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NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
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U.S. NATIONAL
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        A History
            of

United States Army

    Base  Hospital

         No. 36
   (Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery Unit)
Organized at Detroit, Michigan
   April 11th, 1917
  :6><

-: ARAL'S 
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        ACKNOWLEDGMENT

  IN the preparation of this publication,
    the Editorial staff gratefully acknow-
ledge  the  assistance  generously  given
through the loan of illustrative material
and in various ways by the Detroit Free
Press, Mr. Clarence M. Hayes, photogra-
pher for officers photographs; Mr.  Don-
ald Melville, for a large number of kodak
pictures; Mr. Roy C. Gamble, artist for
the color sketches  and crayon sketches;
Miss Elizabeth  Connell, Mrs. Theodore
A.  McGraw, Mrs.  John T.  Brodhead.
Mrs. Burt R.  Shurly,  Mrs.  Frank B.
Walker, Mrs. J. G. Obee, stenographer.

         Alice  Evelyn Cooper
         Burt R. Shurly
         Frank B. Walker
         William D. Maxon.
         Howard M. Erskine
EDITORIAL  STAFF 
CONTENTS
Foreword    ......
    By Maj.-Gen. Merritte W. Ireland
Introduction    .....
    By Col. Burt R. Shurly
History of Base Hospital 36
    Foundation  .....
    VlTTEL  .    .    .     .
    Preparation .....
    Administration B. H. 36, 1918-1919
    Report of Hospital "A"
    Eye Department  ....
    Ear, Nose and Throat Department
        By Maj. Wilfred Haughey
    Department of Dextal and Oral Surgery
        By Maj. Bion R. East
    Report of Hospital "B"
        By Lt. Col. Frank B. Walker
    Report of  Hospital  "C"
        By Maj. Channing W. Barrett
    Report of  Hospital "D"
        By Maj. Henry C.  Berry
    Report of Hospital "E"
        By the Editorial Staff
    X-Ray Laboratory Report
        By Oapt. Royston  E. Scrafford
    History of the Clinical Laboratory
        By Capt. Joseph Sill and Lt. Anthony J. Font
    Conference on Surgery at the Base
    History of the Nursing Department
    Our French Friends
        By Elizabeth Hammond Shepard
    Chaplain's Department
        By Wm. D. Maxon. D. D.
    Report of Red  Cross Activities
        By Maj. G. Hunter Brown
    Hospital and Home Communications Service
        By Miss Evadne Laptad
    What the Red Cross Did for  Base 36 .
        By Mrs. W. H. Burtenshaw
    Christmas  Boxes, 1917     ....
        By Esther Longyear McGraw
    An  Episode of  the Late War
        By Maj. George E. Fay
Miscellaneous   .......
Roster of Officers   ......
Roster of Nurses     ......
Roster of Enlisted Men    .....
5 
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES
OFFICE OF THE COMMANDER IN-CHIEF
    Prance, March 5,  1919
My dear Colonel:
               I wish to thank you for the
valuable services  rendered by you as director
of TJase Hospital No. 36, American Expeditionary
forces.  ?he medical service of the -Army has
been one of the most potent factors in the
achievement of the great results of the war.  To
you is due much credit  for the efficient man-
agement of one of  the largest and most import-
ant base hospitals in the American Expeditionary
Forces.  I regret  sincerely that I was unable to
personally express to you my appreciation of
your excellent services before you sailed from
Prance.
               Believe  me.
                       Very sincerely,
/feCuis9l'e'Li<tu^f
Lieutenant Colonel Burt li. Shurly, U.S.A.,
     32 Adams Avenue  West,
            Detroit,  Michigan. 
FOREWORD
                         By Major General Merritte W. Ireland
                                Surgeon General, U. S. Army

               HE publication at this time,  when the  events  they  embrace are so fresh in our
                memories,  of  histories of our  Base Hospitals  and other Medical  Department
                Units that saw service either overseas or in the home territory during the World
                War should prove welcome and  valuable  additions  to our gradually expanding
                 Worldwariana.   Aside from the personal interest in narratives of this character
                quite naturally  aroused  in everyone who  has  been  associated with the  activities
they relate,  these volumes should constitute brilliant chapters  of American participation in the
war.  By the members of the Unit concerned they will  be  treasured  as a token of their contribu-
tion to the success of the war.   With due modesty and covering a circumscribed sphere of activity
in the case  of each Unit, collectively they tell o f. to quote from the official commendation of the
Commander  in Chief  of the  American Expeditionary  Forces, "Achievements which have added
new glory to the noble professions they have so ably represented."  To the young manhood of the
Nation who responded to the call of the colors our Base Hospitals need no  introduction.   Thous-
ands upon thousands of  these young men, sick or wounded,  passed through their portals.  They
left them profoundly appreciative of  the tender ministrations they had received as patients there-
in.  In their memories is indelibly engraved what  a  haven  these  hospitals were in their hour of
need.

    The very name "Base  Hospital" occupies an enviable place in our  historical archives.  The
first Unit of  the United  States Army to set  forth for the Theater of Operations in Europe was
a Base Hospital that had  been organized under the auspices of the American Red Cross.  That
Unit  eventually proved to be the vanguard of that mighty  host of American  manhood that was
destined  to follow in the trail it had blazed and  throw the balance of  power on the Western Front
to  the side  of the  Allies, to the consternation and ultimate  defeat of the enemy.  In its role as
a pioneer it  was  also an efficient  demonstration of farsighted preparedness to which the medical
profession of America may well point with  pride.  In this connection we  should not lose sight
of  the fact  that this First Unit dispatched by America  to  the relief  of  our  Allies was one whose
sole mission was that of  mercy.

    When the complete story  of the great conflict is finally written  our Hospital Units will come
in  for their well-merited share  of  praise.  Their contribution  to the  combined  cause  was  not
found wanting.  Never  has the world seen a finer body of men and women than were assembled
in those  Units.  They went forth imbued with  the highest ideals  of duty,  and returned  with the
indorsement of work well and  faithfully  done.   They arrived in France with little or no  previous
military  training.   That they  could so quickly adjust themselves  to  the work at hand,  maintain
an  endless optimism in the face of distressing conditions,  and  render such splendid services  with
the limited means at their disposal, constitutes one of the brightest pages in the chronicles of the
war.

    Base Hospital No.  36  was  the  first Unit of the 1,000 bed type to be dispatched  overseas.
It arrived in France and became established  at  Vittel during the fall of 1917.  It was an eye-
witness to the growth of the  American  Expeditionary Forces  from infancy to  full maturity.

    Base Hospital No. 36 wrote its record of glorious  achievement  during that critical period of
1918  when the Allies,  including  all the available  resources  of the  American Expeditionary
Forces, were exerting their maximum effort against the  enemy.  At that  time  the  hospitals of
the American Expeditionary Forces were being  taxed to their  utmost capacity.  Hospital trains
convoying hundreds of sick and wounded from  the front,  were rolling into our hospital centers
7 
day and night without interruption.  Thanks to the  self-sacrificing devotion  to  duty manifested
by every member of these  Hospital  Units,  comfortable  beds  and  gentle  hands  were  always
ready to receive them.  The never-ending  work was carried on with an administrative precision
and professional thoroughness that challenged the admiration of everyone,  including  the grate-
ful patients themselves.  During this time of stress the  busy  and efficient  hospital  center  that
had been organized  at Vittel-Contrexeville,  in the  foothills of  the Vosges,  for  this very emerg-
ency,  and of which Base Hospital No. 36 was a component, constituted one of the chief reliances
in our established hospitalization-evacuation chain.   In  meeting every demand  made upon it, it
proved to be a boon  far beyond our expectations.

    It is quite likely that the Army and the world  at  large will never fully realize the  debt  of
gratitude which they owe to the splendid  and self-sacrificing personnel  of  these Base Hospital
Units.  Their work  was accomplished under the handicap  of a great shortage  in personnel and
it was only  by exerting almost superhuman  efforts,  working throughout the day  and on into  the
night, that they were able to achieve  the remarkable results  they did.  Surgeons,  nurses, and men
literally dropped at the operating tables and  in the wards from  fatigue.   Seldom were  complaints
heard.  Theirs was  an illustrious manifestation of magnificent devotion to duty. To appreciate
their  accomplishments in the face of  obstacles seemingly  insurmountable  one  must  have  seen
these  Units in actual operation.   However the reader of  the pages that follow who did not have
the good fortune to belong to one of these Units  will probably be able to  visualize the  import-
ant role played by members of  a Base Hospital Unit established in support of  our forces at the
Front.  As an ex-Chief Surgeon of the American Expeditionary Forces and in appreciation  of
work  so  well  and faithfully done,  I  subscribe for every member of Base Hospital No. 36 a last-
ing place on the honor roll  of the American Expeditionary  Forces and in the hearts of a grateful
Nation.

    In accomplishing what you did through an unanimity of effort and a high sense of duty you
have earned the  right to  align yourselves  alongside your honored  comrades of the Line, and say
to them,  truly and fittingly,
"I have  eaten  your bread  and salt,
   I have drunk your water  and wine;
 The  death  ye died I have watched  beside,
   And the  lives that ye led were mine."
8 
M
1E3II
           HE war achievements  of Base Hospital
            No. 36 cannot be told in a few words.
              The story of devotion and sacrifice is the
            honor and privilege of our organization.
              The consciousness of the one fact that we
voluntarily tried to minister to  the distress of  the
suffering soldier through the long nights  and days of
war is sufficient satisfaction that we existed.  If, in the
smallest measure, we have relieved humanity, lightened
the burden, prevented the wastage of men,  and saved
the lives of our soldiers, for  their families and their
Country—our patriotic zeal is repaid in full measure.
  We took over in the midst of winter,  five summer
hotels.   With meager  supplies and under enormous
difficulties we opened them for the reception of 400
patients three weeks after  our arrival.  The wonderful
spirit  of untiring  work made  this possible.  Fifteen
thousand patients have been received,nourished, treated
with gentleness  and attention, and operated with  the
greatest care and  consideration.   Theirs is  a   full
appreciation of our efforts. It is sufficient commendation
that we have been privileged to  live in this great era of
history in this zone of war, and serve humanity to the
best of  our ability.  Any personal privation or sacrifice
cannot  be measured with those  of the brave and heroic
soldiers who  have  served.
  Base  Hospital 36 was born in a spirit of patriotism.
It has endeavored to maintain the customs, discipline,
and standards of the United States Army.  With others,
it has exemplified  for the first time in the history of the
Medical Department, that a Base Hospital under  the
Red  Cross  and a  regular army  organization,   can
successfuly operate on foreign soil.
  As the years roll by, and we  follow the pursuits of
peace, our achievements of humanitarian  service to the
suffering soldier will afford sufficient reward for  our
sacrifice.
              Burt  R. Shurly, Lt.  Col., Medical Corps, U. S. A. 
    Burt R. Shurly
Lt. Col. and Medical Director
10 
                   HISTORY  OF  BASE  HOSPITAL 36
                                      FOUNDATION
  A   S soon as the United States had declared war  on Germany on April  6,  1917,  Mr. Cari E.
i~\   Schmidt,  of Detroit,  Michigan,  offered $35,000 to establish a second base hospital for that
city.  He communicated first with Major Burt R.  Shurly,  Medical  Officers'  Reserve  Corps, Dean
of  the  Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery,  who  had previously been  appointed  to  take
charge  of the medical department of the base hospital unit organized by the Harper Hospital of
Detroit; and Major  Shurly at once telegraphed  to Colonel  Jesse  Kean, of the Red Cross and
Army Medical  Department, for authority  to establish and equip  a Detroit College of Medicine
and Surgery Unit to be  recruited  from  the faculty, staff, graduates and students of the College.
     Authority was granted  next  day.   The Unit,  now  designated as Base Hospital 36, was to
consist  of  twenty-four officers,  sixty-five  nurses and one hundred and fifty enlisted men.  Major
Shurly  was  chosen Medical Director,  Mrs.  Betsy  L. Harris,  Superintendent of the Children's
Free Hospital, of Detroit,  Chief  Nurse,  and  Alexander I. Lewis, of the Red Cross, Purchasing
Agent,  and,  under the auspices of  the Red  Cross, the organization and equipment of the Unit
was begun.   On  April 13  Mrs. Harris was directed to commence recruiting the nurses and on
May 1  a call was sent out for men; on May 6 an article asking for about a  hundred men ap-
peared  in the Detroit papers.
     The people of Detroit responded liberally to the call for support; Mrs. Julian H. Harris donat-
ed  $5,000 to equip the X-ray  department, Messrs. Emory W. Clark,  Gilbert Lee and others  pre-
sented the Unit with  a seven-seated  Paige car, Mr. and  Mrs. Henry  B.  Lewis  gave  the  Unit a
Hall truck,  Mr. and  Mrs. E. D. Stair a Paige ambulance, the  Paige Motor Car  Company, one
of  their own ambulances, and  Mr. Edward Hammond a Ford car and the Farwell Estate a White
ambulance.   Mrs. M. S. Smith presented the Unit with $1,000; Mr.  R. H. Collins, $1,000; Dr.
T.  A.  McGraw,  Sr., $500; Mr.  C. B. Hodges,  $500 for a special fund toward providing  hos-
pital necessities in France; Mr. H. W. Ford, $200 ;  Mr. and  Mrs.  H. G. Meredith,  $100;  Miss
Margaret E. Eaton, $120; Mrs. H.  W. Ford, $100; Mr. W.  P. Hamilton, $100; Miss Florence R.
Koppin, $60; Mr. Bryant  Walker,  $100;  Raphael Herman, $50;  Doctor  George Duffield, $50;
Mrs. F. T.  Sibley, $50 ; Mrs.  George L. Bahl, $25 ; Mrs. Theodore H. Eaton,  $20; Mr.  and Mrs.
A.  W.  Copland, $50;  Miss  Maude Van  Syckle,  $25; Mr. Willard  Worcester,  $10; Mr.  David
Gray (Auto Fund),  $90; Judge William  L. Carpenter  (Auto  Fund),  $100;  Mrs. J. A.  Vance
(Sewing Machine Fund), $25; Mrs. Thomas H.  Stephens, $120;  Dames  Loyal Legion,  $700;
Lowell Club  (Mrs. J. A.  Vance), $25 ; First Aid Class (Mrs.  Donald), $100; Cheerful Workers
Circle,  King's Daughters, Mrs. Gertrude  A.  Stilwell, Treas., $60.
     The staff of the  Unit was made up chiefly from the faculty of the College of Medicine and
Surgery; Major  Frank B.  Walker was selected as chief of  the Department of  Surgery  and
Captain Myron  W. Clift  as  chief of the  Laboratory Department.  Captain Theodore A. McGraw
became Adjutant and, on May 26, was  ordered to active duty for the purpose of recruiting, which
had been authorized  by the War Department on the 19th.   The greater number of these recruits
was sworn in on May 31  in Captain McGraw's office at 73 Cass St.  On June  1 he received or-
ders to enlist one hundred and forty-seven privates,  and on  June  4 reported completion of duty.
        Chicago, III., June I, 1917.
        Captain Theodore A. McGraw,  Jr.,
        College of Medicine Faculty, Detroit, Mich.
        Enlist one  hundred  forty-seven privates;  send duplicate enlistment  paper to surgeon general
        Washington. Assign men  to base hospital  number thirty-six. Forward report  of assignment
        to department  commander Central  Department and service  record to director.   See para-
        graph thirty-five, changes regulations enlisted reserve corps number one April thirty, seventeen.
                                              Stephenson.
In this  work Capt. McGraw was assisted by Sergeant Charles M. Parker  of the 31st  Michigan
Infantry and  Sergeant DuSault of the Cavalry. The men had been selected  with all the care  po<=-
sible  from about  four hundred applicants,  mostly of Detroit.
u 
Officers, Base Hospital  No. j6, al State  Fair Grounds,  Detroit. 
    The nurses were recruited by Mrs. Harris, from  Detroit hospitals and elsewhere.  In order to
be accepted they had to be physically qualified, between twenty-five and forty years old,  registered
in the State and graduated from recognized training schools  of more than fifty  beds.   They
were  further  registered as Red  Cross nurses. The number was completed by July 1.  Miss Eliz-
abeth Hammond was selected as Civilian Interpreter, Mrs. Mary  L.  Burgess as Dietitian, Mrs.
Ray W.  Bishop as  Civilian Registrar, M. Jules Faulcon as Chef, Mme. Antoinette Faulcon as
Assistant to the Chef,  and Mrs. A.  B. Cooper as Stenographer.
     On  May 24 a special  service was held in  Christ  Episcopal  Church  for  the  dedication of a
flag presented by Greenwood, Atkinson  and Armstrong, uniform manufacturers of Detroit. The
sermon was preached by the Reverend Dr. William  D. Maxon,  Chaplain of  the Unit and  Rector
Flag  Presented by Greenwood, Atkinson & Armstrong.   Flag Presented by Students  of Detroit College of
                                                             Medicine and Surgery.
of the Church.  On June  "<!(>  the  members  of  the  Unit were  assembled for the first time in  a
parade organized  for  the  purpose of  raising  Red  Cross  funds,  which, starting  at 2  o'clock,
marched  down Woodward Avenue to Cadillac Square. Here a prayer was offered by Dr. Maxon,
an address  delivered by the Reverend Dr. Emerson, of the Woodward Avenue Congregational
Church, and a flag presented  by the  faculty of the  College of Medicine and Surgery.
     In  the meantime, the Detroit  Commandery of Knights  Templar had interested itself in the
Unit and  offered to provide for an additional  head  hospital of five  hundred beds.   On  July  10
authority  for  this  was granted and it became necessary to enlist thirty-five more nurses  and  fifty
more men.  Most of these last were sworn in on  July 28.
     From June 1 to the time of  their going into camp on August 23  the men were drilled two
or three  nights a week, chiefly at the Eastern  Market,  and on  occasional Saturday afternoons at
Belle Isle, under the direction of  Major J.  H. Roehl, of  the 31st  Michigan Infantry, by Captain
Presentation of Lewis-Hall  Motor Truck.                   Another View of Flag Presentation.
13 
Nicholas A. Kramer,  of the 31st Michigan Infantry (who, together with Major Roehl,  had vol-
unteered to help the Unit), Major Shurly,  Captain McGraw and Lieutenant Hosmer; ar  ;.  'ar"
ing the same period, the  equipment was  stored and packed  by some of the men on the third
floor of the  Marquette  Building at  Congress and Shelby Streets, under the supervision of Cap-
tain  Edwin S.  George, former Quartermaster of Base Hospital 17, and, from  the first  week of
June, Quartermaster of  36.
    On August 20, Majors Frank B. Walker and Channing W. Barrett Captains T. A. McGraw,
James W. Inches, Myron W. Clift, Arthur B. Smith, George E. Fay, James D. Matthews, Her-
bert  E.  Randall and Wilfred  Haughey, First Lieutenants  Ira   G.  Downer,  Ross  U. Adams,
George  Van  Rhee,  Anthony Font, Leo J.  Stafford, Claude B.  Gaines, Ward E. Collins, Arthur
M. McArthur,  Clarence E. Weaver,  William H. Woolston, all  of the Medical  Officers'  Reserve
Corps, and  First Lieutenants  Bion  R.  East and Harry L.  Hosmer,  of  the  Dental  Reserve
Corps, were directed  to report for duty to Major  Shurly.  Sergeant  First Class  Anthony G.
Helfenstein, an enlisted man  in the Medical  Corps since  April  20, 1915, was also  ordered to
report for duty on this day.   Major Shurly was directed to  proceed to Fort  Benjamin Harri-
son in command of the enlisted men and  officers in order to equip  and train his command.
    The next day, however, he was  directed  to await instructions at Detroit, upon completion of
mobilization, and to ship hospital equipment to Pier  No.  45, North  River, New York, and  was
asked if he could  mobilize the enlisted personnel  at  Detroit.   Permission was granted by the
Michigan  State  Fairgrounds  Association  to  use the fairgrounds for this purpose and, under the
direction of Captain McGraw, assisted  by a few enlisted men, a camp was immediately pitched
there  between Woodward  Avenue and the Automobile  Building. Electric light and water were
installed and wall-tents accommodating  twelve men each put up.  These last were supplied  by the
J.  C.  Goss Company of Detroit.

                                          CAMP
    The Unit was mobilized  at 8 o'clock  on the morning  of  the 23rd.   Captain  Clift  was as-
signed Assistant Adjutant,  Captain Inches, Sanitary Officer, and Captain Matthews, Mess Officer;
H. M. Erskine, Acting  Sergeant-Major; John V. Sweeney, Sergeant; Cornelius  Holland, Mess
Sergeant,  George H. Kenney and Leavitt J. Bulkley,  Quartermaster   Sergeants,  and  Wesley
Cordes  and Bland A. Pugh, Acting  Sergeants.  The mess  was organized with Jack Bayne, Jack
Morris,  Herbert J. Myring, Jack Yuill, Clarence G. Ewald, George Wilson, Howard P. Tucker,
John J. Conway, Lawrence Greenleaf, Eugene G. Peters, William Sewell  and Frank Dougherty,
and prepared and  served  in a small building on the grounds, donated for  the purpose by the
Methodist  Church.  The food was  supplied,  under the direction of Mrs. R. H. Macauley, Mrs.
Austin W. Wing and Mrs. Charles F.  Hammond, by the National League for Woman's Service
The  Quartermaster Department was organized with Cyril  D'Haene, Ferris  H.  Fitch, Raymond
F. Lyons, R. L. Carpenter, Goddie F. Phillips, Leland M. Swift, Charles J. Harnden, Charles J.
Roberge,  George  Herbst,  Marcus J.  Kennedy and  Percy D.  Hackett;  the  Transportation  De-
partment,  under Harry A. George, with Harold S  Holmes,  Leo Lyons, Herbert  Hass,  William
De Lisle and Clarence Knapp; the Adjutant's Office with Howard  M. Erskine,  Cecil  Fowler,
John R. Mason, Leo Meissner and Walter G. Seeber; and the   Chaplain's  Department,  which
managed the postoffice, canteen and entertainments, with   Sergeant Brown, George W. Hyde and
Adrian R. Jones.  On the following day, Charles F. Ives,  Clarence Otter, Asa  M. Baker and Ber-
nard A. Harrigan were appointed Acting Sergeants.  The first four days were employed in netting
the camp  ready for use.
    On Monday, August 27, Major Hiram A. Phillips, Medical Corps, reported  for duty  as Com-
manding Officer and the regular work of the Unit was begun.   The first  drill was conducted by
Captain Kraemer and a series of lectures  commenced, in which the  officers explained  to  the  men
the rudiments of first aid and anatomy.   On the 27th William A. Healy, Stanley Sessions Cecil
Fowler  and Orvin Havey were  appointed Acting Sergeants and on the 28th Cyril D'Haene and
14 
                         Hiram A. Phillips
Lt.-Colonel and Commanding Officer from Aug. 27, 1917, to Sept. 18,  1918.
13 
Harry A. George were appointed Sergeants.   The following daily program was adopted: First
Call, 5:30 a. m.; Reveille, 5:45; Assembly, 5:50; Police, 6.30; Mess, 7; Sick Call, 7.30; First
Call for Drill, 7.45; Assembly, 7.55; Lecture, 8 to 8.50; Rest, 8.50 to 9; Drill, 9 to 9.50; Lecture,
10 to 10.50; Recall, 11; First Sergeant's Call, 11.30;  Mess Call,  12;  Sick Call,  1 p. m.;  Fatigue
Call, 1.10; First Call for Drill, 1.45; Assembly, 1.55; Recall, 4; Guard Mount, 4.30; Mess, 5.30;
First Call for Retreat,  7;  Assembly, 7.10; Call to Quarters,  9.30; Taps,  10.   Beginning Septem-
ber 13, Reveille  was sounded at 6 instead of 5.30 and, after a time, the afternoon drills were re-
placed by hikes.  All the drilling was conducted by Major Roehl  and  Captain  Kraemer,  but
when these,  after two weeks, had been obliged to leave, was taken over by Lieutenants Sacknder
Raynale,  Hosmer and  Smith.
     On September 1 Captain  Smith  took Captain Matthews' place as Mess  Officer and the Unit
began  supplying its own  mess, which  was cooked and eaten in three tents  set  up on the camp
grounds.
     On  September 3  Captain McGraw  was  assigned  Recruiting   Officer,  Charles  F.   Brown
appointed Sergeant and Philip Bear Acting Sergeant.
     On September 4 Roy Cummings, Leon A.  Ouellette and Thomas W.  Ciliax were  appointed
Acting Sergeants.
     On  September 5 the nurses, who had received  orders on the 3rd to proceed to New York,
were sworn  in at  the  fairgrounds and proceeded on the  6th to New York.   The next day a
Red Cross flag and a guidon were presented to  the Unit by the Woman's  Chapter of the Macomb
County Red  Cross.
     On  the  6th Captain  Inches was  relieved  from  duty and  left  the Unit in order to  accom-
pany Bishop  Charles D.  Williams  to  France as a  member of the  Red  Cross  commission.   To
fill his place and complete the number of officers which  the  enlargement of  the hospital to a
thousand beds necessitated, the following officers were ordered to  report for duty and  arrived
at the fairgrounds on the days indicated: Lieuterant  Reed A.  Shankwiler,  September 8; Lieu-
tenants George P.  Sackrider and Arthur  J. Warren,  September 10; Major Henry G. Berry, Cap-
tain Joseph  Sill and Lieutenant Scott S.  Fay, September 11;  Lieutenants Royston E.  Scrafford
and Eugene  Smith, Jr., September 13; Lieutenant George P. Raynale, September 16; Lieutenant
Fred L.  Stone, September 17; and Lieutenant  Albert  E.  Harris, September  20.   On  September
27  Captain  Haughey was  assigned  Summary  Court Officer.  On October 11 Captain Andrew F.
Schons, of the .Quartermaster Reserve Corps,  reported for duty and  took over the work of Cap-
tain George, who  was relieved from  duty the same  day  and afterwards attached  to the  Trans-
portation Department of the Signal Corps.

     In the meantime, the extreme cold weather had  made it necessary for the whole Unit, with
the  exception  of   the  mess,  to  move   from  the  tents   into    the   Automobile  Building
(which was  lent for  the  purpose  by the Michigan State  Fairgrounds  Association), the offi-
cers occupying the second floor and the  men  the first.  On September  18 Thirty-Six took  part
in a parade  of drafted  men which marched along Woodward and Jefferson Avenues.  On  this
occasion  the  men were led by  their own band, which had been  organized under  the direction of
Sergeant Otter on September  7.  On October 3 a little more than half  the  men, commanded by
Lieutenants  Smith and Hosmer, took  a  long  hike to Captain George's estate at Bloomfield Hills.
where they  pitched camp  in the woods and remained for two  nights, getting back to the fair-
grounds  the afternoon  of  the 5th.  During the remainder of the fairground  period, the following
promotions  were made: Alfredo duFault to Acting  Sergeant,  September  21; Acting  Sergeants
Otter and Fowler to Sergeants, September 29; Acting Sergeant Baker to Sergeant,  September  30;
Acting Sergeant Sessions  to Sergeant,  October 1, Herbert J. Myring, Jack  Morris and John H.
Aivalier  to  Cooks, October 6; Sergeant  Holland to Mess  Sergeant, October 8;  and  Sergeants
16 
Erskine, Sweeney, Bulkley  and Brown to Sergeants First Class,  October 22.  On October 26,
just before the  Unit left,  the  Acting Sergeants reverted to their  former status of Privates and
were promoted to the rank of Privates First Class.

    Before its actual departure, the  Unit was  several times prepared to leave;  on one occasion.
October 11, the  personnel went so far as to pack up in the expectation of going the next morn-
ing.  On October 1  Major Phillips was instructed to leave on the 23rd of that  month, but these
orders  were countermanded  on the 18th and the next day new orders were received to leave for
Hoboken on the  26th.
Drill at Fair Grounds.
        Camp at Fair  Grounds.
       Attention: Fair Grounds.
Group of B. H. 36 Soldiers.
            Drill at Fair Grounds.
Group of B. H. 36 Soldiers.
   Camp at Fair Grounds.
17 
Officers and Soldiers,  Base  Hospital No.  36,  at  State Fair Grounds, Detroit. 
                              Headquarters Base  Hospital  36
                                Fair Grounds, Detroit Mich
                                    October 18th, 1917.
Special Orders:—
No.  8
     Pursuant to instructions,  Commanding  General,  Headquarters  Central  Department,
Chicago,  111., Dated  October 12th, 1917,  Base Hospital No. 36, now stationed Fair Grounds,
Detroit, Mich.,  will  proceed to New York City, N.  Y.,  leaving  Detroit  Monday, October
22nd, 1917, arriving in Hoboken, N. J.,  the  following morning, Oct. 23rd, 1917.
     The Quartermaster, Ft. Wayne, Mich., will furnish commutation of rations at the rate
of seventy cents per day, per man, paid in advance,  (one day)
     The travel  directed is necessary in the military service.
                                             By Command of Major Hiram A. Phillips,
                                                      Theodore A. McGraw, Jr.,
                                                          Capt. M. O.  R. C. Adjutant.

                            FROM DETROIT TO VITTEL

     The Unit entrained on Oct. 26 at 9 :30 a.  m. in cars drawn up on a spur track behind the fair-
grounds and travelled to the Lackawanna Station at Hoboken.  Arriving at 6 a. m., the person-
nel breakfasted  in  the  station lunchroom, immediately  afterwards took  the  ferryboat to New
York and about 9.30  boarded the Cunard Steamship  Orduna, which was docked at Pier 54, North
River.  Here Sergeants Bulkley and Kennedy received orders  to transfer from the Medical De-
partment to the  Quartermaster Corps and left the Unit at once.
     The nurses  joined the officers and men on the boat.   Arriving in New York  at 8 a. m. on
September 7, they had been quartered first in  United  States Army Hospital No. 1, at Gunhill Road
and  Bainbridge  Avenue, and on September 29 transferred to  St.  Mary's Hospital in  Hoboken,
where they  remained  until the day of sailing.  In New York they were drilled by officers of  the
Presbyterian Base Hospital No. 2  and on  October 4 carried the Detroit and American flags and
marched down Fifth  Avenue from  79th Street to Washington  Square in a Red Cross  parade of
two  hundred, made up of all the hospital units already mobilized in  New  York and  of all  the
local  chapters of the Red Cross.
     At this time the personnel of the enlisted men was as follows: Sergeants First Class, Anthony
G. Helfenstein, Howard M. Erskine, John V. Sweeney and Charles F. Brown; Sergeants, Asa M.
Baker, Cyril D'Haene, Cecil  Fowler, Harry A. George, Cornelius Holland, George H. Kenney,
Bland A. Pugh and Donald W. Sessions; Cooks, John H. Aivalier, Jack Morris and Herbert J.
Myring; Privates First Class, Phillip Bear, Thomas  W. Ciliax, Wesley Cordes, Roy Cummings,
Alfredo du  Fault,  Bernard A. Harrigan,  Orvin Havey, William A. Healy, Charles Ives and Leon
Ouellette; Privates, Avon D. Adams, Oran C. Allen,  John Anderson, John C. Askan,  Anthony
Aukstikalnis, Samuel  G.  Backus,  Colin  T.  Bain,  Albert J.  Barnett, Jack Bayne, Watson Beach,
George  L. Benton, Edward A. Biber,  Oley R. Blanchard,  Arthur  P.  Bogue,  Charles E.  Bohn,
James Bradley, Vance B. Buchanan, Frank  P. Burgwin, Bruce  Campbell, James  V.  Campbell,
Harry Carlin, Rolla L. Carpenter,  Harry T. Carver, Jr., Joseph M. Cashmore, William S. Cash-
more, Emmanuel Christensen, John Cleary, Clarence Clemmer,  Harry S. Cline, Francis R. Cogan,
Jack  W.  Comerford,  John J. Conway, Maurice Coquez, Alfred W. Crabb, James Curran, Har-
old M. Davis, William DeLisle, Joseph Derzai, Hugh  Dill, George  Discher,   Frank  Dougherty,
John  Entwistle,  Kent  Erwin, Arthur Evans, Clarence  G.  Ewald,  Ferris  H.  Fitch,  Silas  M.
Finn, Robert D. Fraser, William D. Foster,  Roy C.  Gamble, Joseph Gauthier, Walter C. Genthe,
Richard E. George,  Dwight S. Gilbert, Ronald S. Gilbert, Joseph M.  Giroux, John  F. Girod, Ed-
mund T. Goodrich,  Wilfred Green, Lawrence Greenleaf,  James H.  Griffith,  William  G.  Grist,
19 
Percy C. Hackett, Arthur M.  Hamilton, David O.  Hamilton,  Thomas J. Hamilton,  Charles J.
Harnden,  Ralph W. Harper,  Floyd W. Harrison,  Herbert  Hass, Carl  A.  Hatch,  Alfred  C.
Hensell, George Herbst, Carl Holbrook,  Harold S.  Holmes,  William  E. Honey, Wilbur  T.
Huddle, Stanley D. Hunt,  George W. Hyde,  Leslie G. Ireland, Valentine P. Joe, Earl Johnston,
Adrian R. Jones, Lee Joslyn,  Jr., Gerald  F. Kelly,  Sherman F. Kelly, Charles P. Kennedy, Jesse
L. Klingman, Clarence Knapp, Walter H. Kramer, Frederick B. Libbe, Henry J. Lockhardt, Carol
Lutey, Leo Lyons,  Raymond  T. Lyons, Harry A. McConnell, Claude G. McDonald, Walter Mc-
Gillicuddy, Donald H.  McQueen, Florian  Mack, Frederick C.  Magnan,  Herbert Marchant, John
Marks, Richard Martin, John R.  Mason, Willis T.  Medcalfe, Leo Meissner, Donald  Melville,
Lloyd C. Merriman, Russell W. Metcalf,  Raymond  T. Milroy, Albert J. Montie,  Jack Morris,
Lester A.  Morrison,  John   G.  Mroch,  Robert  J.  Myring, Walter  R.  Nash,  Donald   A.
Noble,  Frank   W.  Norton,  Roscoe  G.  Norton,   Peter  B.   O'Neil,  Harry  L.  Phillips,
Goddie F. Phillips, Kenneth  F.  Pinnegar, Arthur Peterson, Eugene G.  Peters, William F. Post-
man, William R.  Pulkinghorn, Weden  O.  Ranshaw, Leo J. Rabbette, Roscoe  R. Rau, Claire  D.
Reason, Racine Ripley,  Charles J.  Roberge,  George Robinson, Albert L. Rogers, Edward C. Ross,
Albert Schlenker, Windsor D.  Schuyler  Walter Scott, Walter G. Seeber, Stanley Sessions, Wil-
liam Sewell, Claire Shoemaker, Archie P. Singer,  Carl  Sitter, Lloyd C.  Smart,  Raymond  B.
Smedley, Walter  A. Smiley, Frank H. Smith,  Arthur W. Sorensen, Leland  M.  Swift, Howard
Tanner, William E. Teague,  Howard P. Tucker,  Joseph A. Varion, Edward  R. Vanderlinde,
Jack F. Wallace, Skeen D.  Wallace, Earl Weaver, George B. West, Ralph R. Wheeler, John J.
Whelan,  William F. Wild, Ross F. Wilkins,  Carl  Williams, Edmund Wilson, Jr., George Wil-
son, Spencer Woodworth, Thomas  L.  Wood, Hal F. Wright,  William F. Wright and  Jack Yuill.
This was the final roll after a number of changes in the personnel had  been made at.  the fair-
grounds; several  men had been transferred or discharged and others enlisted to  take their places.
     The personnel of the nurses was as follows:  Chief Nurse, Mrs. Betsey  L.  Harris;  Assist-
ant  Chief Nurse, Miss  Jennie Abramson;  Nurses,  Maude  Arkell, Emma  A.  Arnold, Eva  G.
S.  S.  Orduna.                                   S. S. Warilda.
S. S. Rijndam.
20 
Nurses,  Base Hospital No.  36, Gun  Hill Road, Bronx, Nczv  York.
                              21 
Babcock, Marie M.  Bach, Aurel  Baker, Minnie  V.  Black,  Eva G. Blackwell,  Mrs. Frances
Boulton, Kathryn E. Burns, Frances I. Caldwell, Edith E.  Campbell,  Nellie M. Cavan, Florence
G. Cornes, Alice Evelyn Cooper, Ethel F.  Cotter,  Florence  N. Crane,  Grace M. Daly, Ethel H.
Davidson, Lillian M. Dent, Frances  L. Deyell, Josephine Deyell,  Rebecca M.  Douglas, Jessie G.
Duncan, Anna  A. Dwyer, Catherine E.  Eoll, Frances  A.  Ferguson, Etta  C. Foster,  Sue C.
Gallagher, Mary  E.  Gano, Margaret M. Geierman, Catherine Gelineau, Alice M. Gilmore, Kath-
ryn Gorman, I. Malinde  Havey,  Marguerite  Headley, Eleanor Hine, Bertha M. Howard, Janet
Jefferson, Vera Johnson, Anna C. Kaiser, Jessica  A.  Keating, Amy I. Keel, N. Christine Keyes,
Catherine B. Killoran, Grace  Knapp, Elizabeth  M. LaForge, Nellie  Leggate,  Minnie A.  Lester,
Grace I. Lewis, Ethel M.  Lickley,  Elsie M. Lockhart, Mrs. Emile  T. Lohr, Florence  J.  Lyons,
Emma J. McCaw, Maude C.  McGlynn,  Margaret  McDonald, Sarah A.  McDonald,  Emma  J.
MacDonald, Martha J. MacDonald, Mrs. Nellie  Malone,  Florence A. Martin, Marie P. Mayer,
Edith Medhurst,  Blanche  Meyers, Pearl R. Miller, Norma F. Miller, Ella Moran,  Martha G.
Murphy, Lydia J. Olson,  Clara A.  Olson, Genevieve Pailca,  Carrie  J. Ramler, Agnes W. Reid,
Margaret C. Roll, Louise J. Ruetz, Rosanna C. Schulte, Signe  Schwartz, Penelope C.  Smith, Julia
A.  Stahl,  Estella  Stroupe,  Ann  Strub,  Dolina Stuart, A. Adelaide Tallion, Jean  Thomson,
Mary  B.  Tonner,  Phoebe  R.  Tullar,  Harriet Turner,  Verna Ulrey,  Josephine Valentine,
Annie Virtue, Edna Waterman, Mrs. Charles H.  Widdicomb,  Jessie  M.  Wilson,  E. Gertrude
Witban, Esther  I. Wonderly.   Three nurses who  had been with the Unit in New York were dis-
charged before it sailed; and Mrs. Mary L. Burgess was obliged to remain in America in obedi-
ence to the regulation which  excludes  the  wives  of officers from  service with the army.
    Thirty-six was the first Base Hospital of a thousand beds to leave America.
    The Orduna was scheduled to sail at noon but, owing to a small fire among the cargo of
cotton in the  hold, the sailing was  postponed  until three  in the afternoon.  The military officer
of the ship was Major T. J. Moynahan,  of the 165th  Infantry; and, besides  36, there were the
88th,  89th and  90th Aero Squadrons, nine officers  thirty-one nurses and forty-seven  men of
Base  Hospital  21 and a detachment of sixty-three men from the Quartermaster Corps.  The offi-
cers and nurses of 36 were quartered in the first-class cabin and the men in  the steerage, partly in
small rooms accommodating four each  and  partly in a large room  in the hold, which had for-
merly been  used  for baggage.
    On the noon of October  29, the Orduna arrived  in  Halifax Harbor and dropped  anchor
until  3  p. m. on the 31st.  During  this  time, she  was joined by a convoy consisting of the Vic-
torian,  the Adriatic, the  Belgic, the Rhesius, the  Manchuria, the Calgarian and the Thebian. On
the voyage, the men were given setting-up exercises and  all  the passengers life-boat drill.  The
ships, however, sailing  close together and  entirely darkened  at  night, were   never  troubled by
submarines  and,  except for a  little  rough  weather, had a  calm and  easy voyage.
    While awaiting orders in Halifax Harbor a number of officers and nurses who were fortunate
 recipients of  patented  Life  Saving Suits presented by Mrs. H.  N. Torrey and her sister, de-
cided to assure themselves that the paraphernalia was really "life  saving."   Suits were donned and
a gangway  lowered to  the water.   Major Barrett was the first to  leap bravely into the briny
deep, being followed by a dozen or more officers  and nurses.  It took the aid of half the crew to
bring  the party  safely on board, but  they  had good Christian  Science baths, and were satisfied
that the life saving suits  were a reality.
     On November 1 and 2, respectively, William R. Pulkinghorn and Charles  E.  Bohn  pharma-
cists,  were  appointed  Sergeants.  On  November 7 appeared the first number of the Reveille  a
small monthly paper of  four pages, founded by Leo J. Rabbette and printed by Willis T. Med-
calfe.
22 
    On the 9th, when the ships  were in sight of  Scotland  and  Ireland, which  they were  ap-
proaching from the north,  a  small  fleet of  destroyers and submarine chasers  came out to escort
them.  They entered the Mersey  channel thus about 7 a. m. on the 10th and at  2.30 p. m. the Unit
debarked at Liverpool and  proceeded to  the station of  the London Northwestern  Railway. Here
Lieutenant Gaines was detached  to  travel with the  nurses, whom he accompanied  till the 15th,
and  Sergeant  D'Haene to look after the  baggage, with which he travelled to Le Havre by the
same route as the rest of  the Unit, but leaving Liverpool  three weeks  after them.
    At 5.30 p. m. the officers and men boarded a  train,  travelled all  night,  stopping once  for
refreshment, at Birmingham, and  at 2 a. m.  arrived in  Southampton, where they  marched from
the dock three miles to American Rest Camp No.  1.  The men were here quartered in mushroom
tents,  sleeping on  a  wooden  floor,  heads  at the pole and bodies radiating  therefrom  like the
spokes of a wheel.  The officers were "housed" in  barracks and  slept upon  iron beds with the
softest  chicken  wire  obtainable  for mattresses.  Their  backs resembled waffles in the morning.
At   10:00  A.  M.,   November  13,  they  left   the  camp  and  boarded the  British  trans-
port  Caesarea  about  noon.   The  Caesarea sailed   at  4:00  o'clock  that afternoon,  but
was  obliged,  on  account  of a heavy fog,  to   turn  back  during   the  night and   lie  in
Southampton  Harbor until  4  p.  m. on  November  14, when  she sailed  for a second time  and,
after a good  voyage,  arrived  at  Le Havre about  midnight.   Besides 36, there were also on the
Caesarea some American  Aero Squadron men and a number of British troops. Privates Walter
Scott and Frank P. Burgwin  were left behind sick  at Southampton in a British hospital.   At Le
Havre the  officers and men were both quartered in the  barracks of American  Rest Camp No. 2
over the night of the 15th.
    In the meantime, the nurses  had spent the night of  the  10th in  the  Northwestern Hotel at
Liverpool and the  next morning started at  eight to proceed by train  to Southampton, where they
arrived  at  5 p. m.  and immediately went aboard the British hospital ship Warilda.  There they
spent the night and the next  day were transferred  to another  British hospital  ship, the Panama,
which sailed 10 p. m. and  arrived at  Le Havre at 5  the next morning.  Here nurses were quartered
at the Hotels Pretty, D'Angleterre, Bras D'Or, Terminus and Bordeaux.
    At 5 o'clock on  the  morning of the 16th the  whole unit boarded a train in the Care  des
Voyageurs,  the nurses  and officers  occupying carriages  and the men box-cars.  Miss Grace M.
Daly was ill and had to be  carried on a stretcher from the hotel to the train.   The Unit travelled
slowly  for  two nights, stopping at Mantes-sur-Seine for refreshment on the  afternoon of  the
15th.  At 1 a. m., November  17,  it arrived  in Vittel;  the officers  were quartered  in  the Hotel
Lorraine, the  nurses in the Hotel des  Sports, the  Villa Jean Rose  and  the  Villa des  Tilleuls
and the  men  in the  Grand Garage.  Headquarters was  established next day on the second floor
of the  Palace Hotel.   On the  19th  Captain  Schons was  assigned Ordnance  Officer.
Belle Isle Presentation of Automobiles to Base Hospital No. 36.
23 
flTThl- - U K<r.>,»i4.
s»  riTTEi. - r*t pnu i> rmtii da F„t,,. — u.
v*25%\
rme.i. — s<*» ;<» m-. ./*»».■<•«*< - ix
L<?/£ Column:  Street Scene in  Vittel.    The  Rosary.  Center Avenue,  Vittel Park.   The Galleries Vittel.
Right  Column:  The Grand  Hotel.  Street Scene in Vittel.   The Gare  Vittel.   General  Viezv of  Vittel
24 
VITTEL
     THE story of Vittel goes far back into antiquity.  It was about  1500 B. C. that Celts and
     other  Gaulois  fought and  fused with the primitive  peoples of that region.  It is  not un-
likely that they formed the name Vittel  from two words:  Ve, habitation and Dale or Thale, river:
Ve thale, habitations along a river.   That origin is further  borne out by the fact that the principal
quarters of  the village, le Bra, le Bra-Haut, Geremoy, the immediate environs of Vittel, l'Orima,
Parey,  They, and Norroy carry Celtic names.  In that vicinity  also  have been discovered  flint
cuttings and Gaulish weapons of early origin.
     The Gauls have been described as tall, robust, and of terror-inspiring bravery.   On  one  of
their expeditions they were said to have captured Rome.  In the course of events, however, Gaul
was  itself conquered by the Romans under Julius  Caesar.  The  rudimentary  paths  of the Celts
were replaced by a network of  roads and the region of Vittel became the direct route, the grand
thoroughfare from the Mediterranean and the Rhone to the  Moselle and  the  Rhine.
     It  is an established fact that the  Romans recognized  the virtues of the waters of the Grand
Source and the Source Salee and constructed there a thermal establishment.
     During the early centuries of the Christian  Era that country was overrun and devastated  by
the Franks, the Vandals, and other barbarians. As late as the 17th century Swedes burned Vittel
and  left only 60  inhabitants.  In the next century, however, the people of  that locality began again
to use the water of the Source de Geremoy in preference to all others.  That thing became known
to M. Louis Bouloumie, a Toulousain advocate, who obtained  possession of it and the  authority to
exploit it medicinally in 1855. At his death in 1870 his two sons,  Ambroise, also an advocate, and
Pierre, Surgeon-Major, took up and developed the work  begun  by their father.  In  1884  was
founded the General Society of  the Mineral Waters.  Upon  the  death of Ambroise in 1903. his
son, Dr. Jean Bouloumie,  assumed  the  directorship of the Society. The Grand Source and later
the  Source  Salee were artistically housed; a  hydro-therapeutic  institution established,  with  all
modern appointments; platforms, halls and galleries constructed  for social concourse; the park
with paths,  trees and rose gardens laid out and a  Casino  with its opera and gaming  rooms built
and  withal  several Hotels to accommodate the increasing number  of people who gathered annually
in the spring and summer to take the cure.
     Within thirty years  a  new  and  elegant city  was built around the spring, a kilometer from
the  old town and separated from  it by  the  railroad.   After encircling the foot hills of Chatillon
it climbed the side of  l'Orima  to the other slope  of the  valley  of the  Vair.   The intervening
space was filled in with as  many as 18 grand  new  hotels,  a  large  bottling works to  supply  the
export  demand for the far-famed water,  tennis courts, race track, and  a golf course.
     The spring of 1914 opened in the foot hills  of the Vosges,  along the valley of  the  Vair, a
glorious prospect of  beautiful  days.   Surrounded by noble forests and bathed in the purest ozone
the builders' and artists'  work welcomed the thermal season. The fame  of  its waters and  the
attractions of that  gem of  summer  resorts  brought crowds of visitors from east and west, north
and  south.  In the midst of all that gaiety a blast was heard, the  concourse dispersed and the men.
young and  old, hastened to the front.  The safety  of France was  at  stake.   The  entire world
became involved  in the maelstrom of war and three years later that group of  warriors, known as
Base Hospital 36, like Ulysses of old, voyaged from Detroit in the far west and landed in beautiful
Vittel.
     There had been  rumors of  our  destination but  where  we were,  after 42 hours from Le Havre
and  22 days from Detroit,  we knew not until the  voice of Major Floyd  cried, "Get  out!" Then
25 
we  learned that we had stopped at midnight between the two towns.   Some of us found warmt
and comfort and rest in the Lorraine, others in  a garage, while the nurses welcomed the hospita -
ity of the Sports Hotel.
    During the next  fortnight we wandered through the streets, the paths of the park and the
lanes of  the old town.  We saw eagerly the large  summer hotels, the shops,  the beautiful vistas
through the trees and drank to  satiety of the Grand Source  and du  vin ordinaire.
    In due time the  Central,  the  Palace, Ceres, the Sources  and the Park Hotels were assigned
to our  unit to make readv to receive the sick and wounded from the front.
                                                                   F. B.  Walker.
METZ 80 m
r"-   Strasbourg loom.
American Front Line.
26 
PREPARATION
    For the  first few days there were little work and  few military formations.  The men ate at
the French mess in the  Hotel Terminus.   Major Rolfe Floyd, M. R. C, offered the Command-
ing Officer of  36  his  choice between  two sets of buildings, the other of  which should be occu-
pied later by Base  Hospital  23, and took over the Hotels Palace, Ceres and des Sources, which
had  previously  been French army  hospitals and were ceded to  the Americans by  the  French
Government, the Hotel Central, the Casino, the Villas Double, des Sports, des Tilleuls, Jean Rose,
Lorima, des Essarts, des Carelles and  la  Prele, the Grand Garage, the Garage Jeanne d'Arc, the
old Bottling  Works and the Ice Plant, which were leased or subleased from their respective own-
ers.   On  November 22 the officers moved into the Villas Lorima, des Essarts,  des Carelles  and
la Prele and about the same time Headquarters was moved  to the Villa Double, where the Com-
manding  Officer,  Medical Director, the  Adjutant,  the Chaplain, the Quartermaster, the Chief
Nurse,  the  Registrar, the Transportation Department  and  the  printer established their  offices.
Sergeant  Sweeney and Mrs. Bishop took  charge of the Registrar's Office  and Receiving Station.
Miss Havey succeeded Miss Abramson as Assistant Chief  Nurse.  Captain  Smith and Lieuten-
ant East  were  detailed on the  23rd as Assistants to the Quartermaster and Sergeant  Helfenstein
on the  24th.   Captain Smith took charge  of the mess,  Lieutenant East  of the Transportation
Department and Sergeant Halfenstein of the Medical  Supply Department,  which, together with
the  Quartermaster's warehouse, was  established at that time in the  Grand Garage.  Lieutenant
Harris  received, after his arrival in Vittel, a Captain's  commission which  had been sent him on
November 2.
     The  Hotels Central,  Ceres,  Palace  and des Sources were  designated respectively as Hos-
pitals A, B, C  and D and were given the complimentary names  of  Detroit Commandery Hos-
pital, Detroit College of Medicine Hospital,  Alexander Lewis Hospital and Macomb County Hos-
pital.   Major  Shurly became  Chief of Staff of  A, a head and contagious  disease  hospital for
American soldiers, with a capacity of three  hundred  and thirty beds; Major Walker of B,  a
surgical hospital for  Americans,  with a  capacity of three  hundred and sixty-three beds; Major
Barrett of C,  a surgical hospital  for  French wounded, with  a  capacity  of  three  hundred  and
fifty-eight beds; and Major  Berry of  D,  also a  surgical hospital for   French wounded,  with  a
capacity of  four hundred  beds.  During  the  last days  of  November the work was begun  of  get-
ting the Central, Ceres and  Palace ready for use: the buildings were  cleaned and beds moved in;
 furniture and  utensils were taken over  from the owners and chemical supplies  from the French
Government.
     On  November 30  Miss Daly, whom it had been found impracticable to treat at. Vittel,  was
sent  to Base Hospital 15  at Chaumont,  where  she  remained until January 14.
     December  1 Majors Shurly and Walker  were ordered to  secure transportation equipment of
 the  unit  at St. Nazaire.   These gifts were all  secured and  sent to the base.   Majors Shurly and
 Walker were ordered to make  a trip  of  inspection and observation of  base hospitals.  Hospitals
were visited at St.  Nazaire, Saveney, Angers,  Bordeaux,  Limoges,  Chatereaux, Paris, Rouen
and Chaumont  and  later at Dijon and Basvilles.


                                        DECEMBER

     On December  1, Lieutenants Raynale, Downer, Stafford, Woolston  and Harris and  Mrs.
Lohr and  Misses  Abramson,  Bach,  Duncan,  Gano,  Hine, Margaret  MacDonald, Medhurst,
Moran, Pailca, and Thompson left, on special duty, for the headquarters of the 47th Division at
Vaucouleurs, where they were attached to  the 168th Field Hospital at  Chateau Chalaine.  Misses
Bach, Duncan,  Gano, Hine, Moran, Pailca, Thompson  and Mrs.  Lohr and Lieutenants  Downer,
Harris  and Woolston returned  to Vittel  on December  19, but the rest stayed until the 23rd.
27 
Left Column: Statute of Mr.  Bouloumie,  Vittel. Avenue A mboise  Bouloumie  Vittel. Rue de la Gare. Rue de la Gare.
        Right  Column:  Villas Near Golf  Course.   Tenn is  Courts. Golf Club  House. View  of Park  Vittel.
28 
Hotel  Lorraine.                                     Vittel  Casino.
    On December 2nd, Sergeant Pugh and Privates Allen, Askam, Bradley, J. Campbell, Chris-
tensen, Dill, Foster, R. George, D. Gilbert, R. Gilbert, Green, Harnden, Hensell, G. Kelly, S. Kelly.
Klingman,  Kramer, McDonald,  Montie, Reason, Ripley, West and Williams were transferred for
temporary  duty  to Base Hospital 15,  where Sergeant Pugh worked  in the Receiving Office and
the rest of the men chiefly as orderlies.  On December 4th, Misses  Geierman,  Arkell, Caldwell,
Cavan, Headley  and Stahl followed the men to Chaumont.
    On December 5th, Major Berry and Lieutenant Warren  were  ordered on special  duty  to
Casualty Clearing Station No.  23 at Ytres,  and on the 27th  returned to Vittel.
    On the 14th, Major Barrett and Lieutenant Stone were ordered to British  Casualty Clearing
Station No. 49 at Achet-la-Grande, where they arrived on the 17th and spent a week.  They then
moved to  British Ambulance  136 and returned to Vittel on the 1st of January.
    On the 20th, Captains  Matthews and Randall,  Lieutenant Fay and  Miss McCaw,  Miss
Keyes,  Miss Davidson and Miss Martha MacDonald were ordered to report for special duty to
Lieutenant-Colonel William L.  Keller, M.  C, at the Ris-Orangis American  Surgical  Hospital.
Here, from the  21st to the 27th, they studied fractures and the Carrel-Dakin  method  of treating
infected wounds, returning to Vittel on the 30th of December.
    On the 24th, Lieutenant Davis Spangler reported for duty to take  charge  of  the Registry
Department and instruct the men in the work connected with it.  He left on  January 25th.  On
December  8th, the Central  received its first patients, one hundred and thirty  Americans, suffer-
ing chiefly from mumps and measles.  The hospital staff was organized with  Captain  Haughey
in charge.  Lieutenants Weaver, VanRhee,  Gaines,  Shankwiler and Collins,  Miss  Davidson  as
Head Nurse, Miss Hammond in charge of  the supply room and Sergeant Harrigan, N.  C.  O., in
charge. On the 12th the Palace, with Captain Fay, Lieutenants Woolston,  Stone and  Downer,
Miss Reid as Head Nurse and Sergeant Otter, non-commissioned  officer,  in charge, began  to re-
ceive  patients.
    On the 13th, work was begun  in the Bacteriological  Laboratory,  which  was  established
on the  first and then on the second floor of the Ceres.   The X-ray Laboratory, also on the first
floor of the Ceres, began receiving patients  on the 27th.  These rooms were equipped with a  Snook
fluoroscopic machine  and a radiographic table.  Afterwards, another Snook table was installed at
the Central, a table  and fluoroscopic machine rented from the  French at the  Palace and a  radio-
graphic table,  also rented from  the French, at the  Sources.  Captain Clift directed both labora-
tories,  putting Captain Sill  at the head of  the bacteriological work and taking charge of  the X-ray
work  himself.   The  personnel of the former consisted of Lieutenant Fay and Valentine Joe, with
the later addition of  Pvt. John  Anderson; and of  the  latter  of Lieutenant Scrafford  and Pvt.
David  O.  Hamilton,  with the  later additions of Pvts. Avon D. Adams and Clair D. Reason.
29 
     The Dental Office,  with Lieutenant East, Lieutenant  Hosmer and Sergeant Baker, began to
receive patients on the  21st.   lt occupied three rooms on the first floor of the Central and was
equipped with two  Columbia chairs.
     During the month  of December, eight hundred  and  ninety-five American patients and  one
French civilian were received by 36.   Of these five died;  on the 16th,  Private Bryant F.  Dutton,
Company E, 167th Infantry, of general peritonitis following an operation for acute appendicitis;
on the 19th, Private Floyd B. Diamond, Headquarters Train, 42nd Division, of lobar pneumonia
embolic; on the 21st, Private John J. DuBlanc, Truck Company 2, 117th Supply Train, of pneu-
monia ; on the 23rd, Private Henry C. Wade, Company C, 167th Infantry, of  pneumonia; on the
31st, Private Chester Malley,  Company I, 166th Infantry, of  pneumonia.  These were all buried
in the Vittel cemetery in a plot, of ground taken over from  the town by  the American Government.
     On December 1st, the men began having their  own  mess  in  Flospital D, where the whole
personnel ate. until the  other hospitals were  opened  and could provide for their own personnels;
and  on the 9th a Recreation Room was opened opposite the Mess Hall.  On the 17th the barracks
were moved to the Salle de Baccarat of the Casino  and the  Grand Garage was  turned into a
Quartermaster's warehouse.
     On the  19th,  Base Hospital 23,  from Buffalo,  arrived in Vittel  and took over  the Hotels
Terminus, D'Angleterre, Continental,  Nouvel  and Lorrain.
     During December  the following promotions were made: December 1, Aukstikalnis, Coquoz,
and Wilson, Cooks; Meissner, Corporal; Biber, Beach, Benton, Cashmore, Christensen,  Derzai,
Dougherty, Fitch, Goodrich, Grist,  Hackett, Herbst, Jones,  Johnston, Mason, R.  Norton, F. Norton,
H. Phillips, Varion, Wood, Conway,  Honey, Joe, McGillicuddy, Medcalfe, Noble, Rau, W'heeler,
Blanchard, Privates First.  Class; December 3, Havey and  Harrigan, Sergeants; Cline, Corporal;
December 4,  Cogan, Private, First Class;  December  6, Milroy, Corporal; December  7,   Cordes,
Corporal; December 14, Bogue, Dougherty and Sewell, Acting Sergeants; December  15, Barnett,
Acting Sergeant.   On the 13th Captain  McGraw  was assigned Assistant  Property  Officer  and on
the  16th Lieutenant Hosmer,  Fire Marshal.
                                     Christmas  1917
    On Christmas eve after the custom of the English waits there was carol singing in Hospitals
A and C  by several enlisted men and nurses led by Miss Hammond with her 'Cello, the patients
eagerly  listening in the darkened wards and  corridors.  On Christmas Day  there was a religious
service,  with the singing of carols and Holy Communion, well attended by officers, nurses and
enlisted  men.  In the afternoon at Hospital A a small Christmas tree was  set  up, a Victrola played
Christmas carol tunes, a recitation was given  by Army Nurse Ferguson, and a short address by
the Chaplain,  followed by  a distribution of  Red Cross gifts.  This programme was repeated  at
Hospital C.   At  the two hospitals  500 gifts  were distributed to  more than 200 patients.
    Christmas  Night the Officers  and nurses were  hosts  and  hostesses  at  a dance  in Hospital
B  to the officers and nurses of the newly arrived Base Hospital  23.  Refreshments were served
and the Jazz Band helped  make the occasion  a very  enjoyable "get acquainted" partv.
30 
Trimming Christmas Tree.                             Nurses Red Cross Hut.
                                     JANUARY,  1918

    On January 1,  Captain Fay  and Lieutenant Sackrider  proceeded  on special duty to British
Casualty Clearing Station No. 21, near Cambrai, where  they  observed and  performed surgical
operations  for  twelve days.  After  this,  Captain Fay moved to  a  Field  Dressing Station at
Hermes and  Lieutenant  Sackrider to an Evacuation  Hospital at Bus.   They both returned on the
20th to Vittel.
    On the 10th,  Major Phillips started on a tour of observation with the British Expeditionary
Force.  He remained  for some time at Poperinge in Belgium at Casualty Clearing Station No.
62 and returned to Vittel on February  9.
    On the 13th, the Ceres began to receive patients.   The  personnel  included Captain  Randall,
Lieutenant Stafford,  Lieutenant Raynale,  Lieutenant Adams, Miss Valentine as  Head Nurse and
Sergeant Sessions,  N. C. O.,  in charge.
    During the month of January  seven  hundred  and  sixty-four American  soldiers  and six
French civilians were received by 36.  Of these three died: on the 5th, Private  William J. Cum-
ming,  Ambulance Company 102, 26th Division, of meningitis, measles  and an operation for mas-
toiditis; on the  16th, Sergeant Frank M. Pickens,  Base Hospital 31, of  septicemia of lung with
abscess; and on the 23rd,  Private First Class  Frederick  L.  Curtiss, Company C, 101st  Field Sg.
Bn., of frontal sinusitis with complications.
    On the 10th, Private Edward E. Ayott, Headquarters  Company,  103rd  Infantry,  nineteen
years old,  was admitted to  Hospital  A. According  to the  history  of  the case,  the patient was
struck by a one  pound gun in the right parietal region at 3 :30, January 8.  For an hour and a
half he remained unconscious.  The wound was dressed at a nearby hospital,  from which the
patient walked to his billet.   After sitting up for a few minutes, he went, to bed.  His head ached
all over and he vomited  twice during the night,  sleeping but  poorly.  The next night he was  taken
to a Lieutenant's room, where he could not eat or sleep.   From there  he was moved to a  Field
Hospital and then to Neufchateau.  At the latter place he had two convulsions and  after his ad-
mission to 36,  several more.
    He came under the care of Major Shurly, who  diagnosed the  case as one of skull fracture
with possible pressure from blood clot.  The fracture  was  confirmed  by  X-ray  examination.
Trephining was performed  on January 14 by Major Walker,  assisted  by Major Shurly, Captain
Haughey  and by  Lieutenant Gaines  as Anesthetist.  A tongue flap was made over the left Ro-
landic area, a button of bone removed when an extra dural  clot  presented.  The dura showed
a mottled appearance, indicating the presence of  subdural hemorrhage.  Accordingly the dura was
incised, a moderate sized blood clot  removed, flat rubber drainage inserted and the wound closed.
31 
Nurse Dressing Wounded  Hand of Poilu. 
Drainage  was removed  within  forty-eight hours.  The patient made an uninterrupted and com-
plete recovery and at the end of three months returned to duty.
    On January  1st, the nurses began having their own mess in the des Sports and the Quarter-
master's warehouse was removed from the Grand Garage to  the  Old Bottling Works.  On the
9th, Mr. John  Carlisle, of the Y. M. C. A.,  and Miss Porter, of the Y. W. C. A., arrived to do
recreation and welfare work. A Y. M. C. A. reading room and canteen was opened at the Galeries
and on January 13 the first Sunday evening meeting  was held.
    On the 14th, the Officers' Medical Society was organized for the purpose of discussing  obser-
vations at the front and interesting clinical cases.   Originally composed of  officers from  36,  it
was afterwards made to include officers from 23, 31 and 32.   The Society met on Monday even-
ings in the  Medical Library of the  Central.
    On the  15th,  Sergeant First Class Erskine was commissioned First Lieutenant,  Sanitary Corps,
National Army, and on the 22nd was assigned to duty as Assistant Adjutant.
    On the 25th, Captain G. Hunter Brown, permanent representative of the American Red  Cross,
arrived to take charge of Red Cross work in Units 36  and 23.
    On the 27th, General Mason  M. Patrick, in charge of the construction of all hospital  build-
ings in  France, accompanied by General Taylor, inspected 36.

                                       FEBRUARY
    On February 4th, the six nurses who had been  sent to Chaumont returned to  Vittel and on
the 8th  the men  followed them.
    On the 19th, Lieutenant  Hosmer proceeded to  the Army Sanitary School as student  officer
in the Dental Section.  He came  back on the 9th of  March.
    On the 12th, the Sources began to receive patients, with  Major  Berry in command and  a
personnel  including  Captain  Matthews,  Lieutenants  Warren,  Sackrider  and McArthur, Miss
Baker as Head Nurse and Sergeant Pugh.
    During the month of February, we  received three hundred and twelve American soldiers, one
hundred and one French soldiers and four French civilians.   Of  these two died: on the 17th,
Private  Joseph C. Wellwood,  104th Field Hospital,  26th Division, of  scarlet fever, mastoiditis
and acute nephritis;  and on the 18th, Private Jack  Yuill, Base Hospital 36, of lobar pneumonia.
Yuill  was buried on  the 20th,  after an appropriate service in  the English Chapel and an impress-
ive funeral attended by all the members of 36  arid a  detachment from 23.
    On the 9th,  the  Medical Supply Department, which had moved its offices and warehouse from
the Grand Garage to the Old Bottling Works, began business  in the  latter.
    On the 18th, General  Pershing visited  Vittel and inspected 36 and 23.  Drill was begun the
following  week and  was held in the park, under  the command of Lieutenants  Raynale  and
Smith.
    On the 25th, the Red Cross took over a one hundred acre farm for the benefit of the hos-
pitals.  Lieutenant  C. M. L. Clark,  of the American Red Cross, came  to direct this work.
    During February, the  following  promotions were made: on  the 12th,  Sergeant First Class
Brown, who had  previously  been in charge of  the Sources, became Acting Sergeant Major  in the
Adjutant's Office.  On the 19th, Corporals Backus and Buchanan,  Privates First Class Blanchard.
Cashmore,  Goodrich, Honey,  Dougherty and  Varion and Privates Joslyn, Peterson, Bogue  and
Barnett  were appointed Sergeants; Privates First Class Ciliax, Cummings,  Mason and Wheeler
and Private Davis,  Corporals;  and Private Ewald, Bain, Bayne and Hamilton, Cooks.
    On the  25th, Miss Hammond  took charge  of the French  civilian  employees, with an office in
the Headquarters building.
                                         MARCH
    On  March 8, Captain Metcalf, M. R. C,  reported for duty and  was assigned to the Ceres.
    On the  9th, Miss Havey, Miss Valentine, Miss Baker and Miss  Reed  left  for Compiegne,
33 
where they spent two weeks at the Carrel-Dakin  Hospital  and Hospital Benevole.   While  they
were there, both hospitals  were bombed by German aeroplanes.
    On the 10th, Privates  Mikey  A.  Brosch, William  J. McKelvy,  John T. Begley, William J.
McManus and  Anthony  Dolan, Company B, 26th Engineers, were assigned for repair work, etc.
    On the 14th, Lieutenant Grimes, S. C, and  Lieutenant  Edward Jelks, M. R.  C, were as-
signed to 36.   Lieutenant Grimes was detached on the  25th.   Lieutenant Jelks was assigned to
the Ceres and  detached  on April  30.
    On the 25th, Miss  McGlynn  was discharged for  illness and  two weeks later  sailed for the
United States.
    On the 27th, Private First Class Ferris H. Fitch,  who on the 20th had been commissioned
2nd Lieutenant, Q. M. C, was ordered to  Tours
    On the 29th, Lieutenant L. D. Cheney, M. R. C, reported for duty and was assigned to the
Ceres.   He was detached on April 30.
    On the 31st, Lieutenant East  proceeded to the Army Sanitary School, observing the work in
the Dental Department.
    During the month of March, four hundred and eighty-nine American soldiers,  ninety French
soldiers, five  French civilians and  nineteen Italians were received  by 36.  Of  these one  died: on
the 18th, Private Hugh  L. Gibson, Company H,  23rd  Infantry, of acute lobar pneumonia.
    On the 4th, Captain McGraw was appointed Major and  relieved from  duty  as Adjutant,
Lieutenant Erskine being assigned  Adjutant.  Major McGraw then was appointed Chief of Medi-
cal Service and Commander  of Hospital  E,  formerly  the  Hotel du Pare,  which had been leased
from the  proprietor and in which  work had  been going on since the first of the month.  On the
9th, Captain Smith became Supply Officer and Major McGraw was relieved  of that duty.   On
the 16th, Captain Randall took Major Shurly's place as Chief of  Staff of the Central and Major
Shurly, moving his office to the Headquarters building, devoted  all his time  to his  duties as
Medical Director, and surgeon  to the Ear, Nose  and Throat Department.
     On the 15th, Sergeant First Class Sweeney  was  commissioned  First  Lieutenant,  Sanitary
Corps, National  Army,  and became  Registrar of the  Unit.
     On the 23rd, Sergeant Fowler was appointed Sergeant First Class.
     Private  First Class Robert Mater, Battery  A, 149th Field  Artillery,  twenty-one years old,
was admitted to Hospital B on March 19.  He gave the history of a gunshot wound of  the  right
leg by a fragment of enemy explosive shell received on March 11.  At the time of  admission his
wounds were very septic and the transverse wounds on  lateral surfaces communicated posterially to
the bones of the leg in the  calf  and were large enough  to admit the  whole  hand.   The  posterior
tibial artery  and main nerve trunks  were divided and portions lost.  Carrel tubes  were inserted
and Dakin solution used.
     On April  3rd,  on account of the extension of the  suppurative process  due  to  faulty nutrition
and nerve loss, incision  and  further  drainage was made.   The patient's  condition continued to
deteriorate.  Suppuration  followed the planes,  bed sores and sloughs developed lower down in the
leg and foot so that amputation was performed on May 3, four inches below the knee by the  Guil-
lotine method.
     Recovery  followed.  The patient gathered rapidly in strength and weight and in short time
was doing convalescent duty.
                                          APRIL
     On April  8th, Private First Class William C Curtis, and on April 10th, Private First  Class
Norman Israel, both X-ray technicians, reported for duty and were assigned to the X-ray labora-
tory.  Private  Israel  was detached on May 8th and Private Curtis on May 25th.
     On April  12th, Lieutenants Font and Fay and Private First Class Joe left  on detached service
for Epernay,  where they received special instruction  in wound bacteriology,  under Captain A.
Policard,  of  the French Army.  They returned to Vittel on the  26th.
     On  the 18th,  Major  McGraw and  Captains Randall and Harris left  on detached service for
34 
Paris to attend a meeting of the Society for Medical  Research organized by  the  American  Red
Cross.  They returned on the 22nd.
    On the 28th, Lieutenants Downer, Gaines, McArthur, Stone, Weaver, Woolston and  Stafford
left on  detached service,  reporting to the Headquarters of the 32nd Division, where Lieutenant
Downer was attached to the 128th  Infantry at St. Ulrich, Lieutenant Gaines to the 126th Infantry
at Soppe-les-Bas, Lieutenant McArthur to the 125th Infantry  at  Sentheim,  Lieutenant  Stone to
the 128th  Ambulance Company, Lieutenant Weaver to the 127th Ambulance Company, Lieutenant
Woolston  to  the 126th Ambulance Company and  Lieutenant  Stafford  to  the  125th  Ambulance
Company.  All these Ambulance Companies had their headquarters at Denny.  Lieutenant Downer
returned on May 30, Lieutenants Gaines,  Stone,  Weaver, Woolston, and  Stafford on July 1.
    On the 29th, Major Barrett left for detached  service with  Evacuation Hospital  No.  1 at
Sebastapol, returning May 14.
    On the 30th, Captain Clift was detached from 36  and became an instructor in radiography to
newly-arrived  medical officers with Major  P.  M. Hickey in the Roentgenological  Department at
Paris.  Lieutenant Scrafford  took charge of  the X-ray laboratories from this time on.
    During April, ninety  American  soldiers, one French soldier and two  French civilians  were
received.  On the 21st, Private First Class Harvey A.  McPeak, Battery C, 151st Field Artillery,
died of pleuro-pneumonia.
    On the 3rd, Hospital E, a medical hospital for American soldiers, formerly the Hotel du Pare,
was opened with a reception  for nurses and officers and  on the 7th began to receive patients.
The personnel included Major T. A.  McGraw,  as C.  O., and  Lieutenants Collins  and  VanRhee,
Miss  Virtue as  Head Nurse,  and Sergeant Blanchard as N. C. O., in charge.
    On the 4th, the Commissary Department  was moved to the  Grand Garage and consolidated
with  the Commissary Departments of Units  23, 31 and 32, under Captain  J. P. Glandon, Q. M.,
R.  C.
    On the 1st,  the  following promotions were made:  Private First Class  Bear  and Privates
Girod, Harper and Tucker to the rank of  Cooks; and Privates Adams, Carlin, Carpenter, Delisle,
Foster,  Gauthier, Giroux,  D.  O. Hamilton, Harrison, Hyde, Gerald  F.  Kelly, Sherman F. Kelly,
Klingman, Raymond Lyons, Marks,  Melville, Merriman, Nash, O'Neil, Goddie Phillips, Pinnegar,
Scott, Seeber,  Stanley Sessions,  Singer, Sitter, Smart, Smedley, Smith, Tanner, Skeen Wallace,
West and Wild  to the  rank of  Privates First Class.

                                           MAY
    On May  7th, Miss Arkell,  Miss  Blackwell, Miss  Crane,  Miss  Dwyer, Mrs.  Malone,  Miss
Stahl, Miss Caldwell and Miss Moran left on special duty for the Headquarters of the 42nd Divi-
sion.   They were distributed at Baccarat among the hospitals, some of which were shelled by
Street Scene,  Vittel.
35 
the Germans. Mrs. Malone returned on July 2, Miss Caldwell, ill, on July 5,  Miss Crane, ill, on
July 12, and the others on July 23.

    On the 11th, Captain Carlton Russell,  M. R. C, reported for duty and was assigned to  Hos-
pital A.

    On the 15th, Majors Shurly, Walker  and  Berry and  on the  16th,  Major  McGraw,  left on
detached service for Paris, where they attended a meeting  of the  Society  of Medical  Research,
returning  to  Vittel  the  19th.

     On the  28th,  Captain Randall,  Sergeant Kramer,  Privates  First  Class O'Neil,  Sitter and
Nash and Privates Mack and Schuyler went on detached service to Evacuation  Hospital No. 2 at
Baccarat and on the next day Major McGraw, Privates   Cleary,   Ireland,  McDonald,  Montie,
Rogers, J. Wallace, Hal F. Wright and  William F. Wright and Miss Cornes, Miss Douglas,
Miss Gilmore, Miss Headly, Miss Jefferson, Miss Keating,  Miss  Keyes,  Miss  Margaret  Mac-
Donald,  Miss Medhurst and Miss  Roll followed them, all reporting at the  Headquarters of the
42nd Division, Evacuation Hospital  No. 2. On the 29th, Captain Randall and Private First Class
Nash returned to Vittel and on the 30th Pvt. Askam was  substituted for W.  F. Wright.  On the
same day the nurses who had left on the 28th  and Privates Carlin, O'Neil,  Sitter, Askam,  Rogers,
Schuyler, Cleary, H. F. Wright  and  Montie  returned.   These frequent detachments to Baccarat
were necessitated by many German gas attacks, which crippled the Field  Hospitals on this  part of
the  front.

     During  May, four hundred  and forty-four  American soldiers, two  hundred and  five French
soldiers, seven French  civilians and three Italian  soldiers were received.   One French  soldier,
Private Sebastien Mouches, 117th  Battery, 175th Regiment, Trench  Artillery,  died  of  general
peritonitis, and  one French  civilian  died  of  senility.

     On the  1st, Miss  Keel succeeded  Miss Ruetz in charge of the nurses'  quarters.

     From the first of  the month entertainments were held every Monday, Wednesday and Friday
in the Casino  theatre,  under the auspices of  the Y.  M.  C. A.  As a  rule, there were  moving
pictures  twice a week and on the third day some other kind of  entertainment.

     On the  5th, a  baseball team, organized by 36,  with   Lieutenant  Hosmer  as manager  and
George West as Captain, played the first of a series of  Saturday afternoon games, in which they
defeated Unit 31's baseball team with  a score of 4 to 1.   They afterwards  played Units 15, 23,
66, 116 and 32, Evacuation Hospital 6, Company F of the 161st Infantry and other organizations.
     On  the 10th, Privates Kramer and Kennedy were appointed Sergeants.
Des Sports Hotel.
36 
                                       MAY 30, 1918
    Tribute to the memory of the brave lads, American and French, who gave their lives for the
cause of the  Allies, was rendered fittingly by the Americans in Vittel May 30.   Our  first Mem-
orial Day in France will be remembered as an occasion when the full significance of that great day
was deeply felt.  Out in the little cemetery beyond the limits of the town, a monument had  been
erected  to mark the resting place of Jack Yuill, first of the personnel of Base Hospital 36 to leave
the ranks.  The dedication of  this monument was an important event in the day's program.  It
is a handsome stone column appropriately inscribed.   Forming  on  the parade ground  at  10 a. m.
officers  and men of Base Hospitals 36 and 23 and of the Graves  Registration  Service Unit  No.
304, marched to the cemetery where they were joined  by the nurses of the two hospitals.  In the
parade were  detachments of  French "Poilus" and British  "Tommies" convalescent, accompanied
by British and French  officers from the Officers Hospital, Hotel de Lorraine.  The program was
opened  with  a  prayer by Chaplain W. D.  Maxon, following which Major Burt R.  Shurly, of
Unit 36, spoke.  Captain Gazet, attached  to the hospital center by the French army, replied in be-
half  of  our comrades in horizon  blue.  Following a verse of  "America"  a volley  was fired  and
taps was sounded, the far-off echo of that memorial taps coming from  the distance, faint but
clear, as from the land  of  the dear dead now raised to life eternal.  The graves of all the soldiers,
French, American, English and Algerian were decorated  by the nurses  and three little  French
girls put on the American  graves, flowers they had gathered in the  fields and the  ceremony  was
concluded.
                                        June  1918
    During the month  Majors Phillips and Shurly  received  their  reward  for  efficient service
by promotion to the grade of Lieut.  Colonel.   We are glad  to  see the silver  leaves adorning
their shoulders.  On June  1st we received  our first consignment  of wounded  British Tommies.
Three hundred and thirty-eight arrived this  morning  together  with  about a hundred Americans.
Many were in very bad condition when received, and it was  necessary for the operating rooms
of Hospitals  B and D to work day and night until June 3rd in order to care for them.  Chap-
lain  Maxon  held a service of patriotic welcome to the British on June 2nd, in Hospital B. It
was  a very inspiring service.  On June 6th the first British  soldier to die was  buried with ap-
propriate services.  Six convalescent Tommies acted as pall  bearers, flowers and flags being
contributed by the  American Red Cross.   At the request of the British patients a Thanksgiving
service  was held in the English  Chapel by  Chaplain Maxon.  America and God Save the King
were sung in unison by American and British soldiers.
    Sergeant  Otter, working in  conjunction with Lieut. Hardy of  Base  23, has reorganized the
band.   Several new pieces have  been added and we look forward to some good  music this sum-
mer.
    Patients  in  the Base Hospital now number 724.
    The results of base ball games played this month  were as follows:
    Base 36—9.  Base 116—5.  June 2nd.
     Base 36—6.  Evac. Hosp.—4.  June 9th.
    Base 36—3.  Co. M 116 Inf.—0.  June 16th.

                                        July,  1918
    Sergeant Harry George was placed in charge of all Motor Transportation in the  newly  con-
solidated Hospital Center,  including  Base Hospitals  23,  31, 32, 36.  This consolidation of  the
four hospitals under the command of Lieut. Col. G.  V. Rukke, greatly facilitates the functioning
of these units.   Many departments have been merged.  Capt. Schons, formerly our Quartermas-
ter, is now Finance  Officer for the  Center and Roberge and Ray Lyons  have been detached
for duty with him.  Sergeant Havey has been  placed in charge of all Electrical work  of the Cen-
ter.  His excellent  work in  installing a telephone system for the  four hospitals  connecting all
buildings and offices is  being recognized.
37 
Catholic  Church Vittel.
Decoration Day Parade.
Parade, Another  View.

Parade, July 4th Vittel.
Parade, B. H. 36  Band.
Parade, Another View.
Parade, Another View.
38
Parade, Another View. 
     Vittel  was  the  scene  of  great  festivities  on July 4th.   Base 23 joined us with a huge parade
 of the entire personnel, led by the newly  organized  Post Band.  Addresses were made  by both
 French and American officers.  A  Proclamation was issued by the Mayor calling upon the French
 Civilians  to honor the day.  The hitherto  Championship  Base Ball team of 36 went down to  a
 hard  fought  defeat  at the hands of  Base 23.   Great preparations were made  for a victory—but
 alas!  Our team, however, turned around  and  defeated the 23rd Engineers 5 to 3.  The Officers'
 Club held open  house for  the day, and  there were  big  doings under  the  auspices  of the Red
 Cross. Altogether, it was  a great day.
     On July 7th Lieutenant Arthur  McArthur was gassed while on duty with the 125th Infantry
 as Medical Officer.  He was  removed to  Base Hospital  17 at Dijon  and later  returned to 36
 fully recovered.
     July 14th was another day of parade, feast  and ceremony.   It  was  the  French National
 Day.  Impressive  services  were  held  in  the town hall and cemetery, honoring the fallen,  French.
 Graves of  all the  allied dead  were decorated.   July  21 brings us over  500  patients—French and
 American—together  with good news  of  the Allied successes on  the Western  Front.  We are
 looking forward to  the end and  "home."   Private Fred C. Magnan was today transferred to the
 Telegraph Batt.  of the Signal Corps.
     Sergeant  Charles  F.  Brown was promoted to the grade of  First Lieut. Sanitary Corps and
 has been assigned Mess  Officer,  relieving  Major  A.  B. Smith, who will hereafter assume charge
 of the X-Ray Department  of Hospital  D.  Brown's friends  are all glad to  see this well de-
 served promotion.   Private Rolla  Carpenter received  commission as 2nd Lieut.  Quartermaster
 Corps and  is receiving congratulations  all  around.   Sergeant "Tony" Helfenstein was trans-
 ferred to Medical Supply  Depot No. 3, somewhere  near Paris.   He always was  lucky.
     An  additional  twenty-five men  were  added to our personnel and will help out considerably
 in relieving the strain of ever increasing  hard work.   Patients in hospital at  the  end  of  this
 month number 2,597.
     Base Ball scores this month—
     Base 31—6.   Base 36—3.
                                       August, 1918
     Patients  recovering from their wounds are  about  to stage something original to  relieve  their
 life of ennui.  Band concert and gang singing preceded  some very  good boxing bouts  on the
 evening of  the 3rd.  It was a great party  and  from the  expressions going around it will be re-
 peated in the near  future.   The bouts were staged on the band  stand in the park and the audi-
 ence was made up of everyone who could  walk, among which were French,  English,  Senegalese,
 Arabs, Italians,  Canadians,  New Zealanders and  two American Indians, patients  in Hospital E.
 On the 20th,  Sunday, a large black plane flew over Vittel so low that it was a speculation whether
 it would  clear the tree tops.  The  occupants  waved a friendly  greeting.  It proved  to be an
 Italian plane  that  had been captured by the Germans.  In  passing over the line they failed to
 respond to  signals  and were brought down by anti air craft guns. They had a  full set of  photo-
 graphs of this vicinity and we felt  pretty lucky  that they  were brought down.   The A. R.  C.
 opened the  bath  houses in the  galleries on  the 25th for general use, and  it was  a godsend, for
 bath tubs have been  at a premium and it was necessary to  make  a date days  in  advance to be
 able to keep decently clean. The Red Cross Hut was opened officially on August  31,  with a
 large dance.  Many  out  of town  "guests" were on the job.

                                     September, 1918
    St. Mihiel fell under the terrible  drive by the Americans and French, and we are  receiving
our full share of patients.  We have  handled an average of 600  patients daily  from September
14  to  18—all beds, cots and every  available space filled.
    Lt. Col. Phillips received  orders  to-day, the 15th, to report  to headquarters of  the Medical
Department  at Chaumont for duty.  Everyone will miss him, for  no  one was more loved  or re-
39 
                Vertou
          On  Board Rijndam.
          Liverpool Harbor.
Interior  of  Bath  Establishment,  Vittel.
          En  Route
Our Mascot,  the  Goat, Detroit.
      Liverpool Harbor.
      Cafe in  Vittel Park.
40 
spected.   Lt.  Col.  Shurly becomes  Commanding Officer.  Received advices to-day that we were
to function  as an Evacuation  Hospital.  Everyone working day  and night.
    Captain George Fay, Captain A. B. Smith, and Captain  H. E.  Randall were  commissioned
Majors M.  C.
    Capt. Burroughs,  of  Base Hospital 23, died of pneumonia on the 18th.  He is the first offi-
cer to  be  taken, and had a great many friends in the  Center.  Impressive services  were held  on
the following  day,  members  of all units participating.
    On the 25th a number of "Christmas" boxes arrived—little  the worse  for the slight delay
of ten  months.  This month  finds over 3,000  patients  in the  hospital.
                                      October, 1918
    News comes that the Germans are seeking an Armistice, but the rumors are being discount-
ed.  However, it makes a good story  and coupled with the  news of the advances being made
by the Allies  shows us a bright  spot—the first real one for four years.
    The Unit is in mourning today, the 18th, for Cook George Wilson,  who died of pneumonia.
Sergeant  1st Class  Charles E.  Bohn followed  him on the  18th, taken by the same  disease.  Ap-
propriate  funeral services  were held on the  19th, when both men were buried in  the American
Cemetery.   On  October 27th  Joseph  Derzai  died following operation.  It. has been a sad month
for us.
    October 25th marks  the first anniversary  of our  leaving the  Fair Grounds in  Detroit.  We
are more  anxious to get back to the Ford City than we were to leave it  one year ago—and that
was  "some."
                                     November, 1918
    Both the false alarm and the real  Armistice were celebrated profusely in Vittel.   The bars
were down  for the  day.   We were back in our school days  once more celebrating  a victory.
The strain is  over and no one can describe the way we all  feel.   We are  cleaning  house and
most of the patients have been  evacuated  to  points nearer  the base  to  await transportation  to
the United  States.   A Victory Thanksgiving was appropriately celebrated  throughout  the post.
Religious  services were held  by the different  denominations.   Our cooking staff surpassed them-
selves  in preparing dinner.  The fatted calves  (pigs)  were  killed and  the menu  was  hugely
enjoyed by everyone.
                                     December, 1918
    The cleaning-up  process was continued—all hospitals  except  B are closed and shipping  of
equipment to  salvage  base is being accomplished by Capt. B.  R.  East and the Bull Gang.  All
officers' quarters are  now on  the  third floor  of Hospital B—there to await orders to  leave for
the U. S.
    Major McGraw was  promoted to  the rank of Lieut.  Col.  and received orders to leave for
the United States.  We all envy him,  and are sorry that we cannot  leave with him on the 9th.
                                      January, 1919
    Lieut. Col. Shurly, Majors  Walker, Barrett and Capt. Matthews received orders to return to
the United States and left on the  . .th with lots of messages to the  folks at home.  Maj. Henry  G.
Berry assumed command.   These are trying  days—days of  "watchful waiting."  Closing of build-
ings and  shipping of equipment has been accomplished and the end of this month finds us ready
for the word "go."
                                     February, 1919
    We leave Vittel  today, the 16th.   The entire population of the town was at  the station to
see us  off and our "40 Hommes  8  Chevaux"  pulled out about dusk.  On account  of  said dusk,
many could  scarcely find their way to the cars.  We are traveling little more  comfortably than we
did 16 months before, but a whole lot  happier.  Capt. Brown, assisted by the Skipper and  mess
staff,  fitted  one car as a kitchen ready to  serve hot  meals  enroute and we were on our way
rejoicing.   Barring a rear end collision to our train we arrived  safely  at  Vertou  and  took  up
quarters to  again await further  orders  to be  on the  high seas.
                                              41 
Officers' Xmas Dinner, 1918.
Soldiers' Xmas Dinner, 1918.
%	witf
y	^oB
	
	
Villa Jean Rose.
The  Lady with  the  Basket" and Nurses.  Misletoe Grozving on  Tree,  Shurly Field.
Recreation Room.
Group  of Officers  and Nurses.
42 
                                      March, 1919
    Just "set" all month in  Vertou waiting—waiting—waiting.

                                       April,  1919
    April 2nd was a big day.   The greatest cook in the world was married.  Reference is made
in other parts of this book to the wedding, which will be remembered by everyone, including John
H. Avalier, the victim.
    All officers  except  Lieut. Col. Berry, Captains Erskine and Brown and Lieut. Weaver left
Vertou  and sailed for  Home.  Things  are looking brighter and we will probably  leave within
a short  time.
    April 9th—At  last we  leave Vertou.  After many inspections  and  other red tape we arrive
at St. Nazaire and  proceed  to "rest" a  few more days.  After more inspections and much "de-
lousing" we boarded the Good Ship Rijndam on April 13 and  sailed  at 1  P.  M.—the greatest
day of  the "war."  We landed on April 25th, at 2 P. M., after an uneventful  voyage, and pro-
ceeded to Camp Stuart,  where more inspections and debusing were thrust upon us.
May, 1919
1st.  Arrived at Camp Custer.
2nd.   Discharged.   Good bye, Army.
S.  S. Zeelandia.
43 
Left Column—Lunch By the Way.  Out for a Hike.  Group  of Convalescent  Soldiers.   Lunch En Route
           Right  Column—Our Post  Band.   The  Sleuths.   View  of Vittel.   On  Board Ship.
44 
Headquarters Base Hospital No. 36.              Office of Medical Director,  Base Hospital No. 36.
                   Administration Base Hospital No. 36,  1918-1919

     The undersigned received telegraphic instructions from the War Department in August, 1917,
 to  report to Detroit to assume command of Base Hospital No. 36.  Upon my arrival there I found
 that the  personnel of this hospital,  consisting of 36 officers, 200 enlisted men and 100 nurses had
 been mobilized  and were under canvas  at the City fair  grounds  and that the entire equipment
 had been purchased and was properly packed and ready for shipment.

     In due time orders were received for overseas duty  and the  entire organization sailed  for
 France October 27,  1917,  arriving at Southampton November 7,  1917, and from there proceeded
 to  Vittel, France, via Le Havre.                ' &>-  -p

     Upon our arrival at Vittel we found  that the Chief  Surgeon  of the American  Expeditionary
 Forces had  detailed Major Ralfe Floyd  to precede us there and arrange for quarters and  hos-
 pital buildings.   Major Floyd had arranged for the occupancy of  various buildings, by the unit,
 among which were five hotel buildings  to be occupied  as hospitals, one small  hotel  as  quarters
 for the nurses and various other buildings  for the officers  and enlisted men.  He had already made
 arrangements for subsisting the men with the detachment of French troops stationed there and
 the nurses at the hotel, that later became their  home.  The  officers  were  quartered  tem-
 porarily  in  another small  hotel that  was  functioning  at the  time.

     The  grades of the commissioned personnel had already been established by the War Depart-
 ment,  the Chief Nurse appointed and  an Adjutant, first  sergeant, duty sergeants and cooks had
 been selected by the director—a Quartermaster and a Supply Sergeant from the Regular Army had
 been assigned.

     The  first duty that presented itself  was to house and  provide  food for the unit personnel:
 Then to prepare for general functioning  as was our purpose there.  The buildings  placed at our
 disposal were inspected  and suitable buildings for each purpose selected.  There were five large
 hotels  that were intended for use as hospitals, one small Villa for  headquarters, a ware house for
 general medical  and quartermaster supplies,  one hotel for the nurses and other buildings for the
 enlisted men.  The hotels  (hospital buildings) were  some distance apart and as  it  did not seem
 feasible to try to operate all of them as one hospital, each was established  as a separate unit and
 so equipped.  These various  hotels were  established as hospitals A-B-C-D and  E, Base Hospital
 No. 36, and the medical property divided.  The unit was established on a basis of 1000 beds but as
 the capacity  of  the five hotels was  something like 3000  beds  the original  outlay of property
 proved  inadequate, therefore authority  was  secured  from the Chief Surgeon to take over from
the French sufficient property to complete  the  equipment.
45 
    Each hospital was provided with a Commanding Officer and  its quota of personnel  all
functioning under the general headquarters.   Individual hospitals were required to  keep
property  records,  admission  and discharge sheets and a Morning Report.  Other records
(such  as  sick  and wounded) were created at the General  Headquarters.
    The property of the civil hospital was placed on  the top  floor of the building, boarded off
and regular hospital property installed.  Many problems arose but the solution in each case readily
presented  itself.
    Headquarters consisted of the Commanding Officer, Professional Director, Adjutant, Quar-
termaster, Sick and Wounded Office, and the Chief Nurse, with the proper enlisted personnel.  Each
section has its specific duties.  When a train of  Sick  and  Wounded would arrive  at  the Railroad
station, it was met by the Corps of ambulances, each with a driver and 2 orderlies, and  the officer
in charge of Sick and Wounded records.  As a man left the  train he was  tagged with his name,
serial number for Sick and Wounded and the hospital designation.  The  scheme worked  entirely
satisfactorily and  of 15,000 patients  admitted, no man was lost  from the  records.
    The next problem that arose was how to care for the patient, pay  him, clothe him  and return
him to his  outfit when  ready for duty.  As few service  records were  received in  the  beginning, it
was found impossible to pay the patients.  This was overcome later by  authority from G.  H. Q.
to pay a man a percentage of his pay upon his statement; pay books were  suggested and vari-
ous other  methods but the service record was retained.  The fact of  our not being able to pay
the men was a disturbing factor.  However, the condition didn't hold for long.  The failure
to  receive service records suggested that the organization  commanders might  not know
where  the man was, therefore Base Hospital No.  36 sent out form cards stating that:

   "Name..........Organization...........was admitted at B.  H. 36, American Post Office 732

Date............and  Diagnosis."

     It  later became a general order throughout the American Expeditionary  Forces,  and I believe
Base  Hospital  No. 36  was the original, in the move.

     The clothing problem arose—it did not appear possible to return a man's original clothing;
they were often damaged, blood soaked, infected necessitating sterilization  and were  received in
large amounts  (convoys).  In  the beginning it was attempted to  return a man's original clothing
but as  the system  failed a slip was made out stating what the man carried in and the same was
issued  from sterilized  and laundered  clothing, or from the quartermaster supplies.  Later, auth«
ority  was  received to  fully equip a man, notifying  his  organization, and dropping  the  clothing,
This  was the only feasible method, but did work a small  wastage,  but not in proportion to the
amount of labor saved.  Much of the clothing was infected  with vermin and it  was necessary to
disinfect it before storage.  This  necessitated the installation of large sterilizers and  the regular
field  sterilizer  did excellent  work:  this sterilizer did the general sterilization for surgical dress-
ings for all hospitals.  As a man became fit for duty, his disposition  became a  question.  It was
apparent that he  could not simply be marked duty, but camps  of concentration must be estab-
lished,  which was done and all duty cases with records delivered there.  The system was entirely
satisfactory.

    With  the  exception of elevators, these  hotels proved  very  satisfactory as  hospitals.  They
had a good kitchen, dining rooms, offices, etc., and at least one large room that served well as an
operating  pavilion.  They were  inadequately supplied with baths, so showers were installed.  All
patients received a bath and clean clothing before being assigned  to a bed.  Four of the  hospitals
were  designated as surgical, carrying 20 operating  tables and  one was designated  as "Medical"
and cared  for all medical and gassed  cases.  This system worked exceedingly well.  The  unit car-
46 
  Capt.  Howard M.  Erskine
Adjutant, Base Hospital No.  36.
Lt. Chas. F. Brown.
Lt.  John V. Sweeney.
47 
ried five majors other than the Commanding Officer and professional director so that each hospi-
tal was placed under  the command  of  officers of appropriate rank.  With  the  exception of the
Commanding Officer,  professional director, adjutant, quartermaster and  medical  supply officer,
and Chief Nurse, all  at Headquarters, the personnel was distributed among the various hos
pitals in proportion to the bed capacity.
    Hospital "A,"  originally intended as a  "head  hospital," was for a  time commanded  by
the professional director, but  later it was turned  over  to  Majors H. E. Randall and Wilfred
Haughey, who proved excellent commanders.  Their  functioning  was  entirely  satisfactory,  and
they carried the  hospital command  throughout the war.
    Hospital "B" was under the command of Major  F. B. Walker, an eminent general surgeon
and he did  very excellent and exceptional work, retaining command of this hospital for the entire
period.  At one time he cared for 900 patients (all surgical), with a personnel  of 5 officers, 18
nurses and 21 Corps men, cooks included. Hospital "C" was under the command of Major C. W.
Barrett, a surgeon of prominence from Chicago, a gynecologist by profession,  but  an excellent
general surgeon as well.  He proved amply equal to  the job and retained command of his hospital
throughout the war.
    Hospital "D" was commanded  by  Major Henry Berry, a surgeon of fame, equal to the others
and a good general  and practical man.  He retained his command  for the war and  won credit for
his work.
    Hospital  "E,"  the medical hospital, was commanded  by Major  Theodore  McGraw
(Later  Lt. Col.)  and  functioned  exceptionally well.  Major McGraw is a  specialist  in his
line and did exceptional work.  He was formerly the administrative officer  in the organiza-
tion of the unit and  demonstrated much  good judgment, tact and common sense and the
success of the unit was largely through his efforts.
    Captain Howard  M. Erskine was selected from the enlisted personnel and given the grade of
Captain, S. C, and  detailed as adjutant of the unit.   His work was excellent.  From civil life, he
was within a few months an administrative officer of great value.  One of his protegees, Sergeant
Cecil Fowler who persistently declined a commission, being interested in his work, was given com-
plete charge of the B.  W. R. I. and handled the job with complete satisfaction.   To  anyone who
was in the American Expeditionary Forces in the beginning, the above  statement conveys much.
    Colonel B. R.  Shurly deserves much credit. He conceived, initiated and formulated the unit.
He directed the  purchase of supplies and  functioned in various capacities.  In  the beginning he
was the Commanding Officer, later  Commanding Officer of the head Section, and finally  profes-
sional director during the regime of the undersigned and as  Commanding Officer after my de-
parture.  The records of the unit  stand as evidence  for his good work.  Colonel Shurly was
recommended  for the D. S. M. by  me.  It is hoped that the recommendation  carried.
Adjutants Office.  Lt.  Erskine and Sergeant Fowler.
48 
    The Nurse Corps under  Mrs. Betsy Harris  as  Chief, functioned admirably.   They  "won
their  spurs" as  was  demonstrated  in  Major Walker's hospital—900 patients  cared  for  by 18
nurses.
    The enlisted men deserve mention.  They worked diligently and intelligently.  In the  begin-
ning when food and clothing were none too plentiful and the ground covered with snow these men
carried on sometimes for 24 hours without a halt.  Discipline was good, the spirit was good  and
their work excellent.   The records of courts martial were  negligible.   There was not a single case
of General Court-Martial in the outfit.
    Discipline  was easy.  The personnel was of  high  order and  contained many specialists.  It
was easy to find  the proper material  for any selected position.   The  undersigned owes much to
Major McGraw and Captain  Erskine for assistance  in the proper selection of men for special po-
sitions.
    This  hospital functioned  in the normal as did other hospitals, received first  hand cases, took
care of epidemics, "Flu," diphtheria, etc., and sent  to the front  young men for a  tour of duty,
surgical teams, etc., with nurses and acquitted themselves  with distinction always.
    It has been a source of great pleasure  to me  to  have been associated with Base Hospital  No.
36—Detroit.  The readiness with which the personnel of this unit took on and the efficiency  devel-
oped  demonstrates  thoroughly to  my mind the feasibility of training the citizen  reserve.
     The  few feeble remarks  that  I have made in no way set forth the worthiness of this unit—
we, at this time,  are not in  a  position to give these  units full  credit  but as times become normal
and the world  forgets war, posterity will do full  credit to these deserving  men.
                                                                      H.  A. PHILLIPS.
      Capt. Andrew Schons                                Lt. Ferris H. Fitch.
Quartermaster, Base Hospital No. 36.
49 
Major H. E. Randall.
                                      Hospital  "A"
                              Base  Hospital No. 36  A. E. F.
    Hospital "A,"  known as the  Central, was called  by Lt-Col.  B. R.  Shurly The Knights
Templar Hospital, to commemorate the generosiy of the Detroit Commandery No. 1.  Hospitals
"B", "C" and "D,"  were  surgical  while Hospital "E" was medical.  Hospital "A" was organized
as a "head hospital," but also took  the overflow of medical or surgical cases of the other hospitals,
as it was not until six months after the arrival of Base  Hospital 36 at Vittel that possession could
be had of the Hospital "E," Hotel du Pare.
    Hospital "A" opened  as  a hospital by receiving over  four  hundred cases of mumps on De-
cember  8, 1917.  It  received the first patient  and was the last hospital to discharge a patient when
our sick and wounded office was closed and our last convoy was  evacuated  to  the Buffalo Unit,
(Base Hospital 23)  on January  13, 1919.
    The plan of Hospital "A"  was that it should be a special hospital for all affections and in-
juries of the head.   The  departments of eye,  ear, nose  and throat, and the dental department were
located  in the left wing  of the front main floor. The pharmacy was also placed in this wing to be
in easy reach of  patients  from these offices.  The lobby at the front entrance to the building with
its tile floor became the receiving room, holding fifty-five stretcher cases.  Here cases could be ex-
amined  and  assigned to floors or wards.  The more seriously injured were put to bed in the large
ward  on the first floor or  placed on the second floor, so that in  case of fire all patients could be
taken from the building.  The walking patients or less   seriously wounded were sent  to  the third
and  fourth  floors.   The  fifth floor was reserved for the male personnel of the hospital.  A door
from  the front lobby led  to a large room, which was  luxuriously  furnished, with a  home  like
fire place, for the library of the officers of Base Hospital 36 and for a general meeting place for
discussion of medical and surgical subjects.

                                             50 
Hotel  Central—Hospital A. Knights Templar
               Hospital.
    The hall leading  from the front lobby  to the large  ward and to the general operating room,
had on its left the business office where the records were kept,  and on the right of this hall was
an elevator and stairway leading to  the floors above.  The  basement had the kitchen, with dumb
elevators running to the ground floor.  Back of the large dining room, which we converted into a
large ward,  already mentioned, was  the  Annex, where contagious  cases  were quarantined, until
one happy day in 1918 an order came that all contagious cases  were to be  turned  over  to Base
Hospital 23.
    There were 933  contagious cases received and fortunately not a single case of cross infection
occured and but three of these cases died.   The varieties of contagion were.

                       Mumps  ...............
                       Diphtheria..............
                       Chicken Pox ..........
                       Measles ...............
                       Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis
                       Scarlet Fever  ..........

    There  were two  deaths from  diphtheria and  one death from scarlet fever.  In this connec-
tion it  is interesting to note that but three cases out  of forty-seven cases  of  pneumonia, died,
showing that Hospital "A"  seemed to be  under the  influence of some  lucky star.
    Out of 15,097 cases treated in all hospitals of  Base Hopital 36, from December 8,  1917, to
December 8, 1918, 4,795 cases or 3V/2% were patients  of  Hospital "A."   The death rate was
exceedingly low.   There were 15 deaths in all or  a  mortality rate of .0031. This is a mortality
percentage rate of less than one-third of one percent, in spite of the fact that 933 cases were con-
tagious diseases,  776 cases were gunshot wounds  of various parts of the body; 175 were of the
head, 37 were of the  chest, 21  of the abdomen and  32 were of the neck; 23 were cases of appendi-
citis,'16 of  acute nephritis, 389 cases  had been gassed, 235  were cases of influenza, and  47  were
cases  of pneumonia.   This low mortality rate of  less than one-third of one per cent is one which
it would be very hard to equal, and of which we are both proud and thankful.
617 cases
239  "
  3  "
 23  "
 32  "
 20  "
51 
Capt. Reed Shankwiler.                            Lt.  Clarence  L. Weaver.
     The medical  and  Surgical  staff of Hospital "A," or the Knights Templar Hospital,  was
at its opening commanded by Lt.-Col. Burt  R.  Shurly, who organized Base Hospital  36, and who
later, on the transfer of Lt.-Col. Hiram A. Phillips to Chaumont, the Headquarters of the Ameri-
can  Expeditionary Forces, became  the commanding officer of the entire unit which he had brought
to France.   Maj. H. E. Randall of Flint, and  Capt. Wilfred Haughey,  of Battle Creek, the  sec-
ond  in command of Hospital "A," are entitled to the credit, during the absence of Lt.-Col.  Shurly,
of receiving and directing this hospital with  its  first 400  cases.

     Lt.-Col. Shurly being  a  specialist in  diseases of nose, throat and  ear, Capt.  Haughey took
charge of the eye department,  until Col.  Shurly assumed command  of  Base  Hospital  36, after
that  he had charge  of  both departments.   Some months later Major James  McDowell  Patton,
of Omaha, was  sent here, and took charge of the eye department. Lt. Eugene Smith  was assigned
as assistant to Major Patton,  and Capt. Reed  Shankwiler was then assigned as assistant to Capt.
Haughey.   In April,  1918,  Major  H.  E. Randall,  of  Flint, was  ordered  from Hospital "B," as
Vice-Chief of Major Frank B. Walker, Head  of Surgical  Service to Hospital "A,"  to command,
succeeding  Lt.-Col. Shurly as  Chief Surgeon, Hospital "A."

     The Dental Department was in charge  of  Capt. Bion R.  East,  of  Detroit,  who had as  his
associate, Lt. Harry L. Hosmer, D. C,  of  Detroit.  The work of this department in Maxillo-
facial and  in dental surgery,  proved so successful that the army soon  recognized Hospital "A"
as the center for maxillo-facial injuries.

     Lt. Clarence L. Weaver proved himself very valuable in diagnosing mental and  nervous dis-
eases.  Capt. Albert Harris  had charge of the venereal ward, which was  soon discontinued, due to
lack  of business.  Capt. George Van Rhee took  great pleasure in diagnosis of the skin lesion which
no one except a dermatologist is supposed to recognize.

                                             52 
    On the opening of Hospital  "E," the  medical hospital, the following officers were transferred
from  "A," Capt. Ward E. Collins, Capt. George Van Rhee, and Lt. Claude  B.  Gaines.   Their
places were taken at Various times by the  following  casual officers, Capts.  Walter A.  Ford,  C.
F. Shook, J. C. Olsen, and Lts.  Louis L. Burnstein and Reed A. Shankwiler.

    The chief nurse was at the beginning Miss Ethel Helen Davison, who later was relieved by
Miss Jennie Abramson, who previously  had been in charge of the operating rooms.  Miss Cooper,
who had been Superintendent of the Shurly Hospital in Detroit, was the nurse in the eye, ear, nose
and throat department, where she made herself at home.  Succeeding Miss Abramson in the general
operating room  was Miss Alice Gilmore and Miss Pailca.

    Hospital Sergeant Bernard Harrigan,  in charge of Hospital "A," set the  pace for work and
kept everyone on  their toes, making it  very  uncomfortable for any who showed the least inclina-
tion to grow slack in their work,  as any  one of the following personnel  can  testify.
Officers' Library, Hospital A.                          Operating Room, Hospital A.
              Report of the  Hospital  to Detroit  Commandery No. 1

      THE Crusades  for the  delivery of the  Holy City and of the Holy Sepulchre from the hands
       of the Infidels  originated in France.   The  Knights Templar and  the Hospitaliers were
 organized as a military body to  care for the sick and  wounded, to  protect travelers, and to per-
 form all acts of mercy and pity.   It was thus fitting that the largest American  Base  Hospital
 should come to France under the patronage of the Knights Templar of Detroit.
     Detroit Commandery No.  1  not. only gave very liberally  its money, but  some of its  distin-
 guished members served as  officials in  this great  American  Hospital.   Lieut.-Colonel  and  Sir
 Knight Burt R. Shurly organized and served as its director, and,  finally, as its Commander.  Major
 and  Sir  Knight Frank B.  Walker was the Chiet of the Surgical Department, and was Consultant
 in all injuries of the brain.  Captain and Sir Knight  James  Mathews was a  consulting  ortho-
 pedist.  Capt. and  Sir Knight Harry  L. Hosmer,  Dental Corps.  These officers are members of
 Detroit Commandery No. 1
     We  all are proud of  the opportunity of being your agents in this work of mercy to the sick
 and  the wounded soldiers.   Our  work,  however, was  not  limited to the  Americans, for we  re-
 ceived 1,464 Allied soldiers, and gave hospital treatment to  69  civilians.   During the 12 months
 after we  received our first  patient, we  admitted 15,097 patients.

     As the success  of Hospital A was  largely  due  to the generous support of  the Knights
 Templar  of Detroit,  Detroit Commandery  No.  1,  it is to  Hospital A, the "Central,"  that
vour name was given.   This hospital was specially organized, and at first  personally commanded
53 
by Lieut.-Col. Shurly  himself.  The purpose of the hospital was that it should be a special hos-
pital for all  affections of the head.  Experts  in operations and treatment of diseases of the eye,
of the  throat, and the nose, and of the nasal cavities; of the mouth and jaw, of the ear, and of
surgery of  the brain, and of deformity of face, were given the opportunity  of team-work in pro-
ducing the  best results that American surgeons were capable of.  The results have justified this
organization,  for soon the Army recognized it as being  the Center  for Maxillo-Facial  injuries
under direction of Capt. Bion R. East.
    It will not be necessary to tire you with technical  terms; to hint at some of  the  things  of
surpassing  interest:  Abscesses, even in the brain, were localized and operated, as  were abscesses
of bony cavities connected with the nose, a comparatively  new  branch  of  surgery.  These  were
successfully diagnosed, operated, and drained.
    Cases  of old rheumatism with local infection of the tonsils, or of the bony cavities related or
connected with the nose,  were referred here, and treated with uniformly successful results.
    There  were but  two cases of total blindness,  and  both  of these  poor fellows finally died
from other extensive wounds.   In this one branch of service alone the restoration and saving of
sight has been an invaluable service.
    In deformities of the jaw we always had 12 to 15  cases undergoing  treatment.   The oper-
ation and treatment of these hideous wounds where a part or all of the lower jaw had been shot
away gave uniformly good cosmetic results.  The Dental Department in one year  extracted 1056
teeth, and  filled thousands, gave 318  general anesthetics; and repaired  47 compound fractures of
the jaw.  The importance to the Army of providing means for prophylaxis of the teeth was noted
and emphasized in this service.
     It  was in rush times that the Detroit Hospital was filled up with all  sorts of  cases.   It was
a common saying that if one did not know what to do  with a  patient, "send him to the  Central;
they will take care of him."
     Your  hospital  opened  with its first  patients 3 weeks after we landed in Vittel.   Then they
sent over 400.  Your hospital was equal to the occasion.   Some idea of what 400 patients suddenly
landed  at your door means can be realized if you consider  that Harper Hospital with  its Solvay
Addition would have  had every bed filled, and still have had  a hundred patients waiting outside
for a place to sleep.   This  was a real test of  organization,  but every  man was  fed  and given
prompt attention, as  though nothing unusual had happened.
     For several months the Annex of  the  Detroit Commandary No. 1 Hospital was  busy with
contagious diseases.   One night at mid-night, 129 cases of  diphtheria were sent to us without a
previous warning.
     This makes 960 cases of contagion that have received our care, without a single instance of cross
infection, and with but two deaths.  Two of our cases of meningitis were totally deaf afterwards.
But none  died.

     During  the busy times  following  the  battle  of  Chateau  Thiery  (Second  Battle  of the
Marne), and, later,  the  advance through  the Argonne Forest,  the Detroit Commandary  Hospital
was filled  to the peak with  soldiers  rushed from the battlefields.  It was surprising to see what
a few  days  hospital  treatment could accomplish.

     The original contribution of Carl E. Schmidt  with  that  of others, established a  Red Cross
Base Hospital of 500 beds.  Your additional contribution with  a guarantee of up to $60,000 made
possible the doubling of the  bed capacity.  The  thousand beds raised ultimately to  3000 beds.
The Finance Committee headed by Louis Peters, Albert  B.  Lowrie, Fred Robinson, and Wm.
E. Robinson, not only succeeded in easily raising the amount, but  have  since repeatedly con-
tributed to the welfare of the patients and personnel.  The  Banners of  the  Knights  Templar
have been hung in the wards, and, as  far as possible, Masonic  members have been kept  together.
54 
   Group of Officers and Nurses.
        The Bull Gang.
Staff  and Patients, Hospital  A.
       Ambulance Train.
Group  of Officers and Nurses, Base  Hospital  No.
                   Ambulance Convoy.
           French Soldiers Loading Ambulance.
36.
55
199 
     The summary of the work  done during the year in the Hospital of the Detroit Commandary
 No. 1 is as follows:
     Out of 15,097 patients in all of our Hospitals from December 8, 1917, to December 8, 1918,
 one year, Siy2%, or 4,795 were patients  in the Hospital of the Knights Templar.   The death
 rate was exceedingly low.  There  were 15 deaths, or a mortality of .0031.  This is a rate of less
 than one-third  of  one per cent.  This is a remarkable record.  Of the  15 deaths, 3  were due to
 lobar pneumonia.   This is the  record  in  spite of the fact  that  933 cases were contagious  dis-
 eases ; that 776 cases were gunshot wounds on various parts of the body; 17 5 were  of the head,
 S7  were of the chest, 21 of the abdomen,  and 32 of the neck; 23 were cases  of appendicitis, 16
 of  acute nephritis, 389 were gas cases,  and 235 were cases  of influenza, 47 were cases of pneu-
 monia, with but 3  deaths.   There were also 20 operations for  mastoid diseases.  Also  some of the
 most difficult operations in surgery were done..  This  is a record  of which  you may justly be
 proud.
     The Medical and Surgical Staffs of the Knights  Templar  Hospital was at its opening com-
 manded by Lieut.-Colonel  and Sir Knight Burt R. Shurly, who was succeeded by Major Herbert
 E.  Randall, of Flint, as Chief Surgeon.
     The department of Ear, Nose, and Throat was in charge of Capt. Wilfred Haughey, of Bat-
 tle  Creek, who, for a time, also had charge of diseases of  the  eye.   The Eye Department  later
 was in charge of Major James M.  Patton,  of Omaha, and Eugene Smith, Jr., of Detroit.
     The Departments of  Maxillo-Facial and Dental Surgery were under  the direction of Captain
 Bion R. East, of  Detroit, who had as his  associate, Lieut, and Sir Knight Harry L. Hosmer, of
 your Commandary.
     Captain Reed  A. Shankwiler acted as assistant  to the department of  diseases of the nose,
 throat, and ear, and as specialist in  diseases of the lungs and heart.  Lieut.  C.  E.  Weaver,  of
 Detroit, proved himself to be very valuable in diagnoses of mental and nervous diseases.
     Our full capacity was 540 beds.  This was made possible  only by placing cots in rooms  and
 halls.  It was  like the  hotels at convention time—except  less  noisy.

     When a new convoy came in, the soldiers arriving were pale and tired.   Most had not seen a
 bed for months.   To get in between  clean, white sheets was to them in their expression, "living
 the life of  Jerry."  For one or two  days it  was one blissful sleep, except to awaken  at meal time
 and for the dressing of wounds.  In three or four days beds would become vacant, and by the
 end of a week, few patients were still confined to bed.   Those recovering helped those  less for-
 tunate, and many  made inquiries of the nurse  and the ward surgeons  if there  were something
 they might do to  be of service.  Many became  volunteer nurses for their  fellows, and assisted in
 getting ready for the next convoy that  was to  come in the night or early in the  morning follow-
 ing.

     It was exceedingly rare for morphine to  bs  given  for pain.  Hardy and strong, the fittest
of America, the pride of our country never complained,  and never expressed  a  wish except to
be sent  back as soon as  possible to their company.

                                                                   H. E. Randall,
                                                             Major M. C.  Commanding.
                                             56 
                         French Soldiers Washing Dishes.

      Hospital  "A" Report from  Dec.  8,  1917, to Jan.  1,  1919

 Total number of  patients.............................................48 76
 Total number American.............................................4818
 Total number of Allies ..............................................    9
 Total number of  Civilians............................................   19
 Total number of  deaths ..............................................   16
 Deaths  from pneumonia .............................................    3
                           Total Mortality—.00:528
                   CLASSIFICATION OF  DISEASES
 General Diseases:
 Typhoid fever  ......................................................    2
 Paratyphoid fever ...................................................    1
 Malaria  ............................................................    4
 Influenza  ........................................................... 261
 Diarrhoea and  Dysentery  ............................................ 164
 Tuberculosis   .......................................................  Dl
 Syphilis, hereditary  .................................................    1
         Primary   ...................................................  •>()
        Secondary  ..................................................  \\
         Tertiary   ...................................................    3
Cancer  ............................................................    0
Rheumatism,  acute articular.......................................... 161
            chronic articular........................................  24
Diabetes  ...........................................................   2
Goiter  .............................................................   2
57 
Leukemia  ...........................................................    0
Diseases of Nervous System:
Disease of  spinal cord  ...............................................   72
War Neurosis:
    1.   Concussion ..............................................   37
    2.   Psychoneurosis  ..........................................   35
Insanity  ............................................................    6
Hysteria ...........................................................    0
Malingering.........................................................    0
Epilepsy ............................................................   16
Diseases of Circulatory System:
Disordered action of heart............................................   19
Valvular disease .....................................................   15
Arteriosclerosis  .....................................................    4
Diseases of Respiratory System:
Gas cases...........................................................  390
Bronchitis,  acute ....................................................  251
Bronchitis,  chronic...................................................   11
Pneumonia, broncho ..................................................   12
Pneumonia, lobar....................................................   47
Pleurisy ...........................................................   32
Empyema...........................................................    2
Asthma ............................................................   11
Diseases of Digestive System:
Appendicitis  ........................................................   23
Cholecystitis  ........................................................    2
Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System:
Nephritis, acute .....................................................   18
Gonorrhoea  ........................................................   60
Alcoholism  .........................................................    4
Diseases of the Skin:
Scabies............................................................   20
Erysipelas  ..........................................................   20
Frost bite  ..........................................................   21
Gas  burns  ..........................................................   12
Miscellaneous:
Fever of undermined origin...........................................   58
                            SURGICAL CASES
GSW—Head  .......................................................  1 < 5
   "    Neck ........................................................   32
       Thorax   ......................................................   37
   "    Abdomen ....................................................   21
   "    Right arm ...................................................   33
       Left arm.....................................................   39
       Right fore arm ...............................................   20
       Left fore arm ................................................   19
Self inflicted wounds  .................................................    0
GSW—Right thigh ..................................................   24
       Left thigh....................................................    35
       Right knee...................................................   26
   "    Left knee....................................................    23
58 
GSW—Right leg....................................................  (;;!
       Left leg......................................................  54
       Right hand ...................................................  33
       Left hand....................................................  42
       Right foot  ...................................................  31
       Left  foot  ....................................................  21
Wounds by rifle or machine gun.......................................  15
Shrapnel ...........................................................   2
GSW—Neck  .......................................................  21
Multiple wounds  ....................................................   6
Fracture, simple.....................................................  45
         compound ..................................................   1
                  arm  ...............................................   1
                  leg  ...............................................   3
                  jaw  ...............................................   5
         skull  ......................................................   3
                           MISCELLANEOUS
Hemorrhoids  .......................................................  25
Hammer toe ........................................................   1
Hernia.............................................................  29
Varicose veins.......................................................   6
Varicocele ..........................................................   3
Trench feet  ........................................................  49
Flat feet ...........................................................  31
Convalescents Playing Cards.
59 
Personnel that Have Worked at Hospital  "A"
Pvt. First Class Richard Martin
Pvt. First Class James Griffith
Pvt. First Class Alfred Hensell
Pvt. First Class Silas Finn
Pvt. First Class Peter B. O'Neil
Pvt. First Class Carl Holbrook
Pvt. First Class Harry L. Phillips
Pvt. First Class Florian Mack
Pvt. First Class Fred Wild
Pvt. First Class John Whelan
Pvt. First Class Harold Holmes
Pvt. First Class James Curran
Pvt. First Class Ross Wilkins
Pvt. First Class Stanley Hunt
Pvt. First Class John Anderson
Pvt. First Class Edmund Wilson
Pvt. First Class Lester Morrison
Pvt. First Class Arthur Evans
Pvt. First Class Hal Wright
Pvt. First Class Raymond Smedley
Pvt. First Class William Green
Pvt. First Class William Wright
Pvt. First Class Harry McConnel
Pvt. First Class Jack Wallace
Pvt. First Class William Beach
Pvt. First Class Henry April
Pvt. First Class Arthur Hamilton
Pvt. First Class John Conway
Pvt. First Class Oran C. Allen
Pvt. First Class Donald McQueen
Pvt. First Class Otto Skripsy
Pvt. First Class Michael Dombroski
Pvt. Claud Cutrell
 Pvt. Robert Broyles
 Pvt. Charles Blackburn
Pvt. Edward Parker
Pvt. Clint A. Crooks
Pvt. Leo Forsha
Pvt. George E. Farr
Pvt. J. E. Clifton
Pvt. First Class Goddie Phillips
Pvt. First Class Thomas L Wood
Pvt. Founaris
Hosp. Sgt. Bernard A. Harrigan
Sgt. First Class Lee Joslyn, Jr.
Sgt. First Class Samuel Backus
Sgt. First Class Joseph Varion
Sgt. First Class William  Pulkinghorn
Sgt. First Class Chas. E. Bohn, died  of
     pneumonia
Sgt. Vance Buchanan
Sgt. Edward Vanderline
Sgt. Howard Kramer
Sgt. Carl Sitter
Sgt. Windsor D. Schuyler
Sgt. Asa Baker
Sgt. Albert Barnett
Sgt. Arthur P. Bogue
Cpl. Wilbur T. Huddle, secretary to
    dental department
               "Cooks"
John  Avalier
Clarence Ewald
Thomas Hamilton
Jack  Morris
Colin T.  Bain
Jack  Bayne
John G. Mrock
Frank P. Burgwin
Albert  Davidson
Phillip  Bear
60 
The Field Sterilizer and the Cootie Exterminator-
                Bill Wru/ht.
Operating Room, Hospital A.
Hospital "A" Report from Dec. 8, 19K. to Jan. 1, 1919.......................
                              OPERATIONS
Appendectomy  ......................................................    6
Arthrotomy of  right knee.............................................    3
Abscess drained:
         Neck  ......................................................    3
         Scrotum...................................................    1
         Fore arm  ..................................................    1
         Inguinal  glands............................................    1
Amputations:
         Left arm  below  elbow  ......................................    1
         Right  arm .................................................    1
         Right  thigh  ................................................    1
         First  finger................................................    1
Adhesions broken up, due to adhesion of ileum...........................    1
Circumcision .......................................................    5
Curettment of bone ..................................................    5
Debridement ........................................................   30
Enucleation:
         Right  eye  ..................................................    3
         Left eye  ...................................................    2
Foreign bodies  removed from:
         Right  hand .................................................    2
         Left  hand.................................................    1
         Right  shoulder .............................................    4
         Abdomen  ...................................................    1
         Left leg  ...................................................    3
         Buttocks  ...................................................    ?
         Right  thigh  ................................................    6
         Neck  ......................................................    2
         Left knee  ..................................................    1
         Head......................................................    7
         Face  ......................................................    1
61 
        Brain  ......................................................    8
        Left  shoulder  ..............................................    1
        Left  arm  ..................................................   15
        Left  fore arm ..............................................   19
        Right arm..................................................    8
        Right fore arm .............................................   17
Hemorrhoidectomy  ..................................................   20
Herniotomy,  single ..................................................    "<
             double  .................................................    1
Hydrocele, tapped ...................................................    2
Ligation:
        Brachial, artery .............................................    1
        Axillary artery .............................................    2
        Sub-clavian artery, 2nd  portion...............................    1
        Ulnar  .....................................................    1
Laminectomy, shrapnel removed from spinal  cord  .......................    1
Mastoidectomy  ......................................................    5
Mastoid wound  drained  ..............................................    1
Meatotomy .........................................................    2
Orchectomy  .........................................................    1
Rib—resection, 7th left side  ..........................................    1
Removal of ingrowing toe-nail ........................................    1
         "  corn  ................................................____    1
         "  cervical glands ...........................................    2
         "  tumor from right axilla ..................................    1
Skin graft on right arm  .............................................    1
Secondary suturing:
         Multiple GSW..............................................    9
         Shoulder  ...................................................    5
         Right  arm  .................................................    1
         Left arm  ..................................................    2
         Neck......................................................    1
         Right  hip  ..................................................    2
 Thyroidectomy   .....................................................    2
 Trephine  ...........................................................   10
 Aspiration of pleural cavity  ..........................................   7
 Blood transfusion  ...................................................   3
 Varicocelectomy .....................................................   4
                                   266






62 
Major James  M. Patton.                           Capt. Eugene Smith, Assistant.
                                   Eye Department
                                  Base Hospital 36, A. E. F.

    Base  Hospital  36,  Vittel.—The eye clinic here was in  charge  of Capt. W.  B.  Haughey,
who had the best and most complete equipment for ophthalmic surgery of any of the then active
American  hospitals  in  France.   This  equipment was  brought  with  Base Hospital 36 and  illus-
trates the  great advantage of hating each base hospital transport its own special  equipment.  Two
Lancaster  magnets  were found installed and a room devoted to the  use of  the  eye clinic.  Base
Hospital 23, which was in close  proximity  to  Base Hospital  36, also  had an eye clinic, but with-
out adequate equipment for ophthalmic surgery.  An optical unit was, however, first assigned to
Base Hospital 23, in a room provided for it, as most of the  refraction work  was  being  done
here.   Later  Maj. J. M. Patton was  assigned to  Base Hospital 36  to  take  charge  of  the eye
work and  organize an eye center  for the Vittel and  Contrexeville area.  Several rooms  at  Base
Hospital 36 were assigned to him in which to  locate a  central eye clinic, as all such work, includ-
ing refraction, was now to be carried  on here, and a room was also  set aside for the optical unit
transferred from Base  Hospital  23.   Major  Patton was made consultant for the combined Vittel
and Contrexeville areas and most  of  the serious operative work  was  routed or  transferred to
his  clinic.   This plan of centralizing the eye work for the area under  the consultant at Base Hos-
pital 36 worked out most admirably, and a great deal of  praise is  due  Major Patton   for the
efficient manner in  which he built up this center, which, with the special wards placed at his dis-
posal, soon became  one of  the most active ophthalmic centers  in the advanced  area.
63 
                       Department of Ophthalmology
               Report of Work Done Dec. 8,  1917, to Jan. 13, 1919

                                                  Service           Service
                                               Capt. Haughey     Major Patton
Conjunctivitis  .............................      97              21
Conjunctival Irritation ....................                     112
Conjunctivitis  (Gas)  .....................     120              64
Cornea Abrasions and Foreign Bodies.......       3              21
Corneal Ulcer............................      18               8
Cataract  .................................       1               ^
Chalazion ................................      33              11
Choroiditis...............................       3               2
Enucleation, Convalescent from............      11               0
Enucleation  ..............................       9               1
Episcleritis ...............................       1               1
Evisceration  .............................       1               ^
Fundus,  Examination, Consultation.........      17              59
Globe, Injury  of .........................      16              18
Intraocular F. B.:
     Non-Magnetic  ........................       4               5
     Magnetic  ............................       3               3
     Extraction  of  ........................       3               3
Iritis ....................................      17               5
Keratitis  .................................       6               4
Lachrymal ...............................       2               3
Leucoma ................................       1
Lid  Abscess  .............................       1               1
Lid  Injury...............................      13              33
Loss of  Vision...........................       2               4
No.  Disease Present  ......................   No record          52
Opaque  Nerve Fibres .....................       0               1
Optic Atrophy  ...........................       1               0
Fracture Orbit  ...........................       2               1
Orbital Injury  ...........................       2              14
Palpabritis Marginalis  ....................      15              13
Panophthalmitis  ..........................       0               2
Papillitis ................................       1              14
Refraction ...............................     197             167
 Retinitis Albumenuria ..................• •       1               1
Retinitis Pigmentosa ......................       4               1
 Pterygium..............................       5               3
Strabismus  ...............................       5               2
Trachoma  ...............................       4               1
Vitreous Hemorrhage .....................       1               7
Vitreous  Opacities  .......................       1               4

                                                621             671
Total
 118
 112
 184
  24
  26
   3
  44
   5
  11
  10
   2
   6
  76
  34

   9
   6
   6
  22
  10
   5
   3
   2
  46
   6
  52
   1
   1
   3
  16
  28
   2
  15
 364
   2
   5
   8
   7
   5
   8
   5

1292
64 
Capt. Wilfred Haughey.
                                  HEAD  SECTION

                    Detroit Commandery Knights Templar Hospital

                                  HOTEL CENTRAL
    The Head Section was  located in the  Central, otherwise known as Hospital A.   I do
not know if Hospital A is being written up separately, but wish  to take  the  opportunity
here to state that it was at first placed  under the command of Major Shurly, with Captain
Haughey second in  command.  When the  first patients were received by Base Hospital
36 Major Shurly, with Major Walker and others, was on an inspection trip around France,
so the command of  Hospital  A devolved  upon me.   I had been in bed four days with the
"flu"  when  the  adjutant Captain McGraw, later Lieutenant Colonel, asked me to take active
charge of the hospital, as patients would be received within two hours.
    Within  that two  hours beds  were placed, made, the kitchen opened and  127 patients
received.  The  next day there  were 150,  and  by the end  of  the third day,  351.   These
were  mostly mumps  and measles, but they made  us  a lot of  work.   They were admitted
into  the hospital building designated as the Head Section, and were cared  for by that staff.
It is therefore entirely within the proprieties for  the Head  Section to claim having received
and cared for the first patients admitted  to Base  Hospital 36.   But that  is  not our  only
opportunity  to boast.  On December  12, at 2 P. M., Pvt. Raymond Gordon of Co. B, 166
Inf.,  42nd  Div.,  was operated  upon,  Paracentesis  Tympani  Sinistra, for relief of Otitis
Media.  This was the first stated  operation in  Base Hospital  36.  The day before we had
opened  a boil on the neck  for one  of the men, but I do not have the record of that, or the
name, as we considered it  just routine work.
    While  speaking of the first  operation  done by Base  Hospital 36, we cannot  refrain
from mentioning the last.   On Jan.  15, Florence  Crane, A.  N. C.  Base Hospital 36, and
Florian  Mack, P. F. C, Base Hospital 36, had their  tonsils  removed.  Mack being the last
one.   There  were two or three later at Base Hospital 23, but  that is another story.
    While  on the subject of tonsils let's mention our biggest tonsil  day.  We had accumu-
lated  a  ward full of  chronic rheumatics  on the fourth floor and made  a desperate effort to
65 
^	P^'-^^^B
	
M*	
    Scene in Vittel.
A  Wrecked Aeroplane.
Washing  in the River.
The Red Cross Farm.
The  Bread Wagon.
         Hay Wagon.
      Haymaking, Vittel.
Washing in the Village  Trough.
   Bottling  Factory,  Vittel.
66 
get rid  of them.  We  operated  on 15 of them one day—March 19, 1918—spending two
hours and fifty  minutes at it.  While the department had many days in which we did a
great deal of operating, this was the  biggest  tonsil and adenoid day.

    The work  that  came  to our department  was most interesting and as varied as would
ever come to the average clinic.  On Nov.  9, we removed  tonsils for  Lieut. L. L. Bur-
stien, M.  C, who had  true bone formation  in each tonsil—large piece of bone Yz  inch  by
1J4 inch by  */$  inch, with true bone cells and Haversian canals.

    One day in the Summer of  1918, just after receiving patients from the front—Soisson-
Vesle region—two patients on  the second floor complained of their throats.  Upon  investi-
gation we found Diphtheria.   These were both from the 26th  Div. in line.  Every patient
admitted was then cultured,  and  as  a result of our  report sanitary  inspectors were sent to
the front.   An epidemic was discovered and within a few days  we received 139 Diphtheria
cases in one train  load.   These  gradually  cleared  up, except one death, until a small batch
of carriers were left. These were finally cleared by Tonsillectomy.   Thus our department
was responsible for  the discovery and stamping out of a Diphtheria  epidemic  in the front
line troops,-—26th Division.

    We will never  forget many of the ludicrous  experiences.   The  long line of patients
always  waiting  at our door; the French  civilians who came  to us  with  all their troubles;
the American medical officer who was sent  to us  one day and upon  being directed to  the
end of  the hall found  there a line of French Poilus and upon listening at the door  heard
some conversation in French.  He returned  to the  office of the building and said  he was
looking for an American  outfit,  not a French clinic.  We had our French patients at that
hour, and  of course it  did not sound like U.  S.

    It will be remembered that  the Germans  put over a gas attack on the American front
on  March, 1918, at  Baccou.   We went up with an ambulance train and brought back some
of these patients, soon receiving  very  many of them.  We immediately  instituted a  treat-
ment for  these cases, both eye cases and nose and  throat burns, that was later adopted  by
the American Army—Guiacol  carbonate in  olive oil.   We had dozens of eye  cases in  the
wards when  Col. Derby came  down on an investigation tour asking to  see some of our
striated cornea.   We had  none, and he immediately wanted to know  what we  had done to
them, for  everyone else, French and English, had been having none such results.  He reported
to Col.  Greenwood, who also came down  two  or three days later, and  told me he was  going
to publish this  treatment  all over the American Hospitals in  France.  Just lately I have
learned this treatment  is claimed by another,  but Col. Greenwood will vouch for this  state-
ment herein contained.

    We could  continue these reminiscences  endlessly, but have not  space.  However, we
must tell  one last true  story.  Col. McKernon, chief of the ear, nose and throat department
in France, was in one day and I asked him  for a chance to visit some of the other clinics
in France.  He  said he would  be glad to send me  if there was any  place to go, but that
Base Hospital 36 had had the largest and most active service in our department  of any
American  hospital and  there was nothing new we  could see.

    The number of cases, summary,  etc., are all  covered in  the  official hospital report,
and I do  not have  those  figures,  but believe I have touched enough to recall many other
interesting things to those connected with  the department,  even though the  surface has
not really  been scratched.

    The department is especially grateful to  its nurses and orderlies, Miss Evelyn Cooper,
Miss Grace M. Daley (Mrs.  R. U.  Adams), and Miss Alice Gillmore  (Mrs. W. H.  Wools-
ton), Pvt. Fred  Wild  and Pvt. Henri April.  The medical officers connected with  the
department in one  way and another were  Lieut. Col. Shurly, Major  Patton, Capt.  Eugene
Smith, Capt. Gaines, Capt. Shankwiler, Lieut.  Weaver and Major (Cpt.)  Wilfrid  Haughey,
chief of the department.
                                              Wilfred Haughey, Major M. C. U. S. A.
R7 
Capt. Bion R. East.
Capt. Harry L. Hosmer.
The Department of  Dental and Oral Surgery, Base Hospital No. 36, A. E. F.

     The Departemnt of  Dentistry and Oral Surgery was composed of Doctors Harry L. Hos-
mer and Bion R. East,  both of Detroit.
     Doctor Hosmer reported  for duty August 20, 19U, and Doctor East, August 23, 1917, at the
State Fair Grounds, Detroit, Michigan.
     During the time the  organization  was stationed at the State Fair Grounds, the personnel of
the department did not  function  professionally,  other than  to inspect  the mouths  of  the  per-
sonnel and do certain emergency operations.  These operations served one purpose  if no other,
than to demonstrate the possibility of  "getting  the number" of one Cashmore "Bill" of  the city
of Wyandotte.
     Like the other members of the unit during this period of professional  inactivity,  the  per-
sonnel of the Dental Department was  assigned  to  duties  to  which they  seemed  most  suited.
Doctor  Hosmer was assigned  as drill  master.  The fitness of the workman  can  be judged by
the product of his labor.  Look at the  military appearance of  Corporal Milroy.
     The writer was  diverted  at once  to a fitting avocation; that of roustabout in charge of the
baggage smashing; when  not occupied  in handling someone's  trunk, ditches were dug and other
light duties  performed.   And  by  the  way,  I never have  found the person who tied our mascot,
the goat, in  the shower tent at the Fair Grounds  the night of the big storm.  That occurence
was  the cause of my first call  down from our Commanding Officer,  Colonel  Phillips.  I  had re-
ported as officer of the day, that everything in and about the camp was O. K.  when I was asked
if  I had inspected the shower  tent.
     The next assignment given to a  member of  the dental department was  that of chaperon;
you will remember the  loss we suffered when the  Government insisted that Captain George re-
main in this country.  To supply this  deficiency,  Captain  Andrew Schons, Q.  M. C, arrived one
68 
cold, frosty morning in October, 1917, via yellow cab, bag, baggage and bedding roll.  The writer
was at once assigned as his personal slave and body guard, a relationship which continued to exist
for many weeks; during this time the writer learned to differentiate between  rubber boots  and
boots, rubber, hip or knee, as the case might be.  At this point I wish to say that there are mam-
very fine things that might be said  about  "Andy" Schons.  He had a big heart, and his greatest
fault was his greatest  virtue, loyalty to his Q. M.  C.  The writer likes to remember  the  in-
stances where Captain  Schons would give some poor French widow  200 Francs  from his own
pocket, rather than remember  his quibbling about  a few centimes where accuracy was involved.
    My  particular duties were  rather too  extensive to enumerate.   The  care  of  all the unit's
property, as well as the loading of the officers  and men's personal baggage, did not give so much
trouble as looking after the baggage of the chaplain's detachment. Greater anxiety could not have
been exercised over the care with which one's  baggage should  be handled even in  this  time of
prohibition, than was demanded by the chaplain's department when their boxes, trunks, etc., were
involved.
    Along about this time, the nucleus of what was to be the "Bull gang" was formed, those
cavaliers of stress and resistance.  We will  pass over hurriedly our efforts to keep the baggage
intact in those  three baggage cars on our way to Hoboken  while the  train  at  times made  70
miles per.  No mention will be made of the stevedore  work  done on those "light weight" boxes
we were taking  as light baggage, while they were being removed from train to lighter and again
from lighter to  dock, from dock to  the net of the Orduna, where our  responsibility stopped for
the time being, at least.
    En  route  nothing  particularly worth mentioning was  done,  other than Doctor  Hosmer  and
Doctor East holding sick call once each day in the ship's pharmacy; other than that  our duties
consisted in keeping the morale of Major, then Lieut. Harris at  the highest pitch.  All who know
the circumstances  will remember that "Al" did as much pitching as anyone.
    Arriving in Liverpool,  the writer was instructed to  leave  the ship  and report  to the Em-
barkation Officer,  who was found to be an English Major with a cane which was carried in com-
bination  with  the Englishman's superiority.   He directed that we should watch our baggage as
it left the ship  and see that it was placed in suitable order.  Prior to leaving the ship, part of the
"Bull gang" had been sent into the  hold to look after the trunks,  etc., marked  B H 36.  As a
consequence when things started to slide down the chute to the dock, it  was all B H 36 marked.
The English Officer was immensely pleased until those loose cots (remember them?), started mak-
ing their appearance, when he threw a figurative fit.  When informed  that we  had some other
light pieces  of baggage among our effects, such as a complete kitchen and mess outfit including a
refrigerator, he all but passed  away and very promptly gave order to leave it on the ship, which
was the  cause of the cruise by one,  Sergeant  De Haene.   But of that in another place.
    At this point  enter the villain in the form of that National Guard  Major from New York
who was in command of the ship.  He ordered us aboard  the train for Southampton and  we
were to leave our  personal baggage behind.
    Arriving  in Southampton, sometime  before midnight, you  will remember the trip  to the
"Rest Camp"—but no rest camp  for the baggage smashers, we must wait for those trunks which
should come in sometime  during the night.   Major Phillips here advised that if  we were going
to await that train, he would do so  also. Eventually the baggage train and property arrived about
3  a. m. when it had to be sorted, packed,  etc.  A  guard  posted, we were ready  for the bedding
roll if possible  to  find a place  to house us.  Inquiries  were made about a hotel—yes, one was near
but it probably was filled.  At any events Col.  Phillips said we would make the try.  The hotel
was found,  the  clerk advised he had  one room only. There I was, the lowest ranking Lieut, in the
outfit with this  strange Major of the Regular  Army, my commanding officer and one room only
remaining.  However, the  Colonel seemed  to act as if I was to go along so up we went, I think-
ing that  the floor  would be a  soft  spot anyway. Upon reaching the room, it was  found to con-
tain two beds;  one was a big fat inviting bed; the other  had a  short, narrow  hard look.  Right
69 
here Major  Phillips did something which made the dental department his loyal supporters.  He
said, "East, I'll  match a coin  with you to  see who sleeps in the big bed."  We didn't match and
the little hard bed wasn't so bad after all.
    Of course you all remember how the  baggage detail was  separated from the  main party in
the trip across the channel.   Anyway the  baggage was placed aboard  a freighter, which was
slow and of deep draught, which made it an exceedingly difficult target to hit with  a torpedo.  It
seemed  that this  ship was to convey  some  exceedingly  valuable members of the  British Army
across the channel.  So great care was made to see that every  comfort  was provided  for  them.
These favored passengers were horses.  They loaded the ship with the horses; when it was found
that all space which was fit for a horse to occupy was filled they began filling the remainder with
soldiers, some 2,500 English and Australian infantry men, with their respective officers.   After
these troops were aboard they  let the baggage detail of  Base No.  36  aboard, who  took up  their
"quarters" in a vacant horse stall three flights  down and forward.  It should be mentioned here
that Lieut. Royston E. Scrafford, M. C, had been attached  to the baggage detail  for this trip.
"Scraff" and I have often tried to figure it  out how  he  came to be picked to make this sacrifice.
We never were able to definitely settle it in our minds,  unless it was that he  being the most lowly
Lieutenant in the Medical Corps as I was  in the dental, and therefore could be easily spared.  It
was a happy choice for me because  I became better  acquainted with  "Scraff" and  to know him
better is to respect him more.   "Scraff" came in handy also during  the "dash" across the  channel
(two days and two nights) ; he could say  things  about those  English  officers  who used all the
bunks,  occupied  all the chairs  and ate all the food, that had escaped my  description.
    Eventually we reached  LeHavre where that  baggage was taken off the boat,  again sorted,
piled and checked.   It was hard work of course but  what did it matter, had  we not been told
that we were to  go to another rest camp where complete relaxation could be had, as soon as the
work was finished.  You  all remember the rest  camp at LeHavre—chicken wire  and  cooties.
However, there  was  one  nice thing  happened to the baggage detail at  the  LeHavre rest camp.
It had  been reported that the  ship we were aboard, had been hit by  a submarine and as we did
not arrive until afternoon of  the second day some credence had been placed in the rumor.  Any-
way, we received a warm welcome upon our arrival.  About six  o'clock the same  day  I  was in-
formed  that we  would entrain for some unknown destination about 5 :30 the next  morning, and
that during  the night all the baggage must  be collected and put aboard  a train  before  that time.
Volunteers were  asked to assist in  the work—about the  same men  stepped forward—they said
they would  rather work than  stay in the "rest camp."
    It was  dark.  No lights in the city; the trucks  were  without light, the truck  drivers had
arrived  only that day so did not know the city; the  city streets  were   narrow, and filled  with
bridges  over streams.  The baggage was  in six different  places  (the   nurses  being housed  in
four hotels).   A very favorable layout you will grant.  However it was done without incident,
other than caving in the fronts of two trucks and smashing two telephone poles.  Eventually the
property was  aboard  the  five  box cars, when an ambitious  Captain  in the quartermaster's corps
arrived  about 4 a. m. and  said  it would have to be  placed in the cars just a little  differently.
    At  last  it suited the Captain. We were  told to put our rations aboard which  we  would find on
the station platform.   As the train was about to  move out  our rations  were loaded along  with
those of two  other outfits,  which were to move  later, and  you will all grant  we  had plenty to
eat while on that train for the next week.
    Let us pass rapidly over the events which followed  our arrival at Vittel.  The  moving of the
property from the trains to  the temporary  quarters, via borrowed wagons propelled by the man
power of B H 36.  The final restoration of  the chaplain's duffle  bag to its owner; the telephoning
to General Blatchford of the Zone of Advance for trucks; the trucks were  obtained, also  a call
down from  the  General;  the  reception of  75 car loads of supplies and their transportation to the
warehouse  from  warehouse to  hospitals.   The various  duties,  such as  making  the  cemetery,
70 
trips to Chaumont, Grieves, Nancy, Paris, Neuf  Chauteau,  etc.   We pass  that all over until we
begin the real history of the department of Dental and Oral Surgery B H 36.
    A complete equipment  for two  dentists was bought in Detroit  and shipped with other sup-
plies.                                                                                       ,
    Shortly after reaching Vittel,  Sergeant Asa K. Baker, an  experienced dental mechanic was
attached  to the dental department.  He was placed in charge of  the dental laboratory, which was
completely equipped.
    Two nurses were detailed for duty in the dental department, Miss Anna  Kaiser  and Miss
Phoebe Tullar.  An experienced office man and stenographer was detailed  to  keep the records,
Corporal  William Huddle.  Later Miss Emma J. McCaw replaced  Miss Kaiser and Miss Bab-
cock, Miss Tullar.
     Munger Finn was detailed as assistant to  Corporal Huddle. Corp.  Forrest was  detailed by
G. H. Q. as assistant  to  Sergeant Baker.
     Dr.  Oscar Johnson, a dentist of Minneapolis who was  an enlisted man in the army, came to
Base Hospital No. 36  as a patient; with the consent of G. H. Q., Doctor Johnson after his con-
valescence was retained and acted as a dental surgeon.
     When at its height the department was composed of the following:
     Harry L. Hosmer, D.  C.
     Bion R. East, D. C.
     Dr.  Oscar Johnson.
     Emma J. McCaw, R. N.
     Phoebe Tullar, R. N.
     Asa K. Baker, Sergeant.
     William Huddle, Corporal.
     Raoul Forrest, Corporal.
     Munger Finn, Private.
     The work was divided as follows:
     Doctor Hosmer in charge of operative dentistry.
     Doctor East, oral surgery.
     Doctor Johnson, assistant to Doctor  Hosmer.
     Sergeant Baker, mechanical  dentistry.
     Misses McCaw and Tullar,  general assistants.
     Corporal Huddle, office supervisor and charge of property.
     Corporal Raoul Forest, assistant to Sergeant Baker.
     Private Munger Finn, assistant to Corporal Huddle.
     During  the drives of  1918  when the work became heavy, Doctor East was made by G. H.
 Q.,  consultant in Maxilo Facial  Surgery for the Vittel Hospital Centre.  From that, time Doctor
 Hosmer had  the responsibility of the dental department Base  No.  36.
     Below is a brief statement  showing  number of patients cared for by the Dental and Oral
 Surgery Department.
     Total number of  persons treated:
                        Officers  and enlisted men................  1688
                       Others................................   348
                        Total treated   ..........................  2036
      (Note)__By others  is meant nurses, civilians attached to  the Army,  such as Red Cross, Y.
 M.  C. A., etc.
71 
     These cases represent everything  in the field of dental, oral  surgery  and plastic surgery of
the face,  ranging from relief of toothache to the surgical  interference  in  the  most extensive
wounds in the  face.  A  few high spots would show that under Doctor Hosmer's direction,  1813
teeth were filled; these fillings ranged all the way from tin fillings to the finest of  gold inlays;
it would show that a total of 134 mouths were made serviceable by proper fitting  dentures  made
under the direction of Sergeant  Baker.  It would show that 1211 teeth were extracted.  It would
show that 1426 surgical  dressings were done.  It would  show  that 55  splints for broken  jaws
were made and set.  It would show that 184 wounds of the face  and jaws,  ranging all the way
from a rifle bullet to a  lacerated face from high explosives, were cared for.
     The members of this department are extremely proud and happy to know that there were
no  fatalities among this  large group of  cases which were cared for.   That this  is possible, the
writer wishes to acknowledge, is due  almost entirely to the care which his associates gave and
the wonderful  nursing they received while in the rooms and in the wards.  He is extremely grate-
ful for the work which  was done by Miss  Gertrude Witban,  R.  N.,  and  Mr. Carl  Holbrook,
and  still another person who did a great deal to save the lives of those boys who were handicapped
to such an extent in eating, is cook John Avalier, who was never  too  tired  nor too busy to fix
something which was tasty and  possible for them to eat; he did this even  though  he had to steal
the eggs and  other ingredients from the mess officer.
     It would not do to overlook the assistance this  department  received  from Major  Wilfred
Haughey, M.  C, who was in charge of the Eye, Ear,  Nose  and  Throat department  of  Base
No. 36 at that  time.
     Members of the dental department  are cognizant of the  splendid co-operation  we received
from the Chief of the Surgical Service, Base Hospital  No.  36,  Frank B. Walker,  Major M.  C.
Last, we  are appreciative of the efforts of  Colonel  Phillips who through thick and thin did not
lose his faith that the members  of the dental  department were capable of  handling the jaw and
face  cases, without interference from  ambitious, molesting outsiders who might  be assigned  to
some special  duty by some good angel in G. H.  Q.

     Such expressions as  those contained in the following letter made the work of the members of
the department, extremely pleasant:

Pvt.  F. Jagger, 41807
1st East Yorks Reg.
78 Park Grove,  Barnsley.
                                                                         4th Oct.  1918.
     "Just a few lines to let you know I managed  to get across to Blighty when I  left Vittel.
We  went right  to the British hospital  at Le Havre  and  I was  sent to England a few days  later.
At present I am at home on an 8 weeks leave.   On  arrival  at Le Havre I  was examined and the
doctor told me that I had no bone union so that  is  how  I  managed to get,  across.   I  got  into
hospital in Manchester—was X-rayed  and  agai n told I had no union and I have again got splints
on my  jaws.    They are practically the  same as what I had on before only gold plated ones and
instead  of  being wired  together  I  have them cemented together  and  as  the  beds in our  hos-
pitals are  wanted  for the big convoys  of wounded I am as well at home.
72 
    I shall, of course, go back into hospital again just before Christmas.   I was  told that I
would never have a right strong union  so may have a  good chance of getting  my discharge (I
hope so).
    Of course had it  not been for the  good treatment  and  care I received at your hands I may
have been  "pushing up daisies" now somewhere in France and  I  cannot  thank you too much
for the treatment I received.  The hospital I am in (when there)  is for nothing but jaw cases
and I am sure it would interest you to  visit it.  I don't expect. I shall go over seas again and you
may be back in America before I am ready to."
    Shall  welcome  a  letter at your convenience, and regards.
                                             Yours  sincerely,
                                                                   F. Jagger."

    We simply want to report one case of a sample record of the  injuries of the face and jaws.
Surname
McKenzie
Hospital No.
   10343
Admitted from
Hospital Train
Given name         No.
 Thomas         566354
   Dental Case No.
         1225
   Hour & Date of Injury
       Oct. 9, 10 A. M.
Age Rank Co.	Reg. Corps.
20 Pte. A	77 FA
Hospital "A"	
Central Hospital	
Hour & Date of Adm.	Date of Evac.
Oct. 11, 11 P. M.	Nov. 18-18
Cause	
Shrapnel.	
Character of Injury—Gun shot wound
compound, comminuted fracture, asso-
ciated  with gun  shot  wound of right
cheek.
History and description of wound.
External wound right cheek about 6"  in length, was tightly sutured  when  patient entered  this
hospital.   Patient  was  septic.   Sutures  removed  and  drainage established.  Wound  involves
parotid gland.
Wounded  on Argonne Front.
73 
X-ray report.
Plate  shows a comminuted  fracture of the right mandible extending in the region of the canine
backward involving the entire mandible to and including the ramus.  One  large fragment in the
region of the bicuspids and first molar is markedly depressed  downward.  "R. E. S."
Special tissues injured.
7th Nerve.  Lower lobe, right parotid gland.
Treatment.
Inter-dental wiring and cast aluminum splints placed.
November 6, 1918, Plastic Operation.
    Fig.  No. 1.   Condition of patient on being admitted.
    Fig.  No. 2.   Condition of patient on reaching this country.
    Fig.  No. 3.   Condition of patient 1920.   Photo taken in Detroit.
    Fig.  No. 4.   Front view, same patient.
    This condition was  obtained without other interference than was given at Base Hospital No.
36 by the members of the Dental Staff.
                                              Bion R. East, Major D.  C, U. S.  A.

                                Base  Hospital No. 36
                        A.  P. O. No. 732.  American  E. F.
                                     Oct.  10, 1918
From:   Lt. R. A. Shankwiler, 1st Lt.  M. C. U. S.  A.
To:      Lt.-Col. Burt R. Shurly, C.  O. Base Hospital No. 36.
Subject:  Contagious Disease Report. Hospital A.
                        Mumps  ............611 or 64.05 per cent
                        Measles  ............ 23 or  2.41 per cent
                        Meningitis ......... 32 or  3.35 per cent
                        Scarlet fever.......20 or  2.09 per cent
                        Diphtheria .........238 or 24.94 per cent
                        Scabies  ............27 or  2.83 per cent
                        Chicken pox........  3 or   .31 per cent

                            Total...........954    99.98
    10,136 patients treated, of whom 954  were contagious, or percentage of 9.42%.
                                  HOSPITAL "A"
                                                   Men  Who  Have Worked In
                                                            Contagion
                                             Sgt. Carl Sitter
                                             Sgt. W. D. Schuyler
                                             Pvt. First Class Peter B. O'Neil
                                             Pvt. First Class Fred Wild
                                             Pvt. First Class James Griffith
                                             Pvt. First Class Alfred Hensell
                                             Pvt. Michael Dombroski
     Men  Who  Have  Worked  In
            Operating Room
Pvt. First Class Fred Wild
Pvt. First Class Florian Mack
Pvt. First Class Peter B. O'Neil
Sgt. W. D. Schuyler
74 
                                   Major Frank B. Walker.

                                    HOSPITAL "B"
         Base Hospital Number  Thirty-Six American E. F., A. P. O. 732
                                   SURGICAL SERVICE
                                                                        January 9, 1919.
                HE Surgical Service of Base Hospital 36  was  divided into  Head  and General
                 Surgery, and in conformity with the plan arranged in the Surgeon  General's
                 Office, a Head Hospital  was established in Hotel Central, known as "Hospital
                 A."   Wards and operating rooms in the building were set apart for skull frac-
                 tures, eye, ear,  nose and  throat cases, and for  those  requiring  oral and  dental
                 surgery.   That hospital  also received  much  of the overflow  of  the Medical
Cases from Hospital "E," as well as a large number of  surgical cases.
     The general surgical cases were divided among  Hotels Ceres,  Palace  and Sources, known
respectively as  Hospitals B, C, and D.   In all of those buildings special attention was  given  to
the equipment  for surgical  work, including baths, X-Ray equipment and operating rooms with all
the necessary paraphernalia, dressing  rooms, instruments and  dressings.  It should  be  noted,
however, that during the stress of the drives and  influenza epidemic  a large number  of  Med-
ical and  Gassed patients were admitted  to these hospitals.
    Following  out a plan which  was  found to be generally arranged in standard base  hospitals,
a special room  near the entrance  was fitted up as a receiving room. There  tub and shower  baths
were installed  for ambulatory patients who were able  to  use  them.  Orderlies assisted in un-
dressing  those  cases,  in bathing,  and  in redressing them with  pajamas, slippers  and bath robes.
Stretcher cases were  placed on long,  low and  narrow tables, undressed by orderlies and bathed
by nurses,  and  after being  redressed were  carried  through the hall to the X-Ray Laboratory.
75 
Hotel  Ceres, Hospital B, Detroit College of Medicine
                   Hospital.
    The X-Ray  Department  was unusually well equipped.  It had  at  its disposal a  standard
X-Ray table for plate  work,  with all the  necessary  appliances in  one  room,  a  Fluoroscopic
table with appliances for vertical  examination, and  in another room a dark room for developing
plates, and  an office provided with a large show case and a stereoscopic outfit for the examina-
tion of plates.
    In an  adjacent  operating room a Fluoroscopic  table was  designed and set up.
    After  X-Ray examination  of bone,  joint and  foreign  body  cases  all  new patients were
transferred  successively to the  operating rooms  at the end of the corridor  on the same floor.
Twelve  operating tables and  a  sufficient number of  smaller instrument and  dressing tables had
been provided for a great influx  of patients, but six tables for three teams in addition to the
Fluoroscope table served satisfactorily to meet the  needs of that hospital.
    In  those  three or  four operating rooms  amputations,  debridements, foreign  body removals,
drainage and dressings  were done according to the  necessities  of the cases which were then as-
signed and  taken to the several  wards.
    Hotel  Ceres having been  built for summer resort business,  was partitioned  into 187 rooms.
There were six  floors  above the basement called  respectively Wards A, B, C, D, E and F.  In
each ward separate  rooms were set apart as  the  ward surgeon's office and dressing  room, a diet
kitchen,  a  nurses' room and  a  lounging  room for  patients.   Ambulatory cases  were examined
and redressed in the dressing room.  Trays were prepared in the diet  kitchen  for all  bed pa-
tients.   Medicines were prepared  and chart work done in  the  nurses room.  The lounging rooms
were used  by ambulatory cases  for reading, writing,  and  smoking, and playing of games,  and
served to keep patients  out of the corridors.  The immense kitchen in the basement of the Grand
Hotel was put at the disposal of  Hospital B and the butcher shop for the Unit was also com-
modiously located there.
    After  having cared  for  the first American soldier wounded  on the American  front in Al-
sace,  handled hundreds of patients daily  during the big drives, and brought back to health and
strength  the first received  American prisoner patients from a hospital in Germany, Base Hospital
36 is  preparing to return to the United States.
76 
Capt. James D. Matthews.                         Capt. Carlton Russell.
    On November 2,  1917,  Corporal Homer  Givens,  torn  by grenade  fragments and  left for
dead by the Germans in their first raid on the  American  lines, was brought to Base Hospital 36
and treated there until April 6, when he went to the interior.  During the last month 164 allied
and American prisoners of war were received  from the  Trier Prison Hospital in Germany, the
first German Prison Hospital to be turned over to the  American  forces after  the  signing of the
Armistice.
    Base  Hospital  36,  from Detroit, Michigan, was the third Base Hospital to receive patients in
the area of the  American front, in Alsace-Lorraine.  In  midwinter of  1917,  the organization,
known as the Shurly Unit, after its  organizer  and  commander,   Lieutenant  Colonel  Burt  R.
Shurly, took over five summer hotels in the famous Lorraine "City  of  Waters,"  Vittel.  With
meager supplies and under great difficulties, preparations were made to receive 500 patients with-
in three weeks.
    All the winter of 1917  Base 36  cared for the  sick and prepared by all necessary construc-
tive surgery the  soldiers who were fast assembling in  France   for  the  great  American  effort.
Before the Amex forces had begun concerted battle with the enemy,  French  soldiers  from the
Verdun and Lorraine fronts and English  wounded from Champagne  were  cared  for  in  two
of the largest hospitals, 1,464 Allied patients  being received at the Base.
    During the big German  push  at  Chateau-Thierry and  during the  great  American  counter
drives at  St.  Mihiel  and in the Argonne, Vittel was  used  as an Evacuation  Center, as many as
six trains arriving in a day  to the Center hospitals, with convoys, evacuation trains removing the
patients after treatment.  Base 36, with  four surgical and  one  medical  hospital, had capacity
for 3,000 patients  and  for considerable  time  the corridors  were lined with cots.
    Base  Hospital 36 received by  train  and ambulance  most of the first cases  of  American
gassed in  the region of Baccarat, where  the Germans  on November  10, 1917, launched a heavy
77 
Capt. R. U. Adams.                               Lt.  Leo J. Stafford.
gas attack.   Up to December 1, 1918, 982 gas cases  were admitted  to  the  Base.  A system  of
graduated exercise was instituted  for these patients  with excellent results, 71%  of  them return-
ing to duty immediately.
     Fifteen  thousand  and ninety-seven  patients were  handled at this  Base  from  December 8,
1917, to  December  8,  1918.  In Hospital A, which  had 31.5% of all these cases, the death rate
was .0031, a slightly better average than one death  in every 300  patients.   In the   Spanish-
American War there were 20,000 cases  of  typhoid fever, 3,000  of which died.  In the recently
completed year at Base  Hospital  36,  there were discovered  two  cases  of  typhoid  and one  of
paratyphoid  fever, the death  of  only one soldier out of  more  than 15,000  being due to this
former scourge.
     In the Vittel Hospital  Center there are  excellently appointed  club buildings   for  officers,
nurses and enlisted men,  all provided for and severally  equipped  by  the American  Red  Cross.
The Officers  Club is situated in a beautiful villa hidden among the  trees, and the  Nurses' Club,
accommodating 200 nurses, and  the Enlisted Men's Hut are considered the finest of their type in
France.
    Vittel is admirably  situated for  a  Base  Hospital,  the American Front   proper of  Alsace
and  Lorraine, lying within a radius of  50  to 60 miles and  easily  accessible by ambulance  or
hospital  train.  The  town, which has long  been famous as a French resort for mineral springs,
was  named after  the  Roman Emperor,  Vitellius, and even in that older  day its springs were used,
remains  of Roman baths, a statue of  Venus  and tripods  used for burning  incense before that
deity  being found near the present springs.   Vittel was the home of Joan Theirselin, god-mother
of Joan-of-Arc.
    A baseball field, a golf course, tennis courts and a beautifully laid out park were at all times
open to the American  soldiers convalescent at Vittel,  and did  much to mitigate for them the hor-
78 
*SP*


%#i «M»

                                    Personnel of  Hospital B.

rors of that war which subsided into a far-off but never-ceasing rumble.  Hot shower  and tub
baths  in the Vittel Bath Establishment were conducted  by  the  Red  Cross,  who  supervised the
recreations of the soldiers,  provided  them entertainments and "movies" in the Casino and  saw
that they  wanted for  nothing.  Fresh  vegetables  and meat were  provided by  the Red  Cross
100-acre  farm.  Band concerts  and boxing matches were held in the park during the summer.
    The  spontaneous expression of what  not only Base Hospital 36 but all the American Base
Hospitals  meant to the American wounded  and broken in battle is perhaps  given in this rhyme,
written by Richard  Scanlon, Co. A, 101 Reg., Rainbow  Division, one of the first patients  from
the concentration camps at  Neuf chateau:
The  place,  oh, just Base 36,
 The Building they call B;
Regulations call it a Hospital,
  It's a grand  hotel to me.
Yes, somehow  we all  like this  place,
  It's been  just like a home.
The  only pleasure we  don't have,
  Is beer with all its foam.
Well, if the worst comes to the worst,
  We'll all  be  back some day,
Perhaps we may get wounded,
  When the battle's in full sway.
Good-bye  to  beds and real white sheets,
  Good feeds, baths and pajamas,
We don't  have such things in army life,
  But, then, they do not harm us.
Good-bye  to  the fond nurses,
  Who  handle us like babies,
We may never see  your  faces again;
  I guess  it's "Good night, ladies."
We're going  after "Boche"
  The same as we did the "Spicks,"
And if  ever  I get wounded
  Take  me back to  "36."
70 
    Opposite  the  receiving room  on the first  floor were the first sergeant's office and the Phar-
macy.  Facing the main stairway was  the Chief Surgeon's office and farther along the east and
west corridor  was the property sergeant's office and chief supply room.
    Two  operating rooms, nurses' work room and sterilizing rooms were also set up in the west
wing of  the building,  being  used principally  for the operative  cases on the  upper  floors.  On
the opening of the Hospital in January, 1918, 350 beds  were reported.   Later  more beds  and
cots were secured and  the capacity  of Hospital "B" was reported officially as 563.  But in the
Chateau Thierry  drive the corridors were  also crowded  to  a full  600.  In  the fall  the  reserve
portion of the north wing had been leased  and 200 more regulation hospital  beds provided.  At
this time  the huts and  tents  of the  Convalescent Camp on the Red  Cross  Farm were being set
up, and one tent was located  on the lawn behind the Ceres building.  100  more beds were de-
livered and  the maximum capacity of  Hospital B was increased to 910 beds.
    At  the  outset  the  clinical laboratory  of  the unit was  set up on the first floor of the Ceres
Hotel,  opposite  the  X-Ray  Laboratory.   Later, under the  supervision of  Colonel Siler, the
clinical laboratory was established in the same building,  but moved from the  first  floor  to the
second floor, where it occupied eight rooms.
    At  first all ambulatory patients  were fed in a large dining room but when  the hospital be-
came overcrowded  in July, the  dining room tables were moved to rooms  in the basement and
the regular dining room was converted into Ward G. It was initiated by the  reception of  99 gas
cases placed on French "Service de  Sante" cots.  After the rush was over, 61 regulation Army
beds were substituted.
    When the Hotel Ceres was leased  as  one of the buildings for use of Base Hospital No. 36,
the Commanding Officer put it in charge of Major Frank  B. Walker as Chief  Surgeon.  The
other officers assigned were Captain Herbert  E. Randall and  Lieutenants  George  P.  Raynale,
Ross U.  Adams,  and Leo  J. Stafford,  who were placed in charge of wards "A," "B," "C" and
"D," respectively.
    In accordance with plans outlined by Major Goldthwaite, the staff was disorganized. Captain
Randall and Lieutenant George P. Raynale were detached and detailed elsewhere.  Lieutenant
Adams was also  detached, but reinstated immediately.   Captain  James  D. Matthews, who had
been on  duty  at  Hospital  "D," and Captain Carlton R. Metcalf,  who  had been in Orthopedic
Service  in England, were assigned to duty in Hospital  "B" and placed in charge of wards "A"
and "B."  A few days later Lieutenant Jelks, who had also done service in England, was intro-
duced by  Major Goldthwaite and  placed in charge of ward "E." Lieutenant  Grimes, a sanitary
officer, was  also brought in to assist in  the treatment of  orthopedic  cases.  Captains Brennan,
Langworth and Lieutenant Williams were  also detailed to Hospital "B" from Base Hospital Unit
23  by Major Rukke for special duty.
Officers' Morning Conference, Hospital B.              Dining Room of Ceres Hotel in Peace Time.
80 
Large Surgical  Ward, Hospital B, Opened with og
               Gassed Soldiers.
     March  18th, 1918, Major Goldthwaite  called and stated that the plans to make of  Hospital
"B" an exclusive bone and joint hospital  for the advance  section would not  be carried  out.
Accordingly  the officers  detailed  from  Unit 23 were  recalled  and  Lieutenant Grimes  also
took leave.   March 29th,  1918,  Lieutenant  Cheney, who also had done service in England, was
detailed to the hospital.  April 15th, 1918,  Captain Ely reported to Hospital "B" for duty, but
left  the next day and did  not report again.   April 28th,  1918,  Lieutenants Stafford and  Jelks
were detached  and ordered  to Field Service  and Lieutenant Cheney was ordered  to  Hospital
"C."  In  May,  Captain Metcalf was permanently  detached  from Hospital  "B,"  and  Captain
Cilley reported  for duty, and was put  in charge of  ward "B."  After several  weeks'  absence,
Lieutenant Stafford returned  for duty, but left again with Surgical Team No. 27, for work in an
Evacuation Hospital.   Captain Cilley was  also detached.  Lieutenant Sucha reported and was as-
signed to  ward  "B."  Lieutenants Burnstien  and McKinney were  also  referred to Hospital  "B"
for a few weeks' service.   Lieutenant Schriver was also on  duty for two weeks.
     When the  St. Mihiel drive was on and  many pre-operatives were received, the staff consisted
of the Chief Surgeon,  Captain Matthews, Lieutenant Adams and Lieutenant McKinney.  These
officers  were assisted by Lieutenant  Font of  the Laboratory  Department for  two  days   and
operated six tables and handled a large number of  cases.  The  first  day,  one  hundred  and
twelve patients  passed  through their hands.  On the  following  day, a  surgical  team consisting
of Major Edwin F.  Dean,  Capt. A. C. Arnette and Lieutenant Wolf were assigned  to  Hos-
pital "B"  for two weeks, and placed  in charge of Wards  "B," "D" and "E."  After the depar-
ture of  the surgical team, Captain Russel was transferred from  Hospital  "C" to  Hospital  "B"
and Lieut. Stafford returned  from service at the  front.
     In  November,  upon the  evacuation  of all patients from  Hospital "C," Lieut. Ira C. Downer
and Lieut. William Woolston were transferred from that  hospital to  Hospital "B" and  assigned
to Wards  "D"  and  "A."  Major Fay followed and was assigned to Ward "B."   January 3rd,
Lieut. Claude B. Gaines was relieved from duty at Hospital "E" and took up duties of Medical
Officer of Command  at Hospital "B,"  reporting  to Chief Surgeon.
    In  the organization of Hospital "B," Mrs. Betsey Harris, Chief Nurse of the Unit, assigned
Miss J.  W.  Valentine as  Head Nurse.  After serving in that capacity  for several  months she
81 
was succeeded by Miss Florence Cornes,  both  of  whom rendered  excellent service and were as-
sisted by details from the Nursing Corps.  Miss  Cornes was at first put in charge of the operat-
ing rooms and  organized and equipped that branch of the  work in a very satisfactory manner.
During the rush period she was succeeded by Miss Martha  Murphy and assisted by  Miss Ethel
Davison.  Donald  Sessions was First  Top  Sergeant  of  Hospital "B," and  was succeeded by
Clarence Otter,  March 10th,  1918.   Vance Buchanan was Night  Sergeant.   Arthur L. Peterson
was Property Sergeant.   William Sewell  was Mess  Sergeant.  Walter McGillicuddy and  Carl
Hatch were operating room assistants.   Bert Myring and later Anthony Aukstikalnis, were cooks.
The other  enlisted  personnel:
     Smith, Frank                              Wallace, Jack  F.
     Genthe, Walter                            Campbell, Bruce
     Weaver, Earl                              Ireland, Leslie
     Foster, William D.                         Ross,  Edward
     Hunt, Stanley D.                          Robinson, Joseph
    Hospital "B" received its first consignment of  patients on January  13, 1918.  From that date
until December  8, 1918,  there were  received and cared for a total of  3879 cases  classified as
follows:

                         HOSPITAL "B"—CASES ADMITTED
        Appendicitis .......................................................    '"
        Acute Gastritis   ....................................................  166
        Abscess ...........................................................    ^2
        Arthritis..........................................................    33
        Bronchitis.........................................................  166
        Dysentery,  of various kinds  .........................................  108
        Empyema  .........................................................    H
        Flat Foot..........................................................    84
        Absorption of Deleterious Gas  .......................................   195
        Frost Bite
        Trench  Foot ......................................................   109
        Duodenal  Ulcer ...................................................    2
        Gastric  Ulcer ......................................................    0
        Gas Infection  .....................................................    4
        Fracture,  Simple, Skull .............................................     1
                  Compound,  Skull  ..................:......................     3
                  Simple, Coccyx  ...........................................     1
                   Upper Extremity.........................................   890
        G. S. W.   Lower  Extremity .......................................   891
                   Trunk  ..................................................   179
         Epididymitis
        Orchitis     Venereal .............................................     4
         Hernia   Inguinal  .................................................    79
                  Femoral.................................................     1
         Influenza  ..........................................................   144
         Intestinal Perforation Following Typhoid .............................     0

                                             82 
Fractured Skull.
Subdural Clots Showing.
Incision of Dura; Clot Removal.
Malignancy   Sarcoma
Wound Closed.
Carcinoma
Neurosis  .
Pneumonia
              As cause of admission ....
              Following operation.......
Peritonitis, following operation or injury
Skull Injuries  ........................
Scabies   ..............................
                                             .........................     2
                                             ..............,..........     1
                                             .........................    13
                                             .........................     0
                                             .........................    36
                                             .........................     0
                                             .........................     5
                                             .........................     7
Scalp Injuries  .....................................................    10
Shell Shock........................................................     0
Synovitis, Knee, Tendo-Achilles......................................    13
                                             .........................   131
                                             .........................     9
                                             ..........................  232
                                             .........................     2
                                             .........................    11
                                             .........................    35
                                             .........................    46
Sprains  .........................................................
Spondylitis  ......................................................
Traumatism, Civil ...............................................
Undescended Testicle ............................................
Varicocele  .......................................................
Venereal  .........................................................
Miscellaneous  ....................................................
Total Number of Cases  ............................................. 3879
Total Number of Deaths............................................   23
83 
Trephining  Skull for Shrapnel.
Fluoroscopic Removal of Shrapnel.
                            HOSPITAL "B"—OPERATIONS
    The operative work of Hospital B has been done under some difficulties due to the lack of
desirable instruments and sterilizing equipment, and  to  lack  of  sufficient personnel,  including
officers, nurses and men.  However, the results have been  satisfactorily  successful.

            The work of the operating rooms has  been  tabulated and is  as follows:

            Total number of  amputations  .....................................  13
        Appendectomy......................................................  50
        Aspiration of Pleural  Cavity..........................................    4
        Abscess, Incision, and Drainage.......................................  57
        Blood Transfusion  ..................................................    7
        Castration  (unilateral)  ..............................................    1
        Circumcisions  .......................................................  23
        Curretment of Sinus.................................................  11
        Cystostomy  .........................................................    1
        Debridement with Drainage—Carrel Tubes.............................. 531
        Decompression or Trephine  ...........................................    3
        Enterostomy   ........................................................    \
        Epididimectomy .....................................................    7
Stock Room, Hospital B.
Recreation  Rooi
84 
                First American Soldier Wounded by Exploding Grenade
                        on the American, Front  in Alsace.

Excision of Nerve Bulb..............................................    1
Fracture Reduction (with anesthetic)  ..................................   85
Foreign Body Removal ............................................... 456
Gastroenteros tomy  ...................................................    1
Hallux Valgus Operation .............................................    4
Hemorrhoidectomy   .................................................   24
Herniotomy  ........................................................   44
Hysterectomy .......................................................    1
Lane Plate to Tibia..................................................    1
Ligation—following secondary hemorrhage .............................    5
Neosalvarsan  Intravenously  ...........................................   17
Ovariotomy  .........................................................    1
Plaster  Casts .......................................................   26
Resection of Ganglions  ..............................................    1
Resection of Toenail  .................................................    3
■j Bi^'.TT	£	ll	
	' JBf* *niiM	ftnjfl	f lilil
Operating Room, Hospital B.
The Same.
85 
      Dressing Wounds.                            Visiting Soldier with Amputated Leg.
Removal of Glands..................................................    2
Removal of Cysts ...................................................    5
Rib  Resection  ......................................................    7
Specimen Removed  ..................................................    2
Spinal Puncture  ....................................................    4
Tonsillectomy .......................................................    1
Undescended Testicle Operation .......................................    2
Urethrotomy ........................................................    1
Variocotomy ........................................................   31
Wound Closure:
     Primary  .......................................................    6
     Secondary ......................................................   82
Operating Room  Dressings...........................................  108
Miscellaneous .......................................................   55
Deaths Following Operations  .........................................   23
Total Number of  Operations..........................................1688
Fluoroscopic Removal of Machine Gun Bullet from Hip.
86 
Receiving Room, Hospital B.
Dressing Wounds.
Miss Olson III Xmas, 1918.
Flat Feet.
Tony and Aids, Kitchen,  Hospital  B.
George Discher  in His Shop,  Hospital B.
87 
Another Viezv  of  Officers^ Nurses and Soldiers, Hospital  B. 
Major Channing W. Barrett.
                                      HOSPITAL "C"
                           Base Hospital No. 36, American  E.  F.
                                   Surgical  Service
    The building known as Hospital C, and quite generally  known as  the  "Palace," was one of
the five large buildings which housed the patients of  Base Hospital No. 36.  It was well located
on the hill with a beautiful and wholesome outlook  in  every direction.  Up  to the  time of  our
taking it over, it was being used for a French Military Hospital, and some rooms were reserved by
the French for some weeks afterward. An inspection  of this building  before it  was taken over
by our authorities showed it to have possibilities, and yet it fell far  short of  presenting satisfactory
conditions for a hospital.  The construction intended it for a summer  hotel, and it was lacking
in heating facilities.   Four years of war-time neglect had left it sadly in need of  repairs. Floors
were badly worn, iron bannisters falling apart, glass broken, sinks  and water closets in bad con-
dition, with walls well  smeared with excretory products.  This building was well supplied with
bath tubs, some of them elegant, and many in a  fair state of repair.  Notwithstanding  the inade-
quate heating plant  and  the coal shortage, these baths proved a blessing to our patients, and an
oft-sought  comfort  to the unit and visiting members  of the A. E. F.  It was found  that appli-
cation, industry, ingenuity  and a moderate amount of expense would go a long way in  making up
for the shortcomings of  a  building.
    Five medical officers, one-fifth of the hospital personnel and of the nursing  force, were  as-
signed to  Hospital  C, and the highest commendation is  due all for the enthusiasm and energy
with which they undertook to  transform  this into a practical working unit for the care of sick and
wounded soldiers.   The  assignment of officers and men proved  to  be bonafide and as far as possi-
ble remained  intact during  the existence of the hospital.  The  assignment  of  nurses   was  less
stable, they being in some  instances assigned or withdrawn  for punitive   purposes.   This  plan
threatened the integrity of  the operating room force and an adjustment was necessary.
89 
Hotel Palace, Hospital C. Alexander I, Lczvis Hospital.
    The assignment of officers was as follows:
           Major Channing W.  Barrett.
           Capt. George Fay (later promoted to rank of Major).
           Lieut.  F.  Lee Stone  (later promoted  to rank of Capt.).
           Lieut.  Ira  Downer.
           Lieut. William Woolston.
           Capt. Russell  (later, temporarily).
           Capt. Harris (later, temporarily).
    The ranking  officer of this  hospital appreciated greatly the other assignments, and especially
the fact that they remained intact except for  temporary duty elsewhere.
    Miss Agnes Reid, of  Chicago, was assigned  the  duty as  head nurse, and  held  this position
during  the greater part of  the life of the hospital, conducting  the nursing with  enthusiasm and
efficiency.  To  mention those whose devotion  to our unit and to the sick or  wounded soldiers,
would be to mention practically all, and I trust they will receive mention in the  proper place.  The
work  of Miss Olsen as anaesthetist and  Miss Gilmore  in the operating  room helped particularly
in our operating team work.  I wish also to commend the  work of our head nurses.  I must not
in this connection forget the splendid sacrifices of  Miss Tonner and Miss Howard during the trying
weeks at the Campagne and Chateau Thierry fronts.
    Sergt. Clarence Otter was in charge of the  personnel at the opening of the hospital and con-
ducted  the work with  such dignity and  efficiency that he was called to Hospital B, Sergt. Sessions
being assigned to Hospital  C, whose work was  characterized by exactness and enthusiasm.  Later,
when  he was put upon outside work this work fell to the quiet, likeable leadership of Sergt. William
E. Honey.
    The work of the hospital would not be visualized without  recalling  the  ever-present, pains-
taking and congenial Corporal Ralph Wheeler,  of the  office force.  John Marks, of the operating
room, should be mentioned for loyal,  faithful and  efficient  work.  Beach and   Metcalf's  faithful
work  under trying conditions  at the front ever stands out as a  pleasant memory.   I trust at this
time it will not depreciate the work of others if we say that as a quiet, ready, willing specimen  of
soldierly bearing, Harry Carlin stands out as an example.
on 
Major George E. Fay.                              Capt. Fred Lee Stone.
    Hospital C opened to receive a large number  of  sick  from the 42nd Division  on Decem-
ber 12th,  1917—among whom were a large number from Alabama, men conquered  by the cli-
matic conditions of the severe  fall and winter of '17  in France.  Some of them looked like poor
soldier material.   A  few months later, in the Chalon and Chateau Thierry sectors we met some
of these same men, and they seemed to have developed  and  had proven themselves the very
devils of fighters.
    Late in January, 1918, Hospital C was  evacuated of American  soldiers  to prepare for the
reception of the French and other Allies.  A convoy of French arrived February 12th, 1918, and
were particularly welcome, as we had been marking time for three weeks, and furthermore, it. gave
us an  opportunity of coming in contact with the French officers  and  men.   We found that the
French soldier, while presenting some peculiar traits, had learned to  care  for himself better than
had the American soldier, and required much less nursing.  The French officers in charge, Capt.
Gazet and  Sergt. Emil  Breau, will be remembered by all  as  thorough gentlemen.  The French
officers who were patients on  July 4th remembered our  Independence  Day by a celebration and
presentation of a beautiful and magnificent floral  piece  and a presentation speech, written and
beautifully  decorated with the American and French colors.
    In July, when  the  American forces  became active, our doors were again opened  to the
American  soldiers,  and from then  until  after the Armistice we were kept  very busy.
    As the fall offensive  drew apace  we  were notified to prepare  for semi-evacuation hos-
pital work so that more operating room  space was needed on the first  floor.  To this end
the round   salle a  manger was  converted into an operating room, accommodating 8 oper-
ating tables  with an abundance of working space  making  one of the  best operating rooms
seen in France.
91 
Lt. Wm. H. Woolston.                            Lt. Ira G. Downer.
    We had as patients,  2,304 Americans  with 22 deaths,  149 British with 2 deaths,  522
French  with 3  deaths and 14 civilians with 5 deaths.  The  latter large death  rate was ac-
counted for  by the moribund condition of some  patients  brought to the  hospital.   Our
first operation  was upon a French captain's wife who had  been previously operated  upon
by  a  French Army surgeon and  her condition pronounced inoperable and hopeless.  Among
the early cases were  several gastro-enterostomies  for  obstructive ulcers  which had  taken
on  new activity by reason of the hardships and irregularities of army life  and diet.  Con-
trary to the regular  army  physicians' conception, these men returned to active duty at the
front.
    An unusual case was that of pedicled  Mullerian cyst  projecting- into  the sac of  the
tunica albuginia and  greatly swollen by reason of twisted  pedicle.   Our injured men pre-
sented  several  interesting cases of  foreign body in the brain with very satisfactory termina-
tions.   I wish  to  record the operation of  plastic operation  of the levator ani  muscle for a
case of rectal  herniation  (rectal  prolapse).  These with  plastic operations upon  the feet,
hands and knees were of  greatest interest.
    I may  say that the most  notable thing about  our work was the careful, conscientious,
consistent  work of my junior officers, aided by the nurses and orderlies.
    Our force was decidedly  weakened at times  by officers being  sent  on detached duty,
but efforts  were made to  make good this  loss  by  temporary  assignments.   Very early the
commanding officer of Hospital "C" and Lieut. Stone (later  Capt.) were sent up with the
English.   Soon after, Capt. Fay  (later Major)  was sent  on  like  service.   This  served
decidedly to broaden one's vision  and army  experience.  Lieuts. Downer and Woolston were
early assigned to  duty with  the 42nd Division at  Vaucouleurs.   Later the  commanding
officer was on duty  at Evacuation  Hospital No. 1, and Lieuts. Stone, Downer and Wools-
ton were on duty with the 32nd  Division on  the southern end of the Western Front   Dur-
92 
ing the months of  July  and August our surgical team, consisting of Major Channing W.
Barrett, Lieut.  F. Lee Stone,  Lieut. Wm.  Woolston; nurses, Miss Howard and Miss Ton-
ner and orderlies Wm.  Beech  and  Russell  Metcalf were  at the  Chalon and  Chateau
Thierry Fronts.  As  officer in charge of  this team I would say that  I think I saw no team
at the  front whose  commanding officer received the same consistent, intelligent and untiring
support from the members of  his team.
    In  turning a rundown  summer hotel  into a workable army hospital many things are
necessary that  Uncle Sam cannot furnish, or can only  after long delay.  Those of us at
Hospital "C"  and the quarter master will remember the whole spring, summer and fall's
effort  to get a shower bath on the first floor.  It and the armistice  arrived almost simul-
taneously.
    There  were those who drew upon their own pocket for needed supplies.   We  are in-
debted  to  Lieut. Col. Shurly  for  some  things he furnished from a fund.   I wish  here to
pay tribute to Friends of Chicago who through  a benefit made it possible for us  to have
a  fund for the purchase  of  needed articles and of delicacies for the sick.  We owe thanks
to headquarters and  to Lieut. Col. Phillips and Lieut. Col. Shurly for their efforts in Keep-
ing Base Hospital  No. 36 and its different units  so nearly intact.
                                                        Channing W. Barrett,
                                                          Major M.  R.  C, U. S. A.

                   Operations  Performed at Hospital "C"
                         Dec.  14, 1917-Nov.  20,  1918
Debridement  ...................... 192
Debridement and Removal of FB. . . 124
Removal of FB only................  62
Debridement and closure.............  31
Secondary closures  .................  43
Hernia ............................  ?1
Appendectomy .....................  38
Hemorrhoidectomy  ...............• •  32
Cellulitis  ..........................  38
Varicocele  ........................    '
Varicose  veins .....................   4
Resection of rib  ...................   4
Amputations  ......................  1°
Finger ..
Toe  .....
Thigh  ...
Leg  .....
Arm---
Hip  joint
Post operative adhesions............   3
Hysterectomy .....................    2
Oophorectomy  .....................    1
Dilation and curettage..............    1
Gastro-enterostomy  .................    4
Osteomyelitis ......................    7
Tumors, removal of................    3
    Clavicle ....................
    Cheek  .....................
    Thigh  .....................
Reduction of fractures under anaesthetic
    Femur .....................
    BB leg ....................
Laparotomy for GSW abdomen......    1
Fracture of olecrenon (wiring of same)   1
Enucleation of eye.................    2
Hydrocele.........................   5
Circumcision ......................   4
Undescended testicle ................    1
Orchectomy .......................    2
Floating cartilage  of  knee...........    3
93 
Intestinal  obstruction  ...............    2
Cholelithisias ......................    1
Goitre  ............................    1
Removal of Sesamoid bone..........    1
Bunions  ...........................    1
Tuberculosis peritonitis  .............    1
Removal of sebaceous cyst..........    1
Miscellaneous surgical  ..............    6

     Total Operations...............  717
Total cases handled ................2989
Total Medical  .....................  645
Total Surgical  .....................2344
Civilians  ..........................   14
British  ............................  149
French, Italian  ....................  522
Americans  ........................2304
American wounded .................1773
American gassed ...................   97
American medical ..................  412
Total No. G. S. W.................2065
     Head ..................... 135
     Neck.....................  37
     Thorax ...................  83
     Abdomen.................  31
     Right Shoulder............  82
     Left Shoulder.............  68
     Right Arm................  84
     Left Arm  ................. 141
     Right Forearm  ............  51
     Left Forearm..............  64
     Right Thigh ............... 142
     Left Thigh ................ 152
     Buttocks ..................  40
     Right Knee  ...............  42
     Left Knee  ................  37
     Right Leg  ................ 173
    Left Leg ..................  183
    Right Foot  ................   40
    Left Foot .................   65
    Right Hand ...............   95
    Left Hand  ................  143
    Spine  .....................    4
    Self-inflicted ..............    3
Wounds by shrapnel ...............1011
Wounds by bullet  ..................  506
Multiple  wounds ...................  202
Fractures,  simple ..................   41
Fractures, compound ...............  303
    Hand  .....................  113
    Forearm ..................   36
    Arm  ......................   37
    Thigh ....................   20
    Leg  ......................   47
    Foot......................   50
Total Disease .....................  313
    Influenza .................   38
    Pneumonia................   17
    Rheumatism ...............   24
    Bronchitis  .............____   77
    Miscellaneous  .............  157
Other Surgical Conditions  ..........  474
    Traumatisms ..............  161
    Herniae  ...................   45
    Appendicitis ...............   47
    Hemorrhoids ..............   43
    Miscellaneous  ..............  178
Amputations .......................   11
Total Died........................   33
    G. S. W...................   20
    Pneumonia................    5
    Peritonitis   ................    g
    Appendicitis...............    1
    Hernia, strangulated ........    1
94 
Miss Abramson—Miss Meyers
Major Albert E. Harris.
French 340 Mm Gun.
Mme.  Goujot
Convoy Train and Ambulance.
95 
                 Lt. Col. Henry C. Berry

                    HOSPITAL "D"
  Base  Hospital No. 36 A.  E.  F. Surgical  Service

OSPITAL "D," Macomb County Hospital, or as it was more generally known, the
 Des Sources, was taken over from the  French on Dec.  20th, 1917.  The build-
 ing before the war was a large summer hotel, used  for the accommodation of
 visitors, who  came to Vittel for the baths  and  water,  for which the town  is
 famous.  The building had been used, however, by the French  as  a military
 hospital during the past three years.
                    The staff consisted of:  Major  Henry  G.  Berry,  Mount  Clemens,  Mich.,
Commanding; Capt. Arthur J. Warren, Mount Clemens, Mich.; Capt. Geo. P. Sackrider, Owosso,
Mich.; and  Lt. A.  Arthur McArthur, Lapeer.  Mich.

    On March 17th, 1918, Capt. Geo. P. Raynale,  Birmingham, Mich., was  transferred from
the staff of Hospital "B" to the staff of this  hospital, and retained in that capacity until the build-
ing was closed.

    The Nurses were in charge of Miss Aurel Baker, who acted as chief nurse during the entire
period of  operation.

    Immediately after taking over the building from- the French,  we were confronted by the diffi-
culties of  remodelling, cleaning, and  furnishing  the  place suitable for a hospital capacity of  600
patients.   This  was no small task when one  considers the circumstances under which we labored,
namely: shortage of labor, scarcity of supplies, and the general run-down condition of the building.
96 
Hotel Des Sources, Hospital D, Macomb County  Hospital
One of  the greater difficulties contended with was the heating  of  a large building  designed for
summer use only.  This was practically  accomplished  by the use  of  thirty-five  small  French
stoves, placed in the halls and corridors, with flues for the most part running out of  the windows.
On account of  the poor grade of soft coal which was available, it demanded the constant atten-
tion of two men day and night to stoke these fires.   Nearly all these difficulties were eventually
overcome.
    At  the time of opening we were assigned to care for French and British patients, continuing
to act in that capacity until the later part of July, when the great  numbers of our own wounded
made it necessary to take care of  Americans exclusively.
    The general plan of the hospital was as follows: The patients being received in a large room
at the rear of the building, they were first given hot soup or coffee, undressed, bathed, deloused
and were then admitted to  a large receiving ward, where  they  were put to  bed and examined.
From this place the soldiers were distributed to the  various  wards.   Those  needing immediate
operation were  taken  directly  to the operating rooms.  In connection with  the receiving  room
was a "shock ward,"  where those  more seriously wounded could be given immediate attention.
    The wards were, for the most part,  small  rooms  such as  usually  exist in a hotel, the
entire four floors of  the building being utilized.   In  each  room were  placed  from  two to
six beds according to  its capacity, and during the large military offensives cots were placed
along the  corridors  and in every  available  corner.
    On each floor was a dressing  room  for the  accommodation of the  ward  surgeon in
dressing the ambulatory  cases.   Also  minor operations not requiring general anesthesia,
were performed  here.   It was a unique  sight to  see, during the dressing hours, the cos-
mopolitan  line of wounded,  waiting in the corridors for  their dressings to  be changed.
Clad in the nondescript uniforms of all the  allied  nations,  bandaged in  every  conceivable
place—some with canes  and  some  with  crutches—men of all nations, from the slant eyed
Indo-Chinese   and black  skinned  native  of Central  Africa,  to the  picturesque Algerian
and the jaunty poilus and blue  devils of France.  At  times we had under our  care soldiers
from  Madagascar, Senegal, Morocco, Algeria, Italy,  Russia,  Poland, Australia,  Canada,
France, the British Isles and America.
97 
Capt. Arthur J. Warren.                          Capt. George P. Sackrider.
    There was  a small  diet kitchen on each floor, and the food after being prepared in the
commodious hotel kitchen in the  basement, was sent to these rooms, where it was kept hot,
while being served  to the  patients.   Special diets for the more seriously sick and wounded
were  prepared in the ward  kitchen.  It was amusing to  us  Americans to  see with  what
ferocity  the French  patients attacked  the  white bread, it being the first they had seen for
three years.
    The operating rooms were on the  first and  second floors—the  one on  the first floor
directly off the admitting ward was a large room, in which  were installed eight  operating
tables, and used in rush times only.  On the second floor were three small  operating rooms,
with one table each.  It would probably be somewhat  amusing to a civilian doctor, from
one of our large hospitals in America, to inspect our operating room equipment.  He would
doubtless consider  our  home-made tables rather crude, and our other appointments, unlike
the elaborate armamentarium to which he was accustomed at home.   But with  all, we feel
that our end  results  would  compare  favorably with those of civilian surgery which had been
performed under the most favorable circumstances.
    We  had also a very excellent  and satisfactory X-ray equipment installed, consisting
of a large transformer,  with  heavy tube stand, for making radiographic plates, and in an
adjoining room,  which  might be darkened, a fleuroscopic table.  This room was designed
especially to facilitate operating,  which might be done directly under the  ray,  and  was
found highly  useful hi  reducing  difficult fractures and removing  the more  elusive bullets
and bits of shell fragments.  Major  A. B.  Smith and Capt. R. E. Scrafford were  in charge
of this department.
98 
Capt. George P. Raynale.                           Lt. Arthur McArthur.
    Our first patients were  admitted  on March 5th, 1918, when we received fifty-two French
wounded from  the  Verdun  sector.   From this date convoys of patients continued to arrive,
from time to time,  and we were never without from  two to six  hundred wounded  soldiers
under our care.

    On April 28th, Lt.  McArthur  was detached for temporary service as battalion  surgeon
for  the 125th Infantry, where he served for two and one-half months on  the Alsatian front,
returning July 12th, 1918.

    Up until June  1, 1918,  our patients had  been exclusively French and French colonials,
but on this date we received a train load of wounded British—our first English speaking
patients.  The poor chaps had been fighting against heavy  odds,  with almost constant de-
feat, since  the  onset of  the big German drive, which  began March 21st.  They had  been
moved supposedly  for  a  rest from  the district of  Mount Kemmel,  where the fighting had
been most  severe and  discouraging, to what  was considered to be a quiet sector, that part
of the  line  between Soissons and Rheims.  Here these tired soldiers had met with a crush-
ing defeat, through the  unexpected attack of the Germans, which carried their lines toward
Paris,  and  formed  that  famous salient  the apex of which was  Chateau Thierry.  These
were indeed  dark days for  the Allies—nothing could more truly picture the  despair in their
hearts  than the pathetic attitude and facial expression of those  war worn and discouraged
Tommies.  The feelings  of both the British and  French  were to  some measure reflected in
us,  as we went about our work with heavy hearts, but nevertheless with a feeling of con-
fidence that sooner or  later the American Army  would throw enough weight into  the bal-
ance to turn  the threatened defeat  into victory.
99 
Major Arthur B. Smith.
    On July 15th,  1918, we began  to  realize  that our  hopes were well founded.  At this
time began the great allied  offensive, commencing with  the  now  historic battle  of  Chateau
Thierry.

    It was the good fortune of part of our staff to be sent  on detached service with Amer-
ican Evacuation Hospital No.  7, located at Coulemmiers directly behind  the fighting lines
of Chateau Thierry.

    The  operating  team consisted  of  Major  Berry, Capts. Sackrider and Raynale; two
nurses, Miss Ethel Lickly and Miss Amy Keel, and two enlisted men, Pvts. Klingman and
Williams.  The work done  during their two weeks' stay there was  exhausting and  nerve
racking in the extreme.   It was,  however, highly  gratifying to them to see the fortitude
with which  the wounded soldiers  bore  their sufferings,  and  the high morale and cheerful-
ness, so characteristic of a victorious army. During their stay the team operated more than
two hundred  cases.  Upon  returning they found the hospital  filled for the first time with
wounded  Americans—for on July 26th, Hospital "D"  received its  first American  patients.
From  this time on we  received no  more  French.

    Early in September the patients were gradually evacuated,  until we  found our beds
practically empty  in preparation for the expected casualties of the  St. Mihiel  drive.

    At the  beginning of this  offensive on  Sept. 12th, another surgical team  was sent to
Evacuation Hospital No. 9, at  Vaubecourte, behind  the Verdun front. This team consisted
of Major  Berry, Lt. McArthur, from Hospital "D," and  Lt. Stafford from  Hospital "C,"
two nurses, Miss Agnes Reed  and Miss Louise Reutz, and  Pvts.  Smart and Norton.  They
returned on Sept. 23rd.   During  the absence  of this  team  Capts.  Raynale and Sackrider
100 
were  temporarily  attached  to other hospitals, and on account of the depleted staff, the Des
Sources was unable to receive patients.  Our beds fortunately were kept vacant and  able
to receive  the  large number of casualties sent in  from the Argonne Forest drive.  With the
commencement of this offensive we  began  to  function  as  an evacuation  hospital.   This
was necessary  because of the enormous casualties that were  sustained during these opera-
tions.  The wounded  came to us directly from the field, unoperated and in overwhelming
numbers.   They remained  in our hospital only long  enough  to be  operated,  given a  few
French and Moroccan Soldiers Waiting for Dressings
 days' rest and sent on to the bases farther in the  rear.  At  this  time two  other officers,
 Major Munroe and Lt. Farnsworth, were temporarily attached  to  our  staff.

     It would be difficult to imagine the scenes enacted in our  hospital during the fore part
 of October.   Our  beds  were filled to overflowing and as the casualties continued to pour
 in, we were obliged to line our corridors and halls  with cots.  Especially pitiful was the ap-
 pearance  of  our  receiving ward.   The wounded  with which  the room was  crowded were
 maimed and mangled in every conceivable manner.  In spite of the terrible suffering which
 these men were  enduring, they maintained a brave front,  and  only by suppressed  moans
 and  facial expressions of pain could one appreciate their agony.  Only an occasional  outcry
 was  heard as a shattered limb might  be disturbed, or an adherent dressing removed.  Many
 of these wounds were in terrible condition, being badly infected, as the rapidity of the mil-
 itary operations  and intense shell fire had made  it  sometimes  impossible for them  to  be
 carried from  the field of battle, only after many  hours.

     The character  of the modern battle wound  makes extensive surgical  procedure  neces-
 sary.  Large  gaping lacerations,  involving the deep tissues, containing dirt  and fragments
 of clothing, and  frequently shattered  bones were  the rule.   These were for  the most part
caused by jagged pieces of metal  from explod ing shells.

     During this offensive our operating rooms were in continuous use, day and night.  Some-
 times staff and personnel were forced to work forty-eight hours  at a  stretch,  only stopping long
101 
Hospital D,  July 4th
Convalescent Soldiers and Nurses
Outside Vin  Fin's.
Removing Trench  Mud.
The Bread Wagon
102 
                                 Three Nationalities Peeling Potatoes.

  enough to snatch a bite to eat or a cup of coffee.  These  conditions continued almost without
  interruption until November.   During the last week of the war, the hospital was again evacuated
  in preparation for an offensive that promised to  be even greater, but which the Armistice, com
  mencing on November 11th, 1918,  fortunately rendered  unnecessary.  On  December 1st,  how-
  ever,  our beds were again filled with  convalescents, whom we continued to care for  until the
  closing of the hospital on January 5th,  1919.
                 HE hospital during the period of  its  operation cared  for 174 medical cases  (in-
                  cluding  gas), 1,714  surgical cases,  and 617  convalescents,  making a  total of
                  2,509 patients.   Of this  total, 728  were French  and British, 1,773 Americans
                  and  four  civilians.  There  was a total of 892 operations, not including 204 per-
                  formed  by the surgical team at  Evacuation  Hospital  No.  7.  Of these  127
                  were upon French and  British  and 765 upon Americans.   There occurred 12
  deaths, the causes of which were as follows: 1 G. S. W. of arm with gas gangrene; 2 G.  S. W.
 of chest;  1 G. S. W.  of  chest and  spine with complete paralysis below the 7th dorsal vertebra;
  1 hemorrhage from the  femoral aneurism, following G.  S. W. of  thigh; 2 septicaemia following
 G. S.  W. thigh;  1  inhalation  of Phosgene gas;  and  2 lobar pneumonia,  making a mortality
 rate of  .635%, this figure being based  upon patients treated, not including the  617 convalescent
 which were transferred to our wards from other  hospitals.
     The  history  of  this  hospital  would be incomplete without mentioning the names of  nurses
 and enlisted personnel, who co-operated  so  closely  with the  staff in  the   performance of  their
 duties.
     Nurses: Aurel Baker, Chief Nurse; Maud Arkell, Marie  Bach,  Fern Cotter, Nellie Cavan.
 Lillian  Dent,  Jessie  Duncan, Amy Keel, Christina Keyes,  Katherine  Killoran,  Elizabeth  La
 Forge,  Minnie Lester, Ethel Lickly,  E. J. McDonald,  Edith  Medhurst,   Penelope  Smith,  Ann
 Strub, Esther  Wonderly.
    Enlisted men:  Sgt. 1/c Bland Pugh (detached Aug. 16, '18) ; Sgt. 1/c  George H. Kenney;
 Sgt. Howard  Tanner, in  charge of property; Sgt.  Frank Dougherty  in charge  of Mess;  Sgt.
 Roscoe  Norton, Pharmacist;  Sgt. Howard  Kramer;   Sgt.  Lloyd  Smart,  Office;  Cooks, Jack
 Morris, John  Bayne, John Mroch, Frank  Burgwin;  Private  First  Class,  Thomas  Antinotty,
Alfred DuFault (detached  Nov. 4, 1917), Larry Greenleaf, Jesse  Klingman, Harry McConnell,
103 
Donald  Melville, Eugene Peters,  Arthur Sorensen,  Ross Wilkins, Carl Williams, Hal  Wright,
Thos. L. Wood (detached Aug. 16, 1918) ; Privates,  Daniel  Adami,  James  Averitte,   Shelby
Allen, John Brynes, James Beaver, Stephen Blackwell, Charles Davis, William Fountain. Edmund
Goodrich, Joseph Guzman, Ronald McQueen, Waclow Zebowkowski.
A Warm Corner.
                 ENGLISH CARD OF THANKS
        To—Officers,  Nurses, and Staff of U. S.  Base Hospital 36
                         AN APPRECIATION
    This records the heartfelt gratitude of the first batch of "Tommies" for
your unceasing care, attention, sympathy, and devotion;  all of  which serve
to seal the ties which  bind  these two great  Nations to each other.
                           Long Live America
                        Representative Signatures
                    F. English, Lincolnshire.
                    T. S. Bland, East Yorks.
                    C. Peedell, R. F. A., North Hants.
                    F. Watson, North Hants.
104 
                                   Lt. Col. Theodore A. McGraw.
                                     HOSPITAL  "E"
                            Base Hospital  No. 36 A.  E.  F.
                OSPITAL  "E," the one designated for the care  of strictly medical cases,  did
                 not formally open  for the reception of patients until April 7, 1918.  The Hotel
                 du Pare had been chosen, and  was last to become  the scene of hospital activity,
                 partly because the number of  patients had  not as yet exceeded the capacity  of
                 the other  buildings and partly because the  hotel was not equipped with suitable
                 heating  facilities for cold weather.
                     During the process  of the preparation of this hospital,  it was  seen fit  to
 have a party.  The building looked new and clean,  and  the dining  room floor was the best ever
 seen in Vittel.  There was a grand march, an award of prizes for the best dancers, excellent music,
 games of  cards, and suitable refreshments.  No doubt it was the best party "36" ever had.
     Owing to  the delayed opening it had been  possible  to  formulate plans and make  necessary
 arrangements for the care  of  patients, the proposed capacity being three  hundred.  Fortunately
 scarcely  any changes became necessary, later to  interfere with  the harmonious working  of the
 hospital.
     The staff was composed of Major T. A. McGraw, Jr., Lts. George Van Rhee,  Claude Gaines,
 and  Ward  Collins,  the last three having  recently  returned  from  leave  of  absence,  were very
 anxious  to begin work in what was considered to  be  their  future home.  Major  McGraw,  of
 course, was also  more than  ready to begin,  as  he had done no professional work for many months
 and  too, he  was interested in the practical  demonstration of his plans of administration.
     Miss Virtue, Head  Nurse, who with Josephine Deyell had spent many days in preparation
 of the place, was eager to receive patients and  observe  whether  or  not her plans  had been suc-
cessful.   The other  nurses  who  from time to  time  were assigned to duty there,  demonstrated
again and again the indispensability in an institution of  this type of the Army Nurse.
                                              105 
Hotel du  Pare, Hospital E, Theodore A. McGraw  Hospital.
     It  was the good fortune  of the  commanding  officer  of Hospital "E" to  have assigned to
 him for duty, three  capable and conscientious sergeants, namely: Oley Blanchard, George Herbst
 and Samuel  G. Backus.  They along  with the other men possessed a very great interest and pride
 in  the place,  so that there existed a  certain spirit  of co-operation  which favored  materially the
 successful operation of the institution.

     The  hotel was made up of five floors and basement; was well lighted; prettily though plainly
 decorated, so that one  found it unnecessary to call on his imagination to  realize as soon as he had
 stepped inside that he  had entered a hospital.  On the  main floor were located the offices; a  few
 private rooms for the care of patients; a store room; resident officer's  and sergeants' quarters; a
 service  room  for the ward located there; a bath room;  the  pharmacy  and the dining room; also
 a small dining room for officers.  In  the  basement were located a very excellent kitchen, and in
 addition several rooms suitable for the storage of stock, and one  for a carpenter's  shop.   The
 second, third, and fourth floors were arranged alike and  were similarly equipped, each with a ward
 surgeon's office, a service room and diet kitchen combined;  and a small dining  room to be used as
 such and  also as a reading room, for  convalescing soldiers, all centrally and conveniently  situated.
 A  little arrangement in the diet kitchen  facilitated the  serving of meals, with little confusion and
 with the  assistance  of several convalescent  patients.  This was a long, rather narrow serving
 table, .so placed as to be easily  reached by  the dietitian on one, and by the waiters on the  opposite
 side.  On the fifth  floor,  in cosy, well furnished rooms, were  quartered the  hospital corps  men,
 sixteen  in number.

    The plan followed was to  use the second, third  and fourth  floors  for patients as they  were
 admitted,  the first floor ward was used for the overflow of convalescent patients, thus making room
 for those requiring  most attention on the  other floors.  This ward was ideal for  men  who  had
been gassed,  removing  them somewhat from the objectional hospital environment and facilitating
 the carrying  on of their graded exercises.
106 
    A very sad feature in the history of Hospital "E," was the fact  that there were  forty-six
deaths resulting from pneumonia, a massive broncho-pneumonia complicating  influenza.  Most of
these  were very serious cases when admitted.   In  order to  realize the  feeling of utter helpless-
ness that  developed  among  the  doctors, trying to  save  these men, one must have seen service in
this epidemic.

    The most  robust and hearty seemed to  succumb most easily.  Owing to  this epidemic  it be-
came  necessary as far as possible to isolate  these  cases.  This was done in the individual rooms
and also on the floors, two floors being used entirely for respiratory diseases, and one of  these for
pneumonias alone.   There was  practically no  spread of the severe type of the disease among the
patients in the  hospital.  The attendants wore  caps, gowns and nose and mouth masks and almost
entirely escaped the dread malady.

    The officers' mess was  very fine and was  enjoyed not only by the hospital staff, but also  by
Lts. Erskine, Sweeny, Brown and  George, who fully appreciated  the efforts  of  Bert  Myering,
Cook.
Personnel of Hospital E
107 
          Capt. George Van Rhee.                            Capt. Claude B. Gaines.

    With winter approaching, there being no stoves and the demand for hospital beds diminishing,
the remaining  patients were  transferred to Hospital  "A" and  on December 30th, 1918,  "The
Pare" ceased to exist as a hospital.
    A short time before this every one connected with the institution was sorry to  lose the com-
manding officer, who at this  time had been promoted to the rank of Lt.-Col.  The  sorrow, how-
ever was of short duration, for not only did the hospital soon close,  but Lt.-Col.  McGraw was
known to be sailing toward America, which to reach and to arrive at his home before Christmas
was now his greatest desire.
    An event of great importance occurred at the Pare on Christmas  Day  when all the officers
gathering together for the first time for over a year, enjoyed a most sumptuous  dinner, prepared
under the direction of Mess Officer Lt. Brown.

      The enlisted personnel of Hospital "E" was organized originally as follows:

     Sergeant  in charge.. .Oley R. Blanchard        Mess-
     Night Sergeant......Samuel G. Backus            Geo- b- West
     Property Sergeant.......Geo. C. Herbst        ^ j >MES L- Bradley
                                                   Orderlies__
     Office Sergeant......Sherman F. Kelly            t»„™ \t  r
              b                                        James V.  Campbell
     Pharmacy Sergeant.. James Kent Erwin            Wilfred Green
     Fatigue Sergeant.......Gerald F. Kelly            Claud McDonald
     Mess  Sergeant.........Leon Ouellette            Clarence Knapp
     Head Cook.........Herbert J.  Myering            Edmond Wilson
     Second Cook...............Philip Bear            Joseph Gir°ux
                                                       Emanuel Christiansen

                                            ios 
Martha McDonald, A. N. C.
  Blanch Myers, A. N. C.
               Capt. Ward E. Collins.

    These men along with the later assignments, showed at all times a splendid devotion to duty,
and co-operating with the staff and nurses,  created for the Pare,  a reputation of  which they can
be justly proud.

    The  following figures will throw  interesting light on the extensive work done at Hospital
"E," during  the comparatively short period  of its existence as a military hospital.

Hospital "E" Report.   From Opening  April 7th, 1918,  to December 8th, 1918
Total number  patients  ..............2559
Total number  American  ............2547
Total number  Allies  ................   7
Total number  Civilian  ..............   5
Total number  Deaths ...............  48
Deaths from Pneumonia............  46
        Classification of Diseases
General  Diseases:
  Typhoid Fever ..................   2
  Paratyphoid  Fever ...............   2
  Malaria  .........................   0
  Influenza  ....................... 622
  Diarrhoea  .......................  96
Tuberculosis, pulmonary  ..........    4
Syphilis, total number.............   10
         secondary ..............    4
  1 "    tertiary   ................    6
         of nervous system.......    3
         vascular  type ...........    1
         other organs  ............    6
Cancer  .........................    0
Rheumatism, acute articular........   38
Rheumatism, chronic articular......    3
Diabetes  ........................    0
Exophthalmic  Goitre .............    0
Leukemia  .......................    0
109 
	:i,n j
Kitchen at Hospital E
Serving Room, Hospital E
  No Disease......................   12
Diseases of  Nervous System:
  Diseases of Spinal Cord...........    0
War Neuroses, total................   77
    1.  Concussion  ................   44
    2.  Psychoneurosis  .............   33
  Insanity  ........................    0
  Hysteria  ........................    1
  Malingering  .....................    0
  Epilepsy  ........................    3
Diseases of Circulatory System:
  Disordered  Action   of   the  Heart
     (Functional)  ..................    5
  Valvular  Disease .................    4
  Arteriosclerosis  ..................    1
Diseases of Respiratory System:
  Gas cases  .......................  982
  Bronchitis, acute .................   95
  Bronchitis, sub-acute .............    1
  Bronchitis, chronic  ...............   16
  Pneumonia, broncho  ..............   60
  Pneumonia, lobar;  total  ..........   80
    Right lower lobe...............   28
    Right upper lobe...............   20
    Left lower  lobe ................   21
    Left upper lobe................   11
  Pleurisy,  total  ...................   16
  Pleurisy,  dry  ....................    9
  Pleurisy,  with effusion  ............    7
  Empyema  .......................    4
  Asthma  .........................    o
Diseases of Digestive System:
  Tonsillitis, acute .................   16
  Tonsillitis, chronic ...............    1
  Vincents Angina  .................    1
  Gastric Ulcer  ...................    2
  Duodenal Ulcer  .................    0
  Appendicitis  .....................    3
  Perforation  of   Bowel   (Typhoid
    Fever)  .......................    1
  Cholecystitis  .....................    1
Diseases of the Genito-Urinary System:
  Nephritis,  acute  .................    5
  Peri-Nephritic  abscess  ............    1
  Calculus of Kidney and Bladder....    0
  Gonorrhoea  .....................    0
  Alcoholism  ......................    1
  Suicide  .........................    0
  Exhaustion ......................   76
Diseases of the Skin:
  Eczema  .........................    1
  Erythema Nodosum..............    1
  Furunculosis  ....................    3
  Impetigo  Contagiosa  .............    5
  Psoriasis ........................   1
  Pyodermia  ......................   5
  Scabies  .........................   29
  Tinea Cruris  ....................    1
  Urticaria, result  A. T. S..........    2
         THEODORE A. McGRAW,
                     Lt. Col. M. R. C, U. S. A.
110 
Capt. Myron William Clift                         Capt. Royston E. Scrafford
                      X-Ray  Laboratory, Base Hospital No. 36
                                       Jan. 8, 1919
                                                                    December 26, 1918.

From:   Capt.  Royston E. Scrafford, Chief  X-Ray Laboratory
To:      Commanding  Officer, Base  Hospital No.  36
Subject:  Report of Department,  December  8th, 1917, to December 8th, 1918.
    Our  first and  Central X-Ray Laboratory was  established in Hospital "B" December, 1917.
This was very  complete in equipment.   Here also  were the developing room and record and plate
files for all radiographic work of the Unit.
    Owing to breakage of equipment in transit the  second  Laboratory in Hospital "A" was  not
installed until late  in January.  At this  time  arrangements were made for the rental of two  French
machines, a transformer and  a coil from Societe des Eaux Minerales de Vittel. The transformer
was installed in Hospital "C"  and the coil in Hospital "D."  Some months later there was an in-
terchange of  the  machines of Hospital "A" and  "D" owing to the heavy demands for  X-Ray
work  at the latter place.
    The  machines  brought with the Unit have given satisfactory  service.  The bulk  of plate  and
majority  of fluoroscopic examinations were made with these machines.  This  was  because of their
speed  and flexibility due to  their Coolidge tube equipment, along  with the lack  of  personnel to
man each outfit. The French machines were  used  for Fluoroscopy  principally during rush times,
usually by Radiographers attached to the Unit for  such periods.
    The attached  report covers all Roentgenologic work shown by our records  from December
8th, 1917, to  December 8th,  1918.

                                             ill 
    The first classification gives the totals of all examinations,  positive and  negative, with dis-
tinction between Fluoroscopic and plate examination.  The following ones gives details of exam-
ination for fractures, foreign bodies,  etc., with their location and positive and negative findings.

    The first  examination was made on December 27th, 1917.  The total number  of  patients
examined was 3541 of which 374 were French and 162  English.  On these patients 4353 exam-
inations were made.  This does not include of the personnel,  French  Civilians,  second examina-
tions of  the same individual for the same condition, nor more  than 200 patients during the rush
of the period of  September.  Of these latter we have no records, reports having been made only
on the field card.

    From the above figures it is seen that 23.4% of the 15.097 patients  received by Base Hos-
pital No. 36 during the year were examined in this department, although the percentage of surgical
cases examined would be much  higher.
                                                              Royston E. Scrafford,
                                                                 Captain, M. C,  U.  S. A.


                            Plate and  Film Examinations
                                 Fracture, Pathology,  etc.
                                                   Positive
        Cranium  .................................   39
        Mastoid  ..................................   20
        Frontal Sinus.............................    9
        Ethmoid Sinus............................    3
        Sphenoid Sinus  ...........................
        Antrum  ..................................   11
        Orbit  ....................................    2
        Dental Cases—Jaw  ........................   36
                      Films of teeth...............
         Chest—Lungs, etc..........................
               Ribs  ..............................    4
        Spine—Cervical...........................    1
               Thoracic  ..........................   11
               Lumbar  ...........................   11
        Clavicle  ..................................    8
         Scapula  ..................................    4
         Shoulder .................................
         Humerus  .................................   47
         Elbow  ...................................
               Ulna  ..............................   27
               Radius  .............................   51
         Carpals  ..................................   11
         Metacarpals  ..............................   32
         Phalanges ................................   31
         Gastro-Intestinal—Stomach  .................
                         Appendix  ................
         Gall Bladder ..............................
         Kidney and Lumbar Region.................    1
         Pelvis  ...................................    6
         Sacro-iliac ................................    2
Negative 19	Total 58
13	33
14	23
3	6
1	1
9	20
	2
6	42
	180
	205
12	16
3	4
1	12
17	28
1	9
	4
19	19
5	52
13	13
7	34
9	60
2	13
11	43
3	34
	20
	2
1	1
6	7
2	8
16	18
112 
 Sacrum and Coccyx .......................   3
 Kip Joint  ................................   1
 Femur ...................................  40
 Knee....................................   3
 Patella ...................................   3
 Tibia  ....................................  57
 Fibula  ...................................  50
 Ankle, Potts ..............................
 Tarsals ...................................  36
 Metatarsals ...............................  21
 Phalanges  ................................  16
 Periostitis—Humerus  ......................   1
           Radius  ........................   1
           Femur  ........................   2
           Tibia  .........................   2
           Metatarsal  .....................   1
 Osteitis and Osteomyleitis—Humerus  ........   5
                          Rib  ............   1
                          Femur  ..........   1
                          Tibia  ...........  10
                          Phalanges .......   2

                      Fluoroscopic Examinations
                     1.   Foreign Bodies—Localization
                                           Positive
 Scalp.....................................  27
 Face  .....................................  41
 Neck  ....................................  33
 Back—Thoracic  ...........................  43
       Lumbar  ............................  33
 Chest, F. B...............................  17
 Shoulder .................................  81
 Arm  .....................................  60
 Elbow ...................................  17
 Forearm .................................  43
 Hand and Wrist  ..........................  Q6
 Abdomen  .................................   9
 Buttocks .................................  80
 Pelvis  ....................................    5
 Thigh  ....................................  175
 Knee   ....................................   34
 Leg  .....................................   90
Ankle—Foot  ..............................   57

  *   Total ..............................  911
 Chest,  Lungs .............................
Gostro-Intestinal—Stomach  .................
                 Appendix  ................
113
2	5
13	14
10	50
19	22
1	4
13	70
15	65
63	63
17	53
20	41
6	27
	1
	1
	2
1	3
	1
	5
	1
	1
	10
	2
Negative 42	Total 69
19	60
21	54
11	54
25	58
36	53
93	174
120	180
13	30
36	79
95	161
7	16
33	113
	5
142	317
56	90
187	277
81	138
1017	1928
	32
	15
	2
 
                              2.   Fractures
—   •                                                                  6
Clavicle ..................................   6
Humerus  .................................  44          59          103
Elbow  ...................................               ?            7
Forearm  .................................              12
Radius  ...................................  41           2           43
Ulna  .....................................  42           1           43
Wrist—Hand .............................  112          61          173
Femur ...................................  37          38           75
Knee  ....................................   1          H           12
Patella  ...................................   1                        1
Leg .....................................              98           98
       Tibia  ..............................  45                       45
       Fibula .............................  32                       32
Ankle—Foot ..............................  45           57          102

       Total  ..............................  406          346          752

                          Plate  Examinations
                       Foreign Bodies—Localization
                                          Positive       Negative       Total
Scalp  ....................................   6            2            8
Cranium  .................................   4            4            8
p:ye  .....................................  10           20           30
Orbit  ....................................   8            3           11
Temporal Region  .........................   1                        1
Maxilla...................................  12            1           13
Mandible .................................   3                        3
Neck  ..................................... 9            4          13
Shoulder .................................  16            3          19
 Arm,  upper  ...............................    3            4           7
 Elbow ...................................    6                        6
 Forearm .................................    4           2           6
 Hand—Wrist  .............................   12            4          16
 Chest ....................................   12           2          14
 Thoracic Wall  ............................    5           1           6
 Lumbar and Abdominal Wall...............    2                       2
 Hip—Groin  ..............................    7           2           9
 Buttocks .................................    3                       3
 Thigh ...................................    5                       5
 Knee  ....................................    8           5           13
 Leg  .....................................    6           8           14
 Foot—Ankle ..............................   8           2           10

       Total .............................. 150          67          217
    Record of All Examinations for the  Most Common Fractures with the
                      Percentage of Positive Findings
                                          Total Exams.     Positive     Percentage
 Cranium ..................................  58          39           67%
 Jaw ......................................  42          36           86%
 Ribs  .....................................  16           4           25%
114 
Clavicle ..................................  34
Humerus ................................. 155
Radius ................................... 109
Ulna  .....................................  83
Hand .................................... 263
Femur  ................................... 125
Tibia .................................... 213
Fibula ................................... 195
Foot..................................... 218
  Record of All Examinations for Foreign  Bodies with
                            Positive Findings
                                        Total Exams.
Cranium .................................   8
Eye  .....................................  30
Maxilla ..................................  13
Scalp ....................................  77
Face  .....................................  60
Neck .....................................  67
Back—Thoracic  ...........................  60
       Lumbar  ...........................  60
Chest ....................................  67
Shoulder ................................. 193
Arm, Upper .............................. 187
Elbow ...................................  36
Forearm .................................  85
Hand and Wrist........................... 177
Abdomen  .................................  16
Buttocks ................................. 116
Pelvis  ....................................   5
Thigh  .................................... 322
Knee .................................... 103
Leg..................................... 291
Ankle and Foot........................... 147
17	50%
91	59%
92	84%
69	83%
186	71%
77	62%
102	48%
82	42%
118	54%
i:he Percentage of	
Positive	Percentage
4	50%
10	33%
12	92%
33	43%
41	68%
42	63%
48	80%
35	58%
29	43%
97	50%
63	34%
23	64%
49	58%
78	44%
9	56%
83	72%
5	100%
180	56%
42	40%
96	33%
65	44%
Source Salee
115 
          X-RAY LABORATORY BASE HOSPITAL  NO. 36
                             Jan. 19, 1919.

From:   Capt. Royston E. Scrafford,  Chief X-Ray Laboratory.
To:      Commanding Officer, Base  Hospital  No. 36.
Subject:  Report  of Department,  Dec.  8, 1918, to Jan. 13,  1919.
    1.  The attached report is supplemental to that of our first year's work,
and gives a classification of examinations made between Dec. 8,  1918, and
the closing of the Records of Base Hospital 36 on January 13, 1919.
                                  ROYSTON E.  SCRAFFORD,
                                               Capt, M. C, U. S. A.

                   Plate and  Film Examinations
                        Fracture, Pathology, etc.

                                          Positive      Negative      Total
Mastoid  ..................................    1           1           2
Frontal Sinus ............................    4           5           9
Antrum  ..................................    9                       9
Dental Cases  .............................                          15
Maxilla ...................................    1                       1
Chest  ....................................                          20
Scapula  ..................................    1                       1
Shoulder  .................................               1           1
Humerus  .................................    2                       2
Elbow ....................................               1           1
Radius  ...................................    4                       4
Ulna.....................................    1                       1
Kidney Region............................               1           1
Ilium .....................................    2                       2
Lumbo-Sacral .............................               3           3
Femur ....................................   12           3          15
Knee .....................................               6           6
Patella  ...................................    1                       1
Tibia.....................................    5                       5
Fibula ....................................    4                       4
Leg ......................................               1           1
Ankle ....................................               6           6
Oscalcis  ..................................    2           2           4
Foot.....................................    8           2          10
Osteo-Myelitis: Tibia  .....................    1                       1
               Fibula  ....................               1           l

      Total  ..............................                          126
llfi 
                 FLUOROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS
                    1.  Foreign Bodies—Localization
                                          Positive
Shoulder  .................................
Arm......................................
Thigh  ....................................   1
Leg ......................................   1

      Total  ..............................   2
                             2.  Fractures
                                          Positive
Chest  ....................................
Gastro-Intestinal  ..........................
       Appendix  ..........................   1
Wrist  ....................................   4
Tibia ....................................... 1
Fibula ....................................   1

      Total  ..............................   7
                         Plate Examinations
                      Foreign Bodies—Localization
                                          Positive
Ankle  ....................................   1
Orbit.....................................   1

      Total  ..............................   2
Negative 1	Total 1
1	1
	1
1	2
3	5
Negative	Total 4
	1
	1
	4
	1
	1
Negative
12
Total
  1
  1
117 
1. Exams for foreign  bodies, 217 J Pos.
2. Exams for fractures and
    pathology, 1407
3. Exams Head  (except dental),
    214
       150
\Neg.   67
JPos.  1032
INeg.  375
4. Thorax, 241
5. Abdomen, 30
                    f Pos
6. Pelvis, fractures, 8|N
Fracture Ribs, 16 JPos.     4
                \Neg.   12
Lungs, 205      JPos.    12
                \Neg.    2
F. B. lung, 14     jpos.     5
In chest wall, 6   [Neg.    1
  Gastro-Intestinal, 22
  Kidney & Lumbar Region, 8
 7. Bone Pathology, 27

 8. Dental Cases, 212

 9. F. B.  Exams, 1977
10. Exams for fractures, 752

11. Exams of chest, 139

12. Gastro-Intestinal Tract, 17
(Neg.    2 Periostitis, 8
Fractures, 58

Mastoid, 33

Ethmoid, (i

Frontal Sinus, 23

Antrum, 20

Sphenoid, 1

Foreign bodies, 73
JPos.
\Neg.
JPos.
\Neg.
JPos.
INeg.
JPos.
INeg.
JPos.
INeg.
JPos.
INeg.
Neg.
               JPos.     7
               INeg.     1
Osteomyelitis, 19 Pos.    19
Fractures, 42
Abscess, etc., 180
JPos.  960
\Neg. 1017
JPos.  406
\Neg.   346
Lungs, etc., 32
           Chestwall, 54 Lung,
F. B.s      |Pos.   43  JPos.
           \Neg.   11  \Neg.
53
17
36
TOTAL  NUMBER OF EXAMINATIONS
                   4353

   FLUOROSCOPIC  EXAMINATIONS
                   2729
RADIOGRAPHIC  EXAMINATIONS
                 1624
36				
6				
39				
19				
20 13 3 3	Cranium, 8	JPos. INeg. JPos.	4 4 6	
9 14 11 9	Scalp, 8 Eye, 30	INeg. JPos. INeg. JPos.	2 10 20 8	
1	Orbit, 11	INeg.	3 [Pos.	12
	Face, 16	Maxilla, 13 \Neg. JPos. Mandible, 3 [Neg.		1 3 0
 
              Capt. Joseph Sill                               Lt. Anthony J. Font

   HISTORY OF THE CLINICAL  LABORATORY OF  BASE HOSPITAL NO.  36

               HIS history will of necessity be a mere sketch, for after five years it is impossible
                to give definite dates and figures from memory, and, unfortunately, all my papers
                were lost in a  fire that destroyed my home shortly after my return from France,
                and I am now too far  away from the personnel and records of Base Hospital 36
                to refresh my memory by consulting them.
                    The history of the laboratory of Base Hospital 36 begins at Vittel, in Novem-
ber, 1917, and ends, so far as I have knowledge of it, at Christmas, 1918, when I was ordered home.
The Research Department of Base Hospital 36 was  organized with Major (then Captain)  M. W.
Clift  in  command, and  myself  in charge of  the Clinical Laboratory.  Beside myself, Lieuten-
ants  Font and Scott  S.  Fay composed  the commissioned personnel, but never more than one of
the two lieutenants were assigned to laboratory duty at  the same  time.  Sergeant. Valentine Joe
was at first the only  enlisted man assigned to the clinical laboratory.  Later Sergeant *Varoe
and Private Christianson were assigned,  and Sergeant Joe was detached from Base Hospital 36.
    Work in the laboratory  began as soon as the Hotel Ceres was in possession  of the  Unit.
Rooms on the ground floor were  secured, tables and benches were made from old packing cases,
and our apparatus was set up. The laboratory was  beginning to function smoothly when, to our
great regret, we were deprived of the services of our chief, Captain Clift, who  was detached from
the Unit  and  ordered to Paris.
    Here the history of the Clinical Laboratory of Base Hospital 36 should end, for a reorganiza-
tion of the Laboratory Service took place, taking the laboratories  from the control of the indi-
vidual  Hospital Units, and consolidating them i nto a central laboratory, part in Vittel and part in
Contrexeville, which was a quasi-independent unit of  the Hospital Center.   The  reason  for this

                                             119
 
 change was. in part at  least, the shortage of laboratory personnel and equipment in France. Some
 of the Hospital Units had come overseas  much better equipped than others, and it was felt that a
 pooling and redistribution of resources would result in an  economy of  personnel and equipment
 that would make better work possible all round.   Moreover,  the organization  of  a central  lab-
 oratory gave the Department of Laboratories of the A. E. F. a more direct control over laboratory
 activities.   Doubtless these reasons were compelling, but the laboratory never became, other than in
 name, an independent unit of the center, because the  laboratory personnel was not detached from
 the Hospital Units,  but in matters of discipline, pay, and  certain duties  remained under the com-
 mand  of the Hospital Commanders.   It  was most unfortunate  that if the laboratory activities
 must be centralized, the laboratory, in its personnel, its equipment, and  its  quarters, was not com-
 pletely  and definitely separated from the  Hospital Units, and made solely responsible to the Com-
 manding  Officer of  the Hospital Center.  The divided responsibility resulting from the situation
 as it existed, necessarily destroyed all unit of  purpose in the Laboratory Service, both during the
 time I was in charge, and after my successor took control.
     I  do not wish to be misunderstood.   I am not,  in word or thought, making criticism of  my
 associates  in Base Hospital  36, or in  the  Laboratory Service.  On the contrary, my associates in
 the hospital exhibited  always the utmost forbearance and  unfailing consideration and kindness,
 and my associates in the laboratory used their utmost,  efforts for  the good of the service.  As a
 matter  of fact, the  situation was  so  difficult that without  the greatest goodwill on the part  of
 all, the laboratory could not have functioned.
     During the period the laboratory  was controlled by the  Hospital Unit, the work was purely
 clinical.   After the  reorganization clinical work was more and more pushed into  the background,
 and the main function of the laboratory became research.  Hundreds of autopsies were performed,
 and these, with the working up of the resulting material occupied a great deal of time.  To my mind
 the most valuable work the laboratory did for Base  Hospital 36 was the work in connection with
 a  threatened outbreak of  diphtheria in the summer of 1918.  Hundreds of throat cultures were
 examined, and many carriers of the  infection and patients  suffering with the disease were de-
 tected and isolated.
    In August, 1918, Captain *Hutchinson was sent from the Central Laboratory at Dijon to take
 charge of the laboratories at Vittel and Contrexeville.  At the same time  I was appointed Sanitary
 Inspector of the Hospital Center, and my duties prevented a further active participation in the work
 of the  laboratory.
    It is now of no  interest  to know the number and kinds of laboratory examinations made, and
 these statistics  I am unable  to furnish. Looking  back on the  work of the laboratory  during the
 time Base Hospital 36 was in France,  I feel that, considering the  fact that, like the rest of the
 hospital,  the laboratory worked with  inadequate equipment,  and with a personnel  composed  of
 men detached from  and yet attached  to four Base  Hospitals locally organized and composed of
personal  friends, and  that  these local attachments naturally conflicted at times with the interests
of the Hospital Center and the Department of Laboratories  of  the A. E. F., it served its purpose
 fairly well through the forbearance of  the Hospital Staffs and the earnest efforts of the laboratory
personnel.
                                                                   ' JOSEPH  SILL,
                                                                   Capt. M.  C, U.  S. A.
120 
AN  AMPLIFICATION OF  DR. SILL'S ARTICLE
    When Base Hospital No. 36 was called into  active service at The State Fair Grounds, De-
troit,  Michigan, August  20th, 1917, the laboratory personnel included Captain M. W. Clift, Chief ;
Captain Joseph A. Sill,  Lieutenant Scott C. Fay, Lieutenant Anthony J. Font, and private Val-
entine P. Joe.
    Before mobilization the officers and  enlisted personnel of the organization  were given ty-
phoid prophylaxis, the vaccine used being that supplied  by one of  the larger manufacturers  of
biological  products.  A subsequent order from the war department stated that prophylaxis would
not be recognized unless the vaccine supplied  by the Army Medical School,  Washington, D. C,
was used.
    As a result of this  order a series of experiments were undertaken to  determine  the degree
of immunity attained with the commercial product.   Twenty-four men were picked from the com-
mand and  their blood taken for the widal reaction.  The  experiments were carried  out in the
laboratories at Grace Hospital,  Detroit, Michigan, through the courtesy of the Superintendent and
Director of Laboratories of that  institution.  The  Sera, of this group of  twenty-four men were
tested against typhoid, para-typhoid "A" and "B"  after each of the three injections of  the Army
Medical School vaccine.  The results of these  experiments  will be found elsewhere in this volume.
    October 27th,  1917, embarked  for  France.  Landed  Liverpool, England,  November  10th,
1917.   Arrived Vittel, Vosges, France, November 17th, 1917.
    Soon after the arrival  of the organization at Vittel, plans were drawn for  establishing the
laboratory.  Three large, well lighted rooms on the  second floor of  Hospital "B" (Hotel Ceres)
were  chosen and early in December, 1917, sufficiently equipped to carry on practically all routine
clinical  laboratory procedures.
    December, 1917.   Privates first class John Anderson and  Christenson reported to laboratory
for duty.
    During the latter part of December, 1917, Captain James D. Matthews and Lieutenant Scott S.
Fay  were  ordered to  Paris to study the  treatment  of war wounds as employed  by the French.
Particular  attention was paid to the Carrel-Dakin technique.
    April  12th, 1918.   Lieutenants Scott S. Fay and Anthony J. Font and Private Valentine  P.
Joe were ordered to proceed to Epernay,  Marne,  for  instruction  in wound bacteriology under
Captain A. Policard  of  the French Army.  Lectures were given by some of the leading bacteriol-
ogists of France, and included the preparation of the different  special culture media,  particular
stress being placed upon those used for the isolation and identification of streptococci and anaero-
bic (gas gangrene) bacilli.  Lectures were also given by  Dr. W. Mestrezat,  of the French Army,
on shell shock and the changes in the spinal  fluid  in  this  condition.   Transfusion of  blood  in
the recently injured was also taken up, as  was the  different solutions  of  chlorine used  for the
continued irrigation of wounds.   After this course  we returned to Base Hospital No. 36.
    Bacteriological and  cytological  examinations held a very important position  in the treatment
of war wounds.   On  these examinations depended  the proper time for wound  closure.  After
our arrival at base 36 the  central  laboratory was established, combining the forces of Base Hos-
pitals Nos.  36, 23 and 32,  under  the direction of Captain Joseph A. Sill.
    June,  1918.  Lieutenant Scott S. Fay, transferred  to  Central  Medical Department  Labora-
tories, for  duty.
    Captain Sill was  relieved from duty and  Captain Humphreys reported for duty as chief  of
laboratory.
    July, 1918.  Sergeant  first class  Joseph Varian, reports to Laboratory for duty.
    August 12th, 1918.   Private  Valentine P. Joe  ordered to Central Medical Department  Lab-
oratories for  duty.
121 
    Of the  original  Base 36 Laboratory  personnel only one officer was able to  return with  the
unit.  Captain Humphreys afterwards  took charge of the Hospital Center Laboratory.
    Captain Sill, our former chief, was made Sanitary Inspector of the post.
    The departure of  Lieutenant  Scott Fay  was regretted by the whole unit.  In Lt. Fay we had
the most brilliant member of our  laboratory personnel.   His modesty and his pleasing personality
won the admiration, not only of the laboratory force who worked with him, but also of. the other
members of the unit.
    November,  1918.   Lieutenant Anthony  J.  Font was ordered to the Army of Occupation.
    After Captain Humphreys took charge of  the Hospital Center Laboratories at Vittel, it con-
tinued as a unit by  itself, not being part of any  particular  Base, officers  from  the different
Bases, were assigned to duty there.  Most of the officers and  enlisted  personnel  from 36 were
either relieved  from duty or assigned to some other units,  Base Hospital 36 laboratory original
personnel being practically gone.
                                                     ANTHONY J.  FONT,  M. D.,
                                                          1st Lieutenant, M. C, U. S.  A.

                        Laboratory Work  Done for B. H. 36
                                                 Work done for  Work done in
                                    Work done in    B. H. 36       B. H. 36
                  Examinations      B. H. 36 Lab.   in Central Lab. Subsidiary Labs.    Total
        Urines  .....................   513           238           139           890
        Throat Cultures.............   164          2031           ...          2195
        Wound Bacteriology.........   80           463           .. .           543
        Sputums ...................   370           133            64           567
        Urethral Smears...........   27             7           ...            34
        Autopsies ...................   11           102           ...           113
        Pathological  ................   50             5           ...            55
        Dark Field  .................    7             4           ...            11
        Vaccines ...................   11             8           ...            19
        Blood Counts................   208           134           177           519
        Blood  Cultures..............    8            22           ...            30
        Spinal Fluids  ...............    8            39           ...            47
        Stomach Contents ...........   11             5           ...            16
        Feces....................   44            50           ...            94
        Throat  Swabs and  Cultures
          (Meningitis) .............    0            81           ...            81
        Malaria....................    5             1           ...             6
        Widals .....................    0             2           ...             2
        Miscellaneous  Bacteriological...  61            18           ...            79
        Miscellaneous  ...............    2             9           ...            n
        Blood Grouping .............   236            19           ...            19
        JWassermann Tests ..........  Ill            42           ...           153
               Total  ........................................................5484
        JWassermann Tests were all made at  U. S. Army  Laboratory  No. 1 or at the
        Contrexeville Branch of the Central Laboratory Hosp. Center, A. P.  O. 732.

                                             122 
                                     Jan. 8, 1919
       Report of Deaths (classified according to cause of death) Dec. 8, 1917-Jan. 1, 1919
       Asphyxia—Foreign body  .............................                    1
       Abscess lung  ............................................               2
       Apoplexy  ........................................                      1
       Cardiac renal insufficiency............................                    1
       Dilation heart, acute..................................                   2
       Diphtheria........................................                      2
       Ethmoiditis (complication)  .............................                  1
       Hemorrhage,  femoral artery................................              2
       Hemorrhage,  internal jugular vein.....................................    1
       Hemorrhage,  secondary and high......................................    1
       ileus  ..................................................                 1
       Influenza,  acute ..................................................      1
       Gas gangrene................................................         14
       Gas, inhalation (pulmonary edema)  ...................................    2
       GSW, chest  ......................................!!."!'.!'.!!'.'.!!"!.'    8
       GSW, head, fracture skull  ...........................................    7
       GSW, spine........................................................    7
       GSW, abdomen  .....................................................    2
       Mastoid disease (complications) .......................................    2
       Nephritis,  acute  .....................................................    1
       Meningitis, cerebro-spinal ............................................    1
       Pneumonia, lobar ...................................................  42
       Pneumonia, bronchial ................................................  42
       Peritonitis, following appendectomy  ...................................    6
       Septicemia  ..........................................................    6
       Scarlet  fever  .......................................................    1
       Sinusitis, frontal (complication)  ......................................    1
       Typhoid fever ......................................................    4
       Undetermined ......................................................    1

             Total number deaths  .......................................... 143

                    Headquarters  Hospital  Center A. P. O. 732
GENERAL  ORDERS                                             October  30,  1918.
NO. 21
    1.  The  Commanding  Officer of the  Hospital Center, A. P. O. 732, wishes to express his
appreciation  of the  services rendered the Allied cause  by the members of  the A.  E. F. of
this Center  during the recent emergency.   The results obtained were highly gratifying and
show that the realization of a sense of duty has in this  Center kept pace with that of the
men in the  Zone of  the Advance.  With the extreme shortage of personnel, inevitable dur-
ing active offensive  operations, and  this personnel depleted through illness, over  8,100 pa-
tients were properly  cared  for at one time and  during  a period of rapid evacuation of the
sick and wounded out of this Center.
    2.  The  spirit shown is what is  winning the war.
    3.  This order will be  published  on all bulletin boards.
                             By order of Lieut. Col. Rukke:
                                                             A. C. CALISH,
                                                       1st Lt. San. Corps, U.  S. A.
                                                                           Adjutant.
123 
                       Conference  On Surgery  at the Base
         Report of Base Hospital 36,  from December 8, 1917, to December 8, 1918
                          Lieut.-Col.  B.  R.  Shurly, Commanding
1.  General.
   1. What  is the total number of admissions to your hospitals?  15,097.
   2. What is the number of deaths?  134.
      How many deaths from pneumonia? 60.
   3. What is the number of surgical  cases?  7,541.   No. of deaths?  65.
      Among these how many were caused by pneumonia ?  Four septic pneumonia, following
          lung injury,  and five lobar pneumonia.
   4. How long should abdominal cases be held  at the front before transportation?  At  least
           7 to 10 days.
   5. How do through and through chest cases travel?  As a rule well; no harm seen.
   6. What type  of cases are most injured by travel?
       1.  Abdominal cases.
       2.  Chest cases;  sucking.
       3.  Large vessel injury.
       4.  Head.
    7.  What is the comparative condition of wounds arriving at the Base with:
       o.  Dry gauze?  Good,  if not packed; poorly if packed.
       b.  Dichloramine T.?  No experience.
       c.  Protective?   No experience.
       d.  Rubber  tubes?  Good, with  very light gauze, no packing.
       e.  Carrel-Dakin?  Poor.
       f.  Vaseline gauze? No cases.
       g.  Bipp?  No cases.
       h.  Flavine?  No cases.
 2.  Gas Gangrene.
    1.  To what extent, if at all, do the following predispose to gas gangrene?
       a.  Ligation of main artery of a limb? Destruction  or ligation, great factor.
       b.  Tight bandages?   Decidedly.
       c.  Tight packing of wound?  A factor.
       d.  Insufficient  debridement?  Yes.
       e.  Low vitality  from shock and hemorrhage?  Yes.
     2.  What  is the indication for  a local operation?   Possible  debridement of  all  destroyed
          tissue, providing there is  good circulation, drainage and favorable constitutional symp-
          toms.
     3.  What is the value of anti-gas serum?  None obtainable.
     4.  Is it justifiable to base local operation or amputation on the bacteriological findings alone?
          No.
     5.  Is the general range for temperature  high  or low?   Temp, is moderately  high.   Pulse
          high or low? Pulse weak and rapid.
     6.  How  frequently does  gas gangrene  attack tissues other than muscles?  Also affects fat,
          skin,  and fascia.
124 
3.  Debridement.
    1.  What is included in good debridement?  A good debridement is one with complete excision
          of all trumatized or devitalized  structure made through healthy tissue.  Preserving large
          blood vessels and motor nerves, providing for complete hemostasis, drainage, and the
          application of a  loose  dressing.  (No packing.)
    2.  What errors in debridement have you noted?  The error  of  removing too little  tissue  on
          the one hand, and on the other hand the unnecessary removal of  skin and   especially
          fascia.  Lack of hamostasis, tight packing and insufficient drainage.
4.  Tetanus.
    1.  How many cases ? None.
    2.  Results?  A. T.  S. prevents tetanus.
    3.  Are there any contra-indications to giving a second dose of antitetanic serum?  No.
    4.  Have you seen local tetanus?  No.
    5.  Discuss late tetanus; cause; prevention.   No cases have been seen.
5.  Delayed Primary Closure of Wounds.
    1.  Bacteriological control  or clinical judgment?   Clinical.
    2.  Average  time after primary operation?   Four days.
    3.  Percentage of successes?   100%.
    4.  Has there been loss of life or limb following failure? None.
6.  Pre-operative Cases.
    1.  What type of cases  need no operation?  Through and through chest, by rifle, machine gun.
          Fractures if properly splinted.  Minor  wounds, and  perforating wounds of extremity.
    2.  How have cases  evacuated  without operation (pre-operative) done?   With exception of
          destruction or ligation of main artery, head  and abdomen, and gas gangrene infection,
          most all cases have been received in  good condition.
    3.  List the types of cases  suitable  for evacuation without  operation.  Through and  through,
          uncomplicated, perforating  or penetrating wounds of the extremity.  Through and
          through chest with rifle or machine bullet  and  minor wounds.   Fractures,  properly
          splinted.
   4.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of the pre-operative train?  Permits treatment
          to be given  to the greatest  number in  the shortest time.  Disadvantage?  Congestion
          of the  evacuation hospital, without pre-operative train.
7.  Chest Surgery.
   1.  What are  the indications for operation in the front area? Sucking wounds.  Hemorrhage.
          Large foreign bodies.
   2.  What are the indications for operation at  the Base? Sepsis calls for  drainage.  Removal
          of large foreign bodies.   Aspiration of  pleural cavity for hemothorax (after an interval
          of one week).
   3.  Discuss  the anesthesia—the operative technique.  Local, if possible.  Depage  formula,
          modified by  Capt. Gaudel has proved  very  satisfactory.   Formula:  Ether 96  c.c,
          Ethyl  Chi. 22  c.c, Chloroform 2 c.c.; dose, 22 to 30 c.c.  on  mask devised by Gaudel.
       Nitrous Oxide with oxygen was not available for any of our cases.
   4. Discuss the after-treatment.  Rest—half sitting position—watching chest for symptoms,
          aspiration of blood if necessary, drainage of septic,  with use  of  Carrel-Dakin  solution.
125 
 8.  Secondary Hemorrhage.
    1.  In what type of cases does it commonly occur?  Vessel wall injuries, by shrapnel, or ma-
          chine gun bullet, and infection.  None seen  from the use of Carrel-Dakin solution.
    2.  Should first indication be ligation or temporizing?  Ligation.
    3.  What are the predisposing causes of secondary hemorrhage?  Injury to blood vessel and in-
          fection.
    4.  What is the general treatment ?  After control of  hemorrhage—transfusion of blood, pre-
          ceded by normal saline, if blood is not immediately available.
 9.  Knee-joints.
    1.  In through and through machine gun or rifle wounds, how do non-operative compare with
          operative results?  Uncomplicated through and through do better  with non-operative
          treatment.
    2.  In debridement, do you advise—
       a. Complete closure?  Yes.
       b. Closure of capsule and fascia?  If possible.
       c. Leaving the wound entirely open?  No.
    3.  Is shattering the head of the tibia or of the condyles of the femur the more serious?  We
          believe the femur.
    4.  What  types of knee injury demand immediate amputation?  Loss of bloodvessels—exten-
          sive loss of  bone—severe comminuted.
    5.  What type of infection and what extent of involvement of the joint demands amputation?
          Gas gangrene infection, uncontrollable sepsis  with extensive destruction  of  joint, call
          for  amputation.
    6.   In knee-joint injury and infection, has more error been made in conserving or in amputat-
          ing ? In conserving.
    7. What effect has excision of the patella  on the function of the joint?  No experience.
    8.  Compare  mobilization with  immobilization in the treatment of joints.   Preference immo-
          bilization of joint, with extension—passive motion later.
    9.  What  is your estimate of the value of  antiseptic  treatment  of knee joints?   Not  neces-
          sary;  ample drainage  sufficient, with tubes to capsule, but  not entering joint.
10.  Antiseptics.
    1.  Compare the principle of chemical antiseptics with the principle of non-chemical treatment
          of  infected wounds.  Non-chemical  is satisfactory with ample drainage,  Carrel-Dakin
          is necessary for closure.
    2.  List antiseptics in order of the availability for battle conditions at the front—at the Base.
          At  the Front—Dichloramine T. Iodine. At the Base—Carrel-Dakin.
11.  Anesthetics.
    1.  How do you value the nurse anesthetist?  Excellent.
    2.  In what cases and  under what circumstances  may local anesthesia be used?  Regional?
          Spinal?  Local anesthesia may be used chest and head,  minor wounds.  Spinal, no
          experience.
    3.  In what cases is gas and oxygen especially indicated ?  Short operation.  Long,  only with
          expert anesthetist.
    4.  Has the type of anesthetic used influenced results?  No deaths.
    5.  Do you value Depage's anesthesia ?  As modified by  Capt.  Gaudel.  Yes.   Very desirable
          for  war  surgery.
126 
12.   Fluids.
    1.  Compare sodium bicarbonate with normal saline in treatment of shock and hemorrhage.
           Equal, by rectum.
    2.  Compare intravenous saline infusion with giving  water  by mouth   or  rectum, or  sub-
           cutaneous.  Intravenous  method more immediate in its effects.  Results otherwise the
           same.
    3.  Compare gum-salts with salines.  No cases with gum.
        Compare gum-salts with blood.  Blood preferable in all cases, if  classified.
    4.  Have you noted any ill effects from gum-salts?  None used.
13.  Blood Transfusions.
    1.  What method preferred?  Citrated blood  method.
    2.  Have there been any serum reactions when properly grouped ?  None.
    3.  What results in prolonged infections ?   Repeated blood transfusion has failed to save life.
           Without benefit.
    4.  Discuss available sources, difficulties encountered,  etc.  Personnel,  and patients, of hospital
           were grouped, and often patients were evacuated soon after being grouped.
14.  Amputations.
    1.  What is  the value of the guillotine operations?  Speed only. Prefer flaps turned back.
14.  Amputations (continued)
    2.  Is  the medio-tarsal amputation justifiable?  Probably no, in war surgery.
    3.  Compare the Symes and the lower third amputation? Prefer the lower third of leg.
    4.  Is  the rule  that the stumps of the lower extremities shall have no terminal scar a good one?
           No.
           On the  upper extremities is the terminal scar  always correct?  Yes.
    5.  Are amputations through the knee joint recommended?  No.
    6.  Shall the bones of all stumps be left with parallel or conical shape? Conical.
    7.  How near  the knee joint, may amputation be made?  Three inches below knee.
    8.  How near  the elbow joint? Not less  than two inches.
    9.  Through the elbow joint?  No never.

15.  Head  Injuries.
    1.  Should all  lacerations of the  scalp be explored  surgically for  fracture?  Yes.
    2.  Discuss  foreign bodies in the brain.  All large  foreign  bodies should be removed if com-
           patible with the preservation of life and especially if  they cause symptoms.
    3.  Is  the magnet  useful in  extracting foreign bodies?  Valuable at times if foreign body is
           magnetic.
    4.  Have you had late abscesses?  Yes.

16.  Hospital Problems.
    1.  What improvement can you suggest in  the arrangement of the standard American Base
           Hospital ?
           Larger  personnel of  officers, nurses and men.
    2.  What are  the advantages and limitations of a  surgical team? The disadvantage is not be-
           ing able to place the responsibility of after-treatment and paper work, of their cases.
    3.  What should be the size of  a Mobile Hospital?  No experience.
    4.  What should be the equipment of a Mobile Hospital?  No experience.
    5.  What should be the function of a Mobile Hospital?  No experience.
    6.  Is  it best  to have  special hospitals,—such  as  head,  chest, fractures or  to  have special
           wards for such cases in General Hospital?   Special wards.
127 
7.  Suggestions as to,—
   1.  Surgical Instruments.
       a.  Quality?  Many were inferior.
       b.  Types?  Some were ancient.
       c.  Quantity?   Insufficient.   Specially forceps and scissors.
2.  Dressings.  Sufficient quantities, good character.   Sterilization was  imperfect.
3.  Special Types.   Squares and pads preferred.
4.  Bandages.
       a.  Special.  Were satisfactory.
       b.  Splints.  Army splints, as a rule, were iound  excellent.   Criticism might be made
          of the Jones Cock-up splint.   The too tight application of the Jones.
Top Row—On Board  Orduna—Convalescent Soldiers.   Lower Row—Our Mascot at Fair Ground—On  Board
                                     Ship—Morning Ablutions
128 
	1	k "' W*
	"! ?M ;	mi f «
Top Rozv__li'recked German Balloon—Miss Medhurst—Convalescent Soldiers.  Second  Row—O.  R.  Sources—
Frank A. Day—Officers Villa. .  Third Row—Miss Hammond Typing—Miss  Cooper—Candy  Day  at  Commis-
sary Department.  Bottom Row—Cutting the Grass—Convalescents at Sources—Out for a Drive—The Backzvard
                                              Way to Jail
129 
    Mrs. Betsey Long Harris, A. N. C.
Chief Nurse, Base Hospital No. 36, A. E.  F..
                HISTORY OF THE NURSING DEPARTMENT
 jj-___—<^>ftll ARLY in April Dr. Shurly asked me to serve as Chief Nurse of Base Hospital
 <S\ S|p|^0Cfl»  No. 36, which meant the recruiting of sixty-five nurses from a territory that had
 w f^ilt^^y^  already been called upon  to furnish  the nursing  personnel of  Base Hospital
 §£ ^fflj@Jl^  No. 17.  Before a week  had passed ten applications had been received and for-
 C llliifl^zy)  warQ,ed to Washington, and from this time on it was a rush to get the papers in
 |ti^~  ^"^=^-^111 order, as the applications came t hick and fast.  From Toledo came a request from
sixteen nurses to join our unit, and these were ultimately enrolled.
    On June 24th  thirty-two nurses  attended the  special  service at  Christ  Church,  conducted
by Dr.  Maxon, a ceremony which  brought  home to us the seriousness and solemnity of the task
we were undertaking.
    Early in July we had about completed our enrollment, when Dr. Shurly returned from Wash-
ington with the almost discouraging news that we must enlarge  our hospital  to a thousand-bed
unit—which meant the enrollment of thirty-five nurses more.  The first of  September  found this
work  completed and all were ready to start when the orders came.
    We left  Detroit for New York at 12 :55  P.  M.,  September  sixth, and  arrived at General
Hospital No. 1  the next day.  Here we remained during  a month of pleasant weather while the
nurses were given drills in military tactics  and were  outfitted by the Red  Cross.  On  September
29th we were moved to St. Mary's Hospital, in Hoboken, where we remained till our departure for
"over there," on October 27th.   The  sailing orders  were most  gratefully  received, as we  were
tired of the waiting from  day to day, not knowing  what an hour would bring forth.  It was also
a pleasure to join the rest of the Unit, as  this was the first time that we had all been together.

                                           130 
    The days  of  passage across  the  Atlantic a nd the two  days' stop at Halifax,  meant a real
rest to some of us, and even the terrors of the submarine  failed to eclipse our enjoyment  of  this
part of our journey.

    Arriving at Liverpool on November 11th, we were separated  from  the  men and sent, to  a
hotel  for the night.  We were splendidly cared for by the British officers,  in whose charge we were
placed, and two days later crossed the Channel on the hospital ship Panama, arriving at Le Havre
about  ten A. M.  November  13th.  Here  we were met  by  American  officers  and  distributed
among five hotels,  some of which were fair, and others just poor—none really good, but  no  one
complained, for we were  ready for  the experiences of war.

    In the midst of a Zeppelin raid, we left Le Havre for the  final stage of our journey,  to Vittel.
We were sent on  a special train,  made up of old  first-class  coaches for the officers  and nurses
and the  "chevaux 8, hommes 40" for the  men.  We had rations of crackers and cheese, beans
and salmon issued  during the journey, but nothing to drink  except "vin ordinaire," as no good
water  was obtainable.   We  were  forty-one  hours on this journey, and when we tumbled  off the
train  at Vittel late the following night we were cold and stiff  and very homesick.

    The first three weeks in Vittel were spent in getting  settled in our new quarters and  in put-
ting  in shape for  patients the five big hotels which were to serve for hospital buildings.  The
weather was intensely cold, and there  were no stoves in our quarters.  How cold  one could be and
yet "carry on"  few of us had realized up  to this time.  Many of the nurses were taken  ill, and
at Christmas time there were about eighteen  of them in hospital.   One nurse was sent to  Chau-
mont, as it was feared she would  need treatment which could not be given at our hospitals.
    December first twelve  nurses were sent to Vaucouleurs for service with the Forty-second
Division.   Shortly after,  four more were  sent to Paris to make dressings at the Red Cross head-
quarters there.
    The nurses who had  been sent to Vaucouleurs returned to us on December 23rd, and Miss
Jennie Abramson, who was in charge  of them, has written the following account of their expe-
riences :
"Thanksgiving Day, November 29th,  ipiy
    Received orders today to go on detached service,  with the Forty-second Division at Vaucou-
leurs.  We will leave Vittel on the first, at six A. M.
December first
    We arose at five and at 6 :45 the auto truck arrived to take us to Vaucouleurs,  via Neufchateau.
The  captain in charge urged  us to "make  it snappy," as we  were already forty-five minutes late
in starting.
    Five doctors and twelve nurses climbed into  the big truck, with our duffle bags, which we were
obliged to use for seats.  It was a cold, damp morning, and we were bundled in sweaters, coats
and blankets, with  a few scattered hot-water bottles.  At  8 :30 we arrived at Neufchateau, much
bespattered with mud, where we discovered we had missed the morning train and would have to
wait for the one leaving at four in the afternoon.   The nurses were delighted to have an oppor-
tunity to explore this quaint old town.  We found it full  of American soldiers, from neighboring
camps, who had come in  to attend the funeral of a comrade.
    We left Neufchateau on time, arriving at Vaucouleurs after darkness  had  fallen.   Ambu-
lances were waiting to convey us to Chalaine, a distance of about a mile.   Major Fairchild  greeted
us very pleasantly, after which we were conducted to our supper.  For the first time since  our
arrival in France we ate white bread, and it was indeed a treat.  Our quarters are quite  comfort-
able—six beds in  each  room—and a  grate fire in both rooms.
131 
December second
     After a hearty breakfast of cereal, pancakes, bacon, toast and coffee, Major Fairchild took
us through the hospital, which is situated in an old  chateau  built  in 1552, and  in  two  portable
buildings.  The owner of the chateau, Mme. Albert Gillon, lost her husband  during the first year
of the war.  Later  she  turned  her home over  to the French Government to use as a hospital.
All modern conveniences are lacking, and we have running water in the kitchen only.
     We found about 75 cases of mumps and measles in the loft  of the barn.  The French cots
were very close together, and the air foul.  A smoking  stove added  to  the  closeness of  the
atmosphere, but the boys said they did not mind  the smoke as much as the cold.
     In the chateau were the  more serious cases of  pneumonia, meningitis,  typhoid, scarlet fever,
diphtheria, and other conditions.  In the barracks  were the less serious cases, about forty  patients
being in each building.
     The nurses were assigned to duty, and a more willing group  I have never seen.  There was
much work  to be done, and  they did it cheerfully with good results.  In a short time the patients,
the corps men,  and the officers were  singing their praises.
     The surrounding country is very beautiful.  The River Meuse flows directly in front of the
chateau, and the park, in the  midst of which the chateau is located,  is very lovely.  The village of
Vaucouleurs is visible, and with a background of  beautiful, sloping hills, the view is wonderful.
     Fire occurred in the neighborhood  one evening, and when the fire-fighters arrived they decided
it was too near supper time to start fighting the fire, and they all went home to supper.  When they
returned they decided they were not wearing suitable clothing,  and  again they went. home.  When
they returned again  they found  the building in ruins and no fire to fight.  (This sounds like a
story that might have been made up by  American doughboys  to illustrate their idea of the French
deliberateness.)
December sixth
     This morning we received orders to  pack the hospital equipment and  prepare to  move at a
moment's notice.  We heard all sorts  of exciting rumors.   Yesterday an aeroplane  battle took
place a short distance from  here.  The big guns have been  booming  all day,  and the popping
of the small ones  has been continuous.   The Forty-second Division is moving out of this  section.
     The neighboring village,  Vaucouleurs, is very quaint.  It was  here  Jeanne d'Arc  visited the
governor on  her peculiar mission.  We visited the ruins of the "Porte de France,"  where she
first  received her troops, in 1429.  Another interesting feature is the small underground chapel, in
which the Maid prayed in behalf of France.  The chapel itself, the altar and shields are all beau-
tifully preserved, but the statuary is quite modern.
December eighth
    We  sent 75  mumps and measles patients to Vittel today.  The climate is very hard on these
boys.  A good  many of them have come  from southern states, and seem to be easily affected with
anything,  from mumps to pneumonia.   However, they are perfectly wonderful  patients, and in
spite  of cold quarters and very little nursing  care, they never complain.
December twenty-third
    Returned to Vittel today, leaving Chalaine at one o'clock  in a motor ambulance,  which had
been sent for us.   It was quite  a load,  four nurses, two patients, an officer and the driver. The
distance is about forty miles, and the weather was very cold.

                                              (Extracts from Miss Abramson's Diary.)
132 
Miss I. Melinde Havey, A. N. C.
     Assistant Chief Nurse.
   Early in December we  received our first patients,  400  soldiers suffering  with  mumps  and
 measles.   We had very little equipment, practically nothing but beds and blankets.  Stoves were
 our greatest  trouble.   Such  inadequate, tiny affairs were those that we had been able to get from
 the French, that they seemed only to make the discomfort more intense.  One of the most moving
 sights was a  nurse trying to prepare toast  for twenty-eight light  diets on  one  of these  tiny
 stoves, with coal that was simply dust.  Early in  December  six  nurses were sent  on detached
 service to  Chaumont,  where they served with the Roosevelt Hospital Unit.
    By December 10th we had 349 patients, and a large number of our own personnel were ill.
 This was, I think, the most trying time  of our service.  The nurses' mess had not been established,
 and we were "farmed  out" with the French, which was most unsatisfactory, as some  of the nurses
 fared badly.  The weather was  very cold and gloomy,  the  sun not appearing  for ten days  at a
 stretch.  It was a soul-trying time, but for the most part the nurses stood it well and waited  with
 what patience they could  for things to straighten out.
    Early in January the Nurses' Club was started by the Y.  W. C. A., and Miss Marion Porter
 was placed in charge.  Miss Porter remained with the unit until we  left Vittel, and will  always
 be remembered with  much love and gratitude for her faithful and untiring efforts in  behalf of
 the nurses.  The  bar-room of the Hotel des Sports, one of  the nurses'  residences, made  a won-
 derful  club room, after it had  been transformed under Miss Porter's capable and artistic hands.
 Here, every afternoon, tea was served to those nurses and officers  who were off duty and cared to
 come, and many times the place was  crowded to its  capacity.  Often  officer patients came here,
and among them were many who are now known  among the distinguished of those who served in
the A. E. F.  Later a wonderful building was erected  for the Club by Major G. Hunter  Brown,
who was in charge of the Red  Cross work in our center.
133 
    The building was wonderfully planned and decorated.  It was here we entertained Miss Mar-
garet  Wilson, our president's daughter, who came  to sing to our patients.   Unfortunately,  this
building was not finished until November, 1918, so we had a very short time in which to enjoy it.
    From March first until we closed our hospital there was  always work for the nurses.  Sev-
eral times small detachments were sent  to the front.  Four nurses from our unit and four from
B. H. No. 23 were sent to Compiegne for two weeks  in March, to  learn the technic of the  Carrel-
Dakin and Ambrine treatment, at the hospitals there.  The Germans were  bombing Compiegne
continuously at this time, and on the last day of the nurses' stay a bomb was dropped directly on
the big white cross, in the hospital courtyard, breaking every window in the hospital building.
    Early in May eight nurses were sent to Field Hospital No. 168 with the Forty-second Divi-
sion, at Baccarat.  These nurses stayed several weeks, and were replaced with others, seeing service
with the 42nd, the 37th, and the 77th Divisions.
    Following is a brief account of the experience of the nurses of  one detachment which  was
sent to Coulomaires, written by Miss Ethel Lickley:
    "A detachment of three officers, two  nurses and  two enlisted men left Vittel  about  7:30
P. M., July 7th, and  picked  up  two nurses from  Base Hospital  No. 32 at Contrexeville, who
were  also a part of  a surgical team going to Coulomaires.  We travelled continuously until  five
o'clock of the  following afternoon,  stopping only for short intervals to procure refreshment in
the small villages through  which we passed.  When we finally  reached our destination, we found
we were just outside  Coulomaires, which  is quite an important railway center.  The  hospital  was
on a  hill back of the town, located in an old chateau,  which was surrounded by  tents,  in which
were  located Mobile Hospital No. 1 and Evacuation  Hospital  No. 7.  We were  not a great  dis-
tance from  Chateau Thierry,  and I have never been in a  busier  place.   The  chief nurse kindly
found us a  tent containing just army cots and blankets.  There we rested for a few hours, after
having mess in an  open tent.  Soon we were called to report for duty, and our  team was given
two operating tables in the chateau.  We were busy after that for two  weeks, working  all the
time  night  and day,  helping to take care of that endless  line of wounded which was constantly
pouring  in.   The wounded men  were brought from the front on  stretchers, and many  had to
wait  on the ground in the open, until  they could be attended to by the surgical teams. Some days
we were not as busy,  but  others  we worked as fast as possible, and then were not able to care for
some of the men before they died.  We were forced to don our  helmets one  night because of a
threatened  air raid, but nothing  came  of  it, and we were glad when the  lights were turned on
again and we  were able to continue our  work.
     The lines  were moving very rapidly,  and soon Mobile Hospital No. 1 packed  up  and followed
the soldiers nearer the front.  In about two weeks the Commanding Officer of our Base sent for
us as we were needed there.
    I shall never forget the wonderful courage and spirit of those wounded men who came pour-
ing in, a seemingly never ending line."
Red Cross Parade, New York.                     Red Cross Parade,  October, 1917, Fifth Ave.
                                      134 
     A letter written by Miss Lickley, written at this  time  will give a further idea of what  the
nurses experienced:
"Dear Mrs. Harris:
     "We arrived safely  after a  very tiring but interesting trip.  We rested a short time Thurs-
day night  and then went on duty until one A.  M. Friday, and  have been working hard ever
since.  We are  far  from being  comfortably situated, six  of  us being housed  in a  small  tent
which leaks furiously when it rains,  and that  is daily; but sleeping in wet beds, wading in mud,
and working  long hours,  seems very  little  when we see our boys brought in, all wounded  and
broken in body with spirits undaunted and still able to smile.
     "This is  a  large place and hundreds of patients go through here daily.  No doubt you have
some of  the very ones who came  through here as we hear you  are very busy there also.
     "Isn't it  wonderful the things our boys and the  Allies are doing at the  front?
     "We are  hoping that we won't be needed away from our Base too long as it  seems like being
far away from  home.  Miss Keel sends her love  and  will  be  as  happy as I to  return.   Much
love to all the girls,  yourself and  Miss Havey.
                                                       Sincerely,
                                                                    E. M. Lickley.
     "P.  S. Should any of the rest leave on  surgical  teams,  tell them  to be sure to  take  boots,
sleeping  bags, blankets and warm clothing  as we need them."
     Our work increased during the summer, reaching it's height late in September. At one time
there were 10,000 patients in the center.  At times  we had more than it seemed possible  to do.
Trains of wounded came in, and everyone worked, till  the patients were  cared  for.  This  meant
often, that the nurses worked  forty  and fifty hours at a stretch, but I  never  heard  them com-
plain.
     When it was possible, the nurses were  on straight eight hour duty, and frequently, after an
evacuation of a large number of  patients, it was possible to give them in turn, a few days off duty.
We were not allowed much leave, so  unfortunately saw very little  of the  country.
     Recreation  consisted of  dances, picnics  on the lovely surrounding hills, and walks  to  the
nearer villages.   Much interest  was taken by the nurses, in  the "Twilight" baseball series and the
games played with  other  hospital teams.   Small  parties were sent  in ambulances to visit  the
home of Jeanne d'Arc at Domremy,  a short distance  from Vittel.
     The  restricted  association  with  the enlisted men, was  felt to be a hardship by some of the
nurses, who had relatives  and  friends in the ranks.   Others seemed to be able to adjust  them-
selves easily to this  handicap.
     The "Flu"  came in the fall of 1918 and we lost two non-commissioned officers by this ter-
rible disease.  A number of the nurses were ill, two seriously  so, but none died. Miss  Maud
McGlynn had been  sent  home  in the preceeding month, of March with a diagnosis, of phthisis.
Miss  McGlynn never  recovered, and  died in May, 1919.  She  was a woman of sweet and cour-
ageous character, uncomplainingly doing her duty as long as she was able.
    After the Armistice, the nurses  were allowed some  of  their accumulated leave and many of
them  went to Paris and  the Riviera.  Ten  nurses were permanently detached, and sent to Ger-
many with the American troops.  We  felt the parting  severely as we  realized that this was  the
beginning of the  end, and  that very soon we should see the Unit disbanded, and the pleasant asso-
ciations of a year and a half would be a  thing of the past.
    Some of our officers left us in December and nurses were sent to Chaumont.  On February
16th,  1919, the men  of the Unit left  enroute for home, and the nurses followed in two detach-
ments going via Paris to La Baule where we remained about a week.  La Baule is a beautiful
place, and the nurses  had many interesting  trips to  surrounding towns.
135 
Nurses, Base Hospital No. 36,  Vittel.
                                                  Our Maids, Hotel des Sports and Ki-Ki.
    We left  on a special  train for Brest, February 26th, with the nurses from Base Hospital No.
17 who had arrived at La Baule at about the same time that we had come.  The train was slow,
so we  did not arrive  at Brest, till midnight.  We were put into  ambulances and taken out to  Base
Hospital  No. 65, a very tired and hungry lot  of nurses.  Here we stayed for five  days, rather
uncomfortably as the camp  was crowded, the weather rainy most  of  the time and the mud  was
deep.
    March 3rd we sailed  for home on the U.  S Transport  Agamemnon and  arrived  in  New
York  March  11th.  After a few days, those who wished, were  sent to Detroit on a  special  train
provided  for us, and the nurses of  B.  H. No. 17 by  the good  citizens of  Detroit.   Unfor-
tunately the  rain was pouring down on our  arrival,  which  rather spoiled the parade,  but we
were glad to be at. last with friends, and  feel that our  work was  done and we could retire with
honor  to the rank  of civilian nurse.
    I  cannot close  without  paying a  tribute to the courageous spirit of these  women, who  went
forth  to  an experience which was new and trying in the extreme.  They accomplished the work
they were sent to do, and they  gave of their strength, their sympathy and their material goods,
without stint, doing honor to those, who, with money and encouragement assisted them to prepare
for this mission.  Many  letters  were received  by the nurses from patients who  had moved on,
and I  will  conclude this brief account with a letter, which seems most characteristic:
                                                     "Base Hospital No.----, Sept. 12, 1918.
"My dear  Nurse:
    "Just a  few lines as  I  promised and also  it's  one way  I can  show  my appreciation for the
good care which I received while there.
    "Now, Miss P----, we sure did get good care while we were there, but since I  arrived  here,
there hasn't been any nurse around to  fix up my arm, just the doctor.   But it's coming around all
right.  Now  I'll say this  place hasn't anything on  Base  No. 36, we are not  in hotels here,  just
everyday barracks and no ice cream  and good cake in fact no  cake.   And cigarettes they  seem
to be  pretty  scarce.  Well  you can  just consider yourself in one  of the best hospitals in France.
I sure am  glad  it was my stopping place, for the first few weeks, after  I got hit.  And to  com-
pare the way we were treated there,  and the way we  are treated here.  Your Base, for mine, any
time.   And to tell the truth,  we sure do think a lot of our Red Cross nurses and doctors,  that are
at Base No.  36.  Now that don't mean that we have anything against our nurses here.  As we
sure do think a lot of our  Red  Cross nurses, that are here in France.  But you girls at Base No.
36 were  sure gold bricks  and we sure did appreciate  your kindness,  that was the first ice cream
I had  since I left God's  country, and I'm afraid it will  be the  last until my return to the States.
    "Well, Miss P----,  I'm not going to write  a long letter  this  time, just a  note.  Let me
know if  you have seen anything of that helmet, I told the orderly, if it came,  to give to you.
136 
    "I won't write much more this time.   But remember me to  any of the nurses there that  I
know, and don't forget a few lines quite often will be welcome.   So in  your spare  time write.   I
don't believe they  are working you as hard as they did when we were there.   If  they  are, you
won't have a lot of time to write.  Well I expect a reply anyway.  Yesterday they wanted to know
what I could do for my Country.   So suppose they have a  job  in view somewheres for me.   I
hope so,  as  it gets too lonesome lying around but  I only can use  one arm.   I have  been trying to
move my other one around, but it won't work, it  won't straighten out.  I guess  Fritzy  done  a
pretty good  job this time, any way we will say so.  Well,  give my  regards  to  Dr. S----  along
with the nurses I  know, and all kinds of luck for you, as ever sincerely a friend,
    "Corp. R---- R----,
"M. G. 102nd, Reg. U. S. Inf.
                   "A. E. F."
   (Signed) Betsey L. Harris,
Chief Nurse, Base Hospital  No. 36.
				
		**.» *	Up	«* _
		fsPl 1 v«fj		irl
			\	ft'teJiS*
	MKrV/^«i <tf*4w			
	WM-.tj ■m^m'"^	*t*j3f;		
                                    Porter and Capt. Hunter Brown.
Top Row:—Writing Room; General View of Room, Miss       Bottom Rozv:-
-Tea  Table; the Fireplace; Rest Room.
 Nurses' Red Cross Hut
137 
'   •  i
Miss Marion  Porter
Hostess, Y. W. C. A.
                                   For the Nurses

    May I add a word to go down in appreciation, of the Nurses  of Base Hospital 36?
    For  over a year I lived  and worked with them—and I considered it one of the  great-
est privileges of  my life that I  could call them  friends.
    They do not need a testimonial, for  all ,over  our  land today are men ready and willing
to add a grateful word for the women who with unfailing cheer and ability "stood by" hour'
after  hour  and rendered  such service  that mere  words cannot  express.
    I tried  to  keep the  fires burning and the tea-kettle  boiling.  They did the work.  We
were  making history and many  were  the victories won  by the nurses, doctors,  and men
of Base Hospital 36.
                                               Signed   MARION E. PORTER,
                                                      Y. W. C. A. Nurses Hut Vittel.
13S 
               ST  AMPLIFICATION OF MRS.  HARRIS' RECORD
               HEN the United States entered  the  Great War  on the  side of  "The  Allies"
                against the Imperial German Government, the nurses of  the country began to won-
                der if they would be allowed to do "their bit." Some wrote the Red Cross offer-
                ing their services.   Among the first Base Hospital Units to be sent over-seas were
                the two Units from Detroit,  B. H. No.  17, leaving in  June and  B.  H. No.  36
                leaving- the following October.

    Dr. Burt Russell Shurly was Medical Director of B. H. No. 36.

    Mrs. Betsey Long Harris was  chosen as  Chief  Nurse of B. H. No. 36.  She sent out a call
for graduate registered nurses to volunteer for over-seas  duty.  Detroit nurses responded well, but
many had already volunteered and had left  with Base Hospital 17 in June.  So, as not all re-
maining were physically fit, State graduates and  others were welcomed.   It was not long before
the 100 nurses needed were enrolled under the Red  Cross—papers  made out, questionaires filled
in, vaccination made,  measurements taken for  uniforms, as well as other necessary  details gone
through before taking the  Oath of Allegiance at the  State Fair Grounds, September 5th.
    Of  course, by this time we were all more or less excited  and anxious to be off.   Dressed  in
uniforms, we had an automobile parade along Woodward and  Jefferson avenues.   Many  parties
were planned and parting gifts of useful things received.

    A service for the Unit  was held in Christ Church  by  Dr. Maxon, our  Chaplain—and we left
Sept.  6th for New York.  The journey was uneventful and from the Grand Central we proceeded
by train to Gun Hill Road in the Bronx and to Columbia  War  Hospital No. 1, Major Shurly ac-
companying  us.   We were stationed there for three weeks  and had our first taste of Army life.
We lived in barracks, or shacks, 25 nurses in a shack; a,  bed, table and chair for  each  nurse.   A
few nails hammered into the wooden walls  served  for clothes, towels, etc.—our army lockers and
duffle bags went under the bed and we did our best to  keep  things neat and tidy—it was difficult!
Two showers were allowed for the use of the nurses and were  kept busy.   Our first "mess" was
somewhat disappointing and continued to be so partly  because  of the long line—and  long wait.
However, we took things philosophically and  supplemented outside.
    We were allowed considerable liberty, but were drilled spasmodically by one of the Post Lieu-
tenants.  This was a new experience.  "Squads right" and  "hold that pivot'' got to be by-words
among us.  The drilling took place either in  a field or on  the roads near the  Post.   Our next
move was to St. Mary's Hospital,  Hoboken,  and we  felt we were getting a little nearer to France.
We had a long hike to the dock and were then ordered aboard a tug  which  took us  down the Hud-
son River to  Hoboken, where we disembarked and walked through  the streets to St. Mary's Hos-
pital.  There we put in another three weeks of anxious watchful waiting.   The religious Sisters  of
the Hospital were exceedingly kind and did their best to make us  comfortable.   It was no joke
to them having a hundred restless women wished  on them.   We were two  and three in a room,  or
in dormitories of ten or twelve, where  again the disposition  of  clothing was  a  problem.  We
draped statues with clothes, etc., as we could  not drive  nails  in the walls.  There, one  of the
nurses who had a generous friend, (Mrs. Gilbert Lee) bought several hat-trees which helped con-
siderably. We had to parade in Hoboken, but were not very enthusiastically received  or cheered,
as most of the population  are of  German descent.  We had good  times in New  York and took
part in  the Red  Cross parade  down Fifth  Avenue,  from^ 86th  Street to  Washington  Square.
Each group of nurses wore the different Red Cross uniforms.  None of  us will  ever forget the
ovation  we received  from  sidewalks,  windows and roofs along the way.  Thousands lined the
Avenue cheering us and wishing us God-speed. Not  a  few shed tears.  Bands  played,  great men
and women, in the service and out, reviewed us from a grandstand in front of the Public Library.
Al
139 
Gun Hill Road, Bronx, New York.
Columbia War Hospital No. i.
			■ ' 1
		!►	
		M ■ ~ 11%/.	
§&■	iF^t!		II Wm^i
B. H. 36 Nurses, New York Central Station.
Base 36 Nurses.
Interior of One  of Our Shacks, Gun Hill  Road.
Red  Cross Trait
140 
The heat was terrific, but none of us would have missed that glorious parade.  Then Oct.  26th
came—the long expected order "You must be ready to sail tomorrow morning."  Great excitement
prevailed among us.   Everybody hurried  to say the last "Good-bye," purchase the last spool of
thread to  squeeze into  the already bulging trunk and duffle bag.  Telegrams and letters sent off,
and  a scramble  to get back to bed "on time" for once.  Everybody up and at breakfast at crack
of dawn the next morning;  Communion Service at  6:00 a. m., held in Episcopal Church  and at
7:30 all assembled in  full uniform outside the Hospital, ready for the march to the dock.  Mrs.
Burgess, our Dietician, and to whom we had grown much attached,  was not permitted to leave
with us, to our great regret, on account of War Department order that  wives of officers in France
could not  go.  Also two of the  nurses  who through illness had to be left behind and  one having
been married.  We were ferried  across to the New York side of the Hudson and to the  Cunard
Line dock.   Arriving  there we were met by all officers and other men of Unit 36.  With very little
delay we were ordered  aboard the good  ship "Orduna" and sailed about 2 :00 p. m., October 27th,
wondering whether we would ever see the good old U. S. A. again.   Before long  we  were made
very comfortable in first class cabins, assigned chairs on deck and were soon feeling quite "at home
at sea."  We had only gone a short distance before there was an alarm of "fire in the hold," which
rather upset and delayed us some time.  However, no serious damage was done and we proceeded
on  our way.  One nurse developed a severe case of asthma and another an ulcer of the stomach.
We had some bad weather and considerable seasickness,  but the majority of us kept up and  en-
joyed the voyage. Dr.  Maxon held a short service for us each morning below deck.  We were all
assigned to  life  boats and had  life-boat  drill each day, also life saving suit drill and physical train-
ing.   We were obliged  to carry life preservers around with us all the time.  A thoughtful Detroit
friend (Mrs. H. N. Torry) had supplied each nurse with a  rubber life-saving suit which we had
to learn to get into in a  few seconds.  This was difficult and rather nerve racking as we actually
never knew  whether we had been struck by a mine or submarine, or whether it was just drill. Some
of the girls  fainted, others tore off their finger nails and hurt  themselves in other ways in their
struggles to  get into  the awkward suits.  It was good practice, however, and we might have been
very thankful for it later, and  were most grateful to Mrs. Torry and her sister for their thought-
fulness for our safety.

     We lay over in Halifax Harbor for two days and  during that time  several  of  the nurses
thought it would be a good time to try out the suits, so with one or two officers they went down the
side of the ship into the water,  where they  bobbed around looking  like huge toads.  Two of  the
nurses floated off, which obliged the Captain to send a boat  after them, which pleased  him not at
all!   However, the experience  they had gave the rest of us the comfortable feeling that we could
not drown in them.  It was here that we were joined by our escorts,  seven American troopships
and  a British cruiser.  After two days we sailed.   (The second night we had a dance and  en-
joyable time on deck.)  The voyage was made very pleasant by entertainments of various  kinds,
such as bridge parties, quoits, shuffle board, visiting,  letter writing, etc.,  and on  November  8th
we were met about 400 miles  from the English Coast  by British torpedo boat destroyers and much
of the tension of the  voyage  was relieved.

    November 10th we  found  ourselves in  Liverpool Harbor, where we disembarked.   We were
met at the dock by British officers, either quite old or disabled young  men.  We were driven in
handsome motors to the North Western Hotel, where  we were  given rooms for the night  and an
excellent dinner.   We strolled  around Liverpool later, although the streets were dark, no lights
being allowed on account of possible air raids. We were ordered to be ready to leave at  8 a. m.  the
next morning (Sunday) and after  a good  breakfast  boarded  our train, right near the hotel,  for
Southampton.  We ran through  the beautiful English country very quickly, making our first stop
141 
at Warwick, where luncheon baskets were brought to us  containing a  substantial  meal and  tea.
Signs of war were everywhere, but everything looked as  neat  and orderly  as  usual.  Arrived at
Southampton about 4 p. m., we marched right from  our  train to a transport, the Warilda, ex-
pecting to sail for  France that night, which, however, we did not do,  but instead, transferred to
another Hospital ship,  and sailed the next night about 10 p. m. on S. S. Panama.  We were all in
the hold  which was transformed into a large dormitory or ward  used for the wounded on the re-
turn trip.  It was clean and comfortable and most of us slept the sleep of the just;  but  a  few
among us were too  scared to sleep and one at least said her prayers all night.   Some of the  nurses
sat up all night by  the light of one candle and sang "Lead, Kindly Light."  We anchored at  Havre
at 3 a. m. the following morning (Tuesday)  and landed soon  after breakfast.   British  ambu-
lances met us and  distributed us around to several third-rate hotels.  However, we were not look-
ing for comfort in France and felt we were well taken care of.  We saw  Le Havre pretty thor-
oughly in the two  days spent there.  About three o'clock of the second night we were awakened
by a terrific explosion  of  aerial bombs, so we realized the Bosche was above us and were more or
less  alarmed.  An old  Frenchman made the rounds of all the rooms tapping at the doors and  tell-
ing us the Bosch was there and to hurry to the cellar, which, however, we did not do as the  bomb-
ing ceased and we went back to bed.  We looked through a crack in the shutters and were much
entertained by the  fireworks.  We had breakfast at 5 a. m. and afterward marched to the Gare,
which in our case  was only a few minutes  walk from the Terminus Hotel.  Some of the scat-
tered nurses  had quite  a long distance to walk. It was a cold, cheerless morning and we found the
very dirty French train even more  so.  We unfortunately  had no rugs  or  other comforts to  help
keep us warm and none of us will ever forget that journey of forty hours through France.  Soon
Colonel Shurly told us where we were bound, and the knowledge that  we were to be located in
Vittel, a famous French summer resort in the foothills of  the  Vosges  mountains,  cheered  our
drooping  spirits most  wonderfully and we  began to see the humor of  the situation and to  take
courage.  We were given Army rations  of bully beef and hard tack,  beans, and  coffee soaked
in cognac, which was  too stiff for us.  We were four or six in a coach.  During the afternoon
we had a long stopover and everybody got  off the train and went to the station cafe to get some-
thing to eat.  We had a  fairly good  meal and some Vin rouge  to warm  us up.   Some  of us
purchased a bottle of it and carried it  back to the train.   The journey  seemed intermin-
able and we became stiff and cross, getting what sleep we could curled up on the seats.  No
lights were allowed, so the night seemed  never-ending.  The next  day the weather was brighter
and we took heart once  more. The country was more  interesting also.  We  passed  quaint villages
and  old chateaux, making a long detour to avoid  the battle areas.  About  eleven  o'clock of  our
second night we were  told  we would be  in Vittel in a  few minutes and to be  ready  to get off.
Needless  to record we were ready—one nurse not wishing to leave her good Vin rouge  behind
anchored it around her waist; in her hurry to get off the train she missed  the step and fell!  The
bottle, loosed from its  moorings, clattered  on the  platform and was smashed to pieces.  This is re-
corded as the first  tragedy in Vittel, Nov.  17th, 1917 !
     An  officer had been  detailed to billet us,  and he divided us into groups  and marched us
through  the  dark  streets  to the villas which were to be our homes for the  entire time of our  stay
at Vittel.  One group  found itself in  the Villa Jean Rose—another in Villa Molliere and another
in the Hotel des  Sports.  Hot broth, chocolate and cabbage soup were served to us,  and  after-
ward we were shown to our rooms  and got to bed  as quickly as possible,  feeling most grateful
for our safety and well being.  The rooms were cold and very damp, being built for summer
visitors.  They were not equipped with stoves,  nor fire-places, and very few  buildings in France
have furnaces, so we needed all our warm clothes and more.  There were  no bath tubs, all visit-
142 
The Galleries, Vittel.                                    Another View.
ors being expected to take their baths at the Hydrotherapy establishment and to pay for them, and
as this establishment had been closed, we were obliged to depend upon basins and small pitchers of
"eau chaude," which our landladies were  able to spare.  Two of the nurses had purchased a col-
lapsible rubber bath  tub in New York; it was rather hard to manage, but  proved popular.  It had
a way  of syphoning itself off onto  the floor after one got folded into  it,  which was most annoy-
ing.  We squandered our substance on small kerosene stoves, paying fabulous prices for kerosene
as it was scarce.  We could then cook a little. The first Sunday,  the  day after our  arrival, Dr.
Maxon had been busy  and had  secured the little English church where he  held a service  of
thanksgiving for our safe conduct.  It was a beautiful  morning and  we  were delighted to  find
ourselves located amid  such lovely surroundings.   The  foothills of  the Vosges  mountains  en-
circled us, pine woods and many varieties  of trees grew thickly around their base  and in the val-
ley, some  with huge bunches of  mistletoe  hanging from their branches.  Our  villas were located
on the Avenue des Tilleuls, the leaves of the Tilleuls  trees  being used to  make  Tilleuls tea—a
beverage much enjoyed by the French. In  the days that followed  we scrubbed  and arranged our
rooms.  Generally two  nurses were together  and shared the furniture provided; while some  of
us bought a little extra, which was a  great help. We hung or pinned up photographs of  friends at
home and began to feel at home amid our new surroundings.   As our  equipment had not arrived
we had no work to do, so had a wonderful opportunity to explore the village and the surround-
ing country, taking long "hikes"  over the  hills to distant villages and through the woods, where
we would sometimes come  suddenly upon a little shrine—ages old.   We were particularly im-
pressed by the lack of sanitation in  the villages around.  They seemed never to have emerged from
their primitive condition of hundreds of years before,  but were very  picturesque,  and the little
churches always interesting as well as  the people themselves.   We  found them always  most
courteous and  kind to the strangers  within their gates.   The women did their  weekly washing  in
the village trough  in cold water,  rubbing the clothes on stones.  Christmas was drawing near and
thoughts of home and friends were much in  our minds.   We were not allowed to send  word where
we were located and all our letters were censored, so we were more or less restricted in express-
ing our feelings and careful not by any chance to give information to the enemy.   As  Christmas
came on we  felt as though we would like to do something for  the children of the  village and in-
vited them all to a huge Christmas tree  in a large room of the Ceres, where the band played and
the children were given  little presents of nuts, fruits and candy.
    Five of the huge hotels were leased from the French for our use and as  our equipment be-
gan to arrive we got busy transforming them into Army hospitals. This was not easy, but we felt
very fortunate in having such handsome  buildings.  Many of the rooms had huge  plate-glass mir-
rors and handsome chandeliers, as  well as mural decorations.  They  all  had  elevators, but  for
143 
lack of power we could not use them, and our patients who could not walk were carried on stretch-
ers upstairs and down.  Electric wiring was there, but we could not. use it on account of the short-
age of coal, so we carried kerosene lanterns,  candles and flashlights for our night work.  All win-
dows were ordered heavily draped for fear of German aviators seeing us and giving information
of our location and  perhaps bombing us.

     Things rapidly  began to take shape—stoves were installed in corridors, wood and coal pro-
cured for fireplaces,  beds put up and made by the nurses.  The stove pipes were in most  cases in-
serted through the windows in order to avoid marring the walls.   They were poor stoves, so was
the coal.  The Boche  was in command of all  the best French coal fields and we had little but
slack, which smoked  most of the time and filled the halls and rooms with smoke.

     Mrs. Harris detailed  the nurses to duty  according to their previous experience whenever pos-
sible.  Some were given charge of  hospitals,  others of special departments, some general ward-
and-bedside nursing.  This, however, was changed from  time to time,  so that all might have a
varied experience; also day and  night duty.  There was much planning to be done and as the
plans covered a thousand-bed hospital for day and  night  duty, it  took some calculating  to make
ninety-eight nurses  go around.  We worked with a will, and were able to welcome four hundred
soldiers with measles, trench feet and mumps, Dec. 8th, at the end of three weeks.  Many of these
boys had colds, sore  throats, otitis media and eye  troubles, so the eye,  ear, nose  and throat de-
partment was  opened at once and in a very short time held  a clinic every  afternoon, at  which
sometimes a hundred would  be treated.  The French civilians soon learned to come to  us and many
were  the struggling  French youngsters Col. Shurly and Major Haughey operated on for removal
of tonsils and adenoids  and treated for  otitis  media  and chronic infection of nose and throat.
Occasionally we would operate in  some French home for cataract  removal or other minor eye
troubles.   In one case  at the far end of the  village the  doctor and nurse went frequently  to
arrest a  very  persistent nasal hemorrhage  in an old lady who felt that we saved her life. We
found the  French civilians  most  grateful and as there was no pecuniary reward accepted for our
services they would  insist upon bringing us fruit,  chickens, eggs,  wine,  flowers, and in one in-
stance, a large  bag of  snails!
     Due to the change of climate and unusual living conditions several of the nurses  became quite
ill with colds,  sore throats, bronchitis, and one of our number showed symptoms of  tuberculosis
and was ordered home.  These ill nurses were  brought over to  the Central Hospital, which was the
first opened, and put to bed with other nurses  in charge.  Their comforts were few, but nobody
complained and they were soon well and up again.  There was not much activity along the Front
at this time, so we had no wounded until early  in the Spring. Palace or Hospital C, was second
in readiness and  admitted  French wounded.  The  Ceres or  Hospital B was  third  in readiness.
This was a much larger, more modern and a handsomer hotel  than the  Central, beautifully situ-
ated,  overlooking sunken gardens, park and  hills beyond.  There were a few bath tubs and some
steam heat  in this hospital.  One bathroom  was assigned for the use of the  nurses temporarily
and was  much appreciated.   Miss Daily, who had been so ill on board ship was, about this time,
taken to Chaumont, Gen. Pershing's headquarters, 50 miles away where  the Roosevelt Unit from
New York was located. There she  had better care than it was possible for us  to give her at that
time as  our X-ray and other equipment were  in a chaotic condition. Several of our nurses were
there on duty.  In December a call was sent to our Base  from a place called Vaucouleurs, asking
for extra nursing help.  As we were not busy our C. O. ordered several nurses to proceed there
for duty, where they were on duty several weeks and  reported an interesting experience when
they returned.  (See Miss Gano's article.)
144 
Hotel des Sports.
          Villa des Tilleuls.
     As the Spring  advanced we began to be conscious of low rumbling sounds which at first we
 thought little  of, but as they became more and more frequent and louder we questioned our officers
 and were informed they were the explosions of the cannon of the Allies and that we were only 30
 miles from the front and  might have  to  evacuate at  a few hours notice—pleasant thought—
 French troops passed back  and forth  through the village either going to  the front or returning to
 rest billets.  Sometimes  the poor Poilus were sound asleep upon their lean,  jaded horses. Huge
 camions lumbered  back and  forth  so we  realized there was great activity along the lines.  We
 soon received our first convoy of wounded American  soldiers.  How  they were cut,  slashed and
 shot to pieces; large areas  of flesh  torn apart by the bursting shells and shrapnel, I cannot de-
 scribe. Ambulance load after load drove up to the hospitals from the Red  Cross convoy train which
 always warned us of its approach by  the most piercing  shriek I have ever heard.   I  for one can
 never forget that shrieking  whistle and the roll of the ambulances back and  forth from the train
 to  the  hospitals bearing their loads  of mutilated men.  It all  seemed too barbarous.  Stretcher
 after stretcher was unloaded and laid  on the floors of the receiving rooms, where  each identifica-
 tion disk was read  and the  soldier registered. Then the orderlies carried  them  to wards and fresh
 beds, where the nurses were ready with hot water, soap and towels to remove at least  some of the
 outer layer of trench mud and blood.  Many of them were alive with cooties and other vermin which
 the nurses unfortunately carried  home.  All clothes were  sent to the Field  Sterilizer for disin-
 fection and as it was impossible  to make a list of so many individual possessions,  much was  lost,
 which resulted in untold grief to the patients—little treasures brought or sent from home disap-
 peared,  never to be  seen again—but this was "war," and it was impossible to list every man's be-
 longings.   After the men were bathed the  doctors  came with dressing wagons  to  change dress-
 ings that in some cases had not been touched for three  days.   Gauze  had  grown to  the flesh,  and
 even with the utmost care the removal of this, and the packing, caused untold agony to the soldier.
 After the dressing  was accomplished the first request was "Give me a  cigarette,  please,  nurse."
 Doctors and nurses worked far  into and  sometimes all night bathing the patients  and  dressing
 wounds in the wards, while four or five  tables in each  operating room  would be  going  for the
 removal of shrapnel, amputations and more complicated wounds and fractures.  Not  a complaint
 was heard, but the moans were heartrending.  One poor boy, who in civil life was a fireman in
 Rochester,  New York, told me  he  would  be glad to go back at the Boche tomorrow.  (He had
 lost a hand and a leg, also his face was  terribly mutilated.)   He said, "I've  just  married an
awful nice girl and I am so  afraid she  will not want  me  now."  After a few busy weeks we
 would evacuate all  able  to  travel and have a spell of comparative quiet  and  relaxation.   During
 these  short periods we would  "play" as much as  possible.   Some of  the nurses rode horseback,
others cycled  through the lovely country,  others  preferred  golf or tennis.   Those  not  athletic
would stroll around the beautiful park with intimate friends  or knit for the "Boys."  This contin-
ued all summer.
145 
    A civilian member of our Unit whom I have not as yet mentioned was Miss Hammond, com-
monly called "Peggy."  She was a very finely educated and cultured young woman who was at-
tached to  our Unit as interpreter.  She also had  a charming personality which won our hearts
and she was "one of us" from start to finish.  Miss Hammond was able to  perform all kinds of
"odd  jobs."   She was an excellent interpreter; played her  'cello in church  and hospitals,  helped
other  nurses  when  they were rushed,  and finally  was put in command of  all  the French scrub-
women, whom she knew just how to handle.  She did not return with the Unit, but took up some
other  war work after we left.  Miss Hammond and Mr. Leonard Shepard were married soon after
her return to the U.  S. A.  They are living in Milwaukee and have one child.
    Miss Marion Porter, of the Y. W. C. A., was  assigned to  us (B. H.'s 36 and 23), and we
were  indeed fortunate in having as Hostess of our Red Cross Hut such a dignified gentlewoman.
She soon endeared herself  to us all by her impartial and  kindly interest in us, and presided and
aided  in all our social activities, providing  most  delicious  refreshments every afternoon  at  the
Hut,  which was built for us and furnished at great expense by Capt. Hunter Brown of the Amer-
ican Red Cross Society.  Miss Porter  was in charge  of  the Hostess  Houses in the Canal Zone,
Panama, in 1921-22.  When she first came the only available place for any  kind of social gather-
ings was the old bar-room at The Sports, across f rom our  mess room.   This she soon  converted
into a most attractive rest room.  She rented a piano, bought furniture and a tea set.  Soon  she
announced that tea and coffee would be served every afternoon and that there would be open house
for officers as well as nurses.  This meant a great deal to us all, as we had no sitting rooms in our
villas  where we could gather together.  Here we gave concerts and other entertainments which were
great  fun.   On Sunday afternoons we sang hymns  after tea.   Father Paul  Bonnet,  a  French
priest in the  military service, was  attached to  the Vittel Center as interpreter.  He took great in-
terest, in us all and often played the piano for us to sing.  He also took over many of the services
In the Chapel, where those nurses of  the Catholic  faith  worshipped.   Later when our Hut was
completed, Miss Porter moved "over there and  reigned  supreme.   She always visited  nurses who
were  ill, taking them little delicacies which the Army  could  not provide.  Miss Porter arranged
dances, card  parties and other entertainments  for  all  officers and  nurses of  Base 36.  These par-
ties and the good cheer dispensed so graciously by  Miss Porter provided an eminently necessary
relaxation and diversion for our arduous life at Vittel and  promoted cordial  relations between  the
two Units.
    A very stringent rule in the Army is that Army nurses may  have no social intercourse with
the privates.   As one at least, of  the  nurses had  a brother and others friends among the privates
of our Unit,  this was considered rather arbitrary and "Thou shalt not mingle" was  dubbed  the
eleventh commandment!
    Some of the nurses took  a  great deal of interest in the little  Episcopal  church.  Several sang
in the choir Sunday mornings, evening service being held either in one of the Hospitals or in the
Boys' Red Cross Hut, where hymns were chosen  and sung with great energy.
    The nurses took charge of  the decorating of  the little church for Christmas and Easter, and
other special days,  keeping fresh flowers upon the altar.  The  flowers  were afterward taken to
sick members of the Unit or sick soldiers,   These flowers were  gathered in the fields and woods
near  the villages, except during the winter  months, when they were  purchased.  The altar linen
was purchased by one of  the nurses, the lace  being made  by  women  of  Vittel.  Bruno  Jones
played the organ and Miss Hammond  her 'cello,  so our music was good.
    The handsome  Vittel  Casino  had  been taken over for the use of  the  two Units and in the
theatre entertainments of various kinds were given three or four  times a week.  We had moving
pictures, vaudeville, concerts, lectures  and minstrel shows.  One elderly gentleman of the Red
Cross,  (Judge Pollard, of Richmond,  Virginia)  delighted  the nurses with the following at the
close  of his lecture:
146 
TOAST TO THE TRAINED NURSE
        "Here's to the trained nurse—
         She has made sickness a luxury
         Getting well  a  regret.
         She has turned  our medicine into nectar
         Our beds of sickness into flowery beds of ease.
         She has made our doctors endurable,
         She has  transformed our Hospitals into havens of rest.
         Yes,  here's to  the trained nurse,
         When  she leaves us  she  leaves us with empty pockets,
         But with hearts full of sweet and tender memories,
         Of which we dare  not. speak in  the presence of our wives."
     Miss Margaret Wilson,  daughter of President Wilson, favored us with a concert,  singing
 popular  songs,  among them "A Perfect Day."   That song loosed the  flood-gates of tears  and
 many  of the  poor home-sick convalescent  soldiers sobbed audibly.

     Our struggles with  the  French language were ludicrous and  many were the embarrassing
 mistakes made.   However, the French were kind and did not make fun of us.  One nurse car-
 ing for a poor sick Poilu tried to tell him in her best French "that he would soon be better."  After
 repeating this several  days  she  noticed  a peculiar expression come over his face and decided she
 must have said  something wrong.   When she reached her room and consulted her dictionary she
 found to her dismay that she had told him he would soon be dead.   Another nurse shopping for
 a pincushion was shown  the family pig (cochon) !

     As time went  en that homesick  feeling was very apparent among us and sOme of the nurses
 consoled themselves by adopting dogs and  canary birds.   (Also  we adopted  a French orphan
 whom we never saw, but his name was to be Frank A. Day in memory of a "touching"  incident
 in our military  life.)  Ki Ki, a terrier, became the pet and also the despair of the Hotel des Sports.
 "Centime" was another well known dog, but his  popularity was short lived.
     We  loved  to shop and the  little  stores  along the Rue de la Gare offered many attractions in
 the way  of hand-made lace.  Most of it is made by  the  women  of  Vittel.   Lorraine china,
 marked with the double cross of Lorraine and the thistle of Alsace, was  very much desired, also
 hand-made beaded bags and motifs.  Many of these were  purchased  and  sent home as souvenirs.
 A woman refugee from  Naney was kept busy by the nurses and officers of Base 36 ; she supported
 herself and three children from the sale of her hand-made beaded  bags.  This woman's husband
 was  a  prisoner  of war in Germany for four years.  We were able to help her, through the gener-
 osity of Mrs. Gilbert Lee, of Detroit,  to  buy shoes for her children.  She  sent food every week
 to her husband in prison, who after the Armistice, was released.   We will never forget her face
 when she told us her husband was coming home.  There were so many little families left  without
 a father  in those sad  times;  and this  same Detroit friend  kept a  family  of eight children and
 a returned sick  Poilu father in milk and eggs for  several months.
    As the summer advanced whispers of  furloughs  were heard and finally a group of nurses
 started for Nice and Cannes.  Traveling was much  disorganized and uncomfortable during the war,
 but we got used to it, and the prospect of freedom and two weeks of sight-seeing was very exhil-
arating, and nobody cared about the discomforts of the trip  South.
147 
    From time to time groups of nurses were sent away to observe conditions  and methods ot
treatment in  other centers, gaining much of value to be used in our own hospitals.  Groups went
to Ris Oranges, Paris, the American Ambulance at Neuilly, and Compiegne.

    During January  six  of  the nurses  had mumps, one had measles and  eight others were in
bed with various complaints, and we all longed  for  the relief  of  Spring.

    January  7th  Major Barrett gave us a talk about his experiences during his visit to  the British
trenches.  He reported  a wonderful morale and determination to win the war among the troops.

    January  10th our Mess was established, with  one of  the nurses as dietitian.   A  few days
later we  all felt sure that the much-talked-of horse meat was served  to  us;  we had  never tasted
the like of it!

    When we arrived in Vittel we were obliged to take our meals with our French hostesses in
the villas where we lived.  Black bread,  confiture, cafe au lait or chocolate was provided  for break-
fast.  Usually a roast of  veal or mutton, with haricot or some other vegetable,  black  bread and
confiture or  a  French "tarte"  for  dinner.   Supper  much  the same—rather small  portions of
everything.

    February—General Pershing visited us quite unexpectedly about this time, and everybody felt
more  or  less ill at ease.   However, he only remarked  our unmilitary appearance  and deportment,
which did not worry us  much, as he could hardly expect us to  be  perfect soldiers in so short  a
time.

    January  18th Private Jack Yuill of B. H.  36 died of pneumonia  and  all nurses  who  were
able attended his funeral.  He was laid to rest in the American Section of  the  Vittel  Cemetery,
with full military honors.

    At the end of March great excitement was caused one day by the falling  to earth of a German
balloon.  There was no basket, so we concluded  it must have drifted away from  its  moorings by
the German lines. There was not  much left of it after the souvenir hunters  got through with it.

    Many of the nurses  suffered hives during the Spring,  and we thought the unaccustomed diet
was to blame for  it.  Parcels of all kinds of things began to arrive from home—clothes,  shoes, and
good  things to eat.   Many of  these  were a great surprise, and delighted us.  One nurse received
an electric grill, with full cooking outfit, which came through without a mar.  This was perverted
from  its original delectable purpose for sterilizing instruments in the eye,  ear,  nose and throat
department.  Soon an order  came through restricting all packages, and  we,  of course,  cheerfully
sacrificed them.

    In April eight nurses were detached and sent on special temporary duty to Baccarat, a  Field
Hospital, so  were within a  few miles  of  the lines,  where they had  thrilling experiences.

    Vittel Park and  surrounding country and woods were  all  very beautiful during the Spring
and summer.  Wild  flowers in great variety and profusion  grew in the fields and woods; lilies of
the valley in  huge patches in the woods, and  crocuses in  the fields,  as  well as most lustrous cow-
slips or "cuckoos," as the French call them.

    Decoration  Day  was observed in fitting manner by all members of the  two  Units  who  could
be spared. A parade to the cemetery with  a small company of French  infantry.   Here we dedi-
cated  a stone to the memory of Jack Yuill, and decorated the graves  of fifteen   other  American
boys laid to rest.   Next day we received our first gassed soldiers—200 of them, in bad shape.  Our
first experience of the  strangulation and suffering was  painful to witness.
148 
    In June we admitted 350 English Tommies.  Some of the nurses  said they found they had
to learn English all over again.  The Tommies thought our  hospitals wonderful,  and were very
appreciative; said they had not slept in beds for over  a year, nor had  such  good food since  the
war began.  They brought us some strange colonies from the front!
    During the Summer a commissary department was opened, and we were allowed to purchase
candy once a week,  tea, coffee, jam and other delicacies.
    The Guignal appeared in the Park.   This is the French "Punch and Judy" show, and drew
large  crowds of young and old people.   The music was always the very popular air, "Madelon."
    From June on, when the dreadful slaughter of our Allies' victorious drive began, our con-
voys of wounded soldiers poured in and  all members of the Unit worked early and late in Operat-
ing Rooms, Wards, X-Ray department,  Treatment  Rooms,  Pharmacies  and  Offices.  In fact,
everywhere there was great activity.  From operating  table to sick  bed, from sick bed to wheel
chair and  crutch.   Convalescent  American, English, French and Algerian soldiers could be seen
sitting around in the Park, dressed  in pajamas covered by Turkish toweling, bathrobes and sandals.
In wheelchairs pushed by a comrade, others on crutches, arms in slings, bandaged  heads, and
other disabilities. One of the saddest sights to me was the group of convalescents outside Hos-
pital  A in the gray light of  early dawn,  with  their packs on their backs, vari-colored Red Cross
bags, containing precious trifles slung over their arms, ready to march to the trains which were to
carry them back to the  front and all  the horrors of war.   If the women  who made and filled
those Red Cross bags could have heard "the boys" beg  for them, they would have felt  fully repaid
 for time and effort expended.
     A diversion for our convalescents, as well as ourselves, which we  very much enjoyed  was
 baseball  in Shurly  Field, where  our own team  played against B.  H.  23 and  other  teams who
 challenged us.   The whole Base turned out, as well  as the French  population.   Many were  the
 wagers lost and won and we all did our share of rooting.
     July 4th was celebrated in true American style; the hospitals and the village were decorated
 with  flags and streamers.  At 9 a.  m. the personnel of the two Units  assembled on  the  parade
 ground and  marched through the  village, headed  by the Post  band.  A  company of  French
 troops and another of British Tommies marched with our own convalescent soldiers.   Flags were
 carried and it was indeed a great occasion.   Following the parade  there were addresses given in
 the Park from the grand stand by the  Mayor of Vittel, French officers and  our own  officers.   In
 the  afternoon  there was a  baseball game between   36  and  23,  an   exciting   game, Base   23
 winning, 2 to 1.
     The Red Cross gave a lawn fete at the Officers'  Club from 5 to 7 p. m., to which we were
 all invited.  In the evening  there was a little musical play at the Casino, put on by  some of  the
 members of  Base  15,  from Chaumont.  The weather was delightful during  the Summer, not  too
 hot, long beautiful  twilights, and the exquisite song of the nightingales  up  until  10  o'clock, and
 later, the atmosphere was remarkably clear and seemed to bring  the hills close to us.
     July 14th  was  the French national Independence Day,  which we helped  to  celebrate.   There
 were addresses in the public square, and the presentation  of  decorations by a French General to
 those parents  who had lost  sons  in the war.   Huge wreaths were made  and carried  to  the
 cemetery,  many of them made of  colored beads.
     About July 20th we received  approximately  1,000 patients in Vittel,  from  the Soissons-
 Chateau Thierry front.   There was another rush of strenuous, heart-breaking work,  as they were
 all more or less seriously wounded.   Officers, men  and nurses  rose to these  emergencies with the
 supreme strength and efficiency which alone could cope with the situation, never resting until they
 had accomplished  all they could  to make  our poor boys as comfortable as was humanly possible.
149 
    July 28 another ambulance train came, and all our wards were packed, with beds and cots over-
flowing  into the corridors.  Day  nurses were called at 2 :30 a. m. to help the night nurses give baths
and make the sick and wounded comfortable; they were, fully compensated when they saw the clean,
contented faces looking out between fresh white  sheets on rows and  rows of cots.
    August 7th we read in the Paris edition of the New York Herald  the account of  the torpedo-
ing in the English Channel of the Red Cross Hospital Ship Warilda.  We had  spent  a night and
day on this boat in Southampton.  Troops of  French  and British Airplanes were constantly flying
over Vittel, and one day a German 'plane was seen with British 'planes in  pursuit.  About this  time
our Base became an  evacuation clearing station,  and  we were doing as  many  as 300 operations
a  day.
    September 5th; the first anniversary of our taking the oath of allegiance.
    September 6th; just a year since we left Detroit, and to celebrate  we had a fancy dress party
at the Sports,  which was great  fun.   There was dancing, cards and  fortune-telling.
    September  7th the Colonels and  Majors gave  a most  delightful picnic up  in  the hills,  to
which several  of the nurses were invited.   Colonel  Shurly drove a donkey cart loaded with  pro-
visions.   All followed him through the woods to a  clearing,  from where there was a wonderful
view,  and here we built a fire and cooked a delicious supper of  steak and potatoes  and  topped with
Detroit  candy.   These parties, given in the intervals of  hard, nerve-racking work,  were much
needed  and enjoyed  by  the  nursing personnel.   We also had a  "barbecue" during the summer,
and in the evening, so that nearly all the members of  the  Units were  able to be  there at least  part
of  the time.  We roasted a sheep  whole, and after supper  indulged  in outdoor sports.  These
"bright  spots" helped very much to keep up our morale.
    Many picnics were given during  the summer,  sometimes to  distant points, but more often
nearer home, in the woods, after the day's work  was done and we had time to  rest there.
    As the Autumn advanced we received more medical than surgical  cases. Influenza and pneu-
monia became very prevalent among the American troops.  Some of the soldiers reached us only
in time to die.  We admitted them with high temperatures and in a very weakened condition, due
to inevitable exposure and lack of care.
    At one time we had a large number of negroes.   Their-"miseries" were amusing,  as  well
as  very  pathetic.  They usually  made good recoveries, and, much to our surprise, stood the rigors
of the French climate, as well as the exposure, better than the white troops.
    The nurses were ordered to wear surgical gowns and masks when  on duty  with these medical
cases, as a protection to themselves.  Some  of our  number  contracted  influenza,  however,  and
Mrs.  Widdicomb was desperately ill  for a  long time; Miss  Duncan, and  several others, with
rheumatism, Miss Stahl  with  heart trouble.
    About this  time we were told that we might  purchase and wear  the blue "overseas" cap, with
the insignia, Lorraine cross,  and  A. S. (advance   section).   Anything  for  a  change!  We
missed  our store clothes and "frills," so we bought  our caps as quickly as possible and were kept
busy embroidering our insignia to sew on them,  with chevrons for our coat sleeves.  Each nurse
embroidered the insignia  for  some favored man (or men)  of the Unit  as  well.  We  all felt
dressed up when they were  finally finished and in place.  (After the first six months a gold service
stripe was in order.)   This made another diversion, and we began to feel conscious of our dec-
orations and a little "puffed up" in the presence of civilians.
    An amusing incident is told of Miss Blanche Myers, on  furlough in Paris.   She squandered
her substance on a ticket for the Opera.  She could not understand why the women ushers kept
coming up to her whispering (and gesticulating) something in French.   This caused her much em-
barrassment and annoyance until she finally was  helped out by another  American who under-
stood French—"that they were  telling  her  she  must remove  her  hat,"  which  she had  for-
gotten to do.
150 
    Miss Witbam (also on furlough) was en route to Versailles.   In her excitement and hurry
to get on the train, she handed the guard at the gate, not her ticket for Versailles, but the stub of
her theatre ticket of the night before.   The prompt appearance of an American M. P. alone saved
her from the embarrassment of arrest for trying to defraud the French Railroad Company!
    November 11th of  glorious memory!   The Armistice was signed and the frightful slaughter
of the manhood of Europe and America was over.  But oh, how many broken bodies and minds to
heal!
    Base 36 celebrated  as loudly and joyously  as possible.   Everybody  in the  village paraded,
laughed and wept, sang, danced and drank.  We were indeed merry  for "la guerre finie"  was on
everybody's tongue and our hearts were rejoicing.   Nurses who happened  to be in Paris on fur-
lough reported wild scenes of joy and abandon.   A famous prima  donna sang the "Marseillaise"
from the balcony of  the Opera House.   The populace  were  dancing, shouting,  embracing  each
other and anybody in the street.  The crowds were  so  great  it  was  almost  impossible to get
through or home in any way.  It was an experience never to be forgotten, for the Hun was beaten
at last and  driven  from  France.
     We had but few patients after December 1st.  I was on night duty and shall always remember
our last convoy of returned prisoners of war from Germany.  They were almost all able to walk,
and came in a long file from the Gare to the Ceres about midnight.   Such a motley crew!  Some
had no hats, others no coats; some  wore colored  smocks, others had no shoes.  They were  ema-
ciated  and worn—some of them were weak and ill—but the expression of every man's face was
one of happiness and relief,  for he was with his own  once  more.   Everybody had a  German
souvenir, which nothing would  have induced him to leave behind.  They were hungry and cold,
but we soon  made  them comfortable and happy with hot coffee and clean  beds.
     From  this time on we were not so rushed, and  Christmas was a very happy time for us all.
The nurses and Miss Hammond gave a large  party  for the  French mothers  and children.  They
came from far and near, an endless stream, it seemed.  We fortunately had enough candy, etc., to
go round,  and a  number of  gifts.  We entertained  them in the  large room at  the  Palace.
     We had  some Christmas entertainments, dancing and bridge parties at the Hut.  The nurses
had more time for recreation of all kinds, as there was so much  less work  to be done and the hours
were not so  long.
     We bought and distributed baskets of food for the very poor of the village on Christmas Eve
 (in a  drenching rain).   These baskets were most gratefully received.  The poor French had been
hungry for many months.
     Soon  came the news "the hospitals are to be closed."  One  after the other was  cleared of
 American beds, etc., until only the Ceres remained open.  There were several nurses ill there, as
 well as a few remaining patients.  The well nurses took turns in nursing the ill ones, and this con-
tinued until the Unit was ordered home, in. February.
     In conclusion, I will add that when it is remembered, aside  from civilians, between 15,000 and
 20,000 cases from among the Allied forces came under the nurses' care, some idea may be attained
 of the arduous  work carried through by our  Nursing Corps.  I  have laid more stress upon the
 pleasant side  of  the nurses' work  at Vittel, because of the natural repugnance of human nature
 to  dwell upon the horrible side of the Great War with which we came in contact.  There were
 hours  of  feverish, agonizing  work,  when the nerves of the body and the faculties of the soul
 seemed one raw,  quivering surface, across which the irrepressible screams of our poor boys drew
 red-hot knives.    Inured  as  we all were to the pain and tragedy upon  which  the nurse's life
 is  founded, these terrible hours of Vittel called forth  powers of  endurance  and  steadfastness
which seemed incredible to  human nature, until divinely merged  in the sustaining strength which
never  fails nor falters.
151 
    In January about twenty nurses volunteered for further service in the Army, and were ordered
to proceed by ambulance and train to Treve and Coblentz with the  Army of Occupation, where
they served several months in various hospitals.
                                                               Evelyn  Cooper,
                                                                 A. N.  C.  A.  E.  F.
    (With extracts  from the diary of Miss Emma Josephine McCaw.)

                 Experiences at Chaumont In Detached Service
    About the first of December,  Miss Maude Arkell, Miss  Julia Stahl, Miss  Caldwell,
Miss  Nellie Cavern, Miss Gorman  and Miss Hedley were ordered to proceed  to Chaumont
(General Pershing's Headquarters)  to  report for  duty at B. H. 15, where extra help was
needed.  They left Vittel at 5 o'clock  in the morning.   Traveling  during war  time  was
most  difficult, particularly for  those of us who could not speak or understand the French
language.  Because of that handicap  they  passed Chaumont where they should  have got-
ten off the train and  rode  several miles further on, and after midnight, too.  When they
found out  their mistake they  left  the  train at the next stop and sat  on their suitcases in
the very dreary  station waiting for  the  train  to  take  them  back to  Chaumont.   After
many tears and  much discomfort they finally arrived at Chaumont, where  an  American
M. P. telephoned up to Base 15 for an ambulance to take them there.  Upon arrival at the
Hospital they were shown  into cold stone  barracks at 2 o'clock in the morning.  Base 15
nurses were very hospitable and crawled out of bed to get them food and something hot
to drink.  No baggage had  come up with them, so  that was another  handicap.   However,
they  went to bed and the next morning went on ten hour duty  in their  outdoor  uniforms.
They were all assigned to  general ward duty.   Had  an  excellent  "mess"  and when at
leisure enjoyed the quaint old town and beautiful  surrounding country. One of the "sights"
of Chaumont was a camel that had been "drafted" from a  circus  for duty in the Army.
Poor  thing!  His dignity was  much offended by his position hitched up with a string of
mules.
    Chaumont  had  a very exciting air raid while they were there and everybody in town
went  to the Churches  to pray  and remained there all night.
    All nurses had drilling in  the use of gas masks, being obliged to wear  them during
long tramps.
                                                           Maude Arkell,  A. N. C.

              Experiences at Chateau Chalaine Near Vaucouleurs
    November  30th twelve  nurses were ordered to proceed to Chelaine for duty.  We were
called at 5 a. m., Dec. 1st, had our breakfast of black  bread and cafe-au-lait, and  left in
a motor  truck  at 6 o'clock.   Five of our officers  accompanied us,  and as each had  a  suit
case and blanket roll we did not have  much  room to  move around.   We drove through
beautiful country and passed  several  large  American  camps.   Arrived at  Neufchateau,
where we were  to  take a train which was  due at  9:15 a. m.   We sat  around  the dirty
little  station  until 10  o'clock,  when we found to  our disgust that  our train had  gone and
that we would have to wait until 5 p. m.  We started out to explore the town.  We found
nothing interesting.  It was very dirty  and  poverty stricken.  We went to  a hotel for din-
ner and had a fairly good meal, considering we were in France.  There were many soldiers
in the village and they told us they were there to  bury a comrade  who had died of pneu-
monia.  About 2 p. m. I heard music  and found that the funeral procession was passing.
First  came the 2nd Regiment  band from Springfield, Mass., U.  S. A., then the Ambulance
with  casket draped in American flag;  then  two soldiers  carrying flowers, two more bear-
ing French funeral  wreaths  made of beads,  after them the rest of the company. The music
was so solemn  and so sad several of the boys in the band were  playing, with tears rolling
152 
down their  cheeks.  We followed to the cemetery.   The  boys carried  the plain  wooden
casket on their shoulders to the grave.  There  was a short service by the Chaplain, the
men fired three salutes  and,  after a pause, from the other side of the cemetery came the
sound  of "Taps,"  and it was all  over.  By this  time I was  crying my eyes out and made
up  my mind to write  his people in Springfield, Mass.   At 4:36 we found  our  train at the
station.  We were seven or eight in  a compartment and  played rhum all the way  to Vau-
couleurs, where we arrived at 6 :45  p. m.   We were met by an ambulance and driven a short
distance,   to some  large  iron  gates   which  were swung  open  at  our  approach.   We
drove up in front  of an old chateau and entered an immense  hall with tiled floor and beau-
tiful hand carved  stairway.   The Major in charge came  forward and  welcomed  us  very
cordially.  We had  expected to find  a hospital with  nurses  already installed.  Instead, the
Major announced  that the place had  been taken  over by the Americans just four days ago
and that they already had 150  patients; 50 had mumps and  measles and there  was no wo-
man in  the place.  We  were shown upstairs  to  our rooms,  two very large ones with six
beds in  each and  a  beautiful wood fire in the grate.   We had a fine supper,  roast beef,
mashed  potatoes,  peas,  white bread and  butter,  the best meal we had had in  France and
the first  white bread since the S. S. Orduna.  Private soldiers waited  upon us and said we were
the first  American women they had talked to  in  two  months.  There was  no bathroom  in
the Chateau, so we had  to forego that luxury  there, too.  Breakfast at 7 :30  a. m., and after-
wards  such  a day's work.  Miss Abramson, who was in charge, talked with the Major and
we were assigned to  duty.   Misses Hine,  Pailca and  Moran  were  given  the  acute  cases
of pneumonia and meningitis, Misses  McDonald  and Duncan the  mumps,  Miss Thompson
and Miss Bach were given night duty,  Mrs. Lohr was to special a very sick man who had
meningitis.  Miss Dwyer  and I were sent to the surgical ward,  and Miss Abramson and
Miss Medhurst took charge  of  the Operating  Room.  Miss Dwyer and I were  led through
the yard past the barn  to the  long barracks  which was our ward.   Such a sight as met
our eyes! Everybody was in the worst  mess I ever saw.  About forty men  were lying  in
those awful French cots in dirty blankets,  and so much dirt  I never  saw.   We  worked like
troopers  all day, but  did not seem to accomplish a thing; got most of them between sheets,
but a bath  was out  of the question, as  it was too cold and we had so little  tc work with.
We had  several fractures and a lot of treatments.  The location there was very beautiful.
We were just behind  the River Meuse, where a  battle was fought between the  British,
French and  Germans.   The  river was  clogged with the bodies.   Joan of Arc was  born
there, and is said  to  have led her troops  past this chateau.
    Dec. 5th another busy day.  Five new fracture cases  and a number of Alabama boys
with otitis media; such  youngsters, many of them only eighteen,  and all  so appreciative
We  did  dressings and irrigated  ears all day.  The boys were so grateful for a little warm
water to wash  in.
    They had been  washing  in watering  troughs and sleeping on the floors of lofts, and all
of them  were  so dirty and ashamed of  it.   It was so cold,  water froze in our  ward the
night before, and  our  feet nearly froze  in  the morning before the  sun came up.  We were
so busy we  could  not  wash our patients every day, but had to depend on one or two of the
patients who were up, to give water, etc.
    Dec. 6th, Thursday, we  were sent for  to  the  C. K., where one of the officers  told us
that the  Germans  were making a big  drive towards this region and we  were  to move as
soon as possible.   200  patients to move  and just as we were making t^iem comfortable.  We
could hear the  guns very  plainly and they  say we are only  six or seven miles away from
them.  There was an  air raid about four miles from here last  night.   Our lights all  went
153 
out at the time, but we did  not  know what it meant.  We seem to be in great danger and
some of the girls are afraid  to  go  to bed, as we were told we might have to move during
the night.  We were  very careful not to let any of  the patients know what  was troubling
us.  However, some of them went out and saw the men  packing up, but thought we  were
going to a Base Hospital.
    Sunday,  Dec.  9th.   Still  at  Chelaine and nothing  new  except  that  they  are  sending
the patients  away; but  more come in  as fast as they move out.  They say we must be
out of here by the 12th.   Have  several  men who should be operated upon at  once, but have
nothing here to  do it with.  I took a walk over to Vaucouleurs  yesterday and saw the ruins
of the chapel where Jeanne D'Arc received her troops.  The guns seemed very near all day
and the ground  seemed to shake.
    Friday, December 14th.   Very little has developed in the past few  days.  Have evac-
uated the patients as fast as they were able to  go.   Base 18  is full, so we are sending all
now to Base 36 at Vittel.  We  have very little to  do now, so  are only  on duty  half days.
Vaucouleurs is very  interesting; there is a factory  for  making monuments and statuary
there. We could  have a very good time here if only there were no Army  rules.
    Dec.  19th.   Back in Vittel and the Des Sports once more.  We  drove  back  in  an  am-
bulance and passed miles of French Artillery on the way.      Mary  Gano,  A. N. C.

                                       Baccarat
    On May 29th, 1918, two night nurses of Base Hospital No. 36 were out in the meadow
picking  marguerites with  which  to decorate the graves on the morrow, when their attention
was called to a truck, from which the voice of the  assistant chief nurse called,  "There is
a call for ten nurses  for special duty at the front, to be  ready  in half an hour.  Will you
go?"  The reply was  more remarkable for  its enthusiasm than its grammar—"WILL we?",
and  they  immediately started in the direction of the quarters, stopping on the way to warn
their  particular  friends to hurry and volunteer,  before the team was made.
    The trip as  told in the diary of  one  of the nurses is as follows:—
    "After the usual order and counter order, we finally  climbed into the waiting  ambu-
lances, and received some queer looking bags, as well as a multitude of minor instructions,
and we were off.  I  sat immediately  behind the  driver, who, having covered the  ground
several times before, could occasionally call our attention  to objects  of  passing interest as
we flew by.  We certainly did not waste any time;  I  had no idea  that  ambulances could
travel so fast.
    "As the distance  increased between us and the Base, the  hamlets and villages through
which we passed showed more and  more evidence  of  the gentle footprints of  the  Boche;
and we learned that this country had been occupied by the enemy  in 1914, but was aban-
doned—their attention  being more  closely  centered on the other end of the line—nearer
the sea.
    "The  queer looking bags contained gas masks; and the officer in charge, when the ma-
chines stopped for a few minutes en route, briefly explained their method of use, and told
us that  the reason  of  the  emergency call was a severe attack during the night of  gas shells
mixed with high  explosive—a new trick, which had cost  the Americans a good many lives.
    "Having learned  that the 42nd Division was  located in this sector,  the  Germans had
become  very inquisitive, and were paying them considerable attention.  Slowing up to pass
through the village of Epinal, our attention was called to  the church  spire, which had been
severely riddled by  shrapnel; but the clock was still running, and keeping good time.  This
was regarded by the natives  as a good omen—as long as  the clock  kept going  they would
be safe.
    "In due course we arrived at our destination, just in time for lunch—served in a large
154 
tent, on the roof of which was a big Red Cross.  The evacuation hospital was located on the
outskirts of Baccarat, famous for its  cut  glass; and our buildings were in fairly good con-
dition—two story brick school  buildings, and several tents.
    "In our interview with the chief  nurse,  Miss Mary MacDonald, afterwards decorated
with the Distinguished  Service Cross,  we learned that the situation was  considered quite
serious.  We each  had  to print our name, Hospital number, and present  assignment, on a
piece  of  linen (we had no  identification disks in those days),  and sew it securely on our
clothing; we must never go anywhere without  the small type of gas mask—the French
type—night or day, on  duty or off, in  or out  of bounds.  If we were allowed pass off duty,
we were to sign  in a book, the direction  in  which we were going, and  the approximate
length of time we expected to be gone.  All these  precautions indicated  the  anxiety caused
by the intermittent air raids.
    "We learned  that over thirty patients had died during the  night; and that two  of the
barbers,  who had cut the  hair of the men on admission, had succumbed also, from the gas
which  clung to the men, even after the initial alkaline bath had been given.  So realizing
that we  were indeed 'somewhere in  France' in earnest, we  went on duty, and were kept
exceedingly busy for  the next three days.
    "The nights, though 'quiet' according to reports, were far  from restful.  A second gas
attack, much less  severe than the first, and for  which the men were more prepared, was
not nearly so disastrous; but the three ambulances which had failed to  return  the night
before had to be  given up as lost; either  they had been blown  to atoms, or the drivers had
been killed  by the gas from which  they  were trying  to rescue  their comrades.
    "A real hero  of the first night was the secretary of the Y. M. C. A., who, though warned
of the  danger of going  out without a mask, continued to help bring in  the  boys,  until he,
too, 'went West.'
    "Our first night there we did not  sleep at all; but by  the next night  we  were mighty
glad of the  little  French cots, and managed to get some rest, in defiance  of the  '75's, ma-
chine guns, and  'H.  E.,' which  occasionally  reminded us that  we were not at home in the
good old U. S. A.
    "I had a ward of twenty beds; seven of the men were on oxygen the  first day, admin-
istered for twenty minutes of each alternate hour; each man had at  least  one alkaline  bed
bath per day, and none were allowed  to do a  thing for themselves,  even  though they felt
equal to do so.   They  were very good about lying still—in fact  seemed  glad to do so—
until the third day, by which time most of them were in fair condition.  On  this morning
there  was a battle  in the air,  and it was difficult to keep them in  bed—they were as ex-
cited as if it were  a ball game. The man in the bed nearest the window, leaning up on his
elbow, watched the affair,  and kept up a running description  of its progress.
    "This was when  I  was afraid that half of my 'star'  cases  would get  out of bed,  and
undo  all that the  rest  and  treatment  had done.  They did not,  however;  and I breathed a
sigh of deep relief  when the last man  was carried out to  the  train, to be  transferred  to
the Base, and I could report 'No deaths.'
    "How  good  it  seemed to  get back to  the  Base, and get water to wash with!  The water
supply in and around the  Evacuation Hospital was badly polluted, so very  little was used,
and this  not until  the top sergeant had emptied  a whole tube of Chlorine into each small
bucket.
    "It was no use;  you might  call it 'coffee' for breakfast, or 'tea' for supper, but it was
all just plain Chlorine to the taste.
    "Looking back on  the  continuous and strenuous action  of those days and nights, it is
difficult to classify one's impressions.   We only knew that we had been very close to a
great  war; close enough to  wear  a gas mask; to  see day  break through a mist of smoke,
155 
and in a din of conflict; and to admire the  m  ettle of the American doughboy, his fortituc
his sympathy with  the  buddie  whom he considered worse off than himself, his philosphic
endurance, and unfailing sense of humor.
                                                          Edith Medhurst.
                                                                   R. A. N. C.
                                                                         A. E.  F."
                           "Experiences at Compiegne"
                                                           Vittel, March 7th, 1918.
    The following  nurses will  report at Compiegne for duty March 10th: Malinda Harvey,
Josephine Valentine, Agnes Reid, Aurel Baker.
                                                        Signed—
                                                              Major  Phillips, C. O.
    Probably no order  ever written  made  four nurses  any  happier  than this  one  and we
began  making our  preparations for the trip immediately.  These preparations  not only in-
cluded pressing blue  serge  uniforms, but also a visit to the  Mayor of Vittel in  order to get
a sort  of passport  which gave one permission to travel.
    On the morning of our departure we were up at five A.  M.  Ethel Lickely and "Peggy"
Lockhart, on  night duty at Des  Sources, had a good  breakfast ready for us and  then  the
ambulance called to take us to  Gondrecourt.   We took  the train here  direct for Paris,
spent the night there and  started for  Compiegne next morning, after a three hour ride.
    We  reported immediately  to our French C. O. and found  that  we were privileged to
observe  and assist with dressings both at  the Ambrine and Carrel-Dakin  Hospitals.  As
the dressings for the day had  already been done, the C. O. suggested that we use the after-
noon for sight seeing and report next morning for duty.
    It  was such a beautiful sunny day that  we decided to take a  ride through  the wonder-
ful forest of Compiegne.  For  fifteen kilos  we rode through the woods before there was an
opening  in the forest.  At  one point a young fawn crossed the road before us.   Finally we
arrived at a village and visited  chateau Pierrefonds, the chief object of interest in the town.
    Coming  home  we were all four almost asleep from the  warmth  of  the sun and jolting
of our cabby, when suddenly something went wrong with our  nag and she began to  kick
and run.  The driver was  kicked and rolled out. Then we nurses took turns jumping out,
all  except Lindy, and she was thrown  out  when  the horse jumped over one of those  ever
present roadside stone  piles.   We were all  rather badly shaken up and bruised, but Agnes
fared  worse.  She had a broken  arm.  A French  captain brought us to  our  hotel  in  his
automobile and  we finally  got  settled down for the night, we thought.   However, at  nine
P. M., just  as we were getting drowsy, a siren blew.   One  knew what it was for without
being told.  The hotel clerk told us we must all go to the cellar.  The lights went off.  And
with all  our  pains and stiffness we had to grope our way to the cellar.  A few candles were
lighted  and an American Officer was down  there whistling  "When You Come to the  End
of a Perfect Day," etc.  We finished the Perfect  Day, our  first  in Compiegne, in the cel-
lar.  Soon after twelve P. M. the  bugle  sounded which indicated  that the Boche planes
were across  their boundaries and we climbed the stairs to  our rooms.
    For  the next few days  I will let my diary tell the story:
    March 11th.  Again the occupants of  Palace  Hotel are in the cellar and as I write, the
machine guns are popping, aimed at German planes.   Last night they did not use the anti-
air craft guns, but  tonight  they  are being fired just out in our street.  The  chateau of
Napoleon III is just across the  street and  is being used as  military headquarters, so is an
objective point.
    March 12th. The air  raid kept  us in the cellar until one  this A.  M., so  it was with
some  effort that we arose  at eight  A. M.  to get  to the hospital at nine, where  we were
15fi 
allowed to assist in the dressing of burn-cases, using ambrine treatment.  The dressing is
removed very carefully so  as not to destroy granulations.  The wound is then irrigated with
a weak solution of peroxide and  then thoroughly dried with a machine like an electric hair
drier.  Ambrine is then applied with a spray and covered with a thin cotton dressing.
More ambrine is applied over that and then covered with a liberal amount of cotton to keep
the heat in.  This  must be kept in place well by  bandaging.   It  is  a  very  comfortable
dressing.  Another siren tonight.  We all  went to the cellar,  but no guns  were fired.
    March 13th.  Helped  dress  a few cases with  ambrine this morning.  Agnes had  her
arm X-Rayed and  they found a  fracture with no displacement.  However, she secured  an-
other cabby  for us and we took a nice trip through the  Poorest of  Compiegne once  more,
only in a different direction than  we went Sunday.  We passed a good many  German pris-
oners working on  the  roads.  At  Choisy-Au-Bac many buildings were in ruins.  All  along
the way we  saw barbed  wire entanglements, and at Bailly we went right into the trenches,
first the French and  then  the  German.   These were occupied  about a year ago, when  the
Germans  were  driven  back.   No  man's land was  being plowed  and a few houses in  the
town had been  re-built.
    March 14.  Met  Elsie DeWolfe at  the Ambrine Hospital  today.  She maintains  hex
own little dressing room there.
    March 15th.  Miss DeWolfe invited me to help her dress a case.  Later  all American
and French nurses, the French C. O., and Miss DeWolfe had their picture taken in the court
back  of Ambrine  Hospital.    |||  ^
    March 17th.  Finish observations at Ambrine Hospital.  Went  to have tea with Miss
DeWolfe at  her lovely little villa.  In the cellar again for protection.
     March  18th.   Started our observations at Carrel-Dakin Hospital today.  The  hospital
was never so nearly empty, we are told.
     March 19th.  Watched the dressings at Carrel-Dakin  Hospital this A.  M.  and had  a
lecture by an English speaking  doctor about the  use of Dakin's solution.
     March 20th.   Saw two operations  at  the  Carrel-Dakin Hospital.  They  operate with
very  little fuss—no clean nurse—no  hand solutions—a  nurse  gives  ether.   The  O. R.  has
not been repainted since being taken over as  a hospital.  This evening Unit 23 nurses  en-
tertained us at a 500  party.   Just as refreshments were being served we  heard the  boom
of  distant cannon.   It continued  steadily all  evening.  Guess  that  Spring  Drive we have
been  talking about so  long is here at last,  (and it was).
    March 21st.  Secretary Baker  and  General Pershing are in  Compiegne today.  I saw
them as they were leaving General Petain's residence.  Secretary Baker got out of the auto
to  meet an  American  officer.   He  is a small,  unpretentious looking man.
    Just  as  I was enjoying a grand soaking  in the tub, the siren blew, and I deliberately
dressed and  went  to the celler.   It was the right  thing  to do because eight bombs were
dropped on  the city.   A  lot of  window panes were broken.  No lives were lost  except for
one dog.
     March 22nd.   Today  we finished our  observations at the Carrel-Dakin and  had  a  lec-
ture in French which we understood a very  little.  A perfectly terrible  air raid, the  worst
we have had yet, is on while I am writing.  The clerk of  the hotel thinks a bomb has fallen
on the Palace of Napoleon across the street from us.
     Later.   We went out  to see the damage that had been done.  The depot  was bombed.
Both hospitals where we had been working were badly damaged.  The beautiful rose colored
velvet rug of  Carrel-Dakin had about three inches of plaster  and glass piled  up on it.   At
the Ambrine the  shell came  through  the ceiling of  the dining room where we took  oui
meals.  They got the patients into the basement and no one was badly  hurt  except an or-
derly,  who had his femoral artery severed and was operated on by candle-light in the  cellar.
157 
    Our last  day  in Compiegne had been as eventful as the first.  Not entirely satisfied to return
to peaceful Vittel, we  obtained furlough  permission to go  to  Dames-Camiero near  Boulognt
where Unit 12 from Chicago were helping the English.  Our stay here was shortened because ol
the German advance toward Amiens through  which city  we must pass  to  return home.   The
twenty-ninth of March found us back at Vittel  and it seemed very fine to  be with the friends
of Base No. 36 once more.  Of course Louise Reutz had a lunch ready  for us in the dining room
of Hotel Des  Sports.  I remember  I  had sixteen letters to read and four boxes to open.  (Was
there  ever such joy as when Bruno and Britz  brought over that big sack of mail?)   But best
of all was the undisturbed, peaceful night far  from the maddening crowd of Boche planes.
                                                       Aurel Baker Purdee, A. N. C.

To Fellow Comrades of Base Thirty-six:
    Words fail to  express the  warm-hearted  feeling the Toledo nurses who served with
your  unit in  France have  for you and  the citizens of Detroit, who did much to aid our com-
fort and make it possible  for us to  render better service to  our  country during the great
war.
    It was a happy day for our sixteen nurses when Margaret Gierman  returned  from De-
troit bearing the good news that  Base 36 was being organized.  Attention was called, and
right  about face to Detroit we turned,  anxiously awaiting the day when our coach—laden with
flowers  and good  wishes from our Toledo friends—was hitched to the  Detroit train enroute for
New York.
    How the memories  of Gunhill  Road cling to  us!  I have only to close  my  eyes  and
I see and hear in Ward 17, where we were billeted for a short time, "I. O.  U.," and  "U.
O.  Me"!  Miss Headley and Miss  Ramler, Miss Gierman and Miss  Roll  exchanging money
and straightening their accounts after the day's shopping;  Miss Reutz  scolding  Penelope
Smith for not getting up  when the bugler called in the  morning; Mrs. Bolton crocheting;
Miss  Leggate and Miss Lewis  writing to their loved ones or the "boys they left behind";
Miss  Lickley  composing  poetry; Miss  Turner  dreaming of  her home in  England—possibly
Norma  Miller and Miss Wonderly having a "date"  over the fence  with an officer.  Miss
Ferguson spent much time in visiting the  store rooms and buying  up  fruit and jam for
future use in France.  Quiet Kitty Gorman was seldom around camp.   But "still  waters
run deep."  Miss Valentine, who  after serving with the Red Cross in Serbia and in  France
with Base 36, is  now a  missionary  in  China.
    These are a  few of the many pleasant recollections of Base 36  that will  long  remain
in the memory of the sixteen Toledo nurses.
                                                          Harriet Turner, A. N. C.

                                 Homeward Bound
    During the long, weary days  which followed the signing of the Armistice, weary be-
cause of that  eager desire  which existed in all of us for homelands, days with nothing much
to do but think and  wait, ever looking forward instead of backward, anything which would
add a new thrill  to our  lives was recognized by all  (barring our superior officers, perhaps)
as permissible.
    One of the stunts which Nurses, Men and Officers and (the writer  places the  officers
last and nurses first  because  I  know the men would have  it  so, and besides it  gives all
a very different feeling) engaged in  during the period already described was that of  Proph-
ecy ! ! better  known to those  most  interested  in this book as "Army Rumor."  One Nurse
met another and  the following conversation ensued:
    "Did you hear the latest?"
    "No, what, let's have it."
    Now for  the  thrill—
158 
    "Our travel orders are here  for the good old U. S. A."
    "Never; do you really mean  it?"
    And so it went.  It really proved much better sport than most people could imagine
The dash of enthusiasm and the resulting confusion and  excitement all proved very inter-
esting.
    Lo! ! !  February of 1919 really did bring the longed-for Travel-Orders and I spell  it
with capitals because of its great importance.   Our Unit  or Outfit, as we  were referred to
in the  Army,  which had hung  together through  all  the trials, tribulations and  sorrows
which  are sure to make themselves felt during the stress of war, was about to separate.
Some  we were leaving behind,  sleeping with hundreds of others only to travel when the
"Trumpet Sounds," never to see them  here  again.  To our French friends we were saying
many an  "Au Revoir."  The breaking up of  our Base Hospital No. 36 was a wee bit hard,
and not a few  of us felt a slight pulling  at the heart-strings, as most of us had grown very
near and  dear  to each other, sharing as we  did our joys and sorrows, all of which was unit-
ing us  unconsciously in a true bond of  friendship which naught but death can sever.  As
the years roll by, I believe this  feeling of true fellowship is felt more and more.
     Our outfit was sent to the coast in  two detachments.  The writer, being a part of the
second detachment, will confine herself to the journey of that particular group.
     Monday morning early was the time  set for our departure.  We were served supper
the  night before by Miss Marion Porter, Y. W. C. A. worker, who had  charge of a Red
Cross  Hut in our village and who had won  her way into the hearts  of each  of us by her
thoughtfulness and consideration and pleasant manner.  After breakfast, which was served
us  by  Base Hospital No.  23, a Buffalo  Unit which had occupied  the same village during
our sojourn in France, we boarded one  of the slow-moving French trains (famous for one
thing,  never  arriving anywhere on time). We rather scented we were headed for Paris (and
might mention here that  in the army we scented everything, being told but  little, for rea-
sons best known to Army Officials).   After what  would have proved a  long, weary  trip
but for the thought of the Statue of  Liberty which was before us constantly, evening found
us  in  Paris.   It  was eight o'clock and the problem which confronted our Acting Command-
ing Officer was to procure quarters for this large group  of nurses.  It was a  problem not
at  all  new to many of us, who had tried in  vain to find  quarters there on previous occa-
sions.   After  a few futile efforts  on  the part of our officers we were told to find quarters
where we could and to meet at a  designated time and place next morning.
     Forthwith our detachment  separated into groups  of twos,  threes and fours,  and soon
we  found ourselves searching  hither and yon for a bed.  The writer was  one of a group  of
 four.   Finally inspired  (because nothing short of inspiration could  have led  us  to such
 luxury),  one  of  our party decided  that  if we could find  a certain hotel in which  she had
 stayed once,  several months previous,  she  felt sure that  the proprietor would make  a spe-
 cial effort to accommodate us.  After we had  retraced our footsteps  at  least a thousand
 times,  we stopped in despair and found ourselves outside  of the  hotel we were  seeking,
 much  to  our astonishment.  It  proved  to be the  Continental, and I think as I  write that the
 mention  of the  name  may bring a recollection to not a few, as it  was  quite a place for
 Americans.  The spokesman was of Irish nationality and attached to her unmastered French
 a beautiful Irish brogue.   The proprietor of  the hotel, however, had been previously attacked,
 evidently, by this language and  understood  it.  I dare  mention  this  now, without  fear  of
 reprimand, because the nurse to whom I refer is and has been for some time past doing  an
 admirable work as missionary  in the far away Belgian Congo.  After a  very satisfactory
 meal  we were conducted to our room by  the hotel-keeper who showed his delight at see-
 ing once more this fair Mademoiselle Americaine by smiles, bows, gesture and genuflexions
 as  only a real Frenchman can execute.  He being of the  short,  fat, thick-necked  type, the
15fl 
		
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Anna Kaiser, Kitty Kiloran, Cassie Gelineau Arriving Home
                   in) Detroit.
At Home, Michigan Central.
 effort on his part  was indeed great.   Our room proved  to be  the  most spacious and  the
 best equipped we  had seen, including even a bath-tub.   We each  enjoyed  the soothing,
 comforting feeling of a plunge and soon Morpheus had  claimed  us for the night.
     Next morning all met  in the appointed place and at the appointed hour, and once again
 we were journeying across France by  train, this time  in  the direction of the Coast.   After
 a day's trip we reached La Boule, a small town in Brittany, about 5:30  in  the  evening.
 Here we were quartered in a large hotel with 600  other  nurses, hailing  from all  parts  of
 the  States  and representing various Military outfits all waiting for steamer bookings.
     LaBoule was a very interesting place and all the  good people there seemed to possess
 a certain air of contentment in spite of  the fact that they had so little.  Most of us found
 considerable pleasure  in  our walks.  We would start  out by  the  first  path that offered
 itself and walk straight on as  chance would lead.   Provided we had noticed  a few promi-
 nent landmarks we were sure to  find our way back.  In  this way we  enjoyed the unex-
 pected and explored the  country.  To know where you are going and by what way is surely
 very boring, especially to women who had been used  to traveling in the army, never really
 knowing where they were going or whether the trip was  to be made by train  or horseback
 and then,  too, the  imagination flowers the landscape in advance.
     I  suffered a most grievous disenchantment when I tried to see the sea.   We asked in
 our  particular French  which we  Americans  all understood perfectly, of a Frenchman, who
 evidently didn't  understand so well, "Where is the sea?"  Not just  accenting  our  words
 properly,  the  Frenchman  misunderstood,  and in his politest manner told us to follow him.
 After circling around the village we landed at an office door and the Frenchman said "Voila,"
 meaning there it is.   We discovered we were standing outside the office of  the Mayor  of
 the  village.  Three days  elapsed before  we felt that we  really  cared to look for  the sea.
 Our time here was spent  exploring surrounding territory and visiting St. Nazaire, a large
 seaport a few  miles away.   Of course, we assumed we would sail from this port, but much
 amazed,  one day we received  travel orders to proceed to Brest, a large seaport many miles
 away.  This place  was one which we  dreaded going to because  of many  unfavorable  re-
 ports,  but  it proved  to be a place  which had given a vast amount of consideration and
 thought to the comfort of those who might sojourn with them.   We were met by ambu-
 lances and conveyed to the camp from the train.   We  were registered  and  re-registered
 and  registered again and again, but when we reached our final barracks we found hot choc-
 olate and  doughnuts  awaiting us  and  lovely  comfortable  beds with  new  blankets  and
even new pajamas  on the beds.  In other words,  the nearer we arrived to home the better
we were  treated.  After five days at this port we  were finally put aboard a steamer called
 'Agamemnon" and were on the home stretch.
160 
    The Agamemnon  had been built in peace time  for the  Kaiser  and it was  especially
narrow  and made it more than possible for us to feel the slightest roll of the boat.  This
boat had been remodeled into a troop boat, which meant few accommodations.  It mattered
not, however.  After 19  months' sojourn in  France during wartime anything which would
bring us once again to home and  all whom we held nearest and dearest was acceptable. The
idea of  journeying homeward with a definite end, without the recent strain and cares and
all the  disagreeable thoughts  blotted out  filled us with an air of comfort and a great desire
to live and to do good.  After the voyage was ended, our time  having been  spent in  ex-
changing ideas on  how  New York would  affect us and what we would do when we landed,
especially along the eating line, we set  foot on  the shores of  old New York, March 12th,
1919,  and I mean it when I say "That day the sun shone."
    During a period of convalescence which the writer experienced in France, I was gripped
with almost  an insane desire  for soft boiled eggs. Now soft boiled eggs, or any other kind
of eggs, were not at all easy to procure during those days, and as I convalesced with noth-
ing to do but think, I decided  that when I reached  New  York  I'd satisfy  my hunger  for
eggs.  On the boat across we  talked of foods we'd  buy, but somehow few of us  purchased
that which we thought we were most hungry for.  My egg taste changed to grape-fruit and
bananas.
    Our arrival  in New York  was  quite uneventful.  Somehow we  did not seem  as pop-
ular as  when we left  there,  no parades, no fine music, but really we didn't need it to arouse
enthusiasm.   The sight of the Statue of Liberty and the shores of old New York gripped
us with feeling of enthusiasm  which parades  and  music could never have  instilled and
which could only be given vent to by a few silent tears which could easily  be  seen rolling
down the cheeks of most of us.
    We were transported from the dock to the  Polyclinic Hospital,  where  we were regis-
tered and "deloused," much  to the disgust of not a few.  Then when the government de-
cided we were sufficiently clean  we were  quartered in hotels. Here we did enjoy our short
stay,  spent in window-shopping and looking at the pretty spring displays, always comparing
everything with  France, the country which is  and  was always  noted for  style,  but quite
satisfied with our own country.  After five days of this we found that our  own  town, De-
troit, was really anxious  to have us home, so  much so that Mayor  Couzens,  who is  at
present  a  Senator, chartered  a special train and sent a representative to  meet us  in New
York.  We landed in  Detroit, M. C. R. R., March 17th, 1919,  at  2:00 P. M., were served a
chicken  dinner at the depot of the M. C. R. R.  The dinner was indeed luscious, but  the mo-
ment was so exciting that I am afraid it was not relished by many.
    Many at this moment were much  happier than  others.  Those who had  honest-to-good-
ness  homes  with immediate  families were exaltingly and  supremely happy.  For myself, I
have  to  thank one or two friends  for my pleasant  homecoming and to  the friends who  did
so much for me  and made me so happy I  am  eternally grateful.
                                                             M. G.  Murphy. A.  N. C.

                                 Our  French Friends
    To put all things in  their proper places, with nicety and with  tact—this is to be truly French.
Then, surely, it is most fitting that this little chronicle of our French  friends  should  begin with
mention  of Monsieur Gerard, Mayor of Vittel.  Was there any  member  of "36" who never had
occasion to confer with M. le  Maire?  Just beyond  the public square  stood his  pale pink house
with a side door  leading  to the offices.  One  waited  in  an outer  room  where  the  antedeluvian
clerk  was writing longhand in huge tomes; in the inner office sat the mayor, enthroned behind
a mountain of papers.  He was the clever political boss of the neighborhood  and a  diplomatic
friend of the Americans.   Our  relations with  him were of the pleasantest.
161 
    But Vittel is really two places in one; the old, old village, where  Joan of  Arc's  aunt once
lived, and the fine modern watering place.  Just as  the  mayor  is  head of  the  village so the
family of  Bouloumie directs the Societe des  Eaux de Vittel.  It was real loss to us that M. Jean
Bouloumie's military duties kept him  away  from home so such for so we missed a closer ac-
quaintance with  a very fine type of French gentleman.  But the presence of Madame Bouloumie,
as "Lady  of the Manor," in their beautiful home across  from the Ceres, added  greatly to the
atmosphere of the "season."   M. Moitessier, an official of the Societe, was a grave and courteous
man with  whom we  had to deal.  It is generally  conceded that he would  make a  fine  poker
player. He  wore a blond beard and his office in a fine building was surrounded by miles of
slippery waxed floors.  Mile.  Pauline was the delightful keeper of the keys of the Grand Hotel.
From  her magic store of furniture we bore  off many an article, to fit up an office, to turn the
Palace dining room into a chapel or to make the Y. M. C. A. and Red Cross huts  look more
homelike. Mile.  Pauline is  a splendid example of French business woman, competent, yet
feminine.
     A very keen business man was M. Parot, as the officers  found  when they rented  the parlor
of the Central from  him for a library.
     When the hospitals were running capacity we had sixty-two French women employed in our
own unit.  Chief of these was kindly, gray-haired Mme. Harmand, who was a familiar figure as
she made her daily rounds from building to building in  the  mud.  Perhaps  the  most, generally
popular among our French girls was "Toto"  (Ernestine  Poirson).  Toto was about sixteen  and
worked at the Central.   She  learned  English so  fast that other interpreters could  soon  have
been given their walking papers.   She is now in America  with  the  Haugheys  and soon  to  be
married and I have no doubt  that she already talks and  dresses as though  she had never  lived
away  from Battle Creek.  It  is too bad there is not  space in which to remember many others;
honest old Madame  Goujot at Headquarters, with her rough  hands and gentle heart; fat Katinka
or lively Felicie at the Ceres; Mme. Perrin or red-cheeked, energetic Paule at the Sports  and  a
host of others.  We remember most of them with real affection.
     Besides these paid workers there were a number of  ladies and young girls of  Vittel who did
faithful and fine work by making up dressings for  the hospital.   We are grateful to them all
and particularly to Mile. Denise Lecomte who came so regularly to prepare supplies for the oper-
ating  room at the Ceres.
     If we are talking of the  French people  who had official  connection with the  Unit there are
two more who must not be forgotten—the nurses' landladies!  Mme.  Laprevote ruled the Hotel
des Tilleuls from her fascinating kitchen in the cellar.  I  can  see her now, with  her  solid  dark
pompadour and  portly form, bending over the big stove in the corner  while  she  cooked the in-
evitable "pommes frites"  or prepared delicious hot chocolate for breakfast.  Many a case of home-
sickness,  bred from eating by the hundred,  was cured  by a breakfast at  the  oil-cloth covered
table in the center of the smoky kitchen, while the pet pigeon strolled among  the  dishes.   She
was a shrewd business woman, from  whom escaped not  one little  towel or pillow-case.  And
Madame  Blanchon!!  Only a  Balzac could  do justice to  her eccentricities.  Fond  of  money she
was—and yet that was not her only aim, for she  gathered  objects with  passionate  eagerness.
When burlap came, wrapped around some of  our goods,  she  hemmed  it for  floor rags and  fur-
iously berated the maids as it wore out.  She was reputed wealthy, we know the Blanchons owned
much  property,  yet she dressed in calico and collected tomatoes thrown out  by the hospitals to
put them  up in  jars!  But speaking of her cooking, ah! at that she was nothing short of a genius.
She could be kindly and  generous  too, although when  in a temper  her  angry  screams were
heard  for blocks  around.  Mme.  Blanchon's great concern was tender solicitude for her delicate
old husband and the quiet pathos in her face, when he was ill  with pneumonia, endeared her to us
in spite of her idiosyncracies.
102 
                                         Our French Friends
First Column:—Old French woman zvith donkey cart; A familiar figure in Park; Captain Norman; Madame
                                              Blanchon.
                   Second Column:—The Misses Mah'oisin;  Ernestine Poirson "To  To."
Third Column:—The lace maker; Madame Paris and Madame  Oudot; Dr. and Madame Fay; Madame Laprevote
                                          and her daughter.
163 
    A protegee of the Blanchon's  was Mme. Jeanne, the Merry Widow and "belle chocolatiere"
of Vittel.  She loudly bemoaned the loss of her husband in the war  (his picture hung above her
bed) but found some consolation  in the brass buttons and  Sam Brown belts which daily congre-
gated at her chocolate shop under the Arcade.   "Our French  friends"—Madame Michalle, the
concierge of the Nurses' Hut, will  always be remembered for her  kindly interest in us  all.
    There  were other nice shops under the arcade in summer but  in winter we fell back on the
village stores.  "Crowley-Milner,"  alias Humboldt-Noel,  was  the  largest,  and the family lived
behind the  shop in cosy proximity.  The barber and his  wife were greatly patronized  and the
barber's assistant  was  a Paris  music-hall  singer with a glorious voice  whom  the Army had
dressed in horizon blue and stationed in Vittel.   Perhaps the most popular shop, among the men,
was  "Vins  Fins"!  However, this  may not have been as anti-Volstead as it sounds for the place
was  also famous  for beafsteak  and  French frieds.  A villager once said:  "All Americans are
enrages for "bifstek et pommes frites."
    Beyond the Mayor's house stands, and has stood  for centuries, the village church. M. le Cure
carried on bravely with the work of the parish, o ften  in spife of weariness and pain, for  war had
taken many younger priests away.  He was a fine old man with a sensitive and spiritual face, a
true father and shepherd of his flock.
    It would be impossible to mention all the friends of the Unit in Vittel for there was hardly
an American who did not form  some  attachments in the  village, but  there  are a few more who
might  be generally remembered: Mile. Grunfelder and the teachers and  pupils  of the  Normal
Schools; Mile.  Fabienne of the hairdressing shop; Mme. Paris who made the  study of French a
pleasure for quite a number; the Malvoisin family  with   two  charming  and well chaperoned
daughters;  and Dr.  Finck  and his  family whose presence at  Church on  Sunday morning  (the
little girls in  crisp dresses and flowered hats) gave a  feeling of home to our protestant services.
    Father Louis must  also be remembered for his  untiring devotion to  our  French  patients
wherever they  were located.  Dr. and Madame  Fay's hospitable villa  was  always  open to  the
nurses and  the produce of  their garden was given to them most generously.
    And now  last, because perhaps most important of all, I come  to Father  Bonnet, the inter-
preter  allotted  to us by the French government.   Small, but full of energy and good humour, he
was essentially  that most delightful  thing to be—a good mixer.  He was popular  with every one
but was  also  a reverent priest,  a good musician and a warm French patriot.  Who will forget
Father Bonnet's joy as day by day he pinned up  the glorious communiques  of  October  and
November,  1918?  And it was he who inspired the ringing of  the  Chapel bell as news of  more
and more victories came in. When at last victory had brought,  peace, and peace had started happy
Confirmation Class at Fair Grounds, Detroit.
164 
Americans  toward home, Father Bonnet  was still there, joyfully gathering up a carload of warm
things we had left behind us to send them to the devastated regions.
    That he  was not the  only  friend we left in Vittel was proved by the rush of  citizens (or
was it mostly citizenesses?) that flooded  the station on  the drizzly February evening when the
men  of  Base Hospital  36  entrained for  Bordeaux.  Yes, we left many friends behind us--left
behind, too, are the thoughts of hard or unhappy days we  may  have spent there, and now the
little town in  its setting of green hills is warm in our  memories,  and  will be,  I think, for mam-
years to come.
                                                     Elizabeth Hammond Shepard.

                               Chaplain's Department
    With the mobilization of B.  H. 36 August  23,  1917, the Chaplain's department was
inaugurated to have oversight of the religious and welfare work.   The work, begun in camp
at the Fair Grounds,  was continued overseas until  the Unit left Vittel.  Originally and for
several months the Base Hospital  Chaplain was  authorized  and provided for by the  Red
       Rev. W. D. Maxon, D.D.
Chaplain of Base Hospital No. 36, A. E. F.
 Cross.  Later in October,  1918, all  Base Hospital Chaplains became directly subject to the
 Military as Commissioned  Army Chaplains.  From August,  1917,  until January, 1918, the
religious and welfare  work was wholly carried on by Chaplain Maxon, assisted by Sergeant
C. F. Brown, and  privates Adrian Jones and G. W. Hyde.   Besides the Sunday religious
services, the department had charge of the mail, the canteen and entertainments.  With the
arrival of Red  Cross,  Y. M. C. A. and Y.  W. C.  A. representatives early in 1918, much of
the welfare work,  including  entertainments,  was discharged by such representatives.
165 
Rev. E. J. Houghton
   Y.  M. C. A.
Rev. Arthur L. Washburn
    Chaplain B. H. 36.
                                    Rev. Harley Smith.
                                    Chaplain B. H. 36.
    In June, 1918, by arrangement between the heads of the Red Cross and  the Y.  W. C.
A., the welfare work was committed to the Red Cross.   Miss Porter of the Y. W. C. A.,
however, continued her excellent work in behalf of the Nurses.
    On our arrival at Vittel an attractive little Chapel was put at the disposal of the Chap-
lain  for services which were regularly  maintained every  Sunday morning for  officers, en-
listed men,  nurses and convalescent patients.
    The first  recreation room was opened in Hospital D, where  for a time informal relig-
ious  and recreational meetings were held in the  evening.  Later  under Mr. Norton Ives, a
Y. M. C. A. worker,  a recreation room  was opened in the Galleries.   Subsequently  by the
kindness of Major F. B.  Walker  the Dining Room of Hospital B  was placed at our disposal
166 
for  lectures, conferences and  music.   Still  later,  through Mr.  G. Hunter Brown, the Red
Cross representative, a room  in the Casino with  the  theatre became the center of diversi-
fied entertainment.  In September, 1918, under the activity of Mr. Brown, an attractive Red
Cross Hut was opened.
    Chaplain Maxon continued with  the Unit until  August 13, 1918,  assisted in religious
work by Rev. John  Carlisle and Rev. E. J. Houghton, of the Y. M.  C. A.,  privates  Adrian
Jones and G. W. Hyde, Miss Hammond  and Miss  Cooper.  Censoring the mail, conduct-
ing the post office,  visiting  the patients,  distributing  magazines  and  comfort  bags and
burying the dead, were among the varied privileges and duties of the  Chaplain.  The let-
ter  censorship after  three months, by order of the Commanding Officer, was placed in the
hands of  several officers.  The Chaplain also served  as Assistant Superintendent of Graves
in co-operation  with the Graves  Registration department.  For several months in the well
cared for village cemetery  the dead  were  buried, their graves being  marked with a wooden
cross.  Later  a section of ground adjoining the Village Cemetery  became the  American
Cemetery where in  the Autumn, owing largely to the virulence of influenza, the graves were
multiplied.  For several months until the  arrival of Father Feeney, Red Cross Chaplain  of
B. H. 23, the Chaplain of 36 conducted all burials—except in  a few instances where a French
priest duly administered the rites of the  Roman  Catholic  Church.   With the  arrival  of
Father Feeney,  the  dead soldiers of both units who were Roman Catholics were  buried by
him; while Protestants and  all non-Catholics of Bases 36 and 23 were buried  by the  Chap-
lain of 36.
     August 29, 1918,  the Rev.  Arthur L. Washburn  became chaplain, continuing until Oct.
29, when he was succeeded by the Rev. Harley W.  Smith, an Army Chaplain, who  served
until the Unit was ordered home.
     The various chaplains of B. H. 36 wish to record their  appreciation of  the willing co-
operation of the officers, nurses and  enlisted men and to express their sense of the privilege
afforded  them  of serving, as need required, the  American  Soldier during the never  to be
forgotten experience in Vittel.
     Chaplain Washburn writes:
  "I  arrived at Base  Hospital 36, Vittel,  the evening of the 29th of August  and received
a most cordial  welcome from  the Commanding Officer and the Unit.  I was given \evy
comfortable quarters in the  Headquarters  Building consisting of a large sitting-room with
a fireplace and an  adjoining bedroom.   This was especially well  located, across the hall
from the  Head Nurse's Office, as it  permitted me to be informed at night, very  promptly,
of any patients  who were dying or in great danger.  At the time of my arrival, I remarked
upon the few patients and the tremendous accommodations, the number of empty beds.  Il
was not  many weeks  before  every bed  was filled and all of our space  taxed  to  the  utter-
most.  As the Chaplain  of  Base Hospital 23 was a  Roman Catholic, I always endeavored
to secure his services for our Roman Catholic patients, while  I in my  rounds tried to care
for all the Protestants, Jews and others.   On account of the number, it was impossible  to
do all that I wished  for our boys.
    "The co-operation of the members  of the Unit  was most helpful,  and  our fellowship
and  service mean much to me in  the finest experiences of my life.  During my chaplaincy,
I officiated at 182 burials.  Of these  burials twelve were officers whose graves  of  higher
number were in a part of the cemetery by themselves.   The little English Chapel was very
convenient for our  services.  Sunday evenings many  of the unit gathered for singing and  a
talk in the beautiful Red Cross Hut.  On  October 29th I  left Base  Hospital  36  for  Paris,
where I  was appointed War Commission  Assistant of the Church of the Holy Trinity.   It
was with regret that  I  left  my friends  in  Vittel for  whom I always hold the warmest in-
terest and regard."
167 
First Rozv:—Cemetery, July 14th, 1918.
Second Row:—Cemetery, American Graves; Dr. Maxon saying, "Good Bye."
Third Rozv:—English  Church, Vittel; July 14th, Vittel Cemetery; French  Catholic Church, Vittel.
Fourth Rozv:—American Section As  it  is  Today, Vittel Cemetery;  July  14th, Vittel  Cemetery.
168 
    Chaplain Smith writes:
    "I was  ordered  to  service with  No. 36 from  the British  area  on  Oct.  12, 1918, and
remained with  the unit until Jan.  30th, 1919, when I was  ordered  to  the  357th  Inf. Reg.
Army of Occupation, Berncastle, Germany.  My whole term of service overseas was about
15 months,  and I can  truthfully say that the most  pleasant was with Base Hospital No.
36.  The officers supported my service in the chapel splendidly and the men made the Sun-
day night services in the Red Cross Hut  a  joy.  Corp. Jones was of great assistance along
with Miss  Hammond.  When I went into Germany with  the infantry  my  baggage  was
lost, so the records  of  services and  burials cannot be given.   There were many 'incidents'
in my stay at Vittel which were interesting to me, but I  am afraid they would not  be well
in the book you are  compiling."

    Rev. E. J. Houghton, Y. M.  C. A., writes:
    "Our work at Vittel was  fairly well organized and the men who were in attendance
upon  the hospital either  as  patients or attendants were  well  served by the Y. M. C. A.
Our Headquarters were first situated in the Pavilion, afterwards in the beautiful  Casino.
Religious services were held every Sunday and one night in the week.  We finally succeeded
in arranging our schedule so that we had the Cinema two  or three evenings,  one night
for a lecture or  entertainment provided by  Paris Headquarters.  One evening we called
'Stunt  Night';  the local  troops  providing the program.  The Canteen was  well supplied
with provisions and comforts and  was well patronized by the men.  Athletic equipment was
furnished.   Reading  and  writing  rooms were opened in  the  Casino, while in the Pavilion
for a  while we had  the use of a billiard table.  I have no record of the names of our asso-
ciates in this work.  There was  a Mrs. William Andrews  and  a friend of hers, Miss  Colcut,
who rendered very excellent service. For a little while there was also a Miss Helen Sweet.
These  good women served in the  canteen and visited the hospital  under the direction of
the Red Cross Chaplain.
                                                             William D. Maxon.
                                             Church 8oo Y.ears Old,  Vittel
Rev. Maxon at Church Door.
169 
                                Chaplain's  Notification
    The following is given as a specimen letter written by the Chaplain notifying relatives of the
death and burial of a soldier:
Mrs. P. Maley, 526  East Twelfth Street, Cincinnati, O.
Base Hospital No. 36, A. E.  F., France, January 4, 1918.
    My Dear Madam—I deeply regret to inform you that early in the morning of December 31,
Edward J. Maley, private, Company I, 166th Infantry, 42nd Division,  died after an illness of
several days  in our  base hospital.  He was sent here  with some affection of the lungs, coughing
almost incessantly.   He was  given  immediate care and constant attention  by our  doctors  and
nurses.  I  visited him at  his bedside  and learned from him that he was of the Roman  Catholic
Church and that his mother lived in Cincinnati.  I am therefore writing to you to express  my deep
sympathy  and to inform you of some details which you might not otherwise  receive.  Before your
son's death the French priest of this place visited him, heard his confession  and administered the
rite of Extreme Unction.  On the day  of burial, Wednesday, January 2,  at 2 p. m., the body,
placed  in a casket draped with the  American flag, was brought to the parish church of this place,
escorted by six American soldiers, acting as  pall-bearers.   The requiem was sung by the French
priest and later the procession proceeded to the local cemetery, where the French priest  said the
office  of burial.  At  the conclusion  of  the service the chaplain  of  the hospital offered a "prayer
and gave  orders for the removal of the flags and also for the bugler to sound  "taps," while all
stood at attention.
    A wooden cross bearing the name, age, date of death and the branch of service was set at
the head of the grave.  The  body had  been clothed with a  soldier's uniform  and the identification
tag, together with a  bottle containing a paper inscribed with name,  age, etc., prescribed by army
regulations was placed in the casket.   The  grave is in a  plot of ground in the local cemetery,
which  our government has secured  for the burial of those who die in our hospital.  Here the
body of your son rests while we believe his soul is securely kept in the arms of Almighty God.
He died in the service of his country, ready to do his part to aid the country's cause.  He died of
sickness before he could do  all that he set out to do.  But  bravely he  did  all he could  and his
country is grateful for his service.  Assuring you again of my  deepest sympathy, I am,

                                                   Yours most sincerely,
                                                                W. D. MAXON,
                                                Chaplain Base Hospital, No. 36, A.  E. F.
Convoy Train
170 
m fcmorram
Jack Yuill's Grave, Vittel.
JACK YUILL
GEORGE WILSON
CHARLES S. BOHN
JOSEPH DERZAI
MAUDE MCGLYNN
DIED JANUARY 18, 1918
DIED OCTOBER 16, 1918
DIED OCTOBER 18, 1918
DIEDOCTOBER27, 1918
DIED MAY        1919
171 
Abbe Paul Bonnet
Soldiers, Gentlemen and  Friends:
    On asking me to contribute a  short  chapter to the book you so advisably undertook
to publish  on the History of  Base  Hospital 36, Miss  Cooper  kindly wrote  that no history
of the unit would  be complete without a  photograph and a few lines from me.  However
flattering such a statement appeared to my ears, I do  think no history of Base  Hospital 36
would be complete if there was no tribute paid to the wonderfully active work of the unit
by any French pen.  So  I hasten to comply with your request.
    I  arrived at Vittel  in  February,  1918, at the  time when the French  and American
authorities had decided to establish a "Bureau de Liaison" to  assist you in your  work, while
most  of  the hospitals of  the unit were filled with French patients and had  as yet received
but a  very few American patients.  For twelve months I have lived with Base Hospital 36,
and I  knew most of  the  officers, nurses and men of the  unit.  I  saw you  off  on the sad,
gloomy day when you said farewell to Vittel, and I continued my services to the American
army as long as  they were requested,  until most of the buildings occupied by the unit dur-
ing the war were  handed over to  their proprietors.  Therefore I think I am really entitled
to consider myself  as the Frenchman  who  knew you  best and  who  probably knows  best
what  the local population thought  of  you.
    I  have come to  know  you in  the twofold  character of interpreter and  of priest.  My
object all through my stay among  you was to  assist  in helping the  people around me to
understand  you,  not  only in  your  speech,  but in your ways, in doing away  with prejudices
or misunderstandings.  It takes some  little time for a foreigner to get  into new ways, to
feel at home  among  people brought up differently and according to  dissimilar  methods.
    Thanks to the broadmindness and  unfailing charitable  kindness of  both officers and men
of the unit, however, the population of Vittel soon came to realize that their guests wholly
deserved their esteem and trust,  and  I write this that you should be proud to think that
you have done as much  and probably more than any  other American unit  to  tighten the
bonds  of friendship  between  your  noble  nation and mine.  The War Office in Paris would
have honored itself by showing its gratitude in a more liberal manner to men  and officers
who always were, in heart and life, real soldiers,  true gentlemen and devoted friends!
172 
                                                          Interior of Catholic
            n, j    xt    n> ,    a,    <,                       Church, Vittel
            Statue of Joan D Arc Above Altar
                 Presented to Church by
                 Base Hospital No. 36.

    For  over  a year, every  occasion that  was offered you to  help any French soldier or
civilian,  sick,  wounded or in  distress, was seized  with such prompt solicitude as to  create
a feeling of admiration  among those who witnessed your  enterprising charitable spirit.
    Soldiers, indeed, you were.   Knowing how much  he  could  rely  on the courage  and
valor  of  the Americans, General de Castelnau did not hesitate to declare, as early as August,
1918,  that victory was bound to  be ours.
    Gentlemen, you always were men of your word,  ready  to take  the  responsibility of
whatever step you took.
    Your sense of friendship  affirmed itself in such a striking manner  as to make American
become synonymous of  goodhearted all through  the Vittel district.
    I take it  as  a privilege to have been called  to live among you, to  take share in your
daily  labors, in your celebrations, in your days  of mourning.
    I like to recall the many  pleasant memories attached to my stay at Vittel and I am glad
to state  that  the  foremost wish I used to express when thinking of the post-war days, has
been  entirely  fulfilled.  The  population  of Vittel think of you exactly as  I  did: you stand
to their  eyes as real types of fine soldiers, gentlemen  and  friends.
    On Decoration  Day, last  year, an impressive ceremony took place at the cemetery, and
the little boys and girls of  France brought their floral  tributes and  prayers to the graves
of all those of the American  Army who still lay on  the French soil.   I  have not,  unfor-
tunately, the text of the Mayor's  speech on that  occasion, but I feel sure his address  was
not very different from that  which I gave myself on  Nov. 1st,  1918, when  asked by Colonel
Shurly to conduct the  funeral of Private Joseph Derzai: "No  doubt it is  a heartrending
grief  for a soldier to die in a foreign land,  so far away from  home.   But France will no
more  be a foreign land  to the Americans after the war.   So much of pure American blood
has been shed in  this country that has  mingled with the noblest French blood, and there
are so many dear sons of the United States lying in  the French cemeteries, that we feel
more  and more as the children of a same  mother, united in the same loving brotherhood.
173 
This cemetery is, so to say, part of the sacred territory that was defended from the ambi-
tion of the enemy, that heroes coming from the different parts  of  the world should be laid
down to  rest there, to teach the generations to come the great lesson of charity which they
themselves practiced.  French men and women will make  it their duty to come  here and
take  care of these American  graves,  when  you have gone  back to your  native  land,  re-
membering  that, whatever honor  they pay to the sons of America, they pay it to the  de-
fenders of the French  territory and to the supporters of the  same noble  cause  for  which
their own sons, or brothers, or fathers died, the cause  of honor and justice,  therefore  the
cause of God Himself!"
                                                                  Paul Bonnet,
                                                      11 Rue  des Macchabees, Lyons.
                          MONSIEUR JEAN  BOULOUMIE
    Mayor of the City of Vittel; President  of the Society of Waters; Major in the Medical
Corps of the French Army; was a great friend of the Americans.   He  learned  our lang-
uage, spoke it fluently, and  studied our history and our institutions.  He was very much in-
terested in America.   The great number of  his  kindly  offices  and timely interventions  in
trouble  can only be understood by the administration.   He was the Supreme Judge in  a
dispute  and settled our difficulties amicably  and with justice.  Our command, the sick and
wounded will never fully know his  many  kindly acts.  He is esteemed by the people who
know him  and  fully appreciated  by them.
                                                                      B. R. Shurly.
Monsieur Bouloumie, Mayor of Vittel, Giving an Address Memorial Day, 1921, American Cemetery, Vittel, France
174 
Major  G.  Hunter Brown
                         Report of Red  Cross Activities
                               Base Hospital  No. 36, A. E. F.
    After the arrival of the Representative in January, 1918, a week was taken to study the lay-
out of these  Bases, to become acquainted with  the officers, and look over the  situation generally
at Vittel with a view of determining  the type of American Red  Cross activities that should be
instituted.
    Vittel is a summer watering place, consisting largely of 14 great stone hotels, which had been
converted into hospitals by  Bases  23 and 36, and  about equally  divided among  them.   These
hotels were largely owned and controlled by the Societe des Eaux de Minerale de Vittel,  and in
addition  thereto the  Societe owned and controlled a very beautiful Park in which were situated 6
fine tennis courts, a  horse-show ground, a fine opera house, the usual  type  of French Galleries
fronting  upon the two large springs of Vittel water, and two bathing establishments of  the first
and second class.  They also  owned and controlled a farm of 110 acres lying contiguous to  the
Steeple Chase course, about one-half mile from  the Park.  The  Representative found temporarily
installed  in the Gallerie Morasque, looking on the Galleries above mentioned,  a Y. M. C. A. can-
teen which was being operated on a small scale by a Y. M. C. A.  Secretary.
    The first activity that was undertaken by the Representative was the inauguration in this Gal-
lerie of  Cinema performances.  A  Cinema machine was requisitioned  from Paris headquarters,
together  with an operator and a courier service between  Vittel and the Bureau of Projection  in
Paris  for the purpose of providing this Post and the contiguous Post at Contrexeville with films.
Stoves were  installed in this  stone Gallerie with a view to making it habitable in winter, and
the performances were immediately  inaugurated and  were tremendously patronized  by  the Staff,
personnel and patients, who commenced to arrive at these  Bases  in December, 1917.

                                              175 
    The capacity of this Gallerie was about 400 seated, but hardly a performance was given that
it did not contain more than 500.  The lease of the Gallerie was taken over by the American Red
Cross and the operating expenses thereof were borne by the American Red Cross.  This was done
largely with the view of more or less controlling through the Y. M. C. A. Secretary by inference
and suggestion the type  of performances, that were to be given in  this Gallerie.
    The Representative desires to place himself on record that the arrangement worked most sat-
isfactorily, and it was at the suggestion of the Secretary  of  the Y. M.  C. A. that weekly meet-
ings were held in the office  of  the  Representative at ten o'clock  on Monday mornings, at which
time the Staffs of the Y. M. C. A. and of the American Red Cross were present, suggestions were
listened to and a plan  of  entertainment in  addition to the Cinema was laid out  for the week.
     This arrangement continued in the Gallerie Morasque until the end of the lease on  May 1,
1918, when we were obliged to evacuate the premises in order that the Societe might take them
over in preparation  for their usual watering season, opening May 25th.
     On this date a  mutual arrangement was made  with  the  Societe to remove our Cinema ma-
chine and  entertainments to  the Casino  Theatre, owned  and controlled  by it, and commencing
with that date the American Red Cross operated and controlled the Casino Theatre on Mondays,
Wednesdays and  Fridays, afternoons and  evenings, during  the  balance  of  the  summer season,
and in  fact as late  as January  17th, 1919, at which time they were driven out by the cold.
     The Theatre proved a  great additional attraction and  was  packed  at every  performance.
The seating capacity was 640.   The American Red  Cross divided  the expenses of operation of the
Theatre with the  Societe on the basis of three days for account of the American Red Cross and
four days for account  of the  Societe;  this expense amounting to only the cost of cleaning and
electric light and power.  No lease whatsoever was  entered into with the Societe for the  use  of
this beautiful house.  The only final  expense was  the restoration of  same after  the cessation  of
occupancy by the American Red Cross in the way of repairs to seats, leather coverings, etc., and
the cost of these  repairs is in process of settlement at the date of this report and will amount to
a  comparatively small sum.
                                           Baths
    Returning to  the month of March, 1918: the next activity which seemed to the Representa-
tive as absolutely  essential for the upkeep of the morale of not only the Staff and personnel of
the Bases but more particularly of the patients in the  hospitals,  was  the  providing  of bathing
facilities.
    The great hospitals composing these Bases contained an unusual  scarcity of bathrooms, the
reason being that the Societe, having two fine bathing establishments under the Galleries, preferred
to concentrate their operating expenses on these bathing  establishments,  and thus more  or less
force their clientele to patronize them  rather than use the baths  in the hotel proper.
    This  was all  very well for a summer clientele,  but was impracticable  for great hospitals.
The Representative decided to  recommend to  Paris Headquarters the leasing of the baths  of the
second class  of  the bathing establishments owned an4 operated by the Societe, for the purpose of
providing the hospitals  with these very necessary facilities.
    This  establishment consisted  of  a  semi-circle, two  stories in  height, and  was  particularly
well' adapted for the purposes for which we intended using it. The building was divided into two
portions by a central hall.  On the lower floor on each side of the central hall were located large
shower bathrooms and four bathrooms on each side.  On the upper floor, similarly divided, were
thirteen very attractive, complete bathrooms on each side of the central hall.  The lower floor was
therefore  assigned to convalescents and the enlisted personnel of  the Bases.  The right hand half
176 
of the upper floor, which was divided by the central  hall,  was  devoted to officers, and the left
hand  half to the Nurses only.
    A lease was entered into between the Societe and the American  Red Cross  whereby, upon
the payment of a very moderate rental for the establishment and the supplying by  the  American
Red Cross of 1000 kilos of coal per day, the  Societe was  to furnish  and deliver  to  the interior
of the building the necessary supply of hot  and cold water required.
    The question of  interior operation of the building perplexed the Representative for some time
for the reason that he early  realized the inability of maintaining the necessary discipline of offi-
cers and employees by the  American Red Cross on  the floors  of this establishment.  The Repre-
sentative  then  conceived  the  idea,  after securing the necessary leases  from the  Societe, of turn-
ing the actual  operation of the plant over  to the Army authorities at  these Bases and requesting
them  to  furnish the Army personnel to operate the interior of the building and maintain its clean-
liness; the main object being to place the attendant in charge in a position of authority in  order
that he could control the conduct of the convalescents and the enlisted  men while in the baths.
    This arrangement was accepted by Col.  Rukke, Commander of the Post, was put into  effect
at the opening of the baths on the 18th of April,  1918, and continued in effect  to  the time of
closing the  same on  February 28, 1919.  The results were more than  satisfactory.  The Societe
claimed that we would never be able to pass  more than  225 men through these baths on any day.
Statistical records,  carefully maintained in  the bathing establishment,  showed  that in July,  1918,
we handled as  many  as 389 men in one day, but this was only  made possible by  the  very  neces-
sary  disciplinary action on the part of the  attendant in charge in keeping the men moving through
the shower  rooms.
     The  records show that a total of 50,818 baths were enjoyed during the period  above men-
tioned ; and this could never have been  accomplished unless some such  arrangement  had been
put into effect.
     In October, while the establishment was running at its full capacity owing to the drives dur-
ing that month, the question of the operation of the baths during the winter months presented it-
self very forcibly to the mind of the Representative, and  he, together with  the  engineer of the
Societe, immediately commenced  a  study of the establishment, with a view to ascertaining whether
it were  not possible to operate  through  the winter this establishment  which was  built for sum-
mer  use  only.   A  method of  protecting the  outside piping was evolved and the plan was submit-
ted to and  received the approval of the Paris Headquarters.   Construction  was  started  imme-
diately ; the piping was all enclosed; stoves were installed on the different floors  of the interior,
with  the result  that the  establishment ran through the winter months without the loss of  a day
and without fracture of  the pipes until the  night  of  February 14,  1919, when  a  particularly
sharp snap caused a  rupture of the two pipes on the exterior  of the building. With this  excep-
tion  the baths  were perfectly comfortable  during the winter season and were very much enjoyed
by all.
     The Representative considers that even at the expense of operation of the establishment and
the expense of restoration, it has been one  of the greatest activities the American Red Cross could
have undertaken for the  benefit of  those not only stationed at  this Post but of those ordered here
as patients  by the military authorities.  The medical staffs  of  both Bases  frequently  expressed
their appreciation of the  ability  of the  convalescents to avail themselves  of  these baths, and  the
effect they  have had on the  general health of the patients and of the community.
177 
Interior of Soldiers' Red Cross Hut.              Mural Painting  by Roy Gamble on Wall of Hut.
                                     Recreation Hut
     The next activity that  seemed essential  in preparation for the time when it  would be impos-
sible to further operate the  Casino Theatre on account of cold weather, was the planning and erec-
tion of a Recreation  Hut for the use of enlisted  men and convalescents.  This building was plan-
ned by the Representative particularly for the use of these large  Bases.  It was built of hollow
tile on concrete  foundations, plaster  inside, with a high-trussed wooden  roof, 175 feet in  length
and 27 feet in width; it was decorated in attractive colors.   There was a handsome  painting in
oil over the proscenium arch of the stage.  Paintings in oils  from life representing the charge of
two United States soldiers at early dawn were very successfully produced by Private Gamble of
Base Hospital  36, who also painted  circular portraits of President Wilson and General Pershing
which were placed on either side of  the proscenium arch.
     The Hut consisted of  a very large  correspondence room with a properly installed  stage at
one end and at the other end a canteen counter.   A billiard room and a green room were plan-
ned behind the stage, and behind the counter were  a kitchen, the office of the Directrice  and a
large store room.  The Hut was lighted  by electricity,  with all the necessary stage foot lights and
overhead lights, and  over the twelve correspondence tables  on the floor  were hung  low reading
lights.
     It  is not possible  for  the  Representative to give  the figures of the attendance at this Hut,
which was opened on September 2nd, 1918, as  it would have taken the entire time of one  of  his
personnel to take care  of the statistics.   But suffice it  to say that tens of thousands must have
used it.
    The Hut was  operated by the young  ladies of the Recreation Hut  Service, of which  there
were five but of  which there should have been not less  than eight, under  the supervision  of  a Di-
rectrice—Miss  Edwine Michael, who served from September 2nd until  December 1st,  and wa?
succeeded by Miss Jean A.  Reid, who served from that date  until February  17th.
     In this Hut, under the energetic administration of Lieutenant E. L.  Belding, of Boston, who
relieved  the Representative  who was on furlough in New York, there were  given entertainments
of all  sorts, boxing and wrestling matches, a very active canteen was operated, and a  particularly
fine Christmas  party  organized,  with  a big tree on the stage, at which time there  were donated by
the American Red Cross Christmas  stockings to the personnel and convalescents.
    This Hut  was of the very best  type of construction  that could be obtained  for this service,
and was greatly  appreciated and cared for by the men who  used it.   After the American Red
Cross was driven out of the Theatre  by reason of the cold, the Cinema apparatus was demounted
and set up in the Hut in the cabin prepared for its reception, and Cinema  performances were con-
ducted there  from January  17th to February l?th.
178 
Exterior of Soldiers' Hut.                               Nurses' Red Cross Hut.
    On Sunday evenings a short  service was held in the Hut by the Chaplain.
    The Representative desires to call attention to the  very unusual results achieved  by both Di-
rectrices of this Hut in the operation of their canteen  service, and attached to this report  will be
found a report made to the Representative by the Directrice, Miss Reid, together with a letter
of the Representative  to the Chief of the Bureau of Hospital  Representatives in Paris explain-
ing the  report, all  of  which  is worthy of attention.  All  the  details  regarding  this report are
indicated in the letter of the Representative, and show  distinctly that  a  canteen properly organ-
ized, systematized and operated by the methods employed at this Hut, need not show  a  loss.  The
principal requirement  is  care in  the handling  of stock,  taking your inventory and watching your
cash.  These three combined have produced the results achieved in this  canteen.

                                       Nurses Club
     While the Recreation  Hut was in progress of construction,  and  after  a careful study of
the situation of the large band of nurses  at these Bases, it became clear to the  Representative
that some meeting place  for the nurses of Base Hospitals  23 and  36  should be provided  by the
American Red Cross.  There existed a room which  had  been set aside  in one of the small hotels
occupied by  the nurses  of  Base  Hospital  36  and which had been taken over by Miss  Marion
Porter, of the Y. W. C. A.  as a reading  room.  But this  room, being located  in  the building
occupied by  nurses of  Base 36,  therefore failed in  its entire purpose, the nurses of Base 23
always  feeling some restraint about using  the room.
     The Representative thereupon planned to  build  a  Nurses' Club for the exclusive  use of the
nurses  of Base Hospitals 23 and  36, which would furnish them with a neutral meeting place un-
der  the banner of the American  Red Cross,  and the present American  Red Cross Nurses' Club
at these Bases was thereupon built.
     Like the  Recreation Hut, this  building was built  of hollow tile, on concrete foundations,
plastered inside, and very nicely decorated in warm,  homey colors.  It  was  lighted  throughout
by electricity, and of course was supplied with running water.   The building  was 126  feet  long
and  27  feet  wide  inside, and consisted of  a large living room 65 feet by 27 feet, which was fur-
nished  with  comfortable wicker chairs, tables, the walls surrounded by  low  benches over which
were hung  at ten foot  intervals  reading  lights.  Surrounded  by a fire bench was  a very large
open fireplace in which was maintained  at all times a good fire, which added very greatly to the
cheerfulness  and hominess  of this living room.
     In  the rear of the living room was placed the office  of  the Directrice, Miss Marion Porter,  of
the Y.  W. C. A., loaned to the American  Red Cross by  the Y.  W. C.  A.  In the  rear of the liv-
17Q 
ing room were also a kitchen, a bathroom, a rest room, a correspondence room in which  were six
individual desks,  a  workroom containing a large table with two electric irons for ironing,  and
two  Singer  machines.   The whole building was attractively decorated and  generally well fur-
nished and as complete a small Club establishment  as  probably exists in France  today for the
purpose for which it was intended.
    Like the Recreation Hut, this Club was placed  overlooking the  baseball field  leased  by the
American Red Cross for the use of the Units.  It has  been  the outstanding success of  the
American Red Cross activities from a pleasure standpoint  at  this  Post.   From a  humanitarian
standpoint the baths, of course,  stand first.
                                   Baseball  Grounds
    As above mentioned,  there was leased by the American Red Cross the horse-show ground of
the Societe which was devoted to baseball,  basketball and football.  The Representative obtained
permission from the Societe to lay out a diamond and strip the same, and in addition thereto he
constructed high back stops and foul line wires about the diamond.  This baseball  diamond was
considered  an A-l diamond by all those who played on it, and furnished a  tremendous amount
of interest and excitement  during the  season.
    Very excellent teams were organized and maintained by Base Hospitals  31 and  32 at Con-
trexeville, and by Base Hospitals 23 and 36  at Vittel, and inter-unit  matches  were  played  all
through the season,  resulting finally  in  a terrifically hard-fought match won by  the Base Hospital
23 by the home run  of the second baseman  in the 10th inning.   This sport furnished by the units
was  of  the greatest  benefit  to the convalescents.  The cost to the American Red Cross was insig-
nificant.
                                      Tennis Courts
    The Societe  owned six very fine  dirt  tennis courts located in the Park,  and by arrangement
with the Societe the  Representative was  enabled to have  two  of these courts set.  aside  without
charge for the benefit of the Staff and personnel and convalescents at this Post. In return there-
for the American Red Cross was to aid  in the putting into  shape all six courts and  for that were
to have the privilege of using the same when  not in service by the clientele  of the Societe dur-
ing the summer months.  These courts were tremendously used by everyone at the Post, and were
highly maintained and in excellent order.
                                       Golf Course
     The Societe  also owned and  controlled a  9 hole golf course right between the steeplechase
course and the Farm leased by the American Red Cross.   The privileges of this golf course were
extended to the Post under an  arrangement made  by  the Representative  with the  Societe  on
the same basis of  charge as that charged  French officers who preceded Base  Hospitals 23  and
36 at this Post,  i. e., one-fourth of the ordinary summer rate charged civilian clientele.

                              American Red Cross  Farm
     This farm of  110  acres located  about one-half mile  from the Park and owned by the So-
ciete  was leased to the American Red Cross to serve as a  truck garden for the convalescents, the
hope  being that it would give them the opportunity of getting out on the land in the form of light
duty  at the farm.
     About 8 acres of the low lands  of this farm were plowed, harrowed and placed in potatoes,
carrots, beets and other heavy vegetables, and about 2 acres in truck garden.
     In addition to  the above,  the American Red Cross purchased a flock of 289 sheep belonging
to the Societe, at a given price per kilo on  the hoof taken in March, and the American Red Cross
cared for these sheep, received all  the increase and sold  them in the fall to the local butcher and
to the Mess Officers of the hospitals;  the  result of the  deal showing a  net  profit  of 3lV2% on
the cost of the flock.
180 
    Insofar as  the  actual  management, and operation of this  Farm,  it was put in charge  of
Lieutenant E. L. Clarke in March,  1918,  he being succeeded in August by Lieutenant H. O. Tan-
ner, and Lieutenant Tanner being succeeded  in September by  Mrs. Ysobel Olivier, all of the Farm
Service Bureau, Paris.
    The Representative is clear in that it  did not accomplish exactly what was expected of it  to
do largely for  the reason  that it proved impracticable to secure for the farm at the given mo-
ment  needed the most, sufficient convalescent labor to carry  on the work successfully on as large
a scale as  that laid out.   For instance, at the time of planting in the spring,  the number of con-
valescents  marked "light  duty"  was  so  small  that the work  would not be done on time and  re-
sults therefore  were impeded by  delay and the amount of vegetables  produced was not sufficient.
The Representative believes that the real truth in regard to  the farm  operation at these Bases
is that the patients arriving here at Bases so near the front were not  able,  owing to their very
severe injuries, to carry on work on  a farm.  He believes that at Bases  further removed from the
front,  farm work of this  nature could have been undertaken by patients who were re-evacuated
to bases further from the  front on account of their improved  condition  of health and strength.
This is to me the only answer that I can evolve for the want of sufficient number of convalescents
to produce the satisfactory results at this  Farm.

                                        Barbershop
     The  inability to  meet the demand of patients for razors of  all types and shaving soap pro-
duced  a situation that forced upon the Representative the necessity of providing ways and means
for caring for  patients and enlisted men along these lines, and with that in view, a small building,
particularly well adapted  as to  situation and construction, was loaned to the American Red Cross
by  the President of the Societe,  and  in this building was installed a complete  barber shop; water
was carried into the building, and it was fitted with electric fixtures.
     The  building consisted of one floor.  On the left was a waiting room and on the right the
barber shop proper, containing three chairs  at which  three barbers  were at work during the day.
This became a very popular institution.  The barbers  were recruited from the Bases or convales-
cents,  the American  Red Cross providing  materials,  towels, etc.
     The  barber shop was under the charge of the Representative's assistant,  Lieutenant Belding,
who placed the building in the care of a top sergeant  and he was in control  at all  times.  This
institution took care  of as many as  75  men a  day and probably ran an average of 40.

                                         Warehouse
     In conjunction with the operation of these American Red Cross  activities, mention  must  be
made of the tremendous amount of work  done by the Staff and by convalescents in a small ware-
house operated by the Representative in the town of Vittel.   In this warehouse, formerly a gar-
age, was  erected long shelving with bins and a big table on  which were made  up thousands  of
comfort  bags  for distribution among the patients in  the hospitals.   Supplies were drawn from
Zone Headquarters,  Warehouse  11, Neufchateau, largely with  our own transportation.  Cases
were opened and comfort bags made up from the contents thereof  and  delivered to the Chief
Nurses of each hospital  at  the  Post.  These comfort bags were then distributed  to each patient
as he was admitted to the hospital.   The bags contained the  usual assortment of articles which
had been adopted by the American Red Cross as standard when they were  obtainable.
     There probably has  been no activity that has been  so  tremendously  appreciated  by  the
patients as their comfort bags, and  it is very regrettable that at the peak of our load here, the com-
fort bags were not supplied to us in sufficient quantity to care for all the patients.   The  Repre-
sentative  was able to secure material, and had made here in Vittel many, many hundreds of bags
with  the  Red  Cross thereon for the purpose of fitting and distributing at this  Post, but  no-
where near sufficient in quantity to cover all the needs.
181 
    All supplies of tobacco  were kept in this w arehouse, and  a  tobacco  and  cigarette  distribu-
tion was made to  each patient in  the  hospital, at first on Tuesdays and  Fridays of each  week,
and after July 1st on Fridays only.
                                       Requisitions
    As indicated in the foreword of  this report, the capacity of the Units was increased from 500,
their original  number, to 2500.  During that period of increase the American Red Cross Repre-
sentative was  called upon by the Commanding Officer to furnish  large requisitions  approved  by
the S.  O. S. of materials of all types, surgical dressings, etc., in order to meet the increased offi-
cial capacity  for which  these Units were  supposed to stand.
    These requisitions,  after the approval by the S. O. S.,  were forwarded  to Paris Headquar-
ters and were filled partly  from there and partly from Warehouse  No. 11 in the Eastern  Zone.
The amount  of material supplied by  the  American  Red Cross in filling these requisitions was,
of course, very, very  large,  and this  report will not be burdened with the details thereof.

                        General Office Of The  Representative
    As  the work  developed  the  Representative converted a store  under the Galleries into  an
office for himself,  his Lieutenant and secretary.  It  soon became  evident, as the hospitals  com-
menced to fill, that an additional personnel in the  form  of  Searchers, Home Service  Worker,
Lieutenants, etc., would be necessary, and that additional  office quarters would be required.  The
store next to  that  occupied  by the Representative was  obtained, a door cut through, and turned
into a working office, in which  there were placed all the Searchers, Home Service Workers and
one Lieutenant in charge of the Farm Service.
     This working office  also contained shelving on which a stock of small articles was kept for per-
sonal delivery to convalescents applying directly at the Red Cross office.  This stock consisted prin-
cipally of paper and envelopes, shaving brushes, shaving soap, razors  when obtainable,  talcum pow-
der, tooth brushes and tooth paste, magazines, illustrated papers in  large numbers, etc.,  etc.   In
this office were kept all  the records  of the Home Communication Service, and of the  Home Serv-
ice Section, and of these last two services nothing but praise can be said.
     The Representative acknowledges gratefully the high excellency  of the Staff that was assigned
to  him here at this Post.  This Staff  consisted at one time of twelve ladies,  divided  into the two
 services, and  all the personnel were as busy as they  could be during  the peak  of  our load.  What
 success and efficiency has been achieved at this Post is very largely due to them.  For long periods
 they  were under  great pressure,  and  the  Representative felt that owing  to  their hard work a
 proper and suitable housing  should be given them, and with that end in  view secured and  leased
 a modern villa at the edge of the Park,  in which were installed the entire Staff and in which they
 lived during  the winter  months.                      G. Hunter  Brown,  Major A. R. C.

                                                         Headquarters Base Hospital  No. 36,
 Captain G.  Hunter Brown, A. R. C,                       American Expeditionary Forces,
     Vittel (Vosges).                                             A. P. O. No. 732.
 Dear Captain Brown:                                                  February 15, 1919.
     It is with a sense of deep appreciation that I take this opportunity of thanking you  on  behalf
 of the officers, nurses and enlisted men of this organization  for  the co-operation  and  help of  the
 American Red Cross.
     Your personal interest  in the welfare of the patients and of the personnel  of  this organization
 merits the heartiest congratulations, and this will not  be  forgotten by Base Hospital 36.
     Everyone leaves Vittel with a good spirit towards the American Red Cross, through you and
 your very efficient Staff.                                 (Signed)   Henry G.  Berry,
                                                              Major, M. C, Commanding.
182 
Miss Evadne Laptad
American  Red Cross.
 Hospital and Home Communication Service, American Red Cross, at  Base
                                Hospital  No.  Thirty-six
     On March 19,  1918, the American Red Cross  began a development  of  its work at. Vittel
which was new  not only there, but to  all hospital centers of the A. E. F., and new in the history
of war work, as just this sort of service had not been  undertaken by any  other of the warring
nations.  The plan was to provide through the work of American women in the hospitals a means
of bridging over somewhat the distance between  soldiers in hospital and their people at home;
to send out from the hospital news of the men  being cared for there, to spare their families
the suspense of waiting indefinitely for  news after  perhaps having seen  the newspaper announce-
ment of battle casualties; to give  the family of a man who  died  in hospital what information the
censorship could permit of  his last days and his place  of burial; to learn  from comrades in hos-
pital whatever they  might know of the fate of men  reported killed or missing  in action.  Also,
through the women enlisted  in this service the comforts  provided by the American people in the
Red Cross were to be given to the sick and wounded. Organized, then, as the connecting link
between the American people and the men  in hospital, the  service  was called by a  name  appro-
priate if  long, Hospital  and Home  Communication Service, and  the workers were known as Hos-
pital Visitors and Searchers, "Searcher" being the  name applied by the British to the men who
secured information among  their  forces about, men  missing in  action.
     At Vittel  this,  like  all the  other work  of the Red Cross,  was under the  direction  of  Major
G. Hunter Brown,  Hospital Representative  for  Bases  36 and 23.  Major Brown's suggestions,
made at the request of the Paris  office,  had helped  shape the  plans for this  new phase  of Red
Cross activity, and  one of the first  group of workers sent  out  from  Paris was assigned to his
183 
station.  Whatever  success the  service achieved at Vittel was due primarily to his wise guidance.
Before the  coming of the first  Hospital Visitor. Major Brown had outlined to the Commanding
Officer and  the Chief Nurse the  purpose of the work.  The worker was received most graciously
by Colonel  Phillips, Mrs. Harris, and the hospital personnel.   The  nurses, having  always the
welfare of their patients most closely at heart, were  particularly  interested.    They  themselves
would gladly have rendered to the men all the varied services they  needed while they were in
hospital, if  only the task of  giving  the essential nursing care had not demanded all their effort.,
and  they welcomed an additional person to make common  cause with them in looking after the
men's  personal needs.
     Even at the middle of March,  Base 36 was caring for  enough  American patients  so that
the Hospital Visitor  found her  time fully  occupied, and as  the days went by, the opportunities
for  service  multiplied with the  increasing  number of patients,  and with the natural growth of
the work to fit the situation.   One very important need of  the men which manifested itself early
was  due to  their anxiety for their families because of unpaid  allotments or other difficulties, and
it was the duty of the Visitor to get the data necessary for investigating the  non-payment of the
allotment, and for enabling the  Red Cross Chapter  in the man's home locality to look after his
family.  The words,—"and somebody in your Red Cross Chapter at home will go  to see your
wife  and  make  sure  that she has everything  she needs,"  brought a  visible  relief to the man's
anxiety that gave proof of his confidence in the Red  Cross.
     With the increasing need, the number of Hospital Visitors  stationed at Vittel increased also,
though not in corresponding proportion, so that there  was always a realization of more work to do
than there were  people to do it.   About two months after the  first Visitor's  arrival, Miss Thomas
came out from  Paris to divide her  time  between secretarial  work  for Major Brown, and  the
work in the wards.  A  little later, Miss Chandlee came. For  the first five months, during the time
the service was  being organized and the methods worked out,  there  were  only  three Visitors.
Then Miss  Michael came at the  end of July, and Miss McGee and Miss Hileman in September.
When Miss  Thomas withdrew;  Miss Busey  came  on later  in the autumn.  During the  ten
months of  this service,  these members of the Hospital and Home Communication  Service, listed
in the order of their coming, were  stationed at Vittel, and divided their time between the two
Base Hospitals  there:
           Evadne M. Laptad                            Madeline Thomas
           Helen  M. Chandlee                            Clara Michael
           Eleanor McGee                                Grace J.  Hileman
           Garetta Busey
The  largest number of workers  at any one  time was  five, one  of  whom had  secretarial duties
also.
     Early in the summer, Major Brown added to the Red Cross office down  in the Park an ad-
joining room, on the door of which was lettered "Home Communication  Service."  Here,  be-
hind the plate glass which formed the front of the room, were  the shelves holding  our special
supplies, our library, our records  and files, and besides the necessary office  furniture, some com-
fortable chairs.  Here the "walking  patients" came for books  from the library, or for any of  the
things that were on the shelves; they came to gi ve information  about  missing  comrades, or  to
tell us their Home Service needs. They came on errands for  the nurses, or for their buddies who
were not able to leave the ward.  Often they appeared, towels over their arms, to get a cake of
soap on the way to the ever-popular Red Cross baths near  by.  When they were being  dis-
charged from hospital to go, as some of them did, direct to their  "outfits,"  they came to be sup-
plied  with  everything  we had,  from housewives to Testaments, that a soldier wants in the lines.
From this office  went magazines and stationery and sweet chocolate and fruit  and  a myriad other
things carried to the  hospital  wards by the Visitors,  aided  by an office boy  provided by  Major
Brown's thoughtfulness to lighten such labors.   Here were  written the telegrams  and cables and
letters  and reports  that were  necessary in ever-increasing numbers as the hospitals were filled to
184 
capacity with the tragic aftermath of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry and Saint Mihiel.
     Supplies from Paris,  renewed  with  amazing  regularity  and  generosity  considering  the
transportation difficulties, afforded such things as comfort-bags—was ever anything more worthy
of its name than the comfort-bag of blessed memory?—and toilet articles, chewing gum, choco-
late, and  cigarettes;  these  supplies  were supplemented,  through a revolving fund arranged  by
Major Brown,  with fresh  fruits, soups for  "special  diet"  cases,  ice-cream  sometimes—what  a
miracle  ice-cream  seemed to the typhoid  patients in the Hotel du Pare!  The revolving fund paid
for the  making of comfort-bags by women of the village when even our generous supplies from
Paris could not keep up with the needs of the crowded wards; it provided  flowers for the wards
and  for the burial services  of  men  who died; it paid, too, for nightcaps for patients  who, in  an
overcrowded building, were lying on cots in draughty halls, and for the sharpening of  dulled sur-
gical instruments in some of the operating rooms.
     As  time went on, the task of writing a  letter from the hospital for each man who was  in
serious condition, or who, even if not seriously wounded, could not write for himself,  became  so
great that, instead, a report giving each man's condition and, if possible, a  brief message to his
family, was sent in to the Paris office, where a letter  embodying this information was  written  to
each man's next of kin.  This meant for us a great extension of  our service,  as such reports could
be made concerning a hundred men  in the time it would have taken to write  twenty letters.  Sur-
geons and nurses, recognizing  the significance of these reports to  the people at  home, helped  us
by giving all the  information  possible about the men's condition.  Letters  were always written
from the  hospital, however great the pressure of work,  to the  families of  men who died, and
with the  lessened  censorship after the Armistice, it was  possible  to render  one further service
to these families through a letter telling them of the exact location of the  cemetery  where the
men were buried,  and of the memorial services that had been held there both by the French and
the Americans.
     No complete  picture can  be given  of  work so  varied as  this  was,  but the Hospital and
Home Communication Service kept  pace  as best it  could with  events  in  the history  of  Base
Hospital 36 from  March to January, and the increasing  burden borne by  the hospital through
the summer and fall reflects itself in such items, from the Visitors' reports to  Paris, as, under
"Supplies  distributed,"—"Comfort-bags, 5000," and  "Reports  on  wounded  and gassed, 1,579."
The memory of a Hospital Visitor is filled with recollections such as that  of the Marines who
came in early,  almost a whole Company  of them, all gassed; of the Tommies who thronged one
whole hospital  building  after Soissons; of the hundreds and hundreds of doughboys who came  in
from the  Argonne; of  the trainload of captured American wounded sent down by the  Germans
after the  Armistice from their hospital at Trier.  It holds kaleidoscopic pictures of scenes in the
wards, where  utmost effort and skill were  being brought to bear by surgeons  and nurses, and
where wounded soldiers laughed and joked  and did little kindnesses to those worse off than they,
and of the hospital offices where the Sergeants kept the hospital  machinery running,  and were
never too busy  to give  any information  or  help than a Visitor  needed.   Pictures too, of the
little  Chapel, and  of  the cemetery on the hill-top, where Doctor Maxon read the service for the
dead. Of nurses "off duty," making cake or candy  or something  else  that  would cheer  their
patients like a  glimpse of home; of  the gay little Christmas trees in the wards, and  of the re-
turned American prisoners  forgetting, in  that atmosphere, their  weeks in the German  hospital.
    Having to do with  war, these memories have,  most of them, more than a  hint of tragedy,
but they have the  kindliness and bravery  and devotion that redeem even tragedy.  We who were
Hospital Visitors cherish these memories.   We are grateful to  Base Hospital 36  for its  unfailing
kindness and consideration  toward us; we are glad  that we were associated even in small degree
with the work of  the Unit  at  Vittel, and  we wish to  pay the  tribute  of our admiration for  its
achievements.
                                                                EVADNE M. LAPTAD.
1S5 
Carl E. Schmidt
      WHEN  the war broke  out  the  stupendous problem of the American Red Cross fairly
       staggered the imagination.  Never  in the history of mankind had humanitarianism,
hospital organization, and the surgical care  of the disabled, had a greater task or test to fill this
immediate demand.
    The man who stepped forward and  paid  $35,000  to  organize,  establish and  equip a
Base  Hospital,  who had already as Governor Pingree's right hand man and advisor, done
much  for the prosperity and development of the city, was the man of the hour, Carl E.
Schmidt.
    While other hospitals  were handicapped  financially in the prompt  purchase of  equip-
ment,  Base Hospital 36, through the generosity of Mr. Carl  Schmidt  alone, was able to
enter the market  early and quickly complete the buying of supplies  and  equipment  that
made it  possible to develop and take overseas the first one thousand bed hospital that had
ever left American shores.
    Mr.  Schmidt  deserves  the  thanks of many a disabled  soldier in  grateful  recognition
of the handsome service he rendered to the Red Cross and humanity.  It is difficult to meas-
ure the  untold extent to which his generosity extended to  hospitals may have  reached.
The gift of Mr. Schmidt made  possible the early organization and transportation of  one of
the best equipped  Base Hospitals  in France.  Without Mr. Schmidt or an equal generosity,
the great work  of caring for  15,000 sick and wounded with a mortality of 1-10 of 1% could
not have been.
    Those who received the blessings of gentle care, good food, kindness,  skill  and  the
watchful guidance of  nurse and surgeon, can  never appreciate  that  without the inspira-
tion and generosity of Mr. Schmidt the organization  of  this hospital would have been
impossible.
                                                                 Burt R. Shurly.
18fi 
Alexander Ingersol Lewis.
     What the Red Cross Did for Base Hospital No. 36 In the Great War

    With the sanction of Mr. Gustavus D. Pope, Chairman of the Detroit Chapter, in April,
1917,  the Detroit Chapter, American Red Cross, was authorized  to equip  Base Hospital
No. 36.  Mr.  A. Ingersoll Lewis was appointed purchasing agent.
    At a meeting of the Executive Committee held August  29th,  1919, it was resolved to
appropriate $1,000.00 for  the use of B. H. No 36, this money to be expended at the discre-
tion of the Commanding  Officer, in buying needful comforts for the patients.  This was
done  at the request of  Mr. A. Ingersol  Lewis.   From the inception of the Unit until  its
demobilization,  Mr.  Lewis had  the Unit  ever in mind.  He worked  with untiring zeal and
energy and it was largely due to his efficient efforts that Base Hospital No. 36 was one
of the best equipped Units sent overseas by the United States.  Mr. Lewis purchased for
the Unit  one Paige touring car, three Indian motorcycles with side cars, six bathtubs, a
telephone system for  communication between buildings, extra  dentists' tools and supplies,
additional  X-Ray machines and  plates,  kitchen ranges and ice  boxes.
    Mr.  Lewis'  work in the organization of the Unit was of  the greatest importance.  He
was extremely anxious to go overseas and every possible effort was made to have his ap-
pointment  as  Captain and Quartermaster  in the  Reserve  Corps confirmed.  Major Shurly
took the matter up  with  the President personally, but the War Department  decided that
only regular  Army men could be sent in  that capacity.   His  work was well  done with
extraordinary energy and  zeal at a time  when  it was indeed  difficult to buy.  The Unit
was equipped as no other in France.  Ingersoll  Lewis deserved the credit and the memory
187 
Mrs. W. H. Burtenshaw.                          Mrs. Henry B. Joy.
 of his work, his loyalty,  and his  business ability should survive in the memory of all.  By
 his success may be measured to a great extent the comfort of the command and the suc-
 cess of the care and treatment of the  sick and  wounded.  This recognition of  deeds  well
 performed can only be spoken in mere words, the records and the results speak for them-
 selves.
    Mrs.  Henry B. Joy,  Chairman, and Mrs. William  H. Burtenshaw,  Vice Chairman,  of
 the Hospital  Garments Surgical  Supplies, and Comfort Bag Committee  (afterwards known
 as the  Purchasing Committee), were  instructed to purchase materials and equipment spec-
 ified in A. R. C. Bulletin No. 164.
    This  seemed like a large order for  the equipment,  for Base  Hospital No.  17  was not
 yet completed, the market was depleted.  There was  a great scarcity of materials of all
 kinds, shipments were  exceedingly slow, and also it was difficult to get  volunteer workers
 and sewers.   The United States had but  just entered  the war and our boys were not yet
 actively engaged,  so the personal element and  interest  did not enter into it.   Six months
 later,  with many of our boys in service, workers by the hundreds were available, but by
 that time Base  Hospital No.  36 was doing its own work for our sons and husbands behind
 the firing line.
    One day, a Red Cross official enquired of  a  member of  the Purchasing  Committee,
 "Who supplies the money for the Base  Hospitals?  Does it come from Washington?"  He
 received the reply, "Oh, Mr.------, as yet no one knows.  We are much  too busy spending
 the money to bother about  where it  is coming from."
    We frequently had  nervous prostration calls, such  as "36  is ordered to sail  in  three
days," "36 is leaving in a week," etc.  The greatest secrecy was, of course, preserved re-

                                          188 
Mrs. E. D. Stair                                Mrs. James T. Shaw.
garding the  date  of  the Unit's sailing.   The  Packing Committee worked day and night,
their only  reward for aching backs being the sight of those hundreds of neat boxes packed
and labeled for overseas.
    But in spite of our  handicaps, our ignorance  and our inexperience, we tried to  "carry
on" that the Unit might not sail  without the  equipment.
    Newberry House, 483 Jefferson Avenue, had  been generously donated by the Newberry
Estate as  Headquarters  for all Chapter work.  Here and  in workrooms connected with it
(at this time numbering 101)  were prepared supplies for Base  Hospital  No. 36  at a total
cost of $10,922.53.   The Chapter  agreed  to furnish  material  to  all societies,  clubs, and
churches doing Red  Cross work.  The Club of  Doctors' Wives and several others supplied
their own  material.   Splendid assistance was given by the following cities in  the state:
Adrian, Alma College, Alma, Ann Arbor, Bay  City, Bellevue,  Island Lake, Orion, Centre-
ville, Elberta, Grand Rapids,  Harbor  Beach, Hillsdale, Howell, Harrisville, Ironwood, Iron
River,  Jonesville,  Lyons,  Mayville,  Manistee,  Mackinaw City,  Plymouth,  Point Aux Barques,
Rogers, Richmond,  Saginaw,  Traverse City,  Williamsburg,   West  Branch, Wayne and
Wyandotte.
    Shipments of cut garments were sent  out from  Newberry House to the above named
cities, and  the garments were  made up and returned  by them.
    At this time,  with the scarcity of help of  all kinds, perhaps our most valuable assist-
ance was   George Smith,  colored  waiter,  who  was loaned by the University Club.  Smith's

                                           189 
 duties comprised every kind of work from carpenter to caterer, and the vigor and cheerful-
 ness with which he nailed up boxes from morning  until night was, I am sure, indicative
 of the way in which he  afterwards fought at the front.
    In the summer of 1917,  Mrs. James T. Shaw was  appointed Second Vice Chairman of
 Newberry  House and did invaluable  work in our office with the Press (the Chapter offices
 were  not organized on a war  basis at the time) and  in the equipment of Base Hospitals.
 Miss  Kathleen O'Donnell was  engaged as Secretary at Newberry House.  Mrs. Charles G.
 White was placed  in charge of the sewing department, which was also a distributing cen-
 ter.  Mrs.  Wilcox,  Mrs. Wright, and the Misses Wright were in charge of the cutting  and
 assembling of hospital garments.  Mrs.  Truman H. Newberry was appointed Chairman of
 the Packing and Shipping Committee, with Mrs. Kathleen Eddy Mundy, Mrs. William V.
 Moore, and  Mrs. William V.  Moore, Jr.  Later, upon Mrs. Newberry's resignation, Mrs.
 Mundy was  made Chairman of the Committee.   Miss  Kate Traver  was  in  charge  of  the
 Receiving  Department  for the  Base Hospital work.  Miss Mildred  Kempf was Chairman
 of the Information  Bureau,  Miss Ella Joy, of the Switchboard Committee.  Mrs. Elspeth
 Vaughn, Mrs. Charles Tower, Mrs. E.  R. Breitenbacher were in charge of Surgical  Dress-
 ings,  which were prepared to the value of $1,206.77.
    Other supplies  were  796 5/6  dozen  sheets, 237 dozen pillow slips, 470 dozen towels,  100
 table cloths, 230 dozen table  napkins, 1,040 dozen tray cloths, 91^4 dozen pajamas, 140 dozen
 hospital  bed shirts, 525 bathrobes, 120 dozen pairs of  socks, 84 dozen operating gowns,
 222^2 dozen handkerchiefs, 11  dozen operating  caps, 43^4  dozen pairs ward  slippers,  20
 dozen shoulder wraps,  and many small articles  in great quantities.
    Every assistance was given the Purchasing Committee by  various business firms of
 the city and by the First  and Old Detroit National Bank, the J. L. Hudson Company placed
 its purchasing department at our disposal, the Edson  Moore Company gave the valuable
 services  of  their experienced buyer, Mr.  James F. McKnight, the Princess  Manufacturing
 Company made our buttonholes, the  Police Department furnished watchmen both day and
 night, for  the  city  was full of spies and German sympathizers  eager to pick up  bits  of
 news and  information.  The utmost care was exercised in the  supervision  and guarding
 of the surgical dressings, but in spite of our utmost caution, one  lot of dressings was tam-
 pered with.  Fortunately  it was discovered in time and resulted  in  the burning of all  the
 drains and sponges  in  the box.   We also found glass in  one lot  of uncut gauze.  "C'est la
 Guerre."
    In September,  1917, having fulfilled its responsibilities for the organization, equipment,
 maintenance, and publicity of the Unit,  which was now ready for work, the  Detroit  Chap-
 ter turned  it over to the War Department.
    On the  departure of  the nurses, the  Chapter made an allowance to each of $100.00,
 to help pay  for personal  equipment, realizing that the nurses who  were volunteering  for
 war work would meet many unusual expenses in leaving their homes.
    In November,  1917, we  shipped  Christmas packages and comfort bags to the Unit.  We
 learned with great  regret that  they only arrived in time for Easter.
    One summer afternoon,  the  writer had the good fortune to visit the Unit when  it was
 in camp at the State Fair  Grounds and received an unforgettable impression.  Everywhere
 such systematic,  calm  readiness  in  both  soul  and body, such eager  waiting  for  the word
 "go,"  such thoughtful  tenderness for the mothers, wives, sweethearts, visiting them, per-
haps for the  last  time, for well we all knew that when  the  call should come they would,
like the Arabs, "fold their tents  and  as  silently steal away."
190 
Group of Com'alesccnts, Soldiers and Nurses
Group of Convalescents
Floral Piece Presented to Major Barrett by the French
                    People.
Xmas Boxes Ready for Shipment to B. H. 36, A. E. F.
    My  last  impression of  Base  Hospital Unit  No. 36 was a benediction,  for Dr.  Maxon
stood in the door of his tent in the radiant sunset.  In his hand was a miniature communion
service beautifully wrought  in  Old English silver.   He had just been showing us this pre-
cious gift to his Chaplain  equipment, and it seemed symbolical of  the strong purpose in the
hearts of our American  soldiers—"This do in remembrance of Me."
                                                                Anne K. Burtenshaw.
Camp at Fair Grounds, Detroit.
Camp, Another  View.
191 
                                                                   August 15th, 1917.
                                 Red Cross Committee
                              Albert B. Lowrie, Chairman
         Fred E.  Gregory                            Arthur W. Kilpatrick
         William Riddell                           Frederic W. Dennis
 Major Burt R. Shurly,
 Base  Hospital Unit No.  36,
 American Expeditionary Forces.
 My Dear Sir:
    We  beg to advise you that in  addition to the equipment provided for by Detroit Commandery
 No. 1 for your Unit, the sum of $2,561.84 has been  set aside for the purpose of providing such
 additional equipment for  Base  Hospital Unit No. 36 as may be found necessary,  and which is
 not provided  for by the  United States Government.   We understood from a recent conversation
 with  you that  a  number of special  instruments will be needed at once, and you  are at liberty
 to draw  on this Committee for any sum up to the amount specified.  Should this amount not be
 sufficient to provide for your needs, we  shall be  very  glad to  have you  advise  us  regarding
 further equipment found necessary,  and we  have no doubt that Detroit  Commandery will raise
 funds accordingly.
    We  note in this  morning's paper that your Unit  is about  to mobilize, and before leaving
 we would be pleased to  have you  confer with some member of  the Committee,  and any sugges-
 tions  as  to how Detroit  Commandery may render your Unit assistance  will be gladly received.

                                            Very truly yours,
                                                      Arthur W. Kilpatrick,
                                                    Secretary Red Cross Committee,
                                            Detroit  Commandry  No.  1, Knights Templar.
                                                         Chicago, 111., Aug. 21,  1917.

                         How  the Nurses Were Equipped
    One  of  the  most interesting  and important efforts of the war on the "home front" was
 that  made by  a  band of devoted Detroit women  to equip properly the nurses who went
 from  Detroit to  France, and  later, as part of a national campaign, to  force through Con-
 gress the bill granting  military rank for  nurses.
    In the summer of 1917, when  The Campfire  Girls  of  the  First  Presbyterian Church
 were  asked by Mrs.  Bethune Duffield  to  prepare  comfort bags for the soldiers, one of the
 girls  said to Mrs. Robert Beattie, head of  the organization:
    "But why not, instead, do  something  for the four hundred or more  nurses who  are
 being sent away with inadequate equipment, their personal friends alone paying any atten-
 tion  to them?"
    The  campfire girl suggested  that Mrs. Beattie constitute herself a committee  of one
 to look into the matter.
    Mrs. Beattie interviewed  Dr. Angus Maclean and  Dr. Burt Shurly, who  referred  her
 to Mrs.  Harris, head of the  Shurly unit, and Miss  McLaughlin, head of Harper unit. Both
 confirmed the  statement made to the campfire girls as to the scant equipment of the nurses.
 The  next step was to  see  Dr.  Joseph Vance, pastor of the First Presbyterian  Church, who
 asked Mrs.  Beattie to bring the matter  before the women of the congregation. Mrs. Har-
ris accompanied  Mrs. Beattie to a meeting  and  explained  conditions  thoroughly,  where-
 upon  there was  appointed  a  committee of prominent women to  take instant action. This
committee, known  as The  Nurses'  Aid Committee,  consisted of:
192 
    Mrs. Robert Beattie, chairman, Mrs. A.  V. Lind, Mrs. Henry Kanter, Mrs. A. C. Wood-
bridge,  Mrs. Raymond B. Hoobler,  Miss Sylvia Allen, Mrs. Henry  Jeffrey,  Mrs. A.  R.
Kerr, Mrs.  A. P. Williams, Mrs.  Geo. Johnston, Miss F. Uttley, Mrs.  Paul Moody, Mrs.
Forman, Mrs  John  Mabley, Mrs. Oviatte.
    The chairman submitted to Mrs. Harris   several  specimens of bags,  and one of khaki,
with red cross,  was chosen.  The chairman furnished the material and the members of the
committee  made the bags and  crosses, 422 in all.  Then  the committee raised by special
canvass funds to fill the bags with  the  necessary articles of personal use and  equipment,
the understanding being that every woman who filled a bag should mark it with her  name
and  become the adopted mother and correspondent of the recipient.
     In  connection with this part of the work much praise is due to Mrs. Lind, vice-chair-
man of the committee, whose efforts were untiring;  to Mrs. R.  P. Williams, president of
the  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum, who  enlisted the sympathy of Mrs. Horace  Dodge and
other prominent women by whom many bags were filled; to Mrs. Kerr, who interested Mrs.
John Dodge.  The thanks of the committee are also due to Mrs. Henry Kanter, who placed
in every bag  a  New  Testament with  the  verse, "Not  to  be ministered  unto, but  to min-
ister," marked.   Mrs. Geo. Johnston also performed greatly appreciated  services.
     An interesting affair took place  at the Children's Hospital when the  full committee was
presented by  Mrs.  Harris  to the nurses of  her own hospital and the first batch of bags was
distributed.  Each  member of the  committee  took part in the presentation, which was ac-
companied  by appropriate speeches.   Other bags were presented when the  nurses  left  the
city and  every  effort was made not  to allow a single one to  leave without  a personal
presentation.  To provide for cases  where  departure was hurried, bags  were taken to  the
Nurses' Home,  Warren and Brush,  where they were given to those called suddenly to the
front.   The bags for Harper Hospital  unit, which left before the  effort was launched, were
taken  overseas  by a friend and posted to the nurses from London.  Money was forwarded
to Miss McLaughlin  for filling the bags or for any other purpose she might deem fit.
     Springing  out  of  the visit  of  Mrs. Harris  to  the First  Presbyterian  Church,  Mrs.
Hoobler and  Mrs. Sibley  offered to  equip completely  two of the nurses for service.   The
committee  urged that efforts be made to induce the Red Cross to make a grant to  the
nurses.  Great  assistance  was rendered in this respect by Mrs. Harris,  T. C.  Greenwood,
of The Journal, Byres Gitchell, sec'y  of the  Board of Commerce, and Mrs.  Russell Alger,
whose interest was excited by Mrs. Harris.  These influences, combined with others, induced
the  Red Cross  to give each departing  nurse $100, with the possible exception  of some of
the  Harper nurses, who left before the committee was organized.  Before Shurly unit left,
the  committee  saw  that money was  placed with  Mrs. Harris for small  necessities of  the
nurses and herself.
     In addition the committee obtained the aid of all the Presbyterian churches in the city
and numerous  personal friends to purchase sweaters for the nurses, who, in their first let-
ters from France, complained of the  intense cold.   In  a short time every  overseas  nurse
from Detroit  received a sweater of the warmest  kind.  At Christmas a sum of  money was
sent to Mrs.  Harris for the use of  the nurses and herself.
     Arrival of  the  nurses in  France  led naturally and inevitably to the second branch of
the  campaign in which  the  same group of  public-spirited  Detroit  women  took part,  to-
gether with many others throughout  the republic.  Letters soon began  to arrive from the
war zone  telling how the nurses  had discovered that their work was being often nullified
through lack of authority.  They were  neither officers nor privates,  and were unable to
secure that quick  performance of requests by hospital orderlies upon which  the  lives of
the  wounded  frequently depended.
                                                                      Mrs. Beattie.
193 
Red Cross Workroom.
                              Christmas Boxes—1917

    For the first Christmas season after the entry of the  United States into the war. the
women of the Detroit Chapter of  the American Red Cross put in more than two weeks of
tremendous  work  preparing Christmas  packages for American  men  in service.   Of these
Base  Hospital 36  received twenty-four  cases.
    With headquarters in  the  Recreation Building, 147 Shelby Street, where the use of two
large  stores on  the ground floor was given by the Sweeney-Huston Company, a regular
"factory  system,"  if such it might be called,  was  instituted for efficiency.   Long tables,
upon  which articles for the boxes were  heaped, filled  the  room.  As each  article was put
in, the box was  passed on to  another worker  until filled.  It was then sent into an adjoin-
ing room  to be  stamped, wrapped and  directed and packed into larger cartons and boxes
for  shipment.  From  8:30 in the morning until 11 at night many of the workers were busy.
Every article which would appeal to the soldiers, including our doctors and  nurses, was
purchased; from playing cards and cribbage boards to  fountain pens and writing paper,
shaving soap,  handkerchiefs, scissors, malted  milk, shoe strings, candy and tobacco.  With
each went a Christmas card  bearing good wishes  from  the individual donor or from the
chapter and on each package was  stamped the name of the Detroit Chapter A. R. C.
    The  officers in charge were Mrs. E. D. Stair, Chairman, Mrs. Alanson S. Brooks, Vice-
chairman, Mrs.  James T. Shaw,  Chairman  of the  Publicity Committee with  many others
on the list as workers.  Any other Christmas  gifts we or our  friends wished to send to in-
dividuals were carefully wrapped and put in one of the 24 cases.
    We were all so happy in the work  and confident that  our husbands and friends would
receive for Christmas the packages packed with such care  and thought; but alas!  on arriv-
ing in France the cars containing the boxes were needed  for troops and our precious cases
were  left  on a  siding delayed until  April, so  Christmas and Easter presents arrived simul-
taneously! A little late, but none the less  appreciated.  I still have letters so full of en-
thusiasm from Chaplain Maxon, Colonel Phillips, Miss Cooper, Mrs. Harris and other doc-
tors and  nurses.  One of the nurses of  the  unit wrote home: "I want to tell you how much
everyone appreciates  all you  home people have done for us.  I feel that we are indeed for-
tunate to  have these  gifts come through and am sure the Red Cross has done all possible
to get them to us.  I  really marvel we have  been allowed  so much shipping space.   You
people must be going hungry  to give us all these  luxuries, and  I can assure you we who
are  so comfortable here will see that some  of it goes to our dear men who are coming back
to us  as well as  those who are 'going out'."
194 
    In addition to  the  gifts from the A. R.  C.  described above, the Doctors' Wives Red
Cross Unit  which met  during the war  at  the Wayne County Medical Building also pro-
vided Christmas gifts for each doctor and nurse in the unit.  Included among these presents
was  an immense fruit  cake baked and  contributed by Mrs. George E. Potter.  A similar
gift  was sent to the Harper Unit.   The  officers of this organization were: President, Mrs.
John Bell; Secretary, Mrs.  T. P. Camelon; Treasurer, Mrs. H.  Wellington Yates; Execu-
tive  Officer, Mrs. J. H. MacMillan.  When the  boxes were ready they were sent to the A.
R. C. headquarters at  Shelby Street  and shipped with the other cases.
     When the  shadow  of war was over our country,  in our hearts a Merry Christmas was
hardly possible, nor could we anticipate an entirely Happy New Year.   We knew the vic-
tory and peace we desired  could  not be obtained  without struggle and  sacrifice.   We en-
tered the war  with complacent self  assurance and enthusiasm,  qualities that had to be re-
placed with grim  determination.   Co-operation and  co-ordination were  the ends toward
which we  had to strive, and working together  heart and soul for those over there was at
once our inspiration and salvation.
                                                         Esther Longyear McGraw.
State Fair Grounds. 
                          AN  EPISODE OF THE LATE  WAR
                                       In Two Parts
                                          Entitled
                            WAS IT THE  DUC DE ROHAN?

                                         Dedicated
                                            To
                                      George Sackrider
                                    (My Old Side-Kick)

                                            By
                                       George E. Fay
                                            1922
                                         Part  One
                                    AT THE  FRONT

     Life with the A. E. F. in France gave to almost every  American soldier, numerous personal
experiences  of one sort or another, the  sum total of which cloaks his memory in that indefinable
fabric  of romance, which, if he possess  imagination,  will accompany him always and fill his days
with interest to the end.
     Dreams—hazy impressions—vague recollections—inspired  perhaps  by the damp of melting
snow—by the fragrant  odor of a cigarette in  the cool, crisp air, or perchance the soft scraping
of a match-box—presto, you see your old comrade,  George, once more seeking  the solace of a
puff or two  in the shadowy dimness  of  your  tent, after the passage of the German Bomber, and
life  seems good  even there in the mud along  the Cambrai—St. Quentin canal.
     Yes, we were  there—George and I—just another team doing surgery  with  the  British in
January, '18—for the time being attached to their Army.
     We had  worked hard for some days among John Bull's good fellows and  I recall were reluct-
ant to  leave—but orders came to move, and at mess that  noon the C. O. gave us  a  half-day  off
to look about a twice fought battle-field.
     The little Padre spoke up:  "I say, have you  fellows  been to  Manancourt?  It's  interest-
ing—what's left—you should see the  cemetery."   So we did.
     After visiting the Aerodrome and  knocking about  the old trenches  for some  miles, miles of
dirt, barbed wire, the cast off ordnance of war and  flocks of crows, we came out  upon the road
that wound  its  way through slush  and  mud, through  the ruined town of Manancourt,  and
brought up  at the  narrow lane that led within the cemetery walls.   Ancient walls of brick—
once stone-capped, but no more,  for Fritz had cleverly carved these slabs  to  mark the graves of
one-hundred-and-fifty of his dead lying silently there.  Were they the first?   Who knows?
     In the middle of the enclosure stood  an old brick mausoleum of large dimensions with cracked
walls and gapping  doors.  Five or six stone  steps strewn with brick and mortar leading up be-
tween two large stone pillars, somewhat out of plomb and under  the  cracked stone lintel, all  gave
emphasis to  an admonitory sign upon the wall:—  "DANGEREUX, DEFENSE  D'ENTRER"
(Dangerous,  forbidden to enter).
     We entered  but within the doorway  found the greater  part of the main  floor fallen through
and  lying in  the cellar below, a pile of debris lighted  softly  through a yawning shell-hole in the
roof which told the tale.
     As eyes  became accustomed to the light, one could  descry  dark crypts opening in  the cellar-
walls and could discern a casket on the summit of the pile below,—dragged from  some crypt and
opened part  way down disclosing the black and leathery countenance of a silent occupant face up-
ward toward  the sky.  Who could it have  been, we wondered.
196 
     Set into the wall on our  level and to the right were two marble tablets which could be reached
 by hugging close and walking upon the remaining narrow ledge of the old tile floor.
     I looked and read  on one:   "Ci git Henri, le Due de Rohan, Ne  1579, Decede 1638."   The
 other  was erected to La Duchess de Rohan with dates of birth and death.
     Could this then be the last remains of the historic Duke of Rohan?  We departed wondering.

                                           Part Two
                                       AT NANTES
     Over a  year trailed away  with its varigated war experiences. The Armistice had long  since
 been signed.  The colonels and some of the  ranking majors, and some  few others from our  unit,
 had variously left  for  home, and the  bulk  of our outfit was moved into Brittany  not far  from
 the  old historic  walled  city of Nantes,  with  its feudal castle of origin centuries old, with its mu-
 seum, its art galleries  and miriads of interesting things; not a half-bad place to await our em-
 barkation orders.

     One day while nosing about the Musee Dobree (that's the museum in Nantes), the old cura-
 tor  had  shown me many things of interest in the way of  ancient coins, medieval  armor, fighting
 implements, paintings,  tapestries and ceramic art-treasures,  dating  from Caesar's day on down,
 and we  were just starting to ascend the stairway when my eye  was caught by an interesting old
 French print on the wall depicting a court-yard scene of days gone by.
     In this  picture an old-fashioned stage-coach had entered by an arched gate-way in the back-
 ground and the  four champing horses restlessly pranced while  a  number  of gaily dressed ladies
 (recent occupants of the coach), gossiped near-by amidst bright colored ribbons, plumes and  flar-
 ing  petticoats much to  the interest of the  inhabitants  who scrutinized them from the windows of
 the surrounding dwellings.
     In the foreground  stood a  knot of gentlemen, also in costume of the time, with broad plumed
 chapeaux,  ample capes, cocked up  rapiers and high-heeled boots with crenelated tops.  Some were
 bowing profoundly with wide  sweep of hat.   D'Artagnan might have been  there with  the other
 immortal Three.
     The picture was  entitled,  "Le Rencontre  entre, Louis XIII  et Le Due de Rohan."  (The meet-
 ing between Louis  XIII and  the  Duke of Rohan).
     I  looked sharply at the good old curator and  exclaimed joyfully, "Ah ha! My friend  The
 Duke of Rohan!"
     "O non!" said he,  II n'est pas votre ami."
     "Mais oui!" said I, "He is too my friend, I've met him here in France."
    "It seems not possible," persisted the curator.  Ce n'est pas  la verite."
     "But yes!"   I  argued and with  great emphasis, "I know that man."
     "No-no-no-no!   Pas vrai, parce qu'il  est mort."
     "Mort!' Dead!  Why yes,  certainly he's dead.  He was also dead when I met him."
     Thereupon I proceeded to relate to the amazed curator the details of this narrative as given
in PART ONE,  withholding only the name of the town in which the cemetery  lay.
     "Oui! Oui, Yes, indeed,"  he  admitted,  "It was The Duke  of  Rohan  whom you saw and at
the town of Manancourt, N'est-ce-pas?  for he was buried there."
     So we need wonder no more,  old friend, George.  Au revoir, Cheerio!
197 
FOR MISCELLANEOUS  CHAPTER
                                    B. H. 36 HISTORY

    From  time  to time  interesting excerpts from Dr.  Shurly's letters to Mrs. E. D. Stair, chair-
man of the Press Committee for Detroit Chapter, American Red Cross, were published in the News
Letter, the official organ for Detroit Chapter.
    Appearing in the  sixth number of the Bulletin, June 1, 1918, was the  following "by Major
Burt R.  Shurly, Commanding Base Hospital No. 36, Somewhere in France:"
    "Don't take stock in all the dour  utterances of fine  gloom artists and  camouflage workers
you hear sometimes  in Detroit.  Would that  iEsop and Grimm lived in these days to shake hands
with brother birds whose  feathers are of the same variety, kind, color, and shape.
    "Of course we get lonesome.  Of  course we get homesick.  Of course some develop a pessi-
mistic atmosphere, but as true as there is a God in Heaven, so sure will the savage be stayed in
this country and the glorious victory will be ours.
    "Be that  as it may, this old Unit,  No. 36, is steadily on  the  job  ready at roll-call,  sawing
wood, eating the regular army hardtack, and exhibiting no lantern slides  or other statements which
waver  from that noble voice  of  the gospel called 'truth.'
    "This spot, except for the fact that it has rained for every day but one during the last month,
is one of the  most delightful you could cast your eye or two upon, and there are wonderful envir-
ons which  I expect to  dissect in the future, including the birthplace of Jeanne d'Arc.
    "At present we have 2,200 beds ready for business and we have had all kinds of interesting and
serious work,  and as we had expectation of a drive along this  front we were all prepared,  but the
terrific struggle seems  to be over on the British front.  Therefore, we are at present a  first-class
emergency hospital with everyone willing to do all kinds of work and not much work to do.  This,
however, is only a short lull and we no doubt will receive a large number in a few days.  Our hos-
pital work seems to be after the style of the feast or the famine.
    "Our  tuberculosis farm is the only one of its kind  in France and the Red Cross has decided to
have no  more, as they are husbanding their resources for other  things; but it is wonderful how
our tuberculosis patients—those recovering  from bronchitis and pneumonia—have improved stead-
ily while they  were working out in this beautiful open air of the hills.  There is something about
the outdoor life, with its picturesque scenery, its pastoral simplicity,  and its almost monotonous
stillness, that appeals to the soldier boy after a few weeks of the coughs, colds and hoarseness of
the trenches.  We are glad to have it at any rate.   We  believe it a unique, useful and valuable
adjunct in treatment,  especially of incipient tuberculosis boys."
    On July 15, 1918, another message brought a graphic picture before the eyes of the workers
in Detroit.  Says Major Shurly:
    "Allow me  to congratulate you on  the wonderful News Letter published by the Detroit Chap-
ter.  It is simply marvelous to know the many things accomplished  by  the Red Cross at  home.  It
is difficult  indeed for us to realize where this work or where these base hospitals would have been
without you.  With the enormous number  of wounded at  this  place, directly from the  front, the
surgical dressings which you have made for us are used in great quantity daily.
    "Our  work is indeed  humanitarian and cosmopolitan.  We have American,  French, British,
and Italian wounded in this hospital at the present writing, not to mention a sprinkling of Algerians,
Moroccans, and Arabians.  Our repertoire resembles that used at the Tower of Babel, and in my
particular case is almost as difficult to  understand.   It is astonishing how much sympathy and good
work can be expressed with the sign  language, and we  really get on wonderfully with a mixture of
the English 'Don't cha know,'  interspersed with some French and a few Italian words.  Of course,
we can talk to German prisoners, who  are wounded here, but we hate to use the language.
    "The American Red Cross has established a club for officers on temporary duty and those who
are passing through  to and from the front.  We leased  a theater, with seating capacity  of  700,
198 
in the large Casino, where, in conjunction with the Y. M. C. A., the movie fan is delighted  with
American films several times a week.  We have taken over a wonderful bath establishment  con-
nected  with the hydropathic  institute  where patients, officers, nurses  and enlisted men can obtain
a fine tub or shower bath, hot or cold, any time of  the day.
    "If you had seen with me many hundred soldiers' uniforms—bloody, battle-scarred, and filthy;
literally moving with the millions of  'cooties' that covered them, out in the  yard awaiting steril-
ization in our great steam sterilizers—you would appreciate that the opportunities offered by the Red
Cross cannot be estimated in value.   The combination here of Red Cross cleanliness and Y. M. C.
A. godliness puts an  old proverb into practical application, for they make it possible for the sold-
iers and patients to enjoy the  wholesome atmosphere of this country by providing a wonderful
baseball  field, tennis courts, opportunities for golf, and work on the Red Cross farm.  This farm,
with 240 sheep and lambs, with truck gardening and  farming, is  extremely picturesque with sold-
iers scattered  over its hundred acres, regaining  strength by  working in the fields.
     "The great work of organization is going on wonderfully well, and this  hospital is caring for
the sick and wounded with a machine-like precision obtained after many hours of hard work  and
co-operation with all  departments to this great  aim.   We thank you  for your very necessary part
in perfecting  this great plan of work.  With our combat  forces producing the finest soldiers in
the world, and  the medical department  always on  the alert to preserve the  wastage of  men, we
trust this war will soon come to a victorious end."
     It  is "Colonel" B.  R. Shurly  who  has written the letter quoted  in the News Letter of  Feb-
 ruary  15, 1919, which serves as a fitting commentary on the service of the  hospital, as well as the
 fulfillment  of hopes  for a victorious  ending  of the war, expressed in the earlier messages.
     "Since the armistice we have been very busy caring for American and  Allied  prisoners who
 were wounded, captured and  cared for  in German  base hospitals.   It is  exceedingly interesting
 to talk with them.  Many of them were  mere skeletons.  They had little complaint of their  treat-
 ment,  as they said their food was as good as  that of German  soldiers, which seems to be  very
 meager.   But the wonderful  Red  Cross supplies sent through to our American prisoners, reach-
 ing them twice a week, were sufficient to save  them  from  a slowly  progressing starvation.    The
 great  work that was accomplished  in feeding  these prisoners can never be  told.   Indeed,  many
 lives were  saved by adding  strength  for operations  and convalescence.
     "The last  week of fighting was dramatic beyond description.   The great war machine which
 had been finally organized by  the united efforts  of our  people at home made its tremendous
 efforts felt by  the Germans.
     "Our work over here is done,  but  the restoration and reconstruction of a new map,  new
 countries, and emancipated people becomes the work of our legislation.
     "We have fought  the flu, mended  the flyer,  treated the wounded bosche kindly, operated on
 the French, tried to talk to the Syrian, Russian,  Arabian, and Hottentot, parlied with the French
 patients  and  dutifully bound  up the  wounded  hearts and bodies of our nurses and soldiers.   The
 experience is wonderful.  My vein of  humor  has had so  many anodynes and stimulating  hypo-
 dermics  that I scarcely know when or  whether to cry or laugh.  But the  blessings  of it are that
 the war is finished,  and that we are alive and breathing:  that our  soldiers  have  had  the  most
 glorious victory the world  has ever known; that  we  are soon to return to 'God's  country,'  from
 which  no good American should dare to wander  unless it is to save his country.
     "The  Red Cross  has done its work wonderfully well.   It is  hard to  realize  that we  are
 through and  that the  dismantling of these  great hotels  is now in actual process of completion.
 Several'towers of beds, oceans of  cots, and  fields of blankets that should care for the poor of
 France for manv years to  come!  We are taking inventory  and as  these supplies  are collected
 on one floor of 'the building,  one begins to realize what the purchasing agents of our great Reg-
 ular Army and Red Cross  have really  done."
199 
               FRENCH  PRIEST WRITES REGARD FOR DETROITERS

    To the Editor:   Base Hospital No. 36 left Vittel (Vosges)  Sunday,  February 16.  The unit
had been stationed there  ever since  November, 1917, and  occupied some of the finest hotels and
buildings of that town, renowned all over the world for its waters.   It is  not  the custom of the
French to give laud to men during their lifetime, and some of the Detroiters of Vittel may still
wonder what was the appreciation  of the population.   It will perhaps  be  a consolation to them
to read the accompanying  lines, and they  may  come to  the conclusion that what good they did
here has  not passed unnoticed.
    The  mayor of  the town, the director of  the Society of Waters, Lieutenant Colonel Bour-
gain, commanding the Seventy-seventh heavy  artillery regiment, were among those who keep the
best recollection of the Americans in Vittel and they considered it their  duty to come to the  rail-
road depot to see them off and wish them the best of luck.   Indeed the day was by no  means
sunny  or encouraging for people who would stand and parade  outside, and no  fine  ceremonial
could possibly be arranged, as was the intention of most people, to  accompany Base Hospital No.
36 to  the railroad  platform.  There was very little cheering too.   Everybody felt  this  was  a
parting day, and sadness was deep in every heart.
    About 6. P. M., all men and officers being safely,  if  not  comfortably,  seated in  the  "train
mixte," the French  population waved their farewell to  their American friends and  there was much
gratitude and sincere friendship in that  parting word "Au revoir."
    "Au revoir,"  not good-bye, for Americans are expected  back in France when France  will be
able  to give them better welcome than she was able to do during the sad days of 1917 and 1918.
    "Au revoir," not good bye, for France wishes to  repay  what she owes  to  the  wonderful
good men and  women who came to change  gloomy into glorious days.

    As I was leaving the railroad station, glancing at the dark windows of  the Ceres hotel, so gay
the day before, the  director of the  Society of Waters  remarked,  "Indeed, we must consider our-
selves very fortunate to have known the officers and men  of Base Hospital No. 36.  They were
always so nice, so  obliging, and ever so unassuming.   They were a  nice lot."   I could not say
they were not and I answered that never in my life had I been privileged to  make so many friends.
    Other  people recalled the many services  rendered to the population of the town by the doc-
tors, nurses  and men of Detroit.  I know a  certain little restaurant where  the  women and  girls
have pinned a U. S. army badge on their blouses, fixed up  with the  '36' badge.   And they will
very often  remark,  "How sad Vittel looks since  '36'  has  gone."

    February 22  Lieutenant  Chester  B. Johnson, after arranging some business, left Vittel, and
nobody was left of the unit which  is  so well  remembered here and which  has  made Detroit ap-
pear a  wonderful name to so many Frenchmen, the home town of wonderful, kind, strenuous men.

                                                                  PAUL BONNET.
       Interpreter to Base  Hospital No. 36.
    Vittel,  France.
200 
                                 Letters  from  Vittel
    "Detroit College of Medicine  Base Hospital has  undoubtedly been placed in a location  of
great  opportunity  and we are exceedingly proud to  say that we are in a  position to  care  for
more  American soldiers  in our hospital than any other base hospital in this country, and as that
was the genuine reason for our existence we  feel that the faculty and college  should share with
us in  this great honor."
    Major Burt R. Shurly, in a letter written from headquarters,  Base Hospital No. 36, France,
dated January  6, to his  friend, Dr. J. Henry Carstens, tells about hospital  life "over there." The
above reference to the work being done  by  Detroit's base  hospital  unit,  was included in this
missive, parts of which follow:
    "After  a difficult trip we reached our hospital center far up near the  firing  line, and were
glad to have a chance to sleep in a real bed  once more.   The Detroit College  of  Medicine Base
Hospital is  certainly  making a record for  work.  Sixteen of  our officers already have been away
to the front and Major Walker and myself leave  Thursday, as two representatives  from this unit,
to attend a school of  25 officers given by one of the  most celebrated French  surgeons and held  at
the various  great hospital centers in France.
    "Major Walker  and I made a trip of two weeks  in  our  automobile visiting 12 of  the  Red
Cross Base  Hospitals and many French hospitals.
    "We have five large summer hotels we are trying  to  keep warm  with  700 stoves.   I have
charge  of the  head hospital where eye, ear,  nose, throat,  brain and  oral surgery are cared for
together with an  enormous annex building where, at present, we are taking care of mumps,
measles, cerebrospinal meningitis, trench feet, scarlet  fever, and diphtheria.  We had 300 cases  of
mumps dumped on us in two days, all  of whom have recovered.  We  have cared for over  1,000
patients and returned all but six to duty.  These died from  pneumonia, one appendicitis and one
septicemia.
     "We are  getting in some modern plumbing and preparing  for hard work in the spring.   I
have  150 cases of  bronchitis which has been very prevalent  among  the southern  troops at this
time of year.
     "We have X-ray machines in each of  our  five  hospitals.  Major Barrett has command of the
 Lewis hospital, formerly the Palace hotel, devoted  particularly to  abdominal surgery.   Major
Walker has the Detroit College of Medicine hospital, formerly the Ceres hotel which accommodates
 400 cases of general surgery.  Major Berry has command of the Macomb County  hospital, for-
merely the  Des Sources hotel, where 450  cases can be accommodated along the lines of general
 surgery, orthopedic and genito-urinary diseases, and Captain  McGraw has command of  the Park
hotel of 250 beds where general medical cases are cared for.   As there are three other Red Cross
 hospitals now  located here,  and we have 3,000 in our own service, you readily may see that  we
 are at  the  frontier post in  a place that will accommodate 10,000 sick and  wounded.
     "This  beautiful  summer resort is  much like Monte Carlo.   The  men live in  an  enormous
 casino, where  baccarat was  the chief  amusement.  In this building is  a theater  seating 600 people
 and beautiful  and aesthetic paintings are on the ceilings to  give  a touch of the aesthetic to this
 otherwise crude and lonesome life.
     "There are 10 wonderful springs here and an  enormous  hydrotherapeutic  establishment with
 all the frills of Battle Creek.  We have golf links adjoining the four villas where we live, a race
 course, a farm where we are putting chickens, cows, hogs and sheep;  polo pony park and eight
 tennis  courts in a wonderful  park  surrounding the hospitals.
                                                               BURT R. SHURLY
201 
                                  CHRISTMAS LETTER
                                                     In France  at  Base Hospital No. 36.
                                                                            Nov.  24, 1917.
My Dear P.
    This may not reach you before Christmas.   I trust it will come in time for you to read part
of it as my Christmas message.
    It seems truly wonderful that I am with our unit in the midst of  the great things of the great
war.
    The privilege is great, for the duties, as time proceeds, will be vast.  I can scarcely grasp it
now in all its greatness.   We have been mercifully spared  through the changes and  chances of
our travels from Detroit.  Yet here we are all safe and  set  in a place of great importance and I
think of minimum danger.
    Our hospital when  fully established will be equipped  for 1,000 patients and in splendid build-
ings.   My own personal quarters are far more comfortable than I imagined  them to be. It will
take several weeks to get things in order, and I suppose we shall not have many patients till the
worst  of the short winter is over.  We shall take  care  of American troops  chiefly  and that is
what  I most desire.
    I  am trying to get a grip upon my work but there is still considerable  confusion.  On  our
first Sunday, the day after our arrival, I held a Thanksgiving Service in the little English church
which  has been placed at my disposal for chapel purposes.
    For the present I hold a daily brief service for  nurses and on  Sunday an early  celebration
and a  later service with sermon.  I have my daily visits to the temporary  hospital  where the sick
men of the  unit  are cared for.   Then all censorship of  mails is  under my responsibility.  This
latter is a large and not wholly an agreeable task.  Better facilities for this work will be provided
and it will no doubt become less burdensome.  In our village one sees French and Algerian sol-
diers, crippled and returned from the front for restoration.  The  place  is  otherwise deserted  of
able-bodied men, but there are many lig-fit-hearted boys and girls and many women in mourning
who, despite the great devastation, carry a brave and cheerful  front.   I was  agreeably surprised
shortly after my arrival to have a letter of greeting from Captain, now  Major,  Browne, of our
parish.   It was a suggestion from home to see his personal handwriting and  I hope soon to  see
him.
    I  shall be glad to get all the news you can send me of Christ Church, its people and its work.
There  were some dear  parishioners who were ill when I left.  I pray and trust they are well.  It
will  be strange to celebrate Christmas  so many thousand miles away and in this  war region.
    I  have  never been away from  my parish on that great festival.   I  shall seem to  hear  the
bells ring out and see our people wending their way  to the early service in the freshness of  the
morning of our Lord's  Nativity.   I shall  be  celebrating the feast here but my heart will be there,
full of prayer  for God's blessing  of peace  upon every  soul that worships in the  dear old  par-
ish church on Jefferson Avenue.
    And how desperately the stricken world needs peace from this awful  war. It does not seem
near and it  will never be till the cause our  country has made  her  own shall be  vindicated by a
sound  and complete  victory.  I have full  faith this  will be, because I know that  God  is just.  *
  *  *
                                                                         W. D. Maxon.
Base Hospital No. 36,
    American Expeditionary Forces,
        via  New York.
202 
REAL  BEDS,  MATTRESSES  AND  SHEETS  FOR  OUR  BOYS  IN  HOSPITAL,
                           WRITES MAJ. F. B. WALKER

    From Major Frank B. Walker, M. D., comes  this brief but reassuring letter  about the
care which is being given our boys in the base hospital in France where he is chief surgeon.

  We have had  a large share of American wounded in  this section, but evacuated most of
our patients  several days ago.  This  afternoon  we received another  small  convoy,  which
will busy us again for a few days.

    We  have had patients from all sections in  the states.  Quite a lot  are from  Iowa and
splendid fellows they are.   I saw one Indian  among them  from Dakota.   We  have  not
had any  Negroes in our hospital, but  I have seen  them  elsewhere and know they are dis-
tributed  to several places.

    We  frequently  have  visits from  commanding officers of our patients.  We had two this
afternoon who  wanted to see what  an  American hospital was like  in  France.   Another
major here yesterday told me he wanted to come here if  he  got  sick.  We hear that fre-
quently.   A captain came more than  a hundred miles to see his cook  who was operated on
here.  WTe had  several wounded lieutenants a short time ago.  Their general came  to  see
how they were.   Chaplains often come long distances to look up their boys.

    Our patients sleep on spring beds with real mattresses, white sheets and pillow cases.
They have plenty of blankets and none  of them complains of his food.  Did you  know we
have a  cook from  the D. A. C?

    Our chaplain,  Captain (Dr.)  Maxon,  from Christ church, Detroit, is a splendid fit. He
holds a  service  in  the little Protestant church  Sunday  mornings, in  which all Protestant
denominations  participate,  and  on Sunday evening leads a spiritual service with songs or
other music  in the Y. M. C. A. pavilion, which  is followed by some addresses or  other  en-
tertainment.   He visits  and does  various  acts of kindness for the patients in the hospital,
arranges some  kind  of  musical  entertainment for them  in their wards and conducts one
now and then to his last earthly home.

     The Y.  M.   C.  A. manages to provide some kind of proper  entertainment for soldiers
and nurses each evening—movies,  music, addresses, or something interesting to keep them
out of deviltry  and mischief.   They have a canteen and  a  writing and reading room  and it
is always patronized. Ball and other games are fostered on Sundays as well as other days
and serve a  very useful purpose.  You may be  assured  the army is well cared for here in
every possible  and necessary way.
     The best, or to be modest, as good as the best in all lines  are  here  and doing their
utmost to bring speedy victory.

Vittel, France.
203 
EASTER LETTER
                                              Base Hospital 36, A. E. F., France,
                                                                 February 25, 1918.
My Dear P.
    The fine copy of the revised version came  to  me yesterday, bearing the inscription of
the goodwill  of  Christ  Church choir.   Tell  them  all of my extreme pleasure and gratitude.
The gift I shall always highly prize; and  say  to  them that I expect to use  it constantly at
the church service each Sunday morning in connection with the sermon I  preach  to  my
congregation. I recall  that Mrs. Roe and Miss Rowe were  interested in providing this most
acceptable  gift.  Kindly remember me to them and give them my warmest thanks.
    Our choir at the little church are very hearty in singing the  hymns.  We never attempt
anthems.  It is led by Adrian Jones, formerly organist of St. Columba, and  Miss Hammond
aids with her 'cello.  Enlisted men and  nurses constitute the personnel, twelve in number,
who quite  fill the space set apart.   Our  hymns are inspiringly sung by the congregation,
which now  fills the Church every Sunday morning.
    We  have been keeping the two great patriotic days: Lincoln's and Washington's. Lin-
coln's day was inspiringly celebrated in the recreation room provided by the Red Cross and
given to the Y. M. C. A. for their  work.  Our  Military Band 36 opened with "America."  I
introduced Major  Shurly of 36 and  Maj. Clinton of 23, who spoke briefly but well upon
the great man.  The band played selections.  I  read from Ambassador Jusserand's book
some fine appreciations of  Lincoln by Frenchmen.  The band played "Star Spangled Ban-
ner" and "Marseillaise."  Later during the  concert that followed the patriotic meeting, Nor-
ton Ives, a Detroit boy, helping in Y. M.  C. A.  work, sang in  French, waving the French
flag, the first verse of the Marseillaise,  much  to  the delight of  a French officer, who heart-
ily congratulated  him.   Major  Shurly  presided  and Major  Walker  made a fine address
upon Washington, connecting him  with  the present time.  Judge Pollard of Virginia, who
is in France, speaking at the Y. M. C. A. huts, gave a hig-hly interesting and inspiring  ad-
dress,  and a French  chaplain  spoke upon  the  common ideals of France and America.   I
have hope  these meetings will in a measure tend  to bring us closer to the  French.
    Your work among our  young people is  highly commendable, and I am  sure your meth-
ods are well adapted  to interest and unify them.   When you next  meet the  young people,
please give them my  warmest greetings and tell them that the men at the front are strongly
counting on the  good  will, patriotic zeal and  united service  of the  men  and women  at
home, among whom they surely reckon are  all  loyal young  American Christians.  And give
my greetings also to  the Syrians.  I am  proud  to know we have some Syrian  members of
Christ Church, serving in the  American  Army  the great cause  of  sound civilization  and  a
united,  better humanity.
    I am not looking for the war to end this  year; though if  the American air-craft and
shipping shall sufficiently multiply to prove the promise of  their effectualness, it is possible
the enemy may sue for peace before the next  Christmas bells shall ring.  I wash and pray
that I may celebrate  next Christmas with my parish and with my  family and friends near.
    When this letter reaches  you it will  be  near  Easter  Day  in  the Church.  I  know you
will give my greetings.   I have had messages  from some of  them and they have cheered
me.  Tell them  that  for the work here,  so  pathetic and so stimulating, I  need both sym-
pathy  and  congratulations.   The  opportunity is beyond belief.  I wish I had tenfold more
strength and ability.   The  knowledge of their thought and prayer and  support is  a vast
help to me.   The most interesting and  fruitful field is the hospital ward.   Since December
8th we have had  more than 2,000  American sick  and wounded, and  we are now  getting
French wounded.   Soon when the great drive  comes, the American boys will come  to  our
care in  great numbers.   It is  at the bedside and walking among the convalescents  that  I
have  my keenest  satisfaction.   The  boys are ready with their requests.   Now and then
it is a  New Testament, then "lemon drops,"  "apples," "reading matter,"  and  "smokes."
Often  I can  supply.  Here  is a chap  that wants to  borrow money; another asks that a  let-
ter be written to his  C. O.  for mail or pay.  And so it goes on among men from every part
of the United States.  Now and then I  have to pause by the bedside of one who is passing
on into  the  world of great silence and  breathe  a prayer of  committal to  the  everlasting
204 
arms.  Then comes the day of  burial.   I  pin a small American flag on the left breast and
place a sealed bottle containing  the name,  date of death and cause, etc., with rank and com-
pany in the casket, which is draped with the American flag and bears also a wooden cross,
wdiich is to stand  at the head of the grave. The body is borne to the local cemetery with
pall  bearers and an escort and  a bugler.  The burial service is said and taps sounded; and
the death record is sent to the  Graves  Registration Service. Last Wednesday a young man
of Unit 36 was buried.  The whole personnel came out in tribute of respect.  The band
played a  funeral  march and  the  procession made  its  way  through  the winding narrow
streets,  which were lined with sympathetic French  people.  At the cemetery the personnel
formed  a square  about the  open grave.  The  sun  shone  clear  and  warm.   We felt the
pathetic grandeur  of the  scene.  We thought of the hearts overseas  that soon would bow
in anguish.  But we thanked  God for the  good  examples of those who gave  their lives  for
duty and  their country's cause.   And  so it is going on and will go on more and more sadly
glorious.
     And so I think of the coming  Good  Friday and Easter which you will keep in Christ
Church  and I shall keep in France.  We shall together think of the  sacrifice that forever
takes, away the sin of  the world, and of the new higher life which  rises by sacrifice out  of
death.   Say to the people: Believe  that the sacrifice is eternally worth while; that no true
Resurrection  can  be to individual,  to  Church or  nation  unless men  and  women willingly
die to all things base in order to give life to things true, pure and just.  I pray for them,
all and  each, that  God's eternal Benediction of Peace be with them always.
                                                                   W. D. MAXON.
205 
                        SHURLY'S UNIT HAS GREAT TASK
                     Located in Five  Hotels;  3,000  Patients  Capacity
     "When  the  weather is clear  we  hear  the boom of the great guns," Burt R. Shurly,
chief of  base hospital unit No. 36 in France, writes to Dr. W.  A. Defnet of Detroit.  Dr. Shurly's
headquarters  are located in a former hotel, a  fashionable summering place of France.
     "You have,  no doubt, heard where we are by this time, in a  beautiful watering place
at the foothills of  the mountains about 40 miles from the  firing line," the letter  continues.
"We have five summer  hotels that will accommodate 3,000 patients.   Maj. Barrett  has  one
called the Palace, Major Walker one named  the Ceres and Maj. Berry  has charge  of a hotel
called Des Sources  and which he may name  after Mt. Clemens.
                                    Red Cross Farm
     "This is a wonderful location with mineral springs all about,  golf links of nine holes,
eight tennis courts  and a farm on which we  shall have chickens, cows, sheep  and hogs,  main-
tained by the Red  Cross.  The  Casino,  formerly the greatest baccarat center  next to Monte
Carlo, is the  most beautiful structure and that is where the enlisted men sleep.   The officers are
living in four villas adjoining the golf links.
     "It  is exceedingly cold  here, with a heavy fall of snow at the  present time,  much  like
our winter in  Detroit.   The head  hospital,  named after the Detroit commandery, which is
my particular pride and joy, was  formerly a  large hotel called the Central.  We have room
here for about 700 beds  and at present have about 400 patients.
                                  36 Hours from  Coast
     "We are about 36 hours from the sea  coast  and, as the transportation  is bad,  it often
takes six weeks  for a letter to reach home.  At this head hospital  I have Haughey, Shank-
wiler, Eugene Smith, Gaines,  Van  Rhee, Collins and Weaver, with 26 nurses and 30 enlisted men.
     "Maj. Walker has  charge of  the  general  surgical hospital.  Maj. Barrett has  the Pal-
ace hotel, with  350 beds, and the Park hotel  will  be  under Capt.  McGraw, in  general
charge of medical  cases.
     "It  is now just  two months since we left home and while we  are actually at work this
is certainly  only the beginning of  an  enormous hospital work, as we have 10,000  beds here,
and three other  units have  just arrived in  this vicinity.
     "We expect to work night and day, for  we have every confidence in  the French  and
American soldiers  to keep  us from eating sauer kraut and sausages for  dinner.  Many
of  our officers have  gone  to the  front, where  they have had very wonderful experiences in
observation  in surgery at casualty stations.
                                    Nurses Feel Cold
     "The  Y. M. C.  A.  is coming here and the daughter  of Charles  E.  Hughes will con-
duct a Y. W. C. A. campaign among the nurses who are slowly  freezing  to  death unless
someone from home will  send a large line  of heaters.   The coal  is  very  scarce and  the
stoves  are very  small,  the  weather very  cold and the wind blows continuously.  I never
felt better in my life except when I was on a vacation.
    "This war is a  very great sacrifice and of course we must not complain if  it does  not  end
this summer.  We have no personal  discomforts except for the  extreme  cold.  You  can
tell  our  dear friends in  Detroit that the warm things they gave us are working overtime.
                                    Southerners Suffer
     "We have been lucky as from  the story  of patients the winter is hard on those boys
from Alabama, Florida, Georgia  and Texas.   We have a number  of  cases of rheumatism,
and trench feet from frost bite and infection.   The  British in the  trenches  often stand in
water up to  the waist.  This is an awful country for mud.
     "We are so  glad to be busy and  useful and hope to  get  home at some sudden close
of the war."
                                            206 
                                      Nurse Personnel
                                            *:jfe!                          August 15, 1917.
  From:  The Surgeon General,  U. S. Army.   36.
  To:  The Director General, Military  Relief, American  Red  Cross, Washington, D. C.
  Subject:   Nurse Personnel, Base  Hospital No.  36.

      Referring to Base Hospital No. 36 which is shortly to  be ordered into service, I am directed
  by  the Surgeon General to inform you that as this hospital  will have a one thousand bed capac-
  ity,  a nursing  personnel of  one hundred (100)  will be required.  It is requested that the names
  and credentials of these nurses be sent to this office as soon as it is convenient, as the orders for
  the mobilization of the hospital  have  been requested.
                                                                      J. D. Glennan,
                                                                   Colonel, Medical  Corps.
  Copy of letter for information Major Burt R.  Shurly.
                                                                                       S.G.O.
                                                                                        J-v
  Major B. R. Shurly,
      Base Hospital Number  36,
          Detroit, Mich.                              i
      You  are to retain the nurses  you have enrolled.  We have notified Miss Noyes to this effect
 Johnson.
                                                                             Gorgas.
  Major Burt R. Shurly,  Medical Reserve Corps,
  Commanding Red Cross Base Hospital  No.  36,
  College  of Medicine,  Detroit, Mich.
      The  following received  "quote"  Washington,  D.  C, August twenty,  1917,  Commanding
 General Central Department, Chicago, Illinois, Secretary of War directs that Base Hospital num-
 ber 36,  Detroit College of Medicine,  Detroit Michigan,  be mobilized  and that  you direct Major
 Burt R. Shurly, Medical Reserve Corps  Commanding Hospital  upon  completion of  mobilization
 to await instructions  at Detroit  from Commandant Medical  Officers  Training  Camp Fort Ben-
 jamin Harrison as to date when he shall proceed  to  that  place authorize him upon  receipt of
 such instructions  to proceed  to Fort Benjamin Harrison with his commissioned and enlisted per-
 sonnel to  report to the Commandant Medical Officers Training  Camp for purpose of  equipping
 and training his command.  Personnel of this  hospital consists  of  twenty-three  reserve officers
 two  of  whom are dentists, one  reserve  quartermaster Officer, fifty reserve nurses,  army nurse
 corps, one dietitian, one enlisted man medical department,  one hundred fifty-two enlisted  men med-
 ical  enlisted reserve corps and five civilian employees civilian  employees  under  war department
 regulations in time of war  are entitled  to pay transportation  subsistence quarters, etc.
     Major Shurly will be directed by this office to report to you orders for  his commissioned
 personnel who  are members of Medical Officers Reserve Corps will  be ordered  to active duty by
 this  office you are authorized to order enlisted reserve corps men to  active duty, report names of
 civilian employees to  this office, furnish clothing,  quartermasters  supplies and  ordnance  to  en-
 listed personnel  at mobilization point.   Nurses will  not be mobilized at this  time.  Ship hospital
 equipment  of this organization to Medical Supply  Officer, Medical  Supply Depot, Port of Em-
 barkation Pier  Number 45,  North River, New York City, and advise Commanding General, Port
 of Embarkation, Hoboken,  as to  date of  shipment, weight and cubic capacity.   "McCain quote."
 Can  you mobilize  enlisted personnel Detroit as  service records requested  eighth not received.  Re-
peat by  telegram  to   these  headquarters  any instructions  you  receive  from Adjutant General
Army.
                                                                              HErSTAND.
207 
         RE VEILLE
Published  by  B.  H.  No.  36
          A.  P. O.  732,  A.  E. F.
DEPARTMENTS MERGED
           IN EFFICIENCY DRIVE
Base Hospital 36 Men Head Consolidated
    Bureaus of This  Hospital Center
  Consolidation  has  been  the  watch-
word at A.  P. O. 732 during July.  In
order to obtain a greater  degree  of effi-
ciency  throughout  the  hospital  center,
similar  departments  in  Base  Hospitals
36,  23, 31  and 32 have been  combined.
Thus, the  transportation  departments  of
the  four hospitals are now combined  to
form one  central transportation  depart-
ment.  Similar consolidations have been
effected  in  the quartermaster,  plumbing,
electrical  and  medical   supply   depart-
ments.
  While each  Base  Hospital retains its
identity  and operates as  a separate unit
as  heretofore, employing  its  own  staff
of  physicians,  surgeons,  nurses  and
other personnel,  there is  a marked  im-
provement  in  the manner  in  which  the
machinery  of  the hospital runs,  due  to
the  consolidation  of  related departments.
  Base Hospital  36  has  furnished three
chiefs  under  the  new  system—a  very
liberal  share  of  the new positions  of
authority.   Capt.  A. F. Schons,  former-
ly quartermaster of "36," is now in charge
of the financial end of the quartermaster
department for the  center with the title
of disbursing quartermaster.  Sgt. Harry
George  is  "boss" of the  newly-created
transportation  department and Sgt. Orvin
Havey  is  at the head of the  electrical
department for the four units.
ORPHAN  KIDDIES SEND
          LOVE TO BENEFACTORS
War  Waifs Adopted by  "36"  Full  of
  Gratitude  Toward  Their  American
               "Parents"
  Our "children" are getting along fine.
Of  course  you haven't  forgotten  that
Base Hospital  36 has a "family"  of three
little  French  children who were  robbed
of all they had in the world  by  the
kaiser's devils.  They  are  three  of  the
finest tots in  France and  we  are proud
of them.
  The little ones who were adopted by
"36"  under  the plan  offered  by  the
"Stars and  Stripes," in conjunction  with
the Red Cross, have written  their thanks
and sent their love to their new "parents'"
from across the sea.  The Red Cross has
sent  pictures of all  three children and if
the camera has reproduced _ them at all
faithfully "36" is sure there isn't  a better
looking "family" anywhere.
  Two little girls and one little boy com-
prise our "family.''  Josephine Jego, who
is not  quite three years  old, is the ward
of Hospital B  and her grandmother, with
whom  she lives, has written  for  her, ex-
pressing her gratitude.   Huguette Pasr.a-
bois, age six, was adopted by the nurses
and she has written her  childish titanks
to her new protectors.   Our boy, Aubin
Robert, is six years  old too, and is learn-
ing to write  as fast as he  can so he
can tell the officers and men how much
he _ thinks  of   his  benefactors.   Mean-
while,  his  mother and brother are writ-
ing for him and their  letters leave no
room  for  doubt as  to  the  sincerity  of
their thanks.
  Hey!  Mr.  Hoover!   We  haven't  had
a "baconless  day"  for ages.
  Our  idea  of the  hardest job  in  the
war:  Serving Uncle Sam  as  an M. P.
in Nice.
  The  only  Sam  Browne  belts  being
worn  in  the  U. S.  now, it seems,  are
those  in  the  magazine pictures.
  There are some  things worse than be-
ing in the  army.    Think  of  the  poor
slacker at home waiting in agony for the
hour when his number  is called up.
  Many Americans  in  France are now
able to speak the language of the natives
fluently.  They are  handicapped, however,
by  the  fact  that  the  Frenchmen can't
understand them.
  After the war is won, we're going _ to
take  all the  money  we've  been sending
home  via  the allotment  route  and set it
aside for  an ice-cream and chocolate soda
fund.   Do we hear  a second?
  There  was  a  time when  we thought
that "Sunny France" was a  case  of mis-
taken  identity, but we're ready to admit
our error after having  worn  an O.  D.
blouse  throughout  the  month  of  July.
  That famous Russian  "offensive to the
rear"  a couple of years ago was  a won-
der in  its day, but it must  take  a  back
seat for Crown Prince Willie's "back to
Berlin" movement  now  in  progress.
  After  having  been  to Aix-les-Bains,
some of the boys say the only difference
they can notice between the Maries  and
Suzannes  in  France  and the Marys  and
Susans back  home is about 5,000 miles.

    NEW ALLOTMENT SYSTEM
  The  army  allotment  system  has  been
shorn of  a  considerable portion  of  its
long and  shaggy coat of red tape.  This
laudable  stroke was  accomplished within
the past   month  by  means  of an order
from  GHQ.  and henceforth  the matter
of allotments  will be greatly simplified—
for the record offices at least.
  The  outstanding  feature  of the  new
system is  that all allotments not carrying
government allowance  and  made  out on
Form 1-B, are cancelled as of June 30.
If a soldier  wishes  to  continue sending
a portion  of  his sous and centimes back
home  to his fond parents or his best girl
or someone  like that,  it is  necessary to
make  reapplication.


        A REAL  REST CAMP
  Those   long-anticipated,  much-delayed
furloughs  were  obtainable  during July.
The reporter  knows  this to be  a fact be-
cause  he interviewed a  number of those
who were said to have obtained  leaves
and without exception they  said they  had
been away and had  had one whale of a
time.
  Parties  of  "permissionaires"  were  sent
to the Amexforce  playground  at Aix-les-
Bains in  the beautiful Savoy  district of
France.   Leaves are for seven days, which
means  seven  days at  Aix-les-Bains  ex-
clusive of the time  consumed  in travel-
ing.
  These who  have  not yet been away are
anxiously  waiting for their  turns, for the
boys all say that the only song they can
think  of at Aix is  "This is the Life."
208 
    TWO RECEIVE COMMISSIONS
   Commissions have been received by two
 more of the enlisted  personnel  of  B.  H.
 36.  Sergeant  C. F.  Brown and  Private
 R. F. Carpenter  now  wear leather puttees
 and Sam Browne belts; the former hav-
 ing been commissioned first lieutenant  in
 the Sanitary Corps and has been assigned
 as  assistant to the Mess Officer, and the
 latter as  second  lieutenant  in the  Q.  M.
 corps and  has reported to headquarters
 for duty.


   THE CHAPLAIN'S  FAREWELL
   The Chaplain of Base  Hospital No. 36,
 after nearly one  year's  intimate connec-
 tion  with  the  unit  (since  mobilization
 August 23, 1917) expects  soon  to  return
 to  the   United  States where  he  hopes
 still to  serve  B. H.  36 and  the Great
 Cause.   He has  had  a wonderful experi-
 ence and can  not sufficiently  express his
 gratitude for the opportunity  opened  to
 him by Lt.-Col.  Shurly who early invited
 him to  serve as  chaplain.
   To Col. Shurly, to  Col. Phillips  and  to
 all the  officers,  enlisted men  and  nurses
 of  36 he returns hearty thanks for their
 good-will.   He  wishes  he  might  have
 served  them   all more  effectually.  He
 prays that  God's blessing  will  continual-
 ly  rest  upon Unit 36 and  all its  person-
 nel and  that  every  member  of  it, en-
 gaged in the  common work  of winning
 the war,  will return  in safety  and honor
 to  the  great  and   beloved  country   to
 whose  cause  of  human justice  and lib-
 erty each  has  contributed  a true service.
   Men  and women  of  36!   Remember
 the great  year,  A.   D.  1918.   May  its
 memories sanctify  your  lives  forever!
          W. D.  MAXON,
                 B.  H. 36, July 29, 1918.

      THE GLORIOUS FOURTH
   Remember  when   the circus  came   to
 town back in Les Etats-Unis?   The coun-
 try folk  all  came  in  and watched the
 parade  and blocked  traffic.   Something
 like that happened  here on the Glorious
 Fourth—only there isn't much  traffic  to
 block.   However,  the town was  full  of
 visitors  from  the surrounding  hamlets—
 and all  here  to  help  celebrate  Uncle
 Sammy's birthday.

      TRANSFERRED TO S. C.
   Pvt.  Fred   C.  Magnan  has  left for
 parts  the  censor  won't  reveal,  having
 been transferred  to  the ---  Telegraph
 battalion, where  he  will have  an oppor-
 tunity to serve  Uncle Sam in  work for
 which he is especially equipped.

             CHRONICLE
  June  27.  Dining room of Hospital  B,
 Judge Galloway  of  Columbus  gives ad-
 dress on "High   Points in French His-
 tory."
  July  2.  Informal  Conference: "Relig-
 ion and the Soldier."
  July  4.   Parade by Units 36 and 23,
 including  convalescent  patients, led by
 Post Band.  Addresses by  Lt.-Col. Shur-
 ly,   Chaplain   Feeney,  Captain  Russell,
 Secretary Houghton,  Captain  Gazet,  Dr.
 Bouloumie  and  Chaplain  Maxon.   The
 Mayor  of  the  town  read  his  proclama-
 tion calling French inhabitants  to  honor
 the day.
  July 7.   In dining  room of Hospital B,
 address  by  the Rev.  Mr. Mounteney, Y.
 M. C.  A.  worker  at Baccarat, a con-
 valescent, on  "What  is Your  Life."
  July  9.   "Religion  and  the  Soldier."
 Informal  conference  in dining  room  of
Hospital B.  Fifty soldiers present.  Sev-
eral personal testimonies.
  July 10.   Dining room of Ceres address
by  Rev. Dr. Mead of Denver enthusiastic-
ally received.   History and side-splitting
stories.
   July 14.   French National Day, Amer-
 icans  participate.  Impressive ceremonies
 in Town Hall and cemetery.   Diplomas
 given  to relatives of dead  soldiers.  Dec-
 orating  graves of French,  British, Amer-
 ican.

   July 16.   Informal  conference:  "Relig-
 ion and the Soldier."
   July  19.  Ceres  dining  room.   Mrs.
 Elizabeth   Parks  Hutchinson,  of  New
 York, and  Dr. Coffin, professor of Prac-
 tical Theology in Union Theological Sem-
 inary,  New York.   High mark  concert
 singing,  and   address  upon  "Spiritual
 Ideal  and  Power."
   July  21.  500  American  and  French
 patients are received.  Good news brought
 by  Allies'  successes  on  Western front.
 Evening in  Ceres dining  room  Rev.  Dr.
 Kilbourn's  address: "Justice, Mercy  and
 Reverence.''
   July  28.  First  open-air  service,  in
 front of Hospital B, for patients and per-
 sonnel.   Familiar  hymns.   Cello  played
 by  Miss Hammond;  Pvt.  Gilbert, solo;
 address  by  Rev. Dr. Kilbourn,  Y.  M.
 C.  A. worker.   Portable  organ  played
 by  Pvt. Jones.  Chaplain  presiding.

  RED  CROSS TO OPEN CANTEEN
   The  American Red  Cross has taken
 over the canteen work which has been
 conducted  here  for several  months  by
 the Y. M.  C.  A. and the  workers of the
 latter  organization  at this station have
 said "au revoir."   The Red  Cross can-
 teen is to  be  opened soon in their new
 hut.

    EVEN  BREAK IN BASEBALL
   Base Hospital 36 split even with base-
 ball adversaries  since the last  issue  of
 the Reveille.   Out of  four  games  played,
 our team won two, losing  the others by
 close scores.
   Base Hospital 23 won  the Fourth  of
 July  game,  2  to 1, and  Base  Hospital
 31 won the game  played  July  14th  by
 the score of 6 to 3.  Co. B,—st Engineers
 met defeat  at the hands of "36" on July
 4th, the score  being 5 to 3.  Co. F, —st
 Infantry lost to us on July 7th, the score
 was 7 to 3.

         C'EST  LA  GUERRE

 Capt. Smith says "give the boys plenty"—
   A most generous  spirit,  it  seems.
 Sometimes  he  refers to "Brown  Betty,"
   And  sometimes  he  means plenty   of
       beans.

 Those  big black beans  are delicious;
   In themselves  they're a  banquet com-
       plete.
 And besides they're highly  nutritious.
   So give  the  boys all  they  can eat.

        BE  CAREFUL "JAWN"

   "Jawn"  Cleary,  the young man who
 bounded into  the  limelight  in  our last
 number  with  his painless  surgery, has
 scored  another success  in  the scientific
 realm.   This time he leaps to fame with
 a  filmless camera.
   The  secret of  "Jawn's" wide acquaint-
 anceship  among  mademoiselles  of  this
 section is now  revealed.  Scores  of Mar-
 guerites  and Madelaines have posed  be-
 fore the  filmless camera, it  is declared on
 good authority,  and are now anxiously
 waiting for  the pictures.  "Jawn" hopes
 that the present allied  effort will  finish
 the war  so  that  he  can embark  for  the
 Etats-Unis  before the riot  starts.
   Since returning from a couple of  weeks'
 "furlough"  with  a hospital  team  at the
 front, "Kewpie" Williams has been show-
ing all  his  friends  how  to  go "over the
top.''  His  most interested audience  re-
cently  was  "Pete"  Peters   and  "Ronny"
Gilbert. 
         HERE AND THERE
  Ringside fans were royally  entertained
 the evening of  July 27th when a  number
 of  boxing bouts  between convalescents
 and members  of the hospital personnel
 were  staged  in the  park.   The enter-
 tainment was arranged wholly by patients.
  Sgt. "Barney" Barnett is mourning the
 loss of most  of  his  carefully-cultivated,
 French grown moustache.  Barney doesn't
 know just where he lost it, having missed
 it for the first time upon arousing from
 slumber.
  Through transfer to the Q.  M corps
 during the month  of July, B.  H.  36 has
 lost Sgt.  Kennedy,  and  Pvts. Roberge
 and Ray  Lyons.   They are stationed at
 this center.
  Sgt.  "Tony"  Helfenstein  has  been
 transferred from  "36" to  Medical  Sup-
 ply Depot No.  3.  Our  loss is "Tony's"
 gain because he's  near  enough to Paris
 to get a  peek at the big  town now and
 then.

  "Deacon" Holmes is  making a name
 tor  himself in prohibition  circles through
 his  efforts to put down  strong drink.
        We like the guy—
          You  like him  too—
        Who never was known
          To say "beaucoup."

 ci?.f rt.GMr,?ux  -and  Jack  Conway  had
some  thrilling times and narrow escapes
while  away  on leave.  They report  the
fr*~A    R01?5 made  eyes at  them and
acted  real bold.
    BASE HOSPITAL 36 GROWS
  Twenty-five  men  have been  added  to
36   OLfl personnel  °f  Base Hospita"
od.   Uur new  associates soon  became  a*
much apart of  Unit 36 as if theT had
been  „lth  the     fi         the  start
E*f Edition of 25 men  we  hlnd^e
  efemat amount of  work in the hospitals
m a  more  capable  manner.   Their »r
rival  relieved  an ever-increasing  strafn!
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES.

   Blue  Envelope  Authorized by
   Paragraph 10,  G. 0. No. 13.

 Must not be used tor money or valu-
ables.  Cannot be registered.  Not to
be censored regimentally but liable to
censorship at the base.
 I certily that the  enclosed letter or
letters refer to personal or tamily mat-
ters only, and that they contain no
reference to military or other matters
forbidden by censorship regulations.

(Name) ................................................

Rank...................................................

Countersigned....................................



Rank.....................................................

H. C. 116
SOLDIER'S   LETTER.
More than one letter may be sent  in this  envelope. In
this case, it should be addressed, "Base Censor."
Address only.
Greanleaf
Pugh
Sorenson
Kenney
                 BASE BALL  GAME  TODAY

                           Leans  vs.  Fats

                          of Hospital "D"

To  Be  Played  Friday  Evening at  5:45 on  Shurly  Field

                                Line-up

                                            LEANS
FATS
     Burgwin
L. F.Williams
   P.Medcalfe
   C.Wood
S. S.Goodrich
  1st
  2nd Peters
  3rdMroch
R. F. Smart
C. F.Dougherty
     Tanner
S. S.McQueen
R. F. Klingman
   P.Wilkins
   C.Norton
  1st
  3rd
  2nd
C. F.
L. F.
                This Will be a Seven Inning Game—We Hope.

Admission  Free                                 Grandstand  Seats  for  Ladies

               A  LARGE  SIDE  BET IS  ON  THIS  GAME!

                                  —1000  Centimes.
210 
REPUBLIQUE FRANCAIS
Ville de  Nancy
 To our Allies of the United States

  The  inhabitants  of Nancy,
gratetul tor your  generous  as-
sistance, and confident in the
triumph of Justice and Right
over  Barbarism,  unite with
you  most  heartily  today in
celebrating the  Anniversary
ot American  Independence.
Hurrah for the United States of America!
#•»*«
    A  nos Allies des Etats-Unis

    Les  habitants de Nancy,
confiants dans votre  genereux
appui  pour assurer  contre  la
barbarie dechainee le triomphe
de la  justice et du droit,  cele-
brent  de tout coeur avec vous
la Fete commemorative  de
l'lndependance des Etats-Unis.
  Vivent les Etats-Cnis d'Amerique!
Nancy, le 4 Juillet 1918
     Le Maire,
 G. SIMON. 
        "THE REVIEW"
TIME—From:  Any Old Time After
  Sunset.
PLACE—To: Villa St. Marie.
SUBJECT:
  Gaby Deslys will give a  Select
    Selection.
  Costumes by  Captain  Randall.
     Scenery by Major Berry.
  Annette Kellerman in a Swimming
    Exhibition.
Will also demonstrate Major Shur-
        ly's life-saving suit.
SHORT TALKS:
  "Why is a Quartermaster?"
    By Capt. Hickey, Capt.  Schons
      and  the New Quartermaster.
  "Explaining  the  Evils of  Intem-
    perance."
         By  Major Getty.
  "The  Purposes  of  the  Purity
    League."
        By Major  Clinton.
SONG SELECTION:
  "Always Keep  Your  Heels  To-
    gether."
  Majors  Barrett, Shurly, Walker,
             Fairbairn.
      Chorus  by the Cascarets.
DEMONSTRATION:
  "How to Open  a Keg According
    to the Manual."
    Majors Rukke and Phillips.
BENEDICTINE—
  Capt. Brown assisted by the Red
               Cross.
N.  B.—
  Major Russell will talk to himself.
  Major McGraw is unavoidably de-
    tained at his Dance Hall.
Representing  Departments  and
  Hospitals  of Base Hospital
            No. 36
  BASEBALL SCHEDULE

        FIRST WEEK
Central vs. Q. M...Mon., May 6
Hdqrs. vs. Pare...Wed., May 8
Sources vs. Ceres. .Fri., May 10

       SECOND  WEEK
Palace vs. Sources.Mon., May 13
Central vs. Hdqrs. Wed., May 15
Q. M. vs. Pare.....Fri., May 17

       THIRD WEEK
Pare. vs.  Central.Mon., May 20
Q. M. vs. Hdqrs..Wed., May 22
Ceres vs.  Palace.. .Fri., May 24

       FOURTH  WEEK
Sources vs. Central......
     .............Mon., May 27
Q. M. vs.  Ceres..Wed., May 29
Hdqrs. vs. Palace. .Fri., May 31

        FIFTH WEEK
Q. M. vs. Palace...Mon., June 3
Central vs. Ceres..Wed., June 5
Pare vs.  Sources... .Fri., June 7

        SIXTH WEEK
Ceres vs.  Pare___Mon., June 10
Sources vs. Hdqrs.Wed., June 12
Central vs. Palace.. Fri., June 14

      SEVENTH WEEK
Ceres vs.  Hdqrs.. .Mon., June 17
Pare vs.  Palace.. .Wed., June 19
Q. M. vs. Sources. .Fri., June 21
By the Combined  Units:  Base Hospital 36,
Base  Hospital 23, G. R. S. Unit 304 and De-
    tached Organizations  at  this Center.

          PROGRAM, JULY 4th

MORNING—
  9:00.  Units   form  in   parade  on   Parade
        Ground  and  march  via  prescribed
        route to Grand Stand, opposite Gal-
        leries, where detachments will  be dis-
        missed.
  9:30.  Patriotic Services  (Grand  Stand).
        Invocation ..........Chaplain  Maxon
        Selection:  "Stars and Stripes"
             ......................Post Band
        Address: Introductory........
             ................Chaplain  Maxon
        Address ..........Lieut.-Col.  Shurly
        Selection:  "National Em-
             blem"  ...............Post Band
        Address ............Chaplain Feeney
        Address .............Captain Russell
        Selection.  "New  Colonial.....
             ......................Post Band
        Address........Rev.  E. J. Houghton
        Address ..............Captain Gazet
        National Anthems ........Post Band
             Marseillaise,  America, God  Save
             the  King,  Star-Spangled Banner.
        Doxology ...........Sung in Unison

AFTERNOON—
  1:30.  Baseball Game.B. H.  36 vs. B. H. 23
  3:30.  Baseball Game................
         ........B. H. 36 vs. Co. B, 23 Engrs.
  Open House  Afternoon  and Evening at
        Officers' Club.

EVENING—
  Entertainment  in  the  Casino Theater  for
        Hospital Personnel.
		
	ON ACTIVE SERVICE Officers' Medical Society Representing Base Hospitals in France Nos. 36, 23; 31.32 SATURDAY FEBRUARY 16. 1916 HOSPITAL "A"	
		
  Meeting Called to Order at 7:30 P. M.
    ADDRESS OF WELCOME
Major Hiram A. Philips, Com. B. H. No. 36
   PRESENTATION OF CASES
      Clinical Staff B. H. No. 36
    MY TRIP TO THE FRONT
Major A. E.SIanser, M.R.C.Com. B. H. 31

    DANGERS OF THE FRONT
  Captain J. P. Brennan, B. H. No. 23

MY VISIT TO THE BRITISH FRONT
Captain George Fay, M.R.C., B. H. No. 36

         HEAD INJURIES
   Major J. F. Fairbain, B. H. No. 23

     GENERAL DISCUSSION
         REFRESHMENTS
Xmas
                          MENU
                        Oyster Soup
Roast Pork with Dressing
Green Peas
Endive Salad
Coffee
1918
   Assorted  Cakes
    Pumpkin Pie
     Apple  Pie
        Tea
Cigarettes and Candy
      MUSIC
   Apple Sauce
 Brown  Potatoes
French  Dressing
Milk
1.   Medley
2.   Havanola
3.   Mighty Like a Rose
4.   Underneath the Stars
5.   For Me and My Gal
6.   Medley of Popular Songs
7.   I  Lost  My  Heart in Honululu
 i.   Star  Spangled  Banner
212 
FIRE!      FIRE!      FIRE!
Every Precaution Must be Taken To Prevent a Fire From Starting
       In This Hospital  As There  Is Very Limited Means
                 Of Preventing Total Destruction.

    Locate  means of exit, ascertain the windows that the rope ladder passes,
locate fire pails and fire grenades for the extinguishing of fire.

    THE GENERAL ALARM FOR AIR RAIDS AND  FIRE
          WILL BE THE INTERMITTENT BLOWING
               OF THE  SERGEANTS WHISTLE.

When leaving the  building walk, do not  run, be  calm, do not cause excitement.

    Physically fit convalescents will assist in removing  bed patients under the
direction of officers and personnel.

    In case of an AIR RAID everybody will remain on first floor and in base-
ment unless otherwise instructed.

    In case of FIRE leave the building by nearest exit, assemble in the park ad-
joining the hospital and there remain until ordered to return to the hospital.
FIRE!      FIRE!      FIRE!
213 
Roster  of  Officers
Adams, Ross U.  Ross and Grace are living happily at 419 So. Burdick St., Kalamazoo.
Barrett, Channing W.  The  former proprietor of the  Palace  (sounds like a fight  club) is
    practicing in the Marshall Field Annex Bldg., Chicago.
Berry, Henry  G.   In  Army circles "The  Old Man."   However, he is as young as ever and is
    working hard at Mt. Clemens, Mich.
Brown, Chas.  F.   Charlie could not  resist the temptation to return to France.   He can be
    reached at  the Guaranty Trust Co. in Paris.  From "Missing" to "Banking" is a pretty big
    jump.
Burstein, Louis L.  Looie's whereabouts are unknown.
Carpenter, Rolla.   Can be reached at 33 Hazelwood Ave.
Clift, Myron  William.  Flint became too  slow for Bill, so Detroit boasts  of another valuable
    X Ray specialist.   He is X  Raying in the Shurly Bldg.
Collins, Ward E.  No one sees much of  Dad.  Kalamazoo seems to claim all of his time.
Downer, Ira G.  Ira has been  married  and  is a proud father since his return from France.  His
    office is 2201 E. Jefferson Ave.
East, Bion R.   When By wasn't smashing baggage and  moving equipment he did some  Oral
    Surgery.  His main duty seemed  to be  General Manager of the Bull Gang.  He'd be glad
    to see  anyone in his office  in the  Fine Arts Bldg.  Miss  McCaw is his able assistant.
Ely,  Leonard  W.  Pop  Ely has not been heard from.
Erskine, Howard M.  He was Adjutant,  but that  should be nothing against him  now. When
    in New York, see him at 115 Broadway.
Fay,  George E.  George is  now on the third floor of  the Professional Bldg.,  Peterboro  and
    Woodward.
Fay,  Scott S.   Last address, Miami,  Florida.
Fitch, Ferris  H.  Ted did not stay with  us long after he received his commission.  He is mar-
    ried and is  practicing law at 826 Dime  Bank Bldg.
Font, Anthony J.   Tony  has  brought his family from France and  is practicing at 6482 Chene
    Street, Detroit.
Gaines, Claude B.  Claude is  practicing with Dr  Shurly.  He married  Signe  and has three
    children.
George, Harry.  Harry is with Dodge  Bros, and can be  reached there  any  day.
Harris, Albert E.   Al is  practicing at the corner of  Kercheval and Van  Dyke  and  you can
    see him  any noon  at the Army and Navy Club.
Haughey,  Wilfred.  The  Judge returned to his pre-war profession of Medicine and can be
    located at 40 Poplar  Street, Battle Creek.
Hosmer, Harry  L.  The  Fire  Chief and Base Ball Manager is practicing Orthodontia in the
    Stroh  Bldg., but most any  sunny  day you'll find him at the Bloomfield Hills Country Club,
    practicing  "Golfodontia"—(straightening his shot).
Jelks, Edward.  Whereabouts  unknown.
Johnson, Chester  B.  Chet is  "farming"  at Mt. Hood, Oregon, trying to forget  Mrs. Harris'
    requests for wood and coal.
Maxon, W.  D. Our former Chaplain can be seen at 936 E. Jefferson Ave.
McArthur,  Arthur.  Irving McArthur's son has been practicing in Flint  for some time  and,
    strange to  say,  he is married. You can reach him at 401 F. P. Smith Bldg.,  Flint.
214 
McGraw, Theodore A.   "Terrible Ted," as he was called "soto voce,"  has been to Vittel for
    a lengthy stay and reports very few empty beds in the "Pare."  He also noted the absence
    of stoves.  Col.  McGraw's office  is in the  Shurly  Bldg.
Matthews, James D.  Uncle Jim is practicing on the ninth floor, David Whitney Bldg.
Metcalfe, Carlton R.  Address  is unknown.
Randall, Herbert E.  Herb  is busy in Flint keeping Irving  McArthur's son on the straight and
    narrow.  His office is also in the  F. P. Smith Bldg.
Raynale, George P.  "Pat"  still has trouble  with his "dogs," but keeps busy in Birmingham
    and vicinity.
Russell, Carlton.  Garretson Hospital, Philadelphia,  Pa.
Sackrider, George P.  George is  always glad to see any of the outfit, so if you are in Owosso,
    don't fail to give him a call.
Scrafford, Royston E.  "Scraff," they say, is the best surgeon in Bay City—the other one is
    away a good part of the time.  His golf game is not so good as it used to  be.  He's getting
    older.
Shankwiler, Reed  A.  "Faro  Shank."  He found that  the wheel could not  be beaten  either
    by banker or player—he  tried both.   You can sympathize with  him in the Shurly  Bldg.
    any day.
Shurly, Burt R.  The C. O. keeps on the job in the Shurly Bldg.  His offices are a hot bed
    of former "thirty-sixes."'
Sill, Joseph.  Last heard of at Pasadena, Calif.
Smith, Arthur B.  "A.  B." is  now specializing in X Ray at 10509 Euclid  Ave., Cleveland,
    Ohio.
Smith, Eugene, Jr.  Gene has taken up golf  as a side line.   We've heard he is  not very  good,
    but he won't admit it.  His office is 312 Professional Bldg., Detroit.
Stafford, Leo J.  Leo can be reached at Adrian,  Mich.
Stone, Fred  Lee.   "Stoney"  is in Chicago—25 E. Washington St.,  keeping  his eye on Jack
    Sweeney.
Andrew Schons.  "Andy" is still in the army, but not on the "Archipelago" of France.
Sweeney, John Valentine.  All right, Jack.   We won't say anything that your wife can take
    offense at, but we can say that old Jack was about  the  most popular bird  in the outfit.
    How's that? Jack  can be reached at 1064 Insurance Exchange Bdg., Chicago, 111.
Van Rhee, George.  "Van" was a good boy.  He spent all his evenings in his room either read-
    ing or writing  to his  wife.   He  admits  it.  We hope Buckie reads this.  Van's office is 312
    Professional Bldg.
Walker, Frank B.   The  "keeper" of the Ceres, one of the most beloved men in 36.  His office
    is in the  David Whitney Bldg.
Warren, Arthur J.  "Artur" used  to get terribly homesick, but except for the  Captain of the
    Orduna,  who kept the ship in the trough of the waves, he liked and was liked by everyone.
    He keeps Dr. Berry company in  Mt. Clemens.
Weaver,  Clarence E.  "Buck" is taking X Ray pictures in  the David Whitney Bldg.   He and
    Stroupe are happily  residing at  8559 Quincy Ave.
Woolston, Wm. H.  Bill  is practicing his profession  at Albuquerque, New Mexico.  He and
    the former Alice Gilmore  have taken the town by storm.
215 
                                Roster of  Nurses
    Upon receipt of your telegram of August 15th I consulted at once with Colonel Glennan and
was informed by him that Base Hospital No. 36 is to have a thousand bed capacity and would
therefore require a nurse personnel of one hundred.  This information was  then  sent to Miss
Noyes.
    I do not think there will be  any  further difficulty in regard to the matter.
                                            Yours very sincerely,
                                                            Dora E. Thompson,
                                                   Superintendent, Army Nurse Corps.
Mrs. Betsey L. Harris,  Chief Nurse, born Concord, N.  H., grad. New  York  Infirmary  for
    Women and Children, New York.  One year  student  at Teachers'  College, New York,
    in Dept. Nursing  and  Health.  Supt.  Sunshine  San., Brooklyn,  N. Y.   Supt. Nurses'
    Methodist  Hospital, Brooklyn, N.  Y.   Instructor  Harper Hospital,  Detroit,  ,Mich.
    Supt. Children's Free Hospital, Detroit, Mich. Now at 14 Cushing Ave., Nashua, N. H.
Miss Jennie Abramson,  born Calumet, Mich., of Swedish descent.  Graduate  Copper Range
    Hospital,  six  months  P.  G. course at  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, Baltimore,  Md.   Surg.
    Nurse C. R. Hospital 6 months.  Supt.  C.  R. Hospital, 5  years, 9 months.   Address
    Copper Range Hospital, Trimountan, Mich.
Miss Maude Arkell, born St. Thomas, Ont.  English parentage.   Graduate Harper Hospital,
    Detroit,  Mich.  Private duty since graduation.  Address 3919 John  R St., Detroit.
Miss  Emma  A. Arnold, born Michigan.  Graduate Bronson Hospital, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Miss Marie M.  Bach, born  Pittsburgh, Pa.   German and American parentage.  Graduate Sub-
    urban General Hospital, New York.   Private duty and  Public  Health nursing, Califor-
    nia.
Miss Eva G. Babcock, born Nova Scotia.  Graduate  Grace Hospital,  Detroit.   Address  un-
    known.
Miss Aurel Baker, born Eagle, Wis.  American  and English parentage.  Graduate  Illinois
    T. S. Cook Co. Hospital, Chicago,  111.   Surg. Nurse De Kalb City Hospital,  De Kalb,
    111.  Resident nurse at 111. T. S.  Red  Cross  nurse at Dayton,  O.,  during flood.  With
    Red Cross Unit in Russia  in 1914.  Married name Mrs. Purdee, Eagle, Wis.
Miss Minnie V. Black, born Saginaw, Mich.  Canadian and English parentage.   Graduate Har-
    per  Hospital, Detroit, Mich.   Institutional  work Detroit  E.  E.  N.  and  T.  Hospital,
    Detroit.  Address  57  Alexandrine Ave.,  E., Detroit.
Miss Eva G. Blackwell,  born Orillia, Ont.  Canadian parentage.   Graduate  Harper  Hospital,
    Detroit, Mich. Private duty nurse.  Address 43 Ravenscroff Drive, Asheville, N. C.
Miss  Kathryn  E.  Burns, born  South Frankfort,  Mich.,  of  Irish and  Canadian parentage.
    Graduate Harper Hospital,  Detroit, Mich.  Private duty nurse.  Head nurse at Harper
    Hospital.  With Dr. McKean, David  Whitney  Bldg.  Office Assistant.
Mrs.  Frances  Boulton,  born Petrolea, Can.,  of Irish and Canadian parentage.  Graduate To-
    ledo Hospital. T.  S.  Toledo, Ohio.   Private duty and  ward work in Flower Hospital,
    Toledo.  Address 4215 Burnham Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
Miss  Frances I. Caldwell, born Menominee, Mich. Canadian parentage.  Graduate Illinois
    T. S. Cook Co. Hospital, Chicago,  111.  Supervisor City and County Hospital, St. Paul,
    Minn.  Supervisor  Glenville Hospital, Cleveland,  Ohio.  Head Nurse  Cook  Co.  Hos-
    pital, Chicago, 111.   Head Nurse Angina Copper Company's Hospital, Arizona.   Pub-
    lic work in Illinois.  Address unknown.
Miss Edith  E.  Campbell, born Middleville, Mich.   American parentage.  Graduate Bronson
    Hospital, Kalamazoo, Mich.  Institutional and private nursing.  Married.
Miss  Nellie M. Cavan,  born Thurso, Can.  Irish and Canadian parentage. Graduate Mercy
    Hospital T. S., Bay City, Mich.  Private duty nurse. Address 67 Alexandrine Ave., E.,
    Detroit.
                                           216 
Miss  Florence  G. Cornes, born  Cheshire, England, of  English  parentage.  Naturalized cit-
    izen of U.  S.  Graduate Methodist Episcopal Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.   Night Super-
    visor M. E.  Hospital, Brooklyn,  N. Y.  Operating Room Supervisor Harper Hospital,
    Detroit,  Mich.  Now Mrs.  Edward Tucker.  Address 730 W. Euclid Ave., Detroit.
Miss Alice Evelyn Cooper,  born Leicestershire, Eng., of English parentage.  Graduate Har-
    per Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Private  duty and Superintendent Detroit E. E. N. and T.
    Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Now in charge of  Shurly Out Patient Dept., 62 Adams Ave.,
    W.,  Detroit.
Miss  Ethel F.  Cotter, born  Corning,  Ohio, of Irish and  Virginian parentage.   Graduate
    Grant  Hospital,  Columbus, Ohio.   Operating Room  Supervisor  Grant Hospital,  Col-
    umbus, Ohio.  Operating Room  Supervisor Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich. Now
    Mrs. Thomas Peters, Columbus,  Ohio.
Miss  Florence  N. Crane, born  Toronto, Can., of Canadian parentage.   Graduate  Harper
    Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Private duty nurse now in  Belgian Congo as missionary.
Miss  Grace M. Daly, born  Indiana, of  Kentuckian parentage.   Graduate Nichols  Memorial
    Hospital, Battle Creek, Mich.  Now Mrs. R. U. Adams.
Miss  Ethel H. Davidson, born  Belleville,  Can.,  of  Canadian parentage.  Graduate Brock-
    ville General Hospital, Brockville, Ont.  Private and institutional work.  Address Lans-
    ing, Mich.
Miss  Lillian  Dent, born Thurso, Can., of English and Canadian  parentage.  Graduate Grace
    Hospital T.  S., Detroit, Mich.  Public Health and private duty nursing.  Married name
    and  address  unknown.
Miss  Frances L.  Deyell,  born Bobcaygeon, Ont., of  Canadian parentage.  Graduate Carbon-
    dale Emergency  Hospital,  Carbondale, Pa.   Supervisor of ward  and Convalescent Home
    of Children's Free Hospital, Detroit, Mich.   Public  Health Nursing, Detroit, Mich.
    Address 4815 Commonwealth Ave., Detroit.
Miss Josephine Deyell, born Bobcaygen, Ont., of  Canadian parentage.  Graduate Carbondale
    Emergency Hospital,  Carbondale,  Pa.   Post  Graduate Woman's  Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
    Supervisor Women's Hospital, Detroit, Mich. Private duty  nurse.  Address 4815 Com-
    monwealth Ave.,  Detroit.
Miss  Rebecca M. Douglas,  born Chester, So. Carolina,  of  American parentage.   Graduate
    Dr. Joseph Price's School for  Nurses,  Philadelphia,  Pa.   Supt.  Hospital Chester, S.  C.
    Public Health nursing, Houghton Co., Mich.   Now Institutional Nursing, Ventnor, N. J.
Miss  Jessie Duncan, born  Kirkcaldy,  Scotland,  of  Scotch parentage.  Graduate  Kings Co.
    Hospital, Brooklyn,  N. Y.   Institutional work  in Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
    Has given up the  profession.  Address 110 Orchestra PI., Detroit.
Miss  Mary E. Gano, born Newport, Ohio, of American parentage, French Hugeunot descent.
    Graduate Grant  Hospital,  Columbus, Ohio.   Institutional  and  Private  duty.   Hourly
    nursing.  Address 67 Alexandrine  Ave., E.,  Detroit.
Miss  Anna A.  Dwyer,  born U.  S.   Graduate Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich.   Private nurs-
    ing.  Address 159  Gladstone Ave.,  Detroit.
Miss  Catherine E. Eoll, born Bristol,  Eng., of Swedish and German parentage.   Graduate
    Carbondale  General  Hospital, Carbondale,  Pa.   Night  Superintendent  Ridgeway Co.
    Hospital, Ridgeway, Pa.   O.  R.  J. B.  Ford Emergency  Hospital, Wyandotte,  Mich.
Miss  Frances Ferguson,  born U. S.  Now X Ray Technician.   Address 224 Michigan St.,
    Toledo, Ohio.
Miss  Ette  C. Foster, born Canada, of  Irish parentage.  Graduate Woman's Hospital,  Detroit,
    Mich.   Married.   Address unknown.
217 
Miss Margaret M.  Geierman, born Clifford,   Mich.,  of  Alsatian and American parentage.
    Graduate St. Vincent's Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Supt.  Dr.  Hogue's  Private Hospital,
    Montpelier, Ohio.  Institutional nursing at  St. Vincent's Hospital, Toledo,  Ohio.  In-
    structor, Red Cross classes, Toledo, Ohio.   Now Sister  Mary John Mercy Hospital,
    Toledo, Ohio.
Miss Sue C. Gallagher, born Logan, Ohio, of American  parentage.   Graduate  Mt. Carmel
    Hospital T. S., Columbus, Ohio.  Supervisor Hurley Hospital, Flint,  Mich.   Post Grad-
    uate  Grace  Hospital,  Detroit,  Mich.   Now Mrs. Rodeck, and a widow.  Roosevelt Me-
    morial Hospital,  Battle Creek,  Mich.
Miss Catherine Gelineau, born Alexandria, Ont.  Canadian  parentage.  Graduate St.  Mary's
    Hospital T.  S., Detroit, Mich.   Private  duty nurse.   Married  name Mrs.  R. Waffle,
    Montclair Ave., Detroit.
Miss Alice  M. Gilmore, born Michigan, of Irish  parentage.   Graduate  Harper Hospital,
    Detroit, Mich.   Private duty nurse.  Married Dr. W. Woolston of B. H. 36.  Address
    1400  Central Ave., Albuquerque, N. M.
Miss Kathryn Gorman, born Toledo, Ohio, of Canadian parentage.   Graduate St. Vincent's
    Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Bowling Green Sanitarium.   Private  nursing.  Address  224
    Irving  St., Toledo, Ohio.
Miss I. Malinde  Havey, born Stoughton, Wis., of American  parentage.  Graduate  Illinois
    T.  S. Cook Co. Hospital,  Chicago, 111.  Special  courses  at  Lewis Institute,  Chicago,
    and at  Teachers'  College,  New York City.   Industrial Nursing  Chicago,  111.   Public
    Health Work,  Ann Arbor,  Mich.   Now Director Public  Health Nursing, Washington
    Division.  Address Grace  Dodge Hotel, Washington, D.  C.
Miss Marguerite Headley, born Cincinnati, Ohio, of American parentage.  Graduate  Toledo
    Hospital T.  S., Toledo, Ohio.   Private duty nurse.  In California.
Miss Eleanor Hine, born Winchester, England, of English parentage.  Graduate St. Joseph's
    Sanatorium,  Mt.  Clemens, Mich.  Post Graduate  Woman's Hospital, New York City.
    Supervisor Grace  Hospital,  Detroit, Mich.  Board of  Health nurse, Detroit, Mich.  Now
    with Red Cross,  Wyandotte,  Mich.
Miss Bertha M.  Howard,  born Baltimore, Md., of American  parentage.  Graduate Ohio
    Valley  Genl. Hospital, Wheeling, W.  Va.  Post Graduate New  York Polyclinic  Hospi-
    tal, New York City.   Private and  Institutional nursing. California.
Miss Janet Jefferson,  born England, of English  parentage. Graduate Central Emergency
    Dispensary  and  City  Hospital,  Washington, D. C.  Chief Nurse General Hospital, Los
    Angeles, Cal.  Special Course in T. B. and Infant  Welfare Work at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.
    Private duty and  Institutional work.  Last heard from address, 34 Aberdeen Rd., Gait,
    Ont.
Miss Vera Johnson, born Dundas Co.,  Ont, of Canadian  parentage.  Graduate U. of M. Hos-
    pital  T. S., Ann Arbor, Mich.   Asst.  Supt. T. S. U. of M. Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich.
    Private duty.  Address unknown.
Miss Anna  C. Kaiser, born Detroit,  Mich., of German and  American parentage.  Graduate
    Providence Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Operating Room  work Providence Hospital, De-
    troit, Mich.  Institutional work  Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit,  Mich.   Welfare work
    Packard Motor Car Co., Detroit, Mich.  Now with  Dr. B. R.  Shurly, 62 Adams Ave.,
    W., Detroit.  Residence 6015 12th St., Detroit.
Miss Jessica A. Keating, born Belding, Mich., of  Irish and  American parentage.  Graduate
    Ohio Valley General Hospital, Wheeling, W. Va.   Anaesthetist  Ohio Valley General
    Hospital, Wheeling, W. Va.,  Institutional nursing, U. S. V. Hospital No. 76, Laywood,
    111.
218 
 Miss Amy Keel, born  Detroit,  Mich.,  of  English parentage.  Graduate Children's  Free
     Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Private and Institutional nursing, Detroit, Mich.  Now  Mrs.
     A.  R. Waugaman, 8658 Epworth Ave.,  Detroit.
 Miss N. Christine Keyes, born Byron, Mich., of  American  parentage.   Graduate  Harper
     Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  O. R. Supervisor Biltmore Hospital, Biltmore, N. C.  School
     Nurse, Flint, Mich.   Asst.  Night Supt. Presbyterian Hospital,  Chicago,  111.  English
     Muffin Tea  Room,  Monroe, Mich., present address.
 Miss Catherine Killoran, born Michigan, Irish parentage.  Graduate  St. Mary's Hospital T.
     S.,  Detroit, Mich.   Private  nursing.  Address 5113 Maxwell Ave., Detroit.
 Miss Grace Knapp, born  Rutland,  Vt.,  of American  parentage.   Now Mrs.  C. B.  Starr.
     Address 241 Kenilworth Ave.,  Detroit.
 Miss Elizabeth LaForge,  born  Elk Rapids, Mich., of American parentage.  Graduate  Bat-
     tle  Creek  San.,  Battle Creek, Mich.  Post Graduate Bellevue, New York City. Special
     course Cleveland  Babies'  Disp., Cleveland, Ohio.   Night Supt. Hurley Hospital, Flint,
     Mich. Babies' Milk Fund, Detroit, Mich.  Board of Health, Detroit, Mich.  Now Super-
     visor of Nurses' Health Dept., Birmingham, Ala.
 Miss Nellie Leggate, born Watford, Ont, of Scotch and Canadian parentage.  Graduate To-
     ledo Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Private duty nurse.   2460 Maplewood Ave., Toledo, O.,
     is her address.
 Miss Grace I.  Lewis,  born Riga, Mich., of American parentage.  Graduate Toledo Hospi-
     tal, Toledo, Ohio.  Private duty nurse.   County nurse.  Address Howell, Mich.
 Miss Minnie A. Lester, born Mitchell,  Ont.,  of  Irish and Canadian  parentage.   Graduate
     Hurley Hospital,  Flint, Mich.   Night  Supt.  Children's  Free Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
     Private duty  nursing.   Address unknown.
 Miss Ethel M. Lickley,  born  Salida,  of American  parentage.   Graduate Toledo Hospital
     T.  S., Toledo, Ohio.  Private duty nurse.  Is  teaching Hygiene and  Home Nursing
     in Waite High  School.   Address  2124  Scottwood Ave.,  Toledo,  Ohio.
 Miss Elsie M.  Lockhart, born  Jackson, Mich., of Scotch  parentage.  Graduate Jackson  City
     Hospital T. S.,  Jackson, Mich.  Head Nurse Kenosha, Wis., City Hospital.  Post Grad-
     uate Women's Hospital, New York City. Public Health Nurse,  Cleveland, Ohio.   At-
     tending University of  California.
 Mrs.  Emile T. Lohr, born Staunton, Va., of American parentage. Graduate George Wash-
     ington University Hospital, Washington, D. C.  Private duty nurse.  Address unknown.
 Miss Florence  J. Lyons, born Ontario, of Canadian parentage.   Graduate  Grace Hospital,
     Detroit, Mich.   California address unknown.
 Miss Emma J. McCaw,  born Port Perry, Ont., of American and Canadian parentage. Grad-
     uate Grace Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Asst.  Supt. Aultman  Hospital, Canton, Ohio.  B.
     of H. Nurse, Detroit, Mich.  Is  still with  Dr. East, at 58 Adams Ave., W., Detroit.
     Residence, 5060 Commonwealth Ave.
 Miss Sarah A. McDonald, born  Wapakoneta, Ohio, of Irish and American parentage. Grad-
    uate Woman's Hospital, New York, N.  Y.  Operating Room Nurse Women's Hospi-
    tal, New  York.  Head  Nurse  Waterbury  Hospital, Waterbury, Conn.   Private duty
     and  office  work.  Is now in Colorado.   Address unknown.
 Miss Emma J. MacDonald, born Michigan,  of Canadian parentage.   Graduate Grace Hos-
     pital, Detroit, Mich.  Private nursing.   Address 77 E. Canfield Ave.,  Detroit.
Miss Margaret McDonald, born Verbank, N. Y.  Graduate St.  Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem,
    Pa.  Head Nurse New York Infirmary  for Women and Children. New York City.  Vis-
    iting  Nurse and private duty.  Is  in New York. Address unknown.
Miss Martha J. Macdonald,  born P. E. Island, Can., of Scotch and Canadian  parentage.
     Graduate  N. E. Hospital T. S., Boston,  Mass.  Address unknown.
219 
Miss Marie P.  Mayer, born Muskegon, Mich., of French Canadian parentage.  Graduate St.
    Mary's Hospital T. S., Detroit, Mich.   Private and Office nursing.   Now Mrs. Owen
    Berry, La  Salle, N. Y.
Mrs. Nellie Malone, born Canada.   Graduate Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Private* duty
    nurse.  Last heard of in Alaska.
Miss Florence  Martin, born Mich., of Canadian  and  American  parentage.   Graduate  St.
    Mary's Hospital T. S., Detroit, Mich.   Assistant Registrar, Central Bureau of Nursing.
    Address 2972 Second Ave.,  Detroit.
Miss Edith Medhurst, born London, England, of  English parentage.  Graduate Southwark
    Infirmary,  London,  Eng.   Special  training, Heath  Hospital,  Bexley, Kent.   Special
    training Fulham Infirmary, London,  Eng.  Post Graduate Lying In Hospital, New York,
    N.  Y.  Acting  Supt. Norwich Hospital, Norwich, N. Y.  Private duty nurse. Address
    67  Alexandrine Ave., E., Detroit.
Miss Blanche Meyers, born Sombra,  Ont.,  of Canadian parentage.  Graduate Surgical San-
    atorium, Battle Creek, Mich.  Private  duty  nurse.  Red Cross Instructor in Hygiene
    and Home Nursing.  Address 1256 W.  High St., Detroit.
Miss  Norma F.  Miller, born Ohio City, Ohio, of  American parentage.   Graduate  Toledo
    Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Private  duty  nurse.  California.
Miss Pearl R.  Miller, born Avoca, Neb.,  of American parentage.  Graduate Lord Lister T.
    S.,  Omaha,  Neb.  Night Superintendent,  Lord  Lister  Hospital, Omaha, Neb.  Post
    Graduate Battle Creek  San., Battle  Creek,  Mich.  Board of  Health Nurse,  Detroit,
    Mich.  In  Omaha, Neb.
Miss Ella Moran, born Maidstone Cross, Ont., of Irish parentage. Graduate St. Mary's Hospital,
    Detroit, Mich.  Private  duty and  Board of Health Nurse, Detroit, Mich.   In  California.
Miss Martha G. Murphy,  born Michigan.  Graduate Grace Hospital T. S., Detroit, Mich.  Social
    Service  Work, Grace Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Hourly nursing.  Address 2972  Second
    Ave.,  Detroit.
Miss Clara A. Olson, born Northfield, Wis., of Norwegian parentage.  Graduate Bronson Hospital
    T.  S., Kalamazoo, Mich.  Private  duty  nurse.
Miss Lydia J. Olsen, born Ishpeming, Mich.,  of Norwegian parentage.   Graduate University of
    Michigan T. S.  Anaesthetist and Visiting Nurse,  Gwinn Hospital, Gwinn, Mich.   Visiting
    Nurse, Detroit, Mich.   Married  name  Mrs. Paul Clark,  Belleville,  Mich.
Miss Lydia M.  Pailca, born Winchester, Va.,  of American  parentage.   Graduate  City Hospital,
    Washington, D. C.  Private duty and Public Health Nurse.  Married name Mrs. G J.
    Edwards.   Address  Lake Mills, Wis.   Has one son.
Agnes  W. Reid, 442 North  Orchard  St., Madison,  Wis.  Assistant Professor  of Nursing at
    University of Wisconsin.  Supt.  of  Bradley Memorial  Hospital.  President Wisconsin
    State Nursing Association.
Aurel  Baker Pardee, Eagle, Wis.   Telephone  No., 445.  Present business, Diplomacy. Mar-
    ried.
Miss  Carrie J. Ramler, born Toledo,  Ohio, of  American parentage.  Graduate Toledo Hos-
    pital T. S.,  Toledo,  Ohio.   Private  Office duty.  1515 Norwood Ave., Toledo,  Ohio.
Miss Louise J. Reutz, born Napoleon, Ohio, of German parentage.  Graduate  St. Vincent's Hos-
    pital T. S.,  Toledo,  Ohio.   Private  Office,  St. Vincent's Hospital.   Private and Office
    work.  2124 Scottwood  Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
Miss Margaret  C. Roll, born Clontarf,  Minn., of  American parentage.   Graduate Toledo Hos-
    pital,  Toledo,  Ohio.   Private  and Institutional Nursing.  Now X Ray Technician, 224
    Irving St., Toledo, Ohio.
220 
Miss Rosanna Schulte, born Bridgeville, Pa., of American parentage.  Graduate St. Joseph's Hos-
     pital, Pittsburgh, Pa.  Board of Health and T.  B. Work, Detroit, Mich.   Now in Cali-
     fornia.
Miss Signe Schwartz, born  New Haven, Conn., of Swedish parentage.  Graduate Children's Free
     Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Private duty and Board of Health duty, Detroit, Mich.  Mar-
     ried Dr. C. B. Gaines.  Address 5420 Fischer Ave.,  Detroit.  Has two children.
Miss Penelope C. Smith, born Baltimore, Md., of American parentage.  Graduate Springfield, O.
    City Hospital.  Instructor  of Probationers Grant  Hospital,  Ohio.   Asst.  Supt., Robinwood
     Hospital, Toledo,  Ohio.  Address unknown.
Miss Julia A. Stahl, born Dowagiac, Mich., of German  parentage.  Graduate U. of M.  Hospital
     T.  S., Ann Arbor, Mich. Private duty nurse.   In Ann Arbor at present time.
Miss Estelle P. Stroupe, born Bourne Terre, Mo., of American  parentage.    Graduate  Mayfield
     Mem. Hospital, St. Louis, Mo.   Private and Institutional  duty.  Married  Dr. Clarence
     Weaver, B.  H.  36.  Address 8539 Quincy Ave., Detroit.
Miss Ann Strub, born Ohio, of German and American parentage.  Graduate  Grant  Hospital,  Co-
     lumbus, Ohio.   Private  and Institutional duty.    At present Supervisor  Henry  Ford
     Hospital, Detroit.
Miss Dolina Stuart,  born Durness, Southerlandshire,  Scotland, of Scotch parentage.  Graduate
     Grace Hospital, Detroit, Mich.   Private duty nurse.   Now at V.  H. 51, Tucson,  Ariz.
     Institutional nursing.
Miss Adelaide Tallion, born Sault  Ste.  Marie, Mich.,  parentage American-French descent.   Grad-
     uate U. B. A.  Hospital  T.  S., Grand Rapids, Mich.   Private and  Institutional work.
     School  nurse.   1072 Cardage St., Sault  Ste. Marie, Canada.
Miss Jean Thomson, born Ontario, Can., of Scotch parentage.  Graduate Sarnia General Hospital,
     Sarnia, Ont.  Private  duty  nurse.  Married  Serg.  Buchannon.  Address Pontiac, Mich.
Miss Phoebe R. Tullar, born Marshall,  Mich., of American parentage.  Graduate T. S. Battle  Creek
     San., Battle Creek, Mich.   Visiting Nurse  at Dayton and Detroit,  Mich.  Now  Mrs.
    Robert Scruggs.  Address 980 Forest St., Memphis, Tenn.
Miss Harriet Turner, born  Rockford, Essex Co., Eng.,  of English parentage.  Graduate Toledo
    Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Private duty nurse.  General nursing.   Address  2124 Scott-
    wood Ave., Toledo, Ohio.
Miss Verna Ulrey, born Indiana, of American parentage. Graduate U. of M. T. S., Ann Arbor,
    Mich.  Post Graduate, Bellevue Hospital, New York.  Night Supt., Deaconess  Hospital, In-
    dianapolis, Ind.  Surgical nurse Fordham Hospital,  New York  City. Asst. Supt., U. of M.
    Hospital, Ann Arbor,  Mich.  Address unknown.
Miss Josephine W.  Valentine,  born Urbana, Ohio,  of American parentage.  Graduate Uni-
    versity  of  Pennsylvania  Hospital T. S., Philadelphia, Pa.  Supervisor Toledo Hospital,
    Toledo,  Ohio.  Served in Red Cross Unit in Belgrade, Serbia,  1916.  Present address
    Soo Chow Hospital, Soo Chow,  China.
Miss Anna  L.  Virtue, born Nanticoke, Pa.,  of  Irish  and American parentage.   Graduate
    Carbondale General  Hospital T.  S., Carbondale,  Pa.   Night  Supervisor  Ithaca  City
    Hospital, Ithaca, N.  Y.   Supervisor Children's  Free Hospital, Detroit, Mich.  Country
    nursing.' Address 148^ N. Broadway,  New Philadelphia, Ohio.
Miss Edna  Waterman, born  Columbus,  Ohio, of American parentage. Graduate Grant Hos-
    pital, Columbus, Ohio.  Public  Health  nurse,  Columbus, Ohio.   O. R.  Henry  Ford
    Hospital, Detroit, Mich.   Married name Mrs. Stewart Sedgewick  .  Newark, Ohio.
Mrs. Clara H. Widdicomb, born Brandon, Wis., of American parentage.  Graduate  Butter-
    worth Hospital, Grand Rapids,  Mich.   Private and School nursing, Grand Rapids,  Mich.
    Now Mrs. R. H. Hall, 204 Pearl  St., Belding, Mich.
221 
Miss Jessie M. Wilson, born  Monongahela Co., W. Va., of American parentage.  Graduate
    Battle Creek Hospital T.  S., Battle Creek,  Mich.  Private duty nurse.  Address un-
    known.
Miss E.  Gertrude  Witban, born Detroit, Mich., of English parentage. Graduate Grace Hos-
    pital, Detroit, Mich.  Private and Public Health duty.   Doing Public Health nursing
    in  Michigan.
Miss Esther I. Wonderly, born Fremont,  Ohio, of American  parentage.   Graduate Toledo
    General Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.  Private duty nurse.  At present Supervisor of Sur-
    gery, General Hospital, Toledo, Ohio.
222 
                             Roster  of Enlisted Men
 Adamczak, John W.  Whereabouts  unknown.
 Adams, Avon D.  1619 East Michigan Avenue,  Lansing, Mich.
 Aivalier, John.^  Chef at The  Country Club, Grosse Pointe.   Marcelle and John are reported
     "still happy."  Marcelle's two brothers are now in Detroit and are still awed by the wonders
     of a big city.
 Allen, Oran C.  Graduated from Law School June, 1922.  Can be reached care of Bland Pugh,
     826  Dime Bank  Building.
 Anderson, John. The professor's address is 3358  Vicksburg Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.
 Antonotti, Thomas.  Whereabouts unknown.
 April, Henry.  Address unknown.
 Askam,  John  C. 503 West Lawn Ave.,  Findlay,  Ohio.  Honest John.
 Aukstikalnis, Anthony.  Little Tony  can be  reached any bright summer day in the kitchen
     of the Oakland  Hills  Country Club, Birmingham, Mich.
 Backus, Samuel G.  Sam finds that  there  is more actual cash  in the  Real  Estate business than
     in Law.  He is  selling improved and  vacant property in the Metropolis of Pontiac and can
     be reached in care of  Backus & Bell, No. 8 Marsh Block, Pontiac.
 Bain, Colin T.  Has just purchased some property and will live  with wife and  family at 1527
     Richton  Avenue, Highland Park,  Mich.  Reports have him working for Henry Ford—NOT
     in the kitchen.
 Baker, Asa  M.  Still in the Dental business.  Room 3, Tower Bldg., Saginaw,  Michigan.
 Barnett, Albert J.  Runs the finest pool room in the city at  7263 East Jefferson Avenue, De-
     troit.  It is claimed that Barney was  once a member of  the Swiss Navy, so he should know
     how to run a Billiard Parlor.
 Bayne, Jack.  The  Kid  Glove  cook.  Jack says that he is selling shoes for the  Queen Quality
     Shoe Shop—ladies exclusively.  Are there any remarks?  Married and lives at 4018 Milford
     Ave., Detroit.
 Beach, Watson.  At present attending the Detroit  Medical College.   Lives 5274 Lincoln Ave.,
     Detroit.
 Bear, Phillip.   Phil is working for  the Cadillac Motor  Car Co.  and at present resides at 676
     Charlotte.
 Benton, George.  Purchasing Department,  Cadillac  Motor Car  Co. Don't  know what he does,
     but he sure punched a mean typewriter in France.
 Biber, Edward A.   826 Walnut Street, Lansing, Mich.   Chief side  line was Photography in
     France—What is it now?
 Blackwell,  Stephen J.  Address unknown.
 Blanchard,  Oley R.  Spit  Ball King of  the A. E. F.  Oley was married a short time after
     his return.   He  has a regular job now—on a farm—has to take  the sheep out for a walk
     every day,  they  say.  Everybody  in  the County knows Oley, so just Clinton, Michigan, will
     reach him.
 Bogue, Arthur P.   Keeling &  Bogue, Attorneys, Pontiac.  Married and twice a  Papa.
 Boyce, Brinkley.  Address unknown.
 Bradley.  1'ames.   Old Jim has dropped from sight and none seem to know  anything about him.
 Buchannan, Vance B.  Buck stole a march on many  of us and  married  Miss  Thompson, R.
     N.  At last reports  they were still living happily together at 72 Green Street, Pontiac.
Burgwin, Frank  P.  Oak Grove, Michigan.   Sounds like an awfully nice  place.
Calloway, William L.  Address unknown.
Campbell, Bruce.  Adrian,  Michigan.
223 
Campbell, James  V.  Attending University of Michigan and can be reached at the DKE House,
    1555 Washtenaw Street, Ann Arbor.   Jim's diary helped a lot in the compilation of this book
    —hats off.
Carlin, Harry.  Someone must have murdered the Bugler.  Whereabouts unknown.
Carver, Harry  T., Jr.  2641 West  Grand Blvd., Detroit.
Cash more, Joe  M.  Wyandotte, Michigan, will get him.
Cash more, William S.  Last heard from Bill he was running a train of trucks.  We do know
    he is  married  and lives in River Rouge—the  bad man's town.
Childs, William P.  Address unknown.
Christensen, Emanuel.  Blanchard, Michigan.
Ciliax, Thomas W.  The Chinese Plumber is married  and resides  at  2684 Charlevoix  Ave.,
    Detroit.
Cleary, John.  Jawn  had many trades.  He was the only  Veterinarian  connected with 36 and
    showed the  natives the hows and whys of  clipping Dogs' tails. Jawn was  also a bear with
    the camera,  taking pictures without films.  Last  reported address was  222 East Elizabeth
    Street, Detroit.
Clemmer, Clarence.  Care  of  The Willard Storage Battery Co., 1242  Cass Avenue, Detroit.
Clifton, John E.  Address unknown.
Cline, Harry.  No one seems to have any dope on Harry.
Cogan, Francis R. Cogan the Cop can  be  reached  at  1629 Beniteau  Street,  Detroit.   Don't
    think he  is on  the police force now.
Collins, Charles B.  Address unknown.
Comerford, Jack W.  Litter Jack is married,  paid his dues to the Association, and lives at 7927
    East Lafayette Blvd.
Conway,  John  J.  Little John is located  at 127 Fair St., S. E., Grand  Rapids, Michigan.
Cook,  Raymond L. Address unknown.
Coquoz, Maurice.   Coco took a trip over the seas to the old country since the  war and brought
    home a  boyhood sweetheart. They are living at 454 Medbury Avenue, Detroit.
Cordes, Wesley.   Papa Cordes is  entrenched with wife and family  at  1085 Meldrum Avenue.
Cowan,  Harry J.   Harry married a French  girl in Paris.  She spoke no  English, he spoke no
     French,  but they both knew a smattering  of Yiddish, so everything went smoothly.  Address
     unknown.
Cum mings, Roy C.  Roy is  selling  Farm property, married and lives at New Baltimore, which,
     in the Real Estate language, is  a suburb  of Detroit.  From the best carpenter in the  A. E.
     F. to Real Estate is an awful drop, Roy.
Curran, James. Jim  is doing his duty as a loyal citizen and is on the Police Force in Pontiac.
     He claims to be in training  for an M. P. job  in Paris  during the next  war.
Czubakowski,  Waclaw.   No wonder we do not know his whereabouts—we can't  even ask
    where he lives.
Davis, Harold. Doc  was a  mean one on a motorcycle.  Mothers called  their children in the
    house when they saw his  dust.   They say that poultry has not yet returned to normal num-
    bers.   Doc  did not know  that chickens were meant to lay eggs and not  to die under a motor-
    cycle.  Mrs. Davis  has gone back to France for a short visit.
Delisle, William.  Bill's address is unknown.
Dennison, Edward J.   Address unknown.
D'Haene, Cyril.  Deehaw is  married and living at 417 Navahoe Ave, Detroit. He has gotten
    into the  Radio  game,  we understand.
Dill, Hugh  L.  Hugh is attending the Detroit College of Medicine and  lives at  1011 Ferdi-
    nand  Ave.,  Detroit.  Apparently he did not have enough pills in  the Army.
224 
Dinizio,  Donato.  Huckstering, we hear.  Address unknown.
Discher, George.  The Vittel Jockey is  still at the old stand in the Recreation Barber Shop,
    working from morning  'til night.  George sees more of the gang than anyone else—we know
    him so well, no tips are necessary.
Dively, Walter. Address  unknown.
Dombrowski, Donato.  He was so hard boiled no one wants to know  where he lives.
Dougherty, Frank.  You always did have to "show  down" to Frank—now he lives in Mis-
    souri—232  Good  Hope  Street,  Cape Girardeau.
DuFault, Alfredo.   The Duke was last heard from in Paris.  If  you want to find any dope
    on him, write to Charlie  Brown, Paris.
Emory, James C. Address  unknown.
Entwistle, John.  John is married and lives at 1934  Clements Ave., Detroit.
Erwin, Kent.  Kent is not doing much  pharmacy these days—the life insurance business seems
    to be too good.  Married and  lives  5040 Linsdale Ave., Detroit.
Evans, Arthur. Davison, Michigan.
Evans, Daniel  H.   Nobody knows what became of Lightning when we demobolized. The only
    time he ever showed speed was  leaving  Camp Custer.
Ewald, Clarence.  The fancy cook lives at 1305 17th  Street, Detroit.
Fairchild, Horatio.  Address unknown.
Fantone, Guiseppe.  Address unknown—we'll bet it is either  Canada or Cuba.
Feryo, Mike.  Nobody has seen Mike,  either.
Finn, Silas M.  Munger just couldn't stay  away from France and  has  made one trip since  his
    discharge.  He  is now at 70 West  Bethune Ave., Detroit.
Fornaris, Gustave A.  Address unknown.
Foster William D.  Toledo.
Fowler, Cecil A.  The Roulette King.  Whereabouts  unknown, but thought to be care of  the
    National City Bank,  Buenos Aires, Argentina, S. A.  It costs a  lot to go down there.
Fox,  Leland G.  Address unknown.
Fraser, Robert.  We were not positive that  Bob was really Scotch,  but  he says he was born in
    Alloa,  Scotland, in 1895  and came to this country in 1913.  He is a partner in the firm of
    Brooks  & Fraser, 7700 Kercheval Ave.,  Detroit.
Fulton, William R.  Address unknown.
Gamble, Roy G Roy has a studio at 253 West Fort  Street and is  making a name for himself
    in the  Art world.  Some of his  overseas work is represented in this book.  He tells me that
    he is not doing any signs or placard work.
Gauthier, Joseph G.  Joe is claim agent for the Grand Trunk—see him for quick adjustment?.
    You can reach him at 400 Grand Trunk Bldg., 400 East Jefferson Ave.
Genthe, Walter.  119 Oak  Street, Wyandotte, Michigan.   Walter  is selling  Dodge cars down
    his way.
George,  Henry.  Whereabouts unknown.
George,  Richard   Dick is a salesman  and  lives at 9260 Gratiot Ave.
Gilbert, Dwight.  Freight Agent  for the C. B. & Q. Railroad.  Lives 42 North Ashland Ave.,
    LaGrange, 111.
Gilbert, Ronald.  Ron was  in Hollywood for some time after  discharge, but it was too tame
    for him, so we find that he is  again in Detroit,  607 Lincoln Building.
Girod, John Frank.  Whereabouts unknown.
Giroux,  Joseph M.—Whereabouts  unknown.  They say Joe had a  great reputation as a boxer
    —he needed it.
Goodrich,  Edmond T.  Eddie is now connected with  the Standard Accident Insurance Com-
    pany and  from  reports has been  traveling quite a bit.   Speed was his middle name.
225 
 Green, Wilfred.   Still plying his  Pharmaceutical trade at 4462 Fort Street, West.  Under cer-
     tain conditions  Bill was an excellent furniture mover  in Vittel—circumstances  have changed
     that, however.
 Greenleaf, Lawrence.   1684 Glendale Ave.,  Detroit.  Part of each twenty-four hours devoted
     to making Fords.
 Griffith, James H.  Poor old Grif.  No one seems to  know where he is located.
 Hackett, Percy D.  Address  262  Prospect  Place,  Ridgewood, N. J.
 Hamilton,  Arthur M.   Another  mean dishwasher in the West.   2910 Harvard  Blvd.,  Los
     Angeles, Cal.
 Hamilton,  Thomas J.  These Westerners seem to hang together.  T. J.  can be  reached Box
     211, Arcade Stehan,  Los Angeles,  Cal.
 Hamilton,  David O.  Dave is married, has one heir and is upholding 36 traditions in Green-
     witch Village, New York City.
 Harnden, Charles J.  The high toned cop  can be reached at 5017 Seminole Avenue, Detroit.
 Harper, Ralph.  Do not know what Ralph is doing, but he lives at 201 N. Ingham Street, Albion,
     Mich.
 Harrigan, Bernard A.  This  red  headed  sergeant can be reached at 245 No. Washington Ave.,
     Battle Creek, Mich.  Someone saw him in  California  recently, but guess  he was only so-
     journing.
 Harrison, Floyd W.  While he may have nothing to do with politics, yet he lives in a bad
     place.  Wyandotte, Route  No.  1, Lincoln  Park, Mich.
 Hass, Herbert.  This wild driver is at 523  N.  Adams Street, Mason  City,  Iowa.
 Hatch, Carl A. Still nutting  at Eloise, Michigan.
 Havey, Orvin T.   The best electrician in France is now following the same trade at 301-5 State
     Street, Madison, Wisconsin.  We hear  he is married.
 Healy, William A.  Purchasing Agent for the Standard Tool and Mfg.  Company,  Detroit.
 Hensell, Alfred C. Augusta,  Michigan.
 Herbst,  George C.   George enlisted as a  "tailor," but he never pressed a suit in his life.   He
     lives 2406 Fisher Ave.,  Detroit, and still tailors.
 Holbrook,  Carl. Carl is now a full fledged lawyer—guess he wanted to find out  how to keep
     out of  the next war.  You can find him at Clare, Michigan.
 Holland, Cornelius.  The  old skipper is living in  Canada—of course there is a better oppor-
     tunity in Windsor,  but we miss him on this side.  We wonder if he finds "poultry getting"
     at night as productive here as in France.  We must hand it to the Skipper, for he  picked up
     the French language more  quickly than  anyone.  Go see him at 1045 Hall  Street, Windsor,
     Ont., Canada—you  won't regret the visit.
 Holmes, FIarold S.  You can locate Ducky at the corner of John R and Orchestra Place, De-
     troit.
 Honey, William E.  Bill, we understand,  is still following the Hearse at 124 W.  Kilborn St.,
     Lansing, Mich.
 Huddle, Wilbur T. Nobody  seems to know what has become of old Bill.
 Hunt,  Stanley  D.  Red has a drug store at  7293  Lane Ave.,  Detroit, Mich.
 Hyde, G Warren.  Britz is studying medicine at  Ann  Arbor  and  lives  at  300  No.  Ingalls
     Street, same  town.  We surely  thought with such  a middle name and his experience in
     France he would have had a good postmastership under the present administration.
Ireland,  Leslie  G.  Ireland  is with the Walker Sign Company.  They say he is the fellow who
     turns the sign lights  on  and off.  He  lives at 1799 Parker Ave., Detroit.
Israel,  Norman.  Whereabouts unknown—probably with the pilgrimage to Palestine.
Ives, Charles F. Chuck has about finished his Law Course at Ann Arbor and will enter the
    cold business world with Warren, Cady, Ladd and Hill, in the  Union Trust Building.
226 
Joe, Valentine.  Valentine is encamped in his Clinical Lab. at 736 David  Whitney Building-
    White coat n'everything.
Johnston, Earl L.  Earl is married and was presented the other day with a baby girl, who re-
    sides  with the rest of  the  family at 236  Rhode Island Ave., Royal Oak, Mich.
Jones, Adrian R.   Bruno at last reports was  still on friendly terms with Britz and is also going
    to be one of the foremost  surgeons in Detroit.  At present he lives at 1701 Field Ave., De-
    troit,  Mich.
Joslyn, Lee E., Jr.   Another attorney.  If  any of the boys get in jail there surely is a battery
    of lawyers to get them out of trouble. Lee is with his father at 1530 First National Bank
    Building.
Kelly, Gerald  F.  137 Rhode Island Ave., Highland Park,  is where Big  Kelly hangs  up  his
    hat.
Kelly, Sherman.  Little  Kelly  is a  Deputy in Judge Goff's court, whatever that means, and
    lives at 1627 Atkinson Ave.
Kenny, George  H.  George is with W. A. C. Miller in the lumber business—married—one "cheild"
    and resides 9315 Monica Ave., Detroit.
Klingman, Jesse.  Jess can be located with the J.  F. Hartz Co., Broadway, Detroit, Mich.
Knapp, Clarence.   Clarence is dealing in Fords or anything movable and resides at 88121 Dur-
    and Ave., Detroit, Mich.   They say that  Clarence became so familiar with Joan of Arc one
    time  that he came home  with many bruises.   Of course he claimed that he fell off his  bi-
    cycle, but Skipper  Holland says different.
Kramer,  Walter H.   Serg. Kramer has disappeared.   No one has heard or seen anything of
    him.
Libbe, Frederick B.   Fred is living at 7253 Kercheval Ave.
Lockhart,  Harry  J.   Last heard from him was 214 E. Oakland Square, Bellefontaine, Ohio.
Lutey, Carrol.   Carrol is living  at 17198 Gallagher Ave., Detroit.
Lyons, Leo J.  They  say he  is with  Henry Ford and lives at 8746  Kercheval Ave., Detroit.
Lyons, Ray T.  Also making  automobiles with Studebaker, and  lives happily with Leo  at the
    above address.
McConnell, Harry J.  Harry is still  in Hospital work at the State Hospital in Pontiac.
McDonald, Claude.   Claude  is  selling stocks and lives at 724 Van Dyke Ave., Detroit.
McGillicuddy,  Walter E.   Would  you believe it, Mac  is married?  He is still in the Shurly
    Hospital, 62 West Adams Ave.
McQueen,  Ronald H.  2334  Fourth Ave., Detroit.
Mack,  Florian.  Last heard  from, Mack was in Defiance,  Ohio.
Marchant, Herbert.  Our Old Reliable Organist resides at 4003 Pingree  Ave., Detroit.
Marks, John.  Want a cigar? See John in the Book Bldg.
Martin, Richard.  Franklin  Mine, Houghton, Mich.
Mason, John R.   Last address 38 Leicester  Court, Detroit.  Some say he is working at Ford's.
Medcalfe, Willis  R.  The printer of the Reveile seems  to  have disappeared.  No one  knows
    his address.
Meisner, Leo J.  Leo is working with the Morris Plan Bank and lives at 3633 Field Ave. De-
    troit.
Melville, Donald.  264 Winona Ave., Highland  Park, Mich.
Merriman, Lloyd.  We understand that he is still in Newspaper work, but his address is un-
    known.
Metcalf, Russell.  1710 Abbott  Street, Detroit.
Milroy, Raymond  T.  Merkle is  still getting fat and has a big political job in the County Build-
    ing.'  He lives at 802 Calvert Street, Detroit.
227 
 Monte, Albert J.  Monte was a motor cop at last reports in  Ecorse.  If he does not like you,
     you  better not drive through Ecorse.  Ask B. R. S.
 Morrison, Lester  A.  758 Calvert Ave., Detroit.  We have heard that he about owns the Proc-
     tor &  Gamble Co.  Lester always was  clean, but it's a big question about that 99 44/100%
     pure.
 Mrock, John.  2267 St. Joseph Street, Detroit.   During John's leisure hours he could be  found
     at his  old profession—selling bottles,  etc., to Du Lac—down on the river.
 Myring, Herbert J.  1932 Clements Ave.,  Detroit.
 Nash, Walter R.  Howell, Michigan.   Think  he must be farming.
 Norton, Frank.  Frank is with J. L. Hudson Co.  Go in and see him.
 Norton, Roscoe.  Roscoe is still in the drug business at  5620 Dix  Avenue.
 Noble, Donald A.   Honey is still buying and selling anything movable  or immovable for cash.
     He lives at 1601 Pingree.  He says the house is always open for anyone in 36.  There may
     be something else in the ice box  besides butter, too.
 O'Neill, Peter B.  Pete's last address was 257 Watson Street, Detroit.
 Otter, Clarence E.  Clarence claims that he is still in the Undertaking business at 3975 Cass
     Avenue,  but if  you want to see him during  the day, look him up either at the Boat or Hunt
     Club.  He is not only a wicked boatsman, but rides a  mean pony.
 Ouellette, Leon A.   1446 Ridgewood Ave., Lakewood, Ohio.
 Parker,  Ed.   Whereabouts unknown.
 Peters, Eugene G.   Pete  is working for Henry Ford and can be reached  in care of Barney,
     at 7263 E. Jefferson Ave.,  Detroit.
 Peterson,  Arthur L.  Peterson is married, George Discher says so, and lives at 1746 Seward
     Ave., Detroit.
 Phillips, Harry L.  2684 West Grand Blvd., Detroit.
 Pinnegar,  Kenneth.   Pinnegar, of course, is married, and lives 1009 Seyburn Ave., Detroit.
 Postman,  William  F.  Bill was  all  right just  so long as the moon was hidden.   The self ap-
     pointed watchman  (much to the Skipper's embarrassment) lives in Rudyard, Michigan.
 Pulkinghorn, William R.  Pulk lives at  111  Elmhurst Ave., Detroit.
 Pugh, Bland  A.  Bland is practicing law beside Ted Fitch  with Prentis, Mulford, Pugh and
     Fitch,  at 826 Dime Bank Bldg.   Just at this time he is running on the Democratic Ticket
     for Circuit Court Commissioner.   We don't think he will be elected,  but  wish him luck just
     the same.
 Rabbette,  Leo J.  The A.  E. F. Poet lives at 47 Pope Street,  Hudson, Mass.
 Rau, Roscoe.  53 West Jackson Blvd., Chicago,  111.  Guess  he wanted  to be  near Sweeney
     again.
 Reason,  Clare D.   Room  202, 90 Griswold  Street, Detroit.
 Ripley, Racine.  2236 Cadillac Ave., Detroit.
 Robarge, Charles.   Rowbottom is  with the Solvay Process Co., West Jefferson Ave,, Detroit.
 Robinson,  Joseph.  Ike the pike is living on Walnut Street, Mt. Clemens, Mich.   Some  say  it
    is a bath house.  We all thought Ike had enough water while going back and forth to France.
 Rogers, Albert J.   The holy ghost lives  at  781 Rademacher  Ave., Detroit.
 Ross, Edward C.   427 Concord  Street,  Detroit, Mich.  Don't know what Alabam is doing, but
    he has apparently  kept out of  jail  thus  far.  Judge Bartlett will never see  him.
 Schlenker,  Albert H.  Al is in the  Real Estate Business  at 628 Ford Bldg., Detroit.
 Schuyler,  Windsor D.  Schuyler is  married and at present  holds  down a job with the Kinsel
    Drug Store on Michigan Ave.
Scott, Walter. 8397 Senator Ave., Detroit.
Seeber, Walter G.   Tongawoxie, Kans.  Do not think there  is such a place, but his mail seems
    to  reach its destination.
228 
 Sessions, Donald W.  Yet another lawyer is  Dip.  He is at present holding down the job of
     Assistant Prosecuting Attorney at Lansing.   A lot of the fellows found out that he had a
     pretty good drag when it  came to the bonus question.  His  address is  812 Lenawee Street,
     Lansing.
 Sessions, Stanley M.   Marion (Gee, he'll be  sore) is in the insurance business  in Lansing, we
     hear, and can be reached  in care of Dip.
 Sewell, William.  Address care  of Barney, at 7263 E. Jefferson Ave.
 Shoemaker, Clare.  The mean steak cutter lives at Leonard,  Mich.
 Singer, Archie P.  Archie P. can be reached  at 6067 Linwood Ave.
 Sitter, Carl.  No one seems to know anything about Carl.
 Skripsy, Otto.  Living on his A. E. F. profits at 527 So. Topeka Ave., Wichita, Kans.
 Smart, Lloyd C.  Beany is still  in pretty  good trim, as evidenced  by his  "showing" at  the
     last  picnic on Belle Isle.   Address—6067  Linwood Ave.
 Smedley, Raymond B.   Smed. has a city job  of some kind.  Understand  he hasn't played an
     instrument since  the  eventful  ride from the laundry that moonlight night a short time ago.
     He lives 484 Brainard Ave.
 Smiley, Walter A.  Smiley  seems to have disappeared, but we do know he is  not  driving for
     Dr. Shurly.
 Smith, Frank H.  He's a Yankee still—lives  10 Harlow Hill  Rd., Mexico,  Maine.
 Sorenson, Arthur.  Arthur lives  at 4253 Eighteenth Street.
 Swift, Leland.  Still in the  grain business, and lives 7740 Third Ave.
 Tanner, Howard.  See  Howard  if you want  cheap tires and  free air.  Howard is squirting
     gas and oil, too, at  5918 Second Ave.
 Teague, Wm.  E.  Gossip has it that he is in the brokerage business and lives at 19 No. 5 St.,
     Evansville, Ind.
 Tucker, Howard P.  Tucker liked his  Uncle  Sam so well he  is now on the U.  S. S.  Bridge,
     Brooklyn Navy  Yard, N. Y.
 Vanderlind, Edward.  226 N. Johnston Ave.,  Pontiac, Mich.
 Varion, Joseph H.   Varion is at  the State Hospital, Pontiac.  No, he is working there.   Ad-
     dress,  172 S.  Paddock St., Pontiac.
 Wallace, Jack F.  We understand that Jack is married and lives  at 1277 Belvidere Ave.
 Wallace,  Skeen D.  Last heard  of Skeen,  he was in the Real Estate Business.  Present where-
     abouts unknown.
 Weaver, Earl.  Buck lives in Virginia, Ills.
 West, George M.   George is selling Chevrolet  cars at the  General Motors Building and lives
     at 1523 St. Clair Ave.  We hear he is married, too.
 Whalen, Jack J.  Jack  can be reached  at 406  Tennyson Ave.
 Wheeler,  Ralph F.  1074 Sheridan Ave.
 Wild, William  F.   Bill is selling lots of printing as Sales Manager for the Motschall Print-
     ing Co., on the Boulevard.
 Wilkins, Ross.  103 Bloomfield Street, Dorchester, Mass.
 Williams, Carl.   Cupie is practicing law  with Martin & Williams, at 1514 Ford Bldg.
Wilson, Edmond, Jr.  We understand that Edmond is doing some writing for  Vogue in New
    York, but his latest address is  unknown.
Woodworth, Spencer.   114 Eastlawn Ave.   At last reports he was working for the Wright Bros.
Wright, Hal. F.  Lisbon, Ohio, and married.
Wright, Wm.  The old cootie exterminater is also married and a resident of Lisbon.
229 
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Personnel ok Hospital D, Hotel des Sources, July 4, 1918 
Dinner in M. C. Depot
A  Stolen  Moment
Off Duty
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231 
         Colonel Angus McLean
         Colonel Burt R. Shurly
Discussing the Merits of Base 17  and Base 36
232
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