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Hfl NLM051005455 3nidio3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3NiDiQ3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 3NiDiQ3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn a. 3NIDIQ3W jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3nidiq3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE snidiqsw jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3NiDia3w jo Aava8n tvnouvn 3NiDia3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn o 0. c o BRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE VIEW OF SOUTH SIDE OF MONASTERY AS SEEN FROM ACROSS THE RIVER L'ISLE—MAIN MONASTERY BUILDING AND MONKS' CELLS. THE MOUNT SINAI UNIT IN THE WORLD WAR WITH SCENES AT BASE HOSPITAL No. 3 A. E. F. AT VAUCLAIRE, DORDOGNE, FRANCE Crt.£r.^' i. *.* t-f.-tX- ■•.■J.*-". ,\.:-"t.a .•.-•% •. ' V . * \AN .RACTERISTIC ENCLOSED COURT BEHIND EACH MONK CELL. This cell and court was used as a nurses' infirmary. nurses were recalled and finally the word "Ready!" was flashed to headquarters. Meanwhile, despite our many and varied occupations, we had already established most cordial relations with the good people in the neighborhood. It is but fitting that we include a word of appreciation of our dear friends in and about Montpon—who did all in their power to lessen our nostalgia, by kindly visits, helpful suggestions and frequent invi- tations to dine at their homes (and a most acceptable change these made from our army diet), and who by their extreme kindness and thoughtfulness, made our long stay in a foreign land much less harsh and onerous than it would otherwise have been. All of us will retain pleasant memories of the acquaint- ances made "Over There." Who of us will ever forget for example that kindly gentleman, M. Henri Laborde the banker, the man who would open his bank at night, on Sundays and on holidays to accom- modate us, and never would charge a sou to members of the Unit for his services; who saw to it that we were not overcharged in the shops and markets and whose dinners were a potent argument against prohibition. No history of the Unit would be complete without a reference to the Puits d'Or, that quaint little old hotel tucked in a side street where Mme. Patinet served our hungry boys (and girls) a most delightful dinner for 5 francs. She worried daily until 7 P. M. lest she had over stocked her larder and after that hour lest she have not enough for her guests. But let us return to the Hospital. The first patients received, other than civilians of the neighborhood and members of the com- mand, were from the artillery centres in Libourne and Perigueux. These were soon followed by a convoy of battle casualties arriving by Hospital Train No. 53. The rail- road approaching Vauclaire reached no nearer than Montpon, some 2>£ miles away, neces- sitating the transportation of the sick and wounded the rest of the way by motor am- bulances and trucks. A well thought out system for the reception of patients in large numbers was established. At the station a special siding was employed where hospital . n. 5» REMOVING STRETCHER CASES FROM A HOSPITAL TRAIN. These magnificently equipped hospital trains of the American Army carried about five hundred sick and wounded. The prob- lem of evacuating this number from the train and transporting them to the hospital was further complicated by the fact that the latter was situated two and a half miles from the railway station. During excep- tional periods of crisis, for example after the Chateau Thiery drive, these trains brought us the wounded directly from the Field Hospitals, as many as two trains (over 1,000 patients) arriving in twenty- four hours. At other times the sick and wounded were first passed through an Evac- uation Hosptial. trains were shunted from the main tracks. Here a group of medical officers superintended the debarkation of the patients and their transfer to the waiting line of motors. The value of the hours of stretcher drill in New York was here manifested in the smoothness and celerity with which this was accomplished. Arriving at the Hospital, the ambulances circled the grounds, passing through the old cloisters, which the good monks had wisely built just wide enough to permit the passage of a White Motor Ambulance, thus permitting each of the sick and wounded to be brought to the door of the ward to which he had been assigned. No time was lost in getting the patients in bed, bathed, warmed, fed, and made as comfortable as their physical dis- abilities would permit. Hospital trains had a habit of arriving at night; nevertheless the entire staff of nurses, doctors and personnel would be on duty properly to prepare for, receive and administer to their new charges. On the 11th of June there were 558 patients in the wards. It should be remembered that our original organization and equipment com- is .i* J-i- ii THE CENTRAL COURT. ■" Ikiwrn. I £ il il^1 t jjM THE BAKERY WHERE ENOUGH BREAD WAS BAKED TO SUPPLY 4,000 PEOPLE A DAY. templated the care of only 500 patients. After the 21st of July we never had fewer than 1000. This number increased by leaps and bounds after each offensive, until by October our 500 bed hospital had expanded to crisis capacity and was accommodating over 2800 sick and wounded. The amount and variety of labor in the administration and running of so vast an establishment was necessarily very great. To the lay mind and to a great extent also to the civilian practi- tioner's mind, a war hospital means only the actual medical and surgical treatment of sick and wounded. One is apt to overlook the vast amount of correlated duties entailed; as for example the keeping of accurate and detailed records, the maintenance of an adequate system of sanitation and of supply, the prep- aration and distribution of food, clothing, equipment, and other materials, the repeated examinations necessary for the listing and evacuation of cured, convalescent, and per- manently disabled soldiers, the problems of transportation and of the maintenance of dis- cipline by a force of military police not only at the hospital but in the surrounding villages, the establishment of courts of justice, of a post office, of places of worship for the various sects represented and of ways and means of diverting the patients and personnel by in- nocent amusement and entertainment. We were really a small town, the inhabi- tants numbering at one time nearly 4000,—an isolated community with all the usual and many of the unusual activities there to be found. As an added handicap to our busy unit, our little band of workers was always below its original numerical strength due to the detach- ment, individually or in groups, of nurses, medical officers and enlisted men for duty elsewhere in the S. O. S. or in the Zone of Advance. Early in March 1918, Lts. Poll and Oppenheimer were selected from a group of volunteers to proceed to La Courtine, where they were soon joined by Lts. Rosenthal, Bleier and Skversky; Lts. Poll and Skversky never rejoining the unit, the others returning after several months absence. Capt. Ira Cohen was selected to establish and to com- mand a camp hospital at Libourne; his continued absence was both our loss and Libourne's gain. He did literally break into iBBiM™! ONE OF THE WARD BUILDINGS. The buildings of modern construction in- cluded six long two-story structures, each having a maximum crisis capacity of 280 beds, five long one-story structures whose capacity varied from 60 to 105 beds, and an isolation pavilion of 24 beds. In addi- tion there were modern buildings for the main kitchen, the operating rooms, the nurses' dormitory, the nurses' recreation rooms, the residence and office of the Chief Nurse and for the headquarters of the hospital. Ten of the ward buildings were situated in individual courts which opened into the cloisters through narrow doors. It was therefore easily possible to isolate any of these ward buildings whenever the neces- sity arose. the hospital again by way of a motor cycle accident but that too is another story. Several surgical teams comprising surgeons, nurses and enlisted men were organized for duty in the more advanced posts. Of these, one headed by Lt. Col. Lilienthal and includ- ing Majors Brickner and Frank, Nurses Bailey, Dooley and Gibbons, and Pvts. 1st. CI. Shean and Zehetner, made a splendid record at Evacuation Hospitals back of Ver- dun. Another group headed by Maj. Beer, and numbering in addition Majs. Sternberger and Meyer, Nurses Overend and McCormick and Pvts. 1st CI. Smith and O'Reilly did fine work at Neuilly and later at Evacuation Hospital No. 7. Lt. Denzer was for some time assigned to the Central Laboratory at Dijon. Maj. Baehr, detailed to Bordeaux to establish a laboratory centre, was soon recalled to Vau- claire to be joyously welcomed as our new Commanding Officer, replacing Maj. Dailey, Maj.* Celler having held the reins until his arrival. The writer spent five busy months as eye surgeon of Evacuation Hospital No. 2 at Baccarat. In July, 22 enlisted men were transferred to the 77th Division then in the Vosges. Two others, Caesar and Hacker, were accepted from among a number of volunteers for ex- perimentation with trench fever. These examples of the reduction of our force will serve to show the handicap under which we labored. At the end of June there were but 12 medical officers and a dental surgeon at the post with a corresponding lack of nurses and men. Of course it is not to be inferred that our depleted and ever changing original unit was obliged to continue its labors unassisted. In response to demands for help, groups of casual officers, nurses and men were assigned to the hospital for longer or shorter periods. To some of them we were indebted for most valuable assistance. For example for some time we had with us seventy nurses of Base Hospital Unit No. 22, and later the personnel of the 333rd Amb. Co., an unusually fine group of men. Special mention must be made of Major John Means of Base Hospital No. 22 who, in the absence of all our senior surgeons, acted as Chief of the Surgical Service during two of the busiest months, and of Capt. J. Ullman who so competently supervised our special fracture service. Emergencies in the advanced area, besides crowding the hospital capacity, also necessi- tated calling forward teams and groups from our establishment, so that by a species of vicious cycle, the arrival of a heavy convoy of wounded was the signal for the departure of surgeons, nurses and men. But we neverthe- less managed to handle the situation and with all due modesty admit that Base Hospital No. 3 did excellent work. Without delving too deeply into the mass of available statistics, it is most interesting and instructive to note that of a total of 9127 patients treated at Base Hospital No. 3, including convoys of wounded received direct from the battle line, as well as victims of the epidemics of influenza, there were but 172 deaths (54 surgical and 118 medical, the latter mostly due to influenza pneumonia.) These 172 martyrs, who gave their all in the great cause, lie buried in the quiet, white- walled cemetery at Menesterol and we are PATIENTS ON COTS IN THE CLOISTERS, AUGUST, 1918. Whenever the hospital became filled to its maximum crisis capacity (2800 patients), the modern ward buildings were inadequate to accommodate all the sick and wounded. It then became necessary to utilize portions of the main monastery buildings, the monks' cells and even the corridors and cloisters. The monks' cells, each with its individual high walled garden, made ideal units for the isolation of contagious diseases. certain that our good friends and allies of the Dordogne will ever keep their resting place sacred and well cared for. The cessation of hostilities on November 11, instead of terminating our work, found us at the highest point of our activity. The hospital was crowded to crisis capacity, the wards all full, cots and beds closely aligned throughout cloister, verandas, halls, corridors, and recreation rooms. Additional space was made available by condensing the quarters of officers and men. Eight of ten huge bar- racks, each accommodating from 120 to 160 men had been erected by the engineers and were housing their full quota. However, the rush of new patients having ceased, and the evacuation of old ones con- tinuing as rapidly as was consistent with safe transportation, (over 2400 patients being eva- cuated in December) the wards, corridors and barracks were soon depleted, so that when, on January 11, 1919, U. S. Base Hospital No. 71 arrived at Vauclaire to relieve our Unit there were but 441 patients remaining. The transfer was effected and U. S. Base Hospital No. 3 ceased to function as a base hospital on SURGICAL PATIENTS IN THE COURT YARD OUTSIDE A WARD BUILDING. EXTERIOR OF BUILDING NO. 5 RESERVED FOR SPECIALTIES (Dental and faciomaxillary surgery, opthalmology, laryngology) January 20, 1919, the outfit however, remain- ing at Vauclaire in the status of a casual organization. Now ensued a period of enforced rest from our strenuous labors, a tedious wait until transportation facilities could be provided for our homecoming; and it is an interesting commentary on our personnel that instead of enjoying the days and weeks of relaxation, they sighed for the busy days of useful work that were ended. Many of us took advan- tage of permission to visit the countryside, near and far, but the danger of missing the boat kept most of the Unit close to Vauclaire. In this interval, several changes in our personnel occurred. Seventeen nurses selected from a large group of volunteers, left for Treves, Germany, for duty with the Army of Occupation, as did also Lt. Rosenthal. Lt. Col. Lilienthal and later Majors Brickner, Yankauer and Goodman returned to the United States in advance of the unit. Finally, after several false alarms, the wel- come orders arrived, directing the departure of the officers and nurses and on February 15, 1919, this group bade farewell to Vauclaire, the enlisted men, officered by Lt. Col. Baehr, and Lt. Marin joining with our good friends of Montpon in giving us a rousing send off, in spite of a drenching rain. A last trip in the quaint compartment cars of the "Paris and Orleans" through Coutras and Libourne brought us to Bordeaux, where after a night as guests at a Base Hospital at Tallance we motored to Bassens, and boarded the trim little fruiter, the "Santa Marta," at the mile long American docks. A seventeen day leisurely cruise along the Southern route relieved from absolute bore- dom by the energy and resourcefulness of Capt. Bendick, who drove away ennui by a series of deck dances, shuffle board tourna- ments and the like, brought us at last on March 5, 1919, to New York and home. And how welcome was the sight of the well known skyline! Our entrance into the harbor assumed the nature of a pageant for as we passed Bar- tholdi's Statue of Liberty, the "George Wash- ington" outward bound, with President Wilson on her bridge enroute to the Peace Conference VJ*! f' a 1 ?; ■ Kdiv ,9 k,''< > ■*■ JH£ . 1 #w» t.9 ■ iwSn BUILDING NO. 4, OPERATING AND STERILIZING ROOMS—CENTRAL COURT. and convoyed by a flotilla of destroyers— gave us a noisy welcome. The President, uncovering, smiled and waved a greeting. The enlisted personnel of Base Hospital No. 3, officered by Lt. Col. Baehr, Capt. Stern and Lt. Marin, left Vauclaire two days later (March 7), and on March 14th embarked at Bassens on the U. S. S. Pastores, a hospital ship carrying some 1500 sick and wounded, whose wants they looked after during the trip home. Landing at Newport News, March 25th they proceeded to Norfolk, Va., and thence to New York City. After a few days at Camp Upton they were honorably dis- charged from the military service of the U. S. Our handsome and competent Quarter- master Capt. Schwab electing to remain the A. E. F., was transferred to Monte Carlo and promoted to the rank of Major, Q.M.C. Meanwhile the nurses and officers had like- wise returned to civil life and the Mt. Sinai Unit after its splendid work of mercy ceased to exist as an official entity. But to its mem- bers it will always continue to exist in mem- ories of the work carried on in the old monas- tery and along the firing line. Cyril Barnert. ROSTER OF THE MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL UNIT (Base Hospital No. 3) STAFF OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 8. COMMANDING OFFICER Lt. Col. Michael A. Dailey, M.C. (To October 20, 1918) Lt. Col. George Baehr, M.C. (October 21, 1918 to April 23, 1919) THE FIRST OPERATING TEAM. - " - THE SECOND OPERATING TEAM, WEARING GAS MASKS AND TRENCH HELMETS DIRECTOR Lt. Col. Howard Lilienthal, M.C. Chief of Surgical Service i THE OLD MILL IN WHICH WAS INSTALLED AN ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT, UTILIZING THE RIVER L'ISLE FOR MOTIVE POWER, AND THE ADJOIN- ING QUARTERMASTER STORE HOUSES SEEN FROM THE RIVER. STAFF Lt. Col. Herbert L. Celler, M. C. Chief of Medical Service Lt. Col. Edwin Beer, M.C. Surgeon Major Walter M. Brickner, M.C. Surgeon " Robert T. Frank, M.C. Surgeon Leo B. Meyer, M.C. * Surgeon Sidney Cohn, M.C. Surgeon Adjutant until Oct. igig Edwin Sternberger, M.C. Physician Sidney Yankauer, M.C. Laryngologist Ira Cohen, M.C. Surgeon " Daniel Poll, M.C. Physician " William A. Schwab, Q.M.C. Quartermaster Capt. Arthur J. Bendick, M.C Radiographer Samuel H. Geist, M.C. Surgeon and Registrar STAFF-Contmued Capt. Harry C. Salzstein, M.C. Surgeon " Cyril Barnert, M.C. Ophthalmologist Edward Bleier, M.C. Surgeon Bernard S. Denzer, M.C. Chief of Laboratory Service Abraham Skversky, M.C. , Neurologist Nathan Rosenthal, M.C. Physician Jacob Asch, D.C. Chief of Dental Service Leo Stern, D.C. Dental Surgoen 1st Lt. E. D. Oppenheimer, M.C. Orthopedic Surgeon W. M. Frankenheimer, S.C. Medical Supply Officer 2d Lt. H. Ned Marin, S.C. Adjutant and Detach- ment Commander James Marshall, S.C. Assistant Registrar " Edwin W. Brand, M.T.C. Motor Transport Officer A 4J> <\f "*>• 4 > AA AA aA U AA AA V AA ***4i w>**< m^^^-^j^v^ -*W**?> NURSES OF BASE HOSPITAL No. NURSES Amy H. Trench, Chief Nurse (To January, 1919) Nina M. Coad, Acting Chief Nurse (From January, 1919) Cora Ball Bess Boyer Margaret Bracken Margaret Bailey Henrietta Credo Elizabeth K. Dixon Anna Doyle Margaret Doyle Ina Downes Helen Dixon Margaret Dooley Violet Dobson Margaret Dempster Dora W. Fluekiger Winifred Forsyth Ina Ferguson Dorothea Gaut Mabel Grady Florence Graves Kathleen Guest Alice Higgins Annie Harrison Margaret A. G. Hickey Alice B. Hill Elizabeth Helman NURSES—Continued Martha Joyce Blanche Jones Lilla Lawrence Beatrice LaBoissiere Helen A. Lees Blanche Lowe Christine MacMillan Edna Clay Katherine Caulfield Georgiana Donnelly Frances E. Dessell Frances Daly Mary McCormick Etta McClure Grace McCowan Elma McDermot Nancy G. McGhee Margaret Marran Helen J. Moses Frances Milligan Beatrice Moule Marion Moxham Grace Orr Ella Osborne Libbie Myers May Overend Marion Overend Emily Petty Ada Potter NURSES' DORMITORY. NURSES—Continued Helen Read Elvia Robertson Florence Robertson Mabel E. Shordiffe Lucille Spratling Lotta Swazie May L. Woughter Frances Wolf Kittie Zachariah CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES Ethel Ambrose Lillian Brodine Rose Frank Edith Greener Bella Trachtenberg A WARD IN BUILDING NO. 6 RESERVED FOR FRACTURES. Entire ward equipped with Balkan frames which have been decorated for Thanksgiving Day. ROSTER OF ENLISTED PERSONNEL (Rank as of date of discharge) • MEN'S BARRACKS. The original 153 enlisted men of the Unit bore the brunt of the work at the hospital. Although during times of crisis small groups were detached for service at the front, their numbers were eventually in- creased by the addition of Ambulance Com- pany No. 333 (Flint, Mich.) and by de- tachments from Field Hospitals and Regi- mental organizations. By the time the Unit ceased operating, the enlisted per- sonnel of the hospital numbered 550. f HOSPITAL SERGEANT Donald M. Stern SERGEANTS 1ST CLASS Albert Dreyfous Alvin S. Hirsh George E. Tissell Charles F. Naumburg William F. Blome Abraham Males Alexander Nelson Alphonse Hedberg Harry J. Hammer Roswell S. Frichette Nathan Freeman David Winchester Jean M. Begue » THE FIRE DEPARTMENT OF MONTPON AND HIS BRASS HELMET. This building was demolished by fire (with the help of the Base Hospital No. 3 Fire Fighting Squad under Sgt. Dreyfuss, formerly of the New York Fire Department). THE TOWN CRIER (Montpon). SERGEANTS Herbert W.fKastendieck Charles A. Roth Irving Friedman Philip H. Brady Herman S. Schwabacher Myron I. Granger Karl Propper Gregory Sophin Milton Waldman Albert E. Levy John E. Harris Julius Oestreicher Frank McCoy Clarence E. Lightfoot Robert Menshausen John R. Upshaw Martin J. Marran Clifford A. Goldberg Henry H. Cottrell Leon Braus Clifford H. Herrmann Alfred P. Haft John J. Duffy CORPORALS Philip Kneeter William P. Tallman Arden Waldman Norman Greenberg Charles Haar Harry Shean Julius Steinberg Sylvester A. Wolff Ronald G. Ingram Benjamin C. Price George M. Bechtel w**., CENTRAL KITCHEN The problem of feeding the population at the post (at times over 4,000) was efficiently handled by the culinary artists of the hospi- tal, a few of whom were cooks by profession. Some of our ablest talent, however, was recruited from men who informer civil life had been watch-makers, steeple-jacks, etc. The magnitude of the food problem can be appreciated when it is understood that the hospital consumed from four to five head of cattle a day. The distribution of supplies to and from the kitchen was accomplished by the use of small Ford trucks which ran through the cloisters. COOKS Larent Cateura Josef H. Jochems LockwoodR. Quinliven Nicholas F. Ribsam Louis M. Strauss John J. Hayes Otto H. Kroeger Mirko Radovic Raymond G. Stoddard ONE OF THE RECREATIONS AT VAUCLAIRE. OLD CHURCH AT MONTIGNAC. (On "cognac" hill behind hospital) PRIVATES 1ST CLASS Otto H. Ahrens Joseph L. Berman Harry A. Blades Henry J. Butt Carl R. Carlson Herbert W. Daniel Howard Dreyfous Ludovic A. Fally Isidor Friedberg Julius Gluck Harold Greenblatt Carl Henderson Walter H. James Jerome Krauskopf Leon Lessler Roceo Marino Elmer J. Maxwell George W. Morton Jan J. Oresky Albert J. Rutter William F. Schatz Sidney Siegel Joseph Smith Julius Strelitz Charles F. Williams Charles E. Worster Joseph Abelson Max Bachrach John A. Rice PRIVATES 1ST CLASS—Continued John J. Shanley Louis M. Strauss Frederic V. Guinzburg John J. Hayes Arnold B. Wertheimer Adolph B. Lichtenstein Anthony Ast Raymond Bizet Moses Blumenthal Arthur Caesar Milton Craw Frank Dolan Charles Duncan Harry Feinberg Charles W. Gabriel Horatio Gosman Lyndon J. Griffin John S. Hughes Hyman Kranish Benjamin Lazrus William Malicke Sigmund Markowitz Edward Miller James B. O'Reilly Louis Rose William R. Schaad Benjamin Shindelman Herbert I. Smith William Sobrofke M4 FUNERAL PROCESSION OF A SOLDIER BURIED WITH MILITARY HONORS. PRIVATES 1ST CLASS—Continued James M. Vinicombe John V. Winter Frederick Zehetner Archibald E. Martin Milton Pilot Louis K. Roth Herman R. Steinberg Max Strauss William P. Tallman Julian Warnstadt John J. Lenehan PRIVATES William Beards James V. Clohessy William T. Devanney Ira T. Kraner Sydney A. Rees Henry R. Whiting Mortimer A. Loew Louis Devoto, Jr. Charles Gillman Louis Goldey Harry Rudler Leo Horstein Paul Strashun Pierre L. Cerramon Robert F. Clohessy Thomas H. Ellis James H. Maddocks Louis Whitestone Jack Leiman James G. Manes Edward L. Monaghan Jesse Glauber Israel Goodman Lyndon J. Griffin Abraham Scobel Kg ■ ■ ■ ij ■ j# i |li | i t| r'i HlSliSailil 1 m M Kg t^&fa CO "#1*^*-* ■ OF THE 10,000 SICK AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS WHO WERE TREATED AT VAUCLAIRE, THESE 172 REMAINED IN THE LITTLE CEMETERY AT MENESTROL OI03W JO Aavaan tvnouvn W 3NI3I03W jo Aavaan ivnouvn 3nidio3w jo Aavaan ivnouvn snoiqsv is i /Vi\A 1 /^ 3NOI03W jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3NOia3w jo Aavaan tvnouvn 3NOia3w jo Aavaan tvnoii /V ~S \~ yK UH 470 A2B 3 1919 14230540R NLM D510DSMS 5 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLM051005455