I • n ' " . • 
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PER 
... 
SECOND EDITION VETERINARIAN'S HANDBOOK 
OF MATERIA MEDICA 
AND THERAPEUTICS THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
NEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO • DALLAS 
ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO 
MACMILLAN & CO., Limited 
LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA 
MELBOURNE 
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. 
TORONTO VETERINARIAN'S HANDBOOK 
OF MATERIA MEDICA 
AND THERAPEUTICS 
BY 
D. H. UDALL, B.S.A., D.V.M. 
Projessor of Veterinary Medicine and Hygiene 
New York State Veterinary College at 
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. 
SECOND EDITION 
REVISED 
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 
1922 
All rights reserved PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
Copyright, 1912 and 1922, 
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 
Reset and Revised May, 1922. 
Press of 
J. J. Little & Ives Company 
New York, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION 
In the preparation of a second edition of this hand- 
book, a thorough revision of its contents has been 
made to meet the changing conditions of veterinary 
practice. 
It is gratifying to know that the book has per- 
formed a useful service, and that its continuation 
is assured. The author has found pleasure in formu- 
lating numerous minor details of the art of practice. 
This has been a partial compensation for some of 
the embarrassments of earlier experience, born of 
ignorance of such details. In the absence of a fair 
degree of skill in minor matters, practice soon 
ceases to be attractive. 
The general plan of the first edition has been 
followed. Changes in the text are numerous with- 
out any essential change in size. Appreciation for 
numerous suggestions from veterinarians who have 
had occasion to refer to its pages is hereby ac- 
knowledged. 
D. H. UDALL. 
Ithaca, N. Y. PREFACE 
The writer of this handbook has attempted to 
condense in pocket-book size information frequently 
desired by the veterinarian. The contents are com- 
piled from the writer's experience, and from the 
most recent and authoritative sources in veterinary 
science. 
Corrections of errors, or suggestions in regard 
to omissions or additions will be gratefully acknowl- 
edged. 
The list of typographical and other errors has 
been materially reduced by the assistance of Dr. C. P. 
Fitch in reading and correcting proof, for which the 
writer desires to express his appreciation and thanks. 
D. H. UDALL. 
Ithaca, N. Y., May 1912. TABLE OF CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Weights and Measures 1 
Table of Solubilities 4 
Representative Formulas .9 
Descriptions, Uses, and Dosage of Drugs - - - 11 
Treatment of Diseases 96 
Symptoms and Treatment of Poisoning - - - 143 
Administration of Medicine 148 
Tables, obstetrical 151 
Tables, age 155 
Tables, pulse, respiration and temperature - - 158 
Veterinary Hygiene 160 
Clinical Diagnosis 169 
Shipment of Tissues 180 
Abbreviations. 
C stands for cattle, H for horse, Sh for sheep, Sw 
for swine. Drugs marked with a star (*) are non- 
official. N. F. = National Formulary. U. S. P. = 
United States Pharmacopoeia. B. P. = British Phar- 
macopoeia. G. P. = German Pharmacopoeia. V. K. -- 
V eterinar-Kalender-Rautenberg. 1. Weights and Measures. 
Tables of Equivalents. 
Apothecaries' Weights. 
gr. = grain = 0.06479 gm. = 0.065 estimate 
3 = dram = 3.885 gm. = 4. estimate 
3 =ounce =31.1035 gm. = 30. estimate 
Apothecaries' Fluid. 
nt .= minim = 0.06161 cc. = 0.06 
f3 = fluidram = 3.75 cc. = 4. 
f3 = fluidounce = 29.5737 cc. = 30.00 
O = pint (octarius) = 473.179 cc. - 500.00 
C = gallon (congius) = 3785.432 cc. = 4000.00 
Metric Weights. 
mg. = milligram = 0.001 gm. = 0.0154 gr. 
eg. = centigram = 0.01 gm. - 0.1543 gr. 
dg. = decigram - 0.1 gm. = 1.5432 gr. 
Gm.= gram = 1.0 gm. = 15.4323 gr. 
Kg. - kilogram = 1000.0 gm. = 2.68 lb. apoth. 
Kg. = 2.2 lb. avoir. 
Metric Fluid Measure. 
cc. = cu. centimeter = 1.0 cc. = 16.23 1H,. 
cl. = centiliter = 10.0 cc. = 0.338 fg 
dl. = deciliter = 100.0 cc. = 3.382 fg 
L. = liter = 1000.0 cc. = 33.824 fg 2 
1 teaspoonful = f3 11/3 
1 dessertspoonful z=f3 2 1/2 
1 tablespoonful =f3 4 
1 teacupful = fj 4 
1 f3 = 60HL.= 57.049 gr. 
1 f5= 480 TR,-= 456.392 gr. 
10 = 7680 H],.= 7300. gr. 
1 C = 61440 1TI. = 58400. gr. 
1C= 231 cu. in. 
1 lb. apotb. =5760 gr. 
1 3 apoth. = 480 gr. 
1 3 apoth. = 60 gr. 
1 lb. avoir. = 7000 gr. 
1 oz. avoir. = 437% gr. 
Apothecaries' (Wine) Measure. 
60 nt. = 1 f3 = 4 cc. approximate 
8 f3 = 1 - 30 cc. approximate 
16 = 1O.= 500 cc. approximate 
8 O = 1 C. = 4000 cc. approximate 
Apothecaries' Weight. 
60 gr. = 1 3 = 4 gm. approximate 
8 5 =1S = 30 gm. approximate 
12 3 = 1 lb. = 372 gm. approximate 
16 § = 500 gm. approximate 
Imperial Measure. 
60 TT},. - 1 f3- 3.5 cc. 
8 f3 = 1 f$ - 28.39 cc. 
20 f3 = 1 O.- 567.93 cc. 
8 O. = 1C. = 4543.87 cc. 3 
Solution Table. 
To estimate the weight in grains of the drug re- 
quired to make a solution of a given percentage, mul- 
tiply the weight in grains of the solvent by the per 
cent desired. 
1 fg water at 4 C. = 456.39 grains. 
To make 1 of a 0.1% (1:1000) sol. add 0.456 grs. 
To make 1 of a 0.2% (1:500 ) sol. add 0.91 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 0.3% (1:333 ) sol. add 1.37 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 0.4% (1:250 ) sol. add 1.82 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 0.5% (1:200 ) sol. add 2.28 grs. 
To make 1 fB of a 0.6% (1:166 ) sol. add 2.73 grs. 
To make 1 fg of a 0.7% (1:143 ) sol. add 3.19 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of an 0.8% (1:125 ) sol. add 3.65 grs. 
To make 1 f^ of a 0.9% (1:111 ) sol. add 4.1 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 1. % (1:100 ) sol. add 4.56 grs. 
To make 1 fg of a 2. % (1:50 ) sol. add 9.12 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 3. % (1:33 ) sol. add 13.7 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 4. % (1:25 ) sol. add 18.25 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 5. % (1:20 ) sol. add 22.8 grs. 
To make 1 f? of a 6. % (1:16 ) sol. add 27.38 grs.. 
To make 1 f$ of a 7. % (1:13 ) sol. add 31.94 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of an 8. % (1:12.5 ) sol. add 36.50 grs. 
To make 1 f$ of a 9. % (1:11 ) sol. add 41.06 grs. 
To make 1 f§ of a 10. % (1:10 ) sol. add 45.64 grs. 4 
2. Table of Solubilities, at 25 Centigrade. 
One part is soluble in 
water 
alcohol 
Acetanilidum 
Acetphenetidinum (Phe- 
179 
(18. boiling) 
2.5 
nacetin) 
Acidum Acetyl-salicylicum 
925 
12.0 
(Aspirin) 
Acidum Benzoicum (sol. in 
100 
soluble 
oils) 
281 
1.8 
Acidum Boricum 
18 
(4.3 boiling) 
15.3 
Acidum Chromicum 
freely 
- 
Acidum Picricum 
sparingly 
freely 
Acidum Salicylicum 
308 
(14 boiling) 
2.0 
Acidum Tannicum 
0.34 
0.23 
Acidum Tartaricum 
0.71 
1.67 
Aconitina 
Aconitine Sulphate, amor- 
3200 
22.0 
phous 
soluble 
soluble 
Alumen. 
9.0 
insoluble 
Alumen Exsiccatum 
17.0 
insoluble 
Alypin 
soluble 
soluble 
Ammonii Carbonas 
4.0 
Ammonii Chloridum 
2.0 
50.0 
Antimonii et Potassii Tar- 
15.5 
insoluble 
tras 
(3 boiling) 
Antipyrina 
less than 
1 
1.0 5 
One part is soluble in 
water 
alcohol 
Apomorphinae Hydrochlor- 
idum 
39.5 
38.2 
Arecolin Hydrobromide 
soluble 
Argenti Nitras 
0.54 
24.0 
Arseni Trioxidum 
15.0 
boiling 
Freely in acid hydrochlo- 
ric, or potassium car- 
bonate solution. 
Atoxyl 
soluble 
Atropinae Sulphas 
0.38 
3.7 
Balsamum Peruvianum 
insoluble 
5.0 
Barium Chlorid 
2.5 
insoluble 
Betanaphthol 
950.0 
0.61 
Bismuth Subnitras 
insoluble 
insoluble 
Caffeina 
45.6 
53.2 
Caffeinae Sodio-salicylatas 
2.0 
Calx 
Camphora (readily sol. in 
760.0 
insoluble 
oil) 
insoluble 
freely 
Chloralum Hydratum 
freely 
freely 
Chloretone 
sparingly 
freely 
Cocainae Hydrochloridum 
0.4 
2.6 
Codeina 
88.0 
1.6 
Codeinae Sulphas 
30.0 
1033.0 
Creolin 
40.0 
freely 
Creosotum 
120.0 (hot) 
freely 
Cresol 
60.0 
Cupri Sulphas 
2.2 
400.0 
Digitalin (German) 
Ergot, Extract (Squibb) 
soluble 
(4 cold water) 
soluble 6 
One part is soluble in 
water 
alcohol 
Ferri Chloridum 
freely 
freely 
Ferri Citras 
slowly 
(freely in 
insoluble 
hot) 
Ferri Sulphas 
0.9 
insoluble 
(0.3 boiling) 
Guaiacol 
Homatropinae Hydrobro- 
53.0 
freely 
midum 
5.7 
32.5 
Heroin (sol. in acidulated 
liquids) 
insoluble 
Heroin Hydrochlorid 
Hydrargyri Chlor. Corro. 
2.0 
(add salt to prevent pre- 
13.0 
3.0 
cipitation of albumen) 
(2 boiling) 
Hydrargyri Chlor. Mite 
Hydrargyri lodidum Rub. 
insoluble 
insoluble 
(freely soluble in potas- 
sium iodid solutions) 
insoluble 
116.0 
Hyoscinae Hydrobromidum 
1.5 
16.0 
Hyoscinae Sulphas 
Ichthyol (miscible with 
freely 
6.4 
oils and glycerin) 
soluble 
Ichthargan 
lodoformum (sol. in 5.2 
freely 
freely 
ether) 
lodum (readily in petrox 
insoluble 
46.7 
liq.) 
5000.0 
10.0 
Liquor Cresolis Comp. 
Magnesii Sulphas (Epsom 
soluble 
soluble 
Salt) 
1.85 
insoluble 
Menthol 
freely 
freely 7 
One part is soluble in 
water 
alcohol 
Morphinae Hydrochlori- 
dum 
17.2 
42.0 
Morphinae Sulphas 
15.3 
465.0 
Naphthalinum (very solu- 
ble in oils) 
insoluble 
13.0 
Phenol 
19.6 
freely 
Phenol Liquefactum (mis- 
cible with oils and gly- 
cerin in all proportions) 
12.0 
Phosphorus (sol. in 50 
parts fatty oil) 
insoluble 
insoluble 
Phenylis Salicylas (Salol) 
(sol. in oils) 
2333.0 
5.0 
Physostigminae Salicylas 
72.5 
12.7 
Physostigminae Sulphas 
freely 
freely 
Pilocarpinae Hydrochlori- 
dum 
0.3 
2.3 
Pix Liquida (soluble in oils 
or solutions of sod. hy- 
droxid) 
slightly 
soluble 
Plumbi Acetas 
2.0 
30.0 
Potassii Acetas 
0.4 
2.0 
Potassii Bicarbonas 
3.0 
insoluble 
Potassii Bitartras 
200.0 
insoluble 
Potassii Bromidum 
(16.7 boiling) 
1.5 
180.0 
Potassii Carbonas 
0.91 
insoluble 
Potassii Chloras 
16.0 
slightly 
Potassii Dichromas 
(1.7 boiling) 
9.0 
Potassii Hydroxidum 
1.5 boiling 
insoluble 
Potassii lodidum 
0.4 
2.0 
Potassii Nitras 
0.7 
12.0 8 
One part is soluble in 
water 
alcohol 
Potassii Permanganas 
3.6 
sparingly 
Potassii Pieras 
230.0 
Protargol (slowly in 2.5 
cold water) 
Pyoktanin (30 boil., 50 hot, 
75 cold water) 
12.0 
Pyrogallol 
1.6 
1.0 
Quininae Hydrochloridum 
18.0 
0.6 
Quininae Sulphas (acids 
increase solubility in 
water) 
720.0 
86.0 
Resorcinol 
0.5 
freely 
Saccharum 
0.46 
137.2 
Saccharum Lactis 
4.79 
Sodii Acetas 
1.0 
23.0 
Sodii Bicarbonas 
12.0 
- 
Sodii Boras (Borax) 
20.4 
insoluble 
Sodii Bromidum 
1.7 
12.5 
Sodii Chloridum 
2.8 
insoluble 
Sodii Hydroxidum 
1.0 
very 
Sodii Nitras 
1.4 
slightly 
Sodii Phenolsulphonas 
4.8 
130.0 
Sodii Salicylas 
0.8 
5.5 
Sodii Sulphas (Glauber's 
Salt) 
2.8 
Sparteinae Sulphas 
1.1 
2.4 
Strychninae Sulphas 
31.0 
65.0 
Terpini Hydras. 
200.0 
10.0 
Tricresol 
40.0 
Veratrin Sulphate 
freely 
Zinci Acetas 
2.5 • 
36.0 
Zinci Chloridum 
0.4 
freely 
Zinci Phenolsulphonas 
1.7 
Zinci Sulphas 
0.53 
insoluble 9 
3. Representative Formulas. 
Simple Powder. 
Mixed Powder 
B 1 
Antimonii et potas- 
sii tartratis 3 iv. 
Sig. Dissolve in a pail 
of water; give 1/3 at 6, 
7, and 8 a.m. before 
feeding or watering for 
a horse with stomach 
worms. 
B 2 
Sal Carolini factitii 
Nucis vomicae aa 3 viii 
Arseni trioxidi 3 iii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
thrice daily for a horse 
with intestinal catarrh 
or oxyuriasis. 
Divided Powder. 
Solution. 
B 3 
Antimonii et potas- 
sii tartratis 3 x 
Glycyrrhizae 
Juniperi 
Ammonii chlo- 
ridi aa 5 iiss 
M. Ft. chartulae No. x. 
Sig. One powder 2-3 
times daily as expecto- 
rant for a horse. 
B 4 
Liq. acidi arsenosi 
Liq. strychninae 
(1%) aa 3 viii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
2-3 times daily as a 
tonic for a horse or 
cow. 
B 5 
Oleoresinae aspidii 3 i. 
Ft. capsulae No. x. 
Sig. Give all at one dose 
for a large dog with 
tape-worms. 
Capsules. 
B 6 
Kamalae 3 iiss 
Seminis arecae 3v 
Olei theobromatis q.s. 
et fiant pilulae No. xxv. 
Obduce keratino. 
Sig. 6-15 pills for a 
dog with tape-worm 
(Schiel). 
Keratin Coating. 10 
Electuary. 
Bolus 
B 7 
Sal Carolini fac- 
titii 3 viii 
Althaeae 3 iii 
Aquae com. q.s. electu- 
arium. 
Sig. Give on the tongue 
with a paddle. 
B 8 
Nucis vomicae 3 v 
Zingiberis 3 i 
Hydrargyri chloridi 
mite 3 iv 
Aloini 3 ii 
Glyceriti amyli q.s. mas- 
sa. 
Ft. boli iv. 
Sig. Physic balls. 
Decocta (Decoction). 
Infusa (Infusion). 
B 9 
Pour 20 parts cold wa- 
ter on 1 part drug; cov- 
er and boil 15 minutes; 
cool, strain, and add 
amount of water lost by 
evaporation. 
B 10 
Pour 20 parts boiling 
water on 1 part drug; 
let stand % hour in a 
tight vessel in a warm 
place; strain and add 
amount of water lost by 
evaporation. 
B 11 
Pour 20 parts cold wa- 
ter on 1 part drug (lin- 
seed) ; shake often dur- 
ing % hour; decant, or 
strain through coarse 
muslin. 
Demulcent. 
B 12 
Oil 2 (olive, linseed, cot- 
tonseed), Acacia 1, wa- 
ter 17. 
Emulsion. 
Liniment. 
Ointment. 
B 13 
Aquae ammoniae 30. 
Olei camphorati 70. 
M. 
B 14 
lodi gr. x-xx 
lodoformi 3 i-ii 
Petroloxolini spissi 
N. F. 
Adipis aa 5 i. 11 
4. Descriptions, Uses, and Dosage of Drugs. 
Acacia' (Gum Arabic). Intern., protectant in 
gastro-enteritis, diarrhea, poisons; expectorant in 
respiratory catarrh. Extern., hemostatic; clyster in 
proctitis. Preparations: Mucilago. Syrupus. Used 
in emulsions, electuaries, pills and powders. 
Acetanilidum (Antifebrin). Soluble in 180 parts 
water, 2.5 alcohol. Intern., very high fevers only. 
Daily dose: H. & C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 2-3 
(8.-12.); D. gr. 15-30 (1.-2.0). In pills, electuary, or 
suspension. Extern., antiseptic powder on wounds, 
etc. 
Acetphenetidinum (Phenacetin). Antipyretic 
and analgesic. Said to be safer than acetanilid or 
antipyrin, most satisfactory of the coal-tar products. 
Sedative in dog distemper, painful cough, etc. H. & 
C. 3 2^-5 (10.-20.); D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). 
* Acetum (Vinegar). 4-6% absolute acetic acid. 
Extern., fomentation and hot compress for phlegmons, 
parasiticide for lice (destroys eggs), clysters in 
oxyurus (1%). Intern., cooling, relieves thirst, anti- 
dote for caustic alkalies. H. & C. 5 3-8 (100.-240.); 
Sh. & Sw. 5 1-2 (25.-50.). 
B 
Arseni trioxidi 
Pot. carbonatis aa 3 i 
Aceti et aq. aa q.s. O i. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Viborg's arsenical vinegar for lice and mange 
(poison). Do not use more than a pint at a time on 
a horse. 
Acidum Aceticum (Acetic Acid). 36% absolute 
acid. Extern., warts. 
* See p. vi, abbreviations. 12 
Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. 6% absolute acid. 
Use and dose as acetum. 
* Acidum Acetyl-salicylicum (Aspirin). Substi- 
tute for salol and salicylates. Derivative of salicylic 
acid; antipyretic and analgesic. Used in equine 
influenza, straining due to vaginal or uterine irrita- 
tion in cows, painful mastitis, etc. H. 3 3-4 (10.15.); 
D. gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.). Two to three times daily. 
B 1 
Aspirini 3 i 
Sacchari 3 ii 
M. Ft. chart, iv. 
Sig. Two powders daily 
for dog with rheuma- 
tism (v.k.). 
B 2 
Aspirini 
Sacchari aa gr. xxx 
M. Ft. chart, vi. 
Sig. Three powders 
daily for dog with dis- 
temper (v.k.). 
Acidum Boricum (Boric Acid). Soluble in 18 
parts water. Extern., conjunctivitis, otitis, general 
antiseptic for cats. 4% aqueous solution of tablets. 
Antiseptic powder. Intern., fermentation, gastro- 
enteritis, cystitis. H. & C. 5 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 
3 %-l (2.-4.); D. gr. 15-45 (1.-3.). 
Acidum Arsenosum cf arseni trioxidum. 
B 1 
Acidi borici gr. xl 
Cocainae 
hydrochloridi gr. ii 
Aquae destil. g ii 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. For conjunctivitis. 
B 2 
Acidi borici gr. xv 
Cocainae 
hydrochloridi gr. xv 
Phenolis liq. n( iv 
Glycerini 
Aq. destil. aa $ i 
M. Ft. sol. Sig. A few 
drops in the ear of a 
dog with painful otitis 
media. 
Prep: *Pulvis Antisepticus N.F. Salicylic acid 
5, phenol 1, eucalyptol 1, menthol 1, thymol 1, zinc 
sulphate 125, boric acid 865. 13 
Acidum Carbolicum cf phenol. 
♦Acidum Carbolicum Crudum (Crude Phenol; 
Crude Cresol). Partly soluble in water (1:50-200), 
Stable disinfectant: mix with equal parts crude 
sulphuric acid and use in 5% aqueous solution. 
Extern., mix with ^-1 part green soap for active dis- 
infectant. 1% in mange, etc.-cheap substitute for 
liquor cresolis comp. 
B 
Acidi carbol, crud. 15. 
Sapo mollis 100. 
M. Sig. Apply to scratches and bandage (Reinhardt). 
♦Acidum Chromicum (Chromic Acid). Extern., 
caustic in grease, canker, and tumors; as ointment, 
paste, or solution (1:10 to concentrated). Used by 
Frbhner in chronic eczematous and verrucose 
scratches (grease) as single application of 10% sol. 
Harness and saddle eczema in 2-5% solution or oint- 
ment. 
Acidum Hydrochloricum (Muriatic Acid). 31.9% 
HC1. 
Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum. 10% HC1. 
Intern., digestant in chronic indigestion, gastro-intes- 
tinal catarrh, licking disease, depraved appetite. 
H. & C. 5 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 5 %-l (2.-5.); D. 
hl. 2-6 (0.12-0.35). In drinking water, well diluted 
and sprinkled on the hay, or per os very dilute. 
B 1 
Acidi hydro- 
chlorici dil. 5 iv. 
Sig. Tablespoonful in a 
quart of water every 
three hours for a cow 
with chronic indiges- 
tion. 
B 2 
Acidi 
hydrochloric! dil. 5 
Aq. destil. 300. 
Sig. One teaspoonful to 
a tablespoonful every 
three hours for a dog 
with distemper. 14 
Acidum Lacticum (Lactic Acid). Intern., anti- 
ferment in gastric tympany, chronic indigestion and 
diarrhea (calves). H. & C. 3 2-3 (8.-12.). In capsule 
or a pint of water. Extern., mild caustic. 
K 1 
Acidi lactici 3i 
Syrupi 5 ii 
Aq. com. q.s. 5 vi. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
every three hours for a 
dog with diarrhea (v.k.). 
Acidum Nitricum (Nitric Acid). 68% HNO3. 
Caustic in canker, warts, and small tumors. Ring- 
worm in cattle (5% ointment). 
Acidum Oleicum (Oleic Acid). Solvent for medi- 
cines to be absorbed from the skin. See petrox. 
Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum. 10% Phosphoric 
Acid. Stomachic in acute fevers, rachitis, and osteo- 
malacia. Inferior to hydrochloric acid. H. & C. 3 
1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2 (5.-8.); D. q,. 5-10 
(0.3-0.6). 
*Acidum Picricum (Picric Acid). Intern., stron- 
gylosis and taeniasis in sheep and lambs. Sh. gr. 1-3 
(0.1-0.2) in mucilaginous drench. Caustic poison. 
Extern., desiccant antiseptic in moist eczema, lym- 
phangitis, rope burns, burns, otorrhea, scratches. Use 
in 1-6% solution of alcohol and water. 
Acidum Salicylicum. Soluble in 300 parts water, 
2 alcohol. Intern., gastric and intestinal fermenta- 
tion, diarrhea in young, cystitis, specific in acute 
rheumatism. Daily dose: H. 5 3 (100); C. 5 5 (150); 
Sh. Sw and Calf 5 2-3 (8.-12.); D. 5 ^-4 (2.-15.). Ex- 
tern., antiseptic powder (1:20-50 starch); 5% alco- 15 
holic solution, or ointment, in mastitis, ringworm, 
and otitis; 15% ointment in warts, and corns (man). 
B 1 
Acidi salicylici 3 i 
Alcoholis q.s. solut. 
Adipis 3 iii. 
M. Ft. unguent. 
Sig. Externally in mas- 
titis (Frbhner). 
B 2 
Acidi salicylici 
Acidi tannici aa 3 i. 
M. chart. No. viii. 
Sig. One powder in 
eight ounces linseed 
water for diarrhea in 
calf. 
B 3 
Acidi salicylici 3 
Amyli 70 
Talci 27. 
M. Sig. Desiccant. 
Acidum Sulphuricum. 92.5% H2SO4. Extern., 
caustic. 
*Acidum Sulphuricum Crudum (Oil of Vitriol). 
Mix with equal parts phenol and use in 5% solution 
for disinfecting stables, etc. 
Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum. 10% H2SO4. In- 
tern., as dilute hydrochloric acid. H. & C. 3 4 (15.). 
Acidum Tannicum (Tannic Acid). Soluble in 1 
part water or alcohol, 3 parts glycerin. Extern., anti- 
septic powder (firm scab), astringent, hemostatic; 
10% ointment in moist eczema, otorrhea, and ulcers. 
Intern., styptic in diarrhea, cystitis, poisoning with 
metallic salts and alkaloids. H. & C. 3 1-6 (5.-25.); 
Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-5.); D. gr. 2-7 (0.1-0.5). 
B 1 
Cupri sulphatis 3 iii 
Alumenis 3 ii 
Acidi tannici 3 iss 
Camphorae 3 iiss 
Carbo ligni 3 i. 
M. Antiseptic powder 
for wounds. 
B 2 
Acidi tannici 2.5 
Aq. destil 50. 
Alcohol q.s. 100. 
M. (Joseph). 
For acne or seborrhea. 16 
R 3 
Hydrargyri chlor. 
corrosiv. gr. viiss 
Alcoholis 5 iv 
Aquae 5 xii 
Acidi tannici q.s. sat. 
sol. 
M. Sig. Apply twice daily to -harness galls. 
Aconitum (Aconite). Root of Aconitum Napel- 
lus. %% aconitin. Intern., circulatory depressant 
and vasodilator in first stages of acute fever. Use 
with caution and only for a short time in vigorous 
animals. Give the tinct. every 1-2 hours in small 
doses. H. & C. gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 1/5-2 
(0.013-0.13); D. gr. 1/10-1 (0.006-0.06). Prepa- 
rations: Fluidextractum Aconiti. .4% aconitin. Dose: 
as root. Tinctlira Aconiti. .045% aconitin. H. & C. 
3 1-2 (4.-8.); Sh. & Sw. %. 5-10 (0.3-0.6); D. nt- 1-2 
(0.06-0.13). Aconitine (Aconitin). Crystal alkaloid. 
Very toxic. Soluble in dilute alcohol. H. & C. gr. 
1/80-1/25. *" Aconitin". Commercial; amorphous. A 
weaker mixture of alkaloids; strength widely vari- 
able. Caution. 
n i 
Ticturae aconiti 3 viii 
F. E. belladonnae 3 v 
Alcoholis dil. q.s. 5 ii. 
M. Sig. One dram every two hours for a horse with 
congestion of the lungs. 
*Acriflavine. Coal tar derivative. An active 
non-irritating antiseptic effective in the presence of 
serum. Used in 1:1000 aqueous solution or physio- 
logical salt solution for persistent metritis in cows, 
any suppurative condition, or in fresh wounds. Also 
recommended for injection into the udder in mas- 
titis (1:2000). 17 
Adeps (Lard). Internal fat of abdomen of hog. 
Basis for ointments. Prep: Oleum Adipis (Lard Oil). 
Adeps Benzoinatus (adeps 100, benzoin 20). A 
better base for ointments than lard, add 5% white 
wax for warm weather. 
Adeps Lanae (Wool-fat). 
Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Hydrous Wool-fat). 
Wool-fat 70, water 30. Basis for ointments, keeps 
well, rapidly resorbed. Official substitute for lanolin. 
*Adrenalin. A proprietary name for epinephrine 
cf suprarenalum siccum. 
Aether (Sulphuric Ether). 96% Ethyl Oxid. In- 
tern., stimulant in cerebral depression. Dose per os: 
H. & C. 5 16-1 (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2 (5.-8.); D. 
nt. 8-15 (0.5-1.). Stimulant per subcutis (?): H. & C. 
3 1 (5.). Antispasmodic for horse per rectum in 
colic: put 1-2 ounces of ether in a bottle, connect 
the rectum and the mouth of the bottle with rubber 
tubing, place the bottle in a pail of warm water. 
Recommended for injection into the teat canal in 
mastitis. 
R 1 
Aetheris 5 i 
Ol. ricini O i. 
M. Drench for a horse 
with spasmodic colic. 
R 2 
Aetheris 
01. terebinthinae aa $ i 
Spiritus camphorae g iv. 
M. Stimulating lini- 
ment. 
* Airol cf bismuthi iodosubgallas. 
Alcohol. 92%. Intern., stimulant in collapse, 
narcotic poisoning, snake bites, chills, exposure; 
antipyretic in large doses in septicemia and pyemia. 
Stimulant: H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 3-5 
(12.-20.); D. 3 ^-1 (2.-5.). Antipyretic: increase the 
dose four times and give every 2 hours. Prepara- 18 
tions : Alcohol Dilutum 41%; Spiritus Frumenti 
(Whiskey) 37-47%; Spiritus Vini Gallici (Brandy) 
39-47% alcohol. Extern., resorbent and antiseptic in 
phlegmons, contusions, skin necrosis, harness galls, 
gangrenous dermatitis, sprains, fresh joint perfora- 
tions (firing), acute tendinitis and periostitis; in 
form of alcohol bandage (Frick): Cover the part with 
1-2 layers of cotton; fix with gauze bandage; satu- 
rate with alcohol 92%, or denatured; enclose in im- 
pervious material (rubber sheeting, paraffin paper); 
and cover with woollen or flannel bandage; pour al- 
cohol beneath the impervious covering three times 
daily; change every 2-3 days. Antiseptic (50%). 
Aloe (Aloes; Barbadoes Aloes). Purgative: H. 
5 1-1% (30.-45.); C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. 3 2%-4 
(10.-15.); Sw. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. gr. 30-60 (2.-4.). 
Stomachic: H. & C. 3 %-3 (2.-12.); Sh. 3 %-l (2.-4.); 
Sw. gr. 15-30 (1.-2.); D. gr. 1-8 (0.065-0.5). In pills, 
electuary, or suspension. 
B 1 
Aloes 
Veratri aa 3 iiss. 
M. Give in a pint of 
water for a cow with 
chronic indigestion 
(Frbhner). 
B 2 
Antimonii et pot- 
assii tart. 3 i 
Aloes 5iss 
Sodii sulphatis 3 xvi. 
M. For a cow with per- 
sistent chronic indiges- 
tion. 
B 3 
Aloes 5 i 
Sapo mollis 
q.s. boli. 
M. Sig. For a horse 
with colic. 
Aioi num (Aloin). Active principle of aloes. 
H. & C. 3 2-4 (8.-15.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 10-30 (0.65-2.); 
D. gr. 1-5 (0.06-0.3). 19 
B 
Nucis vomicae 3 v 
Zingiberis 3 vi 
Hydrarg. chlor. 
mite 3 v 
Aloini 5 ii 
Glyceriti amyli q.s. mas- 
sa. 
M. Ft. boli. No. iv. 
Sig. Physic balls. 
Alumen (Alum; Crude Alum; AIK (SO4)2 + 12 
H2O). Extern., antiseptic powder on wounds (irritat- 
ing) ; astringent and disinfectant on mucous mem- 
branes-stomatitis, conjunctivitis, vaginitis, metritis. 
2-5% aqueous solution, or with lead acetate to form 
Burrow's solution. Liquor Alumini Acetatis N. F.). 
B 1 
Alumenis 3 v 
Plumbi acetatis 3 i 
Aq. com. 5 xii. 
M. Burrow's solution. 
B 2 
Acidi tannici 50 
Acidi borici 
Alumenis aa 100. 
M. 
Alumen Exsiccatum (Burnt Alum; AIK (SO4)2). 
Styptic and antiseptic powder. 
*Alypinum (Alypin). Synthetic preparation 
closely related to stovaine; soluble white powd. Use 
like cocain for anesthesia, effect twice as rapid and 
non-toxic, continues about one hour. Parenchymatous 
infiltration 3%; eye operations 1%; perineural injec- 
tion 1-5 grains. 
Ammonia Water cf aqua ammonia. 
♦Ammoniacum (Gum Ammoniac). Combined 
with 2 parts gutta percha under heat to form Defay's 
hoof cement. 
Ammonii Carbonas (Ammonium Carbonate). 
Soluble in 5 parts water. Antacid in colic and tym- 20 
pany; circulatory and respiratory stimulant and 
stimulating expectorant in pneumonia, bronchitis, 
emphysema; useful in collapse (colic, paresis of ru- 
men, heart failure, pneumonia). C. 3%-l% (15.-45.); 
H. 3 2%-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 15-30 (1.-2.); D. gr. 
7-15 (0.5-1.). Give every 2 hours in electuary, bolus, 
or mucilaginous fluid. 
Ammonii Chloridum (Ammonium Chlorid). Solu- 
ble in 3 parts water. Intern., expectorant in latter 
stages of bronchial catarrh, pneumonia, strangles. H. 
3 2-4 (8.-15.); C. 3 4-8 (12.-25.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l 
(0.2-5.); D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). Extern., cooling and 
stimulating wash in contusions: ammonium chlorid 
1, potassium nitrate 5, sodium sulphate 8, water 16. 
B 1 
Camphorae 3 i 
Ammon, carb. 
Ammon, chlor, aa 3 iv 
Syrupi C i. 
Dissolve camphor in 
chloroform, add to the 
syrup, then add the am- 
monia. 
Sig. One ounce every 
two hours to four times 
daily as an expectorant. 
B 2 
Ammonii chloridi 3 i 
Anisi 3 i 
Sal. Carolini fac. S viii 
Glycyrrhizae et aquae 
q.s. electuarii. 
Sig. Give about an 
ounce on the tongue 
several times daily. 
Amylis Nitris (Amyl Nitrite). Not practical for 
animals. See Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis. 
Amylum (Corn Starch). Desiccant powder alone, 
or with zinc oxid, acid salicylic, menthol, bismuth 
(10:1) in moist eczema, chafing, etc. Prep: Glyceri- 
tum Amyli. 
Anisum (Anise; Aniseed). Intern., carminative, 
expectorant, stomachic, improves taste of medicine. 
H. & C. 5 y2-2 (15.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-3 (5.-10.); D. 21 
TH,. 1-5 of anise oil. Extern., oil of anise for lice, 
mites, fleas. 
Anti-Anthrax Serum cf serum. 
Antifebrin cf acetanilid. 
Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Tartar Emetic). 
Intern., promotes rumination, laxative, anthelmintic. 
H. 3 %-5 (2.-20.); C. 3 3-5 (12.-20.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 
8-30 (0.5-2.); D. gr. %-l% (0.05-0.1). Sedative ex- 
pectorant in dry stage of bronchitis, laryngitis, etc., 
in one-fifth the above dose. See B 3, pg. 9. 
B 1 
Antimonii et potassii tartratis 3 iv-v. 
Sig. Dissolve in a pail of water; give 1/3 at 6 a. m., 
at 7 a. m., and at 8 a. m. before feeding, for a horse 
with stomach worms (Grimme). 
B 2 
Heroini gr. viii 
F. E. hyoscyami 
or belladonnae § i 
Ant. et potassii 
tart. 3 iv 
Syrupi q.s. O i. 
Sig. One ounce every 
two hours for a horse 
with acute bronchitis. 
B 3 
Ant. et potassii 
tart. 3 ii 
Ammonii chloridi 3 iv. 
M. Ft. chart. No. ii. 
Sig. One powder night 
and morning in drink- 
ing water (v.k.). 
B 4 
Antimonii et potassii tart. 5 i 
Sal Carolini factitii 5 xii 
Anisi 
Glycyrrhizae aa 5 i. 
Althaeae et aquae 
q.s. electuarii. 
M. Sig. Paddleful on 
tongue several times 
daily (v.k.). 
*Antimonii Sulphidum Purificatum (Black Anti- 
mony). Expectorant and tonic. H. & C. 3 2^-6 22 
(10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 30-75 (2.-5.); D. gr. 1-10 
(0.065-0.6). 
♦Antimonium Sulphuratum (Yellow Antimony). 
Use and dosage as black antimony. 
♦Antimony Trichlorid (Butter of Antimony). 
Caustic: household remedy in thrush and foot-rot. 
Dilute with 3-4 parts tincture of myrrh. Obsolete. 
*Antiperiostin. A 30% solution of hydrargyri 
iodidi rubri in tincture of cantharides (Frbhner). 
*Antiphlogistin cf cataplasma kaolini. 
Antipyrina (Antipyrin). Soluble in water. Febri- 
fuge, similar to acetanilid. Specific in acute mus- 
cular and articular rheumatism in dogs. Expensive. 
H. & C. 3 4-5 (15.-20.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); D. gr. 
4-45 (0.25-3.). Gr. 7%-30 in 2-5 cc. water per subcutis 
as a febrifuge for a dog. 
Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum (Apomorphin 
Hydrochlorid). Intern., expectorant in dogs in small 
doses, gf. 1/60-1/20 (0.001-0.003) per os every two to 
three hours. Emetic: D. gr. 1/30-1/6 (0.002-0.01); 
Cat, gr. 1/3-3/4 (0.02-0.05). Administer per subcutis. 
Wool-eating in sheep and licking disease in cattle. 
Recommended for relief of choke in large animals, 
gr. %-%. Deteriorates, expensive. 
R 1 Permanent solu- 
tion. 
Apomorphinae hy- 
drochloridi gr. iii 
Solve in aq. destil. 5 v 
Ad. acid, hydro- 
chloric! up ii. 
M. 1% apomorphin so- 
lution for subcutaneous 
use. 
R 2 
Apomorphinae hy- 
drochlor. gr. viii 
Aq. destil. 3 i. 
M. Sig. 5 cc. daily for 
cow with licking dis- 
ease (Frbhner). 23 
B 3 
Apomorphinae hy- 
drochloridi gr. 1/6 
Glycerini 3 iiss 
Aquae destil. 5 iii- 
M. Ft. sol. Sig. Teaspoonful thrice daily for a dog 
with bronchitis. 
*Aposthesine. A synthetic local anesthetic manu- 
factured by Parke, Davis and Co. It is non-irritant, 
not injured by boiling, and is practically non-toxic. 
Efficient for injertion, but relatively inactive on 
mucous membranes. Used in 1-2% sol. 
Aqua Ammoniae (Ammonia Water). 10% NH3. 
Intern., antacid in tympanitis. C. 5 %-l (15.-30.); 
Sh. & Sw. E,- 15-30. Dilute with 50-100 parts water. 
Value doubtful, not safe. Extern., 10% aqueous solu- 
tion in snake and insect bites. Rubefacient cf lini- 
mentum. 
Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Stronger Ammonia 
Water). 28% NH3. 
Aqua Amygdalae Amarae (Bitter Almond Water). 
Intern., sedative with morphin in cough; laryngeal 
injection in horses. 
Amarae 
B 1 
Morphinae sul- 
phatis gr. % 
Aq. amygdalae 
amarae 3 iiss 
Mucilagis acaciae 5 ii- 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Teaspoonful 3-4 
times daily for dog 
with laryngitis- and 
bronchitis. 
R 2 
Morphinae sul- 
phatis gr. viii 
Aq. amygdalae 
amarae 5 iii. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Intratracheal in- 
jection of 10 cc. once or 
twice daily for horse 
with painful bronchitis. 
*Areca (Areca Nut). Vermifuge, especially in 
the dog. Expulsion of the worms occurs in 3-5 hours, 24 
follow in 3 hours with a purgative unless expulsion 
has already taken place. Administer in capsules or 
keratin coating for dog, electuary or powder for a 
horse. H. & C. 3 3-8 (100.-250.); Foals, 3 2y2-$2 
(10.-60.); D. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); Cat, 3 %-l (2.-5.). 
B 1 
Arecae 3 iiss 
Olei theobromitis 
et cerae flavae 
q.s. massa. 
M. Ft. pilulae No. xx. 
Obduce keratino. 
Sig. Give at one dose 
for a dog with tape- 
worms (Frohner). 
B 2 
Arecae 31 
Kamalae 3 iiss 
Olei theobromitis q.s. 
pilulae No. xxv. 
Sig. Give at one dose 
for a large dog with 
tape-worms (Frohner). 
*Arecolinum Hydrobromidum (Arecolin Hydro- 
bromid). Intern., laxative in acute laminitis and 
colic, diuretic. Caution in heart weakness, old and 
weak animals. See arecovetrol. H. & C. gr. %-l 
(0.03-0.07) per subcutis. In indigestion repeat once 
or twice at intervals of 15-30 minutes. Extern., 
myotic (^-1%), contraction begins in about 5 min- 
utes. 
*Arecovetrol. Four capsules (A) each contain- 
ing arecolin gr. 1% and nux vomica; four capsules 
(B) each containing veratrin gr. 1% and nux vomica. 
Alternate A and B every 2-3 hours in indigestion in 
cows; diagnostic in traumatic gastritis (condition 
becomes worse). Dose: alternate a capsule of A 
with a capsule of B every 2-3 hours; administer in a 
mucilaginous drench; 8 capsules constitute a treat- 
ment. 
Argenti Nitras (Silver Nitrate). 99.9% AgNO3. 
Soluble in 1 part water. Intern., chronic gastric ca- 
tarrh, chronic diarrhea. H. & C. gr. 5-15 (0.3-1.); 25 
Sh. & Sw. gr. 2-3 (0.12-0.2); D. gr. 1/3-3/4 (0.02-0.05). 
Several times daily in solution, pill, glycerin, or 
clyster (0.1-1% aqueous solution in diarrhea). Ex- 
tern., conjunctivitis 1-2%; otorrhea 1-5%; wounds 
and burns 2-10%; stomatitis 10% applied to ulcers 
with cotton; keratitis 2%. 
B 1 
Argenti nitratis gr. 3-6 
Aquae destil. 3v. 
M. Sig. Eye antiseptic. 
R 2 
Argenti nitratis gr. viii 
Alcoholis 5 viii. 
M. For otorrhea. 
It 3 
Argenti nitratis gr. viii 
Aquae 5 Ui. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
every 3 hours for calf 
with diarrhea (Schleg). 
R 4 
Argenti nitratis 3 iss 
Kaolini 3 vi 
Aquae q.s. satis. 
M. Ft. pilulae No. vii. 
Sig. 2 pills daily for 
horse with diarrhea 
(Frohner). 
Argenti Nitras Fusus (Lunar Caustic). 94.8% 
AgNO3 in cones or pencils. Extern., caustic on un- 
healthy granulations, ulcers, etc. 
*Argenti Nitras Mitigatus (Mitigated Silver Ni- 
trate). 33.3%. Extern., in pencils or cones where 
pure lunar caustic is too strong (granular eye-lids). 
*Argentum Colloidale (Collargol). Intern., pur- 
pura, strangles (gr. 7%: aqua 50 cc. per vein, Dieck- 
erhoff); repeat every 2 hours in severe cases. Re- 
ports in general indicate unsatisfactory or even 
harmful results. 
*Argilla cf kaolin. 
*Argyrol. A protein preparation containing from 
20 to 25% of silver; non-irritant. Used in 5-20% 
solutions for conjunctivitis. One of the most active 
organic silver compounds. 
Aristol cf thymolis iodidum. 26 
Arnica. Dried flower heads. Prep: Tinctura 
Arnicae. Stimulant in sprains and bruises, too irri- 
tating for broken skin. Intern., household remedy of 
doubtful value. 
Arseni Trioxidum (Arsenic Trioxid; White Ar- 
senic). As2O3. Intern., alterative and tonic in chronic 
intestinal catarrh, emaciation, chronic dyspnea, 
anemia, rachitis, osteomalacia; vermifuge; large 
doses for papillomatosis. Daily dose: H. & C. gr. 
10-15 (0.6-1.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 1-2 (0.065-0.13); D. gr. 
1/20-1/4 (0.003-0.016). As a vermifuge in horse the 
dose may be increased three times. Preparations : 
Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. 1% solution. Liquor Potassii 
Arsenitis (Fowler's Solution). 1% Solution H. & C. 
3 %-2 (15.-60.); Colts 3 months, 1-2 tablespoonfuls 
per day; Sh. & Sw. 0],. 15-75 (1.-5.); D. np. 2-10 
(0.13-0.6); Cats and Fowls, tn,. 1-2. *Atoxyl. An or- 
ganic compound containing 25-35% arsenic; white 
powder. Intern., surra, dourine, nagana, infectious 
anemia, trypanosomes and spirochetes in general. 
Value doubtful. Dose per subcutis: 1/10 the 1% 
solutions of arsenic. 
Sodium Cacodylate. Wh. Powd. Sol. in water. 
Action and uses like that of arsenic. Recommended 
for influenza, pneumonia, and other infections in the 
horse. Value doubtful. Dose per subcutis: H. gr. 
30-50. 
B 1 
Sal Carolini factitii 
Calcii hydroxidi 
aa § viii 
Arseni trioxidi 3 iv. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
2-3 times per day in 
feed for heaves. 
B 2 
Arseni trioxidi 
Acaciae aa. 
Aq. com. q.s. pasta. 
M. Sig. For warts and 
small tumors. 27 
B 3 
Liq. acidi arsenosi 
Liq. strychninae 
(1%) aa Sv-vi 
Tinct. ferri. chlo- 
ridi 5 ii-iv 
Glycerini q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
2-3 times daily as tonic 
for horse. 
■ B 4 
Sal Carolini factitii 
Nucis vomicae 
aa 5 viii 
Sinapis 3 iv 
Arseni trioxidi 5 ii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
thrice daily for bowel 
catarrh or rectal worms 
in a horse. 
Asafoetida (Asafetida). Intern., antispasmodic 
in colic and convulsions. H. & C. 3 %-l (15.-30.); D. 
gr. 7^-30 (0.5-2.). Extern., tincture to prevent 
feather pulling, licking bandages, etc. 
B 
Tinct. asafoetidae 
Tinct. valerianae 
Spiritus aetheris aa 3 iv. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful hourly in a bottle of water 
for a horse with spasmodic colic. 
Aspidium (Filix Mas; Male Fern). The dried 
rhizome. Claimed to be our most useful remedy for 
tape-worm. H. & C. 5 3-8 (100.-250.); Sh. & Sw. 5 1-2 
(30.-60.); D. 3 1-4 (5.-15.); Cat, gr. 15-30 (1.-2.). Ad- 
minister in pill or electuary after a fast. Prep: 
Oleoresina Aspidii. Dose: D., large, nt. 30-75 (2.-5.), 
small, nt. 8-15 (0.5-1.); Cat, 11),. 3-8 (0.2-0.5). Best ad- 
ministered in capsules. Follow with a laxative in 
2-4 hours: ol. ricini % 1-2, or administer in castor oil, 
through a stomach-tube if necessary, on an anes- 
thetized stomach (1-2 grains of cocain in 10-20 drops 
water). See B 5, pg. 9. 
*Aspirinum (Aspirin) cf acidum acetyl-salicyli- 
cum. 
*Atoxyl cf arseni trioxidi. 
Atropina cf belladonna. 28 
*Bacillol cf cresol. 
*Bacterol cf cresol. 
Balsamum Copaiba cf copaiba. 
Balsamum Peruvianum (Balsam of Peru). Ex- 
tern., parasiticide in mange (10% alcoholic solution, 
or in ointment); promotes healing of badly granu- 
lating wounds. Intern., stimulant expectorant in 
bronchitis. H. & C. 3 2%-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 
15-75 (1.5.); D. gr. 2-15 (0.13-1.); Cat, gr. 2-8 
(0.13-0.5). 
B 1 
Balsami Peruviani 3 iss. 
Ft. capsulae gelatinae 
No. x. 
Sig. One capsule daily 
for bronchitis or cysti- 
tis in dog. 
H 2 
Balsami Peruvi- 
ani Gm. 80 
Ichthyoli Gm. 20 
Oleoresinae as- 
pidii Gm. 50 
Creolini Gm. 50 
Alcoholis 70% Gm. 500. 
M. Sig. For mange in 
dog (Miller). 
B 3 
Balsami Peruvi- 
ani rrt- xxx 
Petrolati 5 ii. 
M. Ft. ung. Sig. For 
wounds, scabs on teats, 
etc. 
*Barii Chloridum (Barium Chlorid). Intern., 
stimulates peristalis. Colic in large horse per os 
5 l%-3 (6.-12.); C. 3 1-3 (5.-12.); per vein for large 
horse gr. T^-IS (0.5-1.). Give in divided doses, 4-8 
grains in 10 cc. warm water, repeat in 15 minutes. 
Very useful in inducing contractions of the rumen 
in acute indigestion in cows; administer 3 2-3 per os 
in single or divided dose. Contraindicated in heart 
weakness, weak or aged animals. Caution with dose! 
Antidote: atropin, sodium sulphate per os or vein. 29 
Belladonnae Folia. 0.35% alkaloids (atropin). 
Intern., excitant in small doses: poisoning with 
arecolin, barium; useful in shock, collapse, pulmo- 
nary edema, pneumonia, and heat stroke. Sup- 
presses abnormal salivation, sweating, polyuria. 
Antispasmodic: colic, tetanus, cough, bronchitis, 
dyspnea. Suppresses symptoms of heaves. Caution 
in combination with morphin (paralysis of bowel 
with decreased secretions and death). H. & C. 3 2-8 
(8.-30.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 10-20 (0.65-1.3); D. gr. 2-5 
(0.13-0.3). Preparations: Tinctura Belladonnae Foli- 
orum. 0.035% alkaloids. H. & C. 3 4-8 (15.-30.); Sh. 
& Sw. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); D. nt. 15-30 (1.-2.). Extractum 
Belladonnae Foliorum. 1.4% alkaloids. H. & C. gr. 
45-75 (3.-5.). Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis. 
0.5% alkaloids. H. & C. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); Sh. & Sw. %. 
10-15 (0.65-1.); D. Hl- 1-3 (0.06-0.2). Atropinae Sul- 
phas. H. & C. gr. (0.016-0.03); Sh. & Sw. gr. 
1/6-1/4 (0.01-0.016); D. gr. 1/24-1/12 (0.0027-0.005). 
Per subcutis. Extern., to dilate pupil for examina- 
tion of the eye, to paralyze accommodation in oph- 
thalmia, and to prevent adhesions in iritis. 1-2% 
atropin sulphate. Fl. Ext. and Extract are useful in 
allaying peripheral irritation, see linimentum. 
B 1 
Strychninae sulphatis 
Atropinae sul- 
phatis aa gr. ss 
Aquae destil. 3 iiss. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Per subcutis ,for a 
horse with heart weak- 
ness (edema of lungs, 
overexertion). 
B 2 
Strychninae sul- 
phatis gr. vi 
Digitalini Ger- 
manici gr. ix 
Atropinae sul- 
phatis gr. ii 
Aquae 3 ii. 
M. Sig. 5 cc. per subcu- 
tis in circulatory de- 
pression in horse and 
cow; % cc. for large 
dog. 30 
B 3 
Ferri sulphatis 3 viii 
Camphorae 3 iv 
Belladonnae fol. 3 iv 
Arseni trioxidi 3 v. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful 2-3 
times daily for horse 
with heaves. 
B 4 
Juniperi 3 ill 
Ammonii chloridi 
Potassii aceta- 
tis aa 3 iss 
Pulv. Belladonnae 
fol. 3 in. 
M. Ft. chart. No. xii. 
Sig. One powder 3-4 
times daily for nasal 
catarrh in a horse. 
Gum resin. Prepara- 
tions : Acidum Benzoicum. Extern., as balsam of 
Peru in mange, etc. Intern., urinary antiseptic in 
cystitis; stimulant expectorant in bronchial ca- 
tarrh, and pneumonia of dog distemper (gr. %-3). 
Sodii Benzoas. Useful in pharyngitis. H. & C. 3 
%-8 (2.-30.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 10-60 (0.65-4.); D. gr. 
3-10 (0.2-0.65). Tinctura Benzoini. 20% benzoin. 
H. & C. 3 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-3 (4.-12.); D. 
np. 30-60 (2.-4.). Tinctura Benzoini Composita. Ex- 
tern., wounds, scratches (alone or with 4 parts 
glycerin); inhalation in bronchitis, etc. (1:100). In- 
tern., chronic bronchitis. Dose: as tincture. 
Benzoinum (Benzoin). 
K 
Acidi benzoici gr. xxx 
Sacchari 3 x. 
M. Ft. chart. No. x. 
Sig. 1-3 powders daily for a dog with bronchitis. 
Betanaphthol (Naphthol). Resembles naph- 
thalin. Extern., germicide in parasitic skin diseases 
(ringworm, scabies). Alcoholic solution, or in oint- 
ment (1:10-20). Very toxic for cats. Intern., intes- 
tinal antiseptic and vermifuge. Too toxic for gen- 
eral use, action similar to phenol. Daily dose: 
H. & C. 5 1 (5.); D. gr. 8 (0.5); Cat, gr. %-l% 
(0.05-0.1). 31 
*Bismuthi Dithiosalicylas (Thioform). Substi- 
tute for iodoform in moist eczema. In otorrhea after 
using alcoholic sublimate. 
*Bismuthi lodosubagallas (Airol). Antiseptic as 
powder (alone or with talc and starch), ointment, 
or paste. Airol paste is a very useful protectant as 
substitute for bandage over small sutured wound. 
B 1 
Airoli 
Glycerini 
Mucilag. acaciae 
aa 3 i 
Kaolini 3 ii. 
M. Ft. pasta = Airol paste. 
*Bismuthi Subgallas (Dermatol). Extern., 
wounds, moist eczema. Use alone, with talcum or 
amylum (1:5). Burns and abrasions in 10-20% oint- 
ment. Substitute for iodoform; not superior to sub- 
nitrate. 
H 1 
Dermatol 10 
Amyli 60 
Talci 30. 
M. Dermatol powder 
(Schindelka). 
Bismuthi Subnitras (Bismuth Subnitrate). In- 
tern., antiseptic astringent; protectant after laxa- 
tive in catarrhal diarrhea; useful in combination 
with salol; antiemetic with hydrocyanic acid. Very 
useful in gastrointestinal irritation from caustic 
poisons and other causes in cows. Daily dose: C. 
3 2-4 in a quart of warm milk; H. 5 1-4; Sh. & Sw. 
3 %-l (2.-4.); D. gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.); Cat, gr. 5-8 (0.3-0.5). 
Extern., antiseptic as powder, ointment, or paste. 32 
B 1 
Bismuthi subni- 
tratis 5 ss 
Salol 5 i 
Morphinae sul- 
phatis gr. i. 
M. Ft. chart. No. vi. 
Sig. One powder thrice daily for a dog with diarrhea. 
* Black Antimony cf antimonii sulphidum. 
*Black Wash cf hydrargyri chloridum mite. 
Bloodroot cf sanguinaria. 
Blue Ointment cf hydrargyrum. 
Blue Stone cf cupri sulphas. 
Blue Vitriol cf cupri sulphas. 
*Bolus Armena (Red Bole). Coloring for pow- 
ders. 
Bolus Alba cf kaolin. 
*Bovovaccine. Suspension of human tubercle 
bacilli. Does not establish complete or permanent 
immunity against tuberculosis. 
Borax cf sodii boras. 
Brandy cf alcohol. 
* Bryonia. Drastic hydragogue cathartic. Rarely 
used. 
Buchu. Leaves of Barosina Betulina. Intern., 
feeble diuretic in cystitis, frequent urination, etc. 
H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 5 %-l (2.-4.); D. 
gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.). Pkep: Fluidextractum Buchu: uses 
and dose as buchu. 
Buckthorn cf frangula. 
^Burgundy Pitch cf pix Burgundica. 
*Burrow's Solution cf alumen. 33 
*Butter of Antimony cf antimony trichlorid. 
Cacao Butter cf oleum theobromatis. 
Caffeina (Caffein). Soluble in 80 parts water. 
Intern., to stimulate heart, respiration, brain and 
cord. Inferior to digitalis in valvular insufficiency, 
superior in exhaustion insufficiency (pneumonia, 
septicemia); diuretic; antidote in chloroform and 
narcotic poisoning. Combine with atropin in acute 
pulmonary edema (per subcutis). Administer caf- 
fein and the citrate in pills or electuary, others per 
subcutis (soluble). H. & C. 3 1-2 (5.-8.); D., large, 
gr. 8-30 (0.5-2.); small, gr. ^-8 (0.1-0.5). Prepara- 
tions : Caffeinae Sodii-benzoas. *Caffeinae Sodio- 
salicylas N. F. 45%. Soluble in 2 parts warm water. 
Dose: double caffein. Caffeina Citrata. 50% caffein. 
Dose: double caffein. 
B 1 
Caffeinae sodio- 
salicylatis 3 i 
Aquae destil. 3 v. 
Sig. Subcutaneous in- 
jection for a horse with 
pneumonia, or a cow 
with parturient paresis. 
B 2 
Caffeinae 3 vi 
Althaeae 3 ii 
Aq. com. q.s. massa. 
M. Ft. boli No. vi. 
Sig. One bolus twice 
daily for a horse with 
heart weakness. 
R 3 
Caffeinae sodio-salicy- 
latis 
Pulv. sacchari aa gr. xl. 
M. Ft. chart. No. v. 
Sig. One powder daily 
for a dog with ascites. 
Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calcium Car- 
bonate; Chalk; CaCO3). Intern., antacid; mild as- 
tringent (diarrhea); rachitis in the young. H. & C. 
*Calamin cf zinci carbonas. 34 
5 %-2 (15.-60.); Foals and Calves, 3 2%-5 (10.-20.) 
daily; Lambs, Pigs, and Dog, 3 %-2% (2.-10.) per day 
in food. Extern., desiccant in eczema and chafing. 
Calcii Chloridum (Calcium Chlorid; CaCl2). In- 
tern., hemostatic in purpura, hemophilia, and inter- 
nal hemorrhage. Value doubtful. H. & C. 3 1-2 
(4.-8.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 8-30 (0.5-2.); D. gr. 1-10 
(0.065-0.6). 
*Calcii lodidum (lodid of Lime). Calcidin (Ab- 
bott). H. & C. 3 %-l (2.-4.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 5-10 
(0.3-0.6); D. gr. 1-3 (0.065-0.2). Very useful in con- 
gestion or edema of upper air passages, give freely 
and often in hot water. 
*Calcii Lactas (Calcium Lactate). Uses and 
dosage as calcii chloridi. Soluble and non-irritating, 
may be given per subcutis. 
Calomel cf hydrargyri chloridum mite. 
Calx (Quicklime; Lime; CaO). Germicide. De- 
odorizer. Caustic. Stable Disinfectant: milk of 
lime 1:2 for whitewash; 1:20 for floors, gutters, etc.; 
add liquor cresolis compositus, or phenol (1-5%) for 
active germicide. Sprinkle on cadavers and excreta. 
Extern., Potassa Cum Calce (Vienna Paste), equal 
parts lime and caustic potash, in canker, small tu- 
mors, etc. *Calcii Hydras (Slaked Lime). Desic- 
cant and antiseptic powder alone, or with equal parts 
charcoal, in wounds, eczema, lice on hens, etc. Use- 
ful in the prevention of fouls in cattle; place in a 
box at the stable entrance, sprinkle on the stall beds. 
Useful in "heave powders." H. & C. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); Sh. 
& Sw. gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.); D. gr. 3-10 (0.2-0.6). Liquor 
Calcis (Lime Water). Saturated aqueous solution of 
calcii hydras. Intern., of milk for young in 35 
diarrhea; clyster in pin-worms; antidote in acid 
poisoning; lime water and gentian in "scours" for 
calves. H. & C. 5 2-3 (60.-90.); Sh. & Sw. 3 2-8 
(8.-30.); D. 3 2-6 (8.-25.); Calves, 5 2 (60.). 
B 1 
Calcii hydroxidi 
Sal Carolini fac- 
titii aa 3 viii 
Arseni trioxidi 3 v. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful thrice daily in feed in chronic 
bronchitis, heaves, etc. 
Calx Chlorinata (Chlorinated Lime; "Chlorid of 
Lime"; Ca (C1O)2 + CaCl2.). 30% chlorine. Germi- 
cide. Deodorizer. Disinfectant. Stable Disinfec- 
tion: 1:3-20, uncertain in tuberculosis and glanders. 
Very efficient in combination with phenol leaving an 
objectionable and persistent odor. Extern., 1-10% in 
wounds, ulcers, etc.; powder or paste in canker; 5% 
aqueous solution in foot-rot. 
Cambogia (Gamboge). Drastic cathartic. H. 5 
%-l (15.-30.); C. 3 1-1 ¥2 (30.-45.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l 
(2.-4.); D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). 
Camphora (Camphor). Soluble in 1 part alcohol, 
4 parts olive oil, % chloroform, 2 turpentine. Intern., 
circulatory stimulant in pneumonia and septicemia 
(inject into the pectoral muscles); carminative in 
colic (per os); antipyretic. H. & C. 3 1-3 (5.-15.); 
D„ gr. 7V2-30 (0.5-2.); Cat, gr. 2-8 (0.13-0.5). In pills, 
emulsion, or suspension. Linimentum Camphorae 
(1 :4 of olive oil) per subcutis: 10 times the dose of 
camphor. 2-^ § daily at 2-hour intervals in severe 
septicemia and pneumonia. Extern., rubefacient in 
sprains, bruises, and phlegmons; dusting-powder 36 
(camphor 3 1-2; starch and zinc oxid aa 5 %)• Prep- 
arations: Linimentum (1 : 4 cottonseed oil); Spiritus 
(1 : 10 alcohol). Frohner's Camphor Bandape, used 
in lymphangitis, etc.: apply from the coronet to the 
stifle a layer of cotton; cover with a layer of gauze; 
saturate with spirits of camphor; enclose both in 
impermeable material, and hold all in position with 
wide bandages of cotton cloth. At frequent intervals 
inject spirits of camphor beneath the bandage. Ac- 
tion supported with arecolin per subcutis. Camphor 
bandage also used in suppurative tendovaginitis 
(free incision, irrigation, bandage). See alcohol 
bandage. 
B 1 
Aetheris 3 iiss 
Lin. camph. 5 i. 
M. Sig. Per subcutis in 4 doses for a horse with con- 
tagious pleuropneumonia. 
B 2 
Camphorae 5 
Adipis 50. 
M. Ft. unguent. 
Sig. For mastitis (Bang). 
Cannabis (Hemp; Hashish). Intern., narcotic In 
colic, azoturia, to quiet nervous horses in minor 
operations, hobbling, in chloroform narcosis, etc. 
Prep: Fluidextractum Cannabis. H. & C. 3 2-6 (8.- 
24.); Sh. & Sw. Tib 15-60 (1.-4.); D. 11b 3-10 (0.2-0.6). 
Per os. H. 5-15 cc. per vein. 
Cantharis (Cantharides; Spanish Flies). Vesh 
cant with 2-6 parts adeps, etc. Preparations : Tinc- 
tura Cantharidis (10%). Extern., rubefacient in 
sprains; alopecia (1:5-10 alcohol); promotes growth 
of hoof when applied at coronet. See linimentum, 37 
and antiperiostin. Intern., aphrodisiac. Daily dose: 
C. 3 5 (20.); H. 3 2% (10.); Sh. & Sw. 3 % (2.); D. 
n(. 4-15 (0.25-1.0). *Oleum Cantharidatum (canthar- 
ides 3, olive oil 10). *0leum Cantharidatum Composi- 
tum (cantharidis 2, euphorbii 1, ol. lini 25, ol. tereb. 
5; mix and let stand for several days). Collodium 
Cantharidatum. Counterirritant in tendo-vaginitis, 
periostitis, wind-puffs, etc. 
B 1 
Cantharidis 
Adipis 
Ol. olivae aa 2 
M. After 10 hours add: 
Cerae flavae 
Euphorbii aa 1 
Terebinthinae 2. 
M. Ft. Unguentum Can- 
tharidum pro usu vet- 
ermario G. P. 
R 2 
Picis Burgundicae 
Resinae aa 3 iv 
Cerae flavae 5 iii 
Ol. olivae 3 xi 
Cantharidis 3 vi 
Euphorbii ' ii- 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
Sig. Spavin blister. 
B 3 
Cantharidis 
Terebinthinae aa 1 
Adipis 4. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
B 4 
Cantharidis 
Hydrargyri iodi 
rubri aa 3 ii 
Petrolati 5 ii. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
B 5 
01. picis liquidae 8 
Cantharidis 1. 
M. Sig. For periostitis, 
•apply weekly with a 
brush. 
Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper). Intern., carmina- 
tive, stomachic; stimulant in gastric catarrh, indi- 
gestion, and tympany. C. 3 2-5 (10.-20.); H. 3 1-2% 
(5.-10.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 15-75 (1.-5.); D. gr. l%-2 
(0.1-0.2). Preparations: F. E. Capsicum. Dose: as 38 
capsicum. Tinctiira: H. 3 2-4 (8.-16.); C. JI (30.); 
Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); D. nt- 10-40 (1.-3.). Extern., 
rubefacient in sprains, stasis, pleurisy, etc. 
R 1 
Tincturae cantharidis 
Tinct. capsici 
Alcoholis aa. 10. 
M. Sig. For alopecia 
areata. 
R 2 
F. E. Capsici § i 
Spts. ammon. 
arom. 5 iii. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful in 
12 ounces lime- or soda- 
water thrice daily for 
a calf with scours. 
Carbo Ligni (Wood Charcoal). Absorbent and 
desiccant: alone, with boric acid, or air slaked lime. 
*Carbonei Disulphidum (Carbon Disulphid; CS2). 
Intern., anthelmintic for larvae of estrus equi (bots). 
Diet and give laxative on previous day; at 6 a. m. 
and at one-hour intervals give 3 2-3 in gelatin cap- 
sules until 4 doses have been given. Larvae are dis- 
charged in 24 hours. 
Carbolic Acid cf phenol. 
*Carlsbad Salts cf sodii sulphas, and Sal Caro- 
linum factitium. 
Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus Purshiana). Dried 
bark. Laxative in chronic constipation. Prep : Fluid- 
extractum Rhamni Purshianae. Dog, 3 (2.-10.). 
Castor Oil cf oleum ricini. 
*Cataplasma Kaolini N. F. ("Antiphlogistin"). 
Kaolin 57.5, glycerin 37.5, boric acid 4.5, thymol 0.5, 
ol. peppermint 0.5, methyl salicylate 2. Poultice for 
application of heat in pharyngitis, acute tendinitis, 
sprains, etc. 
* Catechu cf gambir which replaces catechu. 39 
*Catnip (Cataria). Antihysteric. Odor causes 
excitement in cats. 
*Caustic Balsam cf linimentum tiglii. 
Caustic Potash cf sodii hydroxidum. 
Cera Alba (White Wax). Cera Flava (Yellow 
Wax). 
Ceratum (Cerate). White wax 3, white petrol- 
atum 2, benzoinated lard 5. Used to increase solidity 
of ointments, protect normal skin from discharges, 
and protect abraded or irritable surfaces. 
Chloralum Hydratum (Chloral Hydrate). In- 
tern., narcotic and antispasmodic in colic, epilepsy, 
eclampsia, tenesmus in prolapsus uteri, etc.; sedative 
in nervous horses for minor operations and hobbles 
(curare effect on muscles); best antidote in strychnin 
poisoning; claimed to have no effect on action of 
arecolin or eserin. Narcosis per rectum for opera- 
tion: chloral 5 4, gum arabic 3 2, aqua destil. 3 
quarts. Sedative: H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 
3 1-2% (4.-10.); D. gr. 8-75 (0.5-5.). Administer in 
mucilaginous drink, or in bolus. Fatal dose: H. 3 
5-6. Extern., add to iodoform in pruritus. 
Chalk cf calcii carbonas. 
*Chloral Camphoratum N. F. Equal parts 
chloral and camphor; 30-60 grains to 1 5 water or 
petrolatum in pruritus. 
*Chloretone. Local anesthetic in painful wounds 
and burns. Saturated aqueous solution; 10% oint- 
ment; or 1-5% in starch as dusting-powder. 
Chloroformum. Intern., carminative with ol. ri- 
cini 1:10 in colic; narcotic in eclampsia and tetanic 
spasms (inhalation). H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & 40 
Sw. 3 1-2^ (4.-10); D. h],. 8-60 (0.5-4.). Narcosis per 
inhalation for operations on H. & C. (prolapsus uteri). 
Extern., rubefacient, combine with acetic acid for 
analgesic effect. See linimentum. 
B 1 
Chloroformi 5 i 
Syrupi 3 ii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
doses for eclampsia in 
dog. 
B 2 
Chloroformi 
01. olivae aa. 
M. Oleum Chloroform- 
um for orchitis. 
Chrysarobinum (Chrysarobin). Extern., eczema, 
ringworm. Ointment, or alcoholic solution 10%. 
Cinchona (Cinchona Bark). Used mainly for 
astringent effect of tannin, other drugs better. H. 
3 2%-6 (10.-25.); C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2% 
(5.-10.); D. gr. 30-75 (2.-5.). See quinina. 
Cocainae Hydrochloridum (Cocain). Extern., 
anesthetic on mucous membranes 5%; in eye-wash 
1%; per subcutis for circumscribed anesthesia 1-5% 
(do not exceed 3-5 grains). Diagnostic in lameness 
2-5%. Pruritus 1-10% ointment. 
B 1 
Cocainae hydrochlo- 
ridi gr. % 
Zinci oxidi 
01. olivae aa 5 iiss. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
Sig. Externally for dog. 
R 2 
Cocainae hydrochlo- 
ridi gr. iss 
Solut. adrenalin 
hydrochlor. 1:1000 Tr[. xv 
Aq. destil. 5 it 
M. Sig. Local anesthe- 
sia for subcutaneous 
use. 
Codeinae Sulphas (Codein). Anesthetic. Best 
cough remedy for dogs causing neither diarrhea nor 
constipation. D. gr. %-l (0.03-0.065). 41 
B 1 
Codeinae sul- 
phatis gr. iss 
Sodii bromidi 3 iiss 
Aq. destil. 5 iii. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful 
twice daily in nervous 
type of dog distemper. 
B 2 
Codeinae sulphatis gr. x 
Aq. amygd. amarae 3 v. 
M. Sig. 10 drops thrice 
daily for a dog with 
bronchitis. 
B 3 
Codeinae sul- 
phatis gr. ivss 
Syrupi althaeae 3 iiss 
Aquae destil. 5 v. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful every three hours for a dog with 
a cough. 
CoIlodium Flexile (Collodion). Extern., protective 
for fissures and abrasions (teats). Use alone or 
combine with antiseptics, astringents, etc. First dry 
the part with alcohol. Useful to retain small cotton 
packs, or protect small sutured wounds. 
*Collargol cf argenti colloidale. 
Colocynthis (Colocynth). Drastic cathartic, 
poison and uncertain in horse and sheep. Sw. 3 2 
(8.); D. gr. 7V2-30 (0.5-2.). 
Copaiba (Copaiva; Balsam Copaiba). Yellowish- 
brown viscid liquid. Intern., expectorant and diu- 
retic in bronchitis, dropsy, and cystitis. Action and 
use similar to turpentine. H. 3 2%-6 (10.-25.); C. 3 
1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. 3 1-2^ (5.-10.); Sw. 3 ^-1 (2.-4.); 
D. gr. 7^-30 (0.5-2.). 
Copper cf cupri. 
Corrosive Sublimate cf hydrargyrum chloridum 
corrosivum. 42 
Cottonseed Oil cf oleum gossypii seminis. 
*Creolinum (Creolin). See cresol. 25-50% cresol 
emulsion. Creolin-Pearson, Izal, Cresolin. Extern., 
disinfectant: wounds 2%; operations 1% (hemo- 
static); vagina and uterus %-l%; clyster %%; 
stable disinfectant 3%; eczema 10-20% spiritus, or 
2-10% ointment; otorrhea 1-2% alcoholic solution. 
Intern., intestinal antiseptic, antiferment, stomachic; 
useful in tympany, diarrhea, or rectal worms (%% 
clyster); %-l 3 daily in chronic gastro-intestinal ca- 
tarrh in H. & C.; calf diarrhea 5 1 in 5 8 cold water 
thrice daily; colic %-l 3 in capsules or emulsion. 
H. & C. 3 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. 
Hl- 8-30 (0.5-2.); Fowl, Hl- iy2-4 (0.1-0.25). Admin- 
ister in capsules, emulsion, or electuary. Inhalation 
in bronchitis; thin slightly with water and vaporize 
over a single burner oil stove, or throw hot bricks or 
irons into a 3-5% solution. 
H 1 
Creolini 5 iv 
Aq. com. O i. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
twice daily for diarrhea 
in pigs. 
B 2 
Creolini 
Alcoholis aa i 
Sapo mollis v. 
M. Sig. Frohner's creo- 
lin liniment for mange. 
Creosotum (Creosote). Guiacol 60% and cresol 
from wood. Intern., stimulant expectorant in bron- 
chitis, pneumonia, cough, putrefaction in bronchi; 
intestinal antiseptic. H. & C. 5 1-4 (5.-15.); Sh. & 
Sw. Hl. 15-30 (1.-2.); D. nv %-3 (0.05-0.2); Fowl, 
H[. 1/6-3/4 (0.01-0.05). Administer in capsule, bolus 
or electuary. Vermifuge in stomach-worms: lambs 
4-12 months 3 2-4 of 1% solution of coal-tar creosote; 
sheep 3 3-5. In drench. Lung-worms: creosoti 20, ol. 43 
olivae 100. M. Sig. Inject 5 cc. into the trachea in 
sheep and calves; repeat 3-4 times at 4-day intervals. 
Extern., pruritus and chronic eczema (10% oint- 
ment) ; hemostatic in parenchymatous hemorrhage 
(5% alcoholic or glycerin solution); antiseptic in 
thrush and scratches (5-10% alcoholic solution). 
B 1 
Creosoti 3 v 
Glycyrrhizae 
Althaeae aa 3 ii 
Aq. com. q.s. sat. 
M. Ft. pilulae No. iii. 
Sig. One daily for a 
horse with fetid bron- 
chitis (Frohner). 
B 2 
Hydrargyri chloridi 
corrosivi 2 
Creosoti 5 
Alcoholis dil. 
Glycerini aa 100. 
M. Sig. For heat erup- 
tion in a horse 
(Schlampp). 
Cresol (Pure Cresol; Cresylic Acid). Sol. in 60 
parts water. A mixture of cresols (meta, ortho, and 
para) freed from phenol, and water. Germicide. An- 
tiseptic. Deodorizer. About 3 times the strength of 
phenol but less toxic. Surgery 1%; mucous mem- 
branes %%; excreta 1%%; walls and clothing %-l%. 
★Tricresol. Compound of the 3 cresols, soluble in 
water. Liquor Cresolis Compositus. 50% pure cresol 
in linseed oil soap. Practically identical with lysol. 
★Crude Cresol (Crude Carbolic Acid). Preparations 
containing 25-50% cresols in emulsion: Creolin- 
Pearson, izal, cresolin. Preparations containing 25-50 
cresols in solution: lysol, bacterol, bacillol. 
Creta Praeparata cf calcii carbonas. 
*Cupri Oleas (Oleate of Copper). Indolent ul- 
cers, unhealthy granulations, mange in cats and dogs. 
10-20% ointment. 
Cupri Sulphas (Copper Sulphate; Blue Vitriol). 44 
Intern., astringent and vermifuge. H. & C. 3 %-3 
(2.-12.); D. gr. %-l% (0.05-0.1). Stomach-worms in 
sheep: make a 1% solution of clear-blue copper sul- 
phate crystals in water (10 grams to 1000 cc.), 
using a porcelain or enamel-ware dish. For lambs 
under one year administer orally, 1% fluid ounces (50 
cc.); for sheep past one year, 3% fluid ounces (100 
cc.). Extern., caustic in ulcers and fistulae (cones); 
antiseptic in granular conjunctivitis and ulcerative 
cornea (1%); antiseptic in hoof-rot (10%). 
Dermatol cf bismuth subgallas. 
Digitalis (Foxglove). Dried Leaves. Cardiant 
in heart diseases (small daily doses every alternate 
week); cardiant and antipyretic in heart exhaustion 
(acute infectious diseases, pneumonia, bronchitis, 
azoturia, collapse); diuretic in cardiac dropsy only. 
Cardiant: H. & C. gr. 30-75 (2.-5.); D. gr. %-3 
(0.05-0.2); Cat, gr. %-l% (0.05-0.1); Fowl, gr. 14-% 
(0.016-0.05). Action in about 12 hours after adminis- 
tration. Antipyretic: H. & C. 5 1-2% (5.-10.); D. 
gr. 3-7% (0.2-0.5); Cat, gr. l%-3 (0.1-0.2). Minimum 
fatal dose in horse: 3 1 (25.) at one dose, or divided 
during three days, cumulative (Frohner). Prepara- 
tions: Tinctura Digitalis. Dose: 5 times the leaves. 
Fluidextractum Digitalis. Dose: as leaves. Infusum 
Digitalis (1:67). Used mainly for diuretic effect. 
H. & C. 5 2-6 (60.-180.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (15.-30.); 
D. til 5-30 (0.3-2.). *Digitalinum Germanicum 
(Purum). Mixture of glucocids made from seeds. 
50-60% digitonin. Soluble in water. Dose: H. & C. 
gr. %-% (0.016-0.03); Sh. gr. 1/30-1/10 (0.002-0.006); 
D. gr. 1/60-1/30 (0.001-0.002). Per subcutis, or vein 
See belladonna B 2. ' 45 
R 1 
Digitalis gr. xv 
Sacchari lactis 3 iss 
M. Ft. chartulae No. x. 
Sig. One powder daily 
for a dog with valvular 
disease. 
R 2 
Digitalis 3 iiss 
Althaeae et aquae q.s. 
boli No. i. 
Sig. For a horse with 
heart weakness in 
pneumonia. 
R 3 
Quininae sulphatis 3 iv 
Aquae 3 i 
Acidi sulphurici q.s. 
solve et adde 
F. E. digitalis 3 iv. 
M. Sig. One dram every 
2-3 hours for a horse. 
* Dion in cf morphin. 
*Diuretinum cf theobromina. 
Dover's Powder cf opium. 
Epsom Salts cf magnesii sulphas. 
Ergota (Ergot of Rye; Secale Cornutum). Ec- 
bolic to stimulate weak uterine contractions and pro- 
mote expulsion of fetus or fetal membranes; vaso- 
constrictor in internal hemorrhage. C. 3 6-8 (25.-32.); 
H. 3 4-6 (15.-25.); Sh. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); Sw. 3 %-l 
(2.-5.); D. gr. 7%-30 (0.5-2.). Preparations: Fluidex- 
tractum Ergotae. Most reliable form. Dose: as er- 
got. Extractum Ergotae. H. & C. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); 
D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). Per os; dosage per subcutis one- 
half the dose per mouth. *Ergotin. Unreliable. 
R 1 
Ergotae 3 iss 
Glycyrrhizae 3 vi 
M. Ft. chartulae No. x. 
Sig. Three weekly for 
a horse with heaves. 
R 2 
Veratrinae sulphatis 3.0 
Strychninae sulph. 2.0 
Ergotinin 0.1 
Glycerini 150.0. 
M. Vergotinine. 46 
Eserinum cf physostigminae. 
Ether cf aether. 
*Eucainum (Betaeucain). Uses and dosage as 
cocain. 
Eucalyptus. Dried leaves. Carminative. H. & C. 
5 2-3 (60.-100.). Preparations: Fluidextractum 
Eucalypti. Dose: as eucalyptus. Oleum Eucalypti. 
Intern., antiseptic and expectorant in chronic bron- 
chitis. H. & C. 3 1-4 (5.-15.); D. TTL- 5-10. Administer 
per os or inhalation several times daily. Extern., 
antiseptic, used against flies (ointment, or oil 
1:5-10). Eucalyptol. Action and uses as oil. See 
menthol. 
*Euphorbium. Active vesicant (1:10-15). Cau- 
tion! Usually combined with cantharides. 
Fei Bovis (Oxgall). Cholagogue. 
Fennel cf foeniculum. 
Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus. 15% ferrous car- 
bonate. Anemia in dogs, gr. 3-30 (0.2-2.). 
Ferri Chloridum (Ferric Chlorid; Sesquichlorid 
or Perchlorid of Iron). 22% metallic iron. Prepara- 
tions: Liquor Ferri Chtoridi (29%). Tinctura Ferri 
Chloridi (13%). Extern., styptic on wounds and 
mucous membranes (1-5%); astringent in chronic 
pharyngitis and laryngitis (%-l%). Intern., tonic in 
anemia. H. & C. 3 %-l (2.-5.); D. %. 2-8 (0.1-0.5). 
Ferri et Ammonii Citras. 15% metallic iron. 
Mild, non-astringent and soluble. Hematinic in 
anemia in dogs, gr. 2-15 (0.13-1.). 
*Ferri Hydroxidum (Ferric Hydroxid; Fe(OH)3). 
Arsenic Antidote. Precipitated from any liquid prep- 47 
aration of iron by adding an alkali (ammonia or 
sodium carbonate). Dose: as ferri hydroxidum cum 
magnesii oxido. 
Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido (Ferric 
Hydroxid with Magnesium Oxid). Brown suspension. 
Arsenic Antidote. Prepare fresh from A: liquor ferri 
tersulphatis 40, water 125., and B. magnesia 10, water 
800. Shake B, add A and shake. H. & CJ 8 (250.); 
Sh. & Sw. g 4 (125.); D. 3 4 (15.); Cat and Fowl 3 1 
(4.). Repeat every 15 minutes. 
Ferri Sulphas (Green Vitriol; Copperas). In- 
tern., styptic and weak antiseptic in diarrhea; hema- 
tinic in anemia. Tonic: H. & C. gr. 30-75 (2.-5.); Sh. 
& Sw. gr. 8-15 (0.5-1.); D. gr. %-3 (0.05-0.2); Cat, gr. 
1/6-1/3 (0.01-0.02). Styptic: H. & C. 3 2^-6 (10.25.); 
D. gr. iy2-8 (0.1-0.5). 
Ferrum Reductum (Reduced Iron). Greyish in- 
soluble powder. Intern., hematinic. Daily dose: 
H. & C. 3 2-4. 
R 1 
Ferri reducti 3 v 
Sal Carolini fac- 
titii 3 viii 
Nucis vomicae 3 it 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful in each feed for a horse with 
anemia. 
Fibrolysin. A solution of thiosinamine and so- 
dium salicylate. It is claimed that injections break 
up fibrous tissue. 
Filix Mas cf aspidium. 
Formalin (Liquor Formaldehydi U. 8. P.). 40% 
aqueous solution of formaldehyd gas. Caustic and 48 
antiseptic. Bandage in canker (25-100%); apply to 
thrush (10-50%); very useful in verrucose dermatitis 
(grease-heel) in 0.25% solution under bandage, re- 
new and curette daily. One ounce daily in capsule, 
milk, or liq. petrolatum for mastitis in cows (Frost). 
1:25000 in milk to prevent bowel catarrh in calves; 
15 drops to a pint of milk or water as treatment. 
Instruments 1-2%, or vapor of paraform tablet; ex- 
creta 5%; preservative 1 : 20,000 to 30,000. Stable 
disinfection: 1%% solution for walls; 20 oz. forma- 
lin to 16 oz. permananate of potash per 1000 cu. ft. 
for vaporization. Use on tissues not to be prolonged. 
B 1 
Liq. formaldehydi 1-3 
Petrolati ' 50 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli aa 24. 
M. Pasta (Schindelka). 
B 2 
Formalin * 1 
01. olivae 10. 
M. Sig. for pruritus 
(Joseph). 
B 3 
Formalin 10 
Alcohol 40 
Sulphur iodid 
and oil 50. 
M. Sig. For pruritus. 
Form in cf hexamethylenamine. 
Fowler's Solution cf arseni trioxidi. 
Galla (Nutgall; Gall). 30-60% tannic acid, cf 
tannic acid. 
Gambir (Krameria; Kino). Use: as aciduni tan- 
nicum. Dose: double tannic acid. 
Gamboge cf cambogia. 49 
♦Gasolene. Intern., in stomach-worm disease and 
lung-worm disease in sheep and cattle. Dose: Lambs, 
3 2; Sheep and Calves 3 4; Yearling steers 3 1. Ad- 
minister in milk, oil, linseed water (demulcent) in 
the form of a drench. Repeat daily to twice weekly 
as indicated; less efficient than other vermifuges. 
Extern., cleansing agent on the skin, action in gen- 
eral like that of aether. 
Gelsemium (Yellow Jasmine). Action similar to 
conium, of doubtful value. 
Gentiana (Gentian). Dried rhizome and root. 
Very useful stomachic in indigestion, debility, and 
convalescence. C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); H. 3 3-6 (12.-25.); 
Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. gr. 7%-30 (0.5-2.). 
Preparations: Fluidextractum Gentinae. Dose: as 
root. Tinctura Gentianae Compositae. H. & C. ? 1-4 
(30.-120.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (15.-30.); D. 3 1-4 (4.-15.), 
or th.. 5-10 several times daily. 
H 1 
Sal Carolini fac- 
titii 5 xvi 
Nucis vomicae 
Gentianae aa 5 viii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful doses in each feed as a tonic 
for horse or cow. 
Ginger cf zingiber. 
*Glonoin cf spiritus glycerylis nitratis. 
Glauber's Salt cf sodii sulphas. 
Glycerinum (Glycerin; Glycerol). Extern., pro- 
tective emollient in skin diseases; softens scabs and 
crusts; combine with starch or lead preparations in 50 
wounds and burns. Solvent for drugs: sublimate, 
iodin, alkaloids, tannin. Clysters induce mild peri- 
stalsis (H. & C. 5 4-6; D. 3 4-8 undiluted). See cata- 
plasma kaolini. 
B 1 
Liq. plumbi sub- 
acetatis 5 iv 
Glycerini 5 ii. 
M. Sig. For scratches 
and moist eczema. 
R 2 
Glycerini 
Tinct. iodi 
Phenolis aa 10 
M. Sig. Apply to 
scratches in severe in- 
fection. 
*Glycerylis Nitras cf spiritus glycerylis nitratis. 
Glycyrrhiza (Licorice Root). Intern., protectant 
demulcent; expectorant in cough; improves taste of 
powders; adhesive in pills. H. & C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); 
Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. gr. 7%-30 (0.5-2.) 
Prep: Mistura Glycyrrhizae Compositus. Ext. of 
licorice 3, syrup 5, acacia 3, paregoric 12, wine of 
antimony 6, spirit of nitrous ether 3, water to make 
100. 
Goulard's Extract cf plumbi acetas. 
Grindelia. Stimulant expectorant and sedative in 
bronchitis of heaves; suppresses nervous roaring in 
the horse. Preparation : Fluidextract uni Grindeliae. 
H. & C. 5 4-8 (15.-30.); D. Hl- 15-30 (1.-2.). 
Guaiacol. Use and dose as creosotum. 
Gum Arabic cf acacia. 
^Haarlem Oil cf ol. lini sulphuratum terebin- 
thina. 
Hashish cf cannabis. 51 
Hellebore cf veratrum. 
Henbane cf hyoscyamus. 
* Heroin urn cf morphinae sulphas. 
Hexamethylenamina (Urotropin. Formin). Crys- 
tals. Soluble in 1.3 parts water. Intern., antiseptic. 
More powerful than any other remedy in ridding 
urine of bacteria (Stevens). Recommended for mas- 
titis. Has no antiseptic effect in an alkaline media. 
H. & C. 3 I-21/2 (5.-10.) thrice daily; D. gr. 7%-15 (0.5- 
1.) well diluted. 
Homatropinae Hydrobromidum (Homatropin). 
Mydriatic. Use: as atropin; effect more transient 
(1-2 days); expensive. 
Honey cf mel. 
Hoof Cement. Combine 1 part gum ammoniac 
with 2 parts gutta under heat (Defay). 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Corrosive 
Sublimate; HgCl2). Extern.: Caustic: paste (1:1-5 
acacia and water); caustic solution (1:3-10 alcohol); 
caustic collodion (1 : 10); caustic ointment (1 : 1-10); 
caustic bougies (sublimate 5, acacia 5, aqua 9, rolled 
around a dried gut). Antiseptic in wounds, 1:1000 
aqueous solution; otorrhea, 1 : 1000 alcoholic solution; 
ringworm 1 : 100-200 alcoholic solution; eye-wash, 
uterus, etc., 1 : 5000 aqueous solution (irritant); skin, 
1 : 500-1000. Add equal parts citric or tartaric acid to 
prevent formation of insoluble albumenates. Stable 
Disinfectant: 1 : 500-1000. Intern., tonic. H. & C. gr. 
1^-3 (0.1-0.2); Sh. & Sw. gr. 1/6-1/3 (0.01-0.02); D. 
gr. 1/12-1/6 (0.005-0.01). Lethal dose: H. & C. 3 1-2 
(4.-8.). Cows most susceptible. 52 
B 1 
Hydrargyri chloridi 
corrosivi 3 iv 
Acidi hydrochlor. 
(cone.) 3 iss 
Alcoholis 5 vii 
M. et ad. alco- 
holis 5xxxvi 
Olei terebin- 
thinae 3 vi 
Camphorae 3 iv. 
M. Sig. Apply once 
daily with tooth brush 
for spavin. 
B 2 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi corrosivi gr.ii-v 
lodi 
Glycerini aa 3 i 
Alcoholis q.s. ' i. 
M. Sig. Apply every 
second day for spavin. 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (Calomel; HgCl2). 
Intern., cathartic (dog, cat); intestinal antiseptic 
(dog distemper, influenza, purpura, diarrhea in 
young); diuretic (cardiac edema). H. 3 l%-2 (6.-8.): 
C. gr. 15.-75. (1.-5.); Sh. gr. 4-7% (0.25-0.5); Sw. gr. 
15-60 (1.-4.); D. gr. %-l% (0.03-0.1); Cat, gr. 1/6-3/4 
(0.01-0.05). Extern., antiseptic and desiccant in moist 
eczema, foot-rot, scratches, etc. 
B 1 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite 3 i 
Althaeae 5 iii- 
Aq. com. q.s. electuar. 
M. Sig. For a horse 
with influenza (Froh- 
ner). 
B 2 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite gr. % 
Opii gr. iss 
Sacchari lactis gr. viii. 
M. Ft. pulv. 
Sig. For a dog with en- 
teritis (Frohner). 
B 3 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite gr. iii 
Sacchari lactis gr. viii. 
M. Sig. For a dog with 
impaction. 
Hydrargyri lodidum Rubrum (Red Mercuric 
lodid; Biniodid of Mercury; Hgl2). Extern., blister 
(1:3-5); antiseptic (1:10,000-20,000). Soluble in 53 
potassium iodid solutions. See cantharides and anti- 
periostin. 
R 1 
Hydrargyri iodi 
rubri 30 
Tincturae can- 
tharidis 100 
Potassii iodi 10. 
Rub in thoroughly for spavins, ringbone, chronic 
tendinitis, etc. 
Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum (Yellow Mercuric 
Oxid; Yellow Precipitate; HgO). Extern., antiseptic 
ointment in wounds and bruises (1 : 4-8); eye-salve 
(1 : 30-50) in leucoma (turbidity of the cornea). 
Prep: Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi (10%). 
Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (Red Mercuric Ox- 
id). Uses and preparations as yellow oxid. 
Hydrargyrum (Mercury; Quicksilver; Hg.). 
Prep: Unguentum Hydrargyri (50%). Unguentum 
Hydrargyri Dilutum (Blue Oint.) 33^%. Antipara- 
sitic against lice, apply only to parts that cannot be 
licked; absorbent in arthritis, tendinitis, etc. Do not 
use around cattle, frequent cause of poisoning. 
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum (Ammoniated Mer- 
cury; White Precipitate; HgNH2Cl). Extern., anti- 
septic ointment in parasitic skin diseases and 
chronic eczema, ringworm, harness eczema (1 :8-10); 
eye-salve (1:10-20). Prep: Unguentum Hydrargyri 
Ammoniati (10%). 
Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum. Soluble in 0.3 
parts water. Intern., endometritis in cows to stimu- 
late uterine contractions (gr. 4 per subcutis); inter- 
nal hemorrhage; epilepsy. D. gr. 1/6-1/3 (0.01-0.02), 
or ^-1 cc. of a 10% solution per subcutis. 54 
Hyoscyamus (Henbane). 0.08% alkaloids (hyos- 
cin and a little hyoscyamin). Intern., as belladonna. 
H. & C. 3 1-3 (30.-90.); D. gr. 8-60 (0.5-4.). Prepara- 
tions: Tinctura Hyoscyami. H. & C. 5 1-3 (30.-90.); 
Sh. & Sw. 3 2-4 (8.-15.); D. 3 1-2 (4.-8.). Fluidcx- 
tractum Hyoscyami. H. & C. 3 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & 
Sw. 3 %-l (2.-4.); D. TT[. 5-15 (0.3-1.). Hyoscinae 
Hydrobromidum (Hyoscin; Scopolamin). Heart 
stimulant (paralysis of vagus); decreases sweat and 
salivation; mydriatic (1 : 500). Antidote in chloro- 
form poisoning. Narcotic effect in animals doubtful 
(Frbhner). Use caution against overdosage. H. & C. 
gr. 1/6-1/3 (0.01-0.02); D. gr. 1/24-1/12 (0.0025-0.005). 
*lchtharganum (Ichthargan; Silver Ichthyol). 
30% silver. Soluble. Extern., as silver nitrate; 5% 
ointment in infectious vaginitis. Intern., purpura 
(15 grains in 1-2 5 water thrice daily per vein); diar- 
rhea in foals (15 grains daily in opium and tanno- 
form). 
*lchthyolum (Ichthyol). 15% sulphur. Extern., 
resorbent in arthritis, tendinitis, contusions, mastitis 
(25-50% lanolin ointment), 10% lotion or ointment in 
eczema. Intern., purpura, gastro-intestinal catarrh, 
dog distemper. Dose: H. § 2 (60.) daily; D. 5 1 (4.). 
Indian Hemp cf cannabis. 
Infusa cf pg. 10. 
*lodipin (Iodized Sesame Oil). 10-25% iodin; 
non-toxic substitute for iodin. Intern., tetanus (5 1 
daily of 25% solution), purpura, actinomycosis, 
heaves, azoturia, pneumonia. H. 5 1-2 (30.-60.) of 
25% per os, or subcutis. D. 3 1-3 (4.-12.) in goitre, 
asthma, or distemper. Extern., suppurations, flstulae, 
ulcers. 55 
*lodoformogen. Odorless mixture of iodoform 
and albumen. 
lodoformum (Iodoform). Extern., antiseptic in 
wounds and ulcers. Use alone or combine with acid 
boric, tannin, etc. (1:3); ether 1 : 10; collodion 
1 : 10-15; ointment 1 : 5-10. 
*lodolum. Substitute for iodoform. 
lodum (lodin). Extern., parasiticide, antiseptic, 
counter-irritant. Use in form of tinct., ointment 
(1 : 5-15), petrox mixtures, iodipin, or Lugol's solu- 
tion. Preparations: Liquor Iodi Composites (Lugol's 
Solution). lodin 5, potassium iodid 10, aqua 100. In- 
traglandular injection in goitre. Tinctura Iodi 
(Tincture of lodin). 
*lodothyrin cf glandulae. 
R 1 
lodi 
Camphorae 
Potassii iodi aa 3 ii 
Alcoholis 5 iv. 
M. Sig. Apply daily on wind-puffs, chronic tendinitis, 
etc. 
Ipecacuanha (Ipecac). 2% alkaloids (emetin, 
cephalin, psychotrin). Intern., sedative expectorant 
in acute bronchitis; emetic (swine, cat, dog); dia- 
phoretic in the beginning of acute respiratory dis- 
eases. Emetic: Sw. & D. gr. 15-45 (1.-3.); Cat, gr. 
4-12 (0.25-0.75). Expectorant: H. & C. 3 1-2% 
(5-10.); D. gr. 1/6-3/4 (0.01-0.05); Sw. gr. l%-4 
(0.1-0.3); Cat, gr. 1/6 (0.01.). Preparations: Pulvis 
Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Dover's Powder). Gastro-intes- 
tinal catarrh or bronchitis in dogs. D. gr. 4%-30 
(0.3-2). Vinum Ipecacuanhae. Expectorant in dogs 
nt. 5-10; emetic, 3 1-2. 56 
B 1 
Vini ipecacuan- 
hae 3 iiss 
Potassii citratis 3 iii 
Tinct. opii camphor- 
atae 
Syrupi aa 5 i 
Aquae q.s. 5 vi. 
M. Sig. 30 drops every 
3 hours as expectorant 
in dog. 
B 2 
Ipecacuanhae gr. iii 
Sodii bicarbon- 
atis gr. xxiv 
Sacchari lactis 3 iss. 
M. Ft. chartulae No. vi. 
Sig. Two powders daily 
in beginning dog dis- 
temper. 
Jalapa (Jalap). Intern., cathartic in small doses 
in dropsical effusions, combine with saline or calomel. 
Dose: cathartic; Sw. 5 1-3 (4.-12.); D. gr. 7%-60 
(0.5-4.). 
Iron cf ferri. 
Jamestown Weed cf stramonium. 
Jasmine cf gelsemium. 
*Juniperus (Juniper). Intern., diuretic, stom- 
achic, stimulant expectorant in bronchitis, car- 
minative. H. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); C. 5 2-3 (60.-90.); Sh. 
3 1-5 (5.-20.); D. gr. 15-60 (1.-4.). See B 3 pg. 9. 
Prep: Oleum J uniperi. Uses: as oleum terebin- 
thinae. 
* Kamala. Drastic taeniacide; action in 5 hours. 
Lambs 5 1 (4.); Sw. & D. 5 %-2 (2.-8.). Administer 
with milk, honey, or syrup; through stomach-tube in 
dog and cat. B 6 pg. 9; cf areca B 2. 
*Kaolinum N. F. (Kaolin; Fuller's Earth; Alu- 
minum Silicate). Protectant on wounds and skin in 
powder, paste, or ointment. See cataplasma kaolini. 
Kino cf gambir. 
Lanolin cf adeps lanae hydrosus. 
Lard cf adeps. 57 
Laudanum cf opii tinct. 
Lead cf plumbi. 
Licorice Root cf glycyrrhiza. 
Lime cf calx. 
Lime Water cf calx. 
*Linimentum Aconiti et Chloroformi N.F. F. E. 
Aconite 4%, alcohol 8, chloroform 12^, soap lini- 
ment 75. 
Linimentum Ammoniae. Ammonia water 25, 
sesame oil 75. B 1-Aq. ammon. fort. 1, ol. tereb. 1, 
aqua 1, ol. lini 4-6. B 2-Aq. ammon. fort. 1, ol. 
lini 5-10. B 3-Aq. ammon. fort. 1, linimentum sa- 
ponis 4 (pharyngitis, etc.). B 4-Aq. ammon. 30, 
camphorated oil 70. B 5-Aq. ammon. 1, chloroform 
1, cottonseed oil 4. 
Linimentum Belladonnae. Camphor 5, F. E. 
belladonna root to 100. B 1-F. E. belladonna 10, 
alcohol 10, camphor 5. B 2-Extract belladonna 1, 
petrolati 4, camphor %. B 3-Extract belladonna 1, 
glycerin 1. 
Linimentum Calcis. Lime water 50, ol. lini 50. 
Linimentum Camphorae (Camphorated Oil). 
Camphor 2, cottonseed oil 8. *Linimentum Saponato- 
Camphoratum N.F. (Opodeldoc). Monobromated so- 
dium carbonate 10, stearic acid 50, water 100, cam- 
phor 25, oil of thyme 3, oil of rosemary 6, ammonia 
water 50, alcohol to make 1000. British Pharmaco- 
poeia: aq. ammon. fort. 10, camphor 5, lavender 0.25, 
alcohol to 40. Hertwig: sapo mollis 4, camphor 1, al- 
cohol 8, aqua ammon. 2. 
*Linimentum Cantharidis. Cantharides 15, ol. 
tereb. to 100; digest over water-bath 3 hours, strain, 
add oil turpentine to make 100 cc. 58 
Linimentum Chloroformi. Chloroform 30, soap 
liniment 70. B.P.: camphor liniment (1 : 3) 1, chloro- 
form 1. 
♦Linimentum Exsiccans (Pick). Tragacanth 5, 
glycerin 2, water 100. Protectant in painful skin 
diseases. 
B 1 
Linimenti exsiccans 95 
Picis liquidae 5. 
M. 
Linimentum Saponis (Soap Liniment). Green 
soap 60, camphor 45, ol. rosemary 10, alcohol 700, wa- 
ter to make 1000. 
*Linimentum Sinapis B.P. 01. mustard 2, cam- 
phor 3, castor oil 7, alcohol 43. *Spiritus Sinapis. 
Ol. mustard 1, alcohol 10-15. Rubefacient in pneu- 
monia, pharyngitis, etc. 
Linimentum Terebinthinae. Rosin cerate 65, ol. 
turpentine 35. ^Linimentum Terebinthinae Acetum 
N.F. (Stokes Liniment). Ol. turpentine 100, one egg, 
Ol. lemon 4, acetic acid 20, rose water 85. R 1-Ol. 
terebinthinae 1, linimentum saponis 8. 
*Linimentum Tiglii N.F. Croton oil 4, cajuput 
oil 14, alcohol 14. *Linimentum Tiglii Compositum 
N.F. Croton oil 20, ol. sassafras 20, ol. turpentine 20, 
olive oil 40. *Caustic Balsam. Croton oil 8, linseed oil 
36, ol. turpentine 4, camphor 2, petrolatum 6, sul- 
phuric acid 0.5. 
Linum (Linseed Meal; Flaxseed Meal). Demul- 
cent in the form of linseed water (R 11, pg- 10) per 
os in gastro-enteritis, or as clysters in rectal irrita- 
tion ; useful vehicle in the administration of irritating 
drugs (creolin, ammonia). 59 
Liquor Acidi Arsenosi cf arseni trioxidum. 
*Liquor Alumini Acetatis N.F. Lead acetate 150, 
aluminum sulphate 85, water to make 1000. Intern., 
intestinal astringent in diarrhea. H. & C. 3 1-4 
(4.-15.) in water. Extern., wounds, moist and gan- 
grenous dermatitis. In 2-4% solution. Genito-uri- 
nary tract in 1-2% solution. 
B 1 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli 
Glycerini aa 20 
Liq. alum. acet. 
Aq. destil. aa 60. 
M. Sig. Shake before using (Schindelka). 
Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Spirit of Mindererus; 
Ammonium Acetate Solution). Ammonium carbon- 
ate 5, dilute acetic acid 100. Feeble diaphoretic and 
diuretic. Used in febrile diseases as vehicle for 
spirit of nitrous ether or aconite. H. & C. 2-6 
(60.-180.); Sh. & Sw. I %-l (15.-30.); D. 5 1-4 (4.-15.). 
*Liq. Ammon. Acetatis Concentratus. Three times 
the above strength. 
*Liquor Antisepticus N.F. Mild alcoholic solu- 
tion of boric acid, salicylates, etc. 
Liquor Calcis cf calx. 
*Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae cf sulphur sublima- 
tum. 
Liquor Cresolis Compositus (Compound Solution 
of Cresol). Cresol 500, linseed oil 300, potassium 
hydroxid 80, alcohol 30, water to make 1000. Or as 
follows: take of cresol 500 cc.; sapo mollis 612 gm.; 
mix, by aid of gentle heat, in water bath. Practi- 
cally identical with lysol. Germicidal value about 60 
50% greater than phenol. Stable disinfectant in 3-5% 
aqueous solution. Extern., wounds, skin, and hands 
1-2%. See cresol. 
Liquor Ferri Chloridi cf ferri chloridi. 
Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Solution of Ferric 
Sulphate) cf ferri hydroxidum cum magnesii oxido. 
Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Hydrogen Peroxid; 
H2O2). 3% solution. Extern., for cleansing fistulae, 
deep abscesses, filthy wounds, etc.; weak antiseptic. 
Do not inject into closed cavities. 
Liquor Potassii Arsenitis cf arseni trioxidum. 
Litharge (Lead Oxid) cf plumbi acetas. 
Lobelia. Motor depressant. Intern., antispas- 
modic in heaves and bronchitis; expectorant and dia- 
phoretic. H. & C. 5 1-8 (4.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 ^-2 
(2.-8.); D. gr. ^-20 (0.03-1.3). Preparations: Fluid- 
extractum Lobeliae. Dose: as lobelia. Tinctura Lo- 
beliae. H. & C. 5 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-3 
(4.-12.); D. HI. 3-30 (0.2-2.). 
Ki 
F.E. lobeliae 
F.E. stramonii aa 
Liquor potassii ar- 
senitis q.s. gviii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 2-3 times daily for a horse with 
heaves. 
Lugol's Solution cf iodin. 
Lunar Caustic cf argenti nitras. 
*Lysol. Practically identical with liquor cresolis 
compositus. See cresol and liq. cresolis compositus. 
Lycopodium. Protective dusting-powder. 
Magnesii Carbonas (Magnesium Carbonate). Al- 
kali in gastro-intestinal fermentation; antidote in 61 
poisoning with acid, arsenic, and metallic salts. In- 
soluble in water. H. & C. 3 2%-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. 
3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). 
Magnesii Oxidum (Magnesium Oxid; MgO). 
Arsenic Antidote. Intern., in poisoning with arsenic, 
acids, and metallic salts; antacid and mild laxative. 
H. & C. 3 21/2-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); 
D. gr. 3-15 (0.2-1.). Extern., protectant and desiccant 
on wounds. 
Magnesii Sulphas (Epsom Salt). Uses: as sodii 
sulphas. 
* Ma I Ie in. Bouillon containing products of growth 
of B. Mallei. Uses and action, Hutyra & Marek, Vol. 
I: "A very sensitive and reliable diagnostic agent. 
Inject 2 cc. per subcutis in horses with a normal tem- 
perature. Those affected with glanders show a sud- 
den rise of temperature in 4-8 hours that continues 
for 8-14, sometimes 16-30 hours, gradually returning 
to normal; chills are common between the sixth and 
eighth hours. Well animals do not react. A reaction 
is positive: A. When the temperature rises 3.6° F. 
or more, and above 104°; or B. When the tempera- 
ture rises 2.6°-3.5°, reaching 103°-103.8°, in addition 
to a marked organic reaction (increased pulse and 
respiration, chills, anorexia, depression, and a 
marked circumscribed inflammatory edematous 
swelling at the seat of injection). A reaction is 
doubtful: With a rise of 1.8°-3.5° and no signs of an 
organic reaction. A reaction is atypical: When the 
temperature stays up not more than 4-6 hours. A 
reaction is negative: With a rise of not more than 
1.8°; or when the temperature does not exceed 102.2°. 
Male Fern cf aspidium. 62 
A positive reaction indicates glanders. A doubtful 
or atypical reaction indicates 'suspected glanders,' 
when the animal should be retested in about 4 
weeks." The intradermal palpebral test has largely 
superseded the subcutaneous method, especially in 
the army. 
Mel (Honey). Used as an electuary or vehicle 
in giving medicine, useful in pharyngitis. 
Mandrake cf podophyllum. 
Menthol (Peppermint Camphor). Local anes- 
thetic and antiseptic in dusting-powders, ointments, 
or inhalants. Intern., antispasmodic, carminative, 
and analgesic in colic. H. gr. 7-15 (0.5-1.); D. gr. %-2 
(0.03-0.12). 
B 1 
Mentholis 
Eucalyptolis aa 3 i 
Alcoholis S ii 
Liq. cresolis 
comp. S v 
Aquae q.s. S viii. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. % ounce in hot 
water as inhalant in 
strangles. 
B 2 
Mentholis 3 i 
Alcoholis S i. 
M. Sig. For pruritus. 
B 3 
Ol. olivae 
Aq. calcis aa Si 
Mentholis 3 i. 
M. Sig. Apply to burns. 
B 4 
Mentholis 2.5 
Ol. olivae 7.5 
Petrolati q.s. 50.0. 
M. Menthol ointment 
(Joseph). 
B 5 
Mentholis 3-5 
Alcoholis q.s. 100. 
M. Spirits of menthol 
(Joseph). 
B 6 
Mentholis 2 
Amyli 120 
Talci 20. 
M. Sig. Menthol pow- 
der (Schindelka). 63 
Mercury cf hydrargyrum. 
Methylis Salicylas (Artificial Oil of Wintergreen). 
Yellowish liquid almost identical with ol. betulae and 
ol. gaultheria. Extern., antiseptic in ringworm and 
other skin diseases. Use with equal parts alcohol, or 
in oint. (1%). Intern., as aromatic oils, and salicylic 
acid. H. & C. 3 2-8 (8.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 ^-1 (2.-4.); 
D. til 5-15 (0.3-1.). 
B 1 
Methylis salicylatis 3 iv 
Lin. aconiti et chloroformi 3 iii. 
M. Sig. Rub in every 1-2 hours for rheumatism. 
*Mistura Contra Diarrhoeum. "Sun Cholera 
Cure": equal parts tinct. opii, tr. capsicum, tr. rhu- 
barb, tr. camphor, and tr. peppermint. Dose: 3 1-5 
(4.-20.) for dysentery in foals and calves. 
Morphinae Sulphas (Morphin Sulphate). Anes- 
thetic and hypnotic. Specific in eclampsia in bitches; 
useful in painful cough (see aqua amygdalae amarae). 
Action uncertain in cattle. Dose of more than 7 
grains dangerous in the horse (excitation of morphin 
poisoning). Do not combine with arecolin or eserin 
in colic. Not safe to combine with atropin (fatal 
impaction). Hypnotic in dogs (surgical operations). 
Hypnotic dose, dog: gr. 1/60 (young)-l/7 (old) per 
lb. body-weight. Sedative dose: H. & C. gr. 3-6 
(0.2-0.4); D. gr. %-l% (0.02-0.1) in aqueous solution 
of 1 : 25-50. *Heroinum (Diacetyl-morphin). Sedative 
in cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc.-see belladon- 
na. H. & C. gr. %-2 (0.03-0.13); Sh. & Sw. gr. 
(0.008-0.016); D. gr. 1/30-1/8 (0.002-0.008). Aethylmor- 
phinae Hydrochloridum (Dionin). Used to remove 
corneal opacities. Apply 10% sol., or the powder. 64 
B 1 
Heroini hydrochlo- 
ridi gr. viii 
F. E. hyoscyami 3 i 
Antimonii et potas- 
sii tartratis 5 iv 
Syrupi q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. ^-1 ounce for a 
horse with acute laryn- 
gitis or pharyngitis. 
B 2 
Heroini hydro- 
chlor. gr. viii 
F. E. belladonnae 3 i 
Ammonii chloridi 5 iii 
Syrupi q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. One ounce ev- 
ery two hours for a 
horse with cough. 
Myrrha (Myrrh). Gum-resin. Stimulating anti- 
septic on badly granulating wounds, as dusting- 
powder, or tincture. Prep: Tinctura Myrrhae. Often 
combined with equal parts tinct. aloes. 
Mustard cf sinapis. 
*Naphthalinum (Naphthalin; Tar Camphor). Ex- 
tern., antiseptic dusting-powder alone or combined 
with boric acid, alum, starch, talcum, etc. (1:10-20). 
In ointment (1:10-20); oil (1:3-5). Useful in wounds, 
parasitism (mange, ringworm), chronic eczema, 
pruritus, and against flies. Intern., gastro-intestinal 
catarrh (diarrhea in calves) and cystic catarrh; ex- 
pectorant in bronchitis. Overdosage causes hemo- 
globinuria and nephritis (5 1). Dose: H. & C. 3 1-2 
(4.-8.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-5.); D. gr. iy2-15 (0.1-1.). 
Administer in powder, pill, or electuary. 
Naphthol cf betanaphthol. 
Nitroglycerin cf spiritus. 
Nitrous Ether cf spiritus. 
*Novocain. Local anesthetic, soluble, non-irritat- 
ing. Use in 1-2% solution for infiltration, adrenalin 
assists action (novocain gr. 4; water 5 2-3; adrenalin 
1:1000 TT[. 5-10). Eye-operations in 5-10% solution. 
Nux Vomica. Seed of Strychnos Nux Vomica. 
1.25% strychnin. Spinal cord excitant in paresis of 
depression, exhaustion, chloroform or narcotic poison- 65 
ing; paralysis of motor nerves (facial, recurrent, in- 
continence, constipation); paralysis of sensory 
nerves (first stage of amaurosis). Contraindicated in 
lesions or inflammation of the cord. Circulatory 
stimulant: combine with alcohol or digitalis in acute 
heart weakness of acute diseases-pneumonia. 
Respiratory stimulant: chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, 
pulmonary edema. Stomachic: atony of the stomach 
or intestine (tincture). Cumulative: omit every third 
day when dosage is near maximum. H. & C. 3 ^-2 
(2.-8.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 10-20 (0.6-1.3); D. gr. 1-2 
(0.06-0.13). Preparations: Fluidextract am Nucis 
Vomicae. 1% strychnin. Dose: as nux vomica. 
Tinctura Nucis Vomicae. 0.1% strychnin. H. & C. 
3 1-6 (5.-25.); Sh. & Sw. n. 20-40 (1.3-2.6); D. fib 5-15 
(0.3-1.). Strychninae Sulphas (Strychnin Sulphate). 
Dose peros: H. & C. gr. %-l% (0.05-0.1); Sh. gr. 1/12 
(0.005); Sw. gr. 1/30-1/12 (0.002-0.005); D. gr. 
1/60-1/20 (0.001-0.003); Cat, gr. 1/120-1/60 (0.0005- 
0.001); Fowl, gr. 1/60-1/30 (0.001-0.002). Dose per 
subcutis: one-half that per os. Per trachea: one- 
fourth per os. Estimate 1/12-1/15 of a grain per 
subcutis for 100 pounds body-weight. See R 4, pg. 9, 
and Gentiana, pg. 49. Strychnin and arsenic solution: 
1. Arsenic trioxid gm. 5, acid hydrochloric dil. gm. 3, 
water to make 50 cc. 2. Water 980, acid hydrochlor, 
dil. 20, strychnin sulphate 10, heat. Combine equal 
parts of 1 and 2 for a one-half per cent, solution of 
each. 
B 1 
Strychninae sulphatis gr. vi 
Digitalini Germanic! gr. ix 
Atropinae sulphatis gr. ii 
Aquae q.s. 3 ii- 
M. Sig. 5 cc. per subcutis for a horse or cow with 
great circulatory depression. % cc. for a large dog. 66 
*Oleata. Solutions of metallic alkalies, or alka- 
loids in oleic acid. 
*Oleatum Cupri cf cupri. 
Oleoresina Aspidii cf aspidium. 
Oleum Anisi (Oil of Anise). Intern., carminative 
in spasmodic colic in dogs (1-5 drops). Extern., with 
alcohol or oil for lice on dogs (TTt- 10-20 : 3 3-4). A 
few drops under the wings of birds for mites, and 
lice (1:50-100 alcohol). 
Oleum Betulae (Oil of Sweet Birch). See methy- 
lis salicylas. 
Oleum Cadinum (Oil of Cade; Juniper Tar Oil). 
Action very similar to oil of tar. Stimulant antisep- 
tic in chronic eczema and other skin diseases (para- 
sitic). Ointment 1:3; or alcoholic solution %-l:L 
See sulphur sublimatum B 3. 
Oleum Chenopodii. A volatile oil obtained from 
American wormseed, and used as a substitute for 
thymol and santonin. Dose: Strongylidae in equines: 
fast 36 hours, administer 16-18 cc., follow with a quart 
of oil. Ascarids and hookworm in dogs: administer 
castor oil, fast 24 hours, give 0.1 cc. of chenopodium 
and chloroform per lb. of weight in an ounce of 
castor oil. Ascarids in swine: give an ounce of salts 
in the feed, fast 24 hours, administer 1 cc. of cheno- 
podium in an ounce of castor oil for pigs weighing 
from 25 to 60 lbs. 
Oleum Gaultheriae cf methylis salicylas. 
Oleum Gossypii Seminis (Cottonseed Oil). Uses: 
as oleum lini. 
Oleum Juniperi cf juniperus. 
Oleum Lini (Linseed Oil). Intern., protectant in 
gastro-enteritis and caustic poisons; mild laxative. 67 
H. & C. 3 8-32 (250.-1000.); Sh. & Sw. 3 1-4 (30.-120.); 
D. 3 1-3 (30.-90.). Extern., protectant in clysters; sol- 
vent in liniments and ointments; protective emollient 
allaying irritation in inflammatory skin diseases. 
B 1 
Ol. lini 
Liq. calcis aa. 
M. Carron oil for burns. 
Oleum Olivae (Olive Oil): uses as oleum lini. 
Oleum Pini (Oil of Pine Needles). This and 
various substitutes are used externally as mild dis- 
infectants and internally as anti-ferments in tym- 
pany. Dose: H. & C. 3 i-ii. 
Oleum Picis Liquidae Rectificatum cf pix liquida. 
Oleum Ricini (Castor Oil). Non-irritating ca- 
thartic in gastro-enteritis, dysentery, dog distemper, 
acute inflammatory conditions of the intestines. 
H. & C. 3 16-32 (500.-1000.); Sh. & Sw. 5 2-8 (50.-250.); 
D. 3 ¥2-1^ (15.-45.); Cat, 5 1-3 (5.-15.). Administra- 
tion: H. & C. with equal parts liquid petrolatum or 
2 oz. ether. Dog and cat in emulsion with 5-10 parts 
water, or peppermint water, or in gelatin capsules. 
Swine as electuary with glycyrrhiza or molasses. 
Oleum Rosmarini (Oil of Rosemary). Rubefa- 
cient in liniments and ointments (1:10-20). 
Oleum Santali (Oil of Sandalwood). Expectorant, 
antiseptic, and sedative in acute pharyngitis, bron- 
chitis, cystitis, etc. D. TR,. 15-20 in emulsion or capsule. 
Oleum Sesami. Used in linimentum ammoniae. 
Oleum Terebinthinae (Oil of Turpentine; Spirits 
of Turpentine). Volatile oil distilled from terebin- 
thina. Intern., carminative and antispasmodic in 
Oleum Sinapis Volatile cf sinapis. 68 
colic (per os, or rectum-% oz. in a quart of 
soapy water). Expectorant in subacute and chronic 
bronchitis and cystitis; hemostatic, circulatory stimu- 
lant and diuretic in purpura. Anthelmintic combined 
with oil. Deodorant in pulmonary gangrene. Daily 
dose: C. 3 1-10 (25.-250.); H. 5 %-3 (10.-100.); Sh. & 
Sw. 3 1-6 (5.-25.); D. 1^. 3-30 (0.2-2.); Cat, 1^. %-4 
(0.05-0.25). Administration: oil, emulsion, capsule, 
electuary, inhalation (1-5% aqueous sol.), intra- 
tracheal injection (lung worms 1:1-10 of oil). Extern., 
rubefacient in pneumonia, pleurisy, enteritis, stag- 
nation edema, phlegmon. Preparations : Linimen- 
tum Terebinthinae 35%. Terebenum. Colorless liquid. 
Uses: as ol. turpentine. Very useful in bronchitis. 
H. 3 1-2 (4.-8.). Terpini Hydras. White crystals. 
Uses: as terebene (weaker). H. 3 %-l (2.-4.). 
B 1 
Terebeni 
Eucalyptolis aa B ii 
Syrupi q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. One ounce every 
two hours for a horse; 
15-30 drops for a dog. 
B 2 
01. terebinthinae 5 iiss 
Acaciae 5 v 
Aquae 3 x. 
M. Ft. emulsio. 
Sig. Tablespoonful thrice 
daily for a dog (Frbh- 
ner). 
H 3 
01. terebinthinae 
Ol. pini 
Petrolati liq. aa. 
M. Sig. One ounce every 
one to two hours in 
acute indigestion or 
colic. 
Oleum Theobromatis (Cacao Butter). Used in 
suppositories, ointments and pills (areca nut). 
Oleum Tiglii (Croton Oil). Yellow liquid. Sol- 
uble in absolute alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils. 69 
Intern., drastic purgative in chronic constipation and 
impaction in cows; strength increases with age; 
contraindicated in enteritis and weakness. H. %. 
10-20; C. TR. 15-30; Sh. & Sw. HL 5-10; D. ifl.. 1-5; 
Cat, HL ^-l. Administer in castor oil or mucila- 
ginous liquid. Extern., rubefacient: 10 drops in 1-2 
oz. oil turpentine, olive oil, or lard. See linimentum 
tiglii for Caustic Balsam. 
B 1 
Ol. tiglii til xv 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite 3 i 
Ol. ricini O i. 
M. Sig. Shake and give 
to a horse with impac- 
tion. 
U 2 
Ol. tiglii gr. % 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite gr. ivss 
Sacchari lactis 3 ii. 
M. Ft. chartulae No. v. 
Sig. One powder for a 
dog every 3 hours until 
evacuations are abun- 
dant. 
Opii Pulvis (Powdered Opium). 12-15% morphin. 
Intern., analgesic in pleurisy, peritonitis, etc.; anti- 
spasmodic in peripheral irritation (cough); checks 
excessive secretions and suppresses peristalsis in 
acute inflammatory affections of the bowel after re- 
moval of the irritant (intestinal catarrh, enteritis, 
dysentery); diaphoretic in early stages of distemper 
and influenza (Dover's Powder). H. 3 1-5 (5.-20.); C. 
3 21/2-6 (10.-25.); Sh„ Sw„ Foals, and Calves, gr. 
15-45 (1.-3.); D. gr. 2-8 (0.1-0.5); Cat, gr. %-3 
(0.05-0.2). Preparations : Tinctura Opii (Laudanum). 
10% opium. Dose: H. & C. 3 %-2 (15.-60.); Calves 
and Foals 3 1-5 (5.-20.) 2-3 times daily for dysentery. 
Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Dover's Powder). 
Ipecac 10, powdered opium 10, sugar of milk 80. 
H. & C. 3 ^-1 (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-4.); D. gr. 
5-10 (0.3-0.6). See morphina and mistura. 70 
R 1 
Opii 3 iiss 
Sodii bicarbonatis 3 iii 
Sodii chloridi 3 vi. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
thrice daily for a horse 
or cow with acute intes- 
tinal catarrh and diar- 
rhea. Teaspoonful thrice 
daily to a sow for diar- 
rhea in suckling pigs 
(v.k.) 
R 2 
Opii 3 ii 
Hydrargyri chlo- 
ridi mite 3 i. 
Althaeae q.s. massa. 
M. Ft. bolus. 
Sig. For a horse with 
acute intestinal ca- 
tarrh (influenza). 
R 3 
Opii 
Rhei aa 3 iss 
M. Ft. chartulae No. iii. 
Sig. One powder daily 
in mucilaginous drink 
for a calf with diarrhea. 
R 4 
Tincturae opii 3 i 
Acidi tannici gr. xxx 
Spiritus frumenti 3 i. 
M. Sig. Give to a foal 
in 8 ounces linseed meal 
water. 
R 5 
Opii 3 i 
Althaeae 3 v. 
M. Ft. chart. No. iv. 
Sig. One every 3 hours 
for a foal (Frohner). 
R 6 
Opii gr. xxx 
Magnesii carbon- 
atis 3 i 
Rhei 3 iiss. 
M. Sig. For a calf with 
diarrhea, repeat once 
(rfertwig). 
*Opodeldoc cf linimentum camphorae. 
Pepsinum (Pepsin). Yellowish-white powder; 
ferment obtained from glandular layer of fresh 
stomach of pig. Digestant, less efficient than pan- 
creatin, and both are inferior to dilute hydrochloric 
acid and bitters (Stevens). D. gr. 5-10 (0.3-1.3). 
Petrolatum (Paraffin; Cosmolin; Vaselin). Pro- 
tectant and emollient; substitute for animal and 
vegetable fats in ointments; less penetrating than 
Peroxide cf liquor hydrogenii peroxid. 71 
lard. Forms: Petrolatum (white) ; Petrolatum Liqui- 
dum (Liquid). 
* Petrox cf petroxolinum. 
♦Petroxolinum Liquidum N.F. (Liquid Petrox). 
Very similar to vasogen. Liquid petrolatum 50, 
oleic acid 28, oil of lavender 2, stronger ammonia 
water 5, alcohol 15. Penetrating solvent of iodin, 
salicylic acid, tar, etc. Forms permanent emulsion 
with water. Combine with camphor or chloroform 
equal parts; creolin (50%); ichthyol, iodin, creosote, 
betanaphthol, salicylic acid (10%) creosote, tar, tur- 
pentine, eucalyptol (25%); camphor, quicksilver 
(33 1/3%); iodin, iodoform, sulphur, thiol (5%); 
menthol, pyoktanin (2%). 
Petroxolinum Spissum N.F. (Solid Petrox). Val- 
uable base for ointments (Hydrargyrum 50%). 
Phenacetin cf acetphenetidinum. 
Phenol (Carbolic Acid). Colorless needle-shaped 
crystals, reddish on exposure to light. Soluble in 20 
parts water. Extern., disinfectant in badly suppu- 
rating ulcers and fistulae (inject phenol liquefactum 
followed in 1-2 minutes with alcohol); local sedative 
and antipruritic in eczema and pruritus (5 2-3:pint 
1); antiseptic compress 5%; subcutaneous and paren- 
chymatous injection in acute phlegmon (2%). In- 
tern., tetanus: 10 cc. of 2-3% solution several times 
daily; bandage the region of the wound with 3-5% 
solution; give clysters of 1-2% solution; efficiency 
doubtful. Antiferment, antiseptic, and analgesic in 
tympany, indigestion, and diarrhea. H. & C. 5 1-2% 
(5.-10.); Sh„ Sw„ and D. gr. %-3 (0.05-0.2). Admin- 
ister in emulsion (milk, oil, mucilaginous drink), or 
capsule. Stable disinfectant: 3-5% aqueous solution 
(less active in whitewash); or mix with whitewash, 72 
or chlorinated lime solution to a 5% strength; or mix 
with equal parts crude sulphuric acid and use in 
2% to 5% aqueous solution (very active). Prepara- 
tions : Phenol Liquefactum 80.4% ; Glyceritum Phenolis 
20% ; Unguentum Phenolis 3%. 
B 1 
Phenolis 3 ii-iii 
Acidi borici 3 iv 
Alcoholis 5 i 
Glycerini 5 ss 
Aquae q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. For eczema and 
pruritus (Stevens). 
B 2 
Phenolis 
Tinct. iodi aa 3 iii 
Aquae q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. For dry eczema. 
Phenolsulphonates cf sodii and zinci phenolsul- 
phonas. 
Phenylis Salicylas (Salol). White powd. Soluble 
in 5 parts alcohol, readily in oils. Intern., intestinal 
antiseptic in bowel catarrh or fermentation, cystitis. 
Daily dose: H. & C. 3 2-3 (60.-90.); Sh. & Sw. 3 2% 
(10.); D. gr. 15-60 (1.-4.). See bismuthi subnitras B 1. 
B 1 
Phenylis salicylatis 3 iss 
Decocti uvae ursi 3 vi. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful thrice daily for a dog with 
cystitis. 
Phosphorus. Yellowish waxy material, 99.5% 
phosphorus. Soluble in oils. Intern., nerve tonic; 
used in rachitis and osteomalacia (efficiency doubt- 
ful) ; promotes callus formation in fractures. H. & C. 
gr. 1/6-3/4 (0.01-0.05); D. gr. 1/120-1/32 (0.0005-0.002). 
Administer in solution of oil. Prep: Pilulae Phos- 
phori (1/100 gr.). 
Physostigminae Salicylas (Eserin Salicylate). 
Intern., cathartic in impaction and indigestion; con- 73 
traindicated in dyspnea or tympany. H. gr. %-l 
(0.03-0.065); C. gr. 1-2 (0.065-0.13). Per subcutis. 
Repeat in % to 2 hours according to symptoms 
(pulse, distress). Antidote: atropin. Extern., in 
ophthalmology to decrease intraocular pressure and 
contract pupil in periodic ophthalmia where it is 
sometimes alternated with atropin. 
B 1 
Physostigminae 
salicylatis gr. ss 
Aquae destil. 3 i. 
M. Sig. Two drops daily 
in the eye of a dog with 
hydrophthalmus. 
B 2 
Physostigminae 
salicylatis gr. iii 
Aquae destil. 3 i- 
M. Sig. Inject into the 
eye once daily as a my- 
otic in periodic ophthal- 
mia. 
*Phytolacca (Poke Root; Garget). Emetic and 
alterative. Said to decrease the milk flow in mas- 
titis. H. & C. 3 1 (30.) 3-4 times daily. See veratrum. 
Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum. Crystalline alka- 
loid. Freely soluble in water. Laxative in impac- 
tions or torpidity (combine with eserin); diaphoretic 
in acute laminitis. H. gr. 4-7 (0.3-0.5); C. gr. 7-12 
(0.5-0.8). Expectorant and diaphoretic in first stage 
of acute fevers. H. & C. gr. 1^-3 (0.1-0.2); Sh. & 
Sw. gr. 1/3 (0.02); D. gr. 1/12-1/3 (0.005-0.02); Cat, 
gr. 1/60-1/20 (0.001-0.003). Contraindications: chronic 
diseases of the heart and lungs, pharyngitis, tetanus. 
Pituitary Body. Preparation: Liquor Hypophysis. 
Sold as pituitary extract, solution, liquid; pituitrin, 
etc. Prepared from the posterior lobe of the pitui- 
tary body of cattle. Used to stimulate uterine con- 
tractions in metritis in cows: 2-5 cc. per subcutis, 
repeated two or three times as indicated; 8-10 mils, 
to promote uterine contractions. Contraindicated in 
dystocia when the os is closed. 74 
*Pix Burgundica. Bubefacient, used in blisters. 
See cantharides. 
Pix Liquids (Pine Tar). Soluble in alcohol, oil, 
and alkaline solutions. Intern., expectorant in 
chronic bronchitis and pharyngitis per os or inhala- 
tion; stomachic in ruminants in gastric catarrh and 
diarrhea. H. & C. 3 2%-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l 
(2.-5.); D. gr. 1/10-1 (0.006-0.065). Administer in cap- 
sule, or in 7 parts syrup. Extern., antiseptic in 
chronic eczema (alone, in alcohol, ointment, or sapo 
mollis), foot-rot, and against flies. Used in making 
tar bandages. Preparations: Oleum Picis Liquidae 
rectiflcatum. Unguentum Picis Liquidae. *Syrupus 
Pini Strobi Compositus N.F. (Compound Syrup of 
White Pine). 
R 1 
Acidi salicylici 
Creolini aa 3 iv 
Picis liquidae 
Sulphuris subli- 
mati aa 3 ii 
Olei gossypii q.s. O i. 
M. Sig. For eczema and 
mange. 
B 2 
Picis liquidae 
Sapo mollis aa 3 ii 
Alcoholis 3 i. 
M. Sig. Tar liniment in 
chronic eczema (Froh- 
ner). 
R 3 
Picis liquidae 
Sulphuris subli- 
mati aa 3 iii 
Sapo mollis 
Alcoholis aa 3 vi. 
M. Vienna tar liniment 
for mange in a horse. 
K 4 
Acidi salicylici 5 
Picis liquidae 25 
Sapo mollis 150. 
M. 
R 5 
Picis liquidae 5 viii 
Potassii hydroxidi 3 iv 
Aquae 5 xx. 
M. Liquor Picis Alka- 
linus N.F. 75 
Plumbi Acetas (Lead Acetate; Sugar of Lead). 
Crystals or powder. Soluble in 3 parts water, 5 
glycerin, 30 alcohol. Intern., astringent in diarrhea, 
gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, acute nephritis. H. 3 
%-l^ (2.-6.); C. gr. 15-45 (1.-3.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 4-15 
(0.3-1.); D. gr. %-4 (0.05-0.3). 1-2 times daily in 
electuary or solution. Extern., sedative and astrin- 
gent antiseptic on bruises, wounds, scratches, etc. 
(5-10%). Prep: Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis (Goul- 
ard's extract). Lead acetate 18, lead oxid 11, water 
to 100. Useful in scratches, contusions, and acute 
skin diseases (1:4-8 ointment, or lard oil). Eye- 
wash in 1-3% aqueous solution. Do not use on cor- 
neal injuries. Liqtior Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus 
(4% aqueous solution of Goulard's extract). See 
alumen 1 for Burrow's solution. 
B 1 
Zinci sulphatis 3 vi 
Plumbi acetatis 3 i 
Aquae O i. 
M. "White Lotion" for 
scratches, abrasions, 
galls, and bruises. 
B 2 
Talci 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli 
Glycerini aa 5 
Liq. plumbi sub- 
acetatis diluti 
q.s. 100. 
Sig. Shake before using 
(Schindelka). 
Plumbi lodidum N.F. (Lead lodid). Heavy pow- 
der. Desiccant in thrush; promotes horn growth on 
exposed fleshy frog; effective in first stage of canker. 
Prep : Unguentum Plumbi Iodidi N.F. (10%); re- 
sorbent in non-suppurative adenitis. 
B 1 
Sodii iodidi 3 i 
Plumbi iodidi 
Ol. olivae aa 3 iiss. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
Sig. Apply under bandage in pustular dermatitis of 
the extremities of the dog, specific (v.k.) 76 
Plumbi Oxidum cf liquor plumbi subacetatis. 
Podophyllum (Mandrake; May Apple). Dried 
rhizome. Drastic cathartic. H. 3 1-2^ (5.-10.); C. 
3 2-4 (8.-15.); D. gr. 1^-4 (0.1-0.25). Preparation: 
Resina Podophylli (Podophyllin). D. gr. 1/12-1/8 
thrice daily. 
Potassii Acetas (Potassium Acetate). Soluble in 
0.4 parts water. Intern., diuretic and resolvent in 
dropsical effusions (hydrothorax, ascites); useful and 
non-irritating potash salt; action about the same as 
sodium bicarbonate. Daily dose: H. & C. 3 1-2 
(30.-60.); Sh. & Sw. 3 2%-4 (10.-15.); D. gr. 25-50 
(2.-4.). 
Potassi Bicarbonas (Potassium Bicarbonate). 
Uses and dosage as potassii acetas. 
Potassii Bitartras (Cream of Tartar). Dose and 
usage as potassii acetas. 
Potassii Bromidum (Potassium Bromid). Crys- 
tals. Sol. in 1.6 parts water. Nerve depressant in 
spasms, epilepsy, eclampsia, cerebral irritation, and 
nymphomania. Daily dose: H. & C. 3 1-3 (30.-90.); 
Sh. & Sw. 5 1-2^ (5.-10.); D. gr. 4-60 (0.25-4.). 
Bl 
Ammoniae bro- 
midi gr. xxxv 
Potassii bromidi 
Sodii bromidi aa 5 i 
Aquae destil. 5 v. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Teaspoonful twice 
daily for a dog with 
nervous distemper. 
B 2 
Potassii bromidi 1 iii 
Glycyrrhizae 3 i 
Aq. com. q.s. electua- 
rium. 
M. Sig. Two doses for 
nymphomania in a 
mare. 
Potassii Carbonas. Extern., solvent and cleans- 
ing agent on skin. 4-8% aqueous solution. 
Potassii Chloras (Potassium Chlorate). Soluble 77 
in 17 parts water. Intern., antiseptic in stomatitis 
and pharyngitis (3 1-2 in a pail of water). Dose: 
diuretic: H. & C. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l 
(2.-4.); D. gr. 1%-15 (0.1-1.). In electuary (honey) or 
dilute solution. Fatal dose: H. 5 8; C. 3 16. Extern., 
antiseptic in stomatitis and pharyngitis (3-5%) in 
solution or electuary; desiccant antiseptic on ulcers. 
B 1 
Potassii chloratis 3 i 
Syrupi simplex 3 ii- 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Teaspoonful thrice 
daily for a dog with 
pharyngitis. 
H 2 
Potassii chloratis 3 iss 
Pulv. glycyrrhizae et 
syrupi q.s. electuarium. 
Sig. Give on the tongue 
with a paddle for a 
horse with pharyngitis 
(daily dose). 
Potassii Citras (Potassium Citrate). Uses and 
dosage as potassii acetas. 
*Potassii Dichromas (Potassium Dichromate). 
Caustic in canker, grease, new formations. Ointment 
or aqueous solution (5-10%). Astringent in weak so- 
lutions (2%). 
Potassii Hydroxidum (Potassium Hydroxid; Caus- 
tic Potash; KOH). Dry white flakes or hard white 
sticks. Soluble in 0.4 parts water. Extern., caustic 
on small warts and tumors. Prevents growth of 
horns in calves. Pkep : Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi 
(Solution of Potassium Hydroxid), 5%. 
Potassii lodidum (Potassium lodid; KI). Crys- 
tals. Soluble in 1 part water. Intern., specific in 
actinomycosis, alterative and resorbent in chronic 
bronchitis and laryngitis (cough), chronic metallic 
poisoning (lead), goitre, fistula of the spermatic cord, 
botryomycosis, and periodic ophthalmia (inject into 
the fatty pad 1-2 cc. of equal parts Lugol's sol. and 
distilled water; repeat in two weeks). Alterative 78 
in a wide variety of affections, true value undeter- 
mined. Actinomycosis in cows: 3 1% daily for two 
weeks, with improvement gradually reduce the dose. 
H. & C. 5 I-21/2 (5.-10.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-4.); D. 
gr. 7%-15 (0.5-1.). Daily. 
B 1 
Potassii iodi 3i 
Aq. 3 iv 
Syrupi acaciae 5 i. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Tablespoonful thrice 
daily for a dog with 
pneumonia. 
B 2 
Potassii iodi 3 ii 
Aq. com. O i. 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. One ounce 2-3 times 
daily for a horse with 
chronic cough (laryn- 
gitis). 
Potassii Nitras (Potassium Nitrate; Saltpeter; 
Niter). Intern., diuretic, inferior to acetate of potash 
on account of irritating and depressant effect (Ste- 
vens). H. & C. 3 1-5 (5.-20.); Sh. & Sw. 3 y2-l (2.-5.); 
D. gr. 3-7% (0.2-0.5). In electuary or solution. 
Potassii Permanganas (Potassium Permanga- 
nate). Extern., antiseptic in stomatitis, fetid ulcers, 
metritis, etc. (1-2%). Remove stain with sat. sol. of 
oxalic acid. Powder thickly and bandage in verru- 
cose dermatitis (grease-heel). Intern., antidote in 
morphin poisoning. H. & C. 3 ^-1 (2.-4.); Sh. & Sw. 
gr. 3-6 (0.2-0.4); D. gr. %-l (0.03-0.065). 
* Potassii Pieras (Potassium Picrate). Small yel- 
low crystals or powder; explosive, use cork stopper. 
Soluble in 230 parts cold water, 15 parts boiling wa- 
ter. Intern., in stomach-worm disease (strongylus 
contortus) in lambs in doses of grains 1% in two 
ounces of water; lung-worm disease in lambs in in- 
tratracheal injections of 5 cc. of a 0.2% solution; 
lung-worm disease in cattle in intratracheal injec- 
tions of 20-60 cc. of a 1:1000 solution. 79 
* Protargol um (Protargol). Proteid compound. 
8.3% silver. Slowly soluble in 2 parts cold water. 
Intern., purpura (3 2-5 of a 5% solution 2-3 times 
daily per vein). Extern., antiseptic in wounds and 
fistulae 3%; quittor 10% twice daily combined with 
spirits of camphor bandage; conjunctivitis 1-20% 
(non-irritating); otitis 3-6%. 
*Pulvis. See acid boric (pulvis antisepticus), 
amylum, magnesii oxidum, acetanilid, acid benzoic, 
acid salicylic, acid tannic, alumen, bismuthi iodosub- 
gallas, bismuthi subnitras, Chloretone, chalk, calomel, 
calcii hydras, carbo ligni, galla, iodoform, kaolinum, 
menthol, naphthalin, talcum, and zinci oxidi. 
*Pyoktanin (Methyl-blue). Antiseptic on wounds, 
abrasions, and saddle bruises (2-5% alcoholic solu- 
tion), scratches (powder, cone, or alcoholic solution); 
conjunctivitis in 0.1% solution. 
*Pulvis Antisepticus cf acidum boricum. 
B 1 
Pyoktanin gr. i 
Zin ci oxidi 3i 
Petrolati 3 ii 
Tinct. iodi 3 ss. 
M. Sig. For scratches. 
*Pyrethrum (Persian Insect Powder). Insecti- 
cide in form of powder or wash (10%). 
Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic Acid). White crystals. 
Soluble in 2 parts water. Extern., antiseptic in 
chronic eczema (5% ointment); useful in breaking of 
the hair (trichorrhexia nodosa) and alopecia (5% 
solution). 
Quassia. Intern., stomachic, uses and dosage as 
gentian. Extern., anthelmintic for rectal worms 80 
(oxyurus). Infusion of 4 ounces of chips to 4 quarts 
of water per rectum. 
*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quinine and 
Urea Hydrochlorid). Contains about 60% quinine. 
Intern., use and dosage as quinine. Extern., substi- 
tute for cocain in the production of local anesthesia, 
in some cases the action is said to be prolonged for 
several days. Use in %-l% solution for subcutaneous 
injection; 10-20% on mucous membranes. 
Quininae Sulphas (Quinine Sulphate). Soluble in 
acidulated water, or alcohol. Intern., antipyretic in 
septicemia, purpura, chilling, early stages of influ- 
enza, etc. Retards metabolism, and migration of 
leucocytes. Stomachic in debility. H. 3 2%-5 
(10.-20.); C. 3 4-6 (15.-25.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-5.). 
Give in single daily dose in the morning (Frbhner). 
Resorcinol (Resorcin). Soluble in water or alco- 
hol. Extern., antiseptic on wounds (1% solution, 
10% ointment), scratches (2-25% ointment), and ec- 
zema (1-5%). Intern., intestinal antiseptic in diar- 
rhea. H. 3 1 (5.); C. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); Sh. & Sw. 3 % 
(2.). Thrice daily. 
R 1 
Resorcinolis 1 
Sulphuris sublimati 40 
Adipis 30. 
M. Sig. For seborrhea 
(Joseph). 
R 2 
Resorcinolis gr. xv-3 iss 
Sodii chlo- 
ridi gr. xv 
Glycerini 3 ii 
Liq. calcis 
q.s. 3 iv. 
M. Sig. For acne, folli- 
culitis, pruritus (Ste- 
vens). 
B 3 
Resorcinolis 10 
Zinci oxidi 25 
Amyli 25 
Liq. petrox 40. 
M. Pasta Resorcini Mitis, Lassar N.F. 81 
Rhamnus Purshiana cf cascara sagrada. 
Rheum (Rhubarb). Stomachic in small doses in 
intestinal catarrh; astringent in medium doses in 
diarrhea; laxative in large doses. Stomachic: H. & C. 
3 2^-6 (10.-25.); Sh., Sw., Calves, Foals, 3 %-l (2.-5.); 
D. gr. 7^-15 (0.5-1.); Lambs, gr. l%-7% (0.1-0.5). 
Astringent: H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); Sh., Sw., Calves, 
and Foals, 3 1-2% (5.-10.); D. gr. 15-30 (1.-2.); Lambs, 
gr. 7%-15 (0.5-1.). Laxative: Sh., Sw., Calves, and 
Foals, 3 2-3 (60.-90.); D. 3 1-4 (5.-15.); Lambs, 3 %-l 
(2.-5.). Preparations: Tinctura Rhei (20%); Fluid- 
extractum Rhei. Dose: as rheum. Putvis Rhei Com- 
posit us. Rhubarb 25, magnesia 65, ginger 10. Dose: 
2-3 times rheum. 
Saccharum (Sugar). Pulverized. 
Saccharum Lactis (Milk Sugar). Pulverized. 
Flavoring agent. 
Sal Ammoniac cf ammonium chlorid. 
*Sal Carolinum Factitium (Artificial Carlsbad 
Salts). Amorphous: dried sodii sulphas 44, sodii 
chloridum 18, sodii bicarbonas 36, potassii sulphas 2. 
Intern., resorbent in exudates and transudates 
(edema); stomachic in gastro-intestinal catarrh; ca- 
thartic (rarely). H. & C. § 1-3 (25.-100.); Sh. & Sw. 
3 %-2^ (2.-10.); D. & Cat, gr. 4-15 (0.25-1.). 
B 1 
Sal Carolini factitii 5 xvi 
Gentianae 
Nucis vomicae aa gviii. 
M. 
Sig. Tablespoonful thrice daily as a stomachic for a 
horse or cow. 
Salol cf phenylis salicylas. 
Santoninum (Santonin). Anthelmintic. H. & C. 82 
3 2%-5 (10.-25.); Sh. 3 %-l (2.-4.); Sw. gr. 15 (1.); D. 
gr. %-3 (0.05-0.2). Follow with calomel or oil in dog. 
B 1 
Santonini gr. vi 
Sacchari lactis gr. xx. 
M. Ft. chartulae No. xxx. 
Sig. One powder every three hours for a dog with 
worms. 
Sapo Mollis (Soft Soap; Green Soap). Yellow- 
ish-brown. Uses: in liniments and ointment to 
cleanse and soften the skin; resorbent when applied 
with massage in mastitis, phlegmons, sprains, and 
strains. Antiseptic, see acidum carbolicum crudum. 
Sapo (Hard Soap; Castile Soap). 
B 1 
Sapo mollis 5 ii. 
Acidi salicylici 3 iss 
M. Sig. Rub in thoroughly. 
Scilla (Squill). Action nearly identical with 
digitalis, stronger diuretic (Frohner). Seldom used. 
H. & C. 5 1-2^ (5.-10.); D. gr. 3-7 (0.2-0.5). 
Scopolaminae Hydrobromidum (Scopolamin Hy- 
drobromid). Identical with hyoscin, see hyoscyamus. 
Senna. Leaves. Purgative in small animals. 
Sw. 3 2y2-6 (10.-25.); D. 5 1-3 (5.-15.); Cat, gr. 15-30 
(1.-2.). In syrup. 
Secale Cornutum cf ergota. 
Serum Antianthrax. Prophylactic and curative. 
Dose: 30-100 cc., curative; 10 cc. prophylactic. Serum 
and spore vaccine is effective in infected herds. 
Serum not adapted to general prophylactic use, since 
it produces a low and short immunity. 
Serum Antitetanic Purificatum. Potency of 100 83 
units per cc. Prophylactic dose: 500-1500 units (cc.) 
per vein. Curative value doubtful. Recent curative 
dose of 150,000 to 500,000 units in man is thought by 
some to result in benefit. 
Serum Anti-White Scours. Useful in some out- 
breaks of scours in new-born calves. Prophylactic 
dose: 10-20 cc. per subcutis. Curative dose: 20 cc. 
every 6-12 hours, or size and frequency according to 
the value of the animal-dose not limited. 
Silver Nitrate cf argenti nitras. 
Sinapis Alba (White Mustard). 
Sinapis Nigra (Black Mustard). Intern., sto- 
machic and mild diuretic. H. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); C. 3 2-3 
(60.-90.); Sh. 3 1-2% (5.-10.). In electuary or pow- 
ders. Extern., rubefacient in form of paste with 
warm water. Prep : Oleum Sinapis Volatile. Coun- 
ter-irritant in pneumonia, pleurisy, colic, pharyngitis; 
apply over the loins as an excitant in parturient pare- 
sis. H. 5-8%; C. 10-20%; D. 2-5% in alcohol. 
Sodii Acetas. Use and dosage as potassii acetas. 
Sodii Bicarbonas (Sodium Bicarbonate). Intern., 
stomachic and antacid alone or combined with bitters 
in gastric fermentation and catarrh; resorbent in pul- 
monary and pleural exudates; diuretic. Extern., anti- 
septic and solvent of albumen in irrigation of wounds, 
in spray, or inhalation. C. 3 2-3 (60.-90.); H. 3 1-2 
(30.-60.); Sh. 3 1-2% (5.-10.); Sw. 3 %-l (2.-5.); D. gr. 
7%-15 (0.5-1.). 
R 1 
Sodii bicarbonatis 
Sodii chloridi aa 3 Hi 
Gentianae 5 H. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful thrice daily for a horse with 
gastric catarrh. 84 
Sodii Boras (Borax). Soluble in 20 parts water, 
1 glycerin. Antiseptic. Used to preserve tissues 
during shipment. 
Sodii Bromidum. Use and dosage as potassium 
bromide. 
Sodii Cacodylas cf arseni trioxidi. 
Sodii Chloridum (Sodium Chlorid; Salt; NaCl). 
Intern., stomachic in gastro-intestinal catarrh; pro- 
motes metabolism in chronic malnutrition (anemia); 
resolvent in edematous conditions; diuretic; stimu- 
lant per vein, subcutis, or rectum (0.6%) in heart 
weakness, severe hemorrhage, dysentery, and col- 
lapse: H. & C. 4-5 quarts, medium size 2 quarts, small 
animals 8-16 ounces. See Sal Carolinum factitium. 
H. & C. 3 1-3 (30.-90.); Sh. & Sw. 3 (2.-10.); D. 
gr. 15-30 (1.-2.). Extern., antiseptic (dissolves albu- 
men) in catarrhal inflammation of mucous mem- 
branes, and in excessive exudation. 
Sodii Hydroxidum (Sodium Hydroxid; Caustic 
Soda). Use and action as potassii hydroxidum. 
Sodii Hypophosphis (Sodium Hypophosphite) cf 
sodii thiosulphas. 
Sodii lodidum (Sodium lodid). Use and dosage 
as potassium iodid. 
Sodii Nitris (Sodium Nitrite; NaNOJ. Soluble 
in 1% parts water. Intern., vasodilator, action prac- 
tically identical with amyl nitrite, less rapid and 
more lasting. Use: as nitroglycerin. H. & C. gr. 
10-30 (0.65-2.); Sh. & Sw. gr. 1-5 (0.065-0.3; D. gr. 
^-3 (0.03-0.2). 
Sodii Phenolsulphonas (Sodium Phenolsulphon- 
ate; Sodium Sulphocarbolate). Soluble in 5 parts 
water. Intestinal antiseptic in acute catarrh and 85 
diarrhea. Doubtful value. H. & C. 3 2-8 (8.-30.); 
Sh. & Sw. gr. 15-60 (1.-4.); D. gr. 10-30 (0.6-2.). 
Sodii Salicylas (Sodium Salicylate). Use and ac- 
tion as acidum salicylicum. Daily dose: H. 3 
2-3 (60.-90.); C. 5 2^-5 (75.-150.); Sh. 3 2y2-6 (10.-25.); 
Sw. 3 1-2^ (5.-10.); D. gr. 15-45 (1.-3.). 
B 1 
Sodii salicylatis 
Althaeae aa 100 
M. Ft. chartulae No. iv. 
Sig. One powder in a drench every 3 hours for a cow, 
or as electuary for a horse with rheumatism (v.k.). 
Sodii Sulphas (Sodium Sulphate; Glauber's Salt; 
Na2SO4). Soluble in 3 parts water. Cathartic in in- 
digestion. H. 3 8-16 (250.-500.); C. 3 16-32 (500.-1000.); 
Sh. 3 2-3 (60.-90.); Sw. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); D. 5 2^-6 
(10.-25.). In solution or electuary. Stomachic, re- 
solvent, and laxative in gastro-intestinal catarrh, 
edemas, serous exudates, etc. H. & C. 3 1-3 (30.-90.); 
Sh. 3 21/2-6 (10.-25.); Sw. 3 %-l (2.5.); D. gr. 15-30 
(1.-2.). Note.-The dried sodium sulphate is pre- 
pared by slowly drying the crystalline salt which is 
spread in a thin layer and exposed to the air until 
it has lost one-half its weight. 
Sodii Thiosulphas (Sodium Hyposulphate). Sol- 
uble in 1 part water. Intern., antacid and antiseptic 
in gastric tympany. H. & C. 3 %-2 (15.-60.); Sh. & 
Sw. 3 %-l (2.-4.); D. gr. 5-30 (0.3-2.). Extern., para- 
siticide in ringworm. 
Sparteinae Sulphas. Alkaloid from broom tops. 
Heart depressant, similar to coniin. H. gr. 15-75 
(1.-5.); D. gr. (0.1-0.5). 
Spiritus Aetheris. Intern., stimulant in collapse, 86 
antispasmodic in colic, contraindicated in tympany. 
H. & C. 3 %-l (15.-30.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-2 (2.-8.); D. 
iq.. 8-15 (0.5-1.); stimulant per subcutis for horse 3 
1 (4.). 
Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi (Sweet Spirit of Niter). 
Diaphoretic and diuretic in first stages of fever 
(small frequent doses); antispasmodic in colic; 
stimulant. H. & C. 3 1-3 (30.-90.); Sh. & Sw. 3 2-4 
(8.-15.); D. TT[. 10-60 (0.6-4.). In capsule, liquor am- 
monii acetatis, or water. Deteriorates when ex- 
posed. 
B 1 
Tinct. aconiti 3 i 
Spiritus aetheris 
nitrosi 3 iv 
Liq. ammonii aceta- 
tis q.s. 3 viii. 
M. Sig. Tablespoonful 
every 2-3 hours. 
B 2 
Spiritus glycerylis 
nitratis 5 iii 
Spiritus aetheris 
nitrosi 3 iv 
Chloroformi 5 iii 
Alcoholis 3 v 
Liq. ammonii aceta- 
tis q.s. 3 xvi. 
M. Sig. One ounce ev- 
ery 2-4 hours for a 
horse. 
Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus. Heart and res- 
piratory stimulant in collapse, depression, dyspnea, 
pulmonary congestion; antacid in indigestion, colic 
(tympany, spasmodic colic). H. & C. 3 1-2 (30.-60.); 
Sh. & Sw. 5 2-4 (8.-15.); D. 3 %-l (2.-4.). Administer 
in capsule, or dilute 1:10 in water or linseed water. 
Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis. A 1% solution of 
glycerylis nitras. Vasodilator and respiratory seda- 
tive in congestion of the lungs, pulmonary edema, 
bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema in dogs, and he- 
moptysis. H.&C. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); D. rq,. ^-2 (0.01-0.14). 87 
♦Glycerylis Nitratis (Nitroglycerin; Glonoin; Trini- 
trin). Oily fluid. Incorporated into tablets which 
soon deteriorate. H. & C. gr. (0.016-0.05); D. 
gr. 1/200-1/50 (0.0003-0.0013). 
R 1 
Spiritus glycerylis 
nitr. nb xv 
Glycerini 5 iiss 
Aquae com. 3 iit 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Teaspoonful thrice 
daily for a dog with pul- 
monary emphysema. 
B 2 
Spiritus glycerylis 
nitratis 5 iv 
Alcoholis dil. q.s. 3 it 
M. Sig. One dram every 
15 minutes to 1 hour 
for a horse. 
K 3 
Spiritus glycerylis nitratis 3ii. 
Sig. In drinking water thrice daily for a horse with 
heaves. 
*Spiritus Sinapis cf sinapis. 
Staphisagria (Stavesacre). Seeds. Parasiticide 
(lice, fleas) in form of oil 1 to olive oil 8; or decoc- 
tion of seeds. 
*Stovain. Soluble white crystals. Anesthetic, 
less toxic than cocain, vasodilator, used chiefly in 
eye practice (4%). 
Starch cf amylum. 
Stramonium (Jamestown Weed; Thorn Apple). 
Contains hyoscin, hyoscyamin, and atropin. Action 
and uses as belladonna. See lobelia. 
Strophanthus. Circulatory stimulant, and diu- 
retic, similar to digitalis; absorption and elimination 
more rapid. Preparations: Tinctura Strophanthi. 
H. & C. 3 21/2-6 (10.-25.); Sh. & Sw. TT[. 5-20 (0.3-1.3); 
D. TT[. 2-10 (0.13-0.6). Strophanthinum. Mixture of 88 
glucosids. H. & C. gr. 1/6 (0.01); D. gr. 1/300-1/60 
(0.00025-0.001). Per subcutis (irritant), or vein. 
B 1 
Tincturae strophanthi 
Pulv. athaeae aa 5 ii 
Aq. com. q.s. massa. 
M. Ft. boli No. vi. 
Sig. One pill twice daily 
for a horse with heart 
weakness. 
B 2 
Tincturae stro- 
phanthi 3 iss 
F. E. nucis vomi- 
cae 5 i 
Spiritus ammoniae 
aromatici 3 iv 
Aquae q.s. 3 xii. 
M. Sig. One ounce every 
half-hour to two hours 
in collapse and heart 
weakness. 
Strychninae Sulphas cf nux vomica. 
Sty rax (Storax). Uses: as balsam Peru. 
Sulphocarbolates cf zinci and sodii phenolsul- 
phonas. 
Sublimate cf hydrargyrum chloridum corrosivum. 
Sulphur Lotum (Washed Sulphur). Prep: Un- 
guentum Sulphuris. Washed sulphur 15, benzoinated 
lard 75. 
Sulphur Praecipitatum (Praecipitated Sulphur). 
See zinci oxidi B 7. 
Sulphur Sublimatum (Flowers of Sulphur; Sub- 
limed Sulphur). Stimulant and parasiticide in chronic 
skin diseases. See pix liquida B 1. 
B 1 
Sulphuris sublimati 50 
Hydrargyri 5 
Cantharidis 20 
Petrolati 400. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
Sig. Ointment for sum- 
mer mange, acne, etc., 
in the horse (Frohner). 
B 2 
Calcii hydroxidi 16.5 
Sulphuris sublimati 25. 
Aquae q.s. 100. 
M. Liquor Calcis Sul- 
phuratae N.F. Useful in 
mange and eczema. 89 
B 3 
Calcii carbonatis 
praecipitati 10 
Sulphuris sublimati 15 
Olei cadini 15 
Sapo mollis 30 
Adipis 30. 
M. Unguentum Sul- 
phuris Compositum N.F. 
R 4 
Sulphuris sublimati 20 
Calcis 16 
Aquae 100. 
Make lime into thin 
paste, add sulphur, add 
25 water and boil 2 
hours, draw off water, 
add water to make 100. 
Lime and Sulphur Dip 
B.A.I. 
*Sulphuris lodidum N.F. (Sulphur lodid). Ex- 
tern., very efficient in chronic eczema, ringworm, 
mange. In 1:8-10 oil. Apply with a stiff brush. 
Tinct. iodin 3 4, sublimed sulphur 3 1, boil, the cool 
mass is sulphur iodid; or prepare as in N.F. Trit- 
urate 20 parts sulphur with 80 parts iodin; place in 
a bottle and set the bottle in a water bath until 
fusion occurs. Light cottonseed oil (Wesson's oil) 
or olive oil may be added at once in the proportion 
of 1:8-10; or the bottle may be broken after cooling, 
the fused mass pulverized and then combined with 
the oil. Use alone or add formalin to make 10% for 
ringworm in cattle. An excellent combination for 
pruritus consists of formalin 10, alcohol 40, sulphur 
iodid and oil 50. 
*Sun Cholera Cure cf mistura. 
Suprarenalum Siccum. Contains 9.4-0.6% of 
epinephrine, the active principle of the suprarenal 
gland, it may also be made synthetically. Intern., 
stimulates and constricts peripheral vessels in shock, 
collapse, azoturia, purpura, pulmonary hemorrhage, 
parturient paresis. Administer per vein, non-active 
per subcutis. Action transient. Dose: 1:1000 sol.: 
H. & C. 3 i-iv (5.-15.); Sh. & Sw. 3 %-l (2.-4.); D. 1^.. 
10-30 (0.6-2.). Extern., hemostatic on mucous mem- 90 
branes in epistaxis, congestion, hemorrhage; one 
dram per subcutis over planter nerve for local effect 
in acute laminitis. Use in 1:5000-1000 solution of 
epinephrin (adrenalin). 
Syrupus (Syrup). Sugar 85, water 100. May sub- 
stitute molasses or honey. 
*Tabacum (Tobacco). Parasiticide. Do not ex- 
ceed 5% of the decoction in water. 
Talcum (Magnesium Silicate; Soapstone). Pro- 
tectant and desiccant in acute skin diseases. 
B 1 
Acidi salicylici 3 
Acidi borici 100 
Talci 87. 
M. Pulvis Talci Salicyli- 
cus N.F. 
B 2 
Acidi salicylici 3 
Amyli 70 
Talci 27. 
M. (Schindelka). 
*Tallianine. Ozonized terpene. Used in pectoral 
influenza, dog distemper, azoturia, etc. Clinical re- 
ports are very conflicting. Efficiency doubtful. 
H. & C. 3 2y2-2 (10.-25.); D. ffi.. 15-75 (1.-5.). Per vein. 
Tannin cf acid tannic. 
*Tannoform. Combination of formaldehyd and 
tannin. Intern., intestinal astringent and antiseptic 
in intestinal catarrh or diarrhea. H. & C. 5 2-3 (60.- 
90.); Calves and Foals, 3 1-2^ (5.-10.); D. gr. 15-30 
(1.-2.). Extern., our most efficient desiccant antiseptic 
on fresh or old wounds (Frohner). Use alone or 
combined with starch (1:5). 
Tar cf pix liquida. 
Terebinthina (Turpentine). Oleoresin. Extern., 
in oint. to promote granulations; used in blisters. 
See oleum terebinthinae. 
Terbenum cf oleum terebinthinae, 91 
*Theobromina. Alkaloid closely related to caf- 
fein. H. 3 2% (10.); D. gr. 8-15 every 2 hours in 
ascites. 
*Therapogen. An alcoholic and aqueous solu- 
tion of terpenes and naphthalin. Non-irritating anti- 
septic and deodorant (3%). Useful in obstetrics, 
metritis, etc. 8 ounces of %% solution in warm 
water slowly injected into the teats in mastitis. In- 
tern., intestinal antiseptic. H. & C. 3 2-4 daily. Ad- 
minister per os, pure or dilute. 
*Thioform cf bismuthi dithiosalicylas. 
Thymol. Disinfectant and deodorant. 
Thymolis lodidum cf aristol. 
Thyroid Extract cf glandulae. 
Tragacantha. Protectant. Pbep : Mucilago Tra- 
gacanthae. 
*Tricresol. Mixture of ortho-, para-, and meta- 
cresols. Soluble in 40 parts water. Disinfectant 
(2%); 3 times the strength of phenol; stable disin- 
fection 1-2%. See cresol. 
*Trinitrum cf spiritus glycerylis nitratis. 
*Tuberculin. Glycerinated bouillon containing 
products of growth of tubercle bacilli. The most re- 
liable agent known for the diagnosis of latent tuber- 
culosis. Dose: H. & C. 2 cc.; Yearlings 1 cc.; Calves 
under 6 mo. % cc.; Sheep 1/10 cc.; Swine 1/5-1/2 cc.; 
Dog 1/5 cc. Inject per subcutis on side of neck or 
chest in animals with normal temperature. Normal 
animals do not react. Take temperature and note 
physical condition every two hours from the eighth 
to the eighteenth hours after injection. In tubercular 
animals the temperature begins to rise (chills) in 
from 6-8 hours after injection, gradually rises to the 92 
12th to the 24th hour, returning to normal in 24-40 
hours. Rise in temperature may begin at the 4th 
hour, or not until the 14th to 18th hour. Interpreta- 
tion of reaction (Hutyra & Marek): A reaction is 
positive; A. with a rise of 2.6° F. or more; or B. 
Elevation above 104° F., with a rise of at least 1° 
F.; or C. A rise of 1.8° F. to 2.5° F., or above 103° 
F., in addition to an organic reaction (chills, depres- 
sion). In calves under 6 months a positive reaction 
depends on a rise to at least 105.4° F. There is no 
evidence of tuberculosis with a rise of 2.5° F., that 
does not exceed 103°, or give an organic reaction. 
Turpentine cf olei. 
Unguentum (Ointment). White wax 2, benzoi- 
nated lard 8. 
Urotropin cf hexamethylenamina. 
Urva Ursi (Bearberry. Diuretic and astringent. 
Uses and action as buchu. Dose: Fl. Ext. H. & C. 
3 2-4 (60.-120.); D. 3 %-2 (1.-8.). 
Vaselin cf petrolatum. 
*Vasogen cf petroxolinum liquidum. 
*Veratrum (Rhizome and root of green hellebore 
and white hellebore). Heart sedative and febrifuge, 
similar to aconite in the beginning of acute inflam- 
matory diseases (pneumonia); emetic in swine; 
stomachic in cattle in indigestion. H. & C. 3 1-2% 
(5.-10.); Sh. 3 %-l (2.-5.); Sw. gr. 8-35 (0.5-2.). 
Preparations: Tinctura Veratri. Dose: as veratrum 
^Veratrin Sulphate. H. & C. gr. %-2 (0.03-0.13); Sw., 
emetic, gr. %-% (0.016-0.03); Sh. gr. 1/6-1/3 (0.01- 
0.02); D. gr. 1/64-1/12 (0.001-0.005). Per subcutis or 
os. See arecovetrol. 
*Vetol. "Yohimbin-vetol." Said to contain 50% 93 
yohimbin. See yohimbin. Yohimbin, Merck is prefer- 
able. (Holterbach, Schlampp). 
*Vitriol. Blue (copper sulphate or bluestone); 
green (iron sulphate or copperas); oil of (sulphuric 
acid) white (zinc sulphate). 
*Yohimbin Hydrochlorid (Merck). White crystals 
soluble in hot water. intern., aphrodisiac in im- 
potence. H. & C. gr. %-l% (0.05-0.1); Sh. & Sw. gr. 
1/6-1/2 (0.01-0.03; D. gr. 1/64-1/6 (0.001-0.01). Ad- 
minister 3-6 times daily in above dosage for several 
days. Discard treatment for H. & C. when at least 
2 Gm. have been given (Holterbach). 
*White Lotion cf plumbi acetas. 
Zinci Acetas (Zinc Acetate). Soluble in 3 parts 
water. Astringent antiseptic. Uses: as zinci sulphas. 
Zinci Carbonas Praecipitatus. Calamin is the 
crude form. Astringent, sedative, and protective in 
eczema, scratches, etc. Prep: *Unguentum Calaminae 
N.F. Calamin 1, unguentum (U. S. P.) 5. 
Zinci Chioridum (Zinc Chlorid). Soluble in 0.5 
parts water. Caustic in fistulae, ulcers, canker, and 
tumors. Use as paste (1:1-3 flour); or 40% alcoholic 
solution; or 10-20% aqueous solution. Weak antisep- 
tic and astringent. 
B 1 
Sanguinariae ' iii 
Zinci chloridi 
Acaciae 
Aquae aa ' i. 
M. Add water slowly to the consistency of putty 
("German Caustic"). Sig. Plug fistula and leave for 
5 days. 94 
Zinci Oxidum (Zinc Oxid). Extern., astringent 
and protective in acute eczema, burns, etc. Prep : 
Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. Zinc oxid 2, benzoinated 
lard 8. 
B 1 
Zinci oxidi 
Bismuthi subnitratis 
Plumbi acetatis aa 3 i 
Talci 5 iii. 
M. Desiccant powder. 
B 2 
Zinci oxidi 3 i 
Talci 3 v 
Amyli 3 iii. 
M. Sig. Desiccant pow- 
der. 
B 3 
Zinci oxidi 60 
Ol. olivae 40. 
M. Zinc oil (Joseph). 
B 4 
01. lini 
Aq. calcis 
Zinci oxidi 
Cretae aa 100. 
M. Pasta Zinci Mollis, 
Unna N.F. 
B 5 
Acidi salicylic! 2 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli aa 24 
Petrolati 50. 
M. Pasta Zinci, Lassar 
N.F. 
B 6 
Zinci oxidi 15 
Sulphuris praecipi- 
tati 10 
Silicic acid 5 
Adipis benzoin. 70. 
M. Pasta Zinci Sulphur- 
ata, Unna N.F. 
B 7 
Resorcinolis 30 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli aa 20 
Petrolati q.s. 100. 
M. Resorcin paste (Jo- 
seph). 
B 8 
Sulphuris praecipi- 
tati 10 
Zinci oxidi 
Amyli aa 20 
Glycerini 
Aquae aa 100. 
M. Sulphur lotion (Jo- 
seph). 
Zinci Phenolsulphonas (Zinc Sulphocarbolate). 
Gastrointestinal antiseptic and astringent in diarrhea 
of acute intestinal catarrh. H. & C. 3 1-4 (5.-15.); 
Sh. & Sw. gr. 8-30 (0.5-2.); D. gr. 5-20 (0.3-1.3). 95 
Zinci Sulphas (White Vitriol; Zinc Vitriol). Sol- 
uble in 1 part water, 3 glycerin. Extern., astringent 
in catarrhal and suppurative conjunctivitis (0.5-2% 
solution), otorrhea (1-5%). See plumbi acetas. 
Intern., emetic. Sw. gr. 8-16 (0.5-1.); D. gr. l^^^ 
(0.1-0.3). 
Zingiber (Ginger). Intern., uses and action as 
capsicum. H. 5 2-8 (8.-30.); C. 3 1-4 (30.-120.); Sh. & 
Sw. 3 1-2 (4.-8.); D. gr. 5-15 (0.3-1). Preparations: 
Fluidextractum Zingiberis. Dose: as zingiber. Tinc- 
tura Zingiberis 20%. H. & C. 3 2-4 (60.-120.); Sh. 
& Sw. 3 2-4 (8.-15.); D. 3 %-l (2.-4.). 5. Treatment of Diseases. 
Abortion, Contagious. Segregate recent aborters 
and cows about to abort (rapid swelling of the udder 
and vulva, vaginal discharge). Destroy fetus and 
afterbirth. Disinfect the stables: phenol, calx, chlori- 
nated lime, sulphuric acid, formalin, liquor cresolis 
compositus. Disinfect frequently the floors and gut- 
ters of stalls containing suspected animals. Cow: 
irrigate the uterus daily to three times a week with 
a saline solution or a 0.1% solution of potassium per- 
manganate until a week or more after the discharge 
stops, then wait 1-2 months before breeding. Cleanse 
the external genitals, tail, etc., and disinfect them 
with a 3% creolin solution. Bull: clip the pre- 
putial hairs, douche preputial sac with a %% 
Lugol's solution before and after each service. 
Abscess. Promote resorption or encapsulation 
with hot antiseptic packs, alcohol bandage, iodin or 
cantharides blister. Free incision, irrigation, tampon 
of sublimate gauze for 24 hours, then open treatment 
(daily irrigation followed with antiseptic dusting- 
powder). Deep abscess: exploratory incision or 
puncture for diagnosis, insert tube for drainage. 
Acne (Summer Surfeit; Heat-, Sweat-, or Harness 
Eczema). Sulphur sublimatum B 2 and 3, sulphur 
lotum (ung.), zinci oxidum B 5 and 6, pix liquida 
B 1, acidum tannicum B 2, resorcinol B 1 to 3, 
liquor calcis sulphurata, acid chromic 3%. 
Actinomycosis. Extirpate subcutaneous growths; 
or incise and slough out with copper sulphate 
crystals; intraglandular injection of Lugol's solution; 
potassium iodid internally (specific). 97 
Alopecia. Symptomatic: frequent washing with 
solutions of potassium or sodium carbonate, or borax, 
followed with simple ointment. Antiseptics: resorcin 
5%; pyrogallol 10%; alcoholic sublimate. Rubefaci- 
ents: capsicum R 1. Plenty of grooming, frequent 
creolin baths, sunlight, exercise, and intensive feed- 
ing. 
Alveolar Emphysema (Heaves). Suppress symp- 
toms. Diet: feed straw instead of hay, with grain 
diet largely of bran. Run the hay through a feed 
cutter, moisten and mix it with the grain, feed 
roughage not more than twice daily. Intern., alkalies, 
respiratory sedatives, tonics, and alteratives. Calx; 
arseni trioxidum; potassium iodid; spiritus glycerylis 
nitratis, belladonna ; grindelia; ergota; prolonged use 
of Carlsbad salts; lime water; lobelia. 
Anemia. Secondary: intense feeding, sunlight, 
fresh air, care of the skin. Intern., nux vomica, 
hydrochloric acid, arsenic, vermifuges in the young. 
Primary: H. & C.: ferri reductum, ferri sulphas, 
tonics and bitters. Dog: ferri citras or ferri carbonas 
saccharatus. Infectious (Swamp Fever): prophylac- 
tic. 
Anthrax. Local: as septic phlegmon-free in- 
cision, strong disinfectants, cauterization; or paren- 
chymatous injection (phenol 3%, creolin 5%) around 
the margin of the swelling, followed by cool antiseptic 
packs (alcoholic sublimate, phenol). Intern., as 
septicemia-stimulants (ol. camphor per subcutis, 
alcohol); intestinal antiseptics (creolin 3 iv every 15 
minutes for one hour, then every two hours until 
temperature falls). Antianthrax serum per vein. 
Treatment is usually hopeless. Prophylaxis: remove 
all animals from the infected fields; disinfect the 98 
stables (phenol, calx, liquor cresolis compositus); 
bury all cadavers without skinning and cover them 
with lime; drain and till infected soil. Take temper- 
atures three times daily, segregate and administer 
serum to those with fever. Anthrax vaccine for 
well animals. 
Arthritis. Acute. Sprains: absolute rest; cold 
for first 24 hours (cold irrigation, ice packs, baths); 
follow with hot compress, alcohol or camphor band- 
age, cataplasma kaolini, massage and rubefacients 
(linimentum, iodin, mercurial ointment) under band- 
age. Pyemic cf navel-ill; compression for serous 
distensions following influenza. Chronic. Deform- 
ing: ringbone and spavin: point-fire, and blister, 
followed with 1-3 months rest; neurectomy; slight 
spavins may respond to mercurial resorbents (hy- 
drarg, chloridi corrosivum R 1 and 2, hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum R 1) without prolonged rest; shoe 
with high heel-calks. Carpitis: blisters under tar 
bandage; fixation bandage (plaster cast). Serous 
(Bog Spavin; Wind Puff): massage and rubefacients 
(tincture of iodin, liniments, mercurial ointment) 
with compress in early stages; blister beneath band- 
age in subacute and chronic forms (hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum 1:5). 
Aphtha cf stomatitis. 
Ascites. Treat the primary disease-heart, 
kidneys, liver, lungs. Diuretics: infusion digitalis 
(cardiac), strophanthus, potassium salts, juniperus, 
caffein (nephritic), calomel. Paracentesis. Laxatives. 
Azoturia. Rest on a deep bedding of straw; turn 
every 4-6 hours; clysters and mild laxatives (salts, 
aloin, arecolin % gr.) to evacuate bowels; relieve 
retention of urine (catheter, pressure on bladder per 99 
rectum); control restlessness and delirium with F. E. 
Cannabis 5-10 cc. per vein; heat and massage with 
mild rubefacients over affected muscles (spirits of 
mustard, linimentum, Priessnitz pack); raise in 
slings when able to support weight on legs. Avoid 
severe cathartics that weaken the patient. Bleeding 
from jugular (conflicting reports). Sodium bromide 
3 ii in a quart of water, with 4 pounds of sugar within 
an hour; repeat in 12 hours (Drouin). Camphor or 
caffein in heart weakness. Adrenalin per vein. 
Bog Spavin cf arthritis. 
Bronchitis. Acute. Rest; fresh air free from 
dust and drafts; warm coverings; laxative food 
(carrots, clean hay, bran, oats); air moisture about 
65%; rubefacient on chest (sinapis). For dry cough 
sedatives and sedative expectorants; apomorphin R 
2; antimonii et potassii tartras R 2; codein R 2-3; 
aqua amygdalae R 1-2; ipecac and tartar emetic are 
of special value in acute sthenic attacks. Inhalants: 
menthol, creolin, benzoin, turpentine. Diaphoretics: 
spirits of nitrous ether. Laxatives: Carlsbad salts 
J 1-2 three to four times daily. For moist cough 
and free exudate: ammonium chlorid R 1 and car- 
bonate; benzoin; ol. terebinthinae R 1; combine 
with heroin and hyoscyamus or belladonna when 
cough is excessive. Chronic. Horse: pasture, light 
work, sunlight; pg. 9 R 3; calx; creosotum; ammo- 
nium chlorid; grindelia; juniperus; lobelia; potas- 
sium iodid; benzoin; ol. turpentine R 1. Dog: balsam 
Peru; spiritus glycerylis nitratis; apomorphin; aqua 
amygdalae amarae; ol. tereb. R 1; copaiba. 
Bots cf carbon disulphid. 
Burns. Mild: cold irrigation or compress; Goul- 
ard's water; protective powders (amylum, sodium 100 
bicarbonate, talcum); ol. lini R 1. Severe: argenti 
nitras 5-10%; acid picric 1%; ung. zinci oxidi; men- 
thol R 3; Chloretone. 
Bursattae cf summer sores. 
Canker. Remove all undermined horn; curette 
to healthy pododerm, even to the bone; cauterize 
thoroughly with a cherry-red iron; bandage firmly 
with gauze soaked in 50% or pure formalin; after 2-3 
days apply a dry dressing under bandage. Autogenic 
vaccine. 
Capped-Hock and Curb. Acute: irrigate with cold 
water (hose); with incomplete resorption (subacute) 
follow with massage and resorbents: linimentum, 
mercurial ointment, sapo mollis R 1. When chronic 
use mild blisters in capped-hock over an area about 
the size of a quarter: tinct. iodin, linimentum tiglii 
(caustic balsam), cantharides, hydrargyri iodidum 
rubrum. Chronic curb may be line-fired and blis- 
tered; shoe with high heel-calks. 
B 
Ung. hydrargyri dil. 
Sapo mollis aa 51. 
M. Ft. unguentum. 
Catarrhal Fever, Malignant (Cattle). Light airy- 
stable. Inhalants: turpentine, phenol. Disinfectants 
on oral and nasal mucous membranes: boric acid, 
potassium chlorate, tannin. Expectorants: tartar 
emetic. Stimulants: ol. camphor subcutaneously. Ice 
packs on head and throat; tracheotomy in severe 
dyspnea. Normal salt solution per subcutis or vein 
in collapse: 4-6 quarts of sterile water in which a 
teaspoonful of salt has been dissolved. 
Caustics (Ammonia, Chloral, Acids). Neutralize 
with weak acids (vinegar), or alkalies (soda). Pro- 101 
tectants: oil, mucilaginous drinks (linseed, acacia). 
Sedative astringents: lead acetate, Burrow's solution. 
Cerebritis (Meningitis; encephalitis). Place in a 
quiet dark stall with plenty of bedding to protect 
against injury. Give laxative food; when unable to 
eat, feed artificially unless it causes excitement. 
Laxatives (oil, salts, calomel) through stomach tube 
or in the form of an electuary in paralysis of the 
pharynx. Cold on the head: water, snow, ice packs. 
Resorbents: salts, arecolin, pilocarpin. Control excite- 
ment with chloral in large animals and morphin in 
small. 
Cerebrospinal Meningitis. Treatment of doubt- 
ful value: calomel gr. 30 daily. Prophylactic: exclude 
cause from food or water supply; mouldy roughage 
or grain, stagnant water. 
Choke. Horse: tie to prevent access to food, small 
doses of arecolin or pilocarpin per subcutis, relief 
usually follows within 24 hours; massage of masses of 
grain when in the cervical region. Stomach-tube or 
probang only after 48 hours; irrigation through 
stomach-tube after ligating around esophagus to en- 
sure return of water and food through the tube, 
esophagotomy. Cow. Remove with the hand when 
in the pharyngeal region. Round objects in the 
cervical region may be pressed towards the pharynx 
with the thumbs. Keep mouth of cattle open to 
prevent bloating, trocarize the rumen when bloating 
becomes excessive. Probang. Emetics in swine 
(veratrin) and dogs (apomorphin). 
Choroiditis. Darkness. Atropin 1-2% and adren- 
alin solution once daily. See periodic ophthalmia. 
Coital Vesicular Exanthema. Segregation; disin- 
fect the stables (liquor cresolis compositus, phenol); 102 
treat the local eruption with antiseptic astringents 
(zinc sulphate 1%, alum 1%, creolin 2%, lead acetate 
2-3%, dusting powder on ulcers). 
Colic, Spasmodic. Laxatives: sodii sulphas in 
electuary with ginger and glycyrrhiza; ol. lini with 
ether R 1; arecolin. Carminatives: aromatic spirits 
of ammonia; ol. terebinthinae R 3; acidum lacticum; 
capsicum; asafoetida. Sedatives in severe pain: 
chloral; F.E. cannabis per vein; chloroform; ether. 
Creolin. Rubefacients or heat to the abdomen; warm 
rectal injections. Restrict the diet. After-treatment 
as in acute gastro-intestinal catarrh. See acute in- 
digestion. 
Collapse. Saline solution (see sodii chloridum); 
camphorated oil per subcutis; ether; spiritus 
aetheris nitrosi; strychnin; alcohol; aromatic spirits 
of ammonia; blood transfusion; massage, heat, and 
warm coverings externally. 
Congestion. Pulmonary. Rest in a cool airy 
stall; rubefacients on the chest (spirits of mustard, 
mustard paste); vasodilators and diaphoretics (spiri- 
tus aetheris nitrosi, spiritus glycerylis nitratis, sodii 
nitris, aconite); venesection in active strong sub- 
jects. Stimulants in heart weakness (camphor, aro- 
matic spirits ammonia, caffein, strychnin, digitalis). 
Control the pain with narcotics: chloral, morphin. 
In threatened edema of the lungs give atropin per 
subcutis. 
Conjunctivitis. Catarrhal: equal parts saturated 
solution of boric acid and camphor water; protargol 
20%; hydrargyri oxidum flavum; saturated solution 
of boric acid; pyoktanin .1%; darkness; add %% 
cocain or alypin in pain; avoid storms and dust; 
zinc sulphate 2^-5 grains to the ounce; argenti nitras 103 
Suppurative and chronic: argenti nitras 2%; 
protargol 20%; touch granulating lids with argenti 
nitras mitagatus. Ulcerative cf keratitis. 
Contusion. Harness, saddle. Cold for first 12-24 
hours (stream of cold water, ice pack, solution of 
ammonium chlorid); follow with hot antiseptic com- 
press (creolin, sublimate, cataplasma kaolini), alco- 
hol or camphor bandage; when resorption is incom- 
plete and the acute symptoms have subsided use 
liniments with massage, or mild blisters. Abrasions: 
pyoktanin, sulphur iodid in oil, zinci sulphas, plumbi 
acetas, tannin, sublimate, alum. Prophylaxis: toughen 
the skin with tannic acid R 3, or alum; hair 
harness pads as a protection (cool and porous); 
raised zinc pad over the neck at the top of the 
collar; on removal of harness apply cold water and 
follow with alcohol, alcoholic solution of pyoktanin, 
or tannin solution. Shoulder: recent bruises are 
treated as above. When the acute symptoms recede 
and the resorption is incomplete apply resorbents: 
equal parts green soap and unguentum hydrargyri; 
unguentum hydrargyri; hydrargyri iodidum rubrum; 
cantharides 1:10-15 alcohol; mild blisters; liniments 
and massage. Operative in absence of acute symp- 
toms (heat and pain): free incision of recent hema- 
tomas (do not follow with irrigation or tampon); 
enucleation of fibromas and organized hematomas; 
incision and irrigation of abscesses, follow with anti- 
septic tampon (sublimate gauze) for 24 hours, then 
treat as an open wound: daily irrigation followed 
with plenty of dusting-powder. Elbow (Shoe Boil). 
Recent contusions are treated like harness and saddle 
bruises. When the acute symptoms recede treat like 
contusions of the shoulder. Prophylaxis: provide 
enough bedding to prevent bruising of the elbow on 104 
hard floors; tie a pad on the hoof to prevent injury 
from the heel calks. Hematoma. A subcutaneous 
collection of blood-serum following a bruise. After 
3-6 days make a free incision on the lower part of 
the swelling, press down the skin to exclude the fluid 
and bring the walls of the cavity in contact, do not 
irrigate, pack, or infect with the hands (healing per 
prima), disinfect the skin around the margins of the 
wound, and wash away the wound secretions that 
exude from the cavity. 
Coryza cf nasal catarrh. 
Cough cf nasal catarrh, pharyngitis, laryngitis, 
bronchitis, pneumonia, alveolar emphysema. 
Crop, Catarrh of. Evacuation: suspend the bird 
by the feet and gently massage the crop; or give tea- 
spoonful doses of 1% tartar emetic solution every 15 
minutes. Follow evacuation with astringents (dram 
doses of a 2% boric acid or tannin solution), diges- 
tants and bitters (dram doses of very dilute hydro- 
chloric acid, 30 drops of tincture of gentian several 
times daily). 
B 
Hydrargyri chloridi mite gr. i 
Sacchari lactis gr. xxx. 
M. Sig. For a hen 
Sodii bicarbonatis 
Pulv. rhei 
Pulv. menthae piperatae aa 5 i. 
M. Sig. A little on the point of a knife several times 
daily. 
Impaction of crop: evacuation as in catarrh; or in- 
cise, remove the contents and suture (prognosis 
good). After-treatment: as in catarrh. 
Curb cf capped hock. 105 
Cyst. Oral (ranula). Incision; excision with 
forceps and scissors; cauterize the cavity with ar- 
genti nitras or tincture of iodin. 
Cystitis (Cystic Catarrh). Provide complete rest 
in a warm room or stable with free access to water, 
and provide non-irritating food. Sedatives in irrita- 
tion: belladonna. Antiseptics: urotropin R 1, ben- 
zoic acid, acetate of potash, salol. Evacuate the blad- 
der with a sterile catheter or by means of pressure 
with the hand in the rectum. Irrigate: acid boric, or 
alum (1-3%). Balsams in the chronic form: spirits 
of turpentine, buchu, uva ursi, copaiba, balsam Peru, 
oil of sandalwood, juniper. 
Dandruff (mane, tail). Cleanse with warm water 
and tar soap, gasolene, creolin, or solution of soda; 
apply tar antiseptics; pyrogallol. See seborrheic ec- 
zema, and acne. 
Decubitis. Astringent antiseptics: plumbi acetas, 
alumen R 1, liquor alumini acetatis. Ointments: 
zinci sulphas. Desiccants: amylum, acid boric, tan- 
noform, tannin, oak bark, talcum. In necrosis apply 
hot antiseptic packs, or alcoholic packs until de- 
marcation occurs, then operate. 
Dermatitis. For pustular dermatitis on the ex- 
tremities of the dog apply plumbi iodidum. See 
eczema, acne, decubitis. 
Diarrhea. See gastro-intestinal catarrh, white 
scours, and gastro-enteritis. 
Distorsion cf sprain. 
Dog Distemper. Keep in a warm place and pro- 
vide plenty of air free from drafts. Intensive feeding 
with easily digested food: milk, beef broth, yolks of 
eggs, boiled meat, mucilaginous soups in gastric irri- 106 
tation. Symptomatic: see gastro-intestinal catarrh, 
emesis, diarrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia, conjuncti- 
vitis. Nervous symptoms: bromids, chloral, morphin. 
Paralysis: strychnin, arsenic, electricity, or thermo- 
cautery along the back. Heart weakness: strychnin, 
camphor, caffein, tincture strophanthus. Vaccines 
and serums. 
Dummies cf hydrocephalus. 
Dysentery. See gastro-enteritis, gastro-intestinal 
catarrh, white scours. 
Eclampsia. Morphin per subcutis (specific in 
bitches). Inhalation of chloroform; chloral hydrate. 
Eczema. Acute. Cleanse the parts with oil (cot- 
tonseed, olive, liquid petrox, to which 1-3% salicylic 
acid may be added), antiseptic solutions (creolin, 
therapogen), astringents (alum It 1, liquor alumini 
acetatis, liquor antisepticus, plumbi acetas R 1), or 
gasolene. Moist form: dry the skin and apply ab- 
sorbents (acid boric-pulvis antisepticus, amylum, 
talcum R 1 and 2, zinci oxidi It 1 and 2, glycerinum,' 
acid salicylic R 3), alcoholic antiseptics, silver ni- 
trate 2-10%, picric acid 1%. With less secretion ap- 
ply ointments, pastes, and solutions: zinci oxidum 
B 1 to 5, unguentum hydrargyri ammoniati, liquor 
alumini acetatis, liq. plumbi subacetatis-see plumbi 
acetas. With irritation apply suspensions: plumbi 
acetas It 2, liquor alumini acetatis It 1, linimentum 
exsiccans (Pick). Avoid soap, water, and tar, except 
in dry eczema. Chronic. Moist: powders and pastes 
as in the acute form, formalin It 1. Dry (squamous): 
pix liquida It 1 to 5; creolin baths, ointments, and 
liniments; sulphur iodid in oil; linimentum exsiccans 
It 1; petrox compounds; phenol It 1 and 2; naph- 
thalin. Seborrheic (dandruff, scurf): sulphur sub- 107 
limatum B 2 and 3, sulphur lotum (ung.), zinci oxi- 
dum B 5 and 6, pix liquida B 1, acidum tannicum B 
1, resorcinol B 1 to 3, creosote B 2. Follicular: 
avoid tar, otherwise as seborrheic; sulphuris sub- 
limatum B 1- Liquor calcis sulphuratae, or acid 
chromic 3% in sweat eczema, harness and saddle 
eczema. 
Edema. Pulmonary cf congestion. Subcuta- 
neous: hot compress on extremities to promote re- 
sorption; cold shower; belladonna liniment combined 
with massage; scarification followed by antiseptics 
when edema becomes excessive. Treat primary 
cause: heart disease, purpura, insufficient exercise. 
Emesis. Remove the cause in indigestion 
(emetics and laxatives to evacuate the bowels), 
otherwise suppress. Ice over the stomach in small 
animals, ice to swallow. Narcotics: chloral, morphin, 
cocain. Aromatics: ether, alcohol, camphor, aromatic 
spirits of ammonia. In the horse evacuate the stom- 
ach through stomach-tube. Give medicine through a 
stomach-tube to dog and cat to avoid emesis. 
B 
Cocainae hydrochloridi gr. ii 
Aq. chloroformae 3 iii 
Syrupi zingiberis 5 i. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful to tablespoonful every 2-4 hours 
for a dog. 
B 
Tincturae opii 3 iiss 
Tinct. nucis vomicae nt. xxx. 
M. 10-20 drops for a dog (Frohner). 
B 
Bismuthi subnitratis 3 iiss 
Acidi hydrocyanic! dil. nt. xx 
Aq. chloroformae q.s. 3 ii. 
M. Sig. Shake. Teacpoonful every 2 hours for a dog. 108 
Enteritis cf gastro-enteritis. 
Entropium. Treat the conjunctivitis in the first 
stages. Excise a piece of skin from the lower lid and 
suture so that the lid is turned out (everted). 
Epilepsy (Stomach Staggers). Light work, good 
care, laxatives (prolonged administration of small 
doses of salts), bromides (sodium or potassium). 
Vermifuges in pigs (ascaris) and dogs (tape-worms): 
santonin, areca, kamala, aspidium. 
Epistaxis (Nose-bleed). Rest; when persistent 
place ice over the frontal and nasal regions; inject 
astringents into the nostrils (alum 3%, adrenalin 
solution 1:1000). Perform tracheotomy and pack the 
nostrils with gauze tampons soaked in hot creolin 
solution. Extract of ergot per subcutis. Two per 
cent gelatin solution in .6% salt solution per vein. 
Narcotics to control excitement when present. 
Esophagitis. Demulcent and astringent drinks: 
linseed, potassium chlorate. Add cocain in intense 
pain, or give morphin. 
Estrus Equi cf carbon disulphid. 
Exanthema. Food (potatoes, distillery slop). 
Increase the roughage; exercise. Lime 3 2-4, or lime 
water 2-3 quarts daily. Keep the animals clean and 
dry. Local treatment: see eczema and phlegmon. 
Eye-lids cf wounds. 
Fistula. Clear the tract of foreign bodies or 
necrotic tissue (fascia, bone). Destroy the fistulous 
wall; curet, operation, cauterization, caustics (zinc 
chlorid, corrosive sublimate, copper sulphate); drain, 
irrigate, and disinfect. 
Lateral Cartilage (Quittor). Cauterize daily with 
a cherry-red iron until the bottom of the fistula is 109 
reached. This usually requires three or four days 
in mild cases, and when the lameness is slight the 
animal may be put to work as healing seems to 
occur faster with light exercise than with the animal 
standing at rest. Caustics: zinc chlorid, arsenic, cor- 
rosive sublimate. Operation: resection of the lateral 
cartilage according to Bayer. 
Salivary. Destroy the parotid gland with intra- 
glandular injections of Lugol's solution. Ligate the 
duct between the fistula and the gland. Scarify the 
fistulous wall and close with tobacco-pouch suture. 
Tooth. Remove the tooth. When it persists as 
the result of a diseased or splintered bone the ex- 
ternal opening should be enlarged with a curet or 
chisel, and all of the diseased bone removed in a 
similar manner, provide drainage, irrigate, pack for 
24 hours with sublimate gauze, then remove and 
treat as an open wound (daily irrigation with weak 
antiseptics or soda solution, disinfection, curettage 
of excessive and badly infected granulations). 
Spermatic cord. When the fistula is small dis- 
infect, or use caustics: zinci chloridum, argenti ni- 
tras, corrosive sublimate. Surgical removal of the 
thickened cord. Potassium iodid internally (con- 
flicting reports). 
Flies. Horn flies on cattle. Soap emulsion: dis- 
solve one-half pound of hard soap in a gallon of hot 
water; while still hot add one-half gallon of kerosene 
and shake. Use one part to eight or ten of water; 
apply in the form of a spray. Milk emulsion: milk 
1, kerosene 2, shake, use one part to eight to ten of 
water, apply in the form of a spray. Creolin %-l%. 
Wounds. Tar, creolin, oil of tar, acetanilid, iodoform, 
alum, naphthalin, eucalyptus. Laurel oil alone; or 110 
mixed with 10 parts linseed oil; or laurel oil 1, de- 
natured alcohol 4, linseed oil 5. Said to be very 
efficient. 
Foal-lameness cf navel-ill. 
Foot-rot. Cattle. Place air-slaked lime to a 
depth of four inches where the animals will walk 
through it several times daily, sprinkle it on the 
back part of the stall beds. Avoid mud in lanes and 
yard. Cleanse and disinfect between the claws: 
creolin, phenol, 1:500 alcoholic sublimate under 
bandage, cupri sulphas. Apply desiccants under a 
bandage: acetanilid, acid tannic, acid boric, calomel. 
Severe: cleanse; remove all necrotic tissue; moist 
antiseptic bandage until sloughing has stopped, then 
dry bandage (calomel, boric acid, tannin). Sheep. 
Segregate the diseased animals. Stand the sick and 
well for two to five minutes in one of the following: 
chlorinated lime 5% solution, phenol 3%, cupri sul- 
phas 10%. Severe: treat as in cattle. 
Forage Poisoning (Mycotic Indigestion; Intesti- 
nal Intoxication; Botulism). Dummy-like symptom 
(paresis): laxatives and purgatives: aloin drams 4-8 
for a horse; sodii sulphas one to two pounds daily; 
aloes; arecolin combined with strychnin. Purge the 
animal as soon as possible, though it sometimes re- 
quires heroic doses of salts or aloes. Administer 
medicine in the form of an electuary or pill (danger 
of foreign-body pneumonia from paralysis of the 
pharynx). Change the food and give a light laxative 
diet. 
Fowl Cholera. Treatment is useless. Prophy- 
laxis: quarantine new birds for one to two weeks. 
Remove all well birds to non-infected pens; kill and 
burn or bury the sick; remove and destroy droppings 111 
at least once daily. Cleanse and disinfect pens and 
utensils: phenol, acid carbolic crud., calx, formalin, 
corrosive sublimate, liquor cresolis compositus. 
Galls (harness, saddle) cf contusions. 
Gastroenteritis. Laxatives (ol. ricini, sodii or 
magnesii sulphas, calomel) with demulcents (R 11, 
pg. 10). Intestinal antiseptics: creolin, therapogen, 
sodium or acid salicylate, tannoform, sulphocarbo- 
lates. Stimulants: strychnin, ol. camphor per subcu- 
tis, caffein, coffee, aromatic spirits of ammonia, digi- 
talis, alcohol. Nourish with warm demulcent drinks 
containing eggs, milk, whiskey, etc. Control pain 
with narcotics: chloral, morphin. Check excessive 
purgation: tannin, morphin, tannoform. Keep the 
patient warm, dry, and clean. Remove feces promptly, 
disinfect dirty walls. In threatened collapse give 
warm sterile salt solution (teaspoonful of salt to the 
quart of sterile water) per vein, subcutis, or rectum. 
H. & C. 4-5 quarts; small animals 8-16 ounces. 
Gastric Distension cf indigestion, acute. 
Gastro-intestinal Catarrh. Acute in horse and 
cow. Withhold feed entirely or restrict the amount 
(mashes, roots, fine hay). Allow free access to 
water. Laxatives: one-half to one pound of salts 
daily with glycyrrhiza as an electuary; add gentian 
or nux vomica. Digestants and intestinal antiseptics: 
acidum hydrochloricum dilutum, creolin, therapogen. 
Diarrhea: laxatives followed with intestinal antisep- 
tics (creolin, therapogen, sulphocarbolates) and styp- 
tics (tannin, oak bark, tannoform). In weakness or 
collapse give stimulants as in gastro-enteritis. 
Acute intestinal catarrh in carnivora (Dog, Cat). 
Restrict the diet to beef broth, milk, and vegetable 
soups. Gastric engorgement: emetics (apomorphin), 112 
or laxatives (ol. ricini, calomel), or irrigation with 
the stomach-tube. Follow with digestants: pepsin, 
hydrochloric acid. Emesis: ice over the stomach, 
morphin, solution of bicarbonate of soda, aromatic 
spirits of ammonia, see prescriptions under emesis. 
Diarrhea: give laxatives and follow with intestinal 
antiseptics and astringents (acid lactic R 1, pulvis 
rhei comp., bismuth subnitrate R 1, opium, tannin, 
tannoform). When chronic irrigate per rectum with 
clysters of argenti nitras 1-5:1000, alum or tannin 
1-2%. Swine. Laxatives: ol. ricini, sodii sulphas. 
Emetics: veratrin % grain per subcutis. Diarrhea in 
sucklings and young. Restrict the diet. Laxatives: 
ol. ricini. Intestinal antiseptics and astringents: 
creolin, therapogen, salol, bismuth, argenti nitras 
(chronic), acid salicylic, opium, rheum, mistura con- 
tra diarrhoeum, tannoform, tannin. Antacids: sodium 
bicarbonate, milk of magnesia, lime water. Stimu- 
lants and demulcents: mucilaginous drinks (acacia, 
demulcent R 11 pg. 10, marshmallow, oatmeal) with 
eggs and whiskey; camphorated oil; strychnin; caf- 
fein; aromatic spirits of ammonia; chloral in pain. 
Carminatives: ginger, turpentine, capsicum. In 
threatened collapse give two quarts of a sterile salt 
solution (teaspoonful of salt to a quart of sterile 
water) per vein, subcutis, or rectum, or use blood 
transfusion. 
Gastro-intestinal Catarrh. Chronic. Succulent 
green food, fine hay, roots (carrots), mashes. Acidi 
hydrochloric! dilutum in the drinking water. Sal 
Carolini factitii R 1, sodii bicarbonas. Combine tan- 
nin and gentian, one-half to one ounce of each daily. 
Give a purgative followed with styptics (tannin) and 
intestinal antiseptics (therapogen). Carnivora. Di- 
lute hydrochloric acid, gentian, nux vomica, Carlsbad 113 
salts before meals (teaspoonful in water). In exces- 
sive fermentation give salicylates before meals (gr. 
4-8). 
Gid (Coenurus Cerebralis). Prophylaxis: de- 
stroy dogs; tape-worm treatment for dogs every two 
to three months (kamala, aspidium, areca). Burn 
the heads of affected sheep. 
Glossitis cf stomatitis. 
Goitre. Horse: inject into the gland 2% to 5 cc. 
of Lugol's solution, repeat in 10-14 days; tincture of 
iodin externally; potassium iodid internally. Dog: 
tincture of iodin or petrox iodin externally; paren- 
chymatous injection of Lugol's solution; potassium 
iodid and glandulae thyroidae internally. 
B 
lodoformi 1 
Ol. olivae 
Aetheris aa 5. 
M. Sig. Parenchymatous injection of %-l cc. for a 
dog with goitre. 
Grease-heel (Verrucose Dermatitis). Formalin 
pack 1:400 daily, curetting away the softened tissue 
after each removal of the bandage, with improvement 
alternate with dry dressings (tannin, boric acid). 
Pare away excessive growths with a sharp scalpel, 
cauterize with a cherry-red iron, apply powder (tan- 
nin, etc.) under a bandage. Single application of a 
10% aqueous solution of chromic acid followed with 
a bandage (Frbhner). Turpentine, or alcoholic sub- 
limate bandage. 
Heart Weakness. Digitalis, caffein, tincture of 
strophanthus, ol. camphor per subcutis, nux vomica 
R 1, belladonnae folia R 1, aromatic spirits of am- 
monia. 114 
Heat Eruption cf chronic follicular eczema and 
acne. 
Heaves cf alveolar emphysema. 
Hematoma cf contusion. 
Hemorrhage. External. Parenchymatous: Irri- 
gate with warm creolin solution; apply 1:1000 adre- 
nalin solution; tampon; pressure bandage; cautery. 
Arterial: forceps (Oschner's in deep vessels); liga 
ture. Internal. Uterine: ergot (Squibb's extract, 
3 %-l per subcutis in aqueous solution); adrenalin 
solution 1:1000-5000 per vein, or continuous intra- 
venous injection of 1:10000 adrenalin solution in .6% 
salt solution in collapse. Pulmonary: narcotics to 
suppress excitement and cough (morphin, chloral); 
injections of camphorated oil have been reported as 
very effective in human medicine; vasodilators 
(nitroglycerin every 15 minutes, to 3 hours; aconite); 
adrenalin (efficiency questioned); stimulants in 
after-weakness (digitalis, strychnin, camphor). Nasal 
cf epistaxis. 
Hernia. Recent: expectant treatment in the 
young, as the animal develops the hernia disappears. 
Hot compress under suspensory bandage, restrict the 
diet, and give mild laxatives. Operative treatment. 
Palliative: compression with a tampon and bandage; 
blister or caustics used with caution (paint lightly 
with concentrated sulphuric acid, or dilute with 3 
parts water or alcohol; single application of chromic 
acid 2, to water 1); ligation; suturing (harness-suture 
to slough off the hernial sac); clamps. Radical: in- 
cise the skin, return the hernial sac with contents 
into the abdominal cavity, suture the hernial ring, 
suture the skin, and apply an antiseptic pack under 
an abdominal bandage. Scrotal in stallions: with the 115 
hand in the rectum pull gently on the intestine to 
bring it back through the inguinal ring, while an as- 
sistant grasps the scrotal sac and pushes up from 
below; after the intestines have been returned into 
the abdominal cavity apply counter-irritants in the 
form of a mild blister over the region of the external 
inguinal ring, and support the testicles in a suspen- 
sory. Inguinal with incarceration: as scrotal; or 
castration by means of the covered operation, en- 
larging the internal ring at the anterior margin if 
necessary for the return to the abdominal cavity of 
the hernial contents, suture the internal ring, pack 
with a sublimate gauze tampon held in position with 
skin sutures. 
Hip Lameness. Acute: permanent cold irriga- 
tion; massage with rubefacients (linimentum, unguen- 
tum hydrargyri, petrox compounds, tincture of iodin); 
hot compress; alcohol or camphor compress. Chronic: 
blisters (hydrargyri iodidum rubrum, cantharides, ol. 
tiglii); thermo-cautery with blisters; irritants per 
subcutis or intramuscular (veratrin gr. l1/^ to water 
3i-Moeller; sodii chloridi 10%; Lugol's solution and 
water equal parts), inject under the skin or directly 
into the muscles over the hip joint. 
Hollow Wall. Hoof. Cleanse the cavity until 
normal white line is reached; fill with oakum and tar 
to exclude filth; cut away the wall to relieve pressure 
from the shoe; apply a bar shoe with frog pressure 
over oakum and a leather pad. Complete removal of 
the loose or undermined wall. 
Hydrocephalus, Chronic (Dummies). Laxative 
food, light work, protect the animal from the sun. 
Laxatives: sodii sulphas one-fourth to one pound 
daily; aloin drams 4-8; strychnin. Pilocarpine or 116 
arecolin 2-3 grains daily, usually less efficient than 
salts. 
Hydrothorax. Dry food. Treat the primary dis- 
ease (contagious pleuropneumonia, heart disease). 
Laxatives: Carlsbad salts. Diuretics: digitalis, po- 
tassium acetate, juniper, turpentine, caffein R 2-3. 
Paracentesis daily is the most efficient treatment. 
Icterus. See acute gastro-intestinal catarrh (ca- 
tarrh of the duodenum and bile duct), influenza, azo- 
turia, purpura, anemia (degeneration of the blood). 
Impaction cf indigestion. 
Impotency. Intensive feeding except in fat ani- 
mals; exercise; nux vomica; cantharides; yohimbin 
(Merck). Examine genital organs and secretions 
for evidence of infection. 
Indigestion, Acute. Horse. Gastric, mild. With- 
hold all food. Laxatives: sodii sulphas, 3 8-16; are- 
colin, gr. %-%; aloin; aloes. Antiferments: oleum 
pini; aromatic spirits of ammonia, creolin, ol. tur- 
pentine, therapogen. Carminatives: ginger, capsicum. 
Severe: relieve tympany with the stomach-tube passed 
through the nose or mouth. When the stomach is dis- 
tended with food remove this through the tube by 
means of repeated injections, syphoning out as much 
as possible after each injection. Narcotics in intense 
pain: chloral, cannabis Indica per vein. Follow re- 
covery from the acute symptoms with Carlsbad salts 
R 1; dilute hydrochloric acid; arseni trioxidum R 3. 
Restrict the diet during convalescence. Intestinal 
Indigestion. Withhold all food, move the animal at 
a slow walk, or place in a large box stall with deep 
bedding. Give laxatives, antiferments and carmina- 
tives as in the gastric form. Rubefacients on the 
abdomen (spirits of mustard, ol. turpentine); cold 117 
water enemas to stimulate the peristalsis. Intesti- 
nal Impaction : give a quart of oil followed in a few 
hours with arecolin gr. this may be repeated night 
and morning until the impaction is relieved. Rapid 
cathartics may also be used from the first. A useful 
procedure in any case where evacuation of the bowels 
is desired is to give % to 1 grain of arecolin, followed 
in one-half to an hour with a similar dose of eserin. 
Withhold all food until the impaction is relieved. 
Give clysters of warm water injected slowly and in 
large quantities, allow free access to water, give 
strychnin in small doses, massage the flanks, ru- 
befacients over the abdomen. Tympany : enemas of 
cold water, ether (3 %) in a pint of water, or soap 
and glycerin in water. Cold water on the abdomen; 
massage the flanks; trocarize under antiseptic pre- 
cautions at the point where the distension is great- 
est. Laxatives: arecolin and eserin in small doses, 
sodii sulphas. 
Acute Indigestion in the Cow. Withhold all food. 
Laxatives and purgatives: arecolin and strychnin; 
sodii sulphas; aloes; barium chlorid; arecovetrol. 
Antiferments: capsicum, aromatic spirits of ammonia, 
creolin, therapogen, salicylates. Massage the rumen 
in the left flank except in cases of advanced preg- 
nancy. Rubefacients: ol. terebinthinae, spirits of mus- 
tard, linimentum. In weakness and advanced preg- 
nancy depend mainly on intestinal antiseptics 
(salicylates, creolin, therapogen) and heart stimu- 
lants (strychnin, caffein, ol. camphor, nux vomica 
R 1); use mild laxatives repeatedly, avoid rapid and 
severe cathartics. After-treatment: Carlsbad salts 
and bitters (nux, gentian), or dilute hydrochloric 
acid. See tympany. 118 
Acute Indigestion in Swine. Bestrict the diet, 
give milk and roots. Emetics in gastric engorge- 
ment (veratrin % grain). Laxatives: three ounces 
of salts mixed with meal and linseed oil and given in 
the form of an electuary; or castor oil may be given 
in the milk. 
Acute Indigestion in the Dog and Cat. Bestrict 
the diet (milk, meat broth), or all food may be with- 
held. Bestrict the amount of water. Laxatives: calo- 
mel, castor oil. Emetics in gastric engorgement 
(apomorphin). Stomachics. 
B 
Tinct. nucis vomicae 3 i 
Tinct. gentianae comp. 3 iii 
Acidi hydrochlorici dil. nt.xxx 
Aquae q.s. 5 v. 
M. Teaspoonful to a tablespoonful three times daily 
for a dog. 
B 
Acidi hydrochlorici dil. 
Pepsini aa 5 i 
Aquae q.s. 5 viii. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 2-3 times daily 
for a dog (Schlampp). 
Indigestion, Chronic. Horse. See gastro-intes- 
tinal catarrh. Cow. Withhold all food until after 
marked hunger is shown and recovery is complete, 
then restrict the amount and give plenty of salt. 
Massage the paunch in the left flank, except in cases 
of advanced pregnancy. Laxatives and purgatives: 
arecovetrol; sodii sulphas; aloin; arecolin and strych- 
nin; aloes; barium chlorid. In persistent impaction 
introduce through a trocar or the stomach-tube 5-10 
gallons of water into the rumen. 119 
Antimonii et potassii tartratis 3 iv 
Aloes 5iss 
Sodii sulphatis § xvi. 
M. Give in a drench to a cow with persistent im- 
paction. 
Stomachics: acidum hydrochloricum dilutum (one- 
half ounce 3-6 times daily well diluted); sal Carolini 
factitii R 1. Intestinal antiseptics: creolin, thera- 
pogen, salicylates. In depression, weakness, or ad- 
vanced pregnancy avoid shock, depend on antiseptics 
and stimulants as in acute indigestion. Dog and Cat 
cf gastro-intestinal catarrh. 
Influenza. When possible segregate the sick and 
disinfect the stables (phenol, liquor cresolis composi- 
tus). Provide an airy dry place protected against 
drafts, avoid dark basement stables. In summer the 
horses should be turned in a yard in pleasant 
weather. Laxative diet: green grass, carrots, bran 
mashes. The medicinal treatment is symptomatic: 
nasal catarrh, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, 
acute intestinal catarrh, gastro-enteritis, heart fail- 
ure, depression. The coal tar antipyretics (acetani- 
lid) should be avoided with the possible exception of 
extreme hyperthermia. Prevent constipation with 
small daily doses of Carlsbad salts. In weakness 
and depression stimulate: camphorated oil per sub- 
cutis, strychnin, digitalis R 3. In the weakness and 
anorexia of convalescence the horse may be nour- 
ished with quart doses of milk to which a little 
whiskey has been added, this may be given per 
rectum or through a stomach-tube. Avoid routine 
treatment and heart depressants (aconite). 
Intestinal Catarrh cf gastro-intestinal catarrh. 
Iritis cf ophthalmia. 120 
Keratitis. In infectious keratitis of sheep and 
cattle infiltrate the lid-sac once or twice daily with 
a 2% solution of argenti nitras. See conjunctivitis. 
Knee Tumors (Precarpal bursitis; Precarpal 
Hematomas). Cow. For the treatment of recent 
cases see contusion, in cattle blisters may be used 
early. When the fluid is encapsuled make a free 
incision in the median line, follow with daily anti- 
septic irrigation, and blisters around the margin to 
promote resorption. In the summer apply oil of 
laurel to protect against flies. 
Laminitis. Acute. Laxatives: arecolin gr. 1-1^ 
night and morning, pilocarpin, aloin, sodii sulphas. 
Diuretics: potassii nitras or acetas. Local cold ap- 
plications in the very first stages (stand in cold wa- 
ter, hose) followed with heat (hot foot-bath). Adren- 
alin per subcutis in the region of the digital vein. 
Chronic: bar shoe with frog pressure, pack with tar 
and oakum under a leather sole, ease the wall pres- 
sure in the region of the toe. If an open shoe is used 
provide wide branches concaved above to protect the 
sole. 
Laryngitis. Acute (Laryngeal Catarrh). Fresh 
air free from dust, drafts, and stable gases; laxative 
food (roots, beef broth for dogs) and laxatives 
(Carlsbad salts, calomel). Cough: heroin, morphin, 
codein, cf bronchitis. Inhalants: turpentine, menthol, 
creolin. 
Heroini hydrochloridi gr. viii 
Potassii acetatis 3 iii 
Tinct. aconiti 3 iv 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi 3 iv 
Syrupi q.s. O. i. 
M. Sig. An ounce every two hours for cough and 
fever in a horse. Teaspoonful doses for a dog. 121 
Laryngitis. Chronic. See sedatives and expec- 
torants in bronchitis. Potassii iodidum R 1. Astrin- 
gent antiseptics applied daily: argenti nitras 2-5%. 
In large animals inject through a small catheter in- 
serted through the nasal passage, or through a needle 
inserted behind the larynx 5 cc. of a 1% argenti 
nitras solution. Rubefacients externally: tincture of 
iodin, cantharides, linimentum. 
Leucoma (Turbid Cornea). Unguentum hydrar- 
gyri oxidi flavi or rubri (1-4%); dionin; dust calomel 
or iodoform on the cornea with a small brush; in- 
curable when long-standing. 
Leucorrhea cf catarrhal metritis. 
Lice (Pediculosis). Creolin solution (2%) ap- 
plied thoroughly and rubbed in with a stiff brush 
(palmetto); tobacco (5% of the decoction); pyre- 
thrum; anise oil; unguentum hydrargyri dilutum; 
arseni trioxidum. Hens: sulphur or aniseed 2-5 parts 
to 100 of sand for a bath. White hellebore one part 
to aniseed two parts. Dust the birds with slaked 
lime. Gasolene 3, cresol 1, plaster of Paris enough 
to make a dry purplish powder. Disinfect the pens 
with a spray apparatus (liquor cresolis compositus, 
phenol, calx chlorinata). 
Licking Disease. Cattle eat bones and fences. 
Acidum hydrochloridum dilutum; apomorphin; calcii 
phosphas praecipitatus; calcii carbonas praecipita- 
tus; bonemeal. 
Lip-and-leg Ulceration. Leafy roughage; sulphur 
iodid and oil (1:8) applied daily with a brush. 
Lung-worm Disease (Strongylus Filaria). Re- 
move the sheep and lambs from the infested pasture; 
intense feeding; water in troughs and not from the 122 
ground; disinfect the pens. Drain and cultivate in- 
fested fields. Intratracheal injections: phenol 1%, 
15 cc. for lambs, 20 cc. for calves; potassium picrate 
1-2 to water 1000, 5 cc. for sheep, 50 cc. for cows. 
01. terebinthinae 
Ol. olivae aa 100 
Creolini 10. 
M. Sig. Inject into the 
trachea. 5 cc. for lambs, 
20 cc. for calves; re- 
peat twice at four-day 
intervals. 
Creosoti 20 
Ol. olivae 100. 
M. Sig. Intratracheal 
injection. 5 cc. for 
lambs; 15-20 cc. for 
calves; repeat in four 
days. 
Luxation of Patella (Upward Luxation; Stifle- 
cramp-Bayer, Frbhner). Move the animal suddenly 
with whip or cold water; use fine short bedding in 
place of long straw. Blister when the luxation tends 
to persist. 
Lymphangitis (Phlegmon of the hind Limb). 
Purgatives: arecolin, aloin, aloes, sodii sulphas in 
small daily doses as a laxative and resorbent. Diu- 
retics: potassii nitras or acetas. See phlegmon for 
external treatment. 
Mange. Horse, Cow. Clip the entire animal, 
scrub thoroughly with warm soap and water; re- 
maining scabs may be removed after softening with 
oil for 24 hours, gasolene is useful in removing dan- 
druff. Follow with parasiticides: Individual cases 
respond well to Vienna Tar Liniment-one part each 
of tar and sulphur, two parts each of green soap and 
alcohol, mix and rub in thoroughly with a stiff brush. 
When treating several animals the most practical 
and effective method is to dip in lime and sulphur 
solution. As a substitute for a vat one may use an 
ordinary spray pump attached to a barrel; this may 123 
be applied warm three times weekly. Sheep. Sul- 
phur iodid and oil 1:8-10; nicotin dip, keep the sheep 
in a .7% aqueous solution for two to three minutes 
(B. A. I.); sulphur sublimatum B 4; creolin 2-3%. 
Dog and Cat. Fix liquida B 1; balsam Peru; cupri 
oleatum; creolin liniment. Cleanse the skin as in 
treatment of mange in the horse. When the entire 
animal is to be treated apply the parasiticide to one- 
fourth to one-half of the body at a time, leave for 24 
hours, remove, and repeat in another place. Schin- 
delka recommends carbon disulphid in persistent 
cases with thickening of the skin. A pledget of cotton 
soaked with the drug is pressed firmly against the 
diseased part for a few minutes, after complete evap- 
oration cover with formalin B 1- 
Mastitis. Milk frequently, restrict the diet, lax- 
atives (salts, arecolin). Hot compress held in posi- 
tion with a suspensory bandage. Rubefacients and 
massage: acidum salicylicum B 1; camphor B 2; 
sapo mollis; linimentum belladonnae or terebin- 
thinae; ichthyol ointment 10-25%. Catarrhal: irri- 
gate the teat canal (pyoktanin 1:1000, boric acid, 
therapogen) under strict antiseptic precautions. 
Boric acid treatment: milk the udder completely dry; 
inject 120-180 cc. of a 3% sterile boric acid solution; 
milk out the udder in 3-4 hours; repeat the milking 
every 3-4 hours until recovery; repeat the treatment 
in three days if necessary. Bacterins, vaccines. 
Abscess: incise, irrigate, and disinfect. 
B 1 
Camphorae 10 
lodi 5 
Adipis 50. 
M. Sig. Ointment for 
mastitis (Bang). 
B 2 
Sapo mollis 100 
Acidi salicylici 10. 
M. Sig. Ointment for 
mastitis. 124 
Meconium, Retention of. Repeated clysters of 
warm solutions of bicarbonate of soda through a 
horse catheter. Laxatives: ol. ricini. 
Metritis. Catarrhal. Irrigate the uterus twice 
daily with warm mild antiseptics: therapogen, po- 
tassium permanganate. Septic. Irrigate one to three 
times daily through a rubber tube that reaches to the 
end of the affected horn; insert a second larger tube 
through the os uteri for the discharge of the fluid 
and exudate; use 5-6 gallons of mild antiseptic; 
after the fluid is removed leave in the uterus a pint 
of 2% Lugol's solution in liquid petrolatum. Chronic 
Catarrhal (Leucorrhea). Dilate the os uteri and 
douche the uterus once a week with saline solution. 
Follow with 2% aqueous solution of Lugol's, or 1:1000 
acriflavin solution. Contraction of uterus is pro- 
moted by squeezing out cysts or corpora lutea, in 
some cases by the injection of pituitary extract. 
Milk. Blue, red, yellow, soapy, slimy, bitter, etc. 
These conditions are usually due to some infection in 
the udder. Disinfect the udder as in mastitis (boric 
acid treatment), massage the udder several minutes 
after the injection. Wash and disinfect the cow: 
tail, abdomen, legs, udder. Disinfect the stall and 
utensils, protect against flies. 
Nasal Catarrh (Coryza). Keep the animal in a 
warm well-ventilated place free from drafts or stable 
gases. Work lightly in mild cases. Give laxative 
food (carrots, bran mashes), and laxatives (small 
daily doses of Carlsbad salts). Inhalants: turpen- 
tine, creolin, menthol. Astringent antiseptics in nasal 
passage: alum, creolin, tannin 2%. 1$ 3, pg. 9; anti- 
monii et potassii tartras R 3 and 4. 
Nail Punctures cf wounds. 125 
Navel. Impervious Urachus: thoroughly cauter- 
ize the opening with a stick of argenti nitras fusus, 
insert into the external opening repeatedly until it is 
closed; or disinfect and ligate the end of the urachus 
and apply astringents (tannin, argenti nitras). In- 
flammations of the Navel (Omphalitis). Disinfectants 
(sublimate or creolin pack, tincture of iodin); incise, 
drain, and disinfect in suppurative omphalitis. 
Navel-ill (Joint-ill; Omphalo-phlebitis). Drain 
and disinfect the navel. With slight arthritis apply 
hot antiseptic packs to the joints (phenol 5%, creolin 
5%, sublimate), inunctions of grey mercurial oint- 
ment (33%), or petrox iodin 5-10%. General infec- 
tion, see white scours (very fatal). Prophylaxis: 
provide for birth in a disinfected clean stall; disinfect 
the external genitals of the dam previous to the birth 
of the young; disinfect the stump of the cord (iodin, 
argenti nitras 10%, and dust with tannin or iodo- 
form); isolate new-born animals; isolate calves from 
other animals for at least two weeks and feed only 
in clean sterile pails; frequent disinfection of the 
stables in which infection is present. Polyvalent 
serum, serum from blood of dam. 
Navicular Disease. Soak the hoof thoroughly 
when dry and brittle; apply heel springs to spread 
the hoof; apply a four-calk shoe with bar to protect 
but not press on the frog, packing the hoof with tar 
and oakum and covering with a leather sole; rubber 
pads. Digital (low) neurectomy when proper shoeing 
and care of the hoof fails to relieve the lameness. 
Ophthalmia. Periodic. Lugol's solution 1 cc. in- 
jected into fatty pad twice a month. Darken the stall, 
withhold dusty roughage. Potassium iodid 3 2% daily 
Nosebleed cf epistaxis. 126 
with one to two week pauses if iodism appears; pack 
soaked with a 5% potassium iodid solution over the 
eye; iodipin 10% on the conjunctival mucous mem- 
brane daily, to this may be added adrenalin solution 
to make 1:5000 in congestion. When the acute symp- 
toms relax use atropin gr. 1% to distilled water 3 5 
to keep the pupil dilated (prevents adhesion between 
the iris and lens). 
Orchitis. Suspensory bandage over a hot pack 
(hot water, cataplasma kaolini); chloroform B 2. 
Otorrhea (Otitis). Cleanse the part with a warm 
solution of bicarbonate of soda. Follow with astrin- 
gent antiseptics: acid boric R 2; acid tannin 5% in 
alcohol or glycerin; argenti nitras; acid salicylic; 
creolin; zinci sulphas; bismuthi dithiosalicylas; anti- 
septic powders, cf pulvis. 
Paralysis. General. See forage poisoning, cere- 
brospinal meningitis, septic metritis. Peripheral: 
strychnin, veratrin, massage, blisters, firing with a 
small point over the affected parts, or electricity. 
Pharyngeal: feed through a stomach-tube, examine 
for tumors or pus. Treat with electricity and mas- 
sage. The prognosis is bad. Postpartum (Parturient 
Paresis; Milk Fever). Infiltrate the udder with air 
or oxygen. Adrenalin solution per vein or subcutis. 
Excitants: camphor, caffein. After-treatment: laxa- 
tives, light diet, and bitters. Prophylaxis: laxatives 
and light diet previous to parturition; incomplete re- 
moval of the milk from the udder for one week after 
calving. 
Oxyurus cf worms. 
Paraplegia (Sacral Paralysis). Place the animal 
in slings; liniments and mild blisters over the lum- 
bar region; strychnin per subcutis. 127 
Paresis cf paraplegia and paralysis. 
Parotitis. Acute: hot antiseptic pack; cata- 
plasma kaolini. Subacute: rubefacients (spirits of 
mustard, unguentum hydrargyri, linimentum). 
Chronic: blisters. Abscess: incise early. 
Parturient Paresis cf paralysis postpartum. 
Peritonitis. Light laxative diet. Rubefacients on 
the abdomen: spirits of mustard 10-15%; camphor, 
alcohol, or Priessnitz bandage. Demulcents: R 11, 
pg. 10. Sedatives in extreme pain: morphin, canna- 
bis Indica. Intestinal antiseptics: creolin, therapo- 
gen, salicylic acid, calomel. Circulatory stimulants: 
camphorated oil per subcutis, digitalis, saline enemas, 
strychnin. 
Pharyngitis. Fresh warm air free from dust and 
stable gases. Laxative food (grass, roots, bran 
mashes, leafy hay), promptly remove all food not 
eaten. Keep the nose and manger clean with disin- 
fectants. Cool fresh water often with potassium 
chlorate 5 1 to the pail. In severe pain withhold 
food and water for one or two days giving enemas 
of water for thirst. External applications of heat 
(creolin, cataplasma kaolini) or rubefacients (spirits 
of mustard). Incise abscesses early. In severe dysp- 
nea perform tracheotomy. Give nourishment through 
a stomach-tube (oatmeal water, linseed meal water) 
if it can be done without causing excitement or irrita- 
tion. Inhalants: creolin, oil of turpentine, benzoin, 
menthol, phenol. Astringent antiseptics through the 
nose by means of a special spray apparatus, or small 
catheter attached to the end of a syringe: argenti 
nitras 1%, potassium chlorate 5%, hydrogen peroxid, 
tinct. ferri chlor. 2%, tinct. iodin 10% in glycerin. 
Expectorants: antimonii et potassii tartras B 2 in 128 
first stages; ammonii chloridum with free exudation; 
combine expectorants with sedatives in pain and 
cough and give in the form of a syrup or electuary 
(powdered licorice root and water, molasses, honey). 
See potassii chloras B 1 and 2, ammonium chlorid 
B 1. 
B 1 
Tinct. ferri chlor. § iii 
Potassii chloratis 5 i 
F. E. hyoscyami 5 i 
Glycerini 5 ii 
Aquae q.s. 5 viii. 
M. Sig. One ounce ev- 
ery 2-3 hours in phleg- 
monous pharyngitis. 
B 2 
Ammonii chloridi 
Anisi aa Ji 
Sal Carolini fac. § viii 
Glycyrrhizae et aquae 
q.s. electuarii. 
Sig. Give a tablespoon- 
ful with a paddle on the 
tongue several times 
daily (v.k.). 
Phlegmon. Acute: hot antiseptic compress (cre- 
olin, sublimate, cataplasma kaolini); alcohol or cam- 
phor bandage; camphor ointment, see petrox; avoid 
counter-irritation. Subacute: massage with resorb- 
ents (linimentum, sapo mollis, unguentum hydrar- 
gyri dilutum) under a bandage; in later stages use 
mild blisters under a bandage. Phlegmon of hind 
limb (lymphangitis): purgative (aloes, aloin, arecolin, 
pilocarpin); hot compress on the leg; camphor or 
alcohol bandage; bathe with hot water or astringents 
(acid picric, acetum). In later stages use massage 
and resorbents (linimentum, sapo mollis, mercurial 
ointments). After the swelling and acute pain recede 
give the animal light exercise, and give an after- 
treatment of resolvents (Carlsbad salts). 
Phimosis cf prepuce. 
Placenta. Retention. Remove after 24-72 hours. 
Wash and disinfect the external parts; carefully 
separate the fetal and maternal placentae; in the 129 
presence of infection or putrefaction follow with 
irrigation as in septic metritis (5-6 gallons of a weak 
antiseptic solution); when discharge follows removal 
irrigate daily until closure of the os uteri. See 
metritis. After removal leave a pint of liquid 
petrolatum in the uterus. 
Pleuritis. Fresh air free from dust and drafts. 
Rubefacients over the chest: spirits of mustard, tur- 
pentine liniment, ammonia, see linimentum. Laxa- 
tives: salts, or Carlsbad salts one to two ounces 
daily. Diaphoretics and vasodilators in the first 
stage: aconite, spirits of nitrous ether, spiritus gly- 
cerylis nitratis. Narcotics for pain: morphin, chloral. 
See hydrothorax. 
Pleurodynia cf pleuritis, and congestion (pul- 
monary). 
Pneumonia. Bronchial (Catarrhal). See lobar 
pneumonia and bronchitis. Segregate the sick, take 
daily temperatures of the well. Perform paracentesis 
daily in hydrothorax. Disinfect the stalls. 
Pneumonia. Calf (Infectious Pneumonia). Iso- 
late cows advanced in pregnancy; disinfect the calf 
pens; segregate the sick; intensive feeding and pure 
air; give creosote in the milk; apply spirits of mus- 
tard on the chest; stimulate with camphor, caffein, 
and ammonia as in lobar pneumonia, which see. Vac- 
cines, bacterins, serum. 
Pneumonia. Gangrenous. Usually fatal. In- 
halants: creolin, tar, creosote. Intratracheal injec- 
tions through a tracheotomy tube of equal parts oil 
of turpentine and olive oil, or 1% creosote solution, 
or glycerin and tincture of iodin 10%. Turpentine, 
camphor, and creolin internally. 130 
Pneumonia. Lobar (Croupous; Fibrinous). Fresh 
air free from dust and drafts; warm blankets and 
bandages in cold weather; slings and stimulants in 
weakness; massage the legs; laxative palatable food 
(grass, leafy hay, roots, mashes) in small amounts 
and often; water frequently. For early congestive 
stage with rapid pulse and high fever see congestion 
(pulmonary). Internal treatment: saline laxatives in 
small repeated doses to control constipation (sal 
Carolini factitii). Give stimulants in marked depres- 
sion and heart weakness: camphorated oil per sub- 
cutis, camphor, digitalis, caffein, tincture of strophan- 
thus, alcohol, ammonia (aromatic spirits, carbonate). 
R 1 
Strychninae sul- 
phatis gr. vii 
Digitalini Ger- 
manici gr. ix 
Atropinae sul- 
phatis gr. ii 
Aquae 3 ii. 
M. Sig. 5 cc. per sub- 
cutis in great circula- 
tory depression in horse 
or cow. % cc. for a 
large dog. 
R 2 
Potassii iodi 5 i 
Ammonii chloridi 5 ii 
Aquae q.s. 3 viii. 
M. Sig. One-half ounce 
4 times daily in stage 
of consolidation. 
In dyspnea give lobelia, belladonna, or spirits of 
nitrous ether. In resolution give expectorants: B 3, 
pg. 9; ipecacuanha; antimonii et potassii tartras; 
ammonii chloridum. See bronchitis. Depend mainly 
on pure air, and stimulation in weakness and collapse, 
avoid routine treatment and useless medication. 
Pododermatitis. Superficial (dark thin exudate): 
remove enough horn to supply drainage and apply 
hot antiseptic packs (creolin, sublimate); follow with 
antiseptic powders under bandage, cauterize with 131 
thermo-cautery or lunar caustic. Aseptic (contu- 
sions of the pododerm; corns). Soak in warm water 
for 12-24 hours; apply a bar shoe to distribute con- 
cussion and relieve pressure on the bruised part, 
packing the sole with tar and oakum and covering 
with a leather sole. Bruises at the ends of the 
branches (corns) may be relieved by paring down 
the corresponding plantar border of the wall so that 
it does not come in contact with the shoe (remove all 
pressure from the affected quarter). Suppurative 
(deep): remove all undermined horn and thin the 
horn around the margins of the wound to avoid in- 
tense pain from protrusion of the pododerm (hernia 
of the pododerm). When the pododerm is infiltrated 
with pus it should be thoroughly removed by means 
of a curet, then cauterize with a thermo-cautery or 
lunar caustic, and cover with a moist or dry antisep- 
tic tampon (sublimate, creolin, formalin 14-1%, tan- 
nin, tannoform, iodoform) held firmly in position with 
a bandage, or wood or steel splint when the shoe is 
retained. 
Poll-evil. Acute inflammation of the poll (con- 
tusion), see contusion for treatment. Suppurative 
bursitis: operation-remove the overlying ligamen- 
tum nuchae, excise the newly-formed sclerotic tissue, 
make a gutter in the occipital crest, and pack with 
sublimate gauze (William's operation). 
Pox, Horse cf coital vesicular exanthema. 
Prepuce. Inflammation. Acute: prolonged irri- 
gation with hot antiseptics (creolin), apply a hot 
antiseptic suspensory when the tissues are swollen 
or phlegmonous, in the later stages inject astringent 
antiseptics into the prepuce (cupri sulphas, zinci 
sulphas, argenti nitras 1-2%, alumen). Cattle: irri- 132 
gate the prepuce with a warm saline solution, or 
potassium permanganate; when the acute symptoms 
have passed use astringent antiseptics as above. 
Dog: prolonged use of astringent antiseptics (lead, 
argenti nitras, alumen). Phimosis. Treat the acute 
symptoms as in inflammation; remove the chronic 
thickenings by means of a surgical operation. With 
extensive adhesions around the end of the penis make 
an artificial opening into the urethra through the 
ventral surface. Paraphimosis: compress of hot 
creolin solution, apply astringent antiseptics (alum, 
tannin), surgical removal of chronic thickenings, 
when otherwise incurable amputate the penis. 
Prolapse. Rectum. Intestinal astringents in 
diarrhea (check the diarrhea); laxatives in constipa- 
tion. Raise the hind parts; bathe the prolapsed tis- 
sues with astringent antiseptics (alumen, lead) and 
return; control straining with local anesthetics ap- 
plied in mucilaginous clysters, or administer chloral. 
Pigs: trim down the prolapsed part with scissors, 
disinfect with astringents and return. Uterus. Nar- 
cotize the animal (chloroform, chloral); elevate the 
hind parts; thoroughly cleanse the uterus by wash- 
ing repeatedly with a warm solution of bicarbonate 
of soda having the uterus supported on a sheet or in 
a large dish-pan to protect it from filth; disinfect 
with a mild antiseptic (therapogen, creolin); replace 
with the hands; fill the horn of the returned uterus 
with a warm solution of bicarbonate of soda or cre- 
olin to fully return the end of the horn; control any 
straining that may be present with chloral, when re- 
turned promptly and carefully straining is rare. Va- 
gina. Cleanse, disinfect, and return the prolapsed 
parts; retain with a shoe-lace suture of raw-hide belt 133 
lacing inserted through the thick skin on either side 
of the vulva, or the parts may be held in position 
with an iron truss. Build a platform to raise the 
hind parts in animals that have a tendency to pro- 
lapse (prophylaxis). 
Pruritus. Laxatives and laxative foods (carrots) 
for well-nourished animals. Arsenic, salts, and cre- 
olin internally to correct a possible gastro-intestinal 
catarrh. Externally apply a 1-5% alcoholic or glyc- 
erin solution of salicylic acid, phenol, or tar. Daily 
baths in which there is tar soap, or creolin. Menthol 
B 2-6, phenol, chloral camphoratum, cocain, resorcin, 
formalin B 2. 
Purpura. Solution of adrenalin per vein or sub- 
cutis, fresh air, an abundance of nourishing food, 
belladonna externally when the parts are badly 
swollen, tracheotomy as soon as the swellings around 
the pharynx threaten dyspnea, avoid pressure from 
halter straps on the affected parts. Hydrochloric 
acid 5 % to a pail of water, quinin, protargol per 
vein (3 2-5 of a 5% solution 2-3 times daily), iron 
preparations, turpentine. Blood transfusion. 
Quarter Cracks. Prevent movement of the af- 
fected part by making a V-shaped groove, the 
branches of the V meeting below the lower end of 
the crack; apply a bar shoe with leather sole and 
oakum packing to remove pressure from the affected 
quarter. Fixation of the crack with clamps, spring, 
or bandage around the hoof. The essential feature 
is to prevent movement of the horn, or concussion at 
the coronary band. Side-wall cracks: provide rest as 
above, and pare away the corresponding part of the 
plantar border of the wall to prevent concussion of 
the affected part. Toe-crack: cut out a half-moon sec- 134 
tion from the plantar border of the horn-wall at the 
toe to relieve pressure from the shoe, and raise toe- 
clips on either side of this section to fix the margins 
of the cleft. Apply clamps and springs as above. 
Thin down the thick abrupt margins of the cleft with 
a rasp. 
Rachitis. Nourishing food rich in lime (grain, 
clover, alfalfa, peas, beans, bonemeal, pasture). Out- 
door life in summer, airy light dry stable in winter. 
Add lime water to the milk. Calcii carbonas, phos- 
phorus (efficiency in doubt), acidum hydrochloricum 
dilutum, acidum phosphoricum dilutum. 
Ranula cf cyst. 
Rheumatism. Acute. Local treatment: massage 
the parts with liniments (alcohol, camphor, chloro- 
form, turpentine, methyl salicylate), apply hot packs, 
or alcohol bandage. Internally: salicylates with laxa- 
tives and diaphoretics, acidum acetyl-salicylicum R 1. 
R 1 
Acetphenetidini 
Phenylis salicyl- 
atis aa gr. xlv 
Caffeinae gr. xxx. 
M. Ft. pulv. No. viii. 
Sig. One every four 
hours for a dog (v.k.). 
R 2 
Sodii salicylatis 
Althaeae aa ' Hi. 
M. Ft. pulv. No. iv. 
Sig. One powder in a 
drench every three 
hours for a cow, or in 
the form of an electu- 
ary for a horse (v.k.). 
Ringworm (Tricophyton Tonsurans). Soften the 
scabs: soft soap and lard equal parts, creolin and cot- 
tonseed oil 1:20. Apply parasiticides with a stiff 
brush: formalin, hydrargyrum ammoniatum, acid sali- 
cylic, pix liquida 1, sulphur iodid in oil 1:8-10. 
Alcoholic or petrox solutions of iodin or salicylic 
acid. Crude nitric acid 1, petrolatum 5 (cattle). 
1-2% alcoholic sublimate solutions. 135 
Salivation. Belladonna; withhold irritating 
plants (clover), or spoiled food. Treat the primary 
disease: pharyngitis, paralysis of the pharynx. 
Scabies cf mange. 
Scratches. Eczematous. Cleanse the skin, avoid- 
ing water as far as practical, and dry the skin with 
a towel, alcohol, or gasolene. In acute swelling apply 
an antiseptic bandage (creolin, sublimate); when the 
acute symptoms and swelling recede apply dry dress- 
ings under a bandage (amylum, talcum, tannoform, 
tannin). Antiseptic powders, pastes, and solutions: 
acid carbolic crud. R, acid boric, alumen, bismuth, 
charcoal, creolin, creosote, calomel, galla, glycerin 
R 1 and 2, formalin, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum 
(1:25-100 ointment), hydrargyrum ammoniatum and 
oxidum, liquor alumini acetatis, menthol, compound 
tincture of benzoin, petrox, phenol, tar, lead, pyok- 
tanin, resorcin, sulphur, sulphur iodid, zinc carbonate, 
zinc oxid, and zinc oil. Verrucose Scratches (Grease 
Heel). Apply a formalin bandage 1:100-400 followed 
by daily curettage each time the bandage is removed, 
until the thickening is reduced, then follow with 
dusting-powders, cf pulvis. Pulverized potassium 
permanganate under a bandage, change every second 
day, after-treatment as above. Operative removal of 
the wart-like growths with a sharp scalpel (paring), 
follow with cauterization (cherry-red iron) and dry 
bandage (tannin). 
Shoe-boil cf contusion. 
Shoulder Lameness as hip lameness. 
Shoulder Tumors cf contusion. 
Spasm of the Diaphragm (Thumps). Rest, nar- 
cotics (chloral, morphin), camphor. When due to 136 
poisoning (aloes) use active stimulants (ammonia, 
camphorated oil per subcutis). 
Spavin. Point firing to the bone with small very 
hot points (thermo-cautery) followed with blisters 
and a rest of 1-3 months, mild cases sometimes re- 
cover without rest. Counter-irritation: hydrar- 
gyri chloridum corrosivum R 1-2, hydrargyri io- 
didum rubrum R 1. Tibio-peroneal neurectomy in 
incurable cases. 
Splint. Recent: rubefacients (tincture of iodin, 
linimentum, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum R 1) with 
massage and bandage. Pressure bandage over a 
piece of lead or hard rubber moulded to the part. 
Massage daily with a piece of bone or hard wood. 
Resorbents: iodin-glycerin, or iodin-petrox 1:4 ap- 
plied daily with a brush; hydrargyri chloridum cor- 
rosivum R 1-2 alcoholic sublimate 1:3, cantharides 
R 5, hydrargyri iodidum rubrum R 1. 
Sprains. Rest and heat (hot compress, cata- 
plasma kaolini), alcohol bandage. Subacute: mas- 
sage with stimulating liniments (ammonia, sinapis, 
turpentine) and bandage. Chronic: fixation bandage 
over a blister (cantharides, unguentum hydrargyri 
iodidi 1:4-5), firing when it terminates in chronic 
arthritis. 
Strangles. Provide a well-ventilated stall free 
from dust, drafts, and stable gases (ammonia). Lax- 
ative diet: fine hay, carrots, mashes. Inhalants: cre- 
olin, turpentine, eucalyptol, menthol R 1. Keep the 
nostrils and manger clean and disinfected (creolin), 
destroy all exudates dropped on the manger and 
walls. Local treatment: hot compress on the throat 
(creolin, cataplasma kaolini), follow with linimenti 
and mild blisters when the swelling persists. Early 137 
incision of subparotid abscesses, see pharyngitis. 
Expectorants: antimonii et potassii tartras in early 
stages, ammonium chlorid and juniper later. See 
bronchitis, R 3, pg. 9. 
Stomach-worm Disease (Strongylus Contortus). 
Remove all animals from the infested pastures, in- 
tense feeding, water in troughs instead of from the 
ground, disinfect the pens. Creosote, copper sul- 
phate, gasolene, acidum picricum, potassium picrate. 
Stomatitis. Remove foreign bodies (awns) from 
the mucous membranes with a curet. Apply astrin- 
gent antiseptics: potassii chloras 4%, alum 3-5%, 
touch ulcers with argenti nitras 10% on a pledget of 
cotton. 
Strongylus cf lung-worm disease and stomach- 
worm disease. 
Summer Sores. Protect against flies by applying 
a paste of formalin, acacia, and starch. 
Sunstroke. Place the animal in a shady cool 
place. Pour cold water on the head and body (hose), 
give clysters of cold water, place packs of ice to the 
head. Excitants: camphorated oil, caffein, aromatic 
spirits of ammonia, strophanthus. With symptoms of 
pulmonary congestion give spiritus glycerylis nitratis 
R 2. 
Taeniasis. See worms. 
Tendinitis and Tendovaginitis. Acute: cold for 
the first 24 hours (baths, ice packs, cold irrigation); 
follow with hot Priessnitz compress, alcohol or cam- 
phor bandage, cataplasma kaolini. In severe sprains 
with heat and tenderness hot packs are indicated 
from the first. Subacute: massage with rubefacients 
(linimentum, unguentum hydrargyri, tincture of iodin, 138 
petrox iodin) and cover with a bandage. Chronic: 
mild blisters under a tar bandage, fixation bandage, 
blisters, line firing, shoe with high heel calks. Serous 
(Thoroughpin; Wind-puffs): in the early stages treat 
as acute tendinitis or tendovaginitis. Serous disten- 
sions-shave and disinfect, aspirate the fluid, inject 
tincture of iodin 1 to distilled water 3 through the 
aspiration trocar, massage for one to two minutes 
and allow the excess to flow out through the trocar, 
follow with a hot antiseptic compress (creolin). This 
is followed with an acute swelling that gradually re- 
cedes and leaves permanent improvement. 
Tendovaginitis cf tendinitis. 
Tenesmus. Chloral, morphin, clysters of demul- 
cents containing cocain in irritation of the rectum. 
Tetanus. Prophylaxis: tetanus antitoxin 3 1- 
Treatment: keep the wound moist with a 3% phenol 
pack, inject 10 cc. of a 2% phenol solution per sub- 
cutis twice daily, give clysters of %% phenol. Keep 
the animal quiet and alone, and give a light laxative 
diet. 
Thrush. Cleanse the frog, remove the diseased 
and macerated horn, spread the heels (spring, shoe). 
Disinfect: formalin 10-50%, tar or creosote in alcohol 
5-10%, creolin or sublimate pack, tincture of aloes, 
cupri sulphas, calomel, cf pulvis. 
Thoroughpin cf tendinitis. 
Tympany. Acute tympany in ruminants. Keep 
the mouth open with a rope or stick smeared with 
tar, or the mouth speculum. Massage the rumen from 
below upward with the closed fists against the left 
flank. Drive in cold water, pour cold water over the 
body. Carminatives: aromatic spirits of ammonia, 139 
capsicum, zingiber. Dilute hydrochloric acid, creolin, 
therapogen. Pass a stomach-tube, or a piece of hose 
to relieve the gas, trocarize in the left flank, incision 
of the rumen where the gas is infiltrated through a 
mass of fermenting food so that the tympany is not 
relieved through a trocar or stomach-tube. Chronic 
tympany: as chronic indigestion. Acute tympany in 
the horse, see acute indigestion. 
Urachus cf navel. 
Urine, Retention of. Pass a catheter to locate 
possible mechanical obstructions. In spasm of the 
bladder supply fresh bedding, apply rubefacients to 
the abdomen (alcohol and turpentine equal parts, 
spirits of mustard), give warm clysters of chloral 
hydrate, give morphin per subcutis, catheterize. In 
paralysis of the bladder give strychnin, apply elec- 
tricity and rubefacients (linimentum) over the lum- 
bar region, remove the urine through a catheter. 
Urticaria. Laxatives (Carlsbad salts) and bit- 
ters. Weak solutions of ammonia locally. 
Vaginitis. Contagious. Frequent disinfection of 
the stable (gutters, floors, walls) with white-wash, 
powdered lime, creolin, liquor cresolis compositus. 
Cleanse and disinfect the external genitals and parts 
(tail, legs). Vaginal irrigation daily to twice or three 
times a week with mild antiseptics (therapogen, 
potassium permanganate). Prevent infection from 
the bull by clipping the preputial hairs, and disinfect- 
ing the prepuce and abdomen as in contagious 
abortion. 
Vertigo (Dizziness) cf epilepsy. 
Warts. Operative removal: excision, scissors, 
ligature. Acid salicylic gr. 30 to acid acetic 5 1; 140 
phenol; acid nitric; formalin ; castor oil applied daily ; 
saturated solution of salicylic acid in alcohol; touch 
with acetic acid, or glacial acetic acid. Give arsenic 
in large doses for multiple warts, up to 5 drams daily 
for a cow. 
White Scours. Prophylaxis as in navel-ill. Treat- 
ment: as gastro-enteritis; polyvalent serum. 
Wind-puffs cf arthritis and tendinitis. 
Wood-eating cf licking-disease. 
Wool-eating. Sheep: give more freedom and ex- 
ercise; feed clover or alfalfa; divide into small 
groups; internal treatment as in licking-disease (di- 
lute hydrochloric acid, apomorphin). 
Worms. Ascaris (Stomach-worms). Horse: an- 
timonii et potassii tartras R 1> aloes 3 1, Fowler's 
solution, oleum terebinthinae 5 2-3 in a pint of lin- 
seed oil, areca-nut or iron sulphate for foals. 
Calves: a dram of antimonii et potassii tartras dis- 
solved in eight ounces of water, give a tablespoonful 
every 3-4 hours. Swine: areca-nut, oil of turpentine, 
follow with castor oil. Oil of chenopodium 5 i per 
100 lbs. weight, in 1-2 3 ol. ricini; starve for 24 hours 
before administration. Dog: as in tape-worms, san- 
tonin R 1. 
Oxyurus (Pin Worms; Rectal Worms). Repeated 
clysters of acetum 1%; quassia; clysters of creolin 
%%; aloes ® 1; arseni trioxidum R 4; see ascaris 
and tape-worms. 
Strongylus. See stomach-worm disease, and 
lung-worm disease. 
Strongylidae (£. vulgaris, cylicostomum). 01. 
chenopodium 15-18 cc. in a quart of oil to horses 
that have fasted for 36 hours. 141 
Tape-worms. Precede the treatment with mild 
laxatives and restricted diet. Horse and Cow: aloes 
3 1; tartar emetic 3 4; oil of turpentine 5 3 in a quart 
of linseed oil. Sheep: oil of turpentine 3 2-4 in lin- 
seed oil 3 4-6; kamala g 1-1%; areca-nut; aspidium. 
Dog: aspidium; arecolin gr. %-% per os; kamala; 
areca-nut; B 5 and 6, pg. 9. When the vermifuge is 
not retained in dogs and cats it may be necessary to 
anesthetize the stomach: cocain gr. 1%; adrenalin 
1:1000, 15 cc.; aqua amygdalae amarae 10 cc.; admin- 
istered through a stomach-tube for a dog. And give 
the vermifuge in milk or castor oil through a stomach- 
tube. 
Wounds. Bulbs of the Heel, and Calk Wounds. 
Recent: cleanse the wound thoroughly with warm 
antiseptic solutions or peroxid, shave the hair from 
around the margins, thin the horn over the injured 
tissue, and apply a hot moist antiseptic compress 
(creolin, sublimate). With less secretions cover with 
an antiseptic powder (tannin, boric acid, pulvis) un- 
der a bandage. Keep in a clean dry stall. In abra- 
sions apply an antiseptic ointment: zinc, lead, amy- 
lum. Old: drain thoroughly, remove all undermined 
horn, remove excessive granulations with a curet or 
knife, cauterize (argenti nitras, thermo-cautery, 
cherry-red iron), and cover with a dry antiseptic 
powder under a bandage. Eye-lids: cleanse with a 
warm solution of bicarbonate of soda, clip the hair, 
shave and disinfect (warm creolin or therapogen), 
fix the margins with an interrupted suture, cover 
with a fixative paste (flexile collodion, airol paste, 
antiphlogistin) or antiseptic compress under a 
bandage. Preserve all flaps. Back the animal into 
the stall and cross-tie to prevent rubbing. In abra- 142 
sions of the eyelids apply an ointment of zinc oxid. 
Joint: absolute rest (slings). Clip the hair, shave 
and disinfect around the puncture. Occlusive dress- 
ing: sublimate pack; iodoform-collodion (cautery 
wounds); cauterize with a thermo-cautery, or blister, 
around small recent perforations; in recent small 
punctures from which there flows much synovial dis- 
charge dust freely and often with desiccant anti- 
septics (powdered gum arabic mixed with tannin, 
calomel, pulvis antisepticus) to promote the forma- 
tion of a gelatinous plug. Permanent antiseptic irri- 
gation. Pododerm: Nailing: remove the nail that 
caused the prick, relieve shoe-pressure from the in- 
jured part of the hoof, hot foot-bath in an antiseptic 
solution; when suppuration follows treat as pododer- 
matitis. Street-nails: after the removal of the nail 
thin the horn around the puncture, apply an antisep- 
tic pack (sublimate, formalin). After-treatment as in 
pododermatitis. 6. Symptoms and Treatment of Poisoning. 
Aconite. Symptoms: salivation, excitement, itch- 
ing, vomiting, diarrhea, colic, tympany, convulsions, 
trembling, dilated pupils, weakness and collapse. 
Treatment: Antidote: tannin. Excitants: camphor- 
ated oil per subcutis, ether, alcohol, ammonia, digi- 
talis, strychnin. 
Acids (Hydrochloric; Sulphuric). Symptoms: 
cauterization of the mucous membranes of the mouth 
and pharynx; moist gangrene with the formation of 
a dry scab; salivation, difficult swallowing. Symp- 
toms of gastro-enteritis: colic, diarrhea, marked de- 
pression, weakness and collapse. Treatment: At first 
give alkalies: soap and water, lime water, solution of 
bicarbonate of soda, magnesia. Follow with demul- 
cents (R 11, pg. 10) and narcotics to control the pain 
(morphin per subcutis, cannabis Indica per vein). 
Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Tartar Emetic). 
Minimum fatal dose for the horse and cow is one- 
half to one ounce. Symptoms: salivation, emesis 
(dog, cat, swine). Gastro-enteritis: pain, tenesmus 
(straining), diarrhea, tympany in cattle and sheep. 
Frequent irregular pulse, convulsions and dyspnea. 
Treatment: Antidote: tannin. Demulcents: R 11, 
pg. 10, milk, white of egg. Control the pain with mor- 
phin or cannabis Indica. Excitants in weakness and 
collapse: camphorated oil per subcutis, alcohol, aro- 
matic spirits of ammonia, atropin, ether. 
Alkalies (Ammonia; Caustic Potash). Symp- 
toms: swelling and cauterization of the lips, mucous 
membranes of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus; 144 
moist gangrene with the formation of a moist scab; 
salivation, difficult swallowing, vomiting. Symptoms 
of gastro-enteritis: colic, tympany. Treatment: at 
first give weak acids (vinegar, acetic acid); follow 
with demulcents (P 11, pg. 10, oatmeal water); treat 
the weakness and collapse with excitants (strophan- 
thin, strychnin, caffein). 
Aloes. Symptoms: weakness, rapid weak pulse, 
spasm of the diaphragm, diarrhea (not always pres- 
ent), red conjunctival mucous membranes, nervous 
twitching of the peripheral muscles, sighing, cold 
sweat, rapid breathing, marked depression, and col- 
lapse. Treatment: Demulcents (P 11, pg. 10, oatmeal 
water) and styptics (tannin). Treat the collapse with 
camphorated oil per subcutis, strychnin, caffein, 
strophanthin, see collapse. 
Arecolin. Treatment: atropin. 
Arsenic (White Arsenic; Arseni Trioxidum). 
Minimum fatal dose per mouth for the cow 3 
for the horse 3 2%-4; through wounds horse and cow, 
grains 30. Most frequent source of poisoning is in 
rat poison and Paris green. Symptoms: thirst, 
emesis (dog and cat); constipation followed by a fe- 
tid diarrhea, pulse small, frequent and irregular, colic, 
cyanosis of the conjunctival mucous membranes, 
dyspnea, depression, weakness, trembling, paralysis, 
and collapse. Treatment: Antidote: magnesia (mag- 
nesium oxid), dog gr. 7%-15; H. & C. 3 4-5 in 20 
parts water, repeat every 15 minutes to half-hour. 
"Arsenic Antidote"-solution of iron' sulphate and 
magnesium oxid (ferri hydroxidum; ferri hydroxidum 
cum magnesii oxido). Powdered iron, iron filings, 
water from a blacksmith's tub in which hot irons 
have been cooled. Symptomatic: demulcents (P 11, 145 
pg. 10, white of egg, milk, oatmeal water). Excitants 
in paralysis and weakness: strophanthin per subcu- 
tis, ether, alcohol, caffein, atropin, strychnin, digalen. 
Avoid alkalies and control the pain with narcotics 
(cannabis Indica per vein, chloral in demulcents for 
cows, morphin per subcutis). 
Atropin. Symptoms: excitement, rapid pulse and 
respiration, followed by depression, small irregular 
pulse, and dilated pupils. Treatment: Narcotics: 
morphin, chloral, cannabis Indica. Arecolin. Tan- 
nin as an antidote. Camphorated oil per subcutis in 
weakness and collapse, see collapse. 
Barium Chlorid. Symptoms: Diarrhea, colic, 
heart weakness, muscular paralysis, collapse, sudden 
death from paralysis of the heart. Treatment: Anti- 
dote: sodii sulphas (Glauber's salt) per vein, atropin; 
narcotics (morphin, opium, chloral, chloroform). 
Cantharides. Symptoms: salivation, difficult 
swallowing, vomiting, colic, diarrhea, tenesmus, fre- 
quent thready pulse, polyuria, sexual excitement, un- 
steady gait, nephritis, and cystitis. Treatment: 
emetics in small animals and swine (apomorphin, 
veratrin), purgatives, demulcents (R 11, pg. 10, oat- 
meal water). Camphor and morphin in small doses. 
Avoid oil. 
Chloral Hydrate and Chloroform. Atropin, hy- 
oscin, pour cold water on the head and back, strych- 
nin, inhalation of ammonia, artificial respiration in 
small animals. 
Digitalis. Minimum fatal dose for the horse is 
6 3 (25.), for the dog 1 3 (5.), given singly or over a 
period of 3 days (Frbhner). An ounce daily per os 
to a cow for four days had no apparent effect (Salvis- 146 
berg). Horses are often poisoned by overdosage 
with the fluid extract. Symptoms: pulse becomes 
rapid, small, weak, and irregular, the heart impulse 
increased and pounding. At first excitement (conges- 
tion of the brain) followed by depression, weakness, 
and paralysis (diminished blood pressure). Gastro- 
enteritis: salivation, retching, emesis, colic, diarrhea. 
Treatment. Symptomatic with excitants: camphor, 
coffee, atropin, caffein, strychnin. Antidote (tannin). 
Ether. Artificial respiration, atropin, caffein, 
strychnin, massage. 
Lead. Symptoms. Colic, tympanitis, salivation 
(especially in cattle), constipation. Pulse is small, 
hard, either rapid or slow. Trembling, twitching, 
paralysis, epileptic attacks (convulsions). Mucous 
membranes at first red, then a dirty-grey (dark line 
Ground the teeth in chronic poisoning). Dyspnea. 
Treatment. Antidote: sodii sulphas, dilute sulphuric 
acid. Emetics in small animals and pigs. Demul- 
cents: linseed water, milk, white of egg. Control 
pain with narcotics: chloral, morphin. Excitants 
for depression: camphor, ether, atropin, strychnin, 
lodid of potash in chronic form. 
Mercury. Corrosive sublimate; mercurial oint- 
ment 3 1; and calomel 3 2-3 in cattle (very suscepti- 
ble). Symptoms. Skin eruptions (mercurial eczema 
in cattle), blue ring around the gums, cough, thick 
nasal discharge, salivation, colic, fetid diarrhea, 
paralysis, convulsions, nephritis, emesis (dogs). 
Gastro-enteritis predominates when administered 
through the mouth (acute fatal course). Treatment. 
Emetics in small animals (apomorphin, veratrin). 
Antidote: sulphur, sulphate of iron, ferrum reductum. 
Demulcents: linseed water, white of egg, milk. Ex- 147 
citants in weakness: atropin, ammonia, camphor, caf- 
fein. Potassium chlorate in stomatitis. Potassium 
iodid in chronic mercurialism. 
Phosphorus. Rat and mice poison. Symptoms. 
Restlessness, emesis (dog, cat, ruminant), colic, 
dyspnea, weakness, trembling. Treatment. Magnesia 
in water, copper sulphate solution. Demulcents: 
linseed water and egg; avoid oils and milk. 
Phenol (Carbolic Acid). Dyspnea, colic, diarrhea, 
collapse. Treatment. Antidote: alcohol, sulphuric 
acid, sodii sulphas, chalk. Demulcents: linseed 
water. Excitants in weakness and collapse: cam- 
phor, ammonia, strychnia, atropin. 
Pilocarpin. Salivation, pulmonary edema. Treat- 
ment. Atropin. 
Physostigmin (Eserin). Sweating, dyspnea, diar- 
rhea, colic, tenesmus. Treatment. Atropin. 
Strychnin. Convulsions. Treatment. Morphin, 
chloral, chloroform inhalations, tannin. 
Tobacco. External use of full strength decoc- 
tions and infusions. Symptoms. Salivation, retch- 
ing, colic, tympanitis, diarrhea, polyuria, trembling 
and weakness, paralysis, collapse, spasm of dia- 
phragm. Pulse at first slow, then rapid and irregular. 
Dyspnea. Resorption through the skin may cause 
convulsions and collapse only. Treatment. Anti- 
dote: tannin in poisoning per os; potassium iodid. 
Excitants in paralysis: atropin, ammonia, strychnin, 
strophanthin. Narcotics in convulsions. 7. Administration of Medicine. 
The promptness and intensity, as well as the 
duration of the action of drugs, depend on the method 
and time of administration. Most drugs are given 
through the mouth (per os) when they are absorbed 
through the alimentary mucous jnembrane. The ac- 
tion of drugs given per os is relatively slow and is 
most useful when we desire a prolonged effect, or 
when the alimentary tract itself is the object - of 
treatment (intestinal catarrh, diarrhea). In certain 
conditions drugs given per os may remain inactive 
(aloes pill in impaction of the stomach or paralysis 
of the bowel), or become inert (digitalis in the stom- 
ach of cattle). When rapid absorption or prompt ef- 
fect is desired, oral medication is best applied when 
the stomach is comparatively empty-febrifuge, pur- 
gative, vermifuge. In general the degree of fullness 
of the digestive tract is of slight importance in oral 
medication. This is the oldest method of giving 
medicine, when properly conducted it is the safest 
(less shock, longer effect), and with most drugs it is 
least expensive and most convenient. Medicine may 
be given per os in an electuary (pulverized licorice 
and water, honey, syrup, molasses), bolus, capsule, 
drench, or in the feed or drinking water. Cats and 
dogs are often dosed through a stomach-tube to pre- 
vent vomiting, and the same method is useful for 
horses (paralysis of the pharynx) in the administra- 
tion of both medicine and food. 
1. Per os. 149 
The relative size of the dose according to the 
method of administration, species, and age is as fol- 
lows: 
Mouth = 1 
Rectum = 1-2 
Subcutaneous = 1/10-1/2 
Intratracheal = 1/20 
Intravenous = 1/50-1/25 
Horse = 1 
Cow - 11/2 
Sheep = 1/5 
Swine = 1/5 
Dog = 1/10 (large dog) 
Cat = 1/20 
Fowl = 1/25-1/50 
6-year-old horse = 1 
3-year-old horse = 1/2 
Yearling colt =1/4 
6-months colt = 1/8 
3-months colt = 1/16 
1-month colt =1/24 
Drugs given subcutaneously are rapidly absorbed, 
their action is prompt and intense but relatively 
short, and they are eliminated more quickly than 
when given per os. This method is of special value 
in acute conditions that demand prompt relief (col- 
lapse, colic, acute heart weakness, marked depres- 
sion, paralysis of the respiratory or circulatory cen- 
ters, acute laminitis, intense pain). The following 
are some of the preparations adapted to this method 
of administration: all soluble alkaloids (strychnin, 
arecolin), antipyrin, tuberculin, mallein, extract of 
ergot (Squibb), camphorated oil, ether, alcohol, 
physiological salt solution (0.6%), phenol (2%), caf- 
fein and sodium salicylate, serums and vaccines, 
strophanthin. 
2. Administration per subcutis. 150 
3. Rectal Administration. 
Rectal administration (clyster, enema) is useful 
for the local application of drugs to the diseased 
mucous membrane, styptics (silver nitrate) and de- 
mulcents (linseed tea) in diarrhea; the softening of 
impacted contents (linseed oil, slow injection of 
warm water); stimulating peristalsis (clysters of 
cold water, soapy water, or glycerin); relieving 
thirst, and giving nourishment (liquids only). It is 
also useful for giving medicines like chloral, when 
the animal is unable to swallow in disease of the 
esophagus or pharynx. Most drugs are absorbed more 
slowly from the rectum than from the stomach. 
Medication per vein has a limited but useful 
field. Adrenalin solutions are more active when 
placed in the vein, F. Ext. of cannabis Indica in- 
jected into the vein is a very useful narcotic, the 
soluble silver preparations (protargol) are usually 
given intravenously. 
4. Intravenous Injection. 
5. Intratracheal Injection. 
Medication per trachea has not come into gen- 
eral use. It is most useful in the destruction of lung- 
worms, see worms. 8. Tables. 
a) Period of Estrum. 
Occurs after 
parturition in 
Intervals be- 
tween estruin 
when concep- 
tion does not 
occur. 
Duration of 
estrum 
Mare 
7- 9 days 
3- 4 weeks 
8 days 
Cow 
18-21 d ?ys 
18-21 days 
2- 3 days 
Sheep 
7 months 
3 weeks 
2- 3 days 
Swine 
4- 8 weeks 
2 weeks 
2- 4 days 
Dog 
12-14 weeks 
12-14 weeks 
10-14 days 
Mini- 
mum 
Maxi- 
mum 
Average 
Mare 
310 
380 
340 (48-49 weeks) 
Ass 
365 (52 weeks) 
Cow 
240 
320 
280 (40 weeks) 
Sheep 
145 
155 
150 (21.5 weeks) 
Sow 
120 (17 weeks) 
Bitch 
63 ( 9 weeks) 
Cat 
56 ( 8 weeks) 
b) Duration of Pregnancy. 
c) Period of Suckling. 
Foals 12-16 weeks, lambs 8-16 weeks, calves 6-12 
weeks, pigs 4-8 weeks. Pigs and calves may be 
taught to drink from birth. 
d) Brooding Period. 
Hen 21 days, turkey 26-29 days, goose 28-33 days, 
duck 28-32 days, doves 17-19 days, canaries 2 weeks. 152 
e) Parturition Table.1 
Con- 
ception 
Date of Birth 
Date 
Mare 
340 days 
Cow 
284 days 
Sheep 
152 days 
Swine 
120 days 
Bitch 
63 days 
Cat 
56 days 
1. Jan. 
6. Dec. 
11. Oct. 
1. June 
30. Apr. 
4. Mar. 
25. Feb. 
6. " 
11. " 
16. " 
6. " 
5. May 
9. " 
2. Mar. 
11. " 
16. " 
21. " 
11. " 
10. " 
14. " 
7. " 
16. " 
21. " 
26. " 
16. " 
15. " 
19. " 
12. " 
21. " 
26. " 
31. " 
21. " 
20. " 
24. " 
17. " 
26. " 
31. " 
5. Nov. 
26. " 
25. " 
29. " 
22. " 
31. " 
5. Jan. 
10. " 
1. July 
30. " 
3. Apr. 
27. " 
5. Feb. 
10. " 
15. " 
6. " 
4. June 
8. " 
1. Apr. 
10. " 
15. " 
20. " 
11. " 
9. " 
13. " 
6. " 
15. " 
20. " 
25. " 
16. " 
14. " 
18. " 
11. " 
20. " 
25. " 
30. " 
21. " 
19. " 
23. * 
16. " 
25. " 
30. " 
5. Dec. 
26. " 
24. " 
28. * 
21. " 
2. Mar. 
4. Feb. 
10. " 
31. " 
29. " 
3. May 
26. " 
7. " 
9. " 
15. " 
5. Aug. 
4. July 
8. " 
1. May 
12. " 
14. " 
20. " 
10. " 
9. " 
13. " 
6. " 
17. " 
19. " 
25. " 
15. " 
14. " 
18. * 
11. * 
22. " 
24. " 
30. " 
20. " 
19. " 
23. " 
16. " 
27. " 
1. Mar. 
4. Jan. 
25. " 
24. " 
28. " 
21. " 
1. Apr. 
6. " 
9. " 
30. " 
29. " 
2. June 
26. " 
6. " 
11. " 
14. " 
4. Sept 
3. Aug. 
7. " 
31. " 
11. " 
16. " 
19. " 
9. " 
8. " 
12. " 
5. June 
16. " 
21. " 
24. " 
14. " 
13. " 
17. " 
10. " 
21. " 
26. " 
29. " 
19. " 
18. " 
22. " 
15. " 
26. " 
31. " 
3. Feb. 
24. " 
23. " 
27. " 
20. " 
1 Rautenberg Veterinar Kalender. 153 
Con- 
ception 
Date of Birth 
Date 
Mare 
340 days 
Cow 
284 days 
Sheep 
152 days 
Swine 
120 days 
Bitch 
63 days 
Cat 
56 days 
1. May 
5. Apr. 
8. Feb. 
29. Sept. 
28. Aug. 
2. July 
25. June 
6. " 
10. " 
13. " 
4. Oct. 
2. Sept. 
7. " 
30. " 
11. " 
15. " 
18. " 
9. " 
7. " 
12. " 
5. July 
16. " 
20. " 
23. " 
14. " 
12. " 
17. " 
10. " 
21. " 
25. " 
28. " 
19. " 
17. " 
22. " 
15. " 
30. " 
5. Mar. 
24. " 
22. " 
27. " 
20. " 
31. " 
5. May 
10. " 
29. " 
27. " 
1. Aug. 
25. " 
5. June 
10. " 
15. " 
3. Nov. 
2. Oct. 
6. " 
30. " 
10. " 
15. " 
20. " 
8. " 
7. " 
11. " 
4. Aug. 
15. " 
20. " 
25. " 
13. " 
12. " 
16. " 
9. " 
20. " 
25. " 
30. " 
18. " 
17. " 
21. " 
14. " 
25. " 
30. " 
4. Apr. 
23. " 
22. " 
26. " 
19. " 
30. " 
4. June 
9. " 
28. " 
27. " 
31. " 
24. " 
5. July 
9. " 
14. " 
3. Dec. 
1. Nov. 
5. Sept. 
29. " 
10. " 
14. " 
19. " 
8. " 
6. " 
10. " 
3. Sept. 
15. " 
19. " 
24. " 
13. " 
11. " 
15. " 
8. " 
20. " 
24. " 
29. " 
18. " 
16. " 
20. " 
13. " 
25. " 
29. " 
4. May 
23. " 
21. " 
25. " 
18. " 
30. " 
4. July 
9. " 
28. " 
26. " 
30. " 
23. " 
4. Aug. 
9. " 
14. " 
2. Jan. 
1. Dec. 
5. Oct. 
28. " 
9. " 
14. " 
19. " 
7. " 
6. " 
10. " 
3. Oct. 
14. " 
19. " 
24. " 
12. " 
11. " 
15. " 
8. " 
19. " 
24. " 
29. " 
17. " 
16. " 
20. " 
13. " 
24. " 
29. " 
3. June 
22. " 
21. " 
25. " 
18. " 
29. " 
3. Aug. 
8. " 
27. " 
26. " 
30. " 
23. " 154 
Con- 
ception 
Date of Birth 
Date 
Mare 
340 days 
Cow 
284 days 
Sheep 
152 days 
Swine 
120 days 
Bitch 
63 days 
Cat 
56 days 
3. Sept. 
8. Aug. 
13. June 
1. Feb. 
31. Dec. 
4. Nov. 
28. Oct. 
8. " 
13. " 
18. " 
6. " 
5. Jan. 
9. " 
2. Nov. 
13. " 
18. " 
23. " 
11. " 
10. " 
14. " 
7. " 
18. " 
23. " 
28. " 
16. " 
15. " 
19. " 
12. " 
23. " 
28. " 
3. July 
21. " 
20. " 
24. " 
17. " 
28. " 
2. Sept. 
8. " 
26. " 
25. " 
29. " 
22. " 
3. Oct. 
7. " 
13. " 
3. Mar. 
30. " 
4. Dec. 
27. " 
8. " 
12. " 
18. " 
7. " 
4. Feb. 
9. " 
2. Dec. 
13. " 
17. " 
23. " 
13. " 
9. " 
14. " 
7. " 
18. " 
22. " 
28. " 
18. " 
14. " 
19. " 
12. " 
23. " 
27. " 
2. Aug. 
23. " 
19. " 
24. " 
17. " 
28. " 
2. Oct. 
7. " 
28. " 
24. " 
29. " 
22. " 
2. Nov. 
7. " 
12. " 
2. Apr. 
1. Mar. 
3. Jan. 
27. " 
7. " 
12. " 
17. " 
7. " 
6. " 
8. " 
1. Jan. 
12. " 
17. " 
22. " 
12. " 
11. " 
13. " 
6. " 
17. " 
22. " 
27. " 
17. " 
16. " 
18. " 
11. " 
22. " 
27. " 
1. Sept. 
22. " 
21. " 
23. " 
16. " 
27. " 
1. Nov. 
6. " 
27. " 
26. " 
28. " 
21. " 
2. Dec. 
6. " 
11. " 
2. May 
31. " 
2. Feb. 
26. " 
7. " 
11. " 
16. " 
7. " 
5. Apr. 
7. " 
31. " 
12. " 
16. " 
21. " 
12. " 
10. " 
12. " 
5. Feb. 
17. " 
21. " 
26. " 
17. " 
15. " 
17. " 
10. " 
22. " 
26. " 
1. Oct. 
22. " 
20. " 
22. " 
15. " 
27. " 
1. Dec. 
6. " 
27. " 
25. " 
27. " 
20. " 
31. " 
5. " 
10. " 
1. June 
29. " 
3. Mar. 
24. " 155 
f) Determination of the Age of Domestic Animals. 
The age of animals is best determined by an 
examination of the teeth. The eruption, wear, and 
shape of the teeth, especially the incisors, is of special 
value. For convenience the following abbreviations 
are used: I1 I2 I3 = central (nippers), intermediate, 
and corner incisors in the horse; I1 I2 I3 I4 = central, 
first intermediate, second intermediate, and corner 
incisors in ruminants; C = canine; G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G° 
= grinders, or premolars and molars from before 
backward, or cheek teeth. 
Horse. 
Eruption of the teeth: 
At birth : Temporary I1, Temporary G1 G2 G3. 
4-6 weeks : Temporary I1 I2, Temporary G1 G2 G3. 
6-9 months : Temporary I1 I2 I3, Temporary G1 G2 G3. 
10-12 months : Temporary I1 I2 I3, Temporary G1 G2 G3 
Eruption of G4. 
2 years : Eruption of G5. 
2%-3 years : Change of I1 G1 G2. 
3^-4 years : Change of I2 G3. 
4^-5 years : Change of I3 G3 and eruption of C. 
4-5 years : Eruption of G" and eruption of C. 
Wear of the teeth: 
The table-surface is leveled (the cup disappears, 
or becomes much smaller) at 
6 years on the inferior I1. 
7 years on the inferior I2; a notch often forms on the 
upper I3. 
8 years on the inferior I3; the dental star appears in I1. 
At 9 years the notches on the superior I3 often dis- 
appear. 156 
At 11 years the dental stars are in the middle of the 
tables, the inferior corners are as large at the gums 
as at their free extremities, and notches reappear in 
the upper corner teeth. Up to 12 years the table- 
surfaces of the teeth are elliptical (narrower from 
before backward); from 12-18 they gradually become 
round; from 18 and above they become triangular 
to biangular (wider from before backward). 
The average length of the free portion of the in- 
cisor teeth is 16 mm.; for each 2 mm. in excess of 
this length add one year; for each 2 mm. less than 
this length deduct one year from the estimate. 
Rib test: the distance between the last two ribs 
begins to increase at 12 years, at 15 there is a well- 
marked spread. This spreading extends forward so 
that the space between the 17th and 16th is well- 
marked at 18 years. To estimate the age, add three 
years to twelve for each space. This is a useful but 
not infallible adjunct to our observation of the teeth. 
Ox. 
Eruption of the teeth: 
Birth to 3 weeks : Temporary I1 I2 Is I4, Temporary G1. 
5-6 months : Permanent G4. 
years : Change of I1, Permanent G5. 
2 years : Maturity of P, Permanent G1 G6. 
2% years : Change of I2, Permanent G2. 
3 years : Maturity of I2, Permanent G'. 
3% years : Change of I3. 
4 years : Maturity of I3. 
4% years : Change of I4. 
5 years : Maturity of I4, all teeth in wear. 157 
6 years : Neck at the gums on I1. 
7 years : Neck at the gums on I2. 
8 years : Neck at the gums on I3. 
9 years: Neck at the gums on I4. 
15 years : Incisors very small or lost. 
Horn test: count the rings around the base of the 
horn, and add two to the number of rings to estimate 
the age in years of cows. The method is based on 
the formation of a ring for each period of pregnancy, 
estimating the first pregnancy at the end of the sec- 
ond year, and a pregnancy each year thereafter. 
Sheep. 
Eruption of the teeth: 
4 weeks : Temporary I1 I2 I3 I4, Temporary G1 G2 G3. 
3-5 months : Eruption of G4. 
9-12 months : Eruption of G5. 
12-18 months : Change of I1. 
1^-2 years : Change of I2, G1 G2 G3, Eruption of G*. 
2%-2% years : Change of I3. 
3-3% years : Change of I4. 
6 years : Notch forms between the nippers. 
10-12 years : Incisors are lost. 
Swine. 
Eruption of the teeth: 
4 weeks : Temporary I1 I3, Temporary C, Temporary 
G3 G4. 
3 months : Temporary I1 I2 I3. 
9 months : Change of C and I3. 
12-15 months : Change of I1. 
16-18 months : Change of I2. 158 
Dog. 
Eruption of the teeth: 
5-6 weeks : Temporary I1 I2 I3, Temporary C, Tem- 
porary G2 G3 G4. 
4-5 months : Change of I1 I2, Eruption G4. 
5-5% months : Change of I2 I3, C, G1 G2 G3, Eruption 
G5. 
6-7 months : Eruption G6. 
1-2 years : Wearing down of trefoil on I1. 
2-3 years : Wearing down of trefoil on I2. 
4-5 years : Wearing down of trefoil on I3. 
Over 5 years, impossible to determine the age. 
g) Body Temperature, Pulse, and Respiration. 
Fahrenheit 
Pulse 
beats 
in a 
minute 
Respira- 
tions 
in a 
minute 
Tempera- 
ture 
Average 
Horse 
99.5-101.4 
100.4 
28-40 
8-16 
Cow 
100.4-102.2 
101.4 
40-60 
10-30 
Sheep 
102.2-104.9 
103.4 
70-80 
12-20 
Swine 
100.4-104 
102.2 
60-80 
8-18 
Dog 
99.5-102.2 
100.8 
70-120 
10-30 
Cat 
102.2-104 
101.4 
110-130 
20-30 
Fowl 
106.2-108.5 
107.6 
120-160 
40-50 
h) Equivaients of Fahrenheit and Centigrade 
Temperatures. 
To reduce Centigrade to Fahrenheit, multiply by 
1.8 and add 32. To reduce Fahrenheit to Centigrade, 
subtract 32 and divide by 1.8. Table of Equivalents of Centigrade and Fahrenheit 
Thermometric Scales. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
Cent. 
Fahr. 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
0 
32.0 
34 
93.2 
68 
154.4 
+1 
33.8 
35 
95.0 
69 
156.2 
2 
35.6 
36 
96.8 
70 
158.0 
3 
37.4 
37 
98.6 
71 
159.8 
4 
39.2 
38 
100.4 
72 
161.6 
5 
41.0 
39 
102.2 
73 
163.4 
6 
42.8 
40 
104.0 
74 
165.2 
7 
44.6 
41 
105.8 
75 
167.0 
8 
46.4 
42 
107.6 
76 
168.8 
9 
48.2 
43 
109.4 
77 
170.6 
10 
50.0 
44 
111.2 
78 
172.4 
11 
51.8 
45 
113.0 
79 
174.2 
12 
53.6 
46 
114.8 
80 
176.0 
13 
55.4 
47 
116.6 
81 
177.8 
14 
57.2 
48 
118.4 
82 
179.6 
15 
59.0 
49 
120.2 
83 
181.4 
16 
60.8 
50 
122.0 
84 
183.2 
17 
62.6 
51 
123.8 
85 
185.0 
18 
64.4 
52 
125.6 
86 
186.8 
19 
66.2 
53 
127.4 
87 
188.6 
20 
68.0 
54 
129.2 
88 
190.4 
21 
69.8 
55 
131.0 
89 
192.2 
22 
71.6 
56 
132.8 
90 
194.0 
23 
73.4 
57 
134.6 
91 
195.8 
24 
75.2 . 
58 
136.4 
92 
197.6 
25 
77.0 
59 
138.2 
93 
199.4 
26 
78.8 
60 
140.0 
94 
201.2 
27 
80.6 
61 
141.8 
95 
203.0 
28 
82.4 
62 
143.6 
96 
204.8 
29 
84.2 
63 
145.4 
97 
206.6 
30 
86.0 
64 
147.2 
98 
208.4 
31 
87.8 
65 
149.0 
99 
210.2 
32 
89.6 
66 
150.8 
100 
212.0 
33 
91.4 
67 
152.8 
159 9. Veterinary Hygiene. 
Stable Construction. 
Site and Foundation. Stables should be built on 
a slightly elevated site; they should not be in close 
contact with large buildings or banks since these 
obstruct the free circulation of air. Avoid close 
proximity to swamps and sluggish streams (excess 
of moisture). Dry, coarse, gravelly or sandy subsoil 
is a desirable material upon which to rest the foun- 
dations, as water passes readily through many foun- 
dation walls to the side walls keeping them per- 
manently moist and cold. Clay soils should be 
thoroughly drained before receiving a foundation. 
The material for the construction of a foundation 
must be compact and water-proof (cement, hard- 
baked tile). The walls may be further protected from 
soil moisture by inclosing a layer of asphalt, or a 
heavy sheet of tar paper in the foundation wall 
near the top; additional protection is given by extend- 
ing the asphalt over the outer and inner sides to 
protect against atmospheric moisture. 
Walls, Ceilings, Floors. Stable walls should be 
constructed of porous material (non-conductor of 
heat and cold) to retain heat in winter and exclude 
it in summer. Such material is found in wood, air 
spaces, heavy building paper, tar-paper, dry sand, 
and tile blocks. The outer surface of the wall must 
be water-proof to exclude moisture (rain, snow, 
water-vapor): paint, glazed tile, hard cement plaster, 
tar-paper beneath clapboards. The inner surface of 
the wall must also be water-proof, have a smooth 161 
surface, and be free from grooves or cracks: smooth 
white-washed boards, plaster-board, glazed tile or 
brick, hard cement plaster. Walls constructed en- 
tirely of cement or stone are too cold in winter, the 
material is too compact; they are, however, cool in 
summer. Stable walls must be water-proof on the 
outer and inner surfaces to prevent absorption of 
moisture; porous material between retains the heat 
and prevents condensation of moisture (sweating) on 
the inner surface. 
Ceilings require the same smooth, water-proof, 
and warm construction as walls. Warmth may be 
provided by roughage stored above. There should 
be no permanent opening through the ceiling of a 
stable into a hay-loft above: dust from the roughage, 
damage to food from stable gases, interference with 
ventilation. 
Floors. Concrete is one of the best available ma- 
terials for floor construction. It must rest upon a 
firm subsoil, or a well-tamped layer of cinders or 
coarse gravel, broken brick or stone. Upon this base 
spread three inches of a mixture of 1 part cement, 3 
parts coarse clean sand, and 5 finely broken stone, or 
gravel. Cover with a finishing coat one inch thick, 
made of 2 parts cement to 3 parts sand or crushed 
granite. While the surface is still soft it may be 
marked into four-inch squares by pressing into it 
three-fourths inch gas pipe; this prevents slipping, 
the grooves have no sharp angles, and they are 
easily cleaned. Floors upon which animals must 
remain permanently should be further provided with 
a softer and warmer covering: board slats and mats, 
boards, cork brick for cows. Hard-baked tile bricks 
cemented together make a floor that is warmer, less 162 
slippery, and softer; they have not come into general 
use in this country. Vitrified brick firmly cemented 
together make an ideal floor. Hard-baked tile and 
vitrified brick are superior to cement, but are more 
expensive. 
Dimensions of Stables. Cubic feet of space should 
be 500-1000 cu. ft. for each 1000 pounds of animal; the 
smaller space is better adapted to cold climates, or 
for stables provided with a very active system of 
ventilation. Not more than 50-75 large animals should 
be kept together in a stable. Where the units are 
larger it becomes difficult to exclude or suppress in- 
fectious diseases (tuberculosis). Width of cow sta- 
bles: single-row stables should be about 18 feet wide, 
divided approximately as follows: feeding alley 5 
feet, manger 1 foot 6 inches, curb for stanchion 4 
inches, stall 4 feet 6 inches, gutter 1 foot 6 inches, 
milking alley 5 feet 2 inches. Double-row stables are 
made 32-36 feet wide. Mangers: the partition in front 
of the manger should reach to about the level of the 
cow's nose to prevent throwing food out on the feed- 
ing floor, the bottom of the manger should not be on 
a lower level than the feet of the cow, provide low 
partitions between each manger and a partition on 
the curb between the stall and manger to keep the 
feet of the cow out of the manger. The top of the 
mangers for horses should be about the height of the 
elbow to one-half the height of the body. Stanchions 
should be attached as close as possible to the curb, 
or the cattle may be tied with chains. Stall space for 
cows should not be longer than necessary for stand- 
ing room, 15-20 sq. ft. per cow, 3-4 feet of width per 
cow. The floor of the stall should be of wood (plank, 
board mat of slats), or cork brick. Vitrified brick 163 
or hard-baked tile are warmer than cement. Cement 
is less objectionable when it is perfectly dry (dry 
subsoil, water-proofing). Cement that rests on a 
moist base is always cold, and is very liable to be 
damp. Stall partitions should be lower at the flank 
than at the shoulder so that the cow can turn and not 
have to step in the gutter, ribs are often broken by 
lying against single pipe partitions when the post 
is too far from the gutter so that it comes in contact 
with the ribs instead of the flank. Gutters may be 
12-15 inches wide by 10-15 inches deep, or 18 inches 
wide and 7 inches deep. The height of stables should 
be 8-10 feet, depending on the climate and the num- 
ber of animals together. 
Temperature. Sheep 40°-45° (lambing 50°-60°); 
cows 55°-65°; horses 60° (foals, suckling mares, and 
thoroughbreds 65°) Fahrenheit. 
Ventilation. There are two systems of ventila- 
tion, the horizontal system and the vertical system. 
The horizontal system of ventilation in its simplest 
form consists in substituting muslin for windows on 
opposite sides of the stable. It requires frequent 
renewal as the pores in the cloth become clogged 
with filth, during a sleety storm they may become in- 
active through the formation of a film of ice. In 
many old stables this is the cheapest and most prac- 
tical method of stable ventilation. Vertical. The 
stable must be tight (no open lofts, doors, or win- 
dows) or the system is inactive. Pure air enters the 
stable through intakes in the form of shafts 6-8 inches 
in diameter, starting on the outside near the ground, 
passing upward in the wall, and entering the stable 
in an upward direction near the ceiling. When the 
cows face in, extend the shafts in the floor or ceiling 164 
te the middle of the stable so that the pure air enters 
near the heads of the cows. Provide one shaft every 
10-12 feet on both sides with a damper for closing 
each shaft at will. Outtake shafts should be located 
at the greatest possible distance from intakes (center 
of the stables), pass straight up and end above the 
highest part of the roof. When cows face in, the 
lower end of the outtake shaft should open near 
the stable wall. Exits must be constructed of warm 
porous material (2 layers of boards and 1 layer of 
heavy building paper) and when possible enclosed in 
a mow of roughage. The top should be provided with 
a roof to keep out the storm, or better, a deflector to 
aid in suction. Two powers force the air through 
this shaft: 1. Heated air rising to cooler tempera- 
tures above, and 2. Suction by the outside currents of 
air, the wind. For a stable containing 10-12 large 
animals provide one shaft 12-14 inches in diameter. 
This shaft may be brought 6-12 inches below the 
ceiling when both powers of expulsion are utilized 
(moderate temperature and low wind), or to within 
about a foot of the floor when suction by the wind is 
sufficient (low temperature and high wind). Shafts 
that end at or near the ceiling should have a damper 
to close when the stable becomes too cool during 
cold high winds; those brought to the floor should 
have a damper in the side near the ceiling to open 
when the stable becomes too warm during moderate 
temperatures and a quiet atmosphere. In larger sta- 
bles the exit shaft is increased to three feet for each 
5010 60 cows. 
Moisture in stables is an index to the degree of 
impurity of the air. Frost or moisture on the walls 
indicates a relative moisture of 100% (poor ventila- 165 
tion, or damp floors, or both). The per cent of 
moisture in a stable should not greatly exceed that 
of the outdoor atmosphere. The general average is 
70-80 per cent. A cheap hygrometer is the simplest 
method of determining the per cent of moisture 
(Mitthof's Hygrometer, 3 inch diameter, Eimer & 
Amend, N. Y. City. Costs about $2.00). 
Light. Provide a window surface of one-twelfth 
to one-thirteenth of the floor space, or about 4 sq. ft. 
per cow. All animals, especially horses, should be 
protected from the direct sunlight. In horse stables 
place the windows behind the stalls, or high enough 
in front to prevent the light falling directly in the 
face (8 feet). 
Stable Disinfection depends on the destruction of 
the germs of disease that may be present in the 
stable itself, and on the removal and exclusion of 
carriers that may deposit infection in the stable: 
attendants in hog cholera; animals that react to the 
tuberculin or mallein test; fetus, afterbirth, and 
vaginal discharges in contagious abortion. Many old 
stables with open wood-work, cracks, and crevices 
cannot be thoroughly disinfected. 
The first step in a complete disinfection of a 
stable consists in the removal of all loose dust and 
filth, followed by thorough cleansing with hot soap 
and water. Dirt must be removed from all cracks, 
crevices, and corners until the material of construc- 
tion is fully exposed and clean. This requires sweep- 
ing, scrubbing, scraping, and tearing out of rotten or 
porous material especially wooden stable floors and 
mangers. In many cases the thoroughness of the 
cleansing process is of more importance than the 
selection of the disinfectant. Ordinary disinfection 166 
does not penetrate a dried coat of manure, or wood- 
work that has become porous by decay. 
Disinfection may be partial: frequent disinfection 
of floors to prevent disease, or destroy infection when 
complete segregation is impractical (contagious abor- 
tion, white scours). Such disinfection aids in the 
suppression of infection, but it is inferior to complete 
segregation and disinfection. Disinfection is complete 
when all exposed surfaces (floors, ceilings, walls, 
utensils, stanchions, etc.) are included. This method 
should be adopted whenever one expects to promptly 
suppress any contagious disease (tuberculosis, glan- 
ders, white scours, contagious abortion). Frequent 
partial disinfection is a useful procedure in any 
stable, and complete disinfection should be applied 
at least once a year in all stables. 
The ease with which infection in a stable is de- 
stroyed is usually overestimated. Disinfectants 
should be applied under pressure in the form of a 
fine spray. Force pumps for this purpose are inex- 
pensive and the application is more thorough than 
with a brush. Spray the surface to be covered until 
it is thoroughly soaked, do not spare the disinfec- 
tant. Wood surfaces should be covered from one to 
five times according to the smoothness of the surface, 
the frequency of disinfection in the stable, and the 
resistance of the infection. In outbreaks of acute 
infectious diseases the stalls of the sick should be 
disinfected at frequent intervals, especially the floors 
and mangers. The activity of a disinfectant depends 
on its germicidal power and its ability to penetrate 
or soak into materials used in stable construction. 
Sunlight readily destroys germs when they are 
freely exposed to its rays; like all other disinfectants 167 
it cannot reach organisms enclosed in filth; its effi- 
ciency is very much overestimated. Cleanliness and 
light in a stable are essential to health, and sunlight 
not only destroys infection within its reach, but 
emphasizes the presence of filth. It is a great aid 
to disinfection when a stable is let stand empty with 
the doors and windows open during the summer. 
Lime (CaO) is a cheap and useful agent against 
the less resistant organisms: hog cholera, chicken 
cholera, anthrax bacilli, pus cocci. It is too weak for 
anthrax spores or tubercle bacilli. It is used in the 
form of whitewash applied from two to five times in 
the form of a spray at intervals of not less than two 
hours. Lime is also sprinkled on the floor where it 
destroys only those organisms with which it comes in 
direct contact. As a deodorant, and to emphasize the 
presence of filth it is highly useful. For this purpose 
it may be used in a much weaker solution (1:20). 
Stables should be whitewashed from two to four 
times a year. Whitewash is often combined with 
carbolic acid, but experiments made in the Bureau 
of Animal Industry show that the activity of carbolic 
acid is thereby reduced. 
Chlorinated lime ("Chlorid of Lime") when fresh 
and dry is muoh stronger than lime, but too weak for 
anthrax spores or tubercle bacilli. It is used in 
water or whitewash in the proportion of 1:3-5. It 
leaves a persistent odor that is very objectionable 
around milch cows, it is also destructive to clothing. 
Carbolic acid in a 3-5 per cent aqueous solution 
is widely used; it is not strong enough, however, for 
the resistant anthrax spores, or the blackleg organ- 
ism. Pure carbolic acid (phenol) is also expensive, 
and crude carbolic acid alone is insoluble in water. 168 
A 3 per cent solution of a mixture of one part volume 
of crude carbolic acid and ^-1 part volume crude 
sulphuric acid is readily soluble in water, strong 
enough to kill the resistant tubercle bacilli and an- 
thrax spores, and is comparatively cheap (Fischer & 
Koske). The insoluble cresols of the crude carbolic 
acid are thus made available. Animals should not 
be returned to the stable until the vapor of carbolic 
acid has disappeared; this is especially true of milch 
cows. 
Creolin, and its numerous substitutes, is active 
against most forms of bacteria when they are not 
enclosed in albumenous material; it is not strong 
enough for spores. It is used in a 2-5% solution. 
Liquor cresolis compositus in a 2-5% solution is 
very efficient, its germicidal power being higher than 
either carbolic acid or creolin. 
Cresol, from which creolin and liquor cresolis 
compositus are derived, is highly efficient when com- 
bined with sulphuric acid or soap to render it soluble 
in water. The experiments of Fischer & Koske show 
that a 3 per cent aqueous solution of one volume 
cresol and one-half volume crude sulphuric acid gives 
a very strong and inexpensive germicide. 
Corrosive sublimate 1:1000 (one ounce to eight 
gallons) in a 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride 
is among the stronger disinfectants.. Care should be 
used in returning animals to the stable too soon after 
its use as it is very poisonous, especially to cattle. 
It corrodes metals and for this reason it should be 
prepared in wooden tubs and not applied to metal 
surfaces. 10. Clinical Diagnosis. 
A 
GENERAL EXAMINATION 
I. Anamnesis. 1 Duration, 2 Symptoms, 3 Cause, 
4 Number affected, 5 Previous treatment. 
II. Signalment. 1 Species, 2 Sex, 3 Color, 4 Age, 
5 Size, 6 Breed, 7 Use. 
III. Habitus. 1 Attitude, 2 Condition, 3 Conforma- 
tion, 4 Temperament. 
IV. Skin. 1 Hair, 2 Sweat, 3 Color, 4 Condition, 
5 Swellings, 6 Sensitiveness, 7 Lesions. 
V. Eye. 1 Expression, 2 Discharges, 3 Color of 
conjunctiva, 4 Swelling of conjunctiva. 
VI. Fever. 1 Temperature, 2 Chills, 3 Distribu- 
tion of local heat, 4 Increase in pulse and respiration, 
5 Appetite, 6 Mental depression, 7 Albumen, 8 Type 
-F. continua, remittens, intermittens, atypica. 
VII. Hypothermia. 
B 
CIRCULATORY APPARATUS. 
I. Pulse. 1 Frequency, 2 Rhythm-normal, ir- 
regular, intermittent, 3 Quality (size-full, empty, 
inequal, imperceptible; strength-strong, weak; 
hardness-hard, soft), trembling, thready, wiry, 
quick, sluggish, dicrotic. 
II. Veins. 1 Permanent distension of the periph- 
eral veins, 2 Jugular pulse-negative, positive. 170 
III. Heart. 1 Impulse, 2 Percussion, 3 Sounds- 
increase, decrease, blending, bruits, rhythm, splash- 
ing pericardial sounds in traumatic pericarditis in 
cows. 
c 
RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. 
I. Respirations. 1 Frequency, 2 Rhythm, 3 In- 
tensity, 4 Type, 5 Sounds-wheezing, rattling, laryn- 
geal, stenotic tones, bubbling, 6 Dyspnea-inspiratory, 
expiratory, mixed. 
II. Breath. 1 Currents at the nostril, 2 Odor. 
III. Nasal Discharges. 1 Quantity-slight, co- 
pious, unilateral, variable, 2 Color, 3 Consistency- 
serous, mucous, mucilaginous, flocculent, purulent, 4 
Odor, 5 Admixture-fine and coarse foam, food par- 
ticles, parasites. 
IV. Nasal Cavities. 1 Asymmetry of the face, 2 
Lesions of the nose and lips, 3 Mucous membranes- 
discolorations (hyperemia, hemorrhage), swellings, 
wounds, nodules, ulcers, cicatrices. 
V. Submaxillary Lymph Glands. 1 Swelling- 
unilateral, bilateral, 2 Surface-smooth, rough, 3 Con- 
sistency, 4 Heat and pain, 5 Movability. 
VI. Cough. 1 Induced, 2 Frequency-occasional, 
frequent, paroxysmal, 3 Pain, 4 Force-strong, weak, 
5 Duration-short, long, 6 Depth, 7 Sound-loud, clear, 
low, dull, loose, moist, dry, 8 Expectoration. 
VII. Larynx. 1 Palpation-heat, pain, scars, flat- 
tening of the larynx and trachea, 2 Auscultation-nor- 
mal expiratory tone, abnormal (whistling, rattling). 
VIII. Percussion of the Thorax. 1 Area, 2 Reso- 
nance, 3 Tympany, 4 Dullness. 171 
IX. Auscultation. 1 Vesicular murmur-exagger- 
ated, feeble, absent, 2 Bronchial tones, 3 Vague tones, 
4 Rales-moist (fine and coarse crepitant, fine and 
coarse bubbling), dry (sibilant-fine, sonorous- 
coarse). 5 Pleuritic friction tones. 
X. Heaves. Lungs or heart. Exercise, rest 
(character of respirations, foamy nasal discharge, 
cough). 
D 
DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 
I. Appetite for Food and Drink. 1 Perverted ap- 
petite, 2 Manner of taking food and drink, 3 Mastica- 
tion, 4 Deglutition. 
II. Buccal Cavity. 1 Temperature, 2 Amount of 
saliva, 3 Odor, 4 Lesions on mucous membranes- 
petechiae, nodules, pustules, ulcers (contagious, ero- 
sions, poisons), blisters, wounds, 5 Foreign bodies, 6 
Teeth-points, projections, caries, loose. 
III. Throat and Esophagus. 1 Inspection, 2 Pal- 
pation-pain, swellings, consistency, foreign bodies 
in the esophagus. 
IV. Rumination. 1 Frequency of eructation, 2 
Number of mastications per cud. 
V. Vomiting. Dogs, swine, ruminants, horse. 
VI. Abdomen. 1 Inspection-abnormal distension 
and reduction, 2 Palpation-consistency, pain, trau- 
matic gastritis and pericarditis, peristalsis, contrac- 
tions of the rumen in cows, 3 Rectal examination- 
impaction of colon, floating colon, cecum, and ileum, 
distension of stomach, incarceration (internal ingui- 
nal ring in stallions), gut-tie, invagination, torsion, enteroliths, tumors, enlarged sublumbar lymph 
glands in traumatic gastritis and peritonitis in cows, 
4 Percussion-clear, tympanitic, dull, 5 Auscultation 
-kinds of sounds, increase, decrease, paralysis. 
VII. Evacuations. 1 Frequency-normal, consti- 
pation, diarrhea, 2 Volume, 3 Consistency and form, 
4 Color, 5 Covering, 6 Odor, 7 Composition-fine and 
coarse food particles, foreign bodies, exudates, para- 
sites. 
172 
E 
URINARY APPARATUS. 
I. Manner of Voiding Urine. 1 Frequency-ab- 
normally frequent (polyuria, stranguria), 2 Painful 
(dysuria), 3 Retention (ischuria) from obstruction or 
paralysis, 4 Incontinence. 
II. Examination of the Urine. 1 Quantity, 2 Color, 
3 Transparency-normal (turbid), clear, very turbid, 
4 Consistency, 5 Specific gravity, 6 Reaction, 7 Al- 
bumen increased-diseases of kidney, blood, nerves, 
diminished blood pressure, fever, 8 Albumoses (inter- 
nal abscess), 9 Hemoglobinuria-hematogenic, myo- 
genic, 10 Hematuria, 11 Indican (indigestion), 12 
Choleuria, 13 Grape Sugar, 14 Lactose. 
III. Microscopic. 1 Crystals-carbonate of lime, 
oxalates, urates, hippuric acid, phosphates, sulphates, 
2 Organic matter-epithelium, white and red blood 
cells, casts, bacteria. 
IV. Examination of the Urinary Organs. 1 Pal- 
pation-kidneys, ureters (catheter in mare), bladder, 
urethra. 173 
F 
SEXUAL APPARATUS. 
I. Increased Sexual Desire. 1 Nymphomania, 2 
Satyriasis. 
II. Female Organs. 1 Vulva-swelling, retrac- 
tion, discharges, 2 Vagina, 3 Udder-quantity and 
quality of milk, teats (blisters, fistulae, nodules in 
teat canal, size and direction of stream, character of 
milk), quarters (size, consistency, sensitiveness), 4 
Ovaries, 5 Horns, 6 Uterus. 
III. Male Organs. 1 Penis-vesicles, ulcers, pus- 
tules, scars, tumors. 
G 
NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
I. Psychic Functions. 1 Mental excitement- 
cerebritis, rabies, tubercular meningitis, 2 Mental de- 
pression-dullness, drowsiness, sopor, coma, 3 Vertigo. 
II. Sensibility. 1 Hypesthesia-finger in the ear, 
flip the nose, step on the coronet, pin pricks, general 
behavior, 2 Anesthesia, 3 Hyperesthesia-first stage 
of irritation or inflammation of any part of the brain 
or cord. 
III. Motility. 1 Spasm-clonic, tonic, trembling, 
convulsions, orthotonus, opisthotonus, trismus, saw- 
horse attitude, reflex spasms, 2 Involuntary move- 
ments, 3 Disturbance of the muscular sense, 4 Paraly- 
sis-cerebral, spinal, peripheral, 5 Reflexes-brain, 
spine. 174 
H 
BODY MOVEMENTS. 
I. Blind Staggers (dummies). Development, 
pulse, appetite, psychic condition (expression, atti- 
tude, movements of the head, use of the ears and 
eyes), sensibility, motility. 
IV. Epilepsy and Vertigo. V. Balkiness. VI. 
Cribbing. VII. Weaving. 
I 
LYMPHATIC GLANDS. 
1 Submaxillary, 2 Subpartoid lymph glands, 3 Ret- 
ro-pharyngeal (anterior, posterior-atlantal), 4 Pre- 
scapular, 5 Percrural, 6 Inguinal (horse), 7 Supra- 
mammary, 8 Mesenteric, lumbar, and sacral,-per 
rectum. 
J 
Eye. 1 Expression, 2 Lids: partial closure swell- 
ing, angularity, discharges, loss of hair at the inner 
angle. Conjunctiva: color, swelling, membrana nic- 
titans. 3 Lachrymal duct. 4 Bulb: atrophy (soft on 
palpation following periodic ophthalmia). 5 Cornea: 
turbidity, bulging, flat. 6 Anterior chamber: fibrin- 
ous exudates, filaria papillosa. 7 Iris and Pupil: size, 
movability, color, adhesions. 8 Lens: turbidity 
(ophthalmoscope, dilate the pupil with atropin when 
in doubt). 9 Vitreous body: turbidities (ophthalmo- 
scope or retinascope). 10 Retina. 11 Test for blind- 
ness by leading against some object. 175 
K 
Head and Neck. Examine for wounds, fistulae 
and swellings: face, base of ear, parotid region, poll, 
thyroids, side of neck, top of neck (sitfast from collar 
bruise). 
L 
Thorax. 1 Breast: wounds, fistula, hematoma, 
swelling, tumor, pain. 2 Sides: phlegmon, fracture 
and fistula of ribs, tumor, stiffness (pleuritis). 3 
Withers: abrasion, eczema, wounds, fistula, abscess, 
hematoma, pain, movability of the skin. 
Abdomen. Wounds, Swellings: edema, phlegmon, 
hernia (scrotal, ventral, inguinal, umbilical),'hema- 
toma, abscess. 
M 
ANTERIOR LIMB. 
I. Shoulder. Swinging-leg lameness (muscle), 
mixed lameness (joint), unable to support weight 
(radial paralysis, suprascapular paralysis). Throm- 
bosis of axillary arteries, contusion, phlegmon, ab- 
scess, hematoma, omarthritis, bursitis intertubercu- 
laris, fracture, atrophy (inactivity, general, injury, 
azoturia), heat and pain. 
II. Carpus. Lameness in supporting-leg, swing- 
ing-leg, or mixed. Contracture, phlegmon, hematoma, 
abscess, precarpal bursitis, tendovaginitis (extensors, 
flexors), exostosis (inner surface), chronic arthritis 
(uniform enlargement); extend, flex, abduct, and 
adduct the joint to determine pain and motility. 
III. Metacarpus and tendons. Sudden support- 
ing-leg lameness, flexion of the fetlock joint. Inspect 176 
for contracture (upright fetlock, stub hoof), diffuse 
swellings (phlegmon), circumscribed swellings (ten- 
dinitis, tendon rupture, tendon callus, tendovaginitis), 
and scars. Palpate with the foot raised and the ten- 
dons flexed, each tendon its entire length, suspensory 
ligament is often diseased at the lower third 
(branches of the superior sesamoidean ligament), 
deep flexor is often diseased at the upper third 
(check ligament), note heat, pain, swelling, adhe- 
sions, and splints. 
IV. Fetlock. Inspect, palpate, rotate, extend, and 
flex. Note distortion, contusion, arthritis, sesamoidi- 
tis, fracture, scratches, wounds, fistulae, phlegmons, 
tendovaginitis, heat and pain. 
V. Coronet. Sprains, arthritis, ringbone, frac- 
ture, subcoronary and parachondral phlegmon, ab- 
scess, calk wounds, scars, fistulae, circular swellings 
at the coronet (sprains, circular ringbone, serous and 
suppurative arthritis, edema), circumscribed swell- 
ings (ringbone, subcoronary and parachondral phleg- 
mon, quittor). Depression at the coronet in sinking 
of the third phalanx. Heat and pain. 
VI. Hoof. Inspection, palpation, percussion, men- 
suration, pulsation of the plantar arteries, cocain or 
alypin. 1 Position of the limbs (toe-wide, toe-narrow, 
etc.), foot-axis, form of hoof (regular, acute-angled, 
obtuse-angled), atrophy, contraction. 2 Shoe: un- 
equal wear (toe in navicular disease and spavin), 
length, width, nails, weight. 3 Wall: smooth or 
rough, clefts, cracks, rings (normal, pathological), 
convex, concave, nail holes. 4 Sole: flat, white line, 
loose or hollow wall, corns, clefts. 5 Frog: atrophy, 
asymmetry, thrush, canker, wounds. 6 Bars: straight 
and prominent, buttress not too long, open cleft be- 177 
tween the bars and the frog. 7 Bulbs of the heel: 
wounds, contusions, swelling, atrophy, asymmetry, 
heat and pain. 8 Percuss to locate pododermatitis 
(wall, sole, frog). 9 Test for navicular disease: per- 
cussion over frog, sole, quarters; extension of joint 
(wedge test); flexion of joint (thumb test); rotation. 
10 Ossification of lateral cartilages. 
N 
PELVIS AND POSTERIOR LIMB. 
I. Lumbar and sacral region. Inspection, palpa- 
tion, movements, rectal and vaginal examination. 
Bilateral lameness: spinal cord, muscles, fracture of 
the vertebrae or pelvis, thrombosis at the base of 
the iliac arteries. 
II. Hip. Unilateral swinging-leg lameness: cox- 
itis, pelvic fracture, injury to muscles or nerves, ab- 
duction in paralysis of the obturator. Swellings: 
contusion, phlegmon, rupture, hematoma, fracture, 
general and partial atrophy; heat and pain. 
III. Stifle. Position of limb: flexed in single 
gonitis, shifting weight in double gonitis, unable to 
support weight in degenerative myositis of azoturia, 
unable to flex in stifle cramp. Luxation. Swellings: 
phlegmon, gonitis (inner surface), bursitis (lower an- 
terior surface), atrophy (degenerative, inactivity), 
fractures of the tibia; heat and pain. 
IV. Tarsal region. Inspection, palpation, flexion 
test, movements, wear of shoe. Spavin, lateral ex- 
ostoses, curb, capped hock, chronic serous arthritis 
(bog spavin), deforming arthritis, serous tendo- 
vaginitis of perforans (thoroughpin), fractures, string- 
halt. Swellings: edema, phlegmon, tendovaginitis; 
heat and pain. 178 
Physical Examination Chart for Cows. 
Owner Date Time 
Address 
Veterinarian Address 
Breed Sex Color .... Age .... Wt 
Use Registration No Tag No.... 
Name 
Previous owners and examinations 
Feed and feeding 
Stable No. of animals in herd 
Gen. Exam. Attitude Condition 
Conformation Hair 
Condition of Skin Temp Pulse 
Resp. Apparatus. History of Cough 
Respirations: Frequency .... Depth .... Type .... 
Dyspnea Cough 
Percussion 
Auscultation: Vesicular murmur 
Bronchial tones 
Vague tones 
Rales 
Heart. Impulse .... Percussion .... Sounds .... 
Digestive Tract. Appetite 
Tympany, past or present 
Contractions of the rumen 
Peristaltic sounds 
Size of abdomen 
Feces: Volume Frequency 
Consistency 179 
Lymph Glands 
Atlantal. Rt Lft 
Subparotid. Rt Lft 
Submaxillary. Rt Lft 
Retropharyngeal. Rt Lft 
Prescapular. Rt Lft 
Pre crural. Rt Lft 
Supramammary. Rt Lft 
Sublumbar and subsacral 
Mesenteric 
Date of pregnancy Date of calving 
Udder 
Lft. front 
Lft. hind 
Rt. front 
Rt. hind 
Special Examination (microscopic, animal inocula- 
tions, catalytic test, etc.): 
Milk 
Uterine and vaginal discharges 
Saliva 
Remarks. 11. Shipment of Tissues for Laboratory 
Diagnosis. 
For a bacteriological examination, or examina- 
tion of gross specimens, tissues must reach the lab- 
oratory in a fresh state. One of the best methods is 
to pack them in ice in large pails (tobacco or candy 
pails). For a histological examination tissues may 
be cut in one-half inch to one inch cubes and shipped 
in a 10% formalin solution, or in 95% alcohol. 
Blood for anthrax examination may be sent in a 
dried condition, a few drops on a piece of paper, or 
the ear may be cut off and forwarded. Blood for the 
agglutination test or fixation of the complement test 
for glanders: one to two ounces in a bottle in a mail- 
ing case or wooden box, time required for examina- 
tion 3 days. 
A blood count to determine the number of 
corpuscles requires special equipment for taking the 
sample (haemato-cytometer). A blood count to de- 
termine the relative number of leucocytes (differen- 
tial count) can be made when blood oozing from a 
freshly made wound is spread in a thin even smear 
on a glass slide and allowed to dry. 
For rabies examination forward the entire head 
packed in ice, or the intact brain in glycerin.