Reprinted from the New York Medical Journal for April 30, 1893. A NEW METHOD OF TREATING ACUTE URETHRITIS* By B. E. VAUGHAN, M. D., ATTENDING SURGEON, NEW YORK DISPENSARY ; ASSISTANT ATTENDING SURGEON, NEW YORK CANCER HOSPITAL, ETC. When I began the work for this paper I intended to speak of my results in treating urethritis at the New York Dispensary, where I have had during the past two years about two thousand two hundred cases. But in the past three months I have been developing what I may call a new plan of treatment, which, although not new in all its de- tails, is enough so, I think, to warrant such a designation. I use the term acute urethritis to include all forms of acute inflammations of the anterior urethra, whether specific or non-specific-first, because I did not have the time to make microscopical examinations, and, second, because the same rules of treatment apply, I think, to all acute cases. I can not expect that my method of treatment will be approved by all, but I hope it may call out full discussion and expression of opinion which may tend to throw more light on the treatment of a disease which by many is con- sidered hardly worse than a cold, but the results and com- * Read before the Hospital Graduates' Club. Copyright, 1892, by D. Appleton and Company. 28 A NEW METHOD OF TREATING plications of which cause many deaths and so much suf- fering. In a conversation with Dr. Bangs a few months ago, he said, in answer to my question, How he treated acute ure- thritis, that he had no routine treatment, but followed sur- gical indications, rest, drainage, and soothing applications to the mucous membranes. It impressed me as being so rational that I made it my basis for work, and have tried to follow it out in my treatment of cases. Dr. Powers asked me to try dermatol (subgallate of bis- muth), an astringent, drying, non-irritating, and non-poison- ous drug, which he describes in the Medical Record of Oc- tober 17, 1891. I first tried it in suspension, as it is insoluble, but the results were negative. Subsequently I succeeded in finding a vehicle which has proved satisfac- tory. I am indebted to Daggett & Ramsdell, of 328 Fifth Avenue, for a vehicle which seems to answer every require- ment, known under the name of plasment. They have fur- nished me the following notes : " Plasment consists of the mucilaginous principle ex- tracted from Chondrus crispus and Cetraria islandica (Irish and Iceland moss) combined with Siam benzoin and gly- cerin. The steam heat used in the extraction, together with other details of the process, render the preparation aseptic and it keeps perfectly. It combines readily with all sub- stances used in dermatology, in most instances producing preparations which are superior, from a pharmaceutical point of view, to ointments. We have used it extensively in the prescriptions of several of our leading dermatologists com- bined with such remedies as resorcin, salicylic acid, ichthyol, sulphur, oils of cade and tar, bismuth, zinc oxide, creasote, starch, carbolic acid, potassium iodide, iodine, subiodide of bismuth, dermatol, aristol, mercury, boric acid, etc., in all ACUTE URETHRITIS. 29 cases giving great satisfaction both to the patients and physician." Plasment is about of the consistence of vaseline. It is a demulcent and soothing to all mucous membranes. It is soluble in water, while the oils are. incompatible ; it coats the mucous membranes and is readily absorbed in a canal, de- positing the medicament on the membrane, and at the same time protecting and keeping apart the opposing surfaces. With this as a vehicle I use three or five per cent, of der- matol. You will readily see how this, through mixture of the dermatol with the vehicle, increases its action, if 1 quote from the paper of Dr. Powers. " Experiments were made regarding its antiseptic proper- ties, and it was found that when the dermatol was added to a fluid nutrient gelatin, decomposition or bacterial growth was hardly hindered. The same occurs with iodoform, iodol, bismuth subnitrate, and aristol. The dermatol can take effect only when it comes in direct contact with the germs and when it is evenly mixed with the nutrient medi- cine. This they accomplish in the following manner: Gela- tin was warmed in a reagent glass until it was just fluid (28° to 30° C.), and with it large amounts of dermatol were mixed. This was then mixed with a pure culture shaken and poured on cooled trays. As it stiffened in cooling, the dermatol was held in a uniform admixture. The anthrax bacillus, Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, Bacillus prodigio- sus, bacillus of typhus and pneumonia, were used. In all of these the growth was stopped." Now comes the question how to best apply such a mixt- ure to the mucous membrane that is diseased. I had a special soft-rubber catheter made by Tiemann, about five inches long, with several small openings near the end on all sides. As a syringe I use in private cases the compressible 30 A NEW METHOD OF TREATING tube such as paints come in, with a special hard-rubber tip screwed on the end, furnished me by Daggett & Ramsdell. In this way the substance is kept absolutely clean. In my dispensary cases, where 1 make a great many injections, I use a hard-rubber syringe, and fill it with a spatula after unscrewing and removing the piston. It re- quires very little for each injection, and a small quantity goes a long way. The catheters are made in two sizes- 10 and 20 F. scale. I prefer the larger size, if the urethra is large enough, as it makes the application more thorough. The method of treatment is as follows : The patient is first requested to urinate, not only that he may wash out the urethra, but that it may be as long as possible before it is necessary for him to pass urine again. Then the catheter is attached to a fountain syringe (any other syringe could be used), about seven feet from the floor, filled with warm water of an agreeable temperature to the hand (best, one drachm of chloride of sodium to the pint). The catheter introduced, the water goes to the bottom of the anterior urethra and then flows back around the tube and out at the meatus. The catheter should be small enough to allow the backward flow. After douching for a minute or more, the tip of the syringe is withdrawn from the catheter, and the syringe, with dermatol in plasment, is applied, and about half a drachm injected as the syringe is gradually withdrawn. In this way the whole length of the anterior urethra is coated with the medicament. ACUTE URETHRITIS. 31 As soon as the catheter is withdrawn, a small piece of absorbent cotton is applied over the meatus, and the patient is directed to change this frequently. Thorough antisepsis of instruments and hands in mak- ing application. This method of application to the urethra through a catheter was suggested by Dr. Fox, about twelve years ago, at the meeting of the State Medical Society, and I have a glass tube which Dr. Fox used at that time. Dr. Vander Poel and Dr. Halsted used iodoform, one part, and cold cream, eight parts. Dr. Bransford Lewis recommends vaseline and lanolin {Med. Rec., Aug. 17, 1889) as a vehicle; boric acid and resorcin used as active agents with a catheter four to five inches long. Dr. Rice {Med. Rec., July 20, 1889), boric acid and gly- cerin, three drachms to the ounce. Bartholow mentions subnitrate of bismuth and glycerin, and Finger lanolin, as a basis for urethral applications. You will notice that all these vehicles are emollients, while plasment is a demulcent. Brunton's definition for emollients is substances which soften and relax. Demulcents are substances which protect and soothe the parts to which they are applied. You will appreciate the difficulty in dispensary practice to get patients to return daily for treatment, and also the difficulty in keeping them under observation until sure that their cures have been permanent. I will give you the histories of a few of the average cases: December J/ih.-Mr. AV. has had gonorrhoea several times; last time, two years ago; profuse discharge, with pain on urina- tion and balanitis for a week. Dermatol, five per cent, in plas- 32 A NEW METHOD OF TREATING ment. Mist. pot. bicarb., t. i. d. B Potassii bicarb., gr. viij ; tinct. hyoscyam., TTLiv; aqufe, 3 j. 5th.-Pain less; discharge improved. Sth.-Discharge very slight; no pain. 10th.-Discharge very slight; no pain. 12th.-Discharge very slight; no pain. 13th.-No discharge. The patient was under observation for two weeks; ten days under treatment; five visits. Duration of disease, seventeen days. December 5th.-Mr. B., gonorrhoea several times; last time, two years ago. Profuse discharge for a week, with pain on urination. Dermatol and plasment. Bicarbonate of potassium, as in No 1. 10th.- Discharge improved, but pain worse. 12th.-Discharge improved; pain less. 16th.-Only very slight watery discharge; no discomfort. 17th.-Slight moisture. 18th.-No discharge. 19th.-No discharge. 21st.-No discharge. 23d.-The patient considered cured. From the beginning of treatment to the stopping of discharge, thirteen days; five visits. Duration of disease, twenty days. November 23d.-Mr. M., no gonorrhoea before; discharge for two days profuse, with marked swelling of mucous membrane and severe balanitis. No injection given on first day, but bi- carbonate of potassium given. 24th.-Increased discharge and marked pain on urination. Dermatol and plasment used. Passing catheter irritated slightly. 25th.-Condition about the same. 30th.-Patient not here for five days. Discharge still pro- fuse. December 1st.-Markedly improved. Pain on urination disappeared. 2d.-Continued improvement; no discomfort. 5th.-Continued improvement. Sth.-Continued improvement. No. Name. History. Nature. Treatment. Remarks. Length of treat- ment. 1 Mr. C. Gonorrhoea twice; 1 week. Profuse discharge, with painful micturition. Dermatol, five per cent, twice daily; dcrmatol and plasment. Improved in 3 days. All treatment stopped, but in 3 days slight return due to beer; cured by one injec- tion. 20 days. 2 Mr. Con. None before; 3 weeks. Profuse and purulent dis- charge, with balanitis. Dermatol and plasment. Improved after first injection; stopped in 3 davs. 3 days 3 Mr. H. None before; 10 weeks. Moderate discharge. Solution of dermatol, five per cent. Improved in 2 days. 3 days. 4 Mr. L. None before; 1 week. ll Ct Il ll ll Patient did not return. 5 Mr. R. None before; 4 days. Ct n It ll It u ll ll 6 Mr. G. None before; 6 weeks. Profuse discharge. ll ll ll Discharged stopped in 7 days. 10 days. 7 Mr. D. None before; 1 month. u u It ll ll Improved in 2 days. 12 days. 8 Mr. B. None before; 5 days. Profuse discharge; pain on urination. Solution of dermatol, five per cent., until 12 days, and then derma- tol and plasment. 3 weeks no discharge; then 2 weeks no discharge; then slight return after drinking beer. 7 weeks. 9 Mr. S. None before; 4 days. Profuse discharge, and pain on uiination. Solution of dermatol, five per cent. 5 days discharge less, no pain; slight showing at meatus for 8 days, and then stopped. 13 days. 10 Mr. Z. None before; 3 weeks. Profuse discharge; some pain. Solution of dermatol, five per cent.; irregu- lar. Less pain and discharge the following day. In 10 days only slight dis- charge ; then no treatment for a week. Came back with epididymitis. 11 Mr. C. Treated for near- ly a month with copaiba. Copious discharge. Solution of dermatol, five per cent., for 2 weeks, improvement; dermatol and plasment. Discharge stopped in 3 weeks. 3 weeks. 12 Mr. S. None before; 1 week. Profuse, with pain on urination. Dermatol, five per cent, for 2 weeks ; dermatol and plasment. Improvement; stopped in 10 days. 10 days. 13 Mr. Gil. Gonorrhoea sev- eral times; not entirely free; 5 days. Profuse and purulent. Dermatol and pot. bicarb, for 11 days ; dermatol and plasment used. Improved first ll days; very slight discharge continued for 2 weeks longer, then stopped. 25 days. 14 Mr. Gar. None before; 5 days ago. Profuse, and pain on urination. Solution of dermatol, five per cent.; after 3 weeks, pot. bicarb.; dermatol and plasment. Discharge stopped in 5 days; 2 weeks later, nodule near meatus, which burst into urethra. 6 weeks. 15 J. H. None before; 10 days. Profuse discharge, pain, and frequent micturi- tion. Sol. of dermatol, five per cent.; pot. bicarb.; dermatol and plasment. Discharge stopped in 5 days ; returned in a week, cured by one injection. 12 days. 16 Mr. B. None before; 3 weeks. Profuse and purulent discharge; pain and chordee. Solution of dermatol, 2 weeks; pot. bicarb.; dermatol and plasment. Discharge stopped; returned 5 days later; stopped after 4 days. 3 weeks. 17 Mr. T. Several times ; 1 week. Watery discharge; pain on urination. Solution of dermatol, five per cent., 1 week; dermatol and plas- ment ; pot. bicarb. Solution of dermatol, pot. bicarb. Improvement in 2 days; patient ir- regular ; discharge stopped, and did not return. 24 days. 18 Mr. H. Discharge; 4 weeks. Quite profuse. Discharge stopped in 3 days. 3 days. 19 Mr. Har. 3 days. Moderate. It ll It 11 days. 20 Mr. B. Gonorrhoea 1 yr. ago; 1 week. Profuse, and pain on urination. ll ll ll 5 days, improvement; dermatol and plasment given; cured in 4 days. Improved; discharge stopped in 2 days ; patient did not return. 9 days. 21 Mr. J. None before; 5 days. Purulent and frequent micturition; balanitis; phimosis. Solution of dermatol, pot. bicarb., 1 week; dermatol and plasment. 22 Mr. M. Gonorrhoea 5 yrs. ago; 9 days. None before; 2 days. Gonorrhoea 1 yr. ago; 4 days. Profuse; no pain. Solution of dermatol, pot. bicarb. Discharge stopped in 7 days. Patient did not return. 23 Mr. R. Chancroid for 1 week; discharged; pain. Profuse, with pain on urination. Solution of dermatol, pot. bicarb.; then dermatol and plasment used. Solution of dermatol, pot. bicarb., 1 week; der- matol and plasment. Very little improvement, 8 days; 14 days, no discharge. Stopped in 8 days; slight return at intervals for 3 weeks; cured. 14 days. Mr. Coh. 3 weeks. 25 McG. None before; 2 days. Thick, white, with pain on urination. Dermatol and plasment, pot. bicarb. No discharge after 2 weeks; irregular treatment. 2 weeks. 26 McC. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. Profuse, with pain on urination. ll ll Cl No discharge on third visit; patient irregular; did not return for 8 days. Discharge again profuse; improve- ment in 4 days. 15 days. 27 McD. Gonorrhoea 1 yr. ago; 2 days. Moderate, with pain on urination. Sol. of dermatol, 1 week; dermatoland plasment, pot. bicarb. Treated 1 month, although most of time no discharge. 1 month. 28 Mr. V. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. Profuse, with pain on urination. ll ll ll ll ll ll 1 month. 29 Mr. M. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. Profuse, and pain on urination. Dermatol and plasment, pot. bicarb. Improvement in 4 days. 30 Mr. R. No gonorrhoea; 3 days. Ordinary. Solution of dermatol, five per cent.; pot. bicarb.; dermatol and plasment. Discharge stopped after a week; re- turned again in 4 days. Injection given of dermatol and plasment; 2 days better, but slight moisture in the mornings for 2 weeks. 1 month (no return). 31 Mr. Hein. Discharge; 3 weeks. Slight, and pain on uri- nation. Dermatol and plasment, pot. bicarb. Discharge stopped in 24 hours, with- out perceptible return. 2 days. No. Name. History. Nature. Treatment. Remarks. Length of treat- ment. 32 McC. Gonorrhoea and stricture before; 3 days. Profuse discharge, and pain on urination. Dermatol and plasm ent, pot. bicarb. In 2 days the discharge disappeared; but with very slight returns, with- out any pain or irritation, for 1 mo. Discharge improved after three visits; did not return for 10 days, and with another trouble; no discharge since visit. 5 weeks. 33 Mr. St. 2 weeks. Profuse discharge, and pain on urination. For 2 weeks patient was treated by AgN03 (1 to 3,000), no improve- ment ; dermatol and plasment, pot. bicarb. 3 days. 34 Mr. D. Gonorrhoea 2 yrs. 2 days. Profuse discharge; bala- nitis. Dermatol and plasment, irregularly; pot. bi- carb. ; thirteen visits in a month. Discharge stopped in 3 weeks, but re- turned and continued slightly for 1 week. 5 weeks. 35 Mr. M. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. Profuse; balanitis; small meatus. Dermatol and plasment, pot. bicarb. Stopped entirely in 5 weeks; meatus was irritated by catheter. 5 weeks. 36 Mr. S. No gonorrhoea; 3 weeks. Profuse. G G G Following day very much improved; second injection given. Patient did not return. 37 Lewis. No gonorrhoea; 3 weeks. Considerable discharge, with pain. G G G No discharge on second and third visits; then very slight for 10 days. No discharge at 3 weeks; patient re- turned 2 weeks later with discharge following use of beer. 12 days. 38 Mr. B. Gonorrhoea 3 yrs. ago; 3 days. Profuse, with pain. G G G 5 weeks. 39 Mr. G. Gonorrhoea 2 years; 1 day. Gonorrhoea sev- eral times; 1 wk. Quite profuse. G G G Patient very irregular; cured after 5 weeks, only 6 visits. 3 weeks (not satisfactory). 40 Mr. W. Discharge; pain and balanitis. G G G No discharge in 11 days. 11 days. 41 McG. Several times; 2 weeks. Ordinary. G G G Discharge stopped in 1 week; re- turned twice later due to excessive indulgence. 1 week; under observation for 4 weeks. 42 Mr. B. Several times; 1 week. g G Discharge stopped temporarily in 13 days; in 16 days stopped and did not return. 16 days. 43 Gross. 2 months. g G G G 4 days, stopped; but returned in 1 week slightly after beer in excess; stopped by one injection. 12 days. 44 Mr. J. 1 week. Small meatus; profuse discharge. G G G No discharge in 19 days. 19 days. 45 Mr. G. No gonorrhoea; 1 week. Profuse discharge; swell- ing of glands and oede- ma of prepuce. G G G Stopped in 12 days; slight return at intervals for 2 weeks longer. 1 month. 46 Mr. F. No gonorrhoea; 1 week. Profuse discharge; chan- cre and balanitis. G G G Discharge stopped in 6 days. 6 days. 47 Mr. H. 2 days. Profuse. G G G G G G Patient did not return. 48 Mr. C. 4 weeks. Profuse; treated 4 wks. by copaiba. G G G Stopped in 3 days. 3 days. 49 Mr. S. Gonorrhoea twice; 2 weeks. No gonorrhoea before; 2 weeks. Ordinary. G G G In 2 days discharge disappeared; in 10 days cured. 10 days. 50 Mr. K. g G G G Stopped in 13 days; returned slight on 17th ; cured in 20 davs. 20 days. 51 Mr. S. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. Profuse, and pain on urination. G G G After 5 days only slight moisture at meatus; stopped entirely in 15 days. 15 days. 52 Mr. D. Gonorrhoea 4 months; 1 wk. Profuse; copaiba, 3 days. G G G Practically stopped after one injec- tion ; cured in 10 days. 10 days. 53 Mr. H. Gonorrhoea 8 yrs. ago; 1 week. Ordinary. G G G Second visit practically no discharge. Stopped in 6 days; no discharge for 10. Indulgence in beer brought back discharge for 3 days. 21 days. 54 Mr. C. No gonorrhoea; 1 day. Profuse, with pain. G G G Four injections; much improvement. Patient did not return. 55 Mr. M. Gonorrhoea three times; last time 2 years ago; 1 day. g g G G G 3 days, no discharge; slight return in 3 days, then no discharge for 5 days. Slight return, frequent urination, and pain. Discharge stopped in 13 days; pain on urination disappeared after 5 days. 13 days. 56 Mr. W. No gonorrhoea; 2 days. g g G G G Improvement for 21 days. Patient did not return. 57 Mr. L. 2 years ago; 2 days. Profuse, with pain ; bala- nitis. G G G Gradual improvement; no discharge after 13 days. 13 days. 58 Mr. G. No gonorrhoea; 3 days. Profuse, with pain. G G G Patient on third visit had no discharge, and it has only been very slight with no discomfort since. Still under treatment. 59 Mr. L. No gonorrhoea; 4 days. G G G G G Discharge stopped in 4 days, did not return ; saw patient 10 days later. Discharge stopped by one injection. 8 days. 60 Mr. Lewis. No gonorrhoea; 4 weeks. Ordinary. G G G 2 days. 61 Mr. F. Gonorrhoea once before; 1 week. Quite profuse. G G G After 3 injections discharge stopped; patient returned 10 days later for another trouble. 1 week. 62 Mr. H. Gonorrhoea 2 yrs. ago; 1 week. Gonorrhoea twice before; 3 weeks. G G G G G Improved; very slight watery dis- charge only; 16 davs. Under treat- ment. 63 Mr. R. Ordinary. G G G No discharge in 3 days, but returned 8 days later; again stopped after two injections ; four injections. 12 days. 64 65 66 Mr. A. Fifteen cast Twenty-five No gonorrhoea before; 4 days. ;s under treatmer cases could not Profuse; purulent, with pain on urination and oedema about penis. it less than 10 days ; all d ittend regularly; treatmen G G fing well, t not given. G Improved after first injection; still under treatment, but discharge prac- tically cured. Still under treat- ment; 12 days. ACUTE URETHRITIS. 33 10th.-Continued improvement. 11th.-Continued improvement. 16th.-Continued improvement. Patient came regularly discharge growing less. On the 30th it entirely ceased and did not return. Discharge lasting in all five weeks, but course and symptoms mild after first week. I will also give the result of its use in two private cases, where I had acute exacerbation of chronic urethritis: 1. Young man under treatment by deep injections of nitrate of silver for chronic posterior urethritis. After free indulgence in beer and connection with a prosti- tute, he came to my office with a profuse discharge. Pain and swelling of the whole penis. One application relieved all the acute symptoms and the discharge entirely stopped. 2. While patient's wife was abroad he contracted gonorrhoea. The discharge had stopped after six weeks' treatment by copaiba and injections of nitrate of silver. Two weeks after this, his wife having returned, there developed an acute urethritis fol- lowing first intercourse. The discharge was profuse; the whole mucous membrane of urethra was swollen, painful, and tender to the touch. After the first injection of the dermatol and plas- ment all acute symptoms subsided. The acccompanying tables give histories of sixty-four cases: 34 A NEW METHOD OF TREATING Treatment. Duration. Treatment. Duration. Weeks. Days. Weeks. Days. Weeks. Days. Weeks. Days. 2 6 3 6 5 Irreg., 5 2 3 3 3 beer. 1 7 1 5 4 5 2 4 5 Irreg. 5 3 1 5 5 5 5 u 5 1 7 Irreg. - 7 5 1 4 3 4 1 6 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 3 4 3 1 3 3 7 1 5 9 5 1 3 4 1 2 5 3 5 6 6 5 3 6 1 5 3 1 2 3 3 3 4 5 3 4 3 6 1 6 1 4 2 6 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 5 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 6 4 6 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 3 3 4 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 9 3 1 6 2 4 4 2 1 6 2 1 4 4 2 1 1 1 5 1 2 2 4 2 1 5 4 5 4 4 3 8 did not return. 2 3 2 3 under treatment. 5 Irreg. 5 2 3 2 3 5 Irreg. 5 2 Treatment. Duration. 1 week or less . . 12 1 2 weeks, more than 1. . . . 20 7 3 " u 2.... R 10 4 " u 3. . . . 4 10 5 " u 4. . . . 14 6 " ] 8 7 " ] 2 9 " 1 Total...... or 53 AGUE URETHRITIS. 35 Although the results of treatment do not make a brill- iant showing in these tables, yet I think you will all admit that it is far above the average results. I do not allege that urethritis is aborted by this treat- ment, but that, when regularly applied, it allays the inflam- matory symptoms and makes the patient much more com- fortable, shortening the course and preventing complica- tions. In all these cases there has developed only one case of epididymitis, and in that the patient had absented himself a week from treatment. Other complications-such as cystitis and balanitis- have been absent, unless present at beginning of treat- ment. Conclusions.-1. That in the treatment of acute urethri- tis soothing applications rather than irritants should be used. 2. That the passage of the soft-rubber catheter recom- mended does not, as a rule, irritate the urethra; that if it does it should not be used. 3. That plasment is an excellent vehicle for urethral medicaments. 4. That dermatol in plasment is the most efficacious drug I have used in urethritis, although I have used no other drug with plasment. 5. That treatment by the above-described method has produced a milder course and fewer complications than that with other remedies that I have used. Note.-Since the foregoing was written, six of the patients reported as cured have returned with a discharge. In all these cases there was a history of previous attacks, and examination showed evidences of chronic urethritis. 209 West Fifty-fifth Street.