Scientific Temperance Instruction 
In Schools and Colleges. 
From November, 1886, to November, 1887. 
Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, Superintendent. SCIENTIFIC TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION IN 
SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. 
From November, 1886, to November, 1887. 
Mrs. Mary H. Hunt, Superintendent. 
Mrs. L. S. Tobey (deceased), Dep’t Sec. 
The cause of Temperance will ever be a fluctuating"reform until it is 
based on the education of the people as to the proven facts and deduc- 
tions of science, namely: That the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks 
and other narcotics are poisonous to the human system, and as such should 
be abolished from personal habits and lawful traffic. 
Therefore, early education through the schools of every child in the Re- 
public as to the real nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and other nar- 
cotics is the object of this Department, which was created in 1880, with 
its aims then only untried ideas. 
SEVEN YEARS AND THIRTY-THREE STATES AND TERRITORIES. 
Seven years of prayer and labor have rolled away, and we report to you 
at their close that, through the action of State and National legislatures, Sci- 
entific Temperance Education is now legally required for the pupils in the 
public schools in twenty-three of our States, and in all our Territories, includ- 
ing the District of Columbia, making in all thirty-three States and Territo- 
ries under this legislation. 
SIX AND ONE HALE MILLIONS OF CHILDREN UNDER TEMPERANCE EDUCA- 
TION LAWS. 
The united population of these States and Territories, as reported by the 
last census was 27,427,428. That is more than one half the population of 
the whole country—50,000,000, as reported by that census. Our entire pop- 
ulation is now estimated to be at least 04,000,000. That would put the pres- 
ent population of our temperance education States and Territories at over 
34,000,000. 
On the accepted estimate that the ordinary school population of a commu- 
nity is one fifth of the whole people, we have to-day over six undone half 
millions of children in this country for whom the law has provided a tem- 
perance education. “ What hath the Lord wrought! ” 
The following list shows the names of these States and Territories, and 
the date of enactment and amendment of same in each case. 
The star (*) indicates that a penalty is attached to the enforcing clause of 
this statute in the State or Territory to which it is affixed. 
Those marked with a dagger (t) require the study of all pupils in all 
schools. _ - _ 
103 104 
Temperance Instruction. 
Those marked with the double dagger (J) require the study of all pupils 
in all schools pursued with text-books in the hands of the pupils. 
Those marked with a parallel (||) that it shall be taught in the same man- 
ner and as thoroughly as other required branches. 
The section mark indicates that text-books on this topic used in Pri- 
mary and Intermediate schools in those States must give one fourth of their 
space to temperance ; and not less than twenty pages to this same subject 
in the High school physiologies. 
Thus at a glance the reader can see the present situation of this legisla- 
tion in our land. 
23 States. 
Nov., 1882, Vermont, amended 1886, 
adding t || § * 
1883, Michigan, amended 1886, 
adding X II § 
1883, New Hampshire. 
1884, New York t 
1884, Rhode Island. 
1885, Alabama. 
1885, Maine t 
1885, Oregon. 
1885, Nebraska t 
1885, Wisconsin t 
1885, Nevada. 
1885, Kansas t 
1885, Pennsylvania t || * 
1885, Massachusetts 11| 
1885, Missouri. 
, 1886, Iowa t || * 
1886, Maryland t || 
1886, Connecticut. 
1887, California t * 
1887, Delaware t 
1887, Minnesota t 
1887, West Virginia j || * 
1887, Colorado * || X 
10 Territories. 
By act of Congress, 1886. 
Idaho * J || 
Washington * t || 
Arizona * X II 
Montana * t || 
Wyoming * X II 
Dakota * X II 
New Mexico * t || 
District of Columbia * X II 
Utah * X II 
Alaska * X II 
ESSENTIAL POINTS TO A GOOD LAW. 
Only a law that will be enforced insures a temperance education to the 
children. Experience teaches that each feature indicated by our symbols 
is essential to that end, viz.: This study must be pursued with text-books 
in the hands of all pupils able to read in all schools, and as thoroughly and 
in the same manner as other required branches. With text-books that 
give one fourth of their space to temperance matter for Primary or Inter- 
mediate schools, and twenty pages at least for High schools, or we lose the 
real object of all this legislation. National W. C. T. U. 
105 
Without penalty for disobedience this, like any law without penalty, is 
only advice. 
What yet remains to be done to perfect and insure the real fruits of our 
many victories can be seen by studying the symbols attached to each State. 
NEEDED AMENDMENTS. 
To secure the best enforcement, the law in many of the States needs 
amending, to be made more stringent by adding the features indicated by 
all our symbols. This work of strengthening weak laws was grandly begun 
in Vermont last autumn. If Michigan had only added a more specific 
penalty her statute, amended this year, would have been complete. 
STATE SELECTIONS OF TEMPERANCE TEXT-BOOKS DANGEROUS. 
We are often asked, “ Is it desirable to have the selection or recommenda- 
tion of these text-books made for the State by a committee appointed by 
the legislature ? ” We reply, Not unless your committee is very wisely 
chosen. A wrong selection in such a case is for the whole State instead of 
for only one locality, as when a local board chooses the wrong books. If 
such a committee is to be thus appointed, let them by all means be high- 
minded, total abstinence, business men. They are less liable than educa- 
tors to be influenced by entangling relations with publishers, and more apt 
to choose with reference to complying with the spirit of the law. 
ENFORCEMENT. 
The general public are coming to take a more active interest in the en- 
forcement of this legislation. The progress in this respect this autumn is 
marked. 
The tendency is toward a more honest enforcement of the spirit as well 
as the letter. There is much ground that is legally ours to be occupied if 
we only move on to take it. 
I doubt if our local Unions are yet half awake to their duty and respon- 
sibility in securing in their own localities the full enforcement of the tem- 
perance education laws. 
TEACHERS. 
There has been a marked growth of sentiment in favor of this study on 
the part of teachers during the past year that is very encouraging. They 
are coming to realize that this is a regular part of pedagogical work, and 
therefore entitled to a place in Teachers’ Institutes, and the discussion of 
“ how to teach.” 
There is a great call for trained instructors on this topic to teach the’ 
teachers. That call must be met another year. A hearing on this subject 
before a great meeting at Chicago, in connection with the National Teach- 
ers’ Association, was given the National Superintendent of this Depart- 
ment in July of this year. 
Through the generosity of friends, the National Superintendent has been 
made a life director of the National Teachers’ Association. 
UNPOSSESSED LAND NORTH OF THE POTOMAC. 
The question whether we may teach is largely settled. The passage of 106 
Temperance Instruction. 
the New York law four years ago sent a thrill through the country that has 
echoed in the legislative chambers of every State in this Republic, and in 
the halls of our National Congress. 
Only four States north of the Potomac, persistently refusing the appeal, 
are yet without temperance education laws. These are Indiana, Illinois, 
Ohio, and New Jersey. In some respects difficult States, but sure to follow 
this overwhelming example. 
THE LATE MRS. L. S. TOBEY, SECRETARY. 
For the past four years there has stood by the side of the National Super- 
intendent in her home a sister, and Secretary of this Department, so true 
in her devotion to this effort to save the children of this country from 
drink that its interests were her interests. 
Early and late at her desk, from her pen went out letters and documents 
to all parts of this and other lands until she thus really wrote her very life 
into her work for temperance education. 
No counting of letters written or documents sent out under her hand could 
give any thing like a true report of what she was able to accomplish. Ev- 
ery letter and circular went freighted with prayer from a soul that, living 
in the preseuce of God’s smile, longed for the coming of his kingdom on 
the earth. 
To her foreign correspoudence we are largely indebted for the extension 
of the work of this Department in other lands. 
The exactions of the work of the National Superintendent in Washing- 
ton the winter and spring of 1886, incident to the passage of the National 
Temperance Educational Bill, left her, Mrs. Tobey, with less than the usual 
help The long days at her desk, often in winter begun long before light, 
weakened the thread of life never very strong. She began to fail, and 
went home to heaven last July. 
Over the grave of one of the Wesleys, in Westminster Abbey, is the in- 
scription, “ God’s workers die, but his work goes on.” 
From over the battlements of heaven she seems to us to be watching the 
progress of this effort to save every child in the Republic from the horrors 
of strong drink. 
REPORT OP TEXT-BOOK COMMITTEE. 
That we may teach is settled. What shall we teach ? is far from being a 
settled question. 
The public mind, and that of our workers, when turned to Scientific 
temperance, for the past four years has been occupied with securing legis- 
lation permitting the teaching; therefore little careful thought has been 
given to the real question itself, viz.: What shall we teach ? Meantime, 
text-book publishers and their agents have attempted to answer it for us 
with books rushed into our open fields that do not contain the truths we 
asked legislatures to compel to be taught. 
Scientific Temperance Instruction is not getting a law, but it is the irn- 
partation of the scientific facts about the nature and effects of alcoholic 
drinks and other narcotics, which facts are the reasons for total abstinence. National W. C. T. U. 
107 
No matter how good the law, or how great our victory in securing it, if the 
facts against drink, tobacco, etc., are not in the books that follow the law 
into the schools, our object is defeated. 
THE OLD THEORY OK MODERATE DRINKING IN OUR SCHOOLS. 
Prior to the recent discoveries of modern science concerning its nature 
ami effects, “ the abuse and not the use of alcohol ” was the evil temper- 
ance advocates sought to reform. They denounced drunkenness hut said 
nothing against the drink itself. That there is danger per se lurking in 
the first or occasional glass, because of the nature of the drink, was not 
then understood, and men were urged to control, rather than warned 
against forming, the drink habit. 
From this standpoint, Oiany of the text-books now pushed into the 
schools have been written. 
1. They denounce drunkenness, its consequences, and the drunkard in 
vivid terms (“ the abuse ”) but do not describe alcohol as a poison. 
'1. They tell of discords in families, quarrels, murders, sickness, pauper- 
ism, insanity, and misery, as some of the results of the effects of alcohol 
on the nervous system, (“the abuse,”) but do not enlarge upon the un- 
changed and poisonous presence of alcohol in heer, wine, and cider,.and 
do not put strong and emphatic emphasis upon the warning against begin- 
ning the use of these liquors. 
3. They teach that the man who indulges freely in drink is likeTy to pay 
for it the next day with headaches, etc., (“ the abuse,”) but they do not 
emphasize the fact that, used as a beverage, alcohol always endangers the 
drinker in proportion to the amount taken. 
4. Some of them teach that the appetite for alcohol keeps growing, and 
a moderate drinker is in some danger of becoming a drunkard, (“the 
abuse,”) but they do not teach that in beginning to drink at all, lies the 
danger of forming the imperious appetite that leads to ruin, and that the 
moderate drinker is always in danger of becoming a drunkard. 
The student of modern research on this subject sees in the omissions and 
qualified statements of such a hook, the trace, at every point, of the old 
fallacies that have been the cause of a large share of the drunkenness that 
blights modern society. This is really the theory of moderate drinking. 
THE NEW THEORY—MODERN SCIENCE TEACHES TOTAL ABSTINENCE—TIIK 
SCHOOLS SHOULD TEACH IT. 
If this new education is to give to the world a coming generation of in- 
telligent total abstainers, as we expect, its manuals of instruction must 
conform to the following specifications: 
1. They must teach with no uncertain sound the proven findings of 
science, viz.: 
(a) That alcohol is a dangerous and seductive poison. 
That beer, wine, and cider contain this same alcohol, thus making 
them dangerous drinks, to be avoided, and that they are the product 
of a fermentation that changes a food to a poison. 108 
Temperance Instruction. 
(c) That it is the nature of any liquor containing alcohol to create an 
appetite for more, which is so apt to become uncontrollable that the strong- 
est warning against taking that little and thus forming the appetite should 
be urged. 
2. They must teach, also, the effects of these upon the human system— 
that is, upon the whole being, mental, moral, and physical. 
3. This instruction must be as well graded to the capacities of each class 
as the modern school readers are. A book fit for high school put into pri- 
mary or intermediate classes will make the study a failure there. 
4. This is not a physiological but a temperance movement. In all grades 
below the high school this instruction should contain only physiology 
enough to make the hygiene of temperance and other laws of health intel- 
ligible. 
5. This effort to disabuse the minds of the coming generation of the fal- 
lacies which lead to drink habits should purposely avoid reference to the 
medical use of alcohol. 
Lacking in any of these points, a text-book on scientific temperance is 
incomplete, and the use in schools of such a book will not result in a 
strong temperance sentiment among pupils using it. 
THE TEXT-BOOK CONFLICT. 
The temperance text-book war is virtually the question: Which of these 
shall be taught the children of our land f The old theory of moderate drink- 
ing, or the new total abstinence theory of modern science. 
The settlement of this largely settles the temperance question of the 
near to-morrow and the vast interest involved. 
Text-book publishers, with one or two exceptions, have put their money 
into books that, with an excess of physiology, teach a smattering of the old 
theory. AVe demand that the new, the total abstinence, the true theory, 
shall be taught, as it is in the Pathfinder books, and urge all publishers to 
make their books as good. 
But they do not feel quite sure of a market for such “ radical ” books. 
They are only as radical as the truth. It costs money to revise text-books, 
and for the time being, they think it will cost less to try to overcome with 
the public the W. C. T. U. objections to their unworthy books by malign- 
ing the motives of the AV. C. T. U. and their National Superintendent. 
And so these publishers, who are indebted to us for the market for every 
temperance text-book they have ever sold, repay us with what has been to 
the National Superintendent, and to others in our ranks this year, a cyclone 
of slander. One longs fora mirror to hold before them, in which these pub- 
lishers and agents and their allies shall “ see themselves as others see them.” 
The late Pennsylvania convention passed the following resolution. AVe 
would commend similar action to all States: 
Resolved, That our State Superintendent of Scientific Instruction be directed 
to request the various boards of education of Pennsylvania, who are about 
to select temperance text-books for the schools of this State, to reject as un- 
worthy books which need to be recommended by the help ot the false National W. C. T. U. 
4 
109 
charge that the AV. C. T. U. and the National Superintendent of Scientific 
Instruction have interested motives in not indorsing such books. 
REVISION OF BOOKS. 
The firm of Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co., of Cincinnati, was importuned 
by the National Superintendent six years ago to publish a series of three 
books for school use on scientific temperance. 
Their author, I)r. Brown, a few weeks before the laws of our first three 
States (Vermont, Michigan, and New Hampshire) were to go into force, 
sent the discouraging information that he “had decided not to write these 
promised books,” that were to have been ready for these schools in the 
near coming September. It was a cruel disappointment. After the enact- 
ment of the New York law, this firm issued the high school book, “Ec- 
lectic Physiology.” Hearing that they were revising this book the Nation- 
al Superintendent wrote, asking them to bring that revision to AV. C. T. U. 
standards, offering to read the proof before it was electrotyped, and suggest 
changes necessary, (if such should be needed,) to secure our indorsement. 
This proof was promptly corrected t>y us, all brief changes being written 
out in full n the proof nd suggestions of others, more extended, to be 
made by the author, were sent him through the publishers. These 
changes were so imperfectly made we could not accept them. 
Various unsuccessful attempts on their part greatly delayed the work, 
until we ourselves wrote out all this matter in full which was accepted, and 
we offered the firm an indorsement of the work for high schools and ad- 
vanced classes in common schools. But they demurred, insisting that we 
should indorse it “ for schools.” 
If we did, they could use such a general indorsement as a recommenda- 
tion from us to push this high school book into schools of any grade. Sci- 
entific temperance can not be successfully taught in intermediate grades 
from a high school physiology any more than mathematics can be with a 
high school algebra. AV. C. T. U. State Superintendents of experience in 
watching the enforcement of these laws, agree with these conclusions. 
At much trouble and expense, especially to the National Superintendent, 
we revised for the same firm a book for primaries. They have not yet in- 
formed us whether they will accept that revision. AAre still hope they 
may. The more than annoyance incident to doing this work of revision 
for this firm has been simply unreportable, and the result another disap- 
pointment. 
AVe hoped to have as the fruit of this labor, another set of books we 
could indorse. The high school book is very good for that grade, and as 
such we indorsed it last April. T e publishers may use this indorsement 
if they will. 
AVe have many times urged this firm (ATan Antwerp, Bragg & Co.) to 
issue an Intermediate book, and thus they would have a series that would 
settle the differences, provided they make the intermediate and primary 
works right. 110 
Temperance Instruction. 
OTHER PUBLISHERS. 
The National Superintendent lias the past year, through a persona con- 
ference with one of the authors, made application to the Appletons for im- 
proved temperance text-books. Hav heard nothing from it. * 
Have also importuned Iverson, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., and the J. B. 
Lippincott Publishing Company by letters; 'and other houses by confer- 
ence with authors, and by letters. Lee & Shepard byipersonal conference 
of both the National Superintendent and Secretary of the Advisory Com- 
mittee. The Rhode Island W. C. T. U. join us in this. 
In addition to this we have sent them all, through their syndicate, the 
urgent request to revise and the assurance that the indorse ent and hearty 
sympathy of the Scientific Temperance Department would be theirs if 
their books represented our standards. The result has been just the same, 
as it will ever be. These men turn from our wishes to the market. When 
it will pay better, they will revise, and not until then. 
The insertion into the Pennsylvania and Massachusetts law of the clause 
that requires temperance teaching in each division of the subject of the 
book, brought to the National Superintendent a fierce attack of the old 
charge, “book job,” but the principal firms after that revised that feature 
of their books, and put the temperance matter all the way through instead 
of at the end of the book. Otherwise they were outlawed in those States. 
“The r vision of the laws of Vermont and Michigan requiring one 
fourth of the space in primary and intermediate books given to temperance 
matter, is the heaviest blow you have struck for revision They find their 
books outlawed,” said a prominent school man familiar with the school 
book business. “ If you do that in a few more States, the publishers will 
put in enough temperance, and if you see that it is of the right kind, the 
trouble will end.” 
A VICARIOUS WORK. 
Every step of progress in this vast work has been make at tremendous 
cost. We have never asked for and secured a law without having the false 
charge, “ book job,” hurled at us by the liquor fraternity. The better the 
law, the fiercer the accusation. 
We have never asked for a literature that contains the truth to be put 
into the hands of the pupils without being charged afresh with selfish 
interests. ' 
When we have refused to indorse and criticised the dangerous teach- 
ings and the absence of the essential truths in so-called scientific temper- 
ance text-books, we have heard again from book agents and their allies; 
the “book job charge,” accented with a venom born of the enmity of the 
bottomless pit. 
Better ask for no law than not to plead for a strong one that would not 
be enforced. 
Not to stand by the only books that contain the essential truths and to 
indorse those that do not contain them, would be to lose the things we are National ir. C. T. TT. 
111 
after, viz.: The embedding of those truths into the intelligence of our six 
and one half million children. 
Therefore, the National Superintendent (upon whom the heaviest of this 
has fallen), like Luther, could only.stand. 
Her closing reply to the libelous attack of the Minnesota Temperance 
Text-hook Commission tells its own story. 
Childhood, to-day saved from the saloon, and the nation thus saved to- 
morrow, is the stake played for in this desperate game. 
All that is hoiliest in mother-love, all that is purest in the patriotism that 
would save the country from the saloon, for God and humanity, enters into 
our opposition, or our support, of those books. 
Teaching that is as radical as the whole truth about alcoholic drinks 
and other narcotics, must he put into our schools if our children, and the 
land, soon to he governed by them, are saved from the horrors of intem- 
perance. No misrepresention or maligning of my motives will ring from 
me an indorsement for any thing less, or deter me, and my co-workers, from 
doing my utmost to secure this teaching for the childhood of America. 
We know no defeat. If, sometimes, we must wait with God, we are thus 
with him, only hiding our time for the ultimate victory that is sure. For 
Ilis “kingdom will come.” 
THE GREAT PETITION. 
It occurred to the National Superintendent that a concensus of opinion 
as to what should he taught, in the form of a petition to the publishers, 
would he wise. Such a petition, if signed hv the great names in various 
parts of the country of the men and women who have supported this 
movement by jadition, by work, and bv votes for it in our State and 
national legislatures, would give the publishers a glimpse of public opin- 
ion, demanding the full truth taught the children, which is the largest and 
most permanent market. 
The subjoined petition, with only a part of the many noble names added 
here (for lack of room) has just gone to all publishers of unworthy hooks. 
Makv H. Hunt, 
Alice M. Guernsey. 
a petition to puhlishieks of temperance text-books. 
1. Thirty-two States and Territories now require scientific temperance 
instruction in the public schools, and the question whether the children 
shall receive such instruction is seen to depend largely upon the character 
of text-hooks employed. 
1. It was the intention of those who secured these laws that the children 
should have the latest science concerning the dangerous and hurtful quali- 
ties of alcohol used in any degree, and the peril of forming the habit of its 
use. 
The law requires this. Nothing less than this will ever satisfy its 
friends. 
3. Those text-books that are largely physiology, with a minimum of 112 
Temperance Instruction. 
temperance matter that only points out the evil of drunkenness and the 
danger of excessive use of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, do not meet the 
requirements of the law, and do not satisfy those who secured its enact- 
ment and who are determined to secure its enforcement. 
4. Therefore, the undersigned legislators who voted for these laws in va- 
rious States and in the National Congress, the representatives of temper- 
ance organizations, and who are familiar with the sentiment, and are en- 
titled to speak for the very numerous membership of different churches 
and other bodies, extending widely throughout the land, and citizens who 
speak for ourselves, do make respectful and earnest appeal to all publishers 
of text-books on this subject to revise their publications to conform to the 
latest results of scientific inquiry, and to meet the terms and spirit of these 
statutes in making the temperance matter the chief and not the subordi- 
nate topic in these books, so that public and authorized expressions of ap- 
proval and indorsement of all such hooks can be issued and given wide 
circulation. 
5. In urging this appeal we beg leave „o represent that if this new edu- 
cation is to give to the world a coming generation of intelligent total ab- 
stainers, as we expect, its manuals of instruction must conform to the fol- 
lowing specifications: 
1. —They must teach with no uncertain sound the proven findings of 
science, viz.: 
a. —That alcohol is a dangerous and seductive poison. 
b. That beer, wine, and cider contain this same alcohol, thus making 
them dangerous drinks, to be avoided, and that they are the product of a 
mentation that changes a food to a poison. 
c. —That it is the nature of a little of any liquor containing alcohol to 
create an appetite for more, which is so apt to become uncontrollable that 
the strongest warning should he urged against taking that little and thus 
forming the appetite. 
2. —They must teach also the effect of these upon “the human sys- 
tem,”—that is, upon the whole being, mental, moral, and physical. The 
appalling effects of drinking habits upon the citizenship of the nation, the 
degradation and crime resulting, demand that instruction here should give 
clear and emphatic utterance to the solemn warnings of science on this 
subject. 
3. —This instruction must be as well graded to the capacities of each 
class of pupils as the modern school readers are. A book fit for high 
schools put into primary or intermediate classes will make the study a 
failure there. Truth is just as true and as scientific when told in easy 
words as when put into stilted technicalities the child can not understand. 
4. —This is not a physiological hut a temperance movement. In all 
grades below the high school this instruction should contain only physiol- 
ogy enough to make the hygiene of temperance and other laws of health 
intelligible. Temperance should be the chief and not the subordinate 
topic, and should occupy at least one fourth the space in text-books for National W. C. T. U. 
113 
these grades. As only a small portion of the pupils in our public schools 
attend high schools, and vast numbers leave with the primary, this in- 
struction should be early and ample. It is not desirable to have a separ- 
ate book for the physiology heretofore studied in the high school or to 
limit the amount, but at least twenty pages out of that ordinarily required 
should be given to the question of the danger of alcoholic drinks and 
other narcotics, in a text-book for these classes. 
5.—This effort to disabuse the minds of the rising generation of the 
fallacies which lead to drink habits should purposely avoid reference to 
the medical use of alcohol, except to state that as by common consent its 
lay prescription is condemned, the question of its use as a remedy may 
properly be relegated to medical treatises, as out of place and misleading 
in a school text-book. 
Lacking in any of these points, a text-book on scientific temperance is 
incomplete, and the use in the schools of such a book will not result in a 
strong temperance sentiment among the pupils using it. 
Because the question of total abstinence for the children of this country, 
and therefore of their well-being and that of the land soon to be governed 
by them, depends so largely upon the teachings in these books, we make 
this appeal. 
Henry W. Blair, United States Senator from New Hampshire. 
David Dorchester, D.D. 
Wm. Claflin, Ex-Governor of Massachusetts. 
John W. Olmstead, D.D., editor of the Watchman. 
Roland Washington, editor Boston Traveller. 
John Boyle O’Reili,, editor of the Pilot. 
Albert H. Plumb, D.D. President Massachusetts Amendment Society. 
Mary H. Hunt, National Superintendent of the Scientific Department of 
the W. C. T. U. 
Hugh Montgomery, President Temperance Society of the M. E. Church, 
of New England. 
Jab. A. Beaver, Governor of Pennsylvania. 
Geo. W. E. Dorsey, member of Congress from Nebraska. 
Frances E. Willard, President National Woman’s Christian Temperance 
Union. 
Henry J. Wells, member Massachusetts Senate. 
Jos. Cook, of Boston Monday Lectureship. 
Geo. F. Hoar, United States Senator from Massachusetts. 
Gilbert Gates Moseley, editor Christian Herald, Hartford, Conn. 
Chas. S. Baker, member of Congress, Rochester, N. Y. 
Geo. W. Geddes, ex-member of Congress from Ohio. 
E. W. Morrill, member of Congress, Kansas. 
Rev. Henry M. Grant, Secretary of Temperance Committee of Congre- 
gational Churches of Massachusetts. 
S. M. Mirrill, D.D., Bishop of M. E. Church, Chicago. 114 
Temperance Instruction. 
Benj. St. James Fry, D.D., editor Central Christian Advocate, St. Louis, Mo. 
Henry M. Dexter, editor Congregationalist, Boston, Mass. 
Israel P. Warren, D.D., editor Christian Minor, Portland, Me. 
W. P. Hepburn, member of 47th, 48th and 49th Congresses, Iowa. 
W>i. P. Frye, United States Senator from Maine. 
Thos. Bowman, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of M. E. Church, St. Louis, Mo. 
C. D. Hills, D.D. 
E. H. Conger, member of Congress from Iowa. 
Janette H. Knox, President New Hampshire State W. C. T. U. 
Herrick Johnson, D.D. 
F. M. N. Steyens, President Maine W. C. T. U. 
Henry W. Palmer, Attorney-General of Pennsylvania. 
J. R. Loomis, LL.D., ex-President of University, Lewishurg, Penn. 
John F. Hurst, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of M. E. Church, Buffalo, N. Y. 
W. D. Owen, member of Congress from Indiana. 
Mrs. Jos. D. Weeks, State Supt. of Scientific Instruction of Pennsylvania 
W. C. T. U. 
Samuel W. Abbott, M.D., Secretary Massachusetts Board of Health. 
Hor\.tio Q. Butterfield, D.D., President of Olivet College, Michigan. 
Henry J. Bowditcii, M.D., Boston, Mass. 
Emeline S. Burlingame, President of Rhode Island State W. C. T. U. 
S. R. Peters, member of Congress from Kansas. 
Fred. D. Ely, member of Congress from Massachusetts. 
Jas. W. Strong, D.D., President Carleton College, Michigan. 
Martin A. Haynes, member of 48th and 49th Congresses, from New Hamp- 
shire. 
Eugene H. Clapp, M. W. P. Sons of Temperance. 
Mary W. Thomas, President Maryland W. C. T. U. 
W. W. Brown, member of Congress from Pennsylvania. 
Sarah D. LaFetra, President W. C. T. U., Washington, D. C. 
Ellen M. Watson, Corresponding Secretary of Pennsylvania W. C. T. U. 
Mary Allen "West, editor of Union Signal, and State Superintendent of 
Scientific Instruction of Illinois. 
Charlotte S. Winchell, State Superintendent of Scientific Instruction of 
W. C. T. U. of Minnesota. 
Sallie F. Chapin, President of South Carolina State W. C. T. U. 
H. A. Hobart, President of Minnesota W. C. T. U. 
Benj. R. Jewell, Secretary Massachusetts Total Abstinence Society. 
Louisa 0. Brock, President Missouri W. C. T. U. 
Margaret S. Hilles, President Delaware W. C. T. U. 
Jennie F. Holmes, President Nebraska W. C. T. U. 
*Wm. W. Grout, member of Congress from Vermont. 
Mary E. Ervin, President of Mississippi W. C. T. U. 
Mrs. George W. Bain, President of Kentucky W. C. T. U. 
Clara Hoffman, President of Missouri W. C. T. U. 
D. B. Henderson, member of 48th, 49th, and 50th Congresses. National W. d T. U. 
115 
Caroline E. Merrick, President Louisiana W. C. T. U. 
John I). Long, ex-Governor of Massachusetts, member of 49th and 50th 
Congresses of the United States. 
Edward E. Hale, I).I)., LL.D. 
James De Normandie, D.D., editor of Christian Register. 
A. A. Miner, D.P., Chairman of Massachusetts Board of Education. 
B. K. Peirce, D.P., editor of “ Zion's Herald.” 
Wm. II. Thayer, author of “ Life of Garfield.” 
W. E. Barrett, editor of Boston Advertiser, Mass. 
Samuel J. Elder, member Massachusetts legislature. 
Alex. H. Kice, ex-Governor of Massachusetts. 
T. A. Noble, M.D., editor the Advance, Chicago, 111. 
S. G.Webber, D.D., Superintendent Adam’s Nervine Asylum, Boston, Mass. 
John H. Vincent, P.D. LL.D., President Chautauque Assembly and Teach- 
ers’ Sunday-school Association. 
John J. Ingalls, President pro tern. United States Senate. 
Albert S. Willis, member of Congress from Kentucky. 
Clinton B. Fisk, President of Indian Association. 
J. M. Buckley, P.D., LL.D., editor Christian Advocate, New York city. 
Thos. Ryan, member of Congress from Kansas. 
O. II. Warren, D.D., editor Northern Christian Advocate, Syracuse. 
E. G. Robinson, D.D., LL.D., President Brown University. 
J. M. Walden, D.I)., Bishop M. E. Church, Chattanooga. 
Wm. F. Warren, D.D., LL.D., President of Boston University. 
Wm. E. Sheldon, President National Teachers’ Association, 1887. 
J as. O’Donnell, member of Congress from Michigan, who had charge of 
the National Temperance Education bill in Congress. 
Jas. L. Howard, Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. 
Simon Gilbert, editor Western Advance, Chicago. 
Jane A. Johnson, President West Virginia W. C. T. U. 
Edward G. Andrews, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of M. E. Church, Washington, 
D. C. 
John W. Akers, Superintendent Public Instruction, Iowa. 
Theo. L. Cuyler, D.D., President National Temperance Society, New York 
city. 
J. D. Kingsbury, Secretary of Temperance Committee of Congregational 
Churches of Massachusetts. 
Julius II. Seelye, D.D., LL.D., President Amherst College. 
Marion S. Tifft, State Superintendent of Scientific Instruction, New 
York. 
Mrs. W. II. Pleasants, President of Virginia W. C. T. U. 
T. W. Palmer, United States Senator from Michigan. 
Arthur Edwards, D.I)., editor Nor/lnvestem Advocate, Chicago. 
Jas. H. Fairchild, President Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. 
H. K. Carroll, LL.D., editor of Independent, New York city. 
John W. Pritchard, editor of Christian Nation, New York. 116 
Temperance Instruction. 
H. L. Dawes, United Senator from Kansas. 
J. W. Gallinger, M.D., member of the United States Congress from New 
Hampshire. 
Thos. M. Browne, member of Congress from Indiana. 
Albert Day, Superintendent of Washingtonian Home, Boston. 
J. H. Bayless, D.D., editor Western Christian Advocate, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Elizabeth S. Tobey, President W. C. T. U. of Massachusetts. 
Geo. F. Magown, Iowa. College, Grinnell, Iowa. 
Thos. Morgan, President Rhode Island State Normal School. 
Mrs. S. B. Forbes, President of the Connecticut State W. C. T. U. 
Mary C. Woody, President North Carolina W. C. T. U. 
Jas. Moore, Principal Friends’ School, New London, U. C. 
Frances L. Swift, President Pennsylvania W. C. T. U. 
Mrs. C. A. Danham, State Superintendent Scientific Instruction of Iowra. 
*J. Ellen Foster, President Iowa W. C. T. U. 
Otis F. Presbrky, editor Pilgrim Press, Washington, D. C. 
Mrs. W. C. Sibley, President Georgia W. C. T. U. 
Fanny H Rastall, President Kansas W. C. T. U. 
Ellen C. Bryce, President Alabama W. C. T. U. 
Lydia M. Chace, President of Arkansas W. C. T. U. 
*E. E. Higbee, Superintendent Public Instruction of Pennsylvania. 
Jenny B. Beauchamp, President of Texas W. C. T. U. 
Amy C. Kellogg, President Wisconsin W. C. T. U. 
Laura C. Howey, President Montana W. C. T. U. 
Elizabeth S. Dickey, President Utah W. C. T. U. 
Jas. Wheeler, member of United States Congress from Alabama. 
Byron F. Cutcheon, member of United States Congress from Michigan. 
Mary A. J. Hicks, President Wyoming W. C. T. U. 
Alice M. Guernsey, Secretary of Advisory Committee of Scientific De- 
partment of W. C. T. U. 
Amy Kellogg, President W. C. T. U. of Wisconsin. 
Lucy A. Suitzer, President W. C. T. U. of Washington Territory. 
Laura E. Houey, President of Montana W. C. T. U. 
NO SCHOOLS FOR FIVE TWELFTHS OF THE CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES. 
While more than one half the people in this country have provided 
temperance education for their children, a considerable number of the 
remaining have no schools with which to teach temperance or any thing 
else. There are, it is estimated, now 18,000,000 children and youth of 
school age in this country; statistics show that ten and a half millions only 
are enrolled in public or private schools, while seven and a half millions, five 
twelfths of the whole, are growing up in absolute ignorance of the alpha- 
bet. Some may be neglecting school opportunities, but for the largest 
proportion of these millions there are not only no schools, but no money 
provided for the support of schools. To these coming illiterates the Bible, 
with its lessons of virtue, will forever be a closed book, their allegiance National W. C. T. U. 
117 
with vice is inevitable, and our boasted freedom will soon be at the mercy 
of their ballots. The strength of a republic is dependent upon the virtue 
and intelligence of its people. Virtue and intelligence so intersphere that 
the former is dependent on the latter. 
FEDERAL AID FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
A bill has for several years been before Congress, which, if passed, 
would take from the surplus in our national treasury an adequate sum to 
disburse among the States, on the basis of illiteracy, to start schools in 
otherwise neglected portions of our country. If this bill could be passed, 
there would be schools for these neglected children. Clearly, the next 
great step to be secured in order to hasten the day when every child in the 
Republic shall be taught through the schools to abhor strong drink, is the 
enactment by Congress of what is known as the Blair bill. 
The annual W. C. T. U. conventions last year, State and national, passed 
resolutions in its favor. It is the duty of this Department to transmute 
resolutions into “the Acts of our Apostles.” Ten thousand petitions were 
sent out. The local Unions of the United States circulated them. The 
work was thus set in motion. Ten thousand persons, over their own sig- 
natures, and 150,000 by personal letters, asked the forty-ninth Congress 
to pass this law, including the membership of the great societies and 
Churches that joined us, over 2,000,000 petitioners from all parts of the land 
besieged Congress for this help for public schools. 
Why, then, did not the bill pass? you ask. 
It did pass the Senate, and in response to this home pressure the coolly 
critical attitude of the lower House changed to one of active interest. 
Why, then, did it not pass there? 
In answer to this question, a prominent congressman said: “In adopt- 
ing rules that control the business of this House, the forty-ninth Congress 
unwittingly walked into a close box, shut down its cover with a spring 
lock, and left the key with a few bosses outside, who will let us out or 
keep us in as they will. On the school bill they won’t let us out.” 
Three times more than two thirds of the House expressed by their votes 
their wish to consider this measure, and by every recourse possible under 
these arbitrary rules tried in vain to get it before them for action. The 
obstructionists said “the bill would pass if it should come to a vote.” 
This was virtually admitting that they (less than half a dozen men) had 
taken advantage of their official positions to thwart the will of two thirds 
of the representatives of sixty million people. 
Was not all that petition work lost, then ? 
No! A thousand times, No! Every time you, with petition and leaflets 
in hand, went from door to door explaining the measure and its needs, 
you were making popular sentiment for which the bill has long waited. 
It has many times before passed the Senate to die—nobody knew how or 
why—in silence in the House. And that portion of the public press that 
applauds victory and sneers at a defeat, has sneered until the people 
caught the infection, and, knowing no better, sneered too. 118 
Temperance Instruction. 
Our campaign last winter lifted this question to the plane that demands 
a better reason than a sneer from the objector. And it exposed to the 
eyes of the American people the real enemies of the bill and their meth- 
ods. 
After it had passed the Senate, two thirds of the House more than three 
times expressed a desire to vote to consider it, but the opponents, taking 
advantage of arbitrary rules of the House, ffllibustered away the time so 
that a vote could not he reached. Its worst enemies admitted it would 
pass by a two-thirds vote, if the House could only get it. Hence, the bit- 
ter opposition of this small minority. When it became evidently too late 
to reach it through any other committee, we sent the bill to the Commit- 
tee on Rules, a privileged committee of five, wdio can report at any time, 
and whose business has the right of way. The two Republicans on that 
committee, Mr. Hiscock, of New York, and Mr. Reed, of Maine, favored 
reporting the bill. Mr. Randall, of Pennsylvania, Mr. Morrison, of Illi- 
nois, and Mr. Carlisle, of Kentucky, opposed it. The vote of either of 
these last gentlemen would have made a majority in the committee and 
given a vote to the House, who, as we have already said, would have been 
sure to have passed it. 
If they would only have reported it adversely, we should have been 
glad, but they simply refused to do any thing. It was an instance of three 
men saying to the representatives of sixty millions of people, “You shal 
not have a chance to vote upon this question.” Messrs. Randall, Morrison, 
and Carlisle may have been sincere in their opposition to the bill, but for 
them to take advantage of their official positions to keep the question 
from the consideration of the House, would have been more becoming in 
the Czar of Russia than in members of the Congress of the United States, 
where the will of the majority is supposed to be the supreme and decid- 
ing power. 
What is the secret of this hitter opposition? I asked a leading Southern 
Democrat, a member of the House. “The habit of opposition. These 
leaders on our side for twenty years have been opposers, and have thus 
formed the habits of obstructionists.” But I can see more. It is a fearful 
battle, in which bitter opposition to the education of the black man, oppo- 
sition to free schools by the papal power, and the spirit of oligarchies 
that hates the uplifting of the masses, are the contestants with the best 
spirit of our age, which seeks to carry the elevating influences of educa- 
tion and its accompanying civilization and Christianizing power to all 
classes and races of men. v . 
In the interest of belated measures, the House has retained for many 
years a rule that “ during the last six days of Congress any member may, 
if recognized by the Speaker, move to suspend the rules and pass a bill.” 
This was the forlorn hope of many a measure in the late Congress. Speaker 
Carlisle insisted upon being informed in advance what bill any member pro- 
posed to thus call up. And if he did not approve the bill he did notrecog- 
nize the member, even if, as in the case of the education bill, two thirds National W. C. T. U. 
119 
of the House wanted to consider it. Thus, during the last six days, the 
legislation of this country was virtually in the hands of one man. Was 
not that centralization of power? 
Appropriation bills had been kept back until these days came. As they 
have always the right of way and preference to any thing else, like suc- 
cessive avalanches, they swept under every thing before them. “This is 
to prevent unwise legislation getting a chance,” explained the apologists. 
The judge of such unwisdom, by that course being not the will of the ma- 
jority, but the chairman of the Appropriation Committee. 
Whenever, during the last fateful days, there occurred by day or night 
an interval between appropriation bills and Conference Committee reports, 
from tifty to one hundred members sprang at once to their feet, rushed 
into the space before the Speaker’s desk with upturned faces and uplifted 
arms, waving bills in the air, beseechingly shouting, “Mr. Speaker! Mr. 
Speaker!” The fortunate man with a bill which the Speaker approved 
was recognized. Thus a few measures became laws, but not the Educa- 
tional bill. It is only biding its time. One of its worst enemies in the 
House said “ the tide had risen so high for it here that if the session had 
been a little longer it would have passed in spite of us. I suppose it will 
go into the next Congress, if you folks kefep at it.” 
He was right. The stifling process could not succeed in a long session, 
and we shall “keep at it.” This great nation, from its surplus wealth, 
should provide education for its otherwise neglected children. The 
patriotic, child-loving, God-fearing womanhood of America has espoused 
the cause, and they know no defeat. 
Our campaign for it In the last Congress, in arousing public sentiment, 
in clearing away the mists of mistaken ideas, and in removing prejudice, 
was victory at every step, essential to the culminating act of triumph in 
the fiftieth Congress. 
The National Superintendent gave the months of January and February 
to the conduct of this campaign in Washington, and in that connection 
would make special mention of the help of many ladies, who, visiting that 
city from different parts of our country, seized upon the opportunity to 
urge the members of Congress representing their sections to heartily sup- 
port this bill. 
MAINE. 
Mrs. W. Spaulding, Superintendent. 
An Act requiring Scientific Temperance Instruction in the Public Schools. 
The people of the State of Maine, represented in Senate and General Assembly, do 
enact as follows: 
Section 1. Provision shall be made by the proper local school authorities 
for instructing all pupils, in all schools supported by public money or un- 
der State control, in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the 
effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human sys- 
tem. 
Sec. 2. No certificate shall be granted to any person, to teach in the pub- 120 
Temperance Instruction. 
lie schools of the State of Maine, after the first day of January, eighteen 
hundred and eighty-five, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in 
physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effect of alcoholic 
drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. 
The Superintendent reports that something is being done in every coun- 
ty, but that the letter of the law is being obeyed in but few towns and 
cities. There is a growth of sentiment, however. W. C. T. U. books take 
the lead. The subject has been discussed at Teachers’ Institutes. 
A circular was sent to Supervisors and teachers, calling attention to the 
requirement of the law. If Maine should ask for the amendment of her 
law to include the specification described by all our symbols, she could 
better secure a more satisfactory enforcement. 
The W. C. T. U.’s of this State did efficient work for it last winter, 
the Blair bill was pending. 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Miss C. R. Wendell, Superintendent. 
An Act to amend Sections 4, 5, and 10 of Chapter 89 of the General Laws. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court con- 
vened : 
Section 1. That Section 4 of Chapter 89 of the General Laws be, and is, 
so amended as to read as follows: 
Teachers of common schools shall be examined in reading, spelling, writ- 
ing, English grammar, arithmetic, geography, and the elements of history, 
and in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effect of alco- 
holic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system; and in 
other branches usually taught in said schools. 
Sec. 3. That Section 10 of Chapter 89 of the General Laws be, and is, so 
amended. 
This law should be amended. 
Growing sentiment in favor of the law is reported. Progress has been 
made in the past year. School Boards and teachers are more generally in- 
terested, and many of the latter enthusiastic in teaching this study. The 
circular “ Our Reason Why” and “ Familiar Talks on Scientific Temperance 
Instruction” by Miss Willard, were sent out, and introduction of Pathfind- 
er Series, where possible, was urged. 
Many Unions have done good work in appointing committees to confer 
with school authorities, and in some cases the Pathfinder Series were sup- 
plied for their inspection. 
One thousand copies of “ Journal of Education ” special number were 
distributed to teachers in the State. 
Before town elections the Unions were requested to use their influence 
to have the right man elected to fill offices, and where allowed by law, 
urged to use the right of school suffrage as a sacred trust, in trying to se- 
cure on the school committee who would enforce the temperance education 
law. As a result, many women weie active in influence, and in twelve National W. C. T. U. 
121 
towns they voted for school boards. Out of sixty towms heard from, all 
but three report that Scientific Temperance is taught more or less in their 
schools, with text-books in higher grades and orally in the lower grades. All 
kinds of books are used. Many encouraging itemB in connection with the 
teaching of this branch have been received. 
In one town the Chairman of School Committee is a physician, who gives 
lectures before the High School on physiology and hygiene, with special 
reference to scientific methods, which are open to all and well attended. 
In another place pome of the teachers of the primary schools have taken 
turns in giving exercises with the children on what they have taught them 
in this study, at public meetings held on Sunday afternoons. The subject 
has been presented at several of the county institutes, and at one of them 
a teacher gave an exercise with a class. 
VERMONT. 
Miss Rowena A. Pollard, Superintendent. 
An Act to Provide for the Study of Scientific Temperance in the Public Schools of the State 
of Vermont. 
It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: 
Section 1. In addition to the branches in which instruction is now re- 
quired by law to be given in the public schools, instruction shall also be 
given as to the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and special instruc- 
tion as to their effects upon the human system in connection with the 
several divisions of the subject of Physiology and Hygiene. And such 
subjects shall be taught as thoroughly as arithmetic and geography are 
taught in said schools. Such instruction shall be given orally to pupils 
who are not able to read, and shall be given by the use of text-books in 
the care of pupils who are able to read. And such instruction shall be 
given as aforesaid to all pupils in all public schools in the State. 
Sec. 2. The text-books used for the instruction required to be given by 
the preceding section shall give at least one fourth of their space to the 
consideration of the nature and eflfeots of alcoholic drinks and narcotics; 
and the books used in the highest grade of graded schools shall contain at 
least twenty pages of matter relating to this subject. Text-bo >ks on Physi- 
ology in use in the schools at the time this act takes effect, which are not 
in accordance with the requirements of this section, shall be changed for 
books satisfying the requirements of this section, except wrhen previous 
contracts as to such text-books are now in force. 
Sec. 3. Each teacher of a public school in this State shall, before lodging 
the school register with the district clerk as provided by section (120 of the 
Revised certify therein whether instruction has been given (in the 
school or grade presided over by such teacher) as required by this act; 
and no public money shall be paid over to the treasurer of a union or other 
district unless the register of such district contains the certificate of the 
teacher that instruction has heen given a- required by this act. 
8ec 4. All acts or paits of acts heretofore enacted referring to the study 122 
Temperance Instruction. 
of Physiology and Hygiene, which shall give special prominence to the 
effects of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system, or to the selec- 
tion of text-books to be used in the pursuance of that study, are hereby 
repealed, except those relating to the examination of teachers in this branch. 
Sec. 5. This act shall take effect from its passage, but shall not apply to 
the division of the public school moneys made in 1887. 
Levi K. Fuller, President of the Senate. 
• Josiah Grout, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Approved, November 24, 1886. 
Ebenezer J. Ormsbee, Governor. 
An Act Relating to Text-books in Public Schools. 
It is hereby enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Vermont: 
Section 1. Text-books in the branches required by law to be taught in 
the public schools in relation to the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks 
and narcotics shall be furnished to the scholars in such schools at the ex- 
pense of the State, and shall be selected, procured, and distributed under 
the provisions of the following sections: 
Sec. 2. The selection of such text-books for use in the public schools of 
the State shall be made by a State Board, composed of three persons to be 
appointed by the governor. 
Sec. 3. This board shall hold a meeting before the first day of January, 
1887, at which meeting they shall select one book of a grade on that subject 
required by law, to be taught in such schools. At such meeting the jState 
Board shall also prescribe regulations, under which the books shall be fur- 
nished to scholars by the town superintendents, and regulations as to the 
return of books after use. The board shall cause the list of books selected, 
and the regulations adopted as to the distribution, and return of books to 
be printed, and a copy forwarded to each town superintendent. 
Sec. 4. The board shall immediately make, in the name of the State, 
written and sealed contracts with the publishers of the bdoks selected. In 
such contracts they shall stipulate the price at which the books shall be 
furnished, also that books shall be furnished at such times and in such 
numbers as may be required by the State during the next five years. Such 
contract, when executed, shall be filed with the Secretary of State. 
Sec. 5. Each town superintendent shall in the month of January, 1887, 
and in the month of January of each succeeding year, estimate the num- 
ber of text-books of each kind, selected by the State Board, which will be 
needed to supply the scholars in. the public schools in such town, during 
the ensuing year, and shall forward to the Secretary of State such estimate. 
Sec. 6. The Secretary of State, having received the estimates from the 
town superintendents, shall transmit orders for the same to the contract- 
ors therefor. The books ordered shall be forwarded to the Secretary of 
State, and by him at the expense of the State to the town superintendents. 
A record shall be kept in the office of said Secretary, of books ordered, re- 
ceived, and distributed under the provisions of this section. The said Sec- National W. C. T. U. 
123 
retary shall also certify to the Auditor of Accounts the amounts due to the 
contractors for books furnished, and the auditor shall draw his order 
therefor. 
8ec. 7. Hooks received by town superintendents, under the provisions of 
the preceding section,'shall he distributed by him in conformity with the 
regulations prescribed by the State Board, and may be reclaimed by him 
when the regulations so prescribe. Such books, though placed in the hands 
of the scholars, shall remain the property of the State, and the rights of the 
scholars therein shall be regarded as a right solely to the use thereof. 
Sec. 8. If for any reason, after the selection of a list of text-books and 
adjournment of the State Board, it becomts impossible to procure a text- 
book recommended, or to procure them in suflicient number, the chairman 
of the hoard shall notify a meeting of said board, and the board at such 
meeting shall select some other book in the place of that impossible to be 
procured, and shall make contracts with the publishers of such books in 
the same manner as heretofore prescribed. 
Sec. 9. The members of the board shall receive three dollars a day for 
not exceeding three days’ attendance upon the meeting of the board, and 
ten cents per mile for travel each way. But no member of the board shall 
receive any commission, percentage, or other consideration, either directly 
or indirectly upon books selected as required by this act. 
Sec. 10. This act shall take effect fiom its passage. 
Josiah Grout, Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Levi K. Fuller, President of the Senate. 
Approved, November 24, 1S86. 
Ebexbzer J. Ormsbee, Governor. 
In 1882 Vermont was the first State in the world to enact a law that said in 
effect “the children shall be taught temperance.” It was also the first State 
to revise an imperfect law on this subject, and make it as stringent as human 
law can be. This was done last autumn under the special care of the State 
President, Mrs. Perkins, and the National Superintendent at the capital, 
Montpelier. By them the incidents of that campaign can never be forgot- 
ten. Never did the “ book job” cry ring more fiercely in human ears from 
liquor men and agents of books w hich this statute outlaws. The bill passed 
finally in the niirht, a few hours before the legislature adjourned, alter the 
governor had vetoed it. The men who went home thinking they had killed 
it the night before woke in the morning to find it had become a law. Mrs. 
Perkins says of this: 
“After eight years of persistent elfort, we have now secured a law which 
demands and compels with penalties that ‘all pupils in all public schools 
of the State shall be taught the nature of alcoholic drinks and other nar- 
cotics. Children too young to read shall receive oral instruction, and those 
who can read shall use a text-book.’ The law also specifies that the text- 
books must devote one fourth their space to the effects of alcohol and other 
narcotics, and provides that no school district can receive its share of the 124 
Temperance Instruction. 
public money unless the school register shows that this law has been com- 
plied with. Besides this, the State is to provide free text-books to be used 
in the prosecution of this study, so that every provision seems to have been 
made to insure the full and complete enforcement of this much-desired 
law.” 
The State adopted the Pathfinder books for nearly all the schools. A 
few of Brands only were put in upper classes in grammar grades. 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Alice J. White, Superintendent. 
An Act requiring Physiology and Hygiene to be taught in the Public Schools. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court as- 
sembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: 
Section 1. Physiology and Hygiene, which, in both divisions of the sub- 
ject, shall include special instruction as to the effect of alcoholic drinks, 
stimulants, and narcotics on the human system, shall be taught as a regu- 
lar branch of study to all pupils in all schools supported wholly or in part 
by public money, except special schools maintained solely for instruction 
in particular branches, such as drawings, mechanics, arts, and like studies. 
All acts or parts of acts relating to the qualifications of teachers in the pub- 
lic schools shall apply to the branch of study prescribed in this act. 
Sec. 2. All penalties now fixed for neglect to provide instruction in the 
branches of study now prescribed by law, shall apply to the branch of 
study prescribed in section 1. 
Sec. 3. This act shall take effect on the first day of August, in the year 
eighteen hundred and eighty-five. 
Barnstable County reports the law enforced in every town, and most ex- 
cellent work is being done there. Interesting items in the way of a grow- 
ing sentiment on the subject are being reported. 
One little boy told his teacher that since she told him about beer he has 
not drunk any himself and his father and mother not nearly so much. 
One father was induced to give up tobacco by reading Child’s Health 
Primer. 
Between seventy and eighty of our Massachusetts teachers attended the 
Saratoga Summer School of Methods, and there had the privilege of attend- 
ing Prof. Edwin F. Kimball’s course on physiology and alcohol. His teach- 
ing was received with enthusiasm. 
The law of this State needs amending. To assure full enforcement, must 
have a penalty. 
CONNECTICUT. 
Mrs. C. A. Buell, Superintendent. 
“ Physiology and Hygiene, relating especially to the effects of alcoholic 
liquors, stimulants, and narcotics on the human system, shall be taught as 
branches of study in the public schools, and persons desiring to teach in 
such schools shall, after June 1, 1887, be found qualified to teach said 
branches of study before receiving the certificate required by law.” National W. C. T. U. 
125 
“Chapter 18 of the public acts of 1882 is hereby repealed.” 
“The State Board of Education shall prescribe the text-books to be used 
in teaching Physiology and Hygiene, as required by law, and shall prepare, 
or cause to be prepared, a text-book, and, if desirable, charts for such teach- 
ing; which text-books and charts shall be furnished to towns and school 
districts for the use of schools, and in the public schools needing the same.” 
The text-book which was furnished to the schools by the State proved 
very unsatisfactory, arid as this law may be interpreted to exclude other 
books, it leaves the subject in an unfortunate shape. 
KHODE ISLAND. 
Elizabeth H. Lawson, Superintendent. 
An Act lu relation to the giving of instruction in Physiology and Hygiene in the Public 
Schools. 
“The school committees of the several towns shall make provisions for 
the instruction of the pupils, in all schools supported wholly or in part by 
public money, in Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the 
effect of alcoholic liquors, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human sys- 
tem.” 
Passed April 24, 1884. 
The above law being the only law ever passed by the Rhode Island legis- 
lature to control our public schools it is a power in producing sentiment. 
Children are found to be more interested in and ready to join Loyal Le- 
gions and attend temperance schools. 
Committees have been slow’ to move in the direction of compulsion. But 
on recognizing more their responsibility, they are moving toward a full ex- 
ecution of the law. 
The School Commissioner’s report for 1886-7 says : “No statute requir- 
ing examination of teachers in this study, but a few towns have made laws 
to that effect. Text-books are not in the hands of pupils except in the 
State Normal School. The law is otherwise enforced by readings, essays, 
recitations, and orally. Text-books adopted in Providence County in 
eleven towns out of fifteen; in Newport County, in five out of seven; in 
Washington County, wholly—that is, seven towns; in Kent County, in 
three out of five; in Bristol County, in one only.” 
The Rhode Island W. C. T. U. will soon ask for a more stringent statute. 
NEW YORK. 
Mrs. Marion S. T fft, Superintendent. 
An Act relating to the Study of Pliystology and Hygiene in the Public Schools. 
77* people of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact 
as follows: 
Section 1. Provisions shall be made by the proper local school authori- 
ties for instructing all pupils in all schools supported by public money, or 
under State control, in Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to 
the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human 
system. 126 
Temperance Instruction. 
Sec. 2. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the public 
schools of the State of New York, after the first day of January, eighteen 
hundred and eighty-five, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in 
Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the effect of alcoholic 
drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. 
The law does not appear to be enforced in any city. In Albany scientific 
ten perance is taught in some schools every day; in others twice a week. 
Brooklyn reports scientific temperance not in schools except in the form of 
lectures in Grammar departments. Utica lias only a few schools comply- 
ing; Troy, but little done in this city ; Elmira, one lesson a week in pri- 
mary departments. 
The law is partially enforced in twentv-eigut counties. In every part of 
the State, as far as heard from, teachers have been examined in this study. 
This study has been discussed at teachers’ institutes and conventions in 
numerous instances, and introduced for the first time at last summer’s ses- 
sion of the National School of Methods, at Saratoga—a most encouraging 
sign in the progress. The subject was there ably presented by Prof. Edwin 
F. Kimball, of Boston. 
This statute should be amended to include more specific provisions that 
will insure better enforcement. 
The ladies of the W. C. T. U. of this State rendered most efficient help 
for the Blair Bill last winter. 
NEW JERSEY. 
Miss A. Leavett, Superintendent. No report received from this State this 
year. 
DELAWARE. 
Mrs. Kate K. Brown, Superintendent. 
An Act to Provide for the Study of Scientific Temperance in the Public Schools of Delaware. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Delaware 
in Genral Assembly met : 
Section 1. Provision shall be made immediately upon the passage of this 
act, by the School Commissioners and local School Boards, for instructing 
all pupils in all public schools, receiving aid from the school fund of this 
State, in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of 
alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system, such 
instructions to be given orally, in primary schools, where’pupils can not 
read. 
Sec. 2. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the public 
schools of the State of Delaware after the first day of January, eighteen 
hundred and eighty-eight, who has not passed a satisfactory examination 
in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic 
drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system. 
Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the State or County Superintendent to see 
that the provisions of section 1 are complied with. 
Sec. 4. All acts or parts of acts not in harmony with this act a>e hereby 
repealed. 
Passed at Dover, April 12, 1887. National W. C. T. U 
127 
Although only passed in April in this year, the law is very generally en- 
forced, because the way was prepared so thoroughly for it by members 
of the Unions. 
The subject was presented at the State Teachers’ Association by the 
f'tate Superintendent, in a paper on “ the relation of the teacher to the ex- 
ecution of the new Scientific Temperance Law.’’ 
The outlook seems very encouraging in this little State. 
Many letters were written for, and much interest shown in, the Blair Ed- 
ucational Bill. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
Mrs. Joseph D. Weeks, State Superintendent. Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania. 
An Act iielatiog to the Study of Phvniology and Hygleue in the Public Schools of the Com- 
monwealth, a d Educational Institutions Aid from the Commonwealth. 
li< It enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of 
Pennsylvania, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the au- 
thority of the same: 
Section 1. That physiology ami hygiene—which shall, in each division 
of the subject so pursued, include special reference to the effect of alcoholic 
drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system—shall be in- 
cluded in the branches of study now required by law to be taught in the 
common schools, and shall be introduced and studied as a regular branch 
by all pupils in all departments of the public schools of the Common- 
wealth, and in all educational institutions supported, wholly or in part, by 
money from the Commonwealth. 
Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of County, City, and Borough Superinten- 
dents, and boards of all educational institutions receiving aid from the 
Commonwealth, to report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction any 
failure or neglect on the part of Boards of School Directors, Boards of 
School Controllers, Boards of Education, and boards of all educational in- 
stitutions receiving aid from the Commonwealth ; to make proper provision 
in any and all of the schools or districts under their jurisdiction, for in- 
struction in physiology and hygiene, which, in each division of the sub- 
ject so puisued, gives special reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks, 
stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system, as required by this act; 
and such failures on the part of Directors, Controllers, Boards of Educa- 
tion, and boards of educational institutions receiving money from the 
Commonwealth, thuH reported or otherwise satisfactorily proved, shall be 
deemed sufficient cause for withholding the warrant for tState appropria- 
tion of school money, to which such district or educational institution 
would otherwise be entitled. 
Sec. 3. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the public 
schools of the Commonwealth, or in any of the educational institutions re- 
ceiving money from the Commonwealth, after the first Monday of June, 
Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, who has not 
passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special 128 
Temperance Instruction. 
reference to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon 
the human system. 
Sec. 4. All laws or parts of laws inconsistent with the provisions of this 
act are hereby repealed. 
No town, city, or county is reported as wholly neglecting the law, while 
the thoroughness of the enforcement should be improved. 
The subject has been presented at almost every county and many local 
institutes by speakers especially employed, followed by discussion by teach- 
ers. 
The great need of trained instructors is felt. County Superintendents of 
schools are asking for them. 
A great deal of literature was distributed last winter at institutes. 
In answer to the question, “ Has the emphasis in teaching this 
branch in said schools been chiefly on the physiology or on the effects 
of alcoholic drinks and narcotics on the human system?” comes the reply 
our County Superintendent, “Some places. Chiefly on the bones,” 
This State will, the coming year, select new books. It is hoped that the 
“bones” will not be the “especial” topic in the books next used by the 
children of Pennsylvania on this subject. 
No State last winter, as a whole, rendered more efficient aid to secure 
the passage of the bill for Federal aid for common schools than Pennsyl- 
vania. 
MARYLAND. 
Mrs. James Pollard, Superintendent. 
“ Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland: 
“That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, with special in- 
struction as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with 
the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be in- 
cluded in the branches of study taught in >he common schools, and shall 
be taught to and studied by all pupils whose capacity will permit of it, in 
all departments of the public schools of the State, and in all educational 
institutions supported wholly, or in part, by money from the State; and 
that the said study shall be taught to and studied by said pupils in said 
schools as thoroughly, and in the manner as other like branches are there 
taught and studied, with text-books in hands of pupils where other like 
branches are there taueht.” 
The law is being carried out in eighteen counties. 
A decrease of the use of cigarettes among the boys is noticed as one re- 
sult of this study in schools. 
WEST VIRGINIA. 
Mrs. I. H. Duval, Superintendent. 
SCIENTIFIC TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION—THE NEW LAW NOW IN FORCE IN WEST VIRGINIA. 
An Act to provide for the study of the Nature of Alcoholic Drinks and Narcotics, and of 
their Effects upon the lluinan System, in connection with the subject of Physiology and 
Hygiene, by the pupils in the Public Schools of the State of West Virginia. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia: 
Section 1. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and special National W. C. T. TJ. 
129 
instruction as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with 
the several divisions of the subject of Physiology and Hygiene, shall be in- 
cluded in the branches of study taught in the common or public schools, 
and shall he taught as thoroughly, and in the same manner, as other like 
required branches are in said schools, to all pupils in all said schools 
throughout the State. 
Sec. 2 It shall be the duty of the proper officers in control of any school 
described in the foregoing section, to enforce the provisions of this act; 
and any such officer, school director, committee, Superintendent, or teacher, 
who shall refuse, or neglect, or fail to make proper provisions for the in- 
struction required, and in the manner specified by the first section of this 
act, for all pupils in each and every school under his jurisdiction, shall be 
removed from office and the vacancy be filled as in other cases. 
Sec. 3. No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in the pub- 
lic schools of the ytate, after the first day of January, Anno Domini eighteen 
hundred and eighty-nine, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in 
Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the nature and effects of 
alcoholic drinks and narcotics upon the human system. 
Passed February 4; approved February 17, 1887. 
Note iiy the Clerk of the House of Delegates: The foregoing act 
takes effect at the expiration of ninety days after its passage. 
Not much can be reported as yet, on account of the newness of the law. 
The Pathfinder series has, unfortunately, not been introduced, the 
State having made a contract with the parties for the introduction of books 
less'worthy. Names of 1,500 teachers were presented on the petitions 
praying for the enactment of the law, and at all institutions convened since 
its passage resolutions have been passed promising earnest efforts for its 
enforcement. 
NORTH CAROLINA. 
Mrs. Lydia N. Blair, Superintendent. 
North Carolina still has no temperance education law, but the women of 
the Unions are earnestly working, by means of petition, influencing legis- 
lators and the press to bring about the desired result. More interest was 
shown than two years ago, when the petition for a statute was presented to 
the legislature. 
Steele’s Physiology is the authorized text-book, and Pathfinders, Nos. 1 
and 2, are used to a certain extent in a number of schools. 
The petitions sent out in the interest of the Blair bill were circulated 
with interest, though there is some mistaken opposition to this idea for 
Federal aid. ' 
SOUTH CAROLINA. 
Mrs. F. A. Walter, Superintendent. 
The Superintendent reports a steady growth in public sentiment toward 
temperance instruction in schools, many expressing an interest in that 
branch of temperance work which they do not in any other. 130 
Temperance Instruction. 
The W. 0. T. U. again petitioned for the passage of a statute for this ob- 
ject, Mrs. Chapin addressing the legislature. 
Steele’s Physiology is used in nearly all the high schools. The State Su- 
perintendent has recently sent out a circular letter, stating that hereafter 
teachers are to be examined in Physiology and Hygiene, two branches not 
included heretofore, and that supplementary reading in Physiology was to 
be introduced into the high grades, thus preparing the way for much tem- 
perance teaching when the lawr is once obtained. 
GEORGIA. 
Mrs. Missouri H. Stokes, Secretary. 
The W. C. T. U. have again made heroic efforts for securing a temperance 
education law. 
A memorial, accompanied by thousands of names, including members 
of College Faculties, and in some instances of school boards, was presented 
in person by several of the State officers. It was indorsed by the North 
Georgia Conference and various temperance associations, and? drawn up by 
a member of the Senate. 
This good, strong bill was, however, laid aside, and a substitute passed, 
permitting Physiology to be studied in the common schools. 
FLORIDA. 
Mrs. E. S. Thorpe, Superintendent. 
Yards of petition, accompanied by a strong and wisely-worded bill, were 
presented to the legislature. Quantities of literature was also sent for the 
information of the members. But notwithstanding the members of the W. 
C. T. U. put their very souls into the work, the bid was defeated, through 
the opposition of the State Superintendent of Instruction. Much en- 
lightenment will result from the circulation of petitions and discussions, 
which will lead to certain, and not far distant, success. • 
ALABAMA. 
Mrs. Mamie Jolly VanHook, Superintendent. 
A t Act relating to the Study of Hygiene and Physiology in th1? Public Schools in this State. 
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Alabama: That pro- 
vision shall be made by the Superintendent of Education for instructing all 
pupils, in all schools and colleges supported in whole or in part by public 
money, or under State control, in Hygiene and Physiology, with special ref- 
erence to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the 
human system. 
Sec. 2. Be it further enacted: That no certificate of first and second grade 
shall be granted any person to teach in the public schools of this State, 
after the 20th day of September, 1885, who has not passed a satisfactory ex- 
amination in Hygiene and Physiology, with special rtference to the effect 
of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system; 
and it shall be the duty of the State and County Superintendents of Educa- 
tion to see that this law is properly carried into effect. 
Approved February 10, 1885. National W. C. T. U. 
131 
The law is not enforced in more than one half the counties. Steele’s 
and Barnes’ series are generally used. Lady teachers are generally in 
hearty sympathy, but the gentlemen rarely so. 
Among encouraging incidents, we find that boys who were addicted to 
cigarette smoking now refuse to touch one. 
One little hoy refused to accept a glass of soda, until assured there was 
no alcohol in it. 
MISSISSIPPI. 
Mrs. H. B. Kells, Superintendent. 
The W. C. T. U. are to petition for a strong law the coming winter, and 
expect to obtain it. 
An amendment to the education laws was introduced into the last legis- 
lature, and passed the House by a large majority, but wras lost in the Senate. 
The State Superintendent of Education pledges his support to the tem- 
perance bill. Pathfinder series almost universally used in public and pri 
vate schools. 
The Blair educational bill is heartily indorsed by the Mississippi W. C. 
T. U., and the promise of all of their Congressmen, except one, to vote for 
it, has been obtained. 
LOUISIANA. 
Mrs. Mary Reed .Goodale, Superintendent. At the last National Con- 
vention of the Louisiana W. C. T. U., the following resolution was passed : 
“That we direct our main efforts during the present year toward secur- 
ing from our next legislature such a change in our educational laws as 
shall make compulsory in all departments of public schools the study of 
physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effect of alcoholic 
drinks and narcotics on the human system.” 
The State Board has adopted other books, but, notwithstanding, the Path- 
finder series are used in many public as well as private schools. 
Unions all over the State worked to aid the passage of the Blair Bill. 
TEXAS. 
Miss Elizabeth March, Superintendent. W. C. T. U. petitioned the leg- 
islature of this State for a law, but were unsuccessful. More petitions were 
sent in than for any other bill during the session of legislature, and many 
warm friends to the subject were made. The W. C. T. U. declares “the 
work shall never be given up until the law is secured.” 
ARKANSAS. 
Mrs. S. R. Hart, Superintendent. A work preparatory to securing a tem- 
perance education law commenced in this State two years before, and car- 
ried on with vigor, roused public sentiment in favor of the measure. The 
bill was lost in the legislature, but only for a time. Nothing is more hope- 
ful than the “we are not discouraged” with which our workers close the 
story of temporary disappointment. 132 
Temperance Instruction. 
TENNESSEE. 
Mrs. M. L. Wells, Superintendent. The adoption of a new State school 
law seems to be necessary in this State before the passage of the temper- 
ance education law can be effected. This will be - pressed immediately. 
The Normal Schools and two of the colleges have been presented with the 
entire set of the Pathfinder books, with the request that they should be 
used if satisfactory. Flattering replies have been received from nearly 
every one. Many other schools have adopted them also. The State Super- 
intendent of schools is in sympathy with our efforts. 
MISSOURI. 
Mrs. L. O. Brock, Superintendent. No copy of this law at hand. There 
has been a marked growth in the work of this Department in this State, 
both in the organization for work in county and local Unions, and in the 
increased number of .towns that are requiring this study in schools. 
Eighty-nine towns in all are reported as requiring this study. Among 
them is Kansas City, where it is pursued as a regular study. Teacher’s 
Institutes are voluntarily discussing the question of best methods of 
teaching it. Good work was done for the Blair Bill by the Missouri 
W. C. T. U. 
COLORADO. 
Mrs. E. M. Wiley, Superintendent. 
Section 1. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and special 
instructions as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with 
the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be in- 
cluded in the branches of study taught in the public schools of the State, 
and shall be studied and taught as thoroughly and in the same manner as 
other like required branches are in said schools, by the use of text-books 
designated by the board of directors of the respective school districts, in the 
hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied in said schools, and 
by all pupils in all said schools throughout the State. 
Sec. 2. That it shall be the duty of the proper officers in control of any 
school described in the foregoing section, to enforce the provisions of this 
act; and any such officer, school director, committee, superintendent, or 
teacher who shall refuse, fail, or neglect to comply with \he requirements 
of this act, or shall neglect, refuse, or fail to make proper provisions for the 
instruction required, and in the manner specified by the first section of this 
act, for all pupils in each and every school under his jurisdiction, shall be 
removed from office and the vacancy filled as in other cases. 
The Colorado W. C. T. U. at the last annual Convention voted to peti- 
tion the next General Assembly for a temperance education law. The 
prefixed statute has been enacted. Earnest, faithful work of local superin- 
tendents did much toward creating public sentiment favoring temperance 
education. Pathfinder series has been introduced into a large number of 
the public schools of this young State. National W. C. T. U. 
133 
CALIFORNIA. 
Mrs. Dorcas J. Spencer, Superintendent. 
. CHAPTKR CXXIII. 
An Act to amend sections one thousand six hundred and sixty-five and one thousand six hun- 
dred ami sixty-seven of the Political Code of California, relating to branches of studies to l>e 
taught in the public schools. [Approved March 15, 1H87.] 
The People of the State of California, represented, in Senate and Assembly, do enact 
as follows: 
Suction 1. Section one thouHand six hundred and sixty-five of the Polit- 
ical Code of the State of California is hereby amended to read as follows: 
1665. Instruction must be given in the following branches, in the sev- 
eral grades in which each may be required, viz.: Reading, w riting, orthog- 
raphy, arithmetic, geography, grammar, history of the United States, ele- 
ments of physiology and hygiene (with special instructions as to the nature 
of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system), 
vocal music, elements of book-keeping and industrial drawing, and practi- 
cal entomology. 
Sec. 2. Section one thousand six hundred and sixty-seven of the Political 
Code is hereby amended to read as follows: 
1667. Instruction must be given in all grades of schools and in all 
•classes during the entire school course, in manners and morals, (and upon 
the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, ami their effects upon the 
human system.) 
Sec. 3. This act shall take effect immediately. 
CALIFORNIA SCHOOL LAW. 
Section 1672. Any school district, town, or city, the officers of w hich 
knowingly allow any schools to be taught in violation of these provisions, 
forfeits all right to any State or county apportionment of school moneys; 
and upon satisfactory evidence of such violation, the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction and School Superintendent must withhold both State 
ami county apportionments. 
Not much can be said of the enforcement of the law, as it was passed 
last March, and the fall term of school has but just commenced. Having 
wisely secured the introduction of temperance physiologies in seven eighths 
of all the schools of the State, before the lawr was enacted, great advantage 
is found in being obliged to make no abrupt changes now. At the last 
stated examinations, all teachers were required to pass a severe test on 
these points. 
OREGON. 
Mrs. R. E. Hoxter, Superintendent. 
The following is a section of the school law relating to temperance edu- 
cation passed by the legislature in the winter of 1884-5: 
Section 3. It shall l>e the duty of the teacher to labor during school 
hours to advance the pupils in their studies, to create in their minds a 
desire for knowledge, principle, morality, politeness, cleanliness, and the 134 
Temperance Instruction. 
preservation of physical health ; and it is hereby made the duty of every 
teacher to give, and of every Board of Directors to cause to be given to 
all pupils, suitable instruction in physiology and hygiene, with special ref- 
erence to the effect of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. 
This law went into force last September. Good results are already no- 
ticed in positive temperance sentiment created among the pupils as a result 
of this study in the schools. 
MINNESOTA. 
Mrs. C. S. Winchell, Superintendent. 
An Act passed by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota, relating to instruction in public 
school in Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the effects of stimulants and 
narcotics upon the human system. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota: 
Section 1. It shall be the duty of the Board of Education and Trustees 
in charge of schools and educational institutions supported in whole or in 
part by public funds, to make provision for systematic and regular instruc- 
tion in Physiology and Hygiene, including special reference to the effects 
of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. 
Section 2. It shall be the duty of all teachers in public schools in this 
State to give systematic and regular instruction in Physiology and Hygiene, 
including special reference to the effects of stimulants and narcotics upon 
the human system ; and any neglect or refusal on the part of said teach- 
ers to provide instruction as aforesaid, shall be deemed sufficient cause for 
annulling his or her certificate by the County Superintendent or other 
competent officer. 
Section 3. No certificate shall be granted any person to teach in the pub- 
lic schools of this State after January 1st, one thousand eight hundred and 
eighty-eight (1888), who has not passed a satisfactory examination in Phys- 
iology and Hygiene, with special reference to the effects of stimulants and 
narcotics upon the human system. 
Section 4. It shall be the duty of the County Superintendent of Schools 
fo report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction any failure or neglect 
on the part of the Board of Education or Trustees of a school or institution 
receiving aid in whole or in part from the State, to make provision for the 
instruction aforesaid, and such failure or neglect being satisfactorily proven 
by the County Superintendent or by other persons, it shall be sufficient war- 
rant upon which the Superintendent of Public Instruction may withhold 
the apportionment of the current school fund from such district; provided, 
that not more than one fourth of said apportionment shall be withheld 
upon the first offense, one third upon the second, and one half upon 
any subsequent offense. 
Section 5. That the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the presi- 
dents of the normal schools of this State be directed to recommend some 
suitable text-book, and to furnish the same at cost to the several school 
districts of this State, for the study of Physiology and Hygiene, with spe- National W. C. T. U. 
135 
rial reference to tue effects of stimulants ami narcotics upon tlie human 
system. 
Suction ti This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its 
passage. 
A. It. McGill, Governor. 
Approved March 1, 1887. 
The above not strong law was enacted during the year now closing. 
Strenuous effort was made by the Minnesota W. C. T. U. and friends of 
Temperance to secure through their text-book committee a recommenda- 
tion of the Pathfinder hooks, because they considered them the best as 
temperance text-books. This resulted in the fiercest book war known to 
the experience of this Department, with its outcome of attack instigated 
by hook agents. The chairman of this committee announced at the start, “ If 
is doubtful if a radical book is the Iwst.” Thus it was evident his sympa- 
thies were not with hooks that, like the Pathfinders, are as “ radical ” as 
the truth. 
WISCONSIN. 
Rom* C. Swart, Superintendent. The following is the scientific temper- 
ance law of Wisconsin: 
CHAPTKK 827. 
An Ad to amend Suction 447 and Section 4411 of Chapter 27 of the Uevised Statute, entitled “Of 
Common Schoola.” 
The people of the State of Wiscoturin, represent'd in Senate and Assembly, do en- 
act as follows: 
Section 1. Provision shall be made by the proper local school authorities 
for instructing all pupils in all schools supported by public money, or under 
State control, in Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the ef- 
fect of stimulants and narcotics upon the human system. 
Section 2. The text-hooks used in giving the foregoing instruction shall 
receive the joint approval of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
and the State Board of Health. 
Section 3. No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in the 
public schools of Wisconsin after the first day of January, 188(>, who has 
not passed a satisfactory examination in Physiology and Hygiene, with 
special reference to tlx* effect of stimulants and narcotics upon the human 
system. 
Section 4. All acts and parts of acts conflicting with the provisions of 
this act are hereby repealed. 
Section 5. This act shall take effect and he in force from and after its 
passage and publication. 
Approved April 7, 1885. 
The State Superintendent, being a normal school teacher with heavy and 
continuous duties, has not been able to push the work as she desired. Sin* 
makes no report of work done. 
ILLINOIS. 
Miss Mary Allen West, Superintendent. This State made this year a 
strong effort to secure a temperance education law. These successive cam- 136 
Temperance Instruction. 
paigns for this legislation have aroused an interest that has put Scientific 
Temperance Instruction into many schools through the action of local 
boards. 
KENTUCKY. 
Mrs. M. A. Watts, Superintendent. True temperance sentiment has 
been growing. The subject of Scientific Temperance Instruction in public 
schools was discussed on several occasions at institutes. Scientific temper- 
ance is taught at the Deaf and Dumb Asylums at Danville ; also at the Re- 
form School, Louisville. Efficient work was done by the Kentucky ladies 
for the Blair Educational Bill, innumerable letters being written to Con- 
gressmen. 
KANSAS. 
Mrs. A. L. Slosson, Superintendent. 
An Act concerning Teachers and Studies in Common Schools. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of Kansas: 
Section 1. No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in any 
of the public schools of this State after the first day of January, 1886, who 
has not passed a satisfactory examination in the elements of Physiology 
and Hygiene, with special reference to the effect of alcohol, stimulants, and 
narcotics upon the human system; and provision shall be made by the 
proper officers, committees, and boards for instructing all pupils in each 
public school supported by public money, or under State control of this 
State, upon the aforesaid topics. 
Section 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its 
publication in the official State paper. 
State Superintendent of Education reports the subject taught in all coun- 
ties, and in no town \vholly neglected. Pathfinder series used more than 
any other. Two thirds of the Teachers’ Institutes have been visited by 
our workers. 
NEBRASKA.—WINTER OF 1885. 
Mrs. Clara Carscadden, Superintendent. 
Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Nebraska : 
Section 1. Provision shall be made by the proper local school authorities 
for instructing the pupils in all schools supported by public money, or un- 
der State control, in Physiology and Hygiene, with special reference to the 
effects of alcoholic drinks, and other stimulants, and narcotics upon the hu- 
man system. 
Section 2. No certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in the 
public schools of the State of Nebraska after the first day of January, 1886, 
who has not passed a satisfactory examination in Physiology and Hygiene, 
with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, and other stimu- 
lants and narcotics upon the human system. 
Section 3. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent with this act are here- 
by repealed. 
The Superintendent reports grand progress made during the year. The National W. C. T. U. 
137 
UnionH an* looking after the law with vigilance. It is claimed that it is no- 
where neglected. Interested parents are sending for circulars, and asking 
“ why we did not think of this work years ago?” Nearly all Teachers’ 
Institutes have been reached. 
IOWA. 
Mrs. C. A. Dunham, Superintendent. Provisions of Iowa law, like 
those of Pennsylvania. Copy not at hand. Scientific temperance is 
taught in more than half the schools of the State. Warm commendations 
of the Barnes’ series come from all parts of the State. 
A most decided temperance sentiment is shown, and among the children 
much strong opposition to alcohol and tobacco has been engendered. 
Boys have given up tobacco after years of use, and are becoming strong 
temperance advocates, in strong contrast to their home training. In the 
State Boys’ Industrial School, the pupils have the Pathfinders. More than 
two hundred of the three hundred boys have voluntarily taken the 
pledge since beginning the study, and there is much interest among them 
on the subject. This has been discussed at a majority of the Teacher’s 
conventions. 
OHIO. 
Mrs. Fanny W. Leiter, Superintendent. Mrs. Leiter reports: “For 
two years we have worked steadily and persistently up to the point of leg- 
islative effort last winter. Carried with me to Columbus the utterances of 
forty different bodies, religious, edcational, medical, agricultural, etc., be- 
sides a large petition, significant in its character, and yet we were de- 
feated.” 
She attributes the failure to the “book job’’charge. A captious form 
of objection we have always had to overcome in every campaign in this 
country. 
INDIANA. 
Miss Lodie E. Reed, Superintendent. The usual methods of securing a 
law were followed in this State, and a strong sentiment in its favor was 
aroused. Petitions bearing the names of nearly 30,000 of the best citizens, 
two thirds of them voters, were presented to the legislature. This bill 
passed the House, but the political quarrel in the Senate prevented its 
final adoption. 
At the State Teachers’ Association, a resolution was unanimously 
adopted expressing hearty concurrence in the efforts of the W. C. T. C. to 
secure, by State legislation, a Scientific Temperance Instruction law. 
MICHIGAN. 
Mrs. Alice M. Gould, Superintendent. 
AM KN DMKNT TO THK SCIKNT1KIC INHTRl'CTION LAW. 
The people of the State of Michigan enact, that section 15 of chapter 3 
of act No. 104, of the public acts of 1881, entitled “An act to revise and 
consolidate the laws relating to public instruction and primary schools, 
and to repeal all statutes contravening the provisions of this act,” ap- 
proved May 21, 1881. as amended by act No. 93, of the public acts of 1883, 138 
Temperance Instruction. 
approved May 16, 1883, be and the same is hereby amended, so as to read 
as follows: 
Sec. 15. The district board shall specify the studies to be pursued in the 
schools of the districts, and in addition to the branches in which instruc- 
tion is now required by law to be given in the public schools of the State, 
instruction shall be given in physiology and hygiene, with especial refer- 
ence to the nature of alcohol and narcotics and their effects upon the hu- 
man system. Such instruction shall be given by the aid of text-books in 
the case-of pupils who are able to read, and as thoroughly as in other 
studies pursued in the same school. The text-books to be used for such 
instruction shall give, at least, one fourth of their space to the considera- 
tion of the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and 
the books used in the highest grade of graded schools shall contain, at 
least twenty pages of matter relating to this subject. Text-books used in 
giving the foregoing instruction shall first be approved by the State Board 
of Education. Each school board making a selection of text-books under 
the provisions of this act, shall make a record thereof in their proceed- 
ings, and text-books once adopted under the provisions of this act shall 
not be changed within five years, except by the consent of the majority of 
qualified voters of the district present at an annual meeting. The dis- 
trict board shall require each teacher in the public schools of such district, 
before placing the school register in the hands of the director as provided 
in section thirteen of this act, to certify therein wdiether or not instruction 
has been given in the school or grade presided over by such teacher, as re- 
quired by this act, and it shall be the duty of the director of the district 
to file with the township clerk a certified copy of such certificate. Any 
school board neglecting or refusing to comply with any of the provisions 
of this act, shall be subject to fine or forfeiture, the same as neglect of any 
other duty pertaining to their office. 
This act shall apply to all schools in the State, including schools in cities 
or villages, whether incorporated under special charter or under the gen- 
eral laws. 
The passage of the amendment to the law is the great victory of the 
year in this State. Some specific cases have been mentioned of the in- 
fluence of the Temperance text-books upon the parents of the pupils. 
One man in the superintendent’s own town has been led to give up the 
use of alcoholic liquors through these means. 
THE NATIONAL TEMPERANCE EDUCATIONAL LAW. 
An Act to provide for the study of the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and of their 
effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of 
Physiology and Hygiene, by the pupils in the public schools of the Territories and of the 
District of Columbia, and in the military and naval academies, and Indian and colored 
schools in the Territories of the United States. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of 
America in Congress assembled,: 
Section 1. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and spe Nation a I IT. C. T. U. 
139 
dal instruction iis to their effects upon the human system, in connection 
with flu* several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall 
be included in the branches of study taught in the common or public 
schools, and in the military and naval schools, and shall be studied and 
taught as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like required 
branches are in said schools, by the use of text-books in the hands of pu- 
pils where other branches are thus studied in said schools, and by all 
pupils in all said schools throughout the Territories, in the military and 
naval academies of the United States, and in the District of Columbia, and 
in all Indian and colored schools in the Territories of the United States. 
S*c. 2. That it shall he the duty of the proper officers in control of any 
school described in the foregoing section to enforce the provisions of this 
act; and any such officer, school director, committee, superintendent, or 
teacher who shall refuse or neglect to comply with the requirements of this 
act, or shall neglect or fail to make proper provisions for the instruction 
required and in the manner specified by the first section of this act for all 
pupils in each and every school under his jurisdiction, shall be removed 
from office, and the vacancy filled as in other eases. 
Sue. 3. That no certificate shall he granted to any person to teach in the 
public schools of the District of Columbia or Territories, after the first day 
of January, Anno Domini eighteen hundred and eightv-eight, who has not 
passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special 
reference to the nature and the effects of alcoholic drinks and other nar- 
cotics upon the human system. 
Approved May 20, 1866. 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 
Mrs. Lydia H. Tilton, Superintendent. 
The Barnes’ series are used universally. Great interest is being mani- 
fested throughout the schools of the city in this study. 
At the examinations attended by the Superintendent, most enthusiastic 
recitations were from Barnes’ Health Primer. 
MONTANA. 
Mrs. E. L. llowey, Superintendent. This Territory comes under the pro- 
vision of the national law. Much good work is being done. Pathfinder 
books are chiefly in the schools. Thus the children are getting the whole 
truth against strong drink. The law is well enforced. 
NEW MEXICO. 
Mrs. A. M. Jarrett. Superintendent. National law applies here. No 
schools in this vast Territory have placed hooks in the hands of pupils. 
The law is enforced in a few counties. Ignorance and lack of funds seem 
to he the great hindrances to the work. A prayer comes from the Super- 
intendent that the Blair bill may pass this year, thus removing the latter 
great hindrance to this reform. 140 
Temperance Instruction. 
WYOMING. 
Mrs. M. N. Grant, Superintendent. This Territory, while having a law 
of its own, is under the provisions of the national law. A Territory thus 
fortified ought to be able to do grand work. The Pathfinder series are 
adopted by the authorities for the Territory. All superintendents are 
obliged to examine teachers in this subject to comply with both laws. 
Teachers are in sympathy with the law as far as can be ascertained. 
Parents report an intense interest on the part of children in discussing 
the study at home. A child’s hand is thus leading the new West. 
DAKOTA TERRITORY. 
Under theliational law. Mrs. D. W. Meyers, Superintendent. . Nearly all 
the cities and towns report good work, the teaching seeming to be in ac- 
cordance with the purpose of the law. Pathfinder series are most in use. 
• EAST WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 
Mrs. .T. A. C. Merriman, Superintendent. This Territory has a good tem- 
perance education law of its own, and the national temperance education 
law applies here also. The Pathfinder books have been adopted for the 
schools of the entire Territory. We were prepared to hear of the prog- 
ress which is this year reported from this field. 
WEST WASHINGTON TERRITORY. 
Mrs. Belinda A. Schaffer, Superintendent. This, like East Washington 
Territory, is under two strong temperance education laws. One State and 
the other national, and has the Pathfinder books in all schools. No dispo- 
sition to evade the law is reported, but general interest, and good work is 
done. 
Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Idaho, and Alaska, are all subject to the na- 
tional law. Pathfinder books are used chiefly in these Territories. No re- 
port reaches us from them. 
INDIAN SCHOOLS. 
Under the national law. For more than a year all the United States In- 
dian schools have been teaching the children of the red man from the 
Pathfinder books to shun the white man’s fire-water. 
OTHER LANDS. 
The Health Primer, translated into the Hawaiian language, has gone to 
the Sandwich Islands to be used in the schools of that people. New 
Zealand, Japan, and the Canadas, are among our other foreign correspond- 
ence concerning this work in their own fields.