The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, 
NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department, Inifed States Irmy, 
EXHIBIT-CLASS 4. 
No. 5. 
DESORIPTIOIsr 
OF 
SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM THE 
Medical and Surgical Sections of the Army Medical Museum 
AT 
WASHINGTON, IT. C., 
Surgeon JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. 
HENRY MoELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., ' 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION' OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, U. R. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-85. The World’s Industrial and Cotton Centennial Exposition. 
/ NEW ORLEANS, LA., 1884-85. 
Medical Department. United States Army. 
EXHIBIT CLASS 4. 
No. 5. 
IDESCIE^IIPTIOItsr 
OF 
SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM THE 
Medical and Surgical Sections of the Army Medical Museum 
AT 
WASHINGTON, IT. C., 
BY 
Surgeon JOHN S. BILLINGS, U. S. A., 
Curator of Army Medical Museum. , 
HENRY McELDERRY. 
Assistant Surgeon, U. S. A., 
IN CHARGE OF THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAI. DEPARTMENT, U. S. A. 
New Orleans, La., 1884-/# THE WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL AND COTTON CENTENNIAL 
EXPOSITION 
AT NEW ORLEANS, LA., 
1884-85. 
DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED SPECIMENS 
FROM 
THE MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SECTIONS 
OF THE 
ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM 
AT 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
The exhibition from the Army Medical Museum includes 
specimens illustrating normal and pathological human 
anatomy, comparative osteology and histology ; also means 
of transportation of sick and wounded by land and water, 
plans and models of hospitals, surgical’instruments and ap- 
pliances, anthropometrical instruments, microscopes, culture 
apparatus, and surgical photographs. 
The primary object of the Army Medical Museum was 
the collection and preservation of specimens illustrative of 
wounds and of the diseases of armies, as an important step 
in the study of the best means of diminishing disease and 
mortality among soldiers, and of rendering them as effective 
as possible. It was soon found necessary to extend the scope 
of the collection to include all forms of injuries and diseases, 
and also to obtain typical specimens of normal human and 
of comparative anatomy. An effort has also been made to 
form a collection of surgical instruments, of apparatus con- 
nected with the transportation of sick and wounded, and of 
instruments for diagnosis and for physiological research, 4 
including microscopes and culture apparatus. At the pres- 
ent time the Museum contains 2,230 specimens in the sec- 
tion of normal anatomy, 2,530 in that of comparative anat- 
omy, 9,280 specimens in the pathological section, 8,400 
specimens in the microscopical section, and 108 specimens in 
the miscellaneous section, devoted to apparatus, instruments, 
etc., forming a total of 22,014 specimens, illustrative of all 
branches of medical and surgical science. Large as these 
numbers may appear, there yet remain many gaps in each 
series, which should be filled as rapidly as possible. The 
appropriations annually made by Congress for the support 
of the Museum are but little more than sufficient for the 
current running expenses of the establishment, leaving only 
a small margin for the acquisition of additional specimens, 
and the Surgeon General therefore appeals to all medical 
men to aid, by contribution of specimens, an institution 
which is already of great value and interest, having an envi- 
able reputation both in Europe and this country, and which, 
it is believed, is destined to be of great importance in the 
advancement of medical science. In recent years, through 
the co-operation of the officers of the medical staff and of 
many practitioners in civil life, many interesting patholog- 
ical specimens have been obtained ; and it is gratifying to be 
able to state that the number of contributors is steadily increas- 
ing, as the facilities afforded by the Museum for the permanent 
preservation of pathological specimens, and of the records 
connected with them, are more and more appreciated. Prac- 
titioners—who have not the time or facilities for the making 
of minute dissections or preparations of morbid conditions— 
are usually willing to forward to the Museum the results of 
their operations or autopsies, feeling sure that such speci- 
mens will be carefully examined, and, if of value, properly 
prepared and preserved, so that they may be available for 
study by any physician who chooses to visit the Museum for 
that purpose. It is only necessary that contributors should 
properly pack the material for transportation by express, 
placing them in hermetically-sealed cans, with alcohol when 5 
necessary, or, in the case of many specimens, packing them 
in sawdust or salt. Freight charges are defrayed by the 
Museum ; and those specimens which are found to be of 
value are mounted permanently, and all data respecting 
them are placed on record. 
In cases of special interest the Museum will return to its 
contributors photographs of the specimens after they have 
been properly prepared. Among the specimens which are 
more particularly desired at present, in order to complete 
the pathological series of the Museum, may be named : 
1. Specimens illustrating the ultimate result of wounds 
and operations, especially if connected with the late war— 
such as Fractures, Resections, Amputation Stumps, etc. 
2. Aneurisms; Embolism; diseases of arteries and veins, of 
bursse, or of synovial sheaths; diseases of the hones or joints; 
hernia. 
3. Hypertrophy localized ; tumors of all kinds. 
4. Effects of osteo-malacia, rickets, syphilis. 
5. Diseases of the Ear, Eye, Pancreas, Skin (including tat- 
tooing), and supra-renal capsules. 
6. Sclerosis or atrophy of brain and spinal cord. 
7. Acute yellow atrophy of liver. 
8. Contracted gouty form of liver. 
9. Calculi; foreign bodies in situ. 
10. Parasites, except lumbricoids and headless tapeworms. 
11. Diseases and results of old injuries in animals. 
12. Casts, drawings, and photographs. 
13. Specimens illustrating the pathological anatomy of 
scurvy, cerebro-spinal meningitis, cholera, leprosy, yellow 
fever. 
14. Abnormities and Deformities of all kinds ; monsters. 
15. Atrophy of old age. 6 
10. Specimens of skeletons, as complete as possible, of very 
old men or women, especially if the ages are known ; also of 
bones of very old animals. 
John S. Billings, 
Surgeon U. S. Army, 
Curator Army Medical Museum. 
1. (3639.) A calvaria showing the effects of contusion by a shot projec- 
tile an inch behind the coronal suture. There is superficial necrosis with- 
out, and slight fissure and depression within. The patient survived the 
injury seventeen days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 8; Med. and Snrg. Hist., Part I, 
Vol. II, p. 146.) Donor, Dr. H. Mullen. 
2. (1568.) Section of left parietal with fracture of the inner table, from 
oblique impact of a musket ball on the outer table. Patient died of menin- 
gitis after nine days. (See Give. 6, S. G. O., 1865, p. 10; Cat. 1866, p. 7; 
Med. and Surg. Hist., Part I, Yol. II, p. 142.) Contributed by Dr. 11. W. 
Coale. 
3. (2121.) Segment of right parietal; one fragment of a conical ball, 
which split longitudinally upon the bone, was extracted from within the 
cranial cavity, the other fragment lodged beneath the occipito-frontalis. 
The patient survived the injury thirteen days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 14, and 
Med. and Snrg. Hist., Part I, Yol. II, p. 181.) Donor, Surgeon J. Dwindle, 
106th Pennsylvania. • 
4. (3220.) Segment of the calvaria of a quadroon of 21, showing a per- 
foration of the left parietal by a pistol ball at close range. The missile was 
arrested on the opposite side, after traversing both hemispheres of the cer- 
ebrum. The patient survived five days. (See Cat. 1866, p. 25, and Med. 
and Surg. Hist., Part I, Vol. II, p. 318.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, 
U. S. Y. 
5. (1108 ) Part of cranium, showing a conoidal ball embedded and in- 
crusted between the sphenoid and frontal bones. The aperture of entrance 
through the right orbit is partly obliterated by osseous depositions. The 
patient lived 64 days after the injury. No marked cerebral disturbance ap- 
peared until the ninth week. (See Cat. 1866, p. 28; Med. and Surg. Hist., 
Part I, Vol. II, p. 205.) Donor, Dr. G. II. Dare. 
6. (5116.) Base of a cranium, with a round pistol-ball embedded in the 
left carotid canal. The specimen was purchased with the Gibson cabinet. 
It was found in the catacombs of Paris; and, according to tradition, the pa- 
tient survived the injury many years. 
7. (5531.) Cranium of a California Indian, killed by a stone-headed 
arrow, which is seen penetrating the left malar bone and orbit. The skull 
I.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Cranium. 7 
Was found by Dr. C. Yates, in Alameda county, California, and was con- 
tributed to the Smithsonian Institution, and numbered 8106. It was trans- 
ferred to the Army Medical Museum January 25, 1867. 
8. (5908.) Cranium of a soldier of the 4th cavalry, killed by Indians 
near Fort Concho, Texas, September 30, 1870. The iron arrow-head im- 
pacted in the left temporal with but slight splintering, produced speedily 
fatal intracranial haemorrhage. (See Circular No. 3, S. G. O., 1871, p. 150.) 
Donor, Brevet-Major W. M. Notson, Assistant Surgeon U. S. A. 
9. (6900.) Cranium of a colored man, showing comminution and depres- 
sion of the left parietal and frontal bones, the result of “butting.” Donor, 
Dr. J. F. Hartigan. 
10. (9231.) Base of cranium, showing double longitudinal fracture, caused 
by a kick of a horse. Death on the 10th day after the injury from cerebral 
haemorrhage. Donor, Dr. D. S. Lamb. 
11. (9242.) Portion of left side of vault of cranium, showing oval de- 
pressed healed fracture. The injury had been caused by a piece of shell. 
Death from drowning 13 years after injury. Donor, Dr. R. B. Bontecon. 
II.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Trunk. 
12. (2843.) Six dorsal vertebrae, showing a shot fracture of the spinous 
and transverse processes and lamina of the third vertebra. The ball passed 
through the left lung, and the patient survived only one day. (Cat. 1866, p. 
58; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part I, Vol. II, p. 435.) Donor, H. M. Dean. 
13. (2762.) Third lumbar vertebra with a conoidal ball and shreds of 
clothing embedded. The patient died from tetanus after nine days. (Cat. 
1866, p. 60.) Donor, Dr. G. A. Mursick. 
14. (2902.) Fifth lumbar vertebra and sacrum with a musket-ball im- 
pacted in the upper left sacral foramen, from a soldier, 23 years old, 
wounded May 10, 1864, became paraplegic, and died May 15, 1864. (See 
Cat. 1866, p. 227 ; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 248.) Donor, 
Dr. 0. P. Sweet. 
15. (1641.) Left innominatum and longitudinal half of sacrum, from a 
soldier of 21 years, wounded May 3d and died July 8, 1863. A battered 
conoidal ball, which perforated the ilium and lodged in the sacrum, is at- 
tached. (See Cat. 1866, p. 228; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 
217.) Donor, Acting Assistant Surgeon Carlos Carvallo. 
16. (4130.) Left os innominatum and sacrum perforated by a shell frag- 
ment, from a soldier 35 years old, wounded April 6th, died April 28, 1865, 
from hemorrhage. (Cat. 1866, p. 228, and Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, 
Vol. II, p. 223.) Donor, Surgeon J. C. McKee, U. S. A. 
17. (819.) Hound ball impacted near the tuberosity of the right ischium, 
from case of Private W. L , 23d North Carolina, wounded at South 8 
Mountain September 12, 1862, died, as supposed, from the effects of chloro- 
form, October 28, 1862. (See Cat. 1866, p. 224; Med. and. Surg. Hint., Part 
II, Yol. II, p. 242.) Donor, Dr. R. Davies. 
18. (1246.) Conoidal hall impacted in right ischium. Case of Private 
S. W , 23d New Jersey, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3d, died of 
secondary hemorrhage May 24,1863. (See Cat. 1866, p. 227; Med. and Surg. 
Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 242.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. Thomson, 
U. S. A. 
19. (3597.) Aneurismal varix of the left femoral vessels, showing, with 
the varicose veins and dilated arteries, a portion of the aorta. The iliacs 
have been successively tied by Acting Assistant Surgeon J. R. Cutter. The 
patient died September 21, 1864, four days after the ligation of the primitive 
iliac. (See Am. Jour. Med. Sc.i,., 1864, Yol. XLVIII, p. 36; Jb'ul, 1865, 
Vol. L, p. 391; Cat. Surg. Sect., 1866, p. 469; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part 
II, Vol. II, p. 336.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon J. Theodore Calhoun, 
U. S. A. 
20. (192 6.) A portion of the omentum magnum, in the folds of which is 
lodged a conOidal bullet, which entered the left loin below the twelfth rib, 
traversed the abdominal muscles to the right side, whence it probably ulcer- 
ated through the abdominal wall into the cavity. The patient, a soldier, 
wounded at Antietam, survived the injury six weeks. (See Cat. 1866, p. 
490, and Med and Surg. Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 174.) Donor, Dr. W. W. 
Keen, Jr. 
21. (7304.) The third, fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra with a conoidal 
ball lodged with its apex forward and downward in a depression of the pos- 
terior part of the body and the anterior part of the left lamina of tin; fifth 
vertebra, having apparently entered through the intervertebral foramen of the 
fourth and fifth. Death occurred 18 years after injury. Donor, Dr. J. O. 
Stanton. 
22. (92 46.) Adjoining horizontal halves of first and second dorsal verte- 
bra ; a knife-blade has perforated the left lamina of the upper vertebra and 
passed forv/ard through the spinal canal as far as the body of the vertebra, 
dividing the cord. Death from tetanus on the 27th day. Donor, Acting 
Assistant Surgeon F. A. Atkins. 
III.—Illustrations of Vesical Calculi. 
1. (6203.) Vesical concretion, weighing 580 grains (Troy,) consisting of a 
pistol-ball enveloped in triple phosphates, removed by lateral lithotomy, by 
Professor H. McGuire, from a man, aged about 40 years, who received an 
accidental shot penetration of the bladder in 1807, and was successfully 
operated on in December, 1870. (See Virginia Clinical Record, 1871, Vol. 
I, p. 46; Med. and Surg. Hint., Part II, Vol. IT, p. 275; Virginia Med. 
Monthly, 1875, Vol. I, p. 543.) Donated by the operator. 9 
2. 5931. Yesical calculus having an iron arrow-head as a nucleus. The 
concretion weighs 857 grains (Troy.) It was successfully removed by lat- 
eral lithotomy by Assistant Surgeon W. H. Forwood, U. S. A., at Fort 
Sill, August 23, 1869, from Satamore, a Kiowa chief, aged 42 years, 
wounded through the right sciatic notch, near Fort Earned, in 1862, in a 
fight with Pawnees. (See Circular No. 3, S. G. O., 1871, p. 260 ; Med. and 
Surg. Hist., Part II, Vol. II, p. 276.) Donor, Dr. W. H. Forwood. 
3. (4848.) A mulberry calculus, weighing 1,191.6 grains, successfully re- 
moved by lateral lithotomy, August, 1867, by Dr. N. S. Lincoln, in the 
case of a man of 50 years. {Richmond and Louisville Med. Jour., 1869, Yol. 
VII, p. 423.) Contributed by the operator. 
4. (4846.) A large, nearly globular, urinary calculus, weighing 2,515 
grains, removed by lithotomy, by Dr. J. G. F. Holston. Obtained by ex- 
change from the National Medical College. 
I\f.—Illustrations of Injuries of Upper Extremities. 
1. (3161.) Head of left humerus excised on account of penetration by a 
musket-ball, which is impacted. (See Cat. 1866, p. 104; Med. and Surg. 
Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 573.) 
2. (4343.) A segment of the head of the right humerus shattered by shot 
and secondarily excised, with a good result, showing that such partial exci- 
sions are not invariably disadvantageous. (See Cat. 1866, p. 97 ; Med. and 
Surg.Hist., Part II,Yol. Ill, p. 527.) Donor, Surgeon K. B. Bontecon, U. S.Y. 
3. (1118.) Upper extremity of right humerus, shattered by a ball and ex- 
cised intermediarily by Assistant Surgeon C. A. McCall, U. S. A. Case of 
Private E. H.' Woods, 6th Maine, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 
1863. He was fitted with an apparatus by Dr. E. D. Hudson, who reported, 
in 1865, that the diaphysis had been partially reproduced. (See Cat. 1866, 
p. 109; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, Yol. II, p. 580.) Contributed by 
the operator. 
4. (734.) The left elbow joint, excised by Surgeon I. Moses, U. S. Y., for 
a shot fracture of the inner condyle of the humerus. The patient recovered, 
and was pensioned. (See Cat. 1866, p. 161; Med. and Surg. Hist., Part II, 
Vol. II, p. 890.) Contributed by the operator. 
5. (4249.) The tip of the olecranon and three inches of the lower extremity 
of the left humerus, successfully excised by Assistant Surgeon A. W. Camp- 
bell, 11th Hew York Cavalry, for compound fracture caused by a fall from 
a horse. (See Cat. 1866, p. 159.) Donor, Dr. M. D. Benedict. 
6. (531.) The right radius, showing a simple consolidated fracture with 
slight angular displacement, without shortening. This speck >n, which is 
more than two hundred years old, was picked up upon an ancient battle- 
field on Oaku, Sandwich Islands. {Cat. 1866, p. 194.) Donor, Assistant 
Surgeon W. li. DeWitt, Jr., U. S. Y. 10 
V.—Illustrations of Injuries of the Lower Extremities. 
1. (3520.) The upper fifth of the right femur, sawn longitudinally, showing 
a penetrating fracture of the neck hy a pistol hall, which lodged, exposing 
its surface just within the capsule. The injury resulted in suppurative de- 
struction of the joint. The patient survived the injury two months. (See 
Cat. 1866, p. 235, and Circ. No. 2, S. G. O., 1869, p. 114.) Donor, Assistant 
Surgeon W. Thomson, U. S. A. 
2. (86.) The upper third of the right femur, fractured by a conoidal ball, 
which entered from the front and perforated the bone at the base of the neck, 
lodging in the great trochanter, and producing a longitudinal fracture ex- 
tending to the articulation and reaching six inches down the shaft. The 
patient died twelve days after the injury. (See Cat. 1866, p. 236, and Circ. 
No. 2, S. G. O., 1869, p. 81.) Donor, Dr. J. P. Arthur. 
The two following preparations illustrate amputation at 
the hip: 
3. (4237.) U pper two-thirds of the right femur, amputated at the hip-joint 
hy Surgeon E. Griswold, U. S. V., April 12, 1865, for an oblique shot frac- 
ture at the base of the great trochanter, with a complete longitudinal fracture 
extending eight inches down the shaft, in the case of a soldier of the 2d New 
York Mounted Kifles, aged 17, wounded March 31, 1865. The patient sur- 
vived the operation less than an hour. (Circ. 6, 1865, pp. 50 and 72 ; Cat. 
1866, p. 248; Circ. 7, 1867, p. 39.) Donor, Surgeon E. Griswold, U. S. V. 
4. (4386.) The left femur amputated at the hip-joint hy Surgeon E. Bent- 
ley, U. S. V., from complications resulting from an imperfectly united shot 
fracture at the junction of the upper thirds, in the case of Private G. W. 
L , 6th Maryland, aged 30, wounded May 5, 1864, and amputated Octo- 
ber 12, 1865. The patient recovered and was pensioned. (Cat. 1866, p. 248; 
Circ. 7, 1867, p. 42.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. V. 
5. (3881-’82.) Specimens representing united shot fractures in both 
thigh-bones. The right femur united, two inches shortened, after fracture 
in the upper third. The left with two and a half inches shortening and 
angular deformity. The patient survived these injuries seven months and 
thirteen days. (Cat. 1866, pp. 265, 279.) Donor, Acting Assistant Surgeon 
G. M. Paullin. 
6. (3394.) Upper portion of the left femur, badly comminuted by shot 
below the trochanters and united with displacement and profuse deposit of 
callus. A number of large fragments preserved their life, to connect the 
broken shaft. From a soldier in a Nashville hospital. (Cat. 1866, p. 281.) 
Donor, Assistant Surgeon C. C. Byrne, U. S. A. 
7. (4201.) Upper half of the left femur contused by shot at the junction 
of the upper third. An exfoliation at the seat of injury is nearly separated; 11 
the posterior surface is eroded. The patient, a soldier of the 191st Penn- 
sylvania, aged 30 years, survived the injury forty-seven days. [Cat. 1866, 
p. 258.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. F. Norris, U. S. A. 
8. (3540.) Upper third of the left femur, longitudinally bisected, with an 
impacted pistol ball in the base of the neck. The patient survived the in- 
jury seventy-two days. [Cat. 1866, p. 260 Circular'!, 1869,p. 71.) Donor, 
Assistant Surgeon W. Thompson, U. S. A. 
9. (1907.) The left femur comminuted in the centre of the shaft by a coni- 
cal ball, which previously passed through the right thigh, and is attached 
to the specimen much flattened. The patient survived the injury sixteen 
days. [Cat. 1866, p. 267; Circular 6, S. G. $., 1865, p. 33.) Donor, Act- 
ing Assistant Surgeon J. Cass. 
10. (1354.) The left femur, firmly united, with an inch shortening and 
slight lateral deformity, after a fracture in the middle third by a conoidal ball. 
The large fragments that were split otf occupy the place of splints held by 
the callus. The point of fracture shows portions of dead bone not yet thrown 
off. The patient, Private J. W , 21st Georgia, aged 38, wounded at 
Fort Steadman March 25, 1865, survived the injury one hundred and eighty- 
two days. Dr. G. K. Smith, who treated the case at Armory Square Hospi- 
tal, regarded it as an example of recovery, and the patient was photographed 
five months after the injury at the Museum. (Sure/. Series of Phot., S. G. 
0., Yol. II, p. 42; see also Cat. 1866, p. 270.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon 
W. F. Norris, U. S. A. 
11. (2182.) The left femur, fractured at the junction of the middle and 
lower thirds by a conical ball. The displaced fractured ends of the shaft have 
been connected by arches of callus. From a soldier of a Kentucky regi- 
ment, who survived the injury forty-nine days. (Cat. 1866, p. 270.) Donor, 
Acting Assistant Surgeon R. T. Higgins.. 
The next series illustrates primary or ulterior lesions in 
the shaft of the femur, amputated for shot injury: 
12. (4120.) The lower half of the right femur, amputated primarily by 
Surgeon D. S. Hays, 110 Pennsylvania, for a severe shot comminution by a 
conical ball, which has flattened in a mushroom shape against the anterior 
surface of the lower third. The patient, a soldier of the 73d New York, 
aged 46 years, wounded September 11, 1864, recovered and was pensioned. 
(Cat. 1836, p. 256.) Contributed by the operator. 
13. (1413.) The lower half of the right femur, amputated for a trans- 
verse shot fracture in the middle third by a conical ball, which is attached, 
flattened. A very small portion of the laminated structure is wanting at 
the point of impact on the outer surface, and directly opposite a longitudinal 
fissure extends into both fragments. (Cat. 1866, p. 225.) Donor, Surgeon 
C. S. Wood, 66th New York. 12 
14. (2039.) Lower half of the left femur, amputated five days after in- 
jury, by Surgeon J. Aiken, 71st Pennsylvania, for a shot communition in 
the middle third by a conical ball, which is attached. The patient, Private 
P. M , 39,th N. Y., wounded February 6, 1864, is a pensioner. {Cat. 
1866, p. 256.) Contributed by the operator. 
15. (30.) L ower half of the right femur, amputated a fortnight after shot 
fracture in the middle third, by Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A. 
The patient, a soldier, wounded at Williamsburg May 5, 1862, recovered. 
{Cat. 1866, p. 285.) Contributed by the operator. 
16. (3875.) Portion of the left femur, amputated one month after injury 
in the upper third, by Assistant Surgeon li. F. Weir, U. S. A., for shot 
comminutio. in the middle third with a very oblique fracture. The patient, 
Private J. F , 1st N. Y. Cavalry, aged 21, was wounded July 7, 1865, 
and died twelve days after the operation. (Cat. 1866, p. 289.) Donor, Act- 
ing Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bartholf. 
17. (4067.) Greater portion of the shaft of the right femur, amputated 
in the upper third nine days after injury, by Surgeon N. R. Moseley, U. S. 
V., for a shot fracture in the middle third, with extensive longitudinal fis- 
sures, by a conical ball, which is attached, flattened. The patient, a soldier, 
of the 198th Pennsylvania, aged 20, survived the operation six days. {Cat. 
1866, p. 288.) Contributed by the operator. 
The next series illustrates necrosed sequestrte frequently 
found after amputation: 
18. (107.) A cylindrical sequestrum two and a half inches long from a 
stump of the left femur, amputated in the middle third for shot comminution 
of the lower third {Spec. 3734, Sure/. Sect. A. M. M.) by Acting Assistant Sur- 
geon E. G. Waters. The patient, Sergeant E. U , 15th New Jersey, was 
wounded October 19, 1864, at Cedar Creek, and amputated November 14, 
1864. March 8, 1865, the sequestrum was removed by Acting Assistant Sur- 
geon B. B. Miles. Exarticulation at the hip was successfully performed by 
Dr. T. G. Morton, February 17, 1866. (See Circ. 7, S. G. O., 1867, p. 51 ; 
Cat. 1866, p. 305: Am. Jour. Med. Set., 1866, Vol. LI I, p. 17.) Donor, Dr. 
B. B. Miles. 
19. (4281.) A sequestrum of eight inches, removed from the stump of the 
left femur three months after primary amputation for shot injury. The pa- 
tient, a soldier of the 6th N. Y. Cavalry, aged 23, wounded and amputated 
May 7, 1864, recovered. {Cat. 1866, p. 309.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon W. 
Thomson, U. S. A. 
20. (171.) A sequestrum, eight and a half inches long, removed from the 
stump of the left femur, two months after intermediary amputation in the 
lower third for shot injury. The patient, a corporal of the 64th New York, 
aged 30, wounded at Hatcher’s Run, March 25, 1865, recovered. {Cat. 1866, 
p. 309.) Donor, Assistant Surgeon H. Allen, U. S. A, 13 
Illustrations of shot injuries of the knee from the follow- 
ing series: 
21. (3269.) Bones of the right knee, after amputation in the lower third of 
the thigh, hy Surgeon N. R. Moseley, U. S. V., for shot fracture of the tibia 
and fibula, in a case in which Dr. W. H. Ensign had excised the upper por- 
tion of the fibula for gangrene and hemorrhage. The patient, a private of 
the 170th New York, aged 44, (wounded August 25th, excised September 
12th, amputated September 18th, 1864,} survived the amputation three days. 
(Cat. 1866, p. 381.) Donor, Dr. H. G. Bates. 
22. (4135.) The upper extremity of the bones of the left leg, fractured hy a 
conoidal hall which perforated from within and below, splintering the head 
of the tibia and resting on the articulation. The patient, Private T, J. T., 
57th Massachusetts, was wounded March 25th, amputated March 30th, and 
discharged on October 30, 1865, and furnished with an artifical limb. [Cat. 
1866, p. 319.) Donor, Surgeon W. O. McDonald, U. S. Y. 
23. (1882.) The bones of the right knee, amputated in the lower third of the 
femur by Surgeon A. N. Dougherty, U. S. V., in the case of Private W. G. 
M , 4th Ohio, wounded at Mine Run, November 27, amputated Decem- 
ber 3, 1863, for a shot fracture of the outer condyle and the head of the tibia. 
A conoidal ball, compressed upon itself, is lodged in the latter bone. The 
patient is a pensioner. [Cat. 1866, 348.) Donor, Surgeon J. Dwindle, 
106h Pennsylvania. 
24. (2276.) The hones of the left knee, amputated in the lowest third of the 
thigh for fracture of the internal condyle of the femur and of the head of the 
tibia by a conoidal ball, which is impacted in the latter. The patient, Priv- 
ate L. R , 23d North Carolina, aged 34, wounded at Spottsylvania May 
12, was amputated May 14, 1864, and died of pyaemia eleven days after the 
operation. (Cat. 1866, p. 345.) Donor, Surgeon 0. A. Judson, U. S. Y. 
25. (6812.) The bones of the left knee, showing a bullet imbedded in the 
femur between the condyles. The patient died of pneumonia over fifteen 
years after the injury, the foreign body having remained in the hone ap- 
parently innocuously during all these years, allowing the patient to walk 
without the least sign of lameness. Donor, Dr. J. Foster Bush. ' 
Shot injuries of the bones of the leg: 
26. (4387.) The right tibia and fibula, from a case of amputation in the 
lower third of the thigh six months after shot fracture in the leg. Tolera- 
ble union has occurred in the fibula. The tibia is partly united, is carious 
at the point of fracture, and has a very large and complete foliaceous deposit 
throughout its greatest length. The. patent, a sergeant of the 2d Maryland, 
aged 24, was wounded April 2, and amputated October 14, 1865, and recov- 
ered. (Cat. 1866, p. 392.) Donor, Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. V. 14 
27. (38.) The lower halves of the bones of the right leg, with the fibula 
transversely fractured and the tibia shattered by a round ball, which lodged 
about 3 inches above the ankle-joint. Three portions of the tibia and fibula 
below the fractures are connected by bony union. Donor, Assistant Surgeon 
J. B. Brintom, U. S. A. 
28. (2778.) Upper portions of the tibia and fibula of the right leg, with 
hyperostosis of the distal extremities of both bones. From a soldier of the 
61st Pennsylvania, wounded at White Oak Swamp June 30, 1862. (See 
Cat. 1866, p. 400.) Donor, Dr. T. G. Morton. 
29. (1956.) Head of left tibia and condyles of the femur, excised five months 
after fracture by a spherical ball, which is lodged in the inner condyle. The 
patient died from pyaemia twenty-two days after the operation. (Circ. No. 
6, S. G. O., 1865, p. 59; Cat. 1866, p. 335.) Contributed by the operator, 
Dr. F. Hinkle. 
Shot injuries of the ankle: 
30. (3 607.) Bones of right ankle, amputated thirteen and a half months 
after injury by a ball which entered six inches above the ankle-joint and 
escaped at the point of the heel. The patient, a private of the 44th Ohio, 
wounded at Missionary Ridge, recovered. (Cat. 1866, p. 435.) Donor, 
Assistant Surgeon G. M. Sternberge, U. S. A. 
31. (3356.) Ligamentous preparation of the right tarsus and metatarsus, 
one month after injury, with a conoidal ball lodged in the carious astragalus. 
Case of Private C. H., 33d Massachusetts, wounded at Dallas May 25, 1864. 
Amputated June 26,1864. (Cat. 1866, p. 428.) Donor, Dr. L. B. McNabb. 
32. (27 83.) Portions of the right tibia, fibula, astragalus, and ealcaneum, 
from a successful Pirogoff’s amputation. From Private O. C , 17th 
Wisconsin, wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. (Cat. 1866, p. 422.) Con- 
tributed by the operator, Acting Assistant Surgeon A. Hewson. 
33. (4543.) The left astragalus and lower borders of the tibia and fibula, 
from a soldier shot through the ankle at Fredericksburg December 12,1862, 
and amputated by a modification of Syme’s method. 
VI.—Illustration of Various Diseases. 
There are four (4) specimens illustrating the lesions in 
enteric fever: one, of thickening of Peyer’s patches; a second, 
showing thickening with ulceration ; a third, in which per- 
foration has occurred; and a fourth, where the ulcerated 
patch has cicatrized. 
1. (7727.) Portion of ileum with thickened Foyer’s patches ; its solitary 
follicles enlarged to polypoid tumors the size of small shot. Fom a soldier 15 
who died in Lincoln Hospital, Washington, D. C., of a fever diagnosed 
“typhus.” Contributed by Surgeon J. H. Bryant, U. S. Yols. 
2. (8263.) A portion of ileum with Peyer’s patches much thickened and 
ulcerated. The solitary follicles are enlarged to rounded tumors nearly the 
size of peas, many of them ulcerated at the apices; the villi are hypertro- 
phied. The solitary follicles throughout the whole colon were enlarged to 
tumors the size of peas ; their apices ulcerated. Prom a soldier of the 12th 
IT. S. Infantry, age 25, who died of typhoid fever. Contributed by Assist- 
ant Surgeon W. Thomson, U. S. A. 
3. (7926.) Portion of ileum, taken several feet above the ileo-caecal valve, 
with two ulcerated Peyer’s patches, which present a peculiar cribriform ap- 
pearance. Near the bottom of piece is a deep oval ulcer, the long diameter 
of which is transverse to the gut. At the bottom of this ulcer are two oval 
perforations a short distance apart. The peritoneal surface of the piece is 
coated with a thin film of pseudo-membrane; some of the solitary follicles 
are ulcerated. The small intestines elsewhere presented several other per- 
forations. The patient had contracted fever before Petersburg, Virginia. 
Contributed by Surgeon W. L. Faxon, IT. S’. Yols. 
4. (7958.) From near the middle of the ileum showing pin-head enlarge- 
ment of solitary follicles, with adherent shreds of pseudo-membrane and a 
large oval cicatrix, corresponding in situation with a Peyer’s patch. The 
ileum presented a number of such cicatrices. The colon showed many fol- 
licular ulcers, with a few adherent shreds of pseudo-membrane. From a 
patient who recovered from typhoid fever and subsequently died of chronic 
diarrhoea. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon H. C. May. 
The next two specimens are examples of follicular ulcera- 
tion of the colon. In chronic catarrhal inflammation the 
enlarged solitary follicles of the small intestine long abide 
as little tumors; but those of the colon speedily pass into 
ulceration, and the follicular ulceration is usually associated 
with inflammatory thickenning of the submucosa. In such 
cases tenesmus is sometimes present, sometimes absent; and 
they are spoken of as dysentery by some surgeons, as diar- 
rhoea by others. Pseudo-membranous inflammation of the 
mucous surface between the ulcers is apt to'supervene in 
these cases, and this lesion is very generally found when 
acute dysenteric symptoms precede the fatal termination of 
a chronic flux. This complication exists in a number of 
the specimens in the Museum. Follicular ulcers can gen- 
erally be distinguished from the ulcers of diphtheritic dysen- 16 
tery by their form ; but in the extensive ulcerations found 
in some chronic cases it is sometimes difficult to be sure which 
process has produced the destruction of tissue observed. 
5. (7909.) Portion of colon taken near the sigmoid flexure, the mucous 
membrane thickened, and present minute follicular ulcers and pseudo-mem- 
branous frosting. From a soldier of the 8th New York Heavy Artillery, 
who died of chronic diarrhoea. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon R. 
B. Hitz. 
6. (7664.) Portion of descending colon, its mucous membrane much 
thickened and presenting numerous well-marked follicular ulcers. From a 
soldier of the 23d New Jersey wrho had been sick for two months with fever 
and diarrhoea. The descending colon and sigmoid flexure were as in the 
specimen ; Peyer’s patches were also thickened. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A. 
The next two specimens are illustrative of the morbid pro- 
cesses of diphtheric dysentery. The characteristic lesions 
are pseudo-membranous deposits on the surface of the mu- 
cous membrane, involving also the mucosa and submucosa, 
and giving rise to sloughing, the sloughs invading the tissue 
of the bowel as deeply as the pseudo-membranous deposit; 
the resulting ulcers are usually of considerable size. 
7. (7830.) Portion of ascending colon, the mucous membrane of which 
is thickened, and presents numerous large excavating ulcers occupying a 
large portion of its surface. Detached shreds of mucous membrane, coated 
with lymph, hang from the edges of the ulcers. From a soldier of the 2d 
Battalion Veteran Reserve Corps, who died of dysentery. The colon 
throughout was in the condition of the specimen. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon H. Allen, U. S. A. 
8. (7829.) Fibrinous cast, fourteen inches long from the rectum ; com- 
posed of ordinary croupous lymph. From a soldier of the 4th California, 
who died of chronic dysentery, nearly four and a half months after the dis- 
ease began. The cast was passed on the twenty-first day. Contributed by 
Surgeon S. S. Todd, of the same regiment. 
The next specimen illustrates Epidemic Cholera, as it 
appeared at Fort Riley, Kansas, in the summer of 1807. 
9. (8332.) Portion of ileum, the villi hypertrophied, pin-head enlarge- 
ment of solitary follicles, and Peyer’s patches prominent. From a quarter- 
master’s employe, who, after four days of diarrhoea, from which he appeared 17 
to be recovering, was seized with cramps, and died within two hours. ■> >n-, 
trihuted by Surgeon B. J. D. Irwin, U. S. A. 
The next shows the manner in which the 
Diphtheritic process extends into the bronchi. 
10. (8034.) Portion of lung showing diphtheritic casts in the branches of 
the bronchial tubes. Prom a medical officer who died of diphtheria. Con- 
tributed by Assistant Surgeon G-. M. McGill, IT. S. A. 
The next two specimens are examples of metastatic foci, 
quite like those which .occur in pyaemia after gunshot 
wounds, but resulting in these cases from other causes. The 
point of departure of the metastatic process appears to have 
been a subcutaneous abscess in No. 78, an ulcerated colon in 
No. 79, and a collection of pus in the left pleural sac in No. 80. 
11. (8255.) Portion of lower lobe left lung containing a number of small 
pyaemic foci, about the size of peas, a colored boy, age 13, with scrofu- 
lous abscesses in groin and chronic peritonitis. Prom an autopsy by Dr. S. 
S. Bond, at Freedman’s Hospital, Washington. 
12. (7742.) Portion of liver, presenting a number of metastatic foci. 
Prom a soldier of the 14th Infantry who had colliquative diarrhoea and gen- 
eral peritonitis. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon E. DeW. Breneman,U. 
S. A. 
The next three specimens are from cases of Scurvy. Nos. 
14 and 15 present the typhoid lesion as modified in scorbutic 
subjects. 
13. (7451.) Larjnx, posterior tliiru of tongue, half arches, and tonsils ; 
both tonsils the seat of foul, irregular, and gangrenous ulceration. Prom a 
patient who died in Marine Hospital, New Orleans, in 1862. One of a num- 
ber of fatal cases in the same hospital in which gangrenous ulceration of the 
mouth and throat occurred in debilitated and anaemic (scorbutic) men. Con- 
tributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon R. K. Browne. 
14. (7537.) Portion of ileum with a sloughing Peyer’s patch, remarka- 
ble on account of the great size and pultaceous character of its thickening. 
Prom a soldier of the 126th New York, in whom the fever supervened upon 
chronic diarrhcea. The colon was of a dirty slate color, with streaks of in- 
flammation here and there. Pneumonia on the right side. Spleen large 
and flabby. A number of irregular spots of purpura, from the size of a 
flea-bite to that of a dime, were observed on the skin, and especially on the 
thighs. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon Joseph Leidy. 18 
15. (7915.) Lower portion of ileum, with ileo-caecal valve and part of 
caecum, showing three Peyer’s patches converted into pultaceous sloughs; 
the solitary follicles are enlarged; many of them, especially near valve, 
ulcerated; these ulcers presenting same character as those of Peyer’s patches, 
but smaller. There are also a number ot small sloughing ulcers on the 
under surface of the valve and in the caecum. From a soldier who con- 
tracted typhoid fever before Petersburg in the fall of 1864. Petechiae, suda- 
mina, and haemorrhage from the bowels were prominent symptoms. Con- 
tributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon W. C. Miner. 
Of the next five specimens four are from a remarkable 
example of multiple melanotic cancer. 
16. (8675.) Portion of parietal bone, showing two carcinomatous tumors. 
From an old soldier in whom also the liver was cancerous. Contributed by 
Surgeon C. H. Lamb, U. S. A. 
17. (8274.) Spindle-shaped melanotic tumor, five inches long, weighing 
two and a half ounces, which wa3 situated over the left clavicle and upper 
portion of the sternum, and probably consists of lymphatic glands. 
18. (3276.) Portion of lower lobe of right lung, presenting at its inferior 
angle a lobulated melanotic mass about the size of a hen’s egg. 
19. (8277.) Section of liver, presenting several melanotic nodules; the 
largest over three-fourths of an inch in diameter. 
20. (827 8 ) Portion of pancreas, presenting a number of melanotic nod- 
ules, the largest about the size of a pea. From a freedman, age 60, in whom 
numerous other similar deposits were found. The melanotic masses were 
soft, and composed for the most part of irregular, more or less polygonal, 
cells about one-thousandth of an inch in diameter, containing large oval 
nuclei and brownish-black pigment granules. Contributed by Assistant 
Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. A. 
The next specimen is one of Bronchocele in a child. 
21. (8366.) Larynx, portion of trachea, and thyroid gland of a child ; the 
right lobe of the gland is much enlarged, and has undergone cystic degener- 
ation ; the left lobe is normal. Contributed by the Medical Faculty of Co- 
lumbian College, Washington, D. C. 
The next is a specimen illustrating Addison’s disease. 
22. (87 40.) Supra-renal capsules, showing cheesy deposits which are 
most numerous in the right capsule. From a white woman, age 81, in 
whom the characteristic bronzing of the skin and anaemia were well-marked. 
Cretified tubercles were found in each lung. Contributed by Dr. J. T. 
Young, Washington. 19 
The next is a specimen of Bright’s disease. 
23. (86 50.) Kidneys from a woman who died in convulsions during labor. 
The right is quite small, and is a typical, gouty kidney; the left is less 
marked. Contributed by Dr. J. T. Young, Washington. 
The next is a specimen illustrating Tuberculosis. 
24. (7745.) Spleen, studded with small tubercles, from a soldier of the 
145th Pennsylvania, age 29, who died of chronic diarrhoea. There were 
tubercles in both lungs, and the mucous membrane of the colon was ulcer- 
ated. Contributed by Surgeon E. Bentley, U. S. Yols. 
The next two specimens are of Entozoa . 
25. (7494.) Taenia solium, about twenty-five feet long, with the head. 
From a soldier of the 96th New York, age 29. It was voided after the use 
of turpentine and castor oil. Contributed by Acting Assistant Surgeon J. 
F. Kennedy. 
26. (8792.) Echinococcus cysts from the urinary bladder. From a sol- 
dier of the 21st Infantry, age about 40. Similar cysts were found in the 
right lung and spleen ; there were none in the liver ; the brain was not ex- 
amined. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon F. C. Ainsworth, U. S. A. 
The next specimen illustrates’the fatality of even small 
Aneurisms of the aorta. 
■ 27. (8006.) Small aneurism of aorta, just above semilunar valves; the 
sac, which is about the size of a walnut, has ulcerated through into the pul- 
monary artery and the pericardium. From a soldier of the 1st Maryland 
Veterans, age 22, who was apparently in good health, and doing guard 
duty, when he suddenly fell insensible, and expired in a few moments. 
The pericardium was found distended with blood escaped from the ruptured 
aneurism. Contributed by Assistant Surgeon A. Ansell, 1st Maryland 
Veterans. 
The next specimen is one of Laryngitis. 
28. (8100.) Larynx and part of trachea, showing great thickening of the 
epiglottis, an incision into which discovered it to be infiltrated with pus. 
From a soldier of the 2d Arkansas Cavalry, age 26, who died of acute laryn- 
gitis. Contributed by Surgeon Wm. Watson, U. S. Volunteers. 
The next specimen illustrates the constriction resulting 
from caustics applied to mucous canal. 
29. (9067.) Alimentary canal of child from tip of tongue to duodenum, 
showing an inflammatory stricture of oesophagus. From a boy two years 20 
and six months of age, who drank some caustic alkali several months before 
death. Temporary relief was given by bougies, and nutritive eneinata were 
also used. Contributed by Dr. E. C. Morgan, Washington. 
The next specimen illustrates intussusception of intes- 
tine. 
30. (9051.) An intussusception of the ileum into the ascending colon at 
the ilea-caecal valve; the invaginated position is much swollen and de- 
formed, and dark-colored, as from incipient gangrene. From a man who 
presented symptoms of obstruction of the bowel, which was not relieved. 
Contributed by Dr. T. G. Croft, Aiken, S. C. 
The next specimen illustrates an anomaly in number of a 
viscus. 
31. (9103.) Four spleens, each about the size of a walnut, and con- 
nected by adhesions. From a negro woman who died suddenly of hem- 
orrhage from the fallopian tube. Contributed by Dr. J. F. Hartigan, 
Washington, D C.