REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
Extracted from Volume XL of the 
Transactions of the American Climatological Association, 
1895. Submitted to the American Climatological Association by the Committee : 
V. Y. BOWDITCH, M.D., 
Chairman. 
I. H. PLATT, M.D., 
SAMUEL FISK, M.D., 
KARL YON RUCK, M.D. 
E. O. OTIS, M.D., 
Secretary. REPORT 
OF THE 
COMMITTEE UPON HEALTH RESORTS. 
The presentation of the following reports upon some of 
the health resorts in the United States is the beginning of an 
attempt to collect reliable data regarding these resorts which 
will be of service to the physician-at-large. It is proposed 
to continue this work from year to year as information can 
be obtained ; and all members of the Association are urged 
to co-operate with the Committee in their exertions to discover 
health resorts, and obtain authentic facts concerning them. 
Lists of health resorts and the names of reliable persons in 
them with whom to communicate are especially desired. In 
the list of those herewith given no selections have been made, 
but all from whom we have received a response to our circu- 
lar with sufficient data are included. Of course, there are 
many resorts not mentioned in this report owing to the fact 
that no reliable person in the place was known to the Secre- 
tary, or no response to the circular was received, or the place 
was not called to the Secretary’s attention ; later, it is hoped 
that these omissions will all be filled. The circular-letter 
sent out is here given that it may be seen upon what lines we 
worked. The aim was to collect such information, meteoro- 
logical and other, as would enable the physician to select in- 
telligently and with some degree of assurance the climate best 
adapted to the needs of the patient he was proposing to send 
away. The especial class of diseases the various resorts were 4 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
supposed to be favorable for has not been mentioned de- 
signedly, that being left for the physician to determine from 
the data given. 
The Committee is fully aware of the incompleteness and 
unsatisfactory nature of many of the reports, but the work 
was new and the difficulty of obtaining the facts not incon- 
siderable. 
The reports of resorts here given are as follows : 
California (Southern)—Los Angeles; the Ojai Valley; 
Pasadena; Redlands; San Diego. 
Colorado—Denver; Colorado Springs ; Boulder. 
Florida—Winter Park ; Tampa. 
Georgia—Augusta ; Marietta ; Thomasville. 
Kansas—Dodge City. 
Minnesota—St. Paul. 
New Jersey—Atlantic City ; Lakewood. 
New Mexico—Albuquerque; Las Cruces; Las Vegas; 
Santa Fe. 
New York—Richfield Springs ; Saratoga Springs ; Sharon 
Springs; Saranac Lake. 
North Carolina—Hot Springs; Southern Pines; Pinebluff. 
Pennsylvania—Kane, McKean Co.; Eagle’s Mere ; Pocono. 
South Carolina—Aiken ; Camden ; Summerville. 
Tennesse—Chattanooga. 
Texas—Boerne. 
Utah—Salt Lake City. 
Bermuda. 
Copy of the Circular Sent Out. 
1. What is the altitude of your region? 
2. What are its general characteristics as to dryness and 
porosity of soil? The maximum and minimum daily tem- 
perature? Relative humidity? 
3. Do you ever have high winds or fogs? 
4. What proportion of bright, sunny days do you have in 
the year ? 
5. Are there first-class hotels and boarding-houses there ? HEALTH RESORTS. 
5 
Are there facilities for renting or buying comfortable houses, 
or for keeping house comfortably at reasonable expense? 
Give the address of some responsible person from whom par- 
ticulars in regard to these matters may be obtained, when 
needed. 
6. What attractions are there for out-of-door and indoor 
life ? 
7. What particular advantages are claimed for your region 
as a health resort, and upon what facts and observations are 
these claims based? 
8. State any other facts deemed of importance. 
California. 
Los Angeles. Situated in the southwestern part of the 
State, about twenty miles from the ocean; a city of 75,000 
inhabitants; with an elevation of 330 feet. 
There are two seasons : rainy and dry, the winter is the 
season of rain. The soil is generally dry and porous. Some 
few localities are termed adobe or damp lands, but the dry 
soil predominates. 
The mean yearly maximum temperature, compiled for a 
period of years, is 87.3°; mean yearly minimum 43.4°. 
Relatively yearly humidity for a period of years 69 per cent. 
During the nights and mornings the winds are generally 
light land-breezes. In the early afternoon they turn to fresh 
westerly sea-breezes. There are high winds during the winter, 
and cyclonic periods during the rainy season. During the 
dry season there is an occasional “Norther” due to a very 
high atmospheric pressure north of California, with a rela- 
tively low one in the Southern California region. Fogs are 
more frequent during the change of seasons, when cooler, moist 
air comes in from the Pacific Ocean. 
The average number of clear days is 176 ; fair days 140 ; 
cloudy days 49 ; making 316 days a year in which a person 
could be out of doors. Average number of rainy days 42. 
There are first class hotels with favorable rates. Many 
flats have lately been erected with facilities for light house- 6 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
keeping at reasonable rates. Comfortable houses can be 
bought on favorable terms. Many avail themselves of the 
offers made by firms and individuals of supplying themselves 
with houses on the instalment plan. The following firms 
make a specialty of this branch of business: Pirtle Real 
Estate and Trust Co., 229 West Second Street; Grider & 
Dow, 109J South Broadway ; Robert McGarvin, 220J South 
Spring Street ; Clark & Bryan, West Third Street ; D. R. 
Clay, 138 South Spring Street. 
There are the indoor attractions usually found in a city of 
75,000 inhabitants. The out-of-door attractions are numerous 
and varied, especially during the winter and spring months. 
There are floral carnivals in January, March, and April. 
The seaside resorts offer attractions all the year around. The 
mountains are in close proximity, and several of the houses 
are open throughout the year. There are daily excursions 
into the orange-growing sections during the winter months. 
The winter climate is such that one can be out of doors from 
November to May. 
The advantages of this region as a health resort are its dry 
soil, mild temperature, comparatively low humidity, the num- 
ber of days in which one can be out of doors (316), and the 
fact that the altitude and climate can be varied by a few hours’ 
journey. 
The Ojai Valley, Ventura Co. This valley is situated in 
the southwestern portion of the State, about fifteen miles from 
the ocean, reached by stage from San Buenaventura to Nord- 
hoff (sixteen miles). It is approximately six to eight miles 
long, and from two to four wide. Its altitude is from 900 
to 1500 feet. 
The soil consists of gravel on the foot-hills and upper 
slopes, with more or less loam on the level parts and bottoms. 
Clay subsoil and considerable adobe with some alkali through- 
out the valley. In most places water runs off quickly or is 
absorbed rapidly. 
Temperature : Winter extremes 80°-26°, ordinary 70°- HEALTH RESORTS. 
7 
40°, summer extremes 110°-50°, ordinary 90°-65°. The 
atmosphere is said to be extremely dry, and there is no dew. 
There are occasional high winds with sand-storms. Wind 
from the north from Mojave desert with considerable electrical 
disturbance. Fogs are infrequent, and when they occur they 
burn off by 9 a.m. with a few exceptions. 
During the year 1894 there were over 300 bright, sunny 
days. The average yearly rainfall is sixteen inches. 
There are no comfortable accommodations in the valley. 
Two very primitive hotels. No comfortable houses for rent 
or sale. There is one well-built boarding-house which has 
been well spoken of; for particulars one is referred to its owner, 
Dr. Pierpont, Ojai Valley, Ventura Co., California. 
The attractions are all out of doors; horseback-riding 
through interesting mountain trails and magnificent scenery ; 
rather poor fishing; good hunting, deer, quail, wild doves, 
rabbits. 
The advantages of this valley as a health resort are: The 
extreme dryness of the air; the few rainy days and absence 
of dew, so that one can sleep out of doors ; protection from 
coast fogs and winds by a range of mountains ; and the slight 
elevation above sea-level. There are an infinite number of 
attractive horseback-rides, and one fond of riding could almost 
live in the saddle. The flora is extensive and offers con- 
siderable attraction to lovers of botany. In the spring the 
fields are a mass of wild flowers. “ The valley is one of the 
most beautiful spots in California,” but somewhat difficult of 
access, and has no good accommodations. 
Pasadena. Situated in the southwestern part of the State, 
of an elevation of 800 to 1000 feet. Within eight miles of 
Pasadena are various points varying in elevation from 1200 
to 3500 feet. 
The soil is a sandy loam, a detritus from the mountains, and 
very porous. The drainage is good. 
The mean average temperature for January is 53.9° ; July 
70.2°; December 58° ; August 70°. 8 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
The mean maximum and minimum temperature for De- 
cember: 88° maximum, 37° minimum; for July 90° maxi- 
mum, 51° minimum. 
The relative humidity for July is 60; December 64; Sep- 
tember 70. 
At Los Angeles, which has about the same temperature 
range as Pasadena, the mean yearly maximum temperature 
compiled for a series of years is 87.3°, and the mean yearly 
minimum 43.4°. The relative yearly humidity for a period 
of years 69; that of Pasadena is slightly less than this. 
There are seldom high winds, “ probably on an average 
three days in the year.” From April to September fogs are 
quite frequent in the early morning, disappearing by eight or 
nine o’clock. The proportion of bright, sunny days is said to 
be slightly greater than at Los Angeles, which is as follows : 
clear days 176, fair 140, cloudy 49, making 316 days in a 
year in which a person can be out of doors. Average number 
of rainy days 42. 
There are first-class hotels and boarding-houses; the popu- 
lation of the town being 6000. There are all grades of houses 
for sale and to rent, and one can keep house comfortably 
at a reasonable expense. The President of the First National 
Bank, and of the Pasadena National Bank, and Mr. Robert 
Strong, Pasadena, Cal., may be consulted for particulars in 
regard to these matters. 
The attractions are chiefly for outdoor life. il The town 
and the country round about being very attractive and beauti- 
ful.” There are drives to various points of interest, old mis- 
sions, orange groves, vineyards, the mountains and numerous 
canons, and the mountain railroad to the summit of Echo 
Mountain. 
The peculiar advantages claimed for this region are the 
mild climate and large number of sunny days, inviting and 
almost compelling people to live much out of doors. The 
winters are especially agreeable, and there is seldom extreme 
heat in summer, and the coldest time in winter is only a trifle HEALTH RESORTS. 
9 
below freezing-point. It is essentially a marine climate, but 
mild, uniform, and relatively dry. 
“It is the most enjoyable all-the-year-round climate,” says 
one writer, “ of which I have knowledge, and there are few 
places with equal social and educational advantages, and where 
the means of comfortable and even luxurious living are at- 
tainable.” 
Redlands. Redlands is 1350 feet above the sea-level, and 
is in a valley surrounded by mountains of from 5000 to 10,- 
000 feet in altitude. 
It is a town of from 4000 to 5000 inhabitants. The soil is 
dry, red, deep and porous, in some places stony. For an illus- 
tration of the temperature and humidity, see the following 
table for the mouth of December, 1893 : the observations were 
made by Mr. William H. Tisdale, of Redlands : 
Date. 
Hour. 
Dry. 
Wet. 
R. H. 
Hour. 
Dry. 
Wet. 
R. H. 
Min. 
Max. 
1893 
Dec. 4 
11.30 
... 
19 
4.30 
70 % 
53 
27 
44 
73 
5 
11.00 
78 
53 
13 
4.00 
76 
58 
31 
49 
80 
6 
11.00 
69 
53 
32 
3. 30 
72 
52 
22 
50 
80 
7 
11.45 
72 
56 
35 
6.U0 
63 
49 
33 
49 
71 
8 
11.45 
76 
60 
38 
4.00 
72 
60 
49 
54 
76 
9 
12.50 
72 
58 
42 
4.30 
70 
57 
44 
52 
72 
10 
12. 55 
70 
56 
40 
4.45 
65 
64 
48 
48 
68 
11 
12. 30 
68 
55 
42 
4.30 
65 
55 
52 
46 
68 
12 
12.45 
59% 
51 
54 
35 
61 
13 
12.40 
61 
53 
58 
44 
60 
14 
12. 50 
60 
56 
78 
rainec 
at 3 or 4 p.m. 
47 
60 
15 
12.30 
68 
54 
38 
4.40 
63 
49 
33 
41 
67 
16 
1.10 
67 
56 
49 
4.30 
63 
53 
51 
44 
67 
17 
1.45 
70 
58 
48 
6.00 
61% 
49 
38 
47 
70 
18 
1.00 
69 
54 
35 
5.00 
63 
53 
51 
46 
68 
19 
1.15 
60 
54 
70 
4.45 
58 
53 
72 
45 
61 
20 
12.50 
60 
54 
65 
5.00 
59% 
55 
75 
45 
62 
21 
10.50 
58 
53 
67 
44 
61 
22 
11. 10 
55 
51 
76 
5.00 
52 
50 
87 
39 
54 
23 
12.30 
57 
48 
50 
41 
57 
24 
11.50 
50 
46 
74 
4.00 
44 
48 
73 
44 
53 
25 
1.00 
55 
50 
70 
39 
54 
raining 
raining 
26 
1.10 
45 
42 
78 
45 
42 
78 
46 
53 
raim 
about us 
27 
12.30 
54 
48 
64 
51 
47 
74 
41 
53 
28 
1.00 
52 
46 
63 
4.10 
53 
45 
52 
38 
53 
29 
12.00 
68 
50 
56 
4.50 
55 
48 
59 
35 
59 
30 
12. 30 
61 
50 
44 
4.00 
57 
47 
45 
40 
60 
31 
2.00 
62 
49 
41 
... 
... 
... 
39 
61 
R. H. = Relative humidity. Dry = Dry thermometer. Wet = Wet thermometer. 10 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
There are two seasons, wet and dry; the rainy season, 
however, means that tjiere may be rain, and does not imply 
continuous wet weather. The vast majority of the days in 
that season are sunny and dry, and when it does rain it is 
generally at night. For six months there is absolutely no 
rain. It is hot in summer, but owing to the excessive dry- 
ness it is said not to be oppressive. At night, even in the 
hottest weather, one sleeps under blankets, though in the day- 
time the thermometer may register 110° F. 
There are occasional high winds called “ Northers,” per- 
haps half a dozen in the year; also occasional fogs which 
generally disappear before 9 a.m. 
For about seven months, from April until the last of Oc- 
tober, a cloud is rarely seen. During the rest of the year there 
is about 12 inches rainfall. 
There are two fair hotels, not to be especially recommeuded ; 
a first-class one is in contemplation. Good board can gener- 
ally be obtained in private families. Many houses can be 
rented at reasonable rates. Patients sometimes live in tents 
the year round, and this plan is recommended as inexpensive 
and healthy. For particulars one is referred to John P. Fisk, 
Jr., Redlands, California. 
The attractions are those generally found in towns of this 
size inhabited by people of a high degree of cultivation, and 
in addition the many outdoor ones which the climate and 
scenery afford, horseback-riding, bicycling, ranching, orange- 
growing, etc. 
The particular characteristics and advantages of this region 
ai;e its dry soil, moderate elevation, warm, dry atmosphere, 
the large proportion.of sunny days, and outdoor attractions, 
all conducing to a life in the open air. 
San Diego. Situated in the extreme southwestern portion 
of the State on the coast. It rises from the sea-level to 225 
feet. 
The mean maximum and minimum temperature for the HEALTH RESORTS. 
11 
year, from April, 1889, to March, 1890, inclusive, is as fol- 
lows : 
April, 1889 . 
Temperature. 
Mean. Max. 
. 67.8° 83° 
Min. 
47° 
May, “ • • 
. 66.9 
80 
50 
June, “ 
. 69.2 
72 
56 
July, “ 
. 73.2 
84 
56 
August,“ 
. 76.7 
89 
62 
September, 1889 . 
. 77.6 
91 
54 
October, “ 
. 65.0 
80 
52 
November, 
. 71.6 
83 
46 
December, “ 
. 62.5 
69 
40 
January, 1890 
. 51.0 
66 
35 
February, “ 
. 54.4 
77 
38 
March. “ 
. 55.8 
74 
41 
For the same twelve months the rainfall was as follows : 
April, 1889, 0.19 (inch); May, 0.03; June, 0.10; July, 
trace; August, 0.04; September, trace; October, 2.12 ; No- 
vember, 0.12; December, 7.71 ; January, 2.79; February, 
1.70 ; March, 0.31. 
The coast fog, about which so much has been written, is 
most frequent in this region during the months of April and 
May. The fog-bank usually rolls in about nightfall and 
disappears a few hours after sunrise. Generally by 9.30 a.m. 
the coast is entirely free from fog. During these mouths 
there may be two or three days on which the fog will be more 
persistent, and a fine mist may last until 12.30 or 1 p.m., but 
this only perhaps a half-dozen days out of the year. 
“There are 279.9 clear, fair days during which the invalid 
can remain in the open air from sunrise to sunset. The 
cloudy days occur during the summer, aud serve as a break 
in the former period of almost constant sunshine.” 
There are many opportunities for outdoor life and amuse- 
ments. The surrounding country “abounds in large and 
small game; the Cuyamaca and San Jacinto Mountains 
afiord deer-hunting, and are desirable localities for camping 
parties. There is fishing and sailing during all seasons of the 
year. There are attractive excursions either by rail or boat 12 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
into old Mexico. There are also many attractive inland and 
coast resorts within driving distance of the city. Many of 
the old missions established throughout California, more than 
a hundred years ago, are still in existence, either in active oc- 
cupation or as picturesque ruins.” 
The accommodations are said to be good, there being first- 
class hotels and boarding-houses and good facilities for living 
according to one’s means and desire. 
Particulars with regard to accommodations, etc., can be ob- 
tained from Ross, Dickinson & Co., D Street above Fifth 
Street, San Diego, Cal. 
The county of San Diego presents within its boundaries 
various altitudes from the sea-level at San Diego to Mount 
San Jacinto of 11,100 feet elevation, and consequently vary- 
ing climatic conditions are obtainable. The particular advan- 
tages claimed for San Diego itself are those of a warm, equable, 
marine climate with a majority of clear, fair days. “It is a 
well-known fact that a thermometrical heat which would be 
enervating in other localities is stimulating in Southern Cali- 
fornia.” 
One is referred to the many articles upon Southern Cali- 
fornia, especially to “ The Climate of Southern California 
in Relation to Diseases,” by William A. Edwards, M.D., 
San Diego, Cal. (Reprinted from the Climatologist, August, 
1891.) 
Denver. Situated in the northern half the State just east 
of the Rocky Mountain Range, 5287 feet above sea-level. 
The soil is gravelly and porous, well-drained. There are 
apt to be wide ranges of temperature, warm days and cool 
nights. The mean temperature for ten years is 49°, and the 
mean relative humidity 52. For a careful aud exhaustive 
consideration of the meteorology of Denver, which applies to 
all this portion of Colorado, one is referred to “ Some Meteor- 
ological Data,” by Samuel A. Fisk, M.D., reprint from the 
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, September 13, 1891; 
Colorado. HEALTH RESORTS. 
13 
and, also, Rocky Mountain Health Resorts, by Charles Denni- 
son, M.D., 1880, Houghtiu, Mifflin & Co., Boston. 
Fogs are almost unknown. The average daily motion of 
wind is 169 miles, or 85 miles less than the average in Bos- 
ton. High winds occur occasionally, but only about half as 
often as in New York, for comparison. 
In an average of ten years there were 150 clear days ; 164 
partly cloudy; and 51 cloudy. 
Denver being a large city is well supplied with hotels and 
boarding-houses at various prices. Houses can be rented 
furnished or unfurnished. On ranches room and board can 
be obtained for from $5 to $8 a week. The best plan is for 
one to go to one of the hotels in town and then obtain par- 
ticular directions from a physician. 
In Denver itself there are such attractions as any large 
city offers. For purely out-of-door life there is not so much 
attraction except that of climate, sunshine, and dry air. 
The particular advantages of this region which Denver 
represents as a health resort are: Altitude; dry air ; sun- 
shine; freedom from fogs; small amount of precipitation; 
large number of clear days; dry, porous, sandy soil; small 
daily movement of wind. These advantages exist approxi- 
mately in the strip of country about fifty miles wide, extend- 
ing from Wyoming south along the eastern base of the llocky 
Mountains, through Colorado into New Mexico, and then 
turning southwest into Arizona, taking into account the sea- 
son of the year. In this belt no particular spot is so much 
better than another so far as the climatic conditions are con- 
cerned. 
Colorado Springs. Situated in the eastern central portion 
of the State, about 75 miles south of Denver, 6000 feet above 
the level of the sea; a city of from 10,000 to 12,000 inhabi- 
tants. It is in close proximity to Cheyenne and Pike’s Peak 
Mountains. 
Ten months out of the twelve it is extremely dry. The 
soil is composed of a coarse gravel to a depth of 60 feet, 14 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
with a clay bed sloping to watercourse. It is dry and por- 
ous, retaining no moisture, so that irrigation has to be practised. 
The daily mean temperature for five years is : Spring 45° ; 
summer 66° ; autumn 47° ; winter 30°. Year 47°. Maxi- 
mum temperature 93° ; minimum 3°. 
The relative humidity is : Spring 46 per cent.; summer 50 
per cent.; autumn 54 per cent.; winter 50 per cent. Yearly 
50 per cent. 
There are no fogs. 
During the months of March and April high winds pre- 
vail, but only from about 11 A.M. to 3 p.m. ; not every day, 
probably about half of the days in each of these months. 
There are 311 average clear days and 54 cloudy or stormy. 
One authority gives an average of 340 bright, sunshiny days. 
There are first-class hotels and boarding-houses. Well-built 
houses, large and small, for sale or rent. Housekeeping can 
be done at reasonable expeuse, and the markets are excellent. 
There are two sanitariums, “ Bellevue” and u Glockner.” 
For particulars one is referred to George R. Buckman ; H. 
Le B. Willis & Co.; Bennett & Evans ; C. L. Lawton ; 
Mathew Kennedy, Colorado Springs, Col. 
There are both out and indoor attractions, cations, grottoes, 
glens, etc., within five miles, reached by drives or electric 
cars. Riding, cycling, golfing, polo, skating, tennis, cricket, 
riding to hounds, walking over the plains and mountains, etc. 
In the town there is a country club, casino, library, college, 
and many opportunities for social intercourse. 
The advantages of this place as a health resort are : The 
dryness, purity, and rarefaction of the air; the dry soil; the 
large number of sunshiny days; the attractive outdoor life; 
and the excellent accommodations. “ The climate is temper- 
ate, as shown by its means, and yet varied, as shown by its 
range, so as to be stimulating and not sedative.” 
Boulder. Elevation 5500 feet above sea-level. Situated 
in the heart of the Rocky Mountains, about 25 miles north- 
west of Denver. Boulder has a population somewhat over HEALTH RESORTS. 
15 
4000 inhabitants, and is the seat of the State University with 
all its departments. It has an excellent school system, rea- 
sonable living, and good society. 
The soil is dry and porous, except in areas of clayey soil. 
Irrigation necessary to raise crops. The proportion of bright, 
sunny days is very large, there being 360 per year. 
From October to March there are occasional high west 
winds, mainly dry and warm ; seldom do any damage. Once 
or twice a year a fog settles over mountains and plains, but 
lasting only a few hours. 
The accommodations would not be called first-class, but they 
are ample, and there are facilities for renting or buying com- 
fortable houses. Any information in regard to accommoda- 
tions can be obtained from Mr. Thomas V. Wilson or Mr. 
John W. Day, of Boulder, Col. 
The out-of-door attractions are those always found in 
mountainous regions, fine drives, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this place as a health 
resort are: Almost constant sunshine; clear, bracing air, 
which is cool in the shade even in hot weather ; and nights 
that give invigorating sleep and rest. The scenery is grand 
and inspiring. 
(See Vol. X. Transactions of this Association.) 
Florida. 
Winter Park, Orange Co. Although Winter Park is in 
the midst of the lake region, it has an altitude of over 100 
feet above tidewater. 
Winter Park is situated on the Peninsula of Florida, in 
about its narrowest portion, being forty miles west of the 
Atlantic Ocean and eighty miles east of the Gulf of Mexico. 
It is about 133 miles south of Jacksonville and 100 miles 
north of Tampa, and on a direct railroad system from all 
points in the North. 
The air is fine and dry, the country around Winter Park 
being made up of high pine lands, no marshes or stagnant 
ponds, but, instead, a chain of beautiful, clear-water lakes. 16 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
The temperature of the winter days averages from 60° to 
65° during the twenty-four hours. Occasionally there is a 
frost, and once in a while freezing temperature at night, 
but none during the day. It rains very seldom during 
the winter months, but there are heavy dews night and 
morning. 
The hotel accommodations are first class, “The Seminole” 
being one of the most comfortable and convenient houses. 
The out-of-door sports are many and varied, there being 
tennis, croquet, fishing, driving and riding horses, steam and 
rowboats, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its equable, clear, sunny climate, in which a 
person can have and enjoy a great deal of out-of-door life, 
and its freedom from malaria. 
Tampa. Elevation 20 feet above sea-level. Tampa is 
situated in the southwestern part of the Peninsula of Florida, 
at the terminus of the South Florida Railroad. 
It has a porous, sandy soil, generally dry in winter, wet in 
summer during rainy season. 
Mean annual temperature 72° F.; mean winter tempera- 
ture 02° F.; mean summer temperature 80° F. Relative 
humidity 85. 
For mean maximum and minimum temperatures and rel- 
ative humidity for every month, see following table : 
January 
* 
Max. 
. 73° 
Average 
Min. humidity. 
Per cent. 
54° 84 
February 
. 73 
56 
84 
March 
. 78 
58 
80 
April . 
. 82 
62 
76 
May . 
. 86 
65 
76 
June . 
. 89 
70 
84 
July . 
. 89 
74 
83 
August 
. 89 
74 
81 
September . 
. 87 
72 
86 
October 
. 82 
66 
86 
November . 
. 76 
56 
84 
December . 
. 71 
54 
86 HEALTH RESORTS. 
17 
There are sometimes fogs over the bay, but seldom over the 
city. Occasionally there are high winds in summer, at time 
of hurricane season. 
The proportion of bright, sunny days throughout the year 
is 65 per cent. 
In Tampa can be found first-class hotel and boarding-house 
accommodations. Refer for information to Messrs. Hendry 
and Knight, Tampa, Fla 
For out-of-door amusements there are fishing, shooting, 
driving, rowing, tennis, etc. 
The particular advantage claimed for this region as a health 
resort is its warm climate of great equability. 
Georgia. 
Augusta. Situated in the northeastern part of the State 
on the Savannah River, which forms the boundary between 
Georgia and South Carolina. 
Augusta proper has an elevation of from 165 to 200 feet. 
At the Sand Hills, two and a half miles distant, it is 463 feet. 
The soil is chiefly white sand with a subsoil of sand in 
which is mixed some red clay; it is therefore very porous, and 
the ground never has water standing on it for any length of 
time after the hardest rains. 
The mean temperature for twenty-three years in the city is 
64° ; maximum 99° ; minimum 20°. Relative humidity : 
1886, 76 ; 1887, 73; 1888, 76; 1889, 78 ; 1890, 76 ; 1891, 
76 ; 1892, 75 ; about the same as Aiken, which is located 16 
miles from Augusta on the same sand ridge. 
High winds and fogs are exceedingly infrequent. 
Extending over a period of twenty years, the mean number 
of fair days for the year was 238; cloudy days 70; snow 
about two days to every three years. 
For accommodations there is the aBon Air” Hotel afford- 
ing accommodation for 300 guests, situated on Summerville 
Heights, the “ Sand Hills,” two miles from the city of 
Augusta; it is a first-class hotel. There are also numerous 
well-kept boarding-houses, facilities for buying residences, 18 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
but few houses for rent. For information regarding houses, 
etc., one is referred to Mr. John Dickey or Alexander & 
Johnson, real-estate agents, Augusta, Ga. 
The out-of-door attractions are : Driving, horseback-riding, 
hunting, tennis, and boating. The roads are good. The city 
itself (15,000 inhabitants) affords diversion of various kinds. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region are the 
bracing property of the air, the extreme porosity of the soil, 
equability of temperature, and absence of sudden atmospheric 
changes. These, coupled with the comparative lack of hu- 
midity in the air and the large number of clear, warm days, 
make the place one of importance as a health resort for vari- 
ous diseases. 
Marietta, Cobb Co. This city covers an area of 1| by 2 
miles, diversified in surface from 1100 to 1200 feet above sea- 
level. 
Marietta is situated in the northwestern part of the State, 
and has a population of over 2000. 
The soil is dry and sandy, very little marsh or moist land. 
The region is free from malaria. 
It is a breezy region, but there are no cyclones or wind- 
storms, and no foggy weather. 
Average temperature of the year 57-|°. The variation 
from this is seldom as much as one degree. 
For proportion of bright, sunny days, maximum and mini- 
mum temperature, rainfall, etc., see following table for 1888 : 
dumber 
of sunny 
days. 
Number 
of rainy 
or cloudy 
days. 
Av. min. 
temp, of 
month. 
Av. max. 
temp, of 
month. 
Extremes of 
Rainfall. 
Month. 
Max. 
Min. 
17 
14 
36c 
49° 
72 
12 
3.10 in. 
January. 
15 
14 
40 
54 
69 
10 
4.09 “ 
February. 
22 
9 
39 
58 
77 
19 
9.81 '• 
March. 
26 
4 
52 
73 
82 
42 
1.68 “ 
April. 
25 
5 
57 
74 
85 
41 
5.13 •' 
May. 
27 
3 
'* 68 
82 
89 
60 
2.26 “ 
June. 
25 
6 
66 
85 
92 
64 
4.14 “ 
July. 
24 
7 
68 
83 
90 
.50 
3.15 “ 
August. 
18 
12 
60 
73 
83 
40 
8 01 “ 
September. 
22 
13 
49 
Ot 
77 
37 
3.93 “ 
October. 
23 
7 
44 
58 
75 
26 
4.38 “ 
November. 
19 
12 
34 
49 
64 
18 
4.97 “ 
December. HEALTH RESORTS. 
19 
For accommodations Marietta has two hotels, one of them 
built only three or four years ago. They are well kept, quiet, 
and comfortable. There are also various good boarding- 
houses, where guests can be well provided for. Also a few 
houses can be rented in and near the city, and some for sale. 
For information apply to Dr. G. C. Burnap, Marietta, Ga. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a health 
resort are its comparatively invigorating climate, dry soil, 
and temperature, with freedom from malaria. 
Thomasville. Elevation 830 feet above sea-level. Thomas- 
ville is situated in the southern part of the State near the 
Florida line. 
The soil is sandy and very porous, and dries quickly after 
a rain. The forests are of pine (the long-leaf Georgia pine). 
The following is a consolidated meteorological report for 
the last year by Prof. L. S. Swain, Volunteer Observer, U. S. 
Signal Service, at Thomasville. 
January 
Temp. 
. 54.39° 
Relative 
humidity. 
Per cent. 
65 
February 
. 55.87 
62 
March 
. 61.61 
61 
April 
. 67.35 
60 
May . . 
. 74.50 
65 
June 
. 80.02 
63 
July 
. 81.99 
67 
August . 
. 79.33 
72 
September 
. 76.12 
71 
October . 
. 68.94 
69 
November 
. 58.66 
67 
December 
. 53.40 
64 
Annual mean 
. 67.78 
65 
Thomasville’s moan winter temperature is 54.55°. For 
clear and fair days during the year there are generally 268. 
The prevailing winds are south and northwest. 
For accommodations there are four first-class hotels under 
excellent management, several small hotels, and a number of 
comfortable boarding-houses. Also houses, furnished or un- 20 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
furnished, can be rented or purchased at reasonable rates. 
Refer to the Hon. H. W. Hopkins, real-estate agent. 
The out-of-door amusement are those found in any resort, 
with the addition of beautiful drives among the pine forests 
and quail-shooting. 
The particular advantages claimed for the region as a health 
resort, besides its fine climatic advantages, are its location in 
the midst of the great pine forests; its distance from rivers, 
river swamps, and large bodies of standing water, and the 
many clear days in the winter season. 
Kansas. 
Dodge City. Elevation 2500 feet. Situated in the south- 
western part of the State on tiie Atkinson, Topeka, and 
Santa F6 Railroad, in the Arkansas River country, and is 
easy of access, being twenty-eight hours from Chicago. 
From a report of the United States Weather Bureau for 
seventeen years from 1875, the average temperature was 53° 
and the average rainfall 21 inches. For 1891 the number of 
cloudless days was 155 ; number of partly cloudy days was 
155 ; number of cloudy days was 55 ; number of days with 
rain was 80; number of thunder-storms 31. 
The prevailing wind is from the south. The average hours 
of sunshine 8.1. High winds are comparatively common 
during spring, autumn, and winter. A fog is a rare experi- 
ence, but some seasons are very wet ones, while others are 
quite dry. 
t For accommodations there are no first-class hotels, but there 
are numerous boarding-houses where people can be made com- 
fortable. Also cottages can be rented at moderate rates. 
Address for information Rev. E. H. Vaughan, President of 
Soule College, or H. Whitworth, M.D., Dodge City, Kansas. 
For out-of-door attractions there are excellent roads, driv- 
ing, riding, etc.; there are also churches, schools, and theatres. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its medium altitude; dry, pure air; nearly 
perpetual sunshine; summer heat rarely oppressive; winters HEALTH RESORTS. 
21 
short and usually mild; the air free from malarial influ- 
ence ; and the water clear and abundant. 
Minnesota. 
St. Paul. Elevation 800 feet. St. Paul is situated in the 
eastern part of the State, not far from the Mississippi River. 
Has a population of over 100,000 inhabitants. 
The soil is dry and sandy, porous, and dries very quickly 
after rain. 
Fogs are unknown in St. Paul, but high winds are not in- 
frequent. 
The region is favored with a great many sunny days, espe- 
cially in the winter, on an average from 20 to 25 sunny days a 
month. 
For accommodations the hotels in St. Paul and Minneapolis 
are good; also at the lakes near St. Paul there are fine, large 
hotels open during the summer season. Houses or apartments 
can be had at any time of any real-estate agent. 
The attractions for outdoor life in winter are skating, ice 
games, sleighing, etc.; and in summer, fishing, boating, bath- 
ing ; and in the fall, shooting. 
The winters although cold are very dry, and with a large 
proportion of bright, sunny days ; this region is a most desir- 
able one for those with vigor enough to withstand the cold of 
the winter months. 
There is one advantage this region has over many other 
health resorts, and that is that there is much better oppor- 
tunity for the patient to find work if necessary. 
The water supply of St. Paul is very pure; it is drawn 
from carefully guarded lakes from 10 to 25 miles from the city. 
There are electric street-cars running every five minutes 
between St. Paul and Minneapolis, which make the midway 
district, which is several miles in length, a particularly appro- 
priate place for invalids, within easy access of either city and 
still away from any contaminated atmosphere. 
To give an idea of the temperature, with maximum, mini- 
mum, and mean temperature for five years, see following table : 22 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
* 
Winter months. 
Jan. 
Feb 
Mar. 
Apr. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Annual. 
Dec. Jan. Feb. 
Max. 
42 
50 
67 
76 
84 
90 
96 
91 
88 
76 
56 
47 
96 
Winter 
51 
1889 
Min. 
—10 
—25 
13 
26 
33 
42 
50 
49 
32 
25 
— 4 
— 4 
—25 
of 
1889-90 
—22 
l 
Mean 
18 
9 
34 
47 
55 
64 
71 
70 
59 
45 
29 
28 
44 
18 
Max. 
42 
51 
51 
83 
86 
94 
94 
92 
84 
71 
59 
53 
94 
Winter 
53 
1890 
Min. 
—22 
-12 
—16 
19 
27 
51 
51 
43 
31 
22 
9 
— 3 
—22 
of 
1890-91 
—25 
[ 
Mean 
9 
18 
22 
47 
52 
69 
71 
65 
58 
46 
35 
24 
43 
19 
Max. 
46 
44 
48 
83 
83 
89 
84 
94 
93 
74 
60 
53 
94 
] 
Winter 
53 
1891 . . .-1 
Min. 
-2 
—25 
— 9 
13 
28 
40 
47 
42 
42 
29 
—13 
— 6 
—25 
of 
1891-92 
—25 
l 
Mean 
21 
11 
23 
48 
57 
65 
65 
68 
67 
50 
29 
30 
45 
l 
21 
Max. 
47 
48 
56 
66 
74 
90 
91 
87 
85 
84 
51 
33 
91 
Winter 
38 
1892 
Min. 
—25 
—17 
— 4 
17 
30 
43 
52 
46 
43 
25 
0 
—16 
—25 
of 
1892-93 
—27 
Mean 
11 
23 
30 
43 
51 
65 
92 
70 
63 
53 
30 
17 
44 
11 
1 
Max. 
33 
38 
53 
73 
79 
92 
97 
95 
94 
82 
73 
33 
91 
] 
Winter 
38 
1893 
Min. 
—26 
—27 
— 5 
21 
33 
46 
55 
46 
32 
17 
—10 
—16 
—25 
of 
1893-94 
—27 
Mean 
4 
11 
25 
41 
54 
72 
74 
69 
63 
50 
33 
17 
44 
16 HEALTH RESORTS. 
23 
New Jersey. 
Atlantic City. Elevation virtually sea-level. The hotels 
and cottages are from five to fifteen feet above sea-level. 
Situated on the southeastern coast of New Jersey upon the 
central railroad lines, Atlantic City is very accessible, and 
offers many attractions as a winter and summer resort. It is 
a regularly laid-out and handsomely built city, with a perma- 
nent population of 8000 inhabitants. 
The soil is exceptionally dry and porous, being mainly sand. 
The air is drier than usual at seaside resorts, since all land 
breezes blow for long distances over a dry sandy region ; the 
nearness of the Gulf Stream also tempers very considerably 
the ocean breezes. 
The prevailing winds in winter are those from the west 
and northwest, which are usually dry and bracing. The east 
and south winds, which often blow for days at a time, are 
warmer and more humid. Fogs are exceedingly rare. There 
is no record of the proportion of bright, sunny days, but in 
the spring and summer sunny weather greatly predominates. 
Following is a report of Atlantic City from the U. S. Signal 
Office: 
Year. 
Temperature. 
Wind. 
Total move- 
ment, miles. 
Precipitation. 
Total inches. 
Mean. 
Highest. 
Lowest. 
1884 
52.6 
89.9 
2.0 
75.232 
53.70 
1885 
50.6 
91.0 
5.0 
75.151 
38.45 
1886 
51.5 
86.0 
—2.0 
79.553 
44.80 
1887 
51.8 
97.0 
7.0 
74.819 
37. 91 
1888 
50.2 
91.0 
2.0 
88.825 
44.14 
For accommodations : At no place in the United States 
(outside the largest cities) can there be found so great a variety 
of hotels and boarding-houses, including all grades, from ordi- 
nary up to the best. Large numbers of furnished cottages 
are held for rent at from $300 to $1500 for the summer sea- 
son, or from $25 to $200 per month in the winter and spring 24 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
seasous. The markets afford an abundance and variety of 
food at prices about the same as prevail in New York and 
Philadelphia. 
In regard to accommodations, one is referred to I. G. Adams 
& Co. and Sternberger Bros., real-estate agents. 
For out-of-door attractions there are driving, sailing, fish- 
ing, gunning, and pedestrian exercise upon the broad and high 
boardwalk, which extends for three miles along the beach 
front. Hot and cold sea-water baths indoors all the year 
round, and ocean bathing in the summer and autumn. 
The particular advantages claimed for Atlantic City as a 
health resort are its tonic, invigorating sea-air, its dry climate, 
the absence of malaria, its fine drainage system, and a dry, 
sandy soil, all of which by reason of its rapid growth make 
it prominent among health resorts. 
Lakewood. Situated in the eastern part of the State on the 
Central Railroad of New Jersey, two or three hours distant 
from New York City. 
Elevation 40 to 60 feet. There are no statistics of the 
maximum or minimum daily temperature or relative humidity, 
but in spite of this fact “ the sensation of dampness is far less 
than that of New York or Boston, or other portions of the 
Eastern States.” In winter the peculiarly disagreeable weather 
accompanying an east wind in our seaboard cities, and known 
as “raw,” is almost unknown; and in summer, while the 
weather is frequently warm, it is rarely sultry. The east wind 
even in winter loses its disagreeable character which makes it 
a bane to the Bostonian and New Yorker, and in warm weather 
is the pleasantest wind we have, coming, as it does, with the 
freshness and coolness of the sea, but deprived of its damp- 
ness by the stretch of sand and pine forest over which it has 
passed. “ Its soil varies somewhat in its character, ranging 
from a light sandy loam to clear beach sand. Its streams, 
which are sufficient for drainage, have good banks, which they 
very rarely, if ever, overflow, and there is no wet meadow. 
There are a few peat bogs, which have been partially utilized HEALTH RESORTS. 
25 
in the cranberry culture, and also some marl beds in the 
northern portion, and occasionally a cedar swamp, but these 
features are all of very limited extent. Leaving these out of 
account, the richest soil is a light, sandy, porous loam, con- 
taining about 85 per cent, of silica and only 1J per cent, of 
water, while the lightest is almost pure quartz sand, 95 per 
cent, silica and only 0.6 per cent, water. Extensive pine 
forests are a prominent feature of this region. They have 
been in some places cut off or burned, and in some spots are 
replaced by oak and other deciduous trees, but there are 
enough left to make it pre-eminently a pine region. One 
consequence of the sandy nature of the soil is the entire 
absence of mud. Of course, during a rain or a thaw there is 
wet sand, but it is no more like mud than the wet sand of a 
sea-beach, and within a few hours after the cessation of the 
rain it is dry again. Melting snow does not produce slush, 
except in rare cases where the snow has immediately followed 
a freezing rain, as the dry and thirsty soil drinks up the 
water as fast as the melting of the snow can produce it. I 
have seen eight inches of snow disappear so completely in 
twenty-four hours that one could walk out, “ across lots,” with 
thin shoes without moistening the feet. Owing to the coarse- 
ness of the sand, there is no dust, except a slight amount in 
very dry weather where the roads have been covered with 
clay or gravel.” 
Fogs are very rare; and the winds are about as in other 
parts of the Atlantic States. There are no definite statistics 
as to the proportion of bright, sunny days in the year, but 
they are rather more than in most parts of the Atlantic States. 
Accommodations: There are three large first-class hotels, 
and two smaller but good ones. Many excellent boarding- 
houses. Good facilities for renting or buying. The prices 
are about as at other health resorts; the place is popular and 
consequently prices are not low. For information apply to 
A. M. Bradshaw, Esq., Lakewood, N. J. 
The attractions are excellent drives and walks, good roads 
for cycling, rowboats on the lake, a golf club open to tempo- 26 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
rary subscribers or introduction of a member, tennis-courts at 
the hotels, frequent concerts, dramatic entertainments, etc., at 
the hotels. 
This region offers to those who caunot avail themselves of 
the high-altitude treatment, or on account of their condition 
it is contra-indicated, a refuge with the very decided advant- 
ages of an exceedingly dry, porous soil, the environment of 
pine forest, good accommodation and medical service, and easy 
accessibility from the great centres of population. “It is very 
exceptional for a patient with bronchial or pulmonary dis- 
eases not to derive some benefit, greater or less, from the 
change, and in many cases the benefit has seemed remarkable.” 
New Mexico. 
Albuquerque, Bernalillo Co. Elevation 5026 feet above 
sea-level. Situated in Bernalillo Co., in the north-central 
part of the State; population about 5000. The town rests 
upon a dry, sandy soil ; relative humidity about the same as 
Colorado. 
Rainfall for 1893, 7.42 inches; rainfall for 1894, 5.14 
inches; rainfall for January, 1895, 1.14 inches. Dew is 
rarely seen, hoar-frost occasionally in the coldest weather. 
Temperature: 1892. Maximum temperature 97° F.; mini- 
mum 15°. 1893. Maximum temperature 98° ; minimum 11°; 
mean 56.2°. 1894. Maximum temperature 95° ; minimum 
0°; mean 54.5° 1894. Meau range 28.4°; minimum for 
five months, March to July, 32°. 
Fogs are of very rare occurrence ; high winds are more 
frequent, especially in the spring and early summer months. 
For proportion of bright, sunny, clear days, there were for 
1893, clear days 193, partly cloudy 147 ; cloudy 15; for 
1894, clear days 211, partly cloudy 129, cloudy 25. Per- 
centage of clear days in 1893, 53 ; percentage of clear days 
in 1894, 58. Calling partly cloudy days as one-half sunshine, 
percentage of sunshine in 1893, 73; percentage of sunshine 
in 1894, 76. 
For accommodations there are good hotels and boarding- HEALTH RESORTS. 
27 
houses, also facilities for housekeeping. Expenses are higher 
here than in Eastern towns of the same size, and of necessity. 
Most articles of food are brought long distances by rail. 
Legal rate of interest (12 per cent.) makes rentals high. While 
many manage to live with a good degree of economy, no one 
should come expecting to find the comforts of home unless 
he is prepared to meet considerable expense. Rev. N. G. 
Alger is well informed in regard to accommodations. 
For out-of-door life there are beautiful walks and drives, 
on horseback, burroback, or in carriages, with pleasant river 
and mountain views. Lawn-tennis and games of that nature. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are the dryness and equability of the climate 
and temperature. 
Las Cruces. Situated in the southern portion of the State 
on the line of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. 
Elevation, 3800 feet. 
A warm and dry climate with a sandy soil. 
From July, 1893, to July, 1894, there were twenty cloudy 
days. There is no fog, and the average movement of the 
wind is 5J miles an hour. The extreme range of temperature 
is from 2° to 106° F. The average is said to be about 62°. 
The particular advantages claimed for this place as a health 
resort are: “The very mild winter climate; the absence of 
severe changes, dryness of the air, and sunny days.” 
The attractions are “ shooting,” good drives, and Mexican 
curiosities. 
Address for boarding-houses, etc., Messrs. F. C. Baker, J. 
K. Livingston, J. R. Schmidt, R. C. Haltou. 
Las Vegas. Elevation 6500 feet. (Many of the popular 
resorts in the mountains near by are from 7200 to 9000 feet 
in altitude.) 
Situated in the northern part of the State on the line ot 
the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad. 
The climate is a stimulating, dry mountain one, and the 28 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
soil constantly dry with natural drainage. The mean annual 
temperature is 41°, and the relative humidity about 45, being 
very low in winter and spring—as low as 20 in March. The 
mean maximum and minimum temperatures for the years 
1893 and 1894 are given as follows : 
1893. 
Max. 
Min. 
1894. 
Max. 
Min. 
January 
. 52° 
19° 
January 
. 46° 2 
0° 
February . 
. 46 
25 
February . 
. 41 
15 
March 
. 54 
27 
March 
. 55 
28 
April . 
. 64 
36 
April . 
. 66 
35 
May . 
. 71 
44 
May . 
. 73 
44 
June . 
. 84 
52 
June . 
. 78 
49 
July . 
. 83 
56 
July . 
. 81 
54 
August 
. 76 
55 
August 
. 77 
54 
September 
. 72 
47 
September. 
. 72 
45 
October 
. 65 
32 
October 
. 67 
38 
November. 
. 54 
26 
November . 
. 62 
28 
December . 
. 51 
23 
December . 
. 48 
22 
The annual rainfall for the five years from 1888 to 1894, 
inclusive, was 16.77 inches, more than half falling in July, 
August, and September. 
There are high winds in the cooler months about two-thirds 
of the year, generally the most prevalent the first four months 
of the year. There are no fogs. 
For the years 1892, 1893, 1894 there were 280 clear days, 
60 partly cloudy, and 25 cloudy per year. Many years’ sta- 
tistics at Fort Union nearby gave August the prominence as 
a cloudy month. 
The facilities for boarding and lodging are said to be fair. 
At the Hot Springs, five miles distant, is the Montezuma 
Hotel, a fine one, at present closed, but with a prospect of re- 
opening soon. There is no first-class hotel in the town itself, 
and very few boarding-houses. Most visitors lodge in one 
house and eat in another. Unfurnished rooms are to be had 
at from $10 to $20 a month, and board is from $6 to $7 per 
week. Furnished houses are at times to be had to rent, and 
unfurnished ones more often. It is difficult to obtain servants. 
Adin H. Whitmore, Mayor of East Las Vegas, can furnish 
definite information as to accommodations. HEALTH resorts. 
29 
East Las Vegas is a town of 2500 inhabitants, and has 
good schools, churches, an opera house, and a small hospital; 
there are street cars, city water, electric lights, etc. The 
out-of-door attractions are riding, and driving, and in winter 
skating. 
The particular advantages claimed for this place as a health 
resort are those of an elevated, dry, mountain climate. “ The 
summers in Las Vegas are simply divine, never hot or sti- 
fling, and the nights cool.” The chief disadvantage is the 
wind and dust in winter. The climate is suited for such cases 
of phthisis as are proper for high-altitude treatment. 
Santa Fe. Santa Fe is a city of about 7000 inhabitants, 
situated in the northern part of the State, and of an altitude 
of 7000 feet. 
The soil is porous, and the climate mild and equable as 
shown by the following data : 
Annual Mean for the Years 1885-92. 
1885 47.7° 
1886 47.6 
1887 49.0 
1888 48.4 
1889 49.8° 
1890 50.4 
1891 47.3 
1892 49.1 
January .... 28.3° 
February .... 31.7 
March 39.1 
April 45.5 
May 56.0 
June 65 4 
Monthly Mean. 
July 63.0° 
August 65.9 
September .... 59.0 
October 49.4 
November .... 36.7 
December .... 40.2 
For 1892 the average temperature was 49.1° ; the average 
relative humidity 43; average velocity of wind, miles per 
hour, 07.7; total rainfall 31.62; number of cloudless days 
248 ; number of fair days 97 ; number of cloudy days 29. 
From January 1, 1893, to August 15, 3 898, the number of 
cloudless days was 345 ; number of fair or partly cloudy 64; 
number of cloudy days 19. 
There are no fogs. The worst winds are from March 15th 
to April 15th, when they are high and steady, but usually of 
short duration. 30 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
For accommodations, houses, etc., one is referred to Col. 
Max Frost, Santa Fe, New Mexico. There are two hotels 
with low weekly rates for permanent guests. The “ St. Vin- 
cent Sanitarium ” is also very well spoken of. 
There is an abundance of hunting and fishing in the moun- 
tains near-by. Fruit-farming, stock-raising, opportunities for 
out-of-door games. Various social entertainments and amuse- 
ments, concerts, classes, and clubs for the study of the Spanish 
language. 
The characteristics of this region are its porous soil, dry, 
rarefied air, large amount of sunshine, slight variation of 
temperature only between the extremes of heat and cold, and 
the invigorating quality of the air. “ It is a land of sunshine” 
and “extremes are unknown.” 
New York. 
Richfield Springs. Situated in the eastern central portion 
of the State, south of Utica; 1800 feet above sea-level. 
The soil is gravel and loam, and becomes quickly dry after 
showers. 
The average temperature during the summer is about 76°. 
The prevailing winds in summer are westerly and south- 
westerly. The town is protected from high winds by hills of 
from 300 to 800 feet high surrounding it on all sides except 
the south, the town being situated at the head of a valley. 
Fogs occur very rarely in the early morning. 
For the most part the days are bright and clear. There 
are rather frequent thunder-showers. 
There are many first-class boarding-houses and hotels, 
varying in price from $6 per week to $4 a day. Also facil- 
ities for renting and buying comfortable houses. The expense 
of housekeeping is reasonable. For particulars apply to 
Melvin Fuller, Richfield Springs, In. Y. 
There are excellent roads for driving, riding, and cycling, 
golf, tennis, boating and fishing on Canadarago Lake three- 
quarters of a mile from the village. 
This is a summer resort, and the particular advantages are HEALTH RESORTS. 
31 
the sulphur springs and the pure, invigorating climate. 
There is a large and perfectly equipped bathing establishment 
for the scientific administration of these waters, under the 
personal direction of a competent physician. The waters are 
especially applicable to the treatment of rheumatism, gout, 
and allied conditions. 
Saratoga Springs. Elevation, the highest point above tide- 
water within the village-limits is 418 feet. Situated in the 
east-central part of the State in a pleasant sandy valley, it 
has naturally a very dry soil. Temperature monthly normals 
as follows: January, 21°; February, 22°; March, 30°; 
April, 44° ; May, 58° ; June, 68° ; July, 72° ; August, 70° ; 
September, 62° ; October, 50°; November, 37° ; December, 
25°. 
The mean daily range at Saratoga during the year is about 
20° ; the average daily maximum temperature is found by 
adding half the daily range to the monthly normals, the 
minimum by subtracting the same. 
No observations of humidity in Saratoga have been kept, 
but it is claimed that Saratoga, from a climatic standpoint, is 
in the Champlain and not in the Hudson region, and the 
former is well known as the dryest section of the State. 
High winds are almost unknown in Saratoga, and fogs are 
very infrequent, sometimes a few in the early spring. No 
record of bright, sunny days has been kept, but there is a 
large per cent, in favor of this place over any other section of 
the State. 
Saratoga is too well known to say anything about its hotels 
or boarding-houses; they are first-class. There are many fine 
houses to rent, also ones of moderate price; the expense of 
keeping house is about the same as elsewhere. Address in 
regard to accommodations II. F. Knapp and Lester Bros., 
Arcade Building, Saratoga Springs. 
For out-of-door attractions there are beautiful drives (with 
excellent roads), parks with music, hops in the season, etc. 
The town has all modern conveniences, excellent water, the 32 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
streets are macadamized, sidewalks, and plenty of shade-trees. 
Electric road to lake, four miles distant, and to all outlying 
springs; the best of schools, both public and private, and 
churches of all the leading denominations. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its dry atmosphere, with cool nights and 
warm days in summer ; its early spring, due to the sandy soil, 
its freedom from winds and fogs, and its many and varied 
mineral springs. 
Sharon Springs. Situated in the east-central portion of 
New York, in a valley 1200 feet above the level of the sea. 
The soil is of a limestone formation, and there is natural 
drainage. The air is pure, bracing, and dry. High wiuds 
are rare and fogs almost unknown. During the summer a 
large proportion of the days are bright and sunny. 
There are a number of first-class hotels and boarding-houses 
from $7 to $21 per week. There are a few houses to rent for 
housekeeping, and a number of furnished cottages connected 
with the hotels. One is referred to John H. Gardner & Son, 
Sharon Springs, N. Y., for information upon this subject. 
The attractions are riding, driving, various outdoor sports, 
and the amusements common in a summer community. 
The sulphur springs and baths are the especial attractions 
of this place, together with a pleasant summer climate, free 
from malaria. It is a summer-resort only. The bathing- 
establishments are large and complete, and the methods of 
using the sulphur water are the same as at Aix les Bains, 
Marlioz, and Allenard. A competent physician is in constant 
attendance to direct the application of the waters. They are 
especially applicable to rheumatism, gout, skin and nervous 
diseases, nasal catarrh, and other affections of the upper 
respiratory tract. 
Saranac Lake. Situated iu the Adirondack Mountains in 
the northeastern part of the State, from 1540 to 1750 feet 
above sea-level. HEALTH RESORTS. 
33 
The soil is sandy and very porous and in twenty-four hours 
after a heavy rain the roads become dusty. During the sum- 
mer there are frequent rains and in consequence there is more 
or less moisture in the air. For four months in the winter it 
is very dry and cold. * 
The annual mean temperature is 42.5° F.; highest monthly 
mean 66.3°, in July; lowest monthly mean 13.4°, in Febru- 
ary. Maximum 91°, minimum 32°, annual range 123°, 
mean daily range 23°. 
Rainfall: Number of days in which 0.01 or more inches 
fell 125; total for year 34.71. Greatest monthly fall 5.06 in 
June. Least monthly 0.75 in April. Total snowfall 85.5. 
Fogs are very rare. In summer there are sudden severe 
winds. In winter there is an average of about one windy 
day in ten. 
About three days in every five are sunny. Number of 
clear days 132; number of partly cloudy 104; number of 
cloudy 129. 
Good hotels open during the summer abound. In winter 
the hotels in the village, including the “Ampersand,” remain 
open. There are a number of good boarding-houses at vari- 
ous prices. Cottages can be bought or rented, but are some- 
what expensive : unfurnished $30 to $70 a month ; furnished 
$75 to $150. Suites of two to four rooms can be rented very 
much more cheaply. One is referred to J. Reginald Foster, 
Saranac Lake, who will answer inquiries regarding these 
matters. 
There are fishing and hunting in the season, fair roads for 
driving, sleighing for three months every year; a library in 
the town. 
The advantages of this region as a health resort are a dry 
soil, pure air, with a considerable amount of sunshine ; cold, 
dry, stimulating winter climate, and ease of accessibility from 
the larger cities of the east—eleven hours from New York. 
The Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium is 1| miles from the 
village of Saranac Lake, and accommodates 80 patients. It 
is built on the cottage plan, each cottage holding from 2 to 5 34 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
patients. Here is a large, open-air, billiard, pool, and recrea- 
tion hall. Only patients in the incipient stages of tubercu- 
losis are received, or when in the opinion of the examining 
physician the disease may be arrested in more advanced cases. 
The charges are $5 a week ; persons who can pay higher are 
not received. About 25 per cent, of all cases are discharged 
u apparently cured in 25 per cent, the disease is arrested ; 
in 25 per cent, improved; and in 25 per cent, unimproved. 
It is open the whole year. Patients do better and feel better 
during the winter months. 
North Carolina. 
Hot Springs. Elevation 1325 feet above sea-level. Situ- 
ated in the western part of the State. 
It has a dry, porous soil, so much so that rain disappears 
almost immediately after falling. The diurnal ranges of the 
thermometer are very small, the average humidity is 66 per 
cent. There are very seldom high winds, and fogs are only 
occasionally seen on the tops of the mountains. 
The meteorological record kept for the United States Signal 
Service shows that out of 153 days (from July 1st to Decem- 
ber 1st), 108 days were clear, 32 fair, 4 cloudy, and 9 rainy, 
permitting the most confirmed invalid to enjoy being out of 
doors all, or nearly all, day, for 140 days, and being confined 
to the house but 13 days in five months. The same record 
shows for the following winter that of the 182 days of the 
six months from November to April, inclusive, 150 days were 
clear and fair, and 32 days cloudy or rainy, and that the aver- 
age mean temperature during these months was 46.9° and 
the humidity 70.7. 
For accommodations there are one first-class hotel, two 
comfortable boarding-houses, and a good many simple wooden 
cottages. The living is inexpensive. Dr. Dorland and Prof. 
Smith (teachers at Dorland Institute), also Mrs. Swaine or 
Mr. Shaw, all of Hot Springs, can give information in regard 
to boarding accommodations. 
For out-of-door sports there are drives, and good oppor- HEALTH RESORTS. 
35 
tunities for climbiug, tennis, swimming-pool in summer, 
mineral baths, massage, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its dry atmosphere, the small daily ranges of 
temperature, and the absence of fogs and winds. The clem- 
ency of the weather enabling and inducing patients to spend 
the greater part of the day out of doors is also a great attrac- 
tion in favor of the healthfulness of this region. 
Southern Pines and Pinebluff. Situated seventy-five miles 
southwest of Raleigh, they are in the heart of the pine-belt of 
North Carolina. The former is a well-established resort. The 
soil is exceedingly porous, the air pure and invigorating, much 
warmer than points at the same latitude to the westward and 
sufficiently removed from the coast to avoid all dampness. 
Southern Pines has a large and well-conducted hotel. Pine- 
bluff is a new resort and affords accommodations at more rea- 
sonable rates. 
Simple cottages have been erected at Pinebluff which may 
be rented with or without board. They are neatly furnished 
and will be rented at $50 for the season or $20 per month. 
Excellent table-board can be had not exceeding $5 to $6 per 
week, or for a small additional charge meals will be sent to 
cottages. This plan, where there are two or more persons 
coming together, offers many advantages, combining home com- 
forts, quietness, absolute rest where necessary, and cheapness 
of living. Reached by Seaboard Air Line Railroad. For 
additional information address J. T. Patrick, Pinebluff, N. C. 
See also Vol. III. of the Transactions of this Association. 
Pennsylvania. 
Kane, McKean Co. Situated in northern Pennsylvania, 
in the highland region, at an elevation of‘ 2000 feet. It is 
dryer than any other part of Pennsylvania, and is on the 
watershed between the Ohio and Susquehanna River systems. 
The surface of the country is diversified, rough and moun- 
tainous in many places in the extreme, and in most places 36 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
still covered with forests to the top of the mountain. The 
forests consist largely of hemlock, with here and there some 
pine, while there are many ridges timbered with beech, birch, 
and maple. The occupation of the inhabitants is varied, con- 
sisting in a limited degree of agricultural pursuits, and to a 
large extent of manufacturing and the production of petro- 
leum. Population 4000. 
The soil is sandy and absorbent. 
Mean Max. Temperature. 
June 75° 
July 80 
August 77 
September . ... 73 
Mean Min. Temperature. 
June 52° 
July 55 
August 53 
September . . . .52 
The humidity is low. Sometimes the winds are high, but 
there are no fogs. There are no valleys. The proportion of 
clear and cloudy days is as follows : 
1894. 
Clear. 
Partly Cloudy. 
Cloudy. 
April 
. 12 
7 
11 
May 
7 
14 
June 
. 16 
10 
4 
July 
8 
4 
August .... 
. 17 
12 
2 
September 
. 9 
13 
8 
There is one good hotel open all the year, besides a few 
houses for rent. For particulars address C. H. Kemp, Thom- 
son House, Kane. The attractions are the ordinary ones of a 
mountain region. 
The particular advantages of this region are its easy access- 
ibility, moderate elevation, stimulating climate, dry and there- 
fore permeable soil, extensive forests, a clear sky, and ample 
opportunities for out-of-door life. 
Eagle’s Mere, Sullivan Co. An agreeable, cool, summer 
resort; elevation 2060 feet Boating and bathing in the 
lake are the chief attractions. There are four hotels, and good 
cottages can be rented. Address Captain E. S. Chase. 
Mount Pocono and Pocono Summit, Monroe Co. Elevation 
1700 to 2000 feet. There is great dryness of air and soil, 
and for four months in the year there is an agreeable climate. HEALTH RESORTS. 
37 
The mountain-side is covered with a scant forest and a pro- 
fusion of laurel and rhododendrons. While the forests have 
been devastated in many sections, large tracts still exist com- 
posed of white and yellow pine, hemlock, spruce, and balsam. 
On the Naomi Pines property, 4} miles west of Pocono Sum- 
mit Station, there is at present a tract of about one hundred 
acres of white pine—the primitive forest. 
As proof of the dryness of the atmosphere, it is stated that, 
as a rule, the grass will be entirely free from dew on summer 
nights as late as eleven o’clock. 
See also Vol. III. of the Transactions of this Association. 
Temperature at Naomi Pines, Pocono Summit, Pa. 
Recorded by W. A. Caret, M.D. 
Date. 
July, 1894. 
August, 1894. 
8 A.M. 
12 m. 
8 P.M. 
8 A.M. 
12 M. 
8 P.M. 
1 
66° 
78° 
64° 
2 
64 
70 
64 
3 
66 
72 
66 
4 
70° 
74° 
58° 
56 
60 
56 
5 
56 
70 
58 
54 
64 
56 
6 
60 
64 
58 
58 
70 
60 
7 
58 
60 
52 
60 
74 
62 
8 
50 
56 
50 
68 
78 
64 
9 
50 
56 
46 
64 
70 
62 
10 
56 
64 
60 
60 
66 
54 
11 
64 
72 
62 
64 
70 
54 
12 
66 
72 
68 
54 
52 
48 
13 
72 
80 
70 
56 
68 
60 
14 
72 
74 
66 
60 
70 
58 
15 
64 
72 
64 
62 
78 
60 
16 
66 
72 
64 
56 
64 
54 
17 
68 
74 
68 
50 
68 
50 
18 
68 
80 
68 
60 
72 
64 
19 
68 
82 
72 
68 
72 
64 
20 
68 
84 
74 
58 
62 
56 
21 
72 
78 
74 
48 
60 
50 
22 
60 
62 
80 
48 
66 
54 
23 
60 
66 
60 
58 
78 
62 
24 
60 
64 
60 
60 
80 
64 
25 
66 
78 
68 
60 
78 
68 
26 
68 
80 
72 
60 
72 
64 
27 
70 
84 
70 
54 
70 
60 
28 
72 
86 
72 
60 
74 
60 
29 
72 
84 
62 
52 
72 
54 
30 
66 
74 
64 
60 
66 
56 
31 
68 
80 
67 
50 
64 
50 
Average 
64° 
72° 
57° 
58.5° 
68.3° 
58.6° 
July. 23 perfectly clear days ; prevailing winds northwest. 
August. 17 perfectly clear days ; 2 rainy. 
9 partly clear days; 3 showery days. 
Mount Pocono is three hours by rail from New York, and five hours from Phila- 
delphia. Address the “ Wiscassett,” Pocono Mountain House, or “ Swiftwater.” 38 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
South Carolina. 
Aiken. Elevation 565 feet. Situated in the southwestern 
part of the State, on the South Carolina and Georgia Rail- 
road, 120 miles from Charleston and 17 miles from Augusta, 
south, being only twenty-two and a half hours from New York. 
Ga. Aiken is within easy access from all points north and 
The climate is temperate during the season ; the prevailing 
wind is from the southwest. Aiken is to be classed in the 
moderately dry climates; sunshine is one of its most impor- 
tant factors. From November 1st to May 1st the average 
number of rainy and cloudy days is 27 ; all the rest clear 
and fair. There are occasional fogs in the fall in early morn- 
ing, but they are gone by 9 a.m. There are also high winds 
occasionally. 
Meterological Record takes at Aiken, S. C. 
By a Voluntary Observer, United States Signal Service. 
Lat. 33° 32'; long. 81° 34'; altitude, 565 feet; period of observation, 1888 to 1894. 
Mean 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Apr. 
7 A.M. 
48.33 
42.48 
41.28 
44.41 
49.55 
57.23 
Mean temperature 
for months at 
hours of 
2 P.M. 
61.47 
57.05 
52.67 
56.84 
59.80 
71.78 
9 P.M. 
52.69 
48.02 
44.54 
49.92 
53.36 
53.26 
51.89 53. 70 
53.54 
48.89 
45.75 
50.27 
' 54.02 
58.88 
Mean tempera- 
ture of months 
(7+2+9+9)^4. 
55.30 
50.71 
47.87 
52.01 
52.03 
64.33 
Mean tempera- 
ture from 
max. and min. 
29. 573 
to to to to to to 
CD CO cO c© CO CO 
Cji Oi OS CJi Ol 
CO to I—'> to 
•*4 +*■ tO CJi O 05 
Mean barome- 
ter. 
s.w. 
vv.&s.w. 
N.E. 
S.W. 
s.w. 
s.w. 
Direction of pre- 
vailing wind. 
58.73 
59.65 
58.58 
63.17 
60.31 
57.90 
52.78 
Mean relative 
humidity. 
27 
26 
23 
24 
26 
29 
Average number 
of clear days. 
to CD 00 OI CO 
Average number 
of rainy and 
cloudy days. 
1.33 
2.65 
4. 68 
4.35 
6.07 
2.33 
Mean rainfall in 
inches. 
These observations were taken with U. S. Signal Service instruments, and accord- 
ing to their regulations, thermometers being exposed on north side of the house, in 
the shade, and protected from reflected sun rays. 
The accommodations of Aiken are excellent; the Highland 
Park Hotel is first-class, well constructed and well equipped, HEALTH RESORTS. 
39 
and accommodates 300 guests. The boarding-houses are 
numerous, and superior board can be obtained in them from 
$8 to $15 per week. There are always plenty of houses to 
rent, all furnished. When people do not wish a whole house 
they can rent two or three rooms with kitchen. 
There are good schools and churches, and it is proposed 
soon to have a sanitarium arranged for diseases of the lungs, 
For out-of-door attractions there are fine golf and polo 
grounds, race-track, fox-hunting, quail-shooting, tennis, fine 
drives, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this place as a health 
resort are the dryness of atmosphere, with a great amount of 
sunshine and clear days; there is no dust, and the air is laden 
with balsamic odors from the numerous forests of pines sur- 
rounding the town. 
For further information upon the effects of the climate, 
particularly in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, one 
is referred to papers by the late W. II. Geddings, M.D., in 
the Medical Record, New York, November 15, 1879, October 
30 and November 6, 1880, October 3 and 10, 1885, and De- 
cember 22, 1888, and in Vol. III. of the Transactions of 
this Association. 
Camden. Elevation between 150 and 200 feet above sea- 
level. Situated in the north-central part of the State, about 
thirty miles from Columbia. Camden is easy of access, being 
only twenty hours from New York. 
It is in the piney-wood, sandhill region of the State, and 
has nearly 3000 inhabitants. The soil is very dry and por- 
ous. Immediately after a heavy shower and for some time 
after a continued rain the roads are not wet, the water soak- 
ing so quickly into the sandy soil. 
Temperature for thirty-one years : Mean spring temperature 
61.90° ; summer, 79.32° ; autumn, 62.26° ; winter, 45.16°. 
Average annual rainfall for twenty years, 42.22 inches. The 
prevailing winds are south and southwest. In February and 40 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
March there are some high winds, but generally the air is 
remarkably dry, soft, and balmy. 
Camden has a sunny climate ; the exact number of sunny, 
clear days not obtainable. 
The accommodations of Camden are excellent, there being 
a number of boarding-houses, besides “The Hobkirk Inn,” 
which is a well-kept house. For renting or buying houses 
information can be obtained from W. E. Johnson, Esq., and 
P. H. Nelson, Esq. 
For out-of-door attractions there are fox, quail, and deer- 
hunting, tennis, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its dry, balmy, bracing air, with conditions 
favorable for continual out-of-door life, and the depth of 
sandy soil, which insures good drainage. 
Summerville. Elevation 75 feet above sea-level. Situated 
in the southeastern part of the State, twenty-two miles from 
Charleston. Summerville is easy of access, being connected 
by the South Carolina Railroad from Charleston, Augusta, 
and Columbia, and being but twenty-four hours from New 
York. There are about 3000 inhabitants. 
It has a sandy soil, overlying a clay subsoil; its surface is 
slightly hilly, and there is no stagnant water. The streets are 
dry in a few hours after the heaviest rainfall. The average 
temperature for sixteen years has been 71.6° maximum and 
58.9° minimum. Its mean rainfall for nineteen years was 
56.76 inches. There are never high winds, except in the ease 
of a cyclone. 
The proportion of bright, sunny days is said to be over 
nine-tenths. 
For accommodations there are two first-class hotels, one 
“ The Pine Forest Inn,” and plenty of boarding-houses. The 
postmaster of Summerville, Capt. James O. Tadd, will fur- 
nish any information in regard to accommodations. 
For out-of-door sports there are hunting, fishing, and visits 
to interesting points in the vicinity, tennis, etc. HEALTH RESORTS. 
41 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its dry soil and pine forests, its equable tem- 
perature, and freedom from the enervating heat peculiar to 
points further south. It is also the only place of the kind 
where the pines are protected by law, and where they are 
thickly scattered throughout the town instead of bordering 
upon it. 
Tennessee. 
Chattanooga. Elevation 762 feet. The surrounding moun- 
tains are higher in elevation, such as Missionary Ridge, 1320 
feet, and Lookout Mountain, 2160 feet, both of which points 
are easy of access. 
Chattanooga has about 50,000 inhabitants, and is situated 
on the southern bank of the Tennessee River, on the extreme 
southeastern border of the State. 
The scenery in and around Chattanooga is ever varying and 
beautiful, the air is exhilarating and invigorating, and of 
great purity. The soil is dry and loamy ; everywhere excel- 
lent drainage. Maximum daily temperature 101°, minimum 
7° below zero. 
There are occasional winds and fogs, but the city is so sur- 
rounded with mountains that it is greatly shielded in this way. 
The accommodations of Chattanooga are excellent. One of 
the fine hotels of the South is “Lookout Inn,” on Lookout 
Mountain, open all the year. There are also numerous 
boarding-houses and rooms in private houses. Dr. W. A. 
Applegate will be glad to furnish any information in regard 
to accommodations. 
The relative average annual humidity is 71 per cent., and 
the average annual number of clear days is 117, fair 147, and 
cloudy 101. 
For out-of-door attractions there are beautiful drives, built 
by the government, to the Battlefield Park at Chickamauga, 
also fine country roads good for bicycle-riding, etc. Good 
boating and fishing on the Tennessee River. 
The particular advantages claimed for Chattanooga are the 42 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
temperate climate—there are no very sudden severe changes ; 
the large number of sunny days iu which the invalid can 
remain out of doors, and the invigorating effect of the air. 
Texas. 
Boerne. Boerne is situated in southwestern Texas, thirty 
miles northwest of the city of San Antonio, on the San 
Antonio and Arkansas Pass Railroad. It has a population of 
800, and has an average altitude of 1550 feet. 
The soil is composed of gravel and sand with occasional 
streaks of adobe, and a substratum of porous limestone. The 
drainage is good, both on account of the slope and the porous 
character of the soil. 
The average temperature at noon for spring is 73.8° ; 
summer, 85.3°; autumn, 69.5°; winter, 62.7°. The maxi- 
mum daily temperature is 68.74° ; the minimum daily tem- 
perature is 59.71°. 
The mean relative humidity is from 72 to 66, and the 
annual rainfall about 30 inches. The mean daily barometer 
28.44, not reduced to sea-level. Occasionally during the 
winter months there is a sudden fall in temperature during 
the prevalence of a “ Norther this fall depends on the 
velocity of the wind and ranges from 5° to 25°, and lasts from 
a few hours to three or four days. 
The windfall is light, from the south and southeast, the 
velocity ranging from 4 to 7 miles an hour, and occasionally 
increasing from 14 to 25 miles during a “ Norther.” There 
are a few light morning fogs in the late autumn and winter, 
not exceeding a total of eight days in the year. The average 
number of sunny days is 285, and of cloudy 80. The num- 
ber of days in which there is more or less sunshine, and in 
which an invalid can be out of doors, is 355. 
There are no first-class hotels, but a number of fairly good 
ones. There are good boarding-houses both in the town and 
a few miles from it. Many ranches in the neighborhood also 
take boarders. The price of board and room at the hotels and 
boarding-houses is from $20 to $40 a month. Houses in the HEALTH RESORTS. 
43 
town can nearly always be rented for from $5 to $20 per 
month, the latter price being for plainly furnished houses of 
four to five rooms. Good facilities exist for housekeeping, 
and living is cheap. Particulars can be obtained from Mr. 
H. Graham, Boerne, Texas. 
The attractions are all out-of-doors, riding, driving, hunt- 
ing, and fishing. San Antonio, the largest city in the State, 
is within an hour’s ride by rail. 
This region affords a dry, moderately warm, equable climate, 
a dry soil with good natural drainage, a large number of bright, 
sunny days, and freedom from dust-storms. There are very few 
days in the year unsuitable for out-of-door exercise. The alti- 
tude (from 1500 to 1670 feet) insures pure and bracing air. 
Utah. 
Salt Lake City. Altitude 3500 to 6000 feet with higher 
points conveniently accessible. The altitude of Salt Lake 
City is 4348 feet above sea-level. 
For average temperature, relative humidity, number of 
clear days, etc., see following table : 
Aver’ge 
mean 
temp. 
Aver’ge 
max. 
temp 
Aver’ge 
min. 
temp. 
Relative 
humidity 
per cent. 
Average 
number 
clear and 
fair 
days. 
Prevail- 
ing 
winds. 
Rain 
(inches). 
January 
] 28.7°F. 
48.8°F. 
—6.1°F. 
59.4 
19.8 
S.E. 
1.33 
February 
33.0 
50.9 
—3.0 
57.2 
18.3 
S.E. 
1.37 
March 
41.7 
63.9 
21.6 
49.1 
20.5 
S.E. 
2. 01 
April . 
48.7 
71.7 
29.7 
46.6 
20.2 
N.W. 
2.44 
May . 
57.2 
83.3 
35.6 
40.6 
23.7 
N.W. 
2.14 
June . 
67.7 
94.2 
46.9 
32.6 
26.9 
N.W. 
0. 67 
July . 
75.2 
95.0 
51.6 
30.1 
28.3 
N.W. 
0.59 
August 
74.1 
95.0 
49.3 
31.5 
28.1 
S.E. 
0.84 
September 
64.0 
87.5 
53.1 
32.8 
27.3 
N.W. 
0.85 
October 
51.1 
75.8 
28.1 
43.0 
24.4 
N.W. 
1.81 
November 
39.0 
61.4 
18.8 
52.1 
21.5 
N.W. 
1.47 
December 
32.6 
51.6 
9.6 
60.6 
18.2 
N.W. 
1.48 
Winter 
31.4 
50.4 
0.2 
59.0 
56.3 
S.E. 
4.18 
Spring 
42.5 
72.9 
28.9 
45.4 
64.4 
N.W. 
6. 59 
Summer 
71.3 
94 7 
49.2 
31.4 
83.3 
N.W. 
2.04 
Autumn 
51.3 
74.9 
30.0 
42.9 
73.2 
N.W. 
4.13 
Year . 
49.5 
41.6 
277.2 
N.W. 
16. 94 
This table shows a period of observations extending from 1874 to 1884, inclusive. 
This region has an exceptionally cool and equable climate, 
the seasonal changes in the temperature being so gradual 44 
HEALTH RESORTS. 
and the air so dry that neither the heat of summer nor the 
cold of winter produces the unpleasant effect that it other- 
wise might. There are very few high winds, and an entire 
absence of cyclones and hurricanes. 
During the last few years Salt Lake City has grown from 
an old-fashioned village into a lovely modern city of 70,000 
inhabitants, with paved streets and walks, an efficient sanitary 
system, a good electric street-car service, a perfect system of 
water-works, sewerage, etc. 
Fine hotels, theatres, stores, and residences have taken the 
place of the old buildings. The bathing facilities have been 
greatly improved and are very fine. There is the “ Salt Lake 
Hot Springs Sanitarium,” to which the Sulphur Springs 
water is carried in pipes, and where all kinds of sulphur baths 
may be taken. There is also the “Salt Air Bathing Resort,” 
one of the finest salt-water bathing resorts in the world. 
For references in regard to boarding-houses, etc., refer to 
F. A. Harris, 734 Owen Street, Salt Lake City, and J. H. 
Bacon, Grand Hotel. 
For out-of-door attractions there are those always found at 
an altitude resort, and hunting, fishing, salt-water bathing, etc. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are the dryness and equability of the soil and 
temperature, the large amount of sunshine, and the absence 
of high winds. Coupled also with the climatic advantages 
offered the health-seeker in Utah, there are excellent oppor- 
tunities for home-seekers and investors, especially to those 
who want a place where the business conditions are not only 
favorable, but where they can also enjoy while at work pure, 
wholesome air. 
See also Vol. VII. Transactions of this Association. 
Islands of Bermuda (English). 
Elevation, highest point of land on the Islands, 262 feet 
above high water the chief town, Hamilton, about 20 feet 
above sea-level. 
The Bermuda Islands lie 700 miles southeast of New York HEALTH RESORTS. 
45 
and about 600 miles from the nearest point on the American 
coast. They are about in the latitude of Charleston, S. C., 
and so are not subject to extreme heats, while the Gulf Stream, 
passing between them and the American Coast, protects them 
entirely from the cold winds and storms which visit even the 
most Southern of the United States in the winter months. 
Frost and snow are absolutely unknown in Bermuda. 
The soil is composed entirely of a porous coral rock, which 
absorbs all rainfall at once ; there are no fresh water-ponds, 
marshes, or damp places of any kind. 
In summer the temperature hardly ever exceeds 87°, and 
in winter is never lower than 50° ; and the temperature of the 
winter months is remarkably equable, with a daily variation 
of not more than 8° or 10°. The humidity is high, not far 
from 90°. For more than two-thirds of the year the days 
are bright and sunny. 
For accommodations there are two large hotels, “The Ham- 
ilton ” and “ The Princess,” both first class in every respect. 
There are also many private boarding-houses throughout the 
Islands, all kept by most respectable people, and the terms are 
very reasonable. Addresses of some of the boarding-houses 
in the town of Hamilton : A. Paschal, American House ; W. 
Bradley, Windsor House ; Miss F. Smith, Victoria Lodge ; 
Miss Edgar, The Brunswick ; Miss Bennett, Dorchester 
Lodge. 
The facilities for enjoying outdoor life are abundant and 
varied. There are many miles of perfect coral roads and the 
drives are picturesque and delightful. There is unlimited scope 
for the enjoyment of riding, driving, bicycling, rowing, sailing, 
fishing, and bathing, and there are also numerous excursions 
to points of interest that can be made by both land and water. 
The particular advantages claimed for this region as a 
health resort are its equable climate and temperature, and its 
freedom from malaria and fogs, which, with the picturesque 
beauty of its scenery and its unique departure in appearance 
from anything to be found elsewhere, make it, in short, an 
ideal winter resort.