THE BOTANICAL NAMES OF THE U. S. PHARMA- 
COPOEIA. 
[reprinted from the BULLETIN OF PHARMACY, JULY, 1892.] 
BY HENRY H. RUSBY, M.D. 
In offering for discussion this revision of the botani- 
cal names of our Pharmacopoeia, I wish to remind you 
that there are several distinct questions involved, and to 
emphasize the importance of considering and deciding 
each of these questions upon its own merits, unbiased 
by considerations of the related questions. 
My revision refers only to the botanical names con- 
tained in the definitions, not extending to the titles 
proper. For example, we have the title Brayera, the 
corrected definition of which will be “ The female inflor- 
escence of Hagenia Abyssinica (Bruce) Gmelin.” Now 
it is suggested that it is inconsistent to use the title 
Brayera after finding that the botanical name is really 
not Brayera, but Hagenia; and some claim that we 
should change the name Brayera in the title as well as in 
the definition. The same rule would require us to 
change the titles Asafoetida, Aspidium, Calumba, Carda- 
momum, Chimaphila, Cimicifuga, Cinchona, Gaultheria, 
Leptandra, Myristica, Prinos, Prunus Virginiana, Quas- 
sia, and possibly some others. My own feeling is that 
this is not advisable, and not in accordance with the 
instructions of the Convention. The titles and the 
names of the definitions stand on entirely different 
planes. The title is the common or working name of an 
article or product used by us and is common property, 
its whole object and design being our convenience and 
the safety of the public. This is a sufficient reason for 
not making changes in such titular names. But I will 
say further that it is not true that another name in the 
title would be any more accurate from a scientific point 2 
of view, because such titles are not in any sense scientific 
names. They are names used in our art, which may or 
may not agree with the names of the plants from which 
the articles are derived. 
The names of the definition, on the other hand, are 
in no sense our property. Such a name pertains only to 
botanical science, and its object is to inform us, with the 
greatest possible scientific accuracy and precision, as to 
the name by which botanists designate the plant from 
which our article is derived. We have no right to make 
such names for ourselves, or to make use of those names 
which are not approved by the science with whose usages 
we should be at the most perfect agreement. In other 
words, we should, at each revision, make in the names of 
the definitions whatever changes are necessary to keep 
pace with the advance of botanical science, and we 
should understand clearly that in this there is no incon- 
venience to us involved, so long as the titles remain un- 
changed. It is with this view that I contribute the fol- 
lowing to our knowledge of the names of our official 
plants: 
As you will see, there are a number of names con- 
cerning which I have not been able to reach a decision, 
in some cases through lack of time, in others because 
this country does not afford the facilities required. I 
am still at work on these knotty points, and hope ulti- 
mately to settle all of them, and I earnestly solicit the 
advice and assistance of the members in every case 
where such can be rendered. 
The several questions raised are as follows: 
1. To what genus does the plant belong? 
2. What species of the genus is it? 
3. What are the proper names of this genus and 
this species ? 
4. How shall we cite the author or authors ? 
It is quite true that there is no official and authori- 
tative reply to the first question. Each botanist is at 3 
liberty to unite several related genera, to hold them 
separate, or to make each of them into several others. 
Botanical science has not yet reached the point of 
possessing an authoritative council which shall pro- 
nounce upon such questions. So we are obliged to 
choose among the classifications presented. At present 
we have but one such modern classification which applies 
to our work, namely, the Genera Plantarum of Bentham 
and Hooker. Another, and probably more rational one, 
is in progress of preparation by Messrs. Engler & Prantl, 
and another by Baillon, but neither is yet completed. If 
our plants were all American, I should say, follow that 
American author whom we suppose to know most about 
American plants. But as we draw from the universal 
flora, so we must follow an author in the universal field, 
and Bentham and Hooker constitute our only one. 
Question number two is even more difficult to an- 
swer. The differences of opinion among different 
botanists as to uniting several species are too great for 
us to indulge a hope of seeing an agreement. The de- 
cision of this point must therefore rest largely with our- 
selves, judging from our own knowledge of the plants 
and the weight of authority. Unfortunately we are not 
in a position in this country, in many cases, to form a 
judgment, as we are sadly deficient in collections of 
specimens of foreign medicinal plants. We must to a 
great extent follow European authorities regarding 
species limits. 
Our position concerning the third question, “Which 
shall we adopt of several names which have been ap- 
plied to the same genus or species?” is one which does 
not properly admit of dispute. Those who have followed 
this subject are aware that there are few plants which 
have not had more than one name applied to them, and 
that we cannot avoid making a decision concerning these. 
They are also aware that a selection cannot be made at 
random, for in a majority of cases it is determined by, or 4 
affects, our decision in some other case, so that consist- 
ency is an absolute essential. It was early seen that the 
most disastrous and inextricable confusion would be cer- 
tain, unless the botanists of the world should agree upon a 
set of principles and rules for getting the system of names, 
simplified and keeping it so. Hence the famous Inter- 
national Botanical Congress was held at Paris in 1867, 
and here was formulated the only set of rules which 
were ever so adopted, and of course the only ones now 
in existence for our guidance. Upon their return from 
this Congress, some of the members found that these 
rules involved an amount of personal inconvenience to 
them greater than they had counted upon, and which 
they were unwilling to undergo. They trusted to their 
personal following to influence custom in opposition to 
the rules formulated and agreed upon. But as a distinc- 
tively personal influence of this kind dies with the in- 
dividuals, the demoralization so produced could not be 
permanent. Only by the formulation of another set of 
rules, that is by organizing an opposition, could a separ- 
ate set of names be permanently maintained. But this 
could not be done. Every rational attempt tended 
straight toward the rules already in force. Departure 
from these was purely individual, and several individuals 
were likely to depart in different directions, thus increas- 
ing the confusion. To-day, therefore, there is little 
difference of opinion as to the advisability of adhering 
to the rules of the Paris Congress, under which rules this 
revision has been made. The central principle involved 
is that no name has a right to supersede the first name 
properly given to a plant, starting from the year 1737 for 
genera and 1753 for species. 
An absurdity is involved in a strict adherence to 
these rules, which it is hoped will be avoided by com- 
mon agreement to amend. It is the duplicating of a 
name in the species and the genus. For instance, Linn£ 
called a plant Anethum fxniculum. It was afterward 5 
found necessary to transfer the species to the genus 
Foeniculum, and as it must carry its specific name 
with it, it becomes Foeniculum foeniculum. The same 
rule would make Taraxacum Taraxacum, Sassafras 
Sassafras, etc. There is a general abhorrence of these 
double names, and I hope and believe that it will be 
agreed to abolish them; but this has not been done 
up to the present, so I print such names, together with 
those which would apply in the absence of this custom. 
The greatest difference of opinion exists regarding 
the fourth and last question, “ How shall we cite the 
name or names of the authors of names ?” It is largely 
to formulate rules regarding this question that the inter- 
national convention has been called at Genoa this season. 
In this matter we can get little help from Messrs. Bent- 
ham and Hooker, for, however able they maybe in classi- 
fying, their custom in citing names and authorities is 
reprehensible. I have here followed that method of 
author citation which seems to me the most useful to 
those using the reference, for I believe this is the highest 
consideration by which we can be governed. I feel 
strongly that the letter “L” should stand for Linn£. It 
is perfectly intelligible and not cumbersome. 
I have thought it an excellent thing, while at this 
work, to bring together in one place in print a record of 
all the places and dates of publication of our U. S. P. 
botanical names. 
Of synonymy only enough is printed to explain the 
adoption of the name, and to exhibit changes from the 
present edition. 
The use of the plus sign indicates that I have per- 
sonally examined the original publication and verified 
the citation. In most other cases I have stated my 
authority. 
Absinthium.—From Artemisia Absinthiutu, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 
848 (1753) +. 
Acacia.—From Acacia Senegal, Willd., Sp., 4. p. 1079 (1809) fide, 
D.C. Prod. 6 
Aconitum.—From Aconitum Napellus, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 532 
(1753)+. 
Allium.—From Allium sativum, L., Sp.Pl., ed. 1, p. 296 (1753) +. 
Aloe Socotrina.—From Aloe Perryi, Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc., 
xviii, p. 161 (1881) +. The only other species of Aloe found 
on the island is A. squamosa, Baker, of which only occasional 
specimens are to be seen. A full account of the occurrence 
of the plant and the collection and marketing of the product 
can be found in the introduction to the above work by Mr. 
Balfour. 
Aloe Barbadensis.—From Aloe vera (L.) Webb., Phyt. Canar., 
iii, p. 348 (1836-50), fide Pfeiffer. 
Synonyms: A. perfoliata, var. vera, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1. p. 320 
(I753) +• A. barbadensis. Mill., Diet., No. 2 (1759) +. A. 
vulgaris, Lam., Encyc., i, p. 86 (1783) +. 
Althcea —From Althcea officinalis, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 686 
(1753)+■ 
Ammoniacum.—From Dorema ammoniacum, D. Don, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 602 (1833) +. 
Amygdala Amara and Amygdala Dulcis.—Respectively from 
Prunus Amygdalus, var’s amara and dulcis, D. C., FI. Fr., 4, 
p. 586 (1805). 
Amylum.—From Trilicum aestivum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p 85 (1753) 
+. Linne proposed a number of distinct species of Triticum, 
all of which seem, in the light of ■modern knowledge and judg- 
ment, to form but one. The above name was the first, and 
takes precedence. The following were much later: 
Synonyms: T. vulgare, Villars, Velph., iii, p. 153 (1787), 
fide Kunth, Enum.; T. sativum, Lam., Encyc., ii, p. 554 
(1787)+. 
Anisum.—From Pimpinella anisum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 264 
(1753)+. 
Anthemis.—From Anthemis nobilis, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 894 
(1753)+• 
Apocynum.—From Apocynum cannabinum, L., Sp. PL, ed. I. p. 
213 (1753) +• 
Arnicle Radix et Flores.—From Arnica montana, L., Sp. PL, 
ed. 1, p. 884 (1753) +. 
Asafcetida.—From Ferula feetida (Bunge), B. & H. f., fide B. & 
T. 
Synonyms: Scorodosma feetida, Bunge, Mem. Sav. Etrang. 
Acad. St. Pet., vii, p. 309 and Linnsea (1851), p. 157, +. (?) 
Fetula Asafcetida, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 248 (1753) +. Narthex 
Asafcetida, Falconer, Trans. Linn. Soc., xx, p. 285 (1846)+. 
Ferula Scorodosma, B. & T., Med. PL, ii, No. 127 (after 1876), 
+. Ferula Narthex, Boiss., FI. Orient., ii, p. 994 (1872) +. 
The synonymy of this plant is one of the most difficult to 7 
unravel of all in the Pharmacopoeia. According to B. & H., 
Narthex falls into Ferula. If there were no doubt as to 
Linne’s plant, we should be compelled to adopt his name, 
given above with a query; and this may be determined upon 
later. But while Hugh Falconer declares that specimens of 
the true asafcetida plant which he studied were identical with 
the plate of Kaempfer and the specimens on which it was 
based, the foundation of Linne’s name, Boissier is equally 
certain that that figure and specimen refer to a different plant 
from that which yields asafoetida, and that a new name must 
be found for the latter. Bunge’s name “foetida” seems 
sufficiently distinct from “asafoetida” to stand in the same 
genus with it, and it is many years older than Boissier’s name 
Narthex. I therefore propose that it be adopted, but do so 
with some doubt, and shall be very glad to be enlightened 
further on this subject. 
Asclepias.—From Asclepias tuberosa, L., Sp. PI., ed. I, p. 217 
(1753)+• 
Aspidium.— 
It would seem that the proper name for this genus is Dry- 
opteris, but I have not yet had time to study out the synon- 
ymy of the species. 
Aurantii Amari Cortex.—From Citruz vulgaris, Risso, Ann. de 
Mus., xx, p. 190 (1813), fide B. & T. 
Synonym: C. aurantium, L. p. p. 
Aurantii Dulcis Cortex.—From Citrus Aurantium, L., Sp. PI. 
ed. i, p. 782 (1753), P P- 4- 
It has been agreed that a change made in an author’s de- 
scription by a subsequent author shall not cause the original 
author’s name to cease to be cited. The name must therefore 
be considered as Linne’s. 
Azedarach. — From Melia Atedarach, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 384 
(1753) + 
Balsamum Peruvianum.—From Toluifera Pereira {,Royle) Baill., 
Hist. PL, ii, p. 383 (1870) -f- 
Synonym: Myrospermum Pereira, Royle (1853), fide B. & T. 
Balsamum Tolutanum.—From Toluifera balsamum, L., Sp. PL, 
ed. i, p. 384 (1753) + 
Synonym: Myroxylon Toluifera, Kunth, Nov. Gen., 6, p. 
375. .A* DC., Prod. • 
Belladonna Folia et Radix.—From Atropa Belladonna, L., Sp. 
Pl., ed. i, p. 181 (1753)4- 
Benzoinum.—From Styrax Benzoin, Dryander, Philos. Trans., 
lxxvii, p. 308 (1787), fide B. & T. 
Brayera.—From Hagenid Abyssinica, (Bruce) Gmelin, Syst. 
(1791), fide B. & T. 
Synonym: Bankesia Abyssinica, Bruce (1790). But in 1776 
Forster had made a Bankesia, so Bruce’s name is untenable. 8 
Other names were proposed much later than the one here 
adopted. 
Bryonia.—From Bryonia alba, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 1012 (1753) 4- 
And from B. dioica, L , Jacq. FI. Austr., ii, p. 59 (1774) 4- 
Buchu.—From Barosma betulina (Thunb.), Bartl. & Wendl., 
Beitrag. z. Bot. Diosm., p. 102 fide B. & T. 
Synonym: Diosma betulina, Thunb., FI. Cap., 2, 139 
(1807-13!, fide DC., Prod. 
And from B. crenulata (L.), Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3413 
(1835) 4- This is another name about which there is some 
doubt, but, as I have no access to the specimens, I dare not 
go farther than to cite as above. 
Long Buchu is from B. serratifolia (Curt.), Willd., Enum. 
PI., p. 257(1809) + 
Synonym: Diosma serratifolia, Curtis’s Bot. Mag., t. 456 
(1799)+• 
Cafff.ina.—From Coffea Arabica, L., Sp. Pl.,ed. i, p. 172(1753)4-. 
And from Thea Sinensis, L., 1. c., p. 515 4-. 
Synonym: Camellia Thea, Link, En. PI. Hort. Ber., ii, p. 
73 (1822), fide B. & T. Concerning this name the first point 
is that, following B. & H., we cannot maintain both Thea 
and Camellia. Upon the selection of one of these names we 
find that Thea was Linne’s genus No. 668 (4-), and Camellia 
was his genus No. 848 (4-). The former, therefore, must 
stand. In any case Link’s specific name would be wrong, as 
we should be compelled to adopt the specific name of Linn6. 
Calamus.—From Acorus Calamus, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 324 
(1753)+• 
Calendula.—From Calendula officinalis, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 921 
(1753)+• 
Calumba.—From Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.), Miers, per Hooker 
in FI. Nig., p. 214 (1849) 4-. 
Synonym: Menispermum palmatum, Lamarck, Diet., iv, p, 
99 (i797) 4- Af. Calumba, Roxb., FI. Ind., iii, p. 807 (1832) 
fide Pfeiffer, Nom. The specific name palmatum is thus very 
much older. But even those who do not adhere to this prin- 
ciple cannot adopt the name Calumba, for Miers proposed 
two species, M. palmata and M. Calumba (now accepted as 
identical), and the name palmata appeared first upon the page. 
Cambogia.—From Garcinia Hanburii, Hook, f., Journ. Linn. 
Soc., xiv, p. 485 (1875)4- By printing this name here it is 
not intended to endorse it, for it seems to be wrong. Han- 
bury regarded the plant as a mere variety, and called it var. 
pedicellata, and it is not at all improbable that he is correct. 
But, if raised to specific rank, the name should be Garcinia 
pedicellata (Hanbury)—the presence in the genus of the name 
pedunculata apparently not preventing. But I have no means 
of deciding if the species be a good one or no. 9 
CamphorA.—From Cinnamomum Camphora (L.) Nees et Eberm., 
Handb. d. Med.—Pharm. Bot., i, p. 430 (1830) fide B. & T. 
Synonym: Laurus Camphora, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 369. 
(1753) +• 
Cannabis Indica.—From Cannabis sativa, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 
1027 (1753) +. 
Capsicum.—From Capsicum fastigiatum, Blume, Bijdr. FI. Med. 
Ind., p. 705 (1825), fide B. T. 
Synonym: An older name was C. minimum, Roxb. (1824?) 
but this name had already been appropriated for a different 
species by Miller in R. & S. Syst. (1819). 
Cardamomum.—From Elettaria repens (Sonn.). 
Synonyms: Amomum tepens, Sonnerat, Voy. Ind., ii, p. 
240 (1782) fide Maton. Elettaria Cardamomum, Maton, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., x, p. 254(1811)+. Maton had no authority to 
substitute a new specific name for that which Sonnerat had 
used. 
Carum.—From Carum Carvi, L , Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 263 (T753) +. 
Caryophyllum.—From Eugenia aromatica, (L.) O. Kunze, Rev. 
Gen. PI., p. 239 +. 
Synonyms: Caryophyllus aromaticus, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 
515 (1753) +. Eugenia caryophyllata, Thunb, Diss. de 
Caryoph. Arom., p. 4 (1788) fide B. & T. Thunberg here 
displaces Linne’s name without authority. 
Cascarilla.—From Croton Eleuteria, (L.) Bennett, Journ. Linn. 
Soc. iv, p. 29 (1859) +. 
Synonym: Clutia Eleuteria, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 1042 
(1753)+• 
Cassia Fistula.—From Cassia Fistula, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 377 
(1753) 
Castanea.—From Castanea dentata (Marsh.), Sudworth, Bull. 
Torr. Bot. Club, xix, p, 154(1892)+. 
Synonyms: Fagus Castanea dentata, Marshall, Arb. Am. 
p. 46 (1785) fide Sudworth. 
All other names applied to this tree were later. 
Catechu.—From Acacia Catechu, (L. f.) Willd., Sp. PI., iv, p. 
1079 (1805) +. 
Synonym: Mimosa Catechu, L. f., Suppl., p. 439(1781)+. 
Caulophyllum.—From Caulophyllutn thalictroides, (L.) Mx., FI. 
N. A., i, p. 205 (1820) +. 
Synonym: Leoniice thalictroides, L , Sp. PL, ed. I, p. 312 
(1753)+- 
Cetraria.—From Cetraria Islandica, Acharius. This name I 
have not studied. 
Chelidonium.—From Chelidonium majus, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
505 (1753) +• 10 
Chenopodium.—From Chenepodium anthelminticum, L., Sp. PI., 
ed. i, p. 220 +. Thip seems a good species. 
Chimaphila.— umbellata, (L.) 6~. KuiiTe, Rev.—Qcht 
PI., p, 390 (1891) -h- 
Synonyms: Pyrdla umbellata, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 396 
(1753)+• 
The generic name Pseva was assigned by Rafinesque in 
1809 (Obs. ex. Journ. Phys., 89, p. 26). Chimaphila, Pursh, 
did not appear until 1814. 
Chirata.—From Swertia chirata, Ham., Wall. PI. As. Rar., iii, 
t. 252 (1832), fide Hook., FI. Brit. Ind. 
Synonyms: Gentiana Chirayata, Roxb., FI. Ind., ii, p. 70 
(1832), fide Hook., FI. Brit. Ind. Ophelia chirata, Griseb. 
Gen. & Sp. Gen., p. 320 (1829), fide Hook., FI. Brit. Ind. 
Referred by B. & H. to Swertia. 
Chondrus.—From Chondrus crispus, Lyngbye and C. mamillosus 
Greville (I have not studied these names). 
Chrysarobinum.—Up to the present time I have not been able to 
verify the name given in the U. S. P., Andira aratoba, Aguiar. 
I shall give further study to this name. 
Cimicifuga.—From Thalictrodes racemosum (L.), O. Kunze, Rev. 
Gen. PI., 4 (1891) +. 
Synon}ms: Actcea racemosa, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 504 
(t753)- The genus Thalictrodes was established in 1739 
(Amm. Stirp. Rar ), while Linne did not propose the name 
Cimicifuga until 1750. 
Cinchona.—There is no doubt that the proper name of this genus 
is Quinquina. The arrangement of the specific names will 
require more time than I have at present. 
CinnAmomum.—i. Ceylon Cinnamon. From Cinnamomum zeyla- 
nicum, Breyne, Ephem. Acad. Nat. Cur., Dec. 1, Ann. 4, p. 
139. 140 (ex Hayne), fide B. & T. 2. Cassia, from C. Cassia, 
Blume, Bijdr. FI. Nede*-. Ind., ii, p. 570 (i825-’26). fide 
B & T. 
Colchici Radex et Semen.—From Colchicum autumnale, L., Sp. 
PI., ed. 1, p. 341 (1753) +. 
Colocynthis—From Colocynthis vulgaris, Schrad., Ind. Sem. h. 
Gott (1833), fide O. Kunze. 
Synonym: Citrullus Colocynthis, Schrad., Linnaea, xii, p. 
414 (1838), fide O. Kunze. 
Colocynthis was established in 1745 by Hall, in Rupp. FI. 
jen., p. 46, while Citrullus of Forsk. did not appear until 
1775 (FI. Aeg. Arab., p. 167). 
Conium.—From Conium maculatum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 243 
(1753)+. 11 
Copaiba.—From Copaiba Langsdorffii (Desf.), O. Kunze, Rev. Gen. 
PL, p 172(1891)+. 
Synonym: Copaifera Langsdorffii, Desf., Mem. Mus. d’Hist., 
Nat. vii, p. 377 (1821), fide O. Kunze. 
The generic records are as follows: 
Copaiba, Mill., Gard. Diet (1739) +. 
Copaiva, L., Mat. Med (1749), fide O. Kunze. 
Copaifera, L., Gen (1762), fide O. Kunze. 
Coriandrum.—From Coriandrum sativum, L., Sp. PI., ed. I, p. 
256 (1753) +. 
Cornus.—From Cornus florida, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 117 (1753)+. 
Crocus.—From Crocus sativus, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 36 (1753)+. 
Cubeba —From Piper Cubeba, L. f., Suppl., p. 90 (1781) +. 
Benth. & Hook, do not maintain Cubeba as generically dis- 
tinct from Piper. 
Cydonium.—From Pyrus Cydonia, L., Sp. PI., ed 1, p. 480 
(1753). Benth. & Hook, do not maintain Cydonium as gen- 
erically distinct from Pyrus. 
Cypripedium.—From Cypripedium pubescens, Sw., Act. Ac. Holm, 
(1810), fide Torrey, fl. N. Y. And from C.parviflorum, Salisb., 
Linn. Trans. 1, p. 77, t. 2, f. 2, fide Torrey, Fl. N. Y. 
Digitalis.—From Digitalis purpurea, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 621 
(1753)+• 
Dulcamara.—From Solanum Dulcamara, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
185 (1753) +. 
Elaterinum.—From Ecballium Elaterium (L.), Rich., Diet. Class. 
d’Hist. Nat., vi, p. 19 (1825), fide B. & T. 
Synonym: Momordica Elaterium, L., Sp. PL, ed. I, p. 
1010 (1753) +. 
Ergota.—This name I have not studied. 
Erythroxylon.—From Erythroxylon Coca, Lam., Diet, ii, p. 393. 
(1786)+. 
Eucalyptus.— From Eucalyptus globulus, Labillardiere, Voy. 
Rich, de la Perouse, i, p. 153 (1799), fide DC. Prod. 
Euonymus.—From Euonymus atropurpureus, Jacq., Hort. Vind., 
ii, t. 120 (1762), fide DC. Prod. 
Eupatorium.—From Eupatorium perfoliatum, L., Sp. PL, ed. I, 
P- 838 (1753)+. 
Ficus.—From Ficus Carica, L., Sp. PL, ed 1, p. 1059(1753)+. 
Fceniculum.—From Fceniculum fceniculum (L.), Britton, Ms. 
Synonym: Anethum fceniculum L., Sp. Pl., ed. I (1753)+. 
Fceniculum capillaceum, Gilib., FL Lithuan., iv, P..40 (1782), 
fide B. & T. 
Frangula.—Rhamnus Frangula, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 193 (1753)+. 12 
Galbanum.—The facilities at my disposal have not allowed me to 
come to a decision as to the species yielding this drug. 
Galla.—From Quercus lusitanica, Lamarck, Diet, i, p. 719 
(1783)+• 
Gaultheria.—This name would appear to be Brosscea procumbens' 
(L.), O. Kunze, Rev. Gen. PI., p 388 (1891)+. 
Synonym: Gaultheriaprocumbens, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1 (1753), 
fide Richter. 
In 1737 Linne established the genus Brossaea, while his 
name Gaultheria did not appear until 1751. His Brossaea ap- 
plied to B. coccinea. It is claimed that this plant is generic- 
ally identical with our Gaultheria. If this is correct, then 
Brossaea applies also to our plant. 
Gelsemium.—From Gelsemium sempervirens (L.), Pers., Ench.. i. 
p. 267, n. 611 (1805), fide Pfeiffer. Bignonia sempervirens, L.. 
Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 623 (i753)‘+- 
Gentiana.—From Gentiana lutea, Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 227 (1753)+- 
Geranium.—From Geranium maculatum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
681 (1753)+• 
Glycyrrhiza.—From Glycyrrhiza glabra, L , Sp. Pl., ed. 1, p„ 
742 (1753) +. 
Gossypium.—From Gossypium herbaceum, L., Sp. PI , ed. 1 
(1753)+• 
Granatum.—From Punica Granatum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 427 
(1753)+• 
Grindelia.—From Grindelia robusta Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. 
Soc., vii, p. 314 (1841) +. 
Guaiaci Lignum.—From Guaiacum officinale, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, 
p. 281 (1753) +. And from G. sanctum, L., 1. c., p. 382 +. 
Guarana.—From Paullinia sorbilis, Mart., Reise in Brasil. Spix 
and Mart., iii, p. 1098 (1831), fide B. & T. 
Gutta Percha.—From Dichopsis Gutta (Hook.), Bentl. & Trim. 
No. 16 +. I follow B. & H. in taking the genus to be 
Dichopsis. 
HjEMAToxylon.—From Hcematoxylon Campechianum, L., Sp. Pl.. 
ed. 1, p. 384 (1753) +. 
Hamamelis.—From Hamamelis Virginica, L., in Nat., 333../&&DC. 
Hedeoma.—From Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl., ii, p. 
131 (1867) +. 
Synonym: Cunila pulegioides, L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 30 
(1762)+. 
Humulus.—From Humulus Lupulus, L , Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 1028 
(1753)+• 
Hydrastis.—From Hydrastis Canadensis, L., Syst. Nat., ed. io, 
p. 1088 (1758 to 1759) +. 
The genus Hydrastis dates from 1737 +. 13 
Hyoscyamus.—From Hyoscyamus niger, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 179 
(1753)+• 
Ignatia.—From Strychnos Ignatia, Berg., Mat. Med,, i, p. 146 
(1778) fide B. & T. 
Illicium.—From Illicium anisatum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 2, p. 664 
(1762) +. 
The genus Illicium appears in the Gen. PI. (1737), No. 611. 
Inula —From Inu'a Helenium, L., Sp. PI , ed. 1. p. 881 (T753) +. 
The genus Inula appears in the Gen. PI. (1737), No. 956. 
Ipecacuanha.—From Cephaelis emetica, Pers., Syn. PI., i, p. 203, 
(1805) +. 
Synonym: Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, A. Rich., Hist. Nat. Ip., 
p. 21 (1820) fide B. & T. 
Iris.—From Iris versicolor, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 39 (1753) +. 
Jalapa.—Benth. & Hook, suppress the genus Exogonium. 
This, therefore, becomes Ipomoea. I. jalapa, Don., was 
published in 1838. I. purga, Hayne, was published in Arzn. 
Gen. xii, t. 33 and 34 (fide Hemsley), between 1805 and 1846. 
I have no means of ascertaining the exact date, so cannot de- 
cide which name is the older. 
JuGLANS.—From Juglans cinerea, L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 1415 
(1762)+. 
Juniperus.—From Juniperus communis, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 1040 
(1753)+• 
Kamala.—From Mallotus Philippinensis, (Lamarck) Mull. Arg., 
Linnaea, xviii, p. 196 (1865) +. 
Synonym: Croton Philippense, Lam., Encyc., ii, p. 206 
(1786) +. 
Kino.—From Lingoum Marsupium (Roxb.) O. Kunze, Rev. Gen. 
PL, p. 193 (1891) +. 
Synonym: Pterocarpus Marsupiwn, Roxb., Pl. Corom., ii, 
p. 9 (1798) fide B. & T. 
Linne’s Pterocarpus here used by Roxburgh was published 
in 1763, and was antedated by another application of this 
name, by Linn6 himself, in 1747, for the genus now called 
Derris. In 1742, Rumph (ii, p. 205, t. 70+) had applied the 
name Lingoum to the genus of Kino, and this name must 
stand. 
Krameria.—From Krameria triandra, R. & P., FI. Per., i, p. 61 
(1798) +, and from K. Ixina, L. Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 177 
(1762) +. 
Synonym: K. tomentosa, St. Hil., Expos, ii, p. 346 (1805) 
fide Pfeiffer. 
Lactucarium.—From Lactuca virosa, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 795 
(1753) +. 
Lappa.—From Arctium Lappa, L., Sp. PL, ed., 1, p. 816 (1753) +. 14 
Lavandula —From Lavandula officinalis, Chaix, Vill. Dauph.,. 
p. 355 (1786), fide DC., FI. Fr. 
Synonym: L. veta, DC., FI. Fr., Suppl., p. 398 (1815)+. 
Leptandra.—From Veronica Virginica, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 9 
(1753) +• 
Limonis Cortex, etc.—From Citrus Limonum, Risso, Ann. de 
Mus., xx, p. 201 (1813) fide B. & T. 
Linum.—From Linum usitatissimum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 277 
(1753) +• 
Lobelia.—From Lobelia inflata, L., Act. Ups., p. 23 (1741) fide B. 
& T. 
Lycopodium.—From Lycopodium clavatum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
2101 (+) and from other species. 
Macis (and Myristica).—F.om Palala fragrans, (Houttuyn) CL 
Kunze, Rev. Gen. PL, p. 567 (1891) +. 
Synonym: Myristica fragrans, Houtt., Hyst. Nat., ii, part 
3, p. 233 (1774)fiide B. & T. 
Palala is from 1741 (Rumpf., Herb. Amb., Vol. 2, p. 28 +.} 
Myristica is from 1742 (L., Gen. PL, ed. 2, p. 524 +). 
Magnolia.—From Magnolia Virginiana, L., Sp. PL, ed. x, p. 535 
(1753)+• 
Synonym: Magnolia glauca, L., Sp.PL, ed. 2, p. 755 (1762) 
+. In his first edition Linne divided his M. Virginica up 
into several varieties, of which the first or type variety was 
var. glauca. In his second edition he raised these varieties 
to species, but in taking as the specific name of each the 
name that it had held as a variety, he entirely suppressed the 
specific name “Virginiana,” which was really the first name 
printed and which, in my judgment, must be reserved for his 
type variety as above. 
And from M. acuminata, L. Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 756 (1762) +. 
And from M. tripetala, L. 1. c. +. 
Maltum.—From Hordeum vulgare, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 84 
(1753)+• 
Synonym: H.distichum, L. 1. c., p. 85 ~h 
Manna.—From Fraxinus Ornus, L., Sp. PL, ed. x, p. 1057 
(1753) +• 
Marrubium.—From Marrubinm vulgare, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 583 
(1753) +• 
Mastiche.— From Pistacia Lentiscus, L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, p. 1026 
(1753) +• 
Matico.—From Piper augustifolium, R. & P., FI. Per., i, p. 38 
(1798)+. 
Matricaria.—From Matricaria Chamomilla, L., Sp, PL ed. 1, p 
891 (1753)+. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO ORIGINAL LIST AND TO 
SUPPLEMENT. 
Ad. Aloe Barbadensis.—Omit period after “Webb”. 
“ Aspidium.—Spell marginctlis, not “marginale”. 
“ Caryophyllum.—Here and elsewhere the name Kuutze 
is incorrectly spelled “Kunze”. 
“ Cascarilla.—Spell Eluteria, not “Eleuteria.” 
“ Chrysarobinum.—Spell Araroba, not “Ararobe”. 
“ Elaterinum.—Specify H. Richard as author. 
“ Gentiana?—Name of author, Linne, omitted. 
“ Hamamelis.—Write Virginians,, not “Virginica. ’ 
“ Jalapa.—Substitute Nuttall for “Coxe.” 
“ Matico.—angustifolium, not “augustifolium.” 
“ Ol. Ricini.—From Ricinus communis, Linne. 
“ Ol Rosae.—From Rosa damascena, Mueller. 
“ Ol. Santali.—From Santalum album, Linne. 
“ Pix Burgundica.—Place period after “Poir”. 
“ Pix Liquida.—From Pinus palustris, Miller. 
Scammony.—Spell Scammonia, not “Scammonium”. 
“ Senna.—Author’s name Delile omitted after “Cassia 
acutifolia”. 
“ Tamarindus.—Spell indica, not “indicus”. 
“ Taraxacum officinale, Weber. 
“ Veratrina.—Spell Asagrcea, not “Asagroea ”, and offici- 
nalis, not “officinale”.. 
“ Zingiber.—Z. officinale, Roscoe. 15 
Melissa.—From Melissa officinalis, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 592 
(1753) +• 
Menispermum.—From Menispermum Canadense, L , Sp. PL, ed. 1, 
P- 340 (1753) +• 
Mentha Piperita.—From Mentha piperita, Smith, Trans. Linn. 
Soc., v, p. 189 (1800) +. 
Mentha Viridis.—From Mentha viridis, L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 804 
(1762) +. . 
Mezereum.—From Daphne Mezereum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 356 
(1753)+• 
Myrrha.—From Commiphora Myrrha (Nees). 
Synonym: Balsamodendron Myrrha, Nees, PI. Offic. (1821— 
1833) fid'- B. & T. Balsamodendron Kunth, dates from 1824, 
while Commiphora, Jacq., was established in 1797 (Hort. 
Schoenb., ii, p. 267, t. 249 (1797). 
Oleum Cajuputi.—From Myrtoleucodendron minor (Smith). 
Synonyms: Melaleuca minor, Smith, Rees’ Cyclop., xxiii 
(1813), fide B. & T. 
Melaleuca Cajuputi, Roxb., FI. Ind., iii, p. 394 (1832), fide 
Lindley, FI. Med. 
The generic name Melaleuca was not given by Linne until 
1767, while Rumpf. (Herb. Amb.,di, p. 72 +.) had established 
Myrtoleucodendron in 1742. 
As to the specific name, O. Kunze (Rev. Gen. PL, p. 241, 
(1891 4-.) calls it Myrtoleucodendron viridijlorum (Gaertn). If 
Gaertner’s plant is really identical with Smith’s M. minor, then 
Kunze’s name must be adopted, but I have no means of ascer- 
taining this, and am not willing to accept Kunze’s judgment 
on a point of this kind, in opposition to that of DeCondolle. 
Nux Vomica.—From Strychnos Nux-vomica, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
189 (1753) +• 
Oleum Bergamii.—From Citrus Bergamia, Risso et Poit., Hist. 
Orang., p. ill (1818), fide B. & T. 
Oleum Erigeronitis.—From Erigeron Canadense, L., Sp. PL, ed. 
1, p. 863 (1753) +• 
Oleum Myrci^e.—From a species of Myrcia which should be called 
either M. caryophyllata (Jacq.) or M. racemosa (Miller). Be- 
tween 1764 and ’71, Jacquin (Obs., 2, p. 1) had called it Myr- 
tus caryophyllatus; but I am not able to decide if this name is 
older than Caryophyllus racemosus, Miller; Myrcia acris, 
Swartz, of the present edition, did not appear until 1788, but 
until we can decide which of the above names is the older, it 
is not worth while to make a change. 
Oleum Oliv^e.—From Olea Europea, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 8 
(1753) +. 
Oleum Rut^e.—From Ruta graveolens, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 383 
(1753) +• 16 
Oleum Sesami.—From Sesamum Indicum, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 
634 (1753) +• 
Oleum Theobroma.—From Theobroma Cacao, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, 
p. 782 (1753) +. 
Oleum Thymi.—From Thymus vulgaris, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 
591 (1753) +• 
Oleum Tiglii.—From Croton Tiglium, L., Sp. PI., ed, 1, p. 1004 
(1753) +• 
Opium.—From Papaver somniferum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 508 
(1753)+• 
Origanum.—From Origanum vulgare, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 590 
(1753) + 
Pareira.—From Chondodendron tomentosum, R. & P., Syst. FI. 
Per. et Chil., p. 261 (1798), fide FI. Bras. 
Pepo.—From Cucurbita Pepo, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 1010(1753)+. 
Physostigma.—From Physostigma venenosum, Balfour, Trans. 
Roy. Soc. Edinb., xxii, p. 310 (1861), fide B. & T. 
Phytolacca Bacca et Radix.—From Phytolacca decandra, L., 
Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 631 (1762)+. 
Picrotoxinum.—From Anamirta paniculata, Colebrooke, Trans. 
Linn. Soc., xiii, p. 66 (1822) +. 
Pilocarpus.—This name is correct in present edition of U. S. P., 
according to recent article by J. D. Hooker, in Bot. Mag. 
Pimenta.—From Pimenta officinalis, Lindl., Coll. Bot. sub. t. 19 
(1821) fide B. & H., who maintain this genus. 
Piper.—From Piper nigrum, L., Sp, PL, ed. 1, p. 28 (1753)+. 
Pix Burgundica.—From Abies Abies (L.). 
Synonym: Pinus Abies, L., Sp. PL, ed. I, p. 1002 
(1753) +• 
Pix Canadensis.—From Tsuga Canadensis, (L.) Carr., Traite 
Conif., p. 189 (1855), fide Sargent. 
Synonym: Pinus Canadensis, L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, p. 1421 
(1762) +. 
Podophyllum.—From Podophyllum peltatum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, 
P- 505 (1753)+. 
Prinos.—From Ilex verticillata (L.l Gray, Man., ed. 2, p. 264 
(1856)+. 
Synonym: Prinos verticillata, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 330 
(1753)+• 
Prunum.—From Prunus domestica, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 475 
(1753) +• 
Prunus Virginiana.—From Prunus serotina, Ehrh., Beitr. z. 
Natur, iii, p. 20 (i"jSS)fide Wats. Bib. Ind. 17 
Pulsatilla.—From Anemone Pulsatilla, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 539 
(1753)+- 
And from A. pratensis, L., 1. c. 
And from A. hirsutissima, (Pursh). 
Synonym: Clematis hirsutissima, Pursh, FI. Am., Sept., 
385 (1814)+. 
Pyrethrum.—From Anacyclus Pyrethrum (L.) DC., FI. Fr., vi, p. 
480 (1815) +. 
Synonym: Anthemis Pyrethrum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 895 
(1753)+• 
Quassia.—From Picrcena excelsa (Sw.) Lindl., FI. Med., p. 208 
(1838) +. 
Synonyms: Quassia excelsa, Sw., Act. Holm. p. 302, t. viii 
(1788), fide Sw. in FI. Ind. Occ. iii, p. 742. 
Q. polygama, Lindsay, Act. Edinb. iii, p. 205. (I have been 
unable to verify this citation, or to learn its year. It may be 
that “polygama” is older than “excelsa.”) 
Quercus Alba.—From Quercus alba, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 996 
(1753)+• 
Quillaia.—From Quillaia saponaria, Molina, Comp. Hist. Nat. 
d. Chil., ed. 1, p. 175 (1782) fide Phillippi, Comment. Mol. 
Rheum.—From Rheum officinale, Baillon, Adansonia, p. 246 
(1872) fide B. & T. 
Rhus Glabra.—From Rhus glabra, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 265 
(1753) + 
Rhus Toxicodendron.—From Rhus radicans, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, 
p. 266 (1753) + 
RosA Centifolia.—From Rosa centifolia, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 491 
(1753) + 
Rosa Gallica.—From Rosa Gallica, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 492 
(1753) + 
Rosmarinus.—From Rosmarinus officinalis, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 
23 (1753) + 
Rubus.—From Rubus villosus, Ait., Hort. Kew, ii, p. 210 (1789) 4- 
And from R. Canadensis, L , Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 494 (1753) + 
And from R. trivialis, Mx., FL, i, p. 296 4. 
Rubus Id^eus.—From Rubus idceus, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 492 
(1753) + 
Rumex.—From Rumex crispus, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 335 (1753) + 
Sabina.— From Juniperus sabina, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 1039. 
(1753) + 
Salicinum.—From Salix Helix, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 1017 (1753) + 
(And other species.) 
Salix.—From Salix alba, L., Sp, PL, ed. i, p. 1021 (1753) + 
Salvia.—From Salvia officinalis, L., Sp. PL, ed. i, p. 23 (1753) + 18 
Sambucus. —From Sambucus Canadensis, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 269 
(1753) + 
Sanguinaria.—From Sanguinaria Canadensis, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, 
P- 505 (1753) + 
Santalum Rubrum.—From Lingoum santalinum (L. f.), O. 
Kunze, Rev. Gen. PI., p. 193 (1891) -f 
Synonym: Pterocarpus santalinus, L. f., Suppl. PI., p. 318 
(1781) + 
(See Kino for remarks.) 
Santonica.—From Artemisia pauciflora, Weber, Stechm. de Ar- 
tem., p. 26 (177s). fide B. & T. 
Sarsaparilla.—From Smilax officinalis, Kunth, Humb. et Bonp., 
Nov. Gen. et Sp., i. p, 271 B. & T. 
And from S. rnedica, Schlecht. et Cham., Linnaea, vi, p. 47 
(1831) + 
Sassafras.—From Sassafras Sassafras (L.). 
Synonym: Laurus Sassafras, L , Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 371 
(1753) +• 
O. Kunze, who does not resort to duplicate names, calls it 
S. variifolia (Salisb.), (Laurus variifolia, Salisb., Prod., p. 
344, 179b). 
Scammonium.—From Convolvulus Scammonium, L , Sp. PI., ed. 1, 
P- 55 (1753) +• 
Scilla.—From Urginea marilima (L ), Baker, Jour. Linn. Soc., 
xiii, p. 221 (1873) +. 
Synonyms: Scilla maritima, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 308 
(1753)+• 
Urginea Scilla, Steinheil, Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. 2, i, p. 330 
(1834)+. 
Scoparius.—From Cytisus Scoparius (L.), Link, Enum., ii, p. 241 
(1822)+. 
Synonym: Spartium Scopariuni, L., Sp. PI., ed. I, p. 709 
(1753) +• 
Sarothamnus Scoparius, Koch, Syn. FI. Ger. et Helv., ed. 
1, p. 152 (1837)yt* ed. 2. 
I follow B. & H. in referring it to Cytisus. 
Scutellaria.—From Scutellaria lateriflora, L., Sp. PI., p. 598 
(1753)+• 
Senega.—From Polygala Senega, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 704 (1753)+. 
Senna.—(1) From Cassia acutifolia, FI. de ii, p. 219 
(1812), fide B. & T. 
(2) From Cassia angusiifolia, Vahl, Symb. Bot., i, p. 29 
(1790), fide B. & T. 
Synonym: Cassia elongata, Lemaire-Lisancourt, Journ. 
Pharm., vii, p. 345, fide Lindley, FI. Med. 
Serpentaria.—From Aristolochia Serpentaria, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, 
p. 961 (1753) +. 19 
And from A. reticulata, Nutt., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., v, p. 
162 (i83q) +. 
Sinapis Alba.—From Brassica alba (L.), Hook. f. et Th., FI. Brit. 
Ind., i, p. 157 (1872) +. 
Synonym: Sinapis alba, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 668 (1753) +. 
I believe Sinapis to be a genus distinct from Brassica; but 
if we follow B. & H we must class it as Brassica. 
Sinapis Nigra.—From Brassica nigra (L.), Koch, Deutsche FI., iv, 
P 7i3 (1833)+• 
Synonym: Sinapis nigra, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 668 (1753)+. 
Spigelia.—From Spigelia Marilandica, L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, ii, 
p. 734 (1767) +. • % 
Staphisagria.—From Delphinium Staphisagria, L., Sp. Pl.,ed. I, 
P- 521 (1753)+• 
Stillingia.—From Stihingia Sylzatica, L., Mant., p. 126 
(1767) +. 
Stramonium.—From Datura Stramonium, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 
189 (1753) +• 
Styrax.—From Liquidambar orientalis, Miller, Gard. Diet., ed. 8, 
(1768) +. 
Sumbul.—From Ferula Sumbul (Kaufm.), Hook. f., Bot., Mag., 
t. 6196 (1875) +. 
Synonym: Eurangium Sumbul, Kaufm. Nouv. Mem. Soc. 
Imp. d. Nat. de Mosc., xiii, p. 253 (18711 fide B. & T. 
Tabacum.—From Nicotiana Tabacum, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 180 
(1753)+- 
Tamarindus.—From Tamarindus Indiius, L. Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 34 
(1753) +• 
Tanacetum.—From Tanacetum vulgare, L., Sp. PI., ed. 1, p. 844 
(1753)+• 
Taraxacum.—From Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.). 
Synonym: Leontodon Taraxacum, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 
298 (1753) +• 
Terebinthina.—From Pinus australis, Mx. Sylv. N. A., ii, p. 
265 (1819) +. 
Terebinthina Canadensis.—From Abies balsamea (L.) Miller, 
Diet., 1807 +. 
Synonym: Pinus balsamea, L., Sp. PI , ed. 1, p. 1002 
(1753)+• 
Thuja.—From Thuja occidentalis, L., Sp. PL, ed. 1, p. 1002 
(1753)+• 
Tragacanth.—From Astragalus gummifer, Labillardiere, Obs. 
sur 1. Phys., xxxvi, p. 59 (1790) fide B. & T. 
Triticum.—From Agropyrum repens (L.) Beauv. Agrostidese, p. 
102, fide Kunth, Enum. 20 
Synonym: Triticum repens, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 86 
(1753)+• 
Ulmtfs.—From Ulmus fulva, Mx., FI. Bor. Am., i. p. 172 
(1803) +. 
Ustilago.—This name I have not studied. 
Uva Ursi.—From Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi (L.), Sprengel, Syst. 
Veg., ii, p. 287 (1825) + 
Synonym: Arbutus Uva-ursi, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 395 
(1753) -h 
Valeriana.—From Valeriana officinalis, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 31 
(1753) + 
Vanilla.—From Vanilla planifolia, Andrews, Bot. Repos., t. 538 
(1808), fide B. & T. 
Veratrina.—From Asagroea officinale, (Ch. & Sch.), Lindley, Bot. 
Reg., xxv (n. ser., xii), t. 33 (1839), fide Pfeiffer Syn. 
Synonyms: Veratrum officinale, Ch. & Sch., Linnaea, vi, 
45 (1831) 4- Schoenocaulon officinale, Gray, Ann. Lyc., N. Y., 
p. 127 (1848) 4- (See below, note under Schoenocaulon.) 
Asagroea, Lindley, appeared in 1839. 
Schoenocaulon was substituted by Gray in 1848. There 
was, of course, no authority for this, and the later name can- 
not be recognized. But, by a curious misprint, Gray’s name 
is made to appear the older, for it appears in Plant. Hartweg., 
the title page of which bears the imprint 1839, which would 
make Gray’s name nine years older than it really is. As a 
matter of fact, PI. Hartweg. appeared, a little at a time, 
during many years, the page bearing this name appearing 
in 1849, one year after Gray published the name in Ann. 
Lyc., and ten years after Lindley had published the name 
Asagroea. 
Veratrum.—From Veratrum viride, Solander, in Ait. Hort. Kew.r 
iii, p. 422 (1789) 4- 
Viburnum.—From Viburnum prunifolium, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 
268(1753)4- 
Viola Tricolor.—From Viola tricolot, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 935 
(1753) + 
Xanthoxylum.—From Xanthoxylon Americanum, Mill., Diet.,. 
(1807) 4- 
Synonym: X. ftaxineum, Willd. Sp., iv, p. 759 (1809), yWi? 
Sargent, Tree Census. 
And from X. Clava-Herculis, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. 270 (1753) 
PP- + 
Synonym: X. Carolinianum, Lam., Diet, ii, p. 39 (1786), 
fide Sargent, Tree Census. 
Zinziber.—From Zingiber zingiber (L.). 
Synonyms: Amomum zingiber, L., Sp. PI., ed. i, p. I 
(I753) H- Zingiber officinale, Roscoe, Trans. Linn, Soc., viii, 
p. 348 (1807) 4-