N u 4 l 
OF THE 
jjjitltfiit j 
OF THE 
r> \/ c,. 
°s, or “SCIENTIA SAI.USQUE DEO.” 
MANUAL 
OF THfC 
Jjriiriii ti tft ('imiitii iti |tti§5. 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MEMBERS, 
LIST OF ACTIVE MEMBERS, 
BY-LAWS AND CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY. 
BR,oOK:xJ'srasr: 
W.M. C. WILTON, PIUNTER, 307 FULTON STREET. 
1872. OFFICERS, 1871. 
THE COUNCIL. 
President,. 
WM. HENRY THAYER, M. D, 
Vice-Pres ideat, 
ALEX. A. C. SKENE. M. D. 
Secretary* 
RICHARD M. WYCKOFF, M. ]>. 
Ass’t Secretary, 
AUDLEY HASLETT, M. D. 
Treasurer, 
J. S. PROUT, M. I). 
Librariana 
WILLIAM W. REESE, M. I>. 
Censors, 
SAMUEL G. ARMOR. M. I). 
J. H. HOBART BURGE. M. D. 
JOHN T. CONKLING, M J). 
CHARLES H. GIB EPSON, M. D. 
HOMER G. NEWTON, M. 1). 
Orator,. 
ALPHEUS B. CROSBY, M. I). 
Alternate, 
ALEXANDER HUTCHINS, M. D. ORGANIZATION OF THE SOCIETY. 
On Monday, February 22, 1822, Drs. Charles Ball, Matthew 
Wendell, John Carpenter, W. D. Creed, Francis H. Du- 
bois, and Adrian Vanderveer, practicing physicians in the 
County of Kings, met in the village of Flatbush to discuss the 
propriety of forming a County Medical Society. 
March 2, 1822.—An adjourned meeting was held in the village 
of Brooklyn, when it was decided to organize a society, and the 
following officers were elected : 
Cornelius Low, - President. 
Matthew Wendell, - Vice-President. 
Adrian Vanderveer, Secretary. 
John Carpenter, - Treasurer. 
At the same meeting, By-Laws for the government of the 
Medical Society of the County of Kings were adopted, and it 
was resolved that the anniversary meeting be held on the second 
Monday in April.  j[ist of j|embei;s. 
Members who founded the Society, April 8, 1822. 
♦Cornelius Low, . . licensed . . 1782 
♦Francis H. Durojs, . “ 1802 
♦Matthew Wendell, . “ . 1804 
♦Jos. Gkdnky T. Hunt, • . “ 1804 
♦Charles Bali “ . 1806 
♦William D. Creed, . “ 1809 
♦John Carpenter, . “ . 1812 
♦Adrian Yanderveer, M. D , Coll. 1’. and S., N. Y., . 1818 
♦Thos. Wilson Henry, “ “ •* “ 1820 
NAME. 
(IKAI)CATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF 
MEMBERSHIP. 
’Nelson L. Hurd, - 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1822, 
1823 
’Joseph N. Smith, - 
“ Society County of Kings, 1827, 
1824 
’Nelson A. Garrison, 
.. “ “ “ “ 1823; M. I). Key's Tin. V. Y. 
, 1858, 1825 
JGeorge Cox, 
.. Royal College of Surgeons (London) 
“ 
1827 
’John B. Zabriskie,........ 
., University of Pennsylvania, 1827, 
1829 
’Isaac J. Rapelye, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1820.. 
1830 
’Thos. Jefferson Jones, 
... “ “ “ “ Fairfield, 1825, 
“ 
’John C. Fanning, 
“ “ “ “ X. r., 1825,... 
“ 
’Frederick Buckelew, 
.. Xew Jersey State Medical Society, 1833, 
n 
William G. Hunt, 
.. Xew York State “ “ 1832 
1832 
’Ripley E. W. Adams, 
.. Rensselaer County Medical Society, 
“ 
’Robert Edmond, 
.. X. Y. State Medical Society, 1831, 
1833 
’James English Dubois, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons. X. Y. 1832,... 
“ 
’William H. Van Sinderen .. 
“ “ “ “ “ 1830,... 
“ 
George Marvin, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1821, 
Ferdinand W. Ostrander,.. 
.. X. Y. State Medical Society, 1828, 
“ 
’John V. E. Vanderlioef, 
.. Medical Society, County of Kings, 1833, 
“ 
’Samuel Boyd, ir., 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1828,.. 
“ 
’Frederick W. Hurd, 
.. .V. I’. State Medical Society, 1834, 
■* 
•Tno. Sullivan Thorne, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. 1’., 1829,. 
“ 
tCyrus Frink, 
.. Harvard University, 1824, 
“ 
’Lucius Hyde, 
1835 5 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF 
MEMBERSHIP. 
Theodore L. Mason, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X Y., 1825,. 
1835 
(Samuel C. Merwin, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1829, 
“ 
Joseph Howard, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X Y., 1831,.. 
“ 
u 
’Purcell Cooke, 
,1851, “ 
Chaunoey Lewis Cooke, 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1829 
’Thomas B. Downing, 
.. College of Physicians and Surgeons, X Y., 1831 
, “ 
’Henry Willsher, 
,. lloyal College of Surgeons, (London) 
’Samuel Hart, 
.. X Y. State Medical Society, 1834, 
“ 
’Theodore F. King, 
.. College of Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1827. 
“ 
’Peter McGivney, 
.. Medical Society of Orange County, 
“ 
’Abraham Van Pelt, 
.. “ “ “ Herkimer Coun'y, 
“ 
Charles Rowland, 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College. 1824, 
“ 
’Jonathan W. Brooks 
U 
t Alfred C. Post, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1827,... 
“ 
George Gilfillan .• 
“ “ “ “ “ 1834,... 
1836 
’George C. Ball, 
.. Xew York State Medical Society, 1835, 
’Bradley Parker, 
.. Medical Department, Dartmouth College, 1824... 
“ 
+Henry Forrester Spear, 
.. Berkshire Medical Institution, 1826, 
1837 
(David M. Schoonmaker, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1836,— 
“ 
+H. H. Dexter, 
.. X Y. State Medical Society, 
1838 
John Condit Halsey, 
.. College Physicians a nd Surgeons, X. Y., 1834,.. 
1839 
Christopher R. McClellan,., 
.. University of Maryland, 1835, 
tJunius J. Hulbert, 
.. X. Y. County Medical Society, 1839, 
1S41 
(Dayton Decker, 
.. Xew York State Medical Society, 1840, 
“ 
’Robert Rosman, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1S32 
1842 
Wm. Kellogg Brown, 
.. Medical Department, Dartmouth College, 1829,. 
George I. Bennet, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1842, 
1 John W. Corson, . 
. A Ibany “ College, 1S42, 
“ 
( David Fisher Atwater, 
. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1842, 
U 
’Ezekiel Ostrander, 
.. Columbia College, Medical Department. 1804, 
“ 
’Dudley Atkins, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1820, 
’Edward Bullus 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1833,... 
1843 
’Robert McMillan, 
.. X. Y. State Medical Society, 1S13, 
1844 
AVm. Henry Dudley, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1842,.... 
“ 
James Harvey Henry, 
,. Berkshire Medical Institution, 1827, 
“ 
’YVm. Coley Betts, 
.. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1843, 
“ 
’John McKenna, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1843 
Henry J. Cullen, 
. Geneva Medical College; XL S. C. Kings, 1843,.. 
“ 
tJno. Mosely Moriarty, 
. Harvard University, 1831, 
“ 
Jas. Howard Hutchins, 
. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1840, 
“ 
1'Sam’l. Johnson Osborn, 
. College Physicians and Surgeons, A'. Y., 1844,... 
“ 
Andrew Otterson, 
. University, City of Xeiv York, 1S44, 
1845 6 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF MEMBERSHIP. 
tHenry L. Benjamin, 
... College Physician# and Surgeons, Fairfield, 1832, 
. 1845 
Daniel Avres, Jr., 
... University, City of New York, 1845, 
“ 
Chauncey L. Mitchell,.... 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1S36, 
“ 
*X. Anderson Wade, 
... Berkshire Medical Institution, 1S43, 
“ 
tJohn F. Morse, 
... University, City of New York, 1844, 
“ 
tChas. Brueninghausen, — 
“ Berlin, Prussia, 
1846 
+James D. Trask, 
“ City of New York, 1S44, 
“ 
Mos. Patrick Colgan, 
... Jefferson Medical College, Pennsylvania, 1844, 
1847 
*John Cochran, 
.. College Physicians and Suraeons, N. Y., 1843, 
“ 
Edwin N. Chapman, 
.. Jefferson Medical College, Pennsylvania, 1845 
“ 
t'Ohas. Smith Shelton, 
... Medical Institution, Yale College, 1844, 
“ 
’Daniel Brooks, 
.. Vermont Medical College, 1845, 
“ 
Ulric Palmedo,. 
.. University, Goettingen, 1830, and Berlin, 
“ 
tEdward E. Price, 
.. N. Y. State Medical Society, 1845, 
1848 
t Benjamin Weeks, 
.. Vermont Academy of Medicine, 1836, 
“ 
John Adams Betts, 
... Medical Institution of Yale Collegf, 1848 
“ 
t Matthew IP. Hudson, 
.. Berkshire Medical Institution, 1844 
“ 
Wm. Henry Williams, 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1&47 
“ 
tEdward C. Franklin, 
.. University, City of New York, 1844, 
“ 
James Crane, Jr., 
.. Jefferson Medical College, Penn., 1829, 
John Ball, 
.. University, City of New York, 1846 
“ 
tEdward Hagerty, 
“ of Maryland, 1843, 
V 
Otto Rotton, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1S59... 
“ 
’Augustus Kalt, 
... University of Bonn, Germany 
1S49 
tGarritt V. Manley, 
.. Castleton Medical College, 1846 
’Titus William Powers, 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1 S31 
“ 
Horatio Southgate Smith,.. 
‘ Department, Bowdoin “ 1S43, 
“ 
u 
tFrederick Morris 
“ l' City of New York, 1842 
« 
Daniel Embury Kissam,. .. 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y, 1S4S, 
1850 
Robert R. Rhodes, 
.. University, City of New York. 1S50, 
“ 
’Augustus Robbins, 
.. Harvard University, 1832, 
“ 
Roger Smith Olmstead,.... 
.. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1849 
1852 
u 
* Leonard C. McPhail, 
“ Maryland, 1832, and Paris, 
« 
Alexander Little, 
.. New York Medical College, 1852 
1853 
’William H. Van Duyne,.... 
.. Medical Society, County Kings, 1857, 
1857 
George Cochran 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. 1852, 
1S5S 
Joseph C. Hutchison, 
.. University of Pennsylvania. 184S, 
“ 
’Clias. Edward Isaacs, 
“ “ Maryland, 1833 
' “ 
John Van Ness, 
.. M. S. C. Kings, 1S52; M. D. Regents, Umv., N. I'..1867, 
“ 
’Charles Neuhaus 
.’. University of Berlin, Prussia 
“ 
James Strong, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. 3'., 1S55 
“ 
Richard Barthelmess, 
.. University, Wurtzhurg, Bavaria, 
“ 
Arnold Hallett, 
“ City of New York, 1S48, 
“ CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
7 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF MEMBERSHIP. 
Samuel J. Swalm, 
.... .V. 1’. State Medical Society, 1S45, 
tCarl Aug. Louis Bauer,... 
... University of Berlin, Prussia, 
.. “ 
Richard Miles Buell, 
... Medical Institution, Yale College., 1S52, 
.. “ 
*\Vm. Ferdinand Heuser... 
... University, Marburg, Hesse Cassel, 1 SAB, 
... “ 
John Byrne 
... University of Edinburgh, 1S45, 
.. “ 
Samuel Hart, 
... Harvard University, 1821., 
... “ 
Dillon S. Landon, 
... University, City of Sew York, 1849, 
... “ 
tD. Tompkins Gray, 
“ “ “ 1852, 
... “ 
"William Arming, 
... University of Vienna, Austria, 
.. “ 
Jno. T. Gilman Leach,.... 
... College Physicians and Surgeons., X. Y., 1831, 
.. “ 
Agrippa Nelson Bell, 
... Jefferson Medical College, Penn., 1842, 
...- “ 
John A. Brady, 
... Vermont “ “ 1S52, 
.. “ 
Harrison Teller, 
... Medical Society, Westchester Co., 1838, 
.. “ 
tLewis Cruger Hasell, 
... University of Pennsylvania, 1852, 
.. 1859 
Jno. Sylvester Youug, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1854, 
.. “ 
William E. Mulhallon,— 
... Jefferson Medical College, Penn., 1841, 
. . “ 
tJohn Hill, Jr., 
... University, City of Xew York, 1845, 
.. “ 
"Elisha Barber, 
... Harvard University, 1S53, 
“ 
Orson Hopkins Smith, 
... Vermont Medical College, 1848, 
.. “ 
J. H. Hobart Burge, 
... University, City qf Xew York, 184S, 
.. “ 
Jas. Lorenzo Farley, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1857, 
.. “ 
John Cooper, 
... Royal College of Surgeons (London) 1S37, 
.. “ 
James M. Minor, 
... University of Pennsylvania, 1837, 
“ 
"Francis M. Potter, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1832, 
“ 
+William E. Whitehead, 
... University, City of Xew York, 1S53, 
.. “ 
"Dewitt C. Enos, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1S46, 
. “ 
John T. Conkling, 
“ “ “ “ 1S55, 
.. “ 
Henry C. Simms, 
.. Jefferson Medical College, Penn., 1855, 
“ 
Nelson Luther North, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1854, 
. “ 
Joseph Mott Turner, 
... Transylvania University, Ky., 1841, 
. “ 
Charles T. Chase, 
.. Jefferson Medichl College, Penn., 1850, 
. “ 
Edward R. Squibb, 
“ “ “ “ 1845, 
“ 
"Cornelius H. Murphy, 
... University, City of Xew York, 1857, 
. “ ' 
tCharles G. Rothe, 
... X. Y. Medical College, 1S53, 
. “ 
Homer Lyman Bartlett,.... 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1855, 
. “ 
William H. Gardiner, 
“ City of Xew York, 1847, 
tHiram Hayden Atwater,... 
... Vermont Medical College., 1S51, 
“ 
Fred. C. De Mund, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1855, 
. “ 
James S. Hawley, 
.. Medical Department, University of Buffalo, 1850,.. 
. “ 
"JohnJ. Campbell, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1856, 
. 
.James Stewart, 
.. Harvard University, 1852, 
. “ 
tJohn Malone, 
.. Georgetown Medical College., 
. I860 
tW. B. Crandall, 
.. Albany “ “ 1S5S, 
“ 
tChas. Edw. Briggs, 
.. Harvard University, 1856, 
. “ 8 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF 
.MEMBERSHIP. 
tBeuj. Franklin Bassett,.... 
.. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1851, 
1860 
Joseph B. Jones, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1855,... 
Timothy M. Ingraham 
.. Vermont Medical College, 1845, 
N. W. Leighton, 
.. .V. Y. “ “ 1S58, 
tJas. Lawrence Little, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., I860,.. 
Robert Ormiston, Jr., 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1858, 
1 SGI 
John Geo. Johnson, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. I’., 1857,. 
“ 
tFrank Hastings Hamilton,.. 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1833, 
“ 
William Law, Jr., 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1851,.. 
“ 
•Richard H. Ilinman, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1858,.. 
“ 
Cornelius H. Schapps, 
.. X. Y. State Medical Society, 1840 
“ 
William W. Reese, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1845, 
“ 
Alex. Duncan Willson, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1859,... 
“ 
Cornelius Olcott, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1849, 
“ 
Isaac Henry Barber, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. F., 1851.... 
“ 
tChester Parkhurst, 
.. Castleton Medical College, 1828, 
“ 
Thos. Knowlton Marcy, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., I860,... 
“ 
.1 William Housel, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1833, 
1862 
Jos. Edwin Clark, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y.. 1849,... 
“ 
Daniel Albert Dodge, 
“ “ “ “ 1852,... 
“ 
Joseph P. Colgan, Jr., 
“ “ “ “ “ 1857,... 
...... “ 
Alexander Cochran, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1855,... 
“ 
William Gilfillan, 
.. University, Edinburgh, 
“ 
•William Hale Davol, 
.. Harvard University, 1850, 
Nathaniel Ford, 
.. Medical Department, Iloicdoin College, 1886 
“ 
tJames M. Allen, Jr., 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1856,.. 
“ 
Sam’l Paul Mcllroy, 
.. “ “ “ “ 1858,.. 
1863 
Sam'l Fleet Speir, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1860, 
“ 
tlnglis Lough, 
“ “ “ 1S61, 
“ 
tJarvis M. Andrews 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1845 
“ 
Edward H. Duggan, 
.. Long Island College Hospital. 1861, 
“ 
tCharles W. Bates, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1860, 
“ 
Sam’l Hawley Olmstead 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1861, 
“ 
tEdward Bennett, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1862, 
“ 
•Alpheus Brvant Clarke 
.. Medical Institution of Yale College, 1850 
1864 
Thomas G. Catlin, 
.. Medical Society, St. Lawrence Co., 1830, 
“ 
Edw. Arnold Whaley, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1851,.. 
“ 
tGeo. H. R. Bennet, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1860, 
1865 
t John Thornley, 
“ of Pennsylvania, 1838, 
“ 
Rich’d Cresson Stiles, 
“ “ “ 1854, 
“ 
George F. Ayling, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1864, 
“ 
Alex. J. C. Skene, 
.. “ “ “ “ 1863, 
“ 
John L. Zabriskie, 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1853, 
“ 
•Thomas J. C. Keily, 
.. Philadelphia College of Medicine, 
« CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
9 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF MEMBERSHIP, 
Jarvis S. Wight, 
.. Long Island Colleqe Hospital, 1864, 
. 1865 
George K. Smith, 
.. University, City of New York, 1S59, 
it 
Tennis Schenck, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N, Y., 1865, 
il 
Joshua Green Wilbur, 
.. Harvard University, 1S62, 
. I860 
t John W. Kobie, 
... College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1861, 
(( 
James R. Bird, 
00 
»o 
CO 
it 
Alexander Hutchins, 
... New York Medical College, 1860, 
it 
Beniamin F. Fessenden,.. 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1843, 
ii 
Wm. Carter Otterson, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1852, 
a 
B. Phillips, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1865 
a 
Francis Goodwin, 
.. Royal College of Surgeons, (London) 
it 
Fred. Henry Colton, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1864, 
it 
Jonathan S. Prout, 
.. National Medical College, 1856, 
it 
Charles Corey, 
... Medical Department, Dartmouth College, 1856, 
it 
Wm. Henry Thayer, 
.. Harvard University, 1844, 
il 
Francis W. Bird, 
.. Queen's University, Canada, 1859, 
it 
Homer Geo. Newton, 
.. University, City of New York, 1863, 
ti 
Joel Wilbur Hyde, 
... Medical Institution, Yale College, 1361, 
it 
Ponce Marie Nichtern,.... 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1846, 
a 
John J. Caldwell, 
.. New York Medical College, 1858, 
<i 
Albert Vickers, 
.. University of Maryland, 
a 
Daniel Ambrose, 
.. Queen's University, Ireland, 
a 
Thomas Wilde, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1866, 
a 
tThomas P. Norris, 
.. University, City of New York, 1854, 
. 1867 
t James McMillan, 
.. Long Island Colleae Hospital, 1S63, 
it 
Lewis D. Mason, 
.. “ 1866, 
it 
it »fc « u « 
il 
Nathan Alden Robbins, 
.. Harvard University, 1S64, 
Sam’l Nelson Fisk 
... University, City of Neiv York, 1861, 
. “ 
Matthew Francis Regan... 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1856... 
U 
Henry Cushman Turner... 
“ “ “ “ “ 1867,... 
it 
John C. Goodridge, Jr.,... 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1866, 
il 
Rich’d Morris Wyckoff,... 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1864, 
a 
Justus Elmore Gregory,... 
.. Albany Medical College, 1863, 
a 
Orson C. Sparrow, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1864, 
a 
Arthur Mathewson, 
.. University, City of New York, 1861, 
a 
tClarence Ewen, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1862, 
ti 
Herbert Fearn, 
.. X. Y. Medical College, 1857, 
a 
William Wallace, 
.. University of Edinburgh, 1856, 
a 
tEdward A. Brown, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1861, 
a 
*Orestes M. Pray, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1863, 
a 
Richard H. Stone, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1866,... 
a 
Alfred Large, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1865, 
. 1868 
Joseph C. Snively, 
.. “ “ “ “ 1867, 
“ 10 
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF 
MEMBERSHIP. 
A. Warner Shepard, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1S66, 
1868 
Win. Jas. Gilfillan, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1862,.. 
it 
tArthur Edw. Spohn, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1867, 
ii 
Charles C. Jewett, 
.. X. Y. Medical College, 1S54, 
a 
it 
Jonathan A. White, 
“ “ “ 1852, 
it 
Alex. Jos. Rooney, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1867, 
a 
George W. Baker, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1864,.. 
a 
Thos. Naegele DeBowes,... 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1858, 
Jerome Walker, 
.. College Physicians and Stirgeons, X. Y., 1868,... 
a 
Mames Bigelow, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1866, 
a 
Geo. Aug. Ostrander, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1858,.. 
a 
Noah Tittemore, 
.. University of Vermont, 1863, 
a 
William H. Randolph, 
“ “ Michigan, 1862, 
a 
John W. Ostrander, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. F., 1866,.. 
a 
Patrick Pendergast, 
“ “ “ 11 “ 1S53,.. 
a 
Charles H. Potter, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, ISO1', 
a 
Dominick G. Bodkin,..' 
.. University, City of Xew York, 1866, 
tJohn M. Kellogg, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. F., 1868,.. 
a 
William H. Harlin, 
“ “ “ *• “ 1863,.. 
a 
James A. Blanchard, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1867,.. 
a 
Chas. Fred. Clark, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1S66,.. 
I860 
Chas. Alfred Boner, 
.. Harvard University, 1868, 
*Lurad Heath Crook, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1865, 
Job Corbin, 
.. University of Vermont, 1859, 
Charles H. Terry, 
.. Albany Medical College, 1864, 
Albert Coberg Ilallam, 
.. Medical Institution, Yale College, 1866, 
“ 
George Z. Bretz, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1864, 
Peter Rouse Cortelyou,— 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1867, 
Audley Haslett, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1867,. 
G. Rankine White, 
. University of Edinburgh, 1863, 
“ 
tCharles W. Vrooman, 
“ “ Michigan, 1868, 
it 
•David Richard Klawitter,.. 
“ “ Greifswald, Prussia, 1863, 
it 
Chas. Henry Giberson, 
“ “ Vermont, 1861, 
it 
John N. Freeman 
.. “ “ City of Xeiv York, 1860, 
Thomas P. Corbally, 
. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1S68, 
it 
John W. Hamilton, 
.. Jefferson Medical College, 1S55, 
it 
Nelson Samuel Drake, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. F., 1853,... 
it 
Thos. Andrew Brady, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1867, 
it 
George G. Hopkins, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1868, 
it 
Wm. Merrill Bullard, 
“ “ Goettingen, Germany, 1867, 
Benj. Avery Segur, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. F., I860,.. 
William A. Bliss 
. A Ibany Medical College, 1866, 
Charles A. H. Szigethy, 
.. University, Giessen, Germany, 
“ 
James Watt, 
.. Long Island College Hospital, 1866, 
1870 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST. 
11 
NAME. 
GRADUATE OR LICENTIATE OF DATE OF MEMBERSHII’. 
Joseph Mulreany, 
.. Iioy at College of Surgeons, London and Edinburgh,.. 
1S70 
Frank Williams Rockwell,.. 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. 1S68 
“ 
Peter J. Dwyer, 
.. Queen's University, Ireland, 1862, 
“ 
Samuel B. Childs, 
.. University, City of Sew York, 1869, 
« 
John D. Sullivan, 
“ “ “ “ 1867, 
u 
Nathaniel Matson 
“ “ “ “ 1864 
William H. Bates, 
“ “ “ “ 1863, 
L 
tFred. Wooster Owen, 
.. Georgetown Medical College ; University, Paris, 
“ 
F. W. Wunderlich, 
.. St, Louis Medical College, 1864,.’ 
“ 
tChas. Dana T. Gibson, 
.. College of Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1868, 
“ 
Jno. Geo. Shuttleworth, 
.. University, City of New York, 1867, 
“ 
Charles J. Stall], 
“ “ “ “ 1869 
«« 
Edward G. Colton, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1868, 
“ 
tEgbert D. Doolittle, 
“ “ “ “ 1870, 
“ 
Alex. Ross Matheson, 
.. University of Michigan, 1870, 
“ 
John H. Sterling, 
“ City of New York, 1869, 
“ 
Samuel G. Armor, 
.. Kemper Medical College, Missouri, 1844, 
“ 
Elijah W. Carpenter, 
.. Harvard University, 1837, 
“ 
Stephen C. Griggs, 
.. University, City of New York, 1849, 
“ 
“James J. McCarty, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 186S, 
“ 
William F. Bedell, 
u 
Claude B. Schlatter, 
“ Zurich, Switzerland, 1864, 
« 
George Wackerhagen, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. 3".. 1869, 
“ 
Henry McManus, 
“ 
1871 
Henry Clay Matthews,.. .. . 
.. University of Vermont, 1870, 
“ 
t Myron 'J. Davis, 
.. Albany Medical College, 1860, 
“ 
Geo. Miller Beard, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. X., 1866, 
“ 
Arnold Welles Catlin, 
.. University of Pennsylvania, 1S65, 
“ 
Rich’d Gottlob Hesse, 
“ “ Germany, 1869, 
“ 
Charles Jewett, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, X. Y., 1871, 
“ 
Edw. Seaman Bunker, 
.. Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1871, 
“ 
William McCollom, 
. Castleton Medical College, 1853, 
“ 
Samuel Santoire, 
.. Victoria University, Montreal, 1869 
“ 
Wilbur Fisk Sanford, 
.. University, City of New York, 1867, 
“ 
John Adam Brodie, 
.. College Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y., 1855, 
“ 
Joseph H. Raymond, 
“ “ “ “ “ 1869, 
“ 
Alpheus Benning Crosby,.. 
.. Medical Department, Dartmouth College, 1856, 
“ 
Jas. Duncan Wade, 
. University, City of Nero York, 1866, 
1872 
Cyrus Sweetser Mann, 
. Harvard University, 1843, 
“ 
J. Williams Henry, 
. Georgetown, Medical College, 1866, 
“ 
John D. Rushmore, 
. College Physicians and Surgeons, 1S70, 
“ 
* Deceased. 
t Removed. 
t Expelled. |oNOKARY 
Samuel Osborn, of New York City, .... 1827 
A. B. Cooke, Surgeon U. S. N., ..... 1827 
Richard Pennel, of New York City, . . . 1829 
Alexander E. Hosack, of New York City, . . 1832 
Sir James Y. Simpson, of Edinburgh, . . . 1868 
J. Marion Sims, of New York City, .... 1868 
Licentiates. 
Nelson A. Garrison, ...... 1824 
Joseph N. Smith, ........ 1827 
John Fred. Sickels, ....... 1827 
Hartsiiorne Gregory, ....... 1829 
Wm. A. Clarke, ....... 1832 
Henry A. Ruding, ....... 1832 
Philip Harvey, ......... 1833 
John Y. E. Vanderhoef, ..... 1833 
Stephen M. Disbrow, 1834 
Henry J. Cullen, 1843 
Nelson J. Tucker, 1848 
John Yan Ness, ....... 1852 
William H. Yan Duyne, 1857 RESIDENTS. 
Cornelius Low, . . . . . 1822 to 1825 
Joseph G. T. Hunt, 1825 to 1833 
Thomas W. Henry, . . . . . 1831 to 1833 
Charles Ball, ...... 1833 to 1835 
Isaac I. Rapelye, . . . . . . 1835 
Mi lithew Wendell, ....... 1836 
Adrian Vanderveer, ..... 1837, 1838 
John B. Zabriskie, ....... 1839 
Purcell Cooke, ....... 1840, 1841 
Theo. L. Mason, . . . . . • 1842, 1843 
Bradley Parker, ........ 1844 
Purcell Cooke, . . • • • • • 1845 
J. Sullivan Thorne, ..... . 1846 
Lucius Hyde ........ 1847 
Chauncey L. Mitchell, 1848 
Henry J. Cullen, ‘ . - • • • • 1849 
James H. Henry', ........ 1850 
Samuel J. Osborn, . . . • • . • 1851 
George Marvin, ........ 1852 
Andrew Otterson, ..... 1853, 1854 
George I. Bennet, . . • • •' • 1855 
T. Anderson Wade, ...... 1856 
Samuel Boyd, ........ 1857 
Chauncey L. Mitchell, ..... 1858, 1859 
Daniel Brooks, . . . • • • .1860 
Chris. R. McClellan, 1861 
Samuel Hart, ........ 1862 
Dewitt C. Enos, ....... 1863 
Joseph C. Hutchison, 1864 
John T. Conkling, 1865 
Andrew Otterson, 1866 
William W. Reese, . . • • • • ■- 1867 
R. Cresson Stiles, ..... 1868, 1869 
J. H. Hobart Burge, . . • • • 1870, 1871 
Wm. Henry Thayer, ...... 1872 Hist or 0cxivr 
Ambrose, Daniel 
Armor, S. G. 
Ayling, Geo. F. 
Baker, Geo. W. 
Ball, John 
Barber, Isaac H. 
Barthelmess, R. 
Bartlett, H. L. 
Bates, W. H. 
Beard, Geo. M. 
Bedell, W. F. 
Bell, A. Nelson 
Bennet, Geo. I. 
Bird, Francis W. 
Bird, J. R. 
Blanchard, J. A. 
Bliss, Wm. A. 
Bodkin, D. G. 
Boner, Chas. A. 
Brady, John A. 
Brady, T. A. 
Bretz, Geo. Z. 
Brodie, J. A. 
Brown, Wm. K. 
Buell, Richard M. 
Bullard, Wm. M. 
Bunker, E. S. 
Burge, J. H. Hobart 
Byrne, John 
Caldwell, John J. 
Carpenter, E. W. 
Catlin, Arnold W. 
Catlin, Thos. G. 
Chapman, E. N. 
Childs, S. B. 
Clark, Chas. F. 
Clark, Joseph E. 
Cochran, George 
Colgan, Joseph P. 
Colton, E. G. 
Colton. Fred. H. 
Conkling, J. T. 
Cooke. C. L. 
Corbally, Thos. P. 
Corbin. Job 
Corey, Chas. 
Cortelyou, P. R. 
Crane, Jas. 
Crosby, A. B. 
Cullen, Henry J. 
De Bowes, Thos. N. 
DeMund, Fred. C. 
Dodge, Daniel A. 
Drake, Nelson S. 
Dudley, Wm. H. 
Dwyer, P. J. 
Elmendorf, J. L. H. 
Farley, James L. 
Fearn, Herbert 
Fessenden. B. F. 
Fisk, S. Nelson 
Ford, Nathaniel 
Freeman, John N. 
Gardiner, W. H. 
Giberson, Chas. H. 
Gilfillan, Geo. 
Gilfillan, W. 
Gilfillan, Wm. J. 
Goodridge, J. C.. Jr. 
Goodwin, Francis, 
Gregory, J. Elmore 
Griggs, S. C. 
Hallam, Albert C. 
Hallett, Arnold 
Halsey, J. Condit, 
Hamilton, John W. 
Harlin. W. H. 
Hart, Samuel 
llaslett, Audley 
Hawley, James S. 
Henry, James H. 
Henry J. W. 
Hesse, R. G. 
Hopkins, Geo. G. 
Howard, Jos. 
Hutchins, Alex. 
Hutchison, Jos. C. 
Hyde, Joel W. 
Jewett, Charles 
Jewett, Charies C. 
Johnson, John G. 
Landon. D. S. 
Large, Alfred 
Law, Wm., Jr. 
Leach, John T. G. 
Leighton, N. W. 
Little, Alex. 
Mann, C. S. 
Marvin, George 
Mason, Lewis D. 
Mason. Theodore L. 
Matheson, A. R. 
Mathewson, Arthur 
Matson, Nathaniel 
Matthews. H. C. 
McClellan, Chris. R. 
McCollom, Wm. 
Mcllroy, Samuel P. 
McManus, Henry, 
Mitchell, C. L. 
Mulhallon, Wm. E. 
Mulreany, Jos. 
Newton, Homer G. 
Nichtern, Ponce M. 
Olcott, Cornelius 
Olmstead, Sami. H. 
Ormiston, Robert 
Ostrander, F. W. 
Ostrander, Geo. A. 
Ostrander, John W. 
Otterson, Andrew, 
Otterson, Wm. C. 
Palmedo, TTlric, 
Pendergast, P. 
Potter, Chas. H. 
Prout. J. 8. 
Randolph, Wm. H. 
Raymond, J. It. 
Reese, Wm. W. 
Regan, Matthew F. 
Rhodes, Robert R. 
Rockwell. Frank W. 
Rooney, Alex. J. 
Rotton, Otto 
Rowland, Chas. 
Rushmore, J. D. 
Sanford, W. F. 
fSantdire, S. 
Schajvps, Cornelius H. 
Scheuck, Teunis 
Schlatter, C. B. 
Segur, B. A. 
Shepard, A. W. 
Shuttleworth, J. G. 
Skene, A. J. C. 
Smith, Geo. K. 
Smith, Horatio S. 
Snively, Jos. C. 
Sparrow, O. C. 
Speir, S. Fleet 
Squibb, Edw. R. 
Stahl, C. J. 
Sterling, J. H. 
Stewart, James 
Stiles, R. Cresson 
Stone, Richard H. 
Sullivan, John D. 
Swalm, Samuel J. 
Swift, William 
Szigethy, Chas. A. H. 
Teller, Harrison 
Terry, Chas. H. 
Thayer, Wm. Henry 
Thorne, J. Sullivan 
Tittemore, Noah 
Turner, Henry C. 
Turner, Jos. M. 
Van Ness, John 
Vickers, Albert 
Wackerhagen, G. 
Wade. J. D. 
■Wallace. Wm. 
Watt. James 
Whaley, E. Arnold 
White, G. Rankine 
White, Hiram B. 
White, Jona. A. 
Wight, Jarvis S. 
Wilbur, J. G. 
Wilde, Thomas 
Williams, Wm. If. 
Willson, A. Duncan 
Wunderlich, F. W. 
Wyckoff, Richard M. 
Young, John S. 
Zabriskie, John L. b -y _ Xj a w s 
OF THE 
||fiiriil |irittg oi Ijc fo»iit§ it |jnj| 
Amended and adopted January Kith, 1872. 
CHAPTER I. 
TITLE, OFFICERS, AND MEETINGS OF THE SOCIETY. 
Art. 1. This Society shall be entitled “ The Medical Society 
of the County of Kings.” It shall consist of Resident, Non- 
resident, and Honorary Members. 
Art. 2. The officers of the Society shall be a President, a 
Vice-President, a Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, a Treasurer, 
a Librarian, and five Censors, who shall be elected by ballot, by a 
majority vote, at the annual meeting. 
Art. 3. Stated meetings shall be held on the third Tuesday 
of each month—that in January shall be the annual meeting. Of 
these meetings notice shall be given to each member whose name 
appears on the “ List of Active Members.” 
Art. 4. Special meetings may be called by the President at 
his own option, or by the request, in writing, of five members, of 
which due notice shall be given as provided for in the case of 
stated meetings. 
Art. 5. Nominations for officers and delegates shall be made 
at the December meeting. The Secretary shall have the names 
of all nominees printed on slips of paper, two of which shall be 
sent to each active member with the notice of the annual meet- 16 
ing. If, at any election, more than one balloting for any office be 
required to elect, the name of the candidate having the fewest 
votes shall be withdrawn after each balloting. 
Art. 6. Ten members shall form a quorum for the transaction 
of business; but for scientific and literary purposes, a quorum 
shall always be presumed, unless an actual count be called for. 
by-laws. 
CHAPTER II. 
ORDER OF BUSINESS AND RULES OF ORDER. 
Art. 1. At each monthly meeting, after the presiding officer 
shall have called the Society to order, the following shall be the 
Order of Business: 
1. Reading of the Minutes. 
2. Applications for membership ; at the December meeting, 
nominations for officers and delegates, and reading of amend- 
ments to the By-Laws. 
3. Report of Council and election of members. 
4. Communications, discussions, reading of papers and pre- 
sentation of specimens, in the order directed by the presiding 
officer. 
5. Report of scientific and other committees. 
6. Unfinished business. 
7. New business. 
Art 2.—At special meetings, the minutes of previous meetings 
shall be read so far as they relate to the object for which the 
meeting was convened, and no further ; and business, not speci- 
fied in the notice sent to members, shall not be transacted. 
Art. 3. At the annual meeting, the following shall be the 
Order of Business : 
1. Reading of minutes. 
2. Applications for Membership. 
3. Election of Officers and Delegates 
4. Report of Council. 
5. Election of Members. 
6. Reports of Treasurer and Librarian. 
7. Amendments to By-Laws. B Y - T, A W S . 
17 
Art. 4. Vacancies may be filled by vote at any stated meet- 
ing. 
Art. 5. The following shall be the Rules of Order of this 
Society : 
1. Any member who may speak on any subject or question 
before the Society, shall rise and address the President. 
2. Every member shall have the privilege of speaking twice 
on any question under consideration, but not oftener, unless by 
permission of the Society. 
3. Any member called to order while speaking, shall sit down, 
and the debate be suspended until the point of order is settled. 
4. All questions of order shall be decided by the Chair, sub- 
ject to an appeal, which shall be determined by vote, without 
debate. 
5. No motion shall be made while a member is speaking ; and 
in all cases, the mover must rise and address the Chair. 
6. All resolutions and amendments shall be offered in writing 
when required by any member. 
7. No motion or resolution shall be considered unless sec- 
onded ; nor question, unless stated by the President. 
8. When a question is under debate, no motion shall be re- 
ceived but to adjourn, to lay on the table, for the previous ques- 
tion, to postpone, to refer or to amend ; which several motions 
shall have precedence in the order in which they are here ar- 
ranged. The first three shall be decided without debate. 
9. When a blank is to be filled, the question shall be first 
taken on the highest number, the greatest sum, or longest time 
proposed. 
10. Any member may call for a division of a question, when 
the sense will admit of it. 
11. The yeas and nays on any question when called for by 
five members present, shall be taken without debate and recorded 
on the minutes. 
12. After any question has been decided, except one of in- 
definite postponement, any two members who voted in the 
majority, may, at the same or next stated meeting, move for a 18 
BY-LAWS. 
reconsideration thereof; without which, no discussion shall be 
allowed. 
13. All questions of order, not provided for by these rules, 
shall be determined by parliamentary usage. 
CHAPTER III. 
PRESIDENT. 
Aiit. 1. It shall be the duly of the President to preside at all 
meetings of the Society ; to call the meetings to order at the 
appointed time, and to preserve order and decorum. He may 
dissolve any meeting that may become disorderly. 
Art. 2. He shall perform the duties prescribed by the Stat- 
utes, By-Laws and Resolutions of the Society. 
Art. 3. He may deliver an inaugural address at the meeting 
in April. 
Art. 4. He shall appoint all committees not otherwise ordered 
by special resolution. 
Art. 5. He shall take the sense of the Society on every mo- 
tion made and seconded, and declare the result* 
Art. 6. He, or any member who may preside, shall have no 
vote, except on questions where there is an equal division of 
voices. 
Art. 7. He shall give a certificate of membership to all mem- 
bers elect who have signed the By-Laws and paid the initiation 
fee. 
Art. 8. He shall confer a diploma of license on such persons 
as are certified by the Censors to be qualified for the practice of 
phasic and surgery, on receiving for such diploma the sum of 
five dollars for the use of the Society. 
Art. 9. He shall pay to the Treasurer all moneys he may re 
ceive for the use of the Society. 
Art. 10. He shall keep on file all documents and certificates 
in relation to the Society, which are by law deposited with him ; 
and these shall be delivered to his successor. 
Art. 11. It shall be his duty to procure papers, communica- 
tions, &c., on scientific subjects, for presentation and discussion 
at the stated meetings of the Society, BY-LAWS. 
19 
CHAPTER IV. 
VICE-PRESIDENT. 
The Vice-President, in the absence of the President, shall pre- 
side, and perform the duties of the President. 
CHAPTER V. 
SECRETARY. 
Art. 1. The Secretary shall perform the duties directed by 
the Statutes, the By-Laws and Resolutions of the Society. 
Art. 2. He shall keep in his book a full and distinct record 
of all the transactions of the Society, and a chronological list of 
all the members. 
Art. 3. He shall publish, at least once in each year, in one or 
more newspapers, a list of the members of the Society who are 
not in arrears with the Treasurer, which shall be known as the 
“ List of Active Members.” 
Art. 4. He shall inform all persons admitted to membership 
of their election, and notify them to call upon him, pay the initia- 
tion fee, and sign the By-Laws ; and he shall report at the annual 
meeting the names of all members elect who have neglected or 
refused to do so in accordance with the regulations of the Society. 
Art. 5. He shall permit no member-elect to sign the By Laws 
of the Society until the initiation fee be paid. 
Art. 6. He shall conduct the correspondence of the Society. 
He shall retain copies of all letters written by him in behalf of 
the Society, and preserve on file all letters and communications 
received by him in his official capacity, and report the same at 
each stated meeting. 
CHAPTER VI. 
ASSISTANT SECRETARY. 
The Assistant Secretary shall issue notices of all meetings of 
the Society, assist the Secretary in the discharge of his duties, 
and in his absence perform them. 20 
lil-I, A W S' . 
CHAPTER VII. 
TREASURER. 
Art. 1. The Treasurer shall perform the duties directed by 
the Statutes, the By-Laws and Resolutions of the Society. 
Art. 2. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to present a bill 
of the annual dues to each member every year, showing all ar- 
rearages, and to demand payment of the same, at least twice, 
while unpaid, during the year in which such bill may have been 
rendered. For this purpose, the Treasurer is authorized to have 
the necessary blank printed, and to employ a competent collector. 
Art. 3. On the written approval of the President, he shall 
pay all bills of the Society as they become due. 
Art. 4. He shall render an account, at every annual meeting, 
of all the moneys received and expended by him, and of all 
balances remaining in his hands, and state what assessment will 
be necessary to cover the expenses of the ensuing year. 
Art. 5. He shall report to the Society, at the annual meeting, 
the names of those on the “List of Active Members,” and of 
those suspended for unpaid dues. 
CHAPTER VIII. 
LIBRARIAN. 
The Librarian shall have charge of all books, pamphlets man- 
uscripts, anatomical or pathological specimens, apparatus, instru- 
ments, medals, coins, or scientific property, of whatever kind, and 
affix to each donation the name of the donor; keep a catalogue; 
observe such rules as shall be prescribed for the regulation ot his 
department, and render a full account thereof, at least once a 
year, and oftener.if required. 
CHAPTER IX. 
CENSORS. 
Art. 1. The Censors shall perform the duties prescribed by 
the Statutes, the By-Laws and Resolutions of the Society. 
Art. 2. In the absence of the President and Vice-President, 
the senior Censor shall preside. B Y - L A W S . 
21 
Art. 3. The seniority of the Censors shall be determined by 
the Censors themselves, immediately after their election, and 
notice thereof shall be given to the President and Secretary. 
Art. 4. The Censors shall examine the credentials and inves- 
tigate the professional and personal character of each candidate 
for admission to membership, and shall report thereon to the 
Council as soon as practicable. 
Art. 5. They shall examine all applicants for license to prac- 
tice physic and surgery, who have complied with the requisitions 
of the Statutes of the State, and the By-Laws of the Society ; 
and shall give to those qualified a certificate to that effect, ad- 
dressed to the President. 
CHAPTER X. 
THE COUNCIL. 
Art. 1. The officers of the Society shall constitute the Coun- 
cil. 
Art. 2. The Council shall meet on the Wednesday preceding 
each annual and stated meeting of the Society. 
Art. 3. The President may call a meeting of the Council 
whenever he may deem it necessary. 
Art. 4. The President or Vice-President together with three 
Censors, shall constitute a quorum for the examination of candi- 
dates for license ; but any four members may constitute a quorum 
for the transaction of other business. 
Art. 5. The journal of the proceedings of the Council shall 
be kept by the Secretary, and read at each annual meeting, to- 
gether with the names of the attending and absent members ; and 
if it shall appear that any member has been absent from three 
stated meetings in succession, without having assigned a satisfac- 
tory reason, he shall be ineligible to office for the ensuing year. 
Art. 6. The Council shall make the necessary arrangements for 
the meetings of the Society, and execute such other duties as the 
Society may direct Its action shall at all times be subject to the 
approval of the Society. 22 
b y -1. a w s 
Art. 7. The Council may make rules and regulations for its 
own government, consistent with the By-Laws of the Society. 
Art. 8 It shall be the duty of the Council to take cognizance 
of breaches of the precepts of medical ethics, which shall be laid 
before it, and it may report the results of its proceedings thereon 
to the Society, if it think proper 
CHAPTER XI. 
DELEGATES. 
The Delegates shall perform the duties required by the Statutes 
of the State, and support the honor and dignity, and obey the 
orders and resolutions, of the Society. 
CHAPTER XII. 
RESIDENT AND NON-RESIDENT MEMBERS. 
Art 1. The resident members shall consist of physicians and 
surgeons only. 
Art. 2. To support the honor and dignity of the medical pro- 
fession, and discharge the duties of a practitioner with fidelity 
and integrity is the duty of each member. 
Art. 3. It shall be the duty of every member to observe the 
codes of medical ethics adopted by this Society. 
Art. 4. Members, on entering, shall write their names in a 
register provided for this purpose by the Secretary. 
Art. 5. Every member shall observe order and decorum in 
the meetings, and pay due respect to the officers and members. 
Art. 6. Members who shall not have paid the annual dues for 
two years in succession, after having been twice, in each year, 
called upon to do so, are declared to be “ in arrears with the 
Treasurer,” and their names shall appear on his list of members 
suspended for unpaid dues. 
Art. 7. Members “in arrears with the Treasurer” shall neither 
be eligible to office, nor entitled to vote at any annual meeting ; 
neither shall they be entitled to the privilege of being notified B Y - T. A AV S . 
23 
of the meetings, nor of receiving publications from, or through, 
the Society. 
Art. 8. Any member who shall continue “ in arrears with the 
Treasurer” for one year, after having twice received due notice 
of the existence of this By-Law and of the amount due from him, 
shall be no longer considered a member ; and he shall not be 
re-instated except in conformity with Chapter XIII of these By- 
Laws, after the payment of all arrears, unless the Society shall, 
by special vote of two-thirds of those present at a stated meeting, 
otherwise determine. This By-Law shall be printed on all bills 
sent to members by the Treasurer. 
Art. 9. Any member, not in arrears with the Society, who 
may permanently remove from the County of Kings, shall be 
known as a Non-Resident Member. Such member shall not be 
required to contribute to the funds of the Society, shall not vote 
at any election, be eligible to any office or appointment, or receive 
notices or publications from or through the Society; but in all other 
respects, shall enjoy every right and privilege of a resident mem- 
ber. 
CHAPTER XIII. 
ADMISSION OF MEMBERS. 
Art. 1. Applications for membership shall be made at the 
stated meetings. 
Art. 2. The documents and testimonials relative to a candi- 
date’s professional and personal qualifications, shall be placed in 
the hands of the Secretary, who shall lay them before the Censors 
and Council. It shall be their duty to examine all such creden- 
tials, and upon the evidence presented accept or reject the candi- 
date. 
t * l 
Art. 3. If the candidate be accepted, the Council shall so report 
to the Society at a stated meeting, and after the next succeeding 
stated meeting, the President shall give said candidate a certifi- 
cate of membership—provided, however, that before this certifi- 
cate is issued, any member may demand (in writing, if not pres- 
ent) a ballot on the candidate’s election. An affirmative vote of 
two-thirds of all the members present shall be necessary to elect- 24 
p. v -1. a w s . 
Art 4. Every person thus admitted, shall, within three months 
thereafter, pay an initiation fee of five dollars (which shall relieve 
him from any further assessment during the year in which it is 
paid), sign the By-Laws, giving his age, place of birth, and the 
name of the institution whence he graduated, or forfeit his election. 
CHAPTER XIV. 
ETHICS AND DISCIPLINE. 
Art. 1. The precepts of the Code of Medical Ethics of the 
American Medical Association shall be binding on the members 
of this Society, and any disregard or violation thereof shall be 
cause for investigation. 
Art. 2. The Council shall take cognizance of all complaints 
of breaches of the Code of Ethics, which may be laid before it, 
and endeavor to reclaim offenders, before proceeding formally 
against them. 
Art. 3. Charges of violation of the laws or ethics of the 
Society, or immoral conduct, shall be presented to the President 
in writing, enclosed in a sealed envelope, with the words “Charges 
against a member” written upon it. 
Art. 4. The President, on receiving such charges, shall notify 
the Council to meet and examine the same, and the evidence 
thereon. 
Art. 5. If a majority of the Council shall be of opinion that 
the charges are well founded, they shall serve a copy of them 
upon the accused, and cause a special meeting of the Council to 
be called to investigate them ; of which meeting the accused 
shall have at least ten days’ notice, in writing, with an invitation 
to be present. 
Art. G. After the investigation of charges, the Council may, 
at its option, drop them, or report them to the Society and recom- 
mend some course of action thereon. 
Art. 7. Discipline by the Society may be of three kinds : 
Admonition, Suspension and Expulsion, and shall require the 
affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the members present, when 
such action has been recommended by the Council, or of three- 
fourths when not recommended by the Council. 15 Y - L A W S . 
25 
CHAPTER XV 
ASSESSMENTS. 
The Society, at the Annual meeting, shall order such assess- 
ments on the Resident Members as shall meet the yearly expenses, 
and all debts of the Society. 
CHAPTER XVI. 
HONORARY MEMBERS. 
Aut. 1. Honorary members may be nominated at any stated 
meeting, and elected by a two thirds vote at any subsequent 
stated meeting. 
Art. 2. Not more than three honorary members shall be an- 
nually elected. 
Aut. 3. Honorary members may take part in debate, but shall 
not be entitled to vote. 
CHAPTER XVII. 
LICENTIATES. 
Aut. 1. Every candidate for license to practice physic or 
surgery, who shall have complied with the requisitions of the 
Statutes of the State, with regard to the term of study and other 
particulars, shall bo examined by the Censors, on paying to them 
the sum of ten dollars, for the use of the Society. 
Aut. 2. Every person who, upon examination by the Censors, 
shall be found qualified for the practice of medicine and surgery, 
shall receive from them a certificate to that effect, addressed to 
the President of the Society, who shall thereupon confer on him 
the following Diploma :— 
To all to whom these presents shall come, or whom they may in any 
wine concern : 
The President and Members of the Medical Society of the County of 
Kings, send greeting :—Whereas, (insert name and country of the candidate) 
hath exhibited unto us satisfactory testimony that .he has studied physic 
and surgery for the term and in the manner directed by law: and has also, 
upon examination by our Censors, given sufficient proofs of his proficiency 
in the healing art, and of his moral character : Therefore, by virtue of the 
power vested in us by law, we do grant unto the said (insert the name of 
the candidate) the privilege of practising physic and surgery in this State, 26 
B Y - E A tV S . 
together with all the rights and immunities which usi ally appertain to phy- 
sicians and surgeons. 
In witness whereof, we have granted this Diploma, sealed 
with our seal, and testified by our President and Secretary, at 
(insert place, day and year.) 
Art. 4. Every person admitted to the practice of physic and 
surgery, shall sign the following declaration, viz.:— 
I. A. B., do solemnly declare, that I will honestly, virtuously and 
chastely conduct myself in the practice of physic and surgery, and that l 
will, with fidelity and honor, do everything in my power for the benefit of 
the sick committed to my charge. 
This declaration, so signed, shall be preserved among the 
archives of the Society. 
Art. o. Every person receiving a diploma of license, shall be 
notified by the Secretary that he must deposit a copy of the same 
with the Clerk of the County in which he may reside; and that, 
until this be done, he is subject to penalty as an illegal practi- 
tioner. 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
AMENDMENTS, tfcd. 
Art. 1. Amendments proposed to these By-Laws can only be 
adopted at annual meetings. They shall be proposed in writing 
at any previous stated meeting, and the concurrent vote of two- 
thirds of the members present, shall be necessary for their adop- 
tion. At the December meeting, all proposed amendments shall 
be read to the Society. 
Art. 2. At any stated meeting, any By-Law may be sus- 
pended for any length of time short of the next annual meeting 
of the Society, by the concurrent vote of three-fourths of the 
members present, the motion to that effect being presented in 
writing. OOrDIE ETHICS 
OF TI1K 
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, 
ADOPTKD fcY TltB 
MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE COUNTY OF KIMS, 
J-t/rtsTE lS, 1S6T. 
This Code of tellies \Yas adopted by the Society, in addition to their former excellent 
Code, in compliance with a resolution of the American Medical Association, requiring all 
State or Local Societies to do so, who desire to be represented in that body. CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THEIR PATIENTS. AND OF 
THE OBLIGATIONS OF PATIENTS TO THEIR PHYSICIANS. 
Art. 1.—Duties of physicians to their patients. 
S 1. A physician should not only be ever ready to obey the 
calls ol the sick, but his mind ought also to be imbued with the 
greatness of his mission, and the responsibility he habitually in- 
curs in its discharge. These obligations are the more deep and 
enduring, because there is no tribunal other than his own consci- 
ence to adjudge penalties for carelessness or neglect. Physicians 
should, therefore, minister to the sick with due impressions of 
the importance of their office ; reflecting that the ease, the health 
and the lives of those committed to their charge, depend on their 
skill, attention and fidelity. They should study, also, in their 
deportment, so to unite tenderness with firmness, and condescension 
with authority, as to inspire the minds of their patients with grat- 
itude, respect and confidence. 
§ 2. Every case committed to the charge of a physician should 
be treated with attention, steadiness and humanity. Reasonable 
indulgence should be granted to the mental imbecility and capri- 
ces of the sick. Secrecy and delicacy, when required by peculiar 
circumstances, should be strictly observed ; and the familiar and 
confidential intercourse to which physicians are admitted in their 
professional visits, should be used with discretion, and with the 
most scrupulous regard to fidelity and honor. The obligation of 
secrecy extends beyond the period of professional services ;—none 
of the privacies of personal and domestic life, no infirmity of dis- 
position or flaw of character observed during professional attend- 
ance should ever be divulged by the physician, except when he is 
imperatively required to do so. The force and necessity of this 
obligation are indeed so great, that professional men have, under 30 
CODE OK MKIJICAT, ETIIICS. 
certain circumstances, been protected in their observance of 
secrecy by courts of justice. 
§ 3. Frequent visits to the sick are, in general, requisite, since 
they enable the physician to arrive at a more perfect knowledge 
of the disease—to meet promptly every change which may occur, 
and also tend to preserve the confidence of the patient But un- 
necessary visits are to be avoided, as they give useless anxiety to 
the patient, tend to diminish the authority of the physician, and 
render him liable to be suspected of interested motives. 
§ 4. A physician should not be forward to make gloomy prog- 
nostications, because they savor of empiricism, by magnifying the 
importance of his services in the treatment or cure of the disease. 
But he should not fail, on proper occasions, to give to the friends 
of the patient timely notice of danger when it really occurs ; and 
even to the patient himself, if absolutely necessary. This office, 
however, is so peculiarly alarming when executed by him, that it 
ought to be declined whenever it can be assigned to any other 
person of sufficient judgment and delicacy. For, the physician 
should be the minister of hope and comfort to the sick ; that, by 
such cordials to the drooping spirit, he may smooth the bed of 
death, revive expiring life, and counteract the depressing influ- 
ence of those maladies which often disturb the tranquility of the 
most resigned in their last moments. The life of a sick person 
can be shortened, not only by the acts, but also by the words or 
the manner of a physician. It is, therefore, a sacred duty to 
guard himself carefully in this respect, and avoid all things which 
have a tendency to discourage the patient and to depress his 
spirits. 
§ 5. A physician ought not to abandon a patient because the 
case is deemed incurable ; for his attendance may continue to be 
highly useful to the patient, and comforting to the relatives around 
him, even in the last period of a fatal malady, by alleviating pain 
and other symptoms, and by soothing mental anguish. To de- 
cline attendance, under such circumstances, would be sacrificing 
to fanciful delicacy and mistaken liberality, that moral duty, which 
is independent of, and far superior to, all pecuniary consideration. 
0. Consultations should be promoted in difficult or protracted 
cases, as they give rise to confidence, energy, and more enlarged 
views in practice. COI)K OF AIK I)IC A I. F.I’II ICS. 
31 
§ 7. The opportunity which a physician not unfrequently enjoys 
of promoting and strengthening the good resolutions of his 
patients, suffering under the consequences of vicious conduct, 
ought never to be neglected. Ilis counsels, or even remonstran- 
ces, will give satisfaction, not offence, if they be proffered with 
politeness, and evince a genuine love of virtue, accompanied by a 
sincere interest in the welfare of the person to whom they are 
addressed. 
Art. II.— Obligations of patients to their physicians. 
§ 1. Tlie members of the medical profession, upon whom is 
enjoined the performance of so many important and arduous 
duties towards the community, and who are required to make so 
many sacrifices of comfort, ease and health, for the welfare of 
those who avail themselves of their services, certainly have a 
right to expect and require, that their patients should entertain 
a just sense of the duties which they owe to their medical at- 
tendants. 
§ 2. The first duty of a patient is to select as his medical advi- 
ser one who has received a regular professional education. In no 
trade or occupation, do mankind rely on the skill of an untaught 
artist; and in medicine, confessedly the most difficult and intricate 
of the sciences, the world ought not to suppose that knowledge 
is intuitive. 
§ d. Patients should prefer a physician whose habits of life are 
regular, and who is not devoted to company, pleasure or to any 
pursuit incompatible with his professional obligations. A patient 
should, also, confide the care of himself and family, as much as 
possible, to one physician ; for a medical man who has become 
acquainted with the peculiarities of constitution, habits and pre- 
dispositions of those he attends, is more likely to be successful in 
his treatment than one who does not possess that knowledge. 
A patient wdio has thus selected his physician, should always 
apply for advice in what may appear to him trivial cases, for the 
most fatal results often supervene on the slightest accidents. It 
is of still more importance that he should apply for assistance in 
the forming stage of violent diseases; it is to a neglect of this 
precept that medicine owes much of the uncertainty and imper- 
fection with which it has been reproached. 32 
CODE OF 5IEDICAE ETHICS. 
§ 4. Patients should faithfully and unreservedly communicate 
to their physician the supposed cause of their disease. This is 
the more important, as many diseases of a mental origin simulate 
those depending on external causes, and yet are only to be cured 
by ministering to the mind diseased. A patient should never he 
afraid of thus making his physician his friend and adviser; he 
should always bear in mind that a medical man is under the 
strongest obligations of secrecy. Even the female sex should 
never allow feelings of shame or delicacy to prevent their disclos- 
ing the seat, symptoms and causes of complaints peculiar to 
them. However commendable a modest reserve may be in the 
common occurrences of life, its strict observance in medicine is 
often attended with the most serious consequences, and a patient 
may sink under a painful and loathsome disease, which might 
have been readily prevented had timely intimation been given to 
the physician. 
§ 5. A patient should never weary his physician with a- tedious 
detail of events or matters not appertaining to his disease. Even 
as relates to his actual symptoms, he will convey much more real 
information by giving clear answers to interrogatories, than 
by the most minute account of his own framing. Neither should 
he obtrude upon the physician the details of his business nor the 
history of his family concerns. 
§ G. The obedience of a patient to the prescriptions of his phy- 
sician should be prompt and implicit. He should never permit 
his own crude opinions as to their fitness to influence his atten- 
tion to them. A failure in one particular may render an other- 
wise judicious treatment dangerous, and even fatal. This remark 
is equally applicable to diet, drink and exercise. As patients 
become convalescent, they are very apt to suppose that the rules 
lirescribed for them may be disregarded, and the consequence, 
but too often, is a relapse. Patients should never allow them- 
selves to be persuaded to take any medicine whatever, that may 
be recommended to them by self-constituted doctors and doc- 
tresses who are so frequently met with, and who pretend to pos- 
sess infallible remedies for the cure of every disease. However 
simple some of their prescriptions may appear to be, it often 
happens that they are productive of much mischief, and in all CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
33 
cases they are injurious, by contravening the plan of treatment 
adopted by the physician. 
§ 7. A patient should, if possible, avoid even the friendly visits 
of a physician who is not attending him—and when he does re- 
ceive them, he should never converse on the subject of his dis- 
ease, as an observation may be made, without any intention of in- 
terference, which may destroy his confidence in the course he is 
pursuing, and induce him to neglect the directions prescribed to 
him. A patient should never send for a consulting physician 
without the express consent of his own medical attendant. It is 
of great importance that physicians should act in concert; for, 
although their modes of treatment may be attended with equal 
success when employed singly, yet conjointly they are very likely 
to be productive of disastrous results. 
§ 8. When a patient wishes to dismiss his physician, justice and 
common courtesy require that he should declare his reasons for 
so doing. 
§ 9. Patients should always, when practicable, send for their 
physician in the morning, before his usual hour of going out; 
for, by being early aware of the visits he has to pay during the 
day, the physician is able to apportion his time in such a manner 
as to prevent any interference of engagements. Patients should 
also avoid calling on their medical adviser unnecessarily during 
the hours of meals or sleep. They should always be in readiness 
to receive the visits of their physician, as the detention of a few 
minutes is often of serious inconvenience to him. 
§ 10. A patient should, after his recovery, entertain a just and 
enduring sense of the value of the services rendered him by his 
physician ; for these are of such a character, that no mere pecu- 
niary acknowledgment can repay or cancel them. 
OF THE DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO EACH OTHER, AND 
TO THE PROFESSION AT LARGE. 
Art. 1.— Duties for the support of professional character. 
§ 1. Every individual, on entering the profession, as he becomes 
thereby entitled to all its privileges and immunities, incurs an 
obligation to exert his best abilities to maintain its dignity and 
honor, to exalt its standing, and to extend the bounds of its use- 34 
CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
fulness. He should, therefore, observe strictly such laws as are 
instituted for the government of its members:—should avoid all 
contumelious and sarcastic remarks relative to the faculty, as a 
body; and while, by unwearied diligence, he resorts to every 
honorable means of enriching the science, he should entertain a 
due respect for his seniors, who have, by their labors, brought it 
to the elevated condition in which he finds it. 
§ 2. There is no profession, from the members of which greater 
purity of character, and a higher standard of moral excellence are 
required, than the medical; and to attain such eminence, is a 
duty every physician owes alike to his profession and to his 
patients. It is due to the latter, as without it he cannot com- 
mand their respect and confidence; and to both, because no scien- 
tific attainments can compensate for the want of correct moral 
principles. It is also incumbent upon the faculty to be temperate 
it) all things, for the practice of physic requires the unremitting- 
exercise of a clear and vigorous understanding; and on emergen- 
cies, for which no professional man should be unprepared, a steady 
hand, an acute eye and an unclouded head may be essential to 
the well-being, and even to the life, of a fellow-creature. 
§.3. It is derogatory to the dignity of the profession to resort 
to public advertisements, or private cards, or handbills, inviting 
the attention of individuals affected with particular diseases—pub- 
licly offering advice and medicine to the poor gratis, or promising 
radical cures; or to publish cases and operations in the daily 
prints, or suffer such publications to be made; to invite laymen 
to be present at operations ; to boast of cures and remedies; to 
adduce certificates of skill and success, or to perform any other 
similar acts. These are the ordinary practices of empirics, and 
are highly reprehensible in a regular physician. 
§ 4. Equally derogatory to professional character is it for a phy- 
sician to hold a patent for any surgical instrument or medicine; 
or to dispense a secret nostrum, whether it be the composition or 
exclusive property of himself or of others. For, if such nostrum 
be of real efficacy, any concealment regarding it is inconsistent 
with beneficence and professional liberality ; and if mystery alone 
give it value aud importance, such craft implies either disgrace- 
ful ignorance or fraudulent avarice. It is also reprehensible for 35 
physicians to give certificates attesting the efficacy of patent or 
secret medicines, or in any way to promote the use of them. 
COOK OF MEDIC AT. ETHICS. 
Art. II.—Professional services of physicians to each other. 
§ 1. All practitioners of medicine, their wives, and their children 
while under the paternal care, are entitled to the gratuitous servi- 
ces of any one or more of the faculty residing near them, whose 
assistance may be desired. A physician afflicted with disease is 
usually an incompetent judge of his own case; and the natural 
anxiety and solicitude which he experiences at the sickness of a 
wife, a child, or any one who, by the ties of consanguinity, is ren- 
dered peculiarly dear to him, tend to obscure his judgment, and 
produce timidity and irresolution in his practice. Under such cir- 
cumstances medical men are peculiarly dependent upon each other, 
and kind offices and professional aid should always be cheerfully 
and gratuitously afforded. Visits ought not, however, to be ob- 
truded officiously ; as such unasked civility may give rise to em- 
barrassment, or interfere with that choice on which confidence 
depends. But if a distant member of the faculty, whose circum- 
stances are affluent, request attendance, and an honorarium be 
offered, it should not be declined; for no pecuniary obligation 
ought to be imposed, which the party receiving it would wish not 
to incur. 
A ut. III.— Of the duties of physicians as respects vicario us offices. 
§ 1. The affairs of life, the pursuit of health, and the various 
accidents and contingencies to which a medical man is peculiarly 
exposed, sometimes require him temporarily to withdraw from his 
duties to liivS patients, and to request some of his professional 
brethren to officiate for him. Compliance with this request is an 
act of courtesy, which should always be performed with the utmost 
consideration for the interest and character of the family physi- 
cian, and when exercised for a short period, all the pecuniary ob- 
ligations for such services should be awarded to him. But if a 
member of the profession neglect his business in quest of pleasure 
and amusement, he cannot be considered as entitled to the advan- 
tages of the frequent and long-continued exercise of this fraternal 
courtesy, without awarding to the physician Avho officiates the fees 
arising from the discharge of his professional duties. 36 
CODE OF MED1CAT. ETHICS. 
In obstetrical and important surgical cases, which give rise to 
unusual fatigue, anxiety and responsibility, it is just that the fees 
accruing therefrom should be awarded to the physician who offi- 
ciates. 
Art. IV.— Of the duties of physicians in regard to consultations. 
§ 1. A regular medical education furnishes the only presump- 
tive evidence of professional abilities and acquirements, and ought 
to be the only acknowledged right of an individual to the exercise 
and honors of his profession. Nevertheless, as in consultations the 
good of the patient is the sole object in view, and this is often de- 
pendent on personal confidence, no intelligent regular practitioner, 
who has a license to practise from some medical board of known 
and acknowledged respectability, recognized by this Association, 
and who is in good moral and standing in the place 
in which he resides, should be fastidiously excluded from fellow- 
ship, or his aid refused in consultation, when it is requested by 
the patient. But no one can be considered as a regular prac- 
titioner, or a fit associate in consultation, whose practice is based 
on an exclusive dogma, to the rejection of the accumulated ex- 
perience of the profession, and of the aids actually furnished by 
anatomy, physiology, pathology and organic chemistry. 
§ 2. In consultations, no rivalship or jealousy should be in- 
dulged ; candor, probity and all due respect should be exercised 
towards the physician having charge of the case. 
§ 3. In consultations, the attending physician should be the first 
to propose the necessary questions to the sick ; after which the 
consulting physician should have the opportunity to make such 
further inquiries of the patient as may be necessary to satisfy him 
of the true character of the case. Both physicians should then 
retire to a private place for deliberation ; and the one first in at- 
tendance should then communicate the directions agreed upon to 
the patient or his friends, as well as any opinions it may be 
thought proper to express. But no statement or discussion of it 
should take place before the patient or his friends, except in the 
presence of all the faculty attending, and by their common con- 
sent ; and no opinions or prognostications should be delivered 
which are not the result of previous deliberation and concurrence. 
$ 4. In consultations, the physician in attendance should deliver COOK OK MEDICAL ETHICS. 
37 
his opinion first; and when there are several consulting, they 
should deliver their opinions in the order in which they have been 
called in. No decision, however, should restrain the attending 
physician from making such variations in the mode of treatment, 
as any subsequent unexpected change in the character of the case 
may demand. But such variation, and the reasons for it, ought 
to be carefully detailed at the next meeting in consultation. The 
same privilege belongs also to the consulting physician, if he is 
sent for in an emergency, when the regular physician is out of the 
way, and similar explanations must be made by him at the next 
consultation. 
§ 5. The utmost punctualityoshould be observed in the visits of 
physicians when they are to hold consultation together, and this 
is generally practicable, for society has been considerate enough 
to allow the plea of a professional engagement to take precedence 
of all others, and to be an ample reason for the relinquishment of 
any present occupation. But, as professional engagements may 
sometimes interfere, and delay one of the parties, the physician 
who first arrives should wait for his associate a reasonable period, 
after which, the consultation should be considered as postponed 
to a new appointment. If it is the attending physician who is 
present, he will of course see the patient and prescribe ; but if it 
be the consulting one, he should retire, except in case of emerg- 
ency, or when he has been called from a considerable distance, in 
which latter case he may examine the patient, and give his opinion 
in writing, and under seal, to be delivered to his associate. 
§ G. In consultations, theoretical discussions should be avoided, 
as occasioning perplexity and loss of time. For there may be 
much diversity of opinion concerning speculative points, with 
perfect agreement in those modes of practice which are founded, 
not on hypothesis, but on experience and observation. 
§ 9. All discussions in consultation should be held as secret and 
confidential. Neither by words nor manner should any of the 
parties to a consultation assert, or insinuate, that any part of the 
treatment pursued did not receive his assent. The responsibility 
must be equally divided between the medical attendants—they 
must equally share the credit of success, as well as the blame of 
failure. 
§ 8. Should an irreconcilable diversity of opinion occur when 38 
CODE OF MEDIC AT. ETHICS. 
several physicians are called upon to consult together, the opinion 
of the majority should be considered as decisive ; but if the num- 
bers be equal on each side, then the decision should rest with the 
attending physician. It may, moreover, sometimes happen, that 
two physicians cannot agree in their views of the nature of a case, 
and the treatment to be pursued. This is a circumstance much to 
be deplored, and should always be avoided, if possible, by mutual 
concessions, as far as they can be justified by a conscientious re- 
gard for the dictates of judgment. But in the event of its oc- 
currence, a third physician should, if practicable, be called to act 
as umpire ; and if circumstances prevent the adoption of this 
course, it must be left to the patjent to select the physician in 
whom he is most willing to confide. But, as every physician re- 
lies upon the rectitude of his judgment, he should, when left in 
the minority, politely and consistently retire from any further de- 
liberation in the consultation, or participation in the management 
of the case. 
§ 9. As circumstances sometimes occur to render a special con- 
sultation desirable, when the continued attendance of two physi- 
cians might be objectionable to the patient, the member of the 
faculty whose assistance is required in such cases, should sedu- 
lously guard against all future unsolicited attendance. As such 
consultations require an extraordinary portion both of time and 
attention, at least a double honorarium may be reasonably ex- 
pected. 
§ 10. A physician who is called upon to consult, should observe 
the most honorable and scrupulous regard for the character and 
standing of the practitioner in attendance ; the practice of the 
latter, if necessary, should be justified as far as it can be, consist- 
ently with a conscientious regard for truth, and no hint or insinu- 
ation should be thrown out which could impair the confidence 
reposed in him, or affect his reputation. The consulting physi- 
cian should also carefully refrain from any of those extraordinary 
attentions or assiduities, which are too often practised by the dis- 
honest for the base purpose of gaining applause, or ingratiating 
themselves into the favor of families and individuals. 
Art. V.—Duties of physicians in cases of interference. 
§ 1. Medicine is a liberal profession, and those admitted into its CODE OE MEDICAL ETHICS. 
39 
ranks should found their expectations of practice upon the extent 
of their qualifications, not on intrigue or artifice. 
i 2. A physician in his intercourse with a patient under the care 
of another practitioner, should observe the strictest caution and 
reserve. No meddling inquiries should be made—no disingenuous 
hints given relative to the nature and treatment of his disorder ; 
nor any course of conduct pursued that may directly or indirectly 
tend to diminish the trust reposed in the physician employed. 
§3. The same circumspection and reserve should be observed 
when, from motives of business or friendship, a physician is 
prompted to visit an individual who is under the direction of 
another practitioner. Indeed, such visits should be avoided, ex- 
cept under peculiar circumstances; and when they are made, no 
particular inquiries should be instituted relative to the nature of 
the disease, or the remedies employed, but the topics of conver- 
sation should be as foreign to the case as circumstances will 
admit. 
§ A physician Ought not to take charge of, or prescribe for, a 
patient who has recently been under the care of another member 
of the faculty in the same illness, except in cases of sudden 
emergency, or in consultation with the physician previously in 
attendance, or when the latter has relinquished the case, or been 
regularly notified that his services are no longer desired. Under 
such circumstances, no unjust and illiberal insinuations should be 
thrown out in relation to the conduct or practice previously pu 
sued, which should be justified as far as candor and regard for 
truth and probity will permit; for it often happens, that patients 
become dissatisfied when they do not experience immediate relief, 
and, as many diseases are naturally protracted, the want of success, 
in the first stage of treatment, affords no evidence of a lack of 
professional knowledge and skill. 
§ 5. When a physician is called to an urgent case, because the 
family attendant is not at hand, he ought, unless his assistance in 
consultation be desired, to resign the care of the patient to the 
latter immediately on his arrival. 
§ G. It often happens in cases of sudden illness, or of recent ac- 
cidents and injuries, owing to the alarm and anxiety of friends, 
that a number of physicians are simultaneously sent for. Under 
these circumstances, courtesy should assign the patient to the first 40 
COI>E OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
who arrives, who should select from those present any additional 
assistance that he may deem necessary. In all such cases, how- 
ever, the physician who officiates should request the family physi- 
cian, if there be one, to be called, and, unless his further attend- 
ance be requested, should resign the case to the latter on his 
arrival. 
§ 7. When a physician is called to the patient of another prac- 
titioner, in consequence of the sickness or absence of the latter, 
he ought, on the return or recovery of the regular attendant, 
and with the consent of the patient, to surrender the case. 
§ 8. A physician, when visiting a sick person in the country, 
may be desired to see a neighboring patient who is under the 
regular direction of another physician, in consequence of some 
sudden change or aggravation of symptoms. The conduct to be 
pursued on such an occasion is to give advice adapted to present 
circumstances ; to interfere no further than is absolutely neces- 
sary with the general plan of treatment; to assume no future 
direction, unless it be expressly desired ; and, in this last case, to 
request an immediate consultation with the the practitioner pre- 
viously employed. 
§ 9. A wealthy physician should not give advice gratis to the 
affluent; because his doing so is an injury to his professional bre- 
thren. The office of a physician can never be supported as an 
exclusively beneficent one; and it is defrauding, in some degree, 
the common funds for its support, when fees are dispensed with 
which might be justly claimed. 
§ 10. When a physician who has been engaged to attend a case 
of midwifery is absent, and another is sent for, if delivery is ac- 
complished during the attendance of the latter, he is entitled to 
the fee, but should resign the patient to the practitioner first en- 
gaged. 
Art. VL—Of differences between physicians. 
§ 1. Diversity of opinion and opposition of interest, may, in the 
medical as in other professions, sometimes occasion controversy 
and even contention. Whenever such cases unfortunately occur, 
and cannot be immediately terminated, they should be referred to 
the arbitration of a sufficient number of physicians or a court- 
medical. CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
§ 2. As peculiar reserve must be maintained by physicians 
towards the public, in regard to professional matters, and as there 
exist numerous points in medical ethics and etiquette through 
which the feelings of medical men may be painfully assailed in 
their intercourse with each other, and which cannot be understood 
or appreciated by general society, neither the subject-matter of 
differences, nor the adjudication of the arbitrators, should be 
made public, as publicity in a case of this nature may be person- 
ally injurious to the individuals concerned, and can hardly fail to 
bring discredit on the faculty. 
41 
Art. VII.—Of pecuniary achioivledgmeuts. 
Some general rules should be adopted by the faculty, in every 
town or district, relative to pecuniary acknowledgments from their 
patients ; and it should he deemed a point of honor to adhere to 
these rules with as much uniformity as varying cirumstances will 
admit. 
OF THE DUTIES OF THE PROFESSION TO THE PUBLIC, AND 
OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE PUBLIC TO THE PROFESSION. 
Art. L—Duties of the profession to the public. 
§ 1. As good citizens, it is the duty of physicians to be ever 
vigilant for the welfare of the community, and to bear their part 
in sustaining its institutions and burdens; they should also be 
ever ready to give counsel to the public in relation to matters 
especially appertaining to their profession, as on subjects of med- 
ical police, public hygiene and legal medicine. It is their prov- 
ince to enlighten the public in regard to quarantine regulations— 
the location, arrangements and dietaries of hospitals, asylums, 
schools, prisons and similar institutions—in relation to the medi- 
cal police of towns, as drainage, ventilation, etc.—and in regard 
to measures for the prevention of epidemic diseases ; and to con- 
tinue their labors for the alleviation of the suffering, even at the 
jeopardy of their own lives. 
§ 2. Medical men should also be always ready, when called on 
by the legally constituted authorities, to enlighten coroners’ in- 
quests and courts of justice, on subjects strictly medical—such as 
involve questions relating to sanity, legitimacy, murder by poisons 42 
CODE OF MEDICAL ETIIICS. 
or other violent means, and in regard to the various other sub- 
jects embraced in the science of Medical Jurisprudence. But in 
these cases, and especially where they are required to make a 
post-mortem examination, it is just, in consequence of the time, 
labor and skill required, and the responsibility and risk they 
incur, that the public should award them a proper honorarium. 
§ 3. There is no profession, by the members of which eleemo- 
synary services are more liberally dispensed, than the medical, but 
justice requires that some limits should be placed to the perform- 
ance of such good offices. Poverty, professional brotherhood and 
certain of the public duties referred to in the first section of this 
article, should always be recognized as presenting valid claims for 
gratuitous services ; but neither institutions endowed by the pub- 
lic or by rich individuals, societies for mutual benefit, for the in- 
surance of lives or for analogous purposes, nor any profession or 
occupation, can be admitted to possess such privilege. Nor can 
it be justly expected of physicians to furnish certificates of ina- 
bility to serve on juries, to perform militia duty, or to testify to 
the state of health of persons wishing to insure their lives, obtain 
pensions or the like, without a pecuniary acknowledgment. But 
to individuals in indigent circumstances, such professional services 
should always be cheerfully and freely accorded. 
§ 4. It is the duty of physicians, who are frequent witnesses of 
the enormities committed by quackery, and the injury to health 
and even the destruction of life caused by the use of quack med- 
icines, to enlighten the public on these subjects, to expose the 
injuries sustained by the unwary from the devices and pretensions 
of artful empirics and impostors. Physicians ought to use all the 
influence which they may possess, as professors in Colleges of 
Pharmacy, and by exercising their option in regard to the shops 
to which their prescriptions shall be sent, to discourage druggists 
and apothecaries from vending quack or secret medicines, or from 
being in any way engaged in their manufacture and sale. 
Art. II.— Obligations of the public to physicians. 
§ 1. The benefits accruing to the public, directly and indirectly, 
from the activre and unwearied beneficence of the profession, are 
so numerous and important, that physicians are justly entitled to CODE OF MEDICAL ETHICS. 
43 
the utmost consideration and respect from the community. The 
public ought likewise to entertain a just appreciation of medical 
qualifications ; to make a proper discrimination between true sci- 
ence and the assumptions of ignorance and empiricism—to afford 
every encouragement and facility for the acquisition of medical 
education—and no longer to allow the statute-books to exhibit 
the anomaly of exacting knowledge from physicians, under a 
liability to heavy penalties, and of making them obnoxious to 
punishment for resorting to the only means of obtaining it. (TO RRIGENDA. 
Page 3, line 2.—read February 25, 1822. 
4> !), “ 27.—dele * before J. L. H. Elmendorf. 
44 11.—-add the following names : 
Robert Nutting Atwood, University of Vermont, 1861, 1S72 
John Fred. Barnett, Medical Institution of Yale College, 1869, “ 
William H. Caemmerer, University of Jena, Saxony, 1847, “ 
Samuel Sherwell, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1868, “ 
Henry Nash Read, Long Island College Hospital, 1870, “ 
Lewis Stephen Pilcher, University of Michigan, 1666 “ 
Page 1-1, add the following names : 
Atwood, R. N. 
Barnett, J. F. 
Caemmerer, W. H. 
Pilcher, L. S. 
Walker, J. 
Head, II. N. 
Sherwell, S.