THE 
ECCALE0B10N, 
* / 
A TREATISE ON 
ARTIFICIAL INCUBATION, 
AND THE 
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF POULTRY. 
" Brought into being and nurtured by other powers and agencies than those of 
nature's providing, the embryo of existence lives." 
" 'Tis God! 
Inspiring God! Who, boundless spirit all. 
And unremitting energy, pervades, 
Adjusts, sustains, and agitates the whole 
He ceaseless works alone, and yet alone 
Seems not to work; with such perfection framed, 
Is this complex, stupendous scene of things." 
PHILADELPHIA: 
PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, AND SOLD AT THE EXHIBITION ROOM, 
BROADWAY, CORNER OF CHAMBEJl^ STREET. 
Price Six and a Quarter Cents. 
1844. • EXHIBITION. 
The most extraordinary and wonderful Exhibition of the production of 
Animal Life to an indefinite extent, by machinery, with all its accompany- 
ing and most interesting phenomena, is now open to the public, from 9 
o'clock, A. M., to half past 6, P. M. daily. 
The average number of birds capable of being daily brought into exist- 
ence by this machine is about 50, or 20,000 per annum. 
By a judicious variation of the temperature, over which this machine has 
unlimited control, the eggs of any bird, from a Canary to an Ostrich, may 
be elicited into life, but only those of the common Hen, the Duck, Goose, 
Turkey, Guinea Fowl, Peacock, and some few others, can be successfully 
experimented upon at the same temperature. Persons bringing the eggs 
of any of these birds, or of the Pheasant and Partridge, may have them 
placed in the Great Life Producing Machine, marked with their initials, on 
payment of 12| cents for each egg. 
Persons desirous of seeing a bird at any period of incubation, will have 
an egg broken for them, and will be supplied with a strong magnifying 
glass, upon payment of 25 cents per egg. 
Physicians, Medical Students, and Gentlemen of Science, desirous of 
investigating the progress of nature in the process of incubation, from the 
first microscopic speck of vital existence, to its full development in a 
perfect and healthy being, may receive a Ticket of Admission for twenty- 
one days, with the privilege of breaking an egg each day, for five dollars. 
Parents and guardians of youth, desirous that their charge should be- 
hold this secret working of an Almighty Hand, will have an allowance 
made according to the numbers admitted. Schools, also, will be allowed 
to view the whole process of incubation upon liberal terms. 
Eggs, in any stage of incubation, and young birds, supplied for Philoso- 
phical or Anatomical purposes, in any quantity. 
Having liberated themselves from the shells, and in the full enjoyment 
of health and strength, these beautiful and curious birds are sold to visitors, 
as pleasing memorials of what Science can achieve, at 25 cents each. 
Warmth, dryness, proper food and common care, are all that is necessary to 
rear them successfully. 4 
A DESCRIPTION OF THE ECCALEOBION, DETAILING THE 
PROGRESS OF INCUBATION. 
Eccaleobion, the name or title of this Machine, is derived from two 
Greek words, ExxaXto, " I bring forth," and Bio$, " life,"-forming the 
compound Eccaleobion, signifying, "I bring forth life." 
The Eccaleobion, or Life Producing Machine, forms, to outward appear- 
ance, an oblong box, four feet six inches long, three feet eight inches high, 
and three feet six inches wide. It stands out from and is disconnected with 
the walls of the room, and its efficient action and regulative powers are 
enclosed within the case. It contains nearly one thousand eggs, and is 
divided into eight compartments, or divisions, open to the sight (the doors 
being glazed,) in which the eggs are deposited, spread promiscuously upon 
the floor of each division. The eggs lie uncovered, neither wrapped in 
flannel, nor immersed in sand, as has usually been done, in order that they 
might retain their warmth when exposed to cold, or resist the effects of too 
great heat. 
The spectacle of so many living beings, busily employed liberating them- 
selves from their imprisonment, and bursting into light and existence, 
through the agency of inert matter, set in operation by the human mind, 
presents a sight most beautiful and interesting. At this period, the assistance 
of the machine is not absolutely necessary-it may be done upon a table, 
or in the hand, a warm temperature being all that is required. 
From this machine the birds come forth healthy, strong and active. 
Soon after their liberation from the shell, they require to be carefully fed 
and tended for two or three days, after which, revelling in the luxury of 
their new existence, they may be seen running about the floor of their 
apartment, and proper means being used, neither require nor feel the loss 
of that care which, in all other cases, a maternal parent only can bestow. 
Birds in a healthy condition require no aid to effect their escape from the 
shell; accomplishing their freedom themselves in a remarkably uniform 
manner, making a circular fracture with their bill, and bursting the integu- 
ments of the shell by strong muscular exertion. 
Few eggs, except those of rare or foreign birds, are worth the trial of 
hatching, if more than a month old; their condition, however, is greatly 
influenced by the weather-very hot weather destroying vitality in a few 
days. 
This machine does not, as is frequently the case with eggs set upon by 
the parent bird, ever addle them. This evil is occasioned by the alterna- 
tion of heat and cold, arising from the hen's unsteady sitting. The warmth 
imparted by the machine is uniform and continued. 
Failures, however, arise from the following causes:-viz: Want of 
impregnation in the egg; age, commonly called staleness, whereby life 
has become extinct; weakness of the vital energy of the egg, produced by 
old age, lowness of keep, or ill health of the parent; in these cases, the 
embryo partially develops itself, but dies before the full period of incubation. 
Eggs may be hatched by other means, but if the process be not properly 
executed, the young birds are weakly and soon die. The operation, how- 5 
ever, by this machine is so certain, and so completely under control, that 
the birds produced by it come forth in the most healthy state, and live, 
flourish and fatten, as well as any other of their species who owe their 
existence to a more natural and less extraordinary birth. 
There is no difficulty in teaching the young of the various tribes of gal- 
linaceous fowl to eat and drink ; they perform these operations spontaneous- 
ly, or from observation, as appetite prompts them, nor is food necessary till 
12 or 20 hours after they are hatched. Sickly and badly hatched birds 
generally die from inanition. 
Beautiful as a brood of chickens always are, when presented to the eye 
under any circumstances, the interest excited is greatly increased by the 
artificial system of production and rearing. When but a few hours old 
they recognize the person who feeds them, and in a few days evince so many 
and such pleasing traits of confidence in him, as their protector and friend, 
following his steps and clamorously repining at his absence, as must induce 
in the most callous breast a delightful sensation of regard for their welfare. 
It is not necessary, in the Eccaleobion, to move or turn the eggs for the 
purpose of subjecting each to its fair proportion of warmth, as the machine 
acts uniformly, not only with the same power upon the whole surface of 
each egg, but upon all alike, however great their number. But, to prevent 
the yolk of weak eggs from settling by its specific gravity, and adhering to 
the shell, it is useful to pass the hand over them, so as to change their 
position once in twenty-four hours. 
The egg of a strong, healthy bird, at the time of its protrusion from the 
body, is completely filled with yolk and albumen. If examined, a few days 
after, by holding it toward the light, a small bladder of air will be discover- 
able at the larger end, which increases with the age of the egg. This 
waste of its internal substance is occasioned by absorption by the atmos- 
phere, through the pores of the shell, of the more volatile part of its con- 
tents. When the bladder is large in any egg, it is unfit for incubation ; 
nevertheless, in a good egg, as incubation proceeds, this bladder becomes 
considerable, probably produced both from evaporation by heat, and the vital 
action going on within the shell. It also serves an essential and important 
purpose in the economy of this mysterious process. 
The germ, or embryo of the chick, contrary to the received opinion, is 
not in every egg placed precisely in the same situation, but varies con- 
siderably. Generally, it develops itself within the circumference of the 
broadest part of the egg; sometimes it is found higher, sometimes lower; 
and, when held before a strong light, has an appearance, when a few days 
old, somewhat resembling the meshes of a spider's web, with the spider in 
the centre. As it increases in size, the bulk of the contents of the egg de- 
creases, as already stated, so that when the bird is completely matured, it 
has ample space to move, and to use its limbs with sufficient effect to insure 
its liberation. 
If chickens, about two months old and upwards, are turned in among a 
brood of younger birds, they will sometimes take to brooding, and tending 6 
them with the delight of natural parents. The gratification being quite 
mutual, the young chicks run after, and strive with each other for their 
favors with the most untiring perseverance. Although, probably, it is 
simply the pleasurable sensation derived from the genial warmth communi- 
cated by the young birds nestling under them, which induces them to do it, 
it is, nevertheless, a striking, and highly interesting picture, to witness 
these mimic mothers acting the part of foster parents with so much apparent 
satisfaction, yet with the awkwardness with which a girl, in similar cir- 
cumstances, fondles her doll. 
Are not the facts of the extraordinary fecundity of these tribes of birds, 
their requiring no assistance in hatching, and their being self-instructed in 
the manner of taking their food, abundant evidence that an All-wise Provi- 
dence ordained these peculiarities expressly for man's benefit! In all those 
families of birds not so fitted for his use, they do not exist; and consequent- 
ly cannot be rendered, by artificial means, available for the convenience of 
man. 
CHAPTER II. 
The following progressive series of phenomena are daily observable 
during the progress of incubation, in the egg of the common fowl:-In an 
impregnated egg, previous to the commencement of incubation, a small spot 
is discernible upon the yolk, composed apparently of a membraneous sac or 
bag, containing a fluid matter, in which swims the embryo of the future 
chick, and seemingly connected with other vesicles around it. 
1st Day. In a few hours after exposure to the proper temperature, the 
microscope discovers that a humid matter has formed within the limits of 
the embryo: At the expiration of twelve or fourteen hours, this matter 
bears some resemblance to the shape of a little head; a number of new 
vesicles also successively appear, foreshadowing the different parts of the 
future body of the chick; those first formed, and most easily distinguished, 
may afterwards be recognized as assuming the shape of the vertebral bones 
of the back. 
2d Day. The eyes begin to make their appearance about the 30th hour, 
and additional vessels, closely joined together, indicate the situation of tiie 
navel. The brain and spinal marrow, rudiments of the wings, and princi- 
pal muscles, become observable. The formation of the head is also evi- 
dently proceeding. 
3d Day. The beating of the heart is perceptible, although no blood is 
visible; after a few hours, however, two vesicles, containing blood, make 
their appearance. One forming the left ventricle, the other the great ar- 
tery. The auricle of the heart is next seen, and, in the whole, pulsation is 
evident. 
4th Day. The wings now assume a more defined shape, and the increas- 
ed size of the head renders the globules containing the brain, the beak and 
the front and hind part of the head, distinctly visible. 
5th Day. The liver makes its appearance, and both auricles, now plainly 7 
seen, approach nearer the heart than before. That splendid phenomenon, 
the circulation of the blood, is now evident. 
6th Day. The lungs and stomach are distinguishable, and the full gush 
of blood from the heart is distinctly apparent. 
7th Day. The intestines, veins, and upper mandible become visible, and 
the brain begins to assume a distinct form. 
8th Day. The beak for the first time opens, and the formation of flesh 
upon the breast commences. 
9th Day. The deposition of matter forming the ribs takes place, and the 
gall bladder is perceptible. 
10th Day. The bile is distinguishable by its green color, and the first 
voluntary motion of the body of the chick is seen, if separated from its in- 
teguments. 
11th Day. The matter forming the skull now becomes cartilaginous, 
and the protrusion of feathers may be noticed. 
12th Day. The orbits of sight are apparent, and the ribs are perfected. 
13th Day. The spleen gradually approaches to its proper position in the 
stomach. 
14th Day. The lungs become inclosed within the breast. 
15th, 16th, and 17th Days. During these days, the infinity of phenomena 
in this wonderful piece of vital mechanism elaborate it into more perfect 
form, and it presents an appearance closely approaching the mature state. 
The yolk of the egg, however, from which it derives its nourishment, is 
still outside the body. 
18th Day. On the eighteenth day, the outward and audible sign of de- 
veloped life is apparent, by the faint piping of the chick being, for the first 
time, heard. 
19th, 20th, and 21st Days. Continually increasing in size and strength, 
the remainder of the yolk gradually becomes inclosed within its body; then, 
with uncommon power, for so small and frail a being, it liberates itself 
from its prison in a peculiar and curious manner, by repeated efforts made 
with its bill, seconded by muscular exertion with its limbs, and emerges 
into a new existence. 
The position of the chicken in the shell, is such as to occupy the least 
possible space. The head, which is large and heavy in proportion to the 
rest of the body, is placed in front of the abdomen, with its beak under the 
right wing; the feet are gathered up like a bird trussed for the spit, yet in 
this singular manner, and apparently uncomfortable' position, it is by no 
means cramped or confined, but performs all the necessary motions and 
efforts required for its liberation, with the most perfect ease, and that con- 
summate skill which instinct renders almost infallible. 
The chicken, at the time it breaks the shell, is heavier than the whole 
egg was at first. 
An egg will not hatch in vacuo. 
The infinite wisdom of the Great Architect of the Animal frame is re- 
markably manifested in its providing the chick with a sharp and hard sub- 
stance on the tip of the bill, by means of which it is enabled to fracture the 8 
shell to liberate itself from its imprisonment. Its own bill is too soft to 
enable it to break the shell therewith, and in two days or less this hard and 
pointed substance disappears, the young bird no longer requiring to use it. 
Equally extraordinary and wonderful is the fact that the germ of the 
chick is provided with the ability to- keep itself always on the top of the 
yolk of the egg, to the end that it may take the heat from the parent bird 
when setting, to produce incubation. 
Such is the Exhibition of the Eccaledbion ! Such the interesting nature 
of the phenomena displayed by its agency! Phenomena so magnificent 
and so pregnant with wonders, as to fill with admiration and awe, alike the 
mind of the profoundest philosopher, and the least contemplative of the 
human race. Nor is it possible, that the most unintelligent Christian can 
survey them with indifference, and his reflections thereon not lead him 
" Through nature, up to nature's God." 
CHAPTER III. 
Artificial Incubation, as Practiced in Egypt, and the Attempts 
made in Europe, Particularly by the French Academy, to 
Establish the System in France. 
Domestic Poultry, particularly the Gallinaceous kinds, are not only 
regarded valuable as food from their agreeable flavor, and highly nutritive 
qualities, but even as luxuries, which, from their scarcity and high price, 
seldom grace the table of the poor, or in fact of the middling classes. It. 
would therefore be no small achievement to bring an article so desirable 
within the reach of all, rich or poor. But this can never be accomplished 
until some means shall be provided of multiplying their numbers, far supe- 
rior to those heretofore employed. 
There is a charm about these tribes of birds which prepossesses every 
one in their favor, particularly the common cock and hen. Their daunt- 
less courage, especially of the male bird; his noble bearing, his defying 
notes, and attention to his harein-their affection for their young, their 
fearlessness of man, and their generous re-payment of his care for them in 
the shape of eggs and food, render them not only an ornament at the door 
of the cottage, but the pride of the " good wife," who well knows the value 
of an egg in the nest when provisions are scarce in the larder. No cottage 
where there is room for a run, without trespassing upon a neighbor's pro- 
perty, is what it ought to be, if not provided with these interesting ap- 
pendages. 
There have not, however, hitherto existed the means whereby any great 
increase of our domestic birds could be effected. The Egyptian mode of 
artificial incubation does not succeed in climates less uniform and favorable 
for the process. The Egyptians imitate the ostrich; they arrange the 
eggs in Mammals, or ovens, built in such a manner as to give them the 
necessary protection from the slight atmospheric changes of their almost 
unvarying climate: the eggs are covered with sand, an idea borrowed from 
the ostrich, and a small fire running lengthwise through the different com- 9 
partments, maintained for the first eight or ten days, is sufficient to promote 
incubation; the loss of heat from radiation during the remaining days of 
the process, owing to the genial nature of the climate, is so trifling as not 
to destroy the vitality of the egg. 
De Reaumur, in his well known work upon this subject, utters a senti- 
ment to the justness of which every philanthropist will cordially assent.- 
That "Egypt ought to be more proud of her mammals than of her towering 
pyramids." It was in the spirit of a truth so beautiful, that the members of 
the French Academy determined to make experiments in their own coun- 
try on this Oriental practice. These experiments were placed by the 
Academy, under the direction of the celebrated De Reaumur, and under 
the patronage of the Royal family most strenuous exertions were made to 
establish this ingenious mode of increasing, indefinitely, the quantity of 
human food, upon the soil of France. It was a subject which excited the 
most popular enthusiasm; the nobility, gentry and clergy vied with each 
other in its encouragement. 
As might have been expected, those means so well adapted to the steady 
unchanging climate of Egypt, suited not the varying temperature of France, 
and after some years of but partial success, it came to be regarded as a 
project, however beautiful in theory, by no means remunerating in profit. 
Under these circumstances, it might seem hopeless again to endeavor to 
attain an object, apparently suited only to the blandness of an Eastern clime, 
did not every day's experience prove, that in the present age nothing is 
beyond the power of genius to overcome ; that nhvsic»! difficulties vanish 
before the light of mind, and the frost of winter, and the heat of summer, 
are rendered harmless in their influences, by science commanding the 
elements of nature to obey her direction, or mould themselves to her bid- 
din<r. Her magic wand annihilates time and space; the lightning of 
Heaven is in her hand, and the winds and the waves obey her behest. To 
revive the Egyptian process would therefore be useless. And the only 
chance of success would seem to be, by counteracting the changes and 
variations in the temperature of our climate, which we have at length most 
effectually accomplished. 
The Eccaleobion has the power completely to control temperature, inde- 
pendent of climate, season, or changes in the atmosphere, and is absolutely 
uninfluenced by them. 
By means of this perfect command over temperature, the egg of any 
bird, not stale, placed within its influence at the proper degree of warmth, 
is, at the expiration of its natural time, elicited into life without the possi- 
bility of failure, which is often the case with eggs subjected to the caprice 
of their natural parent. 
To a successful rearing of a large number of birds artificially, the re- 
quired essentials are, a sufficient number of these machines, suitable build- 
ings, dry soil, warmth, proper food and careful attention to cleanliness and 
their usual wants'. 
By a judicious system of management, suitable buildings being provided, 
one thousand birds might be kept in the best possible condition, with less 10 
trouble and attendance than a brood of a dozen chickens would require 
without such measures being taken to rear them. 
One great object to be gained by this artificial process is that the poultry 
will be better and more fresh than that usually brought to market, and the 
markets can be the most liberally supplied at those seasons when the arti- 
cle is the most scarce and the most inferior in quality. There will always 
be more or less difficulty, however, in producing large numbers during the 
three winter months, on account of the scarcity of good and fresh eggs. 
PART II. 
CHAPTER IV. 
General Remarks on the Management of Poultry. 
Poultry are subject to a variety of diseases, but nearly all of a serious 
nature are attributable to the effects of climate or want of care and skill. 
Pip is caused by a want of clean water, or by drinking' dirty water in dry 
weather. Cure-remove the white blister found upon the tongue, and wash 
it with warm vinegar and water-feeding the bird for a few days with soak- 
ed bran and lettuce, or cabbage chopped very fine. 
Flux is cured by pills of the yolk of an egg boiled hard, mixed with 
bruised hempseed, or boiled barley diluted with wine. 
Costiveness, the reverse of the former, is cured by giving them beetroot 
chopped fine, or bran and water with a little honey mixed. 
Vermin may be destroyed by fumigating the roots with brimstone. 
Scab and Itch are cured by feeding them with moist bran. 
Cramp is caused by cold and damp. When afflicted, the birds should 
not be allowed to roost out of doors, and the roost should be well secured 
and warm-rub the legs and feet with a little fresh butter. 
Abscess frequently comes upon the rump, and is caused by heat of blood, 
or torpid stomach, which corrupts the mass of blood. Open the abscess 
and press out the matter. Feed them with chopped beet root or lettuce, 
with some bran mixed, moistened with honey or molasses and water. 
Fowls should not be allowed to roost in very large numbers together, but 
where great quantities are raised, they should be kept in flocks of not more 
than one hundred. They should be kept very cleanly. 
Warmth, with freedom from damp, is the great secret in the care of 
fowls. Their food should be frequently changed, and green food often 
mixed with their meal, shorts or bran. Indian meal and molasses and water 
will fatten poultry faster than any other food. Cinders should be sifted for 
them to roll in, which will free them from vermin, and they should never be 
without a supply of clean water for drinking. 
Never give them warm or hot food, which causes them to become crop 
bound. Hemp and buckwheat, or wheat occasionally, are good stimulants. 
So far as food is concerned, every farmer's wife throughout the country 
knows what is proper. One great danger arises from their voracity of ap- 11 
pelite inducing them to eat too much of food too nutritious for their delicate 
digestive organs, whereby they become sickly, or what is commonly called 
crop-bound. Simple as the remedy for this evil may appear, it is somewhat 
difficult to put in practice where large numbers are fed together. 
As regards attention to cleanliness, and their other common wants, such 
as regularity of feeding, and an abundant supply of pure water, nothing 
need be said ; they can scarcely live, certainly not flourish, without these 
necessary requirements being strictly attended to. 
Under, however, the best management, and the greatest precautions used 
against their various ailments, many will perish. It is a truth, however, 
that almost all the diseases of poultry arise from atmospheric causes. 
With respect to medical treatment, applied to the diseases of poultry, but 
little regarding its efficacy is known. The nostrums and mode of treatment 
adopted throughout the country, together with the greater part of what has 
been written upon the subject, is a farrago of nonsense and absurdity. If 
shelter, warmth, food and cleanliness, congenial to their habits, will not 
preserve them in health, but little reliance can be placed upon medicine. 
Great care is necessary to protect poultry from the ravages of the Skunk, 
the Muskrat, the Fox, and other animals, who possess a taste so refined as 
to prefer the chicken to coarser food. And to ensure complete success on 
a large scale suitable buildings should be provided. 
A close room, which can be made to exclude the wintry frosts, and also 
admit the balmy breeze of summer, should be provided for the machines, 
and should be kept as an Eccaleobion Hall. From this hall passages should 
lead to other rooms less tight and substantial, and many of them should be 
provided. As the birds grow they should by degrees be moved along, until 
after six weeks, or thereabouts, they will have an open yard with roosting 
places under a shed. In this manner, by keeping them in flocks of one or 
two hundred, and changing their roosting places frequently, by keeping 
them clean, &c., there will be no difficulty in raising any number per 
annum, provided no old fowls are kept on the premises. With suitable 
conveniences there will be less trouble in raising one hundred thousand a 
year, than in raising one hundred without them. 
To a successful rearing, therefore, of a large number of birds by artificial 
means, the only required essentials are, a sufficient number of these ma- 
chines; suitable buildings; warmth and protection from dampness; proper 
food; and a careful attention to cleanliness in all respects. An establish- 
ment so constructed and so conducted cannot fail to pay an immense profit 
to its proprietor. 
The best food for chickens until three or four days old is eggs, either 
stale or fresh, boiled hard and cut into very small pieces. After which, 
meal wet up, and hominy dry. As they grow older, the feed should be 
varied, and they should have more or less green food, like lettuce, cabbage, 
endive, &c., chopped fine, and mixed with their meal; and loppered milk 
or bonny-clabber is most excellent. Cold boiled potatoes, fresh meat, crusts 
of bread soaked, and many other things usually thrown to the pigs, are 
excellent and profitable food for all kinds of gallinaceous fowl. 12 
CONCLUSION. 
The Eccaleobion Machine is peculiarly calculated for practical purposes, 
and whether one desires to produce very large quantities for market, or only 
a few, this mode of producing them will be found by far the most economi- 
cal and the most convenient. The American Eccaleobion is entirely 
different from anything ever produced in Europe, and infinitely superior for 
all practical purposes. It possesses a complete and perfect control over 
temperature, which is the greatest desideratum, and is very compact, con- 
taining the hatching ovens, the heating apparatus, the brooding places, &c., 
all within a space of about three and a half feet square. It is portable and 
in all respects convenient, and is so systematic in its operation, that if the 
eggs deposited in it are equally good, they are all equally certain of produc- 
ing the young; and, when liberated from the shell, they are exempt from 
nearly all those diseases which are so fatal to young fowls in the farm-yard. 
The first cost of a machine capable of holding 800 or 1000 eggs, is $120, 
but they are not liable to wear out, and the amount of fuel is so small, being 
only two barrels of charcoal per month or thereabouts, that it must be ad- 
mitted to be the most economical method which can be contrived. The 
machines can be attended by females, or those who, from debility, are inca- 
pable of ordinary labor. Should poultry decline in price to about the 
average of animal food in general, still its production by means of the 
Eccaleobion cannot fail to be extremely profitable. 
It is worthy of remark, that fowls produced by these machines, being free 
from the ordinary diseases of a farm-yard, arrive at maturity much earlier 
than those produced in the ordinary way, and are usually fit for the market 
in ten or twelve weeks. Thus enabling a person to obtain a quick return 
for his investment of capital. Persons living near a populous town, with 
a very little land, may produce with these machines a large amount of 
poultry, and ensure a much increased revenue. The price of the second 
size, having about one half the capacity of the one above described, will be 
$75, but will require more constant attention. 
Finally-the idea is quite common that the price of these machines is too 
high, and that the proprietor endeavors to realize too large a profit upon 
each machine. But the expense of constructing them is far greater than a 
superficial observer could suppose. The amount of material alone is very 
considerable, and the work is of the most difficult and expensive kind, and 
the proprietor charges only a remunerating profit. They may in time be 
produced at less expense; but whether they are or not, they must be brought 
into general use, and those who order machines the soonest, will realize the 
most profit from the business. 
Book and Job Printing Office, Ledger Building, Philad'a.