A CONSPECTUS OF THE PHARMACOPOEIAS OF THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN, COLLEGES OP PHYSICIANS; BEING A PRACTICAL COMPENDIUM OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY. ANTHONY TODD THOMSON, M.D. F.R.S. t«» fcc &c. &c. The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in fading colours ; and if not sometimes ftefresbed, vanish and disappear."—Locke. First American from the fifth ttndXeaT^n%^prlked%mp%T additions of the United &'JblQvrJu^ij&< Jwdft& j£ "ISACS OFFICE , JVETT-Y r.. tLTSS. & E. WHIT* [ 128 Broadway 1FU-1902 ft FfM TV* 1 $ 5L5T ■S'ottfViera District of New-York, ss. (L. S.) BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the 26th day of No- vember, A. D. 1825, in the fiftieth year of the Independence of the United States of America, E. Bliss and E. White, of the said District, have deposited in this office the title of a Book, the right whereof ibey claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: "A Conspectus of the Pharmacopoeias of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Colleges'of Physicians ; being a Practical Compendium of Materia, Medica and Pharmacy. By Anthony Todd Thompson, M- D.P- R. S. &c. &c.&c. " ' The pictures drawn in our minds are laid in fading coloVirs ; and if not sometimes refreshed, vanish and disappear.'—Locke. "First American from the fifth London edition; improved by the addition of the United States Pharmacopoeia, Magendie's Formulary, and other new Pharmaceutical Preparations." In conformity to the Act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the, authors and proprietors of su^h copies, during the time therein mentioned.',' And also to an Act, en- titled, " An Act, supplementary to an Act, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of euch copies, during the times therein mentioned, and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and othur Prints." JAMES DILL, ..._______ Clerk of the Southern District of Jtcw-Yt»rk ■ XF IV- YORK': PRINTED BY CLAYTON & VAX NORDEN", .Ve. f>4 Vine-siren. \ \ J. "\N' 1 I LKK.M TO HENRY AINSLIE, M. D. F, '.LOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, LONDON, THIS LITTLE WORK is, VITII EVERY SENTIMENT OF ESTEEM AND KE^l'ECT, INSCRIBED, e.v THE AUTHOR. At PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. THE multifarious and extended pursuits, in which both the study and the practice of medicine engage its followers, require that the me- mory be often refreshed, and the attention directed to circumstances, which, although in themselves of sufficient importance, yet might easi- ly be forgotten or neglected. Every student of medicine, who wishes duly to qualify himself for the exercise of his profession, endeavours to become acquainted with Materia Medica and Pharmacy, without which he might justly be regarded as employing dangerous weapons against the human constitution, instead of holding in his hands the sa- lutary means of correcting the aberrations from health, and removing the bad effects of the accidents to which it is liable. But however assiduously this part of medical science may be studied, and although by means of an intimate acquaintance with Natural History, Botany, and Chemistry, a correct knowledge of the nature and composition of each of the substances used in the cure of diseases be attained, yet it is impossible that all these can be ever present in the memory, or always rise in it, at the moment when they ought to be prescribed. Hence, many valuable medicines, which are successfully employed at one time, are forgotten at another; and, as there is a fashion in medicine as well as in other things, we find one generation extolling a remedy which is altogether neglected by the succeeding, or until some accident again restores it to favour. The principal use, therefore, of such a produc- tion as the present, is to prevent this evil, by compressing into a email compass the most useful part of the information which is obtained from larger works; and, by affording a facility of re-examination, to keep in view remedies not constantly nor generally employed. To the young practitioner, and to him, particularly, who has not ha,d every advan- tage of education, it is more confidently offered; and the author hopes that to such it will not be unacceptable. It is intended to afford a compendious view of the improved editions of the three British Pharmacopoeias, pointing out the circumstances in which they agree together, and those which are peculiar to each of them. The work of the London College has been taken as the text book, and the formula? of the compound articles, consequently, are quoted from it only; for if those of each of the Pharmacopeias had -\ * X been separately given, the character of the volume would have been altered ; and instead of being a pocket manual, it would have swollen (o the size and form of a Dispensatory. Under each article of the vegetable kingdom, the place it holds in the systems of Linnteus and Jussieu is stated, its original place of growth pointed out, and the term of its existence marked in the characters used by botanical writers. The chemical components of the different sub- stances are taken from the Systems of Chemistry of the author's friend Doctor J. Murray, and Doctor Thomson, the papers of Sir Hum- phrey Davy, the Annates de Chimie, and the valuable analyses of Berzelius ; and the properties of most of the vegetable productions from the Materia Medica a Regno Vegetabili of Bergius, and from personal observation. With regard to their medical properties and doses, the best writers have been consulted, and every assistance derived from the Practical Synopsis of Doctor Pearson; while any peculiar effects observed in the course of the author's own practice have been cautiously adopted. In marking the incompatible articles, those only are given which are likely to enter into extemporaneous prescriptions with the substance under which they stand; and it is to be wished that more attention were bestowed upon these by the majority of practitioners; for, un- doubtedly, many of the confused and contradictory accounts which have been given of the effects of different remedies, have arisen from the injudicious combinations into which they have been made to enter, as well as the improper circumstances of the cases in which they have been prescribed. To make up for the shortness of the descriptions in the body of the work, a more general and full account of each of the classes of sub- stances employed, is given in the Introduction ; and to facilitate the art of prescription to the student, a few of the more common formulae are introduced by way of example ; besides a table, graduating the doses of medicines to the ages of the patients. As the work is an acknowledged compilation, very little of novelty can be expected in it, and the sole merit it can claim is that of cor- rectness. As it is, he presents it to the public, whose decision must eventually stamp the value of every production, either of labour or of intellect; and therefore, while he sets the rudder of his little bark and commits it to the popular tide, he trusts, that if it be worthy of attention, and can prove useful, it will be wafted to a safe port • but if not, it will quickly founder, and be for ever forgotten. 91 Sloane-street, London. 28tA January, 1810. INTRODUCTION. IN* the British Pharmacopoeias, the articles of the Materia Medica, which are simples, or are not prepared by the apothecary, are ar- ranged in alphabetical order ; but the chemical and pharmaceutical preparations are arranged in different classes, so that all the sub- Btances compounded in a similar mode, or possessing similar chemical properties, are brought together under the same title. We propose to give a general view of the peculiarities of each of these classes, by way of introduction to the particular notices of the individual arti- cles contained in the Pharmacopoeias; and as we have adopted the work of the London College as our text book, we shall follow its, method of arrangement. ACIDS. All the acids employed in Pharmacy, with the exception of the muriatic acid, are supposed to be compounds of oxygen with one or more combustible substances: but the muriatic acid is a compound of chlorine and hydrogen. Acids are characterized by the following properties. They are sour to the taste, change to red the blue, pur- ple, and vegetable colours; form neutral compounds with alkalies and earths, in which the properties of both the components are lost; and unite with the metallic oxyds, constituting a peculiar class of salts. They unite, also, with water in any proportion. The names of acids, formed from the same base, vary in their terminations, according to the quantity of oxygen they are presumed to contain. Thus, when sulphur is united with its full portion of oxygen, the acid is named sulphuric, when with a smaller portion, sulphurous ; the terminations ic and ous marking the degree of acidification. Although chlorine is now acknowledged to be a sim- ple substance, yet, the Pharmacopoeias term it oxymuriatic acid, as if it were a compound of muriatic acid and an excess of oxygen. The stronger acids should be kept in well-stopped glass bottles, and the name of the acid each bottle contains engraved on the glass. Thev should also be dispensed in glass-stopped phials; for i;ork XII blackens the sulphuric acid, and it is dissolved by the nitric and the muriatic acids. Sulphuric acid is sometimes adulterated with sulphate of potass; which may be detected by saturating the acid with ammonia, and exposing it in a crucible to a red heat, so as to expel the sulphate of ammonia:—the sulphate of potass, when present, will remain in the crucible. Nitric acid is often adulterated with sulphuric and muriatic acids. These adulterations are discovered by dropping into the suspected acid a solution of nitrate of barytes, which is precipitated white, if sulphuric acid be present; and a solution of nitrate of silver, the precipitation of a muriate of which shows the presence of muriatic acid. In the same manner, Sulphuric acid is detected in acetic acid, by dropping into it a solution of acetate of barytes ; copper, by the acid becoming bluish when supersaturated with ammonia, and lead, by a black precipitate being thrown down when sulphuretted hydro- gen gas is added to it. ALKALIES, AND THEIR SALTS. Two of the Alkalies employed in Pharmacy are compounds of oxygen with metallic bases ; the other is a compound of hydrogen and azote. They possess properties the reverse of the acids. Their taste is urinous and acrid; they change to green the vegetable blue and red colours; are caustic, or inflame and corrode the skin, and dissolve animal matter ; have a strong affinity for water, and by their greater solubility in it are distinguished from the earths; unite with oils and fat forming soap; and form neutral salts with the acids. There are three mineral alkalies; one is volatile, and cannot be ob- tained perfectly pure in a solid form; the other two are fixed. They should be kept in well-stopped glass bottles, and dispensed in glass- stopped phials. Ammonia, the volatile alkali, is often over-diluted with water, which may be known by the spec. grav. of the fluid: or, a phial ca- pable of containing 224 grains of distilled water, should hold 216 grains of liquor ammonia?. Liquor potassa often contains lime, which is known by the solution, diluted with distilled water, becom- ing milky when the breath is blown through it, the lime being thus formed into a carbonate. The purity of potash, in the solid form, is of little consequence, as it is used for external application only : pure soda is not used in medicine. Alkaline. .Salts should, when neutral, have neither alkaline nor Kill «cid properties ; but occasionally the one or the other evidently pre. dominates. When it is the acid which is in excess, super is added to the appellation of the salt, as supercarbonate of potash; when the alkali, sub, as subcarbonate of potash. They require for their solution various proportions of water, from one half to 2000 times the weight of the salt. When they attract moisture, they are said to be deliquescent; when they lose their water of crystallization, be- come opaque, dry, and easily fall to powder, efflorescent; if, when exposed to heat, they gradually dry to a mass, they are said to under- go the watery fusion ; and to decrepitate, if they split, fly, and crackle, when exposed to a high temperature. The salts most commonly adulterated are subcarbonas potasses and subcarbonas soda. To try the first, make a solution of one part of the salt in eight of distilled water. If this become turbid after being neutralized with pure nitric acid, it indicates the presence of silex ; if a white precipitate be thrown down by muriate of barytes, or acetate of lead, sulphuric salts are indicated; and muri- atic salts by a white precipitate being formed with nitrate of silver. If a white precipitate be produced by a solution of oxalate of pot- ash, lime, or its carbonates, is present. The same tests show the presence of similar substances in subcarbonate of soda, if added to a saturated solution of it in acetous acid. The addition of tartaric acid discovers potash, by forming a precipitate of supertartrate of potash. The deliquescent and efflorescent salts should be kept and dispensed in stopped bottles; while those that are persistent will not suffer from being put up in paper. EARTHS, AND THEIR SALTS. The earths, like the alkalies, are probably compounds of oxygen with metallic bases. They are of very difficult fusibility; very sparingly soluble; and unite with the acids, forming neutral salts. Those that are soluble in water possess properties very similar to those of the alkalies; they are caustic; change to green vegetable blues and reds; and, combined with oils, form soap. Two earths, only, in their pure state, are used in medicine ; lime and magnesia. The former, which is chiefly employed in pharma- ceutical operations, should be used as soon after it is burnt as possi- ble ; and each should be preserved in very closely-stopped bottles, as both attract, powerfully, the carbonic acid contained in atmospheric air. The solution of lime, or lime water, should be kept in small A2 XIV bottles, perfectly full and well eorked ; for, by the contact ef air, the lima attract? carbonic acid, loses its solubility, and forms a pellicle of carbonate of lime on the surface of the water. « The Neutral Earthy Salts do not require any particular care or management, except that they, ought not to enter into extemporaneous prescriptions with substances which are likely to decompose them ; or with those acids with which they form insoluble compounds; as, for example, chalk with sulphuric acid. *' METALS, AND THEIR SALTS. Metals, which are supposed to be simple substances, have a greater (specific gravity than any other class of bodies; are dense, opaque, susceptible of a fine polish, tenacious; and are the best conductors of heat. They are, more or less, fusible, and may be volatilized by heat. In their metallic state, they have affinities for each other, for oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, sulphur, and phosphorus; and, when united with oxygen, for acids, alkalies, and the eajlhsfc None of the metals, except tin, are employed mT the metallic form as remedies in the practice of medicine ; but-for phamaceu- tical purposes, it is of importance to obtain them in as pure a state as possible. Metallic Salts are either simple combinations of the metals with oxygen, or combinations of their oxyds with acids. Metals combine with various portions of oxygen, which are de- noted and expressed by the colour of the oxyds, as gray oxyd of mer- cury, red oxyd of mercury, &c. Oxyds have not the lustre, opacity, tenacity, nor gravity of the metals; are uninflammable, generally insipid, nearly insoluble in water, and have an earthy appearance. They require to be kept in stopped bottles, as some of them are re- duced by hydrogen, which is more or less constantly floating in the atmosphere. The metallic salts, which, properly speaking, are oxyds combined with the acids, are of a saline nature, generally soluble in water, and crystallizable. They are named from the acid, and the metal with the oxyd of which it is combined, as sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, muriate of mercury, &c. The active properties of me- tallic salts vary much, according to the degree of previous oxydize- ment of the metals they contain : thus, the same acid, united with an imperfect oxyd, will form an insipid, insoluble compound, while, with a more perfect oxyd, the compound will be acrid, and soluble in water. In pharmaceutical language, although not strictly correct, the latter salt is distinguished by the syllable ozy—as otymuriatc «/ mtrcury, or corrosive sublimate, to distinguish it from submuriate of mercury, or calomel Metallic salts are not always perfect neutrals. When the oxyd is in excess, the syllable sub is added to the name of the salt, as subni- tras bismuthi, subcarbonas plumbi, &c. Some of these salts, also, arc oxyds united with sulphur, sulphuretted hydrogen, phosphate of lime, carbonate of lime, and carbonate of ammonia, and receive appellations in the Pharmacopoeias, correspondent to their supposed composition. Many of the metallic salts effloresce, and attract oxygen from the atmosphere, others are altered in their properties by moisture, and some of them are decomposed by the action of light; hence, perhaps, it ought to be a general rule to keep all of them in well-stopped bot- tles made of green glass, or otherwise rendered opaque. In forming those which are soluble into lotions, distilled water should be used; and in mixtures, attention should be paid not to unite them with in- compatible substances. PREPARATIONS OF SULPHUR. The combinations of sulphur with the alkalies and the earths are named sulpkurets, and require to be carefully preserved from the atmosphere, as they attract moisture from it, deliquesce, and are de- composed. The oxygen of the water acidifies part of the sulphur, and forms sulphates; while one part of the hydrogen, uniting with a portion of the sulphur, volatilizes it in the form of sulphuretted hy- drogen gas, and another assists in producing hydroguretted sulphurets of the alkaline base. One test of the goodness of concrete sulphu- rets, therefore, is their want of odour: for whenever the foetid gas is evident, decomposition has already commenced. VEGETABLES. As the collection of vegetable substances cannot be attended to by the medical practitioner, the directions usually given relative to the mode and time of gathering plants are of less importance than a knowledge of their botanical characters, and their proper appearance, when well and recently dried ; for many inert plants are often intro- duced by the collectors among those which possess the most active and useful properties. They are generally tied in bundles, and hung up in the air, without any regard to the action of light, which often Very materially affectB both the colour and the efficacy of the vege- A 3 JTV1 table; but it would be better to pick the flowers and leaves from the stems, when these are useless, cut the roots into small pieces after they are well dried : and preserve them in closely covered tin canis- ters, or oil jars, lined with paper. Some things, as, for instance, the squill bulb and the colchicum bulb, should always be dried by the apothecary. The bulb should be cut transversely, the lamina? sepa- rated and dried by a heat under 212° Fah., after which the pieces ought to be friable, and have as bitter and acrid a taste as the moist bulb. GUM RESINS. These are natural combinations of gum and resin ; the former predominating in some, the latter in others. They have generally a strong odour, and a pungent, bitter taste; are solid, brittle, opaque, almost all entirely soluble in diluted alcohol, and form emulsions when triturated with water; but by standing, the resin is deposited, and, therefore, fluid preparations of gum resins should always be ex- temporaneous. They soften by a gentle heat; but in a high tempera- ture are decomposed. The gum resins, particularly opium, should be well freed from ex- traneous matters; and, when it is wished to retain them in a soft state for making pills, they must be kept in the mass, wrapped in a bladder, in a well-covered opaque jar ; but when they are to be powdered, they should be cut into small pieces, and laid in an open drawer, or exposed to the air. EXPRESSED OILS. These oils aie compounds of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. They are prepared by nature in the seeds and fruit of some vegetables, from which they are expressed, and hence their appellation; but, per- haps, as Dr. Duncan, jun. properly observes, the title fixed oils, as used by the Edinburgh College, is preferable, as it implies their cha- racter, and as some of the volatile oils also are obtained by expres- sion. Those which are expressed without heat are to be preferred, as by heat they are apt to acquire acrimony and an empyreumatic odour. The greater number of them, when pure, are liquid in a moderate temperature, unctuous, perfectly transparent, colourless, or of a pale yellow or greenish tinge ; inodorous; lighter than water, and not miscible with it; they unite with alkalies and form soap ; and with oxyd of lead and form plasters. Almond and olive oil should be insipid ; linseed and castor oils have some taste, but thev $ XVII should not feel hot nor acrid in the throat. Palm oil is a soft solid. The rancidity of oils depends on the absorption of oxygen, on which account they should be kept in bulk as much as possible, and in narrow-necked bottles ; so that a very small surface only will be exposed to the air. DISTILLED OILS. For similar reasons as those stated above, regarding expressed oils, we prefer the title of the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, volatile oils, for these preparations. . They are compounds of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon ; and are produced by nature in various parts of the vegetable system; either in the flowers, the fruit, the leaves, or the bark, and sometimes in all of these parts. The majority of them are obtained by distillation, but some of them by expression. They possess the unctuosity, inflammability, and viscidity of the fixed oils; but they are in general coloured, odoriferous, pungent, and acrid. The ma- jority are lighter than water, but some of them are heavier, and some congeal at a moderate temperature. They are dissolved in small quantity, in distilled water, by simple agitation. Almost all of them are soluble in alcohol, and miscible with fixed oils, and with each other ; hence they are often adulterated with alcohol, or with oil of olives or of almonds, or with oil of turpentine, which is the cheap- est of the essential oils. The first is discovered by an increase of temperature and a milky appearance, when the oil is mixed with water ; the second, by a greasy stain being left on paper on which the oil is dropped and exposed to a considerable heat, and by not being soluble in alcohol; and the third by its odour when the suspected oil is dropped on paper and heated, or sometimes even when rubbed be- tween the fingers. The odour and taste are the usual tests of their goodness ; and to preserve them, they should be kept in a cool place, in small bottles, quite full, and well corked. DISTILLED WATERS. In the distillation of essential oils, the water, which comes over during the process, contains dissolved in it a portion of the oil, and forms this class of preparations. They should, therefore, hate the odour and taste, in a slight degree, of the oil; free from empyreuma; and if again rectified, which enables them to be kept for two or three years, they should appear nearly as transparent as pure water. Thoy xyjii • are seldom prepared by the apothecary, but generally in the large way, and often very carelessly. When they appear ropy and thick, or have a foetid odour, they are unfit for medicinal use. To prevent their spoiling, a small portion of spirit is often added ; but the second rectification is a preferable method. Common distilled water is seldom used by the apothecary, owing to the trouble of preparing it. But this may be remedied by pro- curing the simple apparatus invented by Doctor Lamb, or by getting a pewter tube fitted to the spout of a common tea-kettle, which may be kept cool, when in use, by being wrapped round with wet rags. Neither boiled nor filtered water will answer the purposes for which distilled water should be used. INFUSIONS. Water at 212° extracts the gum, sugar, extractive, tannin, saline matters, and a portion of the essential oil, and of the resinous matter of vegetables ; hence infusion, perhaps, is equivalent in the majority of cases to decoction. Cold water also extracts many of the active principles of plants. The infusion made with boiling water, al- though, perhaps, less grateful, yet contains more active matter. In either case, infusions should be extemporaneous preparations, and therefore the London College properly directs half a pint only to be made at once. The substances infused should be coarsely powdered only, for when the powder is fine, the infusion never can be rendered perfectly clear. MUCILAGES. These, which are simple solutions of gum in water, are of a thick consistence and adhesive. They should be strained through a coarse cloth, in order to separate the extraneous matters which have ad- hered to the gum. When thick, they may be kept for a considerable time without undergoing any change. In a chemical point of view, the solution of starch and of tragacanth are improperly styled mucilages. DECOCTIONS. These are aqueous solutions of the active principles of vegetables obtained by boiling. The direction of the Pharmacopoeias, particu- larly as to the time of boiling, should be strictly attended to ; for, although by boiling the solvent power of the water is increased, yet, the notion that long coction renders the preparation more active is erroneous. Vegetables containing volatile principles and rxuactive matter, cannot, with strict propriety, be subjected to decoction, as the first arc dissipated by the boiling, and the second attracts oxygen with so much avidity at a temperature of 212°, that it is converted into an insipid inert matter, which is no longer soluble, and is pre- cipitated in the decoction. This is the case with cinchona, senna, and some other vegetable matters, which are still, nevertheless, order- ed to be prepared by decoction. When they are so prepared, the vessels should be very closely covered. Decoctions should not be kept longer than twenty-four hours, in warm weather, as they very soon ferment, become ropy, and spoil. EXTRACTS. These are prepared by evaporating vegetable solutions till a tena- cious mass is obtained. An extract prepared from an infusion or de- coction, is termed a watery extract; from a tincture, a spirituous ex- tract. Both kinds of extracts contain all the principles of the vege- table soluble in the menstrua with which they are prepared; but the volatile matters are dissipated, and some of the fixed parts are de- composed, the proper extractive is oxygenised, and the virtues of the vegetable substance consequently altered or destroyed. Hence this class of preparations might be altogether rejected. Extracts are or- dered to be kept in a hard and in a soft state ; the consistence of the soft being such as to retain the round form of a pill without the addi- tion of any powder. Both should be preserved in a dry place, to prevent them from becoming mouldy ; and the latter should be wrapped in oiled bladders, and kept in closely-covered pots.* MIXTURES. These are chiefly simple suspensions of insoluble substances in fluids, by means of mucilaginous matters. They should always be extemporaneous preparations ; and the only attention required in or- dering tliem, is not to bring together incompatible substances. These are pointed out in their places in the bvdy of this work. * For a great improvement in making Extracts, see London Me- dical Repository, vol. iv. p. 184. A patent, also, has been taken out by Mr. Barry, for preparing them by evaporation in vacuo.—Sec Quarterly Journal of Sciences, vol. viii. p. 360. XX # SPIRITS. This title comprehends spirituous solutions, prepared by simple mix- ture, by maceration, and by distillation. They are uniform, trans- parent, unchanging solutions. In those which are distilled, proof 01 diluted spirit is employed, as pure alcohol is more volatile than the essential oils, which are the parts of the plants held dissolved in these, spirits. They should be perfectly free from impurities and empyreu- ma, and have the odour and taste of the essential oils of the sub- stances from which they are distilled. TINCTURES. Tinctures are spirituous solutions of vegetable, animal, and some saline substances. They are made either with pure alcohol, or with proof spirit. The first kind are precipitated by the addition of water, and therefore are more seldom employed; but the latter are very common additions to infusions and decoctions. They ought not to be united with any vehicle which can decompose the tincture, " or separate any thing from it in a palpable form." Tinctures should always be prepared by the apothecary, as the adulterations of them, which are daily practised by the druggist, are not easily detected. The ingredients should be reduced to a coarse powder, and the maceration made in close vessels, exposed to a heat of 80°, and frequently shaken. When completely made, they should not be put away upon the ingredients, but filtered through bibulous paper, and kept for use in close bottles ; for although they are not liable to spoil, yet, by the evaporation of the menstruum, their strength is altered, which, if they contain opium, or other active matters, may be productive of bad effects. Parmentier* proposes that one half of the spirituous menstruum be added to the vegetable ingredients at first, and after digesting six days, this part be poured off, and the remainder added. In six days more the whole is to be strongly expressed, and the two tinctures mixed together. By this method he imagines more of the active principles of the vegetables are extracted, and the tinctures obtained of a more uniform strength. ETHERS. Ethers are triple compounds of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen, produced from a new arrangement of the elements of alcohol, by the * Annales de Chimie, vol. lxii. p. 40. XXI igency of the acids, at a heat of 160°. They are extremely light and volatile; have a peculiar strong odour and taste; and when pure, boil at a temperature under 100°. They require to be kept in very closely-stopped bottles, and in a cool place. In composition, ethers should not be added to mixtures until they are put into the phials, and ready to be corked; and directions should be given that any ethereal mixture be taken immediately after it is poured from the phial. WINES. Wine is a tolerably good menstruum for many vegetable prin- ciples ; but it is liable to the objection of inequality of strength; and medicated wines are more liable to suffer decomposition from keeping than tinctures. Parmentier* proposes that, instead of pre- paring medicated wines as they have been usually prepared, the alcoholic tinctures should be added to wine in given quantities; by which means, he contends, the preparations are less nauseous, and always of the same determinate strength. They should be kept in well-corked bottles, in a cool place. The London College has sub- stituted dilute spirit for wine, although the term wines (etna) be still retained for these preparations. VINEGARS. Vinegar, or diluted acetic acid, is found to be the best solvent for squill, colchicum, and some aromatics ; but its use cannot be extend- ed, for it alters the powers of some vegetables' principles, and does not accord with others in virtue. Vinegars should be preserved in close-stopped glass bottles, and made in small quantities only at a time, as they are apt to spoil, not- withstanding an addition of spirit which is ordered. PREPARATIONS OF HONEY. Honey was formerly considered as a medicine of some efficacy, particularly in pectoral affections ; but more correct views of these dirfeases have deservedly thrown it into neglect. It acts on the bow- els, but in other respects possesses no advantages over syrup ; there- fore, its preparations have been rejected from the Edinburgh Pharma- copoeia, although they are still continued in those of the London and * Annales de Chimie, vol. iii. p. 46. XX11 the Dublin Colleges. They are not apt to spoil, and flience require less attention to preserve them than syrups^ SYRUPS. These are saturated solutions of sugar in water, either simple oc 'united with some vegetable principle, with the view to colour, flavour, or medical virtue; but for the last intention, this is perhaps the worst of all forms for obtaining the medicinal powers of sub- stances ; and syrups are used chiefly to render the more active pre- parations palatable. Upon the whole, however, they do not even answer this intention well, few persons thinking that sweetness ren- ders a nauseous drug more palatable ; and they might therefore be easily dispensed with. As they quickly ferment, and spoil, if kept in a temperature above 60°, a small quantity only should be retained in the shop for imme- diate use; and the stock kept in a good cellar, in a temperature not exceeding 55°. They should never be used after they have begun to ferment. CONFECTIONS. Under this title, the London College comprehends the conserves and electuaries of the former London, and the present Edinburgh and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. They consist of vegetable matters, beaten, when recent, into a uniform pulpy mass, with sugar ; and of vegetable and light earthy powders mixed with syrup and honey. They form a class of preparations of no great activity,^ when com- pared with the other forms in which the same remedies may be given ; but some vegetable matters can be thus preserved better than by dry- ing ; and they are useful as vehicles, and for giving form to more active medicines. They should be kept in closely-covered jars, te preserve their proper consistence and moisture. POWDERS. This class is the simplest, and perhaps may be thought the least objectionable form of exhibiting medicines ; but, nevertheless, this mode of preparation is hurtful to many remedies. Some substances cannot be reduced to powder, unless very much dried; and the heat necessary to effect this alters their properties ; even the impalpable form given to powders is hurtful to some resinous substances; and if we reflect that many of these, when kept in the mass, have their surface altered by the action of the atmosphere, we shall not wonder xxiii that a great alteration should be effected in a short time, by so great an extension of surface as takes place in the formation of a fine pow- | dcr: this is particularly the case with cinchona, rhubarb, and gvaid- ' cum. It would, perhaps, be a good general rule, to keep all powders in opaque or green glass bottles ; for, besides those which are gene- rally known to be hurt by the action of light, almost every powder is in some degree affected by it: thence the labelled sides of clear bot- tles, containing powders, which are always turned to the light, be- come, as it were, incrusted with the powder changed in its colour, while the other side remains clean. PILLS. These are masses of a proper consistence for forming into pills, and are preserved in this state, by being kept in covered pots wrapped in bladders, and occasionally moistened. A pill should not exceed gt. v. in weight. PREPARATIONS OF ANIMAL MATTERS. The substances of this class are seldom prepared by the apothe- cary, and require little of his attention for their preservation. PLASTERS. A chemical union takes place between the semi-vitreous oxyd of lead and oil; and a solid, hard compound is formed, tenacious in a moderate degree of heat. This forms the base of the majority of the plasters; but some of them owe their consistence to wax and resin.* They should not adhere to the hand when cold, should be easily spread when heated, and remain tenacious and pliant after they are spread. Those that contain metallic oxyds ought to be melted by the heat of boiling water, for in a greater degree of heat the fatty matter is apt to reduce the oxyd. All plasters become too consistent by age; when this is the case, they may be re-melted by a gentle heat, and some oil added to them. They are spread either on linen, silk, or leather. CERATES, OINTMENTS, LINIMENTS. These are preparations nearly resembling each other, but of a dif- ferent degree of consistence. The first owe their greater firmness to * Deyeux, Annates de Chimie, vol. xxxiii. p. 52. proposes to con- fine the name plasters to the combinations of the oxyds, and oils or fat; and to give to those not containing oxyds the term solid ointments. XXIV wax, from which they are named, and exceed in consistence the oint- ments, which should have that of butter, while the liniments are scarcely thicker than common oil. The most important circumstance in these preparations is, the freshness of the fat and oils employed, and their preservation in this state. The mercurial ointment, how- ever, forms an exception to this rule, as a slight degree of rancidity of the lard facilitates the oxydizement of the mercury, and the formation of the ointment; and old mercurial ointment is always to be more depended upon than that which has been recently prepared. CATAPLASMS. These are extemporaneous preparations, and have a place in the Pharmacopoeias merely to fix the proportions of the ingredients. XXVI EXPLANATION OF THE REFERENCES. L. London \ E. Edinburgh > Pharmacopoeias. D. Dublin ' V. S. United States. N. O. Natural Orders. L. Linnaeus, i Showing the names of the natural orders, as adopt- /. Jussieu, ) ed by these botanists. 5 Signifies that the plant is a shrub or tree. H That it is a perennial. 0 That it is an annual. S That it is biennial. Comp. Implies components, showing the chemical constituents of the substance under consideration. Prop. Its chemical and natural properties. Oper. Its operation or medical effects. Use. Its medical uses. Incomp. The incompatibles, or tliose substances with which it cannot be combined in prescription, without altering its chemical or medi- cinal properties. Off. Prep. Officinal preparations into which the substance under con- sideration enters as a part. The circumflexes after the title of any article enclose the name of the substance from which it is obtained ; if a plant, its class and order in the Linnaean system ; the natural order according to Linnaeus and Jussieu, the place of its growth, and the kind of plant. If a com- pound, they enclose the formula of the London College. The old name of each article is placed in italics, after its botanical arrangement. A 4 A CONSPECTUS, &c. ABIETIS RESINA. L. Resin of the Spruce Fir. (Pinus Abies, The Spruce Fir. Monacia Adelphia, N. O. Conifcra. Europe, America. ^>).— Thus. Comp. Resin and essential oil. Prop. Solid, dry, brittle; externally brownish yellow; internally whitish. Oper. Rubefacient. Use. Externally, as plasters, in catarrh, pertussis, and dyspnoea. Off. Prep. Emplast. Aromat. D. Emp. Galbani Comp. L. Emp. Opii. L. Emplast. Thuris. D. ABROTANI FOLIA. D. Southernwood Leaves. (Artemisia Abro- tanum. Class and order as Absinthium. *>.) Prop. Odour strong, fragrant; taste hot, bitter, nauseous ; extracted by alcohol, imperfectly by water. Opcr. Tonic, anthelmintic, diaphoretic, resolvent. Use. In debilities of the stomach ; and in glysters in worm cases ; but more commonly externally as a stimulating fomentation, for tu niours and gangrenous ulcers. Dose. 3j. to 3j.; or of an infusion made with 3 vj. of the leaver, in f 5 x. of water, a cupful twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Sulphate of iron, acetate of lead. ^ ABSINTHIUM. L. Artemisia? Absinthii folia, SummitatesT E. Fol. Cacumina Absinthii vulg. D. Wormwood. (Artemisia Absinthium, Common Wormwood, Syngen. Superfi. N. O. Composite Nu- camentaeea L. Corymbtfera. J. Indigenous. 2L) Absinthium vulgare. Prop. Odour strong and unpleasant; taste bitter, nauseous : ex- tracted by water and alcohol. Oper. Tonic, anthelmintic, discutient, antiseptic. Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, gout, Hypochondriasis, dropsy. Clysters of the decoction are useful in ascarides. Dose. In substance 3j. to 3ij. Infusion, ( 3 vj. to water Oj.) f 3 iv, to f 3 xij., three or four times a day. * Incomp. Sulphates of iron and zinc; superacetate of lead. ABSINTHII MARITIMI CACUMINA. D. The tops of Sea Worm- wood. (Artemisia Maritima. Class and order as Absinthium. i|..i Properties, use, &c. the same as Absinthium. B J8 ACE ACACLE GUMMI. L. Acacia? Arabica? Gummi, E. Gurnmi Arabi- cum, D. Gum Arabic. (Acacia vera, Polygam. Monmcia, N. O. Lomentacea, L. Leguminose, J. Africa. 5.), Arabicum Gummi. Comp. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and lime. Prop. Inodorous, insipid ; in irregular pieces, colourless, or of a pale yellow colour, hard, brittle, fracture shining, transparent, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol: spec. grav. 1.4317. Oper. Demulcent. Use. In catarrh, pertussis, ardor urinae, &c. Dose. In substance 3j. to 3ij. In decoctions, ad libitum. Incomp. Goulard's extract, alcohol, sulphuric eiher, muriated tinc- ture of iron. Off. Prip- Mucilago Acacia:, L. E. I). F.mulsio Acaeite Arabica, E. Emvlsio Arabica, D. Mistura Cornu usti, L. D. Mistura Crete, L. D. Mistura Moschi, L. Mistura fruaiaci, L. Confectio Amygdalarum, L. Pulvis Creta Comp. L. Pulv. Trugacavthe Comp. L. Trochisci Carbonatis Calcis, E. Tro. Glycyrrhiia, E. Tro. Glyeyr. cum Opio, E. Tro. dummosi, E. ACETOSA FOLIA. L. Rumicis Acetosa? Folia, E. Leaves of Common Sorrel. (Rumex Acetosa. Common Sorrel. Hexandria, Dygynia, N. O. Holoracete, L. Polygonem, J. Indigenous, l\.) Acetosa pratensis. Prop. Inodorous, taste acid and grateful. Oper. Refrigerant, diuretic. Use. In inflammatory complaints, and cutaneous diseases. Dose. The recent leaves ad libitum ; of the juice f 5 j. to f 5 ij. De- coction in whey, a handful to Oij., ad libitum. Their effects depend on the super-oxalate of Potash which they contain. ACETOSELLA. L. Wood Sorrel. (Oxalis Acetosella. Common Wood Sorrel. Decan'd. Pentagynia, N. O. Gruinales, L. Ge- rania, J. Europe. 2L) Lujula, folium. Prop. Inodorous, taste a sweetish acid; juice coagulates milk. Oper. Refrigerant, antiseptic. Use. In bilious and putrid fevers, and inflammatory complaints. Dose. In infusion of a handful in water Oij., or boiled in milk in the same proportions to form a whey, ad libitum. ACETAS FERRI. D. Acetate of iron. (Ferri carbonatis Iss. acidi acetosi fort, f § iij. Digest for three days, and filter.) Comp. Opide of iron, acetic acid. Prop. Taste styptic, warm. Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue. Use. In dyspepsia, hysteria, chlorosis, dropsy, and. most cases of general debility. Dose, fllx. to fllxxx. ACETAS HYDRARGYRI. E. D. Acetate of Quicksilver. (Hy- drargyripur. I iij. Acidi Nitrici diluti I ivss. Acetatis Potassat 5 iij. Aqua bullientis lbviij. Mix the mercury with the acid, and digest until it be dissolved; then mix the solution still hot with the acetate of potash dissolved in the water, and crystallize.) Hydrar- gyrus acetatus Comp. Oxide of mercury, acetic acid. Prop. Crystals small shining flakes, solubleAl hot water, but scarcely in cold; taste acrid: insoluble in alcohol. Oper. Antisyphiiitic, alterative. A C E 29 Use. In syphilis, but not to be depended on ; in cutaneous eruptions externally applied gr. ij. dissolved in f 5 ij. of rose water. Pose, grj. togr. vj. night and morning. Incomp. The Alkalies. Should be kept in an opaque bottle, as light blackens it. It is (lie active ingredient of Keysets Pills. ACETUM. L. E. Acetum vini, D. Vinegar. Comp. Acetic acid, water, alcohol, mucilage, tartaric acid, tartrate of potash, sugar; extractive. Prop. Odour pungent, taste a pleasant acid, colour pale yellow, transparent: spec. grav. 1.0204. Oper. Refrigerant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, astringent, anti-narcotic ; externally stimulant and discutient. Use. In febrile complaints and scorbutus ; to counteract the effects of opium and other narcotics, after the stomach has been cleared; steam inhaled in putrid sore throats and in scurvy ; in bruises, sprains, burns, and chronic ophthalmia. Dose. f3 j. to f3iv. In clysters f |j. tof ?ij. Lotion. B; Aceti f J j., spirit us ten. f 3 iv., Aqua? f 5 viij. Off. Prep. Acid. acet. camphoratum, E. D. Acidum aceticum (dilutum) E. D. Acidum acetosum forte, E. D. Cataplasma Sinapis, L. D. Ceratum Saponis, L. D. Linimentum JEruginist L. Syrupus aceti, E. Syr. Colchici Autumnalis, E. ACIDUM ACETICUM AROMATICUM. E. Aromatic Vinegar. (Rorismarini cacum: sic. folior. Salvia} sic. sing. ?i. Lavan- dula; fior. sic- 3 iv. Caryophyllorum cont. 3 s. Acidi acetici P. lbij. Macerate seven days, and filter the expressed liquor through paper.) Acetum aromaticum. Comp. Vinegar holding in solution the essential oils of rosemary, sage, lavender, and cloves. Prop. Odour pungent and aromatic. Use. As a grateful perfume in sick rooms. ACETUM COLCHICI. L. Vinegar of Meadow Saffron. (Colchici rad. recent, concism fj. Acidi acetici Oj. Spir. ten. f ?j.) Comp. The acrid principle of the bulb dissolved in diluted acetic. acid, (f 5 j. of proof spirit ordered to Oj. of the vinegar, is to make it keep.) Prop. Diuretic, but very uncertain; purgative. ^ Use. In ascites, hydrothorax, and gout. q| Dose. f3ss. to f3jss. in any bland fluid. ACETUM OPII. U. S. Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. (Gum. Opii. fbss. AcetiOiij. Myristicee contus. 5jss. Croci. ?ss. Boil to a proper consistence, then add Sacchar. § iv. Cerevis. fermentj f 5j. Digt-st for seven weeks, then place in the open air until it becomes a syrup ; lastly, deca-nt, filter, and bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle.) Oper. Anodyne, without leaving those unpleasant symptoms, which usually follow the exhibition of opium in its ordinary forms. Dose. It is ahout three times the strength of the officinal tincture of opium, nnd must be dosed accordingly. ACETUM SOILL^E. L. D. Acidum Aceticum Scilliticum, E. Vine- gar ofJS.jiiill. (Scilliel^ad. recent, ezsiccata Ibj. Aceti Ovj. Spi- ritus ten. Oss. Macerate the squill in the acid with a gentle heat, in a covered vessel, for twenty-four hours; then express the liquor, no a c i and set it aside that the feculencies may subside; lastly, add the spirit to the clear liquor.) Comp. The acrid principle of the bulb dissolved in diluted acetic acid, with a small portion of spirit. Prop. Taste bitter, acidulous. Oper. Diuretic, expectorant, emetic. Use. In dropsies, asthma, and chronic catarrh. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 ij. in cinnamon water, or mint water. Off. Prep. Oxymel Scilla, L. Syrupus Scillee, E. ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. L. Acidum Aceticum tenue.E. Acetum Distillatum, D. Distilled Vinegar. Acetum Distillatum. Comp. Acetic acid and water, with uncombined mucilage, and ex- tractive. Prop. OdourIcbs pungent than that of vinegar; taste acid ; transpa- rent ; colourless. Oper. The same as that of vinegar. Use. The same .as vinegar; but chiefly for pharmaceutical purposes. Off. Prep. Liquor Ammonia; acetatis, L. E. D. Potassa Acetas, L. E. D. Acetas Ferri, D- Liquor Plumbi subacetatis, L. D. Plumbi Superacetas, L.^E. D. Acetum Colchici, L. Acetum Scil- la, L. E. D. Oxymel, L. D. Emplast. Ammoniaci, L. Oxymel Colchici, D. ACIDUM ACETICUM FORTIUS. L. Acidum Aceticum, D. Acidum Aceticum forte, E. Acetic acid. Acidum aceticum e ligno distillatum. Comp. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen forming acetic acid, and water. Prop. Odour very pungent and grateful; taste acid and acrid ; spec. grav. 1.046, very volatile. 87 grs. of crystallized subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains of this acid. Oper. Stimulant, rubefacient, escharotic. Use. Applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, and headaebs; destroys corns and warts. Off. Prep. Acidum Aceticum Camphoratum, E. D. ACIDUM ACETICUM CAMPHORATUM, D. Acidum Aceticum Camphoratum, E. Camphorated Acetic Acid. (Acidi acetici f 5 vj. Camphors ? sa- Rub the Camphor to powder by means of a little alcohol; then dissolve it in the acid.) Prop. Odour extremely pungent; volatile. ' Oper. Stimulant. Use. 'Mft vapour is snuffed up the nostrils in svneope. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. L. E. D. Benzoic'acid. Flares Benzoes. Comp. Carbon, hydrogen (predominating,) oxygen. (Obtained from benzoin.) Prop. Odour aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, slightly acidulous, and agreeable; soluble in boiling water and alcohol; crystals « hite flakes, brilliant, ductile, slender. Oper. Stimulant; as an expectorant doubtful; errhine. Use. In chronic catarrh, but of very little efficacy. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. Off. Prep. Tinctura Camphura composite, L. D. Tinct. Opii Ainnioniata, E. ACIDUM CARBONTCUM. U.S. Carbonic Acid. (Calcis Carbn- vatis in pvlr. erasso quantumvis. Pour uponit so much water us shall completely cover it; thru add, by small quantities *t a time, sulphuric acid uptil the gas cease? to be extricated*) A C I 31 Comp.' Oxygsn, "2.624. Carbon, 27.376. Spec. grav. 1.5196. Use. Enters into the composition of several medicated waters. Off. Pre]. Aq.Aeid. Carbon, U.S. Aq. Magnes. U.S. Aq. Super- raibon. Potass. E. Aq. Supercarbon- Sod. E. ACIDUM CITRICUM. L. Acidum Citricum Crystallis Concretum, D. Citric Acid. Crystalli. Comp. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. (Obtained from lemon juice.^ Prop. Shar'r acidity of lemon juice; crystals rhomboidal prisms, per- sistent, white, semi-transparent; soluble in less than twice their weight of cold water, and in half their weight of boiling water. Oper. R.ifrigerant, antiseptic. Use In febrile and inflammatory complaints, and scorbutus ; and dissolved in water, instead of recent lemon juice, for the effervescing draught. (Proportion 3 x. to water Oj.) Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ij. dissolved in water, or any bland fluid. Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetate of lead, nitrate and ace- tate of mercury. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. L. E. D. Muriatic Acid. Comp. Unkown base ; real acid 21.51; water 78.49 pts. (from com- mon salt.) / Prop. Odour suffocating, taste4ntensely acid and Cuustic ; nearly co- lourless when pure, but commonly of a pale yellow colour ; vola- tile, the fumes visible ; spec. grav. 1.160 to 1.0U0. f|j. 100 grains should saturate 124 grains of subcarbonate of soda. Oper. Tonic, antiseptic, diuretic. Use. In typhus; cutaneous eruptions; in gargles in inflammatory and putrid sore throats: in injections in gonorrhoea. Dose. fflx. to fllxx. properly diluted ; in gargles f3ss. to f3ij. in . f 5 vi. of fluid ; injection fl\viij. to water f$iv. Off. Prep. Marias Baryta, E. Solutio Muriatis Calcis, E. D. Tinctura Fcrri Muriatis, L. E. D. Hydro-sulpkuretum Am- moni.) Qual. Odour faintly aromatic, lost in drying ; taste subaromatic, bit- terish, slightly styptic. Oper. Astringent, stomachic. Use. In dyspepsia ; of little efficacy. Dose. In powder from 3j. to 3j. A cupfull of the infusion occa- sionally. Incomp. Sulphate of iron, potash. ALCOHOL. L. D. Alcohol. (Rectified Spirit distilled from Sub- carbonate of Potash dried.) Comp. Oxygen 65.05, carbon \A.22, hydrogen 16.73. Prop. Odour fragrant, penetrating; taste pungent, burning: colour- less ; transparent ; boils at 17671; it dissolves all the vegetable se- cretions, either wholly or partially, except gum ; dissolves also am- monia, potash, and soda. Spec. grav. 0.815. Oper. Stimulant, (powerful and diffusible,) sedative. Use. Scarcely ever used internally in its pure state, but often, and advantageously, in a highly diluted form, in cases of debility, and low fevers; externally as a fomentation in muscular pains ; to burns ; and to restrain haemorrhages. Off. Prep. Spiritus Ammonia Succinatus, L. Spir. Ammonia Fce- tidus, D. Alcohol Ammoniatum, E. JEther Sulph. E. D. JEther Nitrosus, D. JEther Sulph- c. Alcohole, E. ALLII RADIX. (Bulbi.) L. E. D. Garlic Bulbs. (Allium Sativum, Garlic, Hex and. Monogyn- N. O. Spathacea, L. Asphodeli, J. Sicily, Britain. 2L) Prop. Odour strong, offensive, and penetrating ; taste sweetish, biting, and caustic ; these are dissipated by coction. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, diaphoretic, and anthelmintic ; externally rubefacient, maturant, and repellant. Use. In cold leucophlegmatic habits, dropsy, rheumatalgia, humoral asthma, and hysteria. Intermittcnts have been cured by it. The juice dropped into the ear, in atonic deafness, is a very effectual 36 A L U remedy ; and it is also beneficial in herpetic eruptions, formed with oil into an ointment. A poultice of it over the pubis has been found usefuLin atony of the bladder Dose. One to six cloves, swallowed without chewing, twice or thrice a day. Of the juice f 3 ss. to f 3 ij. mixed with sugar or syrup. In pills, with soap or calomel, gr. xv. to 3 ij. The virtues of the genus Allium depend on an acrid principle, solu- ble in water, alcohol, acids, and alkalies. ALOES SPICAT/E EXTRACTUM. L. Aloes Extractum, E. D. (Aloe Spicata. The Socotrine Aloe. Hexand. Monogyn, N. O. Coronaria, L. Asphodtli, J. Cape of Good Hope. /L) Aloe. Comp. Resin 980, gummy matter 78 pts. in 1000. Prop. Odour not unpleasant, rather fragrant; taste very bitter, not unlike that of animal bile, and slightly aromatic ; colour reddish brown, with a shade of purple : mass hard, friable, fracture con- choidal and glossy ; soluble in diluted alcohol ; powder of a bright cinnamon-yellow colour. Oper. Cathartic, warm and stimulating, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, stomachic ; hurtful in ha?morrhois. Dose. For the first purpose gr. v. to 3j.; for the latter gr. ij. to gr. iij. twice or thrice a day. The form of pill is the most convenient mode of exhibition. Off. Prep. Decoctum Aloes Compositum, L. Extractum Aloes, L. D. Ext. Colocynthidis Comp. L. D. Tinct. Aloes, L. E. D. Tinct. Aloes Comp. L. E. D. Tinct. Aloes JEtherea, E. Tinct. Benzoini Comp. L. E. D. Tine. Rhei et Aloes, E. Vinum Aloes, L. E. D. Pulvis Aloes Comp. L. Pil. Aloes cum Myrrha, L. E. D. Pil. Cambogias Comp. L. Pil. Aloes et Assafatida, E. Cum Colocynthide, E. Rhei Comp. E. Pil, Scammonii Comp. cum Aloe, D. Pilula Aloes, E. D. ALOE HEPATICA; EXTRACTUM, E. D. Barbadoes Aloes. (Aloes perfoliata. Class and order as above. Barbadoes, Greece. 24-.) Aloe Barbadensis. Comp. As above, but with a larger portion of resin. Prop. Odour very disagreeable, intensely bitter, and nauseous ; pow- der a dull olive yellow. Oper. As above, but not so frequently employed. ALTH/E/E FOLIA ET RADIX. L. E. Marsh Mallow Leaves and Root. (Althaea Officinalis, Marsh Mallow, Monadelph. Polyand. N. O. Columnifera, L. Malvacea, J. Indigenous. 2L) Prop. Inodorous; taste sweetish, feeling mucilaginous when chewed; yields its mucus to water by coction. Oper. Emollient, lubricating, demulcent Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections ; ardor urina?; calculus ; externally in fomentations, clysters, and gargles. Off. Prep. Decoctum Althaa Officinalis, E. Syrupus Althaa, L. E. ALUMEN. L. E. D. Alum, (from Schistose Clays.) Comp. Sulphate of alumina, with excess of acid, 36.85; sulphate of potash, 18.15; water 45.00 parts (Berzelius.) Prop. Crystals regular octahedrons; but generally in large white semi-transparent masses ; taste sweetish, styptic ; effloresces in the air: 16 pts. water at 60° dissolve one part of alum. Oper. Tonic, astringent; and, in some instances, laxative. Use. In haemorrhages, leucorrhoea, diabetes, colica pictonum ; exter- nally in relaxation of the uvula, ophthalmia, gleet, and fluor albus. A M M 37 Uose. Grs. v. to xv. united with an aromatic; or in whey, made with 3 ij. of the powder and hot milk Oj., a teacupful occasionally ; in gargles 3 ss. in f|iv. of fluid ; in collyria and injections gr. xij. ; ui rose water f 5 vj. Incomp. Potussa and potassa? carbonas, soda? carbonas, ammonia, lime, magnesia, supcracetate of lead, infusion of galls. Off. Prep. Alumen F.xsiccatum, L. E. D. Liquor Aluminis Comp. L. Pulv. Sulphatis Alumina Comp. E. Solutio Sulphatis Cupri Composita, E. ALUMEN EXSICCATUM. L. E. Alumen I'stum, D. Dried Alum. (Melt the alum in an earthen vessel over the fire, until the ebullition cease.) Cvmp. As above, without the water of crystallization. Prop. Dry, friable, white, opaque. Opir. Eschurotie. Luc. To destroy fungus in ulcers ; internally in colic. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. AMMONLE SUBCARBONAS. L. E. D. Carbonate of Ammonia, Comp. Ammonia 39, carbonic acid 50, water 11 parts, but the quan- tity of acid varies according to the heat employed in the prepa- ration. Prop. A white, striated, crystallized mass: odour and taste pungent mid ammoniacal ; soluble in 2 pts. of water ; insoluble in alcohol; erHorisces in the air. Oper. Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, antispasmodic bse. In hysteria, dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism : applied to the nostrils in syncope- Incomp. Potassa fusa, liquor potassae, magnesia. Dose. Gr. v. to xv. in pills, or in any bland fluid. Off. Prep. IJquor Ammonia Carbonatis, L- E. D. Liquor Ammo- nia Acetatis, L. E- D. Cuprum Ammoniatum, L. E- D. AMMONI/E MURIAS- L. Murias Ammonia?, E. Sal Ammoniacum, I). Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac. Sal ammoniacus. Comp. Muriatic acid 9.55, ammonia 31-95, water 18 50 parts. Prop. Inodorous ; taste acrid, pungent, bitterish, urinous ; 3 pts. of cold water dissolve 1 pt.; usually in the form of a hard striated cake ; soluble also in 4.5 pts. of alcohol- Oper- Aperient, diuretic ; externally to produce cold during its solu- tion ; stimulant. Use- Seldom used internally : externally while dissolving, to abiste tin; heat and pain of inflammation ; to allay headach, in lotion composed of the salt |j- alcohol f?j- waterf^ix. to indolent tu- mours, gangrene, scabies, and chilblains. Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids, superacctate of lead, potash, carbonates of soda and potash, lime- * Off. Prep. Ammonia Carbonas, L- E- D. Liquor Ammonia, L. E. D. Aq. Carbonatis Ammonia, E. D- Alcohol Ammoniatum, E. D- Fcrrum Ammoniatum, L. E. D. Aqua Cupri Ammoniati, D. Sulphuretum Ammonia, D. Murias Ammonia et Ferri, D. A.MMoNIACUM. L. E-D. Ammoniac. (Heraclcum Gummiferum, Willd. Barbary, Abyssinia ?) Comp. Gum, resin, essential oil; proportions unknown- Prop. Irregular, dry masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish within ; odour peculiar, not ungrateful; taste nauseous, sweet, and 38 A \ C bitter; forms a white emulsion with water ; soluble in vinegar; partially so in alcohol, aether, and solutions of the alkalies. Oper- Expectorant, deobstruent, antispasmodic, discutient, resolvent. Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh ; visceral obstructions, and ob- stinate colic from viscid matter lodged in the intestines ; externally in scirrhous tumours and white swelling of the joints- Dose- Gr- x- to 3 ss- in pills, with squill, myrrh, &c or in emulsion, see Mist. Ammoniaci. Off. Prep. Mistura Ammoniaci, L- D- Pilula Scilla Composita, L- E- Emplast- Ammoniaci, L- Emplast. Gummosum, E- Emp. Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro, L. AMYGDAL/E AMAR/E, DULCES, L- E. D. Bitter and Sweet Almonds. (Amygdalus Communis, var. /3- y. Icosand- Monogyn- N- O. Pomacca, L- Rosacea, ./• Africa- ^ •) Prop. Taste of /3 soft and sweet, of y bitter ; kernels of both flat, long, with a brownish powdery cuticle ; both yield by expression a sweet bland oil- The bitter is now used for emulsions, and con- tains prussic acid- Oper- Demulcent; the bitter is sedative. Use. In inflammatory complaints; and as a medium for more active remedies. Off. Prep. Oleum Amygdala, L. E- D. Mistura Amygdalarum, L. E. D- Emulsio Arabica, E- D. Emul. Camphorata, E. Con- fectio Amygdalarum, L. AMYLUM. F.irina, L. E. Tritici Farina, D. Starch. (Triticum Hybernum, Wheat, Triand- Digynia,N-0- Gramin a- Sicily % ©.) Comp. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon. Prop. Inodorous, insipid; in white, friable, hexagonal columnar pieces, emitting a peculiar sound when pressed ; insoluble in cold water and alcohol ; forming, with boiling water, a strong, opaline, Bemi-triinspurent jelly. Oper- Demulcent. Use- In dysentery, tenesmus, and ulceration of the rectum, in the form of clyster; it is the common vehicle for exhibiting opium per anum- Off. Prep. Mucilago Amyli, L. E. D. Pulv. Tragacantha Comp. L- Pilula Hydrargyri, E- Trochisci Gummosi, E. AMYRIDIS GILEADENSIS RESINA LIQUIDA. E- Balsam of Gilcad. (Amyris Gileadensis- Octandria Monogyn. N- O- Du- mosa, L. Terebintacea, J- Arabia near Mecca- ?.) Balsamum Gileadensc- Prop- Odour somewhat fragrant; taste warm and bitter ; colour golden yellow ; of the consistence of syrup. Oper- Stimulant, expectorant. Use. Scarcely ever used. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. twice or thrice a day. ANCHUS/E TiNCTORLE RADIX. E- Anchusae Rad. D. Alkanet Root. (Anchusa Tincioria, Pentand. Monogyn. N- O. Asperi- folia, L- Borraginea, J. Europe. ZJ..) Anchusa radix- Prop. Inodorous and insipid when dried. The small roots are the best, and impart the finest and deepest red to oils, ointments, and plasters, for which purpose only they are used. ANETHI SEMINA. L- Dill Seed. (Anethum Gravcolens. Pen- tand- Digyn- N-O- Umbellata, L- South of Europe. ©-) A X T 39. Prop. Odour aromatic, but not agreeable; taste aromatic and pun- gent. Oper- Stimulant, carminative. Use. In flatulent colic, and hiccough, particularly of infants. Dose. Gr. xv. to 3j- Off. Prep. Aqua Anethi, L- ANETHI FCENICULI SEMINA- E-D. The seeds of Sweet Fen- nel. (Anethum Foeniculum: class, order, and place, as above. If..) Faniculum dulce. Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste sweetish and grateful. Oper. Root diuretic ; seed carminative- Use- In the tormina of infants. Dose- Gr. x. to 3jss. in powder- Off. Prep- Aqua Faniculi, L. D- Oleum Volatile Seminum Funi- culi, D. Oleum Florum Faniculi, D. Decoctum Chamamcli, D- Spir. Jvniperi Comp. D. L. ANGELIC/E ARCHANGELIC/E RADIX. E. Angelica Root. (Pentand- Digyn. N-O- Umbellata- Northern Alps. S •) Prop. Odour fragrant; taste aromatic, bitterish, very warm, equally in the root, leaves, and seeds- Oper- Tonic, carminative, sudorific. Use. In dyspepsia and nausea, but rarely used. Dose- 3 ss. to 3 iij. ANISI SEMINA. L. D- Semen Piwipinelhe Anisi, E. Aniseed- (Pimpinella Anisi. Pentand- Digyn- N. O. Umbellata- Egypt. ©-) Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste sweetish, warm, grateful- Figure ob- long-ovate- Oper. Carminative- Use- In dyspepsia, and the tormina of infants. Dose. Gr. xv- to 3j- bruiBed. Off. Prep. Oleum Anisi, L- E. D- Spiritus Anisi, L. ANTHEMIDIS FLORES, L. E. ChamamieliFlores, D. Chamomile Flowers. (Anthemis Nobilis, Common Chamomile- Syngen- Superfi. N- O- Composita Discoidca, L- Corymbifera, J. Indi- genous. l\-) Chamamalum, flos simplex- Prop. Odour powerful, fragrant, grateful; taste bitter, warm ; in the disc of the flower. Oper- Tonic, stomachic ; the warm infusion is emetic ; externally discutient, emollient. Use- In intermittents, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatulent colic, gout; to promote the operation of emetics ; as fomentations in gripings, and to ripen suppurating tumours. Dose- In powder 3 ss. to 3 ij. twice or thrice a day. Off- Prep. Extractum Anthemidis, L- E. Decoctum Anthcmidis Xobilis, E- D- Decoct. Maloa Comp. L- Ivfusum Anthemidis, L- Oleum Anthemidis, L. The active constituents are bitter ex- tractive, and an essential oil. ANTIMOMI SULPHURETUM. L. E. Sulphurct of Antimony. Antimonium. (ump. Antimony 74, sulphur 26, in 100 pts- Prop- Powder of a black or Mueish gray colour ; insoluble- Oper. Slightly diaphoretic, alterative. Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, cutaneous diseases- Dose. Gr. xv. to 3ij. after evacuating the stomach and bowels. 40 a a i; OJ, Prep. Oxydum Antimonii, D- Antimonii Sulphuretutn Pracipi- tatum, L- E- D- Pulo. Antimonialis, L- E. D- ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM PR/ECIPITATUM. L- E- Sul- phur Antimoniatum Fuscuni, D- Precipitated Sulphur of Antimo- ny. Sulphur Antimonii pracipitatum. Comp. Oxyd of antimony 68.30, sulphuretted hydrogen 17.877, sul- phur 1200, and 1.823 of water ; almost the same as the oldker- mes minerale- Prop. Powder of an orange colour, taste metalline and styptic ; in- soluble. Oper. Emetic, diaphoretic, cathartic, according to the extent of the dose ; alterative. Use- In chronic rheumatism and obstinate eruptions. Dose- Gr. j. to iv. twice or thrice a day, in a pill. Off. Prep. Pilula Hydrargyri Submuriatis, L- It sltould have been named Oxidi Antimonii Hydro-Sulphuretutn. ? Murray- ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM. L. Tartaris Antimonii (et Potassa ?) E- Tartarum Antimoniatum, D. Tartarized Anti- mony, or Emetic Tartar. Comp. Tartrate of antimony, and tartrate of potash. Prop- Regular form of the crystal, a triedral pyramid ; but, as it effloresces, generally a white powder: taste styptic and metallic; F§ j- of water, at 60°, dissolves gr- 25- It should always be dis- solved in distilled water to prove emetic. Oper. Emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant, alter- ative, rubefacient. Use- In the beginning of fever, to clear the stomach and bowels ; but it is an improper emetic in advanced stages of typhus ; in small doses in pneumonic inflammations ; and in still smaller as an alterative in cutaneous diseases.; externally in white swellings, &c. Dose- As an emetic, gr. j. to gr. iv- in solution ; diaphoretic and ex- pectorant, gr. J to 4- It is made into an ointment for external use, by rubbing up 3 iij-with lard 5j- Incomp. Alkalies and earths with their carbonates; strong acids; hydro-sulphurets ; decoctions of bitter and astringent plants. Off. Prep. Liquor Antimonii Tartarizati, L. Vinum Tartritis Antimonii, E- ANTIMONII VITRUM, L. E- Glass of Antimony. Antimonii Oxydum Sulphuretum Vitrifactum. Comp. Antimony, oxygen, sulphuret of antimony. Prop. A transparent glass, of a reddish brown colour: taste harsh: when dissolved in muriatic acid, gives out sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Use- For preparing the tartarized antimony. APII PETROSELINI RADIX. E- The Root of Parsley. (Apium Petroselinum, Common Parsley, Pentand. Digyn. N. O. Um- bellata. South of Europe. X .) Prop. Odour, when recent, slightly aromatic ; taste sweetish and warm- Oper- Diuretic, aperient. Dose. A cupful of the decoction, made with ?ij- of the sliced root in water 0j- boiled to Oss- AQUA ACIDI CARBONICI- U- S- Carbonic Acid Water. Commonly called Seltzer Water- (Aq. quantumvis- Impregnate A Q U 41 it with about ten times its volume of carbonic acid gas, by means ' of a forcing pump.) Prop. Pleasant acidulous taste. ' > Oper. Anti-emetic, diuretic, mild exhilarating beverage ■ Use- In irritability of the stomach, fevers, dyspepsia- Dose- f?ij- to f 1 viij- ad libitum- , AQUA ALCALINA OXYMURLVJtfCA- D. Oxymuriatic Alkaline Water. Comp. Oxymuriate of potash, composed of oxymuratic acid 58.3, potassa, 39.2, dissolved in water. Prop- Taste cooling, austere, and disagreeable. Oper- Stimulant. Use- In typhus, scarlatina maligna, scorbutus. Its good effects in syphilis are very doubtful. Dose- f 3j- to F3 ij- or more, three times a day. Incomp- Sulphuric and nitric acids. AQUA ANETHI- L- Dill Water; properties, &c the same as those of the seed. AQUACALC1SCOMPOSITA. D. Compound Lime Water. For the properties and virtues of this compound, which is a very un- chemical one, as the lime water is decomposed in the preparation, see Decoctum Guaiaci Comp. E- ----- CARUI- L- Carraway Water. -----CINNAMOMI- L-D. Aq-Lauri Cinnamomi, E- Cinnamon Water. Should be milky- ------ CITRI AURANTII- E- Orange-Peel Water- ------CITRI MEDIC/E- E. Lemon-Peel Water. ------ DISTILLATA- L- E- D- Distilled Water- Although this is very generally ordered in extemporaneous prescriptions, yet it is scarcely ever used ; but it is nevertheless absolutely necessary when the following articles are ordered : Acidum Citricum, Antimonium Tartarizatum, Argenti Nitras, Cuprum Ammoniatum, Ferrum Tartarizatum, Hydrargyri Nitrico-Oxydum, Hydrargyri Oxy- murias, Liquor Ammonia, Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis, Liquor Potassa, Murias Baryta, Plumbi Superacetas, Vinum Ferri, Zinci Sulphas- -----FUNICULI- L. D. Fennel Water- ----- LAURI CASSLE. E- Cassia Water- AQUA MAGNESI/E. U- S- Magnesia Water, commonly called Liquid Magnesia- Aq. Cong- Unum. Magnes. Carbon. 3 iij- Mix and impregnate it with about ten times its volume of carbonic acid gas, by means of a forcing pump-) Oper- Antacid, laxative- Use- In gravel, dyspepsia, gout. Dose- Oss. twice or thrice a day. *%* The United States Pharmacopoeia, directs the same process for making the Aqua Potassa, and the Aqua Soda; taking one ounce of the subcarbonate of potash for the former, and two ounces of the subcarbonate of soda for the latter. ------ MENTH/E PIPERIT/E. L. E. D- Peppermint Water- ------ MENTH/E VIR1DIS, L. E- Mint Water. ------ PIMENT/E- L- E- Pimento Water. ------PULEGU. L- D. Pennyroyal Water- ------ROS/E. L. D. E- Rose water. These waters, which contain a small portion of the essential oil of 4-J A R (.' the plants in solution, are used chiefly as vehicles for more active medicines ; in doses of f 5j- to f 5 iij- AQUA OXYMURIATICA- D- Oxymuriatic Water. Comp. Oxymuriatic acid and water. (The acid is composed of mu- riatic acid 84, oxygen 16 parts.) Prop. Odour suffocating ; taste harsh, astringent; colour pale greenish yellow ; sp. grav. 1003 : decomposed by light ; destroys vegetable colours. Oper- Stimulant. Use. In scarlatina maligna. Dose- f 3 j- to f 3 ij- in a small cupful of fluid. AQUA PICIS LIUUID/E. D. Tar Water. (Puis Oj. Aqua Cong.j.) Comp. Empyreumatic oil, vinegar, water- . Prop. Taste sharp and empyreumatic ; colour of Madeira wine- Oper. Stimulant, diuretic. Use- Iii scorbutus and cutaneous diseases. Dose- Oj. to Oij. in the course of a day. AQUA SULPHURETI AMMONI/E. D. Water of Sulphuret of Ammonia. Prop- Odour fcetid; taste acrid ; colour deep yellowish-red ; con- sistence oily: decomposed by the air- Oper. Sedative, inducing vertigo, drowsiness, nausea, disoxygenizing 1 Use- In diabetes. Dose- fflv. to fllx- twice or thrice a day. Incomp. All the acids. AQUA SULPHURETI KALI. D- Water of Sulphuretted Kali- (A Sulphuretted Hydro-sulphuret of Potash-) Prop- Odour foetid ; taste nauseous and acrid ; colour yellowish; feels soapy: stains the cuticle black ; absorbs oxygen from the air, and is decomposed, requiring, therefore, to be kept closely stopped. Oper- The same as potassa? sulphuretum- Use- In herpes ; as an-antidote to metallic poisons, and to check ex- cessive mercurial salivation : externally in scabies and porrigo- Dose- fllxx- to f 3 ij- twice a day- Incomp- All the acids- AQUA SUPERCARBONATIS POTASS/E- E. Solution of the Supercarbonate of Potash. (Aqua Ox- Potassa Carbonatis lj-«n NooMs Apparatus-) Comp- Supercarbonate of potash, uncombined carbonic acid, water- Prop- Taste pungent, acidulous ; transparent, sparkling. Oper- Diuretic, antacid. Use. In dyspepsia and one kind of gravel. Dose- f 5 viij. three times a day. AQUA SUPERCARBONATIS SOD/E. E. Water of Supercar- bonate of Soda. Soda Water. (Aqua Ox- Soda Carbonatis 5 ij. saturated in Nooth's Apparatus-) Comp- As above, with the supercarbonate of soda, instead of potash- Prop- As above, but more pleasant and milder. Oper- Tonic, lithontriptic, diuretic, antacid. Use- In grave), dyspepsia, and as a cooling beverage; with lemon juice, a'good effervescing draught- Dose- Oss- to Oj- twice or thrice a day. Mr- Brande's experiments have raised doubts whether the alkalies, in any form, act as solvents of ready formed calculous matter- A R S 43 \RI RADIX (JteJoovs) RECENS. D. The recent Bulb of Wake Robin. (Arum Maculatum, Monac. Polyand. N. O. Piperita, L. Aroidea, J. Indigenous. ZL) Prop. Inodorous; taste hot, acrid: its acrimony, which depends on a peculiar principle, is lost by drying. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, errhine. Use- In paralysis, obstinate rheumatism, and cephalaea, but seldom nsed. Dose. Gr. vj- to 3j- in mucilage. ARCTII LAPP/E SEMINA ET RADIX. E. Bardana? Rad. D Burdock Root. (Arctium Lappa, Burdock, Syngcn. Polygam JEqualis, N. O. Composite Capitata, L- Cinarocephalat, J. Indigenous- !{..) Prop. Inodorous, taste sweetish, slightly bitter, mucilaginous. Oper. Aperient, sudorific, diuretic. Use. In rheumatism, gout, aphtha?; in decoction made with 3 ij. of the root in water Ojss. Dose. A teacupful several times a day. ARGENTUM- L. E. D. Silver: used only to prepare the Nitrate- ARGENTI NITRAS (fusa ?) .L- E- D- Nitrate of Silver- Comp. Silver 64, oxygen 6, nitric acid 30 pts- Prop. Taste styptic, austere, bitter ; decomposes animal matter- In little cylindrical pieces of a gray colour; fracture radiated ; re- duced by light; soluble in an equal weight of water at 60s, also in alcohol. Oper. Tonic, antispasmodic, escharotic. Use. In chorea and epilepsy; locally to relieve strictures; to fun- gous ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres; gr. ij- in distilled water f Ij. is a good injection in fistulous sores ; and as an application to spongy gums. Dose. Gr. J increased to gr. iv. in a pill with crumb of bread, three times a day ; or in a solution, increased to gr- iij- Incomp. Sulphuric, muriatic, and arsenious acids, and their salts; alkalies, except ammonia ; lime ; astringent vegetable solutions ; Aqueous solutions of salts of mercury, or of copper. ARMORACLE RADIX. L. E. Raphani Rusticani Radix. D- Horse Radish Root. (Cochlcaria Armoracia, Horse Radish, Tc- tradynamia Siliculosa, N. O. Siliquosa, L- Crucifera, J- Europe. ZJ..) Prop. Odour pungent; taste sweetish, biting, acrid; lost in drying. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic. Use. In scorbutus, rheumatism, dropsy ; and locally in hoarseness- Dose. Vide Infusion; of the following syrup a teaspoonful often, slowly swallowed in hoarseness. (R of the scraped root, 3 j ; boil- ing water, 5 'j- BUgar ?• *• to t' e strained liquor.) Off. Prep. Infusum Armoracia Comp. L. Spir. Armoracia Comp. L. D. ARNIC/E MONTAN/E HERBA. E. Arnica? Herba, D. The Plant and Flower of Leopard's Bane. (Arnica Montana, Syngen. Po- lygam. Superfi. N. O. Composita Radiata, L. Corymbifera, J. North of Europe. ZL) Prop. Odour slightly foetid ; when rubbed aromatic, exciting sneez- ing ; taste bitterish, acrid. Oper. Narcotic, stimulant, diaphoretic, emnienagogue. 44 ASS Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, convulsive affections, rheumatism, gout, and chlorosis. The root has been used in intermittents. Dose. Gr. v. to gr. x. in powder, or f ?jss. of the following infusion, (Rof the root 3jss. water fjviij.) twice or thrice a day. In large doses it produces very deleterious effects. ARSENICUM ALBUM. L. White Arsenic. Acidum Arseniosum. This is the crude acid as obtained from the roasting of the Cobalt ores. ARSENICUM ALBUM SUBLIMATUM. L. Sublimed Oxyd of Arsenic. Comp. Arsenic, the metal, 75.2, oxygen 24.8 parts. Prop In white, semivitreous, brittle lumps; odour, when heated with charcoal, that of garlic ; taste, acrid, sweetish. When heated with charcoal or fatty matter, in a close glass tube, sublimes in brilliant metallic scales, by which it may be detected when suspect- ed as the cause of death: or to the diluted contents of the sto- mach, add a small quantity of carbonas potassa?, and then a warm solution of sulphas cupri; if arsenic be present, a lively green pre- cipitate will be formed : or, which is a stUl better test, dissolve the contents of the stomach in hot distilled water, strain the solution, and touch the surface of it slightly with a stick of nitrate of silver : if oxide of arsenic be present, a sulphur-yellow precipitate will fall> from the point where the nitrate touches. (See also Appendix.) Oper. Tonic, escharotic. The most virulent of the mineral poisons. Use. In intermittents, periodic headachs, and chronic rheumatisms. It is the best application to cancerous sores, in lotion. (R Arsenici albi sub, carbonatis potassa?, aa gr. viij. aquae f \ iv; or in oint- ment, R Arsenici albi sub 3 j. ung. cetacei 3 xij.) •-. Dose, in solution, vide liquor arsenicalis; or.gr. 1-lpth to gr. $ in a pill. (R Arsenici albi prep. gr. j. sacchari albi, gr.j,x. micae panis, gr. x. Tere saccharum cum arsenico, dein cum pttne optime con- tunde, et hi pilul. aequal. decern divide.) Perhups the best and most readily procured antidote, when it proves deleterious, is a solution of soap.* Lime water is also useful. Off. Prep. Liguor Arsenicalis, L. Arsenias Kali, D. ARSENIAS KALI. D. Arseniate of Kali. Virtues and use the same as those of the Oxyd. ARTEMISIA SANTONIC/E CACUMINA. E. Sant'onici Cacu- mina, D. Tartarian Southernwood Tops. Prop. Smell strong and disagreeable; taste bitter. Oper. Stimulant, anthelmintic. Use. In the lumbrici of children ; but much is^o be ascribed to the calomel, jalap, &c. administered at the same time. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. in powder, or made into an electuary with honey, twice a day. ASARI FOLIA. L. E. D. The Leaves of Asarabacca. (Asarum Europaum, Dodecandria Monogyn. N. O. Sarmentacea, L. Aristolochia, J. Europe. Z|~) Prop. Almost inodorous; taste nauseous, bitter, hot, acrid ; loses much of its acrimony in drying. Oper. Emetic, cathartic, diuretic, diaphoretic, errhine. Hahneman. AVE 45 Use. Scarcely ever used but as an errhine in cephalaea and chronic ophthalmia. Dose. 3j. to 3 ss. vomits and purges; gr. ij. to gr. v. snuffed up the nostrils at bed time, occasion a plentiful mucous discharge. Off. Prep. Pulv. Asari Comp. E. ASSAFOETULE GUMMI RESINA. L. E. D. Assafa?tida. (Ferula Assafoetida, Pentand. Digyn. N. O. Umbellata. Persia. ZL) Comp. Gum 60, resin 30, essential oil 10 parts in 100. Prop. In small masses, of a whitish, reddish, and violet hue, adhe- ring together; odour foetid and alliaceous; taste bitter and sub-acrid ; forms an emulsion with water Oper. Antispasmodic, expectorant ; emmenagogue ; anthelmintic when injected into the rectum. Use. Hysteria, tympanitis, asthma, dyspnoea, pertussis, worms- Dose. In pill gr. v. to 3j-; in solution, vide Mistura; in clyster 3 ij. dissolved in water f | viij. Off. Prep. Mistura Assafatida, L. D. Tinct. Assafmtida, L. E. D. Spiritus Ammonia Fmtidus, L. E. D- Tinct. Castorei Comp. E. Pilula Assafatida Comp. E- Pilula Aloes cum Assafmtida, E PH.. Galbani Comp. L- Al RANTII BACC/E, CORTEX. L- D- Citri Aur-fSuccus, Fruc- tus Immaturus, D- The Seville Orange, and its Rind. The imma- ture fruit. (Citrus Aurantium- Polyadelphia Icosand._ N. O. Bi- cornes, L. Auranlii, J. Asia. *>.) Prop. Juice gratefully acid; rind aromatic, bitter; unripe fruit more bitter, but les6 aromatic- Oper. Juice refrigerant, antiseptic; the rind and immature fruit tonic, carminative. Use. The juice in febrile, inflammatory complaints, and scurvy, as a beverage; the rind and immature fruit in dyspepsia, particularly that of drunkards ; the latter is also used in issues ; and the juice as a lotion, and the pulp as a poultice to foetid sores. Dose. Juice ad libitum ; of the rind, &c- vide Off. Preparations. Off. Prep. Of the juice, Succus Cochlearias Comp- E- Of the rind, Aq- Citri Aurantii, E- Conserva Cort- Aurantii, E- D- Syru- pus Aurantii, L. D- Infusum Aurantii Comp. L. Infus- Gentiana Comp- L-E- D- Tinct. Aurantii, L. D. T- Cinchona Comp. L- D- Tinct- Gentiana Comp- L. Spiritus Armoracea Comp- L- D. AURUM. U. S. Gold. Used only to prepare the Muriate. AURI MURIAS. U- S- Muriate of Gold- (Auri quantumvis. Dissolve it by means of a moderate heat, in a mixture formed by uniting one part of nitric acid with two parts of muriatic acid ; evaporate the solution to dryness by a gentle heat; add to the resi- duum an equal weightof muriate of soda, and mix them thoroughly together- Dissolve the mixture in distilled water, and evaporate slowly to dryness- Collect the mass and keep it in a glass-stopped phial, which should be accurately clesed, and preserved from the action of light-) Oper. Specific'? Use- Lues and lymphatic diseases. Dose- Gr-1-16 to gr- J in pill, twice or thrice a day- Off. Prep. Pilul. Auri Muriat- U- S- AVEN/E SEMINA- L- E- Oats- (Avena Sativa, Triand. Digyn- N- O- Gramina- Island of Juan Fernandez. 00 C 46 B B L Oper. Nutritive, emollient. Use- The decoction of oats is excellent as a beverage in all acute diseases ; and as a clyster in dysentery. The dry meal is sprinkled over parts affected with erysipelatous inflammation : boiled in water, it forms a good common poultice ; and, with yeast, the fermenting poultice, for gangrenous sores- BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM- L. D- Myroxyli Peruiferi Balsa- mum, E. Peruvian Balsam- (Myroxylon Peruiferum, Decand- Monogyn- N- O. Lomentacea, L- Legnminosa, J- South Ame- rica. \ •) Comp. Benzoic acid, resin, essential oil- Prop- Odour fragrant and aromatic, taste hot and bitter, consistence that of honey, colour reddish-brown, soluble in alcohol, miscible in water by means of muciiage- Oper. Stimulant, tonic, exptcturant- Use. In palsy ; chronic asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism ; gleet; leucorrhoea ; and externally for cleansing and stimulating foul in- dolent ulcers : 3 j. with fellis bovini 3 iij forms a mixture which is dropped into the ear in cases of a foetid discharge, every day after syringing with a solution of soap. Dose. fflv. to f 3 ss. twice or thrice a day. Off. Prep. Pilula Guaiaci cum Aloe. D. BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. L. D. Toluifera? Balsami Balsa- mum, E- Tolu Balsam. (Toluifera Balsamum, Decand. Monogyn. N- O- Dumosa, L. Terebintacea, J. America- "> -) Comp. As above 1 but unascertained- Prop. Odour very fragrant; taste warm, sweetish, communicated to boiling water ; thick; colour reddish-yellow. Oper. Stimulant, expectorant ■? Use. In coughs ; but principally used on account of its flavour. Dose. Gr. xv. to 3ij. triturated with mucilage. Off. Prep. Tinct- Benzoini Comp. L. E. D- Tinct. Toluifera Balsami, E. D. Syrupus Tolutani, L. BECCABUNG/E HERBA. D. Brooklime. (Veronica Beccabunga, Diand- Monogyn- N- O. Personata, L. Pediculares, J. Indi- genous. ZL) Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitterish, slightly styptic Oper. Antiscorbutic1? Pise. In scurvy, but has very little efficacy. J)ose. f § ij. to f 5 iv. of the juice daily. BELLADONN/E FOLIA. L. D- Atropa? Belladonnas Folia, E- The Leaves of Deadly Nightshade. (Atropa Belladonna, Pentand. Monogyn- N- O. Lurida, L. Solanacea, J. Indigenous. ZL) Comp. Albumen, salts of potash, and a narcotic principle, which is an alkali that has been named Atropia, discovered by Messrs. Meissner and Brandes, in Germany ; its crystals are circular, white, shining, tasteless, and scarcely soluble in water. Prop. Odour slightly narcotic, taste subacrid, bitter, nauseous ; does not lose its activity by drying. Oper. Powerfully narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, repellent. Use. In obstinate intermittents, tic doloureux, palsy, epilepsy, per- tussis, and the cachexia? ; amaurosis :—sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous sores has been found to allay the pain • and the reaves form a good poultice- C A J 47 Dose- Gr. ss. gradually increased to gr. iij- daily ; orf?ij- of this infusion. R Of the leaves 3j- hot water f 1 x. strained cold- Off. Prep. Succ- Spiss- Atropa Belladonna, E- Ext. Belladonna, L. The deleterious effects of Belladonna are best counteracted by vinegar, after freely evacuating the stomach- BENZOINUM. L- Benzoe, D- Styracis Benzoini Balsamum, E- Benzoin- (Styrax Benzoin, Decand. Monogyn- N- O- Bicornes, L- Guaiacina, J. Sumatra- ^.) Comp- Benzoic acid, resin. Prop- Odour fragrant, taste slightly aromatic ; in masses composed of white and brown pieces; volatile; soluble in alcohol and aether- Use- Principally for obtaining the acid it contains- Incomp- Alkalies, acids:—and so with all the balsams- Off. Prep. Acidum Benioicum, L. E- D. Tract. Benzoini Comp. L- E- D- BISMUTHUM- L. Bismuth. Prop- In spicular plates of a yellowish white colour, pulverizable, moderately hard ; spec. grav. 9.822; fusible at 400° Fah.: volatile in a high temperature- It has a sensible colour and taste- Use- For preparing the subnitrate- BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS- L- Subnitrate of Bismuth. (R Bismu- thi 5j., Acidi Nitrici fljss-, Aqua Distillata Oiiy Dissolve the bismuth in the nitric acid, mixed with f3vj. of the water; and strain- Add the remainder of the water to the filtered fluid, and set aside the mixture till the powder subsides. Finally, having poured off the supernatant fluid, and washed the subnitrate with distilled water, dry it, rolled in blotting paper, with a gentle heat.) Comp. A hydrated oxide of bismuth, combined with a little nitric acid. Prop. A white, inodorous, tasteless powder: insoluble in water- Oper- Tonic, antispasmodic Use. In dyspepsia attended with cardialgia- Dose- From gr- j- to gr- xij- BISTORT/E RADIX- L- D- Polygoni Bistorta? Radix, E- Great Bistort- (Polygonum Bistorta, Octand- Trigyn. N- O. Oloracea, L. Polygonea, J- Austria, Britain. L\.-) "Prop. Dried root inodorous; taste austere, styptic- Its virtues are extracted by water. Oper. Powerfully astringent, tonic Use. In internal haemorrhages, diarrhoea from debility; in ague, join- ed with calamus aromaticus. Dose. Gr. xv. to 3 j. twice or thrice a day. BOLETUS IGNARIUS- E- Agaric of the Oak, or Touchwood. (Cryptogamia Fungi, N. O. Fungi. Europe-) Use- To s|top external haemorrhages- CAJUPUTI OLEUM. L. Melaleuca? Leucadendri 01. Vol. E. Oleum Cajuput. D- Cajeput Oil. (Melaleuca Cajuputi, PolydeU Icosand- N- O- Hespcrida, L- Myrti, J- Amboyna- ^> -) Prop. Odour strong, fragrant like camphor ; taste pungent, aromatic; limpid, colour green, when rectified colourless- Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic- Use- In hysteria, tympanitis, palsy of the tongue ; and externally as an embrocation in rheumatism, gout, and to weak joints after luxa- tions. Like other strong essential oils, it relieve, toochach when applied to the decayed tooth. 48 C A L Dose, flliij- to III v. on a lump of sugar. CALAMI RADIX- L- Acori Calami Radix, E- Acori Radix, V> Sweet Flag-root- (Acorus Calamus, Hexand. Monogyn. N. O- ' Piperita, L- Aroidca, J. Europe- *> ■) Prop. Odour strong, rather fragrant; taste aromatic, warm, bitter- ish : affords some essential oil. Oper. Stomachic, carminative. Use. In anorexia ; but seldom used- Dose. 3j. to 3 j- in powder- CALAMINA- L- Carbonas Zinci Impurus, E- Calaminaris, D- Calamine- An Ore of Zinc. Comp. Oxide of zinc 65-2, carbonic acid 34-8- (Derbyshire Cala- mine-) Prop. Friable, fracture uneven ; colour pale reddish-yellow, opaque, dull- Use. Principally for pharmaceutical purposes. Off. Prep. Calamiva Praparata, L. E- D- CALAMINA PR/EPARATA- L- Carbonas Zinci Impurus Pra?- paratus, E- Lapis Calaminaris Pra?paratus, D- Prepared Cala- mine. The Calamine reduced to an impalpable powder, by roasting, sta- in this state it is sprinkled on excoriations and ichorous ulcers- Off. Prep. Ceratum Calamina, L. E- Unguent. Calaminaris, D- CALUMBA- L- Columbae Radix, E. Colombo, D- Calumba Root- (Cocculus Palmatus, N. O- Menispermum. Africa- *> •) Prop. Odour slightly aromatic, taste an unpleasant bitter ; bark of the sections thick, dark olive ; central part yellowish ; contains cinchonnia- Water at 212 takes up $ of the weight of the root- Alcohol also extracts its virtues- Oper. Tonic, antiseptic- - Use. In bilious vomitings, and those attendant on pregnancy, dys- pepsia, and cholera : in the mesenteric fever of infants, we have found the following powder, aided by daily long continued fric- tions of the abdomen with soap liniment, of great efficacy- R Po- tassa? Sulphatis gr- x- Pulv. Calumba? gr- vj- P. Rhei Rad- gr- iij- Misce ; bis terve die sumend- Dose- Gr- x. to 3j. twice or thrice a day- Incomp. Acetate and superacetate of lead ; infusion of galls. Off. Prep. Infusum Calumba, L- Tinct. Calumba, L- E- D- CALX. L- D- Calx Viva, E. Lime, or Quick Lime- (From mar- 4/', ur native carbonate of lime-) Comp- A metal denominated calcium, and oxygen. (Davy.) Prop. White, pulverulent; taste burning, urinous; decomposes ani- mal matter ; spec. grav. 2.3, infusible- Oper. Escharotic ; but not now used- Off- Prep. Liquor Calcis, L. E- D- Potassa cum Calce, L. CALX E TESTIS. L. Lime from Shells. (Prepared from oyster shells.) Comp. Prop, and Oper. The same as lime from marble. CALCIS MURIAS. L. Muriate of Lime. (R of the salt which remains after the sublimation of subcarbonate of ammonia Ibij-, water Oj- Mix and filter through paper, and evaporate the fluid until the salt is dry.) It must be kept in a stopped bottle. Comp- Muriatic acid 50 parts, lime 50 l-arts, in 100 parts. C A N Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter, acrid: soluble in half its weight of cold water, and to any extent in boiling water- Deliquesces. Oper- and Use. See Liquor Calcis Muriatis. CAMBOGIA. L. Garabogia, E. D. Camboge. (Stalagmitis Cam- bogioides, Polygam. Monac N. O. Tricocca- Cambodia. V •) Comp. Gum, resembling cherry-tree gum and nearly insipid, resin, and an unknown principle- Prop. Inodorous ; colour of fragments orange yellow ; opaque, brit- tle, fracture glassy. Oper. Cathartic, (drastic) emetic, bydragogue, anthelmintic. Use- In visceral obstructions and dropsy ; in tape-worm, conjoined with subcarbonate of potash- Dose- Gr- ij. to vj. in powder joined with calomel, squill, &c- Off. Prep. Pilula Cambogia Comp. L- CAMPHORA. L- E- D. Camphor. (Laurus Camphora, Ennean- dria Monogyn- Oloracea, L- Lauri, J. East Indies. >•) Chiefly from Dryobalanops Camphora- Comp. Unascertained- Prop. Odour strong, peculiar, fragrant; taste bitterish-aromatic, ac- companied with the sensation of cold ; volatile, white, semipellu- cid, brittle, yet not easily pulverized; texture crystalline : soluble in alcohol, aether, oils, vinegar, and in a very small degree, in wa- ter: lighter than water. Oper- Narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative; externally anodyne- Use- In typhus, cynanche maligna, confluent small-pox, and other exanthemata of the typhoid type ; in atonic gout, and as an adjunct to bark and opium in checking gangrene. It produces its narcotic and sedative ejects with very little increase of pulse, and therefore may be used in mania, pneumonia, and other inflammatory com- plaints, united with nitre and antimonials. Externally it allays the pains of rheumatism, and other deep-Beated inflammations- Dose- Gr. v. to 3j. in powder, with sugar, &c. ; in pills ; or in mix- ture with mucilage, or almond confection. The effects of an over- dose are counteracted by opium. For external application it is dis- solved in oil or in alcohol. Off- Prep. Mistura Camphora, L- D- Emulsio Camphorata, E. Spir- CamphoriT, L- E. D. Tinct- Camphora Comp- L- E- D- Acidum Acetosum Camphoratum, E- D- Linimentum Camphora, L- E- D- Lin- Camphora Comp. L- Lin. Hydrargyri, L- Lin- Saponis, L. E. Lin. Sapon- cum Opio, E- D. CANELL/E CORTEX. L- Camilla? Alba? Cortex, E. D-. Canefla Bark- (Canclla Alba, Dodccand. Monogyn. N- O- Oloracea, L- Meliacea, J. West Indies- ">.) Prop. Pieces flattish, yellowish-gray ; odour aromatic, taste pungent; fracture starchy- Virtues partially extracted by water; entirely by alcohol. Oper. Stimulant- Use- As an aromatic addition to bitter tonics and cathartics- Dose Gr- x- to 3 s»- in powder, or in infusion. Off- Prip- Tinct. Gentiana Comp. E- Vinum Aloes, L- CANCRI CHEL/E, Lapilli Cancrorum, E- D- Crab's Stones, or Eyes. (Cancer Astacus, the Crayfish. Insecta Aptera, L- Can- arcs, Cuv.) Comp. Carbonate of lime, phosphato of lime, alumen. Prop. Size of large peas, hemispherical, laminated, white or red- C 2 50 C A R * dish; digested iu v.negar they become soft and transparent, but retain their form- Off. Prep. Cancrorum Lapilli Praparati, E- CANTHARIS. L- Cantharis Vesicatoria, E. Cantharis, D- The Blistering Fly. (Lytta Vesicatoria, Insecta, Coleoptera, L. F.leu- tcrata, Fabric. South of Europe-) C-ntharis. Prop. Odour foetid ; taste slightly acrid ; contains a peculiar acrimo- ny ; body oblong, green gold, and shining; antennae filiform, black- They retain their acrimony for many years, if kept dry- Oper- Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, vesicant; both their internal use, and their external application, are apt to produce strangury- Use- Internally in dropsies, obstinate gleet, and leucorrho»a; reten- tion of urine, owing to want of action in the bladder ; and in in- continence of urine from debility of the bladder ; but their internal use requires caution. For their external use, see Em.pl. Cantha- ridis, and Tinctura. Dose- Gr. ss. to gr. j. in a pill, with opium, or the extract of hen- bane and camphor, twice a. day. Off. Prep. Tinct. Cantharidis, L. E- D- Emplast. Cantharidis, L- E- D- Emplast- Cantharidis Vesicat. Comp- E- Ceratum Cantharidis, L- Ung. Cantharidis, L- Ung. Infusi Canth- Vesicat- E. Ung- Cantharidis, D- CANTHARIS VITTATA- U- S- Potato-fly- (An insect belong- ing to the ordei*CWe0pf,cra, L-, which is found in the United States, usually on the potato-vine- It is somewhat smaller than the Spa- nish blistering fly, with the elytra black and Btriped with alight yel- low. It is said to agree pi its medical properties with the Spanish fly in every respect, and is propoEed' as a substitute for it. Some have said that it is more active and vesicates sooner. For proper- ties, use, dose, &c see Lytta. CHEL/E CANCRORUM. E- D- Crab Claws. (Cancer Pagurus, the black-clawed crab.) As above- CANCRORUM LAPILLI PR/EPARATI. E- Prepared Crabs' Eyes- (The stones reduced to an impalpable powder.) Oper. Antacid. -Use- In dvspepsia, and during dentition, combined with purgatives in cases of cosliviness- Dose- 3 ss. to 3 j- oecasionallv- CAPSICI BACC/E, L- D- Capsici Annui Fructus, E- The Capsj- cum Berries. (.Capsicum Annuum, Pentand. Monogyn. N. O- Lu- rida, L. Solanem, J- South America- ©.) Prop- Odour aromatic, pungent; taste very biting, hot, aromatic ; yielded to a (her, alcohol, and water- Oper. Stimulant, rubefacient. Use. In atonic gout, the flatulence of dyspepsia, lethargy. Its solu- tion (Capsicipulv- 3 j-, Mur. Soda 3j. Aceti 3 iv., Aqua ferven- tis ffvj., Cola) forms the best gargle jn cynanche maligna and scarlatina. Cataplasms of it are used in coma and the delirium of typhus. Dose- Gr- vj- to gr. x- in pills; or f 3 j. to f 3i|. of this tincture (Cap- sici 3 iv. alcokolis f 5 viij.) in water. Incomp. Nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of lead, sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper, and the carbonates of alkalies. CARBO UGNI- L- E. D. Charcoal of Wood. (Recens) CAR 51 Comp- Carbon 68-4, hydrogen 1-5, a minute portion of oxygen, salts, earths, &c. Prop- Inodorous, tasteless, black, brittle- Oper. Antiseptic- Use- In the putrid eructations of dyspepsia; as a cataplasm with lin- seed meal to foetid ulcers ; the best tooth powder. Dose- Gr- x. to 3j. united with rhubarb. CARBONAS BARYT/E- E- Carbonate of Baryta. Comp. Carbonic acid 21-6, baryta 78-4- Berzelius- Use- For preparing the muriate. CARBONAS POTASS/E PURISSIMUS. E- Pure Carbonate of Potash. Coop- Carbonate of potash, and potash. TAis salt is the subcarbonate prepared from tartar, by fire. CARDAMINES FLORES, L- E- D- Cardamine Flowers. (Cala- mine Pratensis, Tttradynam- Siliq- N- O. Siliquosa, L- Cruei- ferm, J- Europe- 40 Prop. Almost inodorous ; taste bitterish, slightly acrid. Oper- Stimulant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic Use- In the spasm i- Dose- 3 j. to 3 ij- in powder, twice or thrice a day. CARDAMOMI SEMINA. L. Cardamomum Minus; Sem. D. Amo- mi Repentis Sem- E Cardamom Seeds. (Matonia Cardamomum, Rees' Cyclop- East Indies-) Prop- Odour agreeably aromatic ; taste pungent, grateful- Oper- Carminative, stomachic- Use- In the flatulent colic of children, nnited with rhubarb and mag- nesia ; but principally to give warmth to other remedies- Dose- Gr. v. to 3j. in powder. Off- Prep- Ext- Colocynthidis Comp- L. D- Tinct- Cardamomi, L- E- D. Tinct- Cardam- Comp- L- D- Tinct- Cinnamomi, C- L- E- Tinct. Gentiana Comp- L- Tinct- Rhei, L- E- D- Tinct. Rhei cum Aloe, E- Tinct- Senna, L. E- Spir- JEtheris Aroma- ticus, L- Vinum Aloes Soccotrinw, E- Confect. -Iromatica, L- Elect- Aromaticum, D- Pulv- Cinnamomi Comp- L. E. D- Pilul- Scilla Maritima- E- Infusum Senna, D- -------- cum Tama- rindis, D- CARIC/E FRUCTUS, L- D- Fici Caricte Fructus, E. The Fig. (Ficus Carica, the Fig Tree, Polygam. Dimcia, N. O. Scabnda, L- Urtica, J- Persia- 'f •) Prop- Taste sweet and mucilaginous. Oper. Demulcent, suppurative. Use. In pulmonary and other inflammatory diseases, in decoctions ; in cynanche tonsillaris during suppuration, as a gargle- (R Car t- carurn ^ij- aqua f^vj- coque et cola ;) in gumboils roasted, then split and applied to the part. Off. Prep- Decoctum Hordci Comp. L. D- Confectio Senna, L- D- CARUI SEMINA. L- E. Caruon, D- Carraway Seeds. Carum Carui, Pentand- Digyn- N. O. Umbellata. North of Europe- S •) Prop- Odour aromatic ; taste warm, grateful; figure ovate-oblong, striated. Oper- Carminative- Use- In flatulent colic; and to give warmth to purgatives- Dose- Gr- x- to 3 ij-swallowed whole- Off. Prep. 01. Carui, L,. D- Aq- Carui, L- Decoct- Anthemtd. Nob. :>i CAS E- Spir. Carui, L- E- D- Spir- Junipcri Comp. L- Tinct. Car- dam- Comp. L- D- Tinct- Senna, L- D. Confectio Opii, L- Con- fectio Ruta, L- Emplast. Cumini, L- CARYOPHYLLI- L- Caryophyllus Aromaticus, E- Caryophyllus Aromatica, D- Cloves. (Eugenia Caryophyllata- Icosamdria Monogyn. N. O. Hespcridea, L. Myrti, J. Moluccas- \ •) Prop- Odour strong, aromatic, and peculiar; taste acrid, pungent; figure like a small nail with a notched head ; colour deep brown- (The unexpanded bud.) Oper. Stimulant- Use. As corrigents to other remedies. Dose- Gr. v. to x. in powder. Off Prep. Infusum Caryophyllorum, L. Vinum Opii, L. Confec- tio Aromatica, L- Confect- Scammonii, L- D- Elect- Aromaticum, D- Pilula Aloes cum Colocynthide, E- D- CARYOPHYLLORUM OLEUM, E- D- Oil of Cloves. Comp- Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a small proportion- Prop- Odour and taste of the clove ; colour pale yellow ; heavier than water. Oper- and Use- The same as the clove; externally, diluted with olive oil, as an embrocation in hooping cough ; as an application in tooth-ach. Dose- flUj. to fllvi. on 6Ugar- Off- Pnp- Spir. Ammonia Aromat- L- CASCARILL/E CORTEX. L- D- Croton Eleutheris? Cortex, E. Cascarilla Bark- (Croton Eleutheria, Monoec- Adelphia, N- O- Tricocea, L- Euphorbia, J- Bahamas- > •) Prop- Odour slightly aromatic; taste bitterish, aromatic ; when burning, and the flame extinguished, the smoke has the odour of musk; active parts an essential oil, and bitter extractive : com- pletely extracted by proof spirit. Oper- Tonic, stomachic- Use- As an adjunct to cinchona in ague ; in obstinate diarrhoea and after dysentery ; in dyspepsia and flatulent colic. Dose- Gr- xv. to 3ss- in powder. OJf. Prep- Infusum Cascarilla, L- Tinct. Cascarilla, L- D. Ext- Cascarilla), D- CASSIA MARILANDICA- U- S- American Senna. (Decand. Mo- nogyn- N- O- Lomentacea, L. Legumcnosa, J. North America- 40 Planta- The plant- Comp- Resin, extractive and volatile matter. Prop- Taste slightly bitter and nauseous. Oper- It requires to be given in about one third larger quantity than cassia senna to produce the same effect- Use- A substitute for cassia senna- Dose. Of the powder 3 ss- to 3 iss. Of the infusion. (Fol. Cass. Mariland. §j- Aq. bullient- Oj.) |ij. every two hours until it operates. CASSI/E PULPA. L- Cassis? Fistula? Fruct. E. Cassia Fistularis; Fructus Pulpa, D. Cassia Pulp. (Cassia Fistula, Decand- Mono- gyn- N-O. Lomentacea, L- Leguminosa, J. India- Egypt- ZL) Prop. Pulp black, bright, shining; sweet, slightly acid ; inodorous. Oper. Laxative. Use. Where a gentle medicine is required in costive habits, coin bined with aromatics- C E .\ 03 Dose- 3 iv. to j j. Off. Prep. Pulpa Cassia Fistularis Expressa, E. L. Confectio Cassia, L. E. D. Confectio Senna, L. E- CASTOREUM. L- E- Cast. Rossicum and Canadense, D. Castor. (Castor Fiber- The Beaver. Mammalia, Glires, L. Mammalia Rodentia, Cuv. Russia-) A peculiar matter found in bags, near the rectum of the animal. Comp. Carbonates'of potash, of lime, of ammonia, and of iron; resin, extractive mucilaginous matter, volatile oil- Prop. Odour strong, unpleasant, peculiar ; taste bitter, subacrid : colour orange-brown. Oper. Antispasmodic, emmenagogue ■? Use- In typhus, hysteria, epilepsy, amenorrhoea. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. in a bolus; 3 j. or more in clysters. OJT- Prep. Tinctura Castorei, L- E- D- CATAPLASMA FERMENTI- L- Yeast Cataplasm. (Farina fbj. Cerevisia Fermcnti Oss- M. calori leni expone.) Oper. Antiseptic- Use- Applied to gangrenous sloughing sores. CATAPLASMA SINAPIS- L- Cat- Sinapeos, D- Mustard Cata- plasm. (Pulv. Sinapis Sem. Lini Usitat- Sem- Pulv- aa tbss- Aceti calidi, q. s- M-) Oper. Rubefacient, stimulant- Use. Applied to the soles of the feet, in the delirium, coma, and sink- ing of typhus, &c ; to the pained part in rheumatism. CATECHU EXTRACTUM. L-E. D- Catechu. (Acacia Catechu, Polygam- Monoec. N- O- Lommtacea, Leguminosa, J. East Indies- 4-) An Extract of the Wood. Comp. Bombay Cat- tannin 54-5, extractive 34, mucibge 6-5, impu- rities 5 parts. Bengal, tannin 48-5, extractive 36-5, mucilage 8, impurities 7 parts- Prop. Inodorous ; taste astringent, mucilaginous, sweetish; colour reddish-brown ; soluble in water and in alcohol. Oper- Astringent. Use. In diarrhoea, from a relaxed state of the bowels ; and intestinal haemorrhages; locally in aphtha?, ulceration of the gums, and in coughs and hoarseness, from the relaxation of the uvula. Dose. Gr- xv. to 3j. in powder ; in the latter case, a piece is allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth. Ojf. Prep. Isfusum Catechu, L- E- Tinct- Catechu, L- E. Elect- Mimosa Catechu, E- D. CENTAURE/E BENEDICT/E HERBA. E- Cardui Benedicti Folia, D- Blessed Thistle. (Syngen. Polygam- Fru.itr. N. O- Composita Capitata, L. Cinarocephala, J. Greek Islands. ©.) Prop. Odour unpleasant; taste bitter. Oper. Strong decoction emetic; strong infusion diaphoretic ; light infusion tonic, stomachic. Use. For the two former purposes it is rarely used; but the light in- fusion, mode with 3 vj. of the plant in Oj. of cold water is an ex- cellent bitter in loss of appetite, and in the dyspepsia of the irre- gular. Dose. Gr- xv. to 3j- in powder; of the infusion f 5 ij- every three hours. CENTAURII CACUMINA. L. Chironiae Centaurii Summitates. E- Centaurinm Minus, D. Common Centaury Tops- (Chironia 54 C E R Centaurium, Pentand- Monogyn- N- O. Rutacea, L- Genti- ana, J. Europe. ©•) Prop. Taste bitter. Active principle extracted both by water and alcohol. Oper- Use, &c Similar to the Centaurea Benedicta- CERA FLAVA, ET ALBA- L- E. D. Yellow Wax and White. (An animal substance prepared by the bee; and by some plants, as the Ceroxylon and Myrica cerifera.) Comp. Carbon 03.12, hydrogen 16,91 oxygen 29.97 parts- Prop. Odour aromatic, resembling that of honey ; tasteless ; dry; brittle ; colour yellow, when recent; but the odour and colour are lost by bleaching. Oper. Demulcent, emollient. Use. In diarrhoea and dysentery; but principally used in the forma- tion of cerates and ointments. Dose. 3 j. to 3 ss. twice or thrice a day, in form of emulsion ; melt the wax with a little oil ; then triturate it with yolk of egg, and groat gruel f 5 ij. Off. Prep. Cera Flava Purificata, D. Ung- Cerata. Emp. Varia. CERATUM. L. Cerate. (Olei Oliva §iv. Cera Flav. I'y Melt the wax, then add the. oil and mix.) Emollient. To excoria- tions, &.C. Off. Prep. Ung. Oxidi Zinci Impuri, E. Ung. Oxidi Zinci, E. CERATUM ARSENICI. U. S. Cerate of Arsenic. (Cerat- simp. 5 j. Acid arsenios. 3j. Soften the cerate and mix in the acid.) Oper. Stimulant, escharotic. CERATUM CALAMIN/E. L. Ceratum Carbonatis Zinci impuri. E. Ungucntum Calaminare, D. Calamine Cerate. (Calamina Prop. Cera Flava aa Ibss. 01. Oliva Oj. -The oil and wax being melted, mix ; then remove them from the fire: as soon as they be- gin to thicken add the calamine, and stir until the whole be cold.) Oper. Dessicative, epuloric. Use. To ulcers, with a thin, acrid discharge ; to burns after the in- flammation is abated ; to the eyelids in ophthalmia tarsi. CERATUM CETACEI. L. Ceratum Simplex, E. Spermaceti Ce- rate. (Cetacei 3 iv. Cera: Alb. |ij. Oliva Ol. f|iv. The wax and oil being melted together, add the spermaceti, and stir until the whole is cold.) Oper Emollient, cooling. Off. Prep. Ceratum Cantharidis, L. Cerat. Carbonatis Zinci Imp. E. CERATUM CANTHARIDIS. L. Cerate of the Spanish Fly. (Ce- rati Cetacei 3 vj. Cantharidum in pulv. sub. 3j. The cerate being softened by heat, stir in the flies.) Oper. Irritative. Use. For keeping up a discharge from a blistered surface ; but few constitutions can bear the irritation it induces. CERATUM JUNIPERI VIRGINIANI. U. S. Cerate of Red Ce- dar. (Cerat. resinos. partes sex. Juniperi Virginiani in pulv. trit. partem unam. To the cerate previously softened, add the Cedar and mix.) Oper. Irritative, drawing. Use. To keep up a discharge from blistered surfaces. CERATUM PLUMBI ACETATIS. L. Ung. Acetatis Plumbi, E. Ung. Acetatis Plumbi, D. Cerate of Acetate of Lead. (Plumbi Ace- C H A talis cont. 3 ij. C'cr« Alb. 3 ij. Oliva Ol. Oss. Melt the wax in seven fluid ounces of the oil, then add the acetate rubbed down with the remainder; and" stir with a wooden spatula until the whole be united.) (>[nr. Cooling, astringent, resolvent. Lsc. In inflamed sores, excoriations, and burns. CERATUM PLUMBI COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Lead Ce- rate. (Liq. Plumbi Acetatis f § ijss. Cera Flava 3 iv. Oliva Ol. f ?ix. Camphora 3ss. Melt the wax in f 5 viij. of the oil, then re- move the mixture from the fire, and when it begins to thicken, add gradually the solution of acetate of lead, and assiduously stir the whole with a wooden spatula until it is cold; lastly, add the cam- phor dissolved in what remained of the oil, and mix.) Oper. and Use. The same as the former. CERATUM PLUMBI SUBCARBONATIS COMPOSITUM. U. S. Cerate of Subcarbonate of Lead. (Emplas. plumb, subcarbon. com. partes quinque. Ol. Oliv. partem unam. To the plaster, pre- viously melted, add the oil, stirring the whole constantly together until cool.) Oper. Defensive, resolvent. Use. Excoriations, inflamed sores. CERATUM RESIN/E. L. Resin Cerate. (Resina Flava; Cera Flava aa Ibj. Oliva Ol. Oj. Melt the resin and wax over a Blow fire, then add the oil, and strain while hot.) Oper. Digestive, cleansing, incarnating. Use. To foul indolent ulcers. Off. Prep. Linimentum Terebinthina, L. CERATUM RESINOSUM COMPOSITUM. U. S. Compound Resin Cerate. (Sevi. cera flav. resin, pin. aa fbj. terebinth. lini olei a a Ibss. Melt them together and strain through linen.) Oper. Digestive, stimulating. Use. To indolent ulcers. CERATUM SABINiE. L. UnguentumSabina?, D. Savine Cerate. Sabina Fol. Recent, contus. Ibj. Cera Flava Ibss. Adipis prap. Ibij. Having melted the wax and lard, boil therein the savine leaves, and strain through a linen cloth.) Oper. Irritative, drawing. Use. To keep up a discharge from a blistered surface. It is much preferable to the Cerat. Cantharidis, occasioning less pain, and pre- serving a more regular discharge. CERATUM SAPONIS. L. Soap Cerate. (Sapon. Duri 5 viij. Ce- ra Flava 5x. Plumbi Oxydi Semevit. cont. Ibj- Oliva Ol. Oj. Aceti Cong. Boil together the vinegar and. oxide of lead, over a slow fire, stirring constantly until they combine ; then add the soap, and boil again until the water be evaporated ; lastly, mix in the oil and wax melted together.) Oper. Dessicative, resolvent. Use. Applied, spread on linen, round fractured limbs, after all inflam- mation is 'abated, and the bones are united; and to strumous CHAM/EDRYOS HERBA. D. Wall Germander. (Teucrium Cha- maedrys, Didynam. Gymnosp, N. O. Verticillata, L. Labiata, J. Indigenous. 40 Prop. Odour slightly fragrant; taBte bitter. Oper. Tonic, stomachic, diuretic, emmenagogue. 56 c r N Use. In intermittents ? chlorosis, arthritis. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. in pswder. CETACEUM. L. Spermaceti, E. D. (Physeter Macrocephalus. The Spermaceti Whale. Mammalia, Cetacea, L.) Comp. Carbon,'hydrogen, oxygen. Prop. Inodorous, insipid, white, crystallized, friable, semitranspa- rent, unctuous. Sp. grav. 9.433; melts at 112° of heat. Oper. Demulcent, emollient. Use. In coughs and dysentery ; and in the composition of ointments. Dose. 3 ss. to 3 jss. rubbed up with sugar, or with an egg in emulsion. Off. Prep. Ceratum Simplex, E. Ceratum Cetacei, L. Ung. Ce- tacei, L. D. CHENOPOD1UM. U. S. Worm Seed. (Chenopodium Anthelmin- ticum, Pentand. Digyn. N. O. Oleracea, L. Atriplices, J. North and South America. 40 Planta. The plant. Prop. Bitter, aromatic, acrid, and very pungent, unpleasant to the smell. Oper. Anthelmintic. Use. For expelling lumbrici. Some prefer the expressed juice of the fresh leaves; others the seeds pulverised ; some a decoction of the fresh leaves in milk; but the oil is the most convenient, and perhaps the best form of exhibition. Dose. For a child ot two or three years, of the expressed juice f 5 ss. of the decoction f 5 ij. of the seeds a table spoonful, and of the oil ITlv. to fllx. The medicine is to be repeated night and morning for two or three days, and then to give place to an active purge. Off. Trip. Ol. CAenopod. CINCHON/E CORDIFOLI/E CORTEX. L. E. Cinchona, D. Yellow Bark. (Pent. Monogynia, N. O. Contenta, L. Rubiacea, J. South America. 40 Calasaya of'the Spaniards. Prop. Odour aromatic ; tasto strong, bitter, astringent; in pieces a span long, not rolled, often without the epidermis, which is very thick and inert ; light, frAble, fracture fibrous ; internally of a yellowish cinnamon colour. lis active principle is an alkali named Quinia. CINCHON/E LANCIFOLI/E CORTEX. L. E. Pale Bark. Prop. Odour aromatic; taste pleasant, less bitter, and astringent; pieces rolled in double or single quills, a span long, thin ; epidonnis/ brown, cracked ; fracture resinous ; internally of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is an alkali, which has been named Cinchonia. CINCHON/E OBLONGIFOLI/E CORTEX. L. E. Red Bark. Prop. Odour and taste the same as the pale, but more intense ; in large flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry ; fracture short and smooth ; in- ternally woody, fibrous, of a deep brownish red colour. Its active principles two alkalies, Quinia and Cinchonia. Oper.Qi these three species nearly alike, strongly and permanently tonic, astringent, stomachic, febrifuge. (The yellow is preferred in Peru ;) the red is apt to nauseate. Use. In intermittents, after evacuating the stomach and bowels; in continued fevers, keeping the bowels clear; confluent small-pox ; erysipelas ; acute rheumatism ; cynanche maligna ; scarlatina ; pas- sive haemorrhages; and in every disease attended with deficient action. Externally in giysters, gargles, and lotions, in gangrenous ulcerations, &c. To check the nausea excited by it, wine, uroiua- COL 57 7- tics, and carbonic acid are added; to prevent purging, opium ; cos- tiveness, rhubarb. The red most useful ill gangrene. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 iij. or more in milk, infusion of liquorice, or water. Vide Infusum Tinct. Off. Prep. Decoctum Cinchona, L. E. D. Infusum Cinchona, L. E. D. Ext. Cinchona, L. E. D. Ext. Cinchona Resinosum, L. I). Tinct. Cinchona, L. E. D. Tinct. Cinch. Comp. L. D. Vinum Gentiana Comp. E.* CINNAMOMI CORTEX. L. D. Lauri Cinnamomi Cortex, E. Cinnamon Bark. (Laurus Cinnamomum, Enneandr. Monogyn. N. O. Oleracea, L. Lauri, J. Ceylon. 40 Prop. Odour aromatic; taste pleasantly pungent, sweetish, depend- ing on essential oil; colour light-yellow, brown ; pieces quilled with- in each other, not thicker than paper; pliable; fracture fibrous and woody. Oper. Stimulant, astringent, carminative, tonic. Use. As a grateful aromatic in dyspepsia and diarrhoea; to cover the taste of nauseous remedies. The infusion checks vomiting. Chew- ed in palsy of the tongue. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. in powder. Off. Prep. Aq. Cinnamomi, L. E. D. Infusum Catechu, L. Spir. Cinnamomi, L. E. D- Spir. Lavandula Comp- L. E. D. Tinct. Cardamomi Comp. L. D. Tinct. Catechu, L- E. Tinct- Cin- namomi, L. E. D. T. Cinnam. Comp. L- Spir- JEtheris Aro- mat. L. Vinum Opii, L. Acid. Sulphuric. Aromat. E. Con- nect. Aromat. L. D. Elect. Catechu, D. Pulv. Cinnam- Comp. L. E- Pulv. Creta Comp. L. E. Pulv. Kino Comp. L- Emplast. Aromat. D. CINNAMOMI OLEUM. L. E. D. Oil of Cinnamon. Prop. Odour of the bark ; taste pungent, hot; pale yellow colour ; sinks in water ; entirely soluble in alcohol. Oper. Powerfully stimulant; stomachic. Use. In cramps of the stomach, hiccough, and flatulent colic ; insert- ed into a decayed tooth to allay tooth-ach. Dose. TRj. to flliij. on a lump of sugar. COCCUS. L. Coccinella, D. Coccus Cacti, E. (Coccus Cacti. Insecta Hemiptera. Mexico.) The Dried Female. Prop. Faint heavy odour ; taste acrid, bitterish, astringent; colour blackish red externally, purple red within ; small, irregular, roundish. Use. Chiefly for giving a red colour to tinctures, &c. COCI BUTYRACE/E, NUCIS OLEUM FIXUM. E. Palm Oil. (Cocos Butyraceae, the Mackaw Tree, N. O. Palma. South America, 'f.) Prop. Odour that of violets ; taste sweetish ; consistence of butter ; colour goluen yellow ; does not easily become rancid ; but when bo, has a dirty white appearance. Oper. Emollient. Use. Externally in sprains, &c. COLCHICI RADIX (bulbus) ET SEMINA. L. Colchici Radix, D. Colchici Autumnalis Radix, E. The Bulb of the Meadow Saf- fron. (Colchicum Autumnale, Hexand. Trigyn, N. O. Spathacea, * For an account of Cinchonia and Quinia, see Appendix. 58 CON L- Junci, J. Europe. 4-) Dug in July and August when the seed appears- Prop- Taste acrid, excoriating the mouth ; acrimony lost in drying. Oper. Narcotic, diuretic, cathartic. Use. In dropsies, gout, and rheumatism. (It is supposed that it forms the active ingredient of the Eau Medicinale.) Dose. Gr. j. to gr. vj. of the recent bulb in pills. Off. Prep- Act turn Colchici, L. Oxymel Colchici, D- Syrup- Col- chici Autumnalis, E. Vinum Colchici, L. COLLYRIUM PLUMBI ACETATIS. U. S. Collyrium of Ace- tate of Lead. (Plumb- acet. 3j. Aq. distill. Oss. Mix and dis- solve.) Oper. Sedative, astringent. COLLYRIUM PLUMBI ACETATIS ET OPII. U. S. Collyrium of Opium and Acetate of Lead. (Same as preceding with the addi- tion of Tinct. OpiifZj.) COLLYRIUM ZINCI ACETALIS. U. S Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. (Zinc sulphat. gr. xij. Plumb, acet. gr. xvj. Aq. distill. Oss. Mix and dissolve, and after precipitation pour off the clear liquid.) COLLYRIUM ZINCI SULPHATIS. U.S. Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc. (Zinc, sulphat. gr. xij. Aq. distill. Oss. Mix and dis- solve.) *+* The above Collyria are suited to different stages of Ophthalmia. COLOCYNTHIDIS PULPA. L. Fructus Medulla. D. Cucumeris Colocynthidis Pulpa. E. Bitter Cucumber Pulp. (Cucumis, Colo- cynthis, Monac. Syngen. N. O. Cucurbitacea, L. J. Cape of Good Hope. 0.) Prop. Taste bitter, nauseous, acrimonious ; light, white or pale yel- low ; spongy. , Oper. Strongly cathartic. Use. Too violent to be used alone. Ojf. Prep. Extract. Colocynthidis, L. Ext. Colocynth. Comp. L. D. Pilul. Aloes cum Color.ynthide, E. D. CONFECTIO A MYGDALARUM. L. Confection of Almonds. (Amygd. Dul. 5j- Acacia Gum. 3j. Sacch. Alb. 3 iv. Having bleached the almonds, beat the whole into a uniform paste.) This preparation is merely a good mode of keeping Almonds in a state fit to make the Almond Mixture. CONFECTIO AROMATICA. L. Elect. Aromaticum, E. D. Aro- matic Confection. (Cinnamomi Cort. Myristica Nuc. sing. §ij. Caryoph. ?j. Cardam. Sem. 5ss. Croci Stig. \ ij. Testar. Prap. |xvi. Sacch. Pur. Ibij. Aqua Oj. Rub the dry substances to a fine powder, then mix, adding the water gradually till the whole be incorporated.) Oper. Stimulant, cordial. Use. In the low stage of typhoid fevers; atonic gout; hysteria; nervous languors. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. in bolus, or mixtures. htcomp. Acids of any kind. CONFECTIO AURANTIORUM. L. Conserva Aurantii, E. D. Confection of Orange.. (Aur. Cort. exter. recent, radula separ. Ibj. Sacch. pur. lbiij. Beat the rind in a stone mortar with a wooden pestle, gradually adding the sugar. Oper. Stomachic. r o N l.'se. In dyspepsia of children; and as a vehicle for other remedies. Dose. 3j. to 5J- CONFECTIO CASSLS. L. Elect. Cassia? Fistula?, E. Elect. Cas- sia1, D. Cassia Confection. (Cassia pulpa Ibss. Manna ? ij. Tamarindi pulpa | j. Syr. Rosa Oss. Bruise the manna; then dissolve it by heat, and, having mixed in the pulp, evaporate.to a proper consistence.) Oper. Gently laxative. Use. For habitual costiveness ; and as a purge for children. Dose. 3j. to |j. CONII FOLIA ET SEMINA. L. Conii Maculati Folia, E. Cicuta, D. Hemlock Leaves and Seeds. (Conium Maculatum, Pentand. Digyn. N. O. Umbellata. Indigenous. ©.) Prop. Odour heavy and disagreeable ; taste bitter, nauseous, herba- ceous ; colour a dull green ; light destroys its virtues, therefore the powder should be kept in opaque bottles, well corked. Oper. Narcotic, poisonous in an over-dose, resolvent. Use. As a palliative in cancer, and schirrus ; scrofulous and syphi- litic ulcerations and swellings ; pertussis. Externally, 5 iij. of.the dried herb boiled in Oj. of water, as a fomentation to open scrofu- lous and cancerous ulcers ; or as a cataplasm, by adding linseed and oatmeal. Dose. Or. ij. to 3j. of the powder, or from fllxij. to Ix. of the ex- pressed juice, very gradually increased. Off. Prep Extractum Cpnii, L. E. D. CONFECTIO OPII. L. Electuar. Opiatum, E. Opium Confection. (Opii duri 3 vj. Piper. Long. ?j. Zingib. rad. |ij. Carui Sem. 5 iij. Syrupi Oj. Rub the opium with the syrup made hot; then add the other articles in the state of powder, and mix.) Gr. j. of Opium in gr. xxxvj. Oper. Narcotic and stimulant. Use. Atonic gout, flatulent colic, colliquative diarrhoea, in the chalk mixture. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. in a bolus, or mixture CONFECTIO ROS/E CANIN/E L. Conserve Rosa? Canina?, E. Confection of Dog Rose. (Rosa Can. Pulpa, Ibj. Sacch. pur. 5 xx. Rub them together until they be well incorporated.) Use. Chiefly as n vehicle for other remedies. CONFECTIO ROS/E GALLICiE. L. Conserva Rosa? Gallics*, E. Conserva Rosa?, D. Confection of the Red Rose. (Rosa Gal. Petal, nondum explic. abject, ung. Ibj. Sacch. pur. Ibiij. Beat the petals in a stone mortar, then add the sugar, and beat into a uniform mass.) Oper. Astringent, tonic. Use. In diarrhoea. Rubbed up with new milk, it is useful in early convalescence from acute diseases. A good vehicle. Dose. 3ito ?j. CONFECTIO RUT/E. L. Confection of Rue. (Ruta Fol. exsic ; Carui Sem.; Lauri Bacc sing. 5jss. Sagapeni 3 iv. Piper. Nig. 3 ij. Mellis § xvj. Rub the dry substances to a very fine powder, then add the honey, and mix.) Oper. Antispasmodic, carminative. . Use. In the convulsive affections of children, given in clysters ; 3j. to 3 j. in Oss. of gruel. _ , CONFECTIO SCAMMONI/E- L. Elect. Scammonu, D. Confec- 60 COR tion of Scamraony. (Scammoniapulv. 5jss. Caryoph. cont. Zin- giber Rad. pulv- sing. 3vj. O/et Carui f3ss. Syr^ Rosa q. s. Rub the dry substances to a very fine powder, then again with the syrup ; add the oil of carraway, and mix.) Oper. Warm cathartic. Dose. 3 ss. to 3 j. in a bolus. CONFECTIO SENN/E. L. Elect. Cassiae Sennoe. E. Elect. Sen- n;e, D. Confection of Senna- (Senna Fol. | viij. Carica Frvct- Ibj. Tamarinda Pulpa, Cassia Pulpa, Prunorum Gall. Pulpa sing. Ibss. Coriand- Sem. |iv. Glycyrrhiza rad. 5"j- Sacch. pur. Ibijss. Rub the Senna leaves and Coriander seeds to powder, and sift; boil the residue with the figs, liquorice root, and Oiv. of water to one half, then pr-^ss and strain. Evaporate the strained liquor to Ojss. then add the sugar. Finally, rub the syrup with the pulp, and adding the sifted powder, mix the whole.) Oper. Laxaiive. Use. In habitual costiveness, and that attending pregnancy. Dose. 3 j. to 3 iv. CONTRAYERV/E RADIX. L. Dorstenia? Contrayerva? Rad. E. Contrajerva Root. (Dorstenia Contrajerva, Tetrand. Monomjn. N. O. Scabrida, L. Urtica, J. South America. 4-) Prop. Odour aromatic, heavy ; taste bitter, styptic, sweetish. Oper. Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. Use. In typhus ; nervous fever; the fever of dentition in weak in- fants ; and dysentery. Dose. Gr. xij. to 3 ss. Off. Prep. Pulv- Contrajerva Comp. L. COPAIBA. L. Copaiferae Officinalis Resina, E. Balsamum Co- paibas. D. Copaiba. (Copaifera Officinalis, Decand. Digyn. N.O. Dumosa, L- Lrguminosa, J. Brazils. ^ .) Comp. Resin, volatile oil. Prop. Odour peculiar, not unpleasant; taste pungent, bitter ; con- sistence of syrup ; yellowish, transparent; soluble in alcohol, aether, and the expressed oils; miscible in distilled water, by means of mucilage ; spec. grav. 0.950. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, purgative in large doses ; acts on the urethra. Use. in gleet, leucorrhoea, haemorrhoidal affections. Dose. fllx. to flllx. in emulsion with gum or yolk of egg. Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid. COR1ANDRI SEMINA. L. Coriandri Sativi Semina. E. Corian- drum, D. Coriander Seed. (Coriandrum Sativum, Pentand. Digyn. N. O. Umbellata. Italy. ©.) Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste grateful, pungent; seed hemispherical, ribbed. Oper. Carminative. Use. In flatulencies; but chiefly to cover the taste of other medicines. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. entire, or in powder. Ojf. Prep. Infusum Tamarindi et Senna, E- Tinct. Senna Comp. E. Confectio Senna, L. E. Aqua Calcis Composita, D. CORNUA. L. Cervi Elaphi Cornu, E. Cornu Cervinum, D. Harts- horn. (Cervus Elaphus, Mammalia Peeora. Europe.) Prop. Hard, compact, bony ; yields 27 parts gelantine for every 100 of the horn. Oper. Emollient, nutritive. C R O til Use. To infants deprived of the breast. 1 vj. of the shavings, boiled in water Oiv. to Oij. then strained, and the liquor again boiled with f'5j. of orange juice, 5vj- of sugar, and f$v. of sherry wine, form a light nutritious jelly for the sick. Off. Prep. Cornu Ustum, L. D. Pulv- Antimonialis, L. E. D. CORNU USTUM. L. Burnt Hartshorn. Comp. Phosphate of lime 57.5, carbonate of lime 1, phosphate of mag- nesia. Prop. White, friable. Use. The knowledge of the components of this preparation proves that it possesses no antacid qualities, and therefore it might be alto- gether rejected. Off. Prep. Mistura Cornu Usti. L. CORNUS FLORIDA. U. S. Dog Wood. (Tetrand- Monogyn. N. O. Stellata, L. Caprifolia, J. North America. ^ .) Cortex. The bark. Comp. Said to contain the same constituents as cinchona, but in dif- ferent proportions. The cornus contains more extractive mat- ter and gum, and hence is more miscible in water, whilst the cinchona contains the most resin, and is more soluble in alcohol. Prop. Bitter, astringent and aromatic. Oper. Tonic, astringent, very similar to the Peruvian Bark. I'se. In cases where cinchona is indicated. Dose. Of the powder 3j. to 3ij. GRETA. L. D. Carbonas Calcis, a. mollier, E. Chalk. Comp. Lime 53, carbonic acid 45, in 100 parts; some urgill. Slice. »rav. from 2.3 to 2.6. Prop. White, friable, effervescing with acids. Use. To prepare the Creta Praeparatu. CRETA PR/ECIPJTATA. D. Precipitated Chalk. This is a very pure carbonate of lime, precipitated from Aq. Muriatis Calcis by Carbonas Soda? ; and is fitter for interna) use than the common prepared chalk. Off. Prep. Hydrargyrum cum Creta, D. Elect- Aromaticum, D. Mistura Creta, D. CRETA PR.EPARATA. L. D. Carbonas Calcis Pra?paratus, E. Prepared Chalk. Comp. The same as those of creta. Oper. Internally antacid ; externally absorbent. Use. In diarrhoea from acidity : externally when sprinkled over burns, after the inflammation has subsided, and a poultice applied, the skinning over of the sore is much hastened. Dosf. Gr. x. to 3j. or more. Off. Prep. Mistura Creta, L. E. Hydrargyrum cum Creta, L. Pulvis Creta Comp. L. E. Pulv- Opiatus, E. Trochisci Car- bonatus Calcis, E. CROCI STIGMATA. L. Croci Sativi Stigmata, E. Crocus, D. Saffron. (Crocus Sativus, Triand. Monogyn. N. O. Ensata, L. Irides, J. The East. 4.) TAc English is the best. Prop. Odour diffusive, aromatic, narcotic ; taste aromatic, pungent, bitter; colour deep orange-red ; residing in an extractive essential oil and resin; yields its virtues to alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water. Oper. Stimulant, exhilarating, diaphoretic. U*e. In hysteria, and other nervous affections. ty c u P Dose. Gr. v. to 3 6S. Off. Prep. Syrupus Croci, L. Tinct. Croci, E. Confect. Aroma- tica, L. D. Pilula Aloes cum Myrrha, L. Tinct. Aloes Comp. L. E. D. Tinct. Cinchona Comp. L. D. Tinct- Rhei, L. Tinct. Rhei Comp. L. CROTON TIGLIUM. (Monac. Monadclp. N. O. Tricocca. Ceylon. V.) Semina. The seeds. Oleum Seminum. The ex- pressed oil of the seeds. , Comp. The od contains of an active purgative principlo 45 parts, and 55 of a fixed oil resembling that of olives. Oper. A moBt active and certain hydragogue purge. It is said not to irritate like Gamboge and Scammony ; but when overdosed, to pro- duce nervous phenomena, as tremors, oppressed respiration, ver- tigo, &c. Dose. Of the oil fllss. to fllij. in mucilage, sugar, or in pill: one of the seeds rubbed up in rice-gruel or emulsion. CUBEBA. L. Cubebs. (Piper Cubeba?, Diand. Trigyn. N. O. Piperita, L. Urtica, J. Java and Guinea. ^ .) Bacca. Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste cooling at first, afterwards pungent: active principle an essential oil. Oper. Stimulant, purgative. Use. in gonorrhoea. Dose- From 3j. to 3 j- of the powder, every six hours. CUMINI SEMINA. L- Cummin Seed. (Cuminum Cyminum, Pen- tand. Monogyn- N. O. Umbellata. Egypt. ©.) Prop- Odour peculiar, heavy ; taste warm, bitterish, disagreeable. Water extracts their odour ; spirit takes up both odour and taste. Seeds ovate, striated. Oper- Antispasmodic ; externally stimulating- Use. Scarcely ever employed internally; vide Emplastrum. Off. Prep. Emplastrum Cumini, L. CUPRUM. E. D. Copper. Prop. Odour peculiar, and sensible when rubbed: taste disagreeable and metallic ; colour red-yellow ; spec. grav. 7.87 ; ductile ; very malleable; hardness less than that of iron ; easily oxydized. Use. For preparing the salts of the metal * CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. L. D. Ammoniaretum Cupri, E. Ammoniated Copper. Comp. Subsulphate of copper, subsulphate of ammonia. Prop. A crystalline powder, of a rich violet colour; taste hot, styptic, metalline. Its colour is lost by keeping, if exposed to the air, and it becomes green ; being partly converted into carbonate of copper. Oper. Tonic, antispasmodic. Use. In epilepsy and chorea, after a course of purging. Dose. Gr. J,, gradually increased to gr. iv. in a pill twice a day. * Copper, when clean, produces no deleterious effects in the sto- mach ; nor does it appear that the acids it meets with there and in the bowels, render it very active when in a mass. We have seen two instances where halfpence were swallowed, and retained, in the one case six months, and in the other two, without altering the state of health. Both the patients were boys under ten years of age ; and the halfpence were much corroded when passed. DAT 63 CUPRI SULPHAS. L. E. D. Sulphate of Copper. Comp. Hydrate of copper 42.6, sulphuric acid 33, water 25.4, in 100 pts. Prop. Crystals rhomboidal, rich blue, semi-transparent, efflorescing, inodorous ; taste harsh, styptic, corrosive ; soluble in 4 parts of water, at 60° Oper. Tonic, emetic, astringent, escharotic. Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever; and to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis : externally as a stimulant to ulcers, and to take down fungus. A weak solution is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthalmia, and as an injection in gleets. It formed the base of a very unchemical preparation, Bates' Aqua Campho- rata, which Ware recommends, diluted with 16 parts of water, in the purulent ophthalmia of infants. The following will answer instead of it. R Cupri sulph. gr. iij. mist, camphorae, f 5 v. cola. Dose. Gr. £ to gr. ij. in a pill; gr. ij. to gr. x. in f 5 ij- of water vomits. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates ; soda? subboras ; salts of lead ; acetate of iron ; acetate and superacetate of lead; astrin- gent vegetable infusions and tinctures. Off. Prep. Solutio cupri sulphatis comp. E. Ct'SPARLE CORTEX. L. Bonplandiss Trifoliate Cortex, E. An- gustura Cortex, D. Cusparia, or Angustura Bark. (Cusparia f'ebrifuga. Pcntandria Monogynia, N. O. Quassia, J. South America. *?.) Prop. Odour peculiar ; taste intensely bitter, and slightly aromatic; pieces thin, externally gray, wrinkled; internally yellowish-fawn ; fracture short, resinous. Yields its virtues to water and proof spirit. Oper. Tonic, stimulant, aromatic. Use. In dyspepsia, removing flatulence and acidity; chronic diar- rhoea, dysentery. Incomp. Sulphate of iron and of copper, nitrate of silver, tartarized antimony, acetate and superacetate of lead, muriate of mercury, pure potash, and infusions of galls and yellow cinchona bark. Dose. Gr. v. to gr. xx. in powder. Off. Prep. Infusum Cusparia, L. Tinctura Angustura, D. CYDONI/E SEMINA, L. Quince Seed. (Pyrus Cydonia, Icosan- dria Pentagynia, N. O. Pomacea, L. Rosacea, J. Germany. ^ .) Prop. Shape ovate, angled, ferruginous ; the coriaceous external coat abounds with mucilage, to obtain which only they are used. Ojf. Prep. Decoctum Cydonia, L. DATUR/E STRAMONII HERBA. E. Stramonium herba, D. The herbaceous part of Thorn Apple. (Datura Stramonium, Pentand. Monogyn, N. O. Solanacea, L. Solanea, J. Ameri- ca. 0.) Prop. Odour narcotic; tasto bitter and nauseous ; poisonous. Its virtues are yielded to water and spirit. Oper. Narcotic, antispasmodic; externally sedative. Use. In mania, epilepsy, convulsions, and severe chronic pains. Fomentations of the leaves are useful in discussing hard indolent tumours ; and an ointment made with the powder allays the pain of haemorrhoids. Smoked like tobacco, it relieves the paroxysms of asthma. ., Dose. Gr. j. gradually increased to gr. viij. in twenty htiurs ; o'nd of D (M DEC the inspissated juice gr. ss. to gr. ij. As the activity of the plant depends on the narcotic principle, the effects of an overdose are to be remedied by vinegar, after the stomach has been cleared. Incomp. Salts of lead ; nitrate of silver. DAUCI RADIX. L. Dauci Carotae Radix, E. Dauci Sylvestris Semina, D. Carrot Root and Seed. (Daucus Carota, Pentand. Digyn. N. O- Umbellata. Indigenous. &.) Prop. The root is sweet and mucilaginous ; the seeds have an aro- matic odour, and a moderately warm pungent taste. Oper. Of the root emollient; of the seeds stomachic, carminative, diuretic. The root is externally antiseptic. Use. The root is chiefly employed as a poultice to foetid and ill- conditioned sores. The seeds have very little efficacy in gravel, and other renal affections, for which they have been extolled. Dose. Of the bruised seed 3j. to 3j. DECOCTUM ALTH/E/E OFFICINALIS. E. Decoction of Marsh Mallows. (Rad. Althaa sic. 5'v- Uvarum Pass, demptis acin. 5 ij- Aqua Ovij. Boil to Ov. and decant.) Comp. The clear liquor, which is poured off after the faeces subside, ie a solution of mucilage in water. Prop. Odour peculiar, not unlike that of boiled turnips ; taste sweet- ish ; colour pale yellow ; slightly viscid. Oper. Demulcent, emollient. Use. In nephritis and inflammation of the bladder ; and as a fomenta- tion in abrasions, &c. Dose. Ad libitum. DECOCTUM ALOES COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Decoction of Aloes. (Ext. Glycyrrh. 3 iv. Potassa Subcarb. 3ij. Aloes Spic. Ext. contrit. Myrrha contrita, Croci Stig. sing. 3j. Aqua Oj. Boil to f I xij. and strain, then add Tinct. Card. Comp. f$iv.) Comp. The gummy and extractive matter of the plants dissolved in water, which is enabled, by the alkali, to take up a little of the resin. The tincture keeps it unchanged. Oper. Gently cathartic ; emmenagogue. Use. In habitual costiveness from torpor of the bowels ; jaundice, hy- pochondriasis, and chlorosis. Dose, f ?bs. to f Iij. taken in the morning. DECOCTUM ANTHEMIDIS NOBILIS. E. Decoct. Chama?meli Comp. D. Decoction of Chamomile. (Flor. Anthem. Nob. ?j. E. 3ss. D. Sem. Carui 3iv. E. Sem. Faniculi 3 ij. D. Aqua fbv. E. Oj. D. Boil for 15 minutes, and strain.) Comp. Bitter extractive, and essential oil, dissolved in water. Use. As clyster and fomentation ; but for the latter purpose warm water is equally efficacious. DECOCTUM ARALJ/E NUDICAULIS. U. S. Decoction of False Sarsaparilla. (Aratia Nudicaul. contus. 1 vj. Aq. Oviii. Digest for four hours, and then boil down to four pints; press out and strain the decoction.) Use and Dose. The same as the decoction of sarsaparilla DECOCTUM CINCHON/E. L. Decoct. Cinchona? Lancifolia?, E. Decoct. Corticis Cinchona?, D. Decoction of Cinchona. (Cin- chona Lancifolia Cort. contusi 1]. Aqua Oj. L. D. Ojss. E. Boil for ten minutes in a slightly covered vessel, and strain while hot.) DEC 65 Comp. Cinchonia and resinous extractive dissolved in water. Long boiling oxygenates and precipitates the extractive. Prop. Odour and taste that of the species of bark employed. Oper. The same as that of the bark Use. When the powder does not sit easy on the stomach ; and when large doses are necessary, or ingredients of a nature which cannot be combined with the powder, are required to be given with the bark. Dose, f Ij. to ff iv. three or four times a day. Incomp. Oxymuriatic acid, tartarized antimony, infusion of galls. DECOCTUM COLOMB/E COM' 3SITUM. U. S. Compound de- coction of Columbo. Colomb. c'ontus. Quass. in scobem rasa, aa 3 ij. Aurant. Cort. 3j. Rhei in pulv. 3j. Potass. Carbon. 3ss. Aq.i\xx. Boil to a pint, and add Tine. Lavend. f|ss.) Use. An excellent tonic in convalescence from fevers, &c. Dose, f Iij. thrice a day. DECOCTUM CYDONLE. L. Decoction of Quince Seed. (Cydo- nia Sem. 3 ij. Aqua Oj. Boil over a gentle fire ten minutes, and strain.) Incomp. A solution of mucilage in water. Prop. Inodorous; taste slightly grateful; nearly colourless ; transpa- rent, viscid. Oper. Demulcent. Use. In aphthae, united with borax and honey, or syrup of mulber- ries ; injected beneath the eyelids in violent ophthalmia. Perhaps altogether superfluous, as it does not kee p. Incomp. Acids, which coagulate it. DECOCTUM DAPHNES MEZEREI. E. Decoction of Mezereon. (Cort. Rad. Daphnes Meier. 3 ij. Rad- Glycyrrh. contus. |ss. Aqua Oiij. Boil over a gentle fire to Oij. and strain.) Comp. The acrimony of the mezereon, and the saccharine mucilage of the liquorice root, dissolved in water. Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic, alterative. Use. Jn secondary syphilis, over which, however, it possesses little or no power ; glandular swellings, chronic rheumatism. Dose, f 1 iij. to ? vj. three or four times a day. DECOCTUM DIGITALIS. D. Decoction of Foxglove. (Fol. Di- git-sic. 3j. Aqua q. s.ut colentur f ? viij. Let the liquor begiu to boil over a slow fire, and then remove it. Digest fifteen minutes, and strain.) Prop. Almost inodorous ; taste bitter, nauseous. Opi-r. Diuretic, sedative. Us . In (J'.psy ; and to reduce the frequency and force of the pulse in complaints of increased action. Dose f 3' ij- to f 3 iij- every six hours. Incomp. Sulphate of iron, superacetate of lead, infusion and decoc- tion if follow cinchona bark. DECOCTUM DULCAMAR/E. L. Decoction of Woody Night- shade- (Dulcamara Caulis concisi |j. Aqua Ojss. Boil to Oj and strain ) Prop. Odour strong and unpleasant; taste bitter and nauseous, fol- lowed by a degree of sweetness. Oper. Diuretic, diaphoretic. Use- In dropsy 1 humoral asthma, lepra, and some other diseases of the skin. ,. Dose, f " iv. to f 5 j. with any aromatic tincture, twiceor thrice a day. W> DLL DECOCTUM GEOFFR/E.E INERMIS. E. Decoction of Cab- bage Tree Bark. (Cort. Georf. Inerm. in pulv. ?j., Aq. Oij. Boil over a slow fire to Oj. and strain.) Prop. Odour disagreeable; taste bitter and mucilaginous; colour that of Madeira wine. Oper. Anthelmintic, purgative, narcotic. Use. In worms, in which it has been found very efficacious. JD»se. To children f 3ij. ; to adults f ?ss. to f 5 ij- An overdose, or the drinking cold water during its operation, produces violent vomiting, fever, and delirium. These effects are to be remedied by castor oil, warm water, ancly.cids. DECOCTUM GUAIACI COMPOSITUM. E. Compound De- coction of Gnaiacum, or of the Woods. (Ligni Gvaiaci 3 iij. Fruct. sic- Vitis Vinifera 3'j-i Rad. Lauri Sassafras con. Rad. Glycyrr. con- sing. 5J-, Aqua Ox- Boil the Guaia- cum and Raisins with the water, over a slow fire, to Ov. adding the roots towards the end, then strain-) Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic- Use. In venereal complaints, scrofula, cutaneous diseases, and chro- nic rheumatism. The guaiacum, however, can have little effect, as the resin is insoluble in water. Dose- f 3 iij. to f 3 vi. every three hours, so that Oj. or Oij. may be daily taken. DECOCTUM HORDEI. L- D. Decoct. Hordei Distichi, E. De- coction of Barley- (Hordei Sem. 3 'j-i Aqua Oivss. First wash the barley well, then boil it for a few minutes in Oss. of the wa- ter ; which being strained off, and thrown away, add the remainder boiling; boil to Oij. and strain-) Oper- Nutritive, demulcent. Use- As a diluent in febrile affections; recent gonorrhoea, and stran- gury ; and to form the bulk in clysters. Dose- Ad libitum. DECOCTUM HORDEI COMPOSITUM. L. D. Compound Decoc- tion of Barley- (Decoct- Hord- Oij-, Carica Fruct. concisi 3 ij-, Glycyrr. Rail- concisa et contusa 3 us-, Uvarum Pass, demptis acinis 5 ij- AquaOy Boil to Oij-and strain.) Oper. Use, and Dose. The same as the former: its laxative effect; which may be sometimes hurtful, i. obviated by a few drops of tincture of opium- DECOCTUM LICHENIS. L. Decoct. Lichenis Islandici. E. D. Decoction of Liverwort. (Lichenis 3j- L- Aqua Ojss- L- Boil to Oj- and strain.) Comp. Bitter, extractive, and fecula, dissolved in water- Prop- Inodorous; taste bitter ; mucilaginous; colour yellow. Oper. Tonic, demulcent. Use. In protracted coughs, phthisis, emaciation from the great di*- charge of ulcers, pertussis. Dose- f 3 iv. to f | ij. three or four times a day The bitter is com- pletely extracted by steeping the lichen in eevcrul waters before it is boiled, adding to each water about half a scruple of subcarbo- nate of potash. Its nutritive qualities are considerable. DECOCTUM MALV/E COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Decoc- tion of Mallow. (Malva exsic. %'y, Anthemidis Flor. exsic. * ss., AquaOy Boil for fifteen minuter, and strain-) Gcmp. Bitter extractive, and mucilage in water. Use. For the purpose of clysters and fomentation?\ DEC 67 DECOCTUM PAPAVERIS. L- Decoction of Poppy. (Papav. Somniferi Capsul- concis. jiv., Aqua Oiv. Boil for fifteen mi- nutes, and strain.) Comp. The narcotic principle, and mucilage in water. Prop. Anodyne, emollient. Use. As a fomentation in painful swellings, excoriations arising from the thin acrid discharge of ulcers, and those common to infants. DECOCTUM QUERCUS. L. Decoctum Quercus Roboris, E. Decoction of Oak Bark. (Quercus Cort. iy, Aqua Oij. Boil to a pint, and strain-) Oper. Astringent. Use. As an injection in leucorrhrea, and the gleety discharge which frequently remains after miscarriages; a fomentation in local viti- ated ulcers. DECOCTUM SARSAPARILL/E. L. D. Decoctum Smilacis Sar- saparilla:, E. (Sarsaparilla Rad- concis. 3 lv-i ^Sf • fere- Oiv. Macerate for four hours near the fire, in a slightly covered vessel; then bruise the root, and macerate again for two hours; then boil to Oij. and strain.) Comp. Bitter extractive, and mucilage in water. Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitter; glutinous. Oper. Slightly diaphoretic and tonic; demulcent. Use. In the sequela? of syphilis after a mercurial course. Dose- f 3 iv- to Oss." twice or thrice a day alone, or united with milk. DECOCTUM SARSAPARILL/E COMPOSITUM. L. D. Com- pound Decoction of Sarsaparilla. (Decocti Sarsaparilla -ferv. Oiv., Sassafras Rad. concisa; Guaiaci Ligni Rasi; Glycyrr Rad. cont- sing. Iy, Mczerei Rad. Cort- 3 iij. Boil fifteen mi- nutes, and strain.) Oper. Diaphoretic, alterative Use. The same as the former; in secondary syphilis, chronic rheu- matism, and lepra. Dose, f 3 iv- to Oss. twice or thrice a day. *„* This preparation is similar to the celebrated Lisbon Diet Drink. DECOCTUM SCILL/E. U- S. Decoction of Squill. (Scill- 3 iij. Junip- 3'v- Senega, 3'ij- Aq. (hv. Boil to the consumption of one half the liquor; then strain, and add Spts- /Ether. Nitr. f 3 iv. Oper- Diuretic. Use- Dropsy. Dose, f 3'" to f 5 ij- frequently related. DECOCTUM SENEG/E. L. Df coct. Polygalie Senega?, E. De coction of Senega- (Senega Rod. 3j-i Aqua Oij- Boil to Oj. and strain- Prop. Inodorous ; taste hot and pungent; colour brown olive. Oper. Diuretic, purgativeuitimulant- Use. In dropsy, rheumatism, and " affections of the lungs, attended with debility, and inordinate secretion-" Dose, f 3 jss- to f 3 iij- three or four times a day. DECOCTUM ULMI- L. D. Decoctum Ulmi Campestris, E. De- coction of Elm Bark- (UZmt Cort- recent- contusi 3 'v-t ^oua Oiv. Boil to Oij. and strain.) Prop. Odour faint; taste slightly bitter; colour brown. Oper. Diuretic, alterative. Use. In lepra, and herpetic eruptions- Willan thinks it has little eflicf t?e d o i. Base- £ 3 iv. tolls?, twice or thrice a day. Incomp- Alcohol, and tinctures in any considerable quantity. DECOCTUM VERATRI. L. Decoction of White Hellebore (Veratri Rad. cont. 3j-i Aqua Oij., Spir. Reet-fZiy Boil the Watery Decoction to Oj. and when it is cold, add the Spirit.) De- eoctum Hellebori albi. Oper. Stimulant, acrid, cathartic. Use. The violent operation of vcratrum confines it to external use. This decoction is employed, with benefit, in scabies, tinea capitis, and other foulnesses of the 6kin. It requires to be diluted when the skin is very irritable. DIANTHI CARYOPHILLI FLORES. E. D. Clove Pink, or Gilly- flower. (Decand. Digyn. N. O Caryophyllea, L. J. Italy 4-) Caryophilla rubra. Prop. Odour grateful, similar to that of cloves ; taste bitterish, sub- astringent. Oper. Aromatic. \ Use. Discarded by judicious practitioners. Incomp. Sulphate of iron, alkalies, acids. DIGITALIS FOLIA ET SEMINA. L. Digitalis Purpures? Folia, E. Digitalis Folia, D. Purple Foxglove Leaves. (Digitalis Pur- purea, Didtjnum. Angiospasm. N. O. Lurida, L. Scrofularia, J. Indigenous. C •) Digitalis, herba. Prop. Inodorous; taste acrimonious, bitter, nauseous ; injured by light both in colour and virtues. The leaves should be collected in July Oper. Sedative, diminishing the velocity und force of the pulse, end lessening the irritability; diuretic. In overdoses it occasions vo- miting, purging, dimness of eight, vertigo, delirium, hiccough, con- vulsions, and death. These symptoms of poisoning are obviated by cordials, opium, and blisters. Use. In inflammatory diseases ; phthisis; active haemorrhages; and dropsies, unattended by palsy and unsound viscera; particularly when combined with nitric acid, in dropsies which occur after long and harassing courses of mercury; most useful where there is a laxness of fibre, pale countenance, intermittent, weak pulse, cold skin, and when the swelling pits. This state may be produced by bleeding, saline purges, &c. When nausea occurs, its use must be intermitted for a little time ; but we are not of opinion that purg- ing counteracts its desired effects ; for, although the kidneys may not act so powerfully, yet the absorbents are strongly excited, and the body is unloaded of the morbid fluid by the intestines. Its use jr.ust be followed by a generous diet, and tonics; and, during its employment, diluents are necessary. Dose- Gr. j. to gr. iij. in a pill, united with ammoniacum, Boap, ca- lomel, or opium, every six or eight hours, till the remedy acts by the kidneys, when it must be discontinued ; but it may again be given, after an interval. Ojf. Prep. Decoctum Digitalis, D. Infusum Digitalis, L. E. Tinct. Digitalis, L- E. D- DOLICHl PUBES. L- Dolichi Prurientes Pubes, E. Doliches, Setae Leguminum, D- The stiff hairs of the Dolichos Pods. (Diadclph- Decand- N. O. Papilionacea, L- .'.cguminosa, J. India- > -) Prop. Hairs stiff, brown, short, prurient; inodorous, insipid- Oper. Mechanical anthelmintic- ELE 69 Use. Against lumbrici and ascaride3- The ripe pods are dipped in syrup or molasses, and scraped with a knife, till the syrup is satu- rated. Dose. A tcaspoonful of the prepared syrup; or er. v. to gr. x. of the hairs scraped off, and mixed with syrup, in the morning fasting ; a purgative being interposed once in three days, DRACONTIUM. U. S. Skunk Cabbage. (Dracontium Fatidum. Ictodes Fatidus. Symplocarpus FatiJus. Tetrand. Monogyn. N. O. Piperita, L. Aroidea, J United States. 40 Radix. The root. Prop. Taste acrid and biting; smell rank and disagreeable. Oper. Antispasmodic, expectorant, somewhat analogous in its effects to assafoetida. Use. Has been highly recommended in asthma, and in the forming stage of phthisis pulmonalis- Also Used in hysteria, epilepsy, hooping-cough, and chronic rheumatism- Dose. The powder of the dried root gr. x- to 3 ss. thrice a day. DULCAMAR/ECAULES- L. E. Dulcamara; Stipites Aufumno Collecti, D. Woody Nightshade Twigs. (Solanum Dulcamara, Pentand- Monogyn. N. O. Solanca. Indigenous. *?.) Prop. Dried inodorous; taste bitter, followed by a sweetness. Oper. Diuretic, sudorific. Use. In chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, lepra vulgaris and alphos; scrofula and jaundice. Dose. 3j. to 3j- in powder; in the form of extract gr. v. to gr. x- An overdose produces vomiting and delirium.* Off. Prep. Decoctum Dulcamara. L. ELATERII PEPONES (Bacca.) L. Elaterium, E. Elaterium Fructus, D. Wild Cucumber. (Monoecia Monadelph. N. O. Cucurbitacea. South of Europe. (3.) Cucumis Agrestis, fructus rccens. Prop. Inodorous ; taste scarcely bitter, acrid. Oper. Violently cathartic; hydragoguc- Use- In dropsies: but the extract is generally preferred. Dose- Gr. ss. to gr. j- in a pill. Ojf- Prep. F.itractum F.laterii, h. E. D. ELECTUARIUM CATECHU COMPOSITUM, E. D. Electuary of Catechu. (Ext. Mini- Catechu 3>v-i Eino 3>'j-, Cort. Cin- nam. ; Nucis Myrist. Mosch. sing- 3j-i Opii in Vini Albi His- pani q. ss. diffusi 3 jss., Syr. Rosa Gull, ad Millis spis. Boil 10 lbij. $.) 3 iij- contain gr. j. of opium. Oper- Astringent, cordial- Use. In diarrhoeas from weak bowels; and where an astringent sti- mulant can be applied. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. as a bolus, or dissolved in any fluid. ELF.MI. L- Elemi; Resina, D-Elemi. (Amyris elemifera, Octand. Monogyn. N. O. Dumosa, L. Terebintacea, J. Carolina. ^.) Comp. Resin, volatile oil- Prop. Odour fragrant, strong ; taste bitter. In large solid masses, of a yellow and greenish colour, semi-transparent; fusible, soluble in alcohol, pnrtly also in essential oil. * The effects of Dulcamara are regulated by the soil and tempera- ire of the climate where the plants grow ; the warmer the better. D 3 to t; m p Oper. Stimulant. Use Scarcely ever used internally; but chiefly for forming a plea- sant digestive ointment, for promoting the discharge from blisters, issues, and setons. Ojf. Prep. Unguentirm Elemi Compositum, L- D. EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI. L. E. Ammoniacum Plaster. (Am- moniaci pur. 3 v., Acidi Acetici Oss. After dissolving the Ammo- niacum, the Plaster is formed by evaporating the mixture in an iron vessel in a water-bath, constantly stirring.) Prop. Adhesive. Oper. Stimulant, resolvent. Use. To scrofulous tumours, bronchocele, white swelling. EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM HYDRARGYRO. L. D. Ammoniacum Plaster with Mercury. (Ammoniaci pur. Ibj., Hy- drarg. pur. 3"j-i O/et Sulph. f3j. Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously melted, and mix.) Oper. Resolvent, discutient. Use. To indurated glands, hydarthus, nodes, tophi, bronchocele, and indolent tumours. The mercury is in the state of a protoxide, or with a minimum of oxygen. EMPLASTRUM AROMATICUM. D. Aromatic Plaster. (Thuris- 3 "j-, Cera Flava %8B., Pulv. Cort. Cinnamoni 3vj., Ol. Ess. Pimento ; Ol. Ess. Limonum, sing. 3 ij- Melt the frankincense and wax together, and strain; then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously rubbed with the oils, and form a> plaster.) Oper. Stimulating. Use. Applied over the stomach for pains of that viscus, to allay vo- miting, and expel flatus. It requires to be frequently renewed, being not verv adhesive. EMPLASTRUM ASSAFCGTID/E. E. Assafoetida Plaster. (Emp. Oxidi Plumbi Semivitrei, Gum- Res. Ferula Assafatida, sing. partes duas, Gum. Resina Bubonis Galbani, Cera Flav. sing. partem unam.) Oper. Antispasmodic, anodyne. Use. In flatulence and hysteria, applied over the umbilical region. EMPLASTRUM CALEFACIENS. D. Calefacient Plaster. (Em- plast. Cantharidis partem unam ; Picis Burgund. partes septem. Melt together, and form into a plaster.) Oper. Calefacient, rubefacient, stimulant. Use. In catarrh, pertussis, inflammatory affections of the chest; and EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS. L. Emplast. Cantharidis Ve- Bicatorii, E. Emplast. Cantharidis, D. Plaster of the Spanish or Blistering Fly. (Cantharidis inpulv.sub. Ibj., Emp. Cera Ibjss., Adipis Prap. Ibj. Melt the plaster and lard together, and as the mixture becomes thick in cooling, sprinkle in the flies, and mix.) Oper. Epispastic. Use. In every case where blisters are required. Heat destroys the acrimony of the flies, and, therefore, this plaster fails when incau- tiously prepared. It should bespread on leather, for a plaster, with the thumb, and never with a hot spatula: perhaps the most certain mode of raising blisters would be to sprinkle the finely powdered flies on some farinaceous paste, as suggested by Parmentier. In using this plaster, the part which it is to cover should be bathed E M P 71 with vinegar; and a piece of thin gauze pressed down on the sur- face of the plaster interposed between it and the skin, by which means it is easily and cleanly removed. It requires to remain ap- plied twelve hours, in order to produce a perfect blister. EMPLASTRUM CANTHARIDIS VESICATORII COMPOSI- TUM. E. Compound Plaster of Spanish Flies. (Resina Liq. Pini Laricis partes octodecim ; Resina Concreta P. Abietis ; .Vrtoes Vesicat. sing-partes duodecim ; Cera F. partes quatuor, Subacetatis Cupri partes duos, Sem. Sinapis Alba ; Fruct. Piper. Nig. sing- partem unam- Melt the pitch and wax, then add the turpentine; and as these cool, sprinkle in the other substances in the form of powder, so as to make a plaster.) Emplastrum Ve- sicatorium. Oper. Powerfully stimulant, vesicant. Use- The same as the former; but supposed to be more certain and quicker in producing its effects: hence useful in gout and cramps in the stomach. EMPLASTRUM CER/E. L. Emplastrum Simplex, E. Wax Plaster. (Cera Flava; Seviprep- sing. Ibiij-, Resina Flava Ibj. Melt them together, and strain.) Oper- Irritntive, drawing. Use. Intended for supporting the discharge from a blistered surface ; but, owing to the irritation it induces, now seldom employed. Ojf. Prep. Emplastrum Cantharidis, L. EMPLASTRUM CUMINI. L- Cummin Plaster. (Cumini Sem., Carui Sem., Lauri Bac, sing. 3iij-i Pieis Arida Ibiij., Cera Flava 3 iij- Melt the pitch and wax together, then add the other ingredients.) Oper. Discutient, calefacient, suppurative. Use. Applied to the hypogastric region in flatulence, and a cold feel- ing of the bowels ; to indolent tumours. EMPLASTRUM GALBANI. D. Galbanum Plaster. (Emplast. Lithargyri tbij., Gum. Galbani Ibss., Rament. Cera Flava §iv. Melt the galbanum before adding the plaster and wax, then melt all together.) Oper. Stimulant, suppurative. Use. To strumous tumours; and to induce suppuration in phlegmons, but now rarelv used for the latter purpose. EMPLASTRUM GALBANI COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Plas- ter of Galbanum. (Galbani Gummi Res. pur. 3 viij., Emp. Plumbi Ibiij., Terebinth Vulg. 3x., Abietis Res. cont. 3 iij- Melt the Galbanum and turpentine together, then mix in the resin, and afterwards the plaster, previously melted-) Emplastrum Li- thargyri Compositum- Oper- Stimulant, suppurative, digestive. Use. To scrofulous tumours ; old arthritic joints; and to the lumbar regions in rickets. For the purposes of a digestive in discharged abscesses, when induration remains. EMPLASTRUM GUMMOSUM. E. Gum Plaster. (Emp. Oxidi Plumbi Semivit. partes octo ; Gummi Res. Ammoniaci ; Gummi Res. Bubonis Galbani; Cera Flava sing, partem unam.) Oper- and Use. The same as the two former. Ojf. Prep. Emplastrum Saponis, E. EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI {pratoxidi-) L- E- Mercurial Plaster- (Hydrarg. pur-pond- 3»j-i Ol. Sulphureti (l>y, Em- ■ plant. Plumbi Ibj- Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules EMP disappear, then add the plaster.) Emplast rum Lythargyri cum Hydnirgyro. Oper- Stimulant, resolvent, discutient. Use- To buboes and venereai tumours ; nodes, when not painful to • the touch; and indurations; and to joints affected with syphilitic pains. EMPLASTRUM OXIDI FERRI RUBRI- E- Plaster of Red Oxyd of Iron. (Emplast. Oxidi, Plumbi Semivit. partes xxiv., Re- sina Pini partes sex, Cera Fl., Olei Oliv. sing, partes tres, Oxidi Fcrri RuM-i partes octo.' Rub the red oxyd of iron with the oil, and add the other ingredients melted-) Emplastrum Ro- borans- Oper- Strengthening, stimulant- Use. In muscular relaxations; and in weakness of the joints after sprains. It acts chiefly in giving a mechanical support, by its stiff- ness and adhesive quality. EMPLASTRUM OPII. L. Opium Plaster. (Opii dur. cont. 1 ft. Abietis Resina cont. %'iiy, Emplast. Plumbiiby The plaster and resin being melted together, add the opium.) Oper- Anodyne 1 stimulant- Use- Against internal pains. Although it is undoubtedly certain that opium, in that state of minute division in which it exists in the tincture, produces its specific effect on the system in a small degree, when externally applied; yet we doubt whether the effects of this plaster will sanction the adoption of it by the London Col- lege. EMPLASTRUM PICIS COMPOSITUM. L- Compound Pitch Plas- ter. (Picis Arida Ibij., Abietis Resina Ibj-, Resina Flava, Cera sing- 3'v-i Myristica Olei express/ 3j- To the pitch, resin, and wax melted together, add the other matters, and mix.) Oper. Stimulant, rubefacient. Use. In catarrh, and other pulmonary affections, applied to the chest; and to the temples in pains of the head, and chronic ophthalmia. Wiicn any serous exudation takes place, the plaster should be fre- quenrU renewed. EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI, (Oxydi?) L-Emp. Oxidi Plumbi semi- vilrei, E. Emp. Lithargyri, D. Plaster of Lead, or Oxyd of Load. (Plumbi Oxidi Semivit- in pulv- sub- trit- Ibv., Oliva Ol- i Congium, Aqua Oij. Boil together of er a slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and oxide of lead cohere.) Emplastrum Lithargyri- Comp. Oxyd of lead, and the oil changed so as to approximate to the nature of" volatile oil- The water is evaporated. Oper. Defensive, slightly adhesive. Use. In excoriations ; as a defence to slight wounds, and to retain their edges together ; as a covering to corns; and to form the basis of some other plasters. Off. Prtp. Emplast. Hydrargyri, L. E. Emplast. Opii, L- Em- plast- Assafatida, E- Emplast- Gummosum, E. Emplast. Galbani, D. Emp- Galbani Comp- L. Emp- Oxidi Ferri Rubri, E. Emp. Resina, L. E- D- Emp. Saponis, L- E. D. Emplast. Thuris, D. EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI SUBCARBONATIS COMPOSITUM. U. S. Compound Plaster of the Subcarbonate of Lead- (Plumb- Subcarbon- Ibj. 01- Oliv- Oij. Cera Flav. 3 >v- Emplas- Plumb. fciss. Irid. Florent. in pulv- 3 ix- Boil the oil and lead together E N E 73 111 u wafer bath, continually stirring-, until they are thoroughly in- corporated ; then add the wax anil plaster; and when these are melted, sprinkle in the powdered orris, carefully stirring the whole.) EMPLASTRUM RESIN/E- L. Emplast. Resinosum, E. Em- plast. Lithargyri cum Resina, D. Resin Plaster. (Resina Flava ibss., Emplastri Plumbi lb iij. Melt the plaster with a gentle heat, then add the resin, and mix.) Emplastrum Lithargyri cum Resina. Oper- Defensive, adhesive, slightly stimulant. Use- Li retaining the lips of recent wounds together, that they may Ileal by the first intention; and to give support to ulcerated parts, to assist their granulation, without rest, according to Mr- Bayn- ton's excellent mode of curing sore legs. The plaster originally prepared by that gentleman contained less resin ; 3 vj. only to Ibj- of the litharge plaster. This preparation, however, answers the purpose equally well, except in very irritable habits. EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. L. D. Emplnst. Saponaccum, E- Soap Plaster. (Saponis Duriconcisi Ibss., Emplast- Plumbi fbiij. Mix the soap with the melted plaster; and boil to a proper consist- ence.) Oper. Mildly discuiient. Lse. Applied to lymphatic tumours; and used with the same views as the mercurial plaster, but with much less effect. EMPLASTRUM THUR1S. D. Frankincense Plaster. (Emplast. Lithargyri Ibij-, Thuris Ibss., Oxydi Ferri Rubri 5 iij-) Oper. and Use- The same as the Plaster of red oxide of iron- EMULSIO ACACI/E ARABIC/E. E- Emulsio Arabica, D- Gum Arabic Emulsion. (Nucleor. Amygd. Com. 3j-i Aqua Ibijss-, Mucilaginis Mim- Nilot. 3 ij., Sacch. 3 iv. While beating the decorticated Almonds with the sugar and water, add the mucilage.) Prop. Inodorous ; taste sweet, soft, mucilaginous ; like milk. Oper. Diluent, demulcent. Use. In febrile and inflammatory complaints, particularly thoBe of the kidneys and urethra; as calculus, gonorrha?a, and strangury from the absorption of the ecrid matter of Spanish Flies, or any other causes- A vehicle for other medicines. Dose. OVs. or more, ad libitum. Incomp. Acids, oxymel, and syrup of squills, spirits, tinctures, tar- trate and supertartrate of potash, oxymuriate of mercury, and spi- rit of nitric aether. EMULSIO CAMPHOR/E-E. Camphor Emulsion- (Camphora 3j-, Nuc- Amygd. Com. decort; Sacch- pur-sing. 3iv., Aqua ivy) Emulsio Camphorata. Comp. Camphor mechanically suspended in emulsion; it separates in the course of a few days, and swims upon the surface of the mix- ture. Oper. The same as camphor: and, consequently, this is only a con- venient form of giving the remedy, as it proves always less nau- Beous when given in the liquid form. Dose- f 5bs- to f 3U- several times a day. ENEMA CATHART1CUM. D- Purging Clyster- (Manna 3j-, Decocti Chamameli Comp. fix., Ol-Oliva %'y, Sulph. Magnesia 3»»0 Use- This is a good, gently stimulating, and emollient glyster; but it 74 EXT does not possess any peculiar advantage over those which are every day ordered in extemporaneous prescriptions. ENEMA FClT'IDUM. D. Foetid Clyster. (TAe former, with the aduttion of 3 ij. of the Tincture of Assafcetida.) Oper. Antispasmouic, anodyne. 'Use- In hysteria; spasmodic colic; the convulsions of infants ; and for allaying tlie irritation produced by uscaridesin the rectum. ERVNGU RADIX. D. Eryngo Root. (Eryngium Maritimum, Sea Li)iigo, or Holiy. Pentand. Monogyn- N. O. Umbellata- Europe. 40 Prop- Odour slightly aromatic; taste sweetish, warm. Oper. Diuretic, expectorant; but its powers are so weak that it is scarcely ever used. EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. V- S. Thoroughwort. (Syngr- nes. Polygam- S. O. Composit- Viscoide.a,h. Corymbifera J. North America. 4-) Herba. The herb. Prop. Intensely bitter, with a very slight astringency, but no acri- mony. Oper. Tonic, sudorific, emetic, cathartic ; according to the doee and mode of exhibition. Use. Much esteemed in the treatment of intermittents, given in pow- der or the cold infusion ; aiso in continued fevers and inflammatory diseaseB, given in warm infusion to produce vomiting or purging, according to circumstances. The tincture forms an excellent tonic. Dose- As a tonic 3j. to 3 j. of the powdered leaves three or four times a day; as a sudorific f'3j-to fjij. of the warm infusion e\ery one or two hours ; as an emetic and cathartic f 3 ij- to f 3 iv. of the warm infusion repeated at short intervals. Ojf. Prep. Infim. Eupatorii, U. S. EUPATORIUM TEL'CRIFOLIUM. U. S. Wild horehound. Herba. The herb. Oper- Analogous to the Eupatorium perfoliatum 1 EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. V. S. Large flowering Bpurge. Radix. The root. Prop, and Dose- Similar to the Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. Perhaps it is a more acrid cathartic than it ? EUPHORBIA IPECACUANHA. U- S. Ipecacuanha spurge. (Dodecand- Trigyn.'S.O. Tricocca, L. Euphorbia, J. United States. 40 Radix. The root. Comp. Caoutchouc, resin, mucus, and probably faecula. Prop. Taste sweetish, and not unpleasant. Oper. S>ud to possess similar properties to the ordinary ipecacuanha, and to be inferior to it in no respect, excepting that it is more violent in its operation when overdosed, and possesses more cathartic power than it. Dose. To produce vomiting gr. x. to gr. xv. of the powder. EUPHORBI/E GUMMl-REMNA. L. Euphorbium- (Euphor- bia Ofncinarura, Dodecand. Trigynia, N. O. Tricocca, L. Eu- phorbia, J. Africa. 4-L Comp. 37 0 resin, 19.0 wadj 20. 5 malate of lime, 2.0 malate of potash, 5.0 water, and 13.5 woody matter and loss. Prop. Inodorous; taste, when chewed, nauseous, burning; tears about the size of a large pea, dry, friable, externally yellow, but paler within. Spec grav. 1.129, partially soluble in alcohol; less so in water. E X T Oper. Errhinc. Use. Diluted with starch, or any mild powder, it is snuffed up the nostrils in amaurosis, lethargy, chronic ophthalmia, and all cases where a copious discharge is required from the pituitary mem- brane. EXTRACTUM CACUMINUM ABSYNTHI1. D. Extract of Worm- wood. (A decoction defecated and evaporated.) # Prop. Inodorous, the flavour being dissipated with the essential oil; taste bitter. Oper- Tonic. Use. In the same cases for which bitters are generally employed. Dose- Gr- x. to 3 j. in pills twice or thrice a day. EXTRACTUM ACONITE L. Extract of Aconite. (The expressed juice inspissated without defecation.) Prop Odour disagreeable; taste acrid, slightly styptic; colour ob- scure green, brownish red. It loses its virtues when long kept. Oper. Narcotic, diuretic. Use. In obstinate chronic rheumatisms and agues; glandular swell- ings ; convulsions; and chronic uterine haemorrhages. Dose- Gr- j- night and morning, gradually increased to gr- vj. in the form of pills. EXTRACTUM ALOES PURIFICATUM. L. Extract of Aloes- (The gummy part extracted by boiling water, defecated, and in- spissated.) Prop. Almost inodorous; taste bitter, but less unpleasant than the aloes. Oper. Cathartic, emmenagogue. Use- In the same cases for which the gum-resin is employed. Dose- Or- v. to gr- xv. in pills. Ojf. Prep. Pulv- Aloes Compositus, L- Pilula Aloes Comp.. L- Pilula VHoes cum Myrrha, L- EXTRACTUM ANTHEMIDIS. L. Ext. Anthemidis Nobilis, E. Extractum Flornm Chamaemeli, D-Extract of Chamomile- (The volatile oil is dissipated in this preparation-) Extractum Chama- mcli- Prop. Almost inodorous ; taste a pure grateful bitter; colour dark brown. dpi r. Tonic, stomachic. Use. In dyspepsia, chlorosis, and general debility. Dose- Gr. x. to gr. xx. in pills, twice or thrice a dav- EXTRACTUM BELLADONN/E. L. Succus Spissatus Atropa- Belladonna?, E- Extract of Belladonna- (An expressed juice in- 8pissutcd0 Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitterish. Opir. The same as that of the plant, but much weaker ; and it is, therefore, used in the same cases- Dose. Or. j, gradually increased togr. v. in pills. EXTRACTUM CASCARILL/E RESINOSUM. D- Resinous Ex- tract cf Cascarilla. (Cort- Cascarilla in pulv. crass. Ibj., Spir. Vin. Rect. Oiv. Digest for four days, then decant and strain ; boil the residuum in ten pints of water to two, filter and evaporate the riccociion, and distil the tincture in a retort, till both are thickened ; then mix and evaporate them to a pilular consistence.) Prop. Inodorous, the essential oil being dissipated; taste simply bitter. Oper. Tonic, stomachic. 76 EXT Use- In dyspepsia, diarrhoea, &c, but less efficacious than the bark in substance- Dose- Gr. \. to gr- xx- or more, in pills- EXTR ACTUM CiNCHON/E. L- D- E- Extract of Bark- (A de- roc'ion evaporated.) Prop. Odour swee ish; taste bitter, but less austere than the bark:. fracture rough, dull; colour deep brown. Oper. The same as the bark in substance; and consequently it is useJ in the same cases; but with much less certainty of effect, owing to the chemical change produced on the drug during the boiling. The active principle of the bark absorbing oxygen when boiled in water, it is precipitated and rendered inert; hence, al- though this principle is in a great degree soluble in water, yet, by the long boiling which is ordered for preparing the decoction for mn king the extract, a great part of it is destroyed. Dose. Gr- x. to 3 ss. dissolved in any distilled water. Formerly the dose of gr. x. was supposed to be equivalent to 3 ss. of the bark powdered ; but Sir John Pringle's experiments first showed that this opinion was unfounded; and the chemical analysis of the bark proves that the reverse is nearer the truth. It is kept both in a hard and soft state. EXTRACTUM CINCHON/E RESINOSUM. L. Ext. Cinchona? Lancifoliae, E. Extract. Cinchona? Rubra? Resinosum, D. Re- sinous Extract of Bark. (An Aqua-Spiritous Extract, containing both the extractive and resin of the bark.) Extractum Cinchona Resina. Prop. Taste bitter, with the austereness of .the bark; fracture resin- ous ; the Dublin extract more so, being red bark. Oper. The same as the bark in substance. Use. In ague, and every complaint for which bark is used. This is altogether a preferable preparation to the watery extract; the rec- tified spirit contains water enough to enable it to take up all the active principles of the drug, less heat is required to evaporate the menstruum, and, owing to the presence of the alcohol, the extract • absorbs less oxygen. The expense of the spirit is the greatest ob- jection to it. It is more grateful to the stomach than the other. Dose. Gr. x- to gr. xxx. in pills, or dissolved in some distilled EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS. L. Extract of Colocynth. (A gummy extract, about 3i'j-) obtained by water from 3 v"j- of the pulp.) Oper. Cathartic, and mild in its operation, as it is not apt to occasion gripin^s. Use. For evacuating the bowels ; and as an adjunct to other purga- tives- Dose Gr- v.to 3 ss. in pills «t bedtime- EXTRACTUM r-OLOCYNTHIDI? COMPOSITUM. L D. Com- p.) ind Extrac- .f O»locynth. (Odlocynth Pulpa con. 3 vj., Aloes Spic- Ext-contriti 3 jss.,-Scam/aon. (iummi-Res- cont. rss., Car- da lomi Sem- contrit- 3j., fVati.r Oij. Macerate the pulp in the spirit at a gentle heat for four days, strain, add the Aloes and Scammony; then distil off the spirit, and mix in the Cardamom seeds.) Oper. Cathartic, stimulant. Use. In obstinate visceral obstructions : habitual costiveness in leu- cophlegmatic habits : dropsies : worrm.. EXT 77 Dose. Gr. vj. to 3 ss. in pills. EXTRACTUM CONII. L. Succus Spissatus Conii Maculati, E. Succus Spissatus Cieutas, D. Extract of Hemlock. (An expressed juice inspissated without defecation-) Extractum Succus Licuta Spissatus. Prop. Odour foetid; taste bitterish and saline; colour dark olive; it loses its virtues when kept, and a saline efflorescence appears on its surface. Oper. Narcotic, alterative, resolvent. Usi-. In scrofula, schirruS, and cancer, particularly for allaying the pain of uterine cancer, without producing costiveness, as opium does : a useful addition to mercurial salts in cutaneous complaints. Dose- Gr. iij. gradually increased to 3j. twice or thrice a day.* EXTRACTUM ELATERII. L. Elaterium, D. Extract of Elaterium. (The fcecula of the expressed juice.) Oper. Violently cathartic, hydragogue, sometimes emetic. Use. In ascites, when other remedies have failed ; and in very obsti- nate costiveness. Dose. Gr. ss. made into a pill, with extract of gentian, every hour or two, till it operate ; and this repeated every third day, till a cure be effected. EXTRACTUM CACUMINUM GENIST/E. D. Extract of Broom Tops. (The Spartium Scopariuin.) Oper. Diuretic, stomachic. Use. In dropsies, but seldom employed. Dose. 3 ss. to 3j. in pills. EXTRACTUM GENTIAN/E. L. Ext. Gentiana? Luteae, E. Ext. Radicis Gentianae, D- Extract of Gentian. (The evaporated de- coction.) Prop. Inodorous, intensely bitter, black, shining, tenacious. Opir. Tonic, stomachic, in large doM s aperient. Use. In dyspepsia, jaundice, &c, but it is chiefly used as a medium for giving the metallic oxides in the form of pills. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. twice orthrice a day. Ojf. Prep. Pilula Aloes Comp. L. EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZ/E. L. D. Extract of Liquorice. (The evaporated decoction.) Prop. Almost inodorous ; taste sweet, mucilaginous ; brittle. Oper. Demulcent. Use. In the tickling cough of catarrh it is perhaps the most useful of the demulcents, as it hangs about and sheaths the fauces. Dose. 3j. to 3 ij. ad libitum. Ojf. Prep. Pilula Opiata, E. Pilula Scillitica, E. Trochisci Glycyrrhiza Glabra, E. Trochisci Olycyrrhiiacum Opio, E. EXTRACTUM H/EMATOXYLI. L. Ext. Hamatoxyli Campe- chiani, E. Ext. Scobis Haematoxyli, D. Extract of Logwood. (The evapqrated decoction.) Prop. Almost inodorous; taste sweet, austere; colour a deep reddish purple; soon hardens and becomes brittle. Oper. Astringent. * Impotentium virilem, says Bergius, sub usu Conii euratam ob- servavi, in viro quodam plusquam quadragenario, qui omnem erec- tionem penis perdiderat, postinde tamen plures liberos procreavit. Mat. Med- vol- i-195. EXT Use. In diarrhoeas, the protracted stage of dysentery, and internal haemorrhages. It may be given clysterwise in solution. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. in pills, or dissolved in cinnamon water. EXTRACTUM RADICIS HELLEBORI NICRI. E. D. Extract of Black Hellebore Root. (The evaporated decoction.) F.rtrac- tum Hellcbori Nigri. Prop. Taste bitterish, nauseous, acrid. Oper. In large doses cathartic; in smaller diuretic, resolvent, emme- nagogue. Use. As a purgative in mania, melancholia, dropsy, and worms ; an alterative in scabies ; and in chlorosis ; but it is not superior to aloes. This extract forms the basis of Bachers' hydragogue pills, with an equal quantity of myrrh, and a sixth part of carduus benedictus, beat up, and divided into one grain pills ; 3, or 4, or 6, of which are given three or four times a day, according to the strength of the con- stitution. Dose. As a cathartic, gr. x. to 3j.: as an emmenagogue, &c. gr. iij. to gr. x. EXTRACTUM HUMULI. L. Extract of Hops. (The evaporated decoction.) Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitter, with the peculiar flavour of the hop. Oper. Tonic, anodyne ? diuretic. Use. In gout; dyspepsia; and mania, to procure rest; but its virtues are very doubtful. Dose. Gr. v. to 3 j. in pills. EXTRACTUM HYOSCIAMI. L. Succus Spissatus Hyosciami Nigri, E. Succ. Spiss. Hyosciami, D. Extract of Henbane. (The expressed juice inspissated without defecation.) Prop. Odour slightly foetid ; taste nauseous, bitterish, sub-saline. Oper. Narcotic. Use. In nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, chordees, obstinate ul- cerations ; and whenever it is required to allay pain, and avoid the costiveness which opium is apt to induce. Dose. Gr. v. to 3j. It has been increased to the extent of 3j. twice a day. EXTRACTUM JALAP/E- L. Ext. Convolvuli Jalaps?, E. Ext. -lalapa?, D. Extract of Jalap. (A spiritous tincture distilled, and an aqueous decoction evaporated, and the remains mixed toge- ther, kept both soft and hard.) Extractum Jalapi- Oper. Cathartic, hydragogue. Use. In costiveness, worms, dropsy, generally combined with soap or calomel. Dose- Gr. x- to 3j. in pills. To children the hard extract is given, triturated with sugar or testaceous powders Ojf. Prep. Pulv- Scammonea Comp. L- EXTRACTUM JALAP/E RESINOSUM. D. Resinous Extract of Jalap. (Prepared as the Extractum Cascarilla?.) Oper. Cathartic, irritative- Use. In the same cases as the former; but it occasions violent gri- pings, unless triturated with sugar and almonds, or mucilage, into an emulsion. EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS. U. S. Extract of Butternut. (Ex Juglande conscissa. A strained decoction evaporated.) Oper. Purgative. Has been recommended in cases where jalap is usually employed. Dose- Gr- x- to 3 ss. made into pills. EXT 79 EXTRACTUM LACTUC/E. L. Extract of Lettuce. (R the leaves of fresh lettuce Ibj.; beat them in a stone mortar, sprinkling them with water; then express the juice, and evaporate it without allowing it to subside, until it acquire a proper degree of consis- tence.) Prop- Odour narcotic like opium; taste bitter. Oper. Narcotic, diaphoretic. Use- In the same coses as opium- Dose. From et- iij. to gr. x. in form of pills. EXTRACTUM OPII- L. Ext- Opii Aquosum, D. Extract of Opium- (A watery solution, defecated and evaporated.) F.xtractum The- baicum. Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter; colour black ; dissolved in water; it is not precipitated by alcohol. Oper. Narcotic, anodyne, sedative, antispasmodic, with less subse- quent derangement of the nervous system than crude opium occa- sions. Use. In all cases in which opium is useful; and better fitted for chil- dren and very irritable habits. Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. v. in pills. Incomp. Solutions of astringent vegetables, carbonate of potash, mu- riate of mercury, sulphate of copper, sulphate of zinc, acetate of lead, nitrate of silver, all of which precipitate this extract from its solution altered in its nature- Ojf. Prep. Syrupus Opii, D. EXTRACTUM PAPAVERIS- L. Ext. Papaveris Somniferi, E. Extract of White Poppy. (The decoction evaporated.) Extractum Papaveris Albi. Oper. Narcotic, anodyne ; without producing so generally delirium, headach, or nausea, as opium and its extract produce. Use. As this extract possesses nearly the same virtues as opium, only in a weaker degree, so it is employed in the tame instances. It is to be preferred when the head is much affected. Dose. Gr. ij. to 3j. in form of pills. Incomp. As under Extractum Opii. EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI. U. S- Extract of May apple. (Pre- pared in the same way as Extract of Jalap.) Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. in pills. EXTRACTUM QUASSI/E. U. S. Extract of Quassia. (A strained decoction evaporated.) Oper- Tonic. Dose. Gr. v. to 3j. EXTRACTUM CORTICIS QUERCUS. D- Extractof Oak Bark- (The decoction evaporated.) Oper. Astringent, tonic Use. Inalvine ha'inorrhages and immoderate fluxes. EXTRACTUM RHEI. L. Extract of Rhubarb. (A decoction defecated and evaporated.) Oper. Purgative and stomachic; but as the extractive matter at- tracts oxygen in the humid state, and particularly when heated, much of the virtue of the medicine is destroyed in this prepara- tion. Use. In the same case for which the powdered root is employed ; but chiefly " as a basis for pills to which more active matters are to be added." Dose. Gr.x. to 3 ss. in pills, or dissolved in peppermint water. SO F E ft EXTRACTUM RUT/E GRAVEOLENTIS. E. Ext. Folioruni Rutae, D- Extract of Rue. (A decoction evaporated.) Extrac- tum Ruta. Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter, acrid. Oper. Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue 1 Use. The active principle on which the stimulant and antispasmodic operation of rue depends, is its essential oil, which is dissipated in this preparation. As a bitter, it is inferior to the extract of chamo- mile flowers. Dose- Gr- x. to 3j. in pills- EXTRACTUM FOLIORUM SABIN/E. D. Extract of Savine (A decoction evaporated.) Use. As in the rue extract, so in this preparation, much of the virtue of the plant is dissipated with the essential oil; and a simple acrid bitter remains, applicable to cases which require bitters. Dose- Gr. x. to 3 ss. in pills. EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILL/E. L. Extract of Sarsaparilla- (A strained decoction evaporated.) Oper. The same as the powder of the root, to the decoction of which this extract is added, "To render it stronger and more efficacious." Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j- in pills, or dissolved in the decoction. EXTRACTUM STRAMONII. L. Extract of Stramonium. (R the seeds of stramonium Ibj., boiling water one gallon. Macerate for four hours in a vessel slightly covered near the fire ; then take them out, and bruise them in a stone mortar, and return them again to the fluid when they are bruised. Then boil the liquor down to four pints, and strain it while it is hot. Finally, evaporate it to a proper thickness.) Prop. Odour narcotic; taste bitter. Use. In asthma and other spasmodic affections. Dose. From gr. ij. to gr. x.,-in the form of pill, twice or thrice a day. EXTRACTUM TARAXACI. L. Ext- Herba? et Radicis Taraxaci, D- Extract of Dandelion. (A strained decoction evaporated.) Prop Inodorous ; taste bitter, mucilaginous. Oper. Deobstruent, laxative, diuretic. Use. In jaundice, chronic inflammation, and incipient scirrhus of the liver, chronic derangements of the stomach, hypochondriasis, and dropsy. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. united with sulphate of potash. EXTRACTUM VALERIAN/E. D. Extract of Valerian. (An ex- pressed decoction evaporated.) This preparation is liable to the same objections as the extracts of run and savine, as its anti-hysterical virtues are lost with the essential oil, in preparing it. Dose. Gr. x- to 3 j. in pills. FARINA. L. E. Triticum Estivum; Farina, D. Flour. (Vide Amylum.) Comp. Gluten, sugar, starch,albumen, gum, phosphate of lime. Use. The introduction of Flour into the Pharmacopoeias seems to be unnecessary, as it is scarcely ever used in the state of flour, except to parts affected with erysipelatous inflammations; bread is used in making cataplasms; and sometimes in forming pills. FERRI PRUSSIAS. U- S- Prussiate of Iron. Prussian blue Comp. "Prussic acid 35.1, red oxide of iron 53, water 11.9. F E R 81 Prop. Of a blue colour, insipid, inodorous, insoluble in water and al- cohol, decomposed by solutions of potass, soda, lime, barytes, and stron tites. Oper. Tonic. Use. Intermittents, scrofula, chorea, epilepsy, &x. Dose. Gr. iij. to gr. viij. in syrup thrice a day. FERRUM. L. E. D. Iron. (Ramenta et Fila; Scobs.) Prop. Colour blucish gray; texture fibrous; fracture brilliant and fine grained ; sp- grav. 7.6 to 7-8; hard, ductile, malleable, magne- tic. Oper- Tonic, deobstruent; anthelmintic; producing foetid eructations when it takes effect, owing to its meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxydizes it, and evolves hydrogen gas. Use. In general debility, dyspepsia, hysteria, chlorosis, worms, and in passive haemorrhages. It can prove useful only when it is ox- ydized, which is known by the eructations, and black faeces. Dose- Of the filings, gr- v. to 3j. with some aromatic powder; or in the form of electuary with honey ; or pills with extract of gentian. Ojf. Prep. Ferri Limatura Purificata, E. Ferri Acetas, D. Ferri Carbonas, E. D- Ferri Sulphas, L. E- D. Ferrum Tartariza- tum, L- Tinct- Acetatis Ferri, D. Liquor Ferri Alkalini, L- Vinum Ferri, L. D. Oxydum Ferri Rubrum, D. Ferri Oxydum Nigrum, E- D- FERRUM AMMONIATUM. L- Murias Ammonia et Ferri, E. D- Aramoniated Iron. Ferrum Ammoniacale- Comp. Submuriate of ammonia, red muriate of iron. Prop. Odour resembling saffron ; taste styptic; deliquescent, soluble in alcohol. Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue, aperient, attenuant. Use. Ill epilepsy, hysteria, chlorosis, scrofula, rickets, and mesenteric obstructions; sometimes in cancer. Dose. Gr. iij. to gr- xv. twice or thrice a day, in pills, with extract of g-mtian. Off. Prep. Tinct. Ferri Ammoniaci, L. FERRI SUBCARBONAS. L- D. Carbonas Ferri Praecipitatus, E. Carbonas Ferri, D- Subcarbonate of Iron. (Precipitated from Sulphate of Iron by Subcarbonate of Soda-) Ferri Rubigo. Comp. Red oxyd of iron, carbonic acid- Prop. Inodorous; taste styptic ; colour reddish-brown- Oper- Tonic, emmenagogue, attenuant. Use- This is the state in which iron is generally found in chalybeate waters, except that it is held in solution by an excess of carbonic acid- It is advantageously employed in tic douloureux, dyspepsia, chlorosis, and lately has been mucb recommended in cancer- Dose. Gr- iv. to gr. ix- united with myrrh, bitter extracts, or some aromatic Ojf- Prep- Tartarum Ferri, D- Tinct- Ferri Muriatis, L- D- Ferrum Ammoniatum, L- FERRI SULPHAS. L. Sulphas Ferri, E. D- Sulphate of Iron- (A protoxide, or at the minimum of oxydation.) Ferrum Vitrio- latum. Comp- Oxyd of iron 23.3, sulphuric acid 26-7, water of crystalliza- tion 45 parte, in 100 of the crystallized salt- Prey. Inodorous • taste strong, styptic; crystals light green, transpa- F. F CE X rent rhomboidal prisms ; soluble in two parts water: effloresces in the air. Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue: anthelmiptic ; in large doses emetic. Use. In diseases of general debility, amenorrhea, with a weak lan- guid pulse ; diabetes; in clysters against ascarides. Dose. Gr. j. to gr. v. combined with myrrh, ammoniacum, and bitter extracts. Incomp. The earths, murias baryta?, alkalies and their carbonates, boras soda?, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi. Off. Prep. Sulphas Ferri Exsiccatua, E. Pilula Ferri cum Myrrha, L. FERRI RUBIGO. D. Subcarbonas Ferri PncparatuB, E- Rust or Carbonate of Iron. (A protoxide, oxydized by the decomposition of water, and the acid attracted from the a r.) Comp. Brown oxyd of iron, carbonic acid. Prop. Inodorous ; taste styptic ; reddish-brown ; pulverulent. Oper- Tonic, aperient Use- In debility, &c Cullen was of opinion that the simple rust was equal to the other preparations of iron ; and that the stomach bore it better. Dose- Gr. v. to 3 ss. united with pulvis cinnamomi composi- tes, L. FERRUM TARTARIZATUM. L. Tartras Potassae et Ferri, E. Tartarum Ferri, D. Tartarized Iron. (Ferri Ibj., Potassa super- tart- fci., Aqua Oj. Rub them together, and expose to the air in a flat glass vessel for eight days ; then dry, and reduce to a fine pow- der- Add a pint of water to the powder, and place it aside for eight days; then dry it and pulverize-) Comp- Tartrate of iron, tartrate of potash- Prop- Inodorous; taste styptic; very soluble in water- Oper- Tonic, deobstruent. Use. This is one of the mildest of the salts of iron; and so palatable, that children may be easily persuaded to take it. In scrofulous tu- mours, weakened bowels, &c. Dose- Gr. x. to 3 ss- in powder, or bolus, mixed with any aromatic, or with columbo. fncomp. Potassa? sulphuretum, infusions of oak bark, galls, or other astringent vegetables- FILICIS RADIX. L. Aspidii Filicis Maris Radix, E. Filix Mas. Radix, D. Male Fern Root. (Aspidiun. Filix Mas. Crvptoga- mia Filices,ti. O- Filices. Indigenous. 40 Prop. Odour weak; taste sweet, mucilaginous; slightly bitter and austere. Oper. Anthelmintic? Use. In taenea lata, and cucurbitina; but perhaps more is to be attri- buted to the active purgatives with which it is generally followed. A much more active remedy ha6 lately been suggested. Vide Ol- Terebintkina- Dose- 3 ij- to 3 iij. of the solid part of the powdered root, taken in the morning, and soon after it a strong cathartic of gamboge or jalap, worked off with green tea. This was Madame Nouffer's celebrated remedy. FtENICULI SEMINA. L- E. Foeniculum Duke; Scmina, D. Fennel Seed. (For class and order vide Anethi Semina-) Prop- Odour aromatic: taste warm, sweetieh: fruit ovate. GEN 83 Oper. Carminative, diuretic,. Use. In flatulencies. Dose- 3j. to 3 j-bruised. FRASERA. U.S. AmericanColumbo- (Frasera Walteri, TetranU- Monogyn- N.O. Gentian a, J. United States- <$ •) Radix. Prop. Bitter without aroma. Oper. Tonic Dose- Gr. x. to 3j. twice or thrice a day. FUCUS. L. Quercus Marina; Herba Fructibus Praesentibus, D- Bladder Fucus. (Fucus Vesiculosus, Cryptogamia Alga, N. O. Alga. British Shores.) Oper. Vide Pulvis Quercus Marina?, D. GALBANI GUMMI-RESINA. L. D. Bubonis Galbani Gummi Resina, E. Galbanum Gum-Resin. (Bubon Galbanum, Pentan- dria Digyn. N. O- Umbellata. Cape of Good Hope. ^ .) Gal- banum. Comp. Resin, gummy extractive, essential oil. Prop. Odour foetid ; taste bitter, acrid ; the agglutinated tears of a white colour, in a ground of reddish-brown : forms an emulsion when triturated with water; soluble in proof spirit, wine, and vine- gar. Sp. grav. 1.212. Oper- Internally antispasmodic, deobstruent, expectorant; externally resolvent, discutient. Use. In hysteria, particularly that which attends irregular and defi- cient menstruation ; chlorosis; externally to indolent tumours. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. in pills, or emulsion. Ojf- Prep. Pilula Galbani Comp. L. Pilula Myrrha Comp. D. Pilula Assafatida Comp. E. Tinct. Galbani, D. Emplast.. Galbani, D. Empl. Assafatida, B, Empl. Gummosum, E- Emplast. Galbani Comp. L. GALE/E. L. E. D. Galls. (Quercus Infectoria, Dyers' Oak. For class and order vide Quercu3 Cortex. Asia Minor. ^ .) GaUa- The production of the DiplolepsisGalla? Tinctoriae. Comp. Tannin 130, mucilage 12, gallic acid and extractive 31, cal- careous earth and saline matter 12, insoluble matter 315 grains, in 500 of galls (Davy;) but the goodness of the galls varies these results. Prop. Inodorous; taste very austere and astringent; hard, ligneous, 4 to 12 lines in diameter, covered with tubercles ; the colour of the best is bluckish gray or blue ; the unpierced are the best. Oper- Powerfully astringent, tonic. Use. They have been used in diarrhoea, intestinal haemorrhages, and intermittents ; but they are principally employed in gargles and in- jections ; and the powder to form an ointment for piles, in the pro- portion of 3 ij. to lard 3 ij-, powdered opium 3 j., and water of the superacetate of lead 3 ij. Dose. When exhibited internally gr. x. to 3j. twice or thrice ft day. Incomp. Lime water, potassa? subcarbonas, plumbi acetas, cupri sul- phas, argenti nitras, ferri sulphas, antimonium tartarizatum, hy- drargyri nitras, infusum cinchona?, and solution of isinglass ; all of which precipitate the infusion of galls- GENTIAN/E RADIX- L- D. Gentian* Lutei Radix, E. Gentian Root. (Pentandria Digyn. N- O- Rosacea, L- Gentiana, J. Mountains of Europe- 40 84 G L Y Prop. Almost inodorous, extremely bitter; externally brown, wrin- kled ; internally yellow, spongy; flexible : virtues yielded to ether, alcohol, and water. Over- Tonic, stomachic, in large doses aperient; antiseptic. Use. In dyspepsia; hysteria; jaundice; gout, united with aroma- tics ; chlorosis, with chalybeates; and dropsies, with squill and neutral salts. Externally in putrid ulcers. Dose. 'Gr. x. to 3ij. Vide Infusion, &c. Ojf. Prep. Extractum Gentiana, L. E. D. Infus- Gent. Comp- L. E. D. Tinct- Gent. Comp. L. E. D. Vinum Gent- Comp. E- GEOFFRjE/E INERMMIS CORTEX. E. Geoffrsea; Cortex, D. Cabbage Tree Bark. (Diadelph- Decand. N. O. Papilionacea, L. Leguminosa, J. Jamaica. ^.) Prop- Odour very unpleasant; taste sweetish, mucilaginous- Oper. Anthelmintic, cathartic ; deleterious in large doses- Use. Against lumbrici and ascarides. Cold water must not be drank during its operation. Dose- Of the powder 3j- to 3ij. but decoction is a preferable form. Off. Prep. Decoctum Geoffraa Inermis, E- GERANIUM. U. S- Cranesbill. (Geranium Maculatum, Mono- delph- Decand. N- O. Gruinales, L. North America. 40 Radix. Theroot. Comp. Contains tannin and gallic acid. Prop. Astringent. Oper. One of the most powerful of the vegetable astringents. Use. A decoction of it in milk has been recommended as an excellent remedy in the second stage of dysentery, diarrhoea, cholera infan- tum after evacuant remedies. It is also esteemed for its efficacy in arresting internal haemorrhages, especially of the alimentary canal; and a strong decoction of it applied externally forms a good styptic. Dose. Of the powder gr. x. to 3 ss. of the decoction (Geranii 3 J- Aq- Oss. boiled for some time) f 3ss. tof 3j- of the tincture f 3 ij. to f 3ss. GEUM URBANUM; RADIX, D. Common Aven's Root. (Icos- and. Monogyn. N- O. Senticosa, L. Rosacea, J. Indigenous. 40 Prop- Odour not unlike that of cloves ; taste bitterish, austere ; ex- ternally dark red; internally white: virtues yielded to water and to alcohol. Oper- Febrifuge, tonic. Use. In intermittents, dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, flatulent colic, and general debility. Dose- Of the powder 3 ss. to 3 j. four times a day; of a decoction 3 j. every hour ; of a tincture, formed with the root 3 j- alcohol Oj. — 3 iij- three or four times a day. GILLENIA. U. S. Gillenia. (Gilleaia Trifoliata. Icosavd. Pen- tagyn. N. O. Senticosa, L. Rosacea, J. United States. 4-) Radix. The root- Comp. Extractive matter, resin. Prop. Bitter. Oper. Emetic; tonic in small doses. Dose. For an emetic 3 ss. GLYCYRRHIZ/E RADIX. L. D- Glycyrrhiza? Glabra; Radix, Extractum, E. Liquorice Root. (Diadelphia Decand- N. O. Papilionacea, L- leguminosa. J. South of Europe. 4-) Should be three vears old. H /E M aj Prop- Inodorous ; taste sweet, mucilaginous, leaving, when unpeeleil, a degree of bitterness in the mouth; flexible; cuticle brown. Oper. Demulcent. Use. In catarrh; but it is generally combined with other mucila ges and is a pleasant and useful demulcent. Dose. Of the powder 3ss- to 3j. Off. Prep- Decoct- Sarsaparilla comp. L- D- Infusum Lini, L- Ext- Glycyrrhiza, L. E- D. Confectio Senna, L. E. GRANATI CORTEX. L- Grauatum; Flores, Pericarpii Cortex D. Pomegranate Bark and Flowers. (Icosandria Monogyn. N O. Pomacea, L. Myrta, J. South of Europe- > ■) Balaui- tium. Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitter, styptic ; strikes a permanent blue with sulphate of iron: virtues yielded to water. Oper- Astringent. Use. In chronic and colliquative diarrhoeas, and the protracted stages of dysentery; but chiefly externally, as an injection in Ieucorrhoea, and gargles in angina. Dose. In substance 3 ss- to -j- of a decoction f3ss- every three hours. Incomp. Sulphate of iron- GRATIOL/E OFFICINALIS HERBA. E- Gtatiola ; Herba, D. Hedge Hyssop- (Decand. Monogyn. N- O- Personata, L- ./■ South of Europe. > •) Gratiola ; Radix- Prop- Inodorous; taste strong, bitter, nauseous- Oper. Anthelmintic; purgative ; sometimes emetic; diuretic- Use- Against lumbrici and ascarides ; in dropsy. Dose- In substance gr- x- every hour till it operate- Vide Decoct- GUAIACI RESINA ET LIGNUM. L- E-D- Guuiacum Resin and Wood- Guaiacum- Prop- Odour slightly fragrant; taste warm and bitter, the resin more so than the wood- The resin is concrete, brittle ; colour externally greenish, internally grayish ; water dissolves about one tenth, alco- hol 05 parts in 100; soluble also in liquor potassa? 15 parts, liquor ammonia? 38 parts- The powder is whitish, but changes to green in the air- Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic ; in large doses purgative. Use In chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases, and the se- quela of lues venerea- Dose. To produce its first effects gT. v. to 3j- in piils, or emulsion made with mucilage or yolk of egg; to purge, gr- xv. to 3ij- in the same form- Incomp. The mineral acids- Ojf- Prep. Decoct. Guaiaci comp. E- Decoct. Sarsap. comp.'L. D- Mixt- Guaiaci, L- Tinct- Guaiatc, L- E- D. T- Guaiaci Amnion■ L. E- D- tjf It. is often adulterated with Manchinalgum; to djecovtr which, add tn the alcoholic solution a few drops of sioeit Jmtit of nitre, and dilute with water; the guaiac is precipitated, wlun tke adulte- ration floats- H-EMATOXYLI LIGNUM- L- E- D- Log Wood- (Decand- Monogyn- N- O- Loimntacea, L- Leguminosa, J. Ameri- ca. V) ... ' . Prop. Almost- inodorous; last* sweetish, sub-astringent; colour E2. . . So II I R deep red ; firm, heavy, its virtues extracted both by water and al- cohol- Oper. Astringent? tonic. Use- In the protracted stage of diarrhoea and dysentery, under the form of decoction. R of the shavings 3 j-, water Oij. Boil to Oj- and strain. Dose- f'3j- and F5 ij- every three of four hours- Inromp. The mineral acids, acetic acid, solutions of alum, sulphate of iron and of copper, acetate of lead, antimonium tarurizatum- Ojf. Prep- Ext- Hamatoxyli, L- HELENIUM- L. EnulaCampana, Radix, D. The Root of Ele- campane- (Inula Holenium, Syngentsia Super,!. N. O. Compo- site Radiata, L. Corymbifera, J. South of Europe. 40 Prop- Odour aromatic ; taste glutinous, bitterish, acrid, and pungent; contains an essential oil, on which its virtue depends. Oper. Stimulant, expectdrant, diuretic, enimeiiagogue. Use. In chronic ccughs, and humoral a»ihma; u=ed more as a do- mestic medicine- Dose- 3j. to 3j- in powder, twice or thrice a day. HELLEBORI FCETIDI FOLIA. L- Hdleboraster; Folia, D- The leaves of Stinking Hellebore. (Helleborus Foetulus, Polyand- Polygynia, N. O. Multisiliqua, L. Ranunculacea, J. Indige- nous. ^.) Hdleborastis folia. Prop. Odour foetid; taste acrid, bitter, nauseous. Oper. Cathartic, anthelmintic. Use. In worms, but now scarcely ever used. Dose, f 3 j-of this decoction. R of the leaves 3 ij., water Oss. ; boii 15 minutes, and strain. HELLEBORI NIGRI RADIX. L. E. Helleb. Niger. (Melampo- dium;) Radix, D- Black Hellebore Root. (Class and order as iibovc. Austria. ^) Prop. Odour disagreeable ; taste bitter, acrid, benumbing the mouth ; impaired by drying and keeping. Oyer. Cathartic, hydragogue, emmenfgogue. hse. In mania and melancholia, dropsy, and in suppression of the menses in plethoric habits ; but it may be questioned whether it is equal to jalap, &c, and is seldom procured genuine. Dose. Gr-x. to 3j. purge strongly; to produce its other effects, gr-ij. to gr. iij- three times a day. Seldom used in substance. Ojf. Prep- Helleb. nig. L. E. D. Ext. UtlUb. nig. E. D. HEUCHERA. U S. Alum root. (Heuchera Cortusa, Pentand. Digyn- N. O. Succulenta, L. Saxifraga, J. North America. 40 Radix. The root. Prop- An intense astringent. Oper. Styptic. Use-. Has had some reputation as an application to cancerous sores- HIRUDO MEDIC1NALIS- D. The Leech- (C Vermes, O. Hel-. mintheca.) Prop. Body oblong, flatfish; colour on the back olive green, with four longitudinal stripes; the two central yellow, broken with black; two lateral yellow, entire; two intermediate black and yel- low chains; on the belly turkey blue, maculated with yellow ; mouth and bite triangular ; anal extremity a circular sucker- Use- In every species of local inflammation, except the erysipela- tous; particularly in ophthalmia, placed as near the eye as possible. H Y D 87 The best mode of making them bite is to clean the part well with soap and water, then to dry it, and before applying the leech, to al- low it to dry itself by crawling on a clean cloth: or the part may be scratched with the point of the lancet. Leeches will not bite when casting their skins, which they often change. HORDEI SEMINA. L. Hordei Distichi Semina, E. D. Pearl Bar- ley. (Triand. Digyn. N. O. Gramina. The river Tamara. ©.) Semina, tunicis nudata. Prop. Taste sweetish, viscid; granules roundish, of a pearly white- ness ; consists almost entirely of starch. Use. Vide decoctum. As it is apt to get musty, barley should always be washed befo.e it is made into decoction. Off. Prep. Decoctum Hordei, L- E. D. Decoct. Hard- Comp. L. D. HUMULI STOBUJ. L. E. Hops- (Humulus Lupulus, Diacia Pentand. N- O- Scabrida, L. Urtica, J. Europe. 4.) Prop. Odour fragrant, sub-narcotic; taste .bitter, aromatic; depend- ing on a peculiar principle named lupuline, extractive, and essen- tial oil, extracted equally by water and spirit, from the dried strobiles- Oper. Narcotic, anodyne, diuretic. Use. In gout and rheumatism: under the form of infusion in the pro- portion of 3 ss. to Oj. of boding water; but the extract already noticed is preferable. The powder, formed into au ointment with lard, is said to ease the pain of open cancer. A pillow, stuffed with hops, is an old and successful mode of procuring sleep in the watchfulness of delirious fever- Dose. Gr. iij. to 3j- united with 3ss. of cinnamon water, twice or thrice a day; of the infusion 3 jss- Ojf. Prep. Ext- Humuli. L- Tinct- Humuli, L. *** The active property of the bop is now generally admitted to re- side in the yellow nectarial dust which is lodged on the base of the scales of the strobiles- The dose of this substance is from gr' iij. to gr. viij. As there is nothing poisonous in this material, it may be given even in larger doses. Ed. HYDRARGYRUM. L. E. Hydrargyrum, D. Quicksilver- Mercury. (In its metallic state uncombined.) Hydrargyrus- Prop. Fluid above 39° below zero and under 656° of Faht.; bright, shining, of a silvery whiteness; spec grav- when liquid 13-568 (Cavendish.) Easily oxydized. Oper. MetaUic quicksilver does not act on the body, even when taken into the stomach; oxydized, and combined with acids, it acts pow- erfully. Use. It has been exhibited in constriction of the bowels and introsus- ception, but from a mistaken notion that it would pass through the bowels by its gravity. *#* Quicksilver is often adulterated; if it be dissolved in nitric octal, and voter saturated with sulphuretted hydrogen gas added, a brown precipitate shows lead to be present; the addition of dis- UUed water displays bismuth by a white precipitate ; the diluted nitro-muriatic solution of gold added, discovers tin by a purple precipitate; and zinc is discovered by heating the suspected quick- silver in an iron spoon. HYDRARGYRUM PURJFICATUM. L. E. D. The purification is performed by distilling the crude metal in an iron retort. Use- For pharmaceutical purposes- E 3 H Y D HYDRARGYRI NITRICO OXYDUM. L. Oxydum H> Jrargyn Rubrum per acidum Nitricum, E. Oxydum Hydrargyri Nitricum, D. Nitric Oxyd of Mercury. (A Peroxide, probably containing some undecomposed acid.) Hydrargyrus Nitratus Ruber- Comp- Quicksilvered, oxygen 18 parts in 100; when well prepared- Prop. Small bright red shining plates; insoluble- Oper- Stimulant, e. charotic Use- In the proportion of gr- ss. to sugar gr- iv. it is blown into the eye to remove specks on the cornea; applied to chancres and foul ulcers, to cleanse and stimulate them, either sprinkled on the part in fine powder, or united with lard into an ointment. Ojf. Prep- Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitrico-Oxydi, L- E- D. HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM CINEREUM. L- Oxidum Hydrargyri Cinereum, E- Pulvis Hydrargyri Cincreus, D. Gray Oxyd of Mercury. (These preparations differ, but the London is to be pre- ferred, being a real gray oxyd; the other two are subnitratee of mercury and ammonia, mixed with an imperfect oxyd.) Comp. Quicksilver 96.16, oxygen 3-84, in 100 parts, L- Prop- Colour gray ; insoluble. Oper. Stimulant, antisyphilitic. Use. This preparation is not apt to disorder the stomach and bowels, and is, therefore, often preferred in curing venereal complaints. Dose- Gr. j- to gr. iij- in a pill twice a^lay. Off- Prep. Unguentum Oxydi Hydrargyri Cinerei, E- HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM RUBRUM. L- Oxidum*Hydrargyri, D- Red Oxyd of Mercury. (A Peroxide, oxydized by the air in a temperature of 600-) Hydrargyrus Calcinatus- Comp. Quicksilver 92.6, oxygen»7.4, in 100 parts. Prop- Small crystalline scales, of a deep red colour, brilliant; solu- ble in some of the acids without decomposing them. Oper- Stimulant, escharotic, antisyphilitic; in large doses violently emetic. Use- Owing to the violence of its operation, it i8 now seldom given internally, except when other mercurials fail- It is principally used ae an escharotic, in thesame manner as the nitric oxyd- Dose. Gr. ss- to gr- ij. in a pill with opium gr. ss. every night and morning :—2r- iv. act as a violent emetic. HYDRARGYRI OXYMURIAS. L. Murias Hydrargyri Corrosivus, E. Murias Hydrargyri Corrosivum, D. Oxymuriate of Mercury- Hydrargyrus Muriatus. Comp. Peroxide of mercury 79.42, acid 20-58; or chlorine 26-48, mercury 73-52 in 100 parts- Spec. grav. 5.1398. Prop. Taste acrid, styptic, metallic, durable; a white compact semi- transparent mass of prismatic crystals; soluble in 11 parts of water at 60°, in 3.8 of alcohol; partially decomposed by light. Oper. Stimulant, antisyphilitic, alterative. Use. In venereal complaints, with the greatest advantage, when a quick and general action is required ; but its effects are often not permanent. In lepra, combined with an antimonial; old ulcers; and chronic rheumatism. Dissolved in the proportion of gr. iij. to water Oj. as a gargle in venereal sore throats, and an injection in gonorrhoea ; and a little stronger we have found it useful in break- ing the abscess in cynanche tonsillaris. It is applied externally to tetters, and for destroying fungus; ;r. iv. in water Oj. is a good H V D <«• wash in scabies. It may be given clysterways, when the stomach will not bear it. Dose- Gr. I to gr- j. made into a pill, with extract of poppies, once in twenty-four hours. When swallowed as a poison, the beet anti- dote is white of egg. (Orfila.) Incomp- Vide Liquor Hyd. Oxymuriatis. Off. Prep. Liquor Hydrargyrti Oxymuriatis, L. HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIAS- L. Submurias Hydrargyri Mitis, E. Submurias Hydrargyri Sublimatum, D- Submuriate of Mercury, or Calomel. (A Protochloride by sublimation.) Calomelas. Comp. Quicksilver 79, oxygen 9.5, muriatic acid 11.5; or chlorine 15.25, mercury 84-75, in 100 parts of submuriate. Prop- Inodorous, nearly insipid ; requiring 1152 parts of water at 212° for its solution; formed in a compact, hard, shining, striated cake, which by pulverization and levigation is reduced to an im- palpable, ivory-coloured powder ; sp. grav. 7.175. Oper. Antisyphilitic, alterative ; in larger doses purgative. Use. In venereal diseases and chronic hepatitis, combined with opium ; in scrofula with cicuta; in convulsive affections with opium, camphor, assafcetida, &c.; in dropsies with squill and foxglove ; and in rheumatism and lepra with anjjmqnials, guaiacum, and other sudsjrifics. As a purgative in any ejKnot attended with intestinal inflammation ; generally united with other purgatives. Dose. Gr. j. to gr. ij. night and morning, in a pill—if it do not purge, gradually excites ptyalism ; gr. iij. to gr. vj. purge. Children bear larger doses than adults. Incomp. Nitric and oxymuriatic acids, alkalies, and their carbonates, lime water, soaps, sulphurets of alkalies, iron, lead, copper. *** These preparations arc improperly named. They are both muriates, and are, therefore, properly distinguished by the Edin- burgh College, by the terms corrosivus and mitis; but we are in- clined to think, that, for practical purpose*, the name Calomel, however unchemical, should still be retained for the milder mu- riate. HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM. L. (Hydrarg. pwrif. Ibj., Sulphuris sub. Ibj. Rub them together until tlie globules disappear.) Oper. Alterative. Use. In scrofula and cutaneous diseases. Dose- Gr. x. to 3 ss. HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. L. D. Red Sul- phuret of Mercury. (Quicksilver combined with sulphur.) Hy- drargyrus Sulphurctus Ruber. Comp- Quicksilver unoxydized 86.2, sulphur 13.8 pts. in 100. Prop- Inodorous, insipid; colour a rich deep red ; insoluble in water and alcohol. Optr. Antisyphilitic. Use- As a fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose, mouth, and throat; 3 as. being thrown on a red hot iron. It has also been used in cutaneous complaints, and gouty affections; but it is at best an uncertain remedy. Dose- Gr. x. to 3 ss. in an electuary or a bolus. HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. L. D. Mercury with Chalk. (A Protoxide, formed by trituration with carbonate of lime.) Comp. Very uncertain, depending on the degree of trituration- Fourcroy states it to contain 4-100ths of oxygen. 90 II Y S Prop. Inodorous, insipid; colour gray. Oper. Alterative, antisyphilitic 1 Use. In porrigo, and other cutaneous affections; but very little em- ployed ; and in venereal complaints its operation is so alow and weak as to merit no attention. Dose. Gr. v. to 3 ss. twice a day, in any viscid substance. HYDRARGYRUM CUM MAGNESIA. D. Mercury with Mag- nesia. (A Protoxide, formed by trituration with carbonate of mag- nesia.) In every respect this preparation resembles the former; the employ- ment of the carbonate of magnesia instead of chalk does not alter the properties or the virtues of the remedy. HYDRARGYRUM PR/ECIPITATUM ALBUM. L. Submurias Hydrargyri Ammoniatum, D. White Precipitated Mercury. (A Peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and ammonia, forming a triple salt.) Comp. Oxyd of mercury 81, muriatic acid 16, ammonia 3 parts. Prop. Inodorous, tasteless, snowy white, ponderous, insoluble in water; it does not become black when triturated with lime wa- ter. Oper Detergent. Use- As an external applieatifp, united with lard, in scabies* and some other cutaneous affections- Ojf. Prep. Ung. Hydrargyri Pracip. Albi, L- D. HYDRO-SULPHURETUM AMMONLE. E. D- Hydrosulphuret of Ammonia- Prop. Odour very foetid; taste nauseous, styptic ; colour dark yel- lowiBh-green. Oper. Sedative, nauseating, emetic ; disoxygenizing? Use. In diabetes, and diseases of increased excitement- Dose, fllv. gradually to fllxv- three or four times a day, produce vomiting- Incomp. All the acids and metallic solutions. HYOSCYAMI FOLIA ET SEMINA. L. Hyoscyami Nigri Herba; Semina, E- Hyosciamus : Herba, D. Henbane Leaves and Seeds. (Hyosciamus Niger. Pentand. Monogyn. N. O. Lurida, L. Solanea, J. Europe. $ •) Prop. Odour narcotic, peculiar; not unlike tobacco when bruised ; taste insipid, mucilaginous; lost by drying: virtues yielded to proof spirit. Oper. Narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, slightly stimulant. Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, palsy, mania, and scirrhus; as a substitute for opium to procure sleep in nervous habits ; exter- nally as a cataplasm in cancer and glandular swellings ; or in fine powder sprinkled on cancerous sores, to allay pain. Dose. Gr. iij. to gr. x. of the powder; but generally the extract is preferred. Ojf- Prep. Extractum Hyosciami, L- E. D. Tinctura Hyosciami, L- E. DL HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS, HERBA. E- Hyssopus ; Folia, D. HysBop Leaves. (Didynam- Gymnosperm. N. O. Vertieillata, L- Labiata, J. Germany. >.) Prop. Odour aromatic; taste warm, pungent; depending on an es- sential oil- I X F 91 Oper. Stimulant, expectorant, attenuant. Use. In humoral asthma, and chronic catarrh; but it is seldom used. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. twice or thrice a day in substance or infusion. ICHTHYOCOLLA. D. Isinglass. (Acipenser Huso et Ruthenus. The Beluga and Sterlet. Pisces, Chondi opterygii, Cuv- Russia-) Comp. Soluble gelatin 98, insoluble fibre 2 parts, in 100. Prop. Inodorous, tasteless; dry, whitith, semi-transparent; when dissolved in boiling water it forms an opaline jelly. Oper. Nutrient, demulcent; externally adhesive. Use- As a diet for the sick and convalescent; and infants troubled with acidity of the prima? viae. The English court plaster is made with it. Incomp. Astringent vegetable infusions, carbonate of potash, alco- hol. INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS. L. E- Infusion of Chamomile. (An- themidis Flor- Z\y,Aq. Fervent- Oss- Macerate for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain-) Prop- The odour and taste of the flowers. Oper. Tonic ; emetic when taken warm. Use. The cold infusion in dyspepsia, hysteria, and other complaints attended with debility of the stomach; the warm is employed, either alone to excite gentle vomiting, or to assist the operation of other emetics- Dose- f 5j-tof 3ij- Incomp. Isinglass; infusion of cinchona ; solutions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of leud- INFUSUM ARMORACI/E COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Infu- sion of Horse Radish. (Armor- Red- recent, concisa, Sinapis Sem- cont us- sing. 3 j-, Aqua Ferv. Oj- Macerate for two houis in a covered vessel, then strain, and add Spir- Armoracia? Comp. f5J0 Prop. Little odour, mawkish, acrid taste- Oper. Stimulant, diuretic- Use- In paralysis, scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, and dropsies oc- curring after intermittents. Dose- f 3j- to f 3 "j- three or four times a day- v Incomp. Carbonates of alkalies, oxymuriate of mercury, nitrate of silver, infusions of galls, and of cinchona- INFUSUM AURANTII COMPOSITUM. L- Compound Infusion of'Orange Peel- (Aurant- Cort- sic- Z ij-, Lunvn. tort, recent- ly, Caryophyll. contus- 3 ss-, Aq- Fin . Osj- Macerate for fifteen minutes in a covered vessel, and strain.) Oper. Tonic, stomachic, stimulant, carminative. Use. In dyspepsia, particularly that of drunkards ; flatulent colic ; in gout united with absorbents; and the debility wuich follows acute diseases- Dose- f 3 jss. to f 3 ij- every four hours. Incomp. Sulphas ferri, acetas plumbi, infusion of yellow cinchona bark, lime water. INFUSUM CALUMB/E. L. Infusum Calomba?, E. Infusion of Calumba. (Calumba Rod. concisa 3 ij-, Aq. Ferv. Oss- Mace- , rate for two hours in a lightly covered vessel, and strain-). Prop. Odour and taste of the root; mucilaginous- It soon spoils. Oper. Tonic without stimulating; antiseptic. Use. In dyspepsia; and cholera, the vomiting of which it checks ; in bUious remittent fever ; to check the nausea and vomiting of preg- 92 I N V nancy; and the severe diarrhoea and vomiting often attending denti- tion ; in the hectic of phthisis, to correct acrimony, and strengthen the digestion; and in the low state of puerperal fever. Dose- f f iss- to f3iij- three or four times a day. Incomp- Antimonium tart., oxymurias hydrargyri, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi: infusion of cinchona- INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLORUM. L- Infusion of Cloves. (Ca- ryophyl- contus- 3j-, Aq. Fervent. Oss- Macerate in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain.) Prop. Odour fragrant; taste warm, aromatic ; colour red. Oper. Stimulant, tonic, stomachic. Use. In atonic gout, when the stomach is affected ; and flatulent colic. Dose, f 3jss. to fjij-three or four times a day. Incomp. Sulphas ferri; sulphas zinci; antimonium tartarizatum; ni- tras argenti; acetas plumbi; infusion of cinchona. INFUSUM CASCARILL/E. L. Infusion of Cascarilla. (Casca- rilla Cort. cont. 3ss., Aq. Fervent. Oss. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste bitter and aromatic. Optr. Tonic, stomachic. Use. In alvine fluxes, particularly after measles ; in the aphtha gan- grenosa of children. Dose, f 3jss. to f 3 ij. twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Infusions of galls, and yellow cinchona; lime water; solu- tions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead. INFUSUM CATECHU COMPOSITUM. L. Infusum Acacia? Catechu, E. Infusion of Catechu. (Catechu Extralti 3ijss., Cinnam. Cort. contusi Zss.,Ay. Fervent. Oss. Macerate for an hour, and strain.) Infusum Catechu. Oper. Astringent, stomachic. Use. In diarrhoeas from a laxity of the bowels. Dose- f 3jss- to f j ij. every three hours, or after every loose stool. Incomp. Tartarized antimony, sulphate of iron, sulphate of zinc, so- lution of isinglass, infusion of cinchona, the strong acids, oxymu- riate of mercury. ** INFUSUM ( I.NCHON/E. L. Infusum Cinchon* Lancifolia?, E. Infusum Cinchona?sine Calore, D- Infusion of Cinchona. (Cinch. Lancifolia Con. contusi 3 88., Aq. Ferv. Oss. Macerate for two hour*, and strain. L.) Prop. The peculiar aromatic flavour and bitterness of the bark em- ployed. Oper- Tonic, stomnchic Use. In dyspepsia ; and convalescencies- Dose, f 3 j- to f 3 iij. united with some aromatic tincture, three or four times a day. Incomp Antimonium tartarizatum, sulphates of iron and zinc, ni- trate of silver, and muriate of mercury. Decoction of galls, lime water, carbonates of alkalies, and infusions of almost all the vege- table bitters- INFUSUM CINCHON/E CUM AQUA CALCIS. U. S. Infu- sion of Peruvian Bark with Lime Water- (Cinchon. inpulv. 3j- Aq. Calc Oj- Add the lime water gradually; and rub them well together for fifteen minutes- Let the infusion stand for one hour, then filter.) 1 N F 93 Oper. Tonic, antacid and astringent- Dose- F5 •- to f 3 iij- repeated as occasion requires- INFUSUM CINCHON/E CUM MAGNESI/E. U- S. Infusion of Peruvian Bark with Magnesia- (Cinchon. in pulv- 3j- Magnes. 3j. Aq. frig. Oj- Add the water gradually, and rub them well together for fifteen minutes. Let the infusion stand for one hour, then filler.) Oper. Tonic, antacid and laxative- The magnesia is supposed to in- crease the tonic power of the bark- Dose f 3j- to f3iv- repeated as occasion requires- INFUSUM CINCHON/E CUM SUCCO LIMONUM-U-S- In fusion of Peruvian Bark with Lime juice. (Cinchon. in pulv. 3j- Suc- Limon. f 3 ij- Tinct. Camp. Opiat. f 3 iij. Aq.frig.Oy Ma- cerate for twelve hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) Use. In cases where bark is required, attended with irritability of the stomach. Dose, f 3j- to f3"j- INFUSUM CUSPARI/E- L- Infusion of Cusparia- (Cusparia Cort. contusi 3 ij-, Aq. Fervent. Oss. Macerate for two hours,and strain.) Prop. Almost inodorous; taste bitter, and slightly aromatic. Oper. Tonic, antiseptic- Use. In febrile diseases, obstinate bilious diarrhoea, and dysentery, after proper evacuations. Dose, f 3j- to f 3 iij- three or four times a day. Incomp. Infusion of galls and of catechu ; antimonium tartarizatum ; sulphates of iron and of zinc; nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of lead. INFUSUM DIGITALIS. L. Infusum Digitalis Purpurea?, E. In- fusion of Foxglove. (Digitalis Fol- exsicat. Iy, Aq. Ferv. Oss- Macerate for four hours, strain, and add Spir. Cinnam. f3iv.) Prop- Inodorous ; taste bitter and nauseous. Oper. Diuretic, sedative- Use. In dropsies, humoral asthmas, phthisis pulmonalis; and in dis- eases of increased action. Dose, f 3j- every eight or ten hours, till it affects the kidneys, the pulse, stomach, or bowels; and then stopped. Incomp. Sulphas ferri, acetas plumbi; infusion of yellow cinchona. INFUSUM EUPATORII. U.S. Infusion of Thoroughwort- (Eu- pator- Perfol. 3j- -Ao. bullient- Oj. Infuse for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain-) Oper. Emetic, diaphoretic; in moderate doses, given cold, tonic. Use. In fevers and inflammatory diseases. Dose, f 3 j- to f 3 viij- according to the indication to be answered. INFUSUM GENTIAN/E COMPOSITUM. L. E. D. Compound Infusion of Gentian. (Gentiana Rad. concisa, Aurantii Cort. exsic sing. 3j-, Limonis Cort.recent. 3 ij., Aq. Ferv. f 5 xiij.) Oper. Tonic, stomachic- Use. In dyspepsia and chlorosis, united with chalybeates, or with al- kalies ; diarrhoea and gout, with absorbents and aromatic tinctures; and in dropsy, with squill and neutral salts. Dose, f 3j- to f 3ij. three times a day. Incomp- Acetate of lead. 94 I N F %* The Edinburgh and Dublin Colleges order the ingredients to be previously macerated in f 3 iv- of proof spirit. INFUSUM LINI COMPOSITUM. L. Infusum Lini Usitatissimi, E. Infusion of Linseed. (Lini Usitatis, Sem. contus. 3j-, Gly- cyrrh. Rad. con. 3 iv., Aq. Ferv. Oij. Macerate for four hours near the fire', and strain.) Prop. Inodorous, sweetish, mucilaginous. Oper. Demulcent. Use- In catarrh, pneumonic affections, strangury, gonorrhoea; and after operations on the urethra or the bladder. Dose- A teacupful ad libitum. Incomp. Alcohol, acetate of lead. INFUSUM MENTH/E COMPOSITUM. D. Compound Infusion of Mint. (Fol. Mentk- Sat. siccat. 3ij-, Aq. Ferv. q. «• s.ut. co- lentur f3yj. Macerate for half an hour, and when cold, strain ; then add Sacck. Albi 3 ij-, Olei Menth. Sat. gtt. iij. dissolved in T. Card- Comp. 3SS0 Oper- Gently stimulating, diaphoretic- Use. In anorexia, and as a vehicle for disagreeable remedies. Dos-. f jj. to f 3 iij- occasionally. INFUSUM QUASSI/E. L. Infusum Quassia? Excelsa?, E. Infu- sion of Quassia. (Quassia Ligni concisi Zsa.,Aq. Ferv. Oss. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Prop. Inodorous ; taste a very pure bitter; limpid; possessing no astringency. Oper. Tonic, antiseptic. Use. In bilious fevers, united with alkaline salts; hysteria, with cam- phor and tincture of valerian; gout, with aromatics and ginger; and in dyspepsia with sulphate of zinc, or with mineral acids. Dose, f 3j. tof 3iv- twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Acetas plumbi, nitras argenti. INFUSUM RHEI. L. E. Infusion of Rhubarb. (Rliei Rad. con- cisa 3j., Aq. Ferv Oss- Macerate for two hours in a covered Vessel, and strain.) Prop. Odour fragrant like that of the root; taste bitter and aroma- tic; limpid, red-yellow ; not so astringent as the root' Oper. Purgative, stomachic. Use. In costiveness; and, united with ginger and aromatics, in diar- rhoeas from weakness of the bowels. Dose, f 5 j- tof3iv. united "with neutral salts; f 3 as-with tinct- of cinnamon, whoa its stomachic effect only is required. Incomp. Solution of isinglass, infusion of yellow cinchona, all the strong acids, nitrate of silver, muriate of mercury, acetate of lead, sulphate of iron, antimonium tartarizatum. INFUSUM ROS/E COMPOSITUM. L. D- Infusum Rosa? Gallica?, E- Infusion of the Rose- (Rosa Gallica Petal, exsicc. 3 iv., Aqua Ferventis Oijss-, Acidi Sulph. diluti f 3 iij-, Sacch. Purif. 3jss- After pouring the water on the petals, in a glass vessel, add the acid, and macerate for half an hour ; then strain, and add the sugar.) Prop. Odour of the rose ; taste slightly austere, acid, and sweet. Oper. Sub-astringent, refrigerant. Use. In the colliquative sweats of phthisis; and, with additional acid and some nitre, in uterine and pulmonary haemorrhages ; to- pically as a gargle in cynanche tonsillaris. This infusion is an ele- INF 95 gant vehicle for many active remedies, particularly sulphate of mag- nesia, the nauseous taste of which it covers. Iiuse. f j jss. to Oss- every three or four hours. Incomp. Sulphates of iron and of zinc I.NFUSUM SENN/E COMPOSITUM. L. D. Infusum Cassi* Sen- us, E. Infusion of Senna. (Senna Fol- 3jss-i Zingiberis Rad. con- 3j., Aq Ferv- Oj. Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.) Infusum Senna Simplex. Oper. Purgative. Use. In costiveness, and to move the bowels in acute diseases. The ginger counteracts the griping quality of the Senna. It is generally united with neutral purgative salts and manna. Dose- f'5j. to f3iv. Incomp. Strong acids, lime water, the alkaline carbonates, solutions ut' nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of lead, tarta- rized antiinonv, and infusion of yellow cinchona- INFUSUM SENN/E COMPOSITUM. E. Infusum Senna? cum Tamarindis, D- Infusion of Tamarind and Senna- (Fruct. Ta- marindi hid. cond. 3j-i Fol. Cassia Senna 3j., Sem- Coriand- Sat. cont us. 3ss., Sacch. non purif. %&$.,Aq. Bull. 3viij- Ma- cerate in a vessel not glazed with lead, agitating occasionally for four hours, and strain.) Oper. Mildly purgative, and cooling. Use. In delicate habits, and inflammatory diseases- Dose, f 5 ij. tof3iv. Incomp. The same as of infusion of senna, and also all salts having potash for a base. INFUSUM SENN/E COMPOSITUM. U. S- Compound Infusion of Senna. Senna ^'vss. Potas-Super tart- 3 ij. Zingiber. Zy Aq. bullicnt. Oj. Infuse for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.) - Oper. Cathartic. Dose, f 3 j- to f ? iij- every two hours until it operates. INFUSCM SERPENTARLE. U. S. Lifusion of Virginia Snake- foot. (Serpent. 38S- Aq. bullient. Oss- Infuse for two hours in a cort red vessel, and strain.) Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic. Use. In nervous and typhoid fevers. Dose, f 3 ij- every three hours- *** The above infusion is about one half too strong fqpordinary use. INFUSUM S1MAROUB/E. L. Infusion of Simarouba. (Sima- rouba Cort. contusi 3ss-, Aq- Fere- Oss. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) Prop. Inodorous ; bitter, but not astringent. Oper- Tonic, antiseptic; emetic in large doses. Use. In diarrhoea, and the advanced stage of dysentery ; dyspepsia; leucorrhoea; and intermittent fevers. Dose. f3ij- united with opium or an aromatic, every three or four hours. Incomp- Decoction of galls, infusions of catechu and yellow cin- chona, solutions of nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, and su|K>racetate of lead, alkaline carbonates, lime water- INFUSUM SPIGELLE. U. S. Infusion of CaroUna Pink. (Spi- gel. Z ij. Aq. bullient. Oss. Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain-) 96 J A L Oper. Anthelmintic. Dose, f 5 ij. to f 3iv. repeated three or four times, and then followed by an active purge. INFUSUM TABAC1. L. Infusion of Tobacco. (Tabaci Fol. Zy, Aq. Ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain.) . Oper. Sedative, antispasmodic. Use. As a clyster in ileus, colica pictonum, and formerly in cases of suspended animation. INFUSUM VALERIAN/E. D- Infusion of Valerian. (Rad. Va- leriana in crass, pulv. trita, 3 ij., Aq. Ferv- f 3 vij. Macerate for an hour, and when cold, strain.) Oper. Tonic, antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, when the stomach will not bear the powder. Dose, f 3 jss. to f 3 ij- twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Nitrate of silver, sulphate of iron, infusion of yellow cin chona. INFUSUM ULMI. U. S. Infusion of Slippery Elm. (Ulmi con- cis. 3j- Aq. bullient. Oj. Infuse for twelve hours in a covered vessel, near the fire, with frequent agitation, and strain.) Oper. Demulcent, diuretic and alterative. Use. One of the best drinks in all inflammatory diseases. Also es- teemed in chronic eruptions. Dose. Ad libitum. IPECACUANH.E RADIX. L. E. D. Tpecacuan Root. (Cephaelis Ipecacuanha. Pentand. Monogyn. N. O. Aggregata. Brazils. Linn. Soc. Trans, vol. vi.) Prop. Odour faint and peculiar ; taste bitter, subacrid, mucilaginous; in small wrinkled pieces; externally brown, internally whitish ; both water and alcohol extract its virtues, which have been found to depend on a peculiar principle, named emetine. Oper- Emetic in large doses; sudorific, expectorant, in smaller- Use. To produce vomiting, in the commencement of fevers, inflam- matory diseases, buboes, swelled testicles^ and before the paroxysms of ague ; to excite nausea in dysentery, asthma, pertussis, haemor- rhages, pneumonia; and, combined with opium, to produce diapho- resis in rheumatism, gout, and febrile disorders. Dose. For the first intention gr. xx. to gr. xxa. alone, or united with antimonium tart, gr- j.; for the second gr. j. to gr. iij.; and the third gr. ij-% gr. vj. with opium gr. j. Incomp. Acetum ; or vegetable acids- Ojf. Prep. Pulvis Ipecacuanha Compositus, L. D. Vinum Ipeca- cuunha, L. E. 1). IRIDIS FLORENTIN/E RADIX. E. Florentine Orris Root. (Triand. Monogyn. N.O. Ensata. South of Europe. 4-) This root is indebted to its agreeable odour only for its retention by the Edinburgh College. JALAP/E RADIX. L. D. Convolvuli Jalapae Radix, E. (Convol- vulus Jalapa. Pentand. Monogyn. N. O. Campanacea, L. Convolvuli, J. ^.) Jalapium, Radix. Prop. Odour slightly nauseous; taste sweetish, slightly pungent; solid, hard, heavy, brittle ; fracture resinous; internally light grey, exter- nally covered with a deep brown, wrinkled bark. Proof spirit is its proper menstruum. Oper- Cathartic; the resinous part gripes violently. K R A 97 Use. In costiveness, mania, worms, and as a hydragogue in dropsy. It is nlso a good adjunct to quicken the operation of submuriate of mercury, and other purgatives of slow operation. A drop of es- sential oil prevents griping. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. in pills or a bolus. Ojf. Prep. Pulv. Jalapa Comp. E. Extractum Jalapa, L. E. D. 7'mct. Jalapa, L. E. D- Tinct. Senna Comp. E. JUGLANS. U. S. Butternut. (Juglans Cinerea, Monac Polyand- N. O. Amcntacea, L. Terebintacea, J. United States. V -) Liber radicis. The inner bark of the root. The aqueous extract of this article forms an excellent laxative and purgative, which does not leave the bowels disposed to costive- ness. Ojf. Prep. Extract- Juglandis, U- S. JUNIPERI BACC/E ET CACUMINA- L. Juniperi Communis Baccu?, E. Juniperus; Baccae, D- Juniper Berries and Tops. (Dioecia Monodelphia, N. O. Conifera. North of Europe. $ .) Prop. Odour strong, but not unpleasant; taste warm, pungent, sweetish, followed by a bitter ; depending on an essential oil and Bweet mucilage. They yield their active properties to both water and alcohol. Oper. Diuretic, carminative, diaphoretic'? Use. In dropsies ; but they cannot be depended on alone, although they are an admirable adjunct to digitalis and squill. Dose. 3j. to 3 ss. triturated with sugar, three or four times :i day. The best form of exhibiting it is an infusion of 3i'j- of the berries bruised in boiling water Oj. Ojf. Prep. Oleum Juniperi, L. E- D- Spiritus Juniperi Composi- te, L. E. D. JUNIPERUS VIRGIMANA. U. S. Red Cedar. (Class and order the same as Junipcris Communis. United States. ^ .) Folia. The leaves- This article has been substituted in the American Pharmacopoeia for Savine leaves, which it very nearly resembles, and is equally good in every respect. KINO. L- E. D. Pterocarpus Erinacea. (The Edinburgh College consider it Eucalyptus Resinifera; the Dublin, Butea Fiondosa. Africa.) Kino, Resina. Comp. Tannin, gallic acid, oxyd of iron, colouring matter. Prop. Inodorous; taste sweetish, bitter; sometimes gritty between the teeth; in fragments of a dark ruby red owour; easily pul- verized; powder reddish-brown; more soluble in warm than in cold water. Oper. Astringent. Use. In obstinate chronic diarrhoeas; uterine, intestinal, and pulmo- nary haemorrhages ; fluor olbus. Dose. Gr. x. to gr. xx. in powder; or in solution, of the powder 3 j-, mucilage of gum l':..i-, cinnamon water f 3 v., two tablcspoonsful occasionally. Vide Tinct. Incomp. The mineral acids, alkalies and their carbonates, ichthyocol- la, acetate of lead, nitr..:c of silver, antimonium tartarizatum, sul- phate of iron, muriate of mercury. Off- Prep. Tinctura Kino, L. E. D. Electuarium Catechu, E. D. KRAMERI/E RADIX. L. Ratanhy Root. (Krameira Triandra, Tetrand. Monogynia. Java- >.) 9* LA U Prop. Taste bitter; communicates a deep red colour both to water ajid spirit. Opt r. Astringent, diuretic, detergent. l/se- In dysentery attended with bloody stools; in ulceration of the gums, and as a stomachic in dyspepsia. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. in powder. LACTUCA. L. Lactuca? Sativae. Herba: Lactucarium, E. Gar- den Lettuce, and its inspissated juice. (Lactuca Sativa, Syngene- sia JEqualis, N. O. Composita Semiflosculosa, L. Chicoracea, J. Europe. 1.) Prop. The herb has no odour; its taste is slightly bitter, when not blanched- Odour and colour of the extract the same as that of opium: soluble in water : contains resin, extractive mucilage, and probably morphia. Oper. Narcotic, diaphoretic. Use. In coughs, phthisis pulmonalis, and all painful affections- Dose. Of the inspissate;! |uice from gr. j. togr. vj. LACTUCA V1ROSA FOLIUM. E- The Leaves of Strong-scent- ed Lettuce. (Syngenesia Jiiqualis, N. O. Composita Semiflos- culosa, L. Chicoracea, J- Indigenous, t ■) Prop- Odour strong, narcotic, like opium; taste bitter. Oper. Narcotic, diuretic, diaphoretic, gentjy laxative- Use. In dropsies, from visceral obstructions ; the leaves are seldom used, but an extract is made from them- Dosc- See Succus Spissatus- Off- Prep- Succ- Spiss. Lactur,a Virosa, E. LAURI CASSI/E, CORTEX; Flos nondum Explicitus, E. D. The Bark and unopened Flower Buds of the Laurus Cassia. (For Class and Order, see Civnaincmi Cortex.) Prop. Odour and taste of cinnamon, but the bark is mucilaginous ; quills thicker and shorter, with a short smooth fracture ; the budsp have a brown colour, and shape something like a small nail. Oper. and Use. The same as cinnamon. Off. Pr-p. Aq. Lauri Cassia distillata, E. LAPIS CALCAREES. L- Lime Stone. Comp. Carbonic acid 25 to 35 parts, lime 65, united with argil, silex, magnesia, and oxide of iron. Prop. Fracture compact, scaly, or uneven and earthy ; colour gray, dull; semi-rjjsvl; sp. grav. 2-6- Use- To form mne for pharmaceutical purposes. LAVENDUL.E FLORES. L. D. Lavendulae Spica? Flores, E- Lavender Flowers. ( Didynamia, Gymnospermia, N • O. Verti- cillata. South of Europe. V .) Prop. Odour fragrant, agreeable ; taste warm, bitterish ; depending on an essential oil, which is taken up by alcohol. Oper. Stimulant, slightly errhine. I se. When the oil is extracted and united with proof spirit, it is very useful in faintings, paralysis, and as an adjunct to stomachic bitters. The dried leaves were used, formerly, to produce a dis- charge from the mucous membrane of the nose, but are now neglected. Ojf. Prep. OleumLavendula, L. E. D. Spir. Lavendula,L. E.D. Spir- Lavendula Comp. L. E. D. Pulv. Asari Comp. E. D. LAURI BACC/E ET FOLIA. L- Lauri Nobilis Folia, Baccae. L 1 X 99 Oleum Fixum, E. Bay Berries, Leaves, and Oil- (For Class and Order, vide Cinnamomi Cort- Italy- > .) Prop. Odour slightly fragrant; taste pungent, aromatic ; depending on an essential oil. Oper. Stimulant, narcotic, carminative. Use. Seldom used, except as an external application, and generally compounded with other stimulants. Dose- Gr. x. to 3 ss. in powder. Off. Prep. Emplast. Cumini, L. Confectio Ruta, L. LICHEN. L. Lichen Islandicus, E. D. Liver Wort. (Lichen lslandicus, Cryptogamia, Alga. N. O. Alga. Iceland. 4-) Prp. InoJorous; taste bitter, mucilaginous- Oper. Tonic, demulcent, nutrient. Use. Vide Decoct. Lichenis- Dose. 3j. to 3 iv. first steeped in water, holding in solution some carbonate of potash to extract the bitter ; and then boiled in milk, chocolate, or cocoa. Ojf. I'rep. Decoctum Lichenis, L. D. Ll.MONES; LIMONUM BACC/E ET CORTEX; OLEUM; L. Citri Medica? Fructus, Cortex et Oleum Vol. E- Lemon; Fructus, Succus, Epidermis, ejusque Oleum Essentiale, D- Lemons, the bark and oil. (Citrus Medica. For Class and Order, see Au- rantii Bacca. Asia. > -) Prop- Od iut of the fruit fragrant, depending on the essential oil, which gives the rind its warm bitter taste: the juice is sharp, but gratefully acid; spec. grav. 1.0384. It contains citric acid, extract, saccharine mucilage, and water: soon spoils. Oper. Refrigerant, antiseptic- Use. The juice as a beverage, diluted with water and sweetened, ta useful in febrile and inflammatory complaints, cooling and quench- ing thirst; alone, or combined with wine, in scorbutus ; with cam- phor mixture, decoction of cinchona, or wine, in putrid sore throats, remittent fevers, diabetes, and lienteria; and with com- mon salt, in dysentery and colics. Dose, f 3 ij- or more, two or three times a day ; diluted ad libitum. Ojf. Prep. Acidum Citricum- L- D. Syrupus Limonis, L- E. LINIMENTUM /ERUGINIS. L. Oxymel /Eruginis, D. Lini- ment of Verdigris. (JEruginis cont. 3j-, Aceti f3vii., Mellis despumati, pond. 3 xiv- Liquified, strained; inspissated by boil- ing.) Oxymel JEruginis. Oper. Detergent, escharotic. Use. DUuted with water it is useful as a gargle in venereal ulcerations of the mouth and fauces; but much caution is required that none of it be swallowed, and the mouth should always be well cleaned after using it:—to foul ulcers. LINIMENTUM AMMONLE FORTIUS. L. Oleum Ammoniatum, E. Linimentum Ammoniae, D. Strong Liniment of Ammonia. (Liquoris Ammonia f 5 j-, Oliva Oietffij- Shake them together until they mix.) A Soap. Oper- Stimulant, rubefacient. Use- In cynanche tonsillaris, spread on a piece of flannel, and applied round the throat; when the skin is very irritable, a larger propor- tion of oil is requisite. LINIMENTUM AMMONI/E ET ANTIMONU TARTARIZATI. 100 L I .\ U. S. Liniment of Ammonia with Tartarized Antimony- (Lint ment. Amnion, f 3 j- Antim. Tart- 3 j. mix.) Oper. Rubefacient. When continued to be applied to the same part, it produces irritable eruptions resembling small pox pustules- Use. In white swelling, chronic rheumatism, and in cases where setons and issues are indicated. LINIMENTUM AQU/E CALCIS. E. Linimentum Calcis, D. Liniment of Lime Water. (Olei Lini Usitat., Aqua Calcis utriusque partes aquales. Mix.) A Soap. Oper. Cooling, emollient. Use. To burns and scalds, spread thick upon lint, and applied over the affected parts. LINIMENTUM AMMONI/E SUBCARBO.N ATIS. L. Liniment of Subcarbonate of Ammonia. (Liquoris Ammonia Subcarbona- tis f^y, Oliva Ote'f5ij- Shake them together until they mix-) Linimentum Ammonia. Oper. Rubefacient. Use. The same as the strong liniment; but the oil and water are less perfectly united by the subcarbonate, and after a little time sepa- rate. This preparation is superfluous. LINIMENTUM CAMPHOR/E. L. Oleum Camphoratum. E. D. Camphor Liniment. Camphora 3iv., Oliva Olei f3'j- Dissolve.) 3 j- contains gr. xv. of camphor. Oper. Stimulant, anodyne- Use. To glandular swellings, sprains, bruises, and joints affected with chronic rheumatic pains, applied by friction. Mr. Ware recom- mends this liniment, with the addition of Liq. Potassa? Subcarbona- tis 3 iv. to be applied to the edges of the eyelids, night and morn- ing, in incipient amaurosis. LINIMENTUM CAMPHOR/E COMPOSITUM. L. Compound Camphor Liniment. (Camphora 3ij-i Liq. Ammonia f 5 vj., Spir. Lavendula Oj.) « Oper. Stimulant, anodyne. Use. To sprains, bruises, and chronic rheumatic pains. Incomp. All acids, water. LINIMENTUM HYDRARGYRI. L. Mercurial Liniment. (Ung. Hydrarg. fort-, Adipis Praparata sing. 3iv-i Camphora 3j-i Spir- Red. fllxv., Liquoris Ammonia f3iv- First rub the cam- phor with the spirit, then add the ointment and lard, and lastly, gradually, the solution.) Oper- Stimulant, fliscutient. Use. To parts affected with chronic venereal pains, nodes, and tophi; to indolent swellings, and to discuss collections of fluids; 3 j. rub- bed on the affected parts night and morning. LINIMENTUM SAPONIS COMPOSITUM. L. Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, E. Compound Soap Liniment. (Saponis Duri 3 iij., Camphora 3 j-, Spir. Rosmarini Oj.) Oper. Stimulant, anodyne. Use. Against local pains, rubbed on the part: with the addition of Tincture of Spanish Flies, and of opium, we have found this lini- ment of great use in allaying the violent pains of colic, and pro- curing sleep. LINIMENTUM SAPONIS ET OPII. E- Soap and Opium Lini- ment (Saponis Duri 3iv., Opu 3j., Camphora xiy, Olei Ros- marini 5 ss., Aleoholis fbij.) L I Q 101 Oper. Anodyne. Use. In chronic rheumatism and local pains. LINIMENTUM TABAC1. U- S. Tobacco Liniment. (Tabac. concis. 3j- Adip. Ibj. Simmer the tobacco in the lard over a gentle fire until it becomes crisp, and strain.) Oper. Stimulant. Use. In tinia capitis, scabies, hemorrhoids. LINIMENTUM TEREBINTHIN/E. L. Turpentine Liniment. (Cerati Resina Ibj. Ol. Terebinthina Oj. Melt the cerate, and stir in the oil.) Oper. Stimulant. I 'se. To burns; first used for this purpose by Dr. Kentish, then a sur- ;;oon in Newcastle. LINUM CATHARTICUM. L. Linum Catharticum; Herba. D. ['urging Flax. (Pentand- Pentagyn. N. O. Gruinales, L- Cary ophylla, J. North of Europe. ©•) Prop. Odour weak ; taste bitter, subacrid ; infusion yellow. Oper Purgative. Use. In costiveness. Dose. 3j. in substance, or an infusion in water or whey, purges easilv. LINI t SIT \TISSIMI SEMINA. L. E. Linum ; Semina, D. Lin- seed. For Class and Order, see the former article.) Linum Semen. Prop. Seed inodorous, almost tasteless ; small, flat, oval, smooth, sinning, brown ; yielding mucilage to warm water, and oil by ex- pression. Mucilage, clear, colourless, inodorous, nearly insipid. Oper. Demulcent, emollient. Use. The infusion has been already noticed. In substance, the lin- Beed is ground into powder, and used as poultices very advanta- geously. It is preferable on account of the facility with which it is made, the powder being simply stirred into boiling water. To phlegmons, and parts affected with pain and inflammation ; and to gout, the pain of which it has been found to relieve. Ojf. Prep. Oleum Lini, L. E. D. LIQUOR ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS. L. Compound Solution of A uni. (Aluminis, Zinci Sulphatis sing. %f,s., Aq. Ferv- Oij. l)i.->solve, and strain the solution through paper.) Aqua Aluminis Compost .1. Oper- Detergent, stimulant. Use. A- a collyrium, properly diluted, in ophthalmia ; an injection in gleet, and in fluor albus ; and as a lotion for cleaning wounds, and removing cutaneous eruptions. LIQUOR AMMOM.E. L. Aqua Ammonia?, E. Aqua Ammonia? Caustics?, D. Solution of Ammonia. Liquor Ammonia pur a. Comp- Ammoniacal gas 10, (a compound of 82.36 nitrogen, and 17.64 hydrogen,) and 90 water, when of a spec. grav. 0.960- The solution of a spec. grav. 0-936, fixed by the Dublin College, contains more ammoniacal gas. Prop- Odour pungent, strong, peculiar; taste hot, pungent: is co- lourless, transparent, volatile ; absorbs rapidly carbonic acid from the atmosphere, so as to require to be kept well corked up. Oper. Stimulant, antacid, rubefacient. Use. Largely diluted in asphyxia, acidities of the prima? viae, and in listeria: externally it is applied to the nostrils in faintings ; a rag 102 L 1 Q moistened with it, and laid over the scrobiculus cordis, sometimes raises an instantaneous blister, and always proves useful in spasms, Bnd gout of the stomach; a liniment of camphor 3 j. dissolved in olive oil f 3bs. and liq. amnion, f 3 ij- is an excellent application to parts affected with deep-seated inflammation- Dose- ft\x. to fllxx- diluted with water or milk- Incomp. All the metallic salts; the acids; sulphas aluminis. Ojf- Prep- Hydro-Sulphuretum Ammonia, D- Oleum Ammoniatum, E- Spiritus Ammonia, L. D. Linimentum Camphora Comp. L. Linimentum Ammonia, L. D- Spiritus Ammonia Succina- te, L- LIQUOR AMMONITE ACETATIS. L. D. Aqua Acetatis Ammo- nis, E- Solution of Acetate of Ammonia.) Ammonia Carbona- tis 3 ij-i Acidi Acetici Oiv. L., or add the salt till the acid be satu- rated.) Liq- Ammonia Acetata- Comp. Acetate of ammonia, water ; proportions variable. Prop. Inodorous ; taste neutral, nauseous ; colourless. Oper. Sudorific ; externally cooling, astringent. Use. Diluted, in febrile and inflammatory complaints ; as a lotion, to inflamed surfaces, sprains, and fractures ; diluted with rose water, a good collyrium ; and still more diluted, an injection in the com- mencement of gonorrhoea. Dose- f 3 ij. to f 3 xij. every three or four hours- Incomp- Acids, alkalies, nitras argenti. LIQUOR AMMOM/E SUBCARBONATIS. L. E. D. Solution of Subcarbonate of Ammonia. (Ammonia Carbonatis 3vnj-i Aqua Distillata Oj. Dissolve and filter through paper. Spec. grav. 1150.) Use, ire. The same as the Subcarbonate of Ammonia- LfUUOR ARSENICALIS. L. Solutio Arsenicalis, E. Arsenical Solution. (Arsenici Oxydi Prap. inpulverem subtil- triti, Potas- sa Subcarbonatis ex Tartaro sing. gr. Ixiv., Aq. Distil- Oj. Boil them together in a glass vessel until the arsenic be dissolved. When the solution is cold, add Spir. Lavend. comp. f 3 iv. and as much distilled water aB will make up the whole to one pint.) f 3 j. con- tains gr. ss- of the oxyd of arsenic. Comp. Arseniate of potash dissolved in water; the spirit of lavender gives only colour and taste- Oper. Tonic. Use- The same as the oxyd; and in protracted rheumatism, where there is much debility, and the ends of the bones much affected. We have given it with decided advantage in threatened apoplexy, after cupping and purging, when the strength is diminished, and the complexion pale- Dose- ffl.iv. gradually increased to ITlxx. twice aday- LIQUOR CALCIS. L- Solutio Calcis, E- D- Solution of Lime. (Calcis Ibes., Aq. Distillata Ferv. Oxij Pour the water upon the lime, and stir: letting it stand in a covered vessel three hours ; then bottle it, lime and water, in stopped bottles ; and when it is to be used, tuke the clear solution-) Aqua Calcis.. Comp. The clear fluid consists of about gr-j- of lime in every f 3j- of water. Prop- Inodorous; taste austere, acrid, sweetish; colourless, tran«- purent- (For use it should be filtered in a covered funnel, not de- kA .to '. L I Q 103 canted, as ordered by the London College.; Changes vegetable colours green. Oper. Astringent, tonic, antacid, anthelmintic; externally deter- gent. Use. Diarrha?a, diabetes, fluor albus; dyspepsia, when much acid is m the" stomach; in slimy bowels, and worms; externally as a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers; also in tinea capitis and scabies, but with little advantage. Dose, f 5 ij- to Oss. with milk- When long used in dyspepsia, it should be discontinued at intervals. Incomp. Acids, alkaline carbonates, antimonium tart., tartrates, and citrates. Infusions of orange peel, columba, cinchona, rhubarb, and senna. Off. Prep- Oleum Lini cum Calce, E. D. Aqua Calcis Compo- sita, D. LIQUOR CALCIS MURIATIS. L. Solution of Muriate of Lime. (See Solutio Muriatis Calcis-) LIQUOR CUPRI AMMONIATI- L- Aqua Cupri Ammoniati, D. Solution of Ammonisted Copper. (Cupri Ammoniati Zy, Aqua Distil- Oj- Dissolve and filter the solution through paper-) Aqua Cupri Ammoniati- Oper. Corrosive, detergent. Use- Externally to foul ulcers : and, diluted with an equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means of a hair pencil to specks and fihiiB on the eve. LIQUOR FEURI ALKALINE L. Solution of Alkaline Iron. (Ferri 3 ijss-, Acidi Nitricif'i ij., Aq. Distil, f 3 vj., Liq. Potas- sa Subcarbonatis t'3vj. To tiie acid and water mixed, add the iron ; and, after the effervescence, add the clear solution, gradually, to the Liq. Potassa? Subcarbonatis, shaking it occasionally, till it assumes a deep brown red colour, and the effervescence stops. After six hours' settling, pour off the clear solution.) Comp. Nitric acid, red oxyd of iron, potash ; or a double salt, a per- nitrate of iron and carbonate of potash dissolved in water. Prop. Inodorous; taste styptic, slightly alkalescent; clear, of a deep brownish-red colour- Oper. Tonic. Use. The same as of the other salts of iron. Dose, f 3as. to f 3jss. Incomp- Water, alcohol. L IQUOR HYDRARGYRI OXYMURIATIS. L. Solution of Oxymuriate of Mercury. (Hydrarg. Oxymuriatis gr. viij., Aq. Distil. f?xv., Spir. Rect. f?j. Dissolve in the water, and add the spirit.) This preparation is superfluous, except that " it facilitates the admi- nistration of minute divisions of a grain of this active medicine ; f 3 j- contains £ grain of the salt." J9ose. f 3 j. to f 3j- in any mucilage; or in syrup and water. Incomp. Alkalies, and their carbonates, volatile oils, antimonium tar- tarizatum, acetas plumbi, nitras argenti, infusion and decoctions of astringent vegetables, albumen ovi, almond mixture- LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS- L. Liquor Subacetatis Li- thargyri, D. Solution of Subacetate of Lead. (Plumbi Oxydi Semivitrei Ibij., Acidi Acetici eongium- Mix, and boil down to F 2 1.94 L 1 Q Ovj. constantly stirring; then, after the fecutencies have subsided - filter-) Liquor Litharg-yri Aeetati. Comp. Oxyd of lead 23, acetic acid 5.9, water 71.1 in 100 parts. Prop- Odour acetous; taste austere, astringent, sweetish; a dense fluid of a deep golden-brown colour. Oper. Externally cooling, astringent, discuticnt- Use. Dilute.! with forty times its quantity or distilled water, it is a useful application to phlegmonous inflammations and burns ; and still more diluted, it forms a good collyrium- Incomp. Mucilaginous solutions or decoctions; common pump wa- ter. Ojf. Prep. Liq- Plumbi Subacitatas Dihitus. L. D- LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBAC ETATIS DILI PUS. L- Liquor Su- bacetatis Lithargyri Composites, I). Diluted Solution of Subace- tate of Lead. (Liq. Plumbi Subnet, f 3 j., Aq. Distill. Oj., spir. Tcnuioris f 3 j.) Aqua Lithargyri Aeetati Composite- The intention of the London and Dublin Colleges, in giving a formula for this mixture, appears to be chiefly with a view of showing that distilled water is requisite. The proportion of spirit is too small. LIQUOR POTASS/E. L. Aqua Potassa?, E. Aqua Kali Cuustici, D. Solution of Potash. (Potassa Subcarbonatis Ibj., Calcis rr- centis Ibss., Aqua Dist- Ferv. congium. Dissolve the alkali in Oij- of the water, and add the remainder to the lime. Mix the whole; set it aside in a close veBsel, and when it is cold, filter through cali- co.) Aqua kali puri. Oj-should weigh 3xvj. Prop. Inodorous; taste caustic, alkalescent; colourless: appearance oily when shaken; more dense than water; feels soapy between the fingers, owing to the solution of the cuticle ; will not effervesce with acids; spec, grav- according to the Dublin formula 1100. Oper. Lithontriptic in some cases; antacid ; externally escharotic, stimulant. Use. The reputation of alkalies in calculus is not so high as former- ly ; potash acts on uric calculi, and, therefore, may be useful in ne- phritic calculus; but its chief use is in preventing the formation of uric acid. It neutralizes acids in the stomach; and is useful in lepra vulgaris, psoriasis, and some other cutaneous complaints. Externally diluted, as a lotion in rachitis and gouty swellings. Dose. fllx. to f3ss in chicken broth three or four times a day. When u&ed to counteract acidity, a bitter should be united to it. Incomp- Acids, metallic salts. LIQUOR POTASS/E SUBCARBONATIS. L. Aqua Subcarbo- natis Kali, D. (Potassa Subcarbonatis Ibj., Aqua Distillata t"3 xij. Dissolve and filter through paper.) Aqua Kali Propa- rati. Oper. Antacid, diuretic. Use. In acidity of the stomach; most advantageous when united with myrrh- R Pulv. Myrrha 3j-, Liq. Potassa Subcarbon. f 3 iv- Infuse for four days, filter through paper, and give it in the same doses as the liquor. Dose. fllx. to f 3 ss. in any bitter infusion. LIQUOR VOLATILIS CORNU CERVTNL D. Volatile Liquor of Hartshorn. (A solution of subcarbonate of ammonia, impreg- nated with empyreumatic oil.) Prop. Odour ammoniacal and foetid; taste pungent, acrid; transpa- rent, generally of a pale straw colour. MAG IflS Use. See Liquor Ammoniae Subcarbonatis, from which it differs onlv in containing the empyreumatic oil. 'uiitrs only URIODENDRON. U. S Tahp tree. (Lirio(lendron Tu, Monac Polyand. N. O. Coadunata, L- Ma«nolia J Vu\ ted States. •>.) Cortex. The bark. jnaJno1^ J- I "i- Comp. Contains resin, gum fecula and mucous matter Prop- Bitter, aromatic, and slightly astringent Oper. Stimulant, tonic. • . ' Use. Has been chiefly used in intermittents and chronic rheumatism C^f T^ 3i- ,0 3 'I' The bark of the "Jot .KghTo r ,™,,e,£e*J- , £root sPlr,t8 ,s the llest menstruum- S LITMUS; LACMUSTINCTORIUS.D. Litmus or Archil. (Lichen Roccella. Cryptogamia Alga, N- O. ^W. Azores. 4') Prop. Inodorous ; taste saltisTi, and when chewed, subacrid. Use. Colour blue or violet. As a test of great delicacy for acids To prepare it, the plant is reduced to powder; some of the soda of commerce is then added to it; and it is repeatedly moistened rtheiTied ' TehrmeDt?' and fadUa"? aC(>Uire9 * viole't colour ; it is then dried. The watery infusion of it, or paper stained wiJh it inanv fluT686"06 *" otherwise ™P«ceptible portion of acid Lfwi^'i?"n ^dia" Tobacc°- (Lobelia Inflate, .MimodeZp/i. 00 Herba.' TheZfb™""' ^obeliacea, J. United States. Comp. Contains an acrid principle, caoutchouc, extractive matter. ZP,'J\ aste acr'd> Pungent, and nauseous. The active properties may be extracted by water or alcohol. Oper. An acrid emetic and narcotic; in small doses expectorant. A most dangoroua remedy when overdosed. Use- Asthma, croup, pertussis. Dose. Gr. y. to 3j- of the powdered leaves for an emetic ; of the sa- turated tincture f3j. to f 3 ij. at convenient intervals. Ojf. Prep. Tinct. Lobelia, U. S. L™™UMSALICARIA; HERBA. D' Salicaria- Loosetrife. (Dodecand Monogyn. NO Calycanthema, L. Europe 11} Prop. Inodorous; taste herbaceous, subastringent. Oper. Astringent, tonic. Use. In diarrhoea, and chronic dysentery. Dose, f 3 iij. of a decoction, made by boiling 3 j. of the herb in Qj. of water down to Oss., twice or thrice a day. MAGNESIA- L. E. Magnesia Usta, D. Magnesia. (Obtained from Carbonate of Magnesia, by exposure to a stroni? heatO Mag- nesia Usta- ' a Comp. A metallic base, named by Sir H. Davy magnesium 60, and oxygen 40, in 100 parts. Prop- Inodorous ; taste very slightly bitter; in the form of a powder white, light, spongy, soft; spec. grav. 2.3, requiring 2000 times its weight of water for its solution. Oper. Antacid, laxative when it meets with acid in the stomach. Use. In heartburn, apthae, and other acidities; preferable to chalk when the bowels are costive. Sometimes it is given in dysentery, combined with ipecacuanha and opium, and followed by successive draughts of lemonade- Dote- Gr- x- to 3 i-occasionally, in water or milk. MAGNESI/E SUBCARBONAS. L. Magnesiae Subcarbonas E F 3 106 M A N Magnesia, D. (Prepared from Sulphate of Magnesia by Subcar- bonate of Potash.) Magnesia Alba- Comp Carbonic acid 40, magnesia 43, water 17 parts in 100- (Dal- ton.) Prop. Inodorous, insipid ; light, white, spongy, opaque ; effervescing with acids; insoluble in water; spec. grav. 0.2941. Oper- Antacid, laxative when it meets with acid. Use. The same as that of magnesia; but, owing to the carbonic acid, it sometimes occasions unpleasant distention. Dose- 3 ss- to 3 ij. in water. Off- Prep- Magnesia, L- E- D- Hydrargyrus cum Magnesia, D- MAGNESI/E SULPHAS. L- E- D- Sulphate of Magnesia. (Ge- nerally obtained from sea water.) Magnesia Vitriolata. Comp- Sulphuric acid 29.35, magnesia 17, water of crystallization 53-65 parts in 100. (Bergman.) Prop- Taste bitter, disagreeable; in acicular crystals, which occa- sionally, owing to an admixture of muriate of magnesia, deli- quesce ; the pure sulphate effloresces ; sp. grav. 1.66; soluble in an e«;ual part of* water at 60°, increasing the volume of the .water 4 tenths- Prop- Purgative, diuretic. Use. In all cases which require purgatives. It operates without griping, anil, when united with infusion of roses acidulated, will sit on the stomach when all other things are rejected. The more it is diluted, the better and more easily it operates. An adjunct to clysters. Dose- 3 88. to 3 ij- dissolved in gruel or water 0j.: or 3 ij., in any vehicle, frequently repeated. In clysters 3jss. to 3'ij- Incomp. The fixed alkalies and their carbonates, lime water, muriate of barytes, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead. Ojf. Prep. Enema Catharticum, D. Enema Fatidum, D. MALVA- L- Malvae Sylvestris Herba, Flores, E. Common Mal- low. (Monodelphia Polyand. N. O. Columnifera, L. Malva- cea, J. Indigenous. 4-) Prop. Inodorous; taste weak, herbaceous, mucilaginous. Oper. Demulcent, lubricant. Use. Dysenteries, ischuria, nephritis, strangury; but much inferior to decoction of Althea- In clysters, in nephritic colic, and tenesmus- Externally in cataplasms and fomentations- Dose. The decoction ad libitum. Incomp. Liquor plumbi subacetatis, and other salts of lead. MANNA. L. E. Manna, Succus Concretes, D. Manna- (Fraxi- nus Ornus, Polygam. Dioecia- N. O. Sepiarea, L. Jasminea, J. South of Europe. 4-) Obtained by spontaneous exudation and incisions. Comp. Saccharine matter, nauseous extractive, mucilage. Prop- Inodorous; sweetish, with a very slight degree of bitterness; in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale yellow colour, opaque; solu- ble in water and alcohol. Oper. Laxative ; apt to gripe- Use- As a purgative for children, who readily take it on account of its sweetness; but more generally as'an adjunct to other purga- tives- Dose. 3 *• to 3 'j- alone, or dissolved in fluid purgatives. Off. Prep. Confectio Cassia, L. E. D- Enema Catharticum. D. Enema Fatidum, D. Syrvpus Senna, D. MEL 10; MANGANESIUM- D. Native or Black Oxyd of Manganese. (A peroxide.) Comp. Manganese (a peculiar metal) 60, oxygen40, in 100 parts. Prop. In friable dull black masses ; becomes gray when exptraed to great heat, and affords abundance of oxygen gas. Use. In pharmaceutical operations ; for procuring oxygen gas ; and for fumigation in cases of infection. (B; Soda Muriatis ;'v-i Mauganesii Oxydi %y, Acidi Sulphurici f%j-, Aqua C$\y Mix the acid and water, and pour the mixture over the other ingre- dients, in a china basin, placed in a pipkin of hot sand.) The doors and windows of the room under fumigation must be closely shut for an hour or two ; then thrown open, and a current of air allowed to pass through it. MARAIOR ALBUM. L. White Marble. Carbonis Calcis dura. Prop. Colour various shades of white; internal lustre vitreous; fracture foliated; brittle; spec. grav. from 2.7 to 2.84. It has scarcely any taste, and is composed of 43.14 of carbonic acid, and 5686of lime. MARRUBIUM. L. Marrubii Vulgaris Herba, E. Marrubium Al- bum ; Folia, D. White Horehound. (Didynam. Gymnosperm. N. O. Verticillata, L. Labiata, J. Europe. 4-) Prop. Odour strong, not unpleasant; taste bitter. Oper. Tonic, diuretic, laxative ; emmenagogue ■? Use. In hysteria ; chronic catarrh and pituitous asthma ; obstruction of the catamenia ; seldom used. Dose. In powder 3ss. to 3j.: of the expressed juice f 3 ss. to f 3 jss. ; or of this infusion Marrub. Fol. 3 88., Aq. Ferv. Oj.) a large glass- ful twice or thrice a day. MARUM SYRIACUM; HERBA. D. Syrian Herb Maetich. (Teu. crium Marum, Didynam. Gymnosperm N. O. Verticillata, L. Labiata, J. Syria. ^ .) Prop. Odour, when rubbed, not unlike that of volatile alkali ; taste aromatic, bitterish ; depending on an essential oil. Oper. Sternutatory. Use. As an adjunct to errhine powders. Ojf- Prep. Pulvis AsariComp. E. D. MASTICHE. L. Pistacia Lentisci Resina, E. Mastic. (Dioecia Pentandria, N. O. Amcntacea, L. Terebintacea, J. Spain, Chios. ^.) Comp. Resin, essential oil, and a matter resembling caoutchouc. Prop. Odour agreeable when heated; almost insipid; in globular, irregular, yellowish, semi-transparent masses: soluble in aether, partially in alcohol. Oper. Stimulant, sialogogue 1 Use. In old obstinate coughs; gleet; and, chewed, in paralysis of the tongue. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. twice a day. MEL. L. D. Honey (Collected from Flowers by the Apis Mel{i- fica.) Comp. Saccharine matter, mucilage; some acid, occasionally essen- tial oil; varying according to the kinds of plants used by the bee. Prop. Odour peculiar; tasto sweet, and slightly acrid ; the best is limpid, containing small concretions ; nearly colourless; and tena- cious, a Oper. Aperient, externally detergent; stimulant. 108 MEN Use. Seldom used internally as a medicine ; but when freely eaten it is apt to produce colic: externally, as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris ; in aphthae; sometimes applied to foul ul- cers. Off. Prep. Mel Despumatum, L. D. MEL DESPUMATUM. L. D. Clarified Honey (Melt the honey in a water bath; then take off the scum.) Prgp. Limpid ; so consistent, that when divided with the edge of the spoon, it does not again instantly unite; spec. grav. 1.31. Use. The same as that of honey; for pharmaceutical purposes. Off. Prep. Mel Boracis, L. Mel Rosa, L. D. Oxymel, L. D. Oxymel JEruginis, D. Oxymel Colchici, D. Oxymel Scilla, L.J). MEL BORACIS. L. Honey of Borax. (Boracis Contriti, 3 j., Mellis Despumati 3j- Mix.) . Oper. Detergent. Use. Applied to the tongue, and insides of the cheeks, in aphthous affections, and in ptyalism. MEL ROS/E. L. D. Rose Honey. (Rosa Gallica Petalorum Etsicat. 3iy-, Aqua Ferv. Oiij., Mellis Despum. lbv. Infuse the roses six hours ; add the strained liquor to the honey, and boil to a proper consistence in a water bath.) Prop. Odour that of the rose; taste sweet, astringent; colour red; limpid, tenacious. Oper. Astringent, detergent. Use- Chiefly in gargles, in ulceration, and inflammation of the mouth and fauces: (IJ: Mel Rosa 3j-i Acidi Muriatici fllxxx.;) form a good detergent in aphtha gangrenosa; as a vehicle for other reme- dies in infantine diseases. Dose. Zy to 3iv. MEL SCILL/E COMPOSITUM. U. S. Compound Honey of Squill. (Scilla siccata et contusa. Senega cont.usa, aa 3 >v- Aqua Oiv. Boil over a gentle fire until the water is half con- sumed ; strain and add, of clarified honey two pounds; boil to three pints, and dissolve in every ounce of this liquor, one grain of tartarized antimony.) Prop. Mawkish bitter-sweet and stimulant, leaving a peculiar im- pression about the fauces. , Oper. Stimulant, expectorant. Use. In croup after proper depletion and evacuants. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 ss. to a child of one or two years. MEL1SS.E OFFICINALIS FOLIA. E. Balm. (Didynam. Gym- nosptrmia, N. O. Verticillata, L. Labiata, J. Alps. 4-) Melissa folia. Prop- Odour pleasant, something like that of a lemon; taste austere, aromatic. Oper. Stomachic, diuretic Use. Made into tea, it is used as a diluent in febrile diseases ; seldom used in substance. Dose. Of the powder gr. x. to 3ij. MENTHA PIPERITA. L. E. Mentha Piperitis; Herba, D. Pep- permint. (Didynamia Gymnospermia, N. O. Verticillata, L- Labiata, J. Indigenous. 4-) Mentha Piperitis. Prop. Odour strong, agreeable; taste pungent, aromatic, and pro- M I S 109 duiing^a sensation of coldness in the mouth ; depending on an es- sential oil and Camphor. Oper- Stomachic, carminative. Isr. Vide under Aqua et Oleum Mentha? Piperita?. Dost- Gr. x to Z j. scarcely ever used in substance. Off. Pr p. ,-lqua Mentha Piperita, L. E. D. Oleum Mentha Pipe- rita, L. E- D. Spir. Mentha Piperita, L. E. MKNT11A VIRIDJS. L- Mentha Sativa; Folia, D. Spearmint. (Class and Order as above.) Mentha Sativa. Prop. Odour strong, aromatic : taste warm, austere, bitterish. Optr. Stomachic, carminative. I'si. Vide under Aqua et Ol. Mentha? Viridis. An infusion of it is a good diluent in febrile diseases. Dose. Gr. x. to Z j. scarcely ever used in substance. Off. Prep. Aqua Mc,-t!:a Viridis.,h. D. Ol. Mentha Viridis, L. D. Spir- Mentha Vir. L. Infusum Mentha Compositum, D. MENYANTIU'.S. L- Menyanthis Trifoliate: Folia, E. Trifolium Paludosum, D. Buck Bean. (Pentandria Monogy.iia, N. O. I'recia, L. Lysimachia, J. Europe. 4-) Trifolium Palu- dosum. Prop. Inodorous ; teste intensely bitter; water extracts it. Oper. Tonic, diuretic, purgative ; in large doses emetic. Osc In intermittents, arthritic and chronic rheumatic affections, and in cachectic and herpetic diseases. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. of the dried leaves powdered; f 3j- to f 3jss- of this infusion, (Meuyanth. fol. sic. 3 ss., Aqua Oss.) MEZEREI CORTEX. L. Daphnes Mezerei Cortex, E. Mezereon; Radicis Cortex, D. Mezereon Bark- (Octand. Monogyn. N. O. Vepricula,L. Thymalaa,L. North of Europe. V) Prop. Inodorous; taste, when chewed for some time, acrid, burning ; yields its virtues to water and vinegar. Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic; in large doses emetic. Use. In venereal diseases, but its efficacy is doubtful. It is some- times useful in the sequelae of syphilis; in chronic rheumatism*; lepra, and scrofulous swellings ; and chewing frequently thin slices of the recent root has been found useful in palsy of the tongue : ex- ternally the fresh bark soaked in vinegar is useful for keeping open issues. Dose- Of the powder gr. j. gradually increased to gr. x. Vide Decoc- tions. Off. Prep. Decoctum Daphnes Mezerei, E. Decoct. Sarsaparilla Comp. L. D. MILLEPED/E; SPIRITUS VIM VAPORE ENECAT/E. D. (Slaters, or Wood Lice, killed by the vapour of Spirit of Wine. Oniscus Asellus, Insecta Aptera, L. In Gnathaptera, Cuv- In houses, cellars, under stones, &c.) Prop. Odour faint, disagreeable ; taste nauseous, sweetish. Use. Formerly in humoral asthma, and dropsy ; but now deservedly rejected by every sensible practitioner. MISTURA AMMONIACI. L. Lac Ammoniaci, D- Mixture of Ammoniac. (Ammoniaci 3 ij., Aqua Oss. Rub the Ammoniacum, adding the water gradually, until they be perfectly mixed.) Lac Ammoniaci. Comp. Resin and oil suspended by means of gum in water; when kept the resin separates- no m i s Oper. and Use- The same as of the ammoniac. Dose- f 3 ss. to f 3 j. united with ipecacuanha, &c. Incomp. Oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of potash, oxymel, aether, Bpirit of nitric aether. MISTURA AxMMONIACI ET ANTIMONII. U. S. Mixture of Ammoniacum and Antimony. WHITE MIXTURE. (Mistura Ammoniaci f 3 iv., Vini Antimonii tartarizati f 3 iv., Syrupi Tolu- tani f 3j-i Tinct. Camph- Opiata f 3 iv. Mix.) Prop. Colour white, taste bitter and nauseous- Oper. Expectorant and diaphoretic. Use- In asthma and chronic catarrh. Dose. From f 3 j. f 3ss. MISTURA AUYGDALARUM. L. Emulsio Amygdala? Commu nis, E- Lac Amygdalae, I). Almond Mixture- (Confectionis Amygdala 3ij-i Aq. Distillata Oj. Rub together, adding the wa- ter by degrees, and strain.) Lac Amygdala. Comp. The oil of the almond suspended in water by means of its mucilage; and fecula. Oper. Demulcent, cooling : if the bitter almond be used, sedative. Use. In catarrh, gonorrhoea, strangury, hectic fever. , Dose- f 3jss. to Oss. or ad libitum. Incomp- Acids, and all acidulous salts, spirits, tinctures, spirit of ni- tric a;ther, and common pump water. MISTURA ASSAFCETJD/E. L. Lac Assafcetidae, D. Mixture of Assafcetidu. (Assafatida 3 ij., Aqua Oss. Rub together, adding the water by degrees.) Lac Assafatida- Comp. Resin and essential oil, suspended by gummy extractive in water. •" Oper. The same as of the gum resin. Use- In hysteria: and in spasmodic and convulsive affections, when pills cannot be swallowed. As a clyster in the irritations of the bowels which occur during dentition, and those produced by ascarides- Dose. f 3ss. to f 3jss. frequently repeated during a paroxysm of hys- teria, or the continuance of spasm- MISTURA CAMPHOR/E. L. Emulsio Camphora?, E. Mistura Camphorata, 1). Camphor Mixture. (Camphora 3ss., Spir. Rectif. fllx.. Aqua Oj. Rub the camphor with the spirit, then gradually add the water, and strain.) Comp. Camphor gr-j- l-6lli, in water f 3j-1* Oper. The same as that of the camphor, only in a weaker degree. Use- In fainlings, typhus, and nervous fevers; but seldom given alone; the quantity of camphor being too small. Dose, f 3 f-s. to f 3 ij. united with cordial tinctures. MISTURA CORNU USTI. L. Decoctum Cornu Cervini, D- Mix- ture of Burnt Hartshorn. (Cornuum Ust. 3'j-i Acacia Gummi Cont. 3j., AquxOWy Boil to Oij-, constantly stirring, and strain.) Decoctum Cornu Usti. This preparation is both unchemical and useless; none of the harts- horn being dissolved. MISTURA CRET/E. L. D. Potio Carbonatis Calcis, E- Chalk * PowelVs Trans, of Lond. Pharm- M O R Mixture. (Creta p. ;8»- Sacchari pur. 3 iij-, Acacia Gummi 3 ss., Aqua Oj. Mix.) Mistura Cretacea. Oper. Antacid, absorbent. Use- In acidities of the stomach, particularly tliose attending denti- tion, provided the bowels be kept open ; in diarrhoeas, united with opium and catechu. Dose, f 5j- to f3ij- every three or four hours; or after every liquid motion. MISTURA FERRI COMPOSITA. L. Compound Mixture of Iron- (Myrrha cont. Zy, Potassa Subcarb. gr. xxv., Aq. Rosa f 3 vijss., Ferri Sulph. cont. 3j., Spir. Myristica f 3ss-, Sacch- pur. Zy Rub together the myrrh, subcarbonate of potash, and 6ugar ; then add, while triturating, the rose water, spirit of nutmeg, and, lastly, the sulphate of iron. Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and stop it close.) i Comp. The salts are decomposed, and the mixture contains subcarbo- nate of iron, and sulphate of potash, suspended with the other in- gredients. Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue. Use. In all cuses in which preparations of'iron are useful; particu- larly in hysteria and chlorosis, depending on weak arterial action, after unloading the stomach and bowels. Does, f 3 j. to f 3 ij- twice or three times a day. MISTURA GUAIACI. L. Mixture of Guaiac (Guaiaci Gummi Res. Z jss., Sacch. pur- 3 ij-, Muc. Acacia Gum. fZ'iy, Aq. Cin- nam. f 3 viij. Rub the Guaiacum with the sugar, then with the mucilage; and add gradually the cinnamon water.) Lac Guaiaci. Oper. The same as the guaiacum in substance. Use- In rheumatism, retrocedent gout, and dropsy. Dose- f 3 bs. to f 5 >j- night and morning ; diluting freely with tepid barley water or gruel. MISTURA MAGNESI/E. U. S. Magnesia Mixture. (Magnesia Zy, Aq. Amnion- Carbon- f 3 j., Aq. Cinnamon, f 3 iij-, Aq. Distil- lat. fjvss. Miz.) Oper. Laxative, antacid, and stomachic. Use- In debility of the digestive functions accompanied by acidity of stomach, gout, &c. Dose. From f * ss. to f 3 ij- as occasion may require. MISTURA MOSCHI. L. Musk Mixture. (Moschi, Acacia Gummi cont. Sacch. purif. sing. Zy, Aq. Rosa f3yj- Rub the muBk with the sugar, then add the gum, and, by degrees, the rose water.) .Mistura Moschata. Oper. Antispasmodic, diaphoretic. Use. This is a convenient form of exhibiting musk. The late Mr. White, of Manchester, found the musk mixture, combined with ammonia 3bs. spirit of lavender f 3 j. and spirit of juniper f3j-i °f great utility in sloughing phagedenic ulcers, of a syphilitic and strumous nature. l)-i>t. f 3 ss. to f j ij- every four or five hours. Incomp. Oxymurias hydrargyri, sulphas ferri, mineral acids, infusion of yellow cinchona. MORI BACC/E. L. Mulberries. (.Morus Nigra, Monoccia Tetran- dria.N-O. Scabrida, L. Urtica,J. Italy. } ■) 112 M U R Prop. Inodorous; taste sweet, subacid; contains tartaric acid, jelly, and mucus. Oper. Cooling, laxative. Use. Seldom used medicinally; as an article of food they are wholesome, unless eaten too freely, in which case they* occasion diarrhoea. Off. Prep. Syrupus Mori, L. MOSCHUS. L. E. D- Musk. (Moschus Moschiferus, the Musk Deer. Mammalia, Pecora, L- Ruminantia, Cuv. Asia.) Prop. Odour peculiar, aromatic,strong, durable; taste bitterish ; co- lour dark reddish-brown ; feel slightly unctuous; partially soluble in water, yielding to it its taste and smell; soluble in alcohol and sul- phuric acid, with the loss of its odour. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. Use. In spasmodic affections, as 'hysteria, singultus, pertussis, tris- mus and epilepsy ; in which we nave seen it, when given to the extent of 3 ss-three times a day, stop the fits in an old and con- firmed case for three months-, In typhus attended with subsultus tendinum; in cholera it checks the vomiting; and it arrests the progress of gangrene. It raises the pulse, and excites the nervous system without heating. Dose. Gr. ij. to 3j- every three or four hours, in a bolus. Off. Prep. Mistura Most hi, L. Tinct. Moschi, D. MUCILAGO ACACLE. L. Muc Acacia? Arabica?, E. Muc Gummi Arabici, D Mu?ilage of Acacia. (Acacia Gummi cont. 3 iv., Aq. Fero.Osi- Rub the gum with the water gradually added, and strain.) Mucilago Gummi Arabici- Oper. Demulcent. Use. To allay the tickling which keeps up the cough in catarrh ; but chiefly to suspend insoluble matters in water, and thin fluids. Dose- f 3j. to f 3j- united with syrup of poppies, occasionally. Incomp. Alcohol, aether, the metallic salts. Off. Prep. Mistura Guaiaci, L. Potio Carbonatis Calcis, E. MUCILAGO ASTRAGALI TRAGACANTH/E- E. Muc Gummi Tragacanthas, D- Mucilage of Tragacanth- (Gummi Astragali Tragacantha Triti Z\y,Aq. Bull, f 3 viij. Macerate for twenty- four hours ; then triturate till the gum is dissolved, and press through linen cloth.) .Mucilago Gummi Tragacantha. Use. For pharmaceutical purposes. Off. Prp. Pulv. Truoaeaitthtr Comp. L. MUCILAGO AM YLI. LED- Mucilage of Starch. (Amyli 3 iij., AquieOy Rub tli,-starch with the water, gradually added, then boil till it fonns a mucilage.) Prop- A gelatinous, opaline-coloured, insipid, inodorous solution; soluble in boiling water, insoluble in alcohol. Oper. Demulcent, sheathing. Use- Seldom given by the mouth, except in abrasions of the stomach ; but frequently as clysters in diarrhoea, dysentery, and other in- testinal irritations : particularly as a vehicle for exhibiting opium in enema. MURIAS BARYTA- E- Muriate of Barytes. (From the carbo- nate.) Comp. Muriatic acid 23.35, baryta 61.85, water 14.80 parts, when in crystals. (Berzelius.) Prop. Inodorous ; taste bitter, disagreeable ; crystals colourless, per- N U X 113 manent tables; soluble in three parts of water at 60°, scarcely at all in alcohol. Use- For making the solution. Ojf. Prep. Solutio Muriates Baryta, E. MURIAS SOD/E SICCATUM D. E- Dried Muriate of Soda. (Common salt deprived of its water of crystallization by heat.) Soda Muriata- Use- For the distillation of muriatic acid, which it affords colour- less. MYRISTIC/E NUCLEI. L- Myristica Moechata- Nuelei, Involvu- crum, vulgo Macis, E- D. Nux Moschata Dietus ; Macis, it ejus Oleum Volatile, E- D- Nutmeg* ; Mace, and the Essential Oil- (Dioecia Monadelph- N. O. Lauri, J. The Moluccas.' 'f •) Prop- Nutmegs have a fragrant, aromatic odour, and an agreeable pungent taste; are roundish, grayish brown, streaked, unctuous, and easily cut. Alcohol extracts their active matter. The mace is membraneous, of a red-yellow colour, unctuous, with the odour and taste of the nutmeg. The oil is colourless, possessing the odour and teste of the nutmeg in an eminent degree. Oper- Stimulant, stomachic, narcotic in large doses. Us%. To relieve nausea and vomiting, and to check diarrhrea ; but ■ chiefly to give flavour to othef remedies. Being narcotic, they are - hurtful in apoplectic and paralytic habits. Dose. Of the nutmeg and mace gr. v. to 3j.; of the oil fllij. to nivj. Off. Prep. Of the Nutmeg, Spiritus Myristica, L. E. D. Spir. La- vendula Comp. L. E. D- Spir. Raphani Comp. D. Confectio Aromatica, L. D. Electuarium Catechu, E. D. Pulvis Carbo- natis Calcis Contp. D. Troch- Carbonat. Calcis, E- D- Ot the Oil, Spir. Ammonia Aromat- D- Pilula Scilla, D- Emplast. Picis Comp. L- MYRRHA- L- E. Myrrha, Gummi Resina, D- Myrrh. (The exu- dation of an unknown plant. Abyssinia, Arabia Felix.) Comp. Resin, muco-extractive, essential oil- Prop. Odour fragrant, peculiar; taste bitter, aromatic ; in reddish- yellow, light, brittle, irregular tears; partially soluble in distilled water, when aided by friction ; alcohol dissolves only the resin ; soluble in alkalies ; spec- grav- 1.360 : easily pulverized. Oper. Stimulant, expectorant- Use. In cachectic complaints, humoral asthma, chronic catarrh, and phthisis pulmonalis unattended by hectic or much active inflamma- tion. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j- in powder, united with nitre, camphor, sulphate of potash, sulphate of zinc, or of iron. Ojf. Prep. Tinct. Myrrha, L. E. D. Tinct. Aloes et Myrrha, E. Tinct. Aloes JEtherea, E. Pilula Aloes cum Myrrha, L- E. D- Pil. Ferri cum Myrrha,L. Pil. Galbani Comp. L. D. Pil. Assa- fatida Comp. E- Pil. Rhei Comp- E. NUX VOMICA. U. S. Vomic Nut. (Stychnos Nux Vomica, Pentand. Monogyn. N. O. Solanacea. East Indies. ^ •) Se- mina. The seeds- Prop. Bitter and acrid. Oper. Narcotic; a most powerful stimulant of the nervous system, producing spasmodic contractions, convulsions, and tefjipj ri- gidity. 114 OLE Use. Mania, epilepsy; but it is now most esteemed in paralysis. Given in substance or in tincture. Dose. Gr. iij. to gr. v- of the powder given in pill, and gradually in- creased, watching its effects on the system, as it is a mostdangerous remedv when overdosed. OLEUM/ETHEREUM. L. /Ethereal Oil. (Formed in the distilla- tion of /Ether.) Oleum Vini. Comp. The same as aether, with a larger proportion of carbon. (Vau- quclin.) Prop. Odour and taste of aether ; less volatile ; oily, thick, of a yel- low colour; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Use. As an ingredient in the compound spirit of sother. Off. Prep. Spiritus JEtheris Compositus, L. D. OLEUM AMYGDALARUM L. Ol. Amygdala? Communis, E. Ol. Amygdalarum, D. Oil of Almonds. (Expressed from both Bweet and bitter almonds-) 3xvj- of Almonds yield 3v-°f °'i- Oleum Amygdala- Prop- Inodorous, insipid; of a pale straw colour; unctuous, limpid, lighter than w^ter; insoluble in water and alcohol, but miscible in distilled water by means of mucilage or yolk of egg ; attracts oxygen from the atmosphere, and becomes dense, viscid, and rancid. Oper- Demulcent, emollient. Use- In catarrh and coughs, united with water by means of mucilage and sugar, or a few drops of liquor ammonia?. An injection com- posed of oil of almonds f3iv. and solution of subacetate of lead fllviij. is said to be useful at the commencement of gonorrhoea. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3j- OLEUM ANISI. L. Ol. Volatile Pimplnella; Anisi, E. Ol. Semi- num Anisi, D. Oil of Anise. (Obtained by distillation from the seeds.*) Prop. Odour that of the vegetable; taste pungent, bitter sweetish ; very pale yellow colour; crystallizes at 50°, in flat tables. Oper- Stimulant, carminative Use- In flatulent colic. Dose, fllv- to fllxv- rubbed up with sugar and camphor mixture. Off Prep. Tinctura Opii Ammoniata, E. Tinctura Opii Campho- rata, E- OLEUM ANTHEMIDIS. L E. Oil of Chamomile. (By distilla- tion from the flowers.) Oleum Chamomeli. * All the essential oils are volatile at a low temperature; soluble in alcohol, and separated from it by water; highly inflammable; and decomposed in a high temperature, hydrogen being evolved, and charcoal obtained. Their components are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; and they differ from the fixed oils, in containing less carbon in proportion to the hydrogen. They unite with difficulty with the alkalies, more easily with their carbonates; and can be suspended in water by means of sugar and mucilage. Their adulteration with fixed and cheaper essential oils is detected by evaporating a drop on paper, and examining the odour; and observing whether a greasy stain be left on the paper, which is the case with fixed oil; with alco- hol they become milky on the addition of water to the suspected oil. OLE 115 Prop. Odour that of the flower; taste pungent; colour when recent, cerulean blue; but when old, a dark yellow. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Use. In colics, cramps of the stomach, and as an adjunct to purga- tive pills- Dose, fflv. to fllx. OLEUM CARUI. L. Oleum Seminum Carui, D. Oil of Carra-' way. (By distillation from the seeds-) Prop. Odour that of the seeds ; taste pungent, sweetish; colour yel- low ; tenacious. Oper. Stimulant, carminative. Use. In flatulent colic ; and as an adjunct to purgative pills. Dose- fllj. to fllx. Ojf. Prep. Electuarium Senna, D. Confectio Scammonii, L. Pi- lula Aloes Comp. L- Pilula Aloes cum Myrrha, D. OLEUM CIIENOPODII. U-S. Oil of Wormseed. (By distilla- tion from the seed.) Prop. Odour strong, taste bitter, with considerable aromatic acri- mony. Oper. Anthelmintic. Dose- To children from fllv. to fllx. in sugar. OLEUM CORNU CERVINI RECT1F1CATUM, D. Rectified Oil of Hartshorn. (Distilled from what ascends in the preparation of ammonia from bones.) Prop. Odour and taste pungent, subtle, not disugreeable; thin, limpid. Comp. Hydrogen, carbon. Oper. Antispasmodic, anodyne, diaphoretic, externally stimujant. Use. At the accession of the paroxysm of intermittents; epilepsy and hysteria; externally to paralytic limbs. Dose- fllx. to fllxxx- in water. OLEUM SEMINUM FCENICULI DULCIS, D. Oil of Fennel Seeds. (By distillation from the seeds.) Prop. Odour that of fennel; teste pungent, sweetish, hot; colour aqueous ; congeals under 32°. Oper. and Use- The same as of the seeds. Dose, fllij- to fllxx- OLEUM JUNIPERI. L. Ol. Volatile Juniperi Communis, E- Ol- Baccarum Juniperi, D- Oil of Juniper. (By distillation from the berries.) Ol. Juniperi Bacca. Prop. Odour similar to that of turpentine : taste acrid, hot, similar to that of the berry ; colour greenish yellow ; deposits a feculent mat- ter when kept. Oper. Stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic. Use- In dropsies; advantageously added to digitalis when it is given in the form of pills. Dose, fllij. to fllx. or more, rubbed up with sugar or mucilage and water. OLEUM LAVENDULvE. L. 01- Volatile Lavendula?Spicae, E. Oleum Florum Lavendula-, D- Oil of Lavender. (By distilla- tion.) Prop. Odour very fragrant, that of the flower ; taste warm ; of a lemon colour. Oper- Stimulant. Use In hysteria and nervous headachs. F t 116 OLE Dose.„ lllj to fllv. on a lump of sugar. Off. Prep- Unguentum Sulphuris,E. OLEUM VOLATILE LAURI SASSAFRAS. E. Ol. Corticis et Ligni Sassafras, D. Oil of Sassafras. (By distillation from the chips.) Prop. Odour fragrant, that of the wood ; taste acrid, very hot, burn- ing the lips when tasted: limpid, yellow, heavier than water. Qper. Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. Use. In scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, cutaneous diseases. Dose- fllij. to fllx. rubbed with sugar. OLEUM LINI. L. D. 01. Lini Usitatissimi, E. Linseed Oil. (Ex- pressed from the bruised seeds.) Comp- Nearly the same as those of olive oil, with some mucilage. Prop- Odour strong; taste unpleasant, nauseous ; does not congeal by cold ; becomes easily rancid. Oper. Demulcent, emollient, laxative. Use- It has been given with advantage in ileus, when purgatives have failed; but it is chiefly used in the form of glyster, in flatulent colic, attended with costiveness ; and in abrasions of the rectum".—exter- nally in burns end wounds- Dose. f3ss. to f 3j ; in clysters f 3 iij- to f3 vj. Ojf. Pnp. Linimentum Aqua Calcis, E. OLEUM MENTH/E PIPERIT/E. L. E. Ol- Mentha? Piperitidis, D. Oil of Peppermint- (By distillation from the dried plant.) Ol. Mentha Piperitidis. Prop. Odour strong, that of the plant; taste acrid, very hot and biting, with a peculiar sensation of coldness; lighter than water ; colour brown yellow. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative. Use- In cramp of the stomach and flatulent colic. Dose. HUJ- to lfliij. rubbed up with sugar or mucilage- Off. Prep. Pilula Rhei Comp- E. Pilula Aloes cum Zinzibcre, D. OLEUM MENTH/E VIRIDIS. 01. Mentha? Sativie, D. Oil of Spearmint. (By distillation from the dried plant.) Prop- Odour that of the plant; taste warm, pungent. Qper. Stimulant, carminative. Use. In flatulence and anorexia. Dose, fllij. to fllv. on a lump of sugar. Ojf. Prep. Infusum Mentha Comp. t). OLEUM ORIGANI. L. D- Oil of Origanum. (By distillation from the dried plant.) Prop. Odour that of the plant; taste hot, very acrid; of a yellow co- lour, j Oper. Stimulant, narcotic. Use- Scarcely ever given internally; a drop of it put into a carious tooth relieves tin; pain of toothach. OLEUM PlAIEXTkE. L. Ol. Myrti Pimento?, E. Ol. Baccarum Pimento, D (»il of Pimento. (By distillation from the fruit.) Prop. Odour very fragrant; taste that of the pimento in an increased degree ; colour a red brown ; heavier thau water. Oper. Stimulant. Use. In debilities of the stomach, colic, and tympanitis. Dose- flliij- to fllv. rubbed with sugar. Off. Prep. Emplast. Aromaticum, D- O L E 117 OLEUM PULEGn. L-D; Oil ol Pennyroyal. (By distillation from the dried plant.) Prop On mr and tasto those of the plant; colour a reddish-yellow. Oper- Stimulant, antispasmodic. I stt. In liy-teri.i. Do-it. illj. to ll[v. on a lump of sugar. OLEI Al RICINi. L. Castor Oil. (Bruise the castor seeds, pre- viously decorticated; then express the oil without the application ' of heat.) 3 x*v- oftUe seetls yield about f 3iij. of oil. Ol. e. Scmi- nibus Ricini. Prop. Recently drawn inodorous, nearly insipid: colourless, or of a very pale straw colour; thick, but perfectly transparent: lighter than water. It becomes soon rancid by keeping ; thickens ; deepens in cjlour to a reddish-brown ; and has a hot, nauseous taste. Oper. Purgative. Use- In all ruses where much stimulant purgatives would be hurt- ful : particularly dysentery, colica pictonum ; calculous complaints and ileus ; and, as it operates very quickly, in spasmodic affections. It is an excellent purge at all times for children, women in child- bed, and after surgical operations in which the viscera are at all concerned. It is also n good adjunct to clysters. Dose. f:ss. to l'5jss. either floated on a little water, and covered with a small quantity of spirit, or in the following draught: B; Olei ricini f fss., mucilaginis q. s. tere uptime, et paulatim adde", aquas distillate? f 3j., spir. lavandula? comp. fllxx., syr. tolu.'ani t'3ss. Misce. OLEUM ROSM.VRIM. L. D. Ol. Volat. Rorismarini Officinalis, E- Oil of Rosemary. (By distillation from the tops of the dried plant.) Oleum Roris Marini. Comp. The same as other essential oils, with some camphor. Prop. Odour very fragrant, ami taste like that of the plant; limpid like water; deposits crystals of camphor when long kept. Oper. Stimulant. Use. In nervous complaints. Dose, fllij. to lllvj. rubbed up with sugar. Ojf. Prep. Tinctura Saponis, E. Alcohol Ammoniatum Aromati- cum, E. OLEUM RUT/E. D. Oil of Rue. (Distilled from the dried plant.) Prop. Odour that of the plant, but weaker ; taste strong of the plant; sharp, hot; colour yellow : when kept it becomes brown, and de- posits a brownish resinous sediment; easily congeals. Oper. Antispasmodic ; externally rubefacient. Use. In hysteria ; and the convulsive_ affections of infancy attendant on dentition; externally in palsy. Dose, fllij. to fllv rubbed with sugar or mucilage. OLEUM POLIORUM SABIN/E. D. Oil of Savine. (By distilla- tion from the dried plant.) Prop. Odour and taste of the plant; limpid like water; colour pate yellow. Oper. Stimulant, emmenagogue ; externally vesicant. Use. In the same cases for which the plant ia employed. Dose- lllij. to fllvj. OLEUM SUCCINL L. E- ©1. Succlui Reetificntum, D. m "6T 113 O L 1 Amber. (Distilled from amber with a very gentle heat, and rec- tified.) Prop. Odour strong, foetid, bituminous; taste pungent, acrid ; soluble in water; imperfectly in alcohol; nearly colourless at first, but it gradually becomes brown. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic, rubefacient. Us-e. In hysteria, epilepsy, and deficient menstruation ; externally in paralysis, and chronic rheumatism of the joints. The following is recommended as a friction in tic douleureux : Ijt Ol- succini f 3j- tinct. opii f 3 ss. R.isce- Dose. Ill v. to fllxij. rubbed up with mucilage. Off. Prep. Spiritus Ammonia Succinatus- L. OLEUM SUCCJLNI OXIDATUM. U. S. Oxidated Oil of Amber. (Olei Succini f 3 j., Acidi Nitrici f 3 iijss. Put the oil of amber in a glass vessel and gradually drop the acid into it, at the same time stirring the mixture with a glass rod. Let it stand for thirty-six hours, then separate the supernatant resinous matter from the acid fluid beneath, and wash it repeatedly, first with cold and lastly with hot watir, till the acid taste is destroyed.) Use- Recommended as u substitute for musk, to which it is analogous in its properties. OLEUM SULPHURATUM. L- E. Sulphurated Oil. (Sulphuris Loti 3ij-i Oliva Olei Oj- Heat the oil in a large iron pot, and throw in the sulphur by degrees, stirring the mixture after each ad- dition, till they unite.) Prop- Odour extremely foetid; taste acrid; colour reddish-brown ; thick. Oper. Stimulant, irritating; externally detergent. Use. Now seldom given internally ; but formerly it was much used in coughs, asthma, and other pulmonary complaints, and often proved hurtful. Externully it is applied to foul running ulcers. Dose. fllv. to lllxx. in a glassful rf water. Ojf. Prep. Emplast- Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro, L. Emplast. Hydrargyri, L. OLEUM TEREBINTHIN/E RECTIFICATUM. L. D. Oleum Pini Purissimum, E. Rectified Oil of Turpentine. (Olei Terebin- thina Oj. AquaOiv. Distil over the oil.) I'rop- Odour penetrating; taste hot, pungent; colourless, limpid, lighter than water, volatile ; sparingly soluble in alcohol. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, anthelmintic, rubefacient. Use. In chronic rheumatism, lumbago, and sciatica; and in passive uterine haemorrhages; dropped into the ear in deafness from defect of wax ; applied to indolent tumours ; and in embrocation, in rheu- matism and bruises. It has lately been given in very large doses, alone, or united with honey, against the taenia solium, which it brings away entire, dead, after two or three doses. Dose- fllx. to f 3 j- in the first cases; but for the expulsion of taenia f 3ss- to f 3 ij. every eight hours. Ojf. Prep. Liniment. Terebinthina, L. *** It forms the greater part of a reputed quack medicine, White- head's Essence of Mustard. OLIBANUM. L. Juniperus Lycia, Gummi Resina, E. Olibanum, Gummi Resina, D. Olibanum. (Boswellia Serrata. Decandria, Monogynia- India.) Olibanum, Gummi Resina. Comp. Gum, resi«i, essential oil. O P I 110 Prop. Odour peculiar, aromatic ; taste bitterish, slightly pungent; in grains of different sizes, semi-transparent, brittle ; colour reddish- yellow ; partly soluble in alcohol; forms a milky emulsion when triturated with water- Oper. Stimulant- Use. Seldom used, except as a perfume in sick rooms. OLIV/E OLEUM. L- Olea Europea, Fructus Oleum Fixnm, E- Oleum Olivarum, D- Olive Oil- (Olea Europea, Diand. Mono- gynia, N. O- Sepiaria, L- Jasminea, J- South of Europe- > •) Expressed from the ripe fruit. Comp. Carbon 79, hydrogen 21 parts; perhaps some oxygen: or, ac- cording to Braconnot, of oil of a greenish yellow colour 72, very f white suet 28 parts. Prop. Inodorous, insipid ; transparent, of the palest straw colour; lighter than water; cannot combine with it, nor with alcohol, but may be diffused through water by means of mucilage; boils at 600° of Fab. hence not volatile; congeals at 38°; attracts oxygen, and becomes rancid, when exposed to the air; forms soaps with the alkalies, and lime; plasters with oxides of lead. Oper- Demulcent, emollient, gently laxative. Use. In catarrhs and pulmonary complaints; in emulsion with mu- cilage ; in a simple state, when acrid matters are taken into the stomach; externally it has been advantageously used as a friction in plague ; as an injection jn gonorrhoea; an adjunct to clysters in dysentery and abrasions; and in the formation of ointments and plasters. Dose- f 3j. tof3j. triturated with mucilage, or mixed with water by means of a few drops of liq. potassa? or — ammonia?. OPIUM. L. E. Opium, Succua Concretus, D. Opium. (Papavor Somniferum, Polyand. Monogynia, N. O- Rhoedea, L. Papa- veracea, J. South of Europe. ©.) Comp. Gummy matter, resin, a volatile oil, and morphia, a peculiar alkali, which can be obtained in white acicular crystals; besides which, opium generally contains i its weight of impurities. Prop- TURKEY OPIUM—Odour heavy, slightly foetid; taste nau- seous, bitter, acrid, warm; in flat pieces, solid, tenacious; of a dark brown colour, yellowish when powdered ; marks on paper a light brown interrupted streak- EAST INDIAN.—Odour the same, and empyreumatic; taste less bitter, but more nauseous; colour darker Opium is partially soluble in water, and in alcohol: very soluble in vinegar. Oper. Stimulant in small doses, but in larger sedative, narcotic, ano- dyne; operating through the nerves on the living solid ; externally its stimulant effects are considerable, but soon followed by its seda- tive. Use. In all painful affections, where the inflammatory diathesis is not very considerable; in diarrhoea and dysentery; intermittents; in typhus, in smaller doses as a cordial, in larger to allay irritation and produce sleep; cholera and pyrosis: rotrocedent gout; and in con- vulsive and spasmodic diseases- When combined with calomel, in syphilis, and to arrest the progress of gangrene. It is employed in a watery solution, containing gr. ij. in f 3j- of water; as an in- jection in gonorrhoea and spasmodic stricture; as an adjunct to clyster in diarrhoea; and by friction, united with oil, in tetanus and other spasms. li!0 O V U Dose. Gr. \ to gr. ss- to produce its stimulant effeets; gr. j. to gr- iv- its narcotic ; but in spasmodic complaints it has been given to a very great extent. Incomp. Alkaline carbonutes. muriate of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of zinc, copper, and iron, astringent solutions: acetate of lead precipitates the watery solution. *** When opium has been taken as a poison, the stomac), houll be first evacuated by emetics containing very little water, . nd after- wards acidulous fluids freely exhibited; but these, and all watery fluids, are hurtful, if vomiting has not been induced. Ojf. Prep- Opium Purificatum, D. Confectio Opii, L. E. Kli.etvar. Catechu, E. Extractum Opii, L. E. D. Pilula Opii, E. Pit- Saponis cum Opio, L. Pulv. Opiatus, E. Pulv. Cornu Usti cum Opio, L. Pulv. Creta Comp. cum Opio, L. Pulv. Ipecact anha Con.p. L. E. D. Tinct. Opii, L. E. D. Tinct < a,'/i/(o,v Comp L. D. Tinct- Opii Ammoniata, E. Troc/t. (:h;etjrrln-,i. cum Opio, E. OPIUM PURIFICATUM. D- Purified Opium. (Opii in frustula concisi Ibj , Spir- Vinosi Ten. Ibxij. Digest with a gentle heat, stirring frequently ; filter the solution through paper; distil off the spirit, and evaporate the remainder to a proper consistence ; soft for pills, hard for powder.) Prop. Optr. and Use. The same as opium. Off. Pr p. Pilula: e Styrace, D. F.le.ctuar- Catechu Comp- D- ©POPONACIS GUMMI RESINA- L- Opoponax. (Pastinacn,Opo- ponax, Pentand- Digyn. N. O. Umbellata. Italy. 4-) Exudes from the roots when wounded. Opoponax, Gummi Resina. Comp. Gum, re;in, a trace of caoutchouc, an essential oil. Prop. Odour strong, peculiar ; taste bitter, acrid ; in lumps of a red- dish-yellow colour, white within ; forms a milky solution when tri- turated with water. Oper. Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. Use. In hysteria and chlorosis, but is seldom used- Dose. Gr- x. to 3 ss- ORIGANUM. L- Origanum : Folia, D. Common Marjoram. (Ori- ganum Vulgare, Didynam- Cymnosperm. N. O. Verticillata, L. Labiata, ./. Indigenous. 40 ' Prop. Odour fragrant; taBte aromatic, pungent, not unlike that of thyme. Oper. Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue ? Use. In debilities of the stomach : scarcely ever used. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j- in powder. Ojf. Prep- Oleum Origani, L- D- ©RIGANI MARJORAN/E HERBA. E. Marjorana; Herba, D- Sweet Marjoram. (Class and order as above- Portugal. ©-) Marjorana. Prop- Odour strong, fragrant; taste aromatic, bitterish. Oper- Stomachic, errhine- Use- Chiefly for culinary purposes: and as a snuff in headachs- Off- Prep. Pufv- Asnri Comp. E. D- OVUM. L. Egg. (Phasianus Gallus, the Common Fowl, CI- Apes. Ord. (rallina.) Oper. Nutritive. Use. The yolk and white swallowed raw are said to be useful in O X Y 121 jaundice; in convalescences the yolk is given, beat up with sugar and wine: triturated with oils, it renders them miscible with water. OXIDUM FERRI RUBRUM. E. D. Red Oxide of Iron- (The Buiphate of iron exposed to a strong heat, till it becomes red. The Dublin College orders it to be washed and dried on blotting paper.) A peroxide. Ferrum Vitriolatum Ustum- Comp. Iron 52, oxygen 48 parte, in 100 of the oxyd: if it be not washed, it contains also a small portion of red sulphate of iron. Prop. Taste styptic ; the Edinburgh preparation deliquesces. Oper. Tonic, stimulant. Use. In the same cases as the other salts of iron; rarely used. Dose. Gr. v. to gr- x. Ojf. Prep. Murias Ammonia et Ferri, E. D. OXIDUM ZINCI IMPURUM- E. Tutia, D- Impure Oxyd of Zinc. (Sublimed in roasting ores of zinc with galena.) Comp. Zinc 85, oxygen 15 parts: but these proportions are doubtful, and tutty contains some metallic zinc, and argill. Prop. Inodorous, insipid, hard, ponderous, rough, and brownish on the outside; smooth and yellow within Use. For pharmaceutical purposes. Off. Prep. Oxidum Zinci Impurum Praparatum- E. Unguentum Oxidi Zinci Impuri, E. D. OXIDUM ZINCI IMPURUM PR/EPARATUM. E. Preparedlm- pure Oxide of Zinc (Prepared in the same manner as impuTe carbonate of zinc.) Oper. Astringent. Use. External in ophthalmia ; as an adjunct to ointments ; and dust- ed on parts in superficial inflammation. OXYMEL SIMPLEX L. D- Simple Oxymol. {Mellis Despumati Ibij., Acidi Acetici Oj- Boil in a glass vessel, over a slow fire, to a proper thickness-) Mel. Acetatum. Oper. Cooling, diaphoretic ; externally detergent. Use- In fevers and peripneumonia; as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsillaris. Dose, f 3j. to f 3j- dissolved in barley water. OXYMEL COLCHICI. D. Oxymel of Meadow Saffron. (Rad. Colchici rec. in laminas tenues sscta %'y, Aceti distillati Ibj-, Mellis. despum. pond. Ibij- Macerate in a gentle heat for 48 hours- Strain by pressure, and boil the liquor with the honey, to the thick- ness of a syrup, stirring with a wooden spoon.) Much of the acri- mony is destroyed by the boiling. Oper- Expectorant, diuretic. Use. In humoral asthma, dropsy, and gout; inferior to squill. Dose- f3j-gradually increased to f|j. twice a day, dissolved in a cupful of gruel. OXYMEL SCILL/E. L. D. Oxymel of Squill. (Mellis despumati Ibiij., Aceti Scilla Oij. Boil in a glass vessel, over a gentle fire, to a proper consistence.) The boiling is hurtful, destroying the acrimo- ny on which the virtue of squill depends. Oper- Expectorant, diuretic, aperient; in large doses emetic. Use. In humoral asthma, chronic coughs, dropsy; to excite vomiting in pertussis. Dose. f3ss. to f3ss. in cinnamon water, or any other aromatic water- G2 k*-1 P U Y PAPAVERIS CAPSUL/E. L E. Papaver Album; Capsukc, D. White Poppy Capsules. (Papaver Somniferum. Class and order. see Opium.) The ripe, dried seed vessels. Papacer Album, Capsula. @per. Relaxant, anodyne. Use. Externally, as a fomentation (3iv- of the dried heads being bruised and boiled in 0W- of water to Oij-) to inflamed or ulcerated parts. (Off. Prep. Syrupus Papaveris, L. E- D. PETROLEUM. L- Bitumen Petroleum, E. Petroleum Barbadense, D. Barbadoes Tar- Prop. Odour fcelid ; taste bitter, acrid; semi-liquid, tenacious, scmi- transpareni; of a reddish-brown colour; intolubk- in water and alcohol; combines with fixed and essential oils, and sulphur ; and is partially soluble in a?ther. Qper- Antispasmodic, sudorific; externally stimulant and discutient. Use. In asthma, aud coughs unattended with inflammation ; exter- nally in diseases of the hip joint, rheumatic pains, and paralytic limbs, applied by friction. Dose- Itlx. to f3ss. PHOSPHAS SOD.E. E. D- Phosphate of Soda. (Prepared from bones and Soda? Carbonas.) Comp- Soda 19, acid 15, water 66 parts. Thcnard. Prop. Inodorous; taste nearly that of common salt; crystals rhom- boidal prisms; efflorescent; soluble in three parts of water at blK Qper. Purgative. Use. In all cases where the bowels require to be opened- When dissolved in broth made without salt, the taste of the phosphate is not perceived. Dose. 3 j. to 3 ij- Incomp- Alum, chalk, anil all salts with an earthy base. PHOSPHORUS. U. S. Phosphorus. A simple inflammatory sub- stance, obtained from bones and other animui substances. Prop. Nearly colourless, semi-transparent, and of a waxy consist- ence; taste somewhat acrid ; smell alliaceous; hard, vitreous and brilliant under 32u of tem. fuses at 99u ; boils at 550" ; insoluble in water; sp.gr. 1.770. Qper- A most powerful stimulus of the whole system, but especially of the kidneys, skin and brain- Overdosed it is a violent poison, producing inflammation of theprimae via?- Vse. Has been much extolled by some physicians in low nervous fe- vers, impotency, palsy, dropsy, and asthenic diseases generally; others have denounced it as a dangerous remedy, and calculated even in small doses to do irreparable injury- Dose. Gr- & to gr- i in some emulsion. Gr. ij. in twenty-four hours is the maximum dose. Hufelund's recipe for its exhibition. (Phos- phor, gr- ij., Mucil- Gum. Arabic. 3vj. Mix intimately, and add Syr- Althaa 3j-, Liq. Anodyn- Hoffman- fllxxx- Dose f 3 j. every two hours.) PHYCTOLACCA. U- S. Poke- (Phytolacca Decandra, De- cand. Decugyn-.N. Q. Oloracea, L. Polygonea, J. Southern Europe, Africa', North America- 40 Radix- The root. Prop. Taste sweetish. The active properties are soluble in water and in alcohol- Oper. Emetic, but slower in its operation than ipecacuanha. Dose. Sir- x- to 2)y of the dried root powdered. PIL 123 *** A tincture of the ripe berries of this 'plant, and an extract from the fresh leaves, have some reputation in the treatment of rheuma- tism- An ointment made from the fresh leaves has also been es- teemed in obstinate chronic eruptions, indolent ulcers, &c. PILUL/E ALOETIC/E. E. Aloetic Pill. Gummi Res. Aloes Soeotrina in pulv- trit.r, Saponis,«/»"-. partes aqu ties, Syr. q.s- s- PILUL/E ALOFS COMPOSIT/E L. Compound Aloetic Pills. (Aloes Spic- Eztraeli cont- 3j-, Ext. Gentiana 3ss-i Olei Carui fllxl. Si/r. q. s. s.) PILUL/E ALOES ET COLOCYNTHIDIS. U. S. Pills of Aloes and Colocynth. formerly Pilula? Colchiae. (Aloes soeotrina. Scam- moniir aa liy, Potassa Sulphatis Ziy, Colocynthidis 3j-i Cary- ophyllorum Olei f 3 ij- Reduce the aloes and scammony into a powder with the sulphate of potass, then add the colocynth in fine powder, and the oil of cloves, and with simple syrup form a mass.) Oper- A stimulant cathartic. i Use. To obviate habitual costiveness. ' Dose. From gr. v. to gr. x. PILUL/E ALOES CITM MYRRHA ET GUAIACO. U. S. Pills of Aloes, Myrrh and Guaiacum. (Aloes soeotrina in pulv- 3ss-i Croci in pulv- 3 ij., Myrrha in pulv. 3 ij., Guaiaci resina in pulv- 5ss., O till i Antimonii 3ss. With Copaiba form amass.) Oper. Alterative, aperient. Use- In hysteria and amenorrhoea. * Dose. From gr- v. to gr- xii- taken at bed time- PILUL/E ALOE8 CUM ZINGIBERE. D- Pills of Aloes and Gin- ger. (Aloes Hcpat- 3j-i Rad. Zingib- in pulv. trita Zy, Sapoy nis Hispanici 3ss., Ol. Essent. Mentha Pip. 3 ss.) Oper. In their operation these three are alike, warm stomachic pur- gatives. Use. In habitual costiveness. Dose- Gr. x. to 3j. made into pills- PILUL/E ALOES CUM MYRRHA. L. E. D. Aloetic Pills with Myrrh. (Aloes Spic- ext. 3 ij-, Croci Sligmatum, Myrrha sing. 3j., Syr- q. s. s.) Oper. Cathartic, emmenagogue. Use- In chlorotic, hypochondriacal, and cachectic habits, to stimu- late and open the bowels- Dose. Cr- x- to 3j. made into pills. PILUL/E AMMONIARETI CUPRI. E. Pills of Ammoniaret of Copper- (Ammon- Cupri in pulv. ten. triti gr. xvj., Mica Panis 3iv., Aqua Carbonatis Ammonia q- s- Beat into amass, and di- vide it into xxxij- equal pills.) Pilula Cupri. Oper. Antispasmodic, tonic- Use. In epilepsy, and other spasmodic complaints. Dose. One pill twice a day, gradually increasing the number till five are taken for a dose. PILUL/E ALOES ET ASS AFCETID/E. E. Aloetic and Assafoe- tida Pills. (Gum. Res- Aloes locator, trita,----Assafatida, Sa- ponis, sing, partes aquales, Mucilag. Mimosa Nilot. q- s.) Oper- Purgative, stomachic, anodyne. Use. In dyspepsia attended with flatulence and costiveness; hysteria; amenorrhoea. Dose. Gr. x. in pills twice a dav : or at bed time. P1LUL.E AN'TIMONL'VLES" COMPOSIT/E. U- S- Compound R 3 124 PIL Antimonial Pills. (Hydrarg. Submuriat. 3 ij., Opii in pulv. 3 j., Antnn. Tarlarizi 3y H'ilk syrup form a mass to be divided into sixty pills.) Oper. Contrttstimuan*'! diaphoretic- Use. In phlcgma^ial fevers. Dose. One e\ cry lour or six hours- TILUL/E ARe>Ei'j mndi inn, pill-, every ni«i;T at bedtime. PILUL/E CAMEOOLE COMPOS iT/E- L E. Compound Cam- boge Pills. (Cambogia contrita, Aloes Spic. Fzt.coitlt tti, Pulv. Cinnamomi Comp. sing. Zy, Saponis 3 ij.) Oper. Cathartic. Use. In obstinate costiveness. Dose. Gr- x.to 3j-in pills, occasionally. PILUL/E COLOCYNTHIDIS EXTRACTI COMPOSITE U. S. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth. (Culuc■n.thuiis titracti compositi 3 iss., Anti-.i.onii Oxidi 3 ss. For,a a mass and divide into thirty pills) Oper. Cathartic, and stimulant- Use- In habitual costivenesj, in lymphatic constitutions, in dropsies, and in diseases attended with worms. Dose. From one to three. PILUL/E FERRI COMPOSIT/E. L. Compound Pills of Iron. (Myrrha cont. 3 ij. Soda Subcarbon- Ferri Sulphatis, Sacch- sing. Zy) Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue- * Use. In dyspepsia and chlorosis- Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. in pills, twice or thrice a day- P I L 125 PrLUL/E FERRI SULPHATIS. U. S. Pills of Sulphate of Iron. (Ferri Sulphatis 3j- With the extract of Gentian form amass and divide into thirty pills) Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue. Use. Chlorosis, dyspepsia, amenorrhoea. Dose. From one to two pills twice or thrice a day. PILUL/E FERRI SULPHATIS COMPOSIT/E. U.S. Compound Pills of Sulphate of Iron. (Rhei in pu'.v. 3 iss., Ferri Sulphatis 3ij., Saponis 3 as- Witli water form a mass and divideinto forty pills-) Oper- The same as the preceding, with a laxative tendency. Use. To obviate costiveness in habits where the exhibition of the preparations of iron is indicated- Dose. From two to six pills a day. PILUL/E GAMBOGLE ET SCAMMONI/E. U. S. Pills of Gam- boge and Scammony- (Gambogia i. pulv. 3 i-i Scammonii in pulv. 388-i Potassa Nitratis Z}., Saponis 3 ij- With water form a mass and divide into four hundred pills-) Oper. Cathartic. Use. In obstinate costiveness. Dose- Two to four or even more. PILUL/E HYDRARGYRI. L. E. D. Mercurial Pills. (Hydrarg. Pur Ziy, Confect^. Rn-ia Gallica 3 iij., Glycyrrhiza Rad- cont- 3 j. Rub the quicksilver with the confection until the globules dis- appear ; then add the liquorice-root powder, and beat the whole into a uniform mass-) Comp. Sub-oxyde of mercury, and the other ingredients, the mercury being converted into the black oxyd by tlio rubbing; hence the name should have been Pilulae Sub-oxidi Hydrargyri. Oper. Antisyphilitic, alterative ; in large doses, purgative- Use- In syphilis, perhaps the best form of the remedy; in some cutaneous diseases; and intermittents, attended with visceral and lymphatic obstructions ; to purge in jaundice, dropsies, and ileus. Dose. FWr the former objects gr. v. to gr. x. twice a day, united with opium, if the bowels are easily affected; for the latter gr. xij. to 3j. every three or four hiurs. PILUL/E HYDRARGYRI OXYMURIATIS. U. S. Pills ofOxy- muriate of Mercury. (Hy-Ira y;.-. ( -jujihi riatis gr. x-, Maranta 3j- tilth muriate of ammonia dissolved in water form a mass.) Oper. Alterative, antisyphilitic. I 'sr. In lues venerea, lepra, and.other curaneou? affections- Dos;. One pill containing gr. J to gr. ^ of the salt twice or thrice a dc \ PIU i,.E HYDRARGYRI SUIi.Mi RIATIS. I S. Pills of Sub- mur...i-! of Mor.-ury. (Hydrargyri S.:,-„u -litis 3 ss., Saponis 3j. il'.th oj.iter form amiss aid divid'inl,, J-.'rti; pills.) (i^.r T.. .u i!;s".i.-.»s, chrciie lupatitis, &c. />i..- . O ■ |>i!l two or ibrer ' :,ic i il; v- pilula: HYDB \RGYU;SUBMURIATIS COMPOSITE, l.e. Coiiipuiiml Pi ui Submuriate of Mercury. (Hydrargyri Sub- mur., .1 tuaonii Sulphurcti Pnecip. siu-s. 3 ij , Guaiaci Gum. Res. coutrita 3 iv., Spir. Rect. 3 SB. After beating together these ingredients, form them into a ma*?.) l-.'ti PIL Oper. Alterative, diaphoretic. Use- In lepra; secondary syphilis affecting the skin ; and old venereal ulcers. The decoction of elm bark, or of sarsaparilla, is generally ordered to be taken at the same time. Dose. Gr- v. to gr. x. in-pills, night and morning. PILUL/E JALAP/E COMPOSIT/E. U- S. Compound Pills of Jalap- (Jalapa in pulv-, Rhei in pulv-, Saponis, aa, 3J Hydrar- gyri Submuriatis 3 vi- 3ij-, Antimonii 7artarizati gr- xxviij. I t ilh water form a mass and divide into four hundred pills-) Oper- Cathartic. Us, ■ In chronic complaints attended with slow bowels- Dose. From one to three or four as occasion requires. PILUL/E MYRRH/E ET FERRI. U. S- Pillsof Myrrh and Iron. (Ferri limaturu purifitata 3 j-, Myrrha in pulv- Saponis, utrinque 3 ij. With syrup form a mass and divide into pills each weigh- ing six grains.) Oper. Tonic, emmenagogue. Use. Amenorrhea, dyspepsia. Dose- One or two pills, twice or thrice a day. PILULE PICIS- IT. S. Tar Pills. (Picis liquida Iy, Inula in pulv- ij. s. Make in a mass and divide into sixty pills-) Oper- Stimulant and diuretic. Use. Chronic coughs, asthma, chronic eruptions, &c. Dose. One to four pills twice or thrice a day. PILUL/E RHEI COMPOSIT/E. E- Compound Rhubarb Pills. Rad. Rhei Palmati in pulv. trita 3 j-i Gum. Res. Aloes Soccot. 3 vj., Myrrha 3 iv., Ol. Ess. Mentha Pip- 3 ss- Beat them into a mass with syrup of orange-peel.) Oper- Laxative, stomachic- Use. In dyspepsia attended with costiveness. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. twice a day. PILUL/E SAPONIS CUM OPIO- L- Pills of Soap and Opium- (Opii Duri Contriti 3iv., Saponis Duri Jij.) Gr. v. contain gr- j. of opium. Pilula Opii. PILUL/E OPIAT/E. E. Opiate Pills. (Opiipartem unam, Ext. Glycyrrhiza Glab. partes vij., Fruct- Myrti Pimenta partes ij.) Gr- v. contain gr. ss- of opium. PILUL/E E STYRACE. D. Storax Pills. (Styracis Pur. liij., Opii Purif., Mellis, Croci, sing. Zy) Gr. vj. contain gr. j. of opium. Oper- These three forms are intended to operate a« sedatives, and anodynes. Use- To procure Bleep- The name given by the Dublin College is well adapted for cases where the patient or his friends may have an objection to opium, as it can thus be given without appearing in the prescription. PILUL/E SCILL/E. U. S. Pills of Squill. (Scilla sic in pulv. Zy, Saponis gr- xxiv. With water reduce into a mass and divide into forty pills.) Oper. Diuretic and expectorant. Use- In all the forms of dropsy, and in chronic eongh, Dose- One or two pills two or three times a day. Incomp. Alkalies diminish their acrimony and bitterness, and are probably medicinally inconsistent with their diuretic qualities. PILUL/E SCILL.E COMPOSIT/E. L. Pilulie ScjUiticae, E. Pi- P I P 1-J7 tuiie Scillie cum Zingibere, D. Compound Squill Pills. (Scilla Rad. rcce-nt- exsiccata et cont- Zy, Zingiberis Rad. contrita, Sa- ponis Duri, sing. 3 iij., Ammoniaci contriti 3ij. Form the mass with syrup.) Pilula Scilla. Oper. Expectorant, diuretic. I s,. In asthma and chronic catarrh; as an adjunct to digitalis in hy- drothorax and other dropsies. Dose. Gr. \. to 3j. twice or thrice a day. PILUL/E SOD/E SUBCARBONATIS. U- S. Pills of Subcarbo- nate of Soda. (Soda subcarbonatis exsiccata Ziy, Saponis 3 ss. Form a mass and divide into forty pills-) Oper- Antacid, und lithontriptic. Use. In eases of acidity of the stomach and bowels, and in gravel. Dose. Two or rear pilis three tunes a day. PIMENT/E BACC/E L. D. Myrtus Pimenta, Fructus, vulgo, l'ip--.r Jamaianse., E. Pimento Berries. (Myrtus Pimento, Ico- sand. Monogyn- N- O- Htsperidea, L. Myrti, J. West Indies. 5> -) iimento- liacca- Prop. Odour aroun tic, resembling a mixture of cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves : taste pungent, but mixed like the odour ; colour red- dnh-brown. (The unripe fruit dried.) Oper. Stimulant, carminative. Use. Chiefly as a condiment; and as an adjunct to other medicines- Dose. Gr. v. to 3ij. Off. Prep. Aqua Pimenta, L- E. D- Oleum Pimenta, L- E- D- Spir- Puntnta, L- E- D- Pilula Upiata, E- Syrupus Rham- ni, L. PIPERIS LONGI FRUCTUS. L. E- D. Long Pepper. (Diand. 'Trigyn.N.O- I'iperits, L- Urtica,J. Amboyna. 40 The unripe fruit dried in the sun- Prop. Od-iiir aromatic; tasle warm, pungent; small round grains, dispoM il spirally on a cylindrical receptacle. Opt r Stimulant, carminative, tonic. Use. In dyspepsia, attended with flatulence; retrocedent gout; and paralysis. As a domestic condiment. Dose- Gr. v. to 3j- Off. Prtp. Confectio Opii, L- Pulv. Cinnamomi Comp. L- D. Pulv- Crettr Comp. L- Tinctura Cinnamomi Comp- L. E- D. PIPERIS NKJRI BACC/E. L- Piperis Nigri Fructus, E. Piper Nigrum, Bacca?, Semen, D- Black Pepper- (Class and order as above- Geylon. ^ .) The unripe fruit dried in the sun- Prop. Odour aromatic ; taste pungent, fiery; colour black, corru- gated on the surface- Its pungency depends on an essential oil- Oper- Tonic, stimulant, carminative. Use- To check nausea in gouty habits; remove hiccough ; and increase excitement in palsy- A watery infusion of pepper has been found a useful gargle in relaxation of the uvula. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. variously combined. Ojf- Prep. Emplast. Meloes Vesicatorii Comp. E. Ung. Piperis Nigri, D- %* White pepper is the same fruit, freed from its cuticle by a pre- paration of calcareous earth called Chinam, applied before it is dried- It is less pungent- PIPERIS NIGRI CONFECTIO. L. Confection of Black Pepper. (IJ. bluck pepper, root of elecampane, of each ibj-, fennel seed Ibiij., I •->.-> P L U honey, purified sugar, of each Ibij.; rub the dry articles into very fine powder; then add the honey, and beat the whole into one body.) Qper- Stimulant, can . :i live- Use. In hiccough, ju-uysis of the intestines, and gout affecting the stomach. Dose. From 3ss. to 3j- PIX ABIETiNA L- Pinus Abies, (vide Abietis Resinam-) Pix . Burgundica, E. D- Dried Pitch, or Burgundy Pitch- Comp. Resin, an e&sent.al oil. Prop. Concrete, seim-iransj-arent, unctuous, tenacious, fragrant- Oper- Kubji icent, genera iy exciting an exudation qf serous fluid. Use. Extern t:iy, spread on leather as plasters; in catarrh, pertussis, dyspmea- Ojf- Pi.p. Emplast- Picis Comp. L- E. Emplast. Mcloes Vcsic- Comp- E E njilast- Calefaciens, D- PIX LIOUIDA L. D. Resina Empyreumatica, P x Liquida dicta, E- Tar (.Obtained by heat from the Scotch fir.) Comp. Resm, empyreumatic oil, charcoal, acetous acid. Prop. O; a deep brown colour, semi-fluid, tenacious; odour empy- rcuinanc. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific ; externally detergent. Use- Internally in ichuiy.isis; externally it is applied to foul ulcers, and tinea capitis. Ojf- Prep. Unguentum Picis Liquida, L. E. D. Aqua Picis Li- quida, D- PIX NIGRA- L. Black Pitch. (Pinus sylvestriB. For Class and Order, vide Abietis Resinam.) The solid prepared resin. Prop. Solid, dry, brittle. Oper- Stimulant. Use. For preparing the ointment. Off- Prep. Ungw ntum Pic's Nigra,li- PLUMBUM. E- Leau Prop- Cjiour light blue; shining, but becomes dull in the air; soft, not very elastic ; hsi-iiitle du.aility, but is very malleable; taste and odour, when rubl -d, peculiar and disagreeable; sp. grav. 11.352. It is easily fuse.l, and very susceptible of oxidizement. Use For forming oxyds and salts. Metallic lead exerts no action on the animal body PLUMBI SUBCARBONAS. L. E. Cerussa, D. Carbonate of Lead. (Prepared by exposing spiral rolls of lead to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed in dung.) Comp. Yellow oxyd of lead 83.5, carbonic acid 16.5 parts. (The yellow oxyd contains lead 90-5,, xygeu9.5 parts in 100.) Prop Inodorous ; laste owe-el; brittle, friable, enow white, of a mi- nute scaly texture- Oper- Astringent, sedative. Use. Sprinkled on parts affected with local inflammation ; in the for- mation of ointments and piasters- Ojf- Prep. Plumbi Ac-itas, L. E D- Unguentum Cerussa, D- PLUMBI OXYDUM SEMIV1TREUM. L- E. Lithargyrum, D- Semi-vitrified Oxyd of Lead, or Litharge. (A yellow protoxyd of lead, prepared by heat, and combined with carbonic acid; often adulterated with other oxyds.) Lithargyrus- Comp- Yellow oxyd of lead 96, carbonic acid 4 parts in 100- Prop- In scales of a whitish-red colour; semi-vitrified- P 0 T 1211 Use. For pharmaceutical purposes. Off- Prep. Liquor Plumbi Acetatis, L- D- Emplast- Plumbi, L- E. I). Ceratum Saponis, L- PLUMBI ACETAS. L- Acetas Plumbi, E- D- Acetate of Lead. (Plumbi Carbon. Ibj., Acidi Acetici cong. jss. Boil the carbonate with the acid till it is saturated ; then strain through paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that crystals may be formed- Wash the crystals, and dry them in blotting paper.) Cerussa Acetata- Camp Oxyd of lead 58, acetic acid 26, water of crystallization 16 parts. Prop. Inodorous; taste sweet, styptic; colour very white, with a silky lustre; crystals spicular; soluble in 24 parts of water, and partially decomposed even in distilled water, the solution becoming turbid: soluble also in alcohol; sp. grav. 2-345. Oper- Astringent: in weak solutions cooling and sedative ; in strong ( 3 j. to water f 3 vj.) stimulant. Use. Internal, in visceral haemorrhages combined with opium, which seems to prevent its deleterious effects; but acids and acescent food must be avoided. External, in solution in phlegmonous inflamma- tions, burns, bruises, gonorrhoea, &c. Dose- Gr. ss. to gr. jss. made into a pill with gr. ss. of opium and crumb of bread. Distilled water must be used for the solution, and a little acetic acid added. Incomp- Alkalies, earths, acids, alum ; borax, soaps, tartarized iron, and antimony ; lime water, hard water, sulphuretted hydrogen- Off- Prep. Ct ratum Plumbi Acetatis, L. E. D. Acidum Acetosum Forte, E- Solutio Acetatis Zinci, E- PODOPHYLLUM. U S. May-apple. (Podophyllum Peltatum, Poly and- Monogyn- N- O. Rhaadea, L- Ranunculacea, J- North America. 4-) Radix. The root- Comp. Contains resin, bitter extractive matter, foecula, and gum- Prop. Ta-te Inner and acrimonious- Oper. Cathartic. Use- Similar to jalap. Dose Of the powder 3j. Off. Prep. Extract. Podophi/IH, U- S. PORRI RADIX, (bulbous?) L. Leek Root or Bulb- (For Class and Oreler, see Alii Radix.) Prop Odour peculiar, fragrant; taste sweetish,slightly acrid- Oper- Expectorant, diuretic. Use. The juice of the recent bulb expressed has been advantageously used in dropsies, and humoral asthma. Dose, f 3 j- to f 3 hb. rubbed up with sugar, and mixed in water. POTASSA IMPURA. L. Subcarbonas Potassa? Impurus, E- Cineres Chivellati, D- Impure Potass. (The Pearl Ash of commerce.) Cineris Clavellati. Comp. Subcarbonate of potass, sulphate of potass, muriate of potass, silex, oxide of iron, argil- / se. For preparing the subcarbonate for medical use- PoT\SSA FUSA. L- Potassa, E- Kali Causticum, D- Fused Pui.iss. (Prepared by evaporating the solution of potass to dryness in an iron vessel.) Kali Punim- Comp- A peculiar metal named potassium 83-3, oxygen 17-6, in 100 parts of pure potass; but fused potass contains also a little carbu- / 130 POT nate of potass, silex, lime, and oxyd of iron, which do not affect its medicinal properties- Prop- Solid; »f a gray colour; deliquescent in the air; feels soapy between the fingers, owing to its dissolving the skin. (It is gene- rally run imo little cylindrical moulds, which are covered with pa- per, aiid kepi in weli-corked phials.) Oper. Powc-'ullyescharotic. Use. For forming issues. It has also been used to remove stric- ture* POTASSA CUM CALCE. L. E. Kali CausUcum cum Calce, D. (Liquoris Potass e Oiij-, Calcis rec- Ibj. Boil the solution of potass to 0' : then add the lime, slaked with water, and mix.) Calx cunt A"-7< r'u.ro. Comp. Pot as* .nid lime, mechanically mixed. Oper. and W- The same as the former, but more manageable, as it is le.-s deliquosi'Tit POTASS/E ACETAS. L. A'o ■•• P tas.-ap, E. Acetas Kali, D- Acetate of Potats- (Potai ■ S,-'carbon- Ibj., Acioi Acetici fort. Oij., Aqua Oij- Mix, and a I iv. of lemon ju!-.e, forms a better effer- vescing draught tlt.m rh« sub-'nrbouate- Incomp. Mineral acids, borax, muriate and acetate of ammonia, alum, sulphate of magneeia, lime, or lime water, all the metallic salts. POTASS/E NITRAS. L- E. Nitrum, D. Nitrate of Potass, or POT 131 Nitre. (Formed in an impure state by nature in warm climates, as India ; and by means of artificial composts in France.) Nitrum. Comp. Potass 51-8, nitric acid 44, water 4-2, in 100 of nitrate- Prop. Inodorous; teste cool, bitterish, penetrating; crystals six-sided prisms; permanent in the air ; brittle; soluble in 7 parts of water at 60°. Oper. Diuretic, refrigerant; in large doses purgative; externally cool-. ing, detergent. Use- In fevers, dropsies, herpetic eruptions, active haemorrhages, mania, gonorrhoea. A small piece allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth often removes incipient cynanche tonsillaris; hence its utility in gargles. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 ss. in almond mixture, or some other vehicle. In doRis of Iy it occasions hypercatharsis, bloody stools, and some- times death. Incomp. Sulphuric acid, sulphates of soda and of magnesia, alum, the metallic sulphates. Off. Prep- Trochisci Nitratis Potassa, E. POTASS/E SUBCARBONAS. L- Carbonas Potassa?, E. Subcar- bonas Kali, D. Subcarbonate of Potass. (A filtered solution of the impure subcarbonate evaporated to dryness.) Kali Prapara- tum- Comp. Potass 68.57, carbonic acid 31.43, in 100 phrts.the remainder being silex, sulphate of potass, and argil. Ktrwan- Prop- Inodorous; taste acrid; in the form of coarse white grains ; deliquescent in the air. Oper. and Use- The same as the carbonate- Ojf. Prep- Liq. Potassa Subcarbonatis. L- D. POTASS/E SUPER-CARBONAS- U. S- Supercarbonate of Po- tass. (Potass- Carbon- partem unam-, Aq. partes trrs. D: solve the carbonate of potass in the water; put the solution in the middle vessel of Nooth's apparatus, and pass throutrl. it a stream of car- bonic acid gas, obtained from the carbonate of lime and diluted sulphuric acid, until the deposition of crystals ceases; then collect the crystals, and dry them on bibulous paper-) Oper. Use. and Dose. The same as the carbonate, but milder, and may be given in larger doses than it. POTASS/E SULPHAS. L- E- Sulphas Kali, D- Sulphate of Potesa- (The salt which remains after the ilit-ti lation of nitric acid dissolved, and the excess of acid saturated with subcarbonate of potass, and crystallized.) Kali Vitriolatum- Comp. Potass 54.55, acid 4545, in 100 parts of sulphate. Prop- Inodorous; taste bitter; crystals Binall, six-sided prisms, ended by six-sided pyramids, grouped ; hard, transparent, permanent in the air; soluble in 16 parts of water at 60°; ins.-luble in alco- hol. Oper. Purgative, deobstruent- - Use. In ih.- visceral obstructions to which children are liable; and as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose- 3.i- to 3 j. acts as a deobstruent; 3ss-to 3vj purge- Incomp- Nitric and muriatic acid--., tartaric acid, muriate of lime, salts of mercury, nitrate of silver- POTASS E SULPHURETUM. L- E. Sulphuretum Kali, D. Sul- phuret of Potass. (Sulphuris Loti |j-, Potassa Subcarbonatis 5 ij. Rub them together, and place the mixture in a covered cru- 132 P O T cible upon the fire until they unite.) It is necessary first to dry the subcarbonate in a crucible exposed to a red heat. Prop- Inodorous while dry, but when moistened, foetid ; taste acrid, bitter: colour a liver brown ; solid, brittle, deliquescent; decom- posed by water- Oper. Expectorant, diaphoretic ; externally detergent. Use. It has been given in chronic asthma, but without much benefit; chronic catarrh, and rheumatism; arthritic cases; herpetic, and other cutaneous diseases; and cancer- Its solution is useful as a wash in scabies and tinea capitis- It has also been used as an an- tidote against arsenical and saturnine poisons. Dose. Gr- v. to gr. xv. combined with soap, or cicuta, in pills, twice or thriee a day. Incomp- Acids, acidulous salts, metallic and earthy salts. POTASS/E SUPER SULPHAS. L. Sup^rsulphate of Potass. (The salt remaining after the distillation of nitric acid, dissolved, strained, and crystallized.) Comp. Potass 3287, acid 54.80, water 12.33 parts- Prop- Inodorous; taste a strong acid ; soluble in two parts of water at60u; insoluble in alcohol. Oper- Refrigerant and purgative. Use- In cases where it is wished to exhibit sulphuric acid, and at the same time to open the bowels. Dose. 3j. to 3 ij. POTASS/E SUPERTARTRAS. L. E. Tartaruin Crystalli, D. Supertartrate of Potass. (The tartar of wine purified.) 'Tartan Crystalli- Comp. Potass 33, acid 57, water 10 parts in 100 of supertartrate- Menard. Prop. Inodorous; taste acid, harsh; crystals small, irregular; re- quire 120 parts of water at 60J to dissolve them; brittle, pulveru- lent ; decomposed when kept in solution. Oper- Mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. Use. In ascites, proceeding from visceral obstructions; and to open the bowels in inflammatory habits. Dissolved in water, with a small quantity of white wine, some sugar, and lemon peel, it forms an excellent beverage in febrile diseases, under the name of imperial. Dose. 3j- to 3 iij. combined with 3j. of soda? sub-boras, to excite the kidneys ; but to open the bowels 3 iv. to 5 j- are required. Incomp. Alkalies, alkaline earths, mineral acids. Off. Prep. Ferrum Tartarizatum, L- D. Pulv. Jalapa Comp. E. Pulv. Scammonii Comp. E. Pulv. Senna Comp. E. Potassa Tartras, L- E- D. POTASS/E TARTRAS. L. Tartras Potassa?, E. Tartaras Kali, D. Tartrate of Potass. (Formed by saturating the excess of acid of the supertartrate with subcarbonate of potass.) Kali Tar- tarizatam. Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter, disagreeable; generally in the form of a white granular powder; soluble in 4 parts of water at 60°, solu- ble in alcohol. Oper- Purgative. Use. To open the bowels in febrile diseases, mania, and hypochon- driasis ; and as an adjunct to senna, and the resinous purgatives in solution, the griping effects of which it corrects. PUL 133 Dose. 3j. to ?j- in solution. Incomp. Acids; infusion of tamarinds, and other acid fruits; lime, magnesia, sulphates of soda, potass, and magnesja ; nitrate of sil- ver, acetate of lead, and muriate of ammonia. PRUNA. L. Pruni Domestica? Fructus, E. D. Prunes. (Prunus DomeBtica, Octand. Trigyn.- N. O. Pomacta, L. Rosacea, J. South of Europe. > .) , Prop. Odour weak ; taste sweet, acidulous. Oper. Cooling, laxative, nutrient. Use. In costiveness attended with heat and irritation ; an -article of diet in fever. Off. Prep. Confectio Senna, L. E. D- PTEROCARP1 LIGNUM. L. E. Santalum Rubrum: Lignum, D. Red Saunder's Wood. (Pterocarpus Santalinu6, Diadelph. De- cand. N. O. Papilionacea. East Indies. ^ .) Prop Aromatic odour, nearly insipid ; colour bright deep red. Use- As a colouring material. PULEGIUM. L- Pulegii Herba, E. D. Pennyroyal. (Mentha? Pulegium. For Class and Order, see Mentha. Indigenous. 4-) Prop. Odour aromatic; taste warm, pungent, not unlike that of spearmint. Oper. Expectorant, diaphoretic. Use. In asthma and pertussis, but of no value ; seldom used- Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. Ojf- Prep. Aqua Pulegii, L. E. D. Oleum Pulegii, L. D- Spiri- tus Pulegii, L- PULVIS ALOES CUM CANELLA. D- Powder of Aloes with Canella. (Aloes Hcpatica Ibj., Canella Alba |iij. Rub them separately into i powder, and mix) Oper. Warm, cathartic- Use. In costiveness, but not well adapted to be used as a powder. Dose. Gr- x. to 3j. PULVIS ALOES COMPOSITUS. L. Pulvis Aloes cum Guaiaco, D. Compound Powder of Aloes. (Aloes Spic. Ext. Z jss., Guai- aci Gum. Res. 5j-, Pulv Cinnam. Comp. |ss- Rub (he Aloes and Guaiacum separately, then mix the whole.) Oper. Warm, cathartic, stomachic, sudorific. Use. In dyspepsia, attended with a sluggish state of the bowels ; spasmodic affections of the intestinal canal; jaundice ; and obsti- nate costiveness. Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. %* All aloetic powders should be exhibited in the form of pills, to lessen the taste of the aloes. PULVIS ANT1MONIALIS. L. D. Oxidum Antimonii cum Phos- phate Calcis, E. (A peroxide, combined with phosphate of lime.) Comp. Oxyd of antimony 57, phosphate of lime 43, in 100 parts. Prop. Inodorous, insipid; in the form of a white powder; insoluble in water. Oper- Febrifuge, diaphoretic, alterative ; in large doses emetic, pur- gative ; a very uncertain and useless preparation. Use. Intended to be used in febrile diseases, and every case in which diaphoresis can be useful; and in small doses in cutaneous diseases. G 4 13.4 P U L Dose- Gr. iij. to gr- viij. in pills, combined with opium or camphor, every six or eight hours, diluting freely in the intervals.* PULVIS AROMATICUS. U. S. Aromatic powder. (Cinnamomi Cardamomi; Zingibtris. singulorumpartem equalem- Rub them together to a fine powder, which is to be kept in a well stopped glass bottle.) Use. Chiefly as a cardiac, and to disguise the taste of other medi- cines. PULV. CINNAMOMI COMPOSITUS. L. Pulv. Aromaticus, E. D- Compound Powder of Cinnamon. (Cinnam. Cort. 5 ij-i Car- damomi Sim- 5jss., Zingiberis Rad. ?j., Piperis Longi Fructus 5 ss. Rub them together to a very fine powder-) Oper. Stimulant, carminative. Use. In cold, decayed, phlegmatic habits, to assist digestion, and ex- pel flatus ; but chiefly used to give warmth to other compositions. Dose- Gr. x. to 3j. or more. PULVIS ASARI COMPOSITUS. E. D- Compound Powder of Asarabacca- (Foliar- Asari Europaipartes tree- Fol. Origani Majorana, Florum Lavand- Spica, sing, partem unam. Rub into a powder.) Oper. Errhine. Use. In chronic headache, serous apoplexy, and obstinate ophthalmia, avoiding exposure to cold. Dose. Gr- v. to gr- viij. snuffed up the nostrils at bed time. PULVIS CONTRAJERV/E COMPOSITUS. L. Compound Pow- der of Contrajerva. (Contrajerva Rad- contrita 5v-i Tcstarum Prap. Ibjss. Mix.) Oper. Stimulant, sudorific. Use. In typhus and low fevers ; the malignant exanthemata?; sinking stage of dysentery ; and in atonic gout. Dose. Gr. xv. to 3 ss- generally rubbed up with mucilage and mint water. PULVIS CORNU CERVINI USTI. D. Powder of Burnt Harts- horn. (The Hartshorn burnt and rubbed to a powder.) PULVIS CORNU USTI CUM OPIO. L- Pulv- Opiates, E. Pow- der of Burnt Hartshorn with Opium. (Opii duri cont. Zy, Cor- nuum Ustor- et Praparatorum %y, Coccorum cont- Zy Mix.) Gr- x- contain gr. j- of opium. Oper. Anodyne- Use- To procure sleep, and allay pain. It is chiefly adapted for children, as the opium can thus be exhibited in small quantities. Dose- Gr. j. to gr. x. or more- PULVIS CRET/E COMPOSITUS. L. Pulvis Carbonatis Calcis Composites, E. Compound Powder of Chalk. (Creta Prap. Ibss., Cinnamomi Cort- ?iv., Tormentilla Rad., Acacia Gum. sing. 5"j-i Piperis Longi Fructus 3 iv. Reduce them separately into a fine powder, and mix.) Oper. Antacid, stomachic, absorbent- Use- In acidity of the stomach, and the diarrhoea attendant on low fevers. Dose- Gr. v. to 3j. rubbed up with mucilage and cinnamon water. ' 100 grains have been given without producing any effect. P U L 135 PULVIS CRET/E COMPOSITUS CUM OPIO. L. Compound Powder of Chalk with Opium- (Pulv. Creta Comp. $ vjss-, Optt duri cont. 3iv. Mix.) Contains gr. j. of opium in gr- 40. Oper. Anodyne, absorbent. I'se. In the same cases as the former. As an anodyne to children affected with irritative diarrhoea during dentition. Dose. 3j. to 3ij- for adults. PULVIS JALAPS COMPOSITUS. E- Compound Powder of Jalap. (Pulv. Rad. Convolvuli Jalapa partem y, Supertartratis Potassa partes ij. Rub them together to a fine powder.) Oper. Purgative- Use- In costiveness, particularly of children with a tumid belly; in worm cases ; and in dropsy. Dose. 3j. to 3ij- for adults; gr. vij. to gr. xij. for children. PULVIS IPECACUANH/E COMPOSITUS. L. D. Pulvis Ipeca- cuanhse et Opii, E. Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. (Ipeca- cuanha Rad- cont-, Opii duri cont- sing. Zy, Potassa Sulphatis cont. ?j. Mix.) Oper. Diaphoretic. Use. In rheumatism, dropsy, gout, fevers, dysentery, and diabetes. Dose. Gr. v- to 3j- in pills or bolus, diluting freely with tepid fluids, but not immediately, as they are apt to produce vomiting. PULVIS KINO COMPOSITUS. L. Compound Powder of Kino- (Kino 3 xv., Cinnam- Cort. 3iv., Opii duri 3j. Rub each sepa- rately to a fine ^■••vder, and then mix.) Gr. xx. contain gr. j.of opium. Oper. Astringent. Use- In chronic diarrhoea, leuconhoea, and uterine and intestinal haemorrhages- Dose. Gr. v. to 3j- in aqueous fluids. PULVIS QUERCUS MARINA-:. D. Powder of Yellow Bladder Wrack. (The wrack, in fruit, dried, cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible with a perforated lid, and then reduced to pow- der, to be kept in close vessels.) Oper. Deobstruent. Use. In bronchocelo, end other scrofulous swellings; cutaneous diseases- Its efficacy supposed to depend on the iodine it contains. Dose. Gr. x. to 3ij- mixed in treacle or honev- PULVIS SCAMMONE/E COMPOSITUS. L. E. Ofcmpound Pow- der of Scammony. (Scammonea Gum. Resina Ext. Jalapa duri, sing- ?ij., Zingiberis Rad. $ss. Rub each separately to a fine powder, and then mix.) Oper- Cathartic Use. In hydropic and worm cases ; and to remove mucous obstruc- tions in children- Dose- Gr. viij. to gr. xv. PULVIS SENN/E COMPOSITUS. L. Compound Powder of Senna. (Senna Foliarum, Potassa Supertartratis, sing. 5ij-, Sramnion- Gum- Res. ?S8., Zingiberis Rad. 3ij. Rub the Scammony alone, and the rest together, to a fine powder, and mix.) Oper. Cathartic, hydragogue- Use. In costiveness, and in hydropic cases. Dose. 3j- to 3j- It is an inconvenient preparation, owing to thf bulk of thedoee- II 136 a U A PULVIS SCILL/E. D- Powder of Squill*. (The bulb of Scilla Maritima sliced, dried, and reduced to a powder-) It should be kept in well-stopped phials. Oper. Diuretic, emetic, expectorant. Use. In the same cases for which the squill pill is employed. Dose. Gr- iij. togr. vj. combined with soap, and other substances, in pills, or bolus. PULVIS SPONGLE UST/E. D. Powder of Burnt Sponge. Oper. Deobstruent- Use. In bronchocele, and other scrofulous swellings. Dose. 3j. to 3 j. mixed in honey or treacle. PULVIS STANNI. D. Powder of Tin- Oper- Mechanically anthelmintic. f 'se. Against ta?nia solium ; but it is not very efficacious. Dose- 3 j. in treacle, at first, on an empty stomach ; 3 iv. the two following mornings, and then a cathartic. PULVIS STANNI AMALGAMATIS. U. S. Powder of the Amalgam of Tin. (Stanni partes quinque. Hydrargyri purif. partes duos- Calc. carbonat. prap. partem unam. Melt the tin, add to it the mercury, and rub them together; then add the carlo- nate of lime, and while the mixture is liquid, rub till the metallic particles disappear; lastly, while the mixture cools, reduce it to an impalpable powder.) Oper. Mechanical ? Use- Anthelmintic. Dose. 3 j. to 3 ij- ioyhoney or syrup- PULVIS ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS- E. Compound Powder o( Sulphate of Alumina- (Sulphatis ~ 11 amina parti* iv., Kino par- tem j. Rub to a fine powder-) Oper. Astringent. Use- In intestinal hemorrhages and obstinate diarrhcea- Dose. Gr- x. to gr. xv. It should be taken in a dry form, as the solu ■ tion of alum is decomposed by solution of kino. PULVIS TRAGACANThAS COMPOSITUS. L- Compound Pow- der of Tragacanth- (Tragacantha cont., Acacia Gummi cont., lAmyli. sing. Ijss., Sacch- pur. 3 iij. Rub the starch and sugar together, then add the tragacanth and acacia gum, and mix.) The starch might be omitted, as it is not soluble in cold water. Oper. Demulcent. Use. In hectic fever; catarrh attended with tickling cough; com- bined with nitre, in gonorrhoea and strangury; and with ipecacuanha powder, in dysentery. Dose. 3 ss. to 3 iij. in distilled water, or any bland fluid. Gr- x- render f f ij. of fluid mucilaginous. PYRETHR1 RADIX. L. D. Pellitory of Spain. (Anthemia Pyre- thrum. Class and Order of Anthemis Nobilis- Arabia, t.) Prop- InodorouB; taste hot and acrid, its acrimony residing in a fixed oil; the dried root more acrid than the recent. Oper. Stimulant, sialagogue- Use. Chewed, it excites a copious flow of saliva, hence it has been found useful in some affections of the head ; in strumous swellings of the tonsils; toothach, and palsy of the muscles of the throat. It is also used in infusion as a gargle. QUASSl/E LIGNUM. L. E- D. Quassia Wood. (Quassia «x- R H A 137 i-elsa- Decand. Monogyn. N. O. Gritinalis, L- Magnolia, J. Jamaica. > .) The wood of the root. Prop. Inodorous; taste a very intense durable bitter; colour whitish- yellow ; has no astringency; bitter principle (or Quassin) extract- ed by water and alcohol. Op. r. Tonic, stomachic. Use- In intermittents; bilious fever, combined with neutral salts; lienteria and cachexia ; in hysteria, united with tincture of valerian; and with cretaceous powder and ginger in gout. Dosr Of the raspings gr. v. to 3 ss- but infusion and extract are pre- ferable forms of exhibiting it. Incomp. Nitrate of silver, acetate of lead. Ojf. Pr.p. Infusum Quassia, L- QUERCUS CORTEX. L. D- Quercus Ruboris; Cortex, E. Oak Bark. (Quercus Pedunculata. Monoecia Polyand. N. O. Amen- tacea, 1* Europe- ^.) Prop. Inodorous; taste austere, styptic; differs from galls in net precipitating solutions of tartarized antimony. Oper- Tonic, astringent. Use. In intermittents, combined with galls, bitters, and aromatics; useful also in flour albus, and alvine fluxes. See Decoction- Dose. Of the powder gr. x. to 3 ss. twice or thrice a day. Ojf. Prep- Decoctum Quercus, L. QUERCUS ALBA. U S. White Oak. United States. Corter The bark. QUERCUS TINCTORIA. U. S. Black Oak. United States. Cortex. TAe oarik. *«* The United States Pharmacopoeia gives the above as substitutes for the English species- RESINA ALBA. D. E. White Resin. (Pinus Sylvestris. The Scotch Fir. *?.) Exudes from wounds of the bark. Prop. LittJe odour or taste; semi-transparent; insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, in oils both fixed and volatile, and alkalies ; pul- verulent. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient. Use. Scarcely ever employed internally ; but chiefly to render more adhesive and stimulating various plasters- RESINA FLAVA. L. Yellow Resin. (The residue after the dis- tillation of oil of turpentine.) Oper. Stimulant. Us. . In the composition of plasters and ointments. Ojf- Prep. Emplast. Cera, L. Emplast. Hydrargyri, E. Em- plast- Meloes Vesical- E- Emp. Oxidi Ferri Ruiri, E. Emp. Picis Compositum, L. Emp. Resina, L. E. D. Emp. Simplex, E. Ceratum Resina, L- E. Ung. Picis Arida, L. Ung. Infusi Meloes Vesie.atiirii, E. RHAMNI BACC . L. Spine Cervina?, Bacca? Succus, E. Buck^ thorn Berries. (Rhamnus Catharticus, Purging Buckthorn. Pen- tand. Monogyn- N- O. Dumosa, L. Rhamni, J. Indigenous- Prop. Odour faint and disagreeable; taste bitterish and nauseous; the size of a pea; have four seeds; the juice stains paper green- Oper. Cathartic. Use. In the same cases as jalap and senna, which are superior mesa 138 R I C cines- Their operation must be assisted with copious dilution, as they excite much thirst and griping. Dose- Of the recent berries xx-; of the dried 3j. to 3 ij. Ojf. Prep. Syrupvs Rhamni, L. E. RHEI RADIX. L. E. D. Rhubarb Root. (Rheum Palmatnm. Palmated Rhubarb.* Enneand. Monogynia, N. O. Holoracea, L. Polygonea, J. China. 40 The best comes through Russia in round perforated pieces. Comp. Extractive, volatile odorous matter, on which its virtues de- pend, oxalate of lime, tannin. Prop. Odour aromatic, peculiar, rather nauseous ; taste somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, astringent; feels gritty between the teeth ; colours the saliva and urine saffron-yellow ; not very mucila- ginous. Pieces firm, but not flinty ; external colour a clear yellow ; fracture rugged, veined yellow, red, and white; easily pulverized, forming a powder of a fine bright buff yellow colour. Both water and spirit extract its virtues. Oper. Purgative, stomachic, astringent. Use. In costiveness, from laxity of bowels, particularly of children ; and diarrhoea- It is a useful adjunct to neutral salts and calomel, rendering their operation more easy. Externally the powder is sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation and healing. Dose. 3j- to 3 ss. of the powder to open the bowels; gr. vj. to gr. x. to act as a stomachic. Ojf. Prep. Infusum Rhei, L. E. Vinum Rhei. Palmati, E. Tinct- Rhei, L. E. D- Tinct. Rhei Composita, L. Tinct. Rhei cum Aloe, E. Tinct- Rhti cum Gentiana, E. Pilula Rhei Compo- sita E. RHCEADAS PET ALA. L. Papaver Erraticum ; Petala, D. Pe- tals of the Red Poppy. (Papaver Rhoeas. Class and Order as Pap. Somniferum. Indigenous. ©.) Use. Chiefly to impart their fine red colour to a syrup. Ojf. Prep. Syrupus Rhaaelos, L. D. RHODODENDRI CHRYSANTHI FOLIA, E. Yellow-flowered Rhododendron- (Decand- Monogyn- N. 0. Bicorncs, L- Rho- dodendra, J. East Siberia. > •) Prop. Inodorous ; taste rough, astringent, bitterish. Oper. Stimulant, narcotic, diaphoretic; overdosed it produces nau- sea, vomiting, purging, and all the effects of violent intoxication- Use. In rheumatism and arthritic affections; avoiding the use of liquids while taking it. Dose, f 5 j- of the following decoction twice a day. B; Rbododendri fol. 3iv., aqua? fjx. Coque per xij. horas, lento igne, in vase clauso, et cola. RICINI SEMINA ET OLEUM. L. E. Ricinus, Oleum e Semi- nibus Expressum, D. Castor Seeds and Oil. (Ricinus Communis, the Castor, or Palma Christi. Monoecia Monodelph. N. O. Tri- cocca, L- Euphorbia, J. Indies. ©.) Prop. Seed inodorous; taste acrid, slightly sweetish; kernel white, * The Dublin College erroneously supposes it to be the R. vndvla turn. RUB 139 •ily, with a thin dry cuticle; contained in a prickly, triangular capsule. Oper. Cathartic; somt-t. on emetic. Use. Fot obtaining the ' One or two of the seeds swallowed entire operate briskly ; l-. are not used in this country. See Oleum. Off. Prep. Oleum Ricini, L- ROS/E CANIN/E PULPA. L. Rosa? Canine; Fructus, E. Dog Rose, or Hip Pulp- (Icosand. Pologyn. N. O. Senticosa, L- Rosacea, J. Indigenous. ^ .) Prop. Inodorous; taste sweet, acidulous, depending on the presence of uncombined citric acid and sugar. > Oper. Cooling. Use. Vide tAe Confection. Off Prep- Confectio Rosa Canina, L. ROS/E CENTIFOLLE PET ALA. L- E. Rosa Damascena; Pe- tala, D. Damask Rose Petals- (Class and order as above. Place unknown. ^.) Prop. Odour extremely fragrant; taste subacidulous. Oper. Laxative. Use. Scarcely used for any purpose, except for the distillation of rose water, and the formation of a syrup. Ojf. i'r-n. Aqua Rose, L. E. D. Syrupus Rosa, L. E. ROS.E GALLIC/E PET ALA. L. E. Rosa Rubra; Petala, D. Petals of the Red Rose. (Class and Order as above. Europe. *>■) Prop. Odour less fragrant than that of the damask; taste bitterish, astringent- Oper. Astringent, tonic Use. See the preparations of it. Off. Prep. Confectio fios.) Prop. Inodorous; taste bitterish,feculacious; fibrous; of a blackish colour externally, white within. Oper. Diuretic, demulcent. Use. In the sequels of syphilis, when, after a mercurial course, noc- turnal pains, enlargements of the joints, and cutaneous ulcerations remain ; scrofula ; elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections resembling it; chronic rheumatism ; but its efficacy is doubtful- Dose. 3j. to 3j. of the powder, or made into an electuary three times a day. See Decoct. Off. Prep. Decoctum Sarsaparilla, L. E- D. Decoct. Sarsaparilla Comp. I). Extractum Sarsaparilla, L. SASSAFRAS, LIGNUM ET RADIX. L- D. Lauri SaseafraB. SEC 143 Lignum, Radix, E. Sassafras Wood and Root. (Class and Or- der, vide Lauri Bacca. Virginia- 4-) Prop. Odour not unlike that of fennel; taste aromatic, subacrid, sweetish ; depending on an essential oil. Oper. Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. Use In cutaneous diseases ; chronic rheumatism; and as an adjunct to the decoctions of guaiac, &c- Dose. See Decoction. Off. Prep. Ol. Sassafras, L. E. D. SCAMMONLE GUMMI RESINA. L- E. Scammonium; Gummi Resina, D. Scammony. (Class and Order as Jalapa. Mexico- }.) What we receive comes from Aleppo. Prop. Odour trifling, but unpleasant; taste bitter, acrid; in small blackish gray fragments, becoming whitish-yellow when touched with wet fingers ; fracture shining. Comp. Resin 11 parts, gummy extract 3£. Oper. Drastic, purgative, hydragogue. Use. In obstinate costiveness, worms, dropsy. Dose. Gr- iij. to gr. xv- triturated with sugar, or with almonds. Ojf. Prep. < onfectio Scammonia, L- D. Pulvis Scam. Comp. L. E. SCILL/E RADIX, (bulbus ?) L D. Scilla? Maritime; Radix, E. The Bulb of the Squill. (Scilla Maritima- Hexand. Monogyn. N. O. Coronaria, L. Asphodeli, J. Austria. 4-) Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter, nauseous, extremely acrid; inflames the skin when rubbed on it: the bulb is large and lamellated. Its acrimony, on which its virtue depends, is destroyed by heat, drying and keeping ; extracted by vinegar, spirit, and water. Oper. Emetic in large doses ; purgative ; in small doses expectorant and diuretic. It owes its properties to a peculiar principle, which has been named Sillitin. Use. In pulmonary complaints, after the inflammatory action is re- duced ; humoral asthma ; pertussis; in dropsy, and more useful if combined with a mercurial. Dose. Gr. j. to gr. v. of the dried root, powdered, and united with nitre or ipecacuanha; or in pills, to produce diuresis, united with the blue pill. Incomp. Gelatine, lime water, alkaline carbonates, acetate of lead, nitrate of silver. Ojf. Prep. Acetum Scilla, L. E. D. Oxymel Scilla, I D. Pilula Scilla Comp. L E. D. Pulv. Scilla, E. D. Syrupus Scilla Ma- ritima, E. Tinct. Scilla, L. D. *»* To dry the squill it should be cut transversely, and the dried sections kept in an opaque stopped bottle- SCROPHULARIA; HERBA. D- Knotty Rooted Fig-wort. (Scro- phularia Nodosa. Didynam. Angiospermia, N. O. Personata, W L. Indigenous. 4-) TProp. Odour disagreeable; taste acrid; becomes almost inert by dry- ing. Oper. Externally anodyne, repellant. Use- As a fomentation in haemorrhois. SECALE CORNUTUM. U- S. Spurred Rye. Ergot. This arti- cle is believed to be a parasitic fungus growing on the rye, as it ia occasionally found attached to several other species of the gramma. Low moist situations, and wet seasons, are most favourable to its production. It is a remedy possessed of great powers, and appears 144 S E R to exert a peculiar action on the uterus and its appendages; it latei -.- has become a very fashionable remedy in cases of protracted deli very, arising from deficient action of that organ, and in uterine hemorrhage. Prop. It is of a dark brown colour, without any peculiar odour; when chewed of a disagreeable, nauseous, and subacrid taste, in form resembling a. cock's spur, whence its name. Oper- Given' in considerable quantity it is emetic, though, in usual doses, it appears to have no sensible operation except as a stimulus to the uterus. Use. In protracted cases of parturition, dependent on the deficient pains of labour, and in uterine hemorrhages. Dose. From 3j. to 3 ij. in infusion or decoction given in divided doses at sliort intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes in powder, say grs x. every fifteen minutes till uterine contraction follows. SENEG/E RADIX. L. Polygala Senega- Radix, E. Seneka, D. Senega Root. (Polygala Senega- Diadelph- Octand. N. O. L»- mentacea, L- Pediculares, J. Virginia. 4-) The bark is the active part of the root. Prop. Inodorous; taste sweetish at firet, then acrid, hot, and pun- gent ; depending on a resin; extracted by alcohol and ether. Oper- Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. Use. In peripneumonia, after the inflammatory action is reduced; humoral asthma; chronic rheumatism ; dropsy; croup ? The extract of it, with carbonate of ammonia, has been found useful in lethargy. Dose. Gr. xxx. to 3ij- of the powder; Madeira wine, if it can be ordered, covers the taste of the powder. Off- Prep- Decoctum Senega, L- E. SENN/E FOLIA. L. E. D. Senna Leaves. (For Class andOrder. see Cassia Pulpa. Egypt. 0.) Prop. Odour faint: taste bitterish ; active part extracted by alcohol, and by water; its activity destroyed by boiling in water. (The leaflet should he obtuse.) Oper. Cathartic, hydragogue. (It is apt to gripe.) Use. In costiveness and dropsy- Dose. Of the powder 3j. to 3 j. rubbed with crystals of tartar, and united wjth ginger to prevent griping ; but the best form is that of infusion. Ojf. Prep. Confectio Senna, L. E- D. Extract. Cassia Senna, E. Infusum Senna, L. D. Infusum Tamurindi cum Senna, E- D. Pulv. Senna Comp. L. Tinct. Senna, L- E- D. Syrupus Senna, D. SERPENTARIA5: RADIX. L. Aristolochis? Serpentarie Radix, E. Serpentaria Virginiana ; Radix, D- Snake Root. (Gynan^ Hexand. N O. Sarmentacea, L. Aristolockia, J. VirginiaP 40 Serpentaria Virginiana. Prop- Odour aromatic, similar to that of valerian; taste pungent, bitter; fibrous; its active part extracted partially only by water; altogether by proof spirit. Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. Use. In typhoid fevera, and diseases of debility; to nssist cinchona in the cure of intermittents ; in the exanthemata, and dyspepsia ; and externally as a gargle in cynanche maligna. Dose. Of the powder gr. xx. to 3 ss.; or of this infusion f 3 x. every SOD 145 four hours. R Rad. contusi Serpentaria? 3iv., Aqux ferv. f§ xij. Macerate in a covered ve.-sel for two hours. Off. Prep. Tinctura Serpentaria, L. E. D. SEVUM. L. Adeps OvilTi, E. D. Mutton Suet. (Ovis Aries, the Sheep; CI- Mammalia, Ord- Ruminantia.) SEVUM PR/EPARATUM- L. Prepared Suet. (Cut the suet in pieces, melt it over a slow fire, and strain it through linen.) Ovilli Sevum Praparatum. Oper. Emollient. Use- It is sometimes boiled in milk, in the proportion of |ij. to Oij. of milk; and a cupful given occasionally in chronic diarrhoea; but its principal use is to give consistence to ointments and plasters. -' Off'. Prep. Emplastrum Cera, L. E. Emplast. Meloes Vesicatorii, R. Ung Hydrargyri Fort. L. E D- Ung. Picis Liquida, L. D. Ung. Su"ti urtatc of magnesia 0.64, sulphate of lime 0.11 SOD/E SULPHAS. L. E. D .Sulphate of Soda, or Glauber's Salts (From the salt which remains after the distillation of muri- atic acid, the superabundant acid being saturated with subcarbo- nate .j!" t- i I... . Comp. Soda 19-75, nulphuric acid 24-69, water of crystallization 55-56 parts. Prop. Inodorous; taste strongly saline, and bitter, nauseous ; crystals hexagonal channelled prisms, with dihedral summits ; efflorescent; soluble in three parts of water at 60s ; undergoes the watery fusion. Oper. Purgative ; in small doses diuretic. Use. In costiveness, the. most generally employed purgative; in bi- lioui • t-ucs, largely diluted. Dose. Of the effloresced salt in powder 3 iij. to 3 vj.; of the crystal- lized salt in solution 3 vj. to 3 xij. Incomp- Sulphas potasse, sulphas rnagnesie. SODA TARTARIZATA. L- Tartras Potasse et Sode, E- Tartras Sode et Kali, D. Tartarized Soda. (Soda Subcarbonatis part. y, Potassa Supertartratis part, iij., Aq. Ferv- part, xv- Dissolve the subcarbonate in the water, and add gradually the supertartrate. Filter the solution ; then boil until a pellicle forms, and crystallize. Tiie crystals must be washed, and dried on blotting paper.) Soda Tartarizatum. Comp. Tartrate of potass 54, tartrate of 6oda 46, in 100 parts. Prop. Inodorous; taste bitter; crystals eight-sided prisms, the ends truncated at right angles; efflorescent; soluble in five parts of wa- ter. Oper. Cathartic. Use. In costiveness; well suited to cases of jaundice, calculus, and puerperal fevers- Dose- 3j. to ? jss. SOLUTIO ACETATIS ZINCI. E. Solution of Acetate of Zinc. (Sulphatis Zinci Zy,Aq. Distill, f^x. Solve. Acetatis Plumbi '.'Mv., Aq. Distill-f^x. Solve. Mix the solutions, and after they have remained at rest for a little time, filter the liquor.) A limpid fluid. (in.-r- Astringent. t :sc. Externally, as a collyrium in ophthalmia, after the vessels are unloaded ; and as an injection in gonorrhoea. *t* (In this preparation a double decomposition takes place: tAe sulphate of lead which is formed, is insoluble, and the acetate of r.inc soluble, on which account they are thus easily separated.) 148 S P I SOLUTIO MURIATIS BARYT/E. E. Solution of Muriate of Barytes. (Muriatis Baryta part, j., Aq. Distill, partes iij. Dis- solve-) A limpid colourless fluid. Oper- Stimulant, deobstruent, diuretic; in large doses emetic, purga- tive, and extremely deleterious ; externally esoharotic Use. In scrofulous affections ; glandular obstructions ; worms, and cutaneous diseases ; but its. efficacy is doubtful. Externally to fun- gous ulcers, and specks on the cornea. Dose. Ill v. to fllx. twice or thrice a day, and gradually increased till the nausea is produced. Incomp Sode sulphas, alumen, potasse nitras, and argenti nitras. SOLUTIO MURIATIS CALCIS- E. Liquor Calcis Muriatis, L. Aqua Muriatis Calcis, D- Solution of Muriate of Lime- (Calcis Muriatis %\y, Aqua Dist. f^iij. Dissolve the muriate of lime in the water: then filter through paper- Lond.) A colourless fluid. Oper. Tonic, stimulant, deobstruent. Use. In scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, general debility, and laxity of habit. Dose, fllxxx. to f3j. in a cupful of water, twice or thrice a day. * Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids; potass, soda a/rd their car- bonates ; sulphas sode, sulphas potasse, nitras potasse, and boras SOLUTIO SULPHATIS CUPRI COMPOSITA ; Olim Aqua Styp- tica, E. Compound Solution of Sulphate of Copper. (Sulphatis Cupri,---- Alumina sing. 3 iij-, Aqua Oij-, Acidi Sulphurici 3 jss. Boil the sulphates in water to dissolve them, and to the fil- tered liquor add the acid.) Aqua Cupri Vitrioleta. Oper- Astringent. Use- External, to stop bleedings at the nose, by the application of dossils steeped in it to the part. SOLUTIO SULPHATIS ZINCI. E- Solution of Sulphate of Zinc. (Sulphatis Zinci gr. xvj-, Aqua f|viij., Acidi Sulphurici Diluti gr. xvj. Dissolve the sulphate, then add the water, and filter through paper.) Oper. Astringent. Use. As a lotion in the latter stage of ophthalmia; and an injection in gonorrhoea. SPARTII CACUMINA. L. Spartii Summitetes, E. Genista; Se- mina, Cacumina, D- Bjoom Tops. (Diadelph- Demand. N- O- Papilionacea- South of Europe- > -) Genista Cacumina- Prop. Almost inodorous ; taste bitter. Oper. Diuretic. Use. In dropsies Dose- 3j. to 3 j. of the powder. Off. Prep- Ext. Cacuminum Genista, D. SPIGELI/E RADIX. L. E. D. Indian Pink Root. (Pentand. Monogyn. N- O- Stellata, L- Gentiana, J. North America. 40 Oper. Anthelmintic. -, Use. For the expulsion of lumbrici; in the remitting fever of infancy- Its use should be preceded by an emetic, and followed by a warm purgative- Dose. Gr- x. to 3 ss- of the powdered root, every night and morning. till the worms are expelled. S P I 149 SPIRITUS /ETHERIS AROMATICUS. L. jEther Sulphuricus cum Alcohole Aromaticus, Ei Aromatic Spirit of /Ether. (Cin- nam-Cort-cont. Zi\y,Cardam- Semin. cont- 3jss., Piperis Longi Fruct. cont, Zingiberis Rad. concisa, sing, fy, Spiritus JEthe- ris Sulph- Oj. Macerate for fourteen days in a stopped glass vessel, and strain.) Elixir Vitrioli Duke- Oper. Stimulant. Use. In laintings and nervous affections. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3j- SPIRITUS /ETHERIS SULPHURICI COMPOSITUS. L. Com- ■ pound Spirit of /Ether. (Spiritus JEtheris Sulph. Oj., Olei JEt.hr- rei f 3 ij. Mix.) Spiritus JEhcris Vitrioliei. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Use. In typhus fever, hysteria, and to allay irritation in painful diseases; in headach externally, when the part to which it is applied is kept covered with the hand, in which case it acts as a ru- befacient. Dose. 13 ss. to f 3 ij. in any convenient vehicle- SPIRIT! S .ETHERIS NITRICI- L. Spiritus /Etheris Nitrosi, E. Spiritus /Ethereus Nitrosus, D." Spirit of Nitric Aether. (Spir. Rect.Oiy, Acidi Nitrici, ponderc 3 iij. Mix by pouring the acid gradually on the spirit, being careful that theh'eat does not ex- ceed 120° ; then distil, by a gentle heat, f 3 xxiv.) Comp. Nitrous ether, alcohol, nitric acid. Prop. Odour fragrant; taste pungent; acidulous, colourless; vola- tile, inflammable ; soluble in alcohol and water : sp. grav. 0-834- Oper. Refrigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. Use. -In icbnl.' diseases; spasmodic asthmn : and dropsies, as an as- sistant to more active remedies. Dose. 1u.xx. to f 3j. in any convenient vehicle. ■* SPIRITUS /ETHERIS SULPHURICI. L. /Ether Sulphuricus cum Alcohole, E. Liquor /Ethereus Sulphuricus, D. Spirit of Sulphuric iEther. (JEtheris Sulph- Oss., Spir. Rectif. Oj. Mix.) Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, antispasmodic. Use- The same as sulphuric ether: f3j. inf^vj. of barley water, and syrup of marshmallows f 3 iv. form a useful gargle in slight in- flammations of the fauces. Dose- f 3 ss. to f 3 iij. SPIRITUS AMMONI/E. L. D. Alcohol Ammoniatum, E. (Spir. Teitur'on's Oiij., Ammonia Muriatis ?iv., Potassa Subcarbona- tis 3 vj. Mix, and with a gentle heat distil Ojss. into a cooled re- ceiver.) Prop. Odour pungent, ammoniscal; taste pungent, acrid ; colour- less. Oper- Stimulant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic Use- In paralysis, faintings, and nervous debilities, Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 j. in water. Ojf- Prep. Spir. Ammonia Aromaticus, L- E. D. Spir. Ammonia Fort id- L. E D ' SPIRITUS AMMONI/E AROMATICUS. L-D. Alcohol Ammo- niatum Aromaticum, E. Aromatic Ammoniated Alcohol. (Cin- namomi Cort. cont., Caryoph- cont- sing. 3ij., Limonum Cort- 3iv., Potassa Subcarbonatis Ibss., Ammonia Muriatis 3 v., Spir Red. Oiv., Aqua Congium- Mix, and distil six pints.) Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic. 150 S P I Use. In the same cases as the spirit of ammonia ; it is more grateful, and less acrimonious. Dose. I 3 ss. to f 3 j. in any convenient vehicle. Ojf. Prep. Tinct. Guaiaci Ammoniata, L- D. Tinct- Valeriana Ammoniata, L. D. SPIRITUS AMMONI/E FCETIDUS. L. D. Spiritus Assefoetide Ammoniatus, E. Foetid Spirit of Ammonia. (Spir- Ammonia Oij., Assafati.'a \\y Macerate for twelve hours, then, by a gen- tle heat, distil a pint and a half into a cooled receiver.) Prop. Odour foetid and ammoniacal; taste alkalescent, acrid, and slightly alliaceous; pale when recent; coloured brown by age. Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Use- In hysteria, atonic gout, and spasmodic asthma. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 j. in water. SPIRITUS AMMONI/E SUCCINATUS. L. Succinated Spirit of Ammonia. (Mastiches 3 iij-, Spir. Rect.f Zix-, Lavandula Olei fllxiv-, Succini Ol. V\iv., Liquoris Ammonia f^x- Macerate the mastich in the alcohol, and pour off the clear tincture ; then add the rest, and shake them together.) Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Use. In the same cases as the spirit of ammonia; the receding of eruptions in the exanthemata; and in atonic gout. It is said to be used in India, with success, against the bite of the rattlesnake. Dose. fl\x. to f 3 ss- SPIRITUS ANISI. L. Spiritus Anisi Compositus, D. Spirit of Aniseed. (Anisi Sem. cont Ibss-, Spirit- Ten- Cong., Aqua: quod s. s. ad prohibcndum Empyreuma. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil a gallon by a gentle heat.) A spiritous solution of the oil of aniseed Oper. Carminative- Use- In flatulent states of the stomach ; but it is often abused, and produces dram-drinking. Dose, i 3 ss. to f 3 ss. SPIRITUS AMORACLE COMPOSITUS. L- Spiritus Raphani Compositus, D- Compound Spirit of Horse Radish. (Armoracia Rad. recent, concisa, Aurant. Cort. exsicc, sing. Ibj., Myristicec Nuc. contus. 3ss-, Spirit- Ten- Cong- y,Aqua q. s- s. ad prohi- bendum Empyreuma. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil a gallon-) Oper- Stimulant, antiscorbutic. Use- Scarcely now used in scorbutus ; but it is a useful adjunct to infusion of foxglove, in dropsies attended with much debility. Dose, f 3j. tof 3iv. SPIRITUS CAMPHOR/E. L. Tinctura Camphore, E. Spirit of Camphor. (Camphora 3 iv., Spirit- Rect. Oij.) Oper- Stimulant, anodyne, discutient. Use- External, against rheumatic pains, paralytic numbness, chil- blains, gangrene, and for discussing tumours. Incomp- Water, wh ch precipitates the camphor. SPIRITUS CARUI. L. D. Spiritus Cari Carui, E. Spirit of Car- raway. (Carui Sem- contus- Ibjss., Spir. Ten. Cong, y, Aqua q. s. s- Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil a gallon.) A spi- ritous solution of the oil. Oper. Carminative- Use. In flatulence ; and as an adjunct to griping purgatives. Missing Page 151-152 SUB 153 Prop. Odour peculiar, when rubbed ; insipid; colour white, softish; spec grav. 7,291. Oper. Mechanical? Use. See Pulvis Stanni. STAPHISAGRLE SEMINA. L- E. D. Staves Acre Seed. (Del- phinium Staphisagra, Polyandria Trigynia, N. O. Multisiliqua, L. Ranunculacea, J. lstria, Apulia, Crete, t.) Prop Odour disagreeable; taste nauseous, bitterish, hot; figure an irregular triangle ; externally black ; white within. Oper. Cathartic, emetic, vermifuge- Use- Owing to the violence of its operation, it is very seldom given internally ; and is only used as a powder, mixed with hair-powder, to destroy pediculi. Dose. Gr. iij. to gr. x. of the powder. STATICE. U. S. Marsh Rosemary. (Statice Caroliniana, Pentand. Pentagyn. N O. Aggregata, L. Plumbagines, J. United States. 4-) Radix. The root- Comp. Contains considerable tannin and gallic acid. Prop. Taste austere, bitter, and intensely astringent. Oper. Astringent; antiseptic. Use. In gargles in aphthous and malignant sore throat; internally in these diseases, and in chronic dysentery. The active properties are extracted by water or alcohol- STRAMONII SEMINA E'P FOLI/E. L. The Leaves and Seeds of Thorn Apple. (See Dature Stramonium Herba.) STYRACIS BALSAMUM. L. Styrax Officinale ; Balsamum, E. Styrax Calamita ; Resina, D. Balsam of Storax. (Styrax Offici- nale, Decand- Monogyn. N. O. Bicornes, L. Guaiacina, J- Syria- >.) Comp- Resin, benzoic acid. Prop. Odour fragrant, agreeable; taste aromatic; in masses com- posed of distinct tears of a yellowish-red or brownish colour- Of- ten adulterated with sawdust. Oper. Stimulant, expectorant. Use. Seldom used alone, but as an adjunct, chiefly on account of its fragrance and aromatic properties. Dose. Gr- x- to 3 ss- Ojf. Prep. Styrax Purificata, D. Pilulae Styrace, D. STYRAX PURIFICATA. D- Purified Storax. (Digest the storax in moderately warm water, till it be softened; then express it be- tween iron plates, heated by boiling water ; and, lastly, separate it from the water.) SUBMURIAS HYDRARGYRI PR/ECIPITATUS. E. D Pre- cipitated Submuriate of Mercury. (A protoxide combined with acid-) Comp. Quicksilver 79, oxygen 9.5, muriatic acid 11.6- Prop. Inodorous; insipid, in a fine white powder. Oper- Antisyphilitic, alterative. Use and Dose. The same as of calomel, from which it differs only in being in a finer powder than the other can be reduced to ; on which account it can be more advantageously combined with lard, for ex- ternal use. SUB-SULPHAS HYDRARGYRI FLAVUS. E Yellow Sub-sul- phate of Mercury, formerly Turpeth Mineral. (A protoxide, com- bined with acid.) Hydrargyri Vitriolatus Flatus- 154 S U L Comp. Quicksilver 76, oxygen 11, sulphuric acid 10, water 3, in 100 parts- (Fourcroy.) Prop. Inodorous; taste acrid; of a bright yellow colour; soluble in 2000 parts of water at 60°, and 600 at 212°. Oper. Emetic, discutient, errhine, alterative. Use. Seldom employed internally, owing to its violent effects; it is, however, a useful emetic in swelled testicles; and, when mixed with liquorice root powder, and snuffed up the nose at bed-time, it forms an excellent errhine in chronic ophthalmia. Dose- Gr. j. to gr. iv. SUCCINUM. L. E. D. Amber. (Found on the shores of the Bal- tic.) Comp. A resinous matter, essential oil, and an acid sui generis- Prop Inodorous, except when heated or rubbed ; insipid ; in frag- ments of a pale golden yellow colour ; transparent; has a shining lustre; fracture conchoidal; brittle; sp. grav. 1.08; insoluble in water ; slightly acted on by alcohol. Use. To afford its essential oil and acid. Ojf. Prep- Acidum Snccinieum, E. D. Oleum Succini, L. E. D. SUCCUS SPISSATUS SAMBUCI NIGR/E. E. D- Inspissated Juice of Elder Berries, vulgarly called Elder Rob. (Succi Bacca- rum Sambuci Nig. matur. partes v., SaeeA. Pur. partem j. Boil, with a gentle heat, to the consistence of honey.) Prop. Odour that of the berries ; taste acidulous, sweet- Oper. Cooling, laxative, diuretic. Use. Diluted with water as a beverage in cases of inflammatory fe- vers ; and catarrh. Dose, f 3ss.to f 3 jss. diluted with water. SULPHAS BARYT/E. E. Sulphate of Barytes (A natural pro- duction.) Comp. Baryta 66, sulphuric acid 34, in 100 parts. (Berzelius.) Prop. Foliated ; spec. grav. 4.4; decrepitates when heated ; insolu- ble in water ; soluble in boiling concentrated sulphuric acid ; used for preparing the muriate. SULPHAS POTASS/E CUM SULPHURE. E. Sulphate of Potass with Sulphur. (Nitralis Potassa in pulv. triti, Sulphuris Sublimati, pondera aqualia. Gradually deflagrate in a red hot crucible, and when cold, preserve it in a well-stopped glass vessel.) The nitrate is decomposed. Lixivia Vitriolata Sulphurea- Oper- and Use. The same as the Sulphate of Potass, into which it is converted by attracting oxygen, when exposed to the atmo- sphere. Dose- Gr. xv. to 3j. SULPHUR- L. Roll Sulphur. (A volcanic production. Sicily.) Impure sulphur, melted, and run into moulds- Prop. Odorous, when heated or rubbed; insipid, solid, brittle; sp- grav. 1.99; fusible at 226°, crystallizing as it cools; volatilized by heat, condensing unchanged. SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. L. E. D. Sublimed Sulpbur, com- monly called Flowers of Sulphur. (The sulphur of commerce, which is obtained from pyrites, sublimed in close vessels.) Comp. Oxygen, hydrogen, and a peculiar base. (Davy.) Prop. Inodorous, unless rubbed between the fingers, or heated; ■lightly acidulous; a fine powder, of a bright yellow colour; very inflammable ; contains a vmall portion of sulphuric acid produced SYR 155 in the sublimation, from which it is freed by washing; soluble in linseed oil- SULPHUR LOTUM. L. Sulphur Sublimatum Lotum, E- D. Washed Sulphur. (Boiled water is poured on sublimed sulphur, so as to wash away any acid it may contain, and the sulphur is then dried-) Sulphuris Flores Loti- Oper. Stimulant, laxative, diaphoretic, transpiring through the cuta- neous exhalants. Use. As a laxative in chronic rheumatism, atonic gout, rachitis, asthma, and some pulmonary affections ; in hemorrhoidal affec- tions it is the only laxative that should be employed, united with magnesia or supertartrate of potass. A specific in itch, and several cutaneous diseases ; when either internally of externally exhi- bited. Dose. 3ss. to 3 ij. taken night and morning. SULPHUR PRA2CIPITATUM. L. Precipitated Sulphur. (Sul- phuris sublimati Ibj., Calcis recentis Ibij., Aqua Cong. iv. Boil the sulphur and the lime together in water; filter the solution through paper, and add to it as much muriatic acid as is necessary to precipitate the sulphur; then wash this by repeated effusions of water, till it becomes insipid.) Prop. The same as sublimed sulphur, only winter, owing to its com- bination with a portion of water. Oper. Use, and Dose. The same as sublimed sulphur. SULPHURETUM HYDRARGYRI NIGRUM. L. E. Black Sul- phuret of Mercury. (Hydrargyri Purif-, Sulphuris Sublimati, sing. Ibj. Rub them together, until the globules disappear.) JEthiops Mineralis- Comp. Sulphuret of mercury 58, sulphiir 42, in 100 parts- Prop. Inodorous; nearly insipid; a very black powder, impalpable to the touch; completely volatilized by heat; should not give a white colour to gold when rubbed on it; soluble in solution of pure potass. Oper. Anti-venereal, alterative, anthelmintic. Use. In syphilis, but it is the most inactive of the mercurial pre- parations ; in glandular swellings ; it is sometimes useful against asc.arides. Dose. Gr. v. to 3 ss. SULPHURETUM SOD/E. U- S. Sulphuret of Soda. (Sulphur. Sod, >-'">>carb, exsic. aa 3j- Prepared in the same manner as the sulphuret of potass.) SUPER-TARTRIS POTASSA? IMPURUS. E. Impure Super- Tartrate of Potass. (Deposited on the insides of wine casks-) Sea Tartar. 9WIETENIA FEBRIFUGA. Cortex. E. D- Febrifuge Swietania Bark. (DecandriaMonogynia,H- O. Trihilata, L. Meliacea, J. East Indies, 'f •) Prop. Odour aromatic; taste bitter; red, brittle, compact, covered with a rough gray cuticle; contains no cinchonin. Oper- Tonic, stomachic. Use. In intermittents, and other diseases in which bitter tonics are- useful. Dose. 3 j- to 3ij. of the powder. SYRUPUS SIMPLEX. L. E. D. Simple Syrup. (Sacckari Purif Ibijs*., Aqua Oj. Dissolve the sugar in the water., by a water bath; 156 SYR then sctit aside for twenty-four hours; take off the scum, and pour off the clear part from the feces.) Prop. Inodorous, sweet, thickish, transparent. Use. To cover nauseous tastes; but it seldom renders medicine more pleasant, and migbt well be altogether dispensed with. It is the base of most of the other syrups. SYRUPUS ACIDI ACETOSI. E. Syrup of Acetous Acid. (Acidi Acetosi Ibijss., Sacch. Pur- Ibiijss. Boil them so as to form a syrup.) Syrupus Aceti. s Prop. Odour acetous; taste sweet, acidulous. Oper. Refrigerant, antiseptic- Use. In fevers, diluted with water, as a beverage; and in scorbutus. Dose- fZy to f 3 ij- SYRUPUS ALII D. Syrup of Garlic. (Radicis Alii concisa Ibj., Aqua Ferventls Ibij. Macerate the garlic for twelve hours ; and to the strained liquor add sugar so as to form a syrup.) Prop. Odour and taste of garlic. Oper. and Use. The same as those of garlic. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 iv. S YRUPUh ALTH/E/E. L. Syrupus Althee Officinalis, E- Syrup of Marshmallows. (Althaa Rad. Recent- contus- Ibss., Sacch- Pur. Ibij-, Aqua Oiv. Boil the root in the water to one half, and press out the liquor when cold; defecate, and having added the sugar, boil down to a proper consistence.) Very susceptible of de- composition when kept. Oper. Emollient, demulcent- Use. In catarrh, nephritic cases, and for sweetening demulcent drinks in acute fevers- Dose. f3j. to f 3 iij. SYRUPUS AURANTIORUM. L. D- Syrupus Citri Aurantii, E- Syrup of Orange Peel. (Aurant- Cort- recent. f,iy, Aqua Ferv- Oj., Sacch. Pur- Ibiij. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve hours, in a covered vessel; then to the decanted fluid add the sugar.) Oper. Slightly tonic; stomachic. Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic draughts and mixtures. Dose, f 3j. to f 3 ij. SYRUPUS COLCHICI AUTUMNALIS. E. Syrup of Meadow Saffron. (Rad- Colchici Autumn, recent, in frusta tenuia secta 3j-, Acidi Acetosi %xvj., Sacch. Pur. 3xxvj. Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days, occasionally shaking the vessel; then strain with gentle expression ; and to the strained fluid add the sugar, and boil to a syrup.) The bulb should be taken up in July. Sy- rupus Colchici. Oper. Diuretic. Use- As an adjunct to diuretic infusions in dropsy, gout, and humoral asthma- Dose, f 3j. to f jss. or more. SYRUPUS CROCI. L. Syrup of Saffron. (Croci Stigmatum ly. Aqua Fervent- Oj., Sacch- Purif. Ibjss.) Oper. Cordial- Use- As an adjunct to stomachic and cordial draughts; but chiefly used on account of its colour. Dose, f 3 j. to f ?ij- SYRUPUS DIANTHI CARYOPHYLLI. E. Syrupus Caryophyln SYR 157 Rubri, D. Syrup of Clove July-flower- (Petalorum Dianthi Caryophilli recent-, unguibus resectis, Ibj., Aqua Bull. Ibiv., Sacch- Pur. Ibvij.) Oper. Aromatic. Use. Chiefly to impart its colour to extemporaneous mixtures. Dose, f 3j- to f 3ij. Incomp. Alkaline solutions. SYRUPUS LIMONUM. L. D. Syrupus Citri Medice, E. Syrup of Lemons. (Limonis Succi colatiOy, Sacchari Purif. Ibij-) Sy- rupus Succi Limonum- Oper. Cooling, antiseptic. Use- To sweeten and acidulate barley water, and other diluting fluids, in inflammatory and bilious fever. A useful addition to detergent " gargles. Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 iij- or more. SYRUPUS MORI- L- Syrup of Mulberry. (Afori Succi colatiOy, Sacch. Purif. Ibij.) Oper. Cooling. Use- For acidulating and sweetening diluting fluids in febrile dis- eases ; and as in adjunct to gargles. Dose- f 3 j- to f 3 iij. or more. SYRUPUS OPII. D. yrup of Opium. (Extracti Opii a quo si gr- xviij., Aqua Ft.rvent- F 5 viij. Dissolve the opium by maceration; and udd the sugar so as to form a syrup.) f 3 j. contains gr. j. of opium. Oper. Anodyne. Use. An elegant form of giving opium to allay the irritation of ca- tarrh after the inflammatory symptoms are abated ; for producing sleep in the diseases of children. Dose- (Zy to f |j. or more. SYRUPUs PAPAVERIS. L. Syrupus Papaveris Somniferi, E- Syrupus Papaveris Albi, D- Syrup of Poppies. (Papaveris Cap- sul-exsiccat-et contus-, cxemptis seminibus 3xiv-, Sacch. Pur. Ibij., Aq. Ferv- cong- ijss. Macerate the capsules in the water for twelve hours, boil to a gallon, and express strongly. Boil the liquor to Oij. and strain while hot. Defecate by rest for twelve hours, and boil the clear liquor to Oj- adding the sugar so as to form a syrup.) f 3j. contains about gr. j. of opium. Oper. Anodyne. Use. In catarrh, to abate coughing; and in children's diseases, to allay pain and procure sleep. The degree of strength of the prepa- ration is very uncertain. Rs Olei olive, oxymellia scilla?, syr. papav. alb- sing, f 3 j- in doses of a tea-spoonful, in obstinate coughs and pertussis. Dose, f 3 j. tof 3j- accordingto the age of the patient. *m* It very readily ferments, and, therefore, should be kept in a cool place. SYRYPUS RHCEADOS. L. Syrupus Papaveris Erratici, D. Syrup of Red Poppy. (Rhaados Petalorum recent. Ibj., Aqua Fere- t'3 xviij., Sacch. Purif. tbijss- To the water, heated in a water bath, add the petals gradually, stirring occasionally; next remove the vessel, and macerate for twelve hours; then express the liquor; ' defecate ; and add the sugar so as to form a syrup-) Use. As a colouring matter. 12 158 SYR SYRUPUS RHAMNI. L. Syrupus Rhamni CatharUci, E. Syrup of Buckthorn. (Rhamni Baccar. Succi recent. Oiv., Zingiberis Rad,concisa. Pimenta Baccar, contrit. sing. 3ps-, Sacch- Purif- Ibiijss- Defecate the juice by rest, for three days, and strain. To a pint of the defecated juice add the ginger root and pimento; then macerate, in a gentle heat, for four hours, and strain; boil what re mains to one pint and a half, mix the liquors, and add sugar so as to form a syrup. Syrupus Spina Cerema- Oper. Cathartic, but attended with griping and dryness of the mouth and fauces. Use. To open the bowels; but owing to its very unpleasant taste, it is seldom employed, except in clysters. Dost- f 3 iv. to f 3 ij. drinking freely of gruel, and other tepid fluids, during the operation. SYRUPUS RHEI U.S. Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei contusi 3 ij-, Aq. bullientis Oj. Macerate for twenty-four hours ; strain, and add two parts of sugar to one of the liquor; then boil to form a syrup.) Oper. Cathartic. Use- In diseases of children as a convenient laxative- Dose. From 3 ij- to 5 ss. SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS- U. S. Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei contusi 3 v., Caryophyllorum; Cinnamomi; utriusque 3ss., Myristica 3 iij-, Aq. Oj- Digest and evaporate till the liquor is reduced to half apint; strain and add one pound of sugar, and half a pint of alcohol; then boil to form a syrup.) Oper. A stimulant tonic, and minorative. Use. Dyspepsia, chlorosis, chronic dysentery. Dose. From t'3 ij. to f ;j- repeated according to circumstances- SYRUPUS RHFi CUM SENNA. U. S- Surupof Rhubarb with Senna. (Rhei contusi: Senna; utriusque 3jss., Cardamomi 3iij;, Aqua Fervcntis Oj- Digest for twenty-four hours, and evaporate with a gentle heat till the liquor is reduced to half a pint; tlten strain, and add one pound of sugar; lastly boil to form a sy- rup.) Oper. Cathartic Use- Dyspepsia, chronic affections of the intestines. Dose. From f 3 ij- to f 3 j- repeated as circumstances require- SYRUPUS ROS/E. L. Syrupus Rose Centifolie, E. Syrup of the ii.o=o. (Rosa Centifolie Petal, exsiceat. \ vij., Sacch. Purif. Jbvj-, Aqua Ferv- Oiv. Macerate the petals in the water for twelve hours; evaporate the strained liquor to Oijs. and add the sugar so as to form a syrup.) Oprr- Gently laxative. Use. In costiveness of weak habits, and of children. Dose t'3 ij to fz. iss. or more SYRUPUS ROSAO GALLIC/E. E. Syrup of Red Roses. (Petal. siccrct Rosa Gallica 3 vij-, Aq- Bull tbv., Sacch- Pur. Ibvj. Pre- pared in the same manner as the former-) Oper- Mildly astringent. Use- As an adjunct to stomachic infusions, and to gargles; but it is on account of its colour chiefly that it is valued. Dose, if 3 j- to f 3 iv. cr more- SYRUl'US SARSAPARILL/E. L. Syrup of Sarsaparilla. (B; bruised root of sarsaparilla one pound, boiling water a gallon, pu- rified sugar one pound. Macerate the root in water for twenty- SYR 153 four hours; then boil down to four pints, and strain the liquor while it is yet hot; then add the sugar, and boil down to a proper consis- tence. Use. In the same cases as the root. Dose- From f 3j. to f3iv. SYRUPUS SARSAPARILL/E- U. S. Syrup of Sarsaparilla. (Sarsaparilla concisa tbij., Glycyrrhiza concisa. Rosa. Senna- Anisi. singulorum |ij., Aqua tepidaOtiy Infuse the sarsapa- rilla in the water for twenty-four hours; tlien boil for a quarter of an hour; and strain by strong compression ; boil the sarpa- rilla again in ten pints of water, to tlie consumption of one half of the liqusr • strain, mix the two liquors, and add the other in- gredients. Boil aerain to the consumption of one half the liquor ; strain and add of honey and sugar of each two pounds. Boil to form a thick syrup- Oper. Alterative, depurative, tonic. Use- Employed with decided advantage in those anomalous cases of disease which sometimes occur in scrofulous habits, produced by the improper and irregular exhibition of mercury for the cure of lues venerea ; in chronic eruptions; chronic affections of the bones, periosteum, ligaments, &c ; and, indeed, in a variety of anoma- lous cases that can be brought under no specific classification. Dose. From f 3 as', to 3 'j- twice or thrice a day, the patient drinking at the same time very freely of a strong decoction of sarsaparilla^ SYRUPUS SARSAPARILLA? ET GUAIACI. U. S. Syrup of Sarsaparilla and Guaiacum. (Sarsaparilla concisa. Guaiaci rasi utriusque %y, Rosa- Acacia Gummi. Senna, unius cujusque 3j- Zingiberis 3ss. Aqua Ox. Boil the two first ingredients in the water for one hour; strain, and to the residuum add ten pints more of water; boil for two liours, and towards the end of the boiling, add all the other ingredients, strain, and to the decoctions add of clarified honey and sugar, each three pounds; and boil to form a syrup.) Oper- The same as the preceding ; but perhaps more stimulating and diaphoretic. Use and Dose. The same as the preceding. SYRUPUS SENN/E, L. D. Syrupus Cassie Senna?, E. Syrap of Senna. (Senna Folior. 3'j-i Faniculi Sem. contus. ^y, Manna 3 iij-, Sacch. Pur. thy, Aqua Eerv. Oj- Macerate the senna leaves and fennel seeds for twelve hours ; strain, adding the manna and sugar to the juice, to form a syrup.) Oper. Purgative. Use- For the costiveness of children, and persons of a delicate habit of body. Dose, f 3 ij- to f 3jss. or more. SYRUPUS SENEG/E. U- S. Syrup of Seneca snake root. (Se- nega contusa 3 iv-- AquaOy, Sacchari Ibj. Boil the snake root in the water to the consumption of one half; decant the clear liquid, add the sugar, and boil to form a syrup.) Oper. Expectorant, diuretic. Use. Chronic pulmonary affections, second stage of croup, and dropsy. Dose. Fromf 3j. to f 3ss. every three or four hours- SYRUPUS SCILLA5 MARITIM/E. E. Syrup of Squill. (Aceti Scilla Marit- fciv., Sacch. Pur- cont. lbvij.) 13 160 T A M Oper. Diuretic, expectorant, emetic. Use- In the same cases as those for which the oxymel is employed ; ai an emetic it is given only to children. Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 ij. SYRUPUS TOLUTANUS- L- Syrupus Toluifere Balsami, E- Syrup of Tolu. (Balsami Tolutani 3 j-, -^?- Fern. Oj-, Sacch. Pur- Ibij. Boil the balsam for half an hour in a covered vessel, oc- casionally stirring; strain when cold, and add sugar to the liquor, so as to form a syrup.) Use. Simply to give its agreeable flavour to draughts, mixtures, and emulsions- Dose, f 3j- tof3iv. , SYRUPUS VIOLA? ODORAT/E. E. Syrupus Viole, D. Syrup of Violets. (Florum recent Viola Odor. Ibij., Aq Bull. Ibviij., Sacch. Pur. Ibxv.- macerate in a covered vessel for twenty-four hours ; strain without expression, through linen ; add the sugar so as to form a syrup.) Syrupus Violarum. Oper. Very gently laxative. Use. To children, and to impart its blue colour to fluid mixtures, &c. Dose, f 3 j-to f 3 ij. Incomp. Acidulated and alkalized fluids, if it be wished to preserve the colour. SXRUPUS ZINGIBERIS. L. D. Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, E. Syrup of Ginger. (Zingiberis Rad. concisa 3 ij-i Aqua Ferv- Oj-, Sacch- Purif. Ibij. To the strained liquor add the sugar, so as to form a syrup.) Oper. Cordial, stomachic, carminative. Use. As an adjunct to bitter and tonic infusions. Dose. Zy to 3 iij. -, TABACI FOLIA. L. E. Nicotians Folia, D. The Leaves of Tobacco. (Pentand. Monogynia, N. O- Lurida, L- Solannea, J. America. 0.) Prop. Odour of the dried leaves, strong, foetid, narcotic; taste bitter, extremely acrid ; burns with a sparkling light, owing to the nitrate of potass which it contains; an essential oil, whfch is soluble both in water and alcohol, and nieotin, a pecujiar substance, on which its virtues are supposed to depend. Qper. Narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, errhine, a vio- lent poison, whether externally applied, or taken into the stomach. Use- In ileus and incarcerated hernia, in the form of clyster of the infusion, or the smoke; in dropsy and dysuria; chewing it relieves the pain of toothach ; and, as an errhine, it forms the basis of all the snuffs in common use. The infusion has been used as a lotion in scabies, tinea capi'.is, and other eruptions ; but it is apt to induce sickness. Dose- See Infusum Tahaci. For clysters 3 j. is infused in Oj- of boiling water. Ojf. Prep- Infusum Tabaci, L. Vinum Nicotiana Tabaci, E. TAMARINDI PULPA. L. Tamarind! Indice, Fructus Conditus, E- Tamarindus; Fructus, D. The Pulp of the Tamarind. (Ta- marindus Indica, the Tamarind Tree. Monadelph. Triand- N- O. Lomentacea, L. Leguminosa, J. East and West Indies. V) Prop. Inodorous: taste acid, sweet; juicy, when fresh and good; the seeds are hard; and the blade of a knife thrust into the pulp should T E It 101 not become coated with copper. One ounce contains citric acid 45, malic acid 2, acidulous tartrate of potass 15 gr., gelatine, muci- lage, fecula, and sugar. Oper. Laxative, refrigerant. , Use. In dysentery and fevers, particularly those attended with an in- creased secretion of bile, and putrid symptoms. Tamarind whey, made by boiling 3'j. ol"tne fru'* Wltn "Jss- °f niilk, and straining, is an excellent diluent in fevers- Dose. 3 ss to 3 ij. often added to cassia, and to manna. Incomp. Tartrates, and acetates of potass, and soda; the resinous' cathartics; infusum senne. TANACETI VULGARIS FLORES, FOLIA, E. Tanacetum, Folia, D. Flower and Leaf of Tansy. (Syngen- Polygam. Su- perfl- N. O. • Composita Discoidea, L. Corymbifera, J. Eu- rope. 40 Prop. Odour peculiar,strong; taste warm, bitter. Oper. Tonic, deobstruent, anthelmintic. Use. In gout; hysteria, connected with suppression of the menses ; in worms; seldom used. Dose. 3ss. to 3j. It is drank as tea by gouty people. TARAXICI RADIX- L E. Taraxicum; (Dens Leonis) Radix- Folia, D. The Root of Dandelion (Syngen- Polygam. JEqual. N. O. Composita Semifioscula, L. Cichoracea, J. Indigenous. Prop. Inodorous; taste at first slightly sweetish and acidulous, then bitter- Oper- Aperient, diuretic, resolvent- Use- In chronic inflammation, and incipient scirrhus of the liver ; chronic derangements of the stomach; dropsy; pulmonary tuber- cles ; and jaundice. Dose- f 3 ij. of the following infusion three or four times a day. R the full grown roots sliced 3j- water Oij- Boil gently to a pint, strain, and add supertartrate of potass 3 iij. Incomp- Infusion of galls, nitrate of silver, oxymuriate of mercury, acetate of lead, sulphate of iron. TARTARUM. L. Tartar- (Potasse Supertartras impura.) En- crusted on wine casks- Comp. Potass, tartaric acid, and, generally, lime. Prop. Taste acid, rather unpleasant; colour dirty white, red, or brown, according to the nature of the wine depositing it. It is brittle, soluble in cold water, but much more so in boiling water; decomposed by heat. Use. For the preparation of supertartrate of potass. TEREBLVTHINA CANADENSIS. L. Balsaraum Canadense, D. Canada Turpentine. (Pinus Balsamea, Norway Spruce Fir, Mo- noecia, Monadelphia, N. O. Conifera. Canada. ^ ■) TEREBLVTHINA CHIA. L. Cyprus Turpentine. (Pistacia Tc- rebinthus, Dioecia, Pentand- N. O. Amentacea, L. Tercbintacea, J. South of Europe. > .) TEREBINTHINA? OLEUM. L. Oil of Turpentine. The crude oil. TEREBINTHINA VENETA. E. Resina Liquida; vulgo Tcre- binthina Veneta, D. Venice Turpentine. (Pinus Larix. The Larc:i. Class and Order of P. Balsamea. South of Europe, i .) TEREBINTHINA VULGARIS. L. E. Terebinthina Vulgarix: 162 T I N Resina, D- Common Turpentine. (Pinus Silvestris, Scotch Fir. North of Europe. "> -) All these turpentines have properties in common, with something pe- culiar to each; the three former are used internally, the latter only externally. Comp- Resin, essential oil; the Canadian contains the largest propor- tion of oil. Prop. Odour penetrating; taste warm,, pungent, bitterish; colour pale yellow. The Canadian and Chian are thin, limpid, transpa- rent ; the other two thicker, viscid, and less transparent; soluble in ether and alcohol; combine with fixed oil; insoluble in water, but impart to it their flavour. Oper. Stimulant, diuretic, cathartic. Use- In chronic rheumatism gleet, leucorrhoea, nephritic affections, and mucous obstructions of the urinary organs. United with wa- ter by means of yolk of egg, they are given clysterwise in colic, obstinate costiveness, and to destroy ascarides- The latter kinds enter into the composition of plasters. Dose- 3j. to 3 j. in pills or bolus, united with powder of liquorice root; or emulsion, with mucilage or yolk of egg. Off. Prep. Olt um Terebinthina, D. TEST/E. L- Oyster Shells. (Ostrea Edulis, the Oyster, CI. Vermes. Ord. Testacea, L- Molusca, Acephala,Cvi\.) Comp. Carbonate of lime, and animal matter, the latter of which is destroyed when the shell is burnt, and pure lime remains. TESTA? PRA?PARATA?. L. Prepared Shells. (The shells are to be well cleaned with boiling water, and then treated as in tho preparation of chalk.) Ostrea Testarum Praparatum- Oper- Antacid, absorbent. Use. Chiefly in the acidities of infancy ; and during dentition. Dose- Gr- x. to 3 ij. TIGLII OLEUM- L. Oil of Tiglium. (CrotonTiglium, Monoecia Monadelphia, N. O. Tricocca, L. Euphorbia, J. Moluccas. ■".) An expressed oil- Prop. Colour pale brownish-yellow ; odour none; taste hot, biting, and extremely permanent. Oper- Drastic, purgative. Use. In apoplexy, obstinate costiveness, and whenever a quick and powerful action on the bowels is required. Dose. From ll'j. to fllv. made into pills with crumb of bread; or rubbed up with mucilage and svrup. TINCTURA ACETATIS FERRI. D. Tincture of Acetate of Iron. (Acetatis Kali 3ij-, Sulphatis Ferri 3j« Spir. Rectif- Oij. Rub the acetate and sulphate into a soft mass, -then dry it with a moderate heat, and afterwards triturate with the spirit. Digest in a well-corked phial for seven days, shaking occasionally. Pour off the clear liquor, after the feces have subsided.) A spiritoUB solu- tion of a mixed acetate. Prop. Taste extremely styptic. Oper. Tonic, astringent. Use- In dyspepsia, chlorosis, hysteria, and rachitis. Dose- fl\xx. to 4*3 j- in a glassful of water. TINCTURA ACETATIS FERRI CUM ALCOHOLE. D- Tinc- ture of Acetate of Iron with Alcohol. (Sulphatis Ferri, Acetatis T I >i 163 Kali, sing, j j-> Alcohol. Oij. Prepared in the same manner as the former.) Comp. Red oxide of iron, acetate of potass, alcohol. Prop., Use, ire. The same as the former preparation. TINCTURA ALOES- L. D- Tinctura Aloes Soccotrine, E. Tinc- ture of Aloes. (Aloes Spicata Extracti cont. 389-i Ext. Gly- cyrrkiza 3 JSB-, Aqua Oj-, Spir. Rect. f3iv. Macerate in a sand bath until the extracts are dissolved : then strain.) Oper. and Use. The same as of the Extract of Aloes. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 jss. TINCTURA ALOES iETHEREA. E- Ethereal Tincture of Aloes- (Gummi Res- Aloes Soccot. Gummi Res. Myrrha, sing. 3jss-i Croet Anglici con. 3j-i JEtheris Sulphurici cum Alcohole Ibj. Digest the Myrrh in the A?thereal Spirit for four days, then add the Aioes and Saffron, and digest four days more.) T- Aloes Vitri- olata- Oper- Stimulant, cathartic. 1st- In the same cases for which the other aloetic tinctures are used ; and spasms of the stomach. Dose- f 3j to t" 3 ij. TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITA. L. D- Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhe, E. Compound Tin aire of Aloes. (Aloes Spicuta Ext. cont., Croci Stigmatum sing. 5>U-i Tinct- Myrrha Oij- Digest fourteen days, and strain-) Oper- Purgative, stomachic, emmenagogue. Use- To open the bowels in languid cold habits; in chlorosis. Dose- f3j-tof3ij. TINCTURA ANGUSTUR/E. D. Tincture of Angustura. Cort- Angostura, in pulv. crass, redacti Jij-, Spir. Vmasi Tenuioris Oij Digest for seven days-) Oper and Use- The same as of the Bark ; see Cusparia Cortex. Dose. 3 i- to 3 ij. TINCTURA ASSA3FCETID/E. L. D. Tinctura Ferule AssefeEtide, E- Tincture of Assafoetida. (Assafatida \iv., Spir. Rectif-OYy Mad rate for fourteen days.) Oper. and Use. The same as of Assafoetida- Dose. IRx- to f 3 j. (It becomesturbid when mixed with water.) TINCTURA AURANTII. L. D. Tincture of Orange Peel. (Au- rantii Cort. recent. 3 iij., Spir- Rectif. Oij- Macerate for fourteen days-) A solution of the essential oil, with the hitter of the rind. Oper. Stomachic. Use. As an adjunct to bitter stomachic draughts. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 ij- or more- TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITA. L. D. T. Benzoini Com posita, E. Compound Tincture of Benzoin. (Benzoini 3>'j-, Styracis Balsami f 5 ij., Balsami Tolutani 3j-, Aloes Spic. Ext. 3ss., Spiritus Rect. Oij. Macerate for fourteen days.) Oper. Stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic. Use. In old asthmatic cases; chronic catarrh ; phthisis with a lan- guid circulation. It is applied to wounds and languid ulcers, which it stimulates gently, and covers from the action of the air- Dose- f 3 ss. to f 3 ij- rubbed up with yolk of egg, and any fluid. TINCTURA CALUMB/E. L- Tinct. Colombo?, E- Tinct. Colom- 164 TIN bo, D- Tincture of Calumba. (Calumba Rad-concisa 3'j8"-' Spir. Tenuior- Oij- Macerate for fourteen days.) Oper. and Use- The same as of the root; but more easily borne on the stomach than either the powder or the infusion. Dose- f 3ss. to f3iv- TINCTURA CAMPHOR/E COMPOSITA. L. Tinct. Opii Cam phorata, E. D. Compound Tincture of Camphor. (Camphora 3ij., Opji Duri cont., Acidi Benzoici,sing. Zy, Spir- Ten.Oij.) T. Opii Camphorata fly contains nearly gr. ij. of opium. Oper- Anodyne. Use- In catarrh, after the inflammatory symptoms are abated, to allay the tickling cough; chronic asthma ; pertussis ; and in cases where quiet, rather than sleep, is required- Dose, f 3 j. to 3 iij. at bed-time, using after it the inhaler; to children HI v. to fllxx- in almond mixture- TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. L- Tinct. Cantharidis Vesicatorie E- Tinct. Cantharidis, D. Tincture of the Spanish Fly. (Can- tharidum contus- 3 iij-, Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- Diuretic, stimulant, narcotic. Use- In gleet, hydrops ovarii, and Icucorrhrpa ; but it is chiefly used as au external application, united with Soap or Camphor Lini- ment, against rheumatic and other pains- We have found it a use- ful application in that peculiar species of mortification of the extre- mities vvmch sometimes takes place without any apparent cause: and to frost-bitten parts. Dose. Ifljt- to- f 3jj. TINCTURA CAPSICI. L. Tincture of Capsicum. (Capsici Bac- carum 3 j-, Spir- 'Ten- Oij.) Oper. Stimuiant. Use- In the low stage of typhus, cynanche maligna, and other dis- eases of debility. Dos^. f 3 ss. to f 3 ij. or more. TINCTURA CAPSICI ET CANTHARIDUM- U. S. Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and Cantharides. (Canthariduin contusarum 3x-, Capsici Zy, Alcoholis dilutiOy Digest for ten days and filter) Oper. Stimulant, and rubefacient Use- As an external application in chronic rheumatism, lumbago, and iither painful affections of the muscles unattended by fever. TINCTURA CARDAMOMI. L. D. Tinct. Amomi Repentis, E- Tincture of Cardamoms. (Cardam- Sem. contus* 5iij., Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper. and Use- The same as of the seeds. Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 iv. or more. TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA. L. D. Compound Tincture of Cardamoms. (Cardam. Sem., Carui Sem. Cocci- sing. contrit. 3 ij., Cinnam. Cort. cont. 3 iv., Uvarum Passarum, demtis acinis 3iv., Spir- Ten. Oij.) Oper. Stomachic, carminative. Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic infusions, and to juleps; a good corrective to griping, or cold purgatives. Dose, f 3 ij. to f 3iv. TINCTURA CASCARILL/E. L. D- Tincture of Cascarilla. (Cas- carilla Cort. contriti, 3iv-, Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- and Use. The same as of the bark. T I N 165 Dose- t'3 j. to f 3 iv. in any convenient vehicle. TINCTURA CASTOREI. L. E. T. Castorei Russici.----Canu- densis,D- Tincture of Castor. (Castoreicont. l'iy,Spir.Recti- ficatiOij. Macerate for seven days.) Oper Tonic, antispasmodic. Use. In the neurosis, hysteria, and spasmodic affections. Dose. u\\x- to f 3 ij• or more. TINCTURA CASTOREI COMPOSITA. E. Compound Tincture of Castor- (Custor- Russici triti %y, Gummi Res. Ferula Assa- fatida 3 ss-, Alcoholis Ammoniati Ibj.) Oper. Antispasmodic. Use- In hysteria; cramp of the stomach; and flatulent colic. Dose- f 3 j- to f 3 iv. TINCTURA CATECHU. L. D. Tinct. Mimose Catechu, E- Tincture of Catechu. (Catechu Extracti %iiy, Cinnam. Cort- contusi 3ij-i Spir. Ten. Oij- Macerate for fourteen days.) Oper. Astringent. Use. In chronic dysentery, and diarrhoea; leucorrhoea, and debili- ties. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 ij. in the chalk mixture, wine, or some bitter infu- sion. TINCTURA CINCHONA?. L. E. D. Tincture of Cinchona- (Cin- chona Lancifolia Cort- cont. J vij -, Spir- Ten. Oij.) Oper. and Use. The same as of the bark; but owing to the quantity required to be exhibited to produce the effect of cinchona, it is ge- nerally added to the infusion or decoction. Dose. fZy to f 3 iv. or more. TINCT. CINCHONA? AMMONIATA. L. Ammoniated Tincture of Bark. (Cinchona Lancifol- Cort. cont. 3'v-i Spiritus Ammo- nia Arom. Oij. Macerate for ten days.) Use- In dyspepsia combined with acidity and languor. Incomp. Acids ; acidulous, earthy, and metallic Baits. Dose, fllxxx- to f ^ iss- TINCTURA CINCHON/E COMPOSITA. L- D. Compound Tinc- ture of Cinchona. (Cinchona Lancifolia Cort. cont. 3'j-i ^«" rant. Cort. exsiccati 3 jss., Serpentaria Rad. cont. 3 iij., Croci Stigmat. Zy, Cocci, cont. 3ij-, Spir. Ten- f3xx.) Oper- and Use. The same as the former; but it is more grateful, and therefore more frequently used in dyspepsia. Dose, f 3 j- to f 3 iij. TINCTURA CINNAMOMI. L. D. Tinct. Lauri Cinnamomi, E- Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cinnamomi Cort. contusi 3 "j-, Spirit. Tenuioris Oij.) Oper. Astringent, stomachic. Use. As an adjunct to the chalk mixture, and astringent infusions : in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery; in dyspepsia, added to bitter in- fusions. Dose- t'3j. to f 3 iij- TINCTURA CINNAMOMI COMPOSITA. L. E. D. Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cinnam- Cort. cont. 3vj., Cardam. Sem. cont. 3 iij., Piperis Longi Fructus cont., Zingiberis Rad. con. sing. 3 ij., Spir Ten. Oij.) Oper. and Use. The same as the simple tincture ; but it is more cor- dial, and, therefore, more useful in languors and weakness. Dose, f Z j. to f 3 iij. 166 T I N TINCTURA CONII MACULATE E. Tincture of Hemlock (Conii Fol. sic. 3 ij-, Cardamomi Sem. contus- 3 iv., Spir. Ten- fUc.) Use- The same as the leaves. TINCTURA CROCI SATIVI- E. Tinctura Croci, D. Tincture of Saffron. (Croci Anglici con. ly,Alcoholisdilutif$x\. Di- gest seven days, and filter through paper.) Oper. Stimulant, diaphoretic- Use. As an adjunct to mixtures in typhoid fevers, and to camphor mixture in nervous languors. Dose, f 3j. to f 3 iij. TINCTURA DIGITALIS. L. D. Tinctura Digitalis Purpuree, E. Tincture of Foxglove. (Digitalis Fol. exsiccat. |iv., Spir. Ten. Oij") Oper. and Use. The same as of the leaves. It is, perhaps, the best form under which this powerful remedy can be used, and its virtues longest preserved. Dose. \f[x. gradually increased to fllxl. TINCTURA FERRI AMMONIATI. L. Tincture of Ammoniated Iron. (Ferri Ammoniati 3 'v-i Spir. Ten. Oj.) Oper. and Use. The same as of ammoniated iron. It is a convenient mode of exhibiting the remedy to children afflicted with rachitis and strumous tumours. It has also been applied externally to scirrhous tumours. Dose, f 3ss. tot"3 ij- TINCTURA FERRI MURIATIS. L. E. D. Tincture of Muriate of Iron- (Ferri Subcarbonatis Ibss-, Acidi Muriat.Oy, Spir. Rec- tificati Oiij. Add the acid to the subcarbonate in a glass vessel, and shake it during three days- If there be any feces, let them subside; then pour off the clear liquor, and add to it the spirit.) The Edin- burgh College orders the black oxyd. Comp. Muriate of iron, alcohol, water derived from the muriatic acid. Prop. Taste very austere, styptic; colour brownish-yellow. Oper- Tonic, antispasmodic. Use. Besides the cases for which salts of iron are usually employed, this tincture has been found serviceable in dysury, depending on spasmodic stricture of the urethra, in small doses, repeated every fifteen minutes, till nausea be induced. It is also applied as a styp- tic to bleeding vessels in cancerous and loose fungous sores. Dose. Hlxgraduttlis increased to f 3 j. TINCTURA GALBANI. D. Tincture of Galbanum. (Galbani min. concisi 3 ij-, Spir. Vin. Ten. Oij.) Oper. Stimulant, antispasmodic. Use. In hysteria, flatulent colic, and chronic asthma. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 iij. TINCTURA GALLARUM. E. D. Tincture of Galls. (Gallarum in pulv. trit. 3ij-, Spir. Vini Ten. 3 xvj.) Oper. Astringent. Use- In intestinal hemorrhages, obstinate protracted diarrhoea, and dysentery. Dose- f3 j. to f 3 iij. TINCTURA GENTIAN/E COMPOSITA. L- E. D. Compound Tincture of Gentian. (Gentiana Rad. concisa 3 ij., Aurant- Cort- exsiccali 5 j-» Cardam- Sem-contus. 3»»-, Spir. Ten. Oij-) t i n \s: Oper. Tonic, stomachic. Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic infusions. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 iij. TINCTURA GUAIACI. L. D. Tincture Guaiaci Officinalis, E. Tincture of Guaiacum. (Guaiaci Gum- Res. cont. Ibss., Spir. Rect. Oij.) Oper. Stimulant, sudorific, laxative. Use- In rheumatic and arthritic cases. Dose. fZy to f 3 iv. triturated with mucilage, or some viscid sub- stance, as water alone precipitates the guaiacum. TINCTURA GUAIACI AMMONIATA. L- E. D. Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. (Guiaci Gum- Resina cont. %i\., Spir. Ammonia Aromat- Ojss.) Oper. Stimulant, sudorific, antispasmodic Use- In chronic rheumatism, for which it is more particularly adapt- ed than the former preparation. Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 ij. in milk, or any viscid fluid. Incomp. Nitrous acid, spirit of nitric ether, oxymuriatic acid. TINCTURA HELLEBORI NIGRI. L. E. D. Tincture of Black Hellebore. (Hellebori Nigri Rad. concisa 3'v-> Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- Alterative, emmenagogue. Use. In uterine obstructions in full plethoric habits, where chalybeates would be hurtful; in cutaneous eruptions. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 j- in water, twice a dav. TINCTURA HUMULI. L. E. Tincture of Hops. (Humuli Slro- bilorum 3 v., .Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- Tonic, sedative. Use- in gout and rheumatism 1 Dose- f 3 ss. to f 3 iij- TINCTURA HYOSCIAMI. L- D. Tinctura Hyosciami Nigri, E. Tincture of Henbane- (Hyosciami Fol- exsiccat. 5 iv., Spir. Ten. Oij-) Oper. Narcotic, anodyne. Use. To produce sleep and quiet in those cases for which laudanum is used. It does not affect the head, or occasion costiveness. Dose. fUxvj. to f 3 ij. TINCTURA JALAPA?. L. D. Tinctura Convolvuli Jalape, E. Tincture of Jalap. (Jalapa Rad. cont. 3 v'ij-) Spir- Ten- Oij-) Oper- Cathartic. Use- As an adjunct to purgative draughts. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3iv. TINCTURA KINO. L. E. D. Tincture of Kino. (Kino contriti 3 iij., Spir. Ten-Oij.) Oper- Astringent. Use. In chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, fluor albus, and lientery. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 ij. It must be triturated with mucilage, in order to mix it with aqueous liquors. TINCTURA LOBELIA?. U S. Tincture of Indian Tobacco. (Lobelia 5ij--, Alcoholis diluti Oj. Digest for ten days, and filter.) Oper. Emetic, diuretic, expectorant. Use- A. thnia, croup, pertussis- Dose. For an emetic, f 3 j- to f 3 ij. for an adult; TTU- to flllxxx. for a child of five years; fllxx. to fllxl. for a child of three years; fllx. for a child under a year. 168 T I N TINCTURA MOSCHI- D. Tincture of Musk. (Moschi in pule. redacti 3 ij., Spir. Vini Rect. Oj.) Oper. and Use. The same as of Musk. Dose, f 3j. to f3iv. TINCTURA MYRRH/E. L.E.D. Tincture of Myrrh. (Myrrha contusa 3»v-i Spir. Rect. Oij.) Oper. Tonic, deobstruent, antiseptic, detergent. Use. In the same cases as the powder; but it is chiefly used externally, united to infusion of roses and acids, in gargles ; applied to foul ul- cers, and exfoliating bones; and as a wash for tiie mouth when the gums are spongy. Dose- f 3 ss. to f 3 j. TINCTURA MURIATIS FERRI CUM OXYDO RUBRO. D. Tincture of Muriate of Iron, with the Red Oxyd. (Oxydi Ferri Rubri Iy, Acidi Muriatici f%iv., Spir- Vin- Rect- o. s. Digest the oxyd with the acid for twenty-four hours; then boil for half an hour; evaporate the filtered liciuor to the thickness of syrup ; and add to it, when cold, the spirit: agitate frequently, till the spec. grav. of the tincture is 1050.) Oper. and Use- The same as of the former tincture of the muriate. It is altogether a superfluous preparation. Dose- fllx. to fllxl. or more- TINCTURA OPII. L. Tinctura Opii, sive Thebaica, E. D. Tinc- ture of Opium. (Opii dun contriti |ijss., Spir. Ten- Oij.) xix mi- nims contain one grain of opium. Oper. Anodyne. Use. To allay pain,' relax spasms, and procure sleep. Externally this tincture has a considerable effect when it is rubbed upon the skin, as we have seen in a case of repeated temporary lock-jaw, which always yielded to it. In fever it should be given when mois- ture begins to appear on the skin. Dose. fllx. to fllxl. or more. *** In tetanus, and other violent affections, the quantity of laudanum that can be borne by the constitution is almost incredible. Currie gave f 3 vss. in twenty-six hours : see Reports on Cold Water, &c. TINCTURA OPII AMMONIATA E. Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. (Acidi Benzoici, Croci Anglici concisi, sing. 3 iij., Opii 3 ij , Olei Vol. Pimpinella Anisi 3ss., Alcoholis Ammoniati 3 xvi.) f 3 j. contains gr. j. of opium Oper- Anodyne, antispasmodic. Use- In pertussis; and to allay the tickling cough in catarrh. Dose- f 3ss to 3 ij. TINCTURA QUASSLE. E. D. Tincture of Quassia. (Scob- Ligni Quassia 3j-, Spir. Vin. Ten. Oij. Oper. Tonic. Use. As an adjunct to stomacliic infusions: or taken, diluted with water, in dyspepsia, and other cases of debility. Dose. f3j.to f 3 ij. TINCTURA RHEI. L. D. Tinctura Rhei Palmati, E. Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhei Rad. conpisa 1'iy, Cardamomi Sem-contus. 3ss., Croci Stigmat. 3 ij., Spir. Ten. Oij. TINCTURA RHEI COMPOSITA. L. Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhei Rad. concisa %iy, Glycyrrhiza Rod- contusa 3 ss-, Zingiberis Rad. concisa, Croci Stig. sing. 3 ij-, Aqua f 3xij-, Spir. Ten. Oj.) T I N ttiH TINCTURA RHEI ET ALOES. E. Tincture of Rhubarb with Aloes. (Rad. Rhei Palmati con. 3 vij., Gum. Res. Aloes Socot. trita 3vj., Sem- Amomi Repentis cont. las-, Alcoholis diluti tbijss.) TINCTURA RHEI DULCiS- U. S. Sweet Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhei contus- §ij., Glycyrrh. contus-Anis. contus. aa jj-, Sac- char- 3U-i Alcohol, dilut. Oijss- Digest for ten days, and filter.) Oper- Cathartic, stomachic. Use. Dyspepsia, second stage of bowel complaint of children. Dose. To produce a4vtne evacuation f 3 ss- to f 3 ij., as a stomachic f 3 ij- to 1 3ss. , TINCTURA RHEI ET GENTIAN/E. E. Tincture of Rhubarb with Gentian. (Rad- Rhei Palmati an- 3>j-> ---- Gentiana Lutca con. 3BS-i Alcoholis diluti tbijss.) Oper. All these tinctures >>r rhubarb are stomachic or puigative, ac- cording to the dose ol them employed. Use. In dyspepsia, debility of the intestines, flatulent colic, diarrhoea ; and the costiveness of old peopie, or of cold phlegmatic .- ib.ts. Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 ij. as a stomachic ; f 3 iv. to t'3j- as a purgative- TINCTURA SANGUINARIA. U. S. Tincture of Blood-root. (Sanguinaria contusa 3'j-, Alcohol, dilut. Oj- Digest for ten days, and filter.) Oper. Tonic, expectorant, sudorific. Use. Li chronic diseases of the abdominal viscera, pneumonia ty- phoides, chronic catarrh, second stage of croup. Dose- fllx- to f 3 jss. according to circumstances. TINCTURA SAPONIS ET OPII. E. Tincture of Soap and Opium. (Made with the same ingredients us the soap liniment, with the addition of 3j- of opium.) Oper. Anodyne, rubefacient- Use. An excellent external application to chronic rheumatic pains ; and sprains and bruises, after the inflammation and tension have been abated by local bleeding and emollient fomentations. TINCTURA SCILLA?. L. E- I). Tincture of Squul. (ScUUb Rad. reccn. exsiccata 3 iv., Spir. Ttn. Oij.) Oper- and Use. The same as of the bulb-in substance. Dose. fllx. to f 3 j. in almond mixture, or mucilage- Off. Prep. Mel. Scilla, D. TINCTURA SENNA?. L. D. Tinctura Senne Composita, E. Tincture of Senna. (Senna Fol. 3 "j-, Carui Sem- con. 3 iij., Cardam. Sem. cont- Zy, Uvarum Pass-demtis acinis %iv-, Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- Stomachic, carminative, cathartic". Use- In flatulent colic ; and to open the bowels in those who labour under atonic gout, and wiiose bowels have been weakened by hard drinking. It -s a useful adjunct to the infusion of senna. Dose, f 3 ij- tof 3j. TINCTURA SERPENTARIA?. L. D. Tincture of Snako Root- (Serpentaria Rati. 3 iij-, Spir- Ten- Oij.) Oper. Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. Use. United with infusion of cinchona in typhoid and putrid fevers ; in gout; and periodic headach- Dose. f 3ss. to f 3ij- TINCTURA STRAMONII. U- S. Tincture of Thorn-apple- (Stra- 1 4 170 TOR mon. Sem. contus. 3 ij-, Alcohol, dilut. Oj. Digest for ten days, and filter.) For Prop-, Oper., Use. See Datura Stramonii, Herba. Dose. Begin with fllxv. to fllxx- and gradually increase to sensible TINCTURA TOLUIFER/E BALSAMI. E. Tincture of Balaam of Tolu. (Balsami Toluifera Bal. 3 J8S-, Alcoholis Ibj.) Oper. Supposed to be expectorant; corroborant. Use. Scarcely ever used except on account of its pleasant flavour. The following is an elegant form of giving the medicine in obsti- nate coughs, devoid of inflammatory symptoms. R Tincture bal- sami tolutani f 3 ij., mucilag. gummi acacie f3j-, aq. distillate f 3 ivss-, tinct. camph. comp. f 3 iij., syr. tolutani f 3 iij- Take two table-spoonsful occasionally, when the cough is troublesome- Dose, f 3 ss- to f 3 j. or more- Off. Prep. Syrup. Toluifera Balsami, E. Trochisci Glycyrrhiza cum Opio,E. TINCTURA VALERIANA?- L. D- Tincture of Valerian. Va- Itrtana Rad. 3iv-, Spir. Ten. Oij.) Opir. Stimulant, antispasmodic Use. In nervous and spasmodic affections; but it has less efficacy than the powder. Dose, f 3 ss. to f 3 ij. TINCTURA VALERIANA? AMMONIATA- L- D. Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. (Valeriana Rad. %iv., Spir. Ammonia Aromat. Oij.) Oper. and Use. The same as of the former; but, on account of the ammonia, this is more useful in hysteria. Dose, f 3 ss. to t'3 ij- in milk, or some bland fluid. TINCTURA VERATRI ALBI. E. Tincture of White Hellebore. (Rod. Veratri Albi cont. 3 viij., Alcoholis diluti Ibjss.) Oper. Emetic, cathartic ; in small doses alterative, deobstruent. Use- To excite vomiting in maniacal and apoplectic cases: it lias been used in cutaneous eruptions ; but it is a very unmanageable remedy, producing sometimes the most violent effects. Dose. fllv. to fllx. the dose being very gradually increased. TINCTURA VERATRI VIRIDIS. U. S. Tincture of Green He- lebore- (Veratri viridis contus- 3 "viij-, Alcohol dilut. Oijss. Di- gest for ten days, and filter.) For Prop-, Oper-, Use. See Veratrum Viride. Dose. u\xv. to f 3j. TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. L. D- Tincture of Ginger. (Zingi- beris Rad- concisi 3U-i Spir. Ten. Oij.) Oper- Stimulant, carminative- Use. In atonic gout, when it attacks the stomach; flatulencies; and as a corrigent to griping purgatives. Dose, f 3 j- to f 3 iij. TORMENTILLA? RADIX. L. E. D- Common Tormentil Root. (Icosand- Polygyn. N. O. Senticosa, L- Rosacea, J- Europe- 4-)' Tormentilla Officinalis- Prop. Odour slightly aromatic; taste austere, styptic ; roots knotty; externally blackish, internally reddish. Comp. Its active principle is tannin. Oper. Astringent. T'se. In the same cases as other astringents; but «e it does not in- crease the heat of the body, tormentil is preferred in phthisical diarrhoeas. Dose. Gr. x. to 3 j. of the powder; or f 3 ij. of the following decoc- tion. Bj Pulv. crass- rad. tormentilie 3j-i aq- pure Oj., decoque ad f 3 xij. ct cola. TOXICODENDRI FOLlA. L. E. Sumach Leaves. (RhusToxi- codendron, Poison Oak. Pentand. Trigyn. N. O. Dumrsa. L. Terebintacca, J. America. £ .) Prop. Inodorous; taste subacrid. Comp. Gallic acid, tannin, and an acrid matter. Oper. Stimulant and narcotic. Use. In paralytic affections and herpetic eruptions; but in the for- mer its efficacy is doubtful- Dose- Gr- ss. to gr. iv. twice or thrice a day. TRAGACANTHA. L. Gummi Tragacantha, D. Astragalus Tra gacantha, Gummi, E. Tr?gacanth. (Astralagus verus. Diadel- phia Decand. N. O. Papilionacea, or Leguminosa, L- Persia. Prop. Inodorous; nearly insipid, impressing only a very slight bitter taste as it dissolves; colour, whitish; semi-transparent; striated; in thin vermiform pieces; completely pulverulent in frosty weather only ; does not form a smooth, uniform mucilage with water. Oper- Demulcent- Use. Sural quantities held in the mouth, and swallowed very slowly, sheath the fauces and allay tickling cough; but it is chiefly used for pharmaceutical purposes. Dose. Gr. x. to ,3 j. Incomp. Cupri sulphas, plumbi acetas, and sulphas ferri, precipitate its mucilage. Ojf. Prep. Mucilago Astragali Tragacantha, E. D. Pulvis Tra- gacantha Comp.h. TROCHISCI CARBONATIS CALCIS. E. Troches of Carbonate of Lime. (Carbon, Calcis prap. %iv., Gummi Mimosa Nilot. 3j., Nucis Myrist. Moschata Zy, Sacch. Pur. 3 vj. Rub them together, and form them into, troches with water.) Oper. Antacid, absorbent. Use. Against acidity of the stomach ; cardialgia. Dose. Two, three, or more, occasionally. TROCHISCI GLYCYRRHiZ/E GLABRA?. E. Liquorice Troches. (Ex Glycyrrh. Glabra, Gummi Mimosa, Nilot. sing, partem unam, Sarch. Pur. partes duas- Dissolve in warm water,, strain ; evaporate by a gentle heat, and form into troches.) • Oper. Demulcent. Use- To allay tickling coug'i. Dose. Two, or more, occasionally. TROCHISCI GLYCYRRHIZ/E CUM OPIO. E. LiauoriceTroches with Opium. (Opii 3ij-. Tinct. Toluifera Bql- f3iv., Syr.Simp^ 3 viij., Ext. Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Aq. Calida Molliti, Gummi Mimosa Nilotiea in pulv- triti, sing- 3 v. First rub the opium with the tincture ; then add, by degrees, the syrup and extract; "af- terwards mix in the powdered gum arabic; lastly, dry them into a mass, and divide into troches, eiich weighing gr. x.) Oper- Demulcent, anodyne. Use- For allaying the irritation of the fauces producing cough; in protracted catarrhs. K V N V. Dose- One, allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth, now and then Six troches contain gr. j- of opium. TROCHISCI GUMMOSI. E. Gum Troches. (Gummi Mimosa Nilotica partes iv., Amyli partem y, Sacch- Pur. partes xij Make up the troches with rose water) Oper. Demuleent. Use- For allaying tickling cough. Dose. Two or more, ad libitum. TROCHISCI MAGNESIA?. U. S. Troches of Magnesia. (Mag nesia 3iv-j Sacchari $ij., Zingiberis in pulv- trit. Zy Rub them together, and with simple syrup form them into a mass, fit for making troches.) Oper. Antacid, laxative. *. JTse. Dyspepsia. Rose. From 3j. to 3 j. or more, daily. TROCHISCI NITRATIS POTASS/E. E- Nitre Troches. (Ni- tratis Potassa partem unam, Sacch. Puriss. partes iij. Form into troches with mucilage of tragacanth.; Oper- Refrigerant. Use. Tn slight inflammatory sore throat, and fever, diluting largely during their use. Dose- One or two occasionally. TUSSILAGO. L. D. Tussilago Farfara, Folium Flos, E- Colts- foot. (Syngenesia Superfl.ua, N. O- Composita Radiata, L. Corymbifera, J. Indigenous- 4-) Prop. Inodorous; taste sweetish, glutinous, subacrid. Oper- Demulcent, expectorant. cTse. In coughs, phthisis, other pulmonary complaints, and cutaneous diseases. Dose. 3ss.to 3j. in milk- It is more generally given in decoctions, made with a handful of the leaves, boiled in two pints of water te one pint; strained, and sweetened with syrup; the dose, a teacup- ful occasionally. ULMI CORTEX. L. D- Ulmus Campestris; Cortex Interior, B. The Inner Bark of Elm- (Pentand. Digynia. N- O- Hederaceg. L- Amcntacea, J. Europe. \ ■) Prop- Inodorous; taste bitter, austere, mucilaginous. Oper. Tonic, alterative, diuretic. • Use- In lepra, and other cutaneous affections; but it is generally combined with mercurials, as pilula submuriatis hydrargyri comp. to which the good effects are rather to be attributed. Bose. See Decoction. Ojf. Prep. Decoctum Ulmi, L- D. ULMUS. U. S. SHppery Elm. Ulmus Fulva. Liber. Tke inner bark. Substituted in the United States Pharmacopoeia for the Ulmus Cam- pestris- Off. Prep. Infus- Ulmi, U. S. UNGUENTUM ACIDI NITROSI- E. D. Ointment of Nitrous Acid. (Adipis Suis Scrofa Ibj., Acidi Nitrosi 3 vj. Melt the fat, and rub into it the acid gradually, until the mixture is cold.) Prop. Colour yellow, consistence* firm. It contains a small portion of adipocire, fixed oil, and nitric and acetic acids. Oper- Stimulant. Use. Applied to foul ulcers and herpetic eruptions. U. N G 1VA LNGUENTUM CER/E ALBA?- D. Ointment of White Wax.. (Cera Alba Ibj., Adipis Suilla Prapar- lbiv.) Oper- Emollient. Use. As a mild covering to excoriatious and benign ulcers. This is the basis of the majority of the compound ointments of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. UNGUENTUM CER/E FLAVA?- D- Ointment of Yellow Wax. This is prepared with the same proportions as the former, and is applicable to the same uses. UNGUENTUM CETACEI. L. Unguent. Spermatis Ceti, D. Oint ment of Spermaceti- (Cetacei 3 vj., Cera Alba 3 ij., Oliva Ola f 5 iij) Use. The ordinary dressing for blistered parts and excoriations. UNGUENTUM ELEMlsCOMPOSITUM. L. Unguentum Elemi,, D. Compound Ointment of Elemi. (Elemi Ibj., Terebinthina, vulgaris 3x., Sctii Prop. Ibij., Oliva Olei f |ij. Melt the elemi with the suet; remove it from the fire, and mix in the turpentine. and the oil; then strain the mixture through a linen cloth.) Oper. Stimulant, digestive. y Use. To keep open issues and setons; and as a dressing to ulcers which do not admit of the application of the adhesive straps. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. E. D. Ointment of Mercury. (Hydrargyri, Adipis Ovis Arietis, sing, partem unam, Adipij Suis jicrofa partes tres.) One drachm contains twelve grains of1 mercury. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI FORTIUS. L. Strong Mercu- rial Ointment. (Hydrarg. Pur. Ibij., Adipis Prap. %xxiiy, Sevf Prap. 3J0 3 ij-contain 3 j. of mercury. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI MITIUS. L. D. Milder Mercu rial Ointment. (Ung- Hydrarg. Fort. tt>j., Adipis Prap. Ibij.-) 3 vj. contain 3 j. of mercury Comp. These three ointments differ in the quantity only of their con- stituents, which are black oxide of mercury, metallic mercury, and fat; and, perhaps, in old ointments, some sebat of mercury. Mr. Donovan has proved, that as the efficacy of these ointments de- pends on the black oxide they contain, the best mode of preparing it would be by using the oxide instead of metallic mercury. By hi! mode of preparation, each 3j of ointment contains gr. 21 of oxide: Oper- Antisiphilitic, alterative, discutient. Use. In venereal affections, when it is wished to get speedily into the system a large portion of mercury without affecting the bowels; and where there are local affections, as bubo. The weaker oint- ments are chiefly used as topical dressings to venereal ulcers. Dose- 3 j. of the stronger ointment is introduoed by friction upon the inside of the thigh, or the fbre-arm, every night, till the system is affected; living upon a milk and gruel diet. 1TNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS- L- E. Ung. Super- nitratis Hydrargyri. D. Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. (Hn- drargyri Purif. 3j., Acidi Nitrici f^iy, Adipis Prap- |vj., Cera Alba 3'j-, Adipis Praparata 3yj. Add the oxyd, reduced to a fine powder, to the melted rat and oil-) Oper. Stimulant, escharotic. Use- To indolent foul ulcers; to inflamrrrations of the tunica con- junctiva, with a thickening of the inner membrane of the palpebre; and to specks of the cornea. UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS. L. Unguentum Infusi Meloes Vesicatorii, E. Ointment of Infusion of Spanish Flies. (Meloes Vesic. Resina Pini, Cera Flava, sing, partem unam, Resina Liquida Pini Laricis, Adipis Suis Scrofa, sing, partes duas ; Aq. Bull, partes iv. Macerate the ffies in the water for a night; press and strain strongly, and boil the liquor with the lard until the water be consumed; add the resin and wax; and when these are melted, take the ointment from the fire, and add the turpentine-) Oper. Stimulant, epispastic. Use. For keeping up a discharge from a blistered surface. UNGUENTUM GALLARUM. U. S. Ointment of Galls. (Gal- larum inpulv- trit. Zy, Adipis 3 vij. Mix the powdered galls with the lard previously melted.) Use. In hemorrhoidal affections, and in ill conditioned flabby ulcers. UNGUENTUM OXIDI PLUMBI ALBI. E. Unguentum Cerusse, sivc Subacetatis Plumbi, D. Ointment of White Oxyd of Lead. (Ung. Simplicis partes v., Oxidi Plumbi Albi partem y) Over. Cooling, desiccative. Use- Applied to excoriated surfaces and burns. UNGUENTUM OXIDI HYDRARGYRI CINEREI. E. Ointment of Gray Oxide of Mercury. (Oxidi Hydrargyri Cinerei partem unam, Adipis Suis Scrofa partes iij.) Oper. and Use. The same as of the mercurial ointment, but its effi- cacy is not sufficiently established- UNGUENTUM OXIDI ZINCI IMPURI. E. Unguentum Tutie, D. Ointment of Impure Oxide of Zinc. (Linimenti Simplicis partes v., Oxidi Zinci Impuri Prap.partem j-1 Oyer- Slightly astringent, absorbent. Use. In ophthalmia tarsi, and inflammation of the eye arising from weakness of the vessels. UNGUENTUM PICIS LIO.U1DA?. L- D. Tar Ointment. (Picis Liquida, Sevi Prap. sing. Ibj. Melt and strain through linen.) Oper. Stimulant, detergent. Use. Against tinea capitis, and other cutaneous, scabby, and foul eruptions. UNGUENTUM PICIS NIGRA. L. Ointment of Black Pitch. (R black pitch, yellow wax, yellow resin, of each 3ix., olive oil Oi. Melt the whole, and express it through a cloth.) • Oper. Stimulant, detergent. t se. In porrigo favosa, and other foul eruptions. UNGUENTUM PIPERIS NIGRI. D. Ointment of Black Pepper (Aelepis Suiila Prap- Ibj., Piperis Nigri in pulv. triti 3iv.) Oper. Stimulant, irritating. UNGUENTUM PULVERIS MELOES VESICATORIE E. Ung- Cantharidum, D. Ointment of the Powderof Spanish Flies- ( Us- guenti Resinosi partes vij., Pulv. Meloes Vesicatorii partem unam.) Prop. Drawing, irritant. Use. To keep open issues and perpetual blisters; but few habits caii support the irritation it induces. UNGUENTUM RESINOSUM. E. Unguentum Resine Albe, D. Resinous Ointment. (Adipis Suis Scrofa partes viij., ResiniPini partes v., Cera Flava partes ij.) Oper. Digestive, detergent. Use. For cleansing and incarnating old foul and indolent ulcers- Ojf. Prep. Unguentum Subacetatis Cupri, E. D- UNGUENTUM RESINA) NIGRA?. L. Black Resin Ointment- (Resina Nigra, Cera Flava, Resina Flava, sing. %ix., Oliva Olei Oj.) Ung. Basilicum Nigrum. Use. The same as the resinous ointment. Stimulant. UNGUENTUM SAMBUCI. L. D. Elder Ointment (Samlvuci Florum Ibij., Adipis Prap- Ibij.) Oper- Emollient. Use. As a covering to benign ulcers. UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX. E. D. Simple Ointment- (Olei Oliva Europaa partes v., Cer adipis Ibjss., misce. UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM. L- Compound Sulphur Ointment. (Sulphuris Submuriat- Ibss., Vcratri Rad. cont. 3ij., Potassa JVilratis Zy, Saponis Mollis Ibss-, Adipis Prap. Ibjss.) C per. and Use. The same as the former. It is njpre stimulant. UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM. U. S. Compound Sulphur Ointment. (Sulphur. ?j-i Sublimat. Hydrarg. Arnmo- nint- Acid. Benzoic aa 3 j., Limon. Ol. f 3 j., Acid. Sulphur, flllx-, Potass- Nitras. 3 i ■' , Adip- Ibss. Melt the lard, then add the other articles, conti,iaally stirring until the whole is told-) Use. Psora, herpetic eruptions generally UNGUENTUM. VERATRI. L. Unguentum Hellebori Albi, It- Ointment of White Hellebore. (Vcratri Rad- contrita z_iy, Adipis Praparata 3 viij., Limouis Olei fllxx.) Oper. Stimulant. Use. In scabies, and other cutaneous affections. UNGUENTUM VERATRI VIRIDIS. U. S. Ohtmcnt of Green Hellebore. (Vcratri viridis in pulveremtriti 3 ij-, Adipis 3 viij . Limonis Oici'Illxx- To the lard previously melted add the oil and powder.) Use. Psora, tinea capitis, cancerous and phagedenic ulcers- UNGUENTUM ZINCI. L. T":-;. Oxidi Zinci, E. D. Ointment. Oxyd of Zinc. (".•';>.•?»' Oxydi ~_y, Adipis Praparata) $vy) Oper. Astringent, stimulant- Use. In ophthalmia, acrid scabbv eruptions, and c::coriated nippies UVA? PASSA?. L-E- UvttPnsaeSoIeSiccate, D- Raisins. (Viti Vinifera, The Vine. Pentand. Monogyn. N. O. Scabrida, L- Vites, J. Temperate climates. ^>.) Prop- Inodorous; taste subacidulous, sweet, mucilaginous. Oper. Demulcent, nutritive. Use. As the food of the phthisical, and as an acidulous adjunct tn the beverages of the sick- UVA? URSI FOLIA. L. E- D- Leaves of Bears' Wortleberry- (Arbutus Uve Ursi, Red-berried Trailing Wortleberry. Decanel- Mono0 Prop. Nearly inodorous; taste styptic, bitterish; colour of the pow- der brownish, yellowish-green; yields its virtues to alcohol. Comp. Tannin, gallic acid, mucilage, resin, extractive, traces of lime. v Over. Tonic, astringent. Use. In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery; leucorrhoea and diabetes. It has been celebrated in calculous and nephritic complaints; but it appears to act in the same manner as other astringents, by merely allaying the pain and irritability of the bladder. Dose. Of the powder gr. xv. to f3 ss. VALERIANAE RADIX L. D. Valerian® Officinalis Radix, E. Wild Valerian Root. (Triand. Monotryn-'N. O. Aggregata, L- Dipsaeir.J. Europe. US ■ ^ V I N 1T7 Comp. An essential oil, extractive, resin, starch, mucus. Prop. Odour strong, fetid ; taste bitterish, subacrid, warm; consists of slender brownish fibres, matted together, and attached to one head : virtues extracted by water, alcohol, pure alkalies. Oper. Antispasmodic, tonic, emmenagogue. Use. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlorosis. Dose. Of the powder 3j. to 3j. threoor four times a day, increasing it as far as the stomach can bear it. Incomp. Salts of iron. Ojf. Prep. Extractum Valeriana, D- Infusum Valeriana, D- Tinctura Valeriana, L. D. Tinctura Valeriana Ammoniata, L D. VERATRI RADIX. L. D Helleborus Albus, Radix, D- White • Hellebore Root. (Polygam. Monoecia, N. O. Coronaria, L. Junci, J. North of Europe. ^ .) Comp. Veratrine, a peculiar alkaline principle; fecula ; wax. Prop. Inodorous: taste bitterish, acrid, nauseous; the powderisof a grayish-brown colour. Oper. Violently emetic; purgative, even when applied externally to an issue; errhine ; externally stimulant. Use. It is never given internally, unless in maniacal eases, in which it is not more useful than other strong purges ; and even its use to promote a discharge from the noae in apoplexy and lethargy re- quires great caution. For its external use, see Decoct, and Oint- ment. Dose- As an errhine, gr- iij. or gr. iv. snuffed at bed-time- Ojf. Prep. Decoctum Veratri, L. Tinctura Veratri Albi, E. Un- guentum Veratri, L- VERATRUM VIRIDE. U. S. American HeUebore. Radix. The root. For botanical characters, properties, and operation, see White Hel- lebore. Dose- Gr- ij. to gr- vj. (The white hellebore is believed to form the basis of tho eau medicinale of Husson. Mr- Moore's recipe for this celebrated new remedy is, Vin Vcratri three parts , Vin Opii one part. Dose f 3 88- to f 3 ij. The American hellebore is found to answer equallv well.) Off. Prep- Tinct-'Verat- Virid- U.S. Ung. Verat. Virid. U.S. VINUM. E. Spanish White Wine, or Sberry. 'Comp. All wines contain nearly the same components ; and one wine differs from another only in the relative quantities of them which it contains- These are alcohol; water; extractive matter, which precipitates with the tartar in old wines ; supertartrate of potass ; malic and tartarous acids ; a volatile oil, on which the flavour de- pends ; and colouring matter, derived from the husk. Prop. The odour of ahcrry is pleasant and aromatic ; taste slightly acidulous and warm, with the agreeable bitter of the peach kernel. The taste of port is austere and strong; claret is less austere, thin- ner, and higher-flavoured; of the white wines, Madeira is the strong- est, Malaga the sweetest, and Hock the most acid ; while Cham- pagne contains a larger quantity of loosely-combined carbonic acid gas- Oper. When good, and of a proper age, it is tonic, antispasmodic, and nutritive; when new, flatulent and purgative, sooner intoxi- cating, and instead of strengthening, producing debility. K 3 178 V I N Use. In the low and sinking stage of typhus fever the judicious exhi- bition of it fills the pulse, and restores its firmness, without increas- ing delirium; but it is hurtful if given w,;en the skin is very hot and dry. It is useful also in tetanus, chorea, and some other convulsive affections; and in most cases in which tonics ure indicated.. In the convalescences from all severe diseases it is the remedy on which we have most dependence. Dose. One glassful to Oiij- in twenty-four hours, according to the nature of the disease, the age, and the previous habits of the patient- Off. Prep. Vini Medicati, E- D. VINUM ALOES. L. D. Vinum Aloes Socotorine, E. Wine of Aloes. (Aloes Spicat-Ext- 1vnj.,Canella~Corticis jij-, Vini Ovj., Spiritus T-nuioris Oij. The aloes must be reduced to pow- der by means of pure white sand; and the canella also be pow- dered. Macerate fourteen days, shake often, and strain.) Oper- Purgative, stomachic, according to the dose. Use. In cold phlegmatic habits, in paralysis, and gout, to clear the bowels : in dyspepsia, and chlorosis. Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 M- to produce purging; f 3 j. to f 3 ij- as a stomachic. VINUM ANTIMONII TARTARIZATI. L- Vinum Tartratis Antimonii, E. Solution of Tartarized Antimony- (Antimonii Tart. 3j., Aq. Distillata Ferv. f • viij., Spiritus Rectificat- t\\y Dissolve the Tartarized Antimony in the water, and add the spirit.) f 3j- contains gr- ij- of Tartarized Antimony. Vinum Antimonii Tartarizati. Oper- Emetic in large doses; diaphoretic. Use- To produce vomiting in children: in febrile and inflammatory diseases after purging, to produce sweat without heating; contra- indicated in low fevers. Dose- f 3 iij. tof3j- in teaspoonsful every five minutes, produce full vomiting; fllxv-to f3j. every two or three hours, in any proper vehicle, excite diaphoresis. Incomp- Preparations of cinchona, and bitter and astringent vegeta- bles, &c. Vide Antimon- Tartarizatum. VINUM ANTIMONII TARTARIZATI. U. S. Wine of Tarta- rized Antimony. (Antimonii Tartarizati 3ij., Aq. distill. bvl- lient. f 3ij-, Vini f3 vj. Dissolve the tartarized antimony in the water; then add the wine.) Oper- Emetic; diaphoretic ; expectorant. Use- In hooping cough, and diseases of the chest and stomach in children. Dose. From fllxx. to f 3 ij. or f 3 iij.- f 3 j- contains gr. iv. of tarta- tarized antimony. VINUM COLCIUCi. L. Wine of Colchicum. ft Colchici Radi: cis rccentis concisa Ibj., Spir- Ten- f 3 iv., Aqua Distillata Oj. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain.) Comp. Veratrine, spirit, and water. Oper. Diuretic ; sedative : purgative. Use- In gout, rheumatism, and all inflammatory affections. Dose- From fllxxx. to f 3 j. in any mild fluid. "~ VINUM COLCHICI. U.S. Wine of Meadow Saffron. (Colchici rccentis 3iy-i Pitnif 3 viij. Digest for ten days, and filter-) Prop- and Oper. Vide Colchici radix. Use. In jrout, rheumatism, dropsies, and asthma. V I N 179 Dose. From f 3 ss. to f 3 ij- VINITM GENTIAN/E COMPOSITUM- E. Compound Wine of Gentian. (Rad Gentian.c Lutea ^ss-, Cort- Cinchona Off. 3j-, Cort- Siccata Fruct. Citri Aurantii 3 ij.,----Canella Alba Zy, Alcoholis diluti 3iv-i Fin* Albi Hispani tbijss.) Oper. Tonic, stomachic. Use. In dyspepsia, and debilities of the stomach. Dose, f 3 ij. to f 3 vj- twice or thrico a day. VINUM FERRI. L. D. Wine of Iron, ft iron 3j., supertartrate of potass in powder 3 vj., distilled water Oij-, or q. s., proof spirit f 3 xx. Rub the iron and supertartrate of potass together, and ex- pose it to the air, in a flat glass vessel moistened with a fluid ounce of water, for a tortnicli*, agitating every day with a spatula, and sprinkling it with water to keen it moist. Then dry it in a gentle heat, and mix it with f 3 xxx. of distilled water. Filter the fluid, and add to it the spirit. Comp- Tartrate of iron and potass, dissolved in water; as- the spirit is usually sufficient to preserve it. Oper. Tonic. Use. la chlorosis, and the relaxed habits of young females. Dose. fZ'y to f 3iv. twice or thrice a day- VINUM IPECACUANHA? L E. D. Wine of Ipecacuanha. (Ipe- cacuanha Rad. contusa 3 ij-, Vini Oij-) Oper. Emetic, diaphoretic- Use. A good emetic for infants, as it operates more mildly than the antinionial wine : in coughs, diarrhoea, and dysentery ; and hemor- rhages Dose. For the former intention f 3iv. to f 3 x. in divided doses ; for the latter fllx. to fllxxx. in some proper vehicle, every two or three hours. VINUM NICOTIANA? TABACI. E- Wine of Tobacco. (Folior- Nieotiana Tabaci 3j-, Vini Albi Hispani Ibj.) Oper. Narcotic, diuretic, antispasmodic. Use. In dropsical cases, colica pictonum, and ileus. Dose, fllxx. to fllxxx vj. twice a day. VINUM OPII. L. Wine of Opium. (Extracti Opii 3j., Cinnam. Cort. cont., Caryophyll. cont- sing. Zy, ViniOy) Oper. Narcotic, anodyne. UseT In the same cases for which tincture of opium is used; but it occasions loss disturbance of the brain and nervous system ; and is, therefore, better suited for very young pationts, nervous habits, and where the head is much affected. Dose. fllx. to f 3 j. VINUM RHEI PALMATI. E. Rhubarb Wine. (Rad. Rhei Pal- mati concisa 31J-, Corticis Canella Alba contusi 3j. Alcoholis diluti 3ij-, Vini Albi Hispani 3xv.) Oper. Laxative, stimulatit. Use- In weakness of the stomach and bowels; and in diarrhoea from viscid mucus. Dose, f 3iv. to 3jss- VINUM VERATRI. L. Wino of Hellebore. (Rod. Vcratri con. 5 viij., Spir. Ten- Oj., Aq. Dist. Ojss. Macerate for fourteen Use- In cutaneous affections; and in gout, combined with opium- Dose, f 3 sb. to f 3ij- 1H0 Z I N VIOLA? FLORES. D. Viola Odorata, Flos, E. Flowers of the Sweet Violet. (Pentand. Monogyn- N. O. Campdnac.ca, L. Cisti, J. Europe. 4-) Prop. Odour jileasant, peculiar; has scarcely any taste ; impart their colour to water. Oper. Slightly laxative. Use. In syrup; and united with castor oil or olive oil, to clear the bowels of infants when the meconium is retained. It is a delicate test of uncombined acids and alkalies- Dose- f 3 j. to f 3 ij. for infants. Ojf. Prep. Syrupus Viola, E. D. VIRGA AUREA; FLORES, FOLIA. D. Golden Rod ; the Flow ers and leaves. (Syngenesia Superflua, N. O. Composita Ra- diata, L. Corymbifera, J. Europe. 4-) Prop. Odour weak, aromatic; taste bitter, austere, warm. Oper. Astringent, tonic, diuretic. Use* In a weak state of the viscera- Dose. Gr. x. to 3j. WINTER A AROMATICA; Cortex. E. Winter's Bark- (Po- ly and. Tetragyn. N- O. Holoracca, L. Magellan, 'f.) Prop. Odour aromatic ; ta.-te warm, acrid, aromatic. Oper. Carminative, tonic Use- Ab an adjunct to stomachic infusions, in dyspepsia and scorbu- tus. XANTHORHIZA. U. S. Yellow Root. (Xanthorhiza Apiifolia, Pentand. Pologyn- N. O. Ranunculacea, J- North America, V.) Radix. The root. Comp. Contains resin and gum. Prop. Intensely bitter. Oper. One of the best bitter tonics. Dose- Of the powdered root 3ij. XANTHOXYLUM. U. S. Prickly Ash. (Xantboxylum Fraxi- neum, Pentand. Pentagyn. N. O. Dumose, L. Terebintaciis affi- nia, J. United States. ^>.) Cortex. TAe bark. Prop. Has an acrid, bitter, and slightly aromatic flavour. Water or alcohol extract its active properties. Oper. Considered to be analogous to mezereon and guaiacum. Use. Chronic rheumatism. Dose- Of the powder gr. x. to 3j. Of the decoction (Pulv. Xanlhoxyl. 1y,Aq. Oij. Boiled for fifteen minutes.) 3iv- '" 3vi'j- every three or four hours. ZEDOARIA; RADIX. D. Zedoary Root. (Amomum Zedoaria. Monand. Monogyn. N- O. Scitaminca, L- Drymyrrhiza, J- Ceylon. 4.) Prop. Odour fragrant; taste warm, bitterish, aromatic ; in wrinkled, gray, ash-coloured, heavy, firm, short pieces; of a brownish-red within- Oper. Stimulant, carminative. Use. In hysteria, and flatulent colics- Dose. 3j. to 3i. of the powder. ZINCUM. L. E. D. Zinc. (A metal obtained from calamine and blende ; its ores found in England and other parts.) Prop. Colour bluish white; lustre of a fresh surface considerable, but it is aoon dulled by the facility of its oxydation ; hard ; texture i-trjated; spec. grav. 7190; melts at 700° of Fah. ; burns with a Z I X 181 bright flame in a higher temperature, and is volatilized in the form of a white flocculent oxyd. Use. In pharmacy, to form the following preparations: ZINCI ACETAS. U.S. Acetate of Zinc. (Zinci sulphatis 3y in aque distillate f3x. soluti. Plumbi acetatis. 3iv. in aque distil- late f 3x. soluti. Mix the solutions, and a sulphate of lead will be precipitated. Decant the clear supernatant liquid, evaporate, and crystallize.) Prop. This preparation is thought to form a less irritating collyrium than the sulphate. ZINCI CARBONAS IMPURUS PRA?PARATUS. U. S. Pre pared Impure Carbonate of Zinc. Prepared Calamine. (Zinci carbonatis impuri, quantumvis. Burn and break it small; then let it be brought in the state of a very fine powder; in the same man- ner that carbonate of lime is prepared.) J'rop. Colour gray, taste insipid, and earthy. Use. As the basis of an ointment for dressing ulcere, and applied to the eyes in some cases of ophthalmia. It is a mild stimulant ap- plication. ZINCI OXYDUM. L. E. D. Oxyd of Zinc. (The zinc, in small pieces, is thrown, piece after piece, into a deep and large crucible, heated to whiteness ; and another inverted over it, to receive the oxyd as it forms; the crucible being placed so as to expose it to the air, and permit the zinc to be stirred frequently with an iron rod. The oxyd must be passed through a sieve, and well washed with distilled water.) Zincwn Calcinatum- Comp. Zinc 80, oxygen 20 parts, in 100 of oxyd.—Proust. I'rvp. Inodorous; insipid; of a snow-white colour ; insoluble in al- cohol or water ; entirely soluble in acids. "pir. Tonic, antispasmodic, externally detergent, exsiccative. Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic affections ; for its ex- ternal use, see Ung. Zinci- ^ Dose- Gr. j. to gr. vj. twice a day. Off- Prep- Unguentum Zinci, L. E. D. ZINCI SULPHAS. L. E. D. Sulphate of Zinc. (Zinci in frustula fracti 3iij-i Acidi Sulphurici pondcre 3 v., Aqua Oiv. Mix in a glass vessel; and when the effervescence is over, filter the solution through paper ; boil it away until a pellicle form on the surface ; and then crystallize.) A plate of zinc put into the solution purifies it from any iron, copper, or lead, it may contain. Zincum Vitrio- latum. Comp. Oxyd of Zinc 20, acid 40, water of crystallization 40 parts in 100 of the sulphate- Prop. Inodorous; taste styptic ; in white, semi-transparent, efflores- cent crystals, which are right rhombic prisms ; soluble in 3 parts of water at 60°; in less than its own weight of boiling water; insoluble in alcohol. Oper. Emetic, tonic, antispasmodic, externally astringent. Use. As it operates very quickly, it is used, combined with infusion of ipecacuanha, to empty the stomach in the commencement of the cold stage of tire intermittent paroxysm; and in other cases where immediate vomiting is required- As a tonic, it is useful in phthisis, dyspepsia, and nervous affections- Externally in collyria, in oph- thalmia, after the inflammatory action has subsided; in injections, 182 • ZIN in gonorrhoea; and as a lotion in external inflammations, and to stop inordinate discharges. Dose- Gr- x. to 3 ss. to produce vomiting: as a tonic, gr. j. to gr. u twice or thrice a day. Incomp. Alkalies, earths, hydro-sulphurets. astringent vegetable in- fusion, milk. £&T,T™£r,'r2ft?? Sulphatis Zinci, E. Solutio Acetatis Zinci, E. ZINGIBERIS RADIX L. E. D- Ginger Root. (Zingiber Offic, nale. Roseoc, Trans Linn- Soc. Movavd. Monogyn. N- O. -S«- taminosa, L. Drymyrrhiza, J. Ea.-.t Indies- 4.) Prop. Odour aromatic: taste warm, aromatic, acrid; in small wrinkled, grayish-white pieces; giving a pale-yellowish, feculent powder, when pulverized; yields its virtues to alcohol, and in a great degree to water. Oper. Carminative,stimulant, sialagogue. Use. In gout, flatulent colic, dyspepsia, and tympanitis ; as an ad- junct to griping purgatives; less heating than pepper. Dose. Gr- x to 3j.: an overdose is apt to induce spasmodic stric- ture. 2£^£*ep' sVruP'us Zingiberis, L- E. D- Tinct. Zingiberis, L. D. ZINGIBER; RADIX CONDITA. D.---Radix Condita ex India Allata, E. Preserved Ginger Root- A condiment possessing all the virtues of ginger ; and therefore a useful addition to cold summer fruits and vegetables, when eaten by those of gouty and dyspeptic habits-. CONSPECTUS OF MAGENDIE'S FORMULARY. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. Hydrocyanic or Prussic acid- Process. Hydrocyanic acid is obtained by digesting the crystallized deuto-cyanuiet of mercury in two-thirds of its weight of liquid, and slightly fuming hydrochloric acid in a tubulated retort, which communicates with a receiver containing fragments of chloruret of calcium and chalk, and which itself communicates with a much smaller receiver, destined to collect the product. These receivers must be surrounded by a mixture of ice and salt. After the deuto- cyanuret of mercury, and the acid, have been successively put into the retort, a slight heat is to be applied; a little ebullition soon suc- ceeds, arising in part from the evaporation of the prussic acid, which is formed, and is condensed in the first receiver with a little hydrochloric acid and water. When the quantity of water be- comes very sensible, the operation must be suspended, in order that the .product already obtained may be purified ; this is performed by isolating the first receiver from the retort, taking away the ice which surrounds it, and replacing the ice by water at 32 or 33 degrees (89-6 or 9L4 Fah.) Under these circumstances the hydro-cyanic ucid passes alone into the smaller receiver; for the water and the hydro- chloric acid which were at first volatilized with it, are now retained in the first receiver; the water by the chloruret of calcium, and the hydrochloric acid by the lime. Comp. Carbon, 44.39. nitrogen, 51.71. hydrogen, 3.90. Prop. Liquid, transparent and colourless at the ordinary tempera- ture ; emits the odour of peach blossoms or the bitter almond ; taste at first sweetish and cooling, then acrid and irritating, slightly reddens tincture of turnsol, volatile, boils at Sllu Fah., congeals at 3" Fah- sp- grav. at 64?. 0-6969-, its own evaporation will congeal a small quantity of it; is little soluble in water, very soluble in al- cohol, quickly decomposed by exposure to light and air; and under uny circumstances does not retain its properties unimpaired many days. Oper. Powerfully sedative and a most violent poison : even in doses of one or two drops it has instantly killed a vigorous dog by com- pletely destroying the irritability. Use. Lately introduced into medicine by M. Magendie, and highly vaunted by him and other practitioners, in nervous and chronic coughs, asthma, pertussis, and in the forming Btege of pulmonary consumption ; it is, indeed, equally applicable to all diseases of ex- cessive irritability. Liose. Magendie's medicinal prussic acid consists of Gay-Luesac's acid (process above) diluted with six times its volume or 8-5 times 184 B R U its weight of distilled water, of which the commencing dose is Tils; to dlij. Prop- MISTURA ACIDI HYDROCYANICI. Mixture of Prussic acid. (Acid, hydrocyan-medicinal. 3 j. (gr. 59 7, t.) Aq. distill. Ibj. (oz. 15. dr- 6. gr. 1, t.) Sacchar.pur- ?jss. (dr. 11. gr- 10, t.) Dose. f3ij night and morning, gradually increased from 3Jss- to 3 ij- in twenty-four hours. The mixture to be shaken each time. POTIO ACIDI HYDROCYANICI- Pectoral Potion- (Infus. haderce 3 ij- 'oz. ]. dr- 7- gr. 45, t.) Acid- prussic- medicinal, fllxv-, Syr- althaa 3j- (dr. 7. gr- 52, t.) Dose- f 3 ij. every nine hours, shaking the mixture each time- SYRUPUS ACIDI HYDROCVANICI Hydrocyanic Syrup. (Syr. opt- Ibj. (oz. 15. dr- 6- gr. 1, t-) Acid-prussic. medicinal. Zy .gr. 59.7, t.) Dose, f 3j. to f 3 ij. ATROPINA. Atropine. The medicinal and deleterious properties of the Atropa belladonna are thought to reside in this salifiable base. Process- Boil two pounds of the dried leaves of the Atropa bella- donna in a sufficient quantity of water, press out the decoction, and boil the leaves in another portion of water. Mix the decoctions, and add some sulphuric acid in order to throw down the albumen and similar substances. The solution is thus rendered thinner and more readily passes through the filter- The decoction is next su- per-saturated with potass; by which means a precipitate is obtain- ed, which is to be washed in pure water and dried- It consists of small crystals, from which atropine is obtained in a state of purity by solution in acids and precipitation by alkalies- Or, digest the decoction with magnesia, boil the precipitate in alcohol, and filter. The atropine crystallizes, on cooling, in needle3 or colourless trans- lucent and shining prisms. Prop. White, brilliant, and crystallizes in long needles, tasteless, al- most insoluble in water; much more soluble in hot than in cold al- cohol ; insoluble in ether and in oils. It forms, with acids, neutral crystallizable salts- Oper. The vapour of atropine produced, on Mr. Brande, violent headich, dilatation of the pupils, vertigo, pains in the hack, with con- stant nausea, so that he was obliged to desist from further experi- ments with it. Ho ouce tasted a small quantity of the sulphate of atropine which was not bitter, but merely Miine ; it soon produced violent heada-h, tremors of the limbs, alternate sensations of heat and cold, oppression of thechest, dyspnoea, and diminished circula- tion. Use..' Has never been used in medicine. *** Mr. Brande has also succeeded in extracting from the seeds of the Datura stramonium, and from the Ihioscytrotv., ni^-r, two alkaline principles of a similar nature to the above, to which he has given the names of DATURINA ami HYOSCYAMTXA. BRUCINA- Brucine. This salifiable base has been d-scovered in the bark of the Brucea antitlysenterica, the fal»e Ang-istura bark ; it has also been detected conjointly with strychnine in the nux vo- mica- Process- Brucine is extracted from the bark of false angustura by a process similar to that pointed out for the extraction of strychnine, with this difference, that in this cose the magnesian precipitate should be much less washed, because, the solubility of brucine ii. B M E 183 water is greater than that of strychnine. The brucine is afterwards obtained by evaporating the alcoholic liquors which have been used for treating the fnagnesian precipitate. It is, however, in a resinous form, on account of its not being yet sufficiently pure to crystal- lize. In order to purify it, it must be combined with oxalic acid, and the oxalate treated by a mixture of alcohol at 40° (.817,) and of ether at 60° (.742.) The,Colouring matter will thus be dissolved, and the oxalate of brucine remain under the form of a white powder. De- compose this oxalate by magnesia, and add alcohol to take up the brucine. By suffering the alcoholic solution to evaporate in the open uir, the brucine may be ob ained crystallized : if it be evapo- rated by the aid of heat, the-brucine will be obtained fused, but not less pure. Prop- Intensely bitter, but slightly eoluble in water, crystallizes in oblique, prisms with parullelogramical bases, fuses at about the heat of boiling water, and on cooling concretes like wax ; unites with acids, forming neutral salts ; placed in contact with concentrated ni- tric acid, it acquires a deep crimson colour, which warmth changes to yellow; when in this slate, a solution of the proto-hydrochlorate of tin poured on it produces a precipitate of a beautiful violet co- lour. Oper. Analogous to that of strychnine, only much less energetic, in the proportion of 12 to 1. Use. Might be advantageously substituted for the strychnine, as less likely than that most powerful agent of being attended with incon- veniences- Dose- Gr. ss- to gr- iij- in pills or in tincture. CINCHONIN A. See article Quinina et Cinchonina. DATURINA- See article Atropina. DELPHININA- Delphinine. This alkaline substance is found in the seeds of the Delphinium staphisagria, or 8tave6acre- Process. Boil a portion of the seeds of delphinium, cleared of their coverings, and reduced to a fine paste, in a little distilled water; pass the decoction through a linen cloth, and filtrate it. Add very pure magnesia, and boil for some minutes. Filtrate again; wash the residue carefully, and digest in highly rectified alcohol- On evaporating the alcoholic tincture, delphinine is obtained in the form of a white powder, which affords some points of crystallization. An easier method to obtain it in quantity is to submit the uncleaned grain, when well bruised, to the action of weak sulphuric acid. Precipitate the liquor by ammonia, and redissolve in alcohol the delphinine which is still slightly coloured To purify it, draw off the alcohol by distillation ; dissolve the residuum in hydrochloric acid, and boil it with magnesia. Alcohol will now dissolve the de- posit in a state of perfect purity. Prop. A white powder, crystalline while moist, but becomes opaque on exposure to the air ; bitter and acrid to the taste; scarcely solu- ble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether; the alcoholic solution , turns syrup of violets green ; united with the acids it forms soluble neutral salts, very bitter and acrid. Oper- A narcotic poison. About fivo grains kills a dog; more active still if dissolved in acetic acid. Never been used in medicine. EMETINA. Emetine. An immediate principle in which the emetic property of the ipecacuan-root resides. Irf6 E M E EMETINA NON PURIFICATA- Coloured Emetine. Process. Powder the ipecacuanha, and digest it in ether at 60 degrees" (.720) to dissolve the fatty odorous matter. When the powder yields nothing more to the ether, exhaust it again by means of al- cohol. Place the alcoholic tinctures in a water bath, and redis- solve the residue in cold water. It thus loses a portion of wax, and a little of the fatty matter which still remained. It is onjjt ne- cessary further to macerate it on carbonate of magnesia, by which it loses its gallic acid, to redissolve it in alcohol, and to evaporate it to dryness- Or digest ipecacuanha root first in ether, then in alcohol- Evapo- rate the alcoholic solution to dryness, redissolve in water, and drop in acetate of lead. Wash the precipitate, and then, diffusing it in water, decompose by a current of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Sul- phuret of lead falls to the bottom, and the emetine remains in so- lution. Prop. Appears in the form of transparent scales of a reddish brown colour; devoid of odour ; hitter and acrid to the taste; deliques- cent ; not changed by boiling water; soluble in water and alcohol, but not in ether; not crystallizable. Oper. Emetic. Overdosed it produces violent vomiting and purging followed by sleep, inflammations of the mucous membranes of the stomach, intestines and lungs; death. Use. When ipecacuan is indicated- Dose- From gr. i to gr. iv- Prep. MISTURA EMETINA? VOMITORIA- Emetic Mixture of Emetine. (Emctin. non purif. gr. iv. (3.28, t.) Infus- aurant- ' ten. 5 ij- (oz- L dr. 7. gr. 45, t.) Syr. aurant. 3ss. (ar- 3- 56, t.) Dose, t'3 ij. every half hour until vomiting is induced. PASTILLI EMETINA? VOMJTORU. Emetic Lozenges of Eme- tine- (Sacchar- 3ij-(oz. 1. dr. 7. gr. 45, t.) Emetin. non purif. gr. xxxij. (gr. 20.24, t.) form into lozenges gr. xviij. (gr. 14.76, t) each- Dose. For a child fasting one is sufficient: for an adult three or four- PASTILLI EMETINA? PECTORALIS. Pectoral Lozenges of Emetine. (Sacchnr. 3 iv- (oz. 3. dr. 7. gr. 30, t.) Emetin- non pu- rif. gr. xxxij. (gr. '2ti-24, t.) form into lozenges of gr. ix. (7.38, t.) each- Use. In ch. catarrh, hooping cough, ch. diarrhoea- Dose- One every one or two hours. i SYRUPUS EMETINA?. Syrup of Emetine. (Syr. Com. Ibj. (oz. 15. dr. 6, gr-1, t.) Emetin. non purif- gr. xvj. (gr. 13.12, t.) Use- A substitute for syrup of ipecacuan. Dose. 3 ss- to 3 j- EMETINA PURIFICATA. Pure Emetine. Process. To obtain pure emetine, it is necessary to substitute cal- cined magnesia for the carbonate, used in the former process; a sufficient quantity of this base being added to take up the free acid which exists in the liquor, and unite with that which is combined with the emetine. The emetine, thus isolated, and rendered less soluble, is precipi- | tatcd in combination with the excess of magnesia. This mague- j sian precipitate, after being washed by means of a little very cold j water, to separate the colouring matter, which is not combined with j the magnesia, must be carefully dried and digested in alcohol, which dissolves tho emetine. After the emetine has been separated from the alcohol by evaporation, it must be redissolved in a diluted , gen is; acid, and blanched by digestion with purified animal charcoal. It must then be procipitatcd by a salifiable base. Tho waters used to wash the magnesian precipitate still contain emetine, which may be separated by a second series of operations. Prop. Pure emetine is white, pulverulent, and unalterable by the air; although coloured emetine is deliquescent- It is scarcely soluble in water, but is very easily dissolved in ether and in alcohol- Its taste is slightly bitter. It restores the blue of turnsol when redden- ed by an acid. It is dissolved by all the acids, the acidity of which it diminishes, but without entirely destroying it., It resembles ve- ratrine, in forming evidently crystallizable saline combinations with acids. It may be precipitated from these combinations by the gall- nut, like the alkalies of the different species of cinchona. Oper. Similar to coloured emetine, only more energetic Dose. Gr- 1-16 to gr- ij. dissolved in diluted acetic oi sulphuric acid on account of its little solubility in water. Prep. HAUSTUS EMETINA? PURIEICATA? VOMITORIUS. Emetic Diaught of pure Emetine- (Infus.flor. tilia 3 iij- (oz. '-■ dr- 7. gr. 37, t.) Emetin-purif. solut. acid- nitric, q.s. gr-j. (0-82, t.) Syr. Altha- off. 5 j- (dr- 7- gr. 52- 56, t.) Dose- f 3 ij. every 15 minutes until it vomits. PASTILLI EMETINA? PURIFICATA?. Lozenges of pure Eme- tine. . (Sacchar. 3 iv- (oz. 3. dr. 7. gr. 30, t.) Emetin. purif. gr- viij. (gr 6. 56, t) form into lozenges of gr. ix. (7. 38, t.) each.) Dose and Use. The sumo as the pectoral lozenges of the coloured emetine. SYRUPUS EMETINA? PURIEICATA?. Syrup of pure Emetine- (Syr.com- Ibj- (oz- 15. dr. 6. gr. 1, t.) Emetin-pur.gr. iv- (3-28, t.) Dose, f 3 ij- to f 3 ss. GENTIANINA. Gentianine. The active principle of Gentiana lutea- Process. Digest powdered gentian in cold ether- A greenish yellow tincture is obtained at the end of forty-eight hours- If this tincture be filtrated, and the liquor sufficiently concentrated by exposure to neat in an open vessel, it forms, on cooling, a yellow crystalline mass, which possesses strongly the taste and odour of gentian. Digest this mass in alcohol until it ceases to give a lemon colour. Add the washings together, and expose them to a slight heat; the yel- low crystalline mass re-appears, which, towards the end of the eva- poration, becomes solid. This mass is very bitter. Re-digest in weak alcohol, and all will be redissolved, except a certain quantity of oily matter. This lost alcoholic solution, besides the bitter principle of tho gentian, contains its odorous matter, and also an acid substance- By evaporating this liquor to dryness, dissolving the matter in water, adding a little well-washed calcined magnesia to it, and by boiling and evaporation in a water bath, the greatest part of the odorous matter of the gentian may be driven off. The bitter acid is also taken up by the magnesia, and the yellow bitter principle remains partly free, and partly combined with the magnesia, to which it gives a fine yellow colour. The greater part of the bitter principle may then be obtained pure and isolated by boiling the magnesia in ether, and evaporating the solution- If ifrbe desirable to separate still more of the bitter principle \Chich the ether has failed to take from the magnesia, it may be done by digestion in enough oxalic K 4 I O D acid to make the liquor aciflulous. The acid unites with the mag- nesia, and the bitter principle, which is left free, may be obtained by the means indicated above. Prop. Gentianine is yellow, inodorous, and possesses very strongly the aromatic bitterness of gentian; more decidedly so, however, when it is dissolved in an acid. It is very soluble in ether and in alcohol, and may be separated from them by spontaneous evaporation in the form of very small, yellow, needle-like, crystals. It is much less soluble in cold water, which it renders, however, very bitter. Boiling water has more action on it. Its colour is much deepened by the diluted alkalies, which dissolve - rather more of it than water does. Acids weaken its yellow colour very notably. Its solutions in the sulphuric and phosphoric acids are even almost colourless. Those, with the other weaker acids, however, such us the acetic, are yel- lowish. Concentrated sulphuric acid carbonizes it, and destroys its bitterness- Gentianine, exposed ia a glass tube to the heat of boiling mercury, is partly decomposed and partly sublimed in the form of small yellow crystalline needles. Gentianine does not sensibly change the colour of turnsol, either when blue or when reddened by acids. It appears to be neutral. Oper. Appears to be void of any poisonous quality, and to possess the properties of gentian, only more concentrated. Dose- Gr. ij- to gr. iv. Prep. TINCTURA GENTIANIN/E. Tincture of Gentianine- (Alcohol, 24°. (.903.) 3 j. (dr. 7. gr. 52, t.) Gentianin. gr. v. (4. 1, t.) Dose. 3 ss. to 3 ij- SYRUPUS GENTIANINA?- Syrup of Gentianine. (Syr. com- Ibj. (oz. 15. dr. 6-gr- 1, t.) Gentianin. gr. xvj. (gr. 13.12, t.) Dose. 3 j. to 3 iij. HYOSCYAMINA. See article Atropina. IODINA. Iodine. A peculiar undecomposed substance obtained from the mother;waters of Kelp. Prop. Of a grayish-black colour and metallic lustre ; crystallizes in scales or rhomboidal plates, brilliant and resembling micaceous iron ore; fracture lamcllated ; soft and friable to the touch; acrid to the taste ; fuses at 338° Fah., and volatilizes at 347Q Fah., forming a beautiful violet coloured vapour; sp. gr. at 62A-9 is 4.948, soluble in 7000 parts of water; more soluble in ether and alcohol; incom- ' bustible: forms an acid (the hydriolic) with hydrogen, and also one , with oxygen- Oper. A violent stimulant of the nervous and sanguiferous systems ; in an overdose highly poisonous, producing inflammation of the mu- cous membrane of the alimentary canaL- Its long-continued use Iior sometimes produced alarming emaciation, nervous tremors &c. ' , Use- The tincture of iodine, or its acid, (the hydriolic,) combined with potass or soda, have been advantageously employed in the treatment of goitre, scrofula, scrofulous phthisis, and amenorrhoea, but should be employed with caution, and narrowly watched in in effects on the system. Dose. Gr.j.togr-iij. ' I U P I 1& Prep. TINCTURA I0DINA?. Tincture of Iodine. (Iodin. gr. xlviij. (39. 36, t.) Alcohol, at 35°. (842.) 3j. (dr- 7. gr. 52- 5, t.) This tincture in a few days deposits crystals, and, perhaps, forms a hydriodate by combining with the hydrogen of the alcohol: and should, accordingly, be made fresh every few days. Use. A good form of exhibiting iodine. Dose. Commence with fllx. thrice a day in sweetened water ; it may be progressively increased to fllxx. POTASS-iE ET SOD.cE HYDRIODATES. The hydriodate of potash, and the hydriodate of soda. Process- If a solution of soda or of potash be poured on iodine in its metallic state, an iodate and a hydriodate are formed, which may be separated by ineanB of alcohol, which only dissolves the latter of these salts. The hydriodate may then be obtained by evapora- tion- The hydriodates of soda and of potash may also be obtain- ed, like other neutral salts, by directly combining the acid with the oxide. Prop. The hydriodates of soda and of potash are deliquescent salts, and, therefore, very soluble in water- Their solutions are still ca- pable of dissolving iodine, thus forming an ioduretted hydriodate. Oper. and Use. The same as the tincture of iodine: thought by- some to be safer and more efficacious- LIttUOR POTASS/E HYDRIODATIS. Solution of the hydrio- date of potash. (Potass, hydriodat. gr. xxxvj. (gr. 29. 52, t.) Aq. distill. 3j- (dr- ?• gr- 52. 5, t.) This solution is still capable of dis- solving iodine, and it may thus be made to form an ioduretted hy- driodate of potash- Use and Dose. Both of these preparations, which may be given in the same quantity and manner as the tincture of iedine, are, like it, used for the cure of goitre and scrofula- In the latter malady, to- nics are usually given at the same time- UNGUENTUM POTASSA? HYDRIODATIS. Ointment of hy- driodate of potash. (Potass, hydriodat. 3ss- (gr. 29. 5, t.) Adep. suill. 3 ies- (dr. 11. gr. 48, t.) Use. Applied to goitre and to scrofulous tumours, by means of fric- tions, beginning with 3ss. night and morning, and increasing it gradually to 3 j. if necessary. Should it excite irritation in the part, it is to be allayed by emollient applications, leeching, &c. or some other part of the body where the skin is thin may be chosen for the application. LUPULIN A. Lupuline. This term has been improperly applied to the yellow granular matter, which covers the base of the scales of the hop-cones, and which contains the active material of the plant. It should be reserved for the immediate characteristic principle of this substance. For Prop., Oper., Dose. See Conspectus, artiolo Humulus Lupulus. MORPHINA. See Opium. NARCOTINA. See Opiun- NUX VOMICA. See Strychina- OPIUM. Late researches have shown, that the active properties of this article are contained in two alkaline substances ; morphine and narcotine- The former, which is the sedative or narcotic principle, exists in combination with a peculiar acid, (fAe meeonic,) forming ■4 meconiate of morphine; the latter, which has not as yet, we be- 190 L I U lieve, been employed in medicine in its isolated state, possesses the stimulating and exciting property of the drug-' MORPHINA. Morphine. M. Robiquet obtains this active material by the following process : He macerates three hundred parts of purr opium, for five days, in one thousand parts of pure wafer; adds to the filtered solution fifteen parts of perfectly pure magnesia, carefully avoiding the carbonate, and boils it for a quarter of an hour- He collects the grayish, and somewhat abundant deposit, on the filter, and washes it with cold water. When this precipitate is well dried, he treats it by weak alcohol for some time, at a tem- perature less than that of ebullition. By this means he separates very little morphine, and much colouring matter. He filtrates and washes the precipitate by means of a little cold alcohol; then strongly boils it in a large quantity of rectified alcohol; filtrates again whilst the liquor still boils, and he finds that the morphine separates as the liquor cools. The colouring matter is got rid of by repeated crystallization- Prop. Morphine is perfectly white, of a pearly lustre, without odour; intensely bitter; and crystallizes in four-sided rectangular prisms. It dissolves in 82 times its weight of boiling water, and the solu- tion, on cooling, deposits regular colourless transparent crystals. It is soluble in 36 times its weight of boiling alcohol, and in 42 times its weight of cold alcohol, of 0.92. It dissolves in 8 times its weight of sulphuric ether- All these solutions change the infusion of Brazil-wood to violet, and the tincture of rhubarb to brown. The saturated alcoholic and ethereous solutions, when rubbed on the skin, leave a red mark. Very soluble in olive oil- Oper. Morphine, uncombined with an acid, acts with very great en- ergy on the animal economy ; half grain doses, repeated three times, at half hour intervals,, produced violent vomitings, and alarming faintings. It is decidedly a poisonous narcotic, without the stimu- lant properties of opium; but as it is here deprived of its acid with which it is combined in the drug, and on which its peculiar action probably depends when used medicinally, it has generally been formed into an alkaline salt, with acetic, sulphuric, or hydrochloric acid. Dose- Gr. | to gr. \ in olive oil- MORPHINA? ACETAS. Acetate of Morphine. Process- " Take of morphine 4 parts; distilled water 8 parts; dilute the morphine in a porcelain vessel, afterwards add acetic acid s. g. 1.075, until turnsol paper becomes scarcely converted red: evapo- rate the solution to the consistence of syrup. Continue the evapo- ration slowly, either in the sun or in a stove; collect the salt, and reduce it to powder." Prop- Crystallizes in soft silky prisms; very soluble. Oper. Narcotic, sedative, without the stimulating and constipating property of opium. Dose- Gr-itogr. 1. in 24 hours, given in syrup, in spiritous or vi- nous tincture, or in pills. SYRUPUS MORPHINA? ACETATIS. Syrup of Acetate of Mor- phine. (Morphin- Acet. gr. iv. (gr. 3. 281, t.) Syrup, optim- &j. (oz-15. dr. 6- gr. 1, t.) Dose- t'3 ij. every three hours, to produce Bleep- UQUOR MORPHINA? ACETATIS. Solution of Acetate of N A It 191 Morphine- (Morphin. Acet. gr. xvj. (gr. 13. 12, t.) Aq. distill. _3vj. Acid. acet. dilut. 3ij.) Use. A substitute for laudanum, Rousseau's drop. Black drop Dose. Iflvj. to fflxxiv. GUTTA? ANODYNA?. Anodyne drop. (Morphin. acet. gr. xvj. (gr. 13.12, t.) Aq. distill. 3 j. (dr. 7.gr. 52. 5, t.) Acid. acet. flliij. vel flliv. Alcohol. 3j. (59, t.) Use and Dose. The same as the preceding. MORPHINA? SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphine- Process. Take sulphuric acid diluted with twice its bulk of distilled water, and add morphine to it until it no longer colours turnsol pa- per red. This solution made hot, and evaporated to a certain point, crystallizes, on cooling, in silky tufts. Prop. Crystallizes in prisms, and resembles the sulphate of quinine, but is distinguished from it by becoming red when treated with con- centrated nitric acid. Dissolves in twice its weight of distilled wa ter. Comp. Acid, 22. Morphine, 40. Water, 38- Oper., Use, Dose, and Mode of exhibition, the same as the acetate of Morphine. EXTRACTUM OPn NARCOTINA? PRIVATUM- Robiquet'a extract of opium deprived of narcotine. Process. Macerate opium in cold water, filter, and evaporate to the consistence of a thick syrup; then digest it in rectified ether, by fre- quent shakings, decant the ethereal tincture, and separate the ether by distillation, which will leave behind crystals of narcotine. This digesting of the opium on ether must be repeated as long as the dis- tillation of the ether indicates the presence of narcotine ; after which the opium syrup is to be evaporated to a pilulur consistence for use. Oper.t The same as the salts of morphine. Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. ij. LIQUOR MORPHINA? CITRATIS. Solution of Citrate of Mor- phine. Dr-Potter's sedative liquor. (Opii crud. opt. |iv. Acid. citric, (cryst.) 3 ij- Aq. distillat- bullient. Oj.) Mix intimately, macerate for 24 hours, and filter, for use- Dose. One drop is equal to about three of the ordinary tincture of opium- Til vij. vel fflviij. contain a grain of opium. NARCOTINA. Narcotine. The stimulating property of opium is supposed to reside in this alkaline principle. Process- In order to obtain Narcotine, according to the process of Sertuerner, opium must be exhausted by two parts of boiling ether; and this operation be repeated five successive times. The solution thus obtained must be mixed and filtered, and the ether volatilized, until the whole is reduced to three-fourths. A product is then ob- tained, formed of two distinct parts, viz. a saline crust, which consists of narcotine united with an acid, and a brown, bitter, and acid liquor, containing resin, narcotine, and an acid, probably the acetic. In order to olitoiii the narcotine from this liquor, it must bo subjected to evaporation ; the residuum treated with boiling wnter, which does not dissolve the resin, and the narcotine pre- ■ ipitated from the filtered liquor by ammonia. The narcotine is afterwards obtained from the saline crust, by depriving it first of the resin and caoutchouc, by means of rectified od of turpentine, washing the residuum with cold alcohol, dissolving it afterwards in I 1$J GIN hot, and precipitating the narcotine by ammonia. This precipitate. as well as the former, is then dissolved in the least quantity possible of hydrochloric acid, and again precipitated by ammonia- Prop Crystallizes from its alcoholic or ethereal solution in fine needles or rhomboidal prisms; exerts no action on vegetable co- lours, is without taste or smell, soluble in 100 parts of cold alcohol, and 24 parts of boiling alcohol; very soluble in hot ether. Oper- Analogous to that of camphor; produces stupor without sleep, convulsions, &c- From a half grain to a grain, dissolved in oil, kills a dog in 24 hours. Combined with acetic acid, it is not nearly so poisonous. Use- Never been employed in medicine. PICROTOXINA. Picrotoxine- The bitter and poisonous principle of the Cocculus Indicus, the fruit of the JMenispernmin Cocculus- Process. Boil the berries in water, and evaporate the solution to tho consistence of an extract; then digest it in the heat with l-20th of its weight of barytes, or pure magnesia: this compound is exhaust- ed with hot absolute alcohol, the alcoholic solution evaporated to dryness; the residuum redissolved in alcohol, and the solution di- gested with animal charcoal to deprive it of colour; it is next filter- ed, and slowly evaporated, and the picrotoxine is obtained, on cool- ing, crystallized in quadrilateral, white, and transparent prisms. For another process, see Ure's dictionary of Chem. article Picro- toxia. Prop- White, intensely bitter, crystallizes in four sided prisms, solu- ble in 25 times its weight of water, from which it is not precipitated by any known re-agent; very soluble in alcohol and ether, has al- kaline properties, and forms salts with most of the acids. Oper. Somewhat similar in its action on the animal economy to camphor, but much more energetic. Eight grains produced convulsions and death in a dog. The acetate does not appear to be so poisonous. Never been used medicinally. QUININA ET CINCHONINA. Quinine and Cinchonine. The medicinal properties of the cinchona are found to reside in these al- kaline substances. They exist simultaneously, united to a peculiar acid, (the kinic,) forming kinates, in the different species of Peruvian bark. In the pale or gray bark the cinchonine is most abundant; in the yellow, the quinine, whilst the red contains them both in nearly equal quantities. CINCHONINA. Cmchonine- Process. Boil the pale cinchona bark in alcohol until it loses all its bitterness ; evaporate to dryness in a water bath ; dissolve the alcoholic extract entirely in boiling water strongly acidulated with hydrochloric acid; add an excess of calcined- magnesia, which, after boiling some minutes, will fix all the red colouring matter, and make the liquid clear. When cold, filtrate and wash the magnesian precipitate with cold water; dry it on a stove; separate all the bitterness by repeated digestions in boiling alcohol; mix the alcoholic liquors, and the cinchonine will crystallize as the fluid cools. The cinchonine, which is thus ob- tained, still contains a green fatty matter, which may be separated by solution in a very weak acid. If the acid be too strong, it will dissolve a part of the fatty matter, and tho intended object wUl be thus defeated. Comp- Carbon, 80-20. nitrogen, 12. 85, hydrogen, 6. 85. Prop. Cinchonine is white, translucent, crystallizable in needles, au4 U Li I 193 soluble only in 'iOO parts of cold water. The latter circumstance occasions its trifling sapidity. If it be dissolved in alcohol, or rather in an acid, its flavour is a powerful bitter, which exactly resembles that of the gray bark. Cini'hor.ine is only dissolved in very small quantity by the fixed oils, the vol.- *ile oils, and sulphuric ether: it forms more or less soluble salt.; -<- ith acids- Cinchonine is volati- lized at. a certain temperature : the largest portion of the substance, it is true, is destroyed during the operation, but still a sensible por- tion escapes the decomposing action of the caloric. Use. Where cinchona is indicated- The sulphate and acetate are chiefly used in medicine. These salts are formed by mixing cin- chonine in a solution of their respective acids, and crystallizing by evaporation. The sulphate of cinchonine is very soluble in water; the acetate much less so, but an excess of acid dissolves it readily. Dose. Of either of these salts from gr- j. to gr. x. or even to 3j. in 24 hours. Prop. SYRUPUS CINCHONINA?. Syrup of Cinchonine. (Syr. Com- Ibj. (oz. 15. dr- 6- gr. j, t.) Sulphat. cinchon. gr. xlviij. (gr. 39.36, t.) Dose, f 3 j. to f 3 ij. VINUM CINCHONINA?. Wine of Cinchonine. (Vin. Hispan. Ibij- (oz. 31. 104, t.) Sulphat. cinchonin. gr- xviij. (gr. 14. 76, t.) Dose. 3 'v- to 3 xxiv. in 24 hours. TINCTURA CINCHONINiE. Tincture of Cinchonine. (Sulphat. cinchonin. gr. ix. (gr.7. 383, t.) Alcohol. 34°. (847.) 3j- (dr.'7- gr. 52."5, tO Dose, f 3 ij- to f 3 vj. QUININA- Quinine. Process. Obtained from the yellow bark by the same process as given above for obtaining cinchonine. Comp. Carbon 73.80. nitrogen 13. hydrogen 7.65. oxygen 5.55. Prop. Quinine is white and incrystallizable ; it is as little soluble in water as cinchonine ; it is much more bitter, however, to the taste- Its salts also are in general more bitter; they are distinguished by a pearly aspect. Quinine is very soluble in ether, while cinchonine is very little so. This difference not only serves to distinguish these bases, but also to separate them when united- Oper- One of the purest and best tonics, without the disadvantages of the extraneous matter of Peruvian bark. Use. Where tonics are indicated. The sulphate is generally em- ployed ; sometimes the acetate, and more rarely the simple qui- nine. Dose. Gr- v. to gr. x. (iUININA? SULPHAS. Sulphate of Quinine- M. Henry the vounger has lately made known an expeditious and cheap process for obtaining directly the sulphate of quinine. He digests, repeat- edly, in hot water, acidulated by sulphuric acid (6 or 8 grammes [gr. 92-66 or gr- 123-55 troy] to each kilogramme [oz. 32-17 troy] of distilled water.) He blancnoa tbe liquors by means of hot lime, and washes tbe precipitate to separate the excess of lime. He re- peatedly digests this precipitate, when well drained, in alcohol at 36° (-837.) He then obtains, by distillation, a brown viscid mat- ter, which becomes brittle when cold, and is very bitter. He di- gests it in hot water, acidulated by sulphuric acid, and the liquor, when cold, gives perfect crystals of pure sulphate of quinine. He has not succeeded so well in extracting the sulphate of cinchonine from the gray bark, by this mode of preparation. 194 S T R Tbe sulphate of quinine obtained in this way, is in the form of white crystals, which are entirely soluble in water; little so, however, in cold, but more so in boiling, and especially in weakly acidulated water. Use- This is the preparation most commonly employed. Dose. Gr-j. to gr. x in 24 hours. QUININA? SUPERSULPHAS. Supersulphate of Quinine. M. Robiquet, by proceeding somewhat differently, l,as obtained a sul- phate, the characters of which are not the same as those of the preceding. His sulphate is in solid transparent prisms, of a flatten- ed quadrangular form, well terminated, and soluble even in the cold. M. Robiquet found, by comparative trials, that this difference prises from the prismatic sulphate being acid and the other alkaline- He is certain of the stability of these characteristics; for the salts preserve them without alteration after sever™! crystallizations, al- though the subsulphate lost each time a Email portion of its acid. M. Robiquet found, besides, that he constantly obtained the acid sulphate, only when, in digesting the quinine in water, he could not succeed in dissolving it without a slight excess of acid; whilst, if he made use of alcohol, as the. quinine is soluble in that fluid, it Is more workmanlike to add only the quantity of acid which is ne- cessary for saturation. At present the neutral sulphate has been obtained only in solution. QUININA? ACETAS. Acetate of Quinine. Prop. The characteristic of'this salt is the great facility with which it crystallizes; it is sparingly soluble in the cold, even with an ex- cess of acid- It thickens in a mass when expo.-ed to cold- / Oper. Use , and Dose. The same as the sulphate- SYRUPUS QUINKt/E- Syrup of Quinine. (Syr. com. Ibij. (oz. 31- dr. 4- gr. 2, t.) Sulphat- Quinin- gr. lxiv. (gr. 5-48, t.) Dose. f 3»s. to *ij- VINUM QUININA?. Wine of Quinine. (Vin- Hispan. Ibij. (oz. 31104, t.) Sulphat. Quinin. gr. xij. (gr. 9.84, t.) Dose- jiv. to 3 xxiv. in 24 hours. TINCTURA QUININA?. Tincture of Quinine. (Sulphat. Qui nin. gr.vj. (gr. 4.92, t.) Alcohol. 34°. (-847.) jj. (dr. 7.gr. 52.5, t.) 7.)ose. f 3 ij. to f 3 vj. STRYCHINA- Strychnine. The active principle of Strycinos mix vomica, and the Strychnos Ignatia- Process- Add a solution of liquid subacetate of lead to a solution of alcoholic extract of the mix vomica in water, until no more preci- pitate be thrown down; the foreign matters being thus separated, the strychnine remains in solution with a portion of colouring mat- ter, and sometimes an excess of acetate of lead- Separate the lead by sulphuretted hydrogen ; filtrate it, and boil with magnesia, which will unite with the acetic acid, and precipitate the strychnine. Wash the precipitate in cold water; redissolve it in alcohol, to ser paratc the excess of magnesia; and by evaporating the alcohol. the strychnine is obtained in a state of purity. If it be still not per- fectly white, it must be redissolved in acetic or hydrochloric acid, and re-precipitated by means of magnesia. To obtain it entirely freed from bruccine, with which it is combined in the nut, it must be crystallized from an alcoholic solution to . which a small quantity of water is added. M- Henry's process- Boil the nux vomica in water, an.d evaporate SOL 195 ihe decoction until it has the consistence of syrup; lime is then •added, which unites with the acid, and sets the strychnine at liber- ty ; by means of alcohol it may then be separated from the lime. The strychnine contained in the alcohol is subsequently obtained by evaporation ; and is rendered more pure by being redissolved in alcohol, and again submitted to crystallization. Comp. Oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. Prop. Colour white, crystallizes in very small four sided prisms, ter- minated by four sided low pyramids ; taste bitter ; no odour ; not altered by exposure to the air ; soluble in 2500 parts of boiling wa- ter, and in 6000 parts of cold water; forms neutral salts with acids. Oper. Similar to the alcoholic extract of nux vomica, only much more active. Dose- Gr- 1-12 to gT. J in pill or tincture. Prop. PILULA? STRYCHNINA?- Pills of Strychnine. (Strych- nin, gr. ij. (gr. i. 64, t.) Conscr. rosar. 3 ss. (gr. 29.5, t.) divide into pills xxiv.) Dose. One or two. TINCTURA STRYCHNINA?. Tincture of Strychnine. (Alcohol. 36°. (.837.) 3 j. (dr. 7. gr. 52.56, t.) Strychnin, gr. iij. (gr. 2. 46, t.) Dose- fllvj.to ITlxxiv. in any drink. MISTURA STRYCHNINA?. Mixture of Strychnine. (Aq. distill. VJ' i°-Z' /;,di' "' gX' 45' t-) StrVch'n>^ gr- j- (0- 82, t.) SoccAar- alb. S ij. (118, t.) Dose, f 3 ij. morning and night. EXTRACTUM NUC1S VOMICA? RESINOSUM. Alcoholic extract of nux vomica. Process. Take a determinate quantity of rasped nux vomica, exhaust it by repeated macerations in alcohol of 40". (.817.) and evaporate it slowly to the consistence of an ex- tract. From weaker alcohol the product is less active. In order to make it a dry extract, re-dissolve it in water, filter, and>vaporate it on evaporating dishes as in making the dry extract of cinchona. Oper. A powerful exciter of the nervous system; when pushed to produce evident effects, it excites tremors and tetanic convulsions; overdosed it is highly poisonous. Use. Chiefly employed in paralysis, both partial and general; also in diseases of general and local debility. Dose- Gr. ss. to gr. v. In order to produce the slow effects of the re- medy, a grain or a grain and a half a day is generally sufficient; but for its sensible effects the pntient is to take half grain or graiii .doses, frequently, increasing the dose gradually until the desired ef- fect is produced. In this way patients have taken to the extent of 20 grains in 24 hours ; but 4 or 5 generally suffice. TINCTURA NUCIS VOMIC/E. Tincture of Nux Vomica. (Al- cohol. 36°. (.837.) 7j. (dr. 7. gr- 52- 56, t.) Extract, nuc. vomic. res- sic gr. iij. (gr. 2. 46, t.) Dose. fllv. to fllxxx. SOLANINA. Solanine. An alkali discovered in the berries of the solanum nigrum, where it exists in the state of a malate, and in the leaves of the solanum dulcamara- Process. Digest the filtered juice of the berries of nightshade in am- monia ; a grayish precipitate is formed, which, when washed on a filter, and digested in boiling alcohol, gives, by evaporation, the sa- lifiable base in n state of sufficient purity, if perfectly ripe berries have been operated on; but if the berries have been green,tiie so* 1/3 196 V E R lanine is mixed with a certain quantity of the colouring principle of green plants, which cannot be separated without much difficulty. Prop. A white opaque pearly powder; inodorous; taste slightly bit- ter and nauseous ; soluble in 8000 parts of hot water ; a little solu- ble in alcohol; its alkaline property slightly manifested on turme- ric ; readily unites with acids, forming uncrystallizable salts of a gummy transparent mass easily pulverized. The acetate only has been °i /■ n to the human subject. Oper. Emetic; narcotic. Use- Never been employed medicinally. A substitute for nightshade and bitter-sweet. Dose. Undetermined. Gr- $ produced nausea, without vomiting or sleep. VERATRINA. Veratrine- An immediate alkaline principle found to exist in the seeds of the veratrum sabadilla, and in tbe root of veratrum album, and of colchicum autumnale. It is presumed to be united in these vegetables with gallic acid, forming a gallate. Process. Pelletier and Caventou direct the seeds of the veratrum sa- badilla to be repeatedly digested in boiling alcohol. These tinc- tures, filtrated whilst almost boiling, deposited, on cooling, whitish flakes of wax. They re-digested the matter which remained dis- solved, after evaporating it to the consistence of an extract, in cold water ; a small quantity of fatty matter now remained on the filter. The solution was slowly evaporated, and it formed an orange yel- low precipitate, which possessed the characteristics of the colour- ing matter found in almost all the woody vegetables. On adding a solution of acetate of lead to the liquor, which was still deeply coloured, a new and very abundant yellow precipitate was imme- diately formed, which was separated by means of the filter. The liquor, now nearly colourless, still contained, amongst other sub- stances, the acetate of lead, which had been added in excess: a cur- rent of hydrosulphuric acid was used to separate the lead. Tho liquor was then filtrated and concentrated by evaporation, treated by magnesia, and again filtrated. The magnesian precipitate was digested in boiling alcohol. The alcoholic liquors yielded, on eva- poration, a pulverulent substance, which was extremely acrid, and possessed all the properties of the alkalies. Thissubstance was at first yellowish ; but, by solutions in alcohol, and subsequent preci- pitations, caused by pouring water into the alcoholic solutions, it was obtained in the form of a very white and perfectly inodorous powder. M. Meissner, who discovered the veratrine nearly at the same time as MM. Pelletier and Caventou, recommends the seeds of the saba- dilla to be treated with absolute alcohol, the alcoholic infusion evaporated, the residuum treated with water, the liquor filtered, and the veratrine to be precipitated by the carbonate of potass: it then only remains to wash the precipitate with water. Prop- It is a white pulverulent substance, without odour ; acrid but not bitter; very little soluble in cold water, soluble in 1000 parts of boiling water, very soluble in ether, still more so in alcohol, insolu- ble in the alkalies, soluble in all the vegetable acids; saturates all the acids, forming with them uncrystallizable salts, resembling gum ; it fuses at 122° Fah., and then appears like wax. The ace- tate of veratrine is the most active preparation, and the only oti» heretofore used in medicine. V L R 197 Ope?- Similar to hellebore, only much more energetic; in small doses an active purgative; in larger doses a violent emetic; and if pushed further, it induces inflammation of the alimentary canal, tetanic convulsions, and death. Use. Where it is important to produce speedy and full alvine evacua- tions. Dose. Gr. f to gr. ss. Has been given to the extent of two grains in 24 hours. APPENDIX. No. I- OF POISONS. POISONS are substances, of an animal, a vegetable, or a mineral na- ture, which produce effects deleterious to the animal economy when they are taken into the stomach in certain doses ; and, in some in- stances, even when they are applied to the surface of the body. Many poisonous substances, however, are daily employed as me- dicines ; and with the best results, when they are administered in proper doses, and with due precaution. Writers who professedly treat of poisons, have arranged the sub- stances which they regard as such, according to their effects on the animal economy; but as the following memoranda are intended merely as references, from which the practitioner may refresh his memory when his assistance is suddenly required in cases of poison- ing, the author conceives the alphabetical arrangement will be the most useful, and has, consequently adopted it. A similar reason has also induced him to place the English name as the title of each article.* ACONITUM; see Monkshood. ACETATE OF LEAD ; see under Superacetate of Lead. AGARIC; see Fungi. AMMONIA; (Liquor Ammonia.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. Excoriations of the mouth and fauces; sensation of burn- ing in the throat, chest, and stomach; followed by vomiting and purging, the ejected matter being mixed with blood. When the dose is large, the immediate feeling is that of strangulation, attend- ed with convulsions and high delirium. If the result be fatal, it very quickly follows the administration of the poison. Morbid Appearances. Marks of strong inflammatory action in the oesophagus and cardiac portion of the stomach- Tests. The aqueous solution of ammonia is readily recognized, es- pecially when heated, by its pungent odour, and changing the ve- getable blues and reds to green ; by not changing the transparency of a solution of nitrate of silver; and by a blue colour being pro- duced when a piece of copper is immersed in it; or on the addition of a dilute solution of any of the salts of copper. * Many poisonous substances are purposely not noticed, because they are not likely to be. einploved as such ;/»nd, consequently, do not demand general attention. - ippatdi*.} A M M----ARs - 190, Treatment. The immediate exhibition of vinegar, lemon juice, or solution of citric acid ; and afterwards of milk, mucilages, and demulcent fluids; bleeding, if symptoms of intestinal inflammation supervene. V* These instructions apply equally to cases of poisoning by Subcar- bonate of Ammonia, and by Hartshorn. AMMONIATED COPPER ; (Cuprum Ammoniatum.) A corrosive metallic poison. Symptoms and Morbid Appearances nearly the same as those pro- duced by the other salts of copper. See Verdigris. Test. This poison is readily known by its beautiful blue colour, and ammoniacal odour. When mixed in fluids which partially decom- pose it, as, for instance, coffee, port wine, or malt liquors, it may be detected by adding to the suspected fluid a few drops of a spi- ritous solution of guaiac. If the vehicle be coffee, and a salt of cop- per be present, it will instantly produce a beautiful deep greenish blue precipitate. If the vehicle be port wine, the colour evolved by theUneturo of guaiac will be nearly an indigo blue, with a slight shade of green; and if beer, that of verditer. Treatment. Sugar in the solid state, and also in solution, (in coffee, if it can be obtained,*) should be freely exhibited; and vomiting excited by drinking large quantities of mucilaginous fluids, if the poison have been very recently taken ; but if it have already passed into the bowels, give castor oil in coffee, combined with opiates and other narcotics; bleed both generally and locally; and employ the . »™r.wbath and fomentations, with emollient clysters. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM: see Tartrate of Antimony and Potass. " ARGENTI NITRAS; see Nitrate of Silver. ARSENIC-WHITE OXYD OF ARSENIC, (Oxydum Arsenici.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. Metallic, austere taste; constant spitting of saliva devoid of the mercurial foetor; constriction of the pharynx and oesopha- gus; nausea and vomiting, sometimes of a brown matter, which is occasionally mixed with blood; fainting, with excessive thirst- a sensation of great heat at the throat and the pracordia; and se- vere pain in the stomach, which is generally so irritable as to reject the mildest fluids; gripings, purging, and tenesmus, the stools being deep green or black, and horribly offensive; the urine scanty, red, and often bloody; the pulse small, frequent, and often intermitting accompanied with palpitation of the heart and syncope, difficult respiration, and cold sweats; swelling and itching of the whole body, which occasionally becomes covered with livid blotches; great prostration of strength, and paralysis of the feet and hands j delirium ; convulsions ; strenuous priapism; and death. Morbid Appearances. The mouth and oesophagus are seldom in- flamed ; but the stomach most commonly, although not always, presents appearances of intense inflammation, amounting to erosion or abrasion of the villous coat; and it is on the surface of such erosions that pieces of the oxyd are generally found, when the poi- son has been swallowed in a solid state. The inflammation is evi- dent also in the duodenum, jejunum, and ilium ; but almost disap- * Coffee instantly decomposes the Baits of copper. 200 A T R----B L I [Appendix pears in the colon, although the mucous membrane of the rectum i« often found not only highly inflamed, but ulcerated. The lungs are sometimes black and turgid with blood; but the chief morbid ap- pearances are to he looked for in the stomach and intestines- The contents of the former of these, and of portions of the latter, ought in every case to be carefully preserved, and washed in tepid distil- led water- Tests- If any solid particles be found in the stomach, mix one part of them with three of a mixture, consisting of one part of finely pow- dered charcoal, and two parts of dry carbonate of potass; put this into a small glass tube, the upper inner surface or empty part of which clean with a feather, and stop the open end loosely with a little tow, or piece of soft paper: then place the closed end among red hot coals for a few minutes, or in the flame of a spirit lamp; when, if arsenic be present, a brilliant metallic crust will be found lining the upper part of the tube; and which, when placed on hot coals, will exhale dense fumes, and a strong smell of garlic. If no solid particle be found, strain the. washings of the stomach through a piece of linen rag ; and dividing the fluid into different portions, test each portion separately by the following re-agents:— 1. Touch the surface of the fluid with a stick of lunar caustic, (nitras argenti fusa;) a beautiful yellow precipitate, as seen by reflected light, will proceed from the point of contact, if arsenic be present. 2. Drop some of the suspected fluid on a piece of white paper, so as to make a broad line; then draw several times along this line a "stick of lunar caustic, and brush the streak lightly over with liquid ammonia. If arsenic be present, a bright queen's yellow is pro-, duced, which remains permanent for nearly an hour. 3. Dissolve in two drachms of the suspected fluid three grains of sub- carbonate of ammonia, and add a warm solution of five grains of sulphate of copper: if arsenic be present, a lively grass green pre- cipitate will be produced. 4. Into the fluid stir a moderate quantity of charcoal in fine powder; allow it to settle ; then filter ; and to the powder, when dry, add a little carbonate of potass, and sprinkle some of this mixture on a red hot poker: if arsenic be present, the smell of garlic will be per- ceptible. No single test should be relied on ; and it should also be understood, that the vehicle in which the poison has been exhibited often alters the results of re-agents- (See London Dispensatory, 2d edition, p. 55.) Treatment- Evacuate the stomach by administering large draughts of tepid mucilaginous fluids, or sugar and water, or chalk and water, or lime water. Afterwards combat the inflammatory symptoms by- bleeding freely, both generally and locally; by tepid baths, emol- lient enemas, and narcotics. If the immediate fatal symptoms be averted, let the patient for a long time subsist wholly on farinaceous food, milk, and demulcents. *** All arsenical poisons operate nearly in the same manner a3 the white oxyd; and, consequently, similar means are required for de- tecting their presence and counteracting their effects. ATROPA BELLADONNA; see Deadly Nightshade. ■ BELLADONNA; see Deadly Nightshade. BLISTERING FLIES, (Cantharis seu Lytta Vesicatoria.) An acrid animal poison. Symptoms. Nausea; vomiting apd purging, the matter ejected in Appendix.) B R Y----C A R 201 cither case being frequently bloody and purulent; acute epigas- tralgia; writhing colie; great heat and irritation of the bladder and urinary organs, accompanied with the most painful priapism; the pulse is quick and hard ; and although thirst is often great, yet there is occasionally a horror of liquids- If these symptoms be not soon relieved, they are followed by convulsions, tetanus, delirium, syncope, and death. Throughout the attack, the breath of the pa- tient has a very peculiar, faint, sickly odour. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; the green shining particles of the powdered flies being sometimes , seen adhering to the inner coat of the viscus, or mixed with its con- tents. The intestines also and the kidneys exhibit marks of inflam- mation : and these are still more evident in the bladder, particularly when the fatal result does not immediately supervene. Tests. The poisonous properties of the blistering fly depends on a peculiar principle which has been named canthariden; but the poison can be recognised only by the appearance of the green shi- ning particles, which are visible in the finest powder, and by the symptoms. Treatment. Copious dilution with milk and demulcent fluids, bleed- ing, the warm bath, opiate frictions, and clysters of mutton broth and oil. BRYONY ROOT, (Bryonia Dioica Radix.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. Violent vomitings, with severe colic pains and purging; great thirst; difficulty of breathing ; and sometimes convulsions- Morbid Appearances. Evidences of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and rectum, and congestion of blood in the lungs- Test- This poison can only be recognised when the root itself, or a portion of it, can be obtained- It is large, fleshy, fusiform, of a yellowish-white colour, and has a sweetish, yet acrid and bitter, disagreeable taste. Treatment. Excite vomiting by copious draughts of tepid demulcent fluids, and by irritation of the fauces; then administer milk and mucilaginous diluents, with opiates and emollient enemas- The lancet may be sometimes requisite- CAMPHOR, (Camphora.) A narcotic vegetable poison. Symptoms- Violent excitement of the brain and nervous system ; vomiting ; vertigo, preceded by pallid countenance ; great anxiety; small pulse; difficult respiration, syncope, cold sweats, and con- vulsions. In some instances, it has occasioned death. Morbid Appearances- Too few opportunities have occurred for as- certaining these with any degree of accuracy. Test- Camphor is always readily discovered by its peculiar odour. Treatment. Wine and opium, exhibited at short intervals until the avnurffcns abate. CARmRaTE OF BARYTES, (Carbonas Baryta;) see under MuN/Rof Barytes. CARBONATE OF LEAD, (Plumbi Carbonas-) An astringent metallic poison. Symptoms- Obstinate costiveness; violent colic, with retraction of 'ffithc abdomen; vomiting; tho pulse small and hard; laborious breathing, and tremors, terminating in paralysis of the extremities, and ocra-sionnlly in death. 202 CAR [Appendix. Morbid Appearances- Inflammation of tho mucous membrane of the intestines, sometimes attended with blotches of extravasated blood. When the death of the patient is not sudden, the mesenteric and lymphatic glands are inflamed and obstructed; and all the viscera bear more or less evidence of having suffered from increased vas- cular action. Test. When the poison has been swallowed in the solid form, and any of it can be obtained, it may be known in some degree by its colour and weight, or by rubbing it in a mortar with a little spiritous solution pf guaiac, and a few drops of liquid ammonia, which pro- duce a beautiful grass green, passing to glaucous when lead is pre- sent ; but is still more certainly detected by reducing it to a metal- lic state upon charcoal, by means of the blowpipe. When it has been taken in syrup, or in wine, or in Hollands, to im- prove which it is often ignorantly and improperly used, first render the coloured fluids colourless by chlorine, and then add to different portions tiie following re-agents:—Sulphate of potass, which will produce a white; hydrosulphate, which will throw down a black; and chromate of potass, which will exhibit a canary yellow preci- pitate, if any salt of lead be present. Or drop into the suspected liquid a watery solution of sulphuretted hydrogen gas, which will form a dark brown precipitate, insoluble in tartareous acid, if a salt of lead be present. treatment. Bleed, if the pulse be hard; then freely exhibit cathar- tics, particularly castor oil and sulphate of magnesia, combined with opium or extract of hyoscyamus; use the warm bath, and throw up repeatedly injections of mutton broth and demulcents. The patient should dilute very freely with mucilaginous liquids. When convalescent, he should live almost entirely on a milk diet. %* The action of acetate of lead, and of red oxide of lead or litharge, on the animal economy, is nearly the same as that of the carbonate of lead; consequently, the above observations apply to all the salts of lead. CARBONIC ACID GAS. This gas is often extricated very largely in various processes of art, and in burning charcoal in close rooms, so as to produce suspended animation and death. As it is also very heavy, it remains in fermenting vats and cellars long after the liquor has been drawn off, so as to destroy individuals who incau- tiously enter them- Symptoms- Great drowsiness, difficulty of respiration, and suffoca- tion. The features appear swelled, and the face bluish, as in cases of strangulation. Test- Invert immediately, before the air of the place has been dis- turbed, a bottle filled with lime water in the atmosphere which has occasioned the suspended animation or the death of the person im- mersed in it, until one half of the fluid runs out; and at the same time introduce a lighted taper into the same atmosphere- If the taper be extinguished, and the lime water, on being shaken in the bottle, become milky, the deleterious gas is carbonic acid gas. 'Treatment. Remove the body into the open air; apply friction, par- ticularly over the thorax; and endeavour to stimulate the organs of respiration to a renewed action, by inflating the lungs with com- mon air, or, if it can be procured, oxygen gas, by means of the double bellows, alid a flexible tube introduced into the trachea (liro-jgh the nostrils. Appendip] C O C---C O R --Wl COCCULUS INDICUS, (Menispermi Cocculi fructus.) An aero narcotic vegetable poison. Symptoms. These closely resemble those of intoxication from ardent spirits- -Morbid Appearances- There is no instance of the examination of a human body destroyed by this poison on record. Test. That this poison has been the cause of death, or of powerfully deleterious effects on the human body, cannot be ascertained by any test. The fruit is externally blackish, about the size of a peu, whitish within, and has a very bitter taste, not easily removed from the palate. Treatment- Encourage vomiting, and purge freely ; bleed if the pulse indicate it, or if symptoms resembling apoplexy supervene- COL< iilCUM; see Meadow Saffron. COLOQUINTIDA, (Fructus Cucumerus Colocynthidis.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. Violent pains in the epigastrium, with vomiting and purging, the stools being mixed with blood. The sight soon be- comes obscured, and this state is succeeded by vertigo and delirium. Morbid Appearances. Death has seldom occurred from this poison ; but when it has taken place, the stomach and bowels have been found inflamed, particularly the rectum. Test. A strong infusion of coloquintida gelatinises as it cools, resem- bling in appearance mucilage of quince seed; but it has a very bit- ter, nauseous teste. Solution of potash renders it greenish, and throws down a precipitate; ammonia dissolves the mucilage. But no test can be relied on ; the only certainty of this poison having been taken is the seeing the substance itself. Treatment. Emetics, to evacuate the whole of the deleterious sub- stance ; local blood-letting on the abdomen; afterwards opiates, ahd copious dilution with milk and oily demulcents. CONGER. Symptoms- This fish, although it is frequently eaten with impunity, yet has in some instances produced all the symptoms of cholera morbus, succeeded by paralysis of the lower extremities. Treatment. Evacuate the contents of the stomach and bowels, after having allayed their irritability by opium. Dilute freely with sac- charine and acidulous liquids; and bleed, if symptoms of inflam- mation of the lower bowels supervene. CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE, (Hydrargyri Oxymurias.) A corro- sive metallic poison. Symptoms. An acrid, styptic, metallic taste; with the sensation of fulness and burning in the throat; copious salivation, but not al- ways ; great anxiety; tearing pains of the stomach and intestines; nausea; frequent vomiting of a fluid occasionally mixed with blood; diarrhoea; tenesmus; the pulse small, quick, and hard: frequent faintings; universal debility ; difficult respiration; cold sweats; cramps of all the members; convulsions; and death- Morbid Appearances. General inflammation of the first passages; constriction of the intestinal canal, with marks of gangrene, some- times with perforation of the viscus ; and in general the mucous membrane of the stomach is detached. Tests- 1. If the poison be found in the solid state, its nature may be suspected by its sensible qualities; but to ascertain the truth, mix the suspected substance with an equal weight of very dry sabear- 204 C YC----D E A [Appendix- bonate of potass; then put the mixture into a small glass tube, and heat it gradually to redness: if it be corrosive sublimate, meicury will be obtained in metallic globules. 2. If the suspected poison be a fluid, and a colourless liquid, place in it a small piece of clean polished copper, and allow it to remain for a short time, when it will be covered with a white coating that will acquire a metallic lustre when rubbed, if corrosive sublimate be the poison; or pour into it lime water, which will produce an orange yellow precipitate, if this salt be present. The following test, proposed by Mr. Silvester, may also be employed: Bend a piece of iron wire, three inches long, into the shape of the Greek letter II) and tie the two ends to tho sides of a plain gold or wedding ring. On a plate of glass not less than three inches square, laid horizontally, drop some diluted sulphuric acid, till it spreads the size of a shilling. At a little distance, next, drop some of the suspected solution, until the edges of the two liquids touch each other; then lay the wire and the ring, united as above described, in such a manner that the wire may touch the acid, and the gold ring be in contact with the suspected liquid. If corrosive sublimate be present, the ring, in a few minutes, will be covered with mercury on the part which touches the fluid. 3. If the solvent be wine, coffee, or any coloured liquid, agitate it slowly for ten minutes in a phial, with two or three drachms of sulphuric ether; then, after the fluids have soparated by rest, pour off the ether, and evaporate it in a small porcelain capsule. IS corrosive sublimate be present, it will remain in a solid form in the capsule; and that if. is that soft, may be proved by dissolving the residue in water, and precipitating, as already described, with lime water- Treatment. Give large quantities of white of egg diluted in water, in repeated doses- The albumen decomposes the corrosive muriate, and reduces it to the state of calomel, which, acting on the bowels, carries itself off by purging. Bleeding is requisite if the pulse be quick and hard. The warm bath may also be employed ; and du- ring convalescence, the patient should subsist altogether on broths, milk, and demulcent fluids. CYCLAMEN ; see Sow Bread. DEADLY NIGHTSHADE or DWALE, (Atropa Belladonna.) An acro-narcotic vegetable poison. Symptoms- A sense of great dryness and stricture of the pharynx and oesophagus; sickness, vertigo, dilated pupils and dimness of sight; laughter, delirium, redness and tumefaction of the face; convul- sions. The stomach and bowels become sometimes so paralysed, that vomiting can scarcely be produced by the most powerful emetics; and death follows. Morbid Appearances. The body swells greatly after death, whilst blood flows from the nose, mouth, and ears, and rapid putrefaction ensues. The stomach and intestines display marks of high inflam- matory action, and the vessels of the brain are generally found tur- gid with blood. Test. There is no chemical test for ascertaining the presence of this poison in food; but the botanical characters both of the leaves and the fruit should be familiar to every practitioner. The berries which are most likely to be eaten by children, are large, roundish' with a longitudinal furrow on each side, of a very deep purple cr>- Jlpptnda-] DIG----t'UO 2lf.:> lour, smooth, shining, and seated within a green flower cup ot ca- lyx. Their taste is sweet and agreeable. 7'reaf.mcitt. Give emetics of sulphate of zinc or of copper; then evacuate the bowels by active purgatives and clysters; and follow these by large doses of vinegar and water, or other vegetable acids. The previous use of vinegar haa been recommended, ahd it is said the emetics act with more certainty after its use.* DIGITALIS; see Foxglove. ELATERIUM, (Momoridica Elaterii, fructus et fecula.) An aero narcotic poison. Symptoms. Violent sickness, vomiting, and hypercatharsis; the stools being of the most watery consistence; and followed by sudden and excessive debility, cold clammy sweats, and death. Morbid Appearances. When the extract has been taken, and the dose very large, the whole mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines appears in some degree inflamed ; but when the fruit has been eaten, or the dose of the extract which has been taken is small. the rectum only presents marks of inflammatory action. Test. No tests are known for detecting this poison, unless the extract has been employed, and some of it has been left, when it can be re- cognised, both by its physical qualities and its chemical analysis, t Treatment. Little is to be done except supporting the habit by cor- dials and opium, and the exhibiting emollient enemas; as for exam- ple, of starch and opium. EUPHORBIUM ; see Spurge. FOXGLOVE, (Digitalis Purpurea folia.) An acro-narcotic vege table poison. Symptoms. Intermitting pulse, vertigo, indistinct vision, nausea, hic- cough, cold sweats, delirium, syncope, convulsions, and death- Morbid Appearances- The stomach and intestinal canal, display scarcely any morbid alteration; but the lungs are crepitant, and the blood contained in the ventricles is, generally, in a fluid state- Test. Unless the plant or the entire leaves be found in the recent or dried state, it is impossible to determine that this poison has been employed. Treatment- Exhibit cordials, as for example, brandy, aromatic con- fection, and opium ; and apply a blister to the pit of the stomach. FOOLS' PARSLEY, (JEthusa Cynapium.) An acro-narcotic ve- getable poison. Symptoms. Heat of throat, thirst, vomiting, and occasionally diar- rhoea ; difficult respiration; a small, frequent pulse; cephalalgia, vertigo, and delirium. Morbid Appearances. Marks of inflammation in the oesophagus and stomach, the spleen livid, and the ventricles of the heart filled with black fluid blood. Test. This plant is distinguished by the involucels consisting of three long linear leaflets, pendent on one 3ide of each umbellule. Treatment. Give emetics and demulcent fluids, in sufficient quantity to excite vomiting; bleeding and aperients. * Pharmacologia,3d eilit. p. 150. L 4 t Ibid. 3d edit. p. 22i! 2Uo F U N---11 E L [Appendu- FUNGUSES, comprehending AGARICS and POISONOUS MUSH ROOMS, (Fungi.) Acro-narcotic vegetable poisons. Symptoms. Different funguses produce different effects on the animal system; but the more generul symptoms are, pains of the stomach, nausea, vomiting, and purging; colic; cramp of the lower extremi- ties; convulsions, both general and partial; an unquenchable thirst, vertigo, delirium, and death. These symptoms do not occur immediately on swallowing the poison, and sometimes not until ten or twelve hours afterwards. Morbid Appearances- Numerous black blotches on the skin over the whole surface of the body; the abdomen much blown up; the pupils contracted: the stomach and intestines inflamed, gangrenous, and strongly contracted in many places; the lungs inflamed, and gorged with black blood; the liver and ppleen in the same state ; the membranes of tbe brain, also, present marks of inflammation; and sphacelated spots are seen on almost every viscus- The blood is, almost always, found coagulated; and, in every instance, there is a remarkable flexibility of the members- Test. There are no means of ascertaining that a person has been poisoned by these vegetables, unless some of the plants be found ; in which case their deleterious properties are known by their bo.a- nicul characters- Treatment. First evacuate the poisonous substances by emetics and purgatives, or by combinations of these: for example, three or four grains of tartar emetic, or twenty-four of ipecacuanha powder, in solution with two ounces of sulphate of soda. Castor oil is a valu- able purgative in these cases. The lancet is sometimes necessary. After the stomach and bowels have been emptied, give small but repeated doses of ether in mucilage, and dilute with vinegar or other acidulated liquids. The debility subsequent to the effects of these poisons, when the fatal issue is averted, must be treated with cinchona and other tonics. GAMBOGE, (Cambogia.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms- Violent vomitings and hypercatharsis, followed by great prostration of strength, and death. Morbid Appearances- Slight inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, and marks of strong vascular action in the rectum- Test. This poison ie easily detected by its beautiful yellow colour, and the tinge it communicates to the whole mucous membrane of the intestines. Treatment. Demulcent and mucilaginous liquids and milk should be freely administered ; and after the poison is supposed to be wholly evacuated, small doses of opium at short intervals. HELLEBORE ROOT—BLACK, (Hcllebori Nigri Radix.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. Severe pain of the stomach and intestines, violent vomit- ing, vertigo, excessive debility, and death. Morbid Appearances. Evident signs of inflammation in the alimen- tary canal, but more particularly in the larger intestines. The limbs remain remarkably flexible after death. Tist- None. Treatment- The poison is generally thrown out of the stomach by the vomiting it occasions. This should be assisted, however, by Appendix.) 11 E L----L A U 207 copious dilution with mild mucilaginous fluids; and be followed by bleeding, and other antiphlogistic measures. HELLEBORE ROOT—WHITE, (Veratri Albi Radix.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. Vomiting and hypercatharsis, with bloody stools; greal anxiety, tremors, vertigo, syncope, sinking of the pulse, cold sweats, convulsions, and death. Nearly tiie same symptoms are produced by the application of the root to an ulcerated surface- Morbid Appearances. Slight inflammation of the stomach and bow- els. Considerable inflammation of the rectum, which often pre sent? sphacelated spots. The lungs are generally gorged with blood- 7'est- None. Treatment- Evacuate the stomach by copious draughts of oily and mucilaginous liquids, and exhibit emollient enemas to sheath and soothe the rectum. Then administer acidulous fluids, coffee, and camphor, and bleed, in conjunction with other antiphlogistic mea- sures. Alluy the action of the poison on the rectum by emollient clysters. \* The same instructions will serve in cases of poisoning by Fatid Hellcbor., Bryony, Ranunculus, Arum, <$-«. HEMLOCK, (Conii Maculati, folia et radix-) A narcotic vegeta- ble poison. Symptoms Sickness and difficulty of respiration, great anxiety, ver- tigo ; delirium, which often rises to frenzy; dilatation of the pu pils, stupor, convulsions, and death. Morbid Appearances. Scarcely any marks of .inflammation are per- ceptible in the stomach or the intestines, except in the rectum, in which red blotches are observed. The vessels of the brain are gorged with blood, and other evidences of strong inflammation bin ing existed in that organ present themselves. Test- None. J'reatment- Evacuate the stomach by a scruple of sulphate of zinc. dissolved in an ounce of water, or by some other powerful emetic ; and having reduced the cerebral excitement by bleeding and purg- g, administer freely vinegar and water, or any other acidulous liquid. HENBANE, (Hyosciami, folia et semina.) A narcotic vegetable poiaon- Sumptoms. Sickness, stupor, dimnese of sight, and delirium, followed 'by coma and great dilatation of the pupils; the pulse is at first hard, but becomes gradually weaker and tremulous ; petechia? often make their appearance as the forerunnors of death. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation of the stomach, the intestines, and the membranes of tiie brain. Test- None. Treatment. If the poison have been recently taken, evacuate the stemach by a powerful emetic, and afterwards administer vinegar and acidulous drinks; but if the poison have already entered the system, bleed and purge freely to reduce the inflammatory symp- toms, exhibiting at the same time acidulous liquids. LAUDANUM ; see Opium. LAUREL WATER, (Aqua Distillata Pruni Lauro-ccrasi) A narcotic vegetable poison. Stimntoms- Sudden death, without vomiting, cnnvnlsion.R. or any of ' 11 208 L 1 M----M U R [Appeviu the other symptoms which usually precede it in cases of poisoning. In some instances violent pain of the stomach has been complained of immediately before the fatal event. Morbid Appearances- Very slight appearances of redness in the sto- mach ; but all the other organs are in a natural state. Test. Strong smell of bitter almonds. See Prussic Ariel- Treatment- The fatal effect of this poison i» so quickly produced, that little opportunity is afforded for the trial of antidotes. Brandy and other cordials may prove useful. LIME, (Calx.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. Great heat of the throat, nausea, vomiting, epigastralgia, and insupportable colic, with all the symptoms which characterize inflammation of the stomach and intestines. Morbid Appearances- Intense inflammation of all the membranes with which the poison has come in contact. Test. If any of the poison be found, pour over it distilled water; then stop the vessel closely from the atmospherical air, and after some time filter the supernatant fluid- If this have a strong acrid styptic taste, change to green the vegetable blues, be precipitated by oxalic acid, and on exposure to the air a pellicle be formed which is soluble with effervescence in vinegar or any acid, we may pronounce the poison to be lime. If none of the poison be found, and nevertheless it is suspected to be lime, calcine the contents of the stomach and bowels, and treat the residue as above directed. Treatment. Vinegar, lemon juice, or any vegetable acid, should be freely administered, and then demulcents ; employing bleeding, anievery means that can reduce the inflammatory action excited in the abdominal viscera. MEADOW SAFFRON, (Colchici Avtumnalis, semina et bulbus.) An acro-narcotic vegetable poison- Symptoms- Nausea and vomiting, violent griping and hypercatharsis, sinking of the pulse and cold sweats. Morbid Appearances- Slight inflammation of the stomach and intes- tines ; but the effect is chiefly produced on the nervous system. Test- None- Treatment. Evacuate the stomach by bland demulcent fluids taken in large doses ; then exhibit opium in small doses, with cordials. MONKSHOOD, (Aconiti, folia et flores-) Symptoms- Nausea and violent vomiting; hypercatharsis, vertigo, cold sweats, delirium, and convulsions, which terminate in death. Morbid Appearances. Very slight appearances of inflammation in the stomach, its effects appearing to depend altogether on its action on the nervous system. Test. None. Treatment- Evacuate the substance from the stomach, and then ad- minister, freely, acidulous fluids and cordials. MURIATIC ACID, (Acidum Muriaticum.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms- Sensation of burning in the throat, the o?sophagus, and the stomach ; styptic taste in the mouth ; great thirst; the eyes red and sparkling; the pulse very frequent and tense; and the skin hot and dry ; the tongue red and glazed ; the lips black; vomiting of blood and yellow matter, having the pungent odour of the acid • cold sweats, delirium, and death. These are also the svmptoms Appendix.] SI U R 209 attending poisoning by any of the mineral acids ; but it is said by Orfila, that when the muriatic acid is the poison, a thick white fume, of a sharp penetrating odour, similar to that exhaled by the acid, issues from the mouth. Morbid Appearances. The mouth, oesophagus, and stomach, are of a deep red colour, and partially covered with extravasated blood; they are also often perforated in many places. Test. When any of the acid which has been used as the poison re- mains, it is readily detected by its sensible qualities, and by the white dense fumes of muriate of ammonia, which are formed "when a glass rod dipped in ammonia is approached to it- If mixed with wine, or other cploured fluids, it may be detected by distilling the suspected.fluid from a small retort over a candle, into a phial con- taining a solution of nitrate of silver; the muriate of silver will be thus fo'ined, which is known by its solubility in ammonia, and its insolubility in nitric acid. If the contents of the stomach or the vomited matter only can be procured, boil these for three quarters of an hour in combination with a dilute solution of pure potass, and precipitate the filtered fluid with nitrate of silver, which will form the muriate of silver, if the poison be muriatic acid. Treatment. Administer immediately soap and calcined magnesia, mixed in bland demulcent fluids- Give, freely, emollient diluents, and employ antiphlogistic means to overcome the inflammatory symptoms that supervene, when the poison does not prove very soon fatal. MURIATE OF BARYTES, (Murias Baryta.) A corrosive mi- neral poison. Symptoms. Violent vomiting, accompanied with excruciating pains of the stomach and bowels; vertigo, stupor, paralysis of the lower extremities, convulsions, and death. Independent of its corrosive property, it acts on the brain and nervous system. Morbid Appearance. Evidences of inflammation of the raucous membrane of the stomach throughout its whole extent. Tests. If any of the poison be found, muriate of barytes may be detected in it by dropping into it a little sulphuric acid, when a white precipitate will be formed, which is insoluble in nitric acid ; or by the suspected fluid yielding with nitrate of silver a white curdled or clotted precipitate, insoluble in water and in nitric acid. If the menstruum be red wine or coffee, the mixture should be fil- tered, and its colour d'-stroyed by chlorine before testing it. The excess of chlorine, however, must be previously dissipated by heat, when the nitrate of silver is employed as a test. Treatment. As soon as possible dilute largely with bland fluids, holding in solution -sulphate of soda or of magnesia; for these salts decompose the muriate of barytes, and form an inert insoluble sulphate in the stomach ; then excite vomiting by irritating the fauces. %* The other soluble barytic salts produce nearly the same effects on the animal economy as the muriate; and, therefore, these in- structions refer equally to cases of poisoning by the nitrate and the carbonate of barytes, or by pure barvtes- MURIATE OF ANTIMONY—BUTTER OF ANTIMONY, (Mu- rias Antimonii.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms- Excruciating pains of the stomach, violent vomiting, hy- percatharsis, convulsions, syncope, mid death- 210 M U R---M U S [Appcndu- Morbid Appearances- The mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines is inflamed throughout, and in some places eroded and gangrenous. The brain also presents evidences of having suffered from strong inflammatory excitement. 7'est. Mix the suspected substance with subcarbonate of potass and charcoal, and calcine the mixture; the result should be muriate of potass, metallic antimony, and carbonic acid gas. The butter of antimony is decomposed by water, which forms a white preci- pitate ; and by the hydro-sulphurets, which precipitate it of an orange colour. Treatituvt See Tartarized. Antimony- MURIATE OF TIN, (Murias Stanni.) A. corrosive metallic poison. Symptoms. An austere metallic taste; constriction of the oesophagus impeded respiration; violent vomiting, with crump of the sto- mach and excruciating colic pains, purging, the pulse small, but sharp and quick ; convulsions, sometimes paralysis, and death. Morbid Appearance- Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and intestines. Test. This salt, in the solid state, is in small acicular crystals, of a yellowish-white colour ; deliquescent in the air, and reddening the vegetable blues. Mix the solid salt in a crucible, with charcoal and caustic potass, (potassa'fusa,) and, covering the crucible with charcoal, expose it to a strong heat for 20 minutes. The result should be metallic tin and muriate of potass. If the poison be in solution, precipitate separate portions of it by the following re- agents : solution of potass, or of prussiate of potass, which throw down white precipitates ; and the hydro-sulphurets, which form yellow precipitates. If the solvents be wine or coffee, the solutions must be freed from colour by chlorine before being tested. Treatment- Dilute copiously with milk, which appears to decompose the muriate ; then excite vomiting by large draughts of tepid water, and irritating the fauces- Bleed, and employ the warm bath, fo- mentations, and emollient enemas, to combat the inflammatory symptoms ; administering, at the same time, opiates and antispas- modics to soothe the nervous irritation. THE MUSSEL, (Mytilus Edulis) A septic animal poison. Symptoms. Sensation of weight at the stomach, nausea, constriction of the throat, immoderate thirst, vertigo, itching, and sometimes an eruption all over the skin ; low tremulous pulse, subsultus and cold- ness of the extremities, occasionally terminating in death. Morbid Appearances. Slight evidences pf inflammation of the mu- cous membrane of the stomach. A dark foetid fluid is present in the stomach; and the whole rapidily undergoes putrefaction. Test. None- Treatment- Evacuate the stomach by a powerful emetic, and by irri- tating the fauces with the finger, or a feather, until full vomiting he excited ; purge with castor oil; and, at the same time, dilute freely with acidulous liquids, giving, at short intervals, from 20 to 40 drops of ether in half an ounce of simple syrup. V* These remarks apply generally to "all cases of poisoning by fish. (For a list of the fwh most to be dreaded, see London Medical Re- pository, vol. iii..p. 451.) But it is probable, as suggested by Dr. Burrows in the piper referred to, that the poisonous properties of frsh deiicnd chiefly on an unhealthy state of the fish itself Appendix] N 1 T----S U B iill NITRATE OF COPPER; see under Sulphate of Copper- NITRE—NITRATE OF POTASS, (Nitras Potassa.) An acrid mineral poison. Symptoms. When taken in doses of an ounce, which has too fre- quently happened from the salt being sold by mistake for sulphate of soda, it excites nausea, vomiting, and hypercatharsis ; bloody stools, excruciating tormina of the lower bowels, the sensation of fire in the stomach, laborious respiration, syncope, convulsions, and sometimes death. If the patient live, he remains paralytic. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation and sphacelation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which has been occasionally found per- forated. The evidences of inflammation extend throughout the in- testinal canal- Test. The form of its crystals, if any of the salt remain, instantly distinguishes nitre from sulphate of soda; but. if it be in powder, it may be known by deflagrating when it is thrown upon hot coals, and by giving out nitrous acid fumes when hot sulphuric acid is poured on it. Treatment. Dilute freely with milk and bland demulcents; exhibit emollient enemas ; and, after bleeding when the pulse is hard and quick, administer opium and aromatics- NITRATE OF SILVER, or LUNAR CAUSTIC, (Argenti Ni- tras-) A corrosive metallic poison. Symptoms. Nearly the same as those produced by corrosive subli- mate. Morbid Appearance- The organs of deglutition, and the stomach, present evident marks of inflammation and erosion. Tests. If the poison have been taken in solution in water, it is de; tected by the oxyd of arsenic precipitating a yellow arseniate of silver. Ammonia does not render the solution turbid, but it is pre- cipitated by all the other alkalies. A stick of phosphorus placed in it precipitates the silver in a metallic state. All the muriates de- compose it, and throw down a white precipitate, which is changed to black by the light. Treatment. Administer, instantly, a strong solution of common salt, to form an insoluble muriate of silver in the stomach. Then evacu ate the contents of the stomach by an emetic ; and, if symptoms of inflammation nevertheless supervene, employ local and general bleeding, tepid baths, and emollient fomentations and clysters. SUBNITRATE OF BISMUTH, (Subnitras Bismuthi.) A corro- sive metallic poison. Symptoms. Nearly the same as those of corrosive sublimate, with a sensation of great heat in the chest, and difficulty of breathing. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation and erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which is almost reduced to a state of pulp, and is separated by the slightest friction. The inflammation extends throughout the intestines, and the lungs also show traces of it. Tests. The best test is chromate of potass, which precipitates it from its aqueous solution of a beautiful orange-yellow colour. It may be detected in the solid contents of tiie stomach by calcina tion. Treatment. Exhibitlarge draughts of milk, which is firmly coagulated into clot* bv the Btiuiiilrnte of bismuth, and involving the poison, M 2 i!l2 N I T----O P I [AppindJx.. affords time and opportunity to expel it from the stomach. If symptoms of inflammation show themselves, combat them by bleeding and other antiphlogistic measures- NITRIC ACID, NITROUS ACID—AQUAFORTIS, (Acidum Nitricum et Nitrosum-) Corrosive mineral poisons- Symptoms. Sensation of burning in the threat, oesophagus, and sto- mach ; excessive vomiting, and almost immediate death, if the acid be'strong, and the dose large: but if it be weak, the patient may linger for a considerable time, in which rase he vomits at intervals shreds of membrane, which have an insupportable foetor; the con- stipation of the bowels is the most obstinate ; and when dejections are obtained, they are attended with excruciating torture. Morbid Appearances. When death has quickly taken place, the most characteristic feature displayed on dissection, is a layer of yellow matter, which covers the mucous membrane of the oesophagus, th« stomach, and every part over which the poison has passed- This membrane is also converted into a fatty substance, and the stomach is often found perforated. The lips, chin, and bands of the patient, are also stained with orange-coloured spots. Tests. Boil the fluid, if any remain unswallowed, over copper filings, when orange-coloured fumes will be extricated if aquafortis or nitric acid be present. When none of the poison remains, and death has token place, the appearances presented by dissection afford the best evidences that nitric acid has been the poison. Treatment- Give large doses of a solution of soap, or a mixture of calcined magnesia in water or any bland fluid. Then evacuate the stomach by large draughts of demulcent fluids ; and bleed, purge, and employ other antiphlogistic measures, if the symptoms! indicate inflammation- NUX VOMICA, (Strychnos Nux Vomica.) An acro-narcotic ve- getable poison. Symptoms. Sensations of inebriety ; vertigo ; tetanic rigidity of the limbs and arms, alternating with subsultustendinum; extreme diffi- cuhy of respiration : asphyxia; and death. , Mori id Appearances- Scarcely any evidences of membranous in- liammation in the stomach or intestines ; the lunge appear natural; but the left ventricle of the heart is generally gorged with blood. It is supposed that this poison acts chiefly on the medulla spinalis. Test, None. Treatmt nt. Evacuate the stomach and bowels, and then dilute freely with vinegar and water and other acidulous drinks. OXYD OF COPPER; see under Verdigris- OPIUM, (Opium.) A narcotic vegetable poison. SymptO„s- Drowsiness and stupor, which are followed by delirium, pallid countenance, sighing, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, convulsions, apoplexy, and death. Morbid Appearances. Those which indicate inflammation of the stomach and intestines; but there are no evidences of an inflam- matory state of the brain or its membranes. Test- None, if we except the peculiar and familiar odour of the droit Treatment. An emetic consisting of 3j. of sulphate of zinc, or from gr. v. to gr- x- of sulphate of copper dissolved in an ounce of wa- ter, should be exhibited as soon as possible, and the vomiting kept tip by irritating tho fauces. After the stomach is emptied, give Appendix.) OX A---PHO 213 large draughts of vinegar and water, and of her acidulous fluids; with coffee, brandy, and cordials ; keeping awake, and constantly rousing the attention of the sufferer, until the effects of the poison subside. Immersion in the tepid bath is a useful means of subdu- ing the drowsiness. OXALIC ACID, (Acidum Oxalicum.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. Burning pain of the stomach; nausea, and severe but in- effectual efforts to vomit; great dilatation of pupils; vertigo, con- vulsions, and death. Morbid Appearances. The tongue and fauces are covered with a viscid white mucus; the 3tomach is partially inflamed, and exhibits, in some places', evidently those to which the acid has been more immediately applied, a pulpy character. Evidences of inflamma- tion in the lungs. Tests. Its small, needle-form, lamellar crystals, have occasioned it to be mistaken for Epsom salts; but it is easily distinguished from these by its strong acid taste, by its volatilizing when heated in a phial, and subliming in small crystals, and by lime water throwing down, in its solution, a copious precipitate of oxalate of lime- Treatment. Administer, as soon as possible after the poison has been ■ taken, a mixture of chalk and water, and then evacuate the oxa- late of lime thus formed, by exciting vomiting, by copious dilution, and irritating the fauces. POTASS, (Caustic)—SOLUTION OF POTASS, (Potassa fusa, Liquor Potassa.) A corrosive mineral poison. . Symptoms- Acrid urinous taste in the mouth; great heat of the throat; nausea and vomiting of bloody alkaline matter; acute epigastralgia and insupportable colic; hypercatharsis, convulsions, and death- Morbid Appearances- Evidences of inflammation the most extensive of the whole alimentary canal, and perforations of the stomach- Tests. If any of the poison remain, it is known by feeling soapy to the touch, changing to green the vegetahlo reds and blues; and precipitating nitric of silver in form of a dark-coloured oxyd, which is soluble in nitric acid. Water, impregnated with carbonic acid, produces no precipitate or opacity, which distinguishes it from the caustic earths. Potass is distinguished from soda by eva- porating the solution to dryness in a silver spoon, and exposing the mass to the air If it deliquesces, the alkali is potass. If none of the poison remain, the vomited matter must be tested in the above manner- Treatment. Vinegar and the vegetable acids should be instantly and freely administered. Dilute freely with demulcents, and employ bleeding and other antiphlogistic means to reduce the inflammatory symptoms. *** Cases of poisoning by soda, and the alkaline carbonates, require the same treatment. PHOSPHORUS, (Phosphorus.) A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. Phosphorus taken even in moderate quantities produces immediate death; and as it has been exhibited as a remedy, in this manner it may prove poisonous. The symptoms are violent paiu of the stomach, with u hot, alliaceous taste in tho mouth; great excitement of the arterial system, and horrible convulsions, which are the forerunners of death. M 3 Hi P R U----S A B [Appendix- Morbid Appearances. A general inflammatory aspect of the stomach and intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. Test. Phosphorus is readily known by its alliaceous smell and com- bustible properties. Treatment- Dilute largely so as to fill the stomach with liquid, by which the combustion of the phosphorus in it is impeded, and vomiting induced, without increasing the irritation of the viacus. Magnesia, mixed with the fluid exhibited, is useful, by neutralizing phosphorus and phosphoric acid, which are rapidly formed in these cases. PRUSSIC ACID, (Acidum Hydro-cyanicum.) A narcotic poison. Symptoms. When the dose is large, death is the immediate result; but if the dose do not exceed from 10 to 20 minims, it is succeeded by stupor and weight in the head; nausea, faintness, and vertigo, with loss of sight; followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pu- pils, a small vibrating pulse, and syncope, which terminate insensi- bly in death, if no curative means be employed. Morbid Appearances- No change of structure nor any trace of in- flammatory action is evident; but a strong odour of bitter almonds pervades every part of the body. Tests- Perhaps the only certain test is the odour of the acid exhaled from the body; but the following have been recommended: Agi- tate the blood found in the ventricles of the heart, and the fluids found in the stomach, brain, and other cavities, with distilled wa- ter ; and having filtered, add to a portion of the liquid a few drops of a solution of sulphate of iron. If prussic acid be present, a pre- cipitate of a burnt brown colour will fall, which, on adding a little sulphuric acid, instantly changes to a bluish green, and gradually deepens to a beautiful full blue. Treatment. Administer as quickly as possible hot brandy and water, or camphor mixture, combined with liquid ammonia, or the aroma- tic spirit of ammonia. Oil of turpentine alBo, and the whole range of diffusible stimuli, will prove useful. RUE, and OIL OF RUE, (Ruta Graveolentis folia, ct Oleum Vola- tile.) Acro-narcotic vegetable poisons. Symptoms. Great dryness of the mouth and throat, accompanied with a sensation of heat, and pain of the stomach and bowels, headach, and delirium. Morbid Appearances- We know of no recorded instance of death in the human species from the administration of rue or its oil; but in dogs who have been killed by it, the stomach affords evidences of considerable inflammation. Test. None; but the odour of the oi], which resembles that of the plant, leads to its detection. Treatment. Emetics, and afterwards dilution with acidulous drinks and demulcents. SABINE or SAVINE, (Sabina folia.) An acro-narcotic vegetable poison- Symptoms. All those of high excitement, with very acute pain of the stomach and bowels, nausea, vomiting, hypercatharsis, and con- vulsions. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and rectum; but the symptoms depend chiefly on the action which the poison exerts on the nervous system- Test. None. Appendix.i 8 O W----S U L 215 Treatment. Evacuate the stomach by copious dilution with mucila- ginous fluids, and keep down the inflammatory symptoms by the use of the lancet and other antiphlogistic measures- SOW BREAD, (Cyclamen Europaum.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. Violent tormina and purging; bloody stools, accom- panied with coldsweats and convulsions, frequently terminating in death. Test. None. Morbid Appearances. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels- Treatment. Induce -vomiting by large draughts of demulcent fluids ; and combat tiie secondary symptoms by antiphlogistic or other means, as may be required- SPURGE, (Euphorbia Succus proprius, fructus et Gummi Resina.) An acrid vegetable poison. Symptoms. A burning sensation in the mouth, throat, and stomach ; vomiting; hypercatharsis, producing bloody stools ; convulsions, and death. Te.-t None. Morbid Appearances. Evidences of violent inflammation of the sto- mach and tho bowels; but more particularly of the rectum, which is always ulcerated, the surfaces of tbe abraded spots being cover- ed with a brown or blackish fluid, which is probably extravasated blood. Treatment. Excite vomiting by large draughts of tepid water, and then exhibit, alternately and repeatedly, a few table-spoonsful of olive oil, and a cupful of milk. Soothe the rectum with mutton broth and starch clysters, and bleed, if the excitement run high, after the stomach and bowels are evacuated. STRAMONIUM, or THORN APPLE, (Datura Stramonii Herba.) A narcotic vegetable poison. Symptoms. Vertigo, delirium, sometimes- furious madness, stupor, convulsions, paralysis, cold sweats, and death. Test. None. Morbid Appearances. Evidences of. inflammation in the mucous membrane of the stomach, and the moniuges of the brain. T'.-e lungs are generally gorged with very dark-coloured blood, and blotches of extravasated blood are seen in various parts of the ali- mentary canal. Treatment- The same as in cases of poisoning by opium. STRONG-SCENTED LETTUCE, (Lactuca Virosa Herba.) A narcotic vegetable poison. Symptoms. Inebriety, followed by the other symptoms that charac- terize poisoning by opium- Test. None. Morbid Appearances and Treatment. The same as in cases of poison- ing by opium. SUGAR OF LEAD ; see under Carbonate of Lead- SULPHATE OF COPPER; see under Verdigris. SULPHATE OF ZINC : see White Vitriol- SULPHURIC ACID, (Acidum Sulphuricum.) A corrosive mineral poison- f. Symptoms. Austere styptic taste in the mouth : a sensation oi ourn- ing pain in the throat, gullet, and stomach; nausea, vomiting, and r horrible fetor of the breath. The matter vomited is tinged both 216 T A R [Appendix- by arterial and by venous blood, and bubbles upon the spot where it falls. Symptoms of general inflammation of the abdominal vis- cera soon supervene, with difficult respiration, and a cough resem- bling croup; a frequent, small, concentrated, irregular pulse ; con- stant horripilatio; extreme anxiety and restlessness; convulsions of the face and lips; and sometimes a papulous eruption precedes death- The intellect remains entire until the last. Morbid Appearances. The stomach contains a large quantity of dark p-iirnous mntter, and is much distended with foetid gas: its coats are ulcerated, black, and covered with deep corroded spots, an appearance that extends almost through the whole of the ali- mentary canal, which, in many places also, is as it were dissolved. The mouth and oesophagus present evidences of tbe highly corro- sive properties of the poison. Test. If any of the dose remain, it can be readily recognized by its great specific weight, by its property of evolving heat when mixed with water, and by its decomposition, and the evolution of sulph u rous acid gas on boiling it over mercury. If it be combined with wine or vinegar, add chalk to the mixture ; and having washed the precipitate, boil a portion of it with distilled water, and to the clear solution add barytic water. If this acid be present, a sulphate of barytes, insoluble in nitric acid, will be formed. The contents of the stomach may be tested by boiling them with metallic mercu- ry, which will produce sulphurous acid gas, if sulphuric acid have been the poison. Treatment. Having ascertained the nature of ftie poison, dilute in- stantly and, largely with milk mixed with calcined magnesia, or soap, or1 the fixed alkalies; and treat the secondary symptoms by the means usually employed in inflammation of \he intestines. TARTARIC ACID, (Acidum Tartaricum-) A corrosive poison. Symptoms- Nearly the same as those from poisoning by the oxalic acid. , . Morbid Appearances- Very similar to those. produced by the oxalic acid. Tests. When heated in a phial, instead of subliming like oxalic acid, it is decomposed, blackens, swells, smokes, and exhales an acrid vapour. It burns with a blue flame, and leaves a spongy charcoal- When its solution is treated with lime water, tiie white precipitate is soluble in an excess of the acid. Treatment. Solutions of the alkalies, or chalk and water should be instantly administered, and the secondary symptoms treated by bleeding and other antiphlogistic measures. TARTARIZED ANTIMONY—TARTAR EMETIC, (Antimonium Tartarizatum.) A corrosive metallic poison- Symptoms. Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, a sen- sation of burning heat at the epigastrium; twisting colic and hyper- catharsis; small, frequent, hard pulse; syncope, difficult respira- tion, vertigo, insensibility to external stimulants, most painful cramps in the lower limbs, great prostration of strength, and death. Morbid Appearances. The stomach and intestines much inflated with gas; and the mucous membrane of the stomach red, tumefied, and covered with a viscid layer easily separated ; the peritoneum is ge- nerally of a dark brick-red hue ; and the membranes of the brain display marks of having been the scat of great inflammatory ex- ■•ifeiiient: the lungs and lower intestines are not altered- Appendix.) T O B----V E R 217 Tests- If the poison be found in its solid form, reduce it by heating it in a coated tube. The odour of burnt vegetable matter will be exhaled; the powder will first blacken, then resume its white co- lour, and finally display the metallic antimony. If the poison be lound in a state of solution, the presence of tartar emetic may be detected by pouring into the fluid a few drops of alcoholic infusion of galls; which produce an instantaneous, copious, clotted, whitish- yellow precipitate. If the poison be a vinous solution of emetic tartar, the precipitate formed by the tincture of galls is a bright vio- let ; if the solvent be tea, hydro-sulphuret of ammonia produces a red precipitate. Treatment- Dilute freely with tepid flilids to evacuate the whole of the poison, and then allay the vomiting by opium; but if the whole of the poison be not evacuated, large doses of the decoction of yel- low cinchona bark should be administered- It would perhaps be well to give this decoction in the first instance, in doses sufficient to excite vomiting by their bulk. TOBACCO, (Nicotiana Tabaci folia.) A narcotic vegetable poison- Symptoms. Severe nausea, vomiting, headach, and other sensations of inebriety ; sudden sinking of the strength, cold sweats, convul- sions, rind death. The external application of a strong infusion is attended with similar symptoms, and proves nearly as virulent. Morbid Appearances. The mucous membrane of the stomach pre- sents very slight traces of inflammation ; but no alteration is per- ceptible in the intestines. The lungs are generally found gorged with blood ; but the morbid appearances are altogether obscure, the poison producing its deleterious effects evidently by its action on the nervous system. Test. None. Treatment. If the practitioner be called immediately after tbe poison has been swallowed, evacuate,tiie stomach by two or three grains of tartar emetic, and assist its action by irritating tbe fauces. If, however, some time have elapsed, administer castor oil and purga- tives, and immediately afterwards lemon juice, or vinegar and wa- ter; but if the sedative effects be already produced, nothing can be done until the babit be roused by brandy, camphor, and cordials. VERATRUM; see Hellebore Root—White. VERDIGRIS, (JErugo, Subacetas Cupri.) A corrosive metallic poison. Symptoms. Dry, parched tongue, accompanied with a sensation of strangulation in the throat; nausea, and constant spitting, with coppery eructations; vomiting, or fruitless effort to vomit, with a feeling of dragging at the stomach; dreadful colic, and tenesmus ; black, and, occasionally, bloody stools; (he pulse small, hard, quick, and irregular ; ardent thirst, difficult respiration, precordial anxiety, cold sweats, vertigo, great prostration of strength, cramps, convulsions, and death. The more prominent und most frequent symptoms aie tho spitting, colic, and vomitings. Morbid Appearances. Stomach inflnmed, and its coats much thick- ened, so as almost to obliterate the pyloric orifice, and tinged green; intestines inflamed, and, in many places, gangrenous, and even pierced so as to allow the poison to escape into the abdominal ca- viiy. The rectum is generally found ulcerated. Tests. It is readily recognised when any of the poison remains un swallowed If in solution in wine, or any coloured fluid, discharge J18 W U 1---W O L {Appendu the colour by chlorine, and precipitate the filtered fluid by prussiate of potash, which throws down a chestnut-brown precipitation, if any salt of copper be present; or decompose the verdigris in the solu- tion by placing in it a clean knife, or a stick of phosphorus, which will appear, after some minutes, coated with metallic copper. Treatment. Administer large doses of syrup, or copious draughts of sugar and water, until the stomach is evacuated by the bulk of the liquid ; and, afterwards, continue the exhibition of sugar or syrup in more moderate doses, combating any inflammatory symptoms that may supervene, by bleeding and other antiphlogistic measures. WHITE LEAD ; see under Sugar of Lead. Test. None- WHITE VITRIOL, (Sulphas Zinci.) A corrosive metallic poison. Symptoms. An acerb taste in the mouth, with a sensation of choaking; nausea and severe vomiting, frequent stools, pains of the epigas- trium and lower belly, difficult respiration, quickened pulse, pale- ness and shrinking of the features, and coldness of the extremities- Death but rarely follows, owing to the vomiting excited in the first instance by the poison. Morbid Appearances. Evidences of intense inflammation of the mucou3 membrane of the stomach and bowels, and occasionally patches of black extravasated blood on the muscular coats of these viscera. Test. Chromate of potass, which throws down in the solution an orange-yellow chromate of zinc. Treatment- Let the patient drink freely of milk, which, besides acting as an emollient, partially decomposes the poison, rendering it more inert. Exhibit emollient clysters, if the poison be not ejected from tho stomach, and have passed the pylorus ; and treat the secondary symptoms by antiphlogistic measures- WOLFSBANE; seo Monkshood. APPENDIX. No. II. ART OF PRESCRIBING MEDICINES. In prescribing a medicine, the following circumstances should al- ways be kept in view :—Age, Sex, Temperament, Habit, Climate, State of Stomach, and Idiosyncracy. AGE. For an Adult, suppose the dose to be ONE or 1 drachm- Under 1 year, will require only.... l-12th 5 grains. 2.........l-8th 8 grains. 3........ _. l-6th JO grains. 4........*.' l-4tb 15 grains. ?.........I-3d 1 scruple. 14.........half half drachm- 20.........2-3ds 2 scruples. Above 21 The full dose .... one 1 drachm- 65 The inverse gradation of the above. Sez. Women require smaller doses than men, and the state of the uterine system must never be ovnrlookcd. Tempera7newt. Stimulants and purgatives more readily affect the sanguine than the phlegmatic, and, consequently, the former re- quire smaller doses. Habits- The knowledge of these is essential; for those in the habitual use of stimulants and narcotics require larger doses to affect them when labouring under disease, whilst those who have habituated themselves to the use of saline purgatives are more easily affected by these remedies. Climate. Medicines act differently on the same individual in summer and in winter, and in different climates- State of Stomach, and Idiosyncracy- The least active remedies ope- rate very violently on some individuals, owing to a peculiarity of stomach, or rather disposition of body, unconnected with tempera- ment. This state can be discovered only by accident or time; but when it is known, it should always be attended to by the practi- tioner. In prescribing, the practitioner should always so regulate the inter- vals between the doses, that the next dose may be taken before the effect produced by the first is altogether effaced; for, by not attend- ing to this circumstance, the cure is always commencing, but ne- ver proceeding. It should, however, also be kept in mind, that medicines, such as tbe mercurial salts, arsenic, &c are apt to accu- mulate in the system ; and danger may thence arise if tiie doses too rapidly succeed to one another. The action also of some reme- dies, elaterium and digitalis for example, continues long after the remedy is left off; and, therefore, much caution is requisite in avoiding too powerful an effect, by a repetition of them even in fli minished doses. 220 PRESCRIPTIONS. [Appenun. Examples of the most usual Forms of Extcmporantous Prescriptions. POWDERS. Narcotic. ft Pulveris conii, gr. ▼, --------glycyrrhiza? radicis, gr- vi. Sit pulvis, ter quotidie sumendus. In scirrhous affections, scrofula, painful old ulcers, &.c. li Pulveris Belladonna? foliorum, gr- i, --------potaasx nitratis, gr- xvi, --------sacchari, gr. ix. Fiat pulvis, hora somni omni nocte sumendus- In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcerations, mania, and epilepsy- Antispasmodic. R Pulveris Valeriana? radicis, Si, --------cinnamomi comp. gr. x. Fiat pulvis, ter quaterve quotidie sumendus. In hysteria, bemicrania, chlorosis. ft Pulveris ipecacuanha? radicis, gr. i, --------soda? subcarbonatis, gr. xii, --------opii, gr. i- Fiat pulvis, octava quaque hora sumendui- Spasmodic asthma, hooping-cough. Tonic. ft Pulveris cinchona;, 3 »» --------cinnamomi comp. gr. x. Sit pulvis, secundis horis in cyatho lactis, absente paroxysmu, sumendus- In intermittents, after the stomach and bowels have been cleared. ft Ferri tartarizati, gr. viii, Pulveris calumba?, 3i. Fiat pulvis, quarta quaque hora sumendus. After diarrhrea, in scrofulous tumours and dyspepsia. Astringent. ft Pulveris catechu extract!, gr-xv, --------creta? comp. cum opio, 3 i. Sit pulvis, post dejectiones singulas liquidus sumendus- In diarrhoea, from a weakened state of the bowels. ft Pulveris kino compositi, gr. x. Pulvis ex cyatho aqua? mentha? viridis sexta quaque hora su- matur. In chronic diarrhoea and intestinal hemorrhages. Emetic. ft Pulveris ipecacuanha?, 3i, Antimonii tartarizati, gr. i. Fiat pulvis emeticus. CafAartt'e- It Hydrargyri submuriatis, gr. iii. Appendix.) PRESCRIPTIONS. 221 Pulveris jalapa?, Sncchari, sing.gr. x. Sit pulvis, vespere vel primo mane sumendus. In bilious fevers, and slimy and obstructed bowels. R Hydrargyri submuriotis, gr. iii, Pulveris scammonia? cnmpositi, gr. xii. Tere in pulverem, quamprinium sumendum. In worm cases. Emmenagogue. ft Pulveris foliorum sabina?, --------zingiberis, aa gr. vii, Soda? boracis, gr- xv. Fut pulvis, bis die sumendus. In amenorrhoea with a languid pulse Diuretic. ft Supertartratis potassa?, 3 ss, Pulveris scilla? siccata?, gr. ii, --------zingiberis, gr. iv. Sit pulvis, octava quaque hora sumendus In ascites. Diaphoretic. ft Pulveris antimonialis, gr. iii, --------tragacantha? comp. gr. x. Sit pulvis, quarta vel sexta quaque hora sumendus- In the commencement of febrile diseases, "fter emptying the sto- mach and bowels. ft Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ii, Testarum praeparatarum, 3ij. Intiine misceantur in pulverem, et divide in doses a?quales de- cern, quarum sumat unam tertia quaque hora. In puerperal fever, after bleeding and the exhibition of a clyster. Expectorant- ft Pulveris ipecacuanha?, gr- vi, --------potassa? nitratis, 3 iss, --------myrrha?, gr. xii. Misce, et divide in doses a?quales quatuor, quarum sumat unam quartis horis. In asthma, and the earlier stage of phthisis pulmonalis- Refrigerant- ft Potassa? nitratis, gr- viii, Pulveris tragacantha? comp. 3 j- Tere in pulverem, quartis horis, in cyatho aqua? vel infusi lini sumendam. In gonorrhoea. PILLS. Narcotic- ft Opii, gr. i- Fiat pilula, hora somni suineuda- To piocure sleep in ordinary cases. §& PRESCRIPTIONS. [Appendix ft Pulveris digitalis, gr. iv, Camphora?, gr. xii, Extracti hyosciami, gr. xviii- Fiant pilula? duodecim. Sumat tres omni noctc In maniacal and spasmodic affections. Sedative. ft Plumbi acetatis, gr. x, Pulveris colchici, gr. xx, --------opii, gr. iii, Mucilaginis acacia?, q. s. Misceoptime, et divide in pilulas asqualcs decern, quarum sumat unam sexta quaque hora. In active hemorrhages- They have also been given in phthisfs ; one pill twice a day, after bleeding- Antispasmodic. ft Opii, gr. ss, Castorei Rossici, gr. visa. Pulveris digitalis, gr. i, Syrupi, q. s. Fiant pilula? dua?, bis vel ter diesumends;. In spasmodic asthma, and dyspnoea. ft Cupri ammoniati, gr. ii, Mica? panis, q. s. Fiant pilula? quatuor. Sumat unam bis quotidie. In epilepsy, gradually increasing the dose. Stimulant. ft Assafoetida? gummi resina?, 3-i, Pulveris zingiberis, 3 ss, Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilula? triginta, quarum sumat tres tortus horis. In palsy. Tonic ft Pulveris rhei, --------zingiberis, aa 3 ss, Extracti anthemidis, 3 i. Fiat massa, in pilulas asqualcs triginta dividcnda, quarum capiat tres ante prandiuin quotidie. Jn dyspepsia and chlorosis. ft Ferri carbonatis, Extracti conii, an 3 i. Distribue in pilulas a?quales viginti-qiiatuor. Sumat duas bis die. In fluor albus and scrofula. Astringent. ' ft Extracti cinchona?, 3 ii, Aluminis, 3 i, Syrupi, q- s. Ut fiant pilulae triginta-sex. Sumat quatuor quarta vel sexta quaque hora. In passive hemorrhages. Cathartic ft Scammonia?in pulv. gr. \\ Extracti Taraxaci- gr. xi\ Appendix.] PRESCRIPTIONS. 223 Fiant pilula? sex, quarum sumat tres bis die- In hypochondriasis and chronic hepatitis. ft Hydrargyri submuriatis, gr. iii, Pulveris jalapa?, gr. ix, Mucilaginis acacia?, q. s. Fiant pilula? tres horasomni sumenda?. To empty the bowels in bilious affections- Emmenagogue. ft Ferri sulphatis, 3j, Potassa? subcarbonati, gr. vj, Myrrha?, 3j, Pulveris aloes compoBiti, 3 ss. Contunde simul, et divide massam in pilulas a?quales triginta. Sumat tres bis quotidie. In amenorrhoea with a languid pulse. ft Pilula? hydrargyri, 3 i- Divide in pilulas sequales quindecim. Sumat unam omui mane et nocte. In suppression of the menstrual discharge- Diuretic. ft Pulveris digitalis, gr. xii, Hydrargyri submuriatis, gr- iv, Opii.gr. iv, Confectionis rosa?, q. s. Fiant pilula? duodecim. Sumat unam octava quaque hora. In hydrothorax, and ascites depending upon visceral obstruction. ft Pilula? hydrargyri, 3 i, Pulveris scilla?, 3 i, Confectionis rosa?, q. s. Fiant pilula? viginti. Sumat unam octava quaque bora- te ascites and anasarca. Diaphoretic- ft Antimonii tartarizati, gr. $, Opii, Hydrargyri submuriatis, aa gr. iss, Confectionis rosa?, q- s. Fiant pilula? dua? horasomni sumenda? In acute rheumatism. ft Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ii, Opii, gr. vi, Camphors?, gr. xxxvi, Spiritus rectificati, min. iii, Confectionis rosa?, q. s- Fiant pilula? aequales duodecim, quarum sumat unam quariu quaque hora- In fovers. Expectorant. ft Pulveris scilla?, gr. xxx, Ammoniaci gum. res. 3 iss. Extract, conii, gr. xxx. Contunde simul, et divide mussain in pilulas equities triginta quarum sumat duns soxtis horie. In ifthma and chronv- catarrh. M 4 22J PRESCRIPTIONS. [Appendix- ft Pilule hydrargyri, 3 i, Divide in piiuias asquales duodecim. Sumat unam mane nocteque. In syphilis, herpetic eruptions, and chronic hepatitis- ft Submuriatis hydrargyri, 3i, Opii, gr. v, Confectionis rosa?, q. s- Fiant pilula? viginti. Sumat unain omni mane et nocte.- In syphilitic cases. Lithontriptic- ft Soda? subcarbonatis exsiccata?, 3 iss, Pulveris cinnamomi comp- 3 ss, Saponis, 3 ss, Balsami Peruviani, q. s. Fiant pilula? a?quales triginta. Sumat ties ter quotidie, In calculous affections. Tonic and Purgative combined. ft Ferri ammoniati, 3 i, Extracti aloes, --------gentians?, aa 3 ss. Contunde simul, et divide massam in pilulas triginta, quarum sumat duas ter quotidie. In dyspepsia, hysteria, scrofula, and mesenteric obstructions. Diaphoretic and Alterative- ft Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, Serpentaria? radicis in pulv. aa 3 i, Syrupi aurantii, q. s. Misce, et divide in pilulas viginti-quatuor, quarum sumat quatuor ter quotidie. In herpetic and other obstinate cutaneous affections. DRAUGHTS. Narcotic. ft Mistura camphora?, f 5 iss, Tinctura? opii, flixxx*, AStheris sulphurici, f 3 i, Syrupi croci, f 3 i- Fiat haustus in promptu habendus, et urgcnte febris paroxystiro sumendus. In intermittent headach- ft Ammonia?subcarbonatis, gr- xv, Succi limonis recentis, f 3 iv, Aqua? distillata?, f 5 i, SpiritUs myristica?, t'3 i, Syrupi aurantii, f 3 ss, Extracti conii, gr- iv. Fiat haustus tor die sumendus. mtuendo de die in diem »-v- Appendix.) PRESCRIPTIONS. , i>25 traeti coiui, gr. i.; donee dosis ad gr- vii. pervenerit in tw gulis haustibus- * In diseases of increased irritability. Antispasmodic. K Mistura? moschi, f3xiv, Liquoris ammonia?, min. xvi, Tinctura? castorei, f 3 i, Syrupi papaveris, f 3 ss. Fiat haustus, quarta quaque hora sumendus. In hysteria and convulsive affections, after the bo.wela have seen effectually cleared. R Olei anisi, fllx, Magnesia?, 3i, Tinctura? senna?, f 3 ii, A(|ua? menthas piperita?, f 3 x. Fiat haustus, urgente flatu sumendus. In spasm of the stomach arising from flatulence. Tonic. R- Infusi cinchona? cordifolia?, f 5 iss, Tinctura! cinchona? composita? f 3 i, Pulveris cinchona? cordifolia?, 3ii, Syrupi aurantii, f 3 ss- Fiat haustus, secunda quaque hora sumendus. In intermittents and acute rheumatism, after purging. R Infusi cascarilla?, f 5 iss, Tinctura? cascarilla?, ■--------zingiberis, aa f 3 i. Fiat haustus bis quotidie sumendus. In dyspepsia arising from intemperance. Astringent- R Extracti hs?matoxyli, gr. xii, Aqua? cinnamomi, f 3 xv, Tinctura? catechu, f 3 i. Fiat haustus, quarta quaque hora vel post dejecfiones singulas liquidas sumendus. In diarrhoeas and protracted dysentery. Emetic. R Pulveris ipecacuanha1, 3i, Vini ipecacuanha?, f 3 ii, Aqua? communis, f 3 vi. Fiat haustus ometicus, quamprimum vel vespere sumendus. For unloading the stomach in otdiuary cases. ft Zinci sulphatis, 3j, Aqua? distillata?, f^ii. Fiat haustus, quamprimum sumendus. In the commencement of the paroxysm of intermittent fevet, or in cases of poisons having been taken into the stomach Cathartic- ft Potassa? tartratis, 3 i, Tinctura? eonius, f 3 i, Infusi senna?, t'3 xviss, Syrupi croci, f 3 ss. \ •226 PRESCRIPTIONS. [Appendu- Fiat haustus, quamprimum vel primo mane sumendus. In acute diseases. ft Magnesia? sulphatis, 3 ii, Infusi rosa?, f 3 iiv, Acidi sulphurici diluti, fllx, Manna?, 3 ii. Fiat haustus quartis h'oris sumendus In inflammatory affections. Diuretic- ft Tinctura? jalapa?, f 3 ii, Aceti scilla?, f 3 i, . Aqua? mentha? piperita?, f 3 viii. Fiat haustus ter in die sumendus. ft Potassa? nitratis, gr. viii, Tinctura? digitalis, fllxvi, Infusi rosa?, f 3xiii, Syrupi rosa?, f 3 i. Fiat haustus ter in die sumendus- In dropsy- Diaphoretic- ft Potassa? subcarbonatis, 3i, Succi limonis recentis, f 3 iv, Antimonii tartarizati, gr. l-6th Aqua? distillata?, f 3 xi, Syrupi papaveris f 3 i. Fiat haustus, quarta vel sexta quaque hora sumendus. ft Liquoris ammonia? acetatis, f3vi, Mistura? Camphora?, f 3 x, Vini ipecacuanha?, fllxx, Syrupi tolutani, f 3 ss. Fiat haustus sextis. horis sumendus. In fevers and inflammatory diseases. Refrigerant. ft Potassa? nitratis, gr. xii, Mistura? amygdala?, f 5 iss, Syrupi tolutani, f 3 i. Fiat haustus quarta quaque hora sumendus. ft Potassa: subcarbonatis, 3i, Syrupi, f 3 ss, Spiritus myristica?, f 3 ss, Aqua? distillata?, f | xi. Fiat haustus, in effervescenfia cum succi limonis cochleari magno, secunda quaque hora sumendus. In fevers and inflammatory diseases. Antacid. ft Magnesia?, 3 i, Aqua? mentha? piperita?, f 3 iss, Tinctura? aurantii, f3i. Fiat haustus pro re nata sumefldus- In heart-burn, and other cases of acidity of the stomach ft Liquoris ammonia?, fllxvi,, Mistura? amygdala?, f \ ii. Appendix-] PRESCRIPTIONS. 227 Tinctura? opii, fllx. Fiat haustus ter die sumendus In acidities of the prima? via?. MIXTURES. Tonic- R Infusi calumba?, f | vss, Tinetura? cinnamomi composita? f 3 ii, Syrupi aurantii, f 3 ii- Fiat mistura, cujus cochlearia duomajora quarta quaque hora sumfitur. In debilities of the digestive organs, and to check the severe vomit- ing which often occurs during pregnancy. .tfstrrn^-ent. ft Catechn extracti, 3 ii, Aqua? cinnamomi, f § viii, Tinctura? opii, flllx. Fiat mistura, cujus sumantur cochlearia tria magna post sin- gular dejectiones liquidus- In the last stage of diarrhoea or dysentery- Emetic- ft Antimonii tartarizati, gr. viii, Aqua; distillata?, f 5 vi, Syrupi mori, f 3 i. Fiat mistura, cujus cochlearia magna duo quamprimum, et octavis minutis donee evomuerit, sumenda. ft Pulveris ipecacuanha?, 3 ss, Antimonii tartarizati, gr. i, Tinctura? scilla?, f 3 i- Aqua? distillata?, f § viiss- Fiat mistura, cujus sumat quamprimum cochlearia majora quatuor, et cochlearia duo sexta quaque parte horse, donee supcrvenerit vomitus- In dropsies, before exhibiting the foxglove. Cathartic- ft Potassa? sulphatis, 3 ii, Aqua? fontana?, f $ vss, Tinctura? jalapa?, f 3 iv. ""x»i ' Sit mistura, cujus sumat cochleariaduo magna omni bihorio Expectorant- ft Mistura? amygdala?, f 3 v, Vini ipecacuanha?, Tinctura? scilla?, aaf 3 i, Syrupi tolutani, f 3 vi. Misce- Sumat cochleare magnum urgente tussi. In humoral asthma, and the latter stage of catarrh Demulcents. R Decocti altha?a? officinalis, f z vi, Syrupi, f - i- ■* PRESCRIPTIONS. [Appendix- Fiat mistura, cujus sumatur tertia pars sexto quaque hnra In calculous cases, and inflammation of tbe kidneys. Detergent Gargle. ft Potassa? nitratis, 3 ii, Mellis rosa?, f 3 iv, Infusi rosa?, f 5 vss. Misce. Fiat gargarisma saepe utenduoi. In inflammatory sore throat. Astringent Gargle- ft Infusi rosa?, f 1 vii, Tinctura? catechu, f3vi. Acidi sulphurici diluti, f 3 i, Tinctura? opii, f3iss. Sit gargarisma sa?pe utendum. la relaxations of the uvula. EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. Lotions- ft Ammonia? muriatis, 3 i, Aqua? fontana?, f 5 v, Spiritus rectifieati, f?i. Misce, utfiat lotiotumori applicanda. In swelled testicle, and other inflammatory tumours. ft Opii, 3 ii, Aceti distillati, f | vi. Tere ut fiat lotio, parti dolenti applicanda. To painful affections of the joints, and in colic Stimulant Embrocation- R Linimentum ammonia? fortioris, f 3 vi, Oliva? olei, f 3 ii- Fiat embrocatio, cum panno laneo faucibus dxternis applir canda. In eynanche tonsillaris. Stimulant and Anodyne Embrocation- ' ft Linimenti camphora? compositi, f 3 ix, Tinctura? lytta?, f 3 i, --------opii, f 3 ii. Parti dolenti applicandum. Te be rubbed over the bowels in colic, cramp, and in naXfj (ions of the joints. POWDERS. R Pulveris gummi acacia?, 5ss, Aluminis, gr. v. Misce diligenter ut fiat pulvis, cujus uisnergatur panxilli super mamillas pro re nata. Jn rorr nipples, to be apjilied after sucklin* tpprudix.] PRESCRIPTIONS. 22! I ft Acetatis plumbi, 3 i, Pulveris cinchona?, 3 vii. Tere, ut fiat pulvis, cujus pauxillum super ulcere: omni mane spergatur. Ter scrofulous ulcers. OINTMENTS. ft Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, 3j, Adlpisf 5 '• % Terediligenter in mortario donee bene misceantur. In ulcerations of the eye-lids. ft Zinci oxydi, 3j, Adipis, \ l. Tere optime in mortario, ut fiat unguentum. In porrigo scutelata. ft Iodine, 3 ss, Adipis, ly Tere optime ut fiat unguentum, cujus pauxillum tumori maneque nocte applicandum. In glandular swellings and incipient bronchocele. ft Antimonii tartarizati, 3 j, - Adipis, fj. Tere ut fiat unguentum. Magnitudo glandis, parti dolenti, omni mane et nocte, esse fricationis, applicanda. As a counter-irritant in the inflammation of internal organs. NAMES of the SPRINGS. >> ca O c8 9 % -3 S GASES. CARBOXiTESOF SDI.PM ATl-s OK | MUKUTKS OF a V B S 1 7, ".S 1 >- -O M -D-d 0 & tic & 13.74 tu M & £ 2 cm M h . Seltzer, 8949 .435 13.068 _ _ 5.22 78.3 6.3? _ _ s £ \ Pyrmont, 8950 — 19.6 — — — 4.3 9. <■ 0.70 — .8.38 5.44 — 1 3 { sPa. 8033 — 9.8 — — i.a5 1.85 4.35 0.70 — — _ — 0.21 _ _ _ •t- ^•^ /Carlsbad, 253M0 — 50. — — 38-5 125 _ 0.14. 66.75 — _ — 32.5 _ _ _ ^.w -_ 165A ^ Kilburn, 13^240 — 64. 30. — — 2.4 1.25 0-3 18.2 13.0 91.0 — 0.0 0.6 2.8 — — <>■ cokf I ^ . 1 Harrowgate, 1031)43 _ H. 19. 7. _ 18.5 5.5 _ _ _ 0.5 _ 615.5 3*: 9 1 ~"~ ■""^ _ "^^~ cold ■f 3 ) Moffat, w.m.>, — 1. 10. 4. _ _ _ _ — — r — 3.6 —* -. - _ _ _ j •f 2 ) Aix-la-Chapelle. .SIMO — — li.06 — — 15.25 5.89 — — — — 6-21 _ _ _ _ _ 143° ■ <% " ' Enghein, 9214)0 — 18.5 70. — — 21.4 6.7 1.35 21. -- — 33.3 41.1 5-8 14.44 — 2.4 —- 8.0 36.5 — — — • — coW I ^ I Seidlitz, 58309 _ 8. _ _ _ - ' •5 ) Cheltenham, 103043 — 30.3 3. 12. — ______ r1 12.5 5. 48.0 40. _ — 5. i_ 12.5 _ _ ,_ "a ) Plombieres, * ( Leamington, 5700 — — — — — ■ IT — 7.83 — -— — 53.75 0.5 28.64 20.10 2-25 — -- — cold ■a S 5 Tunbridgc, 103643 1-4 10.6 * 4. 1. 1.25 «S Toplitz, 22516 — — — — 13.5 *6.5 — 32 5 — — — — til 3 28.5 — — - 15.1 cold w-« Bath, 15360 ._ 2.4 _ _. l.r _ .004 3. IH. _ _ <-.6 -— - - - _ 04 __ 111° a a I Buxton, 58309 — — — 2. - — 10.5 _ __ _ 2.5 — — 1.5 _ _ _ _ _ *>.« fii) Bristol, 58309 — 30.3 — — — 13.5 .— — 11-2 11.7 — — 4. — 7.25 * — _ — 74- 42 fc / Matlock, ,e;l ° c Malvern, 58309 58309 J min. ) ( port. \ 66-•olH &%. % nov r -^oX/' ly.sL. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLM D553M351 2 NLM025343512