REPORT 
OF THE 
|Juwil mJ 
OF THE 
AT 4111 41 
and Moff »Had^hia, 
TO THE 
JVC .A. AT O ZE^, 
FOR THE YEAR 18 70. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE BOARD. 
1871. CONTENTS. 
PAGE. 
Members and Committees, v 
Officers, Executive and Elective vi 
Vaccine Physicians, .......... vii 
Contractors for Cleaning Streets, Collecting Ashes, etc., . . . viii 
General Sanitary Condition of the City, etc., ..... 1 
Lazaretto and Quarantine, 2 
Municipal Hospital, 2 
Street Cleaning, . . . 3 
Report of Vessels Visited during the Year, 6 
Table of Nuisances Visited, and Permits Issued 7 
Report of Vaccine Physicians, 8 
Street Cleaning Districts, >. . . 8 
Appropriations and Expenditures, 11 
Receipts, 15 
Report of Attending Physicians, Municipal Hospital, ... 15 
Report of Port Physician, 26 
Report of Port Physician on Yellow Fever at Lazaretto, ... 39 
Report of Lazaretto Physician, .56 
Annual Report of Health Officer, 67 
Births, 68 
Births Registered during the Year, ..... 69 
Births in each Month, Sex, Color, Twins, etc., ... 69 
" " Quarter, 70 
" " Ward 70 
Average Births per Month, Week and Day, 70 
Marriages, 71 
Marriages Registered during the Year, . ... .71 
in each Quarter, 71 
Nativities of the Parties Married, 71 
Ages of the Parties Married, 73 
Marriages in each Month, with the Ceremonies, etc., . . 76 
Deaths 77. 
Total Interments during the Year, 77 
Interments, with Cause of Death, Sex, Color, etc., . . 80 
Notes on the Causes of Death, 90 
Percentage of Deaths at Certain Ages, 95 
Deaths in each Quarter, 97 
Deaths in each Ward, Percentage, etc., 98 
Deaths in each Week, Wards, etc., 100 
Deaths in each Month-Adults and Children, . . . 102 
Marriages, Births and Deaths, each Month, .... 103 
General Summary of Returns Registered for 10 Years and 6 
Months, 104 MEMBERS AND OFFICERS 
OF 
The Board of Health 
OF THE 
anti part af p!|ilaikl|»f|ia, 
FOR THE YEAR 1870. 
OFFICERS, 
President, Secretary, 
ELIAB WARD, M. D. CHAS. B. BARRETT. 
MEMBERS, 
JAMES STEEL, THOMAS STEWARDSON, M. D„ 
JAMES A. McCREA, M. D., HENRY DAVIS, 
RENE LaROCHE, M. D., CONRAD S. GROVE, 
JAMES WEST, EDWARD BENNETT, 
GEO. MORRISON COATES, SAMUEL T. CANBY. 
STANDING COMMITTEES. 
Sanitary. 
STEWARDSON, BARRETT, BENNETT, La ROCHE, DAVIS. 
Lazaretto. 
STEEL, COATES, GROVE, WEST, McCREA. 
Poudrette. 
DAVIS, BARRETT, GROVE. 
Accounts. Office and Library. 
STEEL, COATES, 
BENNETT, BENNETT, 
CANBY. WEST. 
Burial Grounds and Registration. 
BARRETT, McCREA, STEWARDSON. . 
Street Cleaning. 
DAVIS, STEWARDSON, STEEL, BENNETT, COATES, 
BARRETT, GROVE. VI 
DISTRICT COMMITTEES. 
No. 1.-1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 8th, and 26th Wards, 
COATES, WEST, WARD. 
No. 2.-6th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th Wards, 
McCREA, STEWARDSON, La ROCHE. 
No. 3.-20th, 21st, 22d, 24th, 27th, and 28th Wards, 
CANBY, GROVE, BARRETT. 
No. 4.-16th, 17th, 18th, 19th, 23d, and 25th Wards, 
BENNETT, STEEL, DAVIS. 
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. 
Health Officer, 
JOHN E. ADDICKS. 
■ Port Physician, 
H. ERNEST GOODMAN, M. D. 
Lazaretto Physician, 
J. HOWARD TAYLOR, M. D. 
Quarantine Master, 
J. H. GIHON, M. D. 
ELECTIVE OFFICERS. 
Chief Cleric, 
WILLIAM P. TROTH. 
Assistant Clerks, 
AUGUSTINE T. LYNCH, ROBERT CARNS. 
Legistration Cleric, 
GEORGE E. CHAMBERS. 
Assistant Legistration Clerks, 
CHAS. WIRGMAN, HAM'N PATTERSON, CHAS. W. MURRAY. 
Attending Physician-Municipal Hospital, 
WM. M. WELCH, M. D. 
Steward of Lazaretto, 
LEWIS KUGLER. 
Matron of Municipal Hospital, 
LYDIA TOMLINSON. VII 
Measurers, 
CONRAD B. ANDRESS, 
JOHN S. THACKARA. 
WILLIAM L. WILLIAMS, 
MERRITT GIBSON, 
Nuisance and Street Inspectors, 
PETER K. YOUNG, 
SYLVESTER H. MARTIN. 
Night and Street Inspector, 
JACOB KIPLE. 
Messengers and Street Inspectors, 
ANDREW McDOLE, 
SAMUEL T. MORTON. 
Runner, 
DAVID BROWN. 
VACCINE PHYSICIANS. 
First District Comprising the 1st and 26th Wards, 
J. T. WILLIAMS, No. 1410 Ellsworth street. 
Second District Comprising the 2d, 3d and 4th Wards, 
JOSEPH HERITAGE, No. 33-1 Catharine street. 
Third District Comprising the 5th, 7th and 8th Wards, 
J. G. ALLEN, No. 1237 Spruce street. 
Fourth District Comprising the 6th, 9th and 10th Wards, 
II. LEAMAN, No. 231 North Eleventh street. 
Fifth District Comprising the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th and 15th Wards, 
L. K. BALDWIN, No. 1828 Coates street. 
Sixth District Comprising the 16th, 17th, 20th and 28th Wards, 
S. N. TROTH, No. 1226 North Seventh street. 
Seventh District Comprising the 18th and 19th Wards, 
J. L. RIHL, No. 2009 Frankford road. 
Eighth District Comprising the 23d and 25th Wards, 
F. F. CASSADAY, No. 4450 Main street, Frankford. 
Ninth District Comprising the 21st Ward, 
WILLIAM C. TODD, No. 4407 Main street, Manayunk. 
Tenth District Comprising the 24th and 27th Wards, 
ELISHA CROWELL, corner of Fortieth and Market streets. 
Eleventh District Comprising the 22d Ward, 
ALFRED C. LAMBDIN, No. 211 Price street, Germantown. VIII 
CONTRACTORS FOR CLEANING STREETS, COLLECTING ASHES, &c. 
First District From the north lino of Washington avenue south, all the streets, lanes, 
alleys, Ac., and from Delaware river to west line of Broad street, 
PETER MANTON, 708 South Sixth street. 
Second District From north line of Washington avenue to north line of South street, and 
from Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JAMES COLLINS, No. 1814 Kater street. 
Third District From north line of Washington avenue to north line of South street, and 
from west line of Sixth street to west line of Broad street, 
SAMUEL B. COLLINS, No. 625 South Seventeenth street. 
Fourth District From north line of South street, south, and from west line of Broad street 
to the Schuylkill river, all streets, lanes, alleys, Ac., 
JOHN MoBRIDE, No. 709 South Twentieth street. 
Fifth District- From north line of South street to north line of Chestnut street, and from 
Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JAMES McBRIDE, No. 709 South Twentieth street. 
Sixth District From north line of South street to north line of Chestnut street, and from 
west line of Sixth street to west line of Broad street. 
JAMES CALLEN, 768 South Broad street. 
Seventh District From north line of South street to north line of Chestnut street, and 
from the west line of Broad street to the Schuylkill'river. 
HENRY BICKLEY, 1622 Market street. 
Eighth District From north line of Chestnut street to north line of Vine street, and from 
Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JOHN GALBRAITH, No. 426 North Delaware avenue. 
Ninth District From north line of Chestnut street to the north line of Vine street, and 
from west line of Sixth street to west line of Broad street, 
DANIEL McNICHOL, 123 Jacoby street. 
Tenth District From north line of Chestnut street to north line of Vine street, and from 
west line of Broad street to the Schuylkill river, 
HENRY BICKLEY, 1622 Market street. 
Eleventh District-From north line of Vine street to north line of Poplar street, and from 
Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JOHN GALBRAITH, 426 North Delaware avenue. 
Twelfth District From north line of Vino street to north line of Poplar street, and from 
west line of Sixth street to the west line of Broad street, 
HENRY E. BICKLEY, 1622 Market street. 
Thirteenth District From north line of Vine street to north line of Poplar street, and from 
west line of Broad street to Schuylkill river, 
HENRY E. BICKLEY, 1622 Market street. 
Fourteenth District From north line of Poplar street to north line of Oxford street, and 
from west line of Frankford road along said Frankford road to south line of Laurel 
street, to Delaware river, and from Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JAMES O'ROURKE, 1129 Somerset street. 
Fifteenth District Beginning at Delaware river on south side of Laurel street, along said 
street to west line of Frankford road, along west line of Frankford road to the north 
line of Oxford street, and from north line of Oxford street to north line of Norris 
street, and from Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, 
JAMES O'ROURKE, 1129 Somerset street. 
Sixteenth District From north line of Norris street to north line of Alleghany avenue, and 
from Delaware river to west line of Sixth street, all streets, lanes, alleys, Ac., 
THOMAS D. STITES, 514 Richmond street. 
Seventeenth District From north line of Poplar street to north line of Alleghany avenue, 
and from west line of Sixth street to west line of Broad street, all streets, lanes, alleys, 
Ac., JOSEPH JOHNSON, 1312 Marlborough street. 
Eighteenth District That part of City of Philadelphia lying west of Schuylkill river, 
DANIEL McLAUGHLIN, 3724 Lancaster avenue. 
Nineteenth District From north line of Poplar street to north line of Berks street, and 
from west line of Broad street to Schuylkill river, all streets, lanes, alleys, Ac, 
EDWARD McCAFFREY, 1624 Swain street. 
Twentieth District That part of City lying north of Alleghany avenue, known as Frank- 
ford and Bridesburg, THOMAS D. STITES, 514 Richmond street. 
Twenty-first District That part of the Citv known as Manavunk, 
JAMES CLEGG, Manayunk. REPORT 
OF THE 
■Mill, 
For the Year 1870. 
Office of the Board of Health, 
Philadelphia, February 21, 1871. 
Hon. Daniel M. Fox, 
Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. 
Sir :-In compliance with the provisions of the Act of Con- 
solidation, the Board of Health respectfully submit the following 
REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1870. 
The general sanitary condition of the City has not been as 
favorable as that of the preceding year, the excess of deaths 
amounting to one thousand nine hundred and sixty-four (1,964), 
or 13.20 per cent. 
The valuable and highly interesting statistics furnished by 
the Health Officer, exhibit seventeen thousand one hundred and 
ninety-four (17,194) births, six thousand four hundred and 
twenty-one (6,421) marriages, and sixteen thousand seven hun- 
dred and fifty (16,750) deaths. These tables are of great value 
to the statistician in the United States as well as in foreign 
countries. 2 
LAZARETTO AND QUARANTINE. 
The report of this department for the past year is very im- 
portant, and its record of death at the Lazaretto most sorrowful, 
occasioned by the arrival, in the month of June, of the brig 
Home, from Black River, Jamaica, infected with Yellow Fever, 
spreading disease and death at the Quarantine and its immedi- 
ate neighborhood. Referring to the report itself for all the 
detailed history of this season's Quarantine, the Board of Health 
especially desire to call attention to the death by this virulent 
fever of so many of the officers and employees of the Lazaretto, 
who, with unflinching courage and faithful performance of their 
duty, died at their post; it is proper that their names should be 
recorded. 
WILLIAM S. THOMPSON, ROBERT GARTSIDES, 
Lazaretto Physician. Quarantine Master. 
MRS. EVE KUGLER, MRS. FANNY GARTRELL, 
Stewardess. Head Nurse. 
WILLIAM DILLMORE, CHARLES HANCOCK, 
Gardener. Carpenter. 
WILLIAM HESS, Assistant Gardener. 
MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL. 
The report of this department, under direction of the Board 
of Health, for the past year, is of the highest interest, the fullest 
capacity of the .hospital employed and its great usefulness made 
most apparent; it was mainly filled with patients suffering with 
Relapsing Fever, and while all praise is due, for the faithful 
performance of their duties, to the physicians in charge and other 
employees, very high commendation must be rendered to the Sani- 
tary Committee of our Board, who gave most untiring attention 
to all the unusual demands made upon their superintendence of 
the hospital during the many months that it was filled with the 
poor and sick. This hospital was built and possession taken of 
it in 1865, and up to the 1st of January, this year, has received 
in all 1,014 patients, and of this number 640 were received dur- 
ing the past year. 3 
STREET CLEANING. 
Proposals were invited by the Board in December, 1869, for 
the cleaning of the streets, market-houses, removal of ashes, dead 
animals, etc., for a period of two years, from January 1st, 1870, 
to December 31st, 1871. 
The aggregate number of bids was 285, for the several districts, 
21 in number; the maximum amount of bids per year was 
$242,158; the minimum, $120,777 ; the difference between the 
maximum and minimum, $121,381. 
The Board, after careful examination as to the character of 
the bids, awarded the several contracts in the aggregate to the 
amount of $160,409 per year. Certain bidders were disappointed 
because the Board did not award the contracts to the lowest 
bidder. Application was made to the Court of Common Pleas, 
by J. Duress O'Brien, Esq., for an injunction to restrain the 
Board from awarding contracts except to the lowest bidder. 
The Board was represented by W. L. Hirst and T. J. Barger, 
Esqs. The case was heard by his Honor, Judge Allison, who 
dismissed the application, stating that the Board had a right to 
exercise sound discretion in the awards, and the lowest bidder 
was not necessarily the best bidder by reason of simply being 
the lowest. 
The next step was, John Samuel, Esq., filed a bill in equity in 
the Supreme Court, on behalf of Peter Connqr, Barrett Connor, 
and Daniel Clacking, setting forth that they were lower bidders 
for certain districts than those to whom the Board had awarded 
the contracts, praying the awards should be annulled. The case 
was heard by Chief Justice Thompson. W. L. Hirst, Esq., ap- 
peared for the Board. The Chief Justice dismissed the case, 
sustaining the Board in their action. The Court of Common 
Pleas and the Supreme Court have both decided this important 
question, which has so long stood in the way of the various de- 
partments : " That the lowest bidder is not necessarily the best 
bidder." 
The Board, in the discharge of this unthankful and unsought- 
for duty, have given a very large amount of valuable time, with 4 
an earnest endeavor to bring about the much desired object of 
clean streets, and they believe that under no administration who 
have been charged with cleaning the City, has it ever been so 
thoroughly clean as it has been during the past year. One great 
drawback to the cleanliness of the streets arises from the fact 
that the Gas, Water, and Highway Departments, railroads, 
culvert contractors, all open and pave at pleasure, and leave as 
filthy as suits their convenience. Councils should promptly 
place, by ordinance, all paving under the Highway Department, 
and no opening for any purpose should be made without a per- 
mit from that department, and a record kept, and the depart- 
ment held responsible for the character of the paving, and the 
condition of the street after paving. 
From the best information that can be obtained, there are 
between two and three miles of wooden pavements, and about 
the same of cubical blocks, making altogether between five and 
six miles of smooth pavements; the balance of the paving is 
made up of cobble stone, much of it is sadly out of repair, and 
yet it is but fair to say that it is much improved in repairs during 
the past year. The day is past for cobble pavements and surface 
drainage; the public demand a better character of pavement 
and under-drainage with traps to all the inlets. There are 
nearly three thousand inlets, many of them without traps, and 
that too in the very heart of the City, throwing out in the warm 
season a malaria that engenders disease and death. The great 
thoroughfares will never be satisfactorily cleaned until surface 
drainage and cobble stones are abandoned, and citizens learn by 
experience that there is a penalty for throwing the debris from 
repairs, hoops from groceries, straw from crockery stores, etc., 
into the public streets, as a legacy for the street contractor to 
remove. All this can readily be cured with an efficient police, 
whose duty it should be to arrest and. bring to punishment all 
violators of the City ordinances, as well as to cause the removal 
of all snow from the sidewalks, and the gutters to be opened in 
front of all properties whether occupied or not, together with all 
City property. If a thousand vigilant policemen which the City 5 
is now paying were to lend a helping hand to correct these 
abuses, there would be much less complaint about dirty streets. 
A contractor may clean a street to-day, and an hour after some 
one will throw a lot of dirt from repairs, or a cellar, yard, or 
store, which becomes a nucleus for the accumulation of filth. 
Contractors cannot watch these violators-the police could : how 
can thirteen contractors without police powers remedy what is 
so clearly the duty of the police to prevent on our five hundred 
miles of streets, alleys, and highways? 
The cost for cleansing, estimating there are five hundred miles, 
is about $320 per mile. New York has about six hundred miles 
of streets; cost of cleaning streets, removal of ashes, garbage, 
etc., is $713,500, or about $1,189 per mile, equal to about three 
and a half times as much as Philadelphia. 
Boston has about 191 miles, which includes the consolidation 
of South and East Boston, Roxbury and Dorchester, of which 
there are about 50 miles of paved streets, costing about $240,000 
for cleansing streets, cess-pools, public walks, squares, public 
gardens, etc. 
From the foregoing it will be seen that Philadelphia is cleaned 
at a much less cost per mile than New York or Boston. 
From the past experience it is believed that in future con- 
tracts certain streets should be contracted to be swept at least 
twice a week, others once a week, and again others once a month, 
which would be more satisfactory to the public so long as surface 
drainage and cobble paving are the order of the day. 6 
Report of Vessels visited during the Year 1870. 
British European Ports, - 152 
French « « - - - - 12 
Spanish . " " 14 
Baltic " 10 
German " 34 
Italian " - - - - 46 
West India " .... 460 
East " " 3 
Portugal " - 7 
South American " 26 
Greenland " • - - - - 13 
British N. America " - 104 
Mexican " - 1 
Gulf Ports-U. 8., ----- 40 
922 
Coastwise, ------ 48 
Total, ----- 970 7 
Table of Nuisances visited and abated by order of the Board 
of Health, during the year 1870. 
DESCRIPTION. 
| January. 
| February. 
| March. 
| April. 
J? 
| June. 
July. 
August. 
September. 
| October. 
November. | 
| December. 
| Total 
Alievs and Courts-Filthy.. 
4 
1 
6 
40 
65 
47 
23 
16 
12 
11 
7 
2 
234 
Cellars " .. 
3 
4 
3 
26 
180 
71 
/ / 
61 
21 
10 
16 
8 
480 
Cowand Horse Stables, 11 .. 
1 
1 
4 
11 
11 
5 
3 
3 
1 
40 
Cellar Tenements, " 
14 
1 
1 
16 
Drains & Water courses, De 
fective 
2 
3 
1 
7 
58 
27 
26 
16 
10 
18 
12 
7 
187 
Dead Animals, Offal.filth, &c. 
2 
3 
9 
21 
11 
8 
7 
1 
2 
2 
66 
Drain & Water Sinks, Filthy 
5 
4 
1 
1 
11 
Factories & Dye houses, " 
1 
2 
1 
4 
1 
9 
Fat rendering and Skin dress- 
ing Establishments 
6 
13 
1 
6 
26 
Fish and Bone boiling Est's.. 
1 
1 
4 
2 
8 
Gutters and Streets unpaved 
Filthy 
4 
3 
10 
10 
5 
4 
5 
3 
1 
45' 
Houses and Rooms, Filthy... 
Hogs and Ilog pens, " 
J 
2 
.. 
20 
85 
53 
37 
19 
23 
z 
8 
2 
255 
3 
9 
10 
17 
26 
39 
27 
26 
7 
6 
2 
2 
167 
Manure Heaps and Poudrette 
Pits, Filthy 
5 
1 
3 
29 
24 
29 
18 
9 
5 
1 
1 
125 
Market Houses. Hlthy 
1 
1 
2 
Privy Wells, full & overfl'ng. 
" " leaking, exposed. 
(6 
15 
t 0 
201 
477 
223 
198 
180 
123 
61 
36 
22 
1692 
12 
12 
15 
37 
72 
97 
40 
54 
43 
24 
19 
5 
430 
Rag and Bone Shops, Filthy 
2 
34 
1 
8 
2 
1 
48 
Ponds of Stagnant Water... 
2 
3 
3 
12 
22 
25 
18 
4 
6 
2 
1 
98 
Slaughter Houses, Filthy 
1 
2 
5 
6 
16 
1 
6 
3 
2 
3 
45 
Sheep and Goat Pens, Filthy. 
1 
1 
4 
3 
1 
1 
1 
• 12 
Water Closets, foul & leaking. 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
4 
1 
1 
1 
14 
Water & Drain pipes, leaking. 
...... 
2 
1 
5 
6 
13 
5 
12 
13 
9 
5 
1 
72 
Vacant Lots, Filthy.- 
1 
4 
13 
26 
27 
23 
10 
3 
4 
3 
1 
115 
2 
1 
20 
63 
28 
25 
12 
14 
8 
3 
1 
177 
Miscellaneous 
3 
1 
3 
9 
5 
3 
3 
1 
3 
2 
33 
Totals 
99 
95 
136 
468 
1173 
754 
575 
466 
305 
169 
118 
58 
4407 
Permits issued to clean Privy 
-- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
Wells 
390 
393 
670 
870 
1708 
286 
300 
191 
153 
416 
310 
226 
5913 8 
Report of number of Cases Vaccinated during the year 1870 
Districts. 
Physicians. 
1st. Qr. 
2d. Qr. 
3d. Qr. 
4th. Qr. 
Total. 
First 
J. T. Williams 
24 
184 
89 
297 
Second 
Joseph Heritage 
619 
467 
1,086 
Third 
J. G. Allen 
59 
47 
263 
369 
Fourth 
H. Leaman 
235 
- 
75 
310 
* Fifth 
Wm. M. Welsh 
743 
209 
952 
Sixth 
S. N. Troth 
113 
790 
202 
100 
1,205 
Seventh 
J. L. Rihl 
• 
540 
540 
Eighth 
F. F. Cassiday 
270 
240 
270 
330 
1,110 
Ninth 
Wm. C. Todd 
60 
120 
180 
Tenth 
Elisha Crowell 
295 
295 
254 
297 
1,141 
821 
3,194 
1,345 
1,830 
7,190 
The Street Cleaning Districts of Philadelphia, their Bounda- 
ries, Inlets in each, ^c. 
Districts. Boundaries. Inlets. 
1st. South from Washington avenue, and from Dela- 
ware avenue to Broad street, 150 
Peter Manton, Contractor. 
2d. From Delaware avenue to Sixth street, and from 
Washington avenue to South street, - - 64 
James Collins, Contractor. 
3d. From Sixth street to Broad street, and from 
Washington avenue to South street, - - 89 
Samuel B. Collins, Contractor. 
4th. From Broad street to the Schuylkill river, and 
south from South street, 24 
John McBride, Contractor. 
* The cases returned of the 4th quarter of the 5th District were by L. K. Baldwin, M. D. 
elected Vaccine Physician, vice W. M. Welsh elected Physician of the Municipal Hospital. 9 
Districts. Boundaries. Inlets. 
5th. From Delaware avenue to Sixth street, and from 
South street to Chestnut street, - - - 151 
James McBride, Contractor. 
6th. From Sixth street to Broad street, and from South 
street to Chestnut street, - - - - 135 
James Callen, Contractor. 
7th. From Broad street to the Schuylkill river, and 
from South street to Chestnut street, - - 201 
Henry Bickley, Contractor. 
8th. From Delaware avenue to Sixth street, and from 
Chestnut street to Vine street, - - - 147 
John Galbraith, Contractor. 
9 th. From Sixth street to Broad street, and from 
Chestnut street to Vine street, - - - - 147 
Daniel McNichol, Contractor. 
10th. From Broad street to the Schuylkill river, and 
from Chestnut street to Vine street, - - 160 
Henry Bickley, Contractor. 
11th. From Delaware avenue to Sixth street, and from 
Vine street to Poplar street, - - - - 159 
John Galbraith, Contractor. 
12th. From Sixth street to Broad street, and from Vine 
street to Poplar street, 249 
Henry E. Bickley, Contractor. 
13th. From Broad street to the Schuylkill river, and 
from Vine street to Poplar street, ... 225 
Henry E. Bickley, Contractor. 
14th. From Poplar street to Oxford street, and from 
Frankford road to Laurel street, thence to Dela- 
ware river, and from Delaware river to Sixth 
street, 183 
James O'Rourke, Contractor. 10 
Districts. Boundaries. Inlets. 
15th. From Laurel street thence to Frankford road, 
thence to Oxford street, thence to Norris street, 
and from Delaware river to Sixth street, - - 157 
James O'Rourke, Contractor. 
16th. From Norris street to Allegheny avenue, and 
from Delaware River to Sixth street, - - 172 
Thomas D. Stites, Contractor. 
17th. From Poplar street to Allegheny avenue, and 
from Sixth street to Broad street, - - - 136 
Joseph Johnson, Contractor. 
18th. All west of the Schuylkill river, ... 120 
Daniel McLaughlin, Contractor. 
19th. From Poplar street to Berks street, and from 
Broad street to the Schuylkill river, - - 75 
Edward McCaffrey, Contractor. 
20th. Frankford and Bridesburg, - - - - 15 
Thomas D Stites, Contractor. 
21st. Manayunk, ------- 40 
James Clegg, Contractor. 
22d. Germantown, - - - - - - 11 
Total, 2,810 11 
Appropriations and Expenditures. 
GENERAL APPROPRIATION. 
Amount 
app rop'd. 
Amount 
expended. 
Balance 
merging. 
Ordinance of City Councils, approved 
March 21st, 1870 
$234,710 00 
2,100 00 
1,800 00 
2,000 00 
1,200 00 
2,550 00 
1,200 00 
500 00 
3,960 00 
660 00 
360 00 
3,687 65 
684 15 
393 22 
6,828 30 
400 00 
272 20 
1,377 83 
1 500 00 
1.000 00 
360 00 
712 35 
15 85 
306 78 
171 70 
127 80 
22 17 
Item. 
1. For Salary of Health Officer 
2,100 00 
l,8C0 00 
2,000 00 
1,200 00 
2,550 00 
1,200 00 
500 00 
3,960 00 
660 00 
720 00 
4,400 00 
700 00 
700 00 
7,000 00 
400 00 
400 00 
1,400 00 
1,500 00 
1 000 00 
2. For Salary of Chief Clerk 
3. For Salary of two Assistant Clerks 
4 For Salary of Registration Clerk 
5. For Salaries of three Assistant Regis- 
tration Clerks 
6. For Salary of Port Physician 
7. For Salary of Runner 
8. For Salaries of four Nuisance Inspect- 
ors and two Messengers 
9. For Salary of Night Inspector 
10. For Salaries of two Vessel Inspectors, 
from June 1st to October 1st 
11. For pay of ten Vaccine Physicians and 
ten Collectors 
$5,000 00 
600 00 
By transfer to Items 26, 27, 31 and 32, 
approved September 28th, 1870 
12. For Fuel, Furniture, Repairs, Postage 
and Incidentals 
13. For Printing. Advertising, Books, News- 
papers, Blanks and Stationery 
14. For Removal of Nuisances 
15. For Carriage Hire and Railroad Tickets 
for District Committees 
16. For Carriage IIi>e and Railroad Tickets 
for Burial ground and Poudrette Com- 
mittees, and for expenses incurred in 
executing the Poudrette Laws 
17. For ti»e use of the Committee on Regis- 
tration in executuig the Registration 
Act. and for expenses of office ; also, 
for Books, Stationery, Blanks and Ad- 
vertising 
1,200 00 
200 00 
Transfer from Item 52. approved Decem- 
ber 6th 187 0 
1R For Salary nf Lazaretto PhyRician 
19 For Salary of Quarantine Master 
$34190 00 32 473 35 
1,716 65 12 
Appropriations and Expenditures-Continued. 
GENERAL APPROPRIATION. 
Amounts brought forward 
Amount 
approp'd. 
$34,190 00 
1,200 00 
240 00 
2,700 00 
150 00 
110 00 
100 00 
1,000 00 
500 00 
600 00 
200 00 
1,300 00 
3,400 00 
8,550 00 
200 00 
300 00 
Amount 
expended. 
32,473 35 
1,200 00 
240 00 
2,700 00 
108 67 
105 97 
100 00 
998 95 
479 06 
599 85 
138 20 
1,231 18 
3,397 53 
8,540 32 
198 65 
289 54 
Balance 
merging. 
1,716 64 
41 33 
4 03 
1 05 
20 94 
15 
61 80 
68 82 
2 47 
9 68 
1 35 
10 46 
Item.. 
20. For Salary of Steward, Lazaretto 
21. For Salary of Gardener, Lazaretto 
22. For Salaries of Bargemen (or Tugman) 
and Engineer, Lazaretto 
23. For Salary of Male Nurse. Lazaretto.... 
24. For Salary of Female Nurse, Lazaretto. 
25. For Salary of Watchman, Lazaretto 
26. For Clothing, Bedding, Brushes. Furni 
ture, Soap, Cleansing and Incidentals, 
Lazaretto 
$600 00 
400 00 
Transfer from Items 11 and 43, approved 
September 28th, 1870 
27. For Medicines, Lime, Coffins and Burial 
Expenses. Lazaretto 
300 00 
200 00 
Transfer from Items 11 and 43, approved 
September 28th, 1870 
28. For Coal, Oil, Paints, Fluid, Flags, 
Boats and Repairs, Lazaretto 
29. For Carriage Hire and Railroad Tickets 
for Lazaretto Committee 
30. For Board and Washing the Clothing of 
Bargemen. Nurses, Patients and Of- 
ficers. Lazaretto 
1,200 00 
100 00 
Transfe# from Item 52, approved Decern 
ber 6th, 1870 
31. For General Repairs to Buildings, 
Grounds and Appurtenances, and for 
Taxes and Insurance, Lazaretto 
Transfer from Items 11 and 43, approved 
September 28th, 1870 
2,500 00 
600 00 
300 00 
Transfer from Item 52, approved Decem- 
ber 6th, 1870 
32. For Outside Channel Visits, and taking 
vessels to Quarantine, and for Quarters 
for Boats and Bargemen (including 
the purchase and maintenance of a 
Steam Tug Boat) 
8,250 00 
200 00 
100 00 
Transfer from Items 11 and 43, approved 
September 28th, 1870 
Transfer from Item 52, approved Decem- 
ber 6th, 1870 
33. For Carrying Mails, Porterage and 
Postage, Lazaretto 
34. For Ice and filling Ice House, Lazaretto. 
Amounts carried forward 
$54,740 00 
52,801 27 
1,938 73 13 
Appropriations and Expenditures-Continued. 
GENERAL APPROPRIATION. 
Amount 
approp'd. 
Amount 
expended. 
Balance 
merging. 
Amounts brought forward 
$54,740 00 
2,000 00 
500 00 
240 00 
840 00 
480 00 
300 00 
300 00 
500 00 
3,100 00 
500 00 
1,500 00 
800 00 
500 00 
300 00 
1,200 00 
1,200 0C 
52,801 27 
1,996 67 
500 00 
165 60 
740 00 
440 00 
240 00 
290 83 
371 50 
2,887 48 
495 18 
1,080 61 
752 23 
348 94 
101 94 
920 08 
1,171 37 
1,938 73 
3 33 
74 40 
100 00 
40 00 
60 00 
9 17 
128 50 
212 52 
4 82 
419 39 
47 77 
151 06 
198 06 
279 92 
28 63 
Item. 
35. For Medical Attendance, Municipal Hos- 
pital 
36. For Salary of Matron, Municipal Hos 
pital 
37. For Salary of Laundress, Municipal 
Hospital 
38. For Salaries of two Male Nurses, Muni 
cipal Hospital 
39. For Salaries of two Female Nurses, 
Municipal Hospital 
40. For Salary of Fireman, Municipal Hos- 
pital 
41. For Salary of Watchman, Municipal 
Hospital 
42. For Salaries of two Gardeners, Munici- 
pal Hospital 
43. For Board and Washing for Patients, 
Nurses and Officers, Municipal Hos- 
pital 
$3,900 00 
800 00 
By transfer to Items 26, 27, 31 and 32, 
approved September 28th, 1870. 
44. For Clothing, Bedding, Furniture, Re- 
pairs and Incidentals, Municipal Hos- 
pital 
45. For Fuel, Lights, Brushes, Soap, Cleans- 
ing and Incidental Supplies, Munici- 
pal Hospital 
46. For Medicines, Coffins and Burial Ex- 
penses, Municipal Hospital 
47. For Carriage Hire and Railroad Tickets, 
Conveyance of Patients, Tolls, Porter- 
age and Postage, Municipal Hospital. 
48. For General Expenses of Sanitary Com- 
mittee, Printing, Blanks and Station 
ery, Municipal Hospital 
49. For Purchase of Horses, Vehicles and 
Harness, and for the Keep of and Re- 
pairs to the same, Municipal Hospital 
50. For Taxes, Insurance and General Im 
provements and Repairs to Buildings 
Grounds and Appurtenances, includ- 
ing the Maintenance of Telegraph 
Municipal Hospital 
Amounts carried forward 
$69,000 0C 
| 65,303 7C 
3,696 30 14 
Appropriations and Expenditures-Continued. 
GENERAL APPROPRIATION. 
Amount 
approp'd. 
Amount 
expended. 
Balance 
merging. 
Amounts brought forward 
Item. 
51. For Pay of Contractors for Cleansing the 
Streets and Markets, and Removing 
Ashes. Dead Animals and Garbage 
therefrom 
52. For Siationery and Printing, Street 
Cleaning, &c 
By transfer to Items 17,30.31 and 32, 
approved December 6th, 1870 
53. For Salaries, Street Cleaning, &c 
54. For Incidentals, Street Cleaning, &c 
$2,000 00 
700 00 
$69,000 00 
159,910 00 
1,300 00 
3,000 00 
1,500 00 
65,303 70 
159,611 37 
538 02 
2,860 00 
820 25 
3,696 30 
298 63 
761 98 
140 00 
679 75 
Total..., 
$234,710 00 
229,133 34 
5,576 66 
SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS. 
Amount 
approp'd. 
Amount 
expended. 
Balance 
merging. 
Ordinance to make an Appropriation to 
defray expenses incurred or to be in 
curred by the Board of Health in the Re- 
moval of Nuisances in the Infected Dis- 
trict. the Treatment of Patients affected 
with the Relapsing Fever, and the em- 
ployment of additional Nurses and other 
Employees at that Institution, approved 
Juno 29th, 1870. t 
$10,000 00 
20,000 00 
9,979 05 
18,097 41 
20 95 
1. Ordinance to make an Appropriation for 
defraying expenses incurred or to be 
incur red by the Board of Health in 
the Removal of Nuisances, the Treat- 
ment of Patients at the Municipal 
Hospital, the employment of addi- 
tional Nurses and other Employees 
at that Institution, approved July 
5th, 1870 
1,902 59 
RECAPITULATION. 
Ordinance approved March 21st, 1870 
Ordinance approved June 29th, 1870 
Ordinance approved July 5th, 1870 
$234,710 00 
10,000 00 
20,000 00 
229,133 34 
9,979 05 
18,097 41 
5,576 66 
20 95 
1.902 59 
Total 
$261,710 00 
257,209 80 
7,500 20 15 
Receipts during Year 1870. 
Foreign fees, ----- $6,160 00 
Coasting " - - - - - 505 00 
Examination of passengers, - - - 271 50 
Outside channel visits, - 2,040 00 
Repayment of costs, - 5,258 80 
Board of patients, - 190 98 
Licenses to clean privy wells, - - - 2,400 00 
Permits " " 6,971 00 
" to remove dead bodies, - - 768 00 
" to unload fish, hides and vegetables, - 97 50 
Miscellaneous, ----- 523 93 
$25,186 71 
Amount of liens placed in the hands of City Solicitor 
for collection during the year 1870, - - $5,283 67 
Municipal Hospital, 
Philadelphia, January, 1871. 
Charles B. Barrett, Esq., 
Secretary Board of Health. 
Sir:-From the first of January, 1870, to the thirty-first of 
August following, a period of eight months, at which time my 
connection with the Hospital ceased, there were received for 
treatment five hundred and ninety patients, with the following 
diseases, viz : 
Relapsing Fever, colored,24®^ - - - 490 
Typhoid Fever, - 20 
Yellow Fever, - - - - 2 
Scarlet Fever, ... - 3 
Irritative Fever, ... - 1 
Small Pox, ----- 2 16 
Varioloid, ----- 7 
Chicken Pox, .... 1 
Ship Fever, ----- 2 
Drunkenness, - 21 
Delirium Tremens, - - - - 7 
Measles, ----- 2 
Bronchitis, ----- 1 
Consumption of Lungs, ... 2 
Chronic Alcoholism, ... 1 
Diarrhoea, - 1 
Erysipelas, ----- 1 
Debility, ----- 6 
Leucocythemia, .... 1 
Pleurisy, ----- 1 
Congestion of Lungs, ... 1 
Whooping Cough, - - - - 3 
Pneumonia, ----- 1 
Congestion of Brain, - - - 1 
Admitted without Disease, - - - 12 
Total, .... 590 
NATIVITY OF PATIENTS. 
United States, - - - - 415 
Ireland, - - - - - 138 
England, - - - - - 11 
Scotland, .... - 7 
Wales, 2 
Germany, - - - - - 10 
West Indies, .... 4 
Switzerland, .... 1 
France, ..... 2 
Total, .... 590 17 
SEX. 
Male, 284 
Female, ----- 306 
Total, .... 590 
COLOR. 
White, 329 
Colored, - - - - - 261 
Total, .... 590 
DEATHS. 
White-Male. 
Typhoid Fever, ... - 7 
Relapsing Fever, - 1 
Yellow Fever, - 1 
Congestion of Brain, - 1 
Delirium Tremens, - - - - 1 
Inanition, ----- 2 
- 13 
White-Female. 
Relapsing Fever, - - - - 3 
Typhoid Fever, ... - 3 
Ship Fever, ----- 1 
Bilious Dysentery, - - - - 5 
Debility, ----- 4 
Consumption of Lungs, ... 2 
Chronic Alcoholism, - 1 
Delirium Tremens, - - - - 1 
Leucocythemia, ... - 1 
Old Age, ----- 1 
Hemorrhage from Bowels, - - - 1 
Inanition, - - - - 1 
Acute Dysentery, - 1 
- 25 18 
Colored-Male. 
Relapsing Fever, .... 48 
Typhoid Fever, .... 2 
Debility, ----- 1 
Syphilis, ----- 1 
- 52 
Co lored-Fem a le. 
Relapsing Fever, - - - - 14 
Debility, - 1 
• Congestion of Lungs, ... 1 
Old Age, . . . . . 1-17 
Total deaths, - - - 107 
Percentage of deaths, Relapsing Fever (White), - - 1.6 
" " " " (Colored), - - 25.4 
Aggregate percentage, Relapsing Fever, ... 13.4 
Percentage from all causes (White), - . - - 11.5 
" " " (Colored), ..... 26.4 
The visitation of Relapsing Fever to our City during the 
present year, occurring as it did (and always does) among that 
class who are never prepared to contend against the inroads of 
an epidemic, and who are, moreover, obnoxious to the most 
depraved forms of disease, devolved upon the Board of Health 
a great amount of labor. 
The few sporadic cases that occurred in the early part of the 
year did not attract sufficient attention to warrant the belief 
that the disease would become epidemic to any great extent. 
When, however, the cases began to multiply, in what subse- 
quently became known as the " Alaska district," among a class 
who yearly fill the wards of the Almshouse, and who naturally 
sought that institution upon the first appearance of sickness in 
their midst, it soon became apparent that the facilities for the 
proper management of the disease did not exist in the building, SICK THREE DAYS BEFORE ADMISSION. 
Frank Hare; Aged, 12 Years; Disease, Relapsing Fever. 
Name, John O'Brien; Aged, 16 Years; Disease, Relapsing Fever. 
Name. Edward Parker; Aged, 27 Years; Disease, Relapsing Fever. 
TEMPERATURE. 
Colored.-lidapse a few hours after Upth day of disease.-Discharged. 
TEMPERATURE. 
White.-Relapse occurred on the l^h day of the disease. Discharged. 
temperature. 19 
crowded as it usually is with material from which this fever is 
developed. 
It wag, therefore, an obvious necessity that some other place 
should be selected where this class of patients could be treated 
without jeopardizing the health of a greater number of persons 
than would be absolutely required to minister to their wants. 
Such an institution was found in the Municipal Hospital 
under the jurisdiction of the Board of Health. 
There being but few patients at the time under treatment in 
the hospital, the entire building was thrown open for the recep- 
tion of Relapsing Fever cases, the first of which wTere admitted 
on the 30th of April, and continuously thereafter, all who were 
removed from their homes for treatment were sent to this insti- 
tution. 
And it is, therefore, a matter of gratification to know that the 
disease became completely controllable when the entire manage- 
ment of the epidemic (for such it had then become) was assumed 
by your Board. 
But a small proportion of cases (not T\j) occurred beyond the 
limits of what was known as the infected district, and the disease 
in a portion of this small percentage was directly traceable to the 
fact that the victims were in the habit of frequenting the vile 
haunts which infest the locality. If it were possible to trace the 
history of each case separately it would probably be found that a 
still smaller number than has been estimated, originated beyond 
the prescribed limits. 
If this statement is not true to the extent claimed, the facts so 
far as ascertained are sufficiently important to indicate a means 
at least for the partial restriction of the disease. 
The natural suggestion would be to isolate the district and 
remove the sick to a point where infection would cease to be 
pernicious. Such a course having been pursued, and the marked 
control under which the fever wras kept after active interference 
was assumed, is a great experience gained considering the un- 
prepared condition we were in for the efficient management of 
such an epidemic. Unprepared, not for want of means and 20 
appliances, but from want of knowledge of the nature and charac- 
ter of the disease. The difficulties in the accomplishment of the 
results that were attained do not consist in the removal of the 
sick and their treatment in an isolated locality; they are to be 
found in the people themselves who are the first victims to this 
malady, their mode of living, their filthy and intemperate habits, 
their overcrowded houses and cellar tenements. The removal of 
the inmates of a dwelling, provided they are sick and willing to 
go, is not difficult, but to prevent the occupancy of the house by 
a fresh lot of these nomadic wretches requires the most unceasing 
vigilance. 
It was from this cause, to a great extent, that the disease was 
kept alive so long. The records of the hospital show this to 
have been the case; from a single number in Alaska street, at 
regular intervals, a fresh batch of patients would arrive. I refer 
to this subject here for the reason that under present enactments 
your Board does not possess sufficient authority to efficiently cope 
with an epidemic which requires the indiscriminate removal of 
sick and well from so poisonous a locality as the "Alaska district " 
proved to be. 
To speak to-day of the necessity of an active supervision by 
the Health Department over the crowded and filthy tenement 
houses of many sections of our city, is but to reiterate an urgent 
need that has long been apparent, and the absence of which 
seriously hampered the arrangements that it was found necessary 
to adopt for the extinguishment of Relapsing Fever in the 
stronghold that it had selected. The pernicious effects of over- 
crowding in badly ventilated houses and damp cellars is so 
fully recognized and universally accepted, that it seems super- 
fluous even to state the fact. The remedy is at once suggested. 
But little was known about Relapsing Fever in this country 
prior to the recent epidemic, but now, at least in this City, it 
has become a familiar disease to the majority of our physicians. 
As this report does not claim in any respect to be a treatise on 
the fever, it will be sufficient to enumerate a few of the marked 
peculiarities of the disease which may serve as diagnostic aids. 21 
The attack is frequently sudden, the patient sometimes falling 
while at his usual vocation, as though he had received a blow 
on the head-intense headache being one of the first symptoms, 
followed by muscular and arthritic pains; obstinate, bilious 
vomiting; heavily furred tongue with red edges and a triangular 
patch of redness at the tip, and greatly increased heat of skin. 
The symptoms that are seldom absent in this stage being the 
headache, in the first instance, accompanied by the muscular and 
arthritic pains. I consider these two conditions as almost 
pathognomonic. 
The patient generally remains without much change or 
amelioration in his symptoms for a period varying from four to 
seven days, usually about five days, when a decided crisis super- 
venes, ushered in by a profuse perspiration so copious as to 
thoroughly saturate the bed clothing; from this condition he 
emerges, after a few hours, completely changed; his pulse from 
being 140 drops down in some instances as low as 40, the tem- 
perature of the body from 1 06° falls as low as 92° ; the head- 
ache is gone, the tongue is moist and begins to clean from the 
edges, the appetite returns and the patient expresses himself as 
being entirely well but for the pains in the limbs, which pains 
gradually subside for a few days to return with the relapse, and 
seldom leave him until the disease is entirely eradicated. 
During the period intervening between the crisis and the 
relapse, it is difficult to convince the patient that he has not 
entirely recovered; he cites his craving appetite, and his ability 
to eat with relish everything that is placed before him, while 
his constant demand is for meat and strong food. He is able to 
assist in many duties about the hospital, and imagines that he 
is unnecessarily detained for this purpose. But when the four- 
teenth day from the date of attack arrives, he begins to feel that 
he is not entirely through with the disease, his face becomes 
flushed, the headache returns, the muscular pains increase, the 
tongue gets dry and commences to coat, vomiting sets in, and in 
short the disease appears to repeat itself, though usually with an 
amelioration of all the symptoms. 22 
The relapse is generally of shorter duration than the first 
attack, the fever not continuing longer in the majority of cases 
than three days, and frequently not more than twenty-four hours, 
terminating as in the first instance in a free perspiration, though 
not so profuse. Notwithstanding that the acute symptoms are 
milder in the relapse than in the first stage, the reaction is not 
so decided. 
The patient complains of great debility, his appetite is not so 
good, the muscular and arthritic pains are more severe, he does 
not evince the same disposition to leave his bed, and nothing 
more is heard about undue detention in hospital. In the ordi- 
nary course of the disease the twenty-first day from the date of 
attack usually finds the patient entirely convalescent and com- 
pletely recovered, provided a second relapse doesnot take place; 
and my experience at the hospital in the treatment of four hun- 
dred and ninety cases convinces me that under proper circum- 
stances a second relapse is of very rare occurrence. Less than 
three per cent, of the entire number treated relapsed the second 
time, while but one patient escaped the relapse on the fourteenth 
day, but only to have it on the twenty-eighth day. 
The uniformity and regularity with which the relapse occurs 
is one of the most remarkable features of the disease. I never 
knew it fail to make its appearance at the prescribed time except 
in the one instance above cited. 
The symptoms and course of the disease, as I have attempted 
to give them from personal observation, are those of a well 
marked case of Relapsing Fever as found among that class of 
white patients ordinarily sent to a hospital. 
This fever, like all diseases, has its complications, but with 
all the fever is none the less marked. Epistaxis occurs fre- 
quently during the first stage, more rarely in the second and 
third, but without apparently exerting any modifying influence. 
When complicated with jaundice, as occasionally happens, the 
case assumes a more serious character, with a tendency after the 
relapse to degenerate into bilious dysentery. This class of cases 
is usually difficult to manage from the fact that they are gen- 23 
erally the result of excessive dissipation. Infrequently the dis- 
ease becomes typhoid in its tendency, but seldom in the early 
stages. By keeping in view the well-marked and distinctive 
features of the fever the complications are readily recognized. 
As it affects the white subject the disease is not a serious one, as 
the percentage of mortality will show, but when the patient is 
colored it assumes quite a different character. In its ordinary 
course it is the same in both classes, but in the majority of col- 
ored cases it presents symptoms of a totally different nature. 
Accompanying the initial fever, and in addition to the ordinary 
symptoms detailed above as occurring in the first stage, we find 
great epigastric tenderness and tumefaction extending to both 
hypochondria. 
The slightest pressure over this region produces the most in- 
tense pain, and so agonizing and distressing is it that all other 
derangements are lost sight of or scarcely noticed by the patient. 
These cases almost invariably prove fatal-generally in the 
first stage-and rarely reach the period of relapse. In a few 
cases this condition did not occur until the relapse, but with the 
same mortality. It constitutes the distinctive feature in the 
disease between the two classes, creating so wide a difference 
both in its nature and results as almost to lead to the belief that 
the two are not identical. The percentage of mortality in one 
class being 1.6 per cent., while in the other it is 25.4 per cent., 
a remarkable and unaccountable difference from the same cause. 
A post-mortem examination in these cases revealed congestion 
of the stomach, liver and lungs, with engorgement and enlarge- 
ment of the spleen if death occurred early in the disease, but if 
the fatal termination was delayed for a period of eight or ten 
days the latter organ was found completely disintegrated. 
I submit the following notes of post-mortem examinations in 
a few cases as illustrating the general condition of the viscera. 
Lewis Gibson (colored), age 40; laborer; admitted to hospital 
July 25. Diagnosis, Relapsing Fever; died July 27. Autopsy 
July 28 : Rigor mortis well marked; the cavity of the thorax being 
opened, the pleura covering lungs anteriorily was found normal; 24 
on the sides it was very adherent, to such an extent as to render 
the removal of the lungs quite difficult. Lungs-in size normal; 
on inspection looked bluish black-posteriorily quite black ; 
little emphysema; on handling, felt soft, and on rolling between 
fingers and thumb, a number of millet seed bodies could be felt. 
Upon section a brownish fluid could be readily pressed out. 
Heart-pericardium healthy; organ itself large, flabby; sub- 
stance of heart wall dark, gelatinoid clot found on right side. 
Liver-normal; gall bladder filled. Stomach-much congested, 
particularly cardiac end; substance softened, containing a 
quantity of black semi-coagulated fluid not unlike faeces; pyloric 
end extending into duodeuum bathed with dark blood. Intes- 
tines-small, healthy, slight ulceration of lowrer portion of large. 
Spleen-very much enlarged and indurated ; weight twenty-one 
and a half ounces. Kidneys-soft; certical substance broken 
down. 
History of this man, received from an acquaintance in ward, 
shows him to have been very intemperate. 
John Brown (colored), age 27 ; huckster; admitted to hospital 
July 30; died August 4th. Diagnosis, Relapsing Fever. 
Autopsy, August 4th: Lungs-congested ; firm pleuritic ad- 
hesions. Heart-gelatinoid clot in right side, otherwise normal. 
Spleen-increased in size, soft and disintegrated; impossible to 
remove it. Stomach-slightly congested and filled with a dark 
semi-coagulated liquid. Liver-congested. Kidneys-normal. 
Intestines-normal. 
Walter Howell (colored), age 43; laborer; admitted to hospital 
May 24. Diagnosis, Relapsing Fever; died June 2d. Autopsy, 
June 2d: Extensive congestion of stomach; engorgement of 
liver, and complete disintegration of spleen-the organ being 
simply a mass of grumous blood. 
John Stevens (colored), age 30 ; laborer; admitted to hospital 
May 30th. Diagnosis, Relapsing Fever; died June 2d. 
Autopsy, June 2d : Spleen-very much enlarged and indurated ; 
weight seventeen ounces. Congestion of stomach and liver. 
Joseph Tilhmau (colored), age 51; laborer; admitted to hos- 25 
pital June 7th. Diagnosis, Relapsing Fever; died June 8th. 
Autopsy, June 8th: Spleen-engorged and very much softened ; 
bilious infiltration and congestion of lungs; gelatinoid clot in 
right ventricle. In all the post-mortem examinations (colored), 
the same general conditions were observable as stated in the 
above selected cases, which have been taken indiscriminately 
and without reference to any theory in regard to the disease. 
But one white patient died with symptoms at all analogous 
to those accompanying the fatal cases among the colored 
patients, and in this case no opportunity was given for a post- 
mortem examination, as the friends took charge of the body 
immediately for burial. 
The disease, as it ordinarily manifests itself, requires but little 
treatment; usually in the first stages a single dose of cathartic 
medicine; the sulphate of magnesia, being well adapted to most 
cases, whether of constipation or diarrhoea, was used almost 
exclusively at the hospital. In not over half the cases treated 
did constipation exist, diarrhoea being quite as frequent a con- 
dition of the early stages. 
After the exhibition of a cathartic, patients were usually 
placed upon a turpentine mixture every four hours, containing 
about four drops of the oil to each dose, this frequently alterna- 
ting with a fever mixture until the period of crisis, when quinine 
in tonic doses was prescribed, and the patient allowed to drink 
freely of porter and ale. 
Such was the general plan of treatment pursued in the 
ordinary cases, continuing the same course as in the beginning, 
when the relapse set in. The various complications were treated 
as they arose and as the symptoms presented themselves. In 
the colored, the acute inflammatory condition of the spleen was 
treated by wet cupping and blisters, with a slight mercurial ex- 
hibition in some instances, otherwise the treatment was much 
the same as in the white patients, except that quinine was 
more sparingly used. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 
J. HOWARD TAYLOR, 
Physician in Charge. 26 
Municipal Hospital, 
Philadelphia, January, 1871. 
To the President and Members of the Board of Health. 
Gentlemen :-I have the honor to submit the following 
statement of the working of the Municipal Hospital, from Sep- 
tember 1st to December 31st, 1870, inclusive, viz.: 
Number of patients in the Hospital September 1st, 
1870, ------ 8 
Admitted from September 1st to December 31st, 
1870, inclusive, - - - - 50 
Total, ..... 58 
Discharged, - - ... - 46 
Died, - - - - - 8 
Eloped, - - - - - 1 
Total, ----- 55 
Remaining in the Hospital January 1st, 1871, - 3 
Of those admitted their diseases were as follows: 
Relapsing fever, - - - - - 35 
Varioloid, - - - - 5 
Variola, - - - - - 2 
Yellow fever, - - - - 2 
Typhus fever, - - - - - 1 
Delirium Tremens, - - - 1 
Pleurisy, - - - - - 1 
Intermittent fever, - - - - 1 
Enteritis, - - - - - 1 
Scarlatina, - - - - - 1 
- 50 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 
W. M. WELCH, 
Physician in Charge. 
To the President and Members of the 
Board of Health of Philadelphia. 
Gentlemen :-I have the honor to respectfully submit a re- 
port of my duties and experience in connection with Relapsing 
Fever, which became epidemic in this City last spring, in the 
locality known as the Alaska street district. 27 
The boundaries of this district may be said to extend from 
Lombard street south to Catharine street, and from Fifth street 
west to Eighth street. The most pestilential fever nests were 
located in the centre of this space on Alaska street, and the 
various courts and alleys opening on this street, between Sixth 
and Eighth streets, which locality is principally occupied by our 
most degraded population, and a resort of vagrants, tramps, and 
the debauched of the City. 
It is impossible to give an accurate number of those who 
suffered with Relapsing Fever during this epidemic in this dis 
trict, and throughout the entire City, that must ever remain 
a matter of speculation. I estimate that no less than five 
thousand cases occurred in Philadelphia, during the year end- 
ing September 1, 1870, with two hundred deaths. One hun- 
dred and fifty-two deaths from Relapsing Fever are on record in 
the office of the Register of your Board, for that period. 
Before September 1, 1869, this fever was practically unknown 
to the profession in the United States, as it has heretofore been 
confined to the poorly fed and overcrowded of European cities, 
particulary those of Ireland, Scotland, and England. Only 
during the past year has it become one of the well-recognized 
contagious fevers of our large American cities. 
The history of Philadelphia shows no instance of the occur- 
rence of Relapsing Fever before September 1, 1869, except 
those cases reported by Meredith Clymer, M.D., in 1844, as im- 
ported from Ireland, in June of that year, in a Liverpool 
packet. Fifteen steerage passengers of this packet were treated 
in the Philadelphia Almshouse Hospital by Dr. Clymer, and 
several at the Penn Hospital, by Dr. Pepper, for Relapsing 
Fever, but there was no spreading of the disease. 
Our medical literature, previous to the past year, was almost 
silent upon this subject, and it is not a matter of surprise that the 
epidemic obtained such headway, before being generally noticed 
by the profession, particularly, as the resemblance to our Southern 
fevers is so decided, and malarial fevers are of so frequent oc- 
currence in cities and places where ten years ago they were 
almost unknown. 28 
It is very much to be regretted that Section XXV., Act 1818, 
of our Health Laws, which requires every physician of Philadel- 
phia to report to the Health Officer any patient laboring under 
a pestilential or contagious disease, " Measles excepted," which 
may come under his observation, is almost a dead letter, as few 
physicians ever make such reports. 
An early knowledge of the prevalence of this fever by your 
Board would no doubt have saved considerable money to the 
City, and untold suffering, misery, and destitution to a large 
class of people little able to bear the deprivation, by sickness, of 
the results of their daily labors. 
The origin of Relapsing Fever here, I feel confident, cannot be 
determined, as sporadic cases occurred at first in extreme and 
different sections of the City at the same time, and without any 
apparent communication. 
Dr. Harris of New York, in the Medical Record March 1st, 
1870, believes the fever was imported there, and did not arise 
de novo. My experience here leads me to an entirely different 
conclusion, as no case among the hundreds examined could I 
trace origin to any imported cause. 
To all my inquiries, the same testimony has been given by 
many of those who treated the earliest cases. In the October 
number of American Journal of Medical Sciences for 1870, Dr. 
John S. Parry, in an article on "observation on relapsing fever," 
describes several cases occurring before January, 1870, in this 
City. 
The first, that of a woman living in a narrow, illy ventilated 
and much overcrowded alley, running back from Quarry street, 
west from Bread street, which is between Second and Third streets, 
and Arch and Race streets. 
Dr. Parry's first case was taken sick September 8th, almost 
two months before the earliest case occurred in New York, as 
reported by Dr. A. Clark in the New York Medical Record, 
March, 1870. 
If imported, it will be observed that it appeared in both cities 
at about the same time, recognized here first, but as an epidemic 
much earlier in New York. This fact probably partly depends 29 
upon the greater facilities the New York Board of Health have 
of becoming early acquainted with contagious diseases through 
their admirable system of medical sanitary inspection. The first 
death from Relapsing Fever, as recorded in the office of the Reg- 
ister, occurred in Frankford, February 26th; the second and 
third cases occurred in the Almshouse. For week ending March 
26th, four deaths, all in the Almshouse, and three as follows: 
March 24th, at No. 1111 Charles street, Second Ward ; March 
28th, at 222 north Twenty-second street, Tenth Ward; March 
30th, 2009 Summer street, Tenth Ward. 
Week ending April 16th four deaths, three in the Almshouse, 
and one April 8th at 1124 Christian street, Third Ward. 
We are too apt to look to importation as a cause of many 
diseases, and to entirely overlook the "epidemic atmosphere" 
and the condition of places and people, which renders them liable 
to epidemic diseases. 
Relapsing Fever must have had some sporadic origin, as its 
history shows its entire disappearance for a period of ten to 
twelve years, and then suddenly spring up into epidemics. 
If it could thus originate in European cities, why not here, 
when we must admit that our sanitary measures are, if any- 
thing, inferior to many cities abroad ? 
I firmly believe if we made as diligent search for the local 
causes of epidemics, and remove them, as we make and enforce 
laws against importation of diseases, we would render localities 
and cities untenantable for epidemics. 
Starvation, destitution, filth and overcrowding, separately con- 
sidered, cannot be the cause; as of all examined no case was 
found to be at the point of starvation, and one family of five 
mutes were the only ones found who could be said to be almost 
at that depth of poverty. 
Filth, of itself, was not a cause, as some of the filthiest fami- 
lies even in Alaska street district were entirely exempt; the 
same can be said of overcrowding. Where, however, the condi- 
tion of overcrowding, filth, destitution, poor and irregular diet 
existed, Relapsing Fever found a home to spread from inmate 30 
to inmate, and from room to room. The tramps and vagrants 
exemplify this class, and suffered accordingly. 
It was so apparent that it was a noticeable fact, that when the 
epidemic was at its height, the accustomarily seen street loungers 
were absent sick in hospital. When the epidemic was over, 
many of these who did not die, returned to their old accustomed 
corners on the pavement to sleep off the furnes of rum and to- 
bacco. 
I was told by several reliable persons, that my course of send- 
ing this class to hospital was creating considerable feeling among 
the low groggeries in the neighborhood, as they were losing all 
their customers. 
The origin of the fever in this city must, therefore, as I have 
already stated, remain a matter of speculation. The cause of 
its becoming epidemic was most apparent. Overcrowding, filth, 
destitution, an impoverished and irregular diet, with intemper- 
ance, was the condition necessary to propagate this epidemic. 
This condition was most decided in this locality, and it is 
a subject of wonder that Relapsing Fever has been so long com- 
ing to the people of this district, and that Typhus has not made 
a permanent home there. For misery, degradation and filth, 
the locality is on a par with the worst localities of Dublin, Edin- 
burgh and London, and a disgrace to a city which boasts of its 
charities and republican government. 
Few have any idea of the wretchedness and degradation that 
prevailed among those who suffered with the fever in this dis- 
trict, and to what a fearful extent overcrowding is carried. 
Cellars and apartments, not large enough for from two to five 
individuals comfortably, have been constantly occupied with 
from ten to twenty lodgers. 
To show the destitution which prevailed among those sent to 
hospital, I am confident that out of 722 admitted to Almshouse 
and Municipal Hospital, twenty could not be found able to pay 
for their board. 
The first notification of sickness of a contagious nature received 
by the Board of Health, and referred to me for investigation and 31 
report, was in a letter received April 26th, without date, signed 
by .a citizen, calling attention to a destitute colored man and 
woman at No. 11 Cross alley, north of St. Mary's street; these 
cases I reported as Remittent Fever in a Typhoid state, and re- 
commended them to be sent to the Almshouse; they proved to 
be Relapsing Fever. 
April 27th, by request of the Health Officer, Mr. Addicks, I 
visited Alaska street to see several cases reported by Drs. Barr 
and McShane, who had medical charge of the Bedford street 
mission dispensary. I found ten cases of fever in the cellars and 
alleys immediately surrounding the mission house; six others 
had been removed to the Almshouse Hospital. I visited the 
zllmshouse to see the cases said to have been sent there, and 
found them under more favorable circumstances for examina- 
tion and diagnosis. Dr. Rhoads, attending physician, stated 
that up to April 27th, there had been 160 cases of Relapsing 
Fever received in his wards, of which 90 acute cases were then 
under treatment. 
In letter of April 28th, I stated these facts to your Board, 
showed that an epidemic of Relapsing Fever really existed in 
that district, and recommended the Municipal Hospital to be 
opened for the reception of Relapsing Fever patients, all cases to 
be sent there as fast as they should occur. The fever nests, after 
removal, to be whitewashed and to remain vacant for at least 
two weeks ; all cellars in Alaska street and lodging cellars in 
the neighborhood to be closed indefinitely, after thorough puri- 
fication; houses to be all whitewashed, cesspools to be cleaned, 
and a systematic daily policing of streets, washing of gutters, 
&c., &c., with the appointed additional medical help. 
These radical measures were at once authorized by your 
Board, and persisted in until the fever ceased to be epidemic, 
about August 1st. 
The following, taken from the monthly reports to your Board, 
for May, June and July, will show some of the work done by the 
Executive and Medical Officers of the Health Office, under the 
supervision of your Sanitary Committee, during this epidemic: 32 
Number of visits of inspection made in the Alaska 
District, 1,537 
Number of visits of inspection made in other localities, 290 
Patients examined, ------- 930 
Patients examined and prescribed for, - - - 348 
" sent to Municipal Hospital, - - - - 526 
" " " living in Alaska st., 313 
" " " " other localities, - 102 
" " " " vagrants, - - 61 
" " " " unknown, - - 50 
Houses recommended to be cleaned, disinfected, &c., 
May and June, 377 
Houses recommended to be cleaned, disinfected, &c, 
closed, 55 
Cellars recommended to be cleaned, disinfected, &c., 
May, 33 
Rooms recommended to be cleaned, disinfected, &c., 
May, - - - - 16 
Privies, &c., cleaned, disinfected, &c., ... 300 
This was only part of the work accomplished in connection with 
this epidemic; if the whole amount of labor daily performed, 
such as cleaning streets and alleys, using disinfectants, white- 
washing houses and fences, vacating apartments, cleaning cess- 
pools, stable, &c., &c., could have been recorded in detail, the 
labor performed by the Health Officer, Physicians, Clerks and 
Inspectors, under the direction of the Board of Health, would 
show a much great enumeration than above. 
There was one feature in connection with my duties in this 
locality, which afforded me no little satisfaction, the want of 
water supply there was very much needed, and it occurred to me 
to write to Dr. Swann, President of the Fountain Society, June 
15th, stating the condition of the locality. He made an appeal 
through the churches, and before two or three weeks passed 
round, several fountains were in the neighborhood and constantly 
used, much to the comfort and benefit of many of the wanderers 
who haunt this district. 33 
Dr. Swann deserves the thanks of the community. The sym- 
toms, treatment, results and mortality, among the patients with 
Relapsing Fever sent to the hospital, I will leave to those who 
had the hospital care of the sick. In regard to nationality, the 
fever was almost exclusively confined to colored, and the Irish 
or their descendants. 
During June and July, of 295 patients sent to the hospital, 63 
were born in the United States, mostly of Irish parentage; 101 
in Ireland, 3 in Germany, and 128 colored Americans. I cannot 
think that the Germans are to be more exempt from this fever 
than others under the same circumstances: First, because few 
Germans live in this locality; Second, because we all know that 
bread and tea diet so universal among the Irish, is not the main 
dependence of the Germans. The colored suffered more than 
any others, and with them the disease was unsually fatal. 
This fact cannot be accounted for, except that like the Irish, they 
appear to tolerate overcrowding, irregular and impoverished 
diet. The same condition of despondency, or complete giving up, 
was observed among the colored sick, as was noticed by all who 
had medical charge of colored troops during the rebellion, which 
fact, no doubt influenced the mortality. 
In regard to the contagious nature of Relapsing Fever, I have 
every proof necessary to establish it beyond a doubt. For 
example: 
Lodging house, 707 south Broad street, locality healthy ; house 
filthy, to an extreme degree; third-story rooms occupied by nine 
grown persons; one 8 by 12 feet, the other 12 by 18 feet; wife 
nursed a brother sick with Relapsing Fever, who was brought 
from Wagner's alley, Alaska street; five contracted the disease 
after various periods of incubation, and all were finally sent to 
hospital. A healthy girl from the neighborhood visited these 
rooms while the sickness continued, contracted Relapsing Fever, 
was isolated, and no contagion followed. 
No. 1121 Christian street was occupied by eighteen persons 
in six small rooms ; locality healthy; house overcrowded and 
dirty ; first case, was a young man who was in the habit of stay- 34 
ing out from Saturday until Monday; came home one Monday 
with fever; it first went through his family of six, and then to 
other families, until thirteen had the disease. The last was a 
healthy woman, who had been hired to clean the house, July 
5th, and on the 9th was sent to the hospital with fever, after 
four days' incubation. 
No. 513 south Sixth street, was occupied in May by a family 
who had the fever and were sent to the hospital. House was 
cleaned, disinfected and closed. Without permission it was again 
rented to a clean, respectable and healthy family, all of whom 
contracted the fever and were sent to the hospital Numerous 
other instances, and those of doctors, nurses, attendants and 
ambulance drivers, might be cited to prove its contagious pro- 
perties here, but space will not permit. 
The extent of the impoverishment, suffering, tardy convales- 
cence, death and misery caused by this epidemic, must necessarily 
remain unwritten history. It is gratifying to know that much 
suffering and the duration of the epidemic was evidently short- 
ened by the thorough system of isolation of patients, closing of 
infected houses, and other sanitary measures instituted and 
carried out by your Board. 
The history of Relapsing Fever shows that its epidemics have 
generally lasted two or more years and the mortality has always 
been greater towards the end qf such epidemics. 
This fact, in connection with that of the present weekly record 
of deaths from Relapsing Fever in our midst, should be sufficient 
cause for the gravest apprehension of a similar outbreak during 
the coming spring. The intensely cold weather also makes over- 
crowding with no ventilation a necessity among the poor, which 
was the fruitful cause of the spreading of fever last year. 
Typhus, the twin sister of Relapsing Fever, also is assuming 
an unpleasant prominence in our weekly record of deaths. If 
the lessons taught by this epidemic be properly applied, and the 
necessary legislation obtained to place and keep the City in a 
proper hygienic condition, all the money expended and suffering 
endured during its continuance will not have been in vain. I 35 
hope therefore I may be excused if, in concluding this Report, 
I make such suggestions as appear to me necessary to prevent 
epidemics of Relapsing and Typhus Fever, in future stamp out 
certain diseases, and lessen our death rate. 
All who understand the Health laws, most of which may 
have been no doubt very proper when made in 1818, must admit 
many defects of vital importance when compared with cities of 
this country as well as with those abroad. 
I would earnestly recommend legislation, looking to a thorough 
codification and reform in our Health laws; some changes which 
appear most important to me, none of which, however, are 
original, as they are in operation in other and foreign cities, I enu- 
merate as follows: 
First. The absolute abolition of surface drainage and cess- 
pools. 
Second. The satisfactory drainage and paving of all courts 
and alleys with flag stone instead of cobble. 
Third. The improving of houses of the poor by insisting on 
the introduction of water, and gas, the cleansing of the common 
stair, and performance of necessary repairs. 
Fourth. The diminution of overcrowding of the population 
by limiting the number of persons in each apartment; stating 
number of cubic feet of air necessary for each person, regulation 
of ventilation and water' supply, removal of all tenements in a 
ruinous condition, and thorough surveillance of lodging houses 
and tenements by appropriate medical officers. 
Fifth. Absolute prevention of cellars being used as lodging 
and sleeping apartments, except on special written permission of 
Board of Health. 
Sixth. The construction of all sewers with necessary traps, 
etc., for their regulation in regard to their flushing out at stated 
intervals, and their construction in such a manner as will look 
to the future prevention of their contents flowing into the rivers, 
and ultimate utilization of the sewage. 
Seventh. The daily collection of ashes and garbage in over- 
crowded localities, the weekly or semi-weekly collection in other 36 
places, and strict enforcement of penalties against throwing 
refuse into the streets and cess-pools. 
Eighth. The institution and regulation of public urinals. 
Ninth. The thorough inspection of the City by competent 
medical assistants appointed by your Board, whose duty, in ad- 
dition to weekly inspections, would be to vaccinate and prescribe 
for all the poor in their districts, and send contagious cases to 
municipal hospital, and others to almshouse, or such other hos- 
pital or colleges as may be designated, and such other necessary 
medical work as may be required. 
Tenth. The regular sanitary inspection of cow stables, pig 
stys, horse stables, slaughter houses, etc., etc., and enforcement 
of necessary rules in regard to cleanliness and disposal of offal. 
Eleventh. The prevention of erection of all houses or buil- 
dings where business prejudicial to health will be carried on, 
without first obtaining permission and license from the Board of 
Health. 
Twelfth. The locating, license and surveillance of all houses 
of prostitution, the register of inmates and their inspection by 
medical officers, the proceeds to be applied solely towards their 
reform, and for the support of the sick of this class, and such 
other regulations as may lessen the evils and prevent diseases. 
Thirteenth. The medical inspection of butchers' meats, fruit 
and vegetables, is also an object of much hygienic importance, 
although I have given it very little attention, and do not speak 
from personal experience. 
The epidemic atmosphere during the past year was most ap- 
parent everywhere. With us it only required the overcrowded 
and destitute of Alaska street to produce Relapsing Fever-and 
the defective cess-pools and drainage of Sw7anson street and 
Krider's alley to cause Yellow Fever; thereby endangering many 
valuable lives in the community. Such and other additions to 
our Health laws would in a great measure render our City un- 
tenantable for such epidemics in the future if properly enforced. 
Surface drainage, the present system of cess-pools, and of 
paving gutters, courts, and alleys, will always be a great detri- 
ment to the health of the City, causing Cholera Infantum, with 37 
its hundreds of victims annually, Typhoid, Typhus, and under 
certain conditions of atmosphere, Cholera and Yellow Fever. 
Our poor should be better housed and not subject to the ex- 
tortionate demands of landlords, without some adequate return 
in the way of necessary repairs, supply of water, and paving of 
yards. The inspection by competent medical officers of all such 
tenements and lodging houses would prevent overcrowding, and 
the inhabitants from sickness and epidemics. 
These medical officers of Health could in addition be vaccine 
physicians, out-door physicians, and the recognized head to whom 
every poor person in distress in the district could apply and find 
relief. 
I found a great want of proper medical advice among this 
class, and have seen several deaths no doubt from want of 
knowledge how to get destitute sick into the Almshouse for 
treatment. Some sick have been so sent " from post to pillar," in 
endeavoring to obtain admission, that I have finally sent them 
to the hospital for contagious diseases, to save them from star- 
vation and death. 
These things are little known outside of this class, and it is 
only by the appointment of efficient medical men, with the 
necessary compensation, having under your Board all the charge 
of inspecting localities, visiting, prescribing for, and sending the 
sick among the poor to the proper hospital, dispensary, or col- 
lege, that this state of things can be avoided. 
Why the poor should not have the benefit of special hos- 
pitals, suited to their respective cases, as is done in many Euro- 
pean cities, will always be to me a matter of surprise. Such 
arrangements could be made with all the private hospitals, col- 
leges, and charities, at no doubt less expense than at present; 
if not, it would remove the odium of the Almshouse among the 
worthy poor, and the old saying, " Rattle his bones over the 
stones, he is only a pauper nobody owns." 
Your Board, through the daily or weekly report of such in- 
spection, would become early acquainted with diseases apt to 
become epidemic, and could apply means for their prevention. 38 
If such a system had been in successful operation here, I believe 
the expense of this epidemic might have been much lessened. 
The daily collection of garbage and slop from the inhabitants 
of poor districts would be a source of great convenience, and of 
much sanitary importance, obviating the present necessity of 
throwing offal in the streets, in preference to waiting for the 
tardy rounds of the voluntary slop man. 
If pig stys were under strict rules in regard to cleanliness, 
hogs, which are excellent scavengers, might be tolerated in 
many localities from which they are now banished every season. 
Some of the sanitary defects of the City can only be remedied 
at great expense, and are for the future. The satisfactory dis- 
posal of the sewage will, before long, be a matter of necessity, 
as it has become in London, and all engineering of sewers should 
have this end in view, else in time our surroundings will be as 
unhealthy as Rome, and our rivers as offensive as the Liffy in 
Dublin, the Clyde at Glasgow, and the Thames in London. 
The object of these recommendations is to deal with those ob- 
stacles to the well being of society which are apparent or lie on 
the surface. No one, however, can visit our poorer districts 
without being impressed with the close connection which exists 
between outward filth and inward depravity, and the ready facil- 
ities there presented for the origin and rapid growth of vice in 
all its forms. 
It is gratifying to know that the improvement of the sanitary 
condition of localities will have a corresponding influence of 
raising the moral and social condition of these inhabitants. 
Our philanthropists and missionaries have faithfully labored 
in these places, and have no doubt been surprised at the poverty 
of their results; we need not wonder at this when we reflect upon 
the disadvantage with which they have to contend. 
The laborers are often so poorly lodged that to inhale the atmos- 
phere of their houses is enough to produce a lethargy of all the 
moral and physical senses; so overcrowded in their sleeping 
places that the outward decencies of life cannot be maintained ; 
home so cheerless and devoid of all comfort-to escape from TABLE No. 1. 
Table of Yellow Fever Cases, contracted at Sea and at the Lazaretto, from brig Pome, from July 17th to August 26th, 1870, in the numerical order, ^c., in 
which they occurred. 
d 
NAME. 
& 
© 
CQ 
M 
M 
M 
M 
M 
M 
M 
F. 
M 
M 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M 
M 
M 
F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M 
M 
M 
F. 
F. 
M 
M 
F. 
F. 
F. 
M 
M 
M 
M 
F. 
| Nativity. 
Where Contracted. 
■ Date of attack. 
Where Attended. 
| Days sick. 
Black vomit. 
Died. 
Recovered. 
Previous health. 
Duration of Exposure and how Exposed. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
11 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
3f 
J. P. Ellingsworth 
(cook and steward). 
John Phillips, captain 
Stephen Bennett, pilot 
Jos. J. Elliott, sailor 
George Griffiths, 2d mate... 
Oliver Pierre, sailor 
Thos. Doggett, waterman.... 
Mrs. Jane Doggett 
Francis Hoolehan 
W. H. Sylvester, stevedore., 
(colored). 
Ann Sharp, servant 
Mrs. Borden 
Mrs. Ennis 
John Cavister 
Jacob Pepper 
Dr. W. S. Thompson 
(Lazaretto Physician). 
Mrs. Kugler 
(wife of steward). 
Fanny Gartrell, nurse 
Miss S. Thompson 
Mrs. Thompson 
Mrs. Clendening 
Charles Hancock 
William Dillmore 
Robert Gartsides 
Mary Johnson 
Mrs. Pepper 
William Harrison 
William Hess 
Mary Riddle* 
E. Miller* 
Mrs. Miller* 
B. F. Miller* 
D. W. C. McGuinn 
W. F. Carpenter 
Dr. J. II. M. Forwood* 
Sarah,servant* 
30 
46 
58 
21 
30 
22 
20 
54 
16 
24 
26 
58 
83 
35 
52 
52 
42 
50 
12 
40 
37 
23 
50 
40 
52 
42 
26 
36 
12 
35 
7 
39 
50 
27 
19 
u. s. 
England 
U. S. 
44 
44 
France... 
u. s. 
Ireland.. 
U. S. 
a 
44 
Ireland.. 
u. s. 
44 
44 
44 
u 
Ireland.. 
u. s. 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
Ireland.. 
England 
U. S. 
Ireland.. 
At sea, while on brig Home 
44 44 44 44 
On brig Home while pilot 
On brig Home at Quarantine 
Quarantine 
511 Swanson, removed to 833 Swanson 
On barge James Kirk, at gov. wh'f, Laz'o.. 
<« 44 44 44 44 
44 44 44 44 44 
On brig Home while stevedore 
Pepper's house, 140 yds. from gov. wharf... 
44 44 <4 44 44 44 
« <4 44 44 44 <4 
On barge Madison, at government wharf... 
Pepper's house, 140 yds. from gov. wharf... 
At Quarantine grounds 
" " hospital 
" " grounds 
At Quarantine 
At Pepper's house 
At Quarantine 
44 <« 
44 4' 
At Pepper's house 
44 44 «4 
At Quarantine 
44 44 
44 <4 
Outside of Quarantine, south 
44 44 44 
44 44 44 * 
Quarantine hospital 
44 44 
June 10. 
" 17. 
" 30. 
July 2.. 
" 3.. 
" 11.. 
" 14.. 
" 15.. 
" 15.. 
" 17.. 
" 22.. 
" 22.. 
" 23.. 
" 24.. 
Aug. 1.. 
" 2.. 
" 2.. 
« 3.. 
" 4.. 
" 5.. 
» 6.. 
« 6.. 
" 6.. 
" 6.. 
" 6.. 
" 6.. 
" 8.. 
about 
Aug. 12.. 
" 16.. 
" 20.. 
" 21.. 
" 22.. 
" 24.. 
" 24.. 
" 26. 
" 26.. 
At sea 
44 44 
Hotel cor. Del. av. and South street 
Quarantine hospital 
Norfolk st., near Front, No. 46 
Municipal hospital, from July 19 
Quarantine hospital, from July 19 
44 <k w 
44 44 44 44 
" " " July 17 
At Pepper's house and one mile distant 
At Pepper's house 
44 44 44 t 
Quarantine hospital 
Pepper's house 
House of Lazaretto Physician in q'e gr'ds.. 
Steward's apartments, quarantine hos'l 
Nurses' " " " ... 
House of Lazaretto Physician " ... 
« " " at quarantine 
One mile north of Lazaretto 
f At 97 Morris st. until 5th day, when ) 
( removed to municipal hospital. J 
Hospital of Lazaretto 
House of quarantine master at Lazaretto.. 
Pepper's house 
44 44 
1130 O'Neill street, Kensington 
f At home, ) 
( 1028 Tasker street. J 
At home, Highland av., W. Philadelphia.. 
300 yards south of Quarantine 
44 44 44 
Quarantine hospital 
44 *« 
44 44 
6to7 
4 
3 
7 
6 
8 
7 
6 
6 
6 
8 
5 
12 
8 
7 
6 
4 
3 
3 
3 
14 
3 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
No.... 
No........... 
No 
No 
Yes 
Yes 
Yes 
No 
Yes 
fYes 
No 
No 
Unknown. 
No 
Yes 
No 
No 
No 
NO 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
No 
June 24. 
July 5 
July 6. 
July 22. 
" 23. 
July 29. 
July 28. 
Aug. 7. 
10. 
7. 
" 10. 
Aug 18. 
" 14 
" 13. 
" 12 
Aug. 12. 
Sept. 8. 
Recovered. 
Recovered. 
Aug. 10.... 
July 26 
" 25... . 
July 28 
Aug. 20 
Recovered. 
44 
Recovered. 
Recovered. 
Aug. 23 
" 31 
" 31 
" 31 
Sept. 24.... 
Recovered. 
Sept. 1.... 
Healthy 
Hard drinker.. 
Healthy 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
44 
Old, healthy... 
Healthy 
44 
( Somewhat 
< broken from 
(mal. fever. 
Healthy 
44 
Broken health. 
Healthy 
44 
f Healthy, had 
I mal. fever. 
/Had mal. di. 
( several w'ks. 
Delicate 
44 
Healthy 
44 
44 
44 
( Broken from 
I s. pox, rel. fe. 
j 01d,fat&br<>- 
( ken in health 
Healthy 
Had int. fever. 
Unknown, while at Black River, Jamaica. 
Ct a u « 
About five days, while pilot of brig Home. 
" thirty " from leaving Ja. on brig Home. 
44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 
44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 
" four •* after coming alongside brig Home. 
« u Ci « << «( « if 
U Ct « « « « « 
" one " " brig Home came to wharf. 
f 6 days after brig Home came within 140 yards 
1 of house; was also at vessel. 
44 44 44 44 44 
7 44 44 44 44 
8 days after coming alongside of " Home." 
17 « « «i£ome" came to 140 yds. of house. 
f 34 days from first visit to "Home18 days from 
! arrival at wharf; 31 days from visiting first 
1 patient, light case; 14 days from visiting se- 
L vere cases ; house 250 yds. from gov. wharf. 
f 18 days after "Home" came to wharf; 4 days af- 
I ter assisting at Pepper's house in attendance 
| on Mrs. Ennis, and passing within 50 yards of 
[ brig Home. 
f 19 days from arrival of " Home" to wharf; 30 
< days from nursing slight case of fever ; 14 
( days from nursing severe cases of fever. 
( 20 days from arrival of " Home" to within 250 
( yards of house. ■, 
21 days from arrival of " Home" to within 250 yds. 
4 hours exposed at funeral of Mrs. Ennis, July 31. 
f 22 days from arrival of " Home" to wharf; was 
I carpenter of station. 
f 22 days from arrival of " Home" to wharf; was! 
( gardener at station. / 
j- Same exposure as Dr. Thompson. 
13 days after coming to the Pepper House. 
22 days after " Home" came within 140 yards. 
3 days exposed, from July 31, at Pepper House. 
f 10 days exposed, from July 19, as gardener at 
( Lazaretto. 
J 6 days exposed, from August 7 ; was at Mrs. 
I Kugler's funeral at Lazaretto. 
j37 days from "Home" coming within 300 yds. 
t Father was on the " Home" daily. 
44 44 44 44 44 
44 44 44 44 44 
110 days from entering station as nurse. 
। 44 44 44 44 44 
19 " " entering Lazaretto, as Physician in 
Charge, August 7. 
•Case of very doubtful diagnosis. fBlack alvine discharge. 
TABLE No. 2. 
Table of Yellow Fever Cases contracted in Swanson street locality, in Philadelphia, from August 8th to September 8th, 1870, in the numerical order in which 
they occurred. 
^4 
S 
4* 
*3 
© 
NAME. 
Where Contracted. 
Where Attended. 
44 
•2 
3 
o 
*© 
REMARKS. 
© 
© 
Al 
o 
| No 
© 
GO 
aS 
§ 
a? 
o 
cS 
S 
© 
s 
© 
0) 
© 
1 
Alexander Campbell 
M 
Unknown 
Aug. 8.. 
1739 South street 
4 
No 
Aug. 12.. 
Healthy... 
Was Night Inspector United States Customs. 
2 
John Lyon 
44 
M 
Ireland.. 
Krider's court, Swanson street district 
" 10.. 
8 George place, near Krider's court 
9 
Yes.... 
" 19.. 
« 
Was laborer employed unloading vessels. 
3 
Stephen Allen 
35 
M 
N.Scotia 
f On board ship Carrolton, from Fal-1 
( mouth, N. S., lying at Reed st. wharf. J 
" 18.. 
Pennsylvania Hospital 
5 
" 22.. 
Sailor; history unknown. 
4 
James Collins 
60 
M 
U. S. 
Rear of 738 Swanson st., or Krider's alley.. 
" 27.. 
Rear 738 Swanson street, Krider's alley.... 
6 
No 
Sept. 2.. 
« 
Laborer among shipping. 
5 
54 
F. 
Germa'y 
736 Swanson street 
* 30.. 
736 Swanson street - 
4 
No 
" 3.. 
Lived in 1st floor room on Krider's alley. 
6 
39 
F. 
Ireland.. 
744 " " 
" 30.. 
744 " « 
4^ 
Yes.... 
" 3.. 
Had abortion before death. 
7 
58 
F. 
Germa'y 
720 " " 
Sept. 4.. 
720 " « and Municipal Hosp'l... 
4 
Yes.... 
« 8.. 
("Lived filthily, and walked about house until 12 hours 
( before death. 
8 
56 
F. 
Ireland.. 
511 Penn street 
" 4.. 
511 Penn street 
7 
Yes.... 
" 11.. 
House clean. 
9 
56 
F. 
Ireland.. 
503 " " 
" 4.. 
503 " " 
7 
Yes.... 
Sept. 15.. 
" dirty and overcrowded. 
10 
35 
F. 
Ireland.. 
517 " " 
" 5.. 
517 " - 
3 
Yes.... 
Sept. 8.. 
11 
Robert Gorrell 
35 
M 
Ireland.. 
734 Swanson street 
" 6.. 
Back of 731 South Seventh street 
6 
Yes.... 
" 13.. 
<• 
Worked at trade of ship smith at 731 Swanson st. 
1'2 
Jos. M. King 
29 
M 
u. s. 
748 « " 
" 6.. 
720 Swanson street 
4 
Yes.... 
" 10.. 
13 
Michael Dowlin 
32 
M 
Ireland.. 
407 Penn 4< 
" 6.. 
407 Penn street, back 
8 
No 
Sept. 24.. 
44 
Locality filthy; house overcrowded. 
14 
19 
F. 
u. s. 
20 South " 
" 6.. 
Municipal Hospital 
20 
fYes... 
" 26.. 
Worked in second-hand clothing establishment. 
15 
32 
M 
Ireland.. 
Mead alley and Swanson street 
" 6.. 
Cor. Mead alley and Swanson st.. No. 5 
13 
Yes.... 
" 19.. 
■< 
Taken sick in Delaware bay; waterman. 
16 
40 
F. 
Ireland.. 
407 Penn street 
" 7.. 
407 Penn street, back 
8 
No 
Sept. 15.. 
44 
Locality filthy; house overcrowded. 
17 
i 
35 
F. 
Ireland. 
" «< 44 
" 8.. 
" " " front 
2^ 
Yes.... 
" 11.. 
44 
44 44 <4 <4 
tSpat blood. 39 
which they are exposed to the temptations of the many groggeries 
which infest such places, and which render it a heartless task to 
talk to such of "righteousness, temperance or judgment to come." 
If we wish to raise our poor from degradation, to educate and 
make them useful citizens of this great Republic, we must first 
attack that which lies on the surface, for until their dwellings 
are rendered habitable, and they are taught outward cleanliness, 
we cannot expect their deeper natures to be stirred, or that they 
will become a class of citizens of sufficient morality or intelli- 
gence, with whom to entrust the destinies of our country or our 
republican institutions. 
Very respectfully, 
Your Obedient Servant, 
H. EARNEST GOODMAN, 
Jan. 1, 1871. Port Physician. 
Philadelphia, Nov. 11,1870. 
Charles B. Barrett, Esq : 
Secy of Board of Health. 
Sir:-In compliance with resolution of Board of Health of 
Sept. 30,1870, I have the honor to make the following Report of 
all cases of Yellow Fever which have come under my observa- 
tion during the past epidemic at the Lazaretto, and in the 
Swanson street district of the City. 
The accompanying tables of cases, arranged in the order of 
occurrence, are-1st. Those who owe the origin of Yellow Fever 
to contact or communication with the brig " Home," at sea and 
at the Lazaretto ; and 2d. Those who contracted the disease in 
the Swanson street locality, and are not traceable to any im- 
ported cause. 
As my first introduction to this epidemic was at the Lazaretto, 
August 3d, after Dr. Thompson, Lazaretto Physician, had taken 
sick, most of the following facts pertaining to the history of the 
" Home " are derived from extracts of official letters of Dr. 40 
Thompson to the Board of Health, and verbal statements of 
officers in connection with the Lazaretto. 
The brig "Home," of 216 tons register, bailing from New 
York, arrived at the Lazaretto June 29, from Black River, 
Jamaica, with a cargo of logwood and thirteen bales or bundles 
of sail clippings, the refuse of a sail loft. 
The sworn answers of the First Mate Sullivan, on the usual 
bill of inquiry, show that the " Home " had touched at Kingston, 
Jamaica, May 2; Port Spain, Trinidad, May 7 ; and left Black 
River, Jamaica, June 3, for Philadelphia. In answer to the 
question, "Have you had any sickness since the commencement 
of this voyage ?" " Yes." " Are all on board in good health ?" 
" Yes." . " Did any sickness prevail in the harbors or on shore 
or at any of the said ports or places ?" "No." "Have you a 
bill of health ?" " No." 
Dr. Thompson's inquiries and cross questioning of the mate 
and crew led to the fact that the captain died at sea on the 24th 
day of June, of a fever, and the steward suffered but recovered 
from the same disease. All the evidence shows that the mate 
and crew were aware of the nature of the disease, but in order 
to escape detention at Quarantine, and at the instigation of the 
mate, the crew combined to deceive the doctor by pleading 
ignorance; the mate assigning as the cause of the captain's death 
" heart disease," and trying to hide the sickness of the steward 
entirely. Dr. Thompson promptly decided that the fever was 
yellow fever, and at once ordered the vessel in Quarantine. 
She cast anchor about 400 yards opposite the landing or pier of 
the Lazaretto station. (See diagram I.) 
The crew at sailing consisted of nine men, one colored boy 
and a passenger from Kingston, Ja. John Philips, captain; 
John Sullivan, first mate ; George Griffiths, second mate ; J. P. 
Ellingsworth, steward; Joseph G. Elliott, Oliver Pierre, John 
Perin, George Watson, Alexander Rodgers, crew ; James Henry, 
boy; and passenger,name unknown. 
Resolution of Board of Health, June 30th, directed brig 
" Home" to be cleaned, fumigated and disinfected, and the owners Mp i ^sUi^i of Lipid er from July /CtJ to loth thence to 1In ■ 
gji ;। with Locprood from deck of *13rig Home, 
Diefl (it Sea.. 
Jlecoimred at Sell. 
?- To the. City 
J st Position of•BripJHinnje flam .Jine 30th to July loth 
and too.Lighters from JulvDlth to lath 
'2ndpositionerHrigHonieaml 2Jiqh tors after July loth. 
, : I . ' : i 
DIAGRAM No. 1 
OF THE 
LAZARETTO STATION, 
PEPPER'S HOUSE, 
AND 
POSITION OF THE BRIG "HOME," 
With location of Cases of 
YELLOW FEVER, 
Ph'om June 30th to oiug, 26th, 
1870. 
• md Positron olJ>rig Home 
Left this position for City ring. ^th 
after thorough PnrificiDion 
hi side Channel of Delaware Diver 
&ovl Wharf 
anding 
foalffuse 
2 7J ft. to Hale nJ, ine 
Ien gth IZH 11. 
6 oil Store Ho use 
J16 ft 
Mil lors House 
Qtiarcmtitie Masters 
Hoose 
£ azaretto Utysiciaus 
House 
Peppers House 
forernment Property 
Lane 
L cine 
fate 
Sla/Je 
REFERENCE. 
The figures iudicate the case in the order 
of occurrence. 
The dotted line trace the cases from where 
contracted to place attended. 
A-Lazaretto Hospital. 
B-Steward's Apartment. 
C-Servants' " 
D-Brig Home. 
E-Barge Madison. 
F- . " Kirkpatrick 
G- ** Unknown. 
Ice House 
\imII Lai Hespihit Aliy 10ZS Tasker St 
• ?S 
Case irom Lazaretto 
DIAGRAM No. 2, 
Of the Infected District, and location of the Imported and 
Sporadic Cases of 
YELLOW FEVER, 
With the order in which they occurred, from June SOth 
to September Sth, 1870, 
pHILAE3LFHIA. 
\ 
Penn a Hospital 
; y 8 ScPine 
Alan. ieipa I Hospital 
Cemtroictecl at Ijazaretto 
^L* J Hiphlccjid Av 
^estPldl^ 
\ 
\ 
\ A«S7 Morris St 
V?b*J Case Cronvl azaretto 
m 
St 
x Hap Carleton 
' Pec d St WharT 
iREjH'EFiinArCE. 
The * indicates the locality of the cases of Table No. I 
The Black Dot indicates the locality of the cases of Table No. 2. 
The figures, in the order in which they occurred. 
The Black Dotted lines lead from one case t® another of Table No 1 in 
their numerical order. no' 2» ln 
The fr°m °ne CaSS t0 an°ther °f Table No' 2- ^eir 
The foX'fnXRTX.corresponding with the numbers on Map maybe 
F 
Hup t/tS 
H-ty £^7ze g 
r ill 
W13 D M IL L I SLA NI) 41 
notified to discharge cargo. June 80th, Stephen Bennett left 
the station with permission to proceed direct to the breakwater; 
feeling sick he returned to the City from Wilmington, and died 
at the Champion House July 5th. Second Alate Griffiths ab- 
sconded at the same time, came to his home in Norfolk street 
and died July 6th. July 2d, Elliott, of the crew, was taken sick 
on brig "Home" with fever and removed to the hospital. July 
7th, all remainingof crew and passenger, except Alate Sullivan and 
colored boy, with permission left the station for the City. Four 
of this number can be traced to sailors' boarding houses Nos. 511 
and 833 Swanson street. One, the steward, shipped for Boston, 
and afterwards returned to the Lazaretto as nurse. 
The whereabouts of one other and the passenger is still un- 
known. Of the six, Oliver Pierre only had yellow fever; he was 
first taken sick July 8th at 511 Swanson street, removed to 833, 
while "walking there had black vomit three timestried to get 
in Penn Hospital, but refused admittance because of nature of 
disease, and only admitted to the Afunicipal Hospital July 19th 
in the last stage of the fever. About the 11th, three barges or 
lighters, "James Kirkpatrick," " Aladison," and one name un- 
known, came alongside the " Home," and the discharge of the 
cargo commenced. The force employed was one white and ten 
colored stevedores. July 13th, one lighter with part of the log- 
wood off the deck of " Home "-the crew consisting of three 
white men and several colored stevedores-left without permission 
for the city. This lighter and cargo came to the logwood wharf 
on Windmill Island, where it remained six to eight weeks. None 
of the crew became sick, nor can any case be traced to this cargo. 
(See diagram II.) 
The hatches of the "Home" were opened about the 13th or 
14th Inly, and on 15th Dr. Thompson was prevailed upon to 
allow her to change to her second position to facilitate unload- 
ing at the Government wharf, and from this time the epidemic 
may be said to have fairly commenced. The thirteen bundles 
of rags represented by Dr. Thompson as "filthy," were pur- 
chased by the captain on private speculation at Black River 42 
and stored in his cabin ; as they were not on the manifest they 
were seized by the Custom House officer, and on 16th burned 
by order of the Board of Health. 
July 17th, one of the colored stevedores became very sick and 
was removed to hospital and discharged, cured, on 25th. 
July 19th, the discharge of the cargo was finished. Jane 
Doggett, her son Thomas and Hoolehan, all of the lighter 
" James Kirkpatrick," were admitted to the hospital " very 
sick," they had been sick three or four days, symptoms begin- 
ning about five days after coming alongside of the " Home," or 
about the time the hatches were opened. July 24th, John 
Cavister, captain of the lighter " Madison," was admitted to the 
hospital " very sick." For some cause he was bled freely by 
Dr. Thompson, had black vomit, convalesced slowly, and dis- 
charged, cured, August 20th. A boy 16 years of age, also of 
this barge, had fever of mild type but recovered without treat- 
ment. I ordered him into hospital August 3d, when he ab- 
sconded and returned after several days perfectly well. Five 
out of six exposed on these two lighters had fever. 
August 1st, the date of Dr. Thompson's last letter to the 
Board of Health, represents Cavister, case fourteen, the only 
patient in hospital convalescent. By request of Mr. Steel, 
Chairman of the Lazaretto Committee, I assumed the duties of 
Lazaretto physician August 3d, and was kindly relieved by Dr. J. 
H. Taylor during 5th and 6th, and permanently by Dr. Forwood 
on the 8th, after which I made daily visits to the station until 
13th. I found Dr. Thompson exceedingly sick, taken very 
suddenly the evening before with chill. Had high fever, in- 
tense thirst and pain in head and back, vomiting everything he 
attempted to take; great epigastric uneasiness with slight tender- 
ness, expression anxious, eyes bright, face suffused, and was 
extremely restless. Had not been well during the season, said 
was poisoned by malaria, caused by unhealthy condition of the 
station from spring overflow and intense hot weather. His 
wife and daughter were in similar condition. After a daily visit 
to the " Home," July 3d, was suddenly taken sick with chill, 43 
followed by high fever; thought he was getting Yellow Fever 
and sent to the City for a physician ; was well next day. He 
was treated by his brother, Dr. Thompson, and myself; it was 
paliative with quinine in large doses by suppository; nothing 
would remain on his stomach, and be died very yellow without 
black vomit August 10th. 
Mrs. Kugler's case was very similar; patient, only more rest- 
less, and wandering from one room to another several times 
daily, to obtain relief. Her treatment was the same, and for the 
same cause was of little avail, as everything was rejected by the 
stomach. Had black vomit just before death-body very yellow. 
The Pepper family, living 140 yards from the Government 
wharf, the second position of the " Home," were the first to con- 
tract the fever outside of those connected with the discharging 
of the " Home." Their condition on my first visit was truly 
lamentable. Mrs. Pepper stated (August 3d), that out of a 
family of thirteen, all had had a fever, except herself and sister; 
two had died, and Mr. Pepper was very ill. The children, the 
youngest about ten years, were the first taken sick, about July 
20th. They had been to the wharf to see the brig while unload- 
ing, and Mate Sullivan and several of the stevedores had been 
to the house several times. They were prescribed for by Dr. 
Thompson, and after three or four days recovered. 
I did not question Dr. Thompson, as to the character of their 
fever; I think he only considered it malarial, and their cases 
are not recorded in the list of Yellow Fever cases. 
July 22d. Mrs. Borden, sister to Mrs. Pepper, and Ann Sharp, 
servant, became sick; Mrs. Borden recovered in six days. Ann 
Sharp, on the sixth day of her disease was removed to her home, 
about a mile from the station, and died next day, had decided 
symptoms, but no black vomit. 
July 23d. Mrs. Ennis, mother of Mrs Pepper, aged 83, was 
taken sick, had decided symptoms, severe, and died of black 
vomit on 28th. Her funeral was attended by several people 
besides her family. Mrs. Kugler come once during her sickness, 
had to pass within fifty yards of the " Home," and again, on 44 
night of the death, came and assisted in preparing the body for 
burial. 
Mrs. Clendening, living a mile from the Station, was exposed 
for four hours during the funeral, July 30th; took sick, August 
6th, and died in twelve days. William Harrison, in delicate 
health, was also at this funeral; remained three days; took sick, 
8th, and died after four days' sickness, in Kensington, Philadel- 
phia. 
Jacob Pepper, strong and in robust health, became sick, 
August 1 st; symptoms not severe at the outset. I was sent for in 
night of August 6th ; found him in collapse, spitting black vomit 
over his bed, pulseless, extremities cold, mind clear, and only 
complained of epigastric distress. He inquired as to his condi- 
tion, and when I told him he could only live a few hours, was 
surprised as he did not feel so sick. He died three hours after. 
At the same visit I found Mrs. Johnson, who had suddenly 
taken sick with chill and intense pain in the head and back. 
Mrs. Pepper became sick in afternoon of same day; had been in 
delicate health for years; her symptoms were not so decided. 
Both recovered without black vomit, after a few days' sickness. 
Mr. Gartside, Quarentine Master's case was one of consider- 
able interest, he had been suffering for weeks " off and on," with 
a malarial diarrhoea. August 3d, I advised him to remain in 
the house and rest, and gave him quinine and morphia. He 
improved, and on the 5th resumed duty. August 6th, fever set 
in and he sent for Dr. Ulrich, who was attending in the Pepper 
family. I visited him daily, often twice daily, until he died, un- 
professional] y, however, as I was never consulted by Dr. Ulrich. 
He was lodged in a small room with southwest exposure, two 
windows, which were kept closed, and covered with eight or ten 
blankets. The air became very offensive; he died on the 12th 
with dry tongue, delirium of a low muttering character; had 
no black vomit, and stomach was only slightly sick at times 
during the attack. I feel confident this treatment was any- 
thing but beneficial. His wife, daughter and servant escaped 
the disease. 45 
Fanny Gartrell, nurse at Lazeretto for thirteen years, was 
taken sick, July 23d, after unusual exertion, nursing the first six 
cases of Yellow Fever; next day was much better, and on the 
25th returned to duty. August 3d, I found her suffering no 
pain, only complaining of uneasiness, as she said " tired out." 
August 4th, fever set in, and Dr. Taylor and I placed her under 
treatment; she continued a favorable case until day before death. 
On the 8th, Dr. Forwood took charge of the case, applied ad- 
ditional number of blankets, stopped the treatment, and sup- 
ported her strength by wine, &c. Had no black vomit, stomach 
was never very sick, death on 10th, preceded by black al vine 
evacuations. 
Three of the Miller family, living about 300 yards southwest 
of second position of "Home," are reported by Drs. Forwood and 
Ulrich as cases of Yellow Fever, and are on my list No. 1; but 
from the testimony of Dr. J. H. Gihon, Quarantine Master, who 
visited them with Dr. Forwood, and who has had considerable 
experience with Yellow Fever, I am inclined to consider their 
diagnosis as extremely doubtful. The occurrence of their fever 
50 days after arrival of " Home," 34 days after change to second 
position, and in the opposite direction from the prevailing wind, 
besides their appearance of health two days after leaving their 
beds, incline me to this opinion. The testimony of Mr. and Mrs- 
Miller shows the duration of sickness to have been from two to 
three days, during which time they were starved and sweated. 
The only communication with the "Home" was through the father, 
who is the U. S. Custom House officer at Lazaretto, and who 
visited her daily during unloading. 
William Dillmore, case 23, had been suffering with Intermit- 
tent Fever, and on 14th day after last chill was suddenly taken 
with a very severe chill, followed by intense heat of skin, rapid 
pulse, and intense pain in head and back. This fever continued 
with slight remissions until death. Two days before he died he 
appeared convalescent, got out of bed, and sat at the open win- 46 
dow, suddenly became worse, had black vomit, and died in col- 
lapse August 13th. He was under my treatment for 48 hours, 
afterwards under that of Dr. Forwood. A younger brother of 
Dillinore had a similar attack of Intermittent, only more broken 
down; I sent him to the City August 4th, and he recovered with- 
out any Yellow Fever symptoms. 
Seven cases of those exposed to the influence of the " Home" had 
fever in various parts of the City; of these, cases 3, 5, 6 and 27 
have already been mentioned. 
Charles Hancock, employed as a carpenter at the Lazaretto 
from before arrival of the " Home" until August 4th, when he left 
for the City, was taken sick at his home, No. 97 Morris street, 
on the 6th, and removed to the Municipal Hospital on the 10th, 
died on 14th, with decided symptoms of Yellow Fever. 
William Hess entered station July 19th, left July 29th; was 
brother-in-law of Gardener Dillmore; was taken sick at 1028 
Tasker street about August 12th. Dr. Pinkney considered his 
disease Bilious Remittent until he told him where he had been, 
when he at once decided it was Yellow Fever. He recovered, 
and his wife and mother had a fever of a few days' duration. Dr. 
Pinkney considered it a similar fever of a mild type, but under 
other circumstances would have said it was a slight Remittent. 
Mrs. Riddle entered station August 7th, left August 13th ; 
attended funeral of Mrs. Kugler; nursed Dillmore until he 
died; was very healthy; became sick on 16th and recovered; 
had fever of a mild type; no black vomit; was attended by Dr. 
Adler, from whom I obtained history of her case. 
Among the six nurses who came to the station after August 
4th, McGuinn and Carpenter, cases 33 and 34, were the only 
ones who contracted Yellow Fever. McGuinn died after four- 
teen days' sickness, and Carpenter recovered. Neither should 
have been selected as nurse. McGuinn was much broken in health 
by an attack of Small Pox and Relapsing Fever contracted in 
June, while nursing at the Municipal Hospital. Carpenter was 
too old, fat, feeble, with arcus seniles well marked. Their cases 
were very severe; both assumed a Typhoid state. McGuinn had 47 
black vomit and al vine evacuation before death, and both were 
very yellow. McGuinn was exposed about ten and Carpenter 
eighteen days before fever set in. 
Dr. Forwood entered station August 8th as acting Lazaretto 
physician; taken suddenly sick on 26th with a chill, pains in 
head and limbs, vomiting followed by high fever, which lasted 
three days. His case, with that of Sarah, a servant girl, were 
the last to occur, since which time the station has been perfectly 
healthy. 
In Surgeon General's report of Yellow Fever epidemic of 1867, 
Dr. Forwood is reported as having Yellow Fever from October 
2d to 25th, at Alexandria, La.; this making his second attack. 
Sarah, case 36, had Intermittent Fever preceding this attack. 
The total population exposed to the influence of the brig 
Home, was about 103. This number includes the crews of 
" Home " and barges, stevedores, Miller and Pepper families, 
doctors, undertakers, visitors who staid over night, nurses, and 
those at the Lazaretto proper. Seventeen were colored, and 
eighty-six white. Of the colored, one had Yellow Fever of a 
mild type; of the white, 30 had genuine Yellow Fever, and 15 
had fever of a mild type, lasting 3 to 4 days. Five of the 15 
are reported on list as cases 31, 32, 33, 35 and 36, but thought 
to be involved in some doubt. Of the other 10 cases I have 
no record at all. Of the whites, 34|| per cent, had Yellow 
Fever; blacks, 5]4; total per cent, of the sick during the epi- 
demic, 45|f. The duration of the incubation cannot be accu- 
rately determined, except in case 21, where there was an ex- 
posure of three hours, July 30, and taken sick on the 6th Au- 
gust, six days. The most of the early cases had an incubation 
of 5 to 10 days. Those who remained near the " Home" day 
and night, after the hatches were opened, suffered the most. 
Out of six of the crews of the barges Kirkpatrick and Madison, 
five had fever and two died. The Pepper family, 13 in number, 
at 140 yards distant, all had fever. Dr. Thompson's family of 
four, and a colored servant, had three cases of Yellow Fever, 
at a distance from the "Home" of 140 yards. 48 
Treatment was of little avail, except to palliate suffering, as 
all the severe cases, with the exception of Dr. Thompson's case, 
and Dr. Taylor's cases, 6 and 34, died ; the slight cases recov- 
ered. Of the 31 genuine cases, 54i per cent, died; of all, 
36.44 died. Everything seemed combined to make up this sad 
history. The locality of the Lazaretto was decidedly malarious, 
increased by a spring overflow, and the most intensely hot 
weather-hotter than has been known for 81 years. 
The infected vessel was old, rotten, saturated with filth, and 
hailing from a port where Yellow Fever was known to exist 
Dr. Thompson declared that " language was inadequate to de- 
scribe its condition." Another, who had been on quarantine 
duty for thirty years, and thirty more as a sailor, stated that it 
was the filthiest vessel he had ever seen. 
The prevailing wind from southwest carried the poison con- 
tinually toward the station ; the thermometer stood at 90 de- 
grees almost daily, during the discharge of the cargo, and what 
was more unfortunate, the vessel was allowed to come to the 
Government wharf, a distance of 140 yards from the Pepper house, 
and about the same from quarantine buildings. Everything that 
could be done to alleviate the sufferings of those afflicted was 
promptly done, and I am sure no unnecessary suffering was 
caused by their being treated at the Lazaretto. Everything I 
could think of for the relief or comfort of the sick was at once 
supplied as soon as asked for, by your able and efficient Chair- 
man of the Lazaretto Committee. Much of the unnecessary 
excitement at Chester and surrounding country could have been 
obviated, if a proper professional spirit had prevailed among 
those who were called upon to give their services to the sick. 
The second list of seventeen Yellow Fever cases, not traceable 
to any exotic cause, I am confident will include all the deaths, 
and, with few exceptions, all the cases occurring in the City, 
during what may be called the Swanson Street Epidemic of 
1870. 
The first case was Alexander Campbell, night inspector U. S. 
customs, who was taken sick Aug. 8, and died at 739 South street 
'on the 12th. Upon inquiry of his family I find that his attack 49 
was preceded by diarrhoea of several weeks' duration, that he had 
high fever, pain in the head and limbs, vomiting almost contin- 
ually, and was "jaundiced." Dr. H. D. McLean, in letter of 
Oct. 24, states that he is fully of the opinion that his case was 
one of Yellow Fever. Through the kindness of the custom 
house officer I find that he was stationed at Windmill Island, 
(see diagram II) on brig M. L. B., loaded with logwood from 
Jamaica, from July 6 to 13. The deck load of logwood from 
brig Home evidently was at the same wharf on the night of July 
13, as the barge was reported by Dr. Thompson as having left 
the Lazaretto without permission on that day. How near he 
was to this barge or lighter is unknown. From 14th to 31st he 
was on three vessels at Race and Callowhill street wharfs, except 
20th and 22d, when he was in the room at custom house office. 
Aug. 1 to 8, was stationed at Shippen street wharf, in Swanson 
street locality, on board ships Tranquebar and Mary Cook, and 
schooner Cyrus Fessete, the latter only from an infected port 
(Cardenas). These vessels w'ere perfectly clean, and none of 
their crews ever became sick. 9th, 10th, and 11th, he was re- 
ported sick, and on 12th died. He wras at a tavern, corner of 
Davis wharf and Swanson streets frequently during the period 
from 1st to 9th, but cannot be traced to any place where one of 
the brig Home had been quartered or to any house where Yellow 
Fever after occurred. While he was at this wharf, August 4th, 
the brig Home came to the City and anchored J mile to the wind- 
ward of Shippen street wharf, east of Windmill Island, and re- 
mained over night. The " Home " at the time was considered 
perfectly clean by Drs. Thompson, Taylor, and myself-which 
opinion proved to be correct, as three watchmen from this date 
were placed on her, and all remained healthy after living on her 
for four to five weeks. The barge of logwood from the " Home " 
could not have been instrumental in producing the fever, as no 
case could be traced to it, nor did any of the crew of the barge 
contract fever during the transfer of cargo from the " Home." 
All my inquiries show no cause for the origin of disease in this 
case. 50 
The next case was John Lyon, previously healthy, who was a 
waterman employed unloading vessels of the S. M. S. S. Co., 
whose vessels ply between New Orleans, Havana and Philadel- 
phia. This was the first case reported to the Board of Health 
as a death from Yellow Fever in Swanson street locality. I in- 
spected the premises after the funeral, and evidence of the wife 
and those who attended this case confirmed Dr. Burns' diagnosis. 
No case occurred in this house (No. 8 Finnour place) after, and 
no cause could be found for its origin. 
The third case was Stephen Allen, a ship carpenter on board 
ship Carleton from Nova Scotia, which first went up the Schuyl- 
kill river, and then around to Reed street wharf, from which 
place he was taken to Pennsylvania Hospital August 18th, and 
died on 22d. He had been in port two weeks, and had done 
small jobs of carpenter work along the wharf during that time. 
His history previous to this voyage is unknown. Dr. Long- 
streth, the Resident Physician at Pennsylvania Hospital, stated 
that his disease was not recognized until two days before death, 
when he had black vomit and the more marked symptoms of 
Yellow Fever. "Post-mortem showed unmistakable signs of 
Yellow Fever; body was very yellow, liver yellow and filled 
with black blood, and points of black blood studded over mucus 
membrane of stomach." 
By direction of the Board of Health, I visited Swanson street 
September 4th to investigate the case of Ellen Ryan, reported 
sick with Yellow Fever; found her dead. Also Charlotte Bur- 
mister at 733 Swanson street, both unmistakable cases of Yellow 
Fever I called attention of the Board of Health to the filthy 
condition of Krider's alley, and stated that there had been four 
deaths from Yellow Fever in houses in this alley. 
I also found at 720 case 7 sick in bed in a miserable, filthy, 
overcrow'ded room, also near Krider's alley, who stated that she 
was taken in the night with pains in the head and limbs, sick 
stomach and fever. I reported her case as Yellow Fever, and 
advised her to go to the hospital; she declined going, and re- 
mained about the room and sitting in doorway until evening of 51 
the 7th, when she again took her bed ; August 8th was sent to 
the Municipal Hospital, where she died that night. Post-mortem 
appearance decidedly that of Yellow Fever. I saw this woman 
daily for four days, and after the first to the last visit she always 
declared she was well. The characteristic expression of anxiety, 
slight increased pulse and temperature, with peculiar color of 
skin, were the only symptoms (notwithstanding her assevera- 
tions) which led me to continue in my belief in my first diagno- 
sis. This was unmistakably a " walking case of Yellow Fever." 
Two other cases occurred on Penn street the same day ; one on 
the 5th, and five on the 6th. 
Robert Gorrell, case 11, was one of those occurring on the 
6th. He was a shipsmith, worked next door to Krider's alley, 
No. 5; taken sick with chill, fever, pains all over, sick stomach, 
vomiting. I saw him August 12th at his home, back of 731 
south Seventh street; was in the last stage of Yellow Fever, 
having black vomit, blood oozing from mouth and nose, extrem- 
ities cold and purple, mind clear, complained only of distress of 
stomach; continued in this condition until next day, when he 
died. 
His wife was reported by a physician to the Board of Health 
as a case of Yellow Fever. I visited her daily, twice in company 
with Dr. La Roche. She had no fever, only heavily furred 
tongue; pulse 118, with great nervousness from anxiety and loss 
of sleep, which would occur after any prolonged excitement such 
as she suffered under. If this physician's report had been re- 
ceived as a fact, one case of personal contagion would surely 
have been established. One other case occurred on 7th and 8th, 
when the epidemic left us as suddenly as it came. I watched a 
number of other cases in the Swanson street district, but none 
of them turned out to be Yellow Fever. I also visited every 
house that showed signs of mourning, and made an investiga- 
tion of cause of death. Physicians may have attended a few 
other cases which recovered, but I feel confident that I speak 
advisedly when I say the deaths to have been thirteen. Ten of 
the cases enumerated I visited personally. No children or col- 52 
ored people were known to have the fever; nor did any instance 
occur of two of the same family having the disease, and only one 
instance of two in the same house. See diagram II. 
All who contracted the fever, with only two exceptions, were 
in good health ; nine were females and eight males. The popu- 
lation in the district exposed to the same influence was no doubt 
large, as most of the houses were occupied as sailor boarding 
houses, and other lodging houses. Cases 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10,12, 13, 
16 and 17 lived in overcrowded boarding houses; cases 6 and 12 
in sailor boarding houses; all the others lived comfortably with 
their families. 
The condition of this locality was unfavorable for health ; the 
streets and gutters were exceedingly filthy; those on Swanson 
street rendered worse by the washings from all the small streets 
extending from Swanson to Front street. The air at night was 
often very offensive from a bone factory situated below Navy 
Yard, a long distance off. Krider's alley is a private alley 
owned by several individuals jointly, and by them should be kept 
in repair and clean The paving was in holes, which were filled 
up with refuse of slops, &c., from about twelve small houses, 
which filth constantly putrified and festered in the sun. If this 
alley had been cleaned during the summer, it was impossible to 
keep it so, owing to the paving, as I have seen it almost as dirty 
a few hours after cleaning as before. 
Penn street below Lombard, for two squares, was also filthy. 
That part where the cases 8, 9 and 10 occurred is much over- 
crowded, filled with lodging houses, the inmates of which throw 
their garbage, slops, and even human excrement in the gutters 
daily. People told me that the stench in this square from this 
cause was intolerable at night. Where cases 13, 16 and 17 oc- 
curred, the street was ordinarily clean. The house front was 
occupied by thirty people, and in the dirtiest, most overcrowded 
condition. The one in the rear had about three families living in it, 
and in a very tidy condition for the locality. The common privy 
for all these people (between the two houses) was kept almost 
always full, sometimes overflowing the yard by reason of the tide 53 
water. The stench from this source was unbearable. The cases 
taken sick had their windows opening over this offensive yard. 
Filthy and overflowing privies were very common in this district. 
The weather during the summer was exceedingly hot. I find 
from the record kept at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the mean 
temperature for June, July and August, was 78.88°, the hottest 
known for eighty-one years. From the record kept at the 
Exchange, the mean temperature is almost 5° greater. The 
following is a copy of Pennsylvania Hospital record: 
June. 
July. 
August. 
Mean temperature, 
- 
- 77.21 
80 61 
78.82 
Maximum, - 
- 
- 95.50 
97.00 
95.00 
Minimum, - 
- 
- 61.00 
61.00 
61.00 
Range, 
- 
- 34.50 
36.00 
31.00 
From the same source, I found the summer was preceded by 
a wet spring, causing overflow over much of the low lands below 
the City. The amount of rain fall was as follows: 
January, 4.075; March, 4.066; May, 6.280; July, 3.947; 
February, 2.532; April, 5.605 ; June, 2.895; August, 5.115. 
No case can be traced to contagion as the report shows ten 
(10) instances where patients with Yellow Fever, were treated 
in healthy localities with no sickness following ; only one instance 
did sickness follow, that of Hess, case 28, and this sickness, on 
inquiry of a sister and brother of the family, was nothing like 
Yellow Fever. 
I am unable, after the most careful investigation, to trace the 
epidemic to any exotic cause, and am compelled ,to look upon 
its origin as entirely sporadic. 
Three of the crew of the " Home" lodged at a sailor boarding 
house, No. 833 Swanson street, one of whom, case 6, was sent 
from this house to the Municipal Hospital, July 19th, on the 
eighth day of the disease. He was first taken sick at 511 Swan- 
son street, where another of the crew of the " Home" also boarded ; 
not getting the proper attention, he removed after two days' 
sickness to 833, and remained there five days. He, therefore, 
had Yellow Fever in this locality eight days, but no case occurred 54 
after in these houses (which were crowded sailor boarding 
houses), nor in any house in either square. The same can be 
said of Griffiths, case 5, and Pilot, case 3, who died in Norfolk 
street, and at the Champion House, corner of South street and 
Delaware avenue. 
Mrs. Mason, washerwoman at the Lazaretto, left about August 
1st, and went to her home in Pannes alley, No. 9, near Swanson 
street; no sickness followed in this locality. 
The rest of the crew of the " Home" and the passenger cannot 
be traced, but in no instance where Yellow Fever occurred, had 
any of the crew, stevedores or attendants at Larazetto, been 
quartered or held any communication. 
The barge of logwood, at Windmill Island, cannot have been 
an exciting cause of the epidemic, as it lay opposite Chestnut 
street wharf, almost a quarter of a mile north of the infected 
locality, with wind constantly from southwest. This logwood 
was from part of the deck load of the " Home," exposed to the 
air and sunshine during the voyage, and no case of sickness 
occurred among those who handled it. 
The " Home," after thirty-seven days' quarantine, and the 
most thorough purification, was allowed, by mistake, to come to 
the City. She was returned the next day by order of the Board 
of Health. She came first to the west of Windmill Island, and 
remained over night east of it, and about opposite to Spruce 
street wharf. This was on the 4th of August, and the first case 
of Yellow Fever was on the 8th, four squares below this wharf. 
She never was within 800 or 1,000 yards of the infected locality, 
and her subsequent history proves that she could not have been 
a source of epidemic at this time and at so great a distance If 
it had been otherwise, certainly one of the three or four who 
remained on her, after this date, would have contracted the 
fever. 
We cannot look to communication with the shipping as a 
cause, as no case could be so traced ; besides, nine of the cases were 
women, who never visited vessels while in port, nor were in the 
habit of leaving their homes. 55 
I am fully of the opinion that this epidemic was caused by the 
state of the weather, its excessive continued heat, the general 
tendency to malarial fever in and out of the City, and more par- 
ticularly to the neglected, filthy condition of Krider's alley, and 
gutters and privies in this locality. 
The mortality among those taken sick was very great-thirteen 
out of seventeen died, or 76T% per cent. 
The treatment and nursing of most of the cases was very 
indifferent, some only sent for a physician when in collapse. 
The average duration of sickness of those who died was only five 
days. 
The suddenness of the disappearance of Yellow Fever in this 
locality was a source of much congratulation, and was no doubt 
owing to the prompt application of sanitary measures adopted 
by the Board of Health. The streets were cleaned and gutters 
washed daily, privies were disinfected and cleaned ; almost every 
house was whitewashed, the dead were promptly buried, and the 
sick, who could be removed, where sent to the Municipal Hospi- 
tal. This work was so quietly done that few people knew of the 
epedemic until over, and the community will probably never 
know how narrowly they escaped the terrors of a general epi- 
demic. 
In closing this report, I feel bound to testify that all the 
evidence proves the able manner in which Dr. Thompson used 
the discretionary Quarantine power committed to him by the 
Health Laws of the State in detaining this unfortunate vessel at 
Quarantine. Had he listened to the ready stories of the mate or 
made a hasty examination of the crew, and recommended this 
vessel to proceed to the City next day after its arrival, with the 
epidemic condition known to exist here at the time, the sad story 
of 1793 or 1820 would surely have to be again told. 
He did his duty wisely; simply a thankless professional duty, 
his action caused his death, but no doubt spared the citizens of 
Philadelphia from the horrors of an epidemic of Yellow Fever. 
The cheerful services of those five old faithful servants of the 56 
Board, the bargemen, in working night and day without mur- 
mur or complaint, with the sick, dying and dead, in and outside 
of the station, also deserve the highest eulogy. 
Very respectfully, 
Your obedient servant, 
H. EARNEST GOODMAN, 
Port Physician. 
Lazaretto Station, Nov. 26th, 1870. 
Charles B. Barrett, Esq., 
Sec'y Board of Health. 
Sir :-In submitting a condensed statement of the events that 
occurred at the Lazaretto, following the arrival of the Brig 
" Home," I have restricted myself to a narrative of the facts as 
I have been able to ascertain them, and such unquestionable 
inferences as may be deduced therefrom. I have also confined 
myself to the recorded cases at the hospital, such as occurred 
within the quarantine limits, and those at Mr. Pepper's, imme- 
diately adjoining. This makes but a small proportion out of the 
whole number. 
Those cases occurring in the City, and outside, though con- 
tiguous to the quarantine limits, but directly traceable to the 
Brig "Home," have been carefully collected by Dr. Goodman, 
the Port Physician, and will, I am informed, be fully reported. 
The records at the station, of events as they took place, are 
very meagre, consequently some difficulty has been experienced 
in obtaining correct information, as the principal facts have 
been procured from parole testimony exclusively, I can only 
add that I have sought different sources for the same end. 
Having no theories to advance, and no speculations to indulge 
in, I wish to be distinctly understood, at the outset, as disclaim- 
ing all thought of reflecting upon any one the responsiblity for 
the deplorable condition of this place, during the quarantine 57 
season just closed. It is essential for our protection hereafter, 
it is in the interests of the future, and not in the interest of the 
past, that these statements should be fairly and impartially made, 
that we may guard against a repetition, or at least avoid what 
may appear to be a cause of such fearful mortality. If nothing 
more is accomplished, much will have been already done. 
Nothing worthy of special note occurred at the Lazaretto prior 
to the arrival of the Brig " Home," on the 29th of June, from 
Black River, Jamaica, with a cargo of logwood. The captain 
having died on the passage (about the 24th of June), the cir- 
cumstance was considered a suspicious one, notwithstanding the 
statement of the mate who was in charge that no such disease as 
Yellow Fever had prevailed on board the vessel. The brig was 
detained and anchored in the inner channel in front of the Laza- 
retto in the position designated on the accompanying chart.- 
Immediately after the vessel had been brought to an anchor, the 
Pilot, Stephen Bennett, asked for and obtained permission from 
the Lazaretto Physician (as is usual in such cases), to proceed 
to the Capes of the Delaware. Instead of complying with this 
permission, and obeying an explicit provision of the law, he pro- 
ceeded to the City of Philadelphia, where he was soon after taken 
sick, and died with black vomit on the fifth of July. Accom- 
panying the Pilot, the Second Mate, George Griffiths, absented 
himself from the vessel without leave, and proceeded to the City, 
where he was taken sick and died on the sixth of July with well 
marked symptoms of Yellow Fever. 
The vessel being in a very filthy condition on her arrival, and 
the captain having died under circumstances which rendered 
the suspicion of the existence of Yellow Fever almost a cer- 
tainty, the Board of Health, by resolution dated July 1st, 
ordered the brig to be discharged of her cargo into lighters at 
the Lazaretto, in order that she might be thoroughly cleansed, 
fumigated and whitewashed, before permitting her to proceed to 
the City. Accordingly three barges were sent to the station for 
the purpose of receiving the cargo, and work was commenced 
while the vessel remained in the stream in the position first des- 58 
ignated. The first barge loaded, received the principal part of 
the deck load of the brig, and proceeded at once to discharge 
the same on Windmill Island, opposite the City. During the 
time of the loading of this barge the facilities of access to the 
shore were restricted, and sometimes difficult to be accomplished, 
it being a rule of the Board of Health and the established cus- 
tom of the place, to interdict all communication between infected 
vessels and the shore, except for the purpose of obtaining sup- 
plies from the steward, or on business specially connected with 
the detained vessel. 
Apparently for the reason that it was difficult to discharge the 
cargo in the stream, where it was impossible to command the use 
of a horse for hoisting purposes, but really for the reason, as the 
sequel will show, to procure unrestricted intercourse with the 
shore, permission was granted to the mate and stevedores, by 
the Lazaretto Physician (Dr. Thompson), to haul the brig to 
the United States wharf, where the discharge of her cargo into 
lighters was completed. By reference to the chart, it will be 
observed that the United States wharf is without the quaran- 
tine enclosure, although supposed to be placed under quarantine 
restrictions during the prevalence of sickness, or the presence of 
infected vessels at the station. 
In the present instance, the result was to give those employed 
in discharging the vessel the unrestricted freedom of the shore, 
including frequent surreptitious visits to Philadelphia, while to 
the citizens of the neighborhood it gave an object of interest 
which claimed their unemployed attention, and a curiosity which 
required many visits to satisfy. 
But to recur, without stopping to discuss the vexed question 
of contagion, whether personal or otherwise, the facts are that 
the mate and stevedores were in the habit of visiting many 
times daily the hotel kept by Mr. Pepper, immediately adjoin- 
ing the wharf, as well as one more remote, situated about one 
hundred and fifty yards west of Mr. Pepper's, on the river bank. 
Setting aside the possible danger which may have accrued to 
those persons and places visited by the mate, stevedores and 59 
others connected with the brig, the additional fact remains that 
many persons from the neighborhood visited and went on board 
the vessel during the time her cargo was being discharged at the 
end of the wharf. What proportion of the cases of Yellow Fever 
that occurred as directly traceable to the proximity of the Brig 
" Home," are included in the number who visited the vessel or 
the wharf during the time the cargo was being discharged, it is 
impossible to ascertain with certainty. It has been stated to me 
that Mr. Pepper was not on board the vessel, but that he was on 
the wharf frequently is not denied. 
Mrs. Ennis, Mr. Pepper's mother-in-law and residing with him, 
was never known to have been on the wharf while the brig was 
discharging, yet she was one of the first victims among those not 
directly connected with the vessel. This fact commands special 
attention, when the relative position of Mr. Pepper's house is 
observed. 
The "Home" remained at the wharf discharging about six 
days, and during that time the prevailing wind was from the 
southwest, thereby blowing from the infected spot directly 
across the quarantine grounds and escaping Mr. Pepper's house 
entirely. 
I cannot ascertain that during the period embraced in the dis- 
charge of the vessel that the wind blew from the east, or in a 
direction that would include the vessel in a line towards Mr. 
Pepper's, until within a day or two prior to the vessel's leaving 
the wharf after the cargo had been discharged. Yet the disease 
manifested itself at Mr. Pepper's in a most virulent form before 
it did at the residence of the Lazaretto Physician, equally near 
with the other and in the direct line of the prevailing wind. 
Two deaths had occurred at Mr. Pepper's before Dr. Thompson 
was taken sick. That those who were connected with the barges 
receiving the cargo should be early affected is not a matter of 
surprise, as they were living all the time within the immediate 
influence of the poison; yet I cannot learn that any of those 
having in charge the first barge that received a cargo in the 
stream and proceeded directly to the City contracted the dis- 60 
ease. There may be no important significance in this fact, still 
it remains. 
The circumstances attending the transfer of that portion of 
the cargo either unknown or unnoted may have been different, 
or something may have been due to the fact that it was the 
deck load that was removed; yet the hatches of the vessel w7ere 
opened immediately on her arrival at quarantine, and kept open 
continuously during the whole time that she remained. 
The hospital records show the first case admitted to have been 
a sailor from the Brig "Home," named Elliott, who was re- 
ceived for treatment July 2d, and discharged recovered July 
6th. The second case, a colored stevedore admitted July 17th, 
and discharged recovered July 25th. The third case, Mrs. Jane 
Doggett, wife of the captain of the second barge, was admitted 
July 19th and died July 23d. This woman's duties confined 
her exclusively to the barge, where she acted in the capacity of 
cook. The fourth case, Thomas Doggett, Jr., son of the captain 
of the barge, was admitted the same day as his mother and died 
July 22d. This man was employed on the wharf in driving the 
mules used for hoisting purposes, and was in no way occupied 
on board the brig in removing, or on the barge in receiving 
cargo. The fifth case, Francis Hoolehan, was admitted the 
same day as the above (July 19th), and discharged recovered 
July 26th. He was employed on Captain Doggett's barge, and 
assisted in receiving and storing cargo. 
It will be observed that Mrs. Doggett, son, and Hoolehan were 
taken sick and received into the hospital on the same day. Mrs. 
Doggett's duties were on the barge to the windward of the brig ; 
the son's duties were on the wharf at the leeward of the brig, 
while Hoolehan was occupied at the very centre of infection. 
The sixth case, John Cavister, the captain of the remaining 
barge, was admitted to hospital July 24th, and discharged re- 
covered August 20th. 
These cases include all directly connected with the Brig 
"Home" and barges, who were admitted into the Lazaretto 
Hospital for treatment. The next cases in the order of sequence 61 
occurred at Mr. Pepper's, and, continuing the numerical ar- 
rangement, the seventh was Mrs. Burden, who was taken sick 
July 21st, began to convalesce July 25th, and eventually re- 
covered. The eighth case, Ann Sharp, in the employ of Mr. 
Pepper, was taken sick July 21st and died July 29th. The 
ninth case, Mrs. Ennis, Mr. Pepper's mother-in-law, was taken 
sick July 23d and died July 28th. The tenth case, Mr. Pepper, 
was taken sick July 31st and died August 7th. 
These four cases had occurred, and two had died, before the 
disease manifested itself within the quarantine grounds 
The eleventh case and the first within the Lazaretto proper, 
was Mrs. Kugler, wife of the steward, who was taken sick 
August 1st and died August 6th. And here a passing notice is 
due Zealous in good works, kind, attentive and self-sacrificing, 
where sickness and trouble existed, she gave her time and ser- 
vices freely both day and night, as well to her afflicted neigh- 
bors as to the wants of the patients in the hospital; and it 
may be truly said of her that she was always found at the post 
of danger, never shrinking from any duty wherein it was pos- 
sible to relieve suffering, or to assist at the last sad rites pre- 
ceding sepulture. Her many excellent qualities and unvarying 
kindness will long be held in grateful remembrance by those 
whose privilege it was to know her, under circumstances which 
called forth the exercise of those virtues which so pre-eminently 
marked her life. 
The twelfth case, Dr. Thompson, the Lazaretto physician, 
was taken sick on second of August and died on the tenth of the 
same month. Then followed on the third of August the thir- 
teenth case, Fannie Gartrell, an old and faithful nurse, who had 
served in that capacity for twelve years, bringing to the discharge 
of her duties a conscientiousness which secured to her the confi- 
dence of the various medical officers at the station, and the unin- 
terrupted approval of the Board of Health; she died on the 
tenth of August. Then follows in the order of sequence Dr. 
Thompson's daughter, taken sick on the fourth, and Mrs. Thomp- 
son (wife), taken sick on the fifth of August, both of whom re- 
covered, making the fourteenth and fifteenth cases. 62 
William Dillmore, gardener for Mr. Kugler, making the six- 
teenth case, was taken sick on the sixth and died on the thir- 
teenth of August. 
Robert Gartside (Quarantine Master), being the seventeenth 
case, was taken sick on the sixth and died on the twelfth of 
August. 
This gentleman had been suffering for some time prior to the 
sixth of August with an intermittent attack of Bilious Dysen- 
tery, decidedly haemorrhagic in its character, whereby his sys- 
tem had become so enfeebled as to render him an easy victim to 
the more fatal malady to which he rapidly succumbed. No new 
cases are recorded until the twenty-fourth of August, an interval 
of nineteen days, at which time D. W. C. McGuinn, who had 
been employed to nurse Mr. Gartside, was taken sick, and died 
on the eighth of September. 
Following McGuinn, and making the nineteenth and last re- 
corded case, was William F. Carpenter, who had been employed 
as a temporary nurse, and assisted somewhat during the sick- 
ness of Dillmore. lie was taken sick on the twenty-sixth of 
August, and discharged recovered on the twenty-fourth of Sep- 
tember. This ends the history of recorded cases. There are 
other cases enumerated, about which some doubt has been ex- 
pressed as to their genuineness. I will, however, include them 
in the list without expressing an opinion as to whether they were 
Yellow Fever or not. I refer particularly to two servant girls 
in the employ of Mr. Kugler, who were taken sick towards the 
latter part of July and were slightly indisposed for a few days; 
one of them subsequently, by imprudent exposure, contracted a 
severe cold, which confined her to her room for an additional 
period. Dr. J. F. M. Forwood, who had been employed by the 
Board of Health temporarily, to take charge of the station, was 
taken sick about the twenty-seventh of August and remained a 
patient until the fifth of September. 
Mrs. Pepper, Mrs. Burden's daughter, and a relative, Mrs. 
Johnson, were all sick during the month of August, and all re- 
covered. 63 
Mrs. Clendenning, a friend of Mrs. Pepper's, and who attended 
the funeral of Mrs. Ennis and was present in the house about 
three hours on that day, being her only visit, was taken sick and 
died at her residence, about two miles from the Lazaretto. 
All the cases that I have included thus far, have been care- 
fully traced and elaborated by one than whom there is no one 
more competent, and it would be a work of supererogation in 
me to attempt to amplify a subject that is receiving the careful 
thought of Dr. La Roche, who is everywhere recognized as au- 
thority on Yellow Fever. 
The cases occurring in the City come within the legitimate 
province of the Port Physician, and have been fully reported. 
It therefore only remains for me to add what appears to be 
an irresistable conclusion, if the preceding facts have been care- 
fully stated, that the near proximity of the Brig " Home," 
caused by bringing her to the United States wharf, produced 
the fatal sickness that afflicted the residents at the Lazaretto, 
including Mr. Pepper's, immediately adjoining. It will be ob- 
served that the first position of the Brig " Home " placed that 
vessel at least three-fourths of a mile from any point within the 
Lazaretto. It may therefore become a question at what dis- 
tance from the infected spot the poison ceases to be active, but 
it cannot be doubted that the intensity of the poisonous influ- 
ence decreases as the distance increases. If therefore there was 
only a partial immunity in the first instance, to what a frightful 
extent the disease was intensified by the transfer of the vessel to 
the second position, is evidenced by the fearful mortality that 
occurred. 
It is scarcely within the province of credibility to suppose 
that the same results would have taken place, had the discharge 
of the brig been completed as it was commenced, when the first 
barge received its cargo. We have the positive fact in the first 
instance, that no sickness occurred ; in the second we have the 
report that is herewith submitted ; it becomes the difference be- 
tween immunity and decimation, even greater,-I might almost 
add destruction. 64 
The statement that it was necessary to haul the brig to the 
wharf in order to discharge her cargo falls to the ground, when 
it is known that all vessels are loaded in West India ports from 
lighters. Not only the cargo of logwood, which is compara- 
tively easy to handle, but the heavier cargoes of sugar and mo- 
lasses by hogsheads are so transferred Much has been said 
about filthy rags, but I have been assured by those who handled 
the lot (consisting of two bags), that they were composed en- 
tirely of clean canvas, the clippings of a sail loft in Kingston, 
Jamaica. 
There is one other point of interest connected with the second 
position of the brig, which may be worthy of consideration. It 
will be observed, by reference to the chart, that there are about 
three acres of marsh directly fronting the Lazaretto and extend- 
ing to the United States wharf. This marsh, covered with rank 
vegetation, is entirely exposed during low water. Its emana- 
tions are known to be malarial, and the effluvia arising there- 
from very apparent, as I have frequently observed after the 
recession of a tide during the hot days of August and Septem- 
ber. To what extent this malarial presence intensified the 
yellow fever poison I cannot presume to say, but the recognized 
conditions favorable to the development of the disease certainly 
existed in the locality to some extent. We had long-continued 
high temperature acting upon decaying matter, and the spark 
may have been added when the Brig " Home " touched the 
wharf. I do not say that Yellow Fever would not have broken 
out on shore had the brig remained in the first position, but 
surely the noxious influence would have been very much diluted 
in passing over an open river three-fourths of a mile to land. 
Some prominence has been given, by certain parties, to an im- 
pression erroneously received, that the hospital department at 
the station was deficient in supplies and not in a condition to 
properly minister to the wants of the patients that were admitted 
for treatment. I can only state that if such was at any time the 
case, the Health Department of the City was not responsible for 
the deficiency. Promptness is a characteristic for which the 65 
efficient chairman of the Lazaretto Committee is justly esteemed, 
and any requisition for needed supplies would have commanded 
his immediate attention. It is therefore a weak subterfuge to 
attempt to shift the responsibility from where it properly be- 
longs. The question of supplies belongs to the physician. 
In conclusion I will add, that two suggestions naturally pre- 
sent themselves as a means, to some extent, of prevention in the 
future 
First.-To avoid the close proximity of an infected vessel to 
the shore. 
Second.-To neutralize the malarial condition of the marsh 
fronting the station. 
Respectfully submitted, 
J. HOWARD TAYLOR, 
Lazaretto Physician. No. 1-Hospital. 
" 2-Residence of Physician. 
" 3- " " Quarantine Master. 
<* 4- <• t< Pepper. 
" 5-U. S. Wharf. 
** 6- " Store House. 
" 7-Lazaretto Wharf. 
" 8-Boat House. 
" 9- « 
** 10-Bargemen's Quarters. 
" 11-Watch House. 
a-First position of Brig Home. 
b-Second tr tf t( ' 
c-Position of Capt. Dogett's Barge. 
d- ft <( (< Causter's ** 
Sa st 
Dnictim Jsland 
Delaware Direr 
Diside (1/ajiWd 
'A All i e Hide 
lazaretto iShc/asure 
A or/l 
Soil tic 
Private Lente 
iDifed States 
Aroyfer/w 
I bed 
West BEALTB OFFICER'S ANNUAL REPORT 
OF 
Births, Marriagesand Deaths, 
1870. 
Registration Department, Health Office, 
Philadelphia, January, 1871. 
To the President and Members 
of the Board of Health. 
Gentlemen :-In conformity with the provisions of Section 
1 of the Act of Assembly, approved March 8th, 1860, I hereby 
report, through you, to City Councils, the following abstracts from 
the records on file in this department for the year ending De- 
cember 31st, 1870. 
During the past year we received and placed on record six 
thousand four hundred and twenty-one (6,421) marriages, seven- 
teen thousand one hundred and ninety-four (17,194) births, and 
sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty (16,750) deaths, mak- 
ing a sum total of forty thousand three hundred and sixty-five 
(40,365) ; and while our birth table shows a small natural in- 
crease of the population, yet we feel confident that many practi- 
tioners of midwifery do not appreciate the importance of regis- 
tering their cases, and in many instances incorrect returns are 
made to this department, and until these parties are compelled 
by law to conform to the requirements of the Act of Assembly, 68 
or more stringent laws are passed, it will be impossible to make 
our tables of any great value for statistical purposes. 
Much credit is due to the clergymen of all denominations for 
the interest they have manifested, and in very few exceptions the 
aidermen have generally complied with the law, thus making 
this branch of the department as near perfect as can be attained 
under the present law. 
By reference to our mortuary tables, it will be observed that 
the general sanitary condition of our City was not as favorable 
as the preceding year, the increase amounting to one thousand 
nine hundred and sixty-four, or 13.20 per cent.; this increase 
was not attributed to any special cause, as it was equally divided 
among the various diseases, and no one disease of such severity 
as to cause any alarm; and notwithstanding this large bill of 
mortality, we are satisfied that the health of our City will com- 
pare more favorably than any of the large Cities. This state- 
ment is made to disabuse the minds of those who are disposed to 
attribute the augmentation of deaths to the prevalence of any 
epidemic in our City during the year. 'Tis true we had relaps- 
ing fever in the early part of the year, and continued until mid- 
summer, and notwithstanding it was the subject of much unne- 
cessary excitement, yet the mortality only amounted to one 
hundred and sixty-two (162), and yet very little was said of that 
much-dreaded disease, scarlet fever, which amounted to nine 
hundred and fifty-six (956), the highest that we have had since 
the year 1861. 
BIRTHS. 
The number of births registered during the year was seventeen 
thousand one hundred and ninety-four (17,194), an increase over 
the previous year of two hundred and thirty-four (234), or 1.37 
per cent. 
The number of male births was nine thousand one hundred 
and thirty-four (9,134), an increase over the previous year of two 
hundred and seventy three (273), or 3.07 per cent.; the female 
births during the year amounted to eight thousand and sixty 
(8,060), a decrease from the previous year of thirty-nine (39). 69 
The following table will show the number of births in each 
month, the number of colored births, still-births, twins and tri- 
plets : 
TABLE I.-Births. 
1870. 
MONTHS. 
Total. 
Births. 
Black. 
Still-born. 
Twins. 
Triplets. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
F. 
M. 
January 
1,560 
849 
711 
11 
10 
43 
27 
12 
February 
1,376 
739 
637 
4 
3 
43 
32 
12 
March 
1,358 
697 
661 
4 
2 
54 
33 
16 
1 
April 
1,262 
667 
595 
6 
3 
34 
20 
15 
May 
1,301 
686 
615 
5 
4 
58 
32 
8 
June 
1,332 
705 
627 
6 
3 
41 
30 
11 
July 
1,420 
732 
688 
3 
4 
31 
27 
10 
1 
August 
1,528 
802 
726 
7 
2 
46 
32 
11 
September 
1,504 
795 
709 
8 
2 
33 
16 
7 
October 
1,528 
819 
709 
2 
6 
31 
25 
15 
November 
1,416 
772 
644 
3 
6 
39 
26 
15 
1 
December 
1,609 
871 
738 
3 
4 
36 
33 
8 
Total 
17,194 
9,134 
8,060 
62 
49 
489 
333 
140 
3 
Twin-births.-The number of twin-births amounted to one hun- 
dred and forty (140), an increase over the previous year of thir- 
ty-eight (38 j. 
Triplets.-During the year three sets of triplets were reported, 
one set in the month of March, one in July, and one in Novem- 
ber. 
Colored Births.-The number of colored births registered dur- 
ing the year amounted to one hundred and eleven (111), a de- 
crease from the previous year of thirty-two (32). 
Still-births.-We have registered eight hundred and twenty- 
wo (822) still births; four hundred and eighty-nine (489) were 
males, and three hundred and thirty-three (333) were females. 70 
The number of births in each quarter of the year was as 
follows: 
First quarter, ending March 31st, 4,294 = 24.97 per cent. 
Second " " June 30th, 3,895 = 22.66 " 
Third " " Sept. 30th, 4,452 = 25.89 " 
Fourth " " Dec. 31st, 4,553 = 26.48 
Total, - - - 17,194=100. 
■ ■ 
The following table presents the births in each ward during 
the year 1870: 
TABLE II. 
BIRTHS IN EACH WARD, 1870. 
First 
601 
Eleventh 
518 
Twenty-first 
578 
Second 
542 
Twelfth 
388 
Twenty-second 
690 
Third 
475 
Thirteenth 
474 
Twenty-third 
525 
Fourth 
442 
Fourteenth 
537 
Twenty-fourth .... 
726 
Fifth 
304 
Fifteenth... 
; 1,175 
Twenty-fifth 
433 
Sixth 
310 
Sixteenth..., 
555 
Twenty-sixth 
951 
Seventh 
697 
Seventeenth 
720 
Twenty-seventh.... 
540 
Eighth 
296 
Eighteenth 
552 
Twenty-eighth 
218 
Ninth 
329 
Nineteenth 
1,436 
Unknown, 
142 
Tenth 
411 
Twentieth 
1,629 
Total 
....17,194 
It will be observed from the foregoing table that the highest 
number of births occurred in the Twentieth Ward, one thousand 
six hundred and twenty-nine (1,629); then follows the Nine- 
teenth, one thousand four hundred and thirty-six (1,436) ; the 
lowest number in the Twenty-eighth, two hundred and eighteen 
(218). 
The average births per month during the year was 1,433 
" " " " week " " " 330 
" " « (]ay « « « 47 71 
MARRIAGES. 
The number of marriages registered during the year 1870 
amounted to six thousand four hundred and twenty-one (6,421), 
an increase over the previous year of thirty nine (39). 
The number and percentage of marriages in each quarter of 
the year were as follows: 
First quarter, ending March 31st, 1,559 = 24.28 per cent. 
Second " " June 30th, 1,516 = 23.61 " 
Third " " Sept. 30th, 1,425=22.19 " 
Fourth " " Dec. 31st, 1,921 = 29.92 " 
Total, - - - 6,421 = 100. " 
The following table gives the birth-place of those married: 
TABLE III.-Marriages. Nativities of the Parties. 
BIRTH-PLACE OF BRIDES. 
Total 
of 
grooms. 
1 
Percent'ge 
of 
grooms. 
NATIVITIES. 
U. States 
Foreign. 
Not given. 
BIRTH-PLACE 
OF GROOMS. 
United States 
Foreign 
Not given 
3,375 
671 
33 
286 
1,734 
4 
16 
9 
293 
3,677 
2,414 
330 
59.84 
40.16 
Total of the brides 
4,079 
2,024 
318 
6,421 
Percentage of brides 
66.01 
33.99 
100.= 
It will be observed three thousand six hundred and seventy- 
seven (3,677), or 59.84 per cent, of men married were natives of 
the United States, of whom three thousand three hundred and 
seventy-five (3,375) married women of the United States, two 
hundred and eighty-six (286) married foreign women, and six- 
teen (16) married women whose nativities were unknown. 
The number of men married, of foreign birth, amounted to 
two thousand four hundred and fourteen (2,214), or 40.16 per 
cent., of whom six hundred and seventy-one (671) married 72 
women of the United States, one thousand seven hundred and 
thirty-four (1,734) married foreign women, and nine (9) married 
women whose nativities were unknown. 
The number of men married whose nativities were unknown 
amounted to three hundred and thirty (330), of whom thirty- 
three (33) married women of the United States, four (4) mar- 
ried foreign women, and two hundred and ninety-three (293) 
married women whose nativities were unknown. 
The number of women married who were natives of the United 
States was four thousand and seventy-nine (4,079), or 66.01 per 
cent., of whom three thousand three hundred and seventy-five 
(3,375) married men of the United States, two hundred and 
eighty-six (286) married foreign men, and sixteen (16) married 
men whose nativities were unknown. 
Two thousand and twenty-four (2,024), or 33.99 per cent., 
women of foreign birth were married, of whom two hundred and 
eighty-six (286) married men of the United States, and one 
thousand seven hundred and thirty-four (1,734) married foreign 
men, and four (4) married men whose nativities were unknown. 
The number of women married whose nativities were unknown 
amounted to three hundred and eighteen (318), of whom sixteen 
(16) married men of the United States, nine (9) married foreign 
men, and two hundred and ninety-three (293) married men 
whose nativites were unknown. 
Of the whole number of persons married (of both parties), 
natives of the United States amounted to seven thousand seven 
hundred and fifty-six (7,756), while those of foreign birth 
amounted to four thousand four hundred and thirty-eight 
(4,438). 
The number of marriages in which both parties were natives 
of the United States was three thousand three hundred and 
seventy-five (3,375), and the number of marriages in which both 
parties were of foreign birth was one thousand seven hundred 
and thirty four (1,734), and the number of marriages in which 
the nativities of both parties were unknown amounted to two 
hundred and ninety-three (293). 73 
The following table will show the ages of the parties married 
during the year, and their percentages: 
TABLE IV.-Marriages. Age of the 
Parties 
1870. 
AGES OF THE WOMEN. 
Total of men. 
Percentage of 
men. 
Under 20. 
20 to 25. 
25 to 30. 
30 to 40. 
40 to 50. 
J 50 to 60. 
| 60 to 70 
Not given. 
£ 
n 
H 
O 
QO 
04 
0 
17 
791 
268 
67 
2 
1 
8 
1,293 
1,079 
321 
41 
7 
1 
25 
2,271 
1,967 
1,182 
353 
133 
47 
4 
2 
437 
.38 
35.36 
30.63 
18.71 
5.49 
2.07 
.73 
.06 
.03 
20 to 25 
147 
493 
443 
66 
8 
3 
25 
101 
313 
167 
42 
12 
2 
10 
32 
72 
51 
16 
2 
13 
16 
5 
1 
1 
25 to 30 
30 to 40 
40 to 50 
50 to 60........ 
4 
23 
14 
1 
1 
1 
60 to 70 
1 
1 
1 
70 to 80 
80 to 90 
Not given 
7 
2 
428 
Total of the women, 
1,146 
2,757 
1,162 
660 
185 
43 
4 
464 
6,421 
Percentage of the 
women 
17.84 
42.93 
18.09 
10.27 
2.88 
.66 
.06 
The number of men married under twenty was twenty-five 
(25), or .38 per cent., of whom seventeen (17) married women 
under twenty, and eight (8) married between twenty and twenty- 
five. 
The number of men married between the age of twenty and 
twenty-five amounted to two thousand two hundred and seventy- 
one (2,271), or 35.36 per cent., of whom seven hundred and 
ninety one (791) married women under twenty, one thousand 
two hundred and ninety-three (1,293) married women be- 
tween twenty and twenty-five, one hundred and forty-seven 
(147) married women between twenty five and thirty, twenty- 74 
five (25) married women between thirty and forty, two (2) mar- 
ried women between forty and fifty, and thirteen (13) married 
women whose age was not given. 
The number of men married between twenty-five and thirty 
was one thousand nine hundred and sixty-seven (1,967), or 
30.63 per cent., of whom two hundred and sixty-eight (268) 
married women under twenty, one thousand and seventy-nine 
(1,079) married women between twenty and twenty five, four 
hundred and ninety-three (493) married women between twenty- 
five and thirty, one hundred and one (101) married women 
between thirty and forty, ten (10) married women between forty 
and fifty, and sixteen (16) married women whose age was not 
given. 
The number of men married between thirty and forty amounted 
to one thousand one hundred and eighty-two (1,182), or 18.71 
per cent., of whom sixty seven (67) married women under twen- 
ty, three hundred and twenty-one (321) married women between 
twenty and twenty-five, four hundred and forty-three (443) mar- 
ried women between twenty-five and thirty, three hundred and 
thirteen (313) married women between thirty and forty, thirty- 
two (32) married women between forty and fifty, one (1) married 
a woman between sixty and seventy, and five (5) married women 
whose age was not given. 
The number of men married over the age of forty amounted 
to five hundred and thirty-nine (539), or 8.38 per cent. 
The number of women married under twenty amounted to one 
thousand one hundred and forty-six (1,146), or 17.84 per cent., 
of whom seventeen (17) married men under twenty, seven hun- 
dred and ninety-one (791) married men between twenty and 
twenty-five, two hundred and sixty-eight (268) married men be- 
tween twenty-five and thirty, sixty-seven (67) married men be- 
tween thirty and forty, two (2) married men between forty and 
fifty, and one (1) married a man between fifty and sixty. 
The number of women married between twenty and twenty- 
five was two thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven (2,757), or 75 
42.93 per cent., of whom eight (8) married men under twenty, 
one thousand two hundred and ninety-three (1,293) married men 
between twenty and twenty-five, one thousand and seventy-nine 
(1,079) married men between twenty-five and thirty, three hun- 
dred and twenty-one (321) married men between thirty and forty, 
forty-one (41) married men between forty and fifty, seven (7) 
married men between fifty and sixty, one (1) married a man be- 
tween sixty and seventy, and seven (7) married men whose age 
was not given. 
The number of women married between twenty-five and thirty 
amounted to one thousand one hundred and sixty-two (1,162), 
or 18.09 per cent., of whom one hundred and forty-seven (147) 
married men between twenty and twenty-five, four hundred and 
ninety-three (493) married men between twenty five and thirty, 
four hundred and forty-three (443) married men between thirty 
and forty, sixty-six (66) married men between .forty and fifty, 
eight (8) married men between fifty and sixty, three (3) married 
men between sixty and seventy, and two (2) married men whose 
age is not given. 
The number of women married between thirty and forty was 
six hundred and sixty (660), or 10.27 per cent., of whom twenty- 
five (25) married men between twenty and twenty-five, one hun- 
dred and one (101) married men between twenty-five and thirty, 
three hundred and thirteen (313) married men between thirty 
and forty, one hundred and sixty-seven (167) married men be- 
tween forty and fifty, forty-two (42) married men between fifty 
and sixty, and twelve (12) married men between sixty and sev- 
enty. 
The number of women married over the age of forty was two 
hundred and thirty-two (232), or 3.60 per cent. 
There were four (4) women married between sixty and seventy, 
of whom one (1) married a man between thirty and forty, one 
(1) married a man between sixty and seventy, one (1) married 
a man between seventy and eighty, and one (1) married a man 
between eighty and ninety. 76 
The ages of four hundred and thirty-seven (437) men and four 
hundred and sixty-four (464) women have been omitted. 
The following table will give the number of marriages solem- 
nized during the year, with the various ceremonies employed: 
TABLE V.-Marriages. Ceremonies employed. 
j Total 
January 
February 
March 
April 
May 
June 
July 
August 
September 
October 
November 
December 
1 
1 
MONTHS. 
1870. 
6421 
580 
486 
493 
472 
518 
526 
442 
421 
562 
683 
639 
599 
Total. 
tn 
to 
134 
102 
125 
108 
w 
115 
94 
109 
114 
164 
174 
168 
Methodist. 
1205 
120 
122 
28 
85 
110 
84 
H 
100 
132 
130 
w 
72 
Catholic. 
s? 
^l^^JCn.-^J^CnGCCOQiOGO 
Presbyterian. 
o 
co 
05 
-i^!Goo5COCncn4xeocntncn 
O5CnO54---lOOOtOOCnO^ 
Episcopal. 
05<0«»U^tO^Cn4i.C005C005 
^4^QO05*4O©OO*4I^COC> 
Baptist. 
en 
to 
tn 
COCOOk^COtf^t^-^^^kUQi 
4^ tO tO 05 •-' O CO 4- O 05 4- 
Lutheran. 
co 
S 
tn 
18 
24 
39 
38 
33 
37 
32 
23 
40 
34 
27 
20 
Aldermen. 
CO 
38 
27 
33 
37 
28 
33 
26 
28 
34 
33 
20 
31 
German Reformed. 
W 
to 
7 
10 
10 
19 
11 
13 
6 
6 
8 
20 
11 
11 
Independent. 
GO 
to 
^CnO05h-'C0-lOt0t0t0Cn 
Mayor. 
05 
05 
coo^r^cotocoo3Mcooe» 
11 ebrew 
co 
05 
co to co : t-> co co ~r cn co to 
Evangelical Assoc'n 
CO • 
CntO)05t04^COt~*to: ►-* to co 
Dutch Reformed. 
§ 
to co to : : j-* m co co m : 4^ 
Unive' sal 
5 
to co to w : : : to m : 
Moravian. 
K 
u : co m : w >-< : : tot-1 
Congregational. 
g 
. : co : u: : to • 
Friends. 
CO 
co to : m to : >-*>-•: : m to 
Church of Christ. 
to ^ : : : u _ : : ■ : to 
Unitarian. 
©» 
to h> h> 
Independ't German. 
Second Advent. 
By reference to the above table it will be observed that the 
1 argest number of marriages were solemnized by Methodist cere- 
mony, one thousand five hundred and twenty-four (1,524); then 
follows the Catholic, one thousand two hundred and five (1,205); 
Presbyterian, seven hundred and thirty-five (735); Episcopal, 
six hundred and eighty-six (686); then follows the various cere- 
monies, making in all twenty-one different denominations. 
The largest number of marriages occurred in the month of 77 
October, six hundred and eighty-three (683), while the month of 
August only contributed four hundred and twenty-one (421). 
The average marriages per month, - - - 535 
" " week, ... 123 
" " day, - - . 17 
MORTALITY. 
The number of interments in the City during the year amounted 
to sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty (16,750), an increase 
over the previous year of one thousand nine hundred and sixty- 
four (1,964), or 13.20 per cent. 
Total number of interments during the year 1870, - 16,750 
White ....15,669 
Colored 1,081 
Total 16,750 
Males 8,787 
Females 7,963 
Total 16,750 
Male adults 4,084 
Female " 3,841 
7,925 
Male children . 4,703 
Female " 4,122 
8,825 
Total 16,750 
Deaths from registered diseases 14,328 
" Still-born 822 
" " Old age 588 
" Unknown, external and accidental causes.. 1,012 
Total 16,750 78 
From the above estimate we find the total interments in our 
City were sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty (16,750), 
from which deduct still-born and those brought from the country 
for burial within the City limits, neither of which should be 
included in our bills of mortality, and the following statement 
will show the actual mortality in our City for the year 1870: 
Total interments during the year 16,750 
Deduct still-born 822 
" from country 611 
1,433 
Net deaths in City 15,317 
Taking the net deaths in our City, fifteen thousand three hun- 
dred and seventeen (15,317), and making the basis of our cal- 
culations on the late census, six hundred and seventy-four thou- 
sand and twenty-two (674,022), we find the deaths in our City to 
be 1 in every 44 of the population, thus showing the health of 
the City to be good, notwithstanding the high bill of mortality; 
and if the census could be properly taken, we feel confident that 
the figures would have been much higher. Notwithstanding it 
was retaken, it is still defective, and will continue so until a 
plan similar to that used in England is adopted, i. e., to have the 
entire City canvassed within a few hours; and we urge the ne- 
cessity for our City Councils to take the matter in hand, and have a 
semi-decennial census taken, which would prove of immense value 
to the commercial, financial and manufacturing interests of our 
City, and would enable us to issue statistics of more reliable 
character. We have the facilities in our City for securing more 
correct details, and would make such a census more reliable than 
that made by the General Government. 
By reference to the following table (No. VI.) it will be ob- 
served that the number of diseases seems to be increasing from 
year to year, many of which seem to be analogous, and the dif- 
ficulty can never be obviated until the medical profession adopt 
a system of nomenclature, and confine themselves strictly to the 79 
same. A few years ago the attention of the College of Physi- 
cians was called to the subject by the late Dr. Wilson Jewell, 
the originator and projector of the present Registration Law, 
and a member of the Board of Health, and it was referred to a 
Special Committee to prepare a proper nomenclature of diseases 
to enable the Registrar to make the proper classification, which 
matter still remains with said Committee, or if any action has 
been taken thereon no information has reached us. When 
the nomenclature is once adopted, and this department noti- 
fied, we will then inform every physician residing in our 
City, and endeavor to present not only our weekly bill of mor- 
tality, but our annual report, far more correct than at present. 
It would astonish some of the medical faculty to examine the 
death register in this office, and see the disgraceful terms used 
by many of the practitioners of medicine. Such terms as 
" amonia" for " pneumonia," " still-born" for a child two days 
old, and many other ridiculous terms. If the medical profession 
of all branches would unite and use every exertion to carry out 
a recent law passed by our Legislature (see p. 705, Pamphlet 
Laws, 1870), many of the present evils would be averted, and 
the standard of the medical profession elevated to that stand- 
point that once honored the diploma as a merited tribute to one 
entering on the duties of his noble profession. 
Statistics to be of value must be correct, and the following 
table has been prepared with great care, and is as accurate as 
can be made, taking into consideration the material we have to 
work upon, and we would urge all those whose duty it is to make 
returns to this office to be as correct as possible, and co-operate 
with us in correcting the evils which we have been subjected to, 
and have our statistics to compare favorable with those of other 
cities. Table VI.- Total Interments in the City | of Philadelphia during the year 1870. 
- it 
WARDS. 
- 
DISEASES. 
Total. 
Males. 
Females. 
Boys. 
Girls. 
AGES. 
0 j 60! 70 80 90 (100110 3 
0 50 60 70 80 90 100 < 
| Minors. 
J Alms-house. 
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16 
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93 
6 
310 
33 
4 
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Casualties 
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6 29 81165 38 1 .. 
7 10 6 8 5 1 1 3 1 
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ol 32 26 26 18 31170 68154 
Cerebro-spinal Menin 
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. 15 
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s 2 
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6 
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12 
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3 
3 
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3 .... 
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.... 
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118 
3 
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15 
15 
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44 Spine 
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13 
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18 
1 
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2 68 
6 
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8111 
" Pnerpera 
Consumption of Bo w 
" Lungs. 
)3 12 
5 153 Table VI.- Continued. 
DISEASES. 
Total. 
, Males. 
j Females. 
| Boys. 
| Girls. | 
AGES. 
1 Adults. 
J Minors. 
I Alms-house. 
0 
'o 
Q 
| Country. 
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1 
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6 
1 
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1 
WARDS. 
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2 
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50 
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80 
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1 
16 
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63 
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59 
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10 
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9 
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28 
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. ..„ 
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" Infantum 
" Morbus 
Concussion of Brain... 
" " Bowels. 
Constipation 
Compression of Brain. 
" ofthe Spine. 
Cramps 
Collapse of Lungs 
Coup de Soleil 
1 
"'"i 
1 
79 
Debility 
60 
"'i3 
22 
1 
14 
7 
9 
4 
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1 
4 
25 
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2 
1 
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1 
6 
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2 
1 
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4 
1 
13 
1 
3 
1 
1 
1 
1 
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3 
1 
1 
"17 
16 
12 
1 
15 
2 
12 
2 
2 
8 
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3 
2 
1 
2 
4 
5 
Degeneration of the 
Kidneys 
1 
1 
9 
72 
111 
9 
103 
20 
77 
19 
1 
10 
1 
1 
8 
74 
7 
1 
1 
1 
224 
7 
34 
32 
12 
1 
1 
14 
13 
4 
5 3 
Degeneration of the 
Liver 
164 
85 
1 
70 
4 
126 
15 
1 
11 
1 
"2'3 
Diphtheria . 
10 
Diabetes 
3 
1 
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37 
4 
82 
9 
1 
4 
' "4 
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3 
5 
It 
i" 
> 41 
1< 
6 2 
"* " Abdominal 
" of the Brain.... 
" " Chest 
" " Glottis.... 
" " Heart.... 
" " Kidneys. 
" " Liver 
" " Lungs.... 
" " Ovaries.. 
Disease of the Brain.. 
" " Bladder 
" " Breast.. 
" " Chest... 
" " Glottis.. 
" " Heart.... 
3 
1 
2 
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4 
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" " Pros.Gld 
" " Rectum. 
" " Stom.&I 
" " Skin 
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" " Spleen.. 
" " Throat.. 
« " Uterus. 
Drowned 
21 
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4 
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2 
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1 
35 
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Dysentery 
Eczema 
Effusion on the Brain 
" " Chest. Table VI. Continued. 
- 
- 
DISEASES. 
Total. 
j Males. 
j Females. 
| Boys. 
j Girls. 
AGES. 
■5 
<1 
1 
""9 
"1 
2 
1 
23 
27 
2 
1 
13 
2 
2 
1 
7 
4 
2 
5 
""2 
....„ 
""'5 
25 
1 
4 
144 
22 
13 
1 
258 
47 
12 
1 
3 
5 
31 
1 
2 
11 
8 
33 
1 
2 
3a 
1 
5 
15 
| Minors. 
Alms-house. 
f Color. 
| Country. 
Nativity. 
WARDS. 
no 
0 
M 
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1 
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1 
2 
4 
1 
1 
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1 
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1 
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19 
5 
1 
1 
1 
7 
17 
1 
4 
89 
16 
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1 
279 
41 
3 
1 
1 
1 
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: : :::::: Foreign, 
to: >-* to r-' 1-■ i-* rfs. : to m m h : : er : : : : 1 
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : • | Unknown. 
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45 
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Effusion on the Heart. 
" " Lungs. 
" " Pleura 
Empyema 
1 
1 
2 
10 
1 
1 
5 
1 
31 
58 
4 
1 
13 
3 
2 
2 
10 
3 
19 
5 
1 
4 
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7 
29 
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162 
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151 
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22 
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2 
1 
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1 
1 
1 
1 
Emphysema of Lungs. 
Emphysema of Liver. 
Enlargement of Brain 
Enlargement of Heart 
Enlargement of Liver. 
Epilepsy 
5 
1 
3 
17 
25 
2 
1 
7 
1 
1 
'2 
7 
4 
2 
3 
10 
4 
1 
1 
6 
29 
1 
2 
41 
10 
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181 
28 
. 6 
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1 
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3 
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474 
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13 
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2 
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1 
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3 
....r 
1 
2 
1 
17 
33 
2 
6 
2 
1 
...... 
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4 
2 
""2 
3 
1 
i 
1 
1 
11 
31 
2 
3 
5 
■"'4 
1 
Erysipelas 
Exposure 
Fatty degeneration.... 
Fatty degeneration of 
the Heart. 
" " Kidneys. 
" " Liver 
Fever 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
3 
1 
1 
2 
19 
3 
1 
2 
" Bilious 
" Brain 
** Continued 
3 
1 
1 
4 
9 
1 
1 
3 
2 
1 
1 
" Congestive 
" Catarrhal 
<l Gastric .... 
9 
1 
1 
"'i'i 
10 
469 
"7'9 
9 
i 
" i 
" "4 
1 
1 
1 
ii 
..... 
" " 'f 
""2 
....„ 
"13 
15 
18 
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17 
9 
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5 
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2 
2 
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11 
1 
3 
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28 
3 
2 
1 
i 
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6 
1 
1 
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1 
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74 
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5 
" "'i 
' i 
' i 
2 
""3 
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1 
2 
' "9 
1 
" Hectic 
2 
1 
2 
1 
" Intermittent 
1 
2 
4 
" Nervous 
1 
2 
121 
23 
470 
1 
228 
41 
6 
1 
1 
3 
2 
2 
3 
17 
2 
2 
3 
1 
30 
2 
29 
1 
8 
2 
1 
" Puerperal., 
" Petechial 
" Rheumatic 
" Relapsing 
18 
11 
943 
51 
107 
3 
6 
" Remittent. 
« Scarlet 
19 
" Surgical 
" Typhoid 
20 
5 
151 
22 
10 
10 
20 
10 
" Typhus 
Yellow 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 
15 
""3 
1 
11 
16 
1 
7 
" "i 
' "i 
2 
1 
■■"4 
3 
""3 
Fracture of the Leg... 
" " Skull... 
" " Spine... 
" " Thigh.. 
" 1 
1 
2 
21 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
26 
2 
2 
1 
5 
2 
22 
2 
3 
9 
3 
45 
1 
2 
28 
1 
9 
7 
29 
1 
■'ll 
' i 
15 
« 
1 
4 
1 
1 
1 
7 
Hernia 
Heart Clot 
"12 
""f 
6( 
5 
4 
Hemorrhage .. 
" from Bladder... 
" " Kidneys... 
6 
1 
5 
« Nose 
'""5 
" i 
64 
9 
8 
2 
104 
1 
f 
1 
" " Stom. & B 
" " Uterus 
1 
... 
""2 
2 
105 
1 
6 
Hooping Cough 
45 
1 
4' Table VI.- Continued. 
DISEASES. 
Inflammation 
S 
1 
413 
161 
25 
1 
3 
36 
23 
1 
36 
811 
32 
95 
17 
1 
7 
281 
3 
9 
18 
6 
290 
27 
7 
33 
3 
650 
56 
21 
48 
1 
17 
2 
10 
5 
1 
588 
26 
1 
1 
4 
226 
1 
6 
43 
1 
14 
5 
3 
2 
1 
1 
80 
2 
79 
1 
2 
1 
4 
| Males. 
es 
g 
1 
188 
80 
3 
1 
1 
22 
11 
1 
12 
370 
11 
64 
9 
I Boys. 
5 
1 
155 
42 
1 
1 
1 
9 
4 
1 
2 
193 
8 
9 
AGES. 
73 
"*76 
66 
22 
"21 
16 
"27 
397 
6 
64 
15 
'""5 
144 
1 
"16 
6 
49 
27 
7 
18 
1 
38 
56 
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1 
15 
1 
8 
4 
1 
588 
13 
1 
1 
4 
216 
1 
6 
31 
1 
11 
5 
2 
1 
1 
1 
16 
1 
76 
1 
2 
1 
2 
0 
fl 
3 
1 
337 
95 
3 
1 
3 
15 
7 
1 
9 
414 
26 
21 
2 
1 
2 
137 
2 
9 
2 
| Alms house. 
0 
'o 
Country. 
Nativity. 
WARDS. 
m to s- to " I U. States. 
a 
'S 
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31 
11 
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3 
1 
16 
209 
1 
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5 
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60 
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3 
11 
8 
3 
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1 
24 
25 
: : : Unknown, 
co 4^: : m co 00: 1 
5 5 
75 ® 
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1 
137 
51 
1 
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198 
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25 
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i 
2 
i 
"5 
8 
6 
"6 
4 
i 
14 
2 
"4 
"i 
2 
1 
i'i 
"4 
9 
1 
6 
"3 
i 
i 
7 
21 
18 
3 
"i 
3 
"4 
47 
1 
4 
1 
16 
"i 
16 
2 
3 
30 
3 
1 
1 
"2 
35 
i 
i'i 
"7 
"4 
6 
"5 
i 
8 
i'i 
"4 
26 
1 
1 
1 
"i 
6 
"5 
i 
io 
1 
1 
.18 
"i 
6 
i 
'2 
"3 
9 
"5 
4 
i 
1 
13 
1 
2 
1 
"e 
"2 
i 
12 
1 
"i 
15 
2 
i 
10 
ii 
7 
1 
i'i 
4 
3 
1 
"5 
5 
"1 
i'» 
i 
1 
i 
1 
28 
1 
"7 
"i 
"2 
"4 
11 
io 
8 
i 
"i 
13 
1 
"i 
6 
"2 
2 
"3 
1 
16 
1 
"i 
"2 
i'i 
"2 
i 
"2 
12 
"7 
1 
i 
17 
"2 
1 
7 
i 
1 
i 
"7 
1 
3 
"i 
i'i 
1 
"7 
i 
"i 
13 
6 
1 
2 
i 
16 
3 
16 
"i 
"6 
i'6 
2 
1 
12 
i'6 
"2 
i 
14 
"6 
4 
2 
"i 
is 
"4 
"6 
"6 
i 
i'6 
i 
"4 
1'7 
"6 
"2 
"i 
"2 
"4 
15 
1 
20 
10 
1 
'4 
4 
"5 
58 
4 
10 
2 
i'i 
1 
i 
24 
1 
"6 
47 
3 
1 
1 
"i 
1 
34 
4 
ii 
"2 
i 
i 
11 
"4 
"2 
16 
i'i 
3 
"i 
1 
"i 
23 
2 
3 
"6 
"2 
"5 
"i 
i'i 
1 
i'3 
2 
"5 
"i 
"i 
"2 
i 
17 
18 
1 
3 
1 
3 
16 
3 
9 
2 
1 
2 
31 
2 
i 
i 
16 
1 
"9 
"2 
"3 
18 
39 
2 
"2 
"i 
35 
1 
4 
"i 
14 
"6 
"2 
38 
2 
2 
"i 
2'2 
2 
i'6 
i 
1 
"i 
"3 
"3 
19 
"29 
11 
1 
' "i 
4 
44 
3 
6 
1 
"22 
' "i 
1 
25 
1 
1 
3 
76 
1 
2 
3 
" 1 
"3'5 
2 
"12 
""i 
3 
""2 
1 
""4 
""3 
20 
3'5 
7 
3 
"2 
"6 
53 
3 
5 
1 
i'3 
2 
1 
20 
1 
"2 
1 
23 
3 
3 
3 
i 
26 
2 
i 
ii 
1 
i 
"i 
9 
1 
7 
21 
"2 
1 
2 
i'i 
"5 
2 
1 
9 
"4 
i 
"9 
i 
"i 
i 
22 
"8 
4 
i 
2'2 
4 
4 
i 
"9 
'6 
i 
"6 
1 
2 
16 
"i 
13 
"i 
"i 
2 
23 
"8 
1 
"i 
i 
20 
"2 
"4 
8 
2 
"i 
i'e 
1 
1 
"2 
i6 
1 
"9 
i 
4 
i 
24 
i'6 
3 
i 
1 
1 
3'4 
2 
7 
io 
"i 
2 
1 
15 
3 
18 
1 
"i 
2'6 
1 
ii 
"i 
"1 
"3 
"4 
1 
25 
"6 
4 
"2 
2'4 
1 
1 
1 
"5 
"i 
8 
21 
i 
1 
"4 
"3 
"i 
"2 
i 
26 
21 
10 
2 
"i 
47 
1 
8 
18 
"7 
1 
1 
1 
42 
11 
1 
2 
26 
2 
4 
"2 
1 
1 
"2 
2 
"i 
27 
"26 
4 
2 
"■■4 
5 
"'"i 
46 
1 
7 
3 
"2'i 
"5'2 
1 
■"'2 
"'3'i 
8 
1 
2 
1 
' " 'i 
"66 
1 
"16 
■"4 
" "i 
'""6 
""6 
28 
"i 
3 
i 
i'i 
"i 
"2 
"5 
1 
"2 
9 
1 
"6 
1 
"3 
"i 
"i 
" of Brain... 
" Bronchi 
" Bladder 
" Chest 
" Ear 
225 
81 
22 
182 
53 
2 
2 
6 
3 
7 
221 
18 
12 
2 
1 
2 
82 
2 
3 
13 
4 
20 
21 
1 
15 
4 
1 
2 
14 
12 
24 
441 
21 
31 
8 
1 
3 
151 
3 
3 
"3 
138 
18 
3 
2<> 
2 
326 
51 
12 
19 
1 
14 
2 
6 
4 
" Heart.- 
4 
3 
5 
3 
2 
1 
" Kidneys 
" Knee joint.. 
1 
32 
""3 
3 
3 
75 
2 
4 
18 
574 
31 
50 
9 
1 
5 
208 
3 
9 
10 
3 
262 
5 
4 
24 
2 
624 
16 
21 
45 
10 
1 
7 
2 
1 
269 
21 
1 
1 
3 
137 
1 
2 
27 
1 
7 
1 
2 
1 
2 
28 
"■■4 
3 
"1 
13 
■■"2 
"16 
14 
""3 
15 
u Lungs 
29 
1 
2 
0 
12 
1 
1 
1 
" Larynx 
" Peritoneum 
" Pleura 
" Pharynx 
" Spine 
4 
130 
6 
18 
3 
152 
9 
4 
13 
1 
324 
5 
9 
29 
'"3 
4 
1 
1 
396 
12 
1 
1 
1 
120 
" "1 
21 
"9 
3 
2 
1 
29 
1 
31 
" "i 
1 
15 
"15 
" Stom. & B... 
iS Throat 
55 
" Tonsils 
" Uterus 
Intussusception 
6 
2 
1 
1 
19 
4 
1 
3 
Inanition 
115 
" " '6 
2 
309 
12 
19 
''"2 
1 
2 
1 
""'7 
""'4 
6 
126 
"6 
214 
15 
1 
439 
"21 
12 
" "1 
" "i 
""8 
"3 
3 
241 
41 
1 
7 
Intemperance 
Insanity 
Jaundice 
Leucocythemia 
15 
2 
612 
2 
2 
Marasmus 
Mania a potu 
303 
"6 
28 
26 
6 
1 
35 
1 
2 
1 
5 
8 
1 
21 
47 
2 
1 
2 
1 
Measles 
2 
6 
1 
3 
3 
"261 
5 
1 
1 
1 
Melanosis 
1 
Neuralgia 
" of Heart.... 
1 
1 
""'6 
6 
"6 
' "3 
i 
'22 
i 
1 
1 
"58 
Neglect 
Old Age 
192 
14 
36 
36 
1 
23 
1 
Obstruction of Bowels 
" Liver.. 
Ossification of Aorta. 
" Heart- 
Palsy 
13 
1 
19 
76 
■■"4 
12 
""-6 
4 
1 
1 
1 
"'i 
"'"i 
13 
■■■■4 
""i 
""5 
3 
106 
1 
5 
22 
1 
5 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
51 
1 
48 
1 
1 
1 
3 
10 
7 
9 
Perforation of Bowels. 
Poisoning 
1 
2 
""2 
1 
1 
Pyemia 
12 
""3 
4 
Retention of Urine ... 
" of Heart.. 
Rupture 
28 
...... 
1 
1 
1 
" of Heart 
" Intestines 
tl Urethra .. 
Scrofula 
Shock 
Softening of Brain 
" Bones.... 
1 
"42 
1 
2 
" "2 
1 
74 
2 
51 
1 
2 
64 
1 
3 
5 
14 
1 
5 
4 
4 
21 
7 
" '-'W 
" Stomach. 
1 
1 
Q 
3 Table VI. Conhnued. 
. < - -- 
- 
.... - ■ . - . 
DISEASES. 
Females. 
AGES. 
0 
>ple of Color. 
C 
Nativity. 
States. 
fl 
be 
*3 
£ 
0 
fl 
WARDS. 
3 
2 
5 
10 
15 
20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
9ollOO 
110 
o 
Ma 
tog 
Gir 
1 
2 
5 
10 
15 
20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
90 
100 
0 
O 
P 
p 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
14 
i 
13 
18 
I4 
23 
2 
16 
30 
1 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
6 
i 
22 
28 
1 
i 
23 
1.3 
i 
24 
19 
1 
25 
26 
42 
"1 
27 
28 
7 
i 
1 
Still-born 
Stricture of Bowels.... 
" (Esophagus. 
" Pylorus 
" Rectum 
Strangulation 
Suicide 
822 
1 
5 
1 
2 
6 
25 
489 
1 
3 
1 
2 
21 
333 
2 
.. 
4 
4 
489 
1 
" 2 
333 
1 
""4 
822 
"3 
2 
""2 
1 
""o 
"3 
""i 
6 
.t.„. 
i 
"6 
""■4 
""2 
"i 
1 
"i 
""i 
3 
1 
2 
"2'5 
822 
""2 
""e 
78 
' 1 
1 
1 
7 
"3 
822 
3 
1 
6 
9 
1 
9 
10 
7 
10 
1 
19 
3 
27 
44 
37 
2,6 
80 
15 
1 
1 
1 
12 
4 
1 
12 
1 
"i 
2 
1 
1 
"12 
"4 
29 
i 
2 
27 
i 
21 
54 
"i 
45 
"i 
"2 
14 
56 
26 
i 
10 
"1 
"2 
19 
i 
2 
22 
54 
'""i 
34 
i 
33 
i 
71 
""3 
69 
"i 
""3 
23 
8 
Intone in Bladder 
Suppression of Urine 
Smallpox 
Suffocation 
1 
1 
9 
14 
1 
1 
5 
11 
4 
3 
4 
6 
4 
2 
3 
6 
3 
1 
2 
1 
2 
1 
1 
1 
""2 
i 
i 
1 
1 
1 
6 
" "8 
8 
3 
5 
""6 
10 
9 
4 
"2 
"2 
1 
"2 
7 
1 
2 
6 
"3 
"2 
8 
"i 
i 
"3 
' "i 
"1 
1 
i 
" i 
""2 
1 
i 
1 
2 
Sore Throat 
" Mouth 
Struck by Lightning. 
Syphilis 
Syncope 
Tabes Mesenterica 
Teething 
Tetanus 
8 
10 
2 
23 
4 
27 
44 
6 
6 
1 
19 
1 
15 
23 
2 
4 
1 
4 
3 
12 
21 
5 
6 
1 
11 
15 
23 
2 
4 
" 2 
12 
21 
7 
"10 
12 
21 
2 
2 
"io 
23 
3 
1 
" "1 
"3 
2 
"i 
"i 
i 
1 
5 
3 
2 
"i 
2 
1 
' i 
i 
1 
"i 
10 
4 
7 
10 
1 
13 
27 
44 
1 
9 
1 
"3 
3 
2 
1 
i 
2 
2 
20 
3 
"1 
4 
1 
i 
2 
28 
2 
1 
i 
2 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
i 
i 
"i 
i 
i 
"5 
1 
i 
i 
2 
"1 
"i 
i 
i 
"2 
3 
i 
i 
1 
"1 
i 
"1 
"i 
1 
"2 
"1 
1 
""2 
1 
i 
3 
1 
i 
i 
4 
i 
"i 
1 
1 
6 
""2 
""2 
1 
2 
1 
i 
3 
"1 
"4 
2 
"2 
1 
' "i 
"12 
2 
1 
i 
i 
44 
34 
10 
19 
8 
11 
1 
2 
3 
9 
i 
io 
Q 
5 
ii 
27 
5 
3 
2 
7 
2 
1 
1 
1 
3 
6 
2 
2 
5 
3 
2 
i 
1 
1 
1 
2 
i 
Tumor 
Unknown 
Uraemia 
38 
117 
21 
15 
79 
13 
23 
38 
8 
2 
42 
2 
2 
21 
3 
48 
6 
1 
3 
6 
2 
i 
2 
1 
1 
"i 
5 
14 
1 
10 
10 
3 
6 
6 
2 
8 
10 
3 
2 
10 
5 
2 
4 
1 
i 
"i 
34 
54 
16 
4 
63 
5 
2 
8 
2 
3 
16 
1 
"i 
8 
"3 
"3 
3 
4 
2 
1 
1 
6 
"i 
1 
1 
3 
1 
3 
1 
2 
6 
2 
i 
2 
6 
3 
2 
4 
3 
1 
6 
"2 
"2 
1 
1 
4 
12 
3 
12 
3 
"2 
Ulceration 
" of Bladder.. 
" of Lungs... 
" Stom. & B 
" Throat 
Wounds 
" Gun shot 
Worms 
Total 
2 
1 
1 
20 
5 
3 
13 
1 
2 
1 
1 
5 
2 
3 
12 
15 
3 
' 1 
1 
"l 
1 
1 
""2 
3 
3 
"1 
1 
" "2 
" "i 
1 
i 
3 
"1 
i 
1 
1 
"1 
"'3 
""9 
1 
" 4 
1 
1 
""3 
1 
3 
J 
2 
""2 
"i 
10 
2 
1 
"16 
1 
3 
10 
' "1 
4 
4 
""3 
1 
1 
599 
1 
" "i 
1081 
"2 
1 
"V 
1 
2 
1 
"2 
1 
2 
i 
"i 
"2 
i 
"2 
"i 
i 
i 
"i 
478 
i 
1 
i 
1 
"i 
'""2 
446 
"1 
2 
"i 
595 
"i 
1 
"2 
678 
"i 
i 
""i 
1114 
230 
i 
420 
i 
389 
1 
i 
573 
366 
"2 
1 
1 
878 
1 
*936 
256 
16.750 
8787 
7963 
4703 
4122 
4629 
1339 
1464 
644 
300 
449 
1632 
1491 
1269 
1065 
1027 
895 
422 
114 
7925 
8825 
611 
12,584 
3273(893 
5351 
'86 
422(732 
586 
264 
896(440 
321 
359 
336 
369 
4021050 
1182 
The number of Deaths reported f >r the year 1870 16,750 
White 18-669 
16,750 
16,750 
" " " Country 611 
1.433 
The number of Male adults 4,084 
*• " " Female adults 3,841 
" " " Male children 4 703 
" " " Female children 4.122 
- 16750 
Deduct Still-born Males 489 
" Females 333 
-- 822 
" Country 611 
1,433 
Net Deaths in City 15,317 
♦Deduct deaths in Alms-house, 599, and we have the net deaths in the Twenty-seventh Ward, 337. 90 
The mortality of adults amounted to seven thousand nine 
hundred and twenty-five (7,925), an increase over the previous 
year of one thousand two hundred and forty-two (1,242), or 
17.08 per cent., while the mortality of children was eight thou- 
sand eight hundred and twenty-five (8,825), an increase over the 
previous year of seven hundred and twenty-two (722), or 8.91 
per cent. 
By reference to table VI, it will be observed that twelve thou- 
sand five hundred and eighty-four (12,584) of those died were 
born in the United States ; three thousand two hundred and 
seventy-three (3,273) were of foreign birth, and eight hundred 
and ninety-three (893) whose nativities were unknown. 
Apoplexy.-This was the reported cause of two hundred and 
forty (240) deaths, an increase over the previous year of sixty 
(60); one hundred and thirty-eight (138) were males, and one 
hundred and two (102) were females; two hundred and thirty- 
seven (237) were adults and three (3) were children. 
Cancer.-The number of deaths from Cancer were two hun- 
dred and sixty-one (261), an increase over the previous year of 
twenty-nine (29); they were classified as follows: Cancer, one 
hundred and four (104); of the Breast, nineteen (19); of the 
Bladder, one (1); of the Eye, three (3) ; of the Face, two (2); 
of the Jaw, one (1); of the Kidneys, three (3); of the Larynx, 
one (1); of the Lungs, one (1); of the Liver, fifteen (15); of 
the mouth, two (2) ; of the Neck, two (2); of the Ovaries, one 
(1); of the Pancreas, three (3); of the Pylorus, one (1); of the 
Rectum, five (5) ; of the Stomach and Bowels, fifty-two (52); of 
the Throat, one (1) ; of the Thigh, one (1) ; of the Uterus, forty- 
three (43). 
Croup.-Of this much-dreaded disease of children three hun- 
dred and sixteen (316) deaths were reported, an increase over 
the previous year of seventy-nine (79) ; of this number one hun- 
dred and seventy-seven (177) were males, and one hundred and 
thirty-nine (139) were females; the number of children under 
five years amounted to two hundred and seventy-five (275). 91 
Convulsions.-The deaths thus classed amounted to seven hun- 
dred and thirty-three (733), an increase over the previous year 
of eighty-six (86); fifty-two (52) were adults, and six hundred 
and eighty-one (681) were children. 
Consumption of the Lungs.-The number of deaths from Con- 
sumption amounted to two thousand three hundred and eight 
(2,308), an increase over the previous year of three hundred and 
thirty-three (333) ; of those died one thousand four hundred and 
six (1,406) were born in the United States, while those of foreign 
birth were seven hundred and thirty-two (732); the deaths from 
this disease amounted to 13.78 per cent, of the entire bill of mor- 
tality ; the deaths in each month of the year were as follows: 
January, .... 200 July, .... 179 
February, . . . . 197 August, . . . 177 
March, 263 September, . . 135 
April, 206 October, . . . 153 
May, 248 November, . . 214 
June, 156 December, . . 180 
The largest number of deaths occurred in the month of March, 
and the smallest number in October. 
The average deaths from this disease in each month, 192 
" " " " " " " week, 44 
" " " " " " 11 day, 6 
Cholera Infantum.-The number of deaths from this disease 
amounted to one thousand and two (1,002), an increase over the 
previous year of one hundred and seventeen (117) ; four hundred 
and eighty-two (482) were males, and five hundred and twenty 
(520) females; seven hundred and fifty-five (755) died under 
one year. 
Cholera Morbus.-The number of deaths from this disease 
amounted to thirty-eight (38), a decrease from the previous year 
of fourteen (14) ; twenty-three (23) were adults, and fifteen (15) 
were children. 
Diphtheria.-The number of deaths from Diphtheria was one 
hundred and seventy-two (172), a decrease from the previous 92 
year of ten (10); of which number seventy-two (72) were males, 
and one hundred (100) were females; eight (8) were adults, and 
one hundred and sixty-four (164) were children ; they were 
classified as follows: 
Male adults, ... 4 Male children, . . 68 
Female, " .... 4 Female, " ... 96 
Deaths, first quarter, . . 33 
" second " . . 25 
" third " . . 31 
" fourth " . . 88 
Diarrhoea.-The number of deaths reported from this disease 
amounted to one hundred and ninety-one (191), an increase over 
the previous year of sixteen (16); of which one hundred and 
eleven (111) were males, and eighty (80) were females; one 
hundred and six (106) were adults, and eighty-five (85) were 
children. 
Dysentery-Furnishes eighty two (82), a decrease from the 
previous year of eight (8); forty-seven (47) were males, and 
thirty-five (35) were females ; fifty (50) were adults, and thirty- 
two (32) children. 
Debility.-The number of deaths reported under this head 
amounted to eight hundred and nine (809), an increase over the 
previous year of one hundred and seventy-three (173) ; of which 
four hundred and thirty-nine (439) were males, and three hun- 
dred and seventy (370) were females; three hundred and twenty- 
eight (328) were adults, and four hundred and eighty-one (481) 
were children. 
Fever, Relapsing.-In the early part of the year this disease 
made its appearance, and increased rapidly until August, when 
it abated, and a few cases continued through the balance of the 
year ; the number of deaths reported were one hundred and sixty- 
two (162) ; one hundred and twenty-one (121) were males, and 
forty-one (41) were females; one hundred and forty-four (144) 
were adults, and eighteen (18) were children; this disease seemed 93 
to be extraordinarily fatal among the colored portion of our 
population, the number of deaths being one hundred and seven 
(107) or 66.05 per cent, of the entire number, while those of the 
whites only amounted to fifty-five (55) or 33.95 per cent. 
Fever, Scarlet.-The deaths from this much dreaded disease 
amounted to nine hundred and fifty-six (956), an increase over 
the previous year of two hundred and fifty-seven (257), and the 
highest that has been attained in our city since the year 1861; 
of which four hundred and seventy (470) were males, and four 
hundred and eighty-six (486) were females; thirteen (13) were 
adults, and nine hundred and forty-three (943) were children. 
Deaths, first quarter, . . 380 
" second " . . 401 
" third " . 104 
" fourth " . 71 
lever, Typhoid.-The number of deaths from this disease 
amounted to four hundred and nine (409), an increase over the 
previous year of thirty-six (36) ; two hundred and twenty-eight 
(228) were males, and one hundred and eighty-one (181) were 
females ; two hundred and fifty-eight (258) were adults, and one 
hundred and fifty-one (151) were children ; two hundred and 
seventy-nine (279) were natives of the United States, one hun- 
dred and nineteen (119) were of foreign birth, and eleven (11) 
whose nativity were unknown. 
Fever, Typhus.-Of this disease we have registered sixty-nine 
(69), an increase of twenty (20) over the previous year; forty- 
seven (47) were adults, and twrenty-two (22) were children; forty 
one (41) were males, and twenty-eight (28) were females. 
Whooping Cough.-We have registered from this disease one 
hundred and five deaths, (105), an increase over the previous 
year of thirty-one (31); forty-five (45) were males, and sixty (60) 
were females. 
Hernia.-We have registered twelve (12) deaths, a decrease 
from the previous year of four (4); three (3) were males, and 
nine (9) were females. 94 
Inflammation of the Brain.-Of this disease we have recorded 
four hundred and thirteen (413), an increase over the previous 
year of fifty-one (51); two hundred and twenty-five (225) were 
males, and one hundred and eighty eight (188) were females; 
seventy-six (76) were adults, and three hundred and thirty-seven 
(337) were children. 
Murder.-We have registered seventeen (17) deaths from vio- 
lence ; fourteen (14) were males, and three (3) were females; 
fifteen (15) were adults, and two (2) were children. 
Mania-a-Potu.-Under this head we have registered fifty-six 
(56) deaths; fifty-one (51) were males, and five (5) were females; 
sixteen (16) were born in the United States, twenty-five (25) were 
of foreign birth, and fifteen (15) whose nativities were un- 
known. 
Old Age.-The number of deaths reported from old age 
amounted to five hundred and eighty-eight (588), an increase 
over the previous year of one hundred and eight (108) ; one hun- 
dred and ninety-two (192) were males, and three hundred and 
ninety-six (396) were females; the excess of females over the 
previous year was one hundred and five (105); two hundred and 
sixty-nine (269) were natives of the United States, two hundred 
and sixty-one (261) were of foreign birth; and fifty-eight (58) 
whose nativities were unknown. 
Still-Born.-The number of still-born reported were eight 
hundred and twenty-two (822), an increase over the previous 
year of thirty-three (33) ; four hundred and eighty-nine (489) 
were males, and three hundred and thirty-three (333) were 
females. 
Small Pox.-The number of deaths from this disease were nine 
(9), a slight increase over the previous year. 
Tetanus.-The number of deaths from this disease amounted 
to forty-four (44), an increase over the previous year of sixteen 
(16); seventeen adults, and twenty-seven (27) were children; 
thirty-four (34) were males, and ten (10) were females. 95 
Tumor.-The number of deaths reported were thirty-eight 
(38), an increase over the previous year of seventeen (17) ; 
thirty-four (34) were adults, and four (4) were children. 
Teething.-The number of deaths from teething amounted to 
forty-four (44), an increase over the previous year of twelve (12) ; 
twenty-three (23) were males, and twenty-one (21) were females. 
Wounds, Gun Shot.-The deaths from gun shot wounds were 
thirteen (13), an increase of six (6) over the previous year. 
The following table shows the percentage of deaths during 
certain specified periods of life, compared with a similar state- 
ment of the mortalitv in the vear 1869. 
TABLE VII. 
1869. 
1870. 
Under 
1 
year, 
4,324 
Being 
29.24 
per cent. 
4,629 
Being 
27.63 per cent. 
1 
to 
2 
cc 
1,279 
cc 
8.65 
1,339 
7.90 
2 
« 
5 
CC 
1,292 
cc 
8.74 
1,464 
CC 
8.74 " 
5 
« 
10 
cc 
562 
cc 
3.12 
644 
cc 
3.84 
10 
cc 
15 
CC 
260 
cc 
1.75 
CC 
300 
cc 
1.79 " 
15 
« 
20 
cc 
386 
cc 
2.61 
cc 
449 
« 
2.68 " 
20 
cc 
30 
cc 
1,408 
CC 
9.52 
« 
1,632 
cc 
9.74 " 
30 
Ct 
40 
CC 
1,251 
cc 
8.46 
cc 
1,491 
cc 
8.90 " 
40 
50 
cc 
1,020 
cc 
6.89 
cc 
1,269 
cc 
7.57 " 
50 
cc 
60 
cc 
882 
cc 
5.96 
cc 
1,065 
cc 
6.35 " 
60 
70 
cc 
896 
cc 
6.05 
cc 
1,027 
cc 
613 " 
79 
cc 
80 
« 
742 
cc 
5.01 
895 
cc 
5.34 " 
80 
CC 
90 
cc 
402 
2.71 
« 
422 
cc 
2.51 " 
90 
CC 
100 
cc 
76 
cc 
.50 
114 
cc 
.68 * 
100 
110 
cc 
6 
cc 
.04 
cc 
10 
cc 
.05 
Total 
14,786 
16,750 96 
It will be observed from the foregoing table, that four thou- 
sand six hundred and twenty-nine (4,629), or 27.63 per cent, of 
all the deaths were of children under one year of age; one thou- 
sand three hundred and thirty-nine (1,339), or 7.90 per cent., 
between the age of one and two ; one thousand four hundred and 
sixty-four (1,464), or 8.74 per cent., between the age of two and 
five; six hundred and forty-four (644), or 3 84 per cent., be- 
tween the age of five and ten; three hundred (300), or 1.79 per 
cent., between the age of ten and fifteen ; four hundred and forty 
nine (449), or 2.68 per cent., between the age of fifteen and 
twenty; one thousand six hundred and thirty-two (1,632), 9.74 
per cent., between the age of twenty and thirty ; one thousand 
four hundred and ninety-one (1,491), or 8.90 per cent., between 
the age of thirty and forty; one thousand two hundred and sixty- 
nine (1,269), or 7.57 per cent., between the age of forty and fifty; 
one thousand and sixty-five (1.065), or 6.35 per cent., between 
the age of fifty and sixty; one thousand and twenty-seven (1,027), 
or 6.13 per cent., between the age of sixty and seventy; eight 
hundred and ninety-five (895), or 5.34 per cent., between the age 
of seventy and eighty; four hundred and twenty-two (422), or 
2.51 per cent,, between the age of eighty and ninety; one hun- 
dred and fourteen (114) or .68 per cent., between the age of 
ninety and one hundred ; ten (10), or .05 per cent., between the 
age of one hundred and one hundred and ten. 
The total number of children under ten years was eight thou- 
sand and seventy-six (8,076), or 48.11 per cent, of the total mor- 
tality, while those over the age of seventy amounted to one thou- 
sand four hundred and forty-one (1,441), or 8.58 per cent.; the 
following comparative statement of the deaths in each quarter of 
the year, will prove of interest in connection with the mortality 
of children. 97 
Comparative Statement of the Deaths in each quarter of the 
year 1870. 
Adults. 
Children. 
Excess 
Of Children. 
Total. 
First quarter, 
2,220 
2,181 
4,401 
Second " 
2,079 
2,166 
87 
4,245 
Third " 
1,908 
2,994 
1,086 
4,902 
Fourth " 
1,718 
1,484 
3,202 
7,925 
8,825 
16,750 
It will be observed that during the third quarter the mortality 
of children amounted to one thousand and eighty-six (1,086), or 
36.27 per cent, in excess of adults; this large mortality occurred 
in the summer months, and on reference to our mortuary tables 
we find the principal causes of deaths were diseases of the bowels 
so prevalent at this season, and can be attributed, and very justly, 
to the unwise, imprudent and indiscriminate purchase of green 
fruit which our markets are glutted with in the early part of 
the season; the sale of this poison is enormous and is a more 
serious matter than many suppose, and it would be well if our 
city authorities would turn their attention to the subject and pass 
such stringent laws as to prevent the sale of unripe fruit any- 
where within the limits of the City. 98 
The following table of mortality in each ward, with popula- 
tion according to the late census, with the ratio of deaths to 
population and the percentage of deaths in each ward to the 
total mortality. 
TABLE VIII.-Deaths in each Ward. 
WARDS. 
Population. 
Deaths. 
Deaths to 
population. 
Percentage of 
deaths to total 
mortality. 
First 
25,817 
30,220 
19,149 
20,852 
18,736 
12,064 
31,558 
22,286 
16,629 
23,312 
14,845 
15,171 
19,956 
22,643 
44,650 
19,256 
21,347 
26,366 
45,240 
56,642 
13,861 
22.605 
20,888 
24,932 
18,639 
36,603 
19,385 
10,370 
635 
786 
422 
732 
586 
264 
896 
440 
321 
478 
359 
336 
369 
402 
1,050 
446 
595 
678 
1,182 
1,114 
230 
420 
389 
573 
366 
878 
337 
256 
599 
611 
1 in 41 
lin 38 
1 in 45 
1 in 29 
1 in 32 
1 in 46 
1 in 35 
1 in 50 
lin 52 
1 in 48 
1 in 41 
1 in 45 
1 in 54 
1 in 56 
1 in 42 
1 in 43 
lin 36 
1 in 38 
lin 38 
1 in 51 
lin 60 
Im 53 
lin 53 
1 in 43 
lin 51 
lin 42 
lin 57 
1 in 40 
3.79 
4.69 
2.51 
4.37 
3.49 
1.57 
5.33 
2.62 
1.91 
2.85 
2.14 
2.00 
2.20 
2.40 
6.26 
2.66 
3.55 
4.04 
7.05 
6.65 
1.37 
2.57 
2.32 
3.42 
2.18 
5.24 
2.01 
1.52 
Second 
Third 
Fourth 
Fifth 
Sixth 
Seventh 
Eighth 
Ninth 
Tenth 
Eleventh 
Twelfth 
Thirteenth 
Fourteenth 
Fifteenth 
Sixteenth 
Seventeenth 
Eighteenth 
Nineteenth 
Twentieth 
Twenty-first 
Twenty-second 
Twenty-third 
Twenty-fourth .. 
Twenty-fifth 
Twenty-sixth 
Twenty-seventh 
Twenty-eighth 
Almshouse 
Country 
Total deaths for 12 months 
16,750 
Total population 
674,022 
Ratio of deaths to population, 1 in 44. 
The highest mortality occurred in the Fourth Ward-one in 
every twenty-nine of the population; while the Twenty-first Ward 
being the lowest-one in every sixty of the population; the 
average deaths in each ward was five hundred and five (505), 
and the 1st, 2d, 4th, 5th, 7th, 15th, 18th, 19th, 20th, 24th and 
26th each contributed over that amount. 99 
The following Comparative Statement of the Census for 1860 
and 1870, shows the ratio of Deaths to population dur- 
ing the years 1861 and 1870. We cannot compare the 
year 1860, as the Registration Law was only in operation 
six months of that year. 
d 
o 
2 0 
a 
0 
to 
on 
* r"' * 
• f~H 
§ 
CQ 1-< 
4:^0 
" Is o' 
WARDS. 
p 2 
Ph 
0 £-< 
2 OO 
Is 2 00 
o 
Ph 
q 0 
W Ph 
0 
Q 0 
H Ph 
First 
30 886 
1 in 35 
25 817 
1 in 41 
Second 
29123 
1 in 38 
30220 
1 in 38 
Third 
19 929 
1 in 49 
19149 
1 in 45 
Fourth 
23461 
1 in 34 
20852 
1 in 29 
Fifth 
24 792 
1 in 50 
18736 
1 in 32 
Sixth 
14882 
1 in 52 
12064 
1 in 46 
Seventh 
31 267 
1 in 42 
31,558 
1 in 35 
Eighth 
27 770 
1 in 65 
22 286 
1 in 50 
Ninth 
17 196 
1 in 48 
16629 
1 in 52 
Tenth 
21'849 
1 in 51 
23412 
1 in 48 
Eleventh 
16 681 
1 in 36 
14 845 
1 in 41 
Twelfth 
16'681 
1 in 46 
15*171 
1 in 45 
Thirteenth 
20 045 
1 in 50 
19 956 
1 in 54 
Fourteenth 
24 258 
1 in 56 
22 643 
1 in 56 
Fifteenth 
32091 
1 in 41 
44 650 
1 in 42 
Sixteenth... 
20067 
1 in 37 
19'256 
1 in 43 
Seventeenth 
23 264 
1 in 28 
21 347 
1 in 36 
Eighteenth 
20^441 
1 in 34 
26,366 
1 in 38 
Nineteenth 
38 828 
1 in 36 
45,240 
1 in 38 
Twentieth 
29 963 
1 in 37 
56,642 
1 in 51 
Twenty-first 
17,159 
1 in 51 
13461 
1 in 60 
T wenty-second 
17 173 
1 in 69 
22'605 
1 in 53 
Twenty-third 
23,985 
1 in 55 
20^888 
1 in 53 
Twenty-fourth 
23^738 
1 in 48 
24,932 
1 in 43 
*Twenty-fifth 
18439 
1 in 51 
f Twenty-sixth 
36,603 
1 in 42 
J Twen tv-seventh 
19485 
1 in 57 
# Twenty-eighth 
10,370 
1 in 40 
Total population 
565,529 
674,022 
Ratio of deaths to population 
1 in 39 
1 in 44 
*Comprises a portion of the Nineteenth and Twenty-third Wards, 
t " " / " First Ward. 
| " Twenty-fourth Ward. 
I " " " Twenty-first " Table IX.- The number of Deaths in each week, in the City of Philadelphia, with the Age, Sex, Nativity and Wards, for the year 1870. 
1870. 
Weeks end- 
ing. 
Total. 
1 Males. 
| Females. 
| Boys. 
| Girls. 
AGES. 
153 
179 
168 
179 
167 
156 
162 
185 
154 
182 
190 
189 
156 
162 
148 
162 
175 
170 
184 
186 
152 
137 
128 
125 
161 
189 
160 
130 
210 
231 
130 
143 
128 
124 
131 
132 
143 
127 
119 
118 
114 
132 
122 
129 
153 
140 
130 
140 
129 
130 
136 
145 
7925 
tn 
O 
a 
§ 
156 
144 
162 
146 
156 
168 
181 
173 
178 
184 
190 
173 
170 
166 
196 
176 
153 
162 
149 
187 
163 
145 
157 
128 
159 
225 
195 
219 
391 
380 
301 
289 
248 
193 
204 
149 
136 
138 
151 
113 
115 
103 
113 
101 
103 
106 
110 
116 
112 
136 
121 
135 
8825 
■/. 
S3 
0 
s 
11 
6 
8 
It 
13 
13 
20 
12 
22 
20 
15 
17 
18 
16 
17 
13 
16 
21 
19 
9 
17 
16 
9 
14 
25 
12 
9 
5 
21 
10 
9 
11 
10 
5 
9 
9 
5 
4 
8 
7 
5 
5 
10 
7 
11 
6 
6 
6 
8 
7 
10 
7 
599 
0 
0 
0 
0 
© 
0 
© 
15 
21 
19 
18 
17 
21 
21 
10 
29 
15 
38 
23 
25 
23 
30 
22 
37 
23 
38 
30 
29 
30 
22 
30 
36 
22 
23 
39 
27 
27 
29 
13 
18 
13 
21 
15 
12 
14 
7 
19 
19 
10 
12 
17 
9 
12 
14 
4 
12 
13 
20 
1081 
Country. 
Nativity. 
WARDS. 
U. States. 
Foreign. 
Unknown. 
1 Under 1 
1 year. 
2 
1 
5 
2 
io 
5 
15 
10 
20 
15 
30 
20 
40 
30 
50 
40 
60 
50 
70 
60 
80 
70 
90 
80 
10( 
90 
lit 
100 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
January 8 
" 15 
" 22 
" 29 
February 5 
" 12 
" 19 
" 26 
March 5 
12 
" . 19 
" 26 
April 2 
" 9 
" 16 
" 23 
" 30 
May 7 
'• 14 
" 21 
" 28 
June 4 
" 11 
18 
" 25 
July 2 
" 9 
" 16 
" 23 
" 30 
August 6 
" 13 
" 20 
" 27 
Septem'r 3 
" 10 
" 17 
" 24 
October 1 
" 8 
" 15 
" 22 
" 29 
Novem'r 5 
<■ 12 
•• 19 
" 26 
Decem'r 3 
" 10 
<. 17 
" 24 
" 31 
Totals | 
309 
323 
330 
325 
323 
324 
| 343 
358 
332 
366 
380 
362 
326 
328 
344 
338 
328 
332 
333 
373 
315 
282 
285 
253 
320 
414 
355 
349 
601 
611 
431 
432 
376 
317 
335 
281 
279 
265 
270 
231 
229 
235 
235 
230 
256 
246 
240 
256 
241 
266 
257 
280 
159 
166 
153 
172 
172 
185 
176 
190 
175 
195 
195 
196 
171 
177 
175 
193 
178 
159 
185 
206 
162 
159 
139 
142 
162 
212 
196 
201 
315 
329 
204 
237 
199 
163 
168 
148 
142 
129 
137 
136 
118 
126 
122 
122 
127 
132 
128 
129 
118 
137 
135 
135 
150 
157 
177 
153 
151 
139 
167 
168 
157 
171 
185 
166 
155 
151 
169 
145 
150 
173 
148 
167 
153 
123 
146 
111 
158 
202 
159 
148 
286 
282 
227 
195 
177 
154 
167 
133 
137 
136 
133 
95 
111 
109 
113 
108 
129 
114 
112 
127 
123 
129 
122 
145 
81 
78 
71 
81 
90 
101 
98 
95 
99 
102 
109 
88 
85 
98 
106 
91 
89 
71 
84 
106 
85 
81 
80 
73 
77 
116 
114 
122 
202 
199 
136 
162 
128 
94 
110 
80 
74 
68 
69 
68 
68 
60 
57 
57 
55 
60 
63 
60 
58 
75 
61 
68 
75 
66 
91 
65 
66 
67 
83 
78 
79 
82 
81 
85 
85 
68 
90 
85 
64 
91 
65 
81 
78 
64 
77 
55 
82 
109 
81 
97 
189 
181 
165 
127 
120 
99 
94 
69 
62 
70 
82 
45 
47 
43 
56 
44 
48 
46 
47 
56 
54 
61 
60 
67 
56 
80 
73 
71 
72 
84 
74 
80 
87 
79 
93 
80 
78 
73 
84 
88 
63 
65 
71 
79 
71 
68 
81 
62 
83 
133 
116 
139 
250 
266 
203 
204 
150 
106 
116 
86 
63 
66 
93 
68 
61 
48 
61 
53 
50 
49 
50 
58 
60 
60 
65 
60 
23 
8 
23 
19 
29 
23 
27 
33 
29 
32 
18 
24 
23 
21 
31 
21 
22 
27 
21 
22 
24 
16 
22 
15 
18 
25 
25 
37 
72 
61 
56 
46 
57 
43 
40 
28 
32 
34 
18 
18 
20 
13 
10 
13 
10 
15 
12 
21 
9 
18 
20 
15 
44 
33 
36 
29 
28 
35 
41 
30 
35 
35 
48 
33 
41 
41 
42 
44 
43 
40 
30 
54 
34 
32 
28 
20 
24 
34 
24 
16 
30 
25 
18 
17 
16 
20 
21 
20 
17 
14 
13 
13 
12 
25 
27 
16 
20 
19 
29 
18 
20 
27 
18 
35 
15 
13 
14 
16 
It 
17 
24 
12 
i: 
15 
14 
18 
18 
18 
23 
10 
11 
18 
14 
14 
14 
15 
11 
11 
17 
19 
16 
8 
13 
9 
11 
7 
9 
11 
4 
8 
10 
9 
9 
11 
9 
5 
11 
13 
10 
6 
7 
6 
11 
12 
12 
3 
6 
2 
4 
4 
6 
7 
7 
11 
9 
6 
4 
5 
8 
7 
8 
4 
6 
10 
8 
5 
6 
12 
9 
7 
6 
10 
10 
8 
4 
5 
1 
6 
1 
9 
5 
5 
1 
1 
2 
6 
3 
3 
2 
6 
4 
8 
9 
1 
6 
11 
7 
10 
9 
7 
5 
9 
11 
12 
8 
12 
6 
8 
8 
6 
6 
8 
7 
8 
12 
9 
9 
8 
8 
8 
9 
16 
11 
9 
1( 
15 
li 
10 
lo 
9 
13 
4 
10 
6 
4 
5 
7 
11 
8 
9 
11 
5 
7 
33 
38 
28 
44 
33 
28 
29 
36 
36 
48 
32 
46 
26 
35 
30 
49 
44 
39 
31 
37 
29 
31 
25 
22 
27 
49 
29 
27 
43 
37 
29 
33 
32 
27 
28 
28 
29 
25 
21 
24 
25 
32 
26 
29 
29 
37 
23 
15 
23 
26 
29 
21 
23 
23 
37 
22 
35 
22 
23 
32 
28 
27 
37 
26 
33 
35 
27 
29 
33 
37 
30 
39 
33 
34 
26 
24 
34 
46 
33 
28 
56 
52 
21 
29 
28 
26 
30 
15 
31 
19 
25 
21 
23 
29 
21 
23 
17 
20 
28 
29 
24 
22 
23 
23 
22 
24 
16 
36 
24 
26 
28 
38 
24 
30 
33 
39 
24 
25 
25 
24 
30 
31 
34 
28 
27 
21 
18 
21 
21 
24 
26 
17 
31 
38 
23 
23 
13 
21 
19 
22 
22 
20 
23 
21 
15 
24 
17 
23 
30 
24 
18 
21 
22 
17 
23 
23 
18 
37 
28 
20 
27 
25 
21 
25 
17 
19 
29 
22 
18 
23 
21 
21 
16 
15 
30 
20 
21 
20 
25 
14 
22 
24 
24 
15 
24 
33 
16 
14 
18 
15 
24 
21 
23 
16 
12 
19 
12 
9 
14 
14 
19 
23 
18 
23 
14 
21 
22 
24 
23 
22 
27 
21 
15 
23 
31 
27 
27 
23 
25 
22 
20 
12 
12 
18 
22 
23 
26 
23 
19 
13 
19 
23 
26 
21 
22 
22 
29 
29 
13 
16 
15 
19 
11 
21 
14 
22 
14 
11 
19 
17 
19 
15 
25 
15 
9 
22 
15 
13 
15 
22 
1027 
22 
19 
15 
22 
20 
22 
19 
14 
18 
19 
18 
28 
18 
21 
23 
16 
20 
18 
14 
28 
17 
15 
9 
14 
15 
18 
13 
15 
16 
27 
12 
19 
9 
8 
1 1 
14 
11 
17 
19 
10 
15 
12 
15 
15 
23 
14 
19 
22 
22 
17 
13 
22 
895 
9 
15 
16 
11 
10 
6 
11 
2 
13 
11 
3 
15 
7 
6 
4 
9 
6 
15 
9 
5 
3 
6 
7 
12 
6 
9 
4 
7 
11 
15 
6 
11 
5 
9 
9 
6 
3 
9 
5 
5 
8 
7 
8 
6 
10 
4 
7 
13 
8 
6 
422 
3 
1 
1 
3 
3 
3 
4 
2 
2 
3 
5 
3 
2 
4 
4 
1 
1 
2 
2 
1 
"4 
1 
4 
2 
3 
4 
1 
3 
2 
1 
2 
4 
2 
1 
3 
3 
1 
2 
2 
1 
4 
4 
2 
1 
3 
4 
114 
i 
"i 
"2 
i 
"i 
1 
1 
"i 
io. 
8 
11 
15 
12 
24 
11 
9 
12 
9 
18 
15 
11 
10 
10 
9 
10 
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TABLE X.-Deaths. Adults and Children. 
1870. 
Males. 
Females. 
Adults. 
Children. 
Total. 
MONTHS. 
January, . . . 
650 
637 
679 
608 
1,287 
February, . . . 
723 
625 
670 
678 
1,348 
March, .... 
932 
834 
871 
895 
1,766 
April, .... 
723 
615 
647 
691 
1,338 
May 
871 
764 
829 
806 
1,635 
June, 
655 
617 
603 
669 
1,272 
July 
1,041 
875 
731 
1,185 
1,916 
August, .... 
971 
920 
656 
1,235 
1,891 
September, . . . 
556 
539 
521 
574 
1,095 
October 
502 
428 
486 
444 
930 
November, . . . 
638 
590 
692 
536 
1,228 
December, . . . 
525 
519 
540 
504 
1,044 
8,787 
7,963 
7,925 
8,825 
16,750 
16,750 
16,750 
Excess of males over females, 
Excess of children over adults, . 
824 
900 
It will be observed from the foregoing table that the number 
of male deaths amounted to eight thousand seven hundred and 
eighty seven (8,787), and the number of females seven thousand 
nine hundred and sixty-three (7,963), an excess of males of 
eight hundred and twenty-four (824). 
The number of children that died amounted to eight thousand 
eight hundred and twenty-five (8,825), an excess of nine hundred 
(900) over that of adults, and when compared with the entire 
mortality is equal to 52.68 per cent., or more than one-half of 
the total deaths in the city. 103 
TABLE XI. 
Marriages, Births and Deaths for each month. 
1870. 
Marriages. 
Births. 
Deaths. 
MONTHS. 
January, 
580 
1,560 
1,287 
February 
486 
1,376 
1,348 
1 March, 
493 
1,358 
1,766 
; April, ....... 
472 
1,262 
1,338 
May 
518 
1,301 
1,635 
| June, 
526 
1,332 
1,272 
T 1 
। July- 
442 
1.420 
1,916 
August, 
421 
1,528 
1,891 
1 September, 
562 
1,504 
1,095 
October, 
683 
1,528 
930 
i November, 
639 
1,416 
1,228 
i December 
599 
1,609 
1,044 
Total, 
6,421 
17,194 
16,750 104 
The following table will show a general summary of the returns 
of the Department for the past ten years and six months. 
TABLE XII. 
YEARS. 
Births. 
Marriages. 
Deaths. 
1860 (Six Months), 
8,434 
2,310 
6,342 
1861 
17,271 
4,417 
14,468 
1862, 
14,741 
4,662 
15,097 
1863 
15,293 
5,474 
15,788 
1864 
15,591 
6.752 
17,582 
1865, 
15,428 
6,864 
17,169 
1866, 
17,437 
7,087 
16,803 
1867 
17,007 
6,084 
13,933 
1868 
17,259 
6,371 
14,693 
1869 
16,960 
6,382 
14,786 
1870 
17,194 
6,421 
16,750 
Total 
172,615 
62,824 
163,411 
The foregoing table shows the number of Births, Marriages 
and Deaths recorded during the past ten years and six months ; 
Births, one hundred and seventy-two thousand six hundred and 
fifteen (172,615) ; Marriages, sixty-two thousand eight hundred 
and twenty-four (62,824); and Deaths, one hundred and sixty- 
three thousand four hundred and eleven (163,411) ; previous to 
the year 1866, for several years the deaths exceeded the births, 
but since that year the births have exceeded the deaths, showing 
a steady natural increase of our population; and if the births could 
be had more perfect, the excess would be far more satisfactory. 
Respectfully submitted, 
JOHN E. ADDICKS, Health Officer. 
Attest: Geo. E. Chambers, Registrar. 
E. WARD, M. D., 
President. 
Charles B. Barrett, 
Secretary.