■- -i • * • • 
, . THE 
Self-Instructor 
IN 
PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY; 
WITH 
OVER ONE HUNDRED NEW ILLUSTRATIONS, 
including a 
CHART FOR THE DSE OF PRACTICAL PHRENOLOGISTS, 
O. S. AND L. N. FOWLER. 
REVISED lit’ 
NELSON SIZER, 
PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHRENOLOGY. 
SELF-knowiedge is the essence of all knowledge. 
Your character corresponds with your organization. 
NEW YORK: 
Fowleu & Wells Co., Publishers, 
775 Broadway. 
1890. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1889. 
By FOWLER & WELLS COMPANY, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. MODEL HEAD. 
NUMBERING AND DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS. 
1. Amativeness, Love between the sexes. 
A. Conjugality, Matrimony—love of one. 
2. Parental Love, .Regard for offspring, pets, 
etc. 
3. Friendship, Adhesiveness—sociabilit3’. 
4. Inhabitiveness, Love of home. 
5. Continuity, One thing at a time. 
Pi. Vitativeness, Love of life. 
(5. Combativeness, Resistance—defense. 
7. Destructiveness, Executiveness—force. 
8. Alimentiveness, Appetite—hunger. 
Accumulation. 
10. Policy—management. 
11. Cautiousness, Prudence—provision. 
12. Approbativeness, Ambition—display. 
13. Self-Esteem, Self-respect—dignity. 
14. Firmness, Decision—perseverance. 
15. Conscientiousness, Justice, equity. 
10. Hope, Expectation—enterprise, 
17. Spirituality, Intuition—faith—credulity. 
18. Veneration, Devotion—respect. 
19. Benevolence, Kindness—goodness. 
20. Canstructiveness, Mechanical ingenuity, 
21. Ideality, Refinement—taste—purity. 
B. Sublimity, Love of grandeur—infinitude. 
22. Imitation, Copying—patterning. 
23. Mirthfulness, Jocoseness—wit—fun. 
24. Individuality, Observation—desire to see. 
25. Form, Recdlleotir n of shape. 
2(3. Size, Measuring by the eye. 
27. Weight, Balancing—climbing. 
28. Color, judgment of colors. 
29. Older, Method—system—arrangement. 
30. Calculation, Mental arithmetic. 
31. Locality, Recollection of places. 
32. Eventuality, Memory of facts. 
33. Time, Cognizance of duration, 
34. Tune, Sense of harmony and melody. 
35. Language, Expression of ideas. 
3G. Causality, Applying causes to effect. 
37. Comparison, Inductive reasoning—illus- 
tration. 
C. Human Nature, Perception of motives. 
D. Agreeableness, Pleasantness—suavity. For a Full Explanation of This Table, and the Marking of 
CONDITIONS. 
7 
f- t£ 
C 'r* 
L i 
Large, j a> 
5 
*3 
£ 
4 
i- • 
C 0/ 
> to 
<< c8 
3 
S 
2_ 
*3 
S 
m 
Cultivate. 
Restrain. 
Marry one 
having 
Organic Quality.... 
PAGE 
12 
13 
: If 
13 
1 13 
13 
13! It! 
1 8 
* 1? 
19 
19 
1 
19 
IO 1 ‘ 
— 
— 
Vital Temperament. 
22 
23 
23 
23 
23 
; 23 
24 
24 
Breathing Power . . . 
20 
• 26 
! 26 
26 
* 26 
26 
27 
27 
Circulatory Power. . 
27 
27 
\ 28 
28 
28 
28 
28 
29 
Digestive Power. . . . 
29 
29 
i 29 
29 
29 
_30 
30 
31 
Motive Temperament 
33 
34 
1 34 
Hi 
! 35 
36 
36 
37 
Mental Temperament 
38 
39 
40 
40 
\ 40 
41 
Activity 
49 
50 
Ol 
O 
50 
50 
50 
50 
50 
Excitability 
51 
51 
1^51 
51 
51 
52 
52 
52 
Size of Brain—inches. 
44 
44 
45 
/. 
45 
45 
46 
1. Amativeness 
82 
82 
83 
84 
85 
85 
85 
86 
A. Conjugality 
87 
87 
88 
88 
88 
88 
88 
88 
2. Parental Love . . . 
89 
90 
91 
91 
91 
91 
91 
91 
3. Friendship 
92 
93 
93 
94 
94 
94 
95 
95 
4. Inhabitiveness. . . 
95 
96 
96 
96 
96 
96 
97 
97 
5. Continuity 
97 
97 
98 
98 
98 
98 
99 
99 
E. Vitativeness .... 
100 
100 
101 
101 
101 
101 
101 
101 
G. Combativeness.. . 
102 
102: 
103 
103 
104 
104? 
104 
104 
7. Destructiveness.. 
105 
jog' 
106 
| 
106 
106' 
107| 
107 
107 
8. Alimentiveness . . 
108 
T~ 
109 
109 
109 
109j 
109 
109 
110 
9. Acquisitiveness .. 
111 
112 
113 
113, 
113 
113 
114 
114 
10. Secretiveness. . . . 
114* 
M, 
116 
116; 
117 
117 
117 
11. Cahtiousuess .... 
118 
1191 
119 
119 
120 
120 
120 
120 
12. Approbativeness . 
121 
I22J 
122 
122 
123 
123; 
123 
123 
13. Self-Esteem 
124 
125; 
126 
126 
126 
126 
127 
127 
14. Firmness 
i27 
128 
129 
129 
129 
129| 1 
129 
130 the Chart, the Reader is Referred to Pages 7 and 8. 
CONDITIONS. 
Very 
Large. 
6 
© 
fee 
t-i 
3 
Full. o< 
4 
U . 
© © 
> bC 
< 08 
3 
® © 
© * 
Small. 10 
Cultivate. 
Restrain. 
Marry one 
having 
PAGE 
15. Conscientiousness 
131 
132 
432 
133 
133 
133 
134 
1§4 
16. Hope 
134 
135 
136 
136 
136 
136 
137 
137 
17. Spirituality 
137 
137 
138 
138 
139 
139 
139 
139 
18. Veneration 
139 
140 
141 
141 
141 
141 
142 
142 
19. Benevolence 
142 
1& 
143 
144 
144 
144 
144 
144 
~1 
20. Constructiveness. 
145 
146 
146 
146 
146 
146 
147 
147 
21. Ideality 
147 
148 
148 
149 
149 
149 
149 
150 
B. Sublimity 
150 
150 
151 
151 
151 
151 
151 
151 
22. Imitation . 
152 
152 
153 
153 
153 
153 
1 153 
154 
23. Mirthfulness 
154 
155 
155 
155 
155 
156 
156 
156 
24. Individuality. . . . 
158 
158 
158 
159 
159 
159 
159 
159 
25. Form 
160 
too 
160 
160 
160 
160 
160 
161 
26. Size 
161 
162 
162 
162 
162 
162 
162 
162 
( * 
— 
— 
— 
27. Weight 
162 
163 
163 
163 
164 
164 
164 
164 
28. Color 
164 
164 
165 
165 
165 
165 
166 
166 
29. Order 
166 
166 
167 
167 
167 
167 
168 
168 
30. Calculation 
168 
168 
168 
169 
169 
169 
169 
169 
31. Locality 
169 
169 
170 
170 
170 
170 
170 
171 
32. Eventuality 
171 
172 
172 
172 
173 
173 
173 
173 
33. Time 
173 
173 
174 
174 
174 
174 
174 
175 
34. Tune 
175 
175 
176 
176 
176 
177 
177 
177 
35. Language 
176 
177 
£ 
178 
178 
179 
179 
179 
7 
36. Causality 
180 
180 
181 
181 
181 
181 
182 
182 
37. Comparison 
182 
182 
183 
183 
183 
183 
184 
184 
C. Human Nature.. . 
184 
185 
185 
185 
185 
185 
185 
186 
P. Agreeableness . . . 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
Marry one who is in size 
height 
'weight 
blonde 
brunette BUSINESS ADAPTATIONS, 
Artistical. 
Architect. 
Draftsman. 
Engraver. 
Musician. 
Music Teacher. 
Painter. 
Photographer. 
Commercial. 
Accountant. 
Agent. 
Auctioneer. 
Banker. 
Bookseller. 
Broker. 
Cashier. 
Collector. 
Druggist. 
Expressman. 
Importer. 
Insurance. 
'Publisher. 
Salesman. 
Shipping Clerk. 
Speculator, 
do.,Real Estate. 
Superintendent. 
Steward. 
Boots, Shoes. 
Cattle, Horses. 
Coal, Lumber. 
Dry Goods. 
Fancy Articles. 
Grain, Groceries. 
Hardware. 
Jewelry. 
Leather. 
Marketing. 
Literary. 
Actor. 
Author. 
Clergyman. 
Correspondent. 
Editor. 
Elocutionist. 
Historian. 
Lawyer. 
Lecturer. 
Linguist. 
Orator. 
Poet. 
Proof-reader. 
Reporter. 
;. Secretary. 
Teacher. 
Writer. 
Mechanical. 
Blacksmith. 
>. Builder. 
Carpenter. 
Contractor. 
Cooper. 
Dentist. 
Dressmaker. 
Fa rmor. 
Gardener. 
Gunsmith. 
Gas Fitter. 
Inventor. 
Locksmith. 
Machinist. 
Mason. 
Miller. 
Milliner. 
"Overseer. 
Plumber. 
Printer. 
Seamstress. 
Stonecutter. 
Tailor. 
Tinsmith. 
Scientific. 
Anatomist. 
Chemist. 
Engineer. 
Geologist. 
Manager. 
Miner. 
Naturalist. 
Phrenologist. 
Physician. 
Statesman. 
Surgeon. 
Surveyor. 
Miscellaneous. 
Housekeeper. 
Li very keeper. 
Matron. 
Nurse. 
Restaurant. 
Teamster. 
W alter. 
Watchman. 
CHART ANI) CHARACTER OF 
AS MARKED BY 
Date, PREFACE. 
The object of this manual is to teach inquirers the organic con- 
ditions which indicate character and talent. In order to make 
it accessible to all, its facts and conditions are condensed, and 
elaborate arguments are avoided, because a pure exposition of 
phrenology carries its own proof. The laws and results being 
stated, it may be safely left on its own merits. 
In the preparation of this work, an arrangement was made to 
analyze each of the faculties, and describe them in seven degrees 
of development, including the most palpable combinations of 
the faculties, and the characteristics naturaliy resulting from 
such combinations. 
All the engravings illustrating the faculties and tempera- 
ments have been drawn and executed expressly for this work, 
and will nowhere else be found, special pains being taken in 
each engraving to indicate the location of the organ described, 
by a dash, or star; hence, beginners can thus learn how to locate 
the organs, and thus the book will become really a Self In- 
structor. 
Another object of the book is to record character, in doing 
which, it describes those organic conditions which affect and 
indicate character, in seven degrees of power, and those who 
have their physiological and phrenological conditions correctly 
marked in the foregoing table are referred to those paragraphs 
which both describe their character and contain specific condi- 
tions how to improve the health and constitution as well as the 
talents and dispositions of those thus marked. 
It may be safely said, that there is no book on phrenology 
which has such accurate and specific indications of the location 
and appearance of organs when large and small. 
The plan of recording examinations by the use of the numerals 
7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, may be studied on the next page. 
NELSON SIZEE, EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES. 
The examiner will mark the power, absolute and relative, of 
each function and faculty, by placing a figure, dot, or dash on a 
line with the name of the organ marked, and in the column headed 
“ large,” or “ small,” according to the size of the organ marked, 
while the printed figure in the square thus marked refers to those 
pages in this book where, under the head “ large,” “ small,” etc., 
will be found a description of the character of the one examined 
in respect to that organ, while in the two right hand columns, 
in the tables marked “ cultivate” and “ restrain,” are figures re- 
ferring to pages in this work where directions for cultivating 
and restraining may be found. 
Still more extended directions for self improvement will be 
found in “ Physiology,” “ Self Culture,” and “ Memory,” or 
called, when bound together, “ Education Complete,” “ How to 
Teach,” “ Choice of Pursuits,” and “ Brain and Mind.” 
When an organ is half-way between two sizes, it is represented 
by two figures, as 5 to 6, or 3 to 4, etc., which is equivalent to 5 1-2 
or 3 1-2. In these cases both sentences referred to may be read, 
and a medium between the two will be appropriate. 
The sign -)-, plus, signifies about one third of a degree more,' 
and —, minus, one third of a degree less, 'than the marks indicate, 
thus giving virtually a scale of twenty-one degrees. 
Several persons can be marked on one table by using a dot for 
one, and dashes, horizontal, perpendicular, slanting to the right, 
left, etc., for each of the others. 
Those organs and conditions marked 7, or very large, are sov- 
ereign in their influence over character and conduct, and com- 
bining with those marked large, direct and control feeling and 
action. Those marked 6, or large, have a powerful and almost 
controlling influence, both singly, and especially in combination, 
and press the smaller ones into their service. Those marked 5, 
or full, play subordinate parts, yet their influence is considerable, 
though more potential than apparent. Those marked 4, or aver- 
age, have only a medium influence, and mainly in combination 
with larger ones. Those marked 3, or moderate, are below par in 
fact, and still more so in appearance; exert but a subordinate 
influence, and leave character defective in these respects. Those 
marked 2, 'or Ismail, are deficient, so much so as easily to be per- 
ceived ; leave their possessor weak and faulty in these respects, 
and should be assiduously cultivated; while those marked 1 are 
v ery small, and render their possessor, almost idiotic in these 
respects, NEW SELF-INSTRUCTOR IN PHRENOLOGY. 
SECTION I. 
ORGANIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AS AFFECT- 
ING LIFE AND INDICATING CHARACTER. 
1 .—LIFE—ITS OBJECT, ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS. 
A problem how wonderful! an entity, an embodiment how 
complicated, yet how perfect! How worthy even a God to 
create, and man to possess, improve, and study ! These it is 
the object of this volume to expound. 
What, then, is life ? In what does it consist ? In its vast 
variety of functions, so embodied as to act together. 
But its end alone can expound its entity. That end is hap- 
piness. This is the one, single, only ultimate of both life in 
the aggregate, and of each of its individual functions. And 
the more there is of life, the more there is of happiness, and 
vice versa. Hence, to promote or impair either, thereby pro- 
motes or impairs the other. And the conditions of either are 
equally those of the other—a base line of incalculable value in 
deciphering our problem of life, its functions and improvement. 
And the fact is both coincident and important, that the happy 
exerciso of every faculty improves, while its painful exercise 
impairs, both it and its organ. That is, present enjoyment 
increases our capacities for future happiness. Hence the 
happier we are, the higher and truer our life, and the better. 
Tor all goodness consists in obeying, and all badness in violat- 10 
ing, the laws of our being. All happiness also consists in this 
same obedience, as all misery is occasioned by this same viola- 
tion, of these very same laws. Therefore he who is the hap- 
piest is so because the best; that is, because he obeys the most 
law. But he suffers the most who is the most sinful; that is, 
who has broken the most law. Therefore Happiness, Goodness, 
and Obedience to the laws of our being are all one and the 
same, while Suffering, Sinfulness, and Death are synonymous 
—are cause and effect. Then what is the first law and condi- 
tion of health and happiness? 
THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 
2.-ORGANISM IS AS FUNCTION. 
Nature operates always and everywhere by means of organs, 
or instrumentalities—never without them. What one func- 
tion ever is, has been, or can be, carried forward without 
them ? 
And what is more, the organism is in perfect correspon- 
dence with the function. Thus, whenever Nature would put 
forth power of function, she does so by means of power in the 
organ which puts it forth. And so of quickness, and all other 
functional conditions. Thus the office of wood is to rear aloft 
that stupendous tree-top, and hold it there in spite of the 
surgings of powerful winds upon its vast canvas of trunk, 
limbs, leaves, and fruit. Now this requires an immense 
amount of power, especially considering the great mechan- 
ical disadvantage involved. This power Nature supplies, not 
by bulk, because this, by consuming her material and space, 
would prevent her making many trees, whereas her entire 
policy is to form all the trees she can ; but by rendering the 
organic texture of wood as solid and powerful as its function 
is potential. And the more solid its structure, the more 
powerful its function, as seen in comparing oak with pine, 
and lignum vitae with poplar. But, letting this single ex- 
ample suffice to illustrate this law, which obtains through- 
out the entire vegetable kingdom, let us apply it to the animal. 
The elephant, one of the very strongest of beasts, is power- 
fully knitted together, in dermis, muscle, and bone. The 
lion, too, is as strong in texture as in function. Only those 
who know from observation can form any adequate idea of 
the wiry toughness of those muscles and tendons which bind 
his head to his body, or of the solidity of his bones—corre- AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 
11 
sponding with the fact that, seizing a bullock in his monster 
jaws he dashes with him through jungle and ravine, as a cat 
would handle a squirrel. And when he roars, all other ani- 
mals tremble. The structures of the white and grizzly bear, 
of the tiger, hyena, and all powerful animals, and, indeed 
of all the weak ones, in like manner correspond equally with 
their functions. All quickness of function is put forth by 
quick-acting organs, all slowness by the slow; and thus of all 
organs and functions throughout every phase and department 
of universal life and nature. Indeed, in and by the very 
nature erf things this correspondence must exist. For how 
could weak organs possibly put forth powerful functions, or 
slow organs quick functions? In short, this correspondence 
between organic conditions and functions is fixed and absolute 
—is necessary, not incidental—is universal, not partial—is a 
relation of cause and effect, and governs every organ and 
function throughout universal life and nature. 
It governs, reader, you and I. And in all our functions, 
hoAV can weak muscles put forth strength, or a sluggish brain 
manifest mental activity ? Hence, to become great, one must 
first become strong—and in the special organs in whose func- 
tions he would excel. Would you become great mentally, 
then first become strong cerebrally. Or would you render that 
uarling boy, a great man, first make him a powerful animal. 
Not that all powerful animals are great men, but that all 
great men are, and must needs be, powerful animals. Our 
animal nature is the basis of all mental and moral function. 
It is so in the very constitution of things, that mind is put 
forth in and by its material organism, and is strong or weak, 
quick or sluggish, as its organism, is either. If in the plen- 
titude of Divine Wisdom, man had been created a purely 
mental being, he would have needed no body, and could not 
have used one; whereas, instead, he has been created a com- 
pound being, composed of both body and mind. Nor are 
those seemingly opposite entities strangers to each other, 
instead, they are inter-related by ties of the most perfect 
reciprocity—so perfect that every conceivable condition of 
either reciprocally affects the other. 
HEREDITARY ORGANISM AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 
Hereditary organic quality is the first, basilar, and all-po- tent condition of all power of function, all happiness, all every- 
thing. This is congenital—is imparted by the parentage along 
with life itself, of which it is the paramount condition and 
instrumentality. It depends mainly on the original nature or 
temperament of the parents, yet partly also on their existing 
states of body, mind, and health, their mutual love or want of 
it, and on other like primal life-conditions and causes. It 
lies behind and below, and is infinitely more potential than 
education, and all associations and surrounding circumstances. 
Each creature much resembles a galvanic battery, and its 
life-force depends mainly on how that battery is constituted, 
and this on those congenital conditions which establish the life- 
conditions—a subject infinitely important, and generally over- 
looked, but treated elsewhere.* This condition can not well 
be described, hardly engraved, but is easily perceived by a 
oractical eye. It is quite analogous to temperament, is, 
indeed, their determining cause. Some of its signs are coarse- 
ness and fineness of hair, skin, color, form, motion, general 
tone of action and mental operation, etc. 
In fact, the main difference between vegetables and animals, 
as compared among one another, and all as compared with 
man, and different men as compared with each other, as well 
as the entire style and cast of character and sentiment, every- 
thing is consequent on this condition, viz: quality as ex- 
plained by temperament—in short, is what we call “ bottom ” 
in the horse, “ the breed ” in full-blooded animals, and 
“ blood ” in those high and nobly born. 
7.—Are pre-eminently fine-grained, pure-minded, ethereal, 
sentimental, refined, high-toned, intense in emotion, full of 
human nature, most exquisitely susceptible to impressions 
of all kinds, most poetic in temperament, lofty in aspiration, 
and endowed with wonderful intuition as to truth, what is 
right, best, etc., are unusually developed in the interior or 
spirit life, and far above most of those with whom they come 
in contact, and hence find few congenial spirits, and are 
neither understood nor appreciated; when sick, suffer inex- 
pressibly, and if children, are precocious—too smart, too good 
to live, and absolutely must be treated physiologically, or die 
early. 
THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 
*See “ Love and Parentage.” AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 
13 
6.—Are like 7, only less so; are finely organized, delicate, 
susceptible, emotional, pure-minded, intellectual, particular, 
and aspiring after a high state of excellence; full of human 
nature, and true to its intuitions and instincts; have a decided 
predominence of the mental over the physical; are able and 
inclined to lead excellent human lives, and capable of mani- 
festing a high order of the human virtues. 
/ 5.—Are more inclined to the good than bad, to ascend than 
descend in the human scale; can, by culture, make excellent 
men and women, but require it; and should avoid those habits 
which clog or deprave the mental manifestations, and, to 
attain superiority, must “ strive to enter in.” 
4 .—Are simply fair in organic tone; are good under good 
surroundings, but can be misled; must avoid all deteriorat- 
ing habits and causes, spirits and tobacco, bad associates, 
etc.; assiduously cultivate the pure and good, and study to 
discipline intellect, as well as purify the passions, and rely 
the more on culture and a right physiological life, because the 
hereditary endowment is simply respectable. 
3.—Are rather lacking in organic quality, and better adapt- 
ed to labor than study; rather sluggish mentally, and given 
to this world’s pleasures; had but a commonplace parentage; 
need to be strictly temperate in all things, and avoid all 
forms of temptation, vulgar associates in particular, and 
make up by the more assiduous cultivation what has been 
withheld by nature. 
2.—Are coarse-grained in structure and sentiment, and 
both vulgar and non-intellectual ; had poor parental condi- 
tion ; are low, groveling, and carnal, as well as obtuse in 
feeling and intellect; are poorly organized, and incapable 
of high attainments; hence restrain the passions, and culti- 
vate intellect and the virtues as much as possible, and espe- 
cially avoid alcoholic liquors, tobacco, and low associates. 
1.—Are really dotish, and non compos mentis. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First, guard against all perversion of 
the faculties, all forms of intemperance, over-eating, pork, 
rich pastry, especially late suppers ; be much of the time in 
the open air; work and exercise abundantly; bathe often, 
and keep the body in as good condition as possible; mingle 
with the high and good; exercise all the faculties'assiduously, 14 
THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 
in the best possible manner, and in strict accordance with 
their natural functions; cultivate a love of nature, art, beau- 
ties, and perfections—in short, encourage the good, true, and 
right, and avoid the bad. 
TO KESTBAIN.—Cultivate a love of the terrestrial—of 
this world, its pleasures and luxuries—for you require animal- 
izing. You live too much in the ideal; live more with the 
actual and tangible. Callous yourself against much that 
now abraids your finer sentiments, and shrink not from con- 
tact with those not quite up to your standard. You are adapt- 
ed to a more advanced state of humanity, but should come 
down to the present and material. Above all, do not be too 
fastidious, qualmish, or whimmy, but make the best of what 
is; cling to life; and enamor yourself of its objects and 
pleasures. 
3.—HEALTH—ITS VALUE, CONDITIONS AND EESTOEA- 
TIONS. 
Health consists in the normal and vigorous exercise of all 
the physical functions, and disease in their abnormal action. 
Health is pleasurable, disease painful. Health is life, for 
life consists in the normal action of those same functions in 
which health consists. And to improve health is to increase 
life itself, and all its pleasures. Some writer has appropri- 
ately defined health thus : 
Planting your foot upon the green sod, looking around, and 
yielding yourself to whatever feelings naturally arise, health 
is proportionate to that buoyant, jubilant, exhilarating, ec- 
static feeling which supervenes. It is to all our functions what 
motive power is to machinery—sets them off with a rush and 
a bound. It both makes us happy, and causes everything 
elso>to increase that happiness. But disease renders us mis- 
erable, and turns everything around us into occasion of mis- 
ery. It both weakens and perverts the interior being. In- 
deed, health is the quintessence of every earthly good—dis- 
ease, of every terrestrial evil. Poor indeed is he, however 
rich in money, in honors, in office, in everything else what- 
soever, whose health is poor; for how can he enjoy his wealth 
and honors ? But rich indeed is he who is healthy, however 
poor in money, for he enjoys whatsoever he has or is. A rich AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 
15 
man may, indeed, purchase a luxuriant dinner, but without 
health does not, can not relish it; whereas a poor man, with 
health, enjoys even a dry crust. 
The rich need health to enjoy their riches; the poor doubly, 
in order to prevent becoming poorer. But to be poor and 
sickly is the uttermost of human evil. Nor can the poor 
afford to be sick; for their health is their all. to themselves 
and families. Nor should they allow anything whatsoever 
to impair it, but make health paramount. 
Even the very talents of men depend mainly on health. 
Is not the brain confessedly the organ of the mind? Now, 
what means it, that the eye is the organ of vision, but that 
all its existing states reciprocate with its physical conditions? 
That the stomach is the organ of digestion, but that the nu- 
tritive function is vigorous or impaired, in exact correspon- 
dence with its existing states ? That the brain is the organ 
of the mind, but that all its conditions similarly affect the 
mentality ? And since all the states of the body and brain 
act reciprocally—consequent on that vast network of nerves 
which ramify throughout every part and parcel of the body, 
and terminate in the brain—of course all existing conditions 
of the body similarly affect these nerves, and thereby the 
brain, and therefore the mind, rendering all the states of 
either body or mind reciprocal with those of the other. If 
the body is sick, or weak, or exhausted, or inflamed, or sleepy, 
or exhilarated, is not the mind equally so ? Then to origi- 
nate great thoughts, or to conceive pure and exalted senti- 
ments, must not the brain be in a vigorous state ? And 
in order to acquire cerebral vigor, must not all the bodily 
functions be equally vigorous ? And to this end, must not 
those health-laws which cause this vigor be observed ? Of 
what avail the learning of the sickly scholar, the talents of 
the invalid, or the goodness of the pious dyspeptic ? They 
can do nothing, can enjoy nothing—are but a burden to them- 
selves and friends. Can we think, or remember, or study 
without that energy furnished by the body ? No more than 
move machinery without motive power. How, then, can 
that boy become a great or learned man without possessing 
physical vigor ? Or that delicate and beautiful girl a capa- 
ble or good woman, wife, or mother without possessing animal 
vigor ? Let it be forever and everywhere remembered, that 16 
both judgment and memory, reason and poetry, eloquence 
and philosophy, even morality and religion, all the virtues 
and all the vices—in short, one and all of the human func- 
tions, are carried forward by animal power. Even the very 
sensual pleasures of the debauchee are exercised by this very 
animal force, and weaken when and because it declines. 
And as physical power depends on the observance of certain 
physical laws, the violation of which weakens both body and 
mind, of course the first duty of every human being to him- 
self and Creator—of parents to their children—of ministers 
to people—writer to reader, and one to all, is to 
THE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 
And on this point is just where our whole educational sys- 
tem-collegiate especially—is radically defective. It eclipses 
more genius by weakening the body than it eliminates by 
study. Children are always smarter and better relatively 
than adults, because injured by that false educational system 
which impairs mind, memory, and morals by breaking down 
a good physical constitution. The Romans appropriately 
named their schools “ gymnasia,” from those muscular exer- 
cises which both formed their leading feature, and secured a 
strong mind by strengthening the body. Our schools and 
colleges are, and will continue to be, fundamentally defective, 
till remodeled upon the basis of health, and as a means of 
scholarship and talents. Of late years our colleges make 
much of boating, base-ball and gymnastics, but mainly those 
already strong do all the work, while those who need it most 
stand back from very shame and do not expose their lack 
of power, or exercise to improve it. 
Nor intellect merely, but our very morals and piety, depend 
on health. Can we even pray or worship without vitality ? 
And what is more, the very vices of mankind are consequent 
mainly on the infringement of the physical laws. 
Hereditary conditions in parents cause depravity in their 
children; yet even they do it ly deranging the body. It is 
what men eat and drink, it is how they live, sleep, etc., it is 
their physiological conditions and habits, that cause nine- 
tenths of human depravity. Are not both children and adults de- 
praved when cross, and cross because sick; that is, rendered 
sinful by being unwell ? Who does not know that drinking 
engenders depravity—makes the best of men bad ? But why, 
LEARN AND OBEY THE HEALTH-LAWS. and how? By disordering the body. And since by alcohol, 
wrhy not by tobacco, gluttony, or any other w'rong physical 
state ? Are not drunkenness and debauchery concomitants ? 
Are not dyspeptics ahvays irritable ? The truth is, that all 
abnormal physical action causes abnormal mental action, 
w'hich is sin. To become good, and answer the end of their 
being, men must live right—must learn to eat right, and 
sleep, exercise, bathe, breathe, etc., in accordance wdth na- 
ture’s requisitions. And nine-tenths of the evil in men have 
this purely physical origin, and can be cured by physical 
means. 
AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. 
17 
Health is the natural state of man, animal, vegetable, all 
that lives—is the ultimate of life. Like all else in nature, 
it has its law's; and these law's obeyed, will render it perfect 
from birth to death. It even requires immense violation of 
these law's seriously to impair it. Bird and beast are rarely 
unhealthy, except when rendered sickly by man. Has our 
benevolent Creator granted this greatest of boons to beasts, 
but denied it to man ? He has not. The natural state is 
health, for there are health-law's, w'hich, if obeyed, guarantee 
the very perfection of health. And the health-laws are as 
much laws of God—written by his finger on our very con- 
stitution—as the Decalogue. In short, none have any busi- 
ness to be sick. It is alike the privilege, as it is the sacred 
duty of one and all to be and keep well; that is, to observe 
the health-lavvs, and of parents to keep their children 
well. 
“ But, you forget that sickness and death are God’s chas- 
tising messengers, his special providence.” Are they, indeed ? 
Then in all conscience submit patiently, passively to them. 
Take no medicines. Do nothing whatever to restore health, 
for in so doing you resist Providence—you disobedient child. 
If sickness is providential, every attempt at restoration is 
open, direct rebellion against God—is practically saying to 
Him : “ I know you sent this sickness as a providential mes- 
senger of good to me; but I am not going to be sick; I am 
going to get wrell if I can, in spite of Providence.” The 
fact is, nobody believes practically that sickness is providen- 
tial ; for, if so, their every restorative effort, nursing, medi- 
cine, all, is dowmright rebellion. 18 
'TIIE ORGANIC CONDITIONS 
This ascribing sickness and premature death to Providence 
has killed millions. Long enough has it thrown on our 
heavenly Father the effects of our own sinful violation of his 
health-laws. Health is either governed by law, or it is not. 
If thus governed, it is cause and effect, not providential, 
except as the rising of the sun and all else in nature is provi- 
dential. Therefore, oh man, know that health is both your 
first privilege and bounden duty, and both learn and fulfill 
its conditions. 
While this condition has a most important influence on both 
the quantity and quality of all the mental manifestations, yet 
to mark it correctly, without aid from those examined, is 
exceed'ngly difficult. It may seem good, when actually poor, 
because its functions may be exhilarated by inflammation, 
which both perverts and weakens; or it may seem much 
poorer than it really is, because of merely temporary debility, 
while the heart’s core remains sound. But its serious impair- 
ment leaves all the functions, phrenological included, propor- 
tionally less vigorous than the sizes of their organs indicate. 
Those who have health— 
7.—Are full to overflowing of life, buoyancy, light-hearted- 
ness, and ecstasy: are strong and lively; enjoy food, sleep, 
action, nature, all the physical functions, to the highest de- 
gree ; rarely ever have a pain or ache, or become tired ; can do 
and endure almost any and everything; withstand miasma 
and disease remarkably; recuperate readily; experience a 
•certain gush, glow, vivacity, and briskness in the action of 
all the faculties; as well as the highest and most perfect flow 
and exercise of each of the life-functions. 
V 6.—Are healthy and happy; exercise all the organs with 
vigor and power; turn everything into pleasure, and dash off 
trouble as if a mere trifle, and yet can endure any amount of 
pain and exposure; feel jubilant and joyous year in and year 
out; and do everything easily, all the functions being con- 
densed and hearty, and the whole being full of snap and 
life. 
5.—Have a good, full share of life-force, vigor, and vivac- 
ity—of health, happiness, desire and ability to perform, enjoy, 
EXISTING STATES OP HEALTH. AND ITS IMPROVEMENT. 19 
and accomplish; can stand a good deal, hut must not go too 
far, and have sufficient stamina for all practical purpose, hut 
none to spare or waste foolishly. 
4.—Have fair, average health, if it is well cared for, yet are 
sometimes subject to ailments; are in the main healthy and 
happy, hut must live regularly; experience rather a tame, 
mechanical action of all the faculties, instead of that zest and 
rapture imparted by perfect health; can accomplish and enjoy 
much, hut must take things leisurely; if careful, can live 
on and wear a good while yet, hut if careless, are liable to 
break down suddenly and finally; and become irritable, dis- 
satisfied, dull, forgetful, and easily fatigued, and must cher- 
ish what health remains. 
3.—Are deficient in animation and recuperative power, and 
feel tired and good for nothing most of the time; with activ- 
ity 6 or 7 are constantly overdoing, and working up in mental 
or physical action those energies which ought to go to the 
restoration of health, not to labor; need abundance of rest 
and recreation, and give out at once if deprived of sleep; 
must stop all unnecessary vital drains, such as chewing, 
smoking, drinking, late hours, and all forms of dissipation, 
and should eliminate all the vitality possible, but expend the 
least. 
2.—Are weakly, sickly, and inert; feeble in desire and effort; 
capable of enduring and enjoying but little; live a monoton- 
ous, listless, care-fcr-nothing, half-dead-and-alive life, and 
must either restore health or give up, and enjoy compara- 
tively nothing. 
1.—Having barely life enough to keep soul and body to- 
gether; are just alive, and have almost lost life’s pleasures, 
1 owers, desires, and aspirations. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First ascertain what causes your disease 
or debility ; if heart, lungs, muscles, stomach, etc., are marked 
low, apply special culture to the weak organs—see the cultiva- 
tion of each—and assiduously study the health-laws, and con- 
scientiously fulfill them, making everything else subservient 
thereto. Especially take extra pains to supply vitality, but 
waste none in any form of excess. 
liESTKAIN 10U NEED NOT.—Health can not be too good. 
AS AFFECTING MENTALITY. TIIE TEMPERAMENTS. 
When, however, you find a surplus of animal vigor, work it 
up in one or another of life’s ends and efforts. 
This term has long been employed to designate certain 
physical constitutions as indicative of certain mental char- 
acteristics. The idea expressed in our definition of ‘‘heredi- 
tary organism” is very like that of the temperaments. They 
were formerly classified thus; The Nervous, indicated by 
light complexion, large brain, and smaller stature, and indi- 
cating superior talents, refinement, and scholarship; the 
Bilious, indicated by dark complexion, large bones, pow- 
erful muscles, prominent features, and a large and spare 
form, and indicating by a supposed surplus of bile, irritability, 
violence of passion, and melancholy, along with strength of 
character; the Sanguine, indicated by a florid complexion, 
sandy hair, blue eyes, fullness of person, and abundance of 
blood, and indicating warmth, a; dor, impulsiveness, and lia- 
bility to passional excesses; and the Lymphatic, indicated 
by full, plethoric habit, distended abdomen, excessive adipose 
deposit, and indicating a good, cosy, lax, enjoying disposition, 
with a stronger proclivity to sensuous pleasures, rather than 
intellect or action of any kind. But this classification is practi- 
cally discarded. We propound the following 
4.-TIIE TEMPERAMENTS. 
NEW CLASSIFICATION ANI) DEFINITIONS OF TEMPERAMENTS. 
Man is composed physically of three great classes of organs, 
the predominance or deficiency of each of which is called a 
predominant or deficient temperament, both giving a particu- 
lar form to the body—shape being its index—and likewise 
a particular set of phrenological developments, and consequent 
traits of character. That is, given forms of body indicate 
and accompany special talents, dispositions, and mental pro- 
clivities; and the art in delineating phrenological character 
depends in a great degree on reading correctly the tempera- 
ment and organic conditions, and their controlling influence 
on character; for they exert, as it were, the ground-swell as to 
the direction and action of the phrenological manifestations. 
Thus Causalty, with the vital temperament predominant, takes 
on the phase of planning, of common sense, of reasoning on 
matter, of adapting ways and means to ends, etc. But with the nervous or mental predominant, the same sized Casualty 
manifests itself in logic, metaphysics, investigation, the orig- 
ination of ideas, in intellectual clearness and power, etc. And 
it requires the sharpest eye and clearest head in the examiner 
to discern the bearings and influences of these temperaments 
and organic conditions on the intellectual and moral mani- 
festations. And the mistakes of amateurs, of connoisseurs 
even, are more temperamental than phrenological. Still they 
are sometimes consequent on health conditions. Thus the 
same person in one state of health is irritable, violent, pas- 
sional, perhaps even sensual and wicked, who in another 
physical condition is amiable, even-tempered, moral, and good. 
A given amount of ideality is much more ideal, of language 
much more expressive, of the affections more affectional, and 
moral tone more lofty, in combination with the mental tem- 
perament than vital. But our proposed limits do not allow 
us to extend our observations. Still, the following descrip- 
tions give the outline, and put inquirers on the track of further 
observations. 
THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
21 
5.-THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
This embraces the heart, lungs, stomach, liver, bowels, and 
that entire system of internal organs which creates life- 
force. 
The large end of a good egg is warmer than its other parts, 
because its vitality resides there; but, this cold, life is extinct. 
Incubate it a short time, and break the shell at this end, and 
you will find the heart palpitating and blood-vessels formed— 
the yolk furnishing the required nutrition. The vital appara- 
tus forms first, and deposits the material for forming the 
other portions ; is more active during juvenility than the other 
parts; sustains the whole animal economy; is the source of all 
power and energy; creates animal heat; resists cold and heat, 
disease and death; and re-supplies muscle, brain, and nerve 
with that life-power expended by their every exertion. It 
is to the man what fire, fuel, water, and steam are to ma- 
chinery—the vis animae, the prirnum mobile—the first great 
pre-requisite of life itself and all its functions. 
Its decided predominance is accompanied by a round head, 
well developed at the base, large Amativeness, Acquisitive- 22 
ness, Alimentiveness, Benevolence, and Language; large or- 
gans of the animal propensities generally ; a rapid widening of 
the head from the corners of the eyes to the tips of the ears; 
side-head spherical and well filled out; fore-head generally 
full or square, and broad rather than high. 
7.—Those having the vital temperament very large, are 
fleshy; short and broad built; deep and large-chested; broad 
and round-shouldered; impetuous; impulsive; enthusiastic; 
THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
Fig. 2.—Vital Temperament. 
hearty ; good livers ; fond of meats, condiments, stimulants, and 
animal pleasures ; have a strong, steady pulse ; large lungs and 
nostrils ; a full habit; florid complexion ; flushed face ; light or 
sandy hair and whiskers ; sound and well-set teeth ; great en- 
durance of fatigue, privation, and exposure; great love of 
fresh air, out-of-door exercise, and physical action, but not of 
hard work; a restlessness which can not endure in-door con- 
finement, but must be abroad, and constantly doing some- 
thing; great zeal, ardor of desire, and more practical common 
sense than book learning, and of general knowledge of men 
and things than accurate scientific attainments; more slirewd- THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
ness and off-hand talent than depth; more availability than 
profundity; and love of pleasure than power of thought. 
Are like T, though not in as great extremes; generally 
fleshy and of good size and height, if not large; well-propor- 
tioned; broad-shouldered; muscular; promiment and strong- 
ly-marked in features ; coarse and homely ; stern and harsh ; 
strong, but often awkward, and seldom polished; best adapted 
to some laborious occupation, and enjoy hard work more than 
books or literary pursuits; have great power of feeling, and 
thus require much self-government; possess more talent than 
can exhibit to others; manifest mind more in business, in cre- 
ating resources and managing matters, than in literary pur- 
suits, mind as such; prefer some light, stirring, active busi- 
ness, but dislike drudgery; turn everything, especially bar- 
gains, to good account; look out for self ; get a full share of 
what is to be had : feel and act out, “ every man for himself,” 
and are selfish enough, yet abound in good feeling; incline to 
become agents, overseers, captains, ho tel-keepers, butchers, 
traders, speculators, politicians, public officers, aldermen, con- 
tractors, etc., rather than anything requiring steady or hard 
work ; and are usually healthy, yet very sick when attacked, 
brought at once to the crisis, and predisposed to gout, fevers, 
apoplexy, congestion of the brain, etc. 
5.—Have a good share of life-force, yet none to spare; 
withstand a good deal, yet must not waste vitality, and should 
live in a way to improve it. 
4.—Have sufficient vitality to sustain life, and impart a fair 
share of energy to the f unctions, but by no means sufficient to 
put forth their full power, and should make its increase a first 
life-object. 
3.—Do not make vitality as fast as it can and ought to be 
used; are often half prostrated by a feeling of languor and 
lassitude; can keep about doing all the time if slow, and care- 
ful not to overdo, the liability to which is great when Activity 
is 6 or 7 ; need much rest; can not half work, or enjoy either 
body or mind; suffer much from fatigue and exhaustion, and 
would be glad to do, but hardly feel able. 
2.—Are too weak and low to be able either to do, enjoy, or 
accomplish much; should both give the vital organs every 
possible facility for action, and also husband every item of 24 
THE VITAL TEMPERAMENT. 
vitality,; be extremely careful not to overwork, and spend 
much time in listless, luxuriating ease, while nature restores 
tho wanting vitality. 
1.—Are almost dead from sheer inanition. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Ascertain which of the vital organs is 
deficient, and take all possible pains to improve its action; see 
directions for increasing the action of heart, lungs, stomach, 
etc.; alternate with rest and exercise; “away with melan- 
choly,” banish sadness, trouble, and all gloomy associations, 
and cultivate buoyancy and light-heartedness; enjoy the pres- 
ent, and make life a glorious holiday instead of a weary drudg- 
ery ; if engaged in any confining business, break up this 
monotony by taking a long leave of absence—a long journey, 
by horticulture, or parties, or frolicing with children ; by going 
into young and lively society, and exercising the affections; 
bringing about as great a change as possible in all your habits 
and associations. Especially cultivate a love of everything 
beautiful and lovely in nature, as well as study her philoso- 
phies ; bear patiently what you must, but enjoy all you can ; 
keep doing all you are able, but other things than formerly, 
and what interests you. You should especially be regular in 
sleep, exercise, eating, and all tho vital functions, as wel 1 as be 
temperate in all things; and above all, keep your mind toned 
up to sustain the body ; aid your weak organs by will-power— 
that is, bring a strong will to aid digestion, breathing, etc., 
and keep yourself up thereby. Determine that you won’t give 
up to weakness or death, but will live on and keep doing in 
spite of debility and disease. Fight life’s battles like a true 
hero, and keep the head cool by temperance ; the feet warm by 
exercise; the pores and evacuations open by ablution and lax- 
ative food ; and heart warm by cherishing a love of life and 
its pleasures. And don’t fail to keep up the habit of a gentle 
pounding and frequent brisk rubbing of chest, abdomen, and 
feet, so as to start the mechanical action of the visceral organs. 
Nothing equals this for revivifying dormant or exhausted 
vitality, and none are too poor or too much occupied to avail 
themselves of it. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Those who manufacture vitality faster 
than they expend it, are large in the abdomen ; too corpulent; 
even obese; often oppressed for breath; surcharged with BREATHING POAVER. 
organic material; too sluggish to expend vitality as fast as it 
accumulates, and hence should work, work, and Avith all their 
might, and as much as possible AAith their muscles, and out of 
doors; should eat sparingly, and of simple food; avoid rich 
gravies, butter, sweets, fat, and pastry, but li\~e much on fruits 
and lean meats if meat is eaten ; sleep less; keep all the excre- 
tory organs free and open by an aperient diet, and especially 
the skin by frequent ablutions, the hot bath, etc.; breathe 
abundantly, so as to turn up the surplus carbon; sit little, but 
walk much; never yield to indolence; work up energy by 
hands and head, business and pleasure any way, every way, 
but keep consuming vitality as fast as possible. Some fleshy 
persons, especially females, ghre up to indolence and inanity ; 
get “ the blues,” and lounge on rocking-chair and bed. What 
is wanted is to do, not to loiter around. Inertia is your bane, 
and action your cure. If flushed, feverish, nervous, etc., be 
careful not to over-do, and rely on air, warm bath, and gentle 
but continued exercise, active or passive, but not on medi- 
cines. 
THE HUNGS—BREATHING. 
All that live, down even to vegetables and trees, breathe— 
must breathe in order to live—live in proportion as breathe— 
begin life’s first function Avith breathing, and end its last in 
their last breath. And breathing is the most important func- 
tion of life from first to last, because the grand stimulator and 
sustainer of all. Would you get and keep warm when cold, 
breathe copiously, for this renews that carbonic consumption 
all through the system which creates all animal warmth. 
Would you cool-off and keep cool in hot Aveather, deep, copious 
breathing Avill burst open all those myriads of pores, each of 
AA'hich, by converting the Avater in the system into insensible 
perspiration, casts out heat, and refreshes mind and body. 
Would you labor long and hard, Avith intellect or muscle, A\-ith- 
out exhaustion or injury, breathe abundantly; for breath is 
the great re-invigorator of life and all its functions. Would 
you keep wrell, breath is your great preventive of fevers, of 
consumption, of “ all the ills that flesh is heir to.” Would you 
break up fevers, or colds, or unload the system of morbid mat- 
ter, or save both your constitution and doctor’s fee, cover up 
warm, drink soft water—cold, if you have a robust constitution 
sufficient to produce a reaction; if not, hot Avater should be 26 
used -then let in the fresh air, and breathe, breathe, breathe, 
just as fast and as much as possible, and in a few hours you can 
“forestall and prevent” an attack of disease; for this will 
both unload disease at every pore of skin and lungs, and infuse 
into the system that vis animae which will both grapple with 
and expel disease in all its forms, and restore health, strength, 
and life. Nature has no panacea like it. Try the experiment, 
and it will revolutionize your condition. A'nd the longer you 
try, the more will it regenerate your body and your mind. 
Even if you have the blues, deep breathing will soon dispel 
them, especially if you add vigorous exercise. Would you 
even put forth your greatest mental exertions in speaking or 
writing, keep your lungs clear up to their fullest, liveliest 
action. Would you even breatho forth your highest, holiest 
orisons of thanksgiving and worship—deepening, your inspira- 
tion of fresh air will likewise deepen and quicken your divine 
inspiration. Nor can even bodily pleasures be fully enjoyed 
except in and by copious breathing. In short, proper breathing 
is the prime essential of all physical, and thereby of all mental 
and moral, function and enjoyment. 
N 7 and 6.—Have either a full, broad, round chest, or a deep 
one, or both ; breathe freely, but rather slowly ; fill the lungs 
clear up full at every inspiration, and empty them well out at 
every expiration, are warm, even to the extremities; red- 
faced ; elastic; buoyant; rarely ever subject to colds, and cast 
them off readily; feel buoyant and animated, and are thus 
qualified to be vigorous in all the fimctions, physical and 
mental. 
5 and 4.—Are neither pale nor flushed, neither ardent nor 
cold, but a little above medium in these respects, and some- 
what liable to colds. 
3.—Breathe little, and mainly with the top of the lungs; 
move the chest but little in breathing, and the abdomen less, 
perhaps none at all; are often pale, yet sometimes Hushed 
because feverish; frequently should draw in long breaths; 
are quite liable to colds and coughs; often have blue veins 
and goose-flesh, and are frequently tired, listless, and sleepy, 
and should take particular pains to increase lung action. 
2.—Are strongly predisposed to lung diseases; have blue 
veins and sallow complexion, and are very subject to coughs 
BREATHING POWER. THE CIRCULATION. 
27 
and colds; are often dull, and always tired; frequently catch 
a long breath, which should be encouraged by making all the 
breaths long and frequent; are predisposed to lung diseases, 
but may stave them off, provided proper means are adopted ; 
break up colds as soon as possible, and take particularly 
good care of health. 
1.—Have barely lung action enough to live, and every 
function of body or mind is poorly performed. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First, and mainly, breathe deeply and 
rapidly ; that is, draw long and full breaths; fill your lungs 
clear up full at every inspiration, and empty them out com- 
pletely at every expiration ; not only heave the chest in breath- 
ing, but work the abdomen. To do this, dress loosely and 
sit erect, so that the diaphragm can have full play ; begin 
and keep up any extra exertion with extra lung action ; often 
try how many deep and full breaths you can take; ventilate 
your rooms, especially sleeping apartments, well, and be much 
of the time in the open air; take brisk walks in cool weather, 
with special reference to copious respiration; and everywhere 
try to cultivate full and frequent lung inflation, by breathing 
clear out, clear in, and low down—that is, make all your 
breathing as when taking a long breath. 
“ For the blood thereof is the life thereof.” The blood is 
the great porter of the system; carries all the material 
with which to build up and repair every part, and hurries 
off all the waste material, which it expels through lungs 
and skin. 
And the heart is this circulatory instrumentality. Without 
heart, even lungs would be of no account, nor heart without 
lungs. They are twin brothers, are co-workers at the very 
fountain-head of life and all its energies. Even diseased 
organs are unloaded of morbid matter, re-animated, and re- 
built mainly by blood. Blood, good or poor, the whole system, 
brain and mind included, is in a good or poor condition ; 
but blood wanting, all is wanting; heart poor, all is poor; 
heart improved, all improved. 
7 and 6.—Have an excellent and uniform circulation, and 
warm hands, feet, and skin ; seldom feel chilly; withstand 
THE CIRCULATION. cold and heat well; perspire freely ; have a slow, strong, 
steady pulse, and are not liable to sickness. 
N’ 5 and 4.—Have a fair, yet not remarkably good, circulation, 
and generally, though not always, warm hands and feet; are 
not much pinched by cold; perspire tolerably freely, yet 
better if more; and need to promote circulation, at least not 
impede it. 
3.—Have but poor circulation, along with uneasiness and 
palpitation of the heart; are subject to cold hands and feet, 
headache, and a dry or clammy skin ; find the heart to beat 
quicker and stronger when drawing than expiring breath; 
are chilled by cold, and overcome by hot, weather; are sub- 
ject to palpitation of the heart on any extra exertion, walking 
fast or up-stairs, or a sudden startle, etc., and very much 
need to equalize and promote the circulation. 
2.—Have weak circulatory functions, and either a fluttering 
pulse, very fast and very irregular, or it is weak and feeble; 
suffer from chilliness, even in summer ; are very much affected 
by changes in the weather; very cold in the extremities, 
and suffer much from head-ache and heat and pressure on the 
brain ; are subject to brain fever, and often a wild, incoherent 
action of the brain, because the blood which should go to the 
extremities is confined mainly to the head and vital organs; 
feel a sudden pain in the head when startled or beginning 
to put forth any special exertion, and suffer very much men- 
tally and physically from heart affections and their conse- 
quences. 
1.—Have scarcely any pulse, and that little is all on a flut- 
ter; are cold, and “ more dead than alive.” 
TO CULTIVATE.—Immerse hands and feet daily in water 
as hot as can be borne, ten minutes, then dash on or dip in 
cold water, and rub briskly, and heat by the fire till warm, 
and follow with active exercise, breathing at the same time 
according to directions just given; if there is heat or pain 
about the heart, lay on a cloth, wrung out of cold water at 
night; rub and pat or strike the chest on its upper and left 
side, and restrain appetite if it is craving, and cultivate calm- 
ness and quiet. If sufficient vitality remains to secure re- 
action, putting the feet in ice-cold water will be of great 
.service. Avoid coffee, tobacco and spices, as the use of these 
THE CIRCULATION. DIGESTION. 
al!ect the action of the heart. Most of the sudden deaths 
by heart failure may be referred to the use of these arti- 
cles. 
TO RESTRAIN is not necessary, except when excessive 
circulation is consequent on disease, in which case remove 
the cause. A healthy circulation can not be too great. 
By that truly wonderful process, digestion, food and drink 
are made to subserve intellect and moral sentiment—con- 
verted into thought and emotion. Then, must not different 
kinds of food produce different mental and moral traits ? 
A vast variety of facts answer affirmatively. Rollin says 
that pugilists, while training for the bloody arena were fed 
exclusively on raw meat.. Does not the food of lion, tiger, 
shark, eagle, etc., re-increase their ferocity, and that of 
deer, dove, and sheep redouble their docility ? Does not this 
principle explain the ferocity of the Indian, force of the 
Anglo-Saxon, and subserviency of the Hindoo ? Since alco- 
holic drinks excite the animal passions more than the intel- 
lectual and moral faculties, why not also meats, condiments, 
and all stimulating food as well? And why not vegetables 
and the cereals, by keeping the system cooi, promote mental 
quiet, intellectual clearness, and moral elevation? At all 
events, less meats and more vegetables, grains, and fruits 
would render men less sensual, and more talented and good. 
And those who would become either, must mind what and 
how they eat. 
STOMACH. 7.—Can eat, and digest perfectly; can live 
on little, or eat much, and need not be very particular as to 
diet. 
\ 6.—Have excellent digestion; both relish and dispose 
of food to perfection; are not liable to dyspepsia; have good 
blood, and plenty of it, and a natural, hearty appetite, but 
prefer the substantiate to knick-knacks; hate a scanty meal, 
and have plenty of energy and good flesh. 
5.—Have good but not first-rate digestion, and it will 
continue good till bad eating impairs it, still must not invite 
dyspepsia by bad living. 
4.—Have only fair digestive vigor—too little to be abused 
—and need to promote it. 
3.—Have a weak digestive apparatus, and variable appe- 
■DIGESTION. 30 
DIGESTION. 
tito—very good, or else very poor; are a good deal pre-in- 
clined to dyspepsia; often feel a goneness and sinking at the 
stomach, and a general lassitude and inertia; sleep poorly, 
and feel tired and qualmish in the morning ; have either a long- 
ing, hankering, pining, hungry feeling, or a loathing, dainty, 
dormant appetite-; are displeased and dissatisfied with every- 
thing ; irritable and peevish, dispirited, discouraged, gloomy, 
and miserable; feel as if forsaken and neglected; are easily 
agitated, and oppressed with an indefinable sense of dread, 
as if some impending calamity awaited them ; and should 
make the improvement of digestion the first business of life. 
2 and 1.—Are like 3, only more so. Everything eaten 
gives pain, and life is but a burden. 
TO CULTIVATE.-Eat simple, plain, dry food, of which 
unbolted wheaten bread, and especially crackers made of 
the same, are best; and but little at that, especially if the 
appetite is ravenous; and masticate and salivate thoroughly ; 
eat in a cheerful, lively, pleasant spirit, talking and laugh- 
ing at meals; consult appetite, or eat sparingly and leis- 
urely that which relishes; boiled wheat, or puddings made 
of wheaten flour, or grits, or oatmeal, or rye-flour eaten with 
milk and fruit, being the best staple article—wheat or Graham 
flour thoroughly boiled; should eat little after 5 P. M., and if 
hurried in business, before or after, but not during business 
hours, nor in a hurried, anxious state of mind, but as if deter- 
mined to enjoy it; above all, should cast off care, grief, busi- 
ness anxieties, troubles, and all painful remembrances and 
forebodings, and just luxuriate in the passing moment. 
Dyspepsia, now so alarmingly prevalent, is quite as much 
a mental as corporeal disease—is consequent more on a wor- 
ried, feverish, unhappy state of mind, than stomachic disorder 
merely. It is usually brought on by eating very fast right 
after working very hard, and then working very hard right 
after eating too fast and too much, which allows little energy 
to go to the stomach, so that its contents ferment instead of 
being digested, which inflames the whole system, and causes 
the morbid action of both the mental and physical functions. 
This inflammation creates a morbid, craving, hankering, 
appetite, as well as a general irritable state of mind. But 
the more food is eaten the more it inflames the stomach, and 
thereby increases these morbid hankerings; while denying DIGESTION. 
31 
appetite diminishes this inflammation and consequent hun- 
gering and irritability. Sometimes eating gives temporary 
relief at first, before what has just been eaten ferments, but 
only increases the pain soon afterwards. Starvation is the 
cure in all cases of a craving appetite, but a poor appetite 
needs pampering, by providing any dainties that may relish. 
Or, perhaps the system is pining for want of some special 
aliment. If so, the appetite will hanker after it, and should 
be gratified, provided it be a proper alimentary article. See 
Alimentiveness. Above all, avoid alcohol and tobacco in all 
their forms, and also tea and coffee, using, instead, a coffee 
made by browning wheat, rye, peas, corn, sweet potatoes, 
bread, etc., and prepare the same as Java. 
Next, rub and pat, or lightly pound the stomach, liver, 
and bowels. While in college, a graduate came around ad- 
vertising a specific panacea for dyspepsia, but requiring 
secrecy. It consisted simply in rubbing and kneading the 
abdomen. This supplies that mechanical action which re- 
stores them to normal action. Those manual exercises, 
which call the abdominal muscles into special action, are pre- 
eminently useful, such as roving, chopping Avood, hoeing, 
and various gymnastic exercises. 
If the stomach is sore or painful, lay on at night a wet cloth, 
with a dry one OArer it, folded several thicknesses. If the 
boAvels are torpid, induce an action of them at a given hour 
daily, and live much on boiled wheat, unbolted wheaten bread, 
and puddings, figs, and fruits if the stomach will bear them. 
Obser\re all the health-laws A\ith scrupulous fidelity, relying 
more on nature, but little on medicines, and remit no efforts 
and spare no exertions to restore digestion; for, till you do, 
you can only half think, study, remember, feel, transact busi- 
ness, or do or enjoy anything. 
TO RESTRAIN it, make less a god of the appetite, direct, 
or wrork up in other respects those energies now consumed by 
the stomach, and “ be temperate in all things.” 
THE ABDOMINAL VISCERA complete the digestive func- 
tions. The stomach may sol\7e its food, yet dormant liver, 
intestines, and mesentery glands fail to appropriate it. Or 
the latter may be good and (he former poor. 
7 and 6.—Are very fleshy, round favored, and fat, and MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 
assimilate food material faster than is consumed, besides sleep- 
ing well, and enjoying ease and comfort, and do only wiiat 
must be done. 
5 and 4.—Have a good, fair share of flesh and abdominal 
fullness, and appropriate about as much food as their system 
requires. 
3.—Are rather slim, poor in flesh, and gaunt; may digest 
food well, but sluggish bowels and mesenteries fail to take 
up and empty into the circulation enough to fully sustain the 
life-functions, and have hence strong tendencies to constipa- 
tion. 
2.—Are very slim, poor dormant, weak, and dyspeptic. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Eat aperient food, and keep the whole 
system open and free as possible. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Breathe deeply, work hard, and eat 
lightly. 
6.—MOTIVE OR MUSCULAR TEMPERAMENT. 
Motion is a necessity, an essential part and parcel of life 
itself. What could man do or be without it ? How walk, 
work or move? How even breathe, digest, or circulate 
blood ?—for what are these, indeed all the physical functions, 
but action in its various phases ? 
And this action is affected by means of bones and muscles 
or fibres, the fleshy portions of the system. These bones 
constitute the foundation on which the muscular superstruc- 
ture is built, are articulated at their ends by the joints, and 
firmly bound together by ligaments, yet allowed free motion. 
Toward the middle of these bones the muscles are firmly at- 
tached, so that when they contract they give motion to the 
end of the bone opposite the belly of the muscle. These- 
muscles, of which there are some 527 in the human body, 
constitute the lean meat or red flesh of all animals, and are 
rendered red by the immense number of minute blood-ves- 
sels which are ramified upon every fibre of every muscle, in 
order to supply that vital power which is expended by its exer- 
cise. The contractile power of these muscles is truly astonish- 
ing, as is evident from the wonderful feats of strength and 
agility of which man is capable; and that, too, though these 
muscles act under a great mechanical disadvantage. These hopes and muscles collectively constitute the frame- 
work of the system—give it its build and form—are to the 
man wdiat the timbers, ropes, and pulleys are to the ship, and 
constitute the Motive Temperament. Its predominance con- 
fers power of constitution, and strength of character, and 
feeling. 
MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 
7.—Are lean, spare; of good size and height, and athletic; 
have strongly marked features; a large, Roman nose; high 
and large cheek-bones; large and broad front teeth—all the 
bones of the body projecting; a deep, grum, bass voice; dis- 
tinctly marked muscles and blood-vessels; large joints; hard 
flesh; great muscular power or physical strength; ease of 
action, and love of physical labor, of lifting, working, etc.; 
dark, and often coarse, stiff, abundant, and perhaps bushy 
hair; a black and heavy beard; dark skin and eyes; a harsh, 
expressive visage; strong, but coarse and harsh feelings—the 
movements like those of the draught-horse, slow, but power- 
ful and efficient; tough ; thorough-going ; forcible; strongly 
marked, if not idiosyncratic; determined and impressive both 
Fig. 3.—Motive Temperament. 34 
physically and mentally; and stamp their character on all 
they touch. 
The motive, 7, mental, 6, and vital, 5, are capable of pow- 
erful and sustained mental effort, and great power in any 
department, especially that of mind as mind, of swaying a 
commanding influence over mankind, taking the lead in a 
large business, etc. 
This Temperament is always accompanied by prodigious 
coronal and perceptive regions, Firmness and Combative- 
ness, and large Destructiveness—its natural accompaniment 
—the very organs required to increase its force and efficiency, 
and indispensable to its exercise. 
6.—Are like 7, except less in degree; are tough, hardy, and 
strong constitutioned; evince power, efficiency, and force in 
whatever they undertake ; use strong expressions ; are limber- 
jointed, and both need and can endure a world of action and 
fatigue; are like a fire made of hard wood, or anthracite coal, 
making a slow but powerful and continuous heat, and will 
make a decided mark in the business world, or in whatever 
other department these energies may be exercised. With 
the vital G or 7, and the mental 3 or 4, are broad and promi- 
nent in form ; large, tall, well-proportioned, broad-shouldered, 
and muscular; usually coarse-featured, homely, stern, and 
awkward; enjoy hard work more than books or literary pur- 
suits; have great power of feeling, and thus require much 
self-government; are endowed with good sense, but have a 
p»oor way of showing it; are strong minded, but possess more 
talents than power to exhibit them; manifest talents more in 
managing machinery, creating resources, and directing large 
operations than in mind as such; improve with age, growing 
better and more intellectual as they grow older; accomplish 
wonders; are hard to beat, indomitable, and usually useful 
citizens, but endowed with strong passions when once roused; 
and capable of being deeply depraved, especially if given to 
drink. 
' 5.—Have a good share of the hearty, enduring, efficient, 
and potential; move right forward, with determination and 
vigor, irrespective of hindrances, and bring a good deal to 
pass; and are like 6, only less so. 
\ 4.—Are not deficient in motive power, yet more would be 
better; wrought up by special circumstances, can put forth 
MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. unwonted strength, but it will be spasmodic, and liable to 
overstrain; can work hard, but are loth to; prefer the seden- 
tary to the active, and business to labor; with the vital 6 or 
7 are indolent physically, and do only what they must, and 
need to cultivate muscular power. 
3.—Dislike work; prefer sitting to moving, and riding to 
labor; may be quick and flashy, but are not powerful; lack 
strength and weight of character; need much more exercise 
than they love to take; and first of all should cultivate both 
muscular action and strength of character. With the vital 
6, and mental 6 or 7, are rather small-boned, but plump, well 
formed, light complexioned, and often handsome; have usually 
auburn or brown hair; are most exquisitely organized, most 
pathetic and sympathetic, sentimental, exalted, and spiritual; 
have redoubled glow and fervor of feeling, derived from both 
the vital and mental, which they are hardly able to contain ; 
easily receive and communicate impressions; are quite too 
much influenced by first impressions, and intuitive likes and 
dislikes; have hobbies; are most enthusiastic; throw a great 
amount of feeling into everything; use strong and hyper- 
bolical expressions; are fond of company, if not forward in 
it; have a quick, clear, sharp, keen, active mind, and good 
business talents; a ready flow of ideas and a talent for com- 
municating them, either on paper or in social conversation; 
show taste, refinement, and delicacy in everything; have an 
under-current of pure virtuous feeling, which will prevent the 
grosser manifestation of animal passion, and give the intel- 
lectual and moral the ascendency ; sin only under some sudden 
and powerful excitement; are passionately fond of poetry, 
novels, tales, light and sentimental reading, belles-lettres, 
newspapers, etc., and inclined to attempt this kind of composi- 
tion ; have a retentive memory, shrewdness, smartness, and 
enough of selfishness to take good care of self, yet not suf- 
ficient momentum or power to become great, but are rather 
effeminate. This temperament is found much oftener and 
more perfect in the female than male. Children thus orga- 
nized are precocious, and liable to die prematurely, and their 
physical culture would save to their parents and the world 
those brightest stars which now generally set while rising, 
to shine no more on earth. 
Mental 7, vital 5, and motive 3, may be smart, but can not 
MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT. 
35 36 
MUSCULAR EXERCISE. 
be great; may be brilliant, but are flashy, meteoric, vapid, too 
emotional, imaginative, and impulsive, and like a fire made of 
pine wood or shavings—intense, but momentary. 
2 and 1.—Work, walk, move, and use muscles only when 
obliged to; run much more to the emotional and vapid than 
potential, and should cultivate the muscles assiduously. 
MUSCULAR EXERCISE is indispensable to greatness and 
happiness. By a law of things, all parts must be exercised in 
about equal proportions. When the brain is worked more 
than the muscles, it becomes partially congested, loses its 
snap, leaves the mind dull, memory indefinite, and thought 
obtuse, which exercise remedies. None need ever think of be- 
coming great intellectually, however splendid their heads or 
temperaments, without a world of vigorous exercise—of real 
hard work, even. All eminent man have laid the foundations 
of their superiority by working hard during their minority, 
and continuing to exercise daily through life; while those 
students brought up without labor rarely take a high intel- 
lectual stand, except in parrot-like scholarship. They always 
lack vim and pith, and close, hard thought. And this defi- 
ciency grows on them. J. Q. Adams always rose before the 
sun to take his exercise, and as he became old took much of 
it in swimming, which he said gave the required exercise with- 
out heating his blood. Benton took a great amount of 
exercise. Jefferson always worked “like a Trojan.” Polk 
rose before the sun to take his morning walk. Webster 
would have his seasons of hunting, fishing, and rowing, be- 
sides taking a daily walk. Washington was a robust, hard- 
working farmer and soldier. Physical exercise is as indis- 
pensable to greatness as the intellectual organ themselves. 
And one principal reason why so many men, having all the 
phrenological indications of greatness, do not distinguish 
themselves, is a want of physical exercise. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Take all the muscular exercise you'can 
any way endure, but only gentle; make yourself comfortably 
tired every day; choose those kinds of exercise most agree- 
able, but practice some kind assiduously; dance more and sit 
less; if a child, should be allowed to run and play, to skate 
and slide down hill, romp and race, climb and tear around all 
it likes, and furnished with playmates to encourage this out- THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 
cf-door life. Fear neither exposure nor dirt, clothes or shoes, 
or anything else that furnishes this great desideratum- 
exercise. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Use your muscles less and brain more. 
7.—THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 
This embraces the brain and nerves, or that portion of the 
system called into exercise in the production of mind as such 
—thought, feeling, sensation, memory, etc. 
The brain consists at first of a mere ganglion of nervous 
matter, formed at the top of the spinal column. From this it 
is developed upward and forward through infancy and child- 
hood to perfect manhood, measuring from twenty-one to 
twenty-fcur inches in circumference with corresponding 
height. 
The construction of the brain is most interesting. Its 
internal portion is white and fibrous, while its outer is grey 
and gelatinous. It is folded up into layers, called convolu- 
tions, which are sometimes expanded, by dropsy of the brain, 
into a nervous sheet or web. These convolutions allow a 
great amount of nervous matter to be packed in a small com- 
pass, and their depth are proportionate to the amount of mind 
and talent. Thus in animals and idiots they are shallow; in 
men of ordinary talents, much deeper; while the dissectors of 
the brains of Cuvier, Lord Byron, and other great men, re- 
mark with astonishment upon their depth. 
Some writers say five times as much blood is sent to the 
brain in proportion to its volume as is sent to any other por- 
tion of the system, some say eight times, others fifteen, and 
one twenty ; but all agree as to the general fact. The difference 
between them is doubtless owing to the difference in the 
mental constitutions of those operated upon, intellectual sub- 
jects having the most. The distinctness and protrusion of the 
veins in the heads of great men, as also the immediate filling 
up of these veins when one laughs or becomes excited, have 
the same cause. 
Through the medium of the spinal column, and by means 
of the nerves that go off from the spinal cord through the 
joints of the back-bone, the brain holds intercourse with 
every part of the body, the nerves being ramified upon every 38 
portion of its surface, so that not even the point of a needle 
can penetrate any part of it without lacerating them, and thus 
producing pain. The spinal marrowr is composed of four 
principal columns, the two anterior ones exercising voluntary 
motions, the two posterior ones sensation. Let the nerves 
that go off from the fiwo posterior columns be severed at their 
root, and the jiarts on which they are ramified will be desti- 
tute of sensation, not feeling anything, though able to move; 
but on severing the nerves that go off from the two anterior 
columns, though the patient will feel the prick of the needle, 
he will be unable to move the limb to which the nerve goes. 
Now, observe that these two anterior or motor columns are 
in direct connection with the frontal portion of the brain, 
in which the intellectual organs are located, so that each can 
communicate freely with the other, while the two posterior 
columns, or those of sensation, are in connection with the 
back part of the brain, in which the organs of the feelings 
are located. They are most abundant on the outer surface of 
the body, and accordingly the skin and adjacent flesh is the 
seat of much more intense pain from wounds than the inter- 
nal portions. 
THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 
7.—Those having a mental temperament very large, have 
a light build; small bones and muscles; a slim, tall, spare, 
sprightly person ; quickness of motion ; great physical activity 
—too much for strength, large brain for the body, sharp fea- 
tures ; thin lips; thin, pointed nose; and sharp teeth, liable to 
premature decay. They are characterized mentally by a 
predominance of mind over body, so that its state affects the 
body more than the body mind; are in the highest degree 
susceptible to the influence of stimuli, and of all exciting 
causes; are refined and delicate in feeling and expression, 
and easily disgusted with anything coarse, vulgar, or out of 
taste; enjoy and suffer in the highest degree; are subject 
to extremes of feeling; have their disgusts, sympathies, and 
prepossessions easily excited; experience a vividness and 
intensity of emotion, and a clearness, pointedness, and rapid- 
ity of thought, perception, and conception, and a love of men- 
tal exercise imparted by no other temperament; are eager in 
pursuits, and feel that their ends are of the utmost impor- 
tance, and must be answered now; are thus liable to overdo, THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. 
39 
and prematurely exhaust the physical powers, which at best 
are none too good; are ver fond of reading and study; of 
thinking and reasoning; of hooks and literary pursuits; of 
conversation, and all kinds of information, and apt to lie 
awake at night, thinking, or feeling, or reading; inclined to 
some profession or light mental occupation, such as a clerk, 
merchant, teacher, or, if a mechanic, should be a goldsmith, 
or something requiring light action, but not hard lifting- 
more head work than hand work; should avoid close appiica- 
tion; take much pleasurable recreation and exercise; avoid 
all kinds of stimulants, wines, tobacco, tea and coffee in- 
cluded ; use vegetables, fruits and farinaceous food mostly; 
endeavor to enjoy existence; and avoid being worried. 
6.—Are liko 7 in character, only less in degree; more given 
to intellectual and moral than animal pleasures, and action 
than rest; can not endure slow or stupid employees; with 
the motive 6, are of good size; rather tall, slim, lean, and raw- 
boned, if not homely and awkward; have prominent hones 
and features, particularly front teeth and nose; a firm and 
Fig. 4.—Mental Temperament. 40 
distinct muscle; a tough, wiry, excellent physical organiza- 
tion; a firm, straightforward, rapid, energetic walk; great 
ease and efficiency of action, with little fatigue; a keen, 
penetrating eye; large joints, hands, feet, etc.; a long face 
and head, and a high head and forehead ; a brain developed 
more from the nose over to the occiput than around the ears; 
large intellectual and moral organs; strong desires, and great 
power of wall and energy of character; vigorous passions; a 
natural love of hard work, and capacity for carrying forward 
and managing great undertakings; that thorough-going spirit 
which takes right hold of great projects rvith both hands, and 
drives into and through thick and thin, in spite of obstacles 
and opposition, however great, and thus accomplish wonders; 
superior business talents; unusual strength and vigor of 
intellect; strong common sense; good general judgment; with 
a large intellectual lobe, and a cool, clear, long, calculating 
head; a reflective, planning, discriminating cast of mind, and 
talents more solid than brilliant; are more fond of the natural 
sciences than literature; of philosophy than history; of the 
deep, solid branches than belles-lettres; of a professional and 
mental than laboi’icus vocation ; of mental than bodily action; 
and the moral than sensual. 
\ 5.—Have good, fair muscles; are quite prominent-featured, 
easy of motion, enduring, tough, hardy, clear-headed, and 
fond of intellectual pursuits; have good ideas, and excellent 
native sense and judgment; talk, speak, and write to the 
purpose, if at all; love action and exercise, and walk and work 
easily ; are efficient, and capable of taking up a good life labor, 
but not a genius. With the vital 6, are sprightly, lively 
to a life of labor, but should choose some office business, yet 
vivacious, and happy; and with the motive 3, are not adapted 
to exercise a great deal—no matter how much. 
4.—Have fair mental act on, if circumstances fully call it 
forth ; if not, are common-place ; must depend for talents more 
on culture and plodding studiously than natural genius; with 
culture, can do well, without it little ; with the motive and 
vital 6 or 7, are by far best adapted to farming or manual 
pursuits than literary, and should cultivate intellect and 
memory. 
3.—Have little love for literary pursuits ; are rather dull, and 
THE MENTAL TEMPERAMENT. WELL BALANCED TEMPERAMENT. 
41 
fall asleep over books and sermons; and can not marshal 
ideas for speaking or writing. 
2.—Are exceedingly dull of comprehension; slow of per- 
ception; poor in judgment and memory; bate books; must be 
told what and how to do; and should seek the direction of 
superior minds. 
1.—Are almost senseless and idiotic. 
8.—A WELL-BALANCED TEMPERAMENT 
is by far the best. That most favorable to true greatness and 
general genius, to strength of character, along with perfection. 
and to harmony and inconsistency throughout, is one in which 
each is strongly marked, and all about equally developed. 
Excessive motive with deficient mental gives power with 
sluggishness, so that the talents lie dormant. Excessive vital 
gives physical power and enjoyment, but too little of the 
mental and moral, along with coarseness and animality. Ex- 
cessive mental confers too much mind for body, too much 
sentimentalism and exquisiteness, along with greenhouse pre- 
cocity. Whereas their equal balance gives an abundant sup- 
Fig. 5.—W ell-Balancf.d Temperament. 42 
SIZE OF BRAIN. 
ply of vital energy, physical stamina, and mental power and 
susceptibility. They may be compared to the several parts 
of a steamboat and its appurtenances. The vital is the steam- 
power; the motive, the hulk or frame-work; the mental, the 
freight and passengers. The vital predominating, generates 
more animal energy than can well be worked-off, and causes 
restlessness, excessive passion, and a pressure which endan- 
gers outbursts and overt actions; predominant motive gives 
too much frame or hulk; moves slowly, and with weak mental, 
is too light freighted to secure the great ends of life; predom- 
inant mental overloads, and endangers sinking : b.ut all equally 
balanced and powerful, carry great loads rapidly and well, 
and accomplish wonders. Such persons unite cool judgment 
with intense and well-governed feelings; great force of char- 
acter and intellect with perfect consistency; scholarship with 
sound common sense; far-seeing sagacity with brilliancy ; and 
have the highest order of both physiology and mentality. 
Most diseases, too, are consequent on this predcminence or 
deficiency of one or another of these temperaments, and when 
either fail, all fail. Hence the infinite importance of culti- 
vating those that are weak. A well-balanced phrenology 
equally important, and its absence unfavorable. 
9.—SIZE OF BRAIN. 
That size, other conditions being equal, is a measure of 
power, is a universal law. In general, the larger a piece of 
iron, wood, anything, the stronger; and large men and ani- 
mals are stronger than those that are small. This is a natural 
law. Still, sometimes smaller men, horses, etc., are stronger, 
can lift, draw, and endure more than others that are larger, be- 
cause they are different in quality, health, etc. But where 
the quality is the same, whatever is largest is proportionally 
the most powerful. And this undisputed law of things is 
equally true of the brain, and that mental power put forth 
thereby. All really great men have great heads—merely 
smart ones, or those great only in certain faculties or special- 
ties of character, not always. The brains of Cuvier, Byron, 
and Spurzheim were among the heaviest ever weighed, True, 
Byron’s hat was small, doubtless because his brain was conical, 
and most developed in the base; but its great weight estab- 
lishes its great size. So does that of Bonaparte. Besides, SIZE OF DRAIN. 
43 
he wore a very large hat—one that passed clear over the head 
of Col. Lehmenouski, one of his body-guard, whose head 
measured 2 3 1-2 inches, so that Bonaparte’s head must have 
measured nearly or quite 24 inches. Webster’s head was 
massive, measuring over 24 inches, and Clay’s 2 3 1-2; and 
this was about Van Buren’s size; Chief Justice Gibson’s, the 
greatest jurist in Pennsylvania, 24 1-2 ; and Hamilton’s hat 
passed over the head of a man whose head measured 2 3 1-2. 
Burke’s head was immense, so was Jefferson’s, while Franklin’s 
hat passed over the ears of a 24-inch head. The heads of 
Washington, Adams, and a thousand other celebrities, were 
also large. Bright, apt, smart, literary, knowing, even 
eloquent men, etc., often have only average, even moderate- 
size heads, because endowed with high quality, yet such 
are more admired than commanding ; more brilliant than pow- 
erful ; more acute than profound ; though they may show-off 
well in an ordinary sphere, yet are not the men for great 
occasions; nor have they that giant force of intellect which 
molds and sways nations and ages. The phrenological law is, 
that size, other things being equal, is a measure of power; yet 
these other conditions, such as activity, power of motive, 
health, physiological habits, etc., increase or diminish the men- 
tality even more than size. Quality is more important than 
quantity, but true greatness requires both cerebral quantity 
and quality. 
Still, those again who have very large heads, are sometimes 
dull, almost foolish, because their quality is low. As far, then, 
as concerns Phrenology itself, this doctrine of size appertains 
to the different organs in the same head, as well as to different 
heads, Still this doctrine, that size is the measure of power, 
is no more a special doctrine of Phrenology than of every 
other department of nature. And those who object to this 
science on this ground are objecting to a known law of things. 
If size were the only condition of power, their cavils might 
be worthy of notice; as it is, they are not. 
Though tape measurements, taken around the head, from 
Eventuality to Philoprogenitiveness or Parental Love, give 
some idea of the size of the brain, the fact that some heads 
are round, others long, some low, and others high, so modifies 
these measurements that they do not convey any very correct 44 
BRAIN—BODY AND WEIGHT. 
idea of the actual quantity of brain. Yet these measurements 
range somewhat as follows in adults: 
Circumference of 
Head in inches. 
Nominal Adult Weight 
Size. lbs. 
Ind. to Occipital 
Spine below 
Pliilopro. 
Opening of Ear 
to Opening of 
Ear over Firm 
19 
1 
100 
9 
9 
19i<2 
2 
110 
1013 
10 to 11 
20 
3 
120 
11*2 
11 “ 12 
21 
4 
130 
12 
12i2 
22 
5 
150 
14 
14l2 
23 
6 
175 
15 
15,i2 
24 
7 
195 
15i2 
16 
Female heads 
are half 
an inch 
to 
an inch below 
these meas- 
urements, ‘and the weight 
lighter. 
Children have 
larger heads as 
compared with their weight 
of body 
than will be 
the 
case when 
they have grown 
to maturity. 
VERY LARGE.—With quality good, are naturally great; 
with delight and astonishment. With quality and activity 
6 or 7, are a natural genius, a mental giant; even without 
education will surmount disadvantages, learn with wonderful 
facility, sway minds, and become eminent; with the organs 
of practical intellect and the propelling powers G or 7, will 
possess the first order of natural abilities; manifest a clearness 
and force of intellect which will astonish the world, and a 
power of feeling which will carry all before them; and, with 
proper cultivation, become bright stars in the firmament of 
intellectual greatness, upon Avhich coming ages will gaze 
with delight and astonishment. With quality and activity 
5 or 4, are great on great occasions, and, when thoroughly 
roused, manifest splendid talents, and naturally take the lead 
among men, otherwise not; with activity or quality deficient, 
must cultivate much in order to become much. 
LARGE.—'With activity and quality 6 or 7, combine great 
power of mind with great activity; exercise a commanding 
influence over other minds to sway and persuade; and enjoy 
and suffer in the extreme; with perceptives 6, can conduct 
a large business or undertaking successfully ; rise to eminence, 
and evince great originality and power of intellect, strong 
native sense, superior judgment, great force of character and 
feeling, and make a conspicuous and enduring mark on the 
intellectual or business world, or in whatever direction these 
superior capacities are put forth. With activity and quality 5, 
are endowed with superior natural talents, yet require strong 
incentives to call them out; undeveloped by circumstances, SIZE OP BRAIN. 
45 
may pass through life without accomplishing much, or attract- 
ing notice, or evincing more than ordinary parts; but with the 
perceptive and forcible organs also 6, and talents disciplined 
and called out, manifest a vigor and energy far above medi- 
ocrity ; are adequate to carry forward great undertakings, 
demanding originality and force of mind and character, yet are 
rather indolent. With activity only average, possess consid- 
erable energy of intellect and feeling, yet seldom manifests 
it, unless brought out by some powerul stimulus, and are rather 
too indolent to exert, especially intellect. 
\ FULL—With quality or activity 6 or 7, and the organs of 
practical intellect and of the propelling powers large, or very 
large, although not really great in intellect, or deep, are 
clever; have considerable talent, and that so distributed that 
it shows to be even more or better than it really is ; are capable 
of being a good scholar, doing a fine business, and, with 
advantages and application, of becoming distinguished some- 
what, yet inadequate to great undertakings; can not sway an 
extensive influence, nor become really great, yet have good 
natural capacities; with activity 4 or 5, will do tolerably well, 
and manifest a common share of talent; with activity only 3, 
will neither be nor do much worthy of notice. 
\ AVERAGE.—With activity 6, manifest a quick, clear, 
sprightly mind, and off-hand talents ; and are capable of doing 
a fair business, especially if the stamina is good; with activity 
7, and the organs of the propelling powers and of practical 
intellect 6 or 7, are capable of doing a good business, and 
possess fair talent, yet are not original or profound ; are quick 
of perception; have a good practical understanding; will do 
well in an ordinary business or sphere, yet never manifest 
greatness, and out of this sphere are common-place ; with activ- 
ity only 4, discover only an ordinary amount of intellect; are 
indisposed and inadequate to any important undertaking; yet, 
in a common sphere, or one that requires only a mechanical 
routine of business, can do well; with moderate or small activ- 
ity, will hardly accomplish or er.joy anything worthy of 
note. 
MODERATE.—With quality, activity, and the propelling 
and perceptive faculties 6, possess a fair intellect, yet are more 
showy than sound; with others to plan and direct, can execute 46 
FORM INDICATES CHARACTER. 
to advantage, yet are unable to do much alone; have an active 
mind, and are quick of perception, yet, have a contracted 
intellect; possess only a fair mental caliber, and lack momen- 
tum, both of mind and character; with activity only 4, have 
but a low degree of intellect, and even this too slugglish for 
action, so as neither to suffer nor enjoy much; with activity 3 
or 2, are dull, and hardly non compos mentis. 
2 or 1 .—Are weak in character and inferior in intellect— 
indeed, simple or idiotic. 
This doctrine, that “ size is a measure of power,” is equally 
true of different groups of organs, and regions of the brain. 
Those who have a large forehead, with a deficient back and 
side-head, if of good temperament, will be deep, original 
thinkers, but lack force and energy of character; while those 
who have heavy base and back-head, "with a smaller fore-head, 
will possess energy, courage, passion, sociability, and vim, but 
lack intellectual capacity. But this point will be elucidated 
hereafter. 
SECTION ir. 
10.—FORM AS CORRESPONDING WITH CHARACTER. 
Nature classifies all lier works into orders, genera, and 
species. Form constitutes lier great base of this classification. 
She always does similar characteristics in like configura- 
tions—apple character in apple shape, fish character in fish con- 
figuration, bear nature in bear forth, human nature in human 
shape, and so on throughout all her works. And things alike 
in character are so in form—all oaks and pines like all. All 
kernels of wheat, corn, rye, etc., are formed like all others of 
the same character. All tigers are like each other, and all 
canines resemble each other in shape and character. All 
human beings resemble each other in looks and mentality, and 
monkeys approximate toward man in both shape and character. 
Therefore since outline shape indicates outline character, of 
course all the minute details of shape indicate like peculiari- 
ties of character, so that every wrinkle and shade of configura- 
tion indicates a like diversity in their mentality. And since 
the brain is confessedly the organ of the mind, its special form 
must of course correspond with the special traits of character. ONENESS OF STRUCTURE. 
47 
Or thus: since universal shape corresponds Avith uniArersal 
character, of course the form of the head is as the special 
characteristics of the mind. And this involves the doctrines 
of Phrenology. In short, the correspondence betAAreen form 
and character is absolute and universal—on a .scale at once the 
broadest and most minute possible. Then, Avhat special forms 
indicate Avhat particular characteristics? 
11.—HOMOGENEOUSNESS OR ONENESS OF STRUCTURE. 
E\’ery part of everything bears an exact correspondence to 
that thing as a whole. Thus, tall-bodied trees ha\7e long 
branches and lea\res; sliort-bodied trees, short branches and 
roots; and creeping vines, as the grape, honeysuckle, etc., 
long, slim roots, that run under ground as extensively as their 
tops do above. The Rhode Island Greening, a large, A\eil- 
proportioned apple, grows on a tree large in trunk, limb, leaf, 
and root, and symmetrical, while the Gillifieur is conical, and 
its tree long-limbed, and runs up high to a peak at the top, 
Avhile flat and broad-topped trees bear AA'ide, flat, sunken-eyed 
apples. Very thrifty growing trees, as the BaldAAin, Fall 
Pippin, Bartlett, Black Tartarian, etc., generally bear large 
fruit, Avhile small fruit, as the Seckel Pear, Lady Apple, Bell 
De Choisy Cherry, etc., grow slowly and have many small 
tAA'igs and branches. Trees that bear red fruit, as the Baldwin, 
etc., have red inner bark; while yelloAV and green-colored 
fruits grow on trees the inner rind of AAhose limbs is yelloAV or 
green. Peach-trees that bear early peaches ha\Te deeply- 
notched lea\7es, and the converse of late ones ; so that, by these 
and other physiognomical signs, experienced nurserymen can 
tell what a given tree bears at first sight. 
Correspondingly, long-handed persons have long fingers, 
toes, arms, legs, bodies, heads, and phrenological organs: 
while short and broad-shouldered persons are short and broad- 
handed, fingered, faced, nosed, and limbed, and Avide and low 
bodied. When the bones on the hand are prominent, all the 
bones, nose included, are equally so, and thus of all other 
characteristics of the hand, and every other portion of all 
bodies. Hence, a hand thrust through a hole proclaims the 
general character of its owner, because if it is large or small, 
hard or soft, strong or weak, firm or flabby, coarse-grained or 
fine-textured, even or prominent, rough or smooth, small- boned or large-boned, or whatever else, the whole body is 
built upon the same principle, with which the brain and 
mentality also correspond. Hence, also, small-nosed persons 
have little soul, and large-nosed a great deal of character of 
some kind. 
PlfYSIOO NOMICA L SI G NS. 
Bonaparte chose large-nosed men for his generals, and the 
opinion prevails that large noses indicate long heads and 
strong minds. Not that great noses cause great minds, hut 
that the motive or powerful temperament cause both. Flat 
noses indicate flatness of mind and character, by indicating 
a poor, low, organic structiue. Broad noses indicate large 
passage-ways to the lungs, and this, large lungs and vital 
organs, and this, great strength of constitution, and hearty ani- 
mal passions, along with selfishness; for broad noses, broad 
shoulders, broad heads, and large animal organs go together. 
But when the nose is narrow at the base, the nostrils are small, 
because the lungs are small, and need but small avenues for air ; 
and this indicates a predisposition to consumptive complaints, 
along with an active brain and nervous system, and a passion- 
ace fondness for literary pursuits. Sharp noses indicate a 
quick, clear, penetrating, searching, knowing, sagacious 
mind, and also a scold ; indicate warmth of love, hate, generos- 
ity, moral sentiment—indeed, positiveness in everything, while 
blunt noses indicate and accompany obtuse intellect's and per- 
ceptions, sluggish feelings, and crude character. The Roman 
nose indicates a martial spirit, love of debate, resistance, and 
strong passions, while hollow, pug noses indicate a tame, easy, 
inert, sly character, and straight, finely-formed Grecian noses 
harmonious characters. Seek their acquaintance. We have 
chosen our illustrations from the nose, because it is easily seen 
and described, and renders observation on the character easy 
and correct. But the principle here exemplified applies to all 
the other organs and portions of the face and body. 
And the general forms of the head correspond with those of 
the body and nose. Where the nose is sharp, mental charac- 
teristics are equally sharp—the whole person being built on 
the shaup principle, and of breadth, prominence, length, etc. 
Tall persons have high heads, and are aspiring, aim high, 
and seek conspicuosity, while short ones have lower heads, 
and seek the lower forms of worldly pleasures. Tall persons 
are rarely mean, though often grasping; but very penurious BREADTH, PROMINENCE AND ACTIVITY. 
persons are often broad built. Small persons generally have 
exquisite mentalities, yet less power—the more precious the 
article the smaller the package in which it is done up—while 
great men are rarely dwarfs, though great si&e often co-exists 
with sluggishness. To particularize—there are four leading 
forms which indicate generic characteristics, all existing in 
every one, yet in different degrees. They are, 
12.—BREADTH AS INDICATING ANIMALITY. 
Spherical forms are naturally self-protecting. RoundneSS 
protects its possessor. So all round-built animals, as Indian 
pony, bull-dog, elephant, etc., are round favored and strongs 
constitutioned, tough, enduring, and very hardy, but less 
active and sprightly in body and mind. And this applies 
equally to human beings. Broad-built persons may be indus- 
trious, plodding, good feeling, and the like, but love their ease, 
are not generally brilliant, and take good care of self. Yet 
they -wear like iron, and unless health has been abused, can 
live to a great age. This form corresponds with the vital tem- 
perament. 
13. PROMINENCE INDICATES POWER. 
“ A lean horse for a long pull” is an observation as true as 
trite. This corresponds with the motive temperament, which 
it indicates. 
14. ACTIVITY INDICATED BY LENGTH. 
In and by the nature of things length of form facilitates ease 
of action. Thus, deer, gazelle, greyhound, giraffe, tiger, 
weasel, eel, and all long and slim animals, are quick-motioned, 
lively, sprightly, nimble, and agile. The same principle applies 
equally to persons. Thus, those very long-favored, or in 
whom this form is. 
7.—Are as quick as a flash to perceive and do; agile; light- 
motioned ; limber-jointed ; nimble ; always in motion ; restless 
as the wind; talk too rapidly to be emphatic; have no lazy 
bones in their bodies; are always moving head, hands, feet, 
something ; are natural scholars ; quick to learn and under- 
stand ; remarkably smart and knowing ; and lovo action—to 
keep doing—for its own sake; wide awake; eager; uncom- 
monly quick to think and feel; sprightly in conversation ; ver- 
satile in talent; flexible; suggestive; abounding in idea; apt 50 
ACTIVITY 
at most things; exposed to consumption, because action 
exceeds strength; early ripe; brilliant; liable to premature 
exhaustion and disease, because the mentality predominates 
over the vitality. 
6.—Are active, restless, brisk, stirring, lively, anything 
but lazy, with a good organism; are quick-spoken; clear- 
headed; understand matters and things at the first glance; 
see right into and through business, and all they touch readily ; 
are real workers with head or hands, but prefer head-work ; 
positive; the one thing or the other; and are strongly pre- 
inclined to the intellectual and moral. Their characters, 
unless perverted, like their persons, ascend instead of de- 
scending ; and they are better adapted to law, merchandise, 
banking, or business than to farming, or heavy mechanical 
work. Yet, if mechanics, should choose those kinds re- 
quiring more sprightliness than strength, and mind than 
muscle. 
\ 5 or 4.—Have a fair, but only fair, share of natural ac- 
tivity and sprightliness; do what they can, and with tolerable 
ease, but do not love action for its own sake. 
3.—Are rather inactive; do only what they must, and that 
grudgingly; love to be Avaited on, but not to wait; and 
get along with the fewest steps possible; seek a sedentary 
life, and are as loth to exercise mind as body. 
2 and 1.—Are downright slothful, lazy, and good for no- 
thing to themselves or ohers. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Keep doing, doing, doing all the time, 
and in as lively and sprightly a manner as possible; and 
live more on foot than seated. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Sit down and rest when tired, and let 
the world jog on while you enjoy it. Lo only half you think 
you must, and be content to let the rest go undone. Do for 
once just see if you can't be lazy. Work as few hours as 
possible, and take all the advantage you can to get along 
with the least outlay of strength possible. Sit down, and 
enjoy what you have already obtained, instead of trying to 
get so much more. Live on your laurels. Don't tear and 
fret so, if all is not exactly to your liking, but cultivate 
contentment EXCITABILITY. 
51 
15.—EXCITABILITY INDICATED BY SHARPNESS. 
All sharp things are, in and by the very nature of their 
form, penetrating, of which the needle furnishes an example. 
And this law applies equally to human beings. From time 
immemorial a sharp nose has been considered indicative 
of a scolding disposition ; yet it is equally so of intensity in 
the other feelings, as well as those which scold. 
7.—Are extremely susceptible to impressions of all kinds; 
intensely excited by trifles; apt to magnify good, bad, every- 
thing, far beyond the reality; a creature of impulse and 
mere feeling; subject to extreme ups and downs of emotion ; 
one hour in the garret, the next in the cellar;. extremely 
liable to neuralgia and nervous affections; with quality and 
activity 6 or 7, have ardent desires; intense feelings; keen 
susceptibilities; enjoy and suffer in the extreme; are whole- 
souled ; sensitive; positive in likes and dislikes; cordial: 
enthusiastic; impulsive; have hobbies; abound in good feel- 
ing, yet are quick-temjjered; excitable; liable to extremes; 
have a great deal of SOUL or passion, and warmth of feel- 
ing ; are BRILLIANT writers or speakers, but too refined and 
sensitive for the mass of mankind; gleam in the career of 
genius, but burn out the vital powers on the altar of nervous 
excitability, and fall victims to premature death, should 
keep clear from all false excitements and stimulants, mental 
and physical—tea, coffee, tobacco, drugs, and alcoholic drinks, 
and cool-off and keep cool. 
6.—Are like 7, only less so; warm-hearted, impetuous, 
impulsive, full of soul, and too susceptible to external influ- 
ences ; swayed too much by feeling: and need much self- 
government and coolness. 
5.—Are sufficiently sensitive and susceptible to exciting 
causes, yet not passional, nor impulsive; and easily aroused, 
yet not easily carried away by excitements. With activity 
6 or 7, are very quick, but perfectly cool; decide and act 
instantly, yet knowingly ; do nothing without thinking, but 
think and do instantaneously; are never flustered, but com- 
bine great rapidity with perfect self-possession. 
4.—Are like the placid lake—no waves, no noise, and evince 
the same quiet spirit under all circumstances. 
3.—Are rather phlegmatic ; slow to perceive and feel; rather 52 
EXCITABILITY. 
cold and passionless; rarely ever elated or depressed ; neither 
love nor hate, enjoy nor suffer, with much spirit; are enthu- 
siastic in nothing, and throw little life or soul into expression 
or action. 
2.—Are torpid, listless, spiritless, half asleep about every- 
thing, and monotonous and mechanical in everything. 
1.—Are really stupid, have the texture of humanity, but 
lack its life and glow, and enjoy and suffer very little. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Yield yourself up to the effects of in- 
fluences, persons and things, naturally operating on you; 
seek amusements and excitements; and try to feel more 
than comes natural to you. 
TO RESTRAIN.—First, fulfill all the health conditions, 
so as thereby to allay all false excitement, and secure a quiet 
state of the body. Eat freely of lettuce and celery, but 
avoid spices and condiments. Air, exercise, water, and 
sleep, and avoiding stimulants, constitute your great phys- 
ical opiates. Second, avoid all unpleasant mental excite- 
ments, and by mere force of will cultivate a calm, quiet, 
luxurious, to-day enjoying frame of mind. If in trouble, 
banish it, and make yourself as happy as i>ossible. 
These primary forms and characteristics usually combine 
in different degrees, producing, of course, corresponding 
differences in the talents and characteristics. Thus, elo- 
quence accompanies breadth combined with sharpness. They 
create that gushing sympathy, that spontaneous overflowing 
of the soul, that high-wrought, impassioned ecstasy and in- 
tensity of emotion, in which true eloquence consists, and 
transmit it less by words than look, gesture, and those touch- 
ing, melting, soul-stirring, thrilling intonations which storm 
the citadel of the soul. Hence it can never be written, but 
must be seen, heard, and felt. This sharpness and breadth 
produce it first by giving great lungs to exhilarate the speak- 
er, and send the blood frothing and foaming to the brain, 
and secondly, by conferring the utmost excitability and in- 
tensity of emotion, and it is in this exhilaration that real 
eloquence mainly consists. This sharp and broad form pre- 
dominated in Bascom, whom Clay pronounced the greatest 
natural orator he ever heard ; in Chapin and Beecher, con- 
fessedly our finest speakers m the pulpit or the rostrum; in Everett; in “ the old man eloquent,” indeed both the 
Adamses; in Dr. Bethune and a host of others. Still, in 
Patrick Henry, Pitt, and John B. Gough, each unequaled 
in his day and sphere, the sharp combined with the long. This 
gives activity united with excitability. Yet this form gives 
also the poetic more than the oratorical—gives the impassion- 
ed, which is the soul of both. 
Authorship, again, is usually accompanied by the long, 
prominent, and sharp. Reference is not now had to flippant 
scribblers of exciting newspaper squibs, or even of dashing 
editorials, or sensational productions, nor to mere compilers, 
but to the authors of deep, sound, original, philosophical, 
clear-headed, labor productions. 
RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN MEN AND ANIMALS. 
53 
THE POETIC, OR LONG AND SHARP FORM. 
Poetry inheres in various forms. Some distinguished poets 
are broad and sharp, others long and sharp, but all sharp. 
Those who evolve the highest, finest, and most fervid style 
and cast of sentiment, have more of the long, yet less of the 
prominent, yet with the long a predominance of the sharp, 
and are often quite tall. Wm. C. Bryant furnishes an ex- 
cellent illustration of this shape, as his character does of 
its accompanying mentality. Those who poetize the passions 
are, like orators, broad and sharp, of whom Byron furnishes 
an example in poetry and configuration. The best com- 
binations of forms for writers and scholars is the sharp pre- 
dominant, long next, prominent next and all conspicuous. 
The best form for contractors, builders, managers of men 
and large mechanical operations, is the broad and promi- 
nent combined. But they should not be slim. A farmer 
may have any form but a spindling one, yet a horticulturist 
or nurseryman may be slim. 
16.-RESEMBLANCE BETWEEN MEN AND ANIMALS. 
That certain men “ look like” one or another species of an- 
imals is an ancient observation. And when in looks, also in 
character. That is, some have both the lion, or bulldog, or 
eagle, or squirrel expression of face, and likewise traits of 
character. Thus, Daniel Webster was called the “ Lion of the 
North,” from his general resemblance in form, having shoul- 
ders, hair, and general expression to tha.t king of beasts; arid 54 
a lion he indeed was, in his sluggishness when at his ease, 
hut power when roused; in his magnanimity to opponents, 
and the power of his passions. 
He had a distinguished cotemporary, whose color, expression 
of countenance, manners, everything, resembled those of the 
fox, and foxy indeed he was, in character as well as looks, and 
introduced into the political machinery of our country that 
wire-working, double-game policy and chicanery, which 
has done more to corrupt our ever-glorious institutions than 
everything else combined, even endangering their very exist- 
ence. 
Thoso who resemble the bulldog' are broad-built, round 
favored, square-faced, round-headed, having a forehead 
square, and perhaps prominent, but low; mouth rendered 
square by the projection of the eye or canine teeth, and small- 
ness of those in front; corners of the mouth drawn down; 
and voice deep, guttural, growling, and snarling. Such, if 
fed, will bark and bite for you, but if provoked wall lay 
right hold of you, and hold on till you or they perish in the 
struggle. 
Tristam Burges, called in Congress the “ Bald Eagle,” 
from his having the aquiline or eagle-bill nose, a projection in 
the upper lip, falling into an indentation in the lower, his 
eagle-shaped eyes and eyebrow's, as seen in the accompanying 
engraving, was eagle-like in character, and the most war-like, 
tearing, and soaring man of his day. And whoever has a 
long, hooked, hawk-bill, or Roman nose, wide mouth, spare 
form, prominence at the lower and middle part of the fore- 
head, is very fierce when assailed, high tempered, vindictive, 
efficient, and aspiring, and will fly higher and farther than 
others. 
Tigers are always spare, muscular, long, full over the eyes, 
large-mouthed, and have eyes slanting downward from their 
outer to inner angles ; and hum n be ngs thus physicgnomically 
characterized, are fierce, domineering, revengeful, most enter- 
prising, not over humane, a terror to enemies, and conspicuous 
somewhere. 
Swine—fat, lazy, good-dispositioned, flat and hollow-nosed 
—have their cousins in large abdomened, pug-nosed, double- 
cbinned, talkative, story-enjoying, beer-loving, good-feeling 
MEN AND ANIMALS. 55 
and feeding, yes-yes humans, who love some easy business, 
but hate hard work. 
Horses, oxen, sheep, owls, doves, snakes, and even frogs, 
etc., also have their men and women cousins, with their accom- 
panying characters. 
These resemblances are plain, but more difficult to'describe ; 
but the voice, forms of mouth, nose, and chin are the best 
bases of observation. 
PHYSIOGNOMY. 
17.—BEAUTIFUL, HOMELY AND OTHER FORMS. 
In accordance with this general law, that shape is as char- 
acter, well-proportioned persons have harmony of features 
and well-balanced minds; whereas those, some of whose feat- 
ures stand right out, and others fall in, have uneven, ill-bal- 
aced characters, so that homely, disjointed exteriors indicate 
corresponding interiors, Avhile evenly-balanced and exquis- 
itely formed men and women have well-balanced and suscep- 
tible mentalities. Hence, woman, more beautiful than man, 
has finer feelings and greater perfection of character, yet is less 
powerful—and the more beautifully formed the more exquis 
ite and perfect the mentality. Nature never deceives—never 
clothes that in a beautiful, attractive exterior which is intrins- 
ally bad or repellant. True, the handsomest things, when 
soured, become correspondingly sour. The finest things, 
when perverted, become the worst. These two extremes are 
the worst tempered—those naturally beautiful and exquisitely 
organized, that when perverted they become proportionally 
bad, and those naturally ugly formed are naturally bad dis- 
positioned. 
Yet homely persons are often excellent tempered, benevo- 
lent, talented, etc., because they have a few Powerful 
traits, and also features—the very thing we are explaining— 
that is, they have extremes alike of face and character. Thus 
it is that every diversity of character has its correspondence 
in both the physiognomical form and organic texture. 
18.-WALKING AS INDICATING CHARACTER, 
As already shown, texture corresponds with character, and 
motion with texture, and therefore character. Those whose 
motions are awkward yet easy, possess much efficiency and pos- 
itiveness of character yet lack polish; and just in proportion <*§ they become refined in mind will their movements be corre- 
spondingly improved. A short and quick step indicates a brisk 
and active but rather contracted mind, whereas those who take 
long steps generally have long heads; yet if the step is slow, 
they will make comparatively little progress, while those 
whoso step is long and quick will accomplish proportionately 
much, and pass most of their competitors on the highway of 
life. Their heads and plans too will partake of the same 
far-reaching character evinced in their carriage. Those who 
skuff or drag their heels, drag and drawl in everything; while 
those who walk with a springing, bounding step, abound in 
mental snap and spring. Those whose walk is mincing, 
affected, and artificial, rarely, if ever, accomplish much; 
whereas those who wTalk carelessly, that is, naturally, are 
just what they appear to be, and put on nothing for outside 
show. Those who in walking roll from side to side, lack 
directness of character, and side every way, according to cir- 
cumstances ; whereas those wiio take a bee line—that is, wdiose 
body moves neither to the right nor left, but straight forward 
—have a corresponding directness of purpose and oneness of 
character. Those, also, who teeter up and down when they 
walk, rising an inch oj two every step, will have many corre- 
sponding ups and dowms in life, because of their irregularity 
of character and feeling. Those, too, who make a great ado 
in walking, wall make much needless parade in everything 
else, and hence spend a great amount of useless steam in 
accomplishing nothing; whereas those who walk easily, or 
expend little strength in walking, will accomplish great results 
wdth but little outlay of strength, both mental and physical. 
In short, every individual has his owai peculiar mode of mov- 
ing, which exactly accords with his mental character; so that, 
as far as you can see such modes, you can decipher such out- 
lines of character. 
To dancing these principles apply equally. A small, deli- 
cately molded, fine skinned, pocket-Venus, whose motions 
are light, easy, waving, and rather characterless, who puts 
forth but little strength in dancing, is very exquisite in feel- 
ings, but rather light in the upper story, lacking sense, 
thought, and strength of mind ; but a large, rawr-boned, bounc- 
ing Betty, who throw's herself far up, and comes down good 
an cl solid, when she dances is a strong, powerful, determined 
CHARACTER INDICATED BY MOTION. PHYSIOGNOMICAL INDICATIONS. 
57 
character, well suited to do up rough work, but destitute of 
polish, though possessed of great force. Some dance all 
dandy, others all business, yet few all intellect. 
19.—LAUGHTER AS CORRESPONDING WITH CHARACTER. 
Laughter is very expressive of character. Those who laugh 
very heartily have music cordiality and whole-souledness of 
character, except that those who laugh heartily at trities have 
much feeling, yet little sense. Those whose giggles are rapid, 
but light, have much intensity of feeling, yet lack power; 
whereas those who combine rapidity with force in laughing, 
combine them in character. One of the greatest workers I 
ever employed, I hired just because he laughed heartily, his 
giggles being rapid and loud. But a colored domestic who 
laughed very rapidly, but lightly, took a great many steps 
to do almost nothing, and though she worked fast, accom- 
plished little. Vulgar persons always laugh vulgarly, and 
refined persons show refinement in their laugh. Those w’ho 
ha, ha right out, unreservedly, have no cunning, and are open- 
hearted in everything; while those who suppress their 
laughter, and try to control their countenances in it, are more 
or less secretive. Those who laugh with their mouths closed 
are non-committal; while those wrho throw it wide open are 
unguarded and unequivocal in character. Those who, sup- 
pressing laughter for awhile, burst forth volcano-like, have 
strong characteristics, but are well- governed, yet violent when 
they give way to their feelings. Then there is the intellectual 
laugh, the love laugh, the horse laugh, the philoprogenitive 
laugh, the friendly laugh, and many other kinds of laugh, each 
indicative of corresponding mental improvements. 
also expresses character. Thus, those who give a tame and 
loose hand, and shake lightly, have a cold, if not heartless 
and selfish disposition, rarely sacrificing much for others, are 
probably conservatives, and lack warmth and soul. Rut those 
who grasp firmly, and shake heartily, have a corresponding 
whole-souledness of character, are hospitable, and will sacri- 
fice business to friends; while those who bow low when they 
shake hands, add deference to friendship, and are easily led, 
tor good or had, by friends, 
20.—THE MODE OF SHAKING HANDS 58 
VOICE INDICATES CHARACTER. 
21.-MOUTH AND EYES PECULIARLY EXPRESSIVE OF 
CHARACTER. 
Each mouth differs from every other, and indicates a coin- 
cident character. Large mouths express a corresponding 
quantity of mentality, while small ones, indicate a lesser 
amount. A coarsely formed mouth indicates power, while one 
finely formed indicates exquisite susceptibilities. Hence small, 
delicately-formed mouths indicate only common minds, with 
very fine feelings and much perfection of character. When- 
ever the muscles about the mouth are distinct, the character 
is correspondingly positive, and the reverse. Those who open 
their mouths wide and frequently thereby evince an open 
soul, while closed mouths, unless to hide deformed teeth, are 
proportionately secie ive. 
And thus of the eyes. In traveling west, in 1837, we 
examined a man who made great pretension to religion, but 
was destitute of conscience, whom we afterward ascertained 
to bo an impostor. While attending the Farmers’ Club, in 
New York, this scamp came in, and besides keeping his eyes 
half-closed half the time, frequently shut them so as to peep 
out upon those present, but opened them barely enough to 
allow vision. Those who keep their eyes half shut are peek- 
a-boos and eavesdroppers. 
Those, too, 'who keep their coats buttoned up, fancy high- 
nccked and closed dresses, etc., are equally non-cominunica- 
tive, but those who like open, free, flowing garments, are 
equally open-hearted and communicative. 
22.—INTONATIONS AS EXPRESSING CHARACTER. 
Whatever makes a noise, from the deafening roar of sea, 
cataract, and whirlwind’s mighty crash, through all forms of 
animal life, to the sweet and gentle voice of woman, makes a 
sound which agrees perfectly with the maker’s character. 
Thus the terrific roar of the lion, and the soft cooing of tho 
dove, correspond exactly with their respective dispositions; 
while the rough and powerful bellow of the bull, the fierce 
yell of the tiger, the coarse, guttural moan of the hyena, tho 
swinish grunt, tho sweet warblings of birds, in contrast with 
the raven’s croak and the owl’s hoot, each correspond perfectly 
with their respective characteristics. And this law holds COLOR OF IIAIR, BExVRD, SKIN. 
59 
equally true of man. Hence human intonations are as superior 
to brutal as human character exceeds animal. Accordingly, tho 
peculiarities of all human beings are expressed in their voices 
and mode of speaking. Coarse-grained and powerful animal 
organizations have a coarse, harsh, and grating voice, while 
in exact proportion as persons become refined and elevated 
mentally, will their tones of voice become correspondingly 
refined and perfected. We little realize how much of character 
we infer from this source. Thus, some female friends are 
visiting me transiently. A male friend, staying with me, 
enters the room, is seen by my female company, and his walks, 
dress, manners, etc., closely scrutinized, yet he says nothing, 
and retires, leaving a comparatively indistinct impression as 
to his character upon my female visitors, whereas, if he simply 
said yes or no, the mere sound of his voice communicates to 
their minds much of his character, and serves to fix distinctly 
upon their minds clear and correct general ideas of his men- 
tality. 
The barbarous races use the guttural sounds more than the 
civilized. Thus Indians talk more down the throat than 
white men, and thus of all, whether lower or higher in the 
human scale. Those whose voices are clear and distinct have 
clear minds, while those who only half form their words, or 
are heard indistinctly, are mentally obtuse. Those who have 
sharp, shrill intonations have correspondingly intense feelings, 
and equal sharpness both of anger and kindness, as is exem- 
plified by every scold in the world ; whereas those with smooth 
or sweet voices have corresponding evenness and goodness 
of character. Yet, contradictory as it may seem, these same 
persons not unfrequently combine both sharpness and softness 
of voice, and such always combine in character. There are 
also the intellectual, the moral, the animal, the selfish, the 
benignant, the mirthful, the devout, the love, and many other 
intonations, each accompanying corresponding peculiarities of 
characters. In short, every individual is compelled, by every 
word uttered, to manifest something of the true character—a 
sign of character as diversified as correct. 
23.—COLOR AND TEXTURE OF HAIR, SKIN, BEARD, ETC. 
Everything in nature is colored, inside and out; and the 
color corresponds with the character. Nature paints ho? 60 
COLOR OF IIAIR, BEARD, SKIN. 
coarse productions in coarse drab, but adorns all her finer, 
more exquisite productions with her most beautiful colors. 
Thus, highly-colored fruits are always highly flavored; the 
birds of the highest quality are arrayed in the most gorgeous 
tints and hues. 
So, also, particular colors signify particular qualities. Thus, 
throughout all nature black signifies power, or a great amount 
of character; red, the ardent, loving, intense, concentrated, 
positive; green, immaturity; j'ellow, ripeness, richness, etc. 
Hence all black animals are powerful, of which bear, Morgan 
horse, black snake, etc., furnish examples. So black fruits, 
as blackberry, black raspberry, whortle berry, black Tartarian 
cherry, etc., are highly-flavored and full of rich juices. So, 
also, the dark races, as Indian and African, are strong, mus- 
cular, and very tough. All red fruits are acid, as the straw- 
berry ; but the darker they are the sweeter, as the Baldwin, 
gillifleur, etc., while striped apples blend the sweet with the 
sour. But whatever is growing, that is, still immature, is 
green ; but all grasses, grains, fruits, etc., pass, while ripening, 
from the green to the yellow', and sometimes through the red. 
The red and yellow fruits are always delicious. Other pri- 
mary colors signify other characteristics. 
Now, since coarseness and fineness of texture indicate 
coarse and fine-grained feelings and characters, and since 
black signifies power, and red ardor, therefore coarse black 
hair and skin signify great power of character of some kind, 
along with considerable tendency to the sensual; yet fine 
black hair and skin indicate strength of character, along with 
purity and goodness. Dark-skinned nations are always be- 
hind the light-skinned in all the improvements of the age, as 
well as in the higher and finer manifestations of humanity. 
So, too, dark-haired like Webster, sometimes called 
“ Black Dan,” possess great power of intellect and pi’opensity, 
yet lack the finer and more delicate shadings of sensibility 
and purity. Coarse black hair and skin, and coarse red hair 
and whiskers, indicate powerful animal passions, together 
with corresponding strength of character; w'hile fine, or light, 
or auburn hair indicates quick susceptibilities, together with 
refinement and good taste. Fine dark or brown hair indicates 
combination of exquisite susceptibilities with great TEXTURE CHARACTERISTICS. 
61 
strength of character, while auburn hair, with a florid coun- 
tenance, indicates the highest order of sentiment and intensity 
of feeling, along with corresponding purity of character, com- 
bined with the highest capacities for enjoyment and suffering. 
And the intermediate colors and textures indicate intermediate 
mentalities. Curly hair or beard indicate a crisp, excitable, 
and variable disposition, and much diversity of character- 
now blowing hot, now cold—along with intense love and hate, 
gushing, glowing emotions, brilliancy, and variety of talent. 
So look out for ringlets; they betoken April weather—treat 
them gently, lovingly, and you will have the brightest, clear- 
est sunshine, and the swreetest, balmiest breezes; but ruffle 
them, and you raise—oh, what a storm! a very hurricane, 
changeable, now so very hot, now so cold—that you had 
better not ruffle them. And this is doubly true of auburn 
curls; though auburn ringlets need but a little right, kind, 
fond treatment to render them all as fair and delightful as the 
brightest spring morning. 
Straight, even, smooth, and glossy hair indicates strength, 
harmony, and evenness of character, and hearty, whole- 
souled affections, as well as a clear head and superior talent; 
while stiff, straight, black hair and beard indicates a coarse, 
strong, rigid, straightforward character. Abundance of hair 
and beard signifies virility and a great amount of character; 
while a thin beard signifies sterility and a thinly settled upper 
story, with rooms to let; so that the beard is very significant 
of character. And we shall soon see a reason why it should 
not be shorn. 
Coarse-haired persons should never turn dentists or clerks, 
but seek some out-door employment; and would be better 
contented with rough, hard work than a light or sedentary 
occupation, although mental and sprightly occupations would 
serve to refine and improve them; while dark and fine-haired 
persons may choose purely intellectual occupations, and be- 
come lecturers or writers with fair prospects of success. Red- 
haired persons should seek cut-door employment, for they 
require a great amount of air and exercise; while those who 
have light, fine hair should choose occupations involving 
taste and mental acumen, yet take bodily exercise enough to 
tone up and invigorate their system. 62 
REDNESS AND PALENESS OF FACE. 
Generally, whenever skin, hair, or features are fine or coarse, 
the others are equally so. Yet some inherit fineness from 
one parent, and coarseness from the other, while the color 
of the eye generally corresponds with that of the skin, and 
expresses character. Light eyes indicate warmth of feeling, 
and dark eyes power. 
The mere expression of the eye conveys precise ideas of the 
existing and predominant states of the mentality and phys- 
iology. As long as the constitution remains unimpaired, the 
eye is clear and bright, but becomes languid and soulless in 
proportion as the brain has been enfeebled. Wild, erratic 
persons have a half-crazed expression of eye, while calmness, 
benignancy, intelligence, purity, sweetness, love, lascivious- 
ness, anger, and all other mental affections, express them- 
selves quite as distinctly by the eye as voice, or any other 
mode. 
Thus far our remarks have appertained to the constant 
colors of the face, yet those colors are often diversifled or 
changed for the time being. 
24.—REDNESS AND PALENESS OF FACE. 
Thus, at one time the whole countenance will he pale, at 
another very red: each of which indicates the existing states 
of body and mind. Or, thus : when the system is in a per- 
fectly healthy state, the whole face will be suffused with a 
glow of health and beauty, and have a red, but never an, 
inflamed aspect; yet any permanent injury of health, which 
prostrates the bodily energies, will change this florid com- 
plexion into dullness of countenance, indicating that but little 
blood comes to the surface or flows to the head, and a cor- 
responding stagnation of the physical and mental powers. 
Yet, after a time, this dullness frequently gives way to a fiery 
redness; not the floridness of health, but the redness of 
inflammation and false excitement, which indicates a cor- 
responding depreciation of the mental faculties. Very red- 
faced persons, so far from being the most healthy, are fre- 
quently the most diseased, and are correspondingly more ani- 
mal and sensual in character: because physiological inflamma- 
tion irritates the propensities more, relatively, than the moral 
and intellectual faculties, though it may, for the time being, 
increase the latter also. When the moral and intellectual Physiognomy. 
63 
faculties greatly predominate over the animal, redness may 
not cause coarse animality, because, while it heightens the 
animal nature, it also increases the intellectual and moral, 
which, being the larger, holds them in check; but when the 
animal about equals or exceeds the moral and intellectual, 
this inflammation evinces a greater increase of animality than 
intellectuality and morality. Gross sensualists and depraved 
sinners generally have a fiery red countenance. Stand aloof 
from them, for their passions are all on fire, ready to ignite 
and explode on provocations so slight that a healthy physi- 
ology would scarcely notice them. This point can hardly be 
more fully intelligible; but let readers note the difference 
between a healthy floridness of face and the fiery redness of 
drunkards, debauchees, etc. Nor does an inflamed physi- 
ology merely increase the animal nature, but gives it a far 
more depraved and sensual cast, thereby doubly increasing 
the depraved tendencies. 
25.-PHYSIOGNOMY A TEUE SCIENCE. 
That nature has instituted a science of Physiognomy as a 
facial expression of mind and character is proclaimed by the 
very instincts of man and animals. Can not the very dog 
tell whether his master is pleased or displeased, and the very 
slave, who will make a good and who a cruel master—and 
all by the expressions of the countenance ? The fact is, that 
nature compels all her productions to proclaim their in- 
terior virtues—their own shame, even—and hoists a true 
flag of character at their mast-head, so that he who runs may 
read. • 
Thus, all apples both tell that they possess apple character 
by their apple shape, but what kind of apple—whether good, 
bad, or indifferent—by their special forms, colors, etc.; all 
fish, not only that they are fish, but whether trout or stur- 
geon, and all humans that they are human by their outline 
aspect. And thus of all things. 
Moreover, though all human beings have the general 
human form and features—though all have eyes, nose, mouth, 
chin, etc., yet each one has a different face and look from every 
other. And more yet, the same person has a very different 
facial look at different times, according as he is angry or 
friendly, etc. And always the same look when in the same PHYSIOGNOMY. 
mood. Of course, then, something causes this expression— 
especially, since all who are angry, friendly, etc., have one 
general or similar expression; that is, one look expresses 
anger, another affection, another devotion, another kindness, 
etc. And since nature always works by means, she must 
needs have her physiognomical tools. Nor are they under 
the control of will, for they act spontaneously. We can not 
help, whether We will or no, laughing when merry, even 
though in church, pouting when provoked, and expressing 
all our mental operations, down even to the very innermost 
recesses of our souls, in and by our countenances. And with 
more minuteness and completeness than by Words, especially 
when the expressions are intense or peculiar. 
Certain it is that the countenance expresses a greater 
amount of thought and feeling, together with their nicer 
shades and phases, than words can possibly communicate. 
By what means, then, is this effected? By magnetic centers, 
called poles. Every physical and mental organ has its polo 
stationed in a given part of the face, so that, when such organ 
acts, it influences such poles, and contracts those facial mus- 
cles which express this action. That there exists an intimate 
relation between the stomach and one part of the face, the 
lungs and another etc., is proved by the fact that consump- 
tive patients always have a hectic flush on the cheek, just 
externally from the lower portion of the nose, while inactive 
lungs cause paleness, and healthy ones give the rosy cheek; 
and that dyspeptic patients are always lank and thin opposite 
the double teeth, while those whose digestion is good are full 
between the corners of the mouth and lower portion of the 
ears. Since, therefore, some of the states of some of the 
internal organs express themselves in the face, of course 
every organ of the body must do the same. The magnetic 
pole of the heart is in the chin. Hence, those whose circula- 
tion is vigorous have broad and rather prominent chins; 
while those who are small and narrow-cliinned have feeble 
hearts; and thus all the other internal organs have their mag- 
netic poles in various parts of the face. Now, since the beard 
covers these facial poles of the internal organs, of course it 
helps to guard heart, viscera, etc., from atmospheric changes. 
Obviously, it was not created for naught, and can not be 
amputated with impunity. It also protects the throat and PHYSIOGNOMY. 
chest, especially of elderly men. And why shave off this 
natural sign of masculinity ? Shaving is, to say the least of 
it, rather barbarous. 
So all the phrenological organs have likewise their facial 
poles, some of which are as follows : That of Acquisitiveness 
is on each side of the middle portion of the nose, at its junc- 
tion with the cheek, causing breadth of nose in proportion 
to the money-grasping instincts, as in Jews, while a narrow 
nose indicates a want of the speculative turn. Firmness is 
indicated by length, prominence, and a compression of the 
ivpper lip. Hence, when we would exhort to determined 
perseverance, we say, “ Keep a stiff upper lip.” Self-Esteem 
has its pole externally from that of Firmness, and between 
the outer portion of the nose and the mouth, causing a full- 
ness, as if a quid was under the upper lip. The affections 
have their jmles in the edges of the lips; hence the philosophy 
of kissing. The pole of Mirthfulness is located outward and 
upward from the outer corners of the mouth ; hence the draw- 
ing up of these corners in laughter. Approbativeness has its 
pole directly outward from these corners, and hence the 
approbative laugh does not turn the corners of the mouth 
upward, but draw's them straight back, or outwardly. That 
physiognomy lias its science—that fixed and absolute rela- 
tions exist between the phrenological organs and given por- 
tions of the face—is an unquestionable truth. By these and 
other means the inherent character of every living being 
and thing gushes out through every organ of the body, every 
avenue of the soul; and both brute and man have a charac- 
ter-reading faculty, to take intuitive cognizance of the mental 
operations. Nor will she let any one lie, any more than lie 
herself, but compels all to carry their characteristics exposed, 
so that all acquainted with these signs may read them 
through. If we attempt deception, the very effort convicts 
us. And if all nature’s signs of character wrere fully under- 
stood, all could read, not only all the main characters of all 
they see, but even most of the thoughts and feelings pass- 
ing in the mind for the time being. And the great rule for 
reading one and all, is, “ Notice all one says and does, ask 
why, what faculty did or said this, or that, and, especially, 
yield yourself up to drink in or be affected by these mani- 
festations.” 66 
PHRENOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. 
PHRENOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AS INDICATING 
CHARACTER. 
26.-DEFINITION AND PROOF: 
Phrenology points out those relations established by nature 
between given developments and conditions of brain and 
corresponding manifestations of mind. Its simple yet com- 
prehensive definition is this : every faculty of the mind is 
manifested by means of a particular portion of the brain, 
called its organ, the size of which, other things being equal, 
is proportionate to its power of function. For example: it 
teaches that parental love is manifested by one organ, or por- 
tion of the brain; appetite by another, reason by a third, 
etc., which are the larger in proportion as these correspond- 
ing mental powers are stronger. 
Are, then, particular portions of the brain larger or smaller 
in proportion as particular mental characteristics are stronger 
or weaker ? Our short-hand mode of proof is illustrated by 
the following anecdote. A Mr. Juror once summoned to 
attend court, died before its sitting. It therefore devolved 
upon Mr. Simple to state to the court the reason of his non- 
appearance. Accordingly, when Mr. Juror’s name was called, 
Mr. Simple responded, “ May it please the court, I have 
twenty-one reasons to offer why Mr. Juror is not in attend- 
ance. The first is, he is dead. The second is—” “ That 
one will answer,” replied the judge. “One such reason is 
amply sufficient.” But few of- the many proofs that Phre- 
nology is true will here be stated, yet those few are decisive. 
Firstly. THE BRAIN IS THE ORGAN OF THE MIND. 
This is assumed, because too universally admitted to require 
proof. Secondly. Is the brain, then, a single organ, or is it a 
bundle of organs? Does the whole brain think, remember, 
love, hate, etc., or does one portion reason, another wor- 
ship, another love money, etc. ? This is the determining 
point. To decide it affirmatively, establishes Phrenology; 
negatively, overthrow's it. It is proved by the following 
facts: 
BRAIN ORGAN OP MIND. 
THE EXERCISE OF DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS SIM- 
ULTANEOUSLY.—We can walk, think, talk, remember, love, 
and many other things, all together—the mind being, in 
this respect, like a stringed instrument, with several strings 
vibrating at one time, instead of like a flute, which stops the 
preceding sound when it commences a succeeding one; 
whereas, if it were a single organ, it must stop thinking the 
instant it began to talk, could not love a friend and express 
that love at the same time, and could do but one thing 
at once. 
MONOMANLU—Since mental derangement is caused only 
by cerebral disorder, if the brain were a single organ, the 
whole mind must be sane or insane together; whereas most 
insane persons are deranged only on one or two points, a con- 
clusive proof of the plurality of the organs of the brain and of 
the mental faculties.. 
DIVERSITY OF TALENT, or the fact that some are re- 
markable for sense, but poor in memory, or the reverse; some 
forgetting names, but remembering faces ; some great mechan- 
ics, but poor speakers, or the reverse; others splendid natural 
singers, but no mechanics, etc., conducts us to the same con- 
clusion. 
INJURIES OF THE BRAIN furnish still more demonstra- 
tive proof. If Phrenology is true, to inflame Tune, for ex- 
ample, would create a singing disposition; Veneration, a 
praying desire; Cautiousness, groundless fears; and so of all 
the other organs. And thus it is. Nor can this class of facts 
be evaded. They abound in all phrenological works, 
especially periodicals, and drive and clench the nail of 
proof. 
COMPARATIVE PHRENOLOGY, or the perfect coincidence 68 
COMPARATIVE PHRENOLOGY. 
existing between the developments and the characters of an- 
imals, constitutes the highest proof of all. Since man and brute 
are fashioned upon one great model—since the same great 
optical laws govern the vision of both, the same principle of 
muscular contraction which enables the eagle to soar aloft be- 
yond our vision, and the whale to furrow and foam the mighty 
deep, also enables man to walk forth in the conscious pride of 
his strength, and thus of all their other common functions— 
of course, if man is created in accordance with certain phren- 
ological laws, brutes must also be, and the reverse. If, then, 
this science is true of either, it must be true of both—must 
pervade all forms of organization. What, then, are the 
facts ? 
Phrenology locates the animal propensities at the sides of 
the head, between and around the ears; the social affections in 
its back and lower portion ; the aspiring faculties in its crown ; 
the moral on its top, and the intellectual on the forehead; the 
perceptives, which relate us to matter, over the eyes; and the 
reflectives, in the upper part of the forehead. 
Now, since brutes possess at least only weak moral and re- 
flective faculties, they should, if Phrenology was true, have 
little top-head, and thus it is. Not one of all the following 
drawings of animals have much brain in either the reflective 
or moral region. Almost all their mentality consists of the 
animal propensities, and nearly all their brain is found between 
and around their ears, just where, according to Phrenology, it 
should be. Yet the skulls of all human beings rise high above 
the eyes and ears, and are long on top, that is, have full itel- 
lectual and moral organs, as we know they possess these men- 
tal elements. Compare the accompanying human skulls with 
those of brutes. Those of snakes, frogs, turtles, alligators, 
etc., slope straight back from the nose: that is, have almost 
no upward development; tigers, dogs, lions, etc., have little 
more, yet how insignificant compared with man, while 
monkeys are between them in these organs and their faculties. 
Here, then, is inductive proof of Phrenology as extensive as 
the whole brute creation on the one hand, contrasted with 
the entire human family on the other. The engravings of the 
human skulls (Figs. 6 and 
7) are perfect copies In 
photograph and show thei: 
relative size and shape 
That of the man rises higl 
from the opening of th( 
ear, a, to Firmness, b, am 
is broad and full at the 
sides, and large at Ama- 
tiveness, c. The woman’s 
skull shows a large devel- 
opment at d, which is the 
region of Inhabitiveness, 
Friendship and Parental 
Love, while at b and c it L 
less than in the man. At e, Benevolence, and/, Veneration, 
the female skull is relatively more developed. The male skull 
is generally thicker and the 
points and angles are sharp- 
er and rougher than those 
of the female. 
DESTRUCTIVENESS LARGE. 
Again, Destructiveness is 
located by Phrenology over 
the ear, so as to render the 
head wide in proportion as 
this organ is developed. 
Accordingly, all c a r n i v o- 
rous animals should be 
wide-headed at the ears; 
all herbivorous narrow. 
And thus they are, as seen in tigers, hyenas, bears, cats, foxes, 
ichneumons, etc., compared with rabbits, sheep, etc. 
COMPARATIVE PHRENOLOGY. 
69 
Fig. 6.—Man’s Skull. 
Fig. 7.—Woman’s Skut.l. 70 
COMPARATIVE PHRENOLOGY. 
To large Destructiveness, cats, foxes, ichneumons, etc. add 
large Secretiveness, both in character and head. 
Fig. 8.—Hyena—side view. 
Fig. 9.—Hyena—back 
VIEW. 
SECRETIVENESS AND DISTRUCTIVENESS BOTH LARGE. 
Fig. 10.—Fox—side view 
Fig. 11.—ICHN EIX M ON— 
SIDE VIEW. 
Fig. 12.—Do.— 
BACK VIEW 
Fig. 13.—Cat 
BACK VIEW 
Fig. 14.—Cat- 
side view. 
Fig. 15.—Tiger—xor view. 
Fowls, in like manner, correspond perfectly in head and 
Fig. 16.—Owl. 
Fig. 17—.Hawk. 
character with the phrenological requisitions. Thus, owls, 
Fig. 18.—Crow MONKEYS AND MEN. 
71 
hawks, eagles, etc., have very wide heads, and ferocious dis- 
positions ; while hens, turkeys, etc., have narrow heads, and 
little Destructiveness in character. 
The crow has very large Secretiveness and Cautiousness in 
the head, as it is known to have in character. 
Monkeys, too, bear additional testimony to the truth 
of phrenological science. They possess in character strong 
perceptive powers, but weak reflectives, powerful propensities 
and feeble moral elements. Accordingly they are full over the 
back at the reasoning and moral faculties, while the propen- 
sities engross most of their brain. 
Fig. 19.—Intelli- 
gent Monkey. 
The orang-outang has more forehead—larger intellectual 
organs, both perceptive and reflective—than any other animal, 
with some of the moral sentiments, and accordingly is called 
the “half-reasoning man,” its phrenology corresponding per- 
fectly with its character. 
Fig. 20.—Orang-Outang 
PERCEPTIVES LARGER THAN REFLECTIVES. 
The various races also accord with phrenological science. 
Thus, Africans generally have full perceptives, and large Tune 
and Language, but retiring Causality, and accordingly are 
deficient in reasoning capacity, yet have excellent memories 
and lingual and musical powers. 
Indians possess extraordinary strength of the propensities 
and perceptives, yet have no great moral or inventive power; 
and, hence, have very wide, round, conical and rather low 
heads, but are large over the eyes. 
Indian skulls can always be selected from Caucasian, just 
by these developments ; while the Caucasian race is superior in 
reasoning power and moral elevation to all the other races, 
and, accordingly, has a higher and bolder forehead, and more 
elevated and elongated top head. 72 
Finally, contrast the massive foreheads of all giant-minded 
men—Bacons, Franklins, Miltons, etc., with the low, retiring 
foreheads of idiots. In short, every human, every brutal 
head, is constructed throughout strictly on phrenological 
principles. Eansack air, earth, and water, and not one pal- 
pable exception ever has been, ever can be, adduced. This 
wholesale view of this science precludes the possibility 
of mistake. Phrenology is therefore a part and parcel of 
nature—a universal fact. 
PHRENOLOGICAL SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 
All truth bears upon its front unmistakable evidence of 
its divine origin, in its philosophical consistency, fitness, and 
beauty, whereas all untruth is grossly and palpably deformed. 
All truth, also, harmonizes with all other truth, and con- 
flicts with all error, so that, to ascertain what is true, and 
detect what is false, is perfectly easy. Apply this test, 
intellectual reader, to one after another of the doctrines 
taught by Phrenology. But enough on this point of proofs. 
Let us proceed to its illustration. 
TPE PHILOSOPHY OF PHRENOLOGY. 
The brain is not only the organ of the mind, “ the dome 
of thought, the palace of the soul,” but is equally the organ 
of the body, over which it exerts an all-potent influence for 
good or ill. to weaken or stimulate, to kill or make alive. 
In short, the brain is the organ of the body in general, and 
of all its organs in particular. It sends forth those nerves 
which keep muscles, liver, bowels, and all the other bodily 
organs, in a high or low state of action; and, more than 
all other causes, invites or repels disease, prolongs or shortens 
life, and treats the body as its servant. Hence, healthy cere- 
bral action is indispensable to bodily health, while a longing, 
pining, dissatisfied, fretful, or troubled state of mind is most 
destructive of health, and productive of disease ; so is violence 
in any and all the passions; indeed, the state of the mind 
has mainly to do with that of the health ? Even dyspepsia 
is more a mental than a physical condition, and to be cured 
first and mainly by banishing that agitated, flashy, eager, 
craving state of mind, and securing instead a calm, quiet, 
let-the-world-slide state] nor will any physical appliances 
avail much without this mental restorative. Hence, too, we 
2 7.-PTTPF.NOLOGICAL SIGNS OF CHAEACTEE. PHRENOLOGICAL SIGNS OF CHARACTER. 
73 
walk or work so much more easily and efficiently when we 
take an interest in what we do. Therefore, those who would 
be happy or talented must first and mainly keep their brain 
vigorous and healthy. 
The brain is subdivided into two hemispheres, the right 
and left, by the falciform process of the dura mater—a mem- 
brane which dips down one to two inches between the hem- 
ispheres of the brain, and runs from the root of the nose 
over to the nape of the neck. This arrangement renders all 
the phrenological organs double. Thus, as there are two 
eyes, ears, etc., so that when one is diseased, the other can 
carry forward the functions, so there are two lobes to each 
phrenological organ, one on each side. The brain is divided 
thus: the feelings occupy that portion commonly covered 
by the hair, while the forehead is occupied by the intellectual 
organs. These greater divisions are subdivided into the 
animal brain, located between and around the ears; the 
aspiring faculties, which occupy the crown of the head; 
the moral and religious sentiments, which occupy its top; 
the physico-perceptives, located over the eyes; and the 
reflectives, in the upper portion of the forehead. The pre- 
dominance of these respective groups produces both partic- 
ular shapes of head and corresponding traits of character. 
Thus, the head projecting far back behind the ears, and 
hanging over and downward in the occipital region, indi- 
cates very strong domestic ties and social affections, a love 
of home, its relations and endearments, and a corresponding 
capacity of being happy in the family, and making family 
happy. Very wide and round heads, on the contrary, indi- 
cate strong animal and selfish propensities, while* thin, 
narrow heads indicate corresponding want of selfishness 
and animality. A head projecting far up at the crown in- 
dicates an aspiring, self-elevating disposition, proudness of 
character, and a desire to do and to be something great; 
while the flattened crown indicates a want of ambition, energy, 
and aspiration. A head high, long, and wide upon the top, but 
narrow between the ears, indicates Casualty, moral virtue, 
much practical goodness, and a corresponding elevation of 
character; while a low and narrow top-head indicates a cor- 
responding deficiency of these humane and religious sus- 
ceptibilities. A head wide at the upper part of the temples 74 
NATURAL LANGUAGE OF FACULTIES. 
indicates a corresponding desire for personal perfection, to- 
gether with a love of the beautiful and refined, w'hile narrow- 
ness in this region evinces a w'ant of taste, with much coarse- 
ness of feeling, Fullness over the eyes and distance from 
the opening of the ears indicate excellent practical judgment 
of matters and things appertaining to property, science, and 
nature in general; while narrow, depressed eyebrow's indi- 
cate poor practical judgment of matter, things, their qualities, 
relations, and ases. Fullness from the root of the nose up- 
ward indicates great practical talent, love of knovdedge, 
desire to see, ability to do the right thing at the right time, 
and in the best way, together with sprightliness of mind; 
w'hile a hollow in the middle of the forehead indicates want 
of memory, and inability to show off to advantage. A bold, 
high forehead indicates strong reasoning capabilities, w'hile 
a retiring forehead indicates less soundness, but availability 
of talent. 
28-THE NATUBAL LANGUAGE OF THE FACULTIES. 
Phrenology teaches that every faculty, when active, throws 
head and body in the direction of the acting organ. Thus, 
intellect, in the fore part of the head, throws it directly for- 
ward, and produces a forward hanging motion of the head. 
Hence, intellectual men never carry their heads backwards 
and upward, but always forward; and logical speakers move 
their heads in a straight line, usually forward, toward their 
audience; Avhile vain speakers carry their heads backward. 
Hence it is not a good sign to stand so straight as to lean 
backward, for it shows that the brain is in the wrong place 
—more, in the animal than in the intellectual region. Per- 
ceptive intellect, when active, throws out the chin and lower 
portions of the face; while reflective intellect causes the 
upper portion of the forehead to hang forward, and draws in 
the chin, as in the engravings of Franklin, Webster, and 
other great thinkers. Benevolence throws the head and body 
slightly forward, leaning toward the object which excites its 
sympathy; while veneration causes a low bow, which, the 
world over, is a token of respect; yet, when Veneration is 
exercised toward the Deity, as in devout prayer, it throw's 
the head upward; and, as we use intellect at the same time, 
the head is generally directed forward. NATURAL LANGUAGE. 
75 
He who meets you with a long, low bow, thinks more of 
you than of himself; but he who greets you with a short, 
quick bow—who makes half a bow forward, but a bow and 
a half backward,—thinks one of you, and one and a half of 
himself. Ideality throws the head slightly forward and to 
one side. Very firm men stand straight up and down, inclining 
not a hair’s breadth forward or backward, or to the right 
or left; hence the expression, “ He is an up-and-down man.” 
And this organ is located exactly on a line with the body. 
Self-Esteem located in the back and upper portion of the head, 
throws the head and body upward and backward. Large 
feeling, pompous persons walk in a very dignified, majestic 
manner, and throw their heads in the direction of Self-Es- 
teem ; while approbative persons throw their heads back- 
ward, but to one side. The difference between the natural 
language of these two organs being slight, only the practical 
phrenologist can perfectly distinguish them. 
Secretiveness gives a side motion to the head* as if\ 
peering around a corner, and a half shut canning leer of the 
eyes. 
A coxcomb once asked a philosopher, “ What makes you 
hang your head down so ? Why don’t you hold it up, and look 
as I do ?” and was answered : “ Look at that field of wheat! 
The heads that are all well filled bend downward, but those 
that stand up straight are empty.” 
There is, moreover, a natural language of money-loving, 
a leaning forward and turning, which carries the head to one 
side, as if in ardent pursuit of something, and ready to grasp it 
writh outstretched arms; while Alimentiveness, situated lower, 
hugs itself down to the dainty dish with the greediness of an 
epicure, better seen than described. The shake of the head is 
the natural language of Combativeness, and means no, or, 
T resist you. Those who are combating earnestly shake the 
head more or less violently, according to the power of the 
combative but always shake it slightly inclining back- 
ward ; while Destructiveness, inclining forward, causes a 
shaking of the head slightly forward, and turning from side 
to side. When a person who threatens you shakes his head 
violently, and holds it partially backward, and to one side, 
never fear—he is only barking ; but whoever inclines his head 
to one side, and shakes it violently, will bite, whether possessed 76 
of two legs or four. The social affections are located in the 
back part of the head; and, accordingly, woman being more 
loving than man, when not under the influence of the other 
faculties, usually inclines her head backward, and when she 
kisses children, and those she loves, always turns the head 
directly backward, and rolls it from side to side, on the 
back of the neck. Thus i.t is that each of the various postures 
assumed by individuals expresses the present or permanent 
activity of their respective faculties. 
ANALYSIS OF THE FACULTIES. 
SECTION III. 
THE PHRENOLOGICAL FACULTIES, THEIR ANALYSIS 
AND CLASSIFICATION. 
But the highest evidence, most conclusive to a thinking 
mind, that Phrenology is true, is this : Whatever is true bears 
indisputable evidence of its divine origin, m its infinite per- 
fection ; while that which is human is imperfect. If, there- 
fore, Phrenology is true, every part and parcel of it will be 
perfection itself—in its facts, its philosophies, its teachings. 
And that proposed analysis of the phrenological faculties 
to which we now proceed will so expound its internal work- 
ings as to show whether it is or is not thus perfect or imperfect 
—true or false. 
Its perfection is seen especially in these three aspects: 
First, the grouping and location of its organs. Through- 
out all nature, the place of every organ serves to facilitate its 
function. Thus foot, eye, heart, each bone and organ, can 
fulfill its office better, placed where it is, than if placed any- 
where else. And if Phrenology is true, each of the phrenolog- 
ical organs will be so located, both absolutely and as regards 
the others, that their position shall aid the end they subserve. 
And their being thus placed furnishes additional proof that 
Phrenology is divine. 
Though the phrenological organs were discovered, some in 
one century and continent, and others in another, yet on 
casting the analytical eye over them all, we find them self- ANALYSIS OP TIIE FACULTIES. 
77 
classified by their geographical position in the head. When 
on first taking a general survey of the phrenological organs, 
thinking to improve the classification somewhat, I adopted 
this rule, beginning at the lowest posterior organs in the head, 
and classifying them in accordance with the geographical po- 
sition upward and forward in the head; and have seen since 
no chance to improve on this general principle. 
And what is more, all those organs are in grouns whose fac- 
ulties perform analogous functions. Thus all the social 
affections are grouped in one portion of the head—the back 
and power: and their position is beneath and below all, just 
as their function is basilar, yet comparatively unseen. 
Neither do these organs obtrude themselves on our vision; 
nor do we stand on the corners of the streets to proclaim how 
much we love husband, wife, children, or friends. So the 
animal organs are placed at the top of the spinal column and 
base of the brain, or just where the nerves from the various 
portions of the body ramify on the brain. Now the office of 
these organs is to carry forward the various bodily wants. 
This, nature fulfills, by placing them right at the head of 
those nerves which enable them to communicate with the 
body in the most perfect manner possible. So the organs in 
the top of the head, being the highest of all, fulfill the most 
exalted functions of all. By a law of structure, as we rise 
from the sole of the foot to the crow’n of the head, at every 
inch of our ascending progress we meet with functions more 
and more important as their organs are located still higher up. 
Feet, located lowrest of all, perform the menial services of all; 
wrhile the organs in the low-er part of the body proper, higher 
in position, are also higher in function; for whereas we can 
live without feet, convenient though they be, yet we cannot 
live long without the visceral organs. Yet longer and better 
without these than heart or lungs, which located of all in the 
body proper, fulfill its most important functions their suspen- 
sion causing simultaneous death. But even these perform 
functions less elevated than head, which, located highest of 
all, fulfills the crowning function of all—mind: that for which 
the entire body, as well as universal nature, was created. 
And we might therefore infer that the various parts of the 
brain would fulfill functions more important, according to 
their position upward from the base to the top, And so it is. 78 
ANALYSIS OF THE FACULTIES. 
For while the animal and social organs are to man what 
foundations are to house—absolutely indispensable, yet that 
there is a higher quality or grade to man’s moral faculties 
than animal—to those which ally him to angels and to God, 
than to matter, to immortality than mortality—is but the com- 
mon sentiment of mankind. Is not the good man higher in the 
human scale than those of powerful animal functions ? Are 
not those who are great intellectually greater than those who 
are great animally ? The talented above the rich ? or reason 
above acquisitiveness? Does not the philosophy involved 
in this position of the respective organs both absolutely, and as 
regards each other, evince a divine hand in its construction ? 
Secondly. Equally philosophical and perfect is the analysis 
of the phrenological faculties, considered both in reference 
to man’s necessary life-requisitions, and as regards universal 
nature. Man, having a material department to his nature, 
must needs be linked to matter, and possessed of all its proper- 
ties. He is so. Then might we not expect some department 
of his nature to inter-relate him tc each property of matter ? 
These phrenological faculties furnish that relation. And it 
so is that each phrenological faculty is adapted and adapts man 
to some great element in matter and arrangement in nature, 
as also to some special want or requisition of his being. Thus 
apnetite relates him to his need of food, and to that depart- 
ment of nature which supples this food, or to her dietetic pro- 
productions. Causality adapts him to nature’s arrangements 
of cause and effect; Comparison, to her classifications; Form, 
to her configurations; Ideality, to the beautiful; and in like 
manner each of the other faculties adapt him to some insti- 
tute of nature. And to point out this adaptation furnishes 
the finest explanation of thefaculties to be found, as well as 
the strongest proof that the hand that formed them is 
divine.” That is, Parental Love is adapted, and adapts man 
to, the infantile and parental relations. Nature must needs 
provide for the rearing of every individual child; and this 
she effects by creating in all parents—vegetable, animal, hu- 
man—the parental sentiment, or love of their own young, 
particularly as infants, thus specifying what adult shall care 
for each particular child, thus absolutely providing for the 
rearing of all. Hence, whatever concerns the relations of 
parents to their children comes under this faculty; and its A FACULTY FOR EVERY QUALITY OF MATTER. 
correct analysis unfolds whatever concerns parents and their 
children. So Constructiveness adapts man to his need of 
clothes, houses, and materials for creature comforts, and is 
adapted to nature’s mechanical institutes. And each of the 
other phrenological organs has a like adaptaton to some great 
fact or provision in the economy of things. 
And what is yet more, each phrenological faculty is found 
to run throughout all animal, all vegetable life, and to be an 
inherent property of things—of nature, of matter. Thus, the 
phrenological faculty of Firmness expresses a principle which 
runs throughout every phase of nature, as seen in the stability 
of all her operations— the perpetual return of her seasons, the 
immutability of her laws, the stability of her mountains, the 
uniformity and reliablity or firmness of all her operations. 
Time, too, expresses a natural institute. For it not only 
appertains to man and all his habits—the natural period of his 
life included—but all plants are timed, observe each its own 
times and seasons. Each seed, fruit, animal, everything has 
its time. Some things begin and end their lives, as it were, 
in a day—others a year; while the cedars of Lebanon or Cal- 
ifornia live through many centuries. But even they have 
their germination, adolescence, maturity, decline, death, and 
decay. Given fruits ripen each at its given season ; and even 
flowers and vegetables, transplanted from a southern to a 
northern latitude, keep up their periodical function in spite 
of opposite seasons. Has not every rock, even, its age? that is 
a time element—appertaining to the earth, and every one of 
its productions and their functions, as well as to every star, 
—is a universal institute of nature. So is Order. For are 
not eye, foot, heart, spine, always in their respective places ? 
And so of bark, root, limb, fruit, every organ of every animal 
and vegetable—that is, method is quite as much an element of 
universal nature as of man. And is not conscientiousness 
in nature’s arragement that, all her laws obeyed,' reward- 
violated, punish? A tree injured inflicts punishment by with- 
holding its fruit. And every wrong done to man, animal, or 
thing becomes its own avenger, while every right embodies its 
own reward, showing that the entity we call conscientiousness 
is a universal institute, not of man alone, but of every phase 
of life and function of nature. 
For every quality of matter we have a faculty adapted to A FACULTY FOR EVERY QUALITY OF MATTER. 
appreciate and adapt us to it. Take the intellectual organs: 
Individuality recognizes tlie separativeness of things or ex- 
istence. Form their shape, Size their magnitude, Weight 
their density or ponderosity, Color their hue, Order their 
arrangement, Number their plurality, Locality their place, 
Time their periodicity, Eventuality their history, Comparison 
their classification, Language their name, and Causalty their 
philosophical relations. 
Thirdly. Phrenology teaches the true philosophy of life. 
It unfolds the original constitution of man. And in pointing 
out the original constitution of humanity, Phrenology shows 
who departs therefrom, and wherein. That is, by giving a 
beau ideal of human perfection, it teaches individuals and 
communities, wherein and how far they conform to, and 
depart from, this perfect human type, and thereby becomes 
the great reformer. And as far as individuals and com- 
munities live in accordance with its requisitions, they live 
perfect lives : that is, each of its faculties has a normal ac- 
tion. That normal action fulfilled is perfection. Has also 
an abnormal, which is imperfection. And in teaching us 
both their normal and abnormal, it thereby teaches us just 
how to live, even in details; and thereby settles questions 
in morals, in ethics, in deal between man and man, in every 
phase and aspect of life, down to its minutest details and 
requisitions, thereby becoming the great lawr-giver of hu- 
manity. I 
But to follow out these grand first principles would unduly 
enlarge our volume. Having stated them, the reader, curi- 
ous to follow them up, will find in the American Phrenolog- 
ical Journal, and in works on Phrenology, these and kindred 
ideas amplified. Meanwhile, to proceed with the phreno- 
logical organs, their groups, and individual functions. 81 
ANALYSIS AND COMBINATIONS OF THE FACULTIES. 
SECTION IV. 
ANALYSIS AND COMBINATIONS OF THE FACULTIES 
I.—THE SOCIAL GROUP, OR FAMILY AFFECTIONS, 
consisting of Amativeness, Conjugality, Parental Love, 
Friendship, Inhabitiveness, Continuity. These occupy the 
back and lower portion of the head, causing it to project be- 
hind the ears, and create most of the family affections and 
virtues. 
1.-AMATIVENESS 
Fig. 21.—Large. 
Fig. 22.—Small. 
Sexuality : the Love element; attached to the opposite 
sex; desire to love, be loved, and marry. 
Everything in nature is sexed—is male or female. And 
this sexual institute embodies those means employed by the 
Author of all life for its inception—for the perpetuity and 
multiplication of the race, of all forms of life. It creates in 
each sex admiration and love of the other: renders woman 
winning, persuasive, urbane, affectionate, loving, and lovely ; 
and develops all the feminine charms and graces; and makes 82 
AMAl'IVENESS. 
man noble in feeling and bearing; elevated in aspiration; 
gallant, tender, and bland in manner; affectionate toward 
woman ; pure in feeling ; highly susceptible to female charms ; 
and clothes him with that dignity, power, and persuasiveness 
wdiich accompanies the masculine. Perverted, it occasions 
grossness and vulgarity in expression and action ; licentious- 
ness in all its forms; a feverish state of mind; depraves all 
the other propensities; treat the other sex merely as a 
minister to passion—now carressing, and now abusing 
them; and renders the love-feeling every way gross and 
animal. 
VERY LARGE.—Are admirably sexed, or well-nigh perfect 
as a male or female; literally idolize, almost worship, the 
opposite sex ; treat them with the utmost consideration ; cher- 
ish for them the most exalted feelings of regard and esteem, 
as if they were superior beings; have the instincts—the true 
spirit and tone—of the male or female in a pre-eminent de- 
gree ; must love and be beloved, and with inexpressible ten- 
derness ; are sure to elicit and return love; are winning, 
attractive to, and attracted by, the other sex; and that by 
instinct, in behavior, in conversation, in all they say and do; 
with organic quality 6, and the other social organs large 
have the conjugal intuition in a pre-eminent degree; assimi- 
late and conform to those Lved, and become perfectly uni- 
ted; and with Conjugality large, manifest the most clinging 
fondness and utmost devotion, and are made or unmade 
for life by the state of the affections. For other combinations, 
see Large. 
LARGE.—Are well sexed, or much of a man or woman; 
that is, have the form, carriage, spirit, manners, and mind 
of the true man or woman in a high degree; are eminently 
both loving and lovely ; are full of love, and with Conjugality 
large, of the real conjugal sentiment and intuition ; strongly 
attract, and are strongly attracted by, the opposite sex; ad- 
mire and love their beauty and excellences; easily win their 
affectionate regards, or kindle their love; have many warm 
friends, if not admirers, among them; love young and in- 
tensely, and are powerfully influenced by the love elements 
for good or evil, according as it is well or ill-placed ; with 
Adhesiveness and Conjugality large, will mingle pure friend- ship with devoted love; can not flourish alone, hut must 
have a matrimonial mate, with whom to become perfectly 
identified, and whom to invest with almost superhuman per- 
fections, by magnifying their charms and overlooking their 
defects; in the sunshine of whose love be perfectly happy, 
but proportionally miserable without it ; with large Ideality 
and the mental temperament added, will experience a fervor 
and intensity of love, amounting almost to ecstasy or romance ; 
can marry those only who combine refinement of manners 
with correspondingly strong attachments; with Parental 
Love and Benevolence also large, are eminently qualified to 
enjoy the domestic relations, and be happy in home, as well 
as render home happy; with Inhabitiveness also large, will 
set a high value on house and place; long to return home 
when absent, and consider family and children as the greatest 
of life’s treasures; with large Conscientiousness added, will 
keep the marriage relations inviolate, and regard unfaith- 
fulness as the greatest of sins; with Combativeness large, 
will defend the object of love with great spirit, and resent 
powerfully any indignity offered them ; with Alimentiveness 
large, will enjoy eating with the family ; with Approbative- 
ness large, cannot endure to be blamed by those beloved ; 
with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express love 
guardedly, and much less than is experienced ; but with Se- 
cretiveness small, will show in every look and action the 
full, unveiled feeling of the soul; with Firmness, Self-Es- 
teem, and Conjugality large, will sustain interrupted love 
with fortitude, yet suffer much damage of mind and health 
therefrom; but with Self-Esteem moderate, will feel crushed 
and broken down by disappointment; with the moral facul- 
ties predominant can love those only whose moral tone is 
pure and elevated ; with predominant Ideality, and only aver- 
age intellectual faculties, will prefer those who are showy 
and gay to those who are sensible, yet less beautiful; but 
with Ideality less than the intellectual and moral organs, 
will prefer those who are substantial and valuable rather than 
showy ; with Mirthfulness, Time, and Tune, will love danc- 
ing, lively company, etc. 
FULL.—Possess quite strong susceptibilities of love for a 
congenial spirit; are capable of purity, intensity, and cordial- 
ity of love; with Adhesiveness and Benevolence large, will 
AMATIVENESS. 
83 84 
be kind and affectionate in the family; with Secretiveness 
large, will manifest less love than is felt, and show little 
in promiscuous society: with a highly susceptible tempera- 
ment will experience great intensity of love, and evince a 
good degree of masculine or feminine excellence, etc. 
AMATIVENESS. 
AVERAGE.—Are capable of fair sexual attachments, and 
calculated to feel and exhibit a good degree of love, provided 
it is properly placed and fully called out; experience a 
great or less degree of love in proportion to its activity; as a 
man, are quite attached to mothers and sisters, and fond of 
female society, and endowed with a fair share of the mascu- 
line element, yet not remarkable for its perfection; as a 
woman, quite winning and attractive, yet not particularly 
susceptible to love; as a daughter, fond of father and broth- 
ers, and desirous of the society of men, yet not extremely ro; 
and capable of a fair share of conjugal devotedness under 
favorable circumstances; combined with an ardent tempera- 
ment, and large Adhesiveness and Ideality, have a pure and 
platonic cast of love, yet cannot assimilate with a coarse 
temperament, are refined and faithful, yet have more friend- 
ship than passion ; can love those only who are just to their 
liking ; with Cautiousness and Secretiveness large, will express 
less love than is felt, and that equivocally, and by piecemeal, 
nor then till the loved one is fully committed; with Cautious- 
ness, Approbativeness, and Veneration large, and Self- 
Esteem small, are kind and affectionate in the family, 
the company of a select few of the opposite sex; with Adhe- 
siveness, Eenevolence, and Conscientiousness large, and 
Silf-Esteem small, are kind and affectionate in the family, 
yet not particularly fond of caressing or being caressed ; and do 
much to make family happy, yet will manifest no great fond- 
ness and tenderness; with Order, Apiirobativeness, and Ideal- 
ity large, seek in a companion personal neatness and polish 
of manners; with full intellectual and moral faculties, base 
their conjugal attachments in the higher qualities of the 
affections, rather than their personal attractiveness or strength 
of passion ; but with a common-place temperament, and not 
so full moral and intellectual faculties, are indifferent toward 
the opposite sex, and rather cool toward them in manners and 
conversation ; neither attract nor are attracted much, and are AMATIVENESS. 
85 
rather tame in love and marriage, and can live tolerably com- 
fortable without loving or being beloved, etc. 
MODERATE.—Will be rather deficient, though not palpably 
so, in the love element, and averse to the other sox; and love 
their mental excellences more than personal charms; show 
little desire to caress or be caressed; and find it difficult to 
sympathize with a conjugal partner, unless the natural har- 
mony between both is well-nigh perfect; care less for marriage, 
and can live unmarried without inconvenience; with Con- 
jugality large, can love but once, and should marry only the 
first love, because the love-principle will not be sufficiently 
strong to overcome the difficulties incident to its transfer, or 
the want of congeniality, and find more pleasure in other 
things than in the matrimonial relations; with an excitable 
temperament, will experience greater warmth and ardor than 
depth and uniformity of love; with Ideality large and organic 
quality 6, are fastidious and over-modest, and terribly shocked 
by allusions to love; pronounce love a silly farce, only fit 
for crack-brained poets; with Approbativeness large, will 
3oon become alienated by rebukes and fault-finding; with 
Adhesiveness and the moral and intellectual faculties large, 
can become strongly attached to those who are highly moral 
and intellectual, yet experience no affinity for any other, and 
to be happy in marriage, must base it in the higher faculties. 
SMALL.—Dislike the opposite sex, and distrust and refuse 
to assimilate with them ; feel little sexual love, or desire to 
marry; are cold, coy, distant, and reserved toward the other 
sex; experience but little of the beautifying and elevating 
influence of love, and should not marry, because incapable 
of appreciating its relations, and making a companion happy. 
VERY SMALL.—Are passively continent, and almost des- 
titute of love. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Mingle much in the society of the other 
sex; observe and appreciate their excellences, and overlook 
their faults; be as gallant, as gentlemanly or lady-like, as 
inviting, as prepossessing, as lively and entertaining in their 
society as you know how to be, and always on the alert to 
please them; say as many complimentary and pretty things, 
and as few disagreeable things, as possible; that is, feel and CONJUGALITY. 
play the agreeable; if not married, contemplate its advan- 
tages and pleasures, and be preparing to enjoy them; if mar- 
ried, get up a second and an improved edition of courtship; 
re-enamor both yourself and conjugal partner, by becoming 
just as courteous, loving, and lovely as possible; luxuriate in 
the company and conversation of those Avell sexed, and seek 
to drink in their inspiriting influence; be less fastidious, and 
more free and communicative; establish a warm, cordial inti- 
macy and friendship for them, and feast yourself on their mas- 
culine or feminine excellences; if not married, marry, and 
cultivate the feelings, as well as live the life of a right and a 
hearty sexuality. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Simply direct this love element more to 
the mental, and less to the personal qualities of the other sex; 
admire and love them more for their minds than bodies, more 
for their moral purity and conversational powers than in- 
struments of passion ; seek the society of the virtuous and 
good, but avoid that of the vulgar; should mingle in their 
society but to derive moral elevation and inspiration there- 
from, not to feed the fires of passion; to be made better and 
yield to their molding influences for good; should be content 
to commune with their spirits; should sanctify and elevate 
the cast and tone of love, and modify its baser forms; espe- 
cially should lead a right physiological life—avoid sugar, cake, 
spices, tea, coffee, tobacco, and all forms and degrees of alco- 
holic drinks, wines and beer; exercise much in the open air; 
woik-off your vital force on other functions as a relief o,f 
this; bathe daily; eat sparingly; study and commune with 
nature; cultivate the pure, the intellectual, the moral, as the 
best means of rising above the passional, and put yourself on 
a high human plane throughout. Remember these two things 
—first, that you require its elevation, and right 
direction rather than restraint, because it is more perverted 
than excessive—and secondly, that the inflamed state of the 
body irritates and perverts this passion, of which a cooling 
regimen is a specific antidote. 
A.-CONJUGALITY 
MONOGAMY: UNION FOR LIFE; the pairing instinct; 
attachment to one conjugal partner; duality and exclusive ness of love. Perverted action—a broken heart; jealousy; 
envy towards love rivals. Located between Amativen?ss 
and Adhesiveness and adapted to parents living with and 
educating all their own children in the same family. Some 
birds, such as doves, eagles, geese, robins, etc., pair and 
remain true to their connubial attachment; while hens, 
turkeys, sheep, horses, and neat cattle associate promiscu- 
ously, which shows this to be a faculty distinct from Ama- 
tiveness and Adhesiveness, since some animals have it and 
some do not. 
CONJUGALITY. 
87 
Fig. 23.—Large. 
Fjg. 24.—Small. 
VERY LARGE.—Select some one of the opposite sex as the 
sole object of love; concentrate the whole soul on the single 
one beloved; magnifying excellences and overlooking faults; 
long to be always with that one; are exclusive, and require 
a like exclusiveness; are true and faithful in wedlock, if 
married in spirit; possess the element of conjugal union, of 
flowing together of soul, in the highest degree, and with con- 
tinuity 6, become broken-hearted when disappointed, and com- 
paratively worthless in this world ; seek death rather than life ; 
and should manifest the utmost care to bestow itself 
only where it can be reciprocated for life. 
LARGE.—Seek one, and but one, sexual mate; experience 88 
CONJUGALITY. 
the keenest disappointment when love is interrupted; are 
restless until the affections are anchored; are perfectly satis- 
fied with the society of that one; and should exert every 
faculty to win the heart and hand of the one beloved, nor 
allow anything to alienate the affections. 
\FULL.—Can love cordially, yet are capable of changing 
their object, especially if Continuity is moderate; will love 
for life, provided circumstances are favorable, yet will not 
bear everything from a lover or companion, and if- one love 
is interrupted can readily form another. 
AVERAGE.—Are disposed to love but one for life, yet capa- 
ble of changing their object, and, with Secretiveness and Appro- 
bativeness large, and Conscientiousness only full, are capa- 
ble of coquetry, especially if Amativeness is large, and Adhe- 
siveness only full, and the temperament more powerful than 
fine-grained; such should cultivate this faculty, and not 
allow their other faculties to break their first love. 
MODERATE.—Are somewhat disposed to love only one, 
yet allow other stronger faculties to interrupt that love, and, 
with Amativeness large, can form one attachment after 
another with comparative ease, yet are not true as a lover, nor 
faithful to the connubial union. 
SMALL.—Have but little conjugal love, and seek the prom- 
iscuous society and affection of the opposite sex, rather than 
a single partner for life. Would incline to regard an engage- 
ment as a kind of bondage, and tvould prefer to have no pos- 
itive engagement until the near approach to the marriage. 
VERY SMALL.—Manifest none of this faculty, and expe- 
rience little. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Do not allow new faces to awaken new 
loves, but cling to the first one, and cherish its associations 
and reminiscences; do not allow the affections to wander, 
but be much in the company of the one already beloved, and 
both open your heart to love the charms, and keep up those 
thousand little attentions calculated to revive and perpetu- 
ate conjugal love. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Try to appreciate the excellences of others 
than the first love, remembering that “ there are as good fish 
in the sea as ever were caught; ” if a first love dies or is PARENTAL LOVE. 
blighted, by no means allow yourself to pore over the bereave- 
ment, but transfer affection just as soon as a suitable object 
can be found, and be industrious in finding one, by making 
yourself just as acceptable and charming as possible. Above 
all, do not allow a pining, sad feeling to crush you. 
2.—PARENTAL LOVE. 
(Philoprogenitiveness.) 
Attachment to one's own offspring; love of children, pets 
and animals generally, especially those young or small; adapted 
to that infantile condition in which man enters the world, 
Fig. 25.—Large. 
Fig. 26.—Small. 
and to children’s need of parental care and education. This 
faculty renders children the richest treasure of their parents, 
casts into the shade all the toils and expense they cause, and 
lacerates them with bitter pangs when death or distance tears 
them asunder. It is generally much larger in woman than in 
man ; and nature requires mothers to take the principal care of 
infants. Perverted, it spoils children by excessive indul- 
gence, pampering, and humoring. 
VERY LARGE.—Experience the parental feeling with the 
greatest possible intensity and power; almost idolize their own 90 
PARENTAL LOVE. 
children, grieve immeasurably over their loss, and, with large 
Continuity, refuse to be comforted ; with very large Benevo- 
lence, and only moderate Destructiveness, can not bear to see 
them punished, and with only moderate Causalty, are liable to 
spoil them by over-indulgence; with, large Approbativeness 
added, indulge parental vanity and conceit; with large Cau- 
tiousness and disordered nerves, are always cautioning them, 
and feel a world of groundless apprehension about them ; with 
Acquisitiveness moderate, make them many presents, and lav- 
ish money upon them; but with a large Acquisitiveness lay 
up fortunes for them; with large moral and intellectual or- 
gans, are indulgent, yet love them too well to spoil them, and 
do their utmost to cultivate their higher faculties, etc. 
LABGE.—Love their own children devotedly; value them 
above all price, cheerfully endure toil and watching for their 
sake ; forbear with their faults ; win their love ; delight to play 
with them, and cheerfully sacrifice to promote their interests; 
with Continuity large, mourn long and incessantly over their 
loss; with Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem 
large, are kind, yet insist on being obeyed; with Self-Esteem 
and Destructiveness moderate, are familiar with and liable to 
be ruled by them; with Firmness only average, fail to man- 
age them with a steady hand; with Cautiousness large, suffer 
extreme anxiety if they are sick or in danger; with large moral 
and intellectual organs, and less Combativeness and Destruc- 
tiveness, govern them more by moral suasion than physical 
force—by reason than fear; are neither too strict nor over- 
indulgent ; with Approbativeness large, value their moral char- 
acter as of the utmost importance; with Veneration and Con- 
scientiousness large, are particularly interested in their moral 
improvement; with large excitability, Combativeness, and De- 
structiveness, and only average Firmness, will be by turns too 
indulgent and over-provoked—will pet them one minute, 
but punish them the next; with larger Approbativeness and 
than intellect, will educate them more for show than 
usefulness—more fashionably than substantially—and dress 
them off in the extreme of fashion; writh a large and active 
brain, strong moral and intellectual faculties, and Firmness, 
and only full Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem 
are well calculated to teach and manage the young. It renders 
farmers fond of stock, dogs, etc., and woman fond of birds, PARENTAL LOVE. 
91 
lap-dogs, etc.; girls fond of dolls, and boys of being among 
horses and cattle; and creates a general interest in young and 
small animals. 
\ FULL.—Love their own children well, yet not passionately 
—do much for them, yet not more than necessary—and with 
large Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem, are 
too severe, and make too little allowance for their faults ; but 
with Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Conscientiousness large 
do and sacrifice much to supply their wants and render them 
happy. Its character, however, will be mainly determined 
by its combinations. 
AVERAGE.—Love their own children tolerably well, yet 
care but little for those of others ; with large Adhesiveness and 
Benevolence, like them better as they grow older, yet do and 
care little for infants—are not duly tender to them, or forbear- 
ing toward their faults, and should cultivate parental fondness, 
especially if Combativeness, Destructiveness, and Self-Esteem 
are large. 
MODERATE.—Are not fond enough of children; can not 
bear much from them ; fail to please or take good care of them ; 
particularly of infants ; can not endure to hear them cry, or 
make a noise, or disturb things; and with an excitable tem- 
perament and large Combativeness, are liable to punish them 
for trifling offenses, find much fault with them, and be some- 
times cruel; yet, with Benevolence and Adhesiveness large, 
may do what is necessary for their comfort. 
SMALL.—Care little for their own children, and still less for 
those of others; and with Combativeness and Destructiveness 
large, are liable to treat them unkindly and harshly, and are 
utterly unqualified to have charge of them. 
VERY SMALL.—Have little or no parental love or regard 
for children, but conduct toward them as the other faculties 
dictate. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Play with and make much of children; 
try to appreciate their loveliness and innocence, and be patient 
and tender and indulgent toward them; and if you have no 
children of your own, adopt a child, or provide something to 
pet and fondle. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Set judgment over against affection; rear 
them intellectually ; give yourseif less anxiety about them, and 92 
FItlENDSIIIP. 
if a child dies, by all means turn your mind from that loss by 
seeking some powerful diversion, and a change of associations, 
removing clothes and all remembrances, and keep from talk- 
ing or thinking about them. 
3.—FRIENDSHIP. 
(Adhesiveness.) 
Social feeling; love of society; desire to congregate, asso- 
ciate, visit, seek company, entertain friends, form and recipro- 
cate attachments, and indulge the friendly feelings. When 
perverted it forms attachments for the unworthy, and leads to 
bad company. Adapted to man’s requisition for concert of 
action, copartnership, combination, and community of feeling 
and interest, and is a leading element of his social relations. 
VERY LARGE.—Love friends with the utmost tenderness 
and intensity and will sacrifice almost anything for their sake; 
with Amativeness large, are susceptible of the highest order of 
conjugal love, yet base that love primarily in friendship ; with 
Combativeness and Destructiveness large, defend friends with 
great spirit, and resent and retaliate their injuries; with Self- 
Esteem moderate, take character from associates ; with Acquis- 
itiveness moderate, allow friends the free use of your purse; 
but with Acquisitiveness large, will do more than give; with 
Benevolence and Approbativeness moderate, and Acquisitive- 
ness only full, will spend money freely for social gratification ; 
with Self-Esteem and Combativeness large, must be first or 
nothing; but with only average Combativeness, Destructive- 
ness, and Self-Esteem, large Approbativeness, Benevolence, 
Conscientiousness, Ideality, Marvelousness, and reasoning or- 
gans, will have many friends, and but few enemies—be amiable 
and universally beloved; with large Eventuality and Lan- 
guage, will remember, with vivid emotions, by-gone scenes of 
social cheer and friendly converse; with large reasoning or- 
gans, vail give good advice to friends, and lay excellent plans 
for them; with smaller Secretiveness and large moral organs, 
will not believe ill of them, and dread the interruption of 
friendship as the greatest of calamities; willingly make any 
sacrifice required by friendship, and evince a perpetual flow of 
that commingling of soul, and desire to become one with others 
which this faculty inspires. FRIENDSHIP. 
93 
\ LARGE.—Are cordial, and ardent as friends; readily form 
friendship, and attract friendly regards in return; must have 
society of some kind; with Benevolence large, are hospitable, 
and delight to entertain friends; with Alimentiveness large, 
love the social banquet, and set the best before friends; with 
Approbativeness large, set the world by their commendation, 
but are terribly cut by their rebukes; with the moral faculties 
large, seek the society of the moral and elevated, and can en- 
joy the friendship of no others; with the intellectual faculties 
large, seek the society of the intelligent; with Language large, 
and Secretiveness small, talk freely in company; and with 
Mirthfulness and Ideality also large, are full of fun, and give 
a lively, jocose turn to conversation, yet are elevated and 
refined ; with Self-Esteem large, lead off in company, and give 
tone and character to others; but with Self-Esteem small, re- 
ceive character from friends, and with Imitation large, are lia- 
ble to copy their faults as well as virtues, with Cautiousness, 
Secretiveness, and Approbativeness large, are apt to be jealous 
of regards bestowed upon others, and exclusive in the choice 
of friends—having a few select, rather than many common- 
place ; with large Casualty and Comparison, love philosophical 
conversation, literary societies, etc., and are in every way 
sociable and companionable. 
\ FULL.—Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it 
for a friend, who will sacrifice much on the altar of friendship, 
Fig. 27 -Large. 
Fig. 28.—Small. 94 
FRIENDSHIP. 
yet offer up friendship on the altar of the stronger passions; 
with large or very large Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self- 
Esteein, Approhativeness, and Acquisitiveness, will serve 
self first, and friends afterwards; form attachments and 
break them, when they conflict with the stronger faculties ; 
with large Secretiveness and moderate Conscientiousness, 
will be double-faced, and profess more friendship than they 
possess: with Benevolence large, will cheerfully aid friends, 
yet it will be more from sympathy than affection; will have 
a few warm friends, yet only few, but perhaps many speak- 
ing acquaintances; and with the higher faculties generally 
large, will be a true, good friend, yet by no means enthusi- 
astic ; many of the combinations under Adhesiveness large, 
apply to it when full, allowance being made for its diminished 
power. 
AVERAGE.—Are capable of tolerably strong friendships, 
yet their character is determined by the larger faculties ; en- 
joy present friends, yet sustain their absence; with large 
Acquisitiveness, place business before friends, and sacrifice 
them whenever they conflict with money-making; with Be- 
nevolence large, are more kind than affectionate, relish friends 
yeCsacrifice no great for their sake; with Amativeness large, 
love the person of the other sex more than their minds, and 
experience less conjugal love than animal passion; with Ap- 
probativeness large, break friendship when ridiculed or re- 
buked, and with Secretiveness large, and Conscientiousness 
only average, can not be trusted as friends. 
MODERATE.—Love society somewhat, and form a few, but 
only few, attachments, and these only partial ; may have 
many speaking acquaintances, but few intimate friends, with 
large Combativeness and Destructiveness, are easily offended 
with friends, and seldom retain them long; with large Benev- 
olence, will bestow services, and with moderate Acquisitive- 
ness, money, more readily than affection; but with the selfish 
faculties strong, take care of self first, and make friendship 
subservient to interest. 
SMALL.—Think and care little for friends; dislike copart- 
nership ; are cold-hearted, unsocial, and selfish ; take little 
delight in company, but prefer to be alone ; have few friends, 
and with large Selfish faculties, many enemies, and mani- INHABITIVENESS. 
95 
fest too little of this faculty to exert a perceptible influence 
upon character. 
VERY SMALL.—Are perfect strangers to friendship. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Go more into society; associate freely 
with those around you; open your heart; don’t be so exclu- 
sive and distant; keep your room less, but go more to par- 
ties, and strive to be as companionable and familiar as you 
well can ; nor refuse to affiliate with those not exactly to 
your liking, but like what you can. and overlook faults. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Go abroad less, and be more select in 
choosing friends; besides guarding yourself against those 
persuasions and influences friends are apt to exercise over 
you, and trust friends less, as well as properly direct friend- 
ship by intellect. 
Fig. 29.—Large. 
Fig. 30.—Small. 
4.—INHABITIVENESS 
The home feeling; love of house, the place where one was 
born or has lived, and of home associations. Adapted to 
man’s need of an abiding place, in which to exercise the 
family feelings ; patriotism. Perversion—home-sickness when 
away from home, and needless pining after home. 
VERY LARGE.—Are liable to homesickness when away 
from home, especially for the first time, and the more so 96 
INHABITIVENESS. 
if Parental Love and Adhesiveness are large; will suffer al- 
most any inconvenience, and forego bright prospects rather 
than leave home; and remain in an inferior house or place 
of business rather than change. For combinations, see In- 
habitiveness—Large. 
LARGE.—Have a strong desire to locate young, to have a 
home or room exclusively; leave home with great reluctance, 
and return with extreme delight; soon become attached to 
house, sleeping-room, garden, fields, furniture, etc.; and highly 
prize domestic associations; are not satlslied without a place 
on which to expend this home instinct; with Parental Love, 
Adhesiveness, Individuality, and Locality large, will love 
to travel, yet be too fond of home to stay away long at a 
time; may be a cosmopolite in early life, and see much of 
the world, but will afterward settle down ; with Appyoba- 
tiveness and Combativeness large, will defend national honor, 
praise own country, government, etc., and defend both 
country and fireside with great spirit; with Ideality large, 
will beautify home; with Friendship large, will delight to 
see friends at home rather than abroad; with Alimentiveness 
large, will enjoy food better at home than elsewhere, etc. 
N FULL.—Prefer to live in one place, yet willingly change it 
wrhen interest or the other faculties require it; and with 
large Parental Love, Adhesiveness, and Amativeness, will 
think more of family and friends than of the domicile. 
AVERAGE.—Love home tolerably well, yet with no great 
fervor, and change the place of abode as the other faculties 
may dictate; take some, but no great interest in house or 
place, as such, or pleasure in their improvement, and are 
satisfied with ordinary home comforts; with Acquisitiveness 
large, spend reluctantly for its improvement; with Construc- 
tiveness moderate, take little pleasure in building additions 
to home; with Individuality and Locality large, love travel- 
ing more than staying in one place, and are satisfied with 
inferior home accommodations. 
MODERATE OR SMALL.—Care little for home; leave it 
without much regret; contemplate it with little delight; take 
little pains with it; and with Acquisitiveness large, spend 
reluctantly for its improvement. 
VERY SMALL.—Feel little, and show less, love of domicile 
as such. CONTINUITY. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Stay more at home, and cultivate a 
love of home, and its associations and joys, and the love of 
country. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Go from home, and banish that feeling 
of home-sickness experienced away from home. 
5.-CONTINUITY. 
A patient dwelling upon one thing until it is done; con- 
secutiveness and connectedness of thought and feeling. 
Adapted to a man’s need of doing one thing at a time. Per- 
version-prolixity, repetition, and excessive amplification. This 
faculty can hardly be grouped, as its function seems to work 
with and aid every other. 
VERY LARGE.—Fix the inind upon objects slowly, yet 
can not leave them unfinished; have great application, yet 
lack intensity or point; are tedious, prolix, and thorough in 
a few things rather than an amateur in many. 
\ LARGE.—Give the whole mind to the one thing in hand 
till it is finished ; complete at the time; keep up one common 
train of thought, or current of feeling, for a long time; are 
disconcerted if attention is directed to a second object, and 
can not duly consider either; with Adhesiveness large, pore 
sadly over the loss of friends for months and years; with 
the moral faculties large, are uniform and consistent in re- 
ligious exercises and character; with Combativeness and 
Fig. 31.—Large. 
Fig. 32.—Small. 98 
CONTINUITY, 
Destructiveness large, retain grudges and dislikes for a long 
time; with Ideality, Comparison, and Language large, amplify 
and sustain figures of speech ; with the, intellectual faculties 
large, con and pore over one thing, and impart a unity and 
completeness to intellectual investigations ; become thorough 
in whatever study is commenced, and rather postpone than 
commence, unless sure of completing. 
\\FULL.—Dwell continuously upon subjects, unless espe- 
cially called to others; prefer to finish up matters in hand, 
yet can, though with difficulty, give attention to another 
thing ; with the business organs large, make final settlements ; 
with the feelings strong, continue their action, yet are not 
monotonous, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Can dwell upon things, or divert attention 
to others, as occasion requires; are not confused by interrup- 
tion, yet prefer one thing at a time; with the intellectual 
organs large, are not a smatterer, nor yet profound; with 
the mental temperament, are clear in style, and consecutive 
in idea, yet never tedious; with Comparison large, manu- 
facture expressions and ideas consecutively, and connectedly, 
and always to the point, yet never dwell unduly. 
MODERATE.—Love and indulge variety and change of 
thought, feeling, occupation, etc.; are not confused by them; 
rather lack application; with a good intellectual lobe, and 
an active temperament, know a little about a good many 
things, rather than much about any one thing ; with an active 
organization, think clearly, and have unity and intensity 
of thought and feeling, yet lack connectedness; with large 
Language and small Secretiveness, talk easily, but not long 
at a time upon any one thing; do better on the spur of the 
moment than by previous preparation ; and should cultivate 
consistency of character and fixedness of mind, by finishing 
all begun. 
SMALL.—With activity great, commence many things, yet 
finish few; crave novelty and variety ; have many irons in the 
fire; lack application; jump rapidly from premise to conclu- 
sion, and fail to connect and carry out ideas; lack steadiness 
and consistency of character; may be brilliant, yet can not 
be profound; humming-bird like, fly rapidly from thing to 
thing, but do not stay long; have many good thoughts, yet SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
99 
they are scattered; and talk on a great variety of subjects in 
a short time, but fail sadly in consecutiveness of feeling, 
thought, and action. An illustrative anecdote : An old and 
faithful servant to a passionate, petulant master, linally told 
him he could endure his testiness no longer, and must leave, 
though with extreme reluctance. “But,” replied the master, 
“ you know I am no sooner angry than pleased again.” “ Aye, 
but,” replied the servant, “you are no sooner pleased than 
angry again.” 
VERY SMALL.—Are restless, and given to perpetual 
change; with activity great, are composed of gusts and coun- 
ter-gusts of passion, and never one thing more than an instant 
at a time. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Dwell on, and pore over, till you com- 
plete the thing in hand.:. make thorough work; and never 
allow your thoughts to wander, or attention to be distracted 
or indulge diversity or variety in anything. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Engage in what will compel you to attend 
to a great many different things in quick succession, and 
break up that prolix, long-winded monotony caused by an 
excess of this faculty. 
II.—SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 
consisting of Vitativeness, Combativeness, Destructiveness, 
Alimentiveness, Acquisitiveness, Secretiveness. Theso pro- 
vide for man’s animal wants ; create those desires and instincts 
and supply those wants which relate more especially to his 
animal existence and physical necessities directed, and sancti- 
fied by the higher facidties, have tremendous force of character 
and energy of mind. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Keep a sharp eye on your own interests ; 
look out well for number one ; fend off impositions ; harden up ; 
don’t be so good; and in general cultivate a burly, driving, 
self-caring, physical, worldly, spirit; especially increase the 
physical energies by observing the health-laws, as this will 
re-increased those animal organs. 
TO RESTRAIN.—First and most, obviate all causes of 
physical inflammation and false excitement; abstain from 
spiritous liquors, wines, tobacco, mustard, spices, all heavy and 100 
VITATIVEN ESS. 
rich foods; eat lightly, and of farinaceous rather than of flesh 
diet, for meat is directly calculated to inflame the animal pas- 
sions ; avoid temptation and incentives to anger and sensual- 
ity ; especially associate only with the good, never with those 
who are vulgar or vicious; but most of all, cultivate the higher 
purer moral faculties, and aspire to the high and good; also 
cultivate love of nature’s beauties and works, as the very best 
means of restraining the animal passions. 
E.-VITATIVENESS. 
Tenacity of life; resistance of death; love of existence as 
such; dread of annihilation; love of life, and clinging tena- 
ciously to it for its own sake. 
Fig. 33.—Large. 
Fig. 34.—Small. 
VERY LARGE.—Shrink from death, and cling to life with 
desperation; struggle with the utmost determination against 
disease and death; nor give up to die till the very last, and 
then by the hardest; with Cautiousness very large, and Hope 
moderate, shudder at the very thought of dying, or being dead ; 
but with Hope large, expect to live against hope and experi- 
ence. The combinations are like those under large, allow- 
ance being made for the increase of this faculty. 
\ LARGE.—Will struggle resolutely through fits of sickness, 101 
and will not give up to die till absolutely compelled to do so. 
With large animal organs, cling to life on account of this 
world's gratifications; with large moral organs, to do good— 
to promote human happiness, etc., with large social faculties, 
love life both for its own sake and to bless family; with very 
large Cautiousness, dread to change the present mode of exis- 
tence, and with large and perverted Veneration and Conscien- 
tiousness, and small Hope, have an indescribable dread of en- 
tering upon an untried future state; but with Hope large, and 
a culivated intellect, expect to exist hereafter, etc. 
FULL.—Love life, and cling tenaciously to it, yet not ex- 
travagantly ; hate to die, not from the fear of being dead, but 
yield to disease and death, though reluctantly. 
AVERAGE.—Enjoy life, and cling to it with a fair degree of 
earnestness, yet by no means with passionate fondness; and 
with a given constitution and health, will die easier and sooner 
than with this organ large. 
MODERATE OR SMALL.—Like to live, yet care very little 
about existence for their own sake; with large animal or do- 
mestic organs, may wish to live on account of family, or busi- 
ness, or worldly pleasures, yet care less about it for their own 
sake, and yield up existence with little reluctance or dread. 
VERY SMALL.—Have no desire to live merely for the 
sake of living, but only to gratify other faculties. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Think of the value of life, and plan 
things to be done and pleasures to be enjoyed that are worthy 
to live for. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Guard against a morbid love of life, or 
dread of death. Regard death as much as possible as a nat- 
ural institution, and this life as the pupilage for a better state 
of being. 
COMBATIVENESS. 
Resistance—opposition ; defense ; defiance ; boldness; cour- 
age ; spirit; desire to encounter; self-protection; presence of 
mind; determination ; get-out-of-my-way ; let-me-and-mine- 
alone. Adapted to man’s requisition for overcoming obstacles, 
contending for rights, etc. Perversion—anger; contrary; 
fault-finding; contention; ill-nature; and fighting. 
6.-COMBATIVENESS. 102 
VERY LARGE.—Show always and everywhere the utmost 
heroism, boldness, and courage; can face the cannon’s mouth 
coolly, and stare death in the face without flinching : put forth 
remarkable efforts in order to carry measures; grapple right 
in with difficulties with a real relish, and dash through them 
as if mere trifles; love pioneer, adventurous, even hazardous 
expeditions ; shrink not from danger ; are appalled by no hard- 
ships ; prefer a rough and daring life—one of struggle and hair- 
breadth escapes—to a quiet, monotonous business; are deter- 
mined never to be conquered, even by superior odds, but 
incline to do battle single-handed against an army ; with Cau- 
tiousness only full, show more valor than discretion, are often 
COMBATIVENESS. 
Fig. 35.—Large. 
Fig. 36.—Small. 
fool-hardy, and always in hot water; with smaller Secretive- 
ness and Approbativeness, are most unamiable, hatefulness 
sticking right straight out; with drinking habits and bad asso- 
ciates, have a most violent, ungovernable temper; are desper- 
ate, most bitter, and hateful, and should never be provoked. 
For additional combinations see Large, allowing for difference 
in size. 
LARGE.— Are bold, resolute, fearless, determined, dis- 
posed to grapple with and remove obstacles, and drive what- 
ever is undertaken; love debate and opposition; are perfectly 
cool and intrepid; have great presence of mind in times of COMBATTVENESS. 
103 
danger, and nerve for encounter; with large Parental Love, 
take the part of children; with large Inhabitiveness, defend 
country; with a powerful muscular system, put forth all 
their strength in lifting, working, and all lands of manual 
labor; with great Vitativeness and Destructiveness, defend 
life with desperation; writh large Acquisitiveness, maintain 
pecuniary rights, and drive money-making plans; with large 
Approbativeness, resent insult, and large Adhesiveness added, 
defend the character of friends; with full or large Self-Es- 
teem, defend personal interest, take their owrn part with spirit, 
and repel all aggressions; with Self-Esteem small, and Benev- 
olence and Friendship large, defend the interests of friends 
more than of self; with large Conscientiousness, prosecute 
the right and oppose the w rong most spiritedly; with largo 
intellectual organs, impart vigor, power, and impressiveness 
to thoughts, expressions, etc.; with disordered nerves, are 
peevish, fretful, fault-finding, irritable, dissatisfied, unreason- 
able, and fiery in anger, and should first restore the nerves 
to health, and then restrain this fault-finding disposition, by 
remembering that the cause is in themselves, instead of in 
what they fret at. 
\ FULL.—Evince those feelings described under Large, yet 
in a less degree, and as modified more by the larger organs; 
thus, with large moral and intellectual faculties, show much 
more moral than physical courage; maintain the right and 
oppose the wrong; yet, with Firmness large, in a decided 
rather than in a combative spirit, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Evince the combative spirit according to cir- 
cumstances ; wRen vigorously opposed, or when any of the 
other faculties work in conjunction with Combati\eness, show 
a good degree of the opposing, energetic spirit; but when any 
of the other faculties, such as large Cautiousness or Approba- 
tiveness, work against it, are irresolute, and even cowardly; 
with an active temperament, and disordered nerves, especially 
if dyspeptic, have a quick, sharp, fiery temper, yet lack power 
of anger; will fret and threaten, yet mean, and actually do, 
but littlewith a large brain, and large moral and intellectual 
organs, will put forth some intellectual and moral force when 
once thoroughly roused, winch will be but seldom; with large 
Approbativeness, and small Acquisitiveness, will defend char- 
acter, but not pecuniary rights; with large Cautiousness, 104 
COMBATIVENESS. 
may be courageous where danger is far off, yet will run 
rather than fight; Avith smaller Cautiousness, Avill show some 
resentment Avhen imposed upon, but submit rather tamely to 
injuries; with very large Parental Love, and only average 
friendship, will resent any injuries offered to children Avith 
great spirit, yet not those offered to friends, etc. 
MODERATE.—Rather lack efficiency; Avith only fair mus- 
cles, are poor Avorkers, and fail to put forth eAren AA'hat little 
strength they have; Avith good moral and intellectual organs, 
possess talent and moral Avorth, yet are easily overcome by 
opposition or difficulty; should seek some quiet occupation, 
Avhere business comes in of itself, because loth to intrude 
unbidden upon the attention of others ; are too good to be ener- 
getic ; AArith Aveak Acquisitiveness, alloAV virtual robbery Avith- 
out resentment; Avith large Cautiousness, are tame and pusil- 
lanimous ; Avith large Approbativeness, can not stand rebuke, 
but wilt under it; Avith moderate Self-Esteem and Hope, are 
all “ I can’t, it’s hard,” etc., and Avill do but little in life. 
SMALL.—Are inert and inefficient; can accomplish little; 
never feel self-reliant or strong; and with large moral and 
intellectual organs, are too gentle and easily satisfied; Avith 
large Cautiousness, run to others for protection, and are 
always complaining of bad treatment. 
VERY SMALL.—Possess scarcely any energy, and mani- 
fest none. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Encourage a bold, resistant, defiant, 
self-defending spirit; fend off imposition like a real hero; 
rather encourage than shrink from encounter; engage in 
debate, and the mental conflict of ideas and sentiments in 
politics, in religion, in whatever comes up, and take part in 
public meetings; take sides in everything; say and try to 
feel—None shall provoke me Avith impunity. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Do just the opposite of the preceding 
advice; whenever you find anger rising, turn on your heel ; 
avoid debate, and say mildly and pleasantly whatever you 
have to say; bear with imposition rather than resent it; cul- 
tivate a turn-tlie-other-cheek spirit; never SA\rear, or scold, or 
bloAV up anybody, and restrain temper and wrath in all their 
manifestations. DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
105 
7.-DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
Executiveness; severity ; sternness; the destroying and 
pain-causing faculty; harshness; extermination; indigna- 
tion ; disposition to break, crush, and tear down; the wralk- 
right-through-spirit. Adapted to man’s destroying whatever 
is prejudicial to his happiness; performing and enduring sur- 
gical operations ; undergoing pain, etc. Perversion—wrath ; 
revenge; malice; disposition to murder, etc. 
VERY LARGE.—Experience the most powerful indigna- 
tion, amounting even to rage and violence, when thoroughly 
provoked; and with large or very large Combativeness, act 
like a chafed lion, and feel like rushing into the midst of 
perilous dangers; tear up and destroy whatever is in the way ; 
are harsh and often morose in manner, and should cultivate 
pleaantness; with large Combativeness, Firmness, Self-Es- 
teem, and Approbativeness moderate, are exceedingly repul- 
sive, hating and hateful when angry, and much more pro- 
voked than occasion requires; with large intellectuals, put 
forth tremendous mental energy; and should offset this 
faculty by reason and moral feeling, and cultivate blandness 
instead of wrath. 
Fig. 37.—Large. 
Fig. 38.—Small. 106 
DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
\LARGE.—Impart that determination, energy, and force 
which remove or destroy whatever impedes progression; with 
Firmness large, give that iron will which adheres till the 
very last, in spite of everything, and carry points anyhow; 
with large Combativeness, impart a harsh, rough mode of 
expression and action, and a severity, if not fierceness to all 
encounters; with large Acquisitiveness and Conscientious- 
ness, will have every cent due, though it costs two to get 
one, yet want no more, and retain grudges against those 
who have injured the pocket; with large Approbativenesss 
and Combativeness, experience determination and hostility 
toward those who trifle with reputation or impeach charac- 
ter; with large Self-Esteem, upon those who conflict with its 
interests, or detract from its supposed merits; with large 
Adhesiveness, when angry with friends, are very angry; with 
large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, employ a harsh 
mode of showing kindness; with large Comparison and Lan- 
guage, heap very severe and galling epithets upon enemies; 
with large Ideality, polish and refine expression of anger, 
and put a keen edge upon sarcasm, yet they cut to the very 
bone, etc. Such should avoid and turn from whatever pro- 
vokes. 
FULL.—Evince a fair degree of this faculty, yet its tone 
and direction depend upon the larger organs; with large 
propensities, manifest much animal force; with large moral or- 
gans, evince moral determination and indignation; with large 
intellectual organs, possess intellectual might and energy, and 
thus of its other combinations; but with small Combativeness, 
are peaceful until thoroughly roused, but then rather harsh and 
vindictive; if boys, attack only when sure of victory, yet are 
then harsh; with smaller Self-Esteem; exercise this faculty 
more in behalf of others than of self; with large Cautious- 
ness and moderate Combativeness, keep out of danger, broils, 
etc., till compelled to engage in them, but then become des- 
perate, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Are like Full, only less so. 
MODERATE.—Evince but little harshness or severity, and 
shrink from jiain ; with large Benevolence, are unable to wit- 
ness suffering or death, much less to cause them; possess 
but little force of mind, or executiveness of character, to 
drive through obstacles; with large moral organs added, are DESTRUCTIVENESS. 
107 
more beloved than feared, manifest extreme sympathy, 
amounting sometimes even to weakness, and secure ends 
more by mild than severe measures; with moderate Com- 
bativeness and Self-Esteem, are irresolute, unable to stand 
ground, or take care of self; fly to others for protection ; can 
do little, and feel like trying to do still less; fail to realize 
or put forth strength; and with large Cautiousness added, 
see lions where there are none, and make mountains of mole- 
hills ; and with small Hope added, are literally good for noth- 
ing ; but with large Hope and Firmness, and full Self-Es- 
teem and Combativeness, accomplish considerable, yet in a 
quiet way, and by perseverance more than force—by siege 
rather than by storm—and with large intellectual and moral 
faculties added, are good, though not tame; exert a good 
influence, and that always healthful, and are mourned more 
when dead than prized while living. The combinations under 
this organ large, reversed, apply to it when moderate. 
SMALL.—With large moral faculties, possess too tender a 
soul to enjoy our world as it is, or to endure hardships or* 
bad treatment; can neither endure or cause suffering, anger 
being so little as to provoke only ridicule, and need hardness 
and force. 
VERY SMALL.—Experience little, and manifest none of 
this faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Destroy anything and everything in 
your way; killing weeds, blasting rocks, felling trees, using 
edge tools, tearing up roots, plowing new ground, cultivating 
new farms, hunting, exercising indignation when wronged, 
and against public wrongs; espousing the cause of the 
oppressed; fighting public evils, such as intemperance and the 
like, all are calculated to cultivate and strengthen this faculty. 
Still, care should be taken to exercise it under the control 
of the higher faculties, and then no matter how great that 
exercise. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Kill nothing; and offset destructiveness 
by benevolence; never indulge a rough, harsh spirit, but 
cultivate instead a mild and forgiving spirit; never brood 
over injuries or indulge revengeful thoughts or desires, or 
aggravate yourself by brooding over wrongs; cultivate good 
manners; and when occasion requires you to reprove, do it 108 
ALIMENTIV ENESS. 
in a bland, gentle manner rather than roughly; never tease, 
even children, or scourge animals, but be kind to both, and 
offset by benevolence and the higher faculties. 
8.-ALIMENTIVENESS. 
Appetite; the feeding instinct; relish for food; hunger. 
Adapted to man’s need of food, and creating a disposition to 
eat. Perverted, it produces gormandizing and gluttony, and 
causes dyspepsia and all its evils. 
VERY LARGE.—Often eat more than is requisite; enjoy 
food exceedingly well; and lienee are liable to clog body and 
mind by over-eating ; should restrain appetite; will feel better 
by going without an occasional meal, and are liable to dyspep- 
sia. This faculty is liable to take on a diseased action, and 
crave a much greater amount of food than nature requires 
and hence is the great cause of dyspepsia. Its diseased action 
may be known by a craving, hankering, gone sensation be- 
fore eating; by heart-burn, pain in the stomach, belching 
cf wind, a dull, heavy, or painful sensation in the head, and 
a desire to be always nibbling at something; lives to eat, 
instead of eating to live, and should at once be eradicated 
by omitting one meal daily, and, in its stead, drinking abun- 
dantly of water. 
Fig. 39.—Large. 
Fig. 40.—Small. ALIMENTIVENESS. 
109 
LARGE.—Have a hearty relish for food; set high value 
upon table enjoyments, and solid, hearty food; with Acquisi- 
tiveness large, lay up abundance of food for future use— 
perhaps keep so much on hand that some of it spoils; with 
Ideality large must have everything clean about the table and 
have food nicely cooked; with large Language and intellect, 
enjoy table-talk exceedingly, and participate in it; with 
large social faculties, must eat with others; can cook well, 
if practiced in culinary arts; and with larger Approbative- 
ness and Ideality than Causality, apt to be ceremonious and 
over-polite at table, etc. Such should restrain this faculty 
by eating more slowly, and often less. 
FULL.—With a healthy stomach, eat freely what is offered, 
asking no questions; enjoying it, but not extravagantly; rare- 
ly over-eat, except when the stomach is disordered, and then 
experience that hankering above described, which a rich diet 
alone can cure, l or combinations, see Large. 
AVERAGE.—Enjoy food well, and eat with a fair relish ; yet 
rarely over-eat, except when rendered craving by dyspeptic 
complaints. 
MODERATE.—Rather lack appetite; eat with little relish, 
and hence require to pamper and cultivate appetite by dain- 
ties, and enjoying rich flavors; can relish food only when 
other circumstances are favorable; feel little hunger, and eat 
to live, instead of living to eat; with Eventuality small, can 
not remember from one meal to another what was eaten at 
the last. 
SMALL.—Eat “with long teeth,” and little relish; hardly 
know or care what or when they eat; and should pay more 
attention to duly feeding the body. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost wholly destitute of appetite. 
This faculty is more liable to perversion than any other, 
and excessive and fast eating occasions more sickness, and 
depraves the animal passions more than all other causes com- 
bined. To feed the body properly is of the utmost import- 
ance. Whenever this faculty becomes diseased, the first 
object should be to restore its natural function by abstinence. 
Medicines rarely do it. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Consider before you provide or order 
your meals what would relish best, and as far as possible 110 
BIBATIVENESS. 
provide what seems to you wall taste good ; pamper appetite; 
eat leisurely, and as if determined to extract from your food 
all the rich flavors it may contain, and in eating be governed 
more by flavor than quantity; endeavor to get up an appetite, 
even when you feel none, by eating somewhat dainty, as if to 
see if it were not good ; do so by food and drinks as wine con- 
noisseurs do in testing viands—that is, taste things with a view 
of ascertaining their relative flavors; in short, exercise and 
indulge appetite; also, do as directed in order to cultivate 
digestion. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Eat but seldom—for by keeping away from 
table this faculty remains comparatively quiet; and wrhen you 
eat, eat slowly, leisurely, quietly, pleasurably, as if deter- 
mined to enjoy eating, for this satisfies appetite with much 
less food than to eat voraciously; mingle pleasant conversa- 
tion with meals; direct attention more to how good your food 
is than how much you eat; always leave the table with a 
good appetite, and stop the moment you have to resort to 
condiments or desserts to keep up appetite; eat like the epi- 
cure, but not like the gourmand—as if you would enjoy a 
little rather than devour so much; eat sparingly, for the more 
you eat the more you re-inflame the stomach, and thereby re- 
increase that hankering you need to restrain. 
III.—BIBATIVENESS OR AQUATIVENESS. 
(Located in front of Alimentiveness.) 
Fondness for liquids; desire to drink; love of wrater, wash- 
ing, bathing, swimming, sailing, etc. Adapted to the exists 
ence and utility of water. Perversion—drinking in exces- 
sive quantities; drunkenness; and unquenchable thirst. 
VERY LARGE.—Are excessively fond of water, wrhether 
applied internally or externally, and a natural swimmer; and 
with Individuality and Locality, a natural seaman; with 
large Adhesiveness, and Approbativeness, and small Self-Es- 
teem and Acquisitiveness, should avoid the social glass, for 
fear of being overcome by it. 
LARGE.—Love to drink freely, and frequently; experi- 
ence much thirst; enjoy washing, swimming, bathing, etc., 
exceedingly, and are benefited by the same; with Ideality 
large, love water prospects. 
FULL.—Enjoy water well, but not extravagantly; drink freely when the stomach is in a fevered state, and is benefit- 
ed ly its judicious external application. 
AVERAGE.—Like to drink at times, after working freely 
or perspiring copiously, yet ordinarily care little about it. 
MODERATE.—Partake of little water, except occasionally, 
and are not particulary benefited by its external application, 
further than is necessary for cleanliness; dislike shower or 
plunge-baths, and rather dread than enjoy sailing, swimming, 
etc., especially when Cautiousness is large. 
SMALL.—Care little for liquids in any of their forms, or 
for any soups, and, with large Cautiousness, dread to be on 
or near the water; with Alimentiveness large, prefer solid, 
hard food to puddings or broth, etc. 
VERY SMALL.—Have an unqualified aversion to water 
and all fluids, a constitutional hydrophobiac. 
9.—ACQUISITIVENESS. 
Economy; frugality; the acquiring, saving, and hoarding 
instinct; laying up a surplus, and allowing nothing to be 
wasted; desire to possess and own; the mine-and-thine feel- 
ing ; claiming of one’s own things; love of trading and 
amassing property. Adapted to man’s need of laying up the 
necessaries and comforts of life against a time of future need. 
Perversion—a miserly, grasping, close-fisted penuriousness. 
VERY LARGE.—Hasten to be rich; are too' eager after 
wealth; too industrious; too close in making bargains; too 
small in dealing; with large Cautiousness, are penny wise, 
but pound foolish; hold the sixpence too close to the eye to 
see the dollar farther off, and give entire energies to amassing 
property; with smaller Secretiveness and large Conscientious- 
ness, are close, yet honest, will have due, yet want no more, 
and never employ deception; but, with large Secretiveness 
and but average Conscientiousness, make money anyhow; 
palm-off inferior articles for good ones, or at least over- 
praise what is on sale, but rim down in buying; and with 
large Parental Love and Perceptives added, can make a 
finished horse-jockey; with small Self-Esteem, are small and 
mean in deal, and stick for the half-cent; with very large 
Hope, and only full Cautiousness, embark too deeply in busi- 
ACQUISITIVENESS. ACQUISITIVUNKSIS. 
ness, and are liable to fail; with large Adhesiveness and 
Benevolence, will do for friends more than give to, and circu- 
late the subscription-paper rather than sign it; with large 
Hope and Secretiveness, and only average Cautiousness, buy 
more than can be paid for, pay more in promises than in 
money, shoidd adopt a cash business, and check the manifes- 
tations of this faculty by being less penurious and industrious, 
and more liberal. 
I LARGE.—Save for future use what is not wanted for pres- 
ent ; allow nothing to go to waste; turn everything to a good 
account; buy closely, and make the most of everything; are 
Fig. 41.—Large. 
Fig. 42.—Small. 
industrious, economical, and vigorously employ all means to 
accumulate property, and desire to own and possess much; 
with large social organs, industriously acquire property for 
domestic purposes, yet are saving in the family; with very 
large Adhesiveness and Benevolence, are industrious in acquir- 
ing property, yet spend it too freely upon friends; with largo 
flope added, are too apt to indorse for them ; with small Secret- 
iveness, and activity greater than power, are liable to overdo, 
and take on too much work in order to save so much, as often 
to incur sickness, and thus lose more than gain; with large 
Approbativeness and small Secretiveness, boast of wealth, but 
with large Secretiveness, keep pecuniary affairs secret; with ACQUISITIVENESS. 
113 
large Constructiveness, incline to make money by engaging in 
some mechanical branch of business; with large Cautiousness, 
are provident; with large Ideality, keep things very nice, and 
are tormented by whatever mars beauty; with large intellect- 
ual organs, love to accumulate books, and whatever facilitates 
intellectual progress; with large Veneration and Self-Esteem, 
set great store on antique and rare coins, and specimens, etc. 
N FULL.—Take good care of possessions, and use vigorous 
exertions to enchance them; value property for itself and its 
uses; are industrious, yet not grasping; and saving, without 
being close; with large Benevolence, are too ready to help 
friends ; and with large Hope added, too liable to indorse; and 
with an active temperament, too industrious to come to want; 
yet too generous ever to be rich. 
AVERAGE.—Love property; yet the other faculties spend 
quite as fast as this faculty accumulates; with Cautiousness 
large or very large, love property in order to be safe against 
future want; with large Approbativeness, desire to keep up 
appearances; with large Conscientiousness, to pay debts; with 
large intellectual organs, will pay freely for intellectual attain- 
ments ; yet the kind of property and objects sought in its acqui- 
sition depends upon other and larger faculties. 
MODERATE.—Value and make property more for its uses 
than itself; seek it as a means rather than an end; with Cau- 
tiousness large, may evince economy from fear of coming to 
want, or with other large organs, to secure other ends, yet care 
little for property on its own account; are rather wasteful; do 
not excel in bargaining, or like it; have no great natural 
pecuniary tact, or money-making capability, and are in danger 
of living quite up to income; with Ideality large, must have 
nice things, no matter how costly ; yet do not take first-rate 
care of them; disregard small expenses; purchase to consume 
as much as to keep; prefer to enjoy earnings now to laying 
them up ; with large domestic organs, spend freely for family ; 
with strong Approbativeness and moderate Cautiousness, are 
extravagant, and contract debts to make a display; with Hope 
large, run deeply in debt, and spend money before it is earned. 
SMALL.—Hold money loosely; spend it often without get- 
ting its value; care little how money goes; with Hope very 
large, enjoy money to-day without saving for to-morrow; and 114 
SECRETIVENESS. 
with large Approbativeness and Ideality added, and only aver- 
age Causality, are prodigal, and spend money to poor advan- 
tage ; contract debts without providing for their payment, etc. 
VERY SMALL.—Neither heed nor know the value of 
money ; are wasteful; spend all they can get; lack industry, 
and will always be in want. 
The back part of this organ economises and accumulates 
property ; the fore part plans and acquires; the former small, 
and latter large, encompass sea and land to make a dollar, and 
then throw it away, which is an American characteristic; and 
get many things, but allow them to go to waste. Properly to 
spend money implies a high order of wisdom. Every dollar 
should be made an instrument of the highest happiness. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Try to estimate the value of money 
intellectually, and save up as a philosophy; economise time 
and means; cultivate industry; engage in some mercenary 
business; determine to get rich, and use the means for so 
doing, and be what you consider even small in expenditures; 
lay by a given sum at stated times, without thinking to use it 
except in extreme want; and when enough is laid by, make a 
first payment on real estate, launch into business, thus compel- 
ling yourself both to save the driblets, and earn vThat you can 
in order to save yourself, and do by intellect what you are not 
disposed to do by intuition. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Think less of dollars; study means for 
enjoying your property ; often quit business for recreation ; 
attend more relatively to other life ends, less to mere money- 
getting ; that is, cultivate the other faculties, and be more 
generous. 
10.-SECRETIVENESS. 
Self-government; ability to restrain feelings ; Policy ; Cun- 
ning ; adapted to man’s requisition for controlling his animal 
nature. Perverted, it causes duplicity, double-dealing, lying, 
deception, and all kinds of false j>retensions. 
VERY LARGE.—Are non-committal and cunning in the 
extreme, and with only average Conscientiousness, deceptive, 
tricky, foxy, double-dealing, and unworthy to be trusted; 
with large Acquisitiveness added, will both cheat and lie; SFCRFTIY F.NFSS. 
115 
with large Cautiousness, are unfathomable even by acknowl- 
edged friends; with very large moral organs, and only aver- 
age or full propensities, are not dangerous, and have a good 
moral basis, yet instinctively employ many stratagems calcu- 
lated to cover up the real motives; and should cultivate open- 
ness and sincerity. 
N. LARGE.—Incline to throw a veil over countenance, expres- 
sion, and conduct; appear to aim at one thing, while accom- 
plishing another; love to surprise others; are enigmatical, 
mysterious, guarded, politic, shrewd, managing, employ con- 
cealment, and are hard to bo found out; with Cautiousness 
large, take extra pains to escape detection ; with Conscientious-; 
ness also large, will not tell a lie, yet will not always tell the 
truth; evade the direct question, and are equivocal, and 
though honest in purpose, yet resort to many little cunning 
devices; with large intellectual organs and Cautiousness, 
express ideas so guardedly as to lack distinctness and direct- 
ness, and hence to be often misunderstood; with large Appro- 
bativeness, take many ways to secure notoriety, and hoist 
some false colors; with large Acquisitiveness, employ too much 
cunning in pecuniary transactions, and unless checked by 
still larger Conscientiousness, are not always strictly truthful 
or honest; with large social organs, form few friendships, and 
Fig. 43.—Large. 
Fig. 44.—Small. 116 
those only after years of acquaintance, nor evince half the 
attachment felt; are distant in society, and communicate even 
with friends only by piecemeal; divulge very few plans or 
business matter to acquaintances, or even to friends; lack 
communicativeness, and have little or no fresh-hearted expres- 
sion of feeling, but leave an impression of uncertainty as to 
character and intention. 
\ FULL.—Evince much self-government; yet, if the tempera- 
ment is active, when the feelings do break forth, manifest 
them with unusual intensity; with large Acquisitiveness and 
Cautiousness, communicate but little respecting pecuniary 
affairs; with large Approbativeness, take the popular side of 
subjects, and sail only with the current of public opinion; 
with Conscientiousness large, are upright in motive, and tell 
the truth, but not always the whole truth; and though never 
hoist false colors, yet do not always show true ones. 
AVERAGE.—Maintain a good share of self-government, 
except when under excitement, and then let the whole mind 
out, fully; with large Combativeness and an active tempera- 
ment, though generally able to control resentment, yet, when 
once provoked, show the full extent of their anger; with large 
Cautiousness, see that there is no danger before allowing the 
feelings to burst forth; but with an excitable temperament, 
and especially a deranged stomach, show a general want of 
policy and self-government, because the feelings are too strong 
to be kept in check ; but if this faculty is manifested in connec- 
tion with stronger faculties, it evinces considerable power, yet 
is wanting when placed in opposition to them. 
MODERATE.—Express feelings with considerable fullness; 
pursue an open, direct course; are sincere and true ; employ 
but little policy, and generally give full vent to thoughts and 
feelings; with Cautiousness large, evince prudence in deeds, 
but imprudence in words; express opinions unguardedly, yet 
are safe and circumspect in conduct; with large Acquisitive- 
ness and Conscientiousness, prefer the one-price system in 
dealing, and can not bear to banter; with large Adhesiveness, 
are sincere and open-hearted in friendship, and communicate 
with perfect freedom ; with large Conscientiousness and Com- 
bativeness added, are truthful, and speak the whole mind too 
bluntly; with fine feelings, and a good moral organization, 
fcECRETlVENESS. SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 
117 
manifest the higher, finer feelings, without restraint or re- 
serve, so as to be the more attractive; are full of goodness 
without any intervening veil; manifest in looks and actions 
what is passing within; express all mental operations with 
fullness, freedom, and force; choose direct and unequivocal 
modes of expression; disclose faults as freely as virtues, and 
leave none at a loss as to the real character; but with the 
harsher elements predominant, appear more hating and hate- 
ful than they really are, because all is blown right out. 
SMALL.—Are perfectly transparent; seem to be just what, 
and all they really are; disdain concealment in all forms ; 
are not hypocritical, but positive and unequivocal in all said 
and done; carry the soul in the hands and face, and make 
way directly to the feelings of others', because expressing 
them so unequivocally; with large Cautiousness, are guarded 
in action, but unguarded in expression; free the mind re- 
gardless of consequences, yet show much prudence in other 
respects; with Conscientiousness large, love the truth wher- 
ever it exists, and open the mind freely to evidence and con- 
viction ; are open and above-board in everything, and allow 
all the mental operations to come right out, unveiled and 
unrestrained, so that their full force is seen and felt. 
VERY SMALL.—Conceal nothing, but disclose everything. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Supply by intellect that guardedness 
and policy lacked by instinct, for you are too spontaneous ; 
try to “lie low, and keep dark,” and suppress your natural 
outgushings of feeling and intellect, cultivate self-control, 
by subjecting all you say and do to judgment, instead of al- 
lowing momentary impulses to rule conduct; do not tell all 
you know, or intend to do, and occasionally pursue a round- 
about course; be guarded, politic, and wary in everything; 
do not make acquaintances or confide in people as much as is 
natural, but treat everybody as if they needed Avatching. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Cultivate a direct, straightforward, above- 
board, and open Avay, and pursue a course just the op- 
posite from the one suggested for its cultivation. 
IV.—SELFISH SENTIMENTS, 
consisting of Cautiousness, Approbativeness, Self-Esteem, 
Firmness. These give prudence, ambition, dignity, and 
stability. 118 
CAUTIOUSNESS. 
11.-CAUTIOUSNESS. 
Carefulness ; watchfulness; prudence ; provision against 
want and danger; solicitude; anxiety; apprehension; se- 
curity ; protection; avoiding prospective evils, the sentinel. 
Adapted to ward-off surrounding dangers, and make those 
provisions necessary for future happiness. Perversion—irres- 
olution ; timidity; procrastination ; indecision ; fright; panic. 
VERY LARGE.-Are over-anxious; always on the look- 
out ; worried about trifles ; afraid of shadows ; forever getting 
ready, because so many provisions to make; are careful in 
business; often revise decisions, because afraid to trust the 
issue; live in perpetual fear of evils and accidents; take 
extra pains with everything; lack promptness and decision, 
and refuse to run risks; put off till to-morrow what ought 
to be done to-day j with excitability 7, live in a constant 
panic ; procrastinate ; are easily frightened ; see mountains of 
evil where there are only mole-hills; are often unnerved by 
fright, and overcome by false alarms; with only average or 
full Combativeness, Self-Esteem, and Hope, and large Ap- 
probativeness, accomplish literally nothing, but should al- 
ways act under others; with large Acquisitiveness, prefer 
smadl but sure gains to large but more risky ones, and safe 
investments to active business, 
Fig. 45.—Large. 
Fig. 46.—Small. CAUTIOUSNESS. 
119 
LARGE.—Are always on the look-out; take ample time 
to get ready; provide against prospective dangers; make 
everything safe; guard against losses and evils; incur no 
risks; sure hind that they may sure find; with large Com- 
bativeness, Hope, and an active temperament, drive, Jehu- 
like, whatever is undertaken, yet drive cautiously ; lay on 
the lash, yet hold a tight rein, so as not to upset plans; with 
large Approbativeness, are doubly cautious as to character • 
with large Approbativeness and small Acquisitiveness, are 
extra careful of character, but not of money; with large 
Acquisitiveness and small Approbativeness, take special care 
of all money matters, but not of reputation; with large Ad- 
hesiveness and Benevolence, experience the greatest solici- 
tude for the welfare of friends; with large Conscientiousness, 
are careful to do nothing wrong; with large Causality, lay 
safe plans, and are judicious; with large Combativeness and 
Hope, combine judgment with energy and enterprise, and 
often seem reckless, yet are prudent; with large intellect- 
ual organs and Firmness, are cautious in coming to conclu- 
sions, and canvass well all sides of all questions, yet, once 
settled, are unmoved; with small Self-Esteem, rely too much 
on the judgment of others, and too little on self; with large 
Parental Love and disordered nerves, experience unnecessary 
solicitude for children, and take extra care of them, often 
killing them with kindness, etc. 
V FULL.—Show a good share of prudence and carefulness, 
except when the other faculties are powerfully excited; with 
large Combativeness and very large Hope, have too little 
prudence for energy; are tolerably safe, except when under 
considerable excitement; \\ith large Acquisitiveness, are 
very careful whenever money or property are concerned; 
yet, with only average Causality, evince but little general 
prudence, and lay plans for the present rather than future, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Have a good share of prudence, whenever 
this faculty works in connection with the larger organs, yet 
evince but little in the direction of the smaller; Avith large 
Combativeness and Hope, and an excitable temperament, are 
practically imprudent, yet somewhat less so than appearances 
indicate; with large Causality, and only average Hope and 
Combativeness, and a temperament more strong than excit- 
able, evince good general judgment, and meet with but few 120 
CAUTIOUSNESS. 
accidents; but with an excitable temperament, large Com- 
bativeness and Hope, and only average or full Causality, are 
always in hot water, fail to mature plans, begin before ready, 
and are luckless and unfortunate in everything, etc. 
MODERATE.—With excitability great, act upon the spur 
of the moment, without due deliberation; meet with many 
accidents caused by imprudence; with large Combativeness, 
are often at variance with neighbors ; with large Approbativc- 
ness, seek praise, yet often incur criticism; with average 
Causality and large Hope, are always doing imprudent things, 
and require a guardian; with small Acquisitiveness, keep 
money loosely, and are easily over-persuaded to buy more 
than can be paid for; with large Parental Love, play with 
children, yet often hurt them; with large Language and 
small Secretiveness, say many ve)’y imprudent things, etc.; 
and with large Combativeness, have many enemies, etc. 
SMALL.—Are rash, reckless, luckless; and with large 
Hope, always in trouble; with large Combativeness, plunge 
headlong into difficulties in full sight, and should assiduously 
cultivate this faculty. 
VERY SMALL.—Have so little of this faculty, that its 
influence on conduct is rarely ever perceived. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Count the advantages against, but not 
for; look out for breakers; think how much indiscretion and 
carelessness have injured you, and be careful and watchful 
in everything. Imprudence is your fault—be judicious; and 
remember that danger is always much greater than you an- 
ticipate—so keep aloof from every appearance of it. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Offset its workings by intellect; remem- 
ber that you perpetually magnify dangers; let intellect tell 
Cautiousness to keep quiet; offset it by cultivating a bold, 
combative, daring spirit; encourage a don’t-care feeling, 
and ao lot-thin gs-tak e-thefr-co urse—wh y-sh oul d-I- w’orry- 
about-them ; do not indulge in so much anxiety when children 
or friends do not return as expected ; never allow a frightened, 
panic-stricken state of mind, but face apprehended evils, 
instead of quailing before them; and remember that you 
magnify every appearance of evil, APPEOB ATI VEN ESS. 
121 
12.—APPROBATIVENESS. 
Regard for character, appearances, etc.; love of praise; 
desire to excel and be esteemed; ambition ; affability; polite- 
ness ; desire to display and show' off ; sense of honor; desire 
for a good name, for notoriety, fame, eminence, distinction, 
and to be thought well of; pride of character; sensitiveness 
to the speeches of people; and love of popularity. Adapted 
to the reputable and disgraceful. Perversion—vanity ; affec- 
tation ; ceremoniousness ; aristocracy ; pomposity ; eagerness 
for popularity, outside display, etc. 
Fig. 47.—Approbativeness largo 
and Self-Esteem moderate. 
Fig. 48.—Self-Esteem large and 
Approbativeness moderate. 
VERY LARGE.—Set everything by the good opinion of 
others; are ostentatious, if not vain and ambitious; love 
praise, and are mortified by censure inordinately ; with mod- 
erate Self-Esteem and Firmness, can not breast public opin- 
ion, but are over-fond of popularity; with only average Con- 
scientiousness, seek popularity without regard to merit; but 
with large Conscientiousness, seek praise mainly for virtuous 
doings; with large Ideality, and only average Causality, seek 
praise for fashionable dress and outside appearances rather 122 
APPROB ATIVEN E6S. 
than internal merit; are both vain and fashionable as well 
as aristocratic ; starve the kitchen to stuff the parlor; with 
large Acquisitiveness, boast of riches; with.large Adhesive- 
ness, of friends; with large Language, are extra forward in 
conversation, and engross much of the time, etc. This is 
the main organ of aristocracy, exclusiveness, fashionableness, 
so-called pride, and nonsensical outside show. 
LARGE.—Love commendation, and are cut by censure; 
are keenly alive to the smiles and frowns of public opinion; 
mind what people say; strive to show off to advantage, and 
are affable, courteous, and desirous of pleasing; love to be in 
company; stand on etiquette and ceremony; aspire to do and 
become something great; set much by appearances, and are 
mortified by reproach; with large Cautiousness and moderate 
Self-Esteem, are careful to take the popular side, and fear to 
face ridicule of others; yet, with Conscientiousness and Com- 
bativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, knowing 
that it will ultimately confer honor; with large Benevolence, 
seek praise for works of philanthropy and mercy; with large 
intellectual organs, love literary and intellectual distinctions; 
with large Adhesiveness, desire the good opinion of friends, 
yet care little for that of others ; with large Self-Esteem, Com- 
bativeness large, stick to the right, though unpopular, knowing, 
seek public life, want all the praise, and hate rivals ; with largo 
perceptives, take a forward part in literary and debating soci- 
eties ; with large Combativeness, Hope, and activity, will not 
be outdone, but rather work till completely exhausted, and are 
liable to over-do, in order to eclipse rivals. 
\FULL.—Value the estimation of others, yet will not go far 
after it; seek praise in the direction of the larger organs, yet 
care little for it in that of the smaller; are not aristocratic, yet 
like to make a fair show in the world; with large Adhesive- 
ness, love the praise and can not endure the censure of 
friends; with large Conscientiousness, set much by moral 
character, and wish to be praised for correct motives; yet, 
with moderate Acquisitiveness, care little for the name of 
being rich; with large Benevolence and intellectual organs 
desire to be esteemed for evincing talent in doing good. 
AVERAGE.—Show only a respectable share of this faculty, 
except when it is powerfully wrought upon by praise or re- APPROBATIVENESS. 
123 
proach ; are mortified by censure, yet not extremely so, and 
call the other faculties to justify; are not particularly ambi- 
tious, yet by no means deficient; and not insensible to com- 
pliments, yet can not well be inflated by praise. 
MODERATE.—Feel some, but no great, regard for popu- 
larity ; and evince this faculty only in connection with the 
larger organs ; with large Self-Esteem and firmness, are inflex- 
ible and austere ; and with large Combativoness and small 
Agreeableness, lack civility and complaisance to others; dis- 
dain to flatter and can not be flattered, and should cultivate 
a pleasing mode of address. 
SMALL.—Care little for the opinions of others, even of 
friends; are comparatively insensible to praise; disregard 
style and fashion; despise etiquette and formal usages; never 
ask what will persons think, and put on no outside appearances 
for their own sake ; with large Self-Esteem, firmness, and Com- 
bativeness, are destitute of politeness, devoid of ceremony, 
and not at all flexible or pleasing in manners; with large 
Combativeness and Conscientiousness, go for the right, regard- 
less of popularity, and are always making enemies; say and do 
things in so graceless a manner as often to displease; with 
large Acquisitiveness and Sell-Esteem, though wealthy, make 
no boast of it, and are as commonplace in conduct as if 
poor, etc. 
VERY SMALL.—Care almost nothing for reputation, praise, 
or censure. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Remember that you often stand in 
your own light by caring little for the speeches of people, for 
appearance and character; and cherish a higher regard for 
public opinion, for your character and standing among men, 
for a good name, and do nothing in the least to tarnish your 
reputation, but cultivate a winning, politic, pleasant manner 
toward all, as if you would ingratiate yourself into their good- 
will. 
TO RESTRAIN. Remember that you are infinitely too 
sensitive to reproof; that your feelings are often hurt when 
there is no occasion ; that you often feel neglected or reproved 
without cause; that evil-speaking breaks no bones, and will 
ultimately thwart itself ; lay aside that affected, artificial, nippy 
style of manner and speaking; be more natural; walk, act, 124 
SELF-ESTEEM. 
feel as if alone, not forever looked at; be less particular about 
dress, style, appearance, etc., and less mindful of praise and 
blame; subject Approbativeness to conscience—that is, do 
what is right, and let people say what they like ; be more inde- 
pendent, and less ambitious and sensitive to praise and flattery. 
13 .—SELF -ESTEEM. 
Self-appreciation and valuation; self-respect, self-reliance; 
magnanimity ; nobleness ; independence ; dignity ; self-satis- 
faction and complacency ; love of liberty and power; an aspir- 
Fig. 49.—Large. 
Fig. 50.—Small* 
ing, self-elevating, ruling instinct; pride of character; manli- 
ness ; lofty-mindedness, and desire for elevation. Adapted 
to the superiority, greatness, and exalted dignity of human 
nature. Perversion—egotism ; hauteur ; forwardness ; tyranny ; 
superciliousness; imperiousness. 
VERY LARGE.—Have the highest respect for self; place 
special stress on the personal pronouns; carry a high head, 
and walk so straight as to lean backward; have a restless, 
boundless ambition to be and do some great thing; with only 
full intellect, have more ambition than talents, and are proud, 
pompous, supercilious, and imperious, and with Hope large, 125 
must operate on a great scale or none, and launcli out too 
deeply; with Approbativeness large, are most aristocratic; 
and with only fair intellect, are a swell-head and great brag, 
and put self above everybody else; with only average Appro- 
bativeness and Agreeableness, take no pains to smooth off 
the rough points of character, but are in every way repulsive ; 
with average Parental Love, are very domineering in the 
family, and insist upon being waited upon, obeyed, etc.; and 
should carry the head a little lower, and cultivate humility. 
\ LARGE.—Put a high estimate upon self—sayings, 
capabilities; fall back upon their own unaided resources ; will 
not take advice, but insist upon being his own master; are 
high-minded ; will never stoop, or demean self; aim high ; are 
not satisfied with moderate success, or a petty business, and 
comport and express with dignity, and perhaps with majesty; 
are perfectly self-satisfied; with large Parental Love, pride 
self in children, yet with Combativeness large, require implicit 
obedience, and are liable to be stern ; with large Adhesiveness, 
seek society, yet must lead; with large Acquisitiveness added, 
seek partnership, but must be the head of the firm ; with large 
Firmness and Combativeness, can not be driven, but insist 
upon doing their own personal Avill and pleasure, and are 
sometimes contrary and headstrong; with large Hope, think 
that anything they do can not possibly fail, because done so 
well; with large moral organs, impart a tone, dignity, aspira- 
tion, and elevation of character Avhich command universal 
respect; and Avith large intellectual faculties added, are desir- 
ous of, and Avell calculated for public life ; are a natural leader, 
but seek moral distinction,and lead the public mind ; with large 
Combati\reness, Destructiveness, Firmness, and Approbative- 
ness, loATe to be captain or general, and speak Avitli that stern- 
ness and authority which enforces obedience; Avith large ac- 
quisitiveness, aspire to be rich—the richest man in toA\rn—partly 
on account of the poAver Avealth confers; Avith large Language, 
Individuality, Firmness, and Combativeness, seek to be a 
political leader; Avith large Constructiveness, perceptives. 
Causality, and Combativenessj are well calculated to have 
the direction of men, and oversee large mechanical establish- 
ments ; with only average brain and intellect, and large selfish 
faculties, are proud, haughty, domineering, egotistical, over- 
bearing, greedy of power and dominion, etc. 
SELF-ESTEEM. 126 
SELF-ESTEEM. 
FULL.—Evince a good degree of dignity and self-respect; 
yet are not proud or haughty; with large Combativeness and 
Firmness, and Hope, rely fully upon their own energies in 
cases of emergency, yet are willing to hear advice, though 
seldom take it; conduct becomingly, and secure respect; and 
with large Combativeness and Firmness, and full Destructive- 
ness and Hope, evince much power of this faculty, hut little 
when these faculties are moderate. 
AVERAGE.—Show this faculty mainly in combination with 
those that are larger; with large Approbativeness and Firm- 
ness, and a large brain and moral organs, rarely trifle or evince 
meanness, yet are rarely conceited, and think neither too little 
nor too much of self, but place a just estimate upon their own 
capabilities; with large Adhesiveness both receive and impart 
character to friends, yet receive most; with large Conscien- 
tiousness, pride self more on moral worth than physical qual- 
ities, wealth, titles, etc.; and with large intellectual and moral 
organs, mainly for intellectual and moral excellence. 
MODERATE.—Rather underrate personal capabilities and 
worth; feel rather inferior, unworthy, and humble; lack dig- 
nity and manliness, and are apt to say and do trifling things, 
and let self down; with large intellectual and moral organs, 
lead off well when once placed in a responsible position, yet at 
first distrust their own capabilities; with large Conscientious- 
ness, Combativeness, and activity, often appear self-sufficient 
and positive because certain of being right, yet it is founded 
more on reason than egotism; with large Approbativeness, 
love to show off, yet are not satisfied with self ; go abroad after 
praises, rather than feel internally conscious of personal mer- 
its ; are apt to boast, because more desirous of the estimation of 
others than conscious of personal worth ; Avith large moral and 
intellectual powers, have exalted thoughts and aspirations, 
and communicate well, yet often detract from them by com- 
monplace phrases and undignified expressions; will be too 
familiar to be respected in proportion to merit, and should 
vigorously cultivate this faculty by banishing mean, and cul- 
tivating high, thoughts of self. 
SMALL.—Feel diminutive; lack elevation and dignity of 
tone and manner; place too Ioav estimate on self, and, with 
Approbativeness large, are too anxious to appear well in the eyes of others; with large Combativeness and Destructiveness, 
show some self-reliance when provoked or placed in responsi- 
ble positions, yet lack that dignity and tone which commands 
universal respect, and give cababilily to lead off in society; 
lack self-confidence and weight of character; shrink from 
responsible and great undertakings, from a feeling of un- 
worthiness; underrate self, and are therefore undervalued by 
others, and feel insignificant, as if in the way, or trespassing 
upon others, and hence often apologize, and should culti- 
vate this faculty. 
VERY SMALL.—Feel little, and manifest none of this 
faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Say of yourself what Black Hawk said 
to Jackson : “ I am a man.” Be endowed with the ennobling 
elements of humanity ; try to realize how exalted those human 
endowments have been conferred on you, and hence duly to 
estimate yourself, physically, intellectually, morally ; recount 
your good traits, and cultivate self-valuation in view of them ; 
pride yourself on what you are, but never indulge self-abase- 
ment because not dressed, because not as rich or stylish as 
others; be less humble toward men, but hold up your head 
among them, as if good enough for any; assume the attitude 
of self-esteem—study its phrenological definition, and culti- 
vate the self-esteem feeling. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Bear in mind that you probaby esteem 
yourself much better than you really are; that you overrate 
all ycur powers, and are too forward and self-confident; that 
more modesty would improve you; that you incline too much 
to be arbitrary and domineering; that you are more faulty 
than you suppose, and need humility. 
kIRMXESS. 
Stability ; decision ; perseverance ; fixedness of purpose; 
tenacity of will, and aversion to change. Adapted to man’s 
requisition for holding out to the end. Perversion—obstinacy ; 
wilfulness; mulishness; stubbornness; unwillingness to 
change even when reason requires. 
VERY LARGE.—Are well-nigh obstinate, stubborn; and 
with large Combativeness and Self-Esteem, as unchangeable 
as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and can neither bo 
14.-FIRMNESS. 128 
persuaded nor driven; with large activity, power, brain, and 
intellectual organs, are well calculated to carry forward 
some great work which requires the utmost determination 
and energy; with large Causality, can possibly be turned by 
potent reasons, yet by nothing else. 
\ LARGE.—Are set and wilful; stick to and carry out what is 
commenced ; hold on long and hard; continue to the end, and 
may be fully relied upon : with full Self-Esteem and large 
Combativeness, can not be driven, but the more forced 
the more resistant; with large Combativeness and De- 
structiveness, add perseverance to stability, and not only 
FIRMNESS. 
Fig. 51.—Large. 
Fig. 52.—Small. 
hold on, but drive forward determinedly through difficulties; 
with large Hope, undertake much, and carry all out; with 
large Cautiousness and Causality, are careful and judicious 
in laying plans and forming opinions, yet rarely change; 
may seem to waver until the mind is fully made up, but are, 
afterwards, the more unchanging; with Hope very large, and 
Cautiousness and Causality only average, decide quickly, 
even rashly, and refuse to change; with Adhesiveness and 
Benevolence large, are easily persuaded, epecially by friends, 
yet can not be driven ; and with large Cautiousness, Combat- 
iveness, Causality, perceptives, activity and power, will gener- 
ally succeed, because Aviso in planning and persevering in exe- 
cution ; with Combativeness and Self-Esteem large, and Causal- FIRMNESS. 
ity only average, will not see the force of opposing arguments, 
but tenaciously adhere to affirmed opinions and purposes; 
with large Conscientiousness and Combativeness, are doubly 
decided wherever right or justice is concerned, and in such 
cases will never give one inch, but will stand out in argu- 
ment, effort, or as a juryman till the last. 
FULL.—With Firmness large, show a great degree of de- 
cision when this faculty works with large organs, but not 
otherwise; with Ccmbativeness and Conscientiousness large, 
show great fixedness where right and truth are concerned, 
yet with Acquisitiveness moderate, lack perseverance in 
money matters; with moderate Combativeness and Self- 
Esteem, are easily turned; and with large Adhesiveness and 
Benevolence, too easily persuaded even against their better 
judgment; with Cautiousness and Approbativeness large, or 
very large, often evince fickleness, irresolution, and procras- 
tination ; and with an uneven head, and an excitable tem- 
perament, often appear deficient in this faculty. 
AVERAGE.—When supported by large Combativeness or 
Conscientiousness, or Causality, or Acquisitiveness, etc., show 
a good degree of this faculty; but when opposed by large 
Cautiousness, Approbativeness, or Adhesiveness, evince its 
deficiency, and have not enough for great undertakings. 
MODERATE.—Rather lack perseverance, even when the 
stronger facidties support it; but, when they do not, evince 
fickleness, irresolution, indecision, and lack perseverance; 
with Adhesiveness large, are too easily persuaded and influ- 
enced by friends; with large Cautiousness and Approbative- 
ness, and moderate or small Self-Esteem, are flexible and 
fickle, and go with the current. 
SMALL.—With activity great, and the head uneven, are 
fitful, impulsive, and, like the weather-vane, shift with every 
changing breeze, and are ruled by the other faculties, and as 
unstable as water. 
VERY SMALL.—Are changed by the slightest motives, and 
a perfect creature of circumstances, and accomplishes nothing 
requiring perseverance. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Have more a mind of your own; make 
up your mind wisely, and then stand to your purpose ; be sure 
you are right, then hold on ; surmount difficulties, instead of 130 
turning aside to avoid them ; resist the persuasions of others \ 
begin nothing not worthy of finishing, and finish all you be- 
gin. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Remember that you are too obstinate and 
persistent—often to your own loss ; at least listen to the advice 
of others, and duly consider it, and govern Firmness by 
Intellect and Conscience, not allowing it to govern them. 
V.-MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS, 
consisting of Conscientiousness, Hope, Spirituality, Venera- 
tion, Benevolence. These render man a moral, accountable 
being—humanize, adorn, and elevate his nature; connect him 
with the moral nature of things; create his higher and nobler 
faculties; beget aspirations after goodness, virtue, purity and 
moral principle, and ally him to angels and to God. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Yield implicit obedience to the higher, 
better sentiments of your nature; cultivate a respect for 
religion ; lead a moral, spotless life; cultivate all the human 
virtues; especially study and contemplate nature, and yield 
yourself to those elevating influences enkindled thereby; cul- 
tivate adoration and love of the Deity in His works; study 
natural religion, and make your life as pure, right, true, and 
good as possible. 
TO RESTRAIN.—To avoid becoming morbid in the action 
of the moral sentiments, and to obviate it when it exists, sub- 
ject Benevolence or generosity, justice or conscientious scru- 
ples, Veneration or devotion, Spirituality or faith, to the 
guidance of intellect; and be more selfish, or at least less self- 
sacrificing—think more of material things. 
15.—CONSCIEN TIOUSNESS. 
Moral principle; integrity ; perception and love of right; 
innate sense of accountability and obligation; love of jus- 
tice and truth; regard for duty; desire for moral purity 
and excellence ; disposition to fulfill promises; agreements, 
etc.; that internal monitor which approves the right and con- 
demns the wrong; sense of guilt; penitence; contrition; 
MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
131 
desire to reform. Adapted to the rightness of right, and 
the wrongness of wrong, and to the moral nature and con- 
stitution of things. Perverted, it makes one do wrong from 
conscientious scruples, and torments with undue self-con- 
demnation. 
VERY LARGE.—Place moral excellence at the head of all 
excellence; make duty everything; are governed by the 
highest order of moral principle; would on no account know- 
ingly do wrong; are scrupulously exact in all matters of 
right; perfectly honest in motive; always condemning self 
and repenting, and very forgiving to those who evince peni- 
Fig. 53.—Large. 
Fig. 54.—Small. 
tence, but inexorable without; with Combativeness large, 
evince the utmost indignation at the wrong, and drive the 
right with great force, are censorious, make but little allow- 
ance for the faults and follies of mankind, and show extra- 
ordinary moral courage and fortitude; with small Secretive- 
ness and an active temperament, are liable to denounce evil- 
doers; with large Friendship, can not tolerate the least thing 
wrong in friends, and are liable to reprove them; with large 
Parental Love, exact too much from children, and with large 
Combativeness, are too liable to blame them; with large 
Cautiousness, are often afraid to do, for fear of doing wrrong; 
with large Veneration, reasoning faculties, and Language, 132 
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
are natural theologians, and take the highest pleasure in 
reasoning and conversing upon all things having a moral 
and religious bearing; with Veneration average, and Benev- 
olence large or very large, can not well help being thorough- 
going reformers, ect. 
LARGE.—Love the right as right, and hate the wrong 
because wrong; are honest, faithful, upright in motive; mean 
Avell; consult duty before expediency: feel guilty when con- 
scious of having done wrong; ask forgiveness for the past, 
and try to do better in the future; with strong propensities, 
Avill sometimes do wrong, but be exceedingly sorry therefor; 
and, with a wrong education added, are liable to do AATong, 
thinking it right, because these propensities warp conscience, 
yet mean Avell; Avith large Cautiousness, are solicitous to knoAV 
AA'hat is right, and careful to do it; with AA’eaker Cautiousness, 
sometimes do wrong carelessly or indifferently, yet after- 
Avards repent it; Avilh large Cautiousness and Destructiveness, 
are severe on AATong-doers, and unrelenting until they ev'ince 
penitence, and then cordially forgive; with large Approba- 
tiveness, keep the moral character pure and spotless—Aralue 
others on their morals more than wealth, birth, etc., and make 
their Avoid their bond ; with large Benevolence, Combativeness, 
and Destructiv'eness, feel great indignation and severity 
against oppressors, and those avIio cause others to suffer by 
Avronging them; AA'ith large Ideality, have strong aspirations 
after moral purity and excellence; AA'ith large reasoning 
organs, take great pleasure, and shoAv much talent in reason- 
ing upon and investigating moral subjects, etc. 
\ FULL.—IlaA'e good conscientious feelings, and correct gen- 
eral intentions, yet are not quite as correct in action as inten- 
tions ; mean Avell, yet AA'ith large Combativeness, Destructive- 
ness. Amativeness, etc., may sometimes yield to these facul- 
ties, especially if the system is somewhat inflamed; with 
large Acquisitiveness, make \Tery close bargains, and Avail 
take such advantages as are common in business, yet do not 
intend to wrong others out of their just dues, still have more 
regard for money than justice; Avith large intellectual organs, 
lo\re to reason upon subjects AA’here right* and duty are 
involved, yet too often take the ground of expediency, and 
fail to allow right its due weight; and should neATer allow 
conscience to be in any Avray weakened, but cultivate it 
assiduously. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 
133 
AVERAGE.—When not tempted by stronger faculties, do 
about right; generally justify self, and do not feel par- 
ticularly indignant at the wrong; or commendatory of the 
right; with large Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, may do 
the honorable thing, yet where honor and right clash, will 
choose the former; with only average Combativeness and 
Destructiveness, allow many wrong things to pass unrebuked, 
or even unresented, and showr no great moral indignation or 
force; with moderate or small Secretiveness and Acquisitive- 
ness, and large Approbativeness, Benevolence, and Ideality, 
will do as nearly right, and commit as few errors as those 
with Secretiveness, Acquisitiveness, and Conscientiousness 
all large, and may be trusted, especially on honor, yet will 
rarely feel guilty, and should never be blamed, because 
Approbativeness wi 11 be mortified before conscience is con- 
victed ; with large propensities, especially Secretiveness and 
Acquisitiveness, and only full Benevolence, are selfish; 
should be dealt with cautiously, and thoroughly bound in 
writing, because liable to be slippery, tricky, etc.; and should 
cultivate this faculty by never allowing the propensities to 
overcome it, and by always considering things in the moral 
aspect. 
MODERATE.—Have some regard for duty in feeling, but 
less in practice; justify self; are not very penitent or for- 
giving; even temporize with principle, and sometimes let 
interest ride duty. 
SMALL.—Have few conscientious scruples, and little peni- 
tence, gratitude, or regard for moral principle, justice, duty, 
etc., and are governed mainly by the laiger faculties: with 
large propensities, and only average Veneration and Spiritu- 
ality, evince a marked deficiency of moral principle; with 
moderate Secretiveness and Acquisitiveness, and only full 
Destructiveness and Combativeness, and Large Adhesiveness, 
Approbativeness, Benevolence, Ideality, and Intellect, and a 
Lne temperament, may live a tolerably blameless life, yet, on 
close scrutiny, will lack the moral feeling, but may be safely 
trusted, because true to promises; that is, conscience having 
less to contend with, its deficiency is Jess observable. Such 
should most earnestly cultivate this faculty. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost wholly destitute of moral 
feeling, and wholly controlled by the other faculties. 134 
HOPE 
TO CULTIVATE.—Always ask yourself what is right and 
wrong, and adhere closely to the former, and studiously avoid 
the latter; make everything a matter of principle; do just as 
nearly right as you know how in everything, and never allow 
conscience to be borne down by any of the other faculties, 
but keep it supreme; maintain the right everywhere and for 
everybody; cultivate a high sense of duty and obligation, 
and try to reform very error—in short, “ let justice be done, 
though the heavens fall.” 
TO RESTRAIN.—Remember that you are too exact and 
exacting in everything; that you often think you see faults 
when there are none; that you carry duty and right to- a1 
boundless extreme, and so far as to make it wrong; that you 
are too condemnatory, and need to cultivate a lenient, for- 
bearing, forgiving spirit; that you trouble yourself unduly 
about the wrong-doing of others; that you often accuse people 
of meaning worse than they really intend—look at minor 
faults as mountains of wrong; are too censorious; too apt 
to throw away the gold on account of dross; to discard the 
greater good on account of lesser attendant evils; too liable 
to a feeling of guilt and unworthiness, as if unfit to live, and 
too con science-stricken. Extreme Conscientiousness, with 6 
or 7 organic quality, and large Combativeness, along with 
disordered nerves or dyspepsia, makes one of the most un- 
pleasant of characters—querulous, everlastingly grumbling 
about nothing, magnifying everybody’s faults, thus making 
mischief among neighbors; perpetually accusing everybody, 
and chiding children for mere trifles; too rapid in matters of 
reform, and violent in denouncing its opponents—of whom 
rabid radicals, punctilious religionists, and old maids furnish 
examples. 
16.-HOPE. 
Expectation ; anticipation of future success and happiness. 
Adai)ted to man’s relations with the future. Perverted, it 
becomes visionary and castle-building. 
VERY LARGE.—Have unbounded expectations; build a 
world of castles in the air; live in the future; enjoy things 
in anticipation more than possession ; with small Continuity, 
have too many irons in the fire; with an active temperament 
added, take on more business than can be worked-off properly ; HOPE, 
135 
are too much hurried to do things in season; with large 
Acquisitiveness, are grasping, counting chickens before they 
are hatched, and often two to the egg at that; with only aver- 
age Cautiousness are always in hot water; never stop to enjoy 
what is possessed, but grasp after more, and veill never ac- 
complish much, because undertake too much, and in taking 
one step forward, often slip two steps back. 
LARGE.—Expect much from the future; contemplate with 
pleasure the bright features of life’s picture; never despond; 
overrate prospective good, and underrate and overlook ob- 
stacles and evils; calculate on more than the nature of the 
case will warrant; expect, and hence attempt, a great deal, 
Fig. 55.—Large. 
Fig. 56.—Small. 
and are therefore always full of business; are sanguine, and 
rise above present trouble by hoping for better things in 
future, and though disappointed, hope on still; build some 
air-castles, and live in the future more than present; with 
large Combativeness, Firmness, and Causality, are enterpris- 
ing, never give up the ship, but struggle manfully through 
difficulties; and with large Approbativeness, and full Self- 
Esteem added, feel adequate to difficulties, and grapple with 
them spiritedly'; with large Self-Esteem, think that every- 
thing attempted must succeed, an cl with large Causality added, 
consider their plans well-nigh perfect; with large Acquisitive- 
ness, lay out money freely in view of future gain; with large 136 
Approbativeness and Self-Esteem, hope for renown, honor, 
etc.; with large Veneration and Spirituality, hope to attain 
exalted moral excellence, and should check it by acting on 
only half it promises, and reasoning against it. 
\ FULL.—Expect considerable, yet realize more; undertake 
no more than can be accomplished; are quite sanguine and 
enterprising, yet with Cautiousness large are always on the safe 
side; with large Acquisitiveness added, invest money freely, 
yet always safely ; make good bargains, if any, and count all 
the cost, yet are not afraid of expenses where they will more 
than pay ; with larger animal organs than moral, will hope 
more for this world’s goods than for another, and with larger 
moral than animal, for another state of being than this, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Expect and attempt too little, rather than too 
much ; with large Cautiousness, dwell more on difficulties than 
encouragements; are contented with the present rather than 
lay out for the future; with large Acquisitiveness added, in- 
vest money very safely, if at all, and prefer to put it out se- 
curely on interest rather than risk it in business, except in a 
perfectly sure business; will make money slowly, yet lose lit- 
tle ; and with large intellectual organs, in the long run may ac- 
quire considerable wealth. 
MODERATE.—With large Cautiousness, make few promises; 
but with large Conscientiousness, scrupulously fulfill them, be- 
cause promise only what can be performed; with small Self- 
Esteem, and large Veneration, Conscientiousness, and Cau- 
tiousness, if a professed Christian, will have many fears as to 
bis future salvation ; with only average propensities, will lack 
energy, enterprise, and fortitude; with large Firmness and 
Cautiousness, are very slow to embark, yet once committed, 
rarely give up; with large reasoning faculties, may be sure of 
success because see why and how it is to be brought about; with 
large Acquisitiveness, will hold on to whatever money is once 
acquired, or at least spend very cautiously, and only where sure 
to be returned with interest; should cheer up, never despond, 
count favorable, but not unfavorable chances, keep up a lively, 
buoyant state of mind, and “hope on, hope ever.” 
SMALL.—Expect and undertake very little ; with large Cau- 
tiousness, put off till it is too late; are always behind; may 
embark in projects after overbody else has succeeded, but will 
then be too late, and in general knock at the door just after it 
HOPE. SPIRITUALITY. 
137 
has been bolted ; with large Cautiousness, are forever in doubt; 
with large Approbativeness and Cautiousness, though most de- 
sirous of praise, have little hope of obtaining it, and therefore 
exceedingly backward in society, yet fear ridicule rather than 
hope for praise; are easily discouraged; see lions in the way ; 
lack enterprise ; magnify obstacles, etc. 
VERY SMALL.—Expect next to nothing, and undertake 
less. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Look altogether on the bright side, the 
dark none; calculate all the chances for, none against you; 
mingle in young and lively society ; banish care, and cultivate 
juvenility ; cheer up ; venture more in business ; cultivate trust 
in the future, and “look aloft!” 
TO RESTRAIN.—Offset excessive expectation by intellect; 
say to yourself, “ My hope so far exceeds realities that I shall 
not get half I expect,” and calculate accordingly; do business 
on the cash principle, in buying and selling, otherwise you are 
in danger of being swamped—cf buying more than you can pay 
for, and indorsing too much; build no castles in the air; in- 
dulge no revelings of hope ; shoulder only half the load you 
feel confident you can carry, and balance your visionary anti- 
cipations by cool judgment. 
Faith; prescience; the “light within;” trust in prophetic 
guidings; perception and feeling of the spiritual; interior per- 
ception of truth, what is best, what is about to transpire, etc. 
Adapted to man’s prophetic gift and a future life. Perversion 
—superstition; witchcraft; and wi.h Cautiousness large, fear 
of ghosts. 
VERY LARGE.—Are led and governed by a species of pro- 
phetic guidance; feel by intuition wlrat is right and best; are 
forewarned of danger, and led by spiritual monition into the 
right way; feel internally what is. true and false, right and 
wrong, best and not best; unless well regulated, are too cred- 
ulous, superstitious, and a believer in dreams, ghosts, and won- 
ders., and liable to be misled by them and so-called prophecies, 
as well as to become fanatical on religion. 
LARGE.—Perceive and know things independent of the 
17.-SPIRITUALITY. 138 
SPIRITUALITY. 
senses or intellect, or, as it were, by prophetic intuition ; exper- 
ience an internal consciousness of what is best, and that spir- 
itual communion which constitutes the essence of piety; love 
to meditate; experience a species of waking clairvoyance, as 
it were “forewarned;” combined with large Veneration, hold 
intimate communion with the Deity, who is profoundly adored ; 
and take a world of pleasure in that calm, happy, half-ecstatic 
state of mind caused by this faculty ; with large Causality, per- 
ceive truth by intuition, which philosophical tests prove cor- 
rect ; with large Comparison added, have a deep and clear in- 
sight into spiritual subjects, and embody a vast amount of the 
Fig. 57.—Large. 
Fig. 58.—Small. 
highest order of truth; and clearly perceive and fully realize 
a spiritual state of being after death. 
\ FULL.—Have a full share of high, pure, and spiritual feel- 
ing; many premonitions or interior warnings and guidings, 
which, implicitly followed, conduct to success and happiness 
through life; have an inner test or touchstone of truth, right, 
etc., in a kind of interior consciousness, which is independent 
of reason, yet, unperverted, in harmony with it; are quite spir- 
itual-minded, and, as it were, “ led by the Spirit.” 
AVERAGE.—Have some spiritual premonitions and guid- 
ings, yet they are not always sufficiently distinct to secure be- 
ing followed ; but, when followed, they lead correctly ; see the VENERATION. 
139 
light within, and feel what is. true and best with tolerable dis- 
tinctness, and should cultivate this faculty by following its 
light. 
MODEEATE.-IIave some but not very distinct perception of 
spiritual things; rather lack faith; believe mainly from evi- 
dence, and little from intuition; with large Causality, say 
“ prove it,” and take no man’s say unless he gives good rea- 
sons. 
SMALL.—Perceive spiritual truths so indistinctly as rarely 
to admit them: are not guided by faith, because so wreak; like 
disbelieving Thomas, must see the fullest proof before believ- 
ing ; have very little credulity, and doubt things of superhu- 
man origin or nature; have no premonitions, and disbelieve in 
them. 
VERY SMALL.—Have no spiritual guidings or supersti- 
tions. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Muse and meditate on divine things— 
the Deity, a future existence, the state of man after death, im- 
mortality, and that class of subjects ; and, especially, follow 
your innermost impressions or presentiments in everything, 
as well as open your mind to the intuitive reception of truth. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Cultivate the terrestrial more and celestial 
less; abstain from and restrain spiritual musings and contem- 
plations, and confine yourself more to the practical, tangible, 
and real; keep away from fanatical meetings and confine your- 
self more to life as it is—to what and where you are, instead of 
are to be—to earth, its. duties and pleasures. 
18.-VENERATION. 
Devotion ; adoration of a Supreme Being ; reverence for re- 
ligion and things sacred; disposition to pray, worship, and ob- 
serve religious rites. Adapted to the existence of a God, and 
the pleasures and benefits experienced by man in worshipping 
him. Perverted, it produces idolatry, superstitious reverence 
for authority, bigotry, religious intolerance, etc. 
VERY LARGE.—Experience the highest degree of Divine 
love and worship ; place God as supreme upon the throne of the 
soul, and make his worship a central duty ; manifest extreme 140 
VENERATION. 
fervor, anxiety, and delight in divine worship, and are pre-em- 
inently fervent in prayer; obsequious reverence for age, for 
time-honored forms, ceremonies, and institutions ; with moder- 
ate Self-Esteem, and large Conscientiousness and Cautious- 
ness, and a disordered temperament, experience the utmost un- 
worthiness and guiltiness in his sight, and are crushed by a 
sense of guilt and vileness, especially before God, yet should 
never cherish these feelings; are always dreading the wrath of 
Heaven, no matter whether their actions are right or wrong; 
and should cultivate religious cheerfulness and hope of future 
happiness. 
Fig. 59.—Large. 
Fig. 60.—Small. 
LAIiGE.—Experience an awe of God and things sacred ; love 
to adore the Supreme Being, especially in his works; feel 
true devotion, fervent piety, and love of divine things; take 
great delight in religious exercises; have much respect for 
superiority ; regard God as the center of hopes, fears, and 
aspirations; with large Hope and Spirituality, worship Him 
as a spirit, and hope to be with and like Him; with large 
Ideality, contemplate his works with rapture and ecstasy; 
with large Sublimity, adore Him as infinite in everything ; 
with large reasoning organs have clear, and, if the faculties 
are unperverted, correct ideas of the Divine character and 
government, and delight to reason thereon; with large Paren- 
tal Love, adore Him as a friend and father; and with large VENERATION. 
Benevolence, for his infinite goodness, etc.; with large Caus- 
ality added, as securing the happiness of sentient beings by 
a wise institution of law, and as the great first cause of all 
things; with large and perverted Cautiousness, mingle fear 
and dread with worship; with large Constructiveness and 
Causality, admire the system evinced in his architectural 
plans, contrivances, etc. 
V FULL.—Experience a good degree of religious worship 
whenever circumstances excite this faculty, and allow the 
stronger faculties frequently to divert it, yet pray at least 
internally : with laige or very large Conscience or Benevolence, 
place religion in doing right and doing good more than in 
religious observances, and esteem duties higher than cere- 
monies ; with strong propensities, may be devout upon the 
Sabbath, yet will be worldly through the week, and experience 
some conflict between the religious and worldly aspirations. 
AVEEAGE.—Will adore the Deity, yet often make religion 
subservient to the larger faculties; with large Adhesiveness, 
Benevolence, and Conscience, may love religious meetings, 
to meet friends, and pray for the good of mankind, or because 
duty requires their attendance; yet are not habitually and 
innately devotional, except when this faculty is especally ex- 
cited by circumstances. 
MODEEATE.—Will not be particularly devout or worship- 
ful ; with large Benevolence and Conscientiousness, if relig- 
iously educated, may be religious, yet will place religion more 
in works than faith, in duty than prayer, and be more moral 
than pious; in prayer will supplicate blessings upon manknd, 
and with Conscientiousness large, will confess sin more than 
express an awe of God; with large reflectives, worship no fur- 
ther than reason precedes worship; with moderate Spirituality 
and Conscientiousness, care little for religion as such, but 
with large Benevolence, place religion mainly in doing good, 
etc.; and are by no means conservative in religion, but take 
liberal views of religious subjects; and are religious only 
when this faculty is considerably excited. 
SMALL.—Experience little devotion or respect, and are 
deficient in fervor; care little for religious observances, and 
are not easily impressed with the worshipping sentiment. 142 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost destitute of the feeling and 
practice of this sentiment. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Study and admire the divine in nature, 
animate and inanimate, heaven and earth, man and things, 
present and future; cultivate admiration and adoration of the 
Divine character and government, of this stupendous order 
of things, of the beauties and perfections of nature, as well as 
a regard for religion and things sacred; but contemplate the 
Divine mercy and goodness rather than austerity, and salva- 
tion than condemnation. 
TO RESTRAIN is rarely, if ever, necessary, unless where re- 
ligious excitement endangers religious fanaticism and hallu- 
cination. In such cases avoid religious meetings, conversa- 
tions, etc., as much as possible; cultivate the other faculties, 
and especiallv tljose which relate to this world and its pleas- 
ures ; take those physical remedies, exercise, bathing, etc. 
which will withdraw blood from the head, and promote health ; 
and especially do think of the Deity with feelings of awe, 
fear, or terror, but as a kind and loving heavenly Father, 
good to all his creatures. 
19 .-BENEVOLENCE. 
Sympathy; kindness; humanity; desire to make others 
happy ; a self-sacrificing disposition ; philanthropy ; generos- 
ity ; the accommodating, neighborly spirit. Adapted to man’s 
capability of making his fellow-men happy. Perversion- 
misplaced sympathies. 
VERY LARGE.—Are deeply and thoroughly imbued with a 
benevolent spirit, and do good spontaneously; with large 
Adhesiveness and moderate Acqusitiveness, are too ready to 
help friends ; and with large Hope added, especially inclined to 
indorse for them; with large Acquisitiveness, bestow time 
more freely than money, yet will also give the latter; but 
with only average or full Acquisitiveness, freely bestow both 
substance and personal aid; witli large Veneration and only 
full Acquisitiveness, give freely to religious objects; with 
large Combativeness and Destructiveness, are more severe in 
word than deed, and threaten more than execute; with larger 
moral than animal organs, literally overflow with sympathy 
and practical goodness, and reluctantly cause others trouble; 
BENEVOLENCE. with large reasoning organs, are truly philanthropic, and take 
broad views of reformatory measures; with large Adhesive- 
ness and Parental Love, are pre-eminently qualified for nurs- 
ing ; with large Causality, give excellent advice, etc., and 
should not let sympathy overrule judgment. 
V LARGE.—Delight to do good; make personal sacrifices to 
render others happy; can not witness pain or distress, and 
do what can well be done to relieve them; manifest a perpet- 
ual flow of disinterested goodness; with large Adhesiveness, 
Ideality, and Approbativenesss, and only average propensities 
and Self-Esteem, are remarkable for practical goodness; live 
BENEVOLENCE. 
143 
more for others than self; with large domestic organs, make 
great sacrifices for family; with large reflectives, are perpet- 
ually reasoning on the evils of society, the way to obviate 
them, and to render mankind happy ; with large Adhesiveness, 
are hospitable; with moderate Destructiveness, can not wit- 
ness pain or death, and revolt at capital punishment; with 
moderate Acquisitiveness, give freely to the needy, and never 
exact dues from the poor; with large Acquisitiveness, help 
others to help themselves rather than give money; with large 
Combativeness, Destructiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, 
at times evince harshness, yet generally are kindly disposed. 
\ FULL.—Show a good degree of kind, neighborly, and hu- 
Fig 61.—Large. 
Fig. 62.—Small. 144 
BENEVOLENCE. 
mane feeling, except when the selfish faculties overrule it, 
yet are not remarkable for disinterestedness; with large Ad- 
hesiveness, manifest kindness towards friends; and with large 
Combativeness and Destructiveness, are unrelenting toward 
enemies; with large Acquisitiveness, are benevolent when 
money can be made thereby; with large Conscientiousness, 
are more just than kind, and with large Combativeness and 
Destructiveness, are exacting and severe toward offenders. 
AVERAGE.—Manifest kindness only in conjunction with 
Adhesiveness and other large organs; and with only full Ad- 
hesiveness, if kind, are so for selfish purposes; with large 
Acquisitiveness, give little or nothing, yet may sometimes do 
favors; with large Veneration, are more devout than humane; 
and with only full reasoning organs are neither philanthropic 
nor reformatory. 
MODERATE.—Allow the selfish faculties to infringe upon 
the happiness of with large Combativeness, Destruc- 
tiveness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness, are comparatively hard- 
ened to suffering ; and with Acquisitiveness and Secretiveness 
added, evince almost unmitigated selfishness. 
SMALL.—Care little for the happiness of man or brute, 
and do still less to promote it j make no disinterested self- 
sacrifices ; are callous to human woe; do few acts of kindness, 
and those grudgingly, and have unbounded selfishness. 
VERY SMALL.—Feel little and evince none of this senti- 
ment, but are selfish in proportion as the other faculties 
prompt. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Be more generous and less selfish ; more 
kind to others, the sick included; interest yourself in their 
wrants and woes, as well as their relief; and cultivate general 
philanthropy and practical goodness in sentiment and con- 
duct; indulge benevolence in all the little affairs of life, in 
every look and action, and season your whole conduct and 
character with this sentiment. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Lend and indorse only where you are 
■willing and can afford to lose; give and do less freely than you 
naturally incline to; bind yourself solemnly not to indorse 
beyond a given sum; harden yourself against the woes and 
sufferings of mankind; avoid waiting much on the sick, lest 
you make yourself sick thereby, for your Benevolence is in THE SELF-PERFECTING GROUP. 
145 
danger of exceeding your strength; be selfish first and gener- 
ous afterwards, and put Benevolence under bonds to judgment. 
VI.—THE SELF-PERFECTING GROUP, 
OR SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS, 
consisting of Constructiveness, Ideality, Sublimity, Imitation, 
Mirthfulness. 
Love of, and talent for, the fine arts; and for improvement 
in self-perfection, and obtaining and acquiring whatever is 
beautiful and perfect. 
This group elevates and chastens the animal faculties, pre- 
vents the propensities, even when strong, from taking on 
the grosser sensual forms of action, and hence is rarely found 
in criminals; elevates even the moral sentiments, and consti- 
tutes a stepping-stone from the animal to the moral, and a 
connecting link between the moral and the intellectual in 
man. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Associate with persons of wit, ingen- 
uity, and refinementj visit galleries of art and mechanism, 
scenes of beauty and perfection, and read poetry and other 
works of the most polished and refined writers. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Give more attention to the common affairs 
of life, and refrain from fostering esthetic subjects; read 
history', science, and metaphysics rather than poetry, ro- 
mance, etc. 
20.-CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 
The making instinct; the tool-using talent; sleight of hand 
in constructing things. Adapted to a man’s need of things 
made, such as houses, clothes, and manufactured articles of 
all kinds. Perverted, it wastes time and money on perpetual 
motion, and other like futile inventions. 
VERY LARGE.—Show extraordinary mechanical ingenuity, 
and a perfect passion for making everything; with large 
Imitation, Form, Size, and Locality, have first-rate talents 
as an artist, and for drawing, engraving, etc. ; and with Col- 
or added, are excellent limners; with Ideality, add elegance 
do skill; with large Causality, add invention to execution, etc. CONSTRUCTIVENRSS. 
\ LARGE.—Love to make, are able and disposed to tinker, 
mend, and fix up, build, manufacture, employ machinery, 
etc ; show mechanical skill and dexterity in whatever is done 
with the hands; with large Causality and perceptives, are 
inventive; and with large Imitation added, can make after a 
pattern, and both copy the improvements of others, and sup- 
ply defects by original inventions, as well as improve on the 
mechanical contrivances of others; with the mental temper- 
ament, and large intellectual organs and Ideality, employ 
ingenuity in constructing sentences and arranging words, 
and forming essays, sentiments, books, etc. 
Fig. 63. Large. 
Fig. 04. Small. 
FULL.—Can, when occasion requires, employ tools and use 
the hands in making, tinkering, and fixing up, and turn off 
work with skill, yet have no great natural passion or ability 
therein; with practice, can be a good workman ; without it, 
would not excel. 
AVERAGE.—Like full, only less gifted in this respect. 
MODERATE.—Are rather awkward in the use of tools, 
and in manual operations of every kind; with large Causality 
and perceptives, show more talent to invent than execute, yet 
no great in either; with the mental temperament, evince some 
mental construction, yet no great physical ingenuity. 
SMALL.—Are deficient in the tool-using capability: awk- 
ward in making and fixing up things; poor in understanding IDEALITY. 
147 
and managing machinery; take hold of work awkwardly 
and wrong end first; write poorly and lack both mental and 
physical construction. 
VERY SMALL.—Can make nothing, except in the most 
awkward manner. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Try your hand in using tools, and turn- 
ing off work of any and every kind ; if in any writing business, 
in writing well and cutting flourishes; if a mechanic, in doing 
with skill and dexterity what you undertake, etc.; observe 
and study machinery and inventions, and call out this fac- 
ulty in its various phases—that is, work. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Give yourself more to the exercise of your 
other faculties, and less to mechanical inventions and execu- 
tions ; especially abstain from chimeiical inventions, perpet- 
ual motion, and the like; and spend no more time or money 
on inventions than you can spare without inconvenience. 
21.-IDEALITY. 
Perception and admiration of the beautiful and perfect; 
good taste and refinement; purity of feeling; sense of pro- 
priety, elegance, and gentility; polish and imagination. 
Adapted to the beautful in nature and art. Perverted, it 
gives fastidiousness and extra niceness. 
VERY LARGE.—Have the highest order of taste and re- 
finement ; love the exquisite and perfect beyond expression, 
and are correspondingly dissatisfied with the imperfect, 
especially in themselves; admire beauty in bird and insect, 
flower and fruit, animal and man, the physical and mental; 
are perfectly enraptured with the impassioned, oratorical, 
and poetical in speech and action, in nature and art, and 
live much in an ideal world; have a most glowing and vivid 
imagination, and give a delicate finish and touch of perfec- 
tion to every act, word, thought, and feeling, and find few 
things to come up to their exalted standard of taste; with 
only average Causality, have more taste than solidity of 
mind and character, and more exquisitencss than sense; 
but with large reflectives, add the highest artistical style 
of expression to the highest conceptions of reason, and with 
organic quality 6 or 7, are always and involuntarily elo- 
quent. 148 
1DKAL1TY. 
J LARGE.—Appreciate and enjoy beauty and perfection wher- 
ever found, especially in nature; give grace, purity, and 
propriety to expression and conduct, gracefulness and polish 
to manners, and general good taste to all they say and do; 
are pure-minded; enjoy the ideal of poetry and romance; 
long after perfection of character, and desire to obviate 
blemishes, and with Conscientiousness large, moral imper- 
fections ; with large social organs, evince a nice sense oi 
propriety in friendly intercourse; eat in a becoming and 
genteel manner; with large moral organs, appreciate most 
highly perfection of character, or moral beauties and excel- 
Fig. 65.—Large. 
Fig. 66.—Small. 
lenoes ; with large reflectives, add a high order of sense and 
strength of mind to beauty and perfection of character; with 
large perceptives, are gifted with a talent for the study of 
nature, etc. 
FULL.—Evince a good share of taste and refinement, yet 
not a high order of them, except in those things in which it 
has been vigorously cultivated; with large Language, Even- 
tuality, and Comparison, may compose with elegance, and 
speak with much natural eloquence, yet will have more 
force of thought than beauty of diction; with large Con- 
structiveness, will use tools with considerable taste, yet 
more skill; with large Combativeness and Destructive- IDEALITY. 
149 
ness, show general refinement, except when provoked, but 
are then grating and harsh; with large moral organs, evince 
more moral beauty and harmony than personal neatness; 
with large intellectual organs, possess more beauty of mind 
than regard for looks and outside appearances, and prefer 
the sensible to the elegant and nice, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Prefer the plain and substantial to the orna- 
mental, and are utilitarian ; with large intellectual organs, 
prefer sound, solid matter to the ornaments of style, and 
appreciate logic more than eloquence; with Benevolence and 
Adhesiveness large, are hospitable, and evince true cordial- 
ity, yet care nothing for ceremony; with Approbativeness 
large, may try to be polite, but make an awkward attempt, 
and are rather deficient in taste and elegance; with Construc- 
tiveness large, make things that are solid and serviceable, 
but do not polish them off ; with Language large, talk directly 
to the purpose, without paying much attention to the mode 
of expression, etc. 
MODERATE.—Rather lack taste in manners and expres- 
sion ; have but little of the sentimental or finished; should 
cultivate harmony and perfection of character, and endeav- 
or to polish up; wTith strong propensities, evince them in 
father a coarse and gross manner, and are more liable to 
their perverted action than when this organ is large, and 
are homespun in everything. 
SMALL.—ShowT a marked deficiency in whatever appertains 
to taste and style, also to beauty and sentiment. 
VERY SMALL.—Aro almost deficient in taste, and evince 
none. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First, avoid all disgusting habits— 
swearing, chewing, and drinking, low conversation, vulgar 
expressions and associates; and dress and appear in good 
taste, and cultivate personal neatness, good behavior, refine- 
ment and style in manners, purity in feeling, the poetical and 
sentimental, an elegant and classical style of conversation, 
expression, and writing, and love of the fine arts and beautiful 
forms ; of the beauties of nature, of sunrise, sunset, mountain, 
lawn, river, scenery, beautiful birds, fruits, flowers, mechani- 
cal fabrics and productions—in short, the beautiful and per- 
fect in nature, in general, and yourself in particular. 150 
SUBLIMITY. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Remember that in you the ideal and imagi- 
native exceed the practical; that your building airy castles out 
of bubbles prevents your building substantial structures, and 
attaining useful life ends; that you are too symbolical, fastid- 
ious, and ornamental, too much tormented by a spot and 
wrinkle, too apt to discard things that are almost perfect, 
because not quite so, and hold in check the revelings of 
Ideality, and learn to prize what is right, instead of discarding 
the greater good because of minor faults. Especially do not 
refuse to associate with others because they are not in all par- 
ticulars just to your fastidious tastes. 
Fig. 67.-Large. 
Fig. 68.—Small. 
11.—SUBLIMITY 
Perception and appreciation of the Vast, Illimitable, End- 
less, Omnipotent, and Infinite. Adapted to that infinitude 
which characterizes every department of nature. Perverted, 
it leads to bombast, and a wrong application of extravagant 
words and ideas. 
VERY LARGE.—Have a literal passion for the wild, roman- 
tic, boundless, endless, infinite, eternal, and stupendous, and 
are like large, only more so. 
LARGE.—Appreciate and admire the grand, sublime, vast, 
and magnificent in nature and art; admire and enjoy exceed- SUBLIMITY. 
151 
ingly mountain scenery, thunder, lightning, tempests, vast 
prospects, and all that is awful and magnificent, also the foam- 
ing, dashing cataract, a storm at sea, the lightning’s vivid 
flash, and its accompanying thunder ; the commotion of the ele- 
ments, and the star-spangled canopy of heaven, and all mani- 
festations of omnipotence and infinitude; with large Vener- 
ation, are particularly delighted by the infinite as appertaining 
to the Deity, and his attributes and works; and with largo 
Time added, have unspeakably grand conceptions of infini- 
tude as applicable to devotion, the past and future, and the 
character and works- of the Deity ; with large intellectual 
organs, take a comprehensive view of subjects, and give illimi- 
table Scope to all mental investigations and conceptions, so 
that they will bear being carried out to any extent; and with 
Ideality large, add the beautiful and perfect to the sublime and 
infinite. 
\ FULL.—Enjoy grandeur, sublimity, and infinitude quite 
well, and impart considerable of this element to thoughts, 
emotions, and expressions, and evince the same qualities as 
large, only in a less degree. 
AVERAGE.—Possess considerable of this element, when it 
is powerfully excited, yet, under ordinary circumstances, 
manifest only an ordinary share of it. 
MODERATE.—Are rather deficient in the conception and 
appreciation of the illimitable and infinite; and with venera- 
tion moderate, fail to appreciate this element in nature and 
her Author. 
SMALL.—Show a marked deficiency in this respect, and 
should earnestly cultivate it. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost destitute of sublime emotions 
and conceptions. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Mount the lofty summit to contemplate 
the outstretched landscape; admire the grand and stupendous 
in towering mountain, rolling cloud, rushing wind and storm, 
loud thunder, majestic river, raging sea, roaring cataract, 
burning volcano, and the boundless, endless, infinite, and eter- 
nal in nature and her Author. 
TO RESTRAIN—which is rarely ever necessary—refrain 
from the contemplation of tho sublime. 152 
IMITATION. 
22.—IMITATION. 
Ability and disposition to Copy, Take Pattern, and Imitate. 
Adapted to man’s requisition for doing, talking, acting, etc., 
like others. Perverted, it copies even their faults. 
VERY LARGE.—Can mimic, act out, and pattern after 
almost anything; with large Mirthfulness, relate anecdotes to 
the very life; have a theatrical taste and talent; gesticulate 
Fig. 69.—Large. 
Fig. 70.—Small. 
almost constantly while speaking; and with large language, 
impart an uncommon amount of Expression to counte- 
nance, and everything said; with large Individuality, Eventu- 
ality, Language, Comparison, and Ideality, can make a splen- 
did speaker; and with large Mirthfulness, and full Secretive- 
ness added, can keep others in a roar of laughter, yet remain 
serious; with an uneven head, are droll and humorous in the 
extreme; with large Approbativeness, delight in being the 
sport-maker at parties, etc., and excel therein ; with large Con- 
structiveness, Form, Size, Locality, and Comparison, full 
Color, and a good temperament, and a full-sized brain, can 
make a very superior artist of almost any kind ; but with Color 
small, can engrave, draw, carve, model, etc., better than paint. 
LARGE.—Have a great propensity and ability to copy and 
take pattern from others, and do what is seen done; describe 
and act out well; with large Language, gesticulate much ; with IMITATION. 
153 
large perceptives, require to be shown but once; with large 
Constructiveness, easily learn to use tools, and to make things 
as others make them ; and with small Continuity added, are 
a jack-of-all-trades, but thorough in none; begin many things, 
but fail to finish; with large Causality, perceptives, and an 
active temperament added, may make inventions or improve- 
ments, but never dwell on one till it completes it, or are always 
adding to them; with large Approbativeness, copy after 
renowned men; with large Adhesiveness, take pattern from 
friends; with large Language, imitate the style and mode of 
expression of others; with largo Mirthfulness and full Secre- 
tiveness, create laughter by taking off the oddities of people; 
with large Form, Size, and Constructiveness, copy shape and 
proportions; with large Color, imitates colors, and thus of all 
the other faculties. 
FULL.—Copy quite well, yet not remarkably so; with largo 
Causality, had rather invent a new way of doing things than 
copy the ordinary mode, and evince considerable imitating 
talent when this faculty works in conjunction with large 
organs, yet but little otherwise. 
AVERAGE.—Can copy tolerably well when this faculty is 
strongly excited, yet are not a mimic, nor a natural copyist; 
with only full Constructiveness, evince little manual dexter- 
ity ; yet with large Causality, can originate quite well, and 
show no great disposition or ability to copy either the excel- 
lences or deficiencies of others, but prefer to be original. 
MODERATE.—Have little inclination to do what and as 
others do ; but with large Causality, prefer to strike out a new 
course, and invent an original plan of their own ; with large 
Self-Esteem added, have an excellent conceit of that plan ; but 
if Causality is only fair, are full of original devices, yet they 
do not amount to any great things. 
SMALL.—Copy even commonplace matter with extreme dif- 
ficulty and reluctance, and generally do everything in their 
own way. 
VERY SMALL.—Possess scarcely any, and manifest no dis- 
position or ability to copy anything, not even enough to learn 
to talk well. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Study and practice copying from others 
in manners, expressions, sentiments, ideas, opinions, every- 154 
thing, and try your hand at drawing, and in every species of 
copying and imitation, as well as conforming to those around 
you; that is, try to become what they are, and do what and 
as they do. 
MIRTHFULNESS. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Maintain more your own personality in 
thought, doctrine, character, everything, and be less a parrot, 
an echo, and cultivate the original and inventive in everything. 
Intuitive Perception of the absurd and ridiculous; dispo- 
sition and ability to Joke and Make Fun, and Laugh at what 
23.-MIRTIIFULNESS. 
is improper, ill-timed, or unbecoming; pleasantness; face- 
tiousness. Adapted to the absurd, inconsistent, and laughable. 
Perverted, it makes fun on solemn occasions, and where there 
is nothing ridiculous at which to laugh. 
Fig. 71.—Large. 
Fig. 72.—Small. 
VERY LARGE.—Show an extraordinary disposition and 
capacity to make fan; are aways laughing and making others 
laugh; with large Language, Comparison, Imitation, Percep- 
tives, and Adhesiveness, and moderate Self-Esteem and Secre- 
tiveness, are “ the fiddle of the companywith only average 
Ideality added, are clownish, and often say undignified, and 
perhaps low things, to raise a laugh; and with only moderate 
Causality, things that lack sense, etc. MIRTHFULNESS. 
155 
LARGE.—Enjoy a hearty laugh at the absurdities of others 
exceedingly, and delight to make fun out of everything not 
exactly proper or in good taste, and are always ready to give 
as good joke as get; with large Amativeness, love to joke 
with and about the other sex; and with large Imitation and 
Language added, to talk with and tell stories to and about 
them; with large Combativeness and Ideality added, make 
fun of their imperfections in dress, expression, manners, etc., 
and hit them off to admiration; with large Adhesiveness, 
Language, and Imitation, are excellent company; with large 
Causality, Comparison, and Combativeness, argue mainly 
by ridicule or by showing up the absurdity of the opposite 
side, and excel more in exposing the fallacy of other systems 
than in propounding new ones; with large Ideality, show 
taste and propriety in witticisms, but with this faculty average 
or less, are often gross, and with large Amativeness added, 
vulgar in jokes; with large Combativeness and Destructive- 
ness, love to tease, and are sarcastic, and make many enemies; 
and with large Comparison added, compare those disliked 
to something mean, disgusting, and ridiculous. 
\ FULL.—Possess and evince considerable of the fun-mak- 
ing disposition, especially in the direction of the larger organs ; 
with large or very large Comparison, Imitation, and Appro- 
bativeness, and moderate Self-Esteem, manifest more of the 
laughable and witty than is really possessed; may make much 
fun and be called witty, yet it will be owing more to what 
may be called drollery and pure wit; with moderate Secre- 
tiveness and Self-Esteem, and an excitable temperament, let 
fly witty conceptions on the spur of the moment, and thus 
increase their laughableness by their being wrell-timed, un- 
expected, sudden, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Are generally serious and sedate, except when 
this faculty is excited, yet then often laugh heartily, and 
evince considerable wit; with large Individuality and Lan- 
guage, often say many laughable things, yet they owe their 
wit more to argument or the criticism they embody than to 
this faculty. 
MODER. IE.—Are generally serious, sedate, and sober, 
and with large Self-Esteem, stern and dignified, nor com- 
panionable except wiien Adhesiveness is large, and in company 156 
INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 
with intimate friends; with only average Ideality and Imita- 
tion, are very poor in joking, have to expand witticisms, and 
thereby spoil them; have some witty ideas, yet lack in per- 
ceiving and expressing them; fail to please others in witti- 
cisms, and with large Approbativeness and Combativeness, 
are liable to become angry when joked, and should cultivate 
this faculty by laughing and joking more. 
SMALL.—Make little fun; are slow to perceive, and still 
slower to return jokes; seldom laugh, and think it foolish or 
wrong to do so; with only average Adhesiveness, are uncom- 
panionable; with large reflectives and Language, may do 
well in newspaper diction, yet not in debate. 
VERY SMALL.—Have few, if any, witty ideas and con- 
ceptions. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Get rid of the idea that it is sinful or 
undignified to laugh; try to perceive the witty and the face- 
tious aspect of subjects and things ; cultivate the acquaintance 
of mirthful people, and read witty books, and as much as may 
be imbibe their spirit. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Cease hunting for something to laugh at 
and make fun of; observe in the conduct and appearance of 
others all that is congruous, correct, and proper, and not that 
merely which is droll or ridiculous; avoid turning everything 
into ridicule, punning, playing upon words, double enten- 
der, etc. 
VII.—INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES. 
Knowing, Remembering, and Reasoning powers; general 
Intellectual Capability and desire. Adapted to the physical 
and metaphysical. Perverted, they apply their respective 
power to accomplish wrong ends. 
These faculties are divided into three classes—the Percep- 
tive, the Literary, and the Reflective—which, when large, con- 
fer three kinds of talent. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Exercise the whole mind in diversified 
studies and intellectual exercises. See specific directions in 
“Fowler on Memory.” And probably nothing is so well cal- 
culated to discipline and improve intellect as the study and 
practice of Phrenology. INDIVIDUALITY. 
157 
TO RESTRAIN.—Divert the flow of blood from the brain 
to the body by vigorous exercise, an occasional hot bath, fre- 
quent ablutions, and a general abstinence from intellectual 
exercises, especially reading and writing. 
VIII.—THE PERCEPTIVE FACULTIES, 
consisting of Individuality, Form, Size, Weight, Color, Order, 
Calculation, Locality. 
These bring man into direct intercourse with the physical 
world; take cognizance of the physical qualities of material 
things; give correct judgment of the material properties of 
things, and a practical cast of mind. 
Fig. 73.—Large. 
Fig. 74.—Small. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Exercise each separately, and all to- 
gether, in examining closely all the material properties of 
physical bodies; study the natural sciences, Phre- 
nology ; examine the natural qualities of all natural objects. 
TO RESTRAIN is never necessary. 
24.—INDIVIDUALITY. 
Observation; desire to see and examine; cognizance of 
individual objects. Adapted to individual existence, or the 
thingness of things. It is the door through which most forms 
of knowledge enter the mind. Perverted, it makes the 
starer and the impudently observing. 158 
INDIVIDUALITY. 
VERY LARGE.—Have an insatiable desire to see and know 
all about everything, together with extraordinary powers of 
observation; can not rest satisfied till all is known ; individ- 
ualize everything, and are very minute and particular in 
observation of things; with large Ideality, employ many 
allegorical and like figures; with large Human Nature and 
Comparison, observe every little thing which people say and 
do, and read character correctly from what smaller Individ- 
uality would not notice. 
\ LARGE.—Have a great desire to see, know, examine, expe- 
rience, etc., are great and practical observers of men and 
things; see whatever is transpiring around, what should be 
done, etc.; are quick of perception, knowing, and with large 
Acquisitiveness, quick to perceive whatever appertains to 
property; with large Parental Love, whatever concerns 
children; with large Alimentiveness, whatever belongs to 
the flavor or qualities of food, and know what things are good 
by looking at them; with large Approbativeness or Self- 
Esteem, see quickly whatever appertains to individual charac- 
ter, and whether it is favorable or unfavorable; with large 
Conscientiousness, perceive readily the moral, or right and 
wrong of things; with large Veneration, ‘‘ see God in clouds, 
and hear him in the •winds;” with large Ideality, are quick to 
perceive beauty, perfection, and deformity: with large Form, 
notice the countenances and looks of all met; with small 
Color, fail to observe tints, hues, and shades; with large Order 
and moderate Ideality, perceive disarrangement at once, yet 
fail to notice the want of taste or niceness. These and kin- 
dred combinations show why some persons are very quick to 
notice some things, but slow to observe others. 
\FULL.—Have good observing powers, and much desire 
to see and know things, yet are not remarkable in these re- 
spects ; with large Acquisitiveness, but moderate Ideality, 
are quick to notice whatever appertains to property, yet fail 
to observe instances of beauty and deformity; but with large 
Ideality and moderate Acquisitiveness, quickly see beauty and 
deformity, yet do not quickly observe the qualities of things or 
value of property; with large Parental Love and Ideality, 
see at once indices of beauty and perfection in children; but 
if Ideality and Language are moderate, fail to perceive 
beauty of expression or sentiment, etc. FORM. 
159 
AVERAGE.—Observe only the more conspicuous objects, 
and these more in general than detail, and what especially 
interests the stronger faculties. 
MODERATE.—Are rather deficient in observing disposition 
and capability, and should cultivate this faculty ; with large 
Locality, may observe places sufficiently to find them again; 
with large Order, observe when things are out of place; with 
large Causality, see that it may find material for reasoning, 
etc. 
SMALL.—Observe only what is thrust upon the attention, 
and are quite deficient in this respect. 
VERY SMALL.—See scarcely anything. 
Fig. 75.—Large.—Indicated by width 
between the eyes. 
Fig. 76.—Small. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Notice whatever comes w’ithin the range 
of your vision ; observe attentively all the little things done 
and said by everybody, all their minor manifestations of 
character—in short, keep a sharp look-out. 
TO RESTRAIN—of which there is little, if any need—look 
and stare less, and think more. 
25.—FORM. 
Cognizance and recollection of shape; memory of counte- 
nances and the looks of persons and things seen; perception 
of resemblances, family likenesses, etc. Adapted to shape. 160 
Perverted, sees imaginary shapes of persons, things etc., as in 
delirium tremens. 
VERY LARGE.—Possess this capability in an extraordinary 
degree: recognize persons not seen for many years; with 
large Ideality, take extreme delight in beautiful forms; with 
large Spirituality, see the spirits of the departed; with dis- 
ordered nerves, see horrid images, etc. 
\ LARGE.—Notice, and for a long time remember, the faces, 
countenances, forms, looks, etc., of persons, beasts and things 
once seen; know by sight many Avhose names are not remem- 
bered ; with Individuality large, both observe and recollect 
persons and things, but with Individuality moderate, fail to 
notice them, and hence to remember them, unless business, 
or something special, draws attention to them; with large 
Parental Love, notice and recollect children, favorite animals, 
etc.; with large Acquisitiveness, Individuality, and Locality, 
readily detect counterfeits, etc. 
FULL.—Have a good recollection of the countenances of 
persons and shape of things, yet not remarkably good unless 
this faculty has been quickened by practice, or invigorated by 
some strong incentive to action; with large Ideality, will 
recollect beautiful shapes; with large Locality and Sublimity, 
beautiful and magnificent scenery, etc.; and should endeavor 
to impress the recollection of shape upon the mind. 
AVERAGE.—Have only a fair natural recollection of shapes, 
countenances, etc.; yet with practice may do tolerably well, 
but without practice will be only fair in these respects, and 
should cultivate this faculty. 
MODERATE.—Are rather deficient in recognizing persons 
and things seen; fail to recognize by their looks those who are 
related to each other by blood, and should cultivate this faculty 
by trying to remember persons and things. 
SMALL.—Have a poor recollection of persons’ looks, etc. ‘ 
often meet persons the next day after an introduction, or an 
evening interview, without knowing them; with Eventuality 
large, may remember their history, but not their faces; with 
Locality large, where they were seen, but not their looks, etc. 
VERY SMALL.—Manifest scarcely any of this faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Scan the shape of everything you would 
remember; study botany, conchology. phrenology, and espe- 
fopm, 161 
daily those studies which involve configuration ; when talk- 
ing to persons, scan eyes, nose, mouth, chin, forehead, looks, 
expression of countenance, especially of eye, as if you were 
determined ever afterward to remember them—looking at them 
critically, as a police detective looks at a rogue, as if saying 
to himself, “ I’ll know you, my man, next time I see you.” 
TO RESTRAIN is never necessary, yet avoid staring at 
strangers and others. 
26.—SIZE. 
Cognizance of bulk, magnitude, quantity, proportion, etc.; 
ability to measure by the eye. Adapted to the absolute and 
Fig. 77.—Large. 
Fig. 78. — Small. 
relative magnitude of things. Perverted, it is pained by dis 
proportion and architectural inaccuracies. 
VERY LARGE.—Are endowed with an extraordinarily ac- 
curate architectural eye; detect at one glance any departure 
from perfect accuracy and proportion; often detect errors 
in the work of good workmen; can tell how high, wide, long, 
far, much, heavy, etc., with perfect accuracy ; judge correctly 
as if by intuition, the texture, fineness, coarseness, quality, 
etc., of goods; excel in judging property where bulk and 
value are to be estimated by eye; with Constructiveness, can 
fit nice machinery, and in many things dispense with measur- 162 
WEIGHT. 
ing Instruments because accurate enough without, and do best 
on work requiring the most perfect accuracy. 
LARGE.—Have an excellent eye for measuring angles, pro- 
portions, disproportions, and departures therefrom, and with 
large Constructiveness, a good mechanical eye, and judge cor- 
rectly of quantity in general; love harmony of proportion, 
and are pained by disproportion. This faculty is necessary 
to artisans, mechanics, all kinds of dealers, students, etc. 
HULL.—Possess a good share of this eye-measuring power, 
yet are not remarkable; with practice, do well; without it, 
only fairly;, and in this respect succeed well in their accus- 
tomed business. 
AVERAGE.—Have a fair eye for judging of bulk, distances, 
weight by the size, etc., and with practice do tolerably well in 
this respect. 
MODERATE.—Measure by eye rather inaccurately, and 
have poor judgment of bulk, quantity, distance, and whatever 
is estimated by this faculty. 
SMALL.—Are obliged always to rely on actual measure- 
ments, because the eye is too imperfect to be trusted. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost destitute of this faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Pass judgment on whatever involves 
how much, how heavy, how far, the center, the amount, arch- 
itectural accuracy, guessing the weight, the quantity of grocer- 
ies, of everything by eye; judging how much grain to the 
acre, and everything involving the exercise of this faculty. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Do not allow architectural inaccuracies 
or any disproportion to disturb you as much as it naturally does 
—that is, put up with things not regulated by size and pro- 
portion. 
2 7.-WEIGHT. 
Intuitive perception and application of the laws of gravity, 
motion, etc. Adapted to man’s requisition for keeping his 
balance. Perverted, it runs imminent risks of falling by 
venturing too far. 
VERY LARGE.—Have control over the muscular system, 
hence can climb or walk anywhere with safety; can not be 
thrown by fractious horses; are sure-footed; never slip or WEIGHT. 
163 
fall; are a dead shot, even “ on the winghave an intuitive 
sight for skating, swimming, balancing, circus-acting, hurling, 
everything requiring muscular control; are an excellent judge 
of perpendiculars and levels ; can plumb anything by the eye; 
as a sculptor or other artist, always make a picture or statue 
in an easy, natural, and well-balanced attitude, and are an- 
noyed if the mirror or pictures, etc., do not hang plumb ; with 
Constructiveness large, will succeed in any mechanical avoca- 
tion requiring a steady hand, as in surgery, dental operations, 
sleight-of-hand performances, fancy glass-blowing, etc. 
\ LARGE.—Have an excellent faculty for preserving and re- 
gaining balance, riding a fractious horse, skating, carrying a 
Fig. 79.-Large. 
Fig. 80.-SMAIX. 
steady hand, etc.; easily keep from falling when aloft, or in 
dangerous places; throw a stone, ball, or arrow, straight; are 
pained at seeing things out of plumb ; judge of perpendiculars 
very exactly; love to climb, walk on the edge of a precipice, 
etc.; with Form and Size large, are excellent marksmen: 
with Constructiveness large, possess an excellent faculty for 
understanding and working machinery; with Approbative- 
ness large, are venturesome, etc., to show what risks can be 
run without falling. 
FULL.—Have a good degree of this facility, and with prac- 
tice excel, yet without it are not remarkable. 
AVERAGE.—Like Full, only less gifted in this respect; with 164 
COLOR. 
only average Constructiveness and perceptives, should never 
engage in working machinery, because deficient in this talent. 
MODERATE.—Can keep the balance under ordinary cir- 
cumstances, yet have rather imperfect control over the mus- 
cles in riding a fractious horse, or walking a narrow beam 
aloft, etc.; with large Cautiousness, are afraid to walk over 
generous places, and dare not venture far; are rather poor in 
shooting, skating, throwing, etc., unless rendered so by prac- 
tice, and should cultivate this faculty by climbing, balancing, 
hurling, etc. 
SMALL.—Are quite liable to sea-sickness, dizziness when 
aloft, etc. write large Cautiousness, are afraid to walk over 
water, even on a wide plank, and where there is no danger; 
never feel safe while climbing, and fall easily. 
VERY SMALL.—Can hardly stand erect, and have very 
little control over the muscles. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Skate, slide down hill, practice gymnas- 
tic feats, balance a long pole on your hands, walk a fence, 
climb, ride on horseback, go to sea, practice gunnery, archery, 
throwing stones, pitching quoits—anything to call this faculty 
into exercise. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Do not allow yourself to climb aloft, 
and walk narrow, dangerous places as much as naturally 
inclined to. Persons often lose their lives by ambitiously 
showing what extraordinary feats they can accomplish. 
28.—COLOR. 
Perception, recollection, and application of colors, and 
delight in them. Adapted to that inlinite variety of color- 
ing interspersed throughout nature. Perverted, are over- 
particular to have colors just right. 
VERY LARGE.—Have a natural taste and talent, as well as 
a perfect passion, for whatever appertains to colors; can carry 
colors perfectly in the eye, and match them from memory; 
take the utmost delight in viewing harmonious colois, and 
with very large Constructiveness, Imitation, Form, and Size, 
and large Weight, a full or large-sized brain, and organic 
quality 6 or 7, have a natural taste and talent for painting, 
and a real genius in this line. For combinations see Large. 
LARGE.—Can discern and match colors by the eye with COLOR. 
accuracy ; with Comparison large, can compare them closely, 
and detect similarities and differences; with Constructiveness, 
Form, Size, and Imitation large, or very large, can excel in 
painting; but with Form and Size only average, can paint 
better than draw; with Ideality large, are exceedingly 
delighted with fine paintings, and disgusted with imperfect 
coloring; with large Form and Size, manage the perspective 
and lights and shades of painting admirably. 
' FULL.—Possess a good share of coloring ability and talent, 
provided it has been cultivated; take much pleasure in beauti- 
ful flowers, variegated landscapes, beautifully colored fruits, 
Castof F. Bly—blind. 
Fig. 82.-Small. 
AVERAGE.—Possess a fair share of this talent, yet are not 
extraordinary. 
MODERATE.—With practice, may judge of colors with con- 
siderable success, yet without it will he deficient in this 
respect; with large Form, Size, Constructiveness, Ideality, 
and Imitation, may take an excellent likeness, yet wrill fail in 
the coloring. 
SMALL.—May tell the primitive colors from each other, yet 
rarely notice the color of dress, eyes, hair, etc.; can not 
describe persons and things by them, and evince a marked 
deficiency in coloring, taste and talent. 
Fig. 81.—Large. 166 
ORDER. 
VERY SMALL.—Can hardly tell one color from another, 
or form any idea of colors. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Observe color in general, and its shad- 
ings in particular; try to appreciate their beauties; relish, 
revel in their richness, as seen in flower, bird, fruit, lawn, 
twilight, everywhere, and cultivate an appreciation of fine 
paintings. 
TO RESTRAIN is rarely necessary; go less into rapturous 
ecstasy over a new flower or painting, but give more attention 
to other things. 
2 9.-ORDER, 
Method, system, arrangement. Adapted to Heaven’s first 
law. Perverted, it overworks, annoys others to keep things 
in order, and is tormented by disarrangement. 
VERY LARGE.—Are perfectly systematic, and are very 
particular about order, even to old-maidishness; work far 
beyond strength to have things just so; and with large Ideal- 
ity, and an active temperament, and only fair Vitality, are 
liable to break down health and constitution by overworking 
in order to have things extra nice, and take more pains to keep 
things in order that this order is worth; with large Ideality, 
are fastidious about personal appearance, and extra particular 
to have every little thing very nice; and with Acquisitive- 
ness added, can not bear to have garments soiled, and are 
pained in the extreme b'y grease-spots, ink-blots, and like 
deformities. 
LARGE.—Have a desire to conduct business on methodical 
principles, and to be systematic ip everything; with large 
Acquisitiveness and Causality, have good business talents; 
with large Locality, have a place for everything, and every- 
thing in its place; with large Time, have a time for every- 
thing, and everything in season; with large Continuity, Com- 
parison, and the mental temperament, have every idea, para- 
graph, and head of a subject in its proper place; with large 
Constructiveness, have tools always in place, so that they can 
be found in the dark; with large Combativeness, are exces- 
sively vexed by disarrangement; with large Language, place 
every word exactly right, in the sentence; Avith large Appro- 
bativeness, are inclined to conform to establish usages; with 
large Size, must have everything in roAvs, at proper distances, ORDER 
167 
straight, etc.; and with large Ideality, must have everything 
neat and nice as well as methodical, etc. 
\ FULL.—If educated to business habits, evince a good degree 
of method, and disposition to sympathize, but without practice 
may sometimes show' laxity; with a powerful mentality, but 
weaker muscles, may like to have things in order, yet do not al- 
ways keep them so; with large Causality added, show more 
mental than physical order; with large mental organs, like to 
have religious matters, codes or discipline, etc., rigidly ob- 
served, and have more moral than personal method; with Ac- 
quisitiveness and perceptives large, are sufficiently methodical 
for all practical business purposes, yet not extra particular. 
AVERAGE.—Like order, yet may not always keep it, and 
desire more than practically secure. 
MODERATE.—Are very apt to leave things where they were 
last used, and lack method; with Ideality moderate, lack per- 
sonal neatness, and should cultivate this desirable element by 
being more particular. 
SMALL.—Have a very careless, inaccurate way of doing 
everything ; leave things where it happens ; can never find what 
is wanted ; take a long time to get ready, or else go unprepared, 
and have everything in perpetual confusion. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost wholly destitute of this arrang- 
ing power and desire. 
Fig. 83.—Large. 
Fig. 84.—Small. 168 
CALCULATION. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Methodize and arrange everything; be 
regular in all your habits.; cultivate system in business; have 
a place for everything, and keep everything in place, so that 
you could find it in the dark—in short, exercise order. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Work and worry less to keep order, for it 
costs more to keep it than it is worth ; you waste your very life 
and strength in little niceties of order which, after all, amount 
to little, but are costing you your sweetness of temper and 
very life itself. 
’30.—CALCULATION. 
Cognizance of numbers; ability to reckon figures in the 
head; mental arithmetic. Adapted to the relations of numbers. 
VERY LARGE.—Possess this calculating capability in a 
most extraordinary degree; can add several columns at once 
very rapidly and correctly, and multiply and divide with the 
same intuitive powers; love mental arithmetic exceedingly, 
and with large reflectives a natural mathematician. 
LARGE.—Excel in mental arithmetic, in adding, subtract- 
ing, multiplying, dividing, reckoning figures, casting accounts, 
etc., in the head; with large perceptives, have excellent busi- 
ness talents; and large Locality and Causality added, excel in 
mathematics. 
\ FULL.—Possess good calculating powers; with practice, can 
calculate in the head or by arithmetical rules easily and accu- 
Fig. 85—Large. 
Fig. 86—Small. LOCALITY. 
169 
rately, yet without practice are not remarkable; with large 
Form, Size, Comparison, Causality, and Constructiveness, can 
be a good geometrician or mathematician, yet will do better in 
higher branches than merely the arithmetical. 
AVERAGE.—Can learn arithmetic and do quite well by 
practice, yet are not naturally gifted in mental arithmetic. 
MODERATE.—Add, subtract, divide, and calculate with dif- 
ficulty ; and with large Acquisitiveness and perceptives, will 
make a better salesman than book-keeper. 
SMALL.—Are dull and incorrect in adding, subtracting, di- 
viding, etc.; dislike figuring; are poor in arithmetic, both 
practical and theoretical, and should cultivate this faculty. 
VERY SMALL.—Can hardly count, much less calculate. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Add, subtract, divide, multiply, count, 
and reckon figures in the head as far as possible, and learn and 
practice arithmetic. 
TO RESTRAIN is rarely ever necessary. Avoid counting 
everything. 
31.-LOCALITY. 
Cognizance of place; recollection of the looks of places, 
roads, scenery, and the location of objects; where on a page 
ideas are to be found, and position generally ; the geographical 
faculty ; desire to see places, and have the ability to find them. 
Adapted to nature’s arrangement to space and place. Per- 
verted, it creates a cosmopolitic disposition and would spend 
everything in traveling. 
VERY LARGE.—Always keep a correct idea of the relative 
and absolute position, either in the deep forests or the winding 
street; can not be lost; are perfectly enamored with travel- 
ing ; have literally a passion for it. 
LARGE.—Remember the whereabouts of whatever they see ; 
can carry the points of the compass easily in the head, and are 
lost with difficulty either in the city, woods, or country ; desire 
to see places, and never forget them ; study geography and as- 
tronomy with ease; and rarely forget where things are seen; 
with Constructiveness, remember the arrangement of the var- 
ious parts of a machine; with Individuality, Eventuality, and 170 
Human Nature, love to see men and things as well as- places, 
and hence have a passion for traveling. 
A FULL.—Remember .places well, yet not extraordinarily so; 
can generally find (he way, yet may sometimes be lost or con- 
fused ; with large Eventuality, remember facts better than 
places,. 
AVERAGE.—Recollect places and positions seen several 
times, yet in city or roads are occasionally lost; have no great 
geographical talent, yet by study and practice can do tolerably 
well. 
MODERATE.—Recollect places rather poorly ; dare not trust 
to local memory in strange places or large cities; are not nat- 
LOCALITY. 
Fig. 87.—Large. 
Fig. 88.—Small. 
urally good in geography, and to excel in it must study hard; 
should energetically cultivate this faculty by localizing every- 
thing, and remembering just how things are placed. 
SMALL.—Are decidedly deficient in finding places, and re- 
collect them with difficulty even when perfectly familiar with 
them. 
VERY SMALL.—Must stay at home unless, accompanied by 
others, because unable to find the way back. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Notice, as you go, turns in the road, 
land-marks, and objects by the way, geography, and the points 
of compass, when you see things, and charge your memory LITERARY FACULTIES. 
171 
where on a page certain ideas or accounts stand recorded, and 
position in general, and study geography, by maps and travel- 
ing, the location of anatomical and phrenological organs, and 
positions or place in general. 
TO EESTEAIN.—Settle down' and give over your restless, 
roving desire to travel. 
IX.-LITERAEY FACULTIES, 
consisting of Eventuality, Time, Tune, Language. These 
collect information, anecdotes, and remember matters of 
fact in general, and give what is called a good memory. 
Adapted to facts, dates, and the communication of ideas and 
feelings. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Eead, study, inform yourself, read the 
papers; keep pace with the improvements of the day; study 
history, and the experimental sciences; and pick up and store 
whatever kind of knowledge in your line of business, and of 
matter-of-fact knowledge that comes in your way; write your 
thoughts in a daily journal or for the press; join a lyceum or 
debating society, and read history or science with a view to re- 
member its substance, for the purpose of using it in argument; 
remember the news, and tell it to your friends ; in short, read, 
write and talk. 
TO EESTEAIN.—Eead and study less, but divert your mind 
from books and business by cultivating the other faculties, and 
especially physical forces, and never read, or study* or write at 
nights. 
3 2.-EVENTUALITY. 
Memory of facts; recollection of circumstances, news, oc- 
currences, and historical, scientific, and passing events; wEat 
has been said, seen, heard, or once known. Adapted to ac- 
tion, * or those changes constantly occurring around or with- 
in us. 
VEEY LAEGE.—Possess a wonderfully retentive memory 
of everything like facts and incidents; with large Language 
and Imitation, tell a story admirably, and excel in fiction, etc.; 
have a craving thirst for knowledge, and literally devour 
books and newspapers, nor allow anything once in the mind to 
escape it. 172 
LAKGE.—Have a clear and retentive memory of historical 
facts, general knowledge, what has been seen, heard, read, 
done, etc., even in detail considering advantages, are well in- 
formed and knowing; desire to witness and institute experi- 
ments ; find out what is and has been, and learn anecdotes, par- 
ticulars, and items of information, and readily recall to mind 
what has once entered it; have a good general matter-of-fact 
memory, and pick up facts readily; with Calculation and Ac- 
quisitiveness, remember business matters, bargains, etc.; with 
large social feelings, recall friends to mind, and what they 
have said and done; and with large Locality, associate facts 
with the place where they transpired, and are particularly 
fond of reading, lectures, general news, etc., and can become 
a good scholar. 
EVFNTUAI-TTY. 
Fig. 89.—Large. 
Fig. 90.—Small. 
N FULL.—Have a good genera] memory of matters and thjngs, 
yet it is considerably effected by cultivation—that is, have 
a good memory if it is habitually exercised—if not, only an 
indifferent one; with large Locality, recollect facts by asso- 
ciating them with the place, or by recollecting where on a 
page they are narrated ; with large reflectives, remember prin- 
ciples better than facts, and facts by associating them with 
their principles; and with large Language, tell a story quite 
well. 
AVERAGE.—Recollect leading events and interesting par- TIME, 
173 
ticulars, yet are rather deficient in memory of items and de- 
tails, except when it is well cultivated. 
MODERATE.—Are rather forgetful, especially in details; 
and with moderate Individuality and Language, tell a story 
very poorly, and should cultivate memory by its exercise. 
SMALL.—Have a treacherous and confused memory of cir- 
cumstances; often forget what is wanted, what was intended 
to be said, done, etc.; have a poor command of knowledge, 
are unable to swear positively to details, and should stren- 
uously exercise this remembering power. 
VERY SMALL.—Forget almost everything, both general 
and particulars. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Charge your mind with whatever tran- 
spires; remember what you read, see, hear, and often recall 
and re-impress it, so that you can swear definitely in a court 
of justice; also, impress on your mind what you intend to do 
and say at given times: read history and study mythology 
with a view of weaving such knowledge into the every-day 
affairs of life; fell anecdotes, recount incidents in your own 
life, putting in all the little particulars; write down what you 
would remember, yet only to impress it, but trust to memory 
rather than to manuscript. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Read less; never allow yourself to re- 
count the painful vicissitudes of life, or to renew past pain by 
remembrance, for this does only damage; but when you find 
your mind running on painful subjects, change it to something 
else, and forget whatever in the past is saddening. 
3 3.—TIME. 
Cognizance and recollection of duration and succession, the 
lapse of time, when things occurred, etc., and ability to carry 
the time of the day in the head; punctuality. Adapted to 
periodicity. Perverted, it is excessively pained by bad time 
in music and not keeping steps in walking, etc. 
VERY LARGE.—Can wake up at any pre-appointed hour, 
tell the time of day by intuition almost as correctly as with 
a time-piece, and the time that transpired between one event 
and another, a natural chronologist. 
LARGE.—Can generally tell when things occurred, at least 174 
the order of events, and the length of time between one oc- 
currence and another, etc.; tell the time of day without time- 
piece or sun, well; and keep an accurate chronology in the 
mind of dates general and particular; with large Eventuality, 
rarely forget appointments’, meetings, etc, and a good 
historian. 
\ FULL.—With cultivation, can keep time in music, and also 
the time of day in the head Quite correctly, yet not exceed- 
ingly so. 
AVERAGE.—With practice, have a good memory of dates 
and successions, yet without it are rather delicient. 
TIME. 
Fig. 91.—Large. 
Fig. 92.—Small. 
MODERATE.—Have a somewhat imperfect idea of time and 
dates; with moderate Individuality, Eventuality, and Lan- 
guage, a poor historian. 
SMALL.—F ail to keep the correct time in the head, or 
awaken at appointed times; have a confused and indistinct 
idea of the time when things transpired, and forget dates. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost wholly destitute of this faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Periodize everything; rise, retire, pros- 
ecute your business, everything by the clock ; appropriate par- 
ticular times to particular things, and deviate as seldom as 
possible; in short, cultivate perfect regularity in all your 
habits, as it respects time. TUNE. 
175 
TO RESTRAIN.—Break in upon your tread-mill monotony, 
and deviate now and then, if only for diversion, from your 
monotonous routine. 
3 4.-TUNE. 
The music instinct and faculty ; ability to learn and remem- 
ber tunes by rote. Adapted to the musical octave. Perver- 
sion-excessive fondness for music to the neglect of other 
things. 
VERY LARGE.—Possess extraordinary musical taste and 
talent, and are literally transported by good music; and with 
large Imitation and Constructiveness, fair time, and a fine 
Fig. 93.—Large. 
Fig. 94.—Small. 
temperament, an exquisite performer; learn tunes b y hear- 
ing them sung once: sing in spirit and with melting pathos; 
show intuitive taste and skill; sing from the soul to the soul. 
LARGE.— Love music dearly; have a nice conception of 
concord, discord, melody, etc., and enjoy all kinds of music; 
and with large Imitation, Constructiveness, and Time, can 
make most kinds, and play vrell on, musical instruments; with 
large Ideality, impart a richness and exquisiteness to musical 
performances; have a fine ear for music, and are tormented 
by discord, but delighted by concord, and take a great amount 
of pleasure in the exercise of this faculty; vrith large Com- 
bativeness and Destructiveness, love martial music; with 176 
LANGUAGE. 
large Veneration, sacred music; with large Adhesiveness and 
Amativeness, social and parlor music ; with large Hope, Vene- 
ration, and disordered nerves, plaintive, solemn music, etc. 
FULL.—Have a good musical ear and talent; can learn 
tunes by rote quite well: and with large Ideality, Imitation, 
and Firmness, can be a good musician, yet wall require prac- 
tice. 
j AVERAGE.—Have fair musical talents, yet, to be a good 
musician, require considerable practice; can learn tunes by 
rote, yet with some difficulty; with large Ideality and Imita- 
tion, may be a good singer or player, yet are indebted more 
to art than nature, show more taste than skill, and love music 
better than can make it. 
MODERATE.—Have no great natural taste or talent for 
music, yet, aided by notes and practice, may sing and play 
quite well, but will be rather mechanical; lack that pathos and 
feeling which reach the soul. 
SMALL.—Learn to sing or play tunes with great difficulty, 
and that mechanically, without emotion or effect. 
VERY SMALL.—Have scarcely any musical Idea or feeling, 
so little as hardly to tell Yankee Doodle from Old Hundred. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Try to sing; learn tunes by ear; prac- 
tice vocal and instrumental music, and give yourself up to the 
spirit and sentiment of the piece ; attend concerts, listen appre- 
ciatingly and feelingly to gifted performers, and cultivate 
the soul of music. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Give relatively less time and feeling to 
music, and more to other things. 
35.—LANGUAGE. 
The expression of all mental operations by wrords, written 
or spoken, by gestures, looks, and actions; the communicating 
faculty and instinct in general. Adapted to man’s requisition 
for holding communication with man. Perversion—verbosity, 
pleonasm, circumlocution, excessive talkativeness, telling 
what does harm, etc. 
VERY LARGE.—Are exceedingly expressive in all they say 
and do ; have a most expressive countenance, eye, and manner LANGUAGE. 
177 
in everything; have a most emphatic way of saying and doing 
everything, and thoroughly impress the various operations of 
their own minds on the minds of others; use the very word 
required by the occasion; are intuitively grammatical, even 
without study, and say oratorically whatever they attempt to 
say at all; commit to memory by reading or hearing once or 
twice; learn languages with remarkable facility; are both 
fluent and copious, even redundant and verbose; with large or 
very large Imitation, add perfect action, natural language, and 
gesticulation to perfect verbal expression; with large Ideality, 
are elegant and eloquent; and with large Individuality, Event- 
uality. Comparison, and organic quality added, possess natural 
Fig. 95.—Large. 
Fig. 96.—Small. 
Language large, pushes the eye forward and downward, showing 
fullness below and prominence of the eye-ball. 
speaking talents of the highest order; say the very thing, and 
in the very way; choose words almost as by inspiration, and 
evince the highest order of communicating capacity. 
LABGE.—Express ideas and feelings well, both verbally and 
in writing; can learn to speak languages easily; recollect 
words, and commit to memory well; have freedom, copious- 
ness, and power of expression; with large Amativeness, use 
tender, winning, persuasive words; with large Combativeness 
and Destructiveness, severe and cutting expressions; with 
large moral faculties, words expressive of moral sentiments; 
with large Acquisitiveness, describe in glowing colors what is 178 
for sale; with large Ideality, employ richness and beauty of 
expression, and love poetry and oratory exceedingly; with 
large Imitation, express thoughts and emotions by gesticu- 
lation ; with activity great and Secretiveness small, show in 
the looks the thoughts and feelings passing in the mind; with 
large reflective faculties, evince thought and depth in the 
countenance ; with large Comparison, use just the words which 
convey the meaning intended; with large Ideality, Individ- 
uality, Eventuality, Comparison, and the mental temperament, 
can make an excellent editor or newspaper writer; and with 
large Causality added, a philosophical waiter. 
| FULL.—Say well what is said at all, yet are not garrulous ; 
with small Secretiveness, speak without qualifications, and 
also distinctly and pointedly ; express the manifestations of the 
larger faculties with much force, yet not of the smaller ones; 
with large Secretiveness and Cautiousness, do not always speak 
to the purpose, and make ideas fully understood, but use rather 
non-committal expressions; with largo Comparison, Human 
Nature, Causality, Ideality, activity, organic quality, and 
powrer, have first-rate writing talents, and can speak well, yet 
large Secretiveness impairs speaking and writing talents by 
rendering them wordy and non-committal. 
AVERAGE.—Have fair communicating talents, yet not 
extra; with activity great and Secretiveness small, speak right 
out, and to the purpose, yet are not eloquent, and use common- 
place words and expressions; with large Individuality, Event- 
uality, and Comparison, and moderate Secretiveness, can make 
an excellent writer by practice; use none too many vroi ds, but 
express itself clearly and to the point; with large Causality, 
have more thought than language; with moderate Individu- 
ality and Eventuality, find it difficult to say just what is 
desired, and are not fully and easily understood r with large 
Ideality, have more beauty and elegance than freedom. 
MODERATE.—Are not particularly expressive in words, 
actions, or countenance, nor ready in communicating ideas and 
sentiments; with large Ideality, Eventuality, Comparison, 
activity, and power, may succeed well as a writer, yet not as 
a speaker; with large Causality and moderate Eventuality, 
have abundance of thoughts, but find it quite difficult to cast 
them into sentences, or bring in the right adjectives and 
LANGUAGE. REFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES. 
179 
phrases at the right time ; are good in matter, yet poor in 
delivery; commit to memory with difficulty, and fail to make 
ideas and feelings fully understood, and to excite like organs 
in others; with large Eventuality, Locality, Form, and Com- 
parison, may he fair as a linguist, and learn to read foreign 
languages, yet learn to speak them with difficulty, and are bar- 
ren in expression, however rich in matter. 
SMALL.—Have poor lingual and communicative talents; 
hesitate for words; speak with extreme difficulty and very 
awkwardly, and should cultivate this faculty by talking and 
writing much. 
VERY SMALL.—Can hardly remember or use words at all, 
or even remember their meaning. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Talk, write, speak as much, as eloquent- 
ly', as well as you can; often change clauses with a view to 
improving sentences; erase unnecessary and improper wrords, 
and choose the very words exactly expressive of the desired 
meaning; throw feeling and expression into all you say—into 
action, and expressions of countenance; study languages and 
the classics, but especially fluency in your mother tongue; 
narrate incidents ; tel] what you have heard, seen, read, done ; 
debate; if religious, lead in religious exercises—anything, 
everything to discipline and exercise this faculty. 
TO RESTRAINT.—Talk less ; never break in when others are 
talking; lop off redundancies, pleonasms, and embellishments, 
and use simple instead of bombastic expressions. 
X.-REFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES, 
consisting of Causality, Comparison, Human Nature, Agree- 
•ableness. 
These give a Philosophizing, Penetrating, Investigating, 
Originating cast of mind; ascertain Causes and abstract Rela- 
tions ; Contrive, Invent, Originate ideas, give intuitive judg- 
ment of character, etc. Adapted to the first principles, or 
laws of things. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Muse, meditate, ponder, reflect on, 
think, study, and pry deep into the abstract principles and 
nature of things. 180 
TO RESTRAIN.—Theorize less, and give more time to the 
other faculties. 
CAUSALITY, 
Perception and application of Causation ; Thought; Origi- 
nality ; Comprehensiveness of mind; Forethought the Re- 
source-creating power; adaptation of ways and means to ends. 
Adapted to nature’s institutes, plans, cause, and effect. Per- 
verted, it reasons in favor of untruth and injurious ends. 
VERY LARGE.—Possess this cause-seeking and applying 
power to an extraordinary degree; perceive by intuition 
those deeper relations of things which escape common minds; 
3 6.-CAUSALITY. 
are profound in philosophy, and deep and powerful in reason- 
ing, and have great originality of mind and strength of under- 
standing. 
LARGE.—Desire to know the why and wherefore of things, 
and to investigate their laws; reason clearly and correctly 
from causes to effects, and from facts to their causes: have 
uncommon capabilities of planning, contriving, inventing, 
creating, resources, and making the head save the hands; 
kill two birds with one stone; predicate results, and arrange 
things so as to succeed; synthetize, and put things together 
well; with large Combativeness, love to argue; with large 
perceptives, are quick to perceive facts and conditions, and 
Fig. 97.—Large. 
Fig. 98.—Small. CAUSALITY. 
181 
reason powerfully and correctly from tliem; with Comparison 
and Conscientiousness large, reason forcibly on moral truths; 
with the selfish faculties strong, will so adapt ways and means 
as to serve personal purposes: with moderate perceptives, 
excel more in principles and philosophy than facts, and remem- 
ber laws better than details; with Comparison and Human 
Nature large, are particularly fond of mental philosophy, and 
excel therein ; with Individuality and Eventuality only moder- 
ate, are guided more by reason than experience, by laws than 
facts, and arrive at conclusions more from reflection than 
observation; with large perceptives, possess a high order of 
practical sense and sound judgment; with large Comparison 
and moderate Eventuality, remember thoughts, inferences, 
and subject-matter, but forget items; with the mental tem- 
perament and Language moderate, make a much greater 
impression upon mankind by action than expressions, by deeds 
than words, etc. 
VFULL.—Have good cause-seeking and applying talents; 
reason, and adapt ways and means to ends, well; with large 
perceptives, Comparison, activity, and thought, possess ex- 
cellent reasoning powers, and show them to first-rate advan- 
tage ; with moderate perceptives and large Secretiveness, can 
plan better than reason; with large Acquisitiveness and 
moderate Constructiveness, lay excellent money-making, but 
poor mechanical plans, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Plan and reason well in conjunction with the 
larger faculties, but poorly with the smaller ones; with mod- 
erate Acquisitiveness, lay poor money-making plans; but Avith 
large Conscientiousness, reason well on moral subjects, espe- 
cially if Comparison is large, etc. 
MODERATE.—Are rather deficient in discerning and apply- 
ing causes; perceive them when presented by other minds, 
yet do not originate them; with activity and perceptives large, 
may do well in the ordinary routine of business, yet fail in 
difficult matters. 
SMALL.—Are deficient in reasoning and planning power; 
need perpetual telling and shoAA-ing; seldom arrange things 
beforehand, and then poorly; should work under others; 
lack force of idea and strength of understanding. 
VERY SMALL.—Are idiotic in reasoning and planning. 182 
COMPARISON. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First, and mainly, study nature’s causes 
and effects, adaptations, laws, both in general and in those 
particular departments in which you may feel any special 
interest; think, muse, meditate, reason, give yourself up to the 
influx of new ideas; plan; adapt ways and means to ends; 
endeavor to think up the best ways and means of overcoming 
difficulties and bringing about results; especially study Phren- 
ology and its philosophy, for nothing is equally suggestive, 
of original ideas, or as explanative of nature’s laws and first 
principles. 
TO RESTRAIN—which is rarely necessary—divert your 
mind from abstract thought by engaging more in the practi- 
cal and real, nor allow any one thing, as inventing perpetual 
motion, or reasoning on any particular subject, to engross too 
much attention. 
3 7.-COMPARISON. 
Inductive reasoning; ability and disposition to analyze,' 
classify, compare, draw inferences, etc. Adapted to nature’s 
classifications of all her works. Perverted, is too redundant 
in proverbs, fables, and figures of speech. 
VERY LARGE.—Possess this analyzing, criticising, and 
inductive faculty in a truly wonderful degree; illustrate with 
great clearness and facility from the known to the unknown; 
discover the deeper analogies which pervade nature, and have 
an extraordinary power of discerning new truths; with largo 
Individuality, Eventuality, and activity, have a great faculty 
of making discoveries; with large Language, use words in 
their exact meaning, a natural philologist; with full Lan- 
guage, explain things plausibly and correctly. 
\ LARGE.—Reason clearly and correctly from conclusions 
and scientific facts up to the law's which govern them; discern 
the known from the unknowm; detect error by its incongru- 
ity with facts; have an excellent talent for comparing, ex- 
plaining, expounding, criticising, exposing, etc.; employ 
similes and metaphors well; put this and that together, and 
draw correct inferences from them ; with large Continuity, use 
well-sustained figures of speech, but with small Continuity, 
drop the figure before it is finished; with large Individuality, 
Eventuality, activity, and power, have a scientific cast of 
mind; with large Veneration, reason about God and his COMPARISON. 
works; with large Language, use words in their exact signifi- 
cation ; with large Mirthfulness, strike the nail upon the head 
in all criticisms, and hit off the oddities of people to admira- 
tion ; with largo Ideality, evince beauty, taste, and propriety 
of expression, etc. 
FULL.—Possess a full share of clearness and demonstrative 
power, yet with large Causality, and only moderate Language, 
can not explain to advantage; wdth large Eventuality, reason 
wholly from facts; with moderate Language, fail in giving 
the precise meaning to words; and make good analytical 
discriminations. 
AVERAGE.—Show this talent in a good degree in conjunc- 
Fig. 99.—Large. 
Fig. 100.—Small. 
tion with the larger organs, hut poorly in reference to the 
smaller ones. 
MODERATE.—Rather fail in explaining, clearing up points, 
putting things together, drawing inferences, and even use 
words incorrectly; with Individuality and Eventuality mod- 
erate, show much mental weakness; with large Causality, 
have good ideas, hut make wretched work in expressing them, 
and can not be understood; with Mirthfulness full or large, 
try to make jokes, hut they are always ill-timed and inappro- 
priate. 
SMALL.—Have a poor talent for drawing inferences; lack 
appropriateness in everything, and should cultivate this 
faculty„ 184 
VERY SMALL.—Have little, and show almost none, of this 
element. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Put this and that together, and draw 
inferences; spell out truths and results from slighter data; 
observe effects, with a view to deduce conclusion therefrom; 
study logic and metaphysics, theology and ethics included, 
and draw nice discriminations; explain and illustrate your 
ideas clearly and copiously, and exercise it in whatever form 
circumstances may require. 
TO RESTRAIN.—Keep back redundant illustrations and 
amplifications, and be careful to base important deductions 
on data amply sufficient. 
HUMAN NATURE. 
C.-IIUMAN NATURE. 
Discernment of character; perception of motives; intuitive 
physiognomy. Adapted to man’s need of knowing his fellow- 
men. Perverted, it produces suspiciousness. 
Fig. 101.—Large. 
Fig. 102.—Smav.t- 
VERY LARGE.— Form a correct judgment as to the charac- 
ter ; with Individuality and Comparison large, notice all at 
the first glance as if by intuition ; may also trust first 
impressions; a natural physiognomistand with Agreeable- 
ness large, know just when and how to take men, and hood- 
wink if they choose; and with Secretiveness added, but Con- 
scientiousness moderate, are oily and palavering, and flatter HUMAN NATURE. 
185 
their victim—that, serpent-like, salivate before they swallow; 
with Comparison and organic quality large or very large, 
dearly love the study of human nature, practically and theo- 
retically, and therefore of mental philosophy and Phrenology, 
etc. 
LARGE.—Read men intuitively from their looks, conversa- 
tion, manners, and walk, and other kindred signs of charac- 
ter ; with Idividuality and Comparison large, notice all the 
little things they do, and form a correct estimate from them, 
and should follow first impressions respecting persons; with 
full Secretiveness and large Benevolence added, know just 
how to take men, and possess much power over mind; with 
Mirthfulness and Ideality large, see all the faults of people, 
and make much fun over them; with Comparison large, have 
a talent for metaphysics, etc. 
\ FULL.—Read character quite well from the face and exter- 
nal signs, yet are sometimes mistaken; may generally follow 
first impressions safely; love to study character; with Ideality 
and Adhesiveness large, appreciate the excellences of friends; 
with Parental Love large, of children; with Combativeness 
and Conscientiousness very large, all the faults of people; 
and with only average Adhesiveness, form few friendships, 
in consequence of detecting so many blemishes in character, etc. 
AVERAGE.—Have fair talents for reading character, yet not 
extra, and should cultivate it. 
MODERATE.—Fail somewhat in discerning character ; occa- 
sionally form wrong conclusions concerning people; should 
be more suspicious, watch people closely, especially those 
minor signs of character dropped when off their guard; have 
ill-timed remarks and modes of addressing people, and often 
say and do things which have a different effect from that 
intended. 
SMALL.—Are easily imposed upon by others; with large 
Conscientiousness and small Secretiveness, think everybody 
tells the truth ; are too confiding, and fail sadly in knowing 
where and how to take things. 
VERY SMALL.—Know almost nothing about human nature. 
TO CULTIVATE.—Scan closely all the actions of men, 
with a view to ascertain their motives and mainsprings of 
action; look with a sharp eye at man, woman, child, all you 186 
AGREEALLENESS. 
meet, as if you would read them through; note particularly 
the expression of the eye, as if you would imbibe what it 
signifies; say to yourself, What faculty prompted this expres- 
sion or that action ; drink in the general looks, attitude, natu- 
ral language, and manifestation of the man, and yield yourself 
to the impressions naturally made on you—that is, study hu- 
man nature both as a philosophy and as a sentiment, or as if 
being impressed thereby; especially study Phrenology, for 
no study of human nature at all compares with it, and be more 
suspicious, 
TO RESTRAIN.—Be less suspicious, and more confidential. 
D.-AGREEABLENESS 
Persuasiveness, pleasantness, blandness. Adapted to please 
and win others. 
Fig. 103.—Large. 
Fig. 104.— Small. 
VERY LARGE.—Are peculiarly wining and fascinating in 
manners and coversation, and delight even opponents. 
LARGE.—Have a pleasing, persuasive, conciliatory mode 
cf addressing people, and of saying things; with Adhesiveness 
and Benevolence large, are generally liked; with Comparison 
and Human Nature large, say unacceptable things in an 
acceptable manner, and sugar over expressions and actions. 
I FULL.—Are pleasing and persuasive in manner, and with 
Ideality large, polite and agreeable, except when the repelling AGREE ARLEXESS. 
187 
faculties are strongly excited; with small Secretiveness, and 
strong Ccmbativeness and activity, are generally pleasant, 
but when angry are sharp and blunt; with large Benevolence, 
Adhesiveness, and Mirthfulness, are excellent company. 
AVERAGE.—Have a good share of pleasantness in conversa- 
tion and appearance, except when the selfish faculties are ex- 
cited, but are then repulsive. 
MODERATE.—Are rather deficient in the pleasant and per- 
suasive, and should by all means cultivate this faculty by 
smoothing over all said and done. 
SMALL.—Say even pleasant things very unpleasantly, and 
fail sadly in winning the good graces of people. 
VERY SMALL.—Are almost totally deficient in this faculty. 
TO CULTIVATE.—First try to feel agreeable, and express 
those feelings in as pleasant and bland a manner as possible; 
study and practice politeness as both an art and a science; 
compliment what in others you can find worthy, and render 
yourself just as acceptable to those around you as lies in your 
power. 
TO RESTRAIN is rarely necessary. RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 
Whoever has this book, will have, following the title page, 
the large picture of the head, phrenologically divided and 
the organs named. And in a well-proportioned and well- 
balanced head the organs will be found located about as they 
are in this figure of the perfect head. Some nationalities 
have longer and some broader and shorter heads, and one has 
to study the anatomical peculiarities of the heads, to re-locate 
the organs. We recommend the study of this head to ail who 
want to study real heads. 
It should be understood that the brain is composed of two 
hemispheres, or halves, the right and the left, and that the 
organs are double, one being situated in each hemisphere of 
the brain, and corresponding in position to each other. The 
organs located in the middle line, from the root of the nose to 
the back of the head, where the two halves of the brain lie 
together, are double. They are the same, as they are located, 
one on each of the line. In looking at the phrenological 
head, on page 3, the organs Benevolence, Veneration and 
Self-Esteem and others all the way over seem to be narrow, 
but that is in consequence of the fact that we are looking at 
them in perspective. Imagine another just such picture 
brought against the other side of this, and there would be 
another row of organs of the same name lying side by side 
with these. 
Cautiousness, Combativeness, Alimentiveness, and all the 
organs on the side head are situated alike on both sides. So, 
on each half of the brain, dividing it from front to rear, each 
organ is represented. 
If one draws an imaginary line from the opening of the 
ear to the top of the head, it will be found to rest on the front 
part of Firmness. From Firmness, Self-Esteem and Venera- 
tion and Conscientiousness can be located. 
Observe where Cautiousness is situated on this bust picture, 
and then look at the cut illustrating Cautiousness and observe 190 
the width of the head at that point; that width shows large 
Caution. 
Between the organ of Caution and Self-Esteem Approbative- 
ness is located, and Self-Esteem occupies, on a full-sized head, 
fully two inches in width. 
On the bust picture, draw or imagine a line from the open- 
ing of the ear to the place where Benevolence is situated, 
and apply that thought and that line to the living head, and 
Veneration, between Benevolence and Firmness, can readily 
be located. 
To locate Parental Love, observe the sharp, bony point 
which some people have quite prominently developed, in the 
middle of the lower part of the back head; it is called the 
occipital spine. This corresponds to the base of the cerebrum 
or large brain. People come to us asking what “bump” 
that is; another will tell us that it was made by falling on 
the ice: he never noticed it before, and it didn’t go awray; the 
truth is, he didn’t know he had it, till, by falling on the ice, 
this sharp point cut a hole through the scalp, making it feel 
very sore, and by continually examining it he thought as it 
didn’t go away and he never noticed it before, it must have 
been made by the fall. Perhaps one half of the heads will 
not show that very distinctly. The object of that point is to 
aid in the fastening of the muscles of the back of the neck to 
the skull. Just above this point is located Philoprogenitive- 
ness, and below that point, Amativeness is located, and it 
widens from the center almost around to the ears. In the 
skull, (Fig. 6,) just below and back of the opening of the ear, 
will be found a bony bunch or prominence. If the reader 
will put his fingers behind the lower part of his ear he will 
find the same bone, which projects entirely belowr the brain, 
and its object is the fastening of the muscle of the side of the 
neck, called the sterno-clido-mastoidean muscle and the bone 
is called the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Many 
people think that this is the organ of Combativeness. Thirty 
years ago a medical student came in to brow-beat us, and said 
that we didn't know any better than to locate Combativeness 
in the mastoid process; we suppose somebody told him so, 
and he had the luck and the ill-luck to ventilate his ignorance 
where he could be instructed. 
When wTe have located Parental Love, Firmness and 
RUI.ES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. Benevolence on the central line of the head from the root of 
the nose over, we then locate Individuality, above the root of 
the nose, and there are three organs between Individuality 
and Benevolence. 
Drawing a line directly upward from the opening of the 
ear, it crosses Destructiveness and Secretiveness, the first 
located directly above the opening of the ear. Destructive- 
ness is indicated by wideness of the head from side to side, so 
is Secretiveness and Cautiousness, yet the true way to study 
the line of development of the organs is to draw an 
imaginary lino from the opening of one ear to that of the 
other, through the head, and half way between the opening 
of the ears, the capital of the spinal cord wrould be found, 
which is called the medulla oblongata. The direction of the 
development of the organs should be in a line from that 
central point, or half way between the ears to the location of 
the organs on the head, so that if we increase the size of 
Destructiveness, it throws the organ directly on a level, 
away from the center of the brain, that of Secretiveness a little 
upward from the level and Cautiousness still more upward 
and a little backward; then the development of Self-Esteem 
will be upwrard and backward, as Firmness will be upward, 
and Benevolence upward and forward, and Parental Love 
nearly on a level backward, a little above, however, the line 
of the level. If one will take the living head or the phre- 
nological bust, and point with a pencil from the center of 
any organ towards this central point of the brain the direction 
of the development of Cautiousness will be upward, outward 
and backward. The direction of Amativeness is downward 
and backward. 
Do not look for bumps or protuberances; look for distaneo 
from a point half way between the opening of the ears to the 
location of the organ; the best heads are as smooth as a 
billiard ball, and if the organs are equally developed, there 
is no occasion for hills and hollows. In Acquisitiveness, 
study for wideness and for a slightly upward and forward 
direction; viewing the head from the front, Constructiveness 
and Ideality show wideness and fullness from side to side; 
the organs along the top head on each side of the line of 
Benevolence, Veneration and Firmness if large, will level 
up the top head. Notice Figs. 51 and 52. 
RULES FOR FINDING THE ORGANS. 
191 192 
The organs of Mirthfulness, Ideality, Sublimity and 
Cautiousness, fill up the upper, outer corner of the head, so 
to speak, and give it width on the top and squareness. See 
Fig. 37, how broad the side head, how low and narrow the 
top head, the selfish propensities in thd side head being 
enormously developed, the moral and esthetieal faculties 
being deficient. See the contrast with Fig. 38. In Fig. 
53 we have the moral organs large, and the organs’ in the 
side head deficient so that the head looks flattened on the 
sides in contrast with Fig. 54. Approbativeness gives 
broadness, elevation, an outward and backward and upward 
development of the region of its location on either side of 
Self-Esteem. See Figs. 47 and 48. When Self-Esteem is 
larger than Approbativeness, the head slopes each way 
rapidly; when Approbativeness is much larger than Self- 
Esteem, there is a flat or level spot clear across the head, 
Self-Esteem, which should be the keystone of the arch, is 
depressed while the outer portions at Approbativeness are 
elevated. But the observer should study distance from the 
center of the brain to the location of the organs on the head, 
and not study hills and hollows. 
In this work the organs are all illustrated and the location, 
of each organ is indicated by a dash or a plus. 
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Qualifications for Matrimony ; The Right 
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MASK OF NAPOLEON I. Brain and Mind, 
OR, MENTAL SCIENCE CONSIDERED 11 
ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLES Ol 
PHRENOLOGY AND IN RELATION TC 
MODERN PHILOSOPHY. 
By H. S. Drayton, A.M., M.D.. and James 
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The authors state in their preface : “In pre- 
paring this volume it has been the aim to 
meet an existing want, viz : that of a treatise 
which not only gives the reader a complete 
view of the system of mental science known 
as Phrenology, but also exhibits its relation to 
Anatomy and Physiology, as those sciences are 
represented to day by standard authority.” 
The following, from the Table of Contents, 
shows the scope and character of the work: 
General Principles. 
TnE Temperaments. 
Structure of the Brain and Skull. 
Classification of the Faculties. 
The Selfish Organs. 
The Intellect. 
The Semi-Intellectual Faculties. 
The Organs of the Social Functions. 
The Selfish Sentiments. 
The Moral and Religious Sentiments. 
How to Examine Heads. 
How Character, is Manifested. 
The Action of the Faculties. 
The Relation of Phrenology to Meta- 
physics and Education. 
Value of Phrenology as an Art. 
Phrenology and Physiology. 
Objections and Confirmations by the 
Physiologists. 
Phrenology in General Literature. 
USTcrbioes o± -fell.© ZPztcess- 
Phrenology is no longer a th ing laugh- 
ed at. The scientific researches of the 
,ast twenty years have demonstrated 
thefearful and wonderful complication 
of matter, not only with mind, but with 
what we call moral qualities. Thereby, 
we believe, the divine origin of “ our 
frame” has been newly illustrated, and 
the Scriptural psychology confirmed ; 
and in the Phrenological Chart we are 
disposed to find a species of “ urim and 
thummim,” revealing, if not the Crea- 
tor's will concerning us, at least His 
revelation of essential character. One 
thing is certain, that the discoveries 
of physical science must ere long force 
all men to the single alternative of Cal- 
vinism or Atheism. When they see 
that God has written Himself sovereign, 
absolute, and predestinating, on the 
records of His creation, they will be 
ready to find His writing as clearly in 
the Word; and the analogical argu- 
ment, meeting the difficulties and the 
objections on the side of Faith by those 
admitted as existing on the side of 
Sight, will avail as well in one case as 
in the other* We will only add, the 
above work is, without doubt, the best 
popular presentation of the science 
which has yet been made. It confines 
itself strictly to facts, and is not writ- 
ten in the interest of any pet “ theory.” 
It is made very interesting by its 
copious illustrations, pictorial and nar- 
rative, and the whole is brought down 
to the latest information on this curi- 
ous and suggestive department of 
knowledge.—Christian Intelligencer. 
As far as a comprehensive view of the 
teachings of Combe can be embodied 
into a system that the popular mind 
can understand, this book is as satis- 
factory an exposition of its kind as has 
yet been published. The definitions are 
clear, exhaustive, and spirited.—Phila- 
delphia Enquirer. 
In style and treatment it is adapted to the general reader, abounds witls 
valuable instruction expressed in clear, practical terms, and the work constitutes 
by far the best Text-book on Phrenology published, and is adapted to both pri vat< 
and class study. 
The illustrations of the Special Organs and Faculties are for the most pari 
from portraits of men and women whose characters are known, and great pains 
have been taken to exemplify with accuracy the significance of the text in eacl 
case. For the student of human nature and character the work is of the highest 
■"Vue. 
It is printed on fine paper, and substantially bound in extra cloth, by mail 
postpaid. ou receipt of price, $1.50. Address 
FOWLER & WELLS CO,, PulMers, 775 Broadway, New Yorl ¥he Family Physician, 
A READY PRESCRIBER AND HYGIENIC ADVISER, WITH REFERENCE TO 
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‘WHAT THEY SAY "—NOTICES OF THE PRESS. 
We give a few of the favorable notices which this work has received; 
It possesses the most practical utility of any of the author’s works, and is well 
adapted to give the reader an accurate Idea of tee organization and functions of the 
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The work is admirably simple, clear, and full, and no popular work that we ever 
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The different cases upon which it treats number over nine hundred in each of 
which the symptoms, the cause, and the manner of treatment are given in fud.— 
Clinton Tribune. 
There is not a subject relating to health but what it treats upon, in an able man- 
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Its R6 pages abound with thousands of facts and suggestions of the highest im- 
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It is the best work of the kind we have ever seen upon the subject, and ought to 
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It is a very able and excellent work, and one which we can heartily recommend 
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It is a very comprehensive, valuable work, and cannot fail to exert a salutary 
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We have no hesitancy in pronouncing it a very useful bo'k, and one which should 
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Familiarity with its contents will save many dollars’ worth of drugs, and avert 
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The work embodies a vast amount of information in regard to the structure and 
diseases of the human frame, which will be read with profit.—N. England Farmer. 
Not only are diseases described, and the appropriate treatment pointed out, but 
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It is exceedingly comprehensive, and well illustrated. It contains a great deal 
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A complete encyclopaedia of every disease to which the hnmar Tamily is heir, 
with the cure for each disease.—Day Book. 
The Author has brought together a mass of information _n reference to the 
human structure, its growth and its treatment, which will render hi* work of great 
nse to readers of all *lasses and conditions.—Philadelphia Daily Times. 
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Part I.— Digestion.—Nutrition, Insalivation, The Teeth, Deglutition. Chymi- 
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A.s manifested in Temperament and External Forms, and especially 
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Previous Systems given, including 
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Forms of Faces—The Eyes, the Mouth, the 
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Animal Types.—tirades of Intelligence, 
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.iristotle and St. Pan!.--A Model Head 
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FOWLER & WELLS CO., Publishers, 775 Broadway, New York.