•,,/7r,.:--..7 7"7^^-V:^:^ MS LIST OF SKELETONS (fcCElaU B TBE SECTION OF C'OMPARATJYE AN AT OUT. /.RMY MEDICAL MUSEUM. 18 76. yiA-Z7AA $.' A A v*'y.'*fv ■»7* ,-7?..•"■»*•■ a tS^£c ^-C ^MJfl. «p -*w h & » *033»*^' 7'' LIST OF SKELETONS AND CRANL4 ,f. > 4 9. v ,77 \* .. .y.y SECTION OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, FOE USE DURING THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876 IN CONNECTION WITH THE REPRESENTATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT U.S. ARMY. ARMY MEDICAL MUSEUM, WASHINGTON, D. C. 1876. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER. 705 Jayne Street. ADVERTISEMENT. This list of the skeletons and crania in the Section of Com- parative Anatomy of the United States Army Medical Museum was prepared by Dr. H. C. Yarrow, and is intended for distri- bution, during the Centennial Exhibition, among naturalists and others interested in comparative anatomy, for the purpose of show- ing the deficiencies of our collection, and soliciting contributions. This collection constitutes one section of the Array Medical Museum, which, at present, is divided into six sections, as fol- lows:— In charge of Assistant Surgeon G. A. Otis, TJ. S. A., Curator, Surgical section.....6539 specimens. Anatomical section.....12f>4 " Miscellaneous section .... 240 " In charge of Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U.S.A.:— Medical section.....1279 specimens. Microscopical section .... 7275 " Comparative Anatomy section . . 1522 " The Army Medical Museum was created primarily for the pur- pose of preserving specimens illustrative of the wounds and dis- eases which produce death and disability during war, with the view of thereby facilitating the study of methods for diminishing mortality and alleviating suffering among soldiers. It is now the desire of the Surgeon General that, so far as the means placed at his disposal will permit, the collection shall be extended so as to embrace all forms of injuries and disease, so that it shall eventu- ally become a general Pathological Museum, accessible for study to all medical men who are prosecuting original inquiries. Of the great usefulness of such a collection, it is unnecessary here to speak, or to point out how vain all hopes have proved that any large collection of this kind can be created except with the aid 4 and supjport of government. A cabinet of comparative anatomy furnishes the means for useful collateral studies, subordinate to the general purposes of a Pathological Museum : hence, such cabi- nets are found in connection with most of the great Pathological Collections of Europe, and one has been commenced at the Army Medical Museum. The appropriations for the support of the Museum have been hitherto too limited to permit the expenditure of any considera- ble sum on the collection of comparative anatomy. The speci- mens enumerated in the following list were for the most part col- lected by medical and other officers of the army on duty at frontier posts. For the present, any increase of the collection can only be expected from such donations, which will thankfully be received from army officers or others, or from exchanges of duplicate spe- cimens, which, however, as yet are only possible to a very limited extent. Specimens presented need not be thoroughly cleaned and mounted. This laborious work is done in the Museum by Dr. F. Schafhirt, by whom the greater part of the specimens enume- rated in the following list were prepared. It will be sufficient, in the case of large skeletons or crania, if the flesh is roughly dis- sected from bone and the viscera, brain, &c, removed. The pre- paration thus prepared can be packed in a mixture of sawdust and salt, or simply dried, for transportation. Small animals are best preserved in alcohol, in which case an incision should be made along the middle line of the abdomen to give the alcohol access to the viscera. J. J. WOODWARD, Assistant Surgeon U. S. A. In charge of the Medical, Microscopical, and Comparative Anatomy Sections, Army Medical Museum. and of The Representation of the Medical Department U. S. Army, at the International Exhibition. LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF NORTH AMERICAN MAMMALS. Note.—In the preparation of this list the classification adopted is sub- stantially the same as that of Dr. Theo. Gill in his paper entitled "Arrange- ment of the Families of Mammals," Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 230, 1872, and the nomenclature of the species is in accordance, for the most part, with the more recent views of prominent American Mammalogists. Class MAMMALIA. Sub-Class Placentalia. Super-Order EDUCABILIA. Order Ferae. Sub-Order FISSIPEDIA. Family FELiDiE : Cats, etc. Sub-Family Felince : Typical Cats. Lynx rufus (Guldenstadt), Raf. Wild Cat. Lynx rufus maculatus, Cs. and Yar. Texas Wild Cat. Lynx rufus fasciatus, Cs. and Yar. Red Cat. Lynx canadensis (Geoff and Desm.), Raf. Canada Lynx. Felis concolor, Linn. Panther; Painter; Puma; Cougar, American or California Lion. Felis onca, Linn. Jaguar; Mexican Tiger. Cran. Skel, 952, 1059, 11 GO, 1383. Cran. Skel, 10r80. 793. Cran. Skel. 139ii. Cran. Skel. 180. Cran. Skel. 178, 631. 179, 828, 954. Cran. Skel. 1412. 6 Cran. 184, 185, 713, 714, 1417, 1418. Cran. 186, 710, 711, 715. Cran. 189, 190, 191, 192. Cran. 1161. Cran. 955. Cran. 1546. Cran. 193, 194, 195, 196. Cran. 198. Cran. 197, 957. Cran. Cran. 1058. Family Canid^; : Dogs, etc. Sub-Family Canince: Wolves. Skel. Canis lupus occidentalis, Cs." and Yar. American Wolf; 712. Timber or Buffalo Wolf; Lobo of the Mexicans. Skel. Canis latrans, Say. Coyote; Prairie Wolf. 907, 1084. Sub-Family Vulpince: Foxes. Skel. Vulpes vulgaris pennsylvanicus, Cs. Red Fox. 99. Skel. Vulpes macrourus, Baird. Prairie Fox. 1196. Skel. Vulpes velox, And. and Bach. Kit Fox; Swift Fox. 1314. Skel. Vulpes littoralis, Baird. Island Fox. Skel. Urocyon cinereo-argentatus (Schreber), Cs. Gray Fox. Family Mustelid^e : Weasels, etc. Sub-Family Mustelince: Martins. Skel. Mustela pennanti, Erxl. Fisher; Black Cat. Skel. Mustela americana, Turton. Pine Martin; American Sable. Skel. Putorius longicauda, Rich. Long-tailed Ermine. 852, 1424. Skel. Putorius erminea, (Linn.), Cuv. While Weasel; Ermine. 722, 1075. 7 Cran. Skel. Putorius vison, Rich. Brown Mink. 199, 595, 1315, 1316. Cran. Skel. Gulo luscus, Sabine. Wolverine. 200. Sub-Family Melince: Badgers. Cran. Skel. Taxidea americana (Bodd), Baird. Missouri Badger. 203, 795. 612, 834, 950, 1419. Sub- Family Mephitinoz: Skunks. Cran. Skel. Mephitis mephitica (Shaw), Baird. American Skunk. 825, 161. 202, 704, 956, 1193. Sub-Family Lutrince: Otters. Cran. Skel. Lutra canadensis (Turton), Cuv. American Otter. 201, 951. Family Ursid^: : Bears. Cran. Skel. Ursus arctos horribilis (Ord.), Cs. and Yar. Grizzly Bear. 205, 1042. 672, 1006, 1043. Cran. Skel. Ursus americanus, Pallas. Black Bear. 206, 1210. 207, 208, 209, 210. Cran. Skel. Thalarctos maritimus (Linn.), Gray. White or Polar 211. Bear. Family Procyonid.e : Raccoons, etc. Sub-Family Procyonince: Typical Raccoons. Cran. Skel. Procyon lotor (Linn.), Starr. Common Raccoon. 204, 134. 613, 1060. Sub-Order PINNIPEDIA. Family Otariid^e : Eared Seals. Cran. Skel. Callirhinus ursinus (Schreber), Gray. Fur Seal. 1057. Cran. Skel. Eumetopias stelleri (Fischer), Gray. Sea Lion. 1048. Cran. Skel. Zalophus gilliespii (MacBain), Gill. Sea Dog. 261. Family Phocidje : Hair Seals. Sub-Family Phocince. Cran. Skel. Phoca vitulina, Linn. Common Seal; Harbor Seal. 259. Cran. Skel. Erignathus barbatus (0. Fabr.), Gill. Square-Flipper Seal. 258. Sub-Family Cystophorinoz : Crested Seals. Cran. Skel. Cystophora cristata (Erxl.), Nilsson. Hooded Seal. 266. Family RosMARiDiE: Walruses. Cran. Skel. Rosmarus obesus (Illiger), Gill. Atlantic Walrus. 888. 1053. Order Ungulata. Sub-Order ARTIODACTYLI. Family Bovid^: : Bovines. Sub-Family Bovince: Typical Bovines, Cran. Skel. Bos americanus (Gmelin), American Buffalo. 832, 686. 959. Sub-Family Ovince: Sheep. Cran. Skel. Ovis montana, Cuvier. Rocky Mountain Sheep; Bighorn. 671, 1051. 1049, 1422. Family Antilocaprid^! : American Antelopes. Cran. Skel. Antilocapra americana (Ord.). Antelope; Prong-horn 252, Antelope; Cabree. 253, 632, 633, 680. 9 Family Cervid^; : Deer. Sub-Family Cervince: Typical Deer. Cran. Skel. Cervus canadensis, Krxl. American Elk; Wapiti. 247, 1069. 1022, 1077, 1525, 1537. Cran. Skel. Cariacus macrotis (Say), Gray. Mule, or Black tailed Deer. 248, 1545. 1394. Cran. Skel. Cariacus virginianus (Bodd), Gray. Virginia Deer; Red 249, 634. Deer. 250, 251, 622, 635. Cran. Skel. Cariacus virginanus macrourus (Raf.), Cs. White-tailed 833, 1544. Deer. 1395. Family Dycotylidje : Peccaries. Cran. Skel. Dicotyles torquatus, Cuvier. Peccary. 244. 829. Order Cete. Sub-Order DENTICETE. Family Delphinid^!: Dolphins, etc. Sub-Family Delphinince: Typlfical Dolphin. Cran. Skel. Delphinus delphis, Linn. 262. 1308. Super-Order UVEDUCABILIA. Order Chiroptera. Sub-Order ANIMALIVORA. Family Noctilionid^: : Free-tailed Bats. Cran. Skel. Nyctinomus nasutus (Spix.), Tomes. Sno-uty Bat. 601. Family Vespertilionid^: : Ordinary Bats. Cran. Skel. Corynorhinus macrotis (Le Conte), Allen. Big-eared Bat. 986. Cran. Skel. Antrozous pallidus (Le Conte), Allen. Pale Bat. 981. 848. Cran. Skel. Atalapha (Nycticefus.) crepuscularis (Le Conte), Cs. 1192 1009. Twilight Bat. 10 Cran. Skel. Atalapha (Lasiurus) noveboracensis (Erxl.), Cs. Red Bat; 1353. 1198. New York Bat. Cran. Skel. Vespertilio subulatus, Say. Little Brown Bat. 992, 996, 997, 1208. Cran. Skel. Vespertilio (Vesperus) fuscus, Beauv. Carolina Brown Bat. 1008. 174, 854. Cran. Skel. Vespertilio (Vesperugo) georgianus, F. Cuv. Georgia Bat. 1134. 849. Order Insectivora. Sub-Order INSECTIVORA VERA. Family Talpid.e : Moles. Sub-Family Talpince: Typical Moles. Cran. Skel. Scalops aquaticus (Linn.), Cuvier. Common Mole. 112. Cran. Skel. Condylura cristata (Linn.), Illiger. Star-nosed Stole. 1106. Family Soricid^: : Shrews. Cran. Skel. Sorex personatus, Geoff. Masked Shrew. 232. Order Glires. Sub-Order SIMPLICIDENTATA. Family Zapodid^; : Jumping Mice. Cran. Skel. Zapus hudsonius (Zimm.), Cs. Jumping Mouse. 1826. Family Murid^: : Mice. Sub-Family Murinoz: Typical Mice. Cran. Skel. Mus decumanus, Pallas. Common Rat. 130, 19. 222, 223, 552. Cran. Skel. Mus tectorum, Savi. White bellied Rat. 984, 985. Cran. Skel. Mus musculus, Linn. Common House Mouse. 225, 69. 226, 227. Cran. Skel. Neotoma floridana (Say), Ord. Wood Rat. 224, 983. 11 Cran. Skel. Neotoma cinerea (Ord.), Baird. Rocky Jlountain Rat. 1356. Cran. Skel. Sigmodon hispidus (Say), Ord. Cotton Rat. 967, 968, 969, 970. Cran. Skel. Hesperomys fVesperimus) leucopus (Raf.). White-footed 597, 1406. Mouse. 1328. Sub-Family Arvicolince: Field Mice. Cran. Skel. Arvicola (Myonomes) riparius, Ord. Field Mouse. 608, 1040, 1404. Cran. Skel. Fiber zibethicus (Linn.), Cuvier. Musk Rat. 228, 229, 230, 1194. Family Saccomyid^: : Pouched Mice. Sub-Family Dipodomyince Cran. Skel. Dipodomys phillipsi ordi (Woodh.), Cs. Kangaroo Rat. 681, 1137. Cran. Skel. Cricetodipus flavus, Baird. Western Mouse. 990. Family GEOMYiDiB: Gophers. Cran. Skel. Geomys bursarius, Shaw. Pouched Gopher. 719, 827. Cran. Skel. Thomomys talpoides (Rich.), Baird. Fort Union Gopher. 1310. Cran. Skel. Tbomomys talpoides umbrinus (Rich.), Cs. Black-faced 1001, Gopher. 1002. Family Castorid2E : Beavers. Cran. Skel. Castor canadensis, Kuhl. American Beaver. 220, 1081, 221, 1082. 794, 822. Family Sciuridj: : Squirrels, etc. Sub-Family Sciurince : Typical Squirrels. Cran. Skel. Sciurus aberti, Woodh. Tuft-eared Squirrel. 975. 1357. 12 Cran. Skel. Sciurus hudsonius, Pallas. Red Squirrel. 216. 1355. Cran. Skel. Sciurus vulpinus, Gmelin. Southern Fox Squirrel. 623, 624. Cran. Skel. Sciurus cinereus, Linn. Fox or Cat Squirrel of Middle 214, Stales. 215. Cran. Skel. Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin. Gray Squirrel. Cran. Skel. Pteromys volucella, Cuv. Flying Squirrel. 175. Cran. Skel. Pteromys volucella oregonensis (Bach). Oregon Flying 896. Squirrel. Cran. Skel. Tamias striatus (Linn.). Chipmunk. 596. 561. Cran. Skel. Tamias quadrivittatus (Say), Rich. Four-striped Squirrel. 1361. 1362. Cran. Skel. Tamias lateralis (Say), Allen. Rocky Mountain Chipmunk. 1363. Cran. Skel. Spermophilus grammurus (Say), Bach. Line-tail Squirrel. 974, 1398. Cran. Skel. Spermophilus tridecem-lineatus (Mitch.), Aud. and Bach. 1312, 1311. Striped Prairie Squirrel. 1313. Cran. Skel. Spermophilus richardsoni (Sabine), Bd. Richardson's 1433. Gopher. Cran. Skel. Cynomys ludovicianus (Ord.), Bd. Prairie Dog. 217, 905, 218, 1409, 835, 1410. 903, 904. Cran. Skel. Cynomys columbianus (Ord.), Allen. Short-tailed Prairie 1352. Dog. Sub-Family Arclomyince: Woodchucks. Cran. Skel. Arctomys monax, Linn. Woodchuck. 219. 1205. Cran. Skel. Arctomys flaviventer, Aud. and Bach. Yellow-bellied Mar- 1358. mot. Family Hystricid.e : Porcupines. Cran. Skel. Erethizon dorsatus, Cuvier. Porcupine. 978. 13 Cran. Skel. Erethizon epixanthus, Brandt. Yellow-haired Porcupine. 231. Sub-Order DUPLICIDENTATA. Family Leporid^e: Hares. Cran. Skel. Lepus americanus, Erxl. Great Northern Hare. 239. Cran. Skel. Lepus callotis, Wagler. Jackass Rabbit. 237, 797, 1238, 1360. Cran. Skel. Lepus sylvaticus, Bach. Eastern Gray Rabbit. 240, 164. 241, 212, 243. Cran. Skel. Lepus sylvaticus nuttali (Bach), Allen. Sage Rabbit. 972, 987, 988, 989. Cran. Skel. Lepus palustris, Bach. Marsh Rabbit. 238. Sub-Class Didelphia. Order Marsupialia. Sub-Order DIDELPHIMORPHIA. Family Didelphid.b : Opossums. Cran. Skel. Didelphys virginianus, Shaw. Common Opossum. 212, 1, 213, 162, 787, 163. 945. 14 LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC MAMMALS. Class MAMMALIA. Sub-Class Placentalia. Super-Order EDUCABIL.IA. Order Primates. Sub-Order ANTHROPOIDEA. Family Simiid^;. Sub-Family Simiince. Cran. Skel. Simia satyrus, Linn. Orang Outang. 1407. Family Cynopithecid^i. Sub-Family Cynopithicince. Cran. Skel. Cercopithecus fuliginosus, Cuvier. Moor Ape Monkey. 1066. Cran. Skel. Cercopithecus pygerythus, Cuvier. Vervet. 1299. Cran. Skel. Macacus senicus (Desm.), Gray. Capped Macaque. 1300. Cran. Skel. Macacus cynomolgus, Desm. The Kra. 1382. Cran. Skel. Cynocephalus porcarius, Desm. Chacma. 1297. Family Cebid^!. Sub-Family Mycetincc. Cran. Skel. Mycetes seniculus, Kuhl. Golden Howler. 1298. Sub-Family Cebince. Cran. Skel. Ateles paniscus, Geoff. Spider Monkey. 1296. Family Midid^. Cran. Skel. ffidipus titi, Lesson. Pinche. 1302. Sub-Order PROSIMLS!. Family Tarsiid^;. Cran. Skel. Tarsius spectrum, Geoff. Tarsius. 1301. 15 Order Ferae. Sub-Order FISSIPEDIA. Family Felid.e : Cats, etc. Sub-Family Felinee: Typical Cats. Cran. Skel. Felis domesticus, Linn. Common Cat. 95, 20, 181, 683, 182, 580. 183. Cran. Skel. Felis tigris, Cuv. Bengal Tiger. 1307. Family Canidje : Dogs, Wolves, etc. Sub-Family Canince: Typical Dogs. Cran. Skel. Canis familiaris, Linn. Common Dog. 29, 35, 76. 187, 188, 739. Family Mustelidas : Martins, Weasels, etc. Sub-Family Mustelince; Typical Weasles. Cran. Skel. Mustela martes, Brisson. Forest Mink. 723. Cran. Skel. Putorius foetidus, Linn. European litis. 724. Cran. Skel. Putorius vulgaris (Briss.). Field Weasel. 730. Cran. Skel. Putorius erminea (Linn.). Great Weasel. 7o2. Sub-Family Melinee: Badgers. Cran. Skel. Meles taxus, Scbreber. European Badger. 736. Sub-Family Lutnva: Otters. Cran. Skel. Lutra vulgaris, Linn. European Otter. 740. Order ITngulata. Sub Order ARTIODACTYLI. Family Bovid^e : Bovines. Sub-Family Bovince: Typical Bovines. Cran. Skel. Bos taurus (Linn), Cuvier. Cow. 50. 802. Sub-Family Antilopino?: European Antelope; Chamois, etc. Cran. Skel. Rupicapra tragus, Linn. Chamois. 73S. 871. 16 Sub-Family Caprince: Goats, etc. Cran. Skel. Capra hircus. Common Goat. 254, 106. 255, 256. Sub-Family Ovince: Sheep. Cran. Skel. Ovis aries, Linn. Common Sheep. 257, Family Phacocht«<- 315. bler- 21 Cran. Skel. Dendroeca coronata (L.), Gr. Yellow-rumped Warbler; 325, 3fyrtle Bird. 326. Cran. Skel. Dendroeca blackburniae (Gm.), Bd. Blackburnian Warbler. 327. Cran. Skel. Dendroeca striata (Forst.), Bd. Black-poll Warbler. 323, 324. Cran. Skel. Dendroeca castanea (Wils.), Bd. Bay-breasted Warbler. 317, 318. Cran. Skel. Stern. Dendroeca pennsylvanica (L.), Bd. Chestnut-sided 319, 1347. 1347. Warbler. 320. Cran. Skel. Dendroeca discolor (V.), Bd. Prairie Warbler. 328. Cran. Skel. Geothlypis trichas (L.), Cab. Maryland Yellow-throat. 311, 312, 313, 314. Cran. Stern. Geothlypis macgillvrayi (Aud.), Bd. Macgillivray's Warbler. 1431. 1432. Cran. Skel. Icteria virens (L.), Bd. Yellow-breasted Chat. 393. Cran. Skel. Setophaga ruticilla (L.), Sw. Redstart. 329, 330, 331, 332. Family Tanagrid.e : Tanagers. Cran. Skel. Pyranga rubra (L.), V. Scarlet Tanager. 308. Cran. Skel. Pyranga sestiva (L.), V., var. cooperi (Ridg.), Cs; Cooper's 1510. Tanager. Cran. Skel. Pyranga hepatica, Sw. Hepatic Tanager. 1497. Family Hirundinidj3 : Swallows. Cran. Skel. Stern. Hirundo horreorum, Barton. Barn Swallow. 1449. 187. 1521. Cran. Skel. Tachycineta bicolor (V.), Cs. White-bellied Swallow. 335, 101. 551, 1013, 1014. 22 Cran. Skel. Petrochelidon lunifrons (Say), Cab. Cliff Swalloiv; Eavc 333, Swallow. 334. Cran. Stern. Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Aud.), Bd. Rough-winged 1514. 1513. Swallow. Cran. Skel. Progne purpurea (L.), Boie. Purple Martin. 1506. Family Ampelid^! : Waxwings. Cran. Skel. Ampelis cedrorum (V.), Bd. Cedar Bird; Cherry Bird. 32, QtL 65, 336. Family Vireonida;: Greenlels. Cran. Skel. Vireo olivaceus (L.), V. Red-eyed Vireo. 337, 338, 339. Cran. Stern. Vireo vicinior, Coues. Gray Vireo. 1460. 1461. Family Laniid;e : Shrikes. Cran. Stern. Collurio borealis (V.), Bd. Great Northern Shrike; Butcher- 1474. bird. Family Fringillid.e : Finches. Cran. Skel. Carpodacus purpureus (Gm.), Gr. Purple Finch. 382, 1372. Cran. Skel. Stern. Carpodacus frontalis (Say), Gr. Crimson-fronted 1501. 1519. 1502. Finch; House Finch. Cran. Skel. Loxia curvirostra, L., var. americana (Wils.), Cs. Com- 374. mon Crossbill. Cran. Skel. Chrysomitris tristis (L.), Bp. American Goldfinch ; Yellow- 375, 1207. bird. 376, 1376. Cran. Stern. Chrysomitris psaltria (Say), Bp. Arkansas Goldfinch. 1493. 1494. Cran. Stern. Passerculus savanna (Wils.), Bp. Savannah Sparrow. 383, 1335. 384, 385. Cran. Skel. Melospiza palustris (Wils.), Bd. Swamp Sparrow. 369, 370. Cran. Skel. Melospiza melodia (Wils.), Bd. Song Sparrow. 392, 1379. 23 Cran. Skel. Melospiza melodia (Wils.), Bd. var. fallax (Bd.), Ridg. 976. Gray Song-Sparrow. Cran. Skel. Junco hyemalis (L.), Scl. Snowbird. 386, 4. 387, 388, 389. Cran. Skel. Junco cinereus (Sw.), Cab., var. caniceps (Woodh.), Cs. 1518. Cinereous Snow Bird. Cran. Skel. Spizella monticola (Gm.), Bd. Tree Sparrow. 390, 1378. Cran. Skel. Spizella socialis (Wils.), Bp. Chipping Sparrow. 381. Cran. Skel. Spizella socialis (Wils.), Bp., var. arizonse, Cs. Arizona 1488. Chipping Sparrow. Cran. Stern. Spizella pusilla (Wils.), Bp. Field Sparrow. 380, 1448. 1447. Cran. Stern. Spizella pallida (Sw.), Bp. var. breweri (Cass.), Cs. 1503, 1505. Brewer's Speirrow. 1504. Cran. Skel. Zonotrichia albicollis (Gm.), Bp. While-throated Sparrow. 371, 372, 373, 1377. Cran. Skel. Passerella iliaca (Merrem.), Sw. Fox Sparrow. 368. Cran. Stern. Calamospiza bicolor (Towns.), Bp. Lark Bunting; White- 1486. 1487. winged Blackbird. Cran. Skel. Euspiza americana (Gm.), Bp. Black-throated Bunting. 367. Cran. Skel. Stern. Goniaphea ludoviciana (L.), Bowdich. Rose- 1345. 1136. 1346. breasted Grosbeak. Cran. Stern. Goniaphea melanocephala (Sw.), -----. Black-headed 1511. 1512. Grosbeak. Cran. Skel. Cyanospiza cyanea (L.), Bd. Indigo Bird. 391. Cran. Stern. Cardinalis virginianus (Brisson), Bp. Cardinal Redbird. 40, 1278. 360, 361, 362. 24 Cran. Skel. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (L.), V. Towhee Bunting; Che- 363, wink. 364, 365, 366. Cran. Skel. Pipilo fuscus, Sw. Brown Towhee; Canon Finch. 1489. Family Icterid.e : American Starlings. Cran. Skel. Stern. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (L.), Sw. Bobolink; Reed- 37, 79, 584. 1344. bird; Ricebird. 394, 395. Cran. Skel. Molothrus ater (Gm.), Sw. Cowbird. 396. 1325. Cran. Skel. Agelaeus phceniceus (L.), V. Red-winged Blackbird. 70, 117. 397, 398, 399. Skel. Stern. Xanthocephalus icterocephalus (Br.), Bd. Yellow-headed 1492. 1479. Blackbird. Cran. Skel. Sturnella magna (L.), Sw. Field-Lark ; Meadow-Lark. 400, 14. 401, 402. Cran Stern. Sturnella magna (L.), Sw. var. neglecta (Aud.), All. West- 1471. em Field-Lark. Cran. Skel. Icterus baltimore (L.), Daudin. Baltimore Oriole. 403. Cran. Skel. Icterus bullockii (Sw.), Bp. Bullock's Oriole. 1472, 1525. Cran. Skel. Scolecophagus ferrugineus (Gm.), Sw. Rusty Grackle, 404, 809. 405, 406. Cran. Stern. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Magi.), Cab. Blue-headed 939. 1473. Grackle. Cran. Skel. Stern. Quiscalus purpureus (Bartr.), Licht. Purple 39, 824. 1279. Grackle; Crow Blackbird. 407, 408, 409. 25 Family Corvid^e : Crows. Sub-Family Corvince : Ravens and Crows. Cran. Skel. Corvus corax, Linn. Raven. 410, 707, 927, 1467. Cran. Skel. Corvus cryptoleucus, Couch. White-necked Raven. 411. Cran. Skel. Corvus americanus, Aud. Common Crow. 412, 133. 413, 838. Cran. Skel. Corvus ossifragus, Wils. Fish Crow. 414. Cran. Skel. Picicorvus columbianus (Wils.), Bp. Clarke's Crow 926, 979, 1391. Cran. Skel. Gymnokitta cyanocephala, Maxim. Blue Crow 971. Sub-Family Garrulince: Jays. Cran. Skel. Pica melanoleuca, V., var. nuttalli (Aud.), Cs. Yellow- 1400. billed Magpie. Cran. Skel. Cyanurus cristatus (L.), Sw. Blue Jay. 415, 115. 416, 417, 418. Cran. Stern. Aphelocoma floridana (Bartr.), Cab., var. Woodhousei 1469. (Bd.), All. Woodhouse's Jay. Cran. Skel. Perisoreus canadensis (L), Bp. Canada Jay. 419. Sub-Order Clamatores. Family Tyrannid.e : American Flycatchers. Cran. Skel. Stern. Tyrannus carolinensis (L.), Bd. Kingbird; Bee- 291, 1339. 1342. Martin. 292, 1340, 1341. Cran. Skel. Contopus virens (L.), Cab. Wood Pewee. 293. Cran. Skel. Stern. Contopus virens (L.), Cab., var. richardsonii 1508. 1498. 1509. (Sw.), Cs. Western Wood Pewee. 26 Order PicariaBJ Picarian Birds. Sub-Order CYPSELI: Cypseliform Birds. Family Caprimulqid.e : Goatsuckers. Cran. Skel. Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.), Bp. Whippoorwill; Night- 861. Jar. Family Cypselid^e : Swifts. Cran. Skel. Panyptila saxatilis (Woodh.), Cs. White-throated Swift. 1500. Cran. Skel. Chaetura pelasgia (L.), Steph. Chimney Swift. 171. Family Trochilid,e: Humming-Birds. Cran. Skel. Trochilus colubris, L. Ruby-throated Humming-Bird. 290. Cran. Stern. Trochilus alexandri, Bourc. Black-chinned Humming-Bird. 14-36, 1459. 1457, 1458. Cran. Stern. Selasphorus rufus (Gm.), Sw. Rufous-backed Humming- 1453, 1455. Bird. 1454. Cran. Stern. Selasphorus platycercus (Sw.), Gld. Broad-tailed Hum- 1449, 1452. ming-Bird. 1450, 1451. Cran. Stern. Stellula calliope (----), Gld. Calliope Humming-Bird. 1522. Family Alcidinid.e : Kingfishers. Cran. Skel. Ceryle alcyon (L.), Boie. Belted Kingfisher. 155. Family Cuculid^;: Cuckoos. Cran. Stern. Geococcyx californianus (Less.), Bd. Ground Cuckoo; 1466. 1404. Chaparral Cock. Cran. Skel. Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Wils.), Bd. Black-billed 281. Cuckoo. Cran. Skel. Coccyzus americanus (L.), Bp. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. 278, 279, 280. Family Picid.e : Woodpeckers. Cran. Skel. Hylotomus pileatus (L.), Bd. Pileated Woodpecker; Log- 621, 550. cock. 718. 21 Cran. Skel. Picus scalaris, Wagl. var. nuttalli (Gamb.), Cs. Nuttali's 1400. Woodpecker. Cran. Skel. Picus villosus, L. Hairy Woodpecker. 602, 1370. Cran. Stern. Picus villosus, L., var. harrisi (Aud.), All. Harris' Wood- 1491. 1477. pecker. Cran. Skel. Picus pubescens, L. Downy Woodpecker. 282, 283. Cran. Stern. Picoides americanus, Brehm., var. dorsalis (Bd.), All. 1475. Striped-backed Woodpecker. Cran. Skel. Stern. Sphyrapicus varius (L.), Bd. Yellow-bellied 1336. 811. 1276. Woodpecker. Cran. Stern. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cass.), Bd. Brown-headed Wood- 1397. pecker. Cran. Skel. Centurus uropygialis, Bd. Gila Woodpecker. 1483. Cran. Skel. Stern. Melanerpes erythrocephalus (L.), Sw. Red-headed 284, 1106. 1338. Woodpecker. 285, 1337. Cran. Skel. Stern. Colaptes auratus (L.), Sw. Golden-winged Wood- 286, 118. 1327. pecker; Flicker. 287, 288, 289. Cran. Stern. Colaptes mexicanus, Sw. Red-shafted Woodpecker. 1470. Order Psittaci : Parrots. Family Arid^e: Parroquets. Cran. Skel. Conurus carolinensis (L.), Kuhl. Carolina Parroquet. 211. Order Raptores : Birds of Prey. Family Strigid^e: Owls. Cran. Skel. Strix flammea, L., var. americana (Aud.), Cs. Barn Owl. 1351. Cran. Skel. Bubo virginianus (Gm.), Bp. Great Horned Owl. 270, 860. 837. Cran. Skel. Scops asio (L.), Bp. Screech Owl; Mottled Owl. 274. 610. Cran. Skel. Stern. Otus vulgaris (L.), var. wilsonianus (Less.), All. 603. 1241. Long-eared Owl. 28 Cran. Skel. Brachyotus palustris (Bechst), Bp. Short-eared Owl. 273, 591. 788. Cran. Skel. Syrnium nebulosum (Forst.), Gr. Barred Owl. 272. 156. Cran. Skel. Nyctea nivea (Daud.), Gr. Snowy Owl. 271. Cran. Skel. Nyctale acadica (Gm.), Bp. Acadian Owl; Saw-whet Owl. 897. Cran. Stern. Glaucidium passerinum (L.), Bp., var. californicum (Scl.), 1403. Ridg. Pygmy Owl. Family Falconid^e: Diurnal Birds of Prey. Cran. Skel. Circus cyaneus (L.), Lacep., var. hudsonius (L.), Cs. 268, Marsh Hawk; Harrier. 921. Cran. Skel. Stern. Accipiter fuscus (Gm.), Bp. Sharp-shinned 949, 604. 1295. Hawk; Pigeon Hawk. 1294. Cran. Skel. Accipiter cooperi, Bp. Cooper's Hawk; Chicken Hawk. 266, 800. 717. Cran. Skel. Astur atricapillus (Wils.), Bp. Goshawk. 265. 139. Cran. Skel. Falco (Hiero-falco) gyrfalco (Linn.), var. islandicus Sabine. 922. Cran. Stern. Falco mexicanus (Licht.), var. polyagrus, Ridg. Lanier 1386. Falcon. Cran. Skel. Falco communis Variorum. Peregrine Falcon; Duck Hawk. 923. Cran. Skel. Falco columbarius, L. Pigeon Hawk. 924, 269. Cran. Skel. Buteo borealis (Gm.), V. Red-tailed Buzzard; Hen Hawk. 263, 15. 264, 716. Cran. Skel. Stern. Buteo borealis (Gm.), V., var. calurus (Cass.), 1485. 1369. 1462. Ridg. Western Red-tailed Buzzard. Cran. Skel. Buteo lineatus (Gm.), Jard. Red-shouldered Buzzard. 267, 708. Cran. Stern. Buteo swainsoni, Bp. Swainson's Buzzard. 1385. 29 Cran. Skel. Archibuteo lagopus (Brunn.), Gr., var. sancti-johannis 936, (Gm.), Ridg. Rough-legged Buzzard. 937, 938. Cran. Stern. Asturina plagiata, Schlegel. Gray Hawk. 1463. Cran. Skel. Pandion haliaetus (L.), Savigny. Fish Hawk; Osprey. 135. Cran. Skel. Aquila chrysaetus, (L.). Golden Eagle. 891, 796. 1197. Cran. Skel. Haliaetus leucocephalus (L.), Savigny. Wliite-headed Eagle; 836. 583. Bald Eagle. 892, 893, Family Cathartid^e : American Vultures. Cran. Skel. Cathartes aura (L.), Illiger. Turkey Buzzard. 709. 138. Order Columbae: Pigeons, etc. Family Columbid.e : Pigeons. Cran. Skel. Columba fasciata, Say. Band-tailed Pigeon. 1490. Cran. Skel. Ectopistes migratorius (L.), Sw. Wild Pigeon. 424. 958. Cran. Skel. Zenaedura carolinensis (L.), Bp. Carolina Dove. 425, 114. 426, 427, 428. Order Gallinae : Gallinaceous Birds. Family Meleagrididjs : Turkeys. Cran. Skel. Meleagris gallopavo, L. Turkey. 429, 141. 430. Cran. Skel. Stern. Meleagris gallopavo, L., var. americana (Bartr.), 965, 1390, 1446. Cs. Common Wild Turkey. 966, 1445, 1446, 1446. Family Tetraonhxe: Grouse, etc. Sub-Family Telraonince: Grouse. Cran. Skel. Tetrao canadensis, L. Canada Grouse; Spruce Partridge. 435. Cran. Stern. Centrocercus urophasianus (Bp.), Sw. Sage Cock; Cock- 1426. 1427. of-the-plains. 30 Cran. Skel. Pedioecetes phasianellus (L.), Ell. Northern Sharp-tailed 436, 1428. Grouse. 1429. Cran. Skel. Cupidonia cupido (L.), Bd. Pinnated Grouse ; Prairie Hen. 437, 140. 438, 439. Cran. Skel. Bonasa umbellus (L.), Steph. Ruffed Grouse; Partridge; 126. Pheasant. Cran. Skel. Lagopus albus (Gm.), Aud. Willow Ptarmigan. 940. Sub-Family Odontophorince: American Partridge. Cran. Skel. Stern. Ortyx virginianus (L.), Bp. Virginia Partridge; 31, 125. 1280. Quail; Bob-white. 77, 78, 440. Cran. Skel. Oreortyx pictus (Dougl.), Bd. Plumed Partridge. 925. Cran. Skel. Lophortyx californicus (Shaw), Bp. California Partridge. 973. Cran. Skel. Stern. Cyrtonyx massena (Less.), Gld. Massena Part- 1392. 1389. 1393. ridge. Order Grallatores: Wading Birds. Sub-Order LIMICOL-E!: Shore Birds. Family CHARADRiiDiE: Plover. Sub-Family Charadriince: True Plover. Cran. Skel. Charadrius fulvus, Gm., var. virginicus (Borck.), Cs. 868, 867. Golden Plover. 920. Cran. Skel. TEgialitis vociferus (L.), Cass. Kildeer Plover. 606, 150. 607, 991. Family Recurvirostrid.e : Avocets. Cran. Stern. Recurvirostra americana, Gm. Avocet. 1387. Cran. Skel. Himantopus nigricollis, V. Stilt. 1359. Family Phalaropodid^; : Phalaropes. Cran. Stern. Steganopus wilsoni (Sab.), Cs. Wilson's Phalarope. 1435, 1437. 1436. 31 Family Scolopacid/e : Snipe, etc. Cran. Skel. Philohela minor (Gm.), Gr. American Woodcock. 449. 116. Cran. Skel. Stern. Gallinago wilsoni (Temm.), Bp. American Snipe; 450, 151. 1292. .Wilson's Snipe. 898. Cran. Skel. Stern. Ereunetes pusillus (L.), Cass. Semi-palmated 1481. 1480. 1482. Sandpiper. Cran. Skel. Tringa maculata V. Pectoral Sandpiper. 1343. 862. Cran. Skel. Tringa alpina, L., var. americana, Cass. American Dunlin. 451. Cran. Skel. Limosa fedoa (L.), Ord. Great Marbled Godwit. 456. Cran. Skel. Totanus melanoleucus, Gm. Greater Tell-tale. 1293. Cran. Skel. Totanus flavipes, Gm. Yellow-Shanks. 452. 102. Cran. Skel. Totanus solitarius, Wils. Solitary Tattler. 453. Cran. Skel. Tringoides macularius (L.), Gr. Spotted Sandpiper. 454, 455. Cran. Skel. Actiturus bartramius (Wils.), Bp. Bartramian Sandpiper ; 1425. Upland Plover. Cran. Skel. Numenius longirostris, Wils. Long-billed Curlew. 458, 459, 1079. Cran. Skel. Numenius hudsonicus, Lath. Hudsonian Curlew. 457. Cran. Skel. Numenius borealis (Forst.), Lath. Esquimaux Curlew. 928, 929. Sub-Order HERIODIONES : Herons and their allies. Family TANTALiDiE: Ibises, etc. Sub-Family Ibidince: True Ibises. Cran. Skel. Ibis falcinellus, Auct., var. ordii (Bp.), All. Glossy Ibis. 448. Cran. Skel. Ibis alba (L.), V. White Ibis. 447, 1162. Cran. Skel. Platalea ajaja, L. Roseate Spoonbill. 1016, 1163. 32 Family ArdeidjE : Herons. Sub-Family Ardeince: True Herons. Cran. Skel. Ardea herodias, L. Great Blue Heron. 1012. 582. Cran. Skel. Ardea leucogastra, Gm., var. leucoprymna (Licht.), Cs. 442. Louisiana Heron. Cran. Skel. Stern. Ardea virescens, L. Green Heron. 443, 511. 1281. 444, 445. Cran. Skel. Nyctiardea grisea (L.), Steph., var. nsevia (Bodd.), Allen. 446. Night Heron. Cran. Skel. Botaurus minor (Gm.). Bittern; Indian Hen. 1289. Sub-Order ALECTORIDES : Cranes, Rails, etc. Family GRUiDiE: Cranes. Cran. Skel. Grus canadensis (L.), Temm. Brown Crane; Sandhill 441. Crane. Family Rallid.e : Rails. Sub-Family Rallince: True Rails. Cran. Skel. Rallus virginianus, L. Virginia Rail. 977. Cran. Skel. Porzana Carolina (L.), V. Carolina Rail; Sora; Ortolan. 461, 466. Cran. Skel. Fulica americana, Gm. Coot. 462, 124. 463, 464. Order Lamellirostres : Anserine Birds. Family Anatid^e : Swan, Geese, and Ducks. Sub-Family Cygnince: Swans. Cran. Skel. Cygnus americanus, Sharpless. Whistling Swan. 465, 12. 901, 902. Sub-Family Anserinoz: Geese. Cran. Skel. Anser hyperboreus, Pall. Snow Goose. 930. Cran. Skel. Branta bernicla, L. Brant Goose. 473, 479. 33 Cran. Skel. Branta bernicla, var. nigricans (L.), Cs. Brant Goose. 941, 484a. Cran. Skel. Branta canadensis (L.J Canada Goose ; Wild Goose 470, 17. 471, 472, 1127. Cran. Skel. Branta canadensis (L.), var. hutchinsii (Rich.), Cs. Hut- 931, chins's Goose. 932, 933. Sub-Family Anatince: River Ducks. Cran. Skel. Anas boschas, L. Mallard. 411, 1115. 478, 889. Cran. Skel. Anas obscura, Gm. Dusky Duck. 479. Cran. Stern. Dafila acuta (L.), Jenyns. Pintail; Sprig tail 480, 1284. 481. Cran. Skel. Mareca americana (Gm.), Steph. American Widgeon ■ 486, 1114. Baldpate. 487, 488, 935. Cran. Skel. Querquedula carolinensis (Gm.). Green winged Teal 482, 1117. 48:!. Cran. Skel. Querquedula discors (L.), Steph. Blue-winged Teal. 934. 791 Cran. Stern. Querquedula cyanoptera (V.), Cass. Cinnamon Teal 1388. Cran. Skel. Spatula clypeata (L.), Boie. Shoveller. 484, 485, 942, 943. Cran. Skel. Aix sponsa (L.), Boie. Summer Duck; Wood Duck. 489, 109. 490, 491. 3 34 Sub-Family Fuligulince : Sea Ducks. Cran. Skel. Fuligula marila (L.), Steph. Greater Blackhead. 492. Cran. Skel. Fuligula affinis, Eyton. Lesser Blackhead. 493, 1124. 494, 495. Cran. Skel. Fuligula collaris (Donovan), Bp. Ring-necked Duck. 496, 497, 498. Cran. Skel. Fuligula ferina (L.), Sw. var. americana (Eyton), Cs. 499, 1123. Red-head; Pochard. 500, 946, 947. Cran. Skel. Fuligula vallisneria (Wils.), Steph. Canvas-back. 501, 1125. 502, 503, 504. Cran. Skel. Stern. Bucephala clangula (L.), Gr. Golden-eyed Duck. 505, 1128. 1468. 506, 507, 508. Cran. Skel. Bucephala albeola (L.), Bd. Buffle-headed Duck. 509, 129. 510, 511, 512. Cran. Skel. Harelda glacialis (L.), Leach. Long-tailed Duck. 514, 1119. 515, 918. Cran. Skel. Histrionicus torquatus (L.), Bp. Harlequin Duck. 513. Cran. Skel. Somateria spectabilis (L.), Leach. King Eider. 917. Cran. Skel. CEdemia fusca (L.), Sw. (? var. velvetina, Cass). Velvet 628, 627. Scoter. 1132. Cran. Skel. CEdemia perspicillata (L.), Fleming. Surf Duck. 894. 35 Cran. Skel. Erismatura rubida (Wils.), Bp. Ruddy Duck 516, 1111. * " 617. Sub-Family Mergince: Mergansers. Cran. Skel. Stern. Mergus merganser, L. Merganser; Goosander. 614, 8. 1286. 840. Cran. Skel. Mergus serrator, L. Red-breasted Merganser. 1130. Cran. Skel. Mergus cucullatus, L. Hooded Merganser 518, 1118. 519. Order Steganopodes : Totipalmate Birds. Family Pelecanid^e: Pelicans. Cran. Skel. Pelecanus trachyrhynchus, Lath. White Pelican 520, 1076. Cran. Skel. Pelecanus fuscus, L. Brown Pelican. 895, 1037. Family Phalacrocoracid^e : Cormorants. Cran. Skel. Graculus carbo (L.), Gray. Common Cormorant; Shaa 521. y' Cran. Stern. Graculus bicristatus (Pall.), Bd. Red-faced Cormorant 1287. Cran. Skel. Plotus anhiuga, L. Anhinga; Darter. 522. Order Longipeniies: Long-winged Swimmers. Family Larid^e: Gulls, Terns, etc. Sub-Family Leslridince: Jaegers, or Skua Gulls. Cran. Skel. Stercorarius parasiticus (Brunn.), Gray. Richardson's 916. Jaeger. Sub-Family Larinae : True Gulls. Cran. Skel. Larus glaucescens, Licht. Glaucous-winged Gull. 900 1246. Cran. Skel. Larus argentatus, Brunn. Herring Gull; Common Gull. 1055. 826. Cran. Skel. Larus delawarensis, Ord. Ring-billed Gull. 153. Cran. Stern. Larus tridactylus, L. Kittewake. 1248. Cran. Skel. Larus Philadelphia (Ord.), Cs. Bonaparte's Gull. 525, 899. 36 Sub-Family Sternince: Terns. Cran. Skel. Hydrochelidon fissipes (L.), Gray. Black Tern. 173. Family Procellariid.ze : Petrels. Sub-Family Diomedeince: Albatrosses. Cran. Skel. Diomedea nigripes, Aud. Black-footed Albatross. 523. Sub-Family Procellariince: True Petrels. Cran. Skel. Fregetta grallaria (V.), Bp. White-bellied Petrel. 524. Order Pygopodes : Diving Birds. Family Colymbtd.e : Loons. Cran. Skel. Colymbus torquatus, Brunn. Loon; Great Northern 611. Diver. Cran. Skel. Colymbus arcticus, L. Black-throated Diver. 944. Cran. Skel. Colymbus arcticus, L., var. pacificus (Lawr.), C9. 52(1. Pacific Diver. Cran. Skel. Colymbus septentrionalis, L. Red-throated Diver. 527. Family Podicipid^e : Grebes. Cran. Skel. Podiceps griseigena (Bodd.),Gray, var. holbolli (Reinh.), 919 Cs. Red-necked Grebe. Cran. Skel. Podiceps cornutus (Gm.), Lath. Horned Grebe. 1121. 1120. Cran. Skel. Podilymbus podiceps (L.), Lawr. Pied-billed Dabchick. 720. Family ALCiDiE : Auks. Cran. Stern. Phaleris psittacula (Pall.), Temm. Paroquet Auk. 1250. Cran. Stern. Simorhynchus cristatellus (Pall.), Merrem. Crested Auk. 1251. Cran. Stern. Simorhynchus camtschaticus (Lepech.), Schl. Whiskered 1249. Auk. Cran. Skel. Uria, sp. 1247. 37 LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC BIRDS. Sub-Class Carinatae : Carinate Birds. Order Passeres : Passerine Birds. Family Fringillid^e : Finches, etc. Cran. Skel. Fringilla canaria, Linn. Canary Bird. 377, 593. 378, 379, 1010. Cran. Skel. Pyrrhula vulgaris, Cuv. Bulfinch. 1101. Cran. Skel. Carduelis elegans, Bp. Goldfinch. 1110. Order Psittaci: Parrots. Family Psittacid.e : Typical Parrots. Cran. Skel. Psittaeus erythacus, Linn. Red-tailed Parrot. 215. Cran. Skel. Chrysotis ochrocephala (Gm.). Yellow-fronted Parrot. 276. Order Columliae : Pigeons, etc. Family Columbid^e : Typical Pigeons. Cran. Skel. Columba liria (domestica), Linn. Common Pigeon. 420, 421, 422, 423. Order Gallinae : Gallinaceous Birds. Family Phasianice : Pheasants. Cran. Skel. Pavo cristatus, Linn. Peacock. 586. 1044. Cran. Skel. Gallus baukivi (var.), Temm. Domestic Fowl. 88, 41, 431, 1365. 432, 433. 38 Family Numidid;e : Guinea Fowls. Cran. Skel. Numida meleagris, Linn. Guinea Fowl. 434. 27. Order Lamellirostres : Anserine Birds. Family Anatid^; : Swans, Geese, etc. Sub-Family Anserince: Geese. Cran. Skel. Anser ferns (domesticus), Linn. Common Goose. 466, 4«37, 468, 469. Cran. Skel. Anser cygnoides, Linn. Swan Goose. 149. Sub-Family Anatince: River Ducks. Cran. Skel. Anas boschas (domesticus), Linn. Common Duck. 97, 98, 475, 476. Sub-Class Ratitae: Struthious Birds. Order S truth ion es : Struthious Birds. Family Struthionidje : Ostrich. Cran. Skel. Struthio camelus, Linn. Ostrich. 1438. Family Casuariid.e : Emeus, etc. Sub-Family Dromaimr: Emeus. Cran. Skel. Dromseus novse-hollandise, Lath. Common Emeu. 1439. 39 LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF NORTH AMERICAN BATRACHIA AND REPTILIA. Note.—The classification and nomenclature adopted are according to Prof. Edward D. Cope, in his " Check List of North American Batrachia and Reptilia," Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 1. Class BATRACHIA. Order Anura. Sub-Order RANIFORMIA. Family Ranid^e : Frogs. Cran. Skel. Rana halecina halecina, Hall. Gold-striped Frog; Shad 6. Frog. Cran. Skel. Rana palustris, Le Conte. Yellow-legged Frog; Marsh 1107. 884. Frog. Cran. Skel. Rana pipiens (Linn.), Holbrook. Bull Frog. 60. Sub-Order FIRMISTERNIA. Family Engystomid^e. Cran. Skel. Engystoma carolinense, Holbrook. Chestnut-colored Frog. 1265. 93. Sub-Order BUFONIFORMIA. Family Bufonid^e : Toads. Cran. Skel. Bufo microscaphus, Cope. Western Toad. 1541. 1401. Cran. Skel. Bufo lentiginosus frontosus, Cope. 1532. 1531. Cran. Skel. Bufo lentiginosus cognatus, Say. 1539. 1538. Cran. Skel. Bufo lentiginosus americanus, Le Conte. American Toad. 80. Cran. Skel. Bufo lentiginosus lentiginosus, var. Latr. Red-signed 1102. Toad. Cran. Skel. Bufo quercicus, Holbrook. Oak Toad. 1232. Sur-Ordek ARCIFERA. Family Hylid.e : Tree Toads. Cran. Skel. Acris gryllus gryllus (Holbrook), Gray. Cricket Frog. 167. 40 Order Urodela. Family Plethedontidje : Salamanders, etc. Cran. Skel. Plethedon glutinosus, Green. Salamander. 915. Cran. Skel. Spelerpes ruber ruber, Daudin. Red Triton. 549. Family Amblystomid^e. Cran. Skel. Amblystoma mavortium, Bd. Spotted Salamander. 964. S57, #63. Cran. Skel. Amblystoraa tigrinum, Green. Axolotl. 679. Family Menopomid.e. Cran. Skel. Meuopoma alleghenieuse, Harlan. Alleghany Hell-Bender. 165. Order Trachystoinata. Family Sirexid.e : Sirens. Cran. Skel. Siren lacertina, Linn. Mud Eel or Siren. 1322. Class REPTILIA. Order Crocodili. Family Crocodilidje. Cran. Skel. Alligator mississippiensis, Daud. Common Alligator. 819, 1185. Order Testlldi nata : Shield Reptiles. Sub-Order CRYPTODIRA. Family Cheloniid^e: Sea Turtles. Cran. Skel. Thalassochelys caonana, Linn. Hawksbill Turtle. 528, 529, 577, 675. Cran. Skel. Chelonia mydas, Schw. Green Turtle. 530, 682, 789. 41 Family Emydid^e : Tortoises. Cran. Skel. Pseudemys rugosa, Shaw. Red-bellied Terrapin. 652, 9. 653, (554, 655. Cran. Skel. Pseudemys concinna, Le Conte. 1252. Cran. Skel. Pseudemys scabra, Linn. Cran. Skel. Malacoclemmys concentrica. Terrapin. 532. 154. Cran. Skel. Chrysemys picta, Hern. Painted Turtle. 534, 1019. 535. Cran. Skel. Chelopus guttatus, Schneider. Yellow-Spotted Turtle. 172. Cran. Skel. Chelopus insculptus, Le Conte. Wood Terrapin. 533. Cran. Skel. Cistudo clausa clausa, Gmelin. Common Land Turtle; 536, 2. Box Tortoise. 537. Family Chelydrid^e. Cran. Skel. Chelydra serpentina, Linn. Snapping Turtle. 531, 49. 843, 847. Family Cinosternid;e. Cran. Skel. Cinosternum pennsylvanicum pennsylvanicum, Bosc. 666, 674. Mud Turtle. 667, 668, C49. Order L,acertilia. Sub-Order PLEURODONTA. Family Iguanid^e : Iguanas. Cran. Skel. Holbrookia maculata maculata, Girard. Prairie Lizard. 1004, 684. 1005. Cran. Skel. Ciotaphytus collaris, Say. Ring-necked or Collared Lizard. 803. 742. Cran. Skel. Sceloporus undulatus undulatus, Harlan. Common 88, 89, 86. Lizard; Brown Swift. 539, 42 Cran. Skel. Sceloporus consobrinus, Bd. and Girard. Western Lizard. 1540. Cran. Skel. Sceloporus spinosus, Wiegmann. Western Spring Lizard. 1442. 1104. Cran. Skel. Phrynosoma cornutum, Harlan. Horned Lizard. 538. 82. Cran. Skel. Phrynosoma douglassii douglassii, Bell. Douglass's 1443. 1399. Honied Lizard. Cran. Skel. Phrynosoma regale, Girard. Regal Horned Lizard. 1534. Cran. Skel. Phrynosoma maccallii, Hallowell. Mac Call's Horned 1555. Lizard. Family Helodermid^:. Cran. Skel. Heloderma suspectum, Cope. Gila Monster. 166. Family Teid^e. Cran. Skel. Cnemidophorus sex-lineatus, Linn. Six-lined Lizard. 91, 92, 541, 1542, 1543. Family Scincidje : Skinks. Cran. Skel. Eumeces obsoletus, Bd. and Gir. Pale Lizard. 1103. 962. Cran. Skel. Eumeces guttulatus, Hallowell. Spotted Lizard or Skink. 998, 999. Cran. Skel. Eumeces fasciatus, Linn. Striped Lizard; Blue-tailed 876, 1215. Skink. 1216, 1271, 1272, 1273, 1274. Order Ophidia: Serpents. Sub-Order ASINEA. Family Colubrid.e : Colubrine Serpents. Cran. Skel. Carphophiops amoenus, Say. Red Snake. 859. 94. Cran. Skel. Tantilla nigriceps, Kenn. 1020. Cran. Skel. Ophibolus doliatus doliatus, Linn. 1038. Cran. Skel. Ophibolus doliatus gentilis (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. 1091. 43 Cran. Skel. Ophibolus getulusgetulus (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. Thunder 701. Snake; King Snake. Cran. Skel. Ophibolus getulus boylii (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. Boyle's 994. Chain Snake. Cran. Skel. Ophibolus getulus, sayi, Holbrook. Say's Chain Snake. 1090. Cran. Skel. Diadophis punctatus punctatus (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. 1414. 706, Ring-necked Snake. 831. Cran. Skel. Diadophis punctatus amabilis (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. 851. Cran. Skel. Cyclophis vernalis, De Kay. Green Snake. 548, 590. 1231. Cran. Skel. Coluber vulpinus, Bd. and Grd. Fox Snake. 743. Cran. Skel. Coluber obsoletus obsoletus (Say), Kenn. Pilot Black 1018. Snake; Racer. Cran. Skel. Coluber obsoletus confinis (Say), Bd. and Grd. 1087. Cran. Skel. Coluber guttatus, Linn. Chicken Snake. 1213. Cran. Skel. Coluber einoryi. Bd. and Grd. Emory's Snake. 1089. Cran. Skel. Pityophis sayi mexicanus, Dum. and Bib. Gopher Snake. 1222. 1221. Cran. Skel. Pityophis sayi bellona, Bd. and Grd. Bull Snake. 980. 1223, 1536. Cran. Skel. Bascanium constrictor (Linn.), Bd. and Grd. Black 53. Snake. Cran. Skel. Bascanium tseniatum laterale, Hall. 1530. Cran. Skel. Bascanium tseniatum tseniatum, Hall. 1529. Cran. Skel. Bascanium flagelliforme testaceum (Say.), Bd. and Grd. 702, 982. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia saurita (Linn.), Bd. and Girard. Ribbon Snake. 705. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia faireyi, Bd. and Gird. Fairie's Garter Snake. 995. 1088. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia mareiana, Bd. and Gird. Marcy's Garter Snake. 547, 84. 1233. 44 Cran. Skel. Eutaenia vagrans vagrans, Bd. and Gird. Common Western 1528. 1527. Garter Snake. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia sirtalis dorsalis, Bd. and Gird. Eastern Garter 1318. 85. Snake. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia sirtalis ordinata (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 1533. 1230. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia sirtalis sirtalis (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 1228, 42, 546. 1227. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia sirtalis parietalis (Linn.), Say. 911. Cran. Skel. Eutaenia elegans, Bd. and Gird. 1229. Cran. Skel. Tropidonotus sipedon sipedon (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 629. 830, Water Snake. 1558. Cran. Skel. Tropidonotus grahamii, Bd. and Gird. Graham's Water 858. Snake. Cran. Skel. Tropidonotus leberis (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. Yellow- 598. bellied Snake. Cran. Skel. Tropidonotus sipedon woodhouseii (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. 1214. Woodhouse's Snake. Cran. Skel. Heterodon simus nasicus, Bd. and Gird. Hog-nosed 1226. 768. Snake; Sand Viper. Cran. Skel. Heterodon platyrhinus (Lata.), Bd. and Gird. Western 703, Sand Viper. 1086. Sub-Order PROTEROGLYPHA. Family Elapid^e : Vipers. Cran. Skel. Elaps fulvius fulvius (Linn.), Bd. and Gird. Harlequin 1319. 90. Snake. Sub-Order SOLENOGLYPHA. Family Crotalid^e : Rattlesnakes, etc. Cran. Skel. Crotalus horridus, Linn. Banded Rattlesnake; Northern 545, Rattlesnake. 615. Cran. Skel. Crotalus adamanteus adamanteus (Beauv.), Bd. and 700. Gird. Diamond Rattlesnake. Cran. Skel. Crotalus adamanteus atrox (Beauv.), Bd. and Gird. 993. Cran. Skel. Ancistrodon coutortrix, Bd. and Gird. Copper-head; 1003. Moccasin. 45 LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF FOREIGN REPTILES. Class REPTILIA. Order Ophidia. Sub-Order ASINEA. Family Boid^e : Boas. Cran. Skel. Boa constrictor, Linn. Boa. 541, 543, 544. Order L,acertilia. Sub-Order PLEURODONTA. Family IguanidjE : Iguanas. Cran. Skel. Metapocerus cornutus, Wagler. South American Lizard. 44. Cran. Skel. Iguana tuberculata, Wagler. Banded Iguana. 1444. 46 LIST OF CRANIA AND SKELETONS OF FISHES. Note.—The classification adopted is that of Dr. Theodore Gill, in his paper "Arrangement of the Families of Fishes," Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 247, 1872, and the nomenclature for marine forms is sub- stantially in accordance with his " Catalogue of the Fishes of the East Coast of North America," Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No. 283, 1873. Class PISCES. Sub-Class Teleostei. Order Plectognathi. Sub-Order GYMNODONTES. Family Tetrodontid.e. Chilichthys turgidus (Mitch.), Gill. Rough Puffer; Por- cupine Fish; Blower. \. Order Pediculati. Family LopuiiDiE. Lophius americanus, De Kay. Goose Fish; Fishing Frog; Sea Devil. Order Teleocephali. Sub-Order HETEROSOMATA. Family Pleuronectid^e. Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walb.) Gill. Common Flounder. Chaenopsetta occellaris (De Kay), Gill. Long-toothed Flounder. Hippoglossus americanus, Gill. Halibut. Sub-Order ANACANTHINI. Family Gadid.e. Gadus morrhua, Linn. Common Codfish. Microgadus tomcodus (Walb.), Gill. Tom Cod; Frost Fish. Melanogrammus aeglefiuus (Liuu.), Gill. Haddock. Cran. Skel. 1413. Cran. Skel. 1156, 1164. 1157. Cran. Skel. 1153. 13. Cran. Skel. 107. Cran. Skel. 152. Cran. Skel. 553. 111. Cran. Skel. 616. Cran. Skel. 554. 26. 47 Cran. Skel. Brosmius americanus, Gill. European Cusk; Polar Cod 626. Fish. Family Merluciid^. Cran. Skel. Merlucius bilinearis (Mitch.), Gill. American Hake. 1114. Family Cryptacanthid^e. Cran. Skel. Cryptacanthodes maculatus, Storer. Ghost Fish; Wry- Si. mouth. Sob-Order ACANTHOPTERI. Family Labrid^e. Cran. Skel. Tautoga onitis (Linn.), Giinther. Black Fish; Tautog. 576. 54. Family Scarhxe. Cran. Skel. Pseudocarus guacamaia (Cuv. and Val.), Giinther, 812, Parrot Fish. 846. Family Scombrid.e. Cran. Skel. Scomber scombrus, Linn. Mackerel. 1100. 59. Cran. Skel. Orcynus secundi-dorsalis (Storer), Gill. Horse Mackerel; 1169, 1868. Tunny. 1170. Cran. Skel. Cybium maculatum (Mitch.), Cuv. Spanish Mackerel. 1092. 790. Family Carangid.^. Cran. Skel. Trachynotus carolinus (Linn.), Gill. Pompano; Crcvalle. 1211. Family Sclenhxe. Cran. Skel. Cynoscion carolinensis (Cuv. and Val.), Gill. Salmon 1190. 1146. Trout; Spotted Sea Trout. Cran. Skel. Cynoscion regalis (Bloch), Gill. Squeteague; Weak Fish; 556. 105, Gray Trout. 110. Cran. Skel. Pogonias chromis, Lacep. Drum. 120. 1096. Cran. Skel. Liostomus xanthurus, Lacep. Yellow Tail; Spot. 87S, 877, 886, 885. 887. Cran. Skel. Sciaenops ocellatus (Linn.), Gill. Red Bass; Bass; Sea 559. 142. Bass; Red Fish; Ocellated Drum. Cran. Skel. Meuticirrus nebulosus (Mitch.), Gill. King Fish ; Whit- 1149, 1145, ing. 1151. 1154. Cran. Skel. Micropogon undulatus (Linn.), Cuv. and Val. Croaker; 1147. 1044. Hick Fish. Family Sparid;e. Cran. Skel. Archosargus probatocephalus (Walb.), Gill. Sheephead. 574. 61. Cran. Skel. Stenotomus argyrops (Linn.), Gill. Scup; Porgy. 1202, 1201, 1203, 1212. 1204. Family Serranid^e. Cran. Skel. Centropristes atrarius (Linn.). Black Sea Bass. 575. 11. Family Percid^e. Cran. Skel. Perca flavescens (Mitch.). Yellow Perch. 568, 24. 863. Cran. Skel. Stizostedion amerioanum, Girard. Pike Perch. 148. * Cran. Skel. Perciua caprodes (Raf.), Girard. Hog Fish. 170. Cran. Skel. Boleosoma fuciforme, Girard. Darter. 74. Family Labracid^;. Cran. Skel. Morone americana (Gmelin), Gill. White Perch. 558. 23. Cran. Skel. Roccus lineatus (Bl. Schu.), Gill. Striped Bass; Rock 43. 3. Fish. Family Centrarchid.e. Cran. Skel. Lepomis auritus, Gill. Long-eared Sunfish. 860, 5. 865. Cran. Skel. Pomotis aureus, Gill. Common Sunfish; Pumpkin-seed; 815. Tobacco-box. Cran. Skel. Enneacanthus obesus, Gill. Mottled Sunfish. 1150. 817. Cran. Skel. Hyperistius carolinensis, Gill. Black Spotted Sunfish. 823. Cran. Skel. Micropternus salmoides (Lac), Gill. Small-mouthed 147. Black Bass; Black Bass. Cran. Skel. Micropterus floridanus (Les.), Gill. Oswego Bass. 1142. Family Epuippiidje. Cran. Skel. Parephippus gigas, Gill. Moon Fish. 850. 68. 49 Family Pomatomid.e. Cran. Skel. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linn.), Gill. Mackerel; Skip-Jack. 67, 63. 555, 1158. Family Echineidid^e. Cran. Skel. Leptecheneis naucrateoides (Zuiew.), Gill. Sucker 71. Sub-Order PERCESOCES. Family Atherinuxe. Cran. Skel. Chirostoma notata (Mitch.), Gill. Silver-sides 882. Sub-Order SYNENTOGNATHI. Family Belonid^e. Cran. Skel. Belone longirostris (Mitch.), Gill. Silver Gar; Bill Fish 562. 55. Family Scomberesocid.e. Cran. Skel. Exoccetus exiliens, Gmelin. Flying Fish. 1054. Sub-Order HAPLOMI. Family Esocid^e. Cran. Skel. Esox reticulatus, Lesueur. Pickerel. 557. 16. Cran. Skel. Esox lucius, Linn. Lake Pike; Mascalunge. 609. 146. Family Cyprinodontid.e. Cran. Skel. Fundulus heteroclitus (Linn.), Gill. Mummichog. 1133. 880. Cran. Skel. Fundulus bairdii, Agass. Baird's Stone-tugger. 103. Cran. Skel. Hydrargyra majalis (Walb.), Val. Mummichog. 881. Sub-Order ISOSPONDYLI. Family Microstomuxe. Cran. Skel. Osmerus mordax (Mitch.), Gill. Smelt. 1064. Family Salmonuxe. Cran. Skel. Salmo fontinalis, Mitch. Brook Trout. 571. 58. Cran. Skel. Salmo confinis, De Kay. Lake Trout. 1288. 144. Cran. Skel. Coregouus albus, Les. White Fish. 131. 4 50 Family Elophxe. Cran. Skel. Megalops thrissoides (Bl. Sch.), Giinther. Jew Fish; 1140. Tarpum. Family Clupeid.e. Cran. Skel. Alosa sapidissima (Wilson), Storer. Shad. 570. 36. Cran. Skel. Pomolobus pseudoharengus (Wilson), Gill. Herring; 1070, 1078. Alewife. 1071, 1072, 1073. Family Dorosomuxe. Cran. Skel. Dorosoma cepediana (Lac), Gill. Toothed Herring. 567. 108. Sub-Order EVENTOGNATHI. Family Catostomidje. Cran. Skel. Hylomyzou nigricans, Agassiz. Black Sucker. 572. 57. Cran. Skel. Catostomus teres, Lesueur. Chub; Sucker. 662, 659. 663, 664, 665. Cran. Skel. Moxostoma oblonga, Agassiz. Horned Sucker. 807. 806. Family Cyprinhxe. Cran. Skel. Carassius auratus, Bleaker. Goldfish. 569. 28, 630. Cran. Skel. Semotilus pulchellus, Gill. Chub. 573. Cran. Skel. Semotilus rhotheus, Cope. Fall Fish ; Swamp Carp. 866. 585. Cran. Skel. Hybognathus regius, Girard. Gudgeon ; River Smelt. 560. 75. Cran. Skel. Hypsilepis cornutus, Mitch. Red-fin. 864. 168. Cran. Skel. Hybopsis hudsonius, Clinton. 879. Cran. Skel. Ceratichthys biguttatus, Kirtland. Horned Chub. 588. 592. Cran. Skel. Stilbe americana, Linn. Minnow; Shiner. 599. 51 Cran. Skel. Luxilus kentuckieusis, Gill. Gold-striped Dace. 73. Cran. Skel. Exoglossum maxillingua, Lesueur. Tonguejaw. 587. Order IVematognathi. Family Silurid^e. Cran. Skel. Aminrus nigricans, Lesueur. Lake Catfish; Black Cat- 563, 21. fish. 564. Cran. Skel. Rhamdia brachypterus (Cope), Gill. Mexican Catfish. 51. Cran. Skel. Amiurus atrarius, DeKay. Black Catfish. 1143. Order Apodes. Sub-Order ENCHELYCEPHALI. Family Anguillidje. Cran. Skel. Anguilla bostoniensis (Les.), DeKay. Common Eel. 1094, 25, 1095. 1105. Sub-Class Ganoidei. Super-Order HYOGANOIDEI. Order Rhombogaiioidei. Family Lepidosteidje. Cran. Skel. Lepidosteus osseus, Lac. Common Gar Fish. 565, 62. 566. Super-Order CIIO^DROGAXOID.E. Order Chondrostei. Family Acipenserid.e. Cran. Skel. Acipenser oxyrhynchus, Mitch. Sharp-nosed Sturgeon. 1152. 9/1. Sub-Class Elasmobranchii. Super-Order PI.AGIOSTOMI. Order Raiae. Sub-Order MASTICURA. Family Trygonid^e. Cran. Skel. Trygon centrura (Mitch.), Gill. Sting Ray; Stingaree 1174. 1165. 52 Sub-Order PACHYTJRA. Family Raiaid^e. Cran. Skel. Raia undulata, Lacep. Whip-tailed Ray. 874. Cran. Skel. Raia laevis, Mitch. Sharp-nosed Skate. 1159. Family Pristid/e. Cran. Skel. Pristis antiquorum (Linn.), Lath. Saw Fish. 1015, 1063, 1135. Order Squali. Sub-Order GALEI. Family Odontaspidid.e. Cran. Skel. Eugomphodus littoralis, Gill. Sand Shark; Shovel-nose. 1171. 1166. Family Galeorhinid.e. Cran. Skel. Eulamia milbertii (Mull, and Henle), Gill. Blue Shark. 673, 1269. Cran. Skel. Eulamia obseurus (Lesueur), Gill. Dusky Shark. 1172, 1262. Cran. Skel. Galeocerdo tigrinus, Miill. and Henle. Tiger Shark. 1052. Cran. Skel. Mustela canis (Mitch.), DeKay. Smooth Dogfish. 1167. Family Spinachxe. Cran. Skel. Squalus americanus- (Storer), Gill. Dogfish; Dog Shark. 1155. . 7'. .. 7-v :».>.■'. •• •' : 7 -V* 3--AAAA'4FfifrYZ* 'l ':-7 V^v-^'v'' '• '■.'^^ •■,v,-• -^ ^03$^?^