JMird Imrnn. 
A 
DICTIONARY 
OF 
MEDICAL SCIENCE; 
CONTAINING 
A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, 
HYGIENE, THERAPEUTICS, PHARMACOLOGY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, Ac, 
WITH THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES; NOTICES OF CLIMATE, AND OF 
CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULAE FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL, 
EMPIRICAL, AND DIETETIC PREPARATIONS, ETC. 
BY 
ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D.,LL.D., 
PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, ETC., IN JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, 
VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. 
ELEVENTH EDITION, REVISED. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
BLANCHARD AND LEA. 
1 854. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851, by 
BLANCHARD AND LEA, 
in the Office of the Clerk of the District Court of the United States, in and for the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
Printed by T. K. & P. G Collins. TO 
ROBERT M. PATTERSON, M. D. 
EX-PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, ETC. ETC. 
ONCE HIS COLLEAGUE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, 
ALWAYS HIS FRIEND, 
(Eijis Work is 
WITH UNCHANGED AND UNCHANGEABLE SENTIMENTS, BY 
THE AUTHOR. PREFACE TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. 
In issuing a new edition of his Dictionary the Author has, again, the pleasure 
to express his acknowledgments for the reception it has met with from the profes- 
sion. The last two editions comprised about nine thousand subjects and terms not 
contained in the edition immediately preceding, many of which had been introduced 
into medical terminology in consequence of the progress of the science, and others 
had escaped him in the previous revisions. 
That the author has not suffered his exertions to diminish, in the preparation of 
the present edition, is sufficiently manifested by the fact, that he has added about 
four thousand terms, which are not to be found in the last. These additions 
have necessarily required a great amount of labour, which has been cheerfully be- 
stowed, however, in order that the work might be rendered still more worthy of the 
vast favour which it has experienced. It has been the anxious desire of the author 
to make it a satisfactory and desirable-if not indispensable-lexicon, in which the 
student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legitimated 
in the nomenclature of the science; and the present very carefully revised, greatly 
enlarged, and accurately printed edition cannot fail to be more extensively useful, 
and to offer stronger claims to the attention of the practitioner and student, than 
any of its predecessors. 
ROBLEY DUNGLISON. 
Philadelphia, 18 Girard Street. EXTRACT FROM THE 
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
The present undertaking was suggested by the frequent complaints, made by the 
author's pupils, that they were unable to meet with information on numerous topics 
of professional inquiry,-especially of recent introduction,-in the medical diction- 
aries accessible to them. It may, indeed, be correctly affirmed, that we have no 
dictionary of medical subjects and terms which can be looked upon as adapted to the 
state of the science. In proof of this, the author need but remark, that he has found 
occasion to add several thousand medical terms, which are not to be met with in the 
only medical lexicon at this time in circulation in the country. 
The author's object has not been to make a mere lexicon or dictionary of terms, 
but to afford, under each, a condensed view of its various medical relations, and thus 
to render the work an epitome of the existing condition of medical science. In its 
preparation, he has freely availed himself of the English, French, and German 
works of the same nature, and has endeavoured to add every subject and term of 
recent introduction, which has fallen under his notice; yet, with all his care, it will 
doubtless be found that subjects have been omitted. The numerous additions, how- 
ever, which he has made, and his strong desire to be useful, " by removing rubbish 
and clearing obstructions from the paths through which learning and genius press 
forward to conquest and glory," will, he trusts, extenuate these and other objections 
that might be urged against the work; especially when the toil, which every com- 
piler of a dictionary must endure, is taken into consideration; a toil which has been 
so forcibly depicted by the great English Lexicographer, as well as by the distin- 
guished Scaliger : 
"Si quelqu'un a commis quelque crime odieux, 
S'il a tu6 son pSre, ou blasphSmS les Dieux, 
Qu'il fasse un Lexicon: s'il est supplice au monde 
Qui le punisse mieux, je veux que 1'on me tonde." EXPLANATION. 
If the simple synonymy of any term be needed, a mere reference to the term 
may be sufficient; but if farther information be desired, it may be obtained under 
the term referred to. For example, the French word Tronc is said to be synony- 
mous with Trunk. This may be sufficient for the inquirer: should it not, the 
requisite information may be found by turning to Trunk. 
ABBREVIATIONS ARBITRARILY EMPLOYED. 
Nat. Ord. Natural Order. 
P. Portuguese. 
Ph. D. Pharmacopoeia of Dublin. 
Ph. E. il Edinburgh. 
Ph. L. " London. 
Ph. P. " Paris. 
Ph. U.S. " of the Uni- 
ted States 
of America. 
R. Reaumur. 
S. Spanish. 
S. g. Specific Gravity. 
Sax. Anglo-Saxon. 
Sex. Syst. Sexual System. 
Sw. Swedish. 
Arab. Arabic. 
Ch. Chaussier. 
D. Dutch. 
Da. Danish. 
E. English. 
F. French. 
F. or Fah. Fahrenheit. 
Fam. Family. 
Gr. German. 
Heb. Hebrew. 
I. Italian. 
Ir. Irish. 
L. Latin. 
Linn. Linnaeus. A 
NEW DICTIONARY 
OF 
MEDICAL SCIENCE. 
A 
A, before a consonant; An before a vowel, a, av, 
have, in the compound medical terms, a privative 
or debasing signification, like that of the particles 
in, im, un, ir, in English. Thus: Stheni'a means 
strength;-Astheni'a, want of strength;-Ana- 
mia, want of blood, &c. Occasionally, in com- 
pound words, they have an intensive meaning. 
AACHEN, Aix-la-Chapelle. 
A, or *.*. See Abbreviation. 
AARZHIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. 
is in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. The 
chief spring contains chlorides of calcium and 
sodium, sulphates of lime and soda, oxyd of iron, 
and sulphohydric acid gas. 
A ASM US, Anhelatio. 
ABACK, MINERAL WATERS OF. A hydro- 
sulphuretted saline spring, not far from Ratisbon 
or Regentsberg in Bavaria. 
ABAISSEMENT, Depression: see Cataract- 
a. de la Matrice, Prolapsus uteri. 
AB AIS SE UR DE L'AILE DU NEZ, De- 
pressor alae nasi-a. de Vangle des levres, De- 
pressor anguli oris-a. de la livre inferieure, 
Depressor labii inferioris-a. de la machoire in- 
ftrieure, Digastricus-a. de Vail, Rectus inferior 
oculi. 
ABALIENATIO MENTIS, Insanity. 
ABALIENA'TUS. Corrup'tus, Corrupted; from 
ab, and alienus, 'different.' Membra abaliena'ta. 
Limbs dead or benumbed. - Celsus, Scribonius 
Largus. 
ABANGA. Name given by the inhabitants of 
St. Thomas to the fruit of a palm tree, the seeds 
of which they consider very useful in diseases of 
the chest, in the dose of three or four, two or 
three times a day. 
ABAPTIST'A. Abaptiston or Abaptis'turn, from 
a, privative, and Pairrigtav, 'to plunge.' A term 
applied to the old trepan, the conical shape of 
which prevented it from plunging suddenly into 
the cavity of the cranium. 
ABAPTISTON, Abaptista. 
ABAPTISTUM, Abaptista. 
ABAREMO-TEMO. A Brazilian tree, which 
grows in the mountains, and appears to be a 
mimosa. Piso relates that the decoction of its 
bark, which is bitter and astringent, was applied 
in that country, to ulcers of a bad character. 
ABARNAHAS, Magnesia. 
ABARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis and Synar- 
throsis. 
A BA TARDISSEMENT, Degeneration. 
ABATTEMENT, Prostration. 
AB ATTIS, Giblets. 
A. 
ABBREVIATION 
ABBECOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
chalybeate spring, six leagues from Paris, and 
one from Poissy. It was once much frequented, 
but is now abandoned. 
ABBEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. An 
acidulous chalybeate at Abbeville, in the depart- 
ment of Somme, France. 
ABBREVIATION, Abbrevia'tio, Brachyn'sis, 
Brachys'mos, Abbreviatu'ra. (F.) Abreviation, 
from brevis, 'short.' Abbreviations are chiefly 
used in medicinal formulae. They are by no 
means as frequently employed now as of old, when 
every article had its appropriate symbol. The 
chief abbreviations now adopted are the following: 
R. Recipe, Take. 
A. aa, ana, (ava) utriusque, of each. 
Abdom. Abdomen. 
Abs. Febr. Absents febre, In the absence of fever. 
Ad. or Add. Adde or addatur. 
Ad Lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. 
Admov. Admoveatur, Let it be applied. 
Altern. Hor. Altsrnis horis, Every other hour. 
Aly. Adstrict. Alvo adstricta, The bowels be- 
ing confined. 
Aq. Aqua, Water. 
Aq. Comm. Aqua communis, Common water. 
Aq. Font. Aqua fontis, Spring water. 
Aq. Bull. Aqua bullions, Boiling water. 
Aq. Ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot water. 
Aq. Marin. Aqua marina, Sea water. 
B. A. Balneum arena, A sand-bath. 
Bals. Balsamum, Balsam. 
BB. BBDS. Barbadensis, Barbadoes. 
Bib. Bibe, Drink. 
Bis ind. Bis indies, Twice daily. 
B. M. Balneum maria, A salt water bath. 
Bol. Bolus. 
Bull. Bulliat, Let it boil. 
But. Butyrum, Butter. 
B. V. Balneum vaporis, A vapour-bath. 
Cajrul. Caruleus, Blue. 
Cap. Capiat, Let him take. 
C. C. Cornu cervi, Hartshorn. 
C. C. U. Cornu cervi ustum, Burnt hartshorn. 
C. M. Cras mani, To-morrow morning. 
C. N. Cras node, To-morrow night. 
C. V. Cras vespere, To-morrow evening. 
Cochl. Cochleare, A spoonful. 
Cochl. Ampl. Cochleare amplum, A large 
spoonful. 
Cochl. Inf. Cochleare infantum, A child's 
spoonful. 
Cochl. Mod. or Med. Cochleare modicum or 
medium, A dessert-spoonful. 
33 ABBREVIATION 
Cochl. Parv. Oochleareparvum, A tea-spoonful. 
Col. Cola, and Colaturoe, Strain, and to the 
strained. 
Comp. Compositus, Compound. 
Conf. Confectio, Confection. 
Cons. Conserva, Conserve. 
Cont. Continuetur, Let it be continued. 
Coq. Coque, Boil. 
Cort. Cortex, Bark. 
Crast. Crastinus, For to-morrow. 
Cuj. Cujus, Of which. 
Cujusl. Cujualibet, Of any. 
Cyath. Cyathus, A glassful. 
Cyath. ThejE, A cup of tea. 
P. Dosis, A dose. 
P. et S. Detur et eignetur, (placed at the end 
of a prescription.) 
D. I). Detur ad, Let it be given in or to. 
D. P. Vitr. Detur ad vitrum, Let it be given 
in a glass. 
Peaur. Pil. Deaurentur pilules, Let the pills 
be gilded. 
• Peb. Spiss. Debita spissitudo, A due consist- 
ence. 
Pec. Decanta, Pour off. 
Pecub. Decubitus, Lying down, going to bed. 
Pe P. in P. De die in diem, From day to day. 
Pej. Alv. Dejectiones aim, Alvine evacuations. 
Pep. Depuratus, Purified. 
Pet. Detur, Let it be given. 
Pieb. Altern. Diebus alternis, Every other day. 
Pieb. Tert. Zh'e&us tertiis, Every third day. 
Pig. Digeratur, Let it be digested. 
Pil. Dilutus, Pilute. 
Pim. Dimidius, One-half. 
Pist. Distilla, Pistil. 
Piv. Divide, Pivide. 
Ponec Alv. Solut. Fuer. Donee alvus aoluta 
fuerit, Until the bowels are opened. 
Brack. Drachma, A drachm. 
Ejusd. Ejusdem, Of the same. 
Enem. Enema, A clyster. 
Exhib. Exhibeatur, Let it be exhibited. 
Ext. super Alut. Extende super alutam, Spread 
upon leather. 
F. Fiat, Let it be made. 
F. Pil. Fiat pilula, Make into a pill. 
F. Ven.es. or F. VS. Fiat vencesectio, Let bleed- 
ing be performed. 
Feb. Pur. Febre durante, The fever continuing. 
Fem. Intern. Femoribus internis, To the inside 
of the thighs. 
Fist. Armat. Fistula armata, A bag and pipe, 
a clyster pipe and bladder fitted for use. 
Fl. Fluidus, and Flores, Fluid, and Flowers. 
Frust. Frustillatim, In small pieces. 
Gel. Quavis, Gelatind quavis, In any kind 
of jelly. 
G. G. G. Gummi guttoe Gambia, Gamboge. 
Gr. Granum, A grain. 
Gtt. Gutta, A drop. 
Gtt. or Gutt. Quibusd. Guttis quibusdam, With 
some drops. 
Gum. Gummi, Gum. 
Guttat. Guttatm, By drops. 
IIor. Pecub. Hord decubitfis, At bed-time. 
Hor. Interm. Horis interniediis, At interme- 
diate hours. 
II. S. Hord somni, At bed-time. 
Inf. Infunde, Infuse. 
Ind. Indies, Paily. 
Inj. Enem. Injiciatur enema, Let a clyster be 
given. 
In Pulm. In pulmento, In gruel. 
Jul. Julepus, A julep. 
Lat. Pol. Lateri dolenti, To the pained side. 
Lb. and Lib. Libra, A pound weight. 
Lib. Llb, Librae, Pounds. 
34 
ABBREVIATION 1 
Liq. Liquor. 
M. Mince, Mix. 
Mac. Macera, Macerate. 
Man. Manipulus, A handful. 
Man. Prim. Maue primo, Early in the morning. 
Mic. Pan. Mica panis, Crumb of bread. 
Min. Minimum, The 60th part of a drachm by 
measure. 
Mitt. Mitte, Send. 
Mitt. Sang. Mittatur sanguis, Let blood be 
drawn. 
Mod. Prescript. Modo prascripto, In the 
manner directed. 
Mor. Sol. More solito, In the usual manner. 
Muc. Mucilago, Mucilage. 
N. M. Nux moschata, Nutmeg. 
O. Oetarius, A pint. 
Ol. Oleum, Oil. 
Ol. Lini, S. I. Oleum Uni sine igne, Cold-drawn 
linseed oil. 
Omn. Bid. Omni biduo, Every two days. 
Omn. Bih. Omni bihorio, Every two hours. 
Omn. Hor. Omni hord, Every hour. 
Omn. Man. Omni mani, Every morning. 
Omn. Nocte, Every night. 
Omn. Quadr. Hor. Omni quadrants hora, 
Every quarter of an hour. 
O. 0. 0. Oleum oliva optimum, Best olive oil. 
Ov. Ovum, An egg. 
Ox. Oxymel. 
Oz. Uneia, An ounce. 
P. Pondere, By weight. 
P. and Pug. Pugillus, A pugil. 
P. Al. Partes aquales, Equal parts. 
Part. Vic. Partitis vieibus, In divided doses. 
Peract. Op. Emet. Peractd, operations emetici, 
The operation of the emetic being over. 
Pil. Pilula, A pill. 
Post Sing. Sed. Liq. Post singulas cedes 
liquidas, After every liquid evacuation. 
Pot. Potio, A potion. 
P. P. Pulvis patrum, Jesuits' bark. 
P. Rat. tEtat. Pro rations atatis, According 
to the age. 
P. R. N. Pro re natd, As occasion may be. 
Pulv. Pulvis, A powder. 
Q. P. Quantum placeat, As much as may please. 
Q. S. Quantum sufficiat, As much as is sufficient. 
Quon. Quorum, Of which. 
Q. V. Quantum volueris, As much as you wish. 
Rad. Radix, Root. 
Ras. Rasura, Shavings. 
Rect. Rectificatus, Rectified. 
Red. or Redig. in Pulv. Redactus in pulve- 
rem, or Redigatur in Pulverem, Powdered, or Let 
it be powdered. 
Reg. Umbil. Regio umbilici, The umbilical re- 
gion. 
Repet. Repetatur, Let it be repeated. 
S. A. Secundum artem, According to art. 
Sem. Semen, Seed. 
Semi-dr. Semi-drachma. Half a drachm. 
Semi-h. Semi-hora, Half an hour. 
Serv. Serra, Keep, preserve. 
Sesquih. Sesquihora, An hour and a half. 
Sesunc. Sesuncia, An ounce and a half. 
Si Non Val. Si non valeat, If it does not answer. 
Si Op. Sit. Si opus sit, If there be need. 
Si Vir. Perm. Si vires permittant, If the strength 
will permit. 
Solv. Solve, Dissolve. 
Sp. and Spir. Spiritus, Spirit. 
Ss. Semi, One half. 
St. Stet, Let it stand. 
Sub Fin. Coct. Sub finem coctionis, Towards 
the end of the boiling. 
Sum. Surnat, Let him take; also, Summitates, 
The tops. ABCES 
S. V. Spiritus vini, Spirit of wine. 
S. V. R. Spiritus vini rectijicatus, Rectified 
spirit of wine. 
S. V. T. Spiritus vini tenuior, Proof spirit of 
wine. 
Syr. Syrupus, Syrup. 
Temp. Dext. Tempori dextro, To the right 
temple. 
T. 0. Tinctura opii, Tincture of opium. 
Tr., Tra. and Tinct. Tinctura, Tincture. 
Trit. Tritura, Triturate. 
V. 0. S. or Vit. Ov. Sol. Vitello ovi solutus, 
Dissolved in the yolk of an egg. 
VS. Vencesectio, Venesection. 
Z. Z. Anciently myrrh: now zinziber or ginger, 
lb, Libra, A pound. 
3, Uncia, An ounce. 
q. Drachma, A drachm. 
V). Scrupulum, A scruple. 
hX, Minimum, A minim. 
ss, Semissis, or half; iss, one and a half. 
j, one; ij, two; iij, three; iv, four, &c. 
The same system is not always followed in ab- 
breviating. The subjoined will exhibit the usual 
mode: 
R 
Inf us. Golomb. f 
Tinct. Gent. c. f 31 
Syr. Cort. Aurant. f gss 
Tinct. caps. gtt. xl. M. 
Capt. coch. ij. p. r. n. 
This, written at length, is as follows: 
Recipe 
Infusi OolombcE sesqui-fluidunciam. 
ZVncturcE Gentiana Composites fluidrachmam. 
Syrupi Corticis Aurantiorum semi-fluidrach- 
mam. 
Tinctures Capsid guttas quadraginta. 
Misce. 
Capiat cochlearia duo pro re natS,. 
ABCES, Abscess-a. Aigu, see Abscess-a. 
Chaud, see Abscess-a. Ohronique, see Abscess- 
a. Par congestion, see Abscess-a. Diathesique, 
see Abscess-a. Froid, see Abscess-a. Mitasta- 
tique, see Abscess-a. Scrofuleux, see Abscess- 
a. Soudain, see Abscess. 
ABDO'MEN, from abdere, 'to conceal;'- 
Etron, Hypogas'trion, Hypocce'lium, Epis'chion, 
Lap'ara, Hypochoi'lion, Gaster, Hypou'trion, 
Nedys, Abdu'men, Venter, Venter imus, Venter 
in'fimus, Alvus, U'terus, The belly, (F.) Ventre, 
V. inferieur, Bas ventre. The largest of the 
three splanchnic cavities, bounded, above, by the 
diaphragm; below, by the pelvis; behind, by the 
lumbar vertebrae; and at the sides and fore part, 
by muscular expansions. It is distinguished into 
three anterior regions, from above to below; viz. 
the epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric, each 
of which is itself divided into three others, one 
middle, and two lateral: thus, the epigastric re- 
gion comprises the epigastrium and hypochon- 
dria; the umbilical, the umbilicus and flanks or 
lumbar regions; and the hypogastric, the hypo- 
gastrium and iliac regions. None of these re- 
gions has its limits well defined. The chief vis- 
cera contained in the cavity of the abdomen, 
Coe'lia, Cavum Abdom'inis, are the stomach, in- 
testines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, Ac. It 
is lined by the peritoneum. 
Abdomen, Pendulous, Physconia. 
ABDOM'INAL, Abdomina' lis, Ventra'lis, Ven- 
tral. That which belongs to the Abdomen, as 
abdominal muscles, abdominal viscera, Ac. 
ABDOMINIS EXPLORATIO, Abdominos- 
copia. 
ABDOMINISCOP'IA, Gastroscop'ia. A hy- 
brid word, from Abdomen, 'the lower belly,' and 
aicoircw, 'I view;' Laparoscop'ia, Abdom'inis Ex- 
35 
ABDUCTOR 
plora'tio. Examination of the lower belly as a 
means of diagnosis. See Auscultation. 
ABDUCENS LABIORUM, Levator anguli 
oris. 
ABDUCENTES, Motor oculi externus. 
ABDUCTEUR DE L'(EIL, Rectus externus 
oculi-a. de Voreille, Abductor auris-a. du grot 
orteil, Abductor pollicis pedis-a. du petit orteil, 
Abductor minimi digiti pedis-a. court du pouce, 
Abductor pollicis brevis-a. long du pouce, Ab- 
ductor longus pollicis. 
ABDUC'TION, Abduc'tio, from abducere, to 
separate, (ab and ducere, 'to lead.') The move- 
ment which separates a limb or other part from 
the axis of the body. 
The word has also been used synonymously 
with Abrup'tio, Apag'ma, Apoclas'ma, a fracture 
near the articular extremity of a bone, with sepa- 
ration of the fragments. 
ABDUC'TOR, same etymon. (F.) Abducteur. 
A muscle which moves certain parts by separat- 
ing them from the axis of the body. 
Abductor Auricularis, Abductor auris-a. 
Indicis pedis, Prior indicis pedis, Posterior indicis 
pedis - a. Medii digiti pedis, Prior medii digiti 
pedis-a. Minimi digiti, Flexor parvus minimi 
digiti-a. Minimi digiti, Prior minimi digiti-a. 
Oculi, Rectus externus oculi-a. Pollicis mantis, 
and a. Brevis alter, Abductor pollicis brevis. 
Abductor Auris, Abductor auricula'ris. (F.) 
Abducteur de Voreille. A portion of the posterior 
auris, whose existence is not constant, which 
passes from the mastoid process to the concha. 
Abductor In'dicis, Semi-interos'seus in'dicis. 
A muscle which arises from the os trapezium and 
metacarpal bone of the thumb, and is inserted 
into the first bone of the forefinger. Its use is to 
bring the forefinger towards the thumb. 
Abductor Min'imi Dig"iti, Oarpo-phalan'geus 
min'imi digiti, Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt, 
Exten'sor ter'tii interno'dii minimi digiti-(Dou- 
glas.) Hypoth'enar minor metacarpeus. See 
Flexor parvus. It originates fleshy from the os 
pisiforme, and from the annular ligament near 
it; and is inserted, tendinous, into the inner side 
of the base of the first bone of the little finger. 
Use, to draw the little finger from the rest. 
Abductor Minimi Digiti Pedis, Calco-sub- 
phalangeus minimi digiti, Calcaneo-phalangien 
du petit orteil, Parath'enar major-(By Wins- 
low, the muscle is divided into two portions,- 
Parathenar major and metatarseus.) Oalcaneo- 
sous-phalangien du petit orteil-(Ch.) (F.) Ab- 
ducteur du petit orteil. This muscle forms the 
outer margin of the sole of the foot, and is im- 
mediately beneath the plantar aponeurosis. It 
arises, tendinous and fleshy, from the outer side 
of the protuberance of the os calcis, and from 
the root of the metatarsal bone of the little toe, 
and is inserted into the outer part of the root 
of the first bone of the little toe. Use, to draw 
the little toe outwards. 
Abductor Pol'licis Brevis, Abductor Polli- 
cis Mantis, Scapho-carpo-super-phalangeus Pol- 
licis, Sus-phalangien du pouce, A. pollicis manus 
and A. brevis alter-(Albinus.) (F.) Abducteur 
court du pouce, Carpo-sus-phalangien du pouce- 
(Ch.) A short, flat, triangular muscle, which arises 
from the anterior surface of the os scaphoides and 
the annular ligament of the carpus, and termi- 
nates at the outside of the upper extremity of 
the first phalanx of the thumb. A particular 
,portion, on the inner side of this muscle, is 
called, by Albinus, Abductor brevis alter. 
Abductor Longus Pollicis, A. I. P. Mantis, 
Extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis mantis, Extensor 
primi internodii-(Douglas,) Extensor primus 
Pollicis, Cubito-radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce, ABDUMEN 
Cubito-sus-mitacarpien du pouce,- (Ch.) (F.) 
Abducteur long du pouce. A long, thin muscle, 
arising from the posterior surface of the ulna, 
radius, and interosseous ligament, and inserted 
at the outer side of the upper extremity of the 
first metacarpal bone. 
Abductor Pollicis Pedis, Calco-sub-pbalan- 
geus Pol'hcis. (F.) Abducteur du gros orteil. 
This muscle arises, fleshy, from the anterior and 
inner part of the protuberance of the os calcis, 
and tendinous from the same bone where it joins 
with the os naviculare. It is inserted, tendinous, 
into the internal os sesamoideum and root of the 
first bone of the great toe. Use, to pull the great 
toe from the rest. 
The name Abductor has been given also to all 
those interosseous muscles of the hand and foot, 
which perform the motion of abduction on the 
fingers or toes, and to muscles which execute the 
same function on other parts of the body. 
ABDUMEN, Abdomen. 
ABEBzE'OS, from a, neg. and (3tfiaios, 'firm,' 
Infir'mus, Deb'ilis. Weak, infirm, unsteady. 
ABEILLE, Bee. 
ABELMELUCH. One of the names of the Rici- 
nus, according to some authors.-Prosper Alpinus 
says that a tree, which grows about Mecca, is so 
called. Its seeds, which are black and oblong, 
are said to be a most violent cathartic. 
ABELMOSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus-a. 
Moschatus, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
ABELMUSK, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
ABENSBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A. 
is a city of Bavaria, where there is a cold, sul- 
phureous spring. 
ABERRATIO, Aberration-a. Lactis, Galac- 
toplania-a. Mensium, Menstruation, vicarious- 
a. Menstruorum, Menstruation, vicarious. 
ABERRA'TION, Aberra'tio, from aberrare, 
(ab and errare,) 'to stray,' 'to wander from.' 
This word has several meanings. 
1. The passage of a fluid of the living body 
into an order of vessels not destined for it. In 
this sense it is synonymous with the Error Loci 
of Boerhaave. 
2. The flow of a fluid towards an organ different 
from that to which it is ordinarily directed ; as in 
cases of vicarious hemorrhage. Aberrations of 
sense or judgment are certain errors in the percep- 
tions, or certain derangements of the intellectual 
faculties. 
The word is used in optics to designate the dis- 
persion of the rays of light in passing through a 
lens. 
Aberration, Chromatic, Aberration of Re- 
frangibility. 
Aberration of Refrangibil'ity, Ohromat'ic 
aberra'tion, exists, when, as in a common lens, 
the rays that pass near the circumference of the 
lens are decomposed, so that a coloured image is 
observed. This aberration in the human eye is 
corrected by the iris, which does not permit the 
rays to fall near the circumference of the lens, 
and also by the crystalline lens itself, which, 
owing to its structure, serves the purposes of an 
achromatic glass. 
Aberration, Spherical, Aberration of sphe- 
ricity. 
Aberration of Spheric"ity or spher'ical ab- 
erra'tion takes place, when the rays, as in a com- 
mon lens, which pass through the centre of the 
lens, and those which pass near the circumfer- 
ence, are unequally refracted, so that they do nek 
meet at a common focus. 
This aberration of sphericity in the human eye 
Is corrected by the iris. 
ABESSI, Realgar. 
ABEVACUA'TIO, Apoceno'sis, from ab, and 
36 
5 ABORTION 
evacuare, 'to empty.' An evacuation. A partial 
or imperfect evacuation. By some it is applied 
to an immoderate evacuation.-Kraus. 
ABHAL. A fruit well known in India, and 
obtained from a species of cypress. It passes for 
an emmenagogue. 
ABIES, Pinus picea-a. Balsamea, Pinus bal- 
samea. 
Abies Balsamifera, Pinus balsamea-a. Ca- 
nadensis, Pinus Canadensis-a. Excelsa, see Pinus 
abies-a. Gallica, Pinus picea-a. Larix, Pinus 
larix-a. Pectinata, Pinus picea-a. Picea, Pinus 
picea-a. Rubra, Pinus rubra. 
ABIGA, Teucrium Chamaepitys. 
ABIOSIS, Death. 
ABIOTOS, Conium maculatum. 
ABIRRITA'TION. Abirrita'tio, from ab, priva- 
tive, and irritatio, 'irritation.' This word strictly 
means absence or defect of irritation. The disci- 
ples of Broussais used it to indicate a pathological 
condition, opposite to that of irritation. It may 
be considered as synonymous with debility, 
asthenia, Ac. 
ABLACTATIO, Weaning. 
ABLASTES, Sterile. 
ABLATIO, Extirpation. 
ABLEPII'ARUS, from a, privative, and 
Qapov, ' eyelid.' One who has no eyelids. 
ABLEPSIA, Ceecitas. 
ABLUENTIA, Detergents. 
ABLU'TION, Ablu'tio, Aponip'aie, Cataclys'- 
mus, from abluere, (ab and luere,) 'to wash.' A 
name given to legal ceremonies in which the 
body is subjected to particular affusions. Ablution 
(especially of the extremities) with cold or tepid 
water is employed, therapeutically, to reduce 
febrile heat. Also, the washing by which medi- 
cines are separated from the extraneous matters 
mixed with them. 
ABNORMAL, Abnormous. 
ABNORMITY, Anomalia. 
ABNOR'MOUS, Abnor'mal, (F.) Anormal, 
from ab, 'from,' and norma, 'rule.' Not con- 
formable to rule; irregular. 
ABOLP'TION, Aboli"tio, destruction or sup- 
pression, from ab and luere (?) 'to wash.' A 
word, often employed, especially by the French, 
to express the complete suspension of any symp- 
tom or function. Abolition of the siyht, e. g. is 
the complete loss of sight. 
ABOMA'SUS, Aboma' sum, Enys'tron, Rennet. 
The lowermost or fourth stomach of ruminating 
animals. 
ABOMINATIO, Disgust. 
ABONDANCE, Plethora. 
ABORSIO, Abortion. 
ABORSUS, Abortion. 
ABORTICIDIUM, Foeticide. 
AB0RT1F, Abortive. 
ABORTIFACIENS, Abortive. 
ABORTION, Abor'tus, Abor'sua, Abor'sio, Dye- 
to'cia aborti'va, Omoto'cia, Paracye'sis abortus, 
Amblo'sis, Amblo'ma, Amblos'mue, Ec'bole, Em- 
bryotoc'ia, Diapk'thora, Ectro'sis, Examblo'ma, 
Examblo'ais, Eetros'mos, Apopalle'sis, Apopal'sis, 
Apoph'thora, Phthora, Convul'sio u'teri, J)eper- 
di'tio. (F.) AvortementjBlessure, Miscarriage, from 
ab and oriri, 'to rise,' applied to that which has 
arisen out of season. The expulsion of the foetus 
before the seventh month of utero-gestation, or 
before it is viable. The causes of this accident 
are referrible either to the mother, and particu- 
larly to the uterus; or to the foetus and its de- 
pendencies. The causes, in the mother, may be : 
-extreme nervous susceptibility, great debility, 
plethora; faulty conformation, Ac.; and it is fre- 
quently induced immediately by intense mental 
emotion, violent exercise, Ac. The causes seated ABORTIVE 
In the foetus are its death, rupture of the mem- 
branes, <tc. It most frequently occurs between 
the 8th and 12th weeks of gestation. The symp- 
toms of abortion are:-uterine hemorrhage with 
er without flakes of decidua, with intermitting 
pain. When abortion has once taken place, it is 
extremely apt to recur in subsequent pregnancies 
about the same period. Some writers have called 
abortion, when it occurs prior to three months, 
Effluxion. The treatment must vary according to 
the constitution of the patient and the causes giv- 
ing rise to it. In all eases, the horizontal posture 
and perfect quietude are indispensable. 
Abortion is likewise applied to the product of 
an untimely birth,-Abor'tua, Abor'aua, Apoble'- 
ma, Apob'ole, Ecblo'ma, Amblothrid'ion, Ectro'ma, 
Fruc'tua immatu'rua, Abortment. (F.) Avorton, 
Avortin. 
TO ABORT, Abori'ri. Tomiscarry. (F.)Avorter. 
ABOR'TIVE, Aborti'vua, Ecbol'iua, Amblo'ti- 
cua, Amblothrid'ium, Ambol'icua, Phthor'iua, Apo- 
phthor' iua, Ectrot'icua, Abortifa'ciena, Aeyte'- 
riua, Expel'lena, Phthiroc'tonua, Phthoroc'tonua, 
Ecbol'icua, Oontrac'tor u'teri, Accelera'tor Partua, 
Parturient, Parturifa'cient, Ecbolic. (F.) Abor- 
tif. A medicine to which is attributed the pro- 
perty of causing abortion. There is probably 
no direct agent of the kind. 
ABORTMENT, Abortion. 
ABORTUS, Abortion. 
ABO VEHEMENT, Anastomosis. 
ABOULAZA, a tree of Madagascar, used, ac- 
cording to Flacourt, in the practice of the coun- 
try, in diseases of the heart. 
ABOUTISSEMENT, Suppuration. 
ABRABAX, Abraaax, Abraxaa. A mystic 
term, expressing the number 365, to which the 
Cabalists attributed miraculous properties. 
ABRACADA'BRA: the name of a Syrian 
Idol, according to Selden. This word, when 
pronounced and repeated in a certain form and 
a certain number of times, was supposed to have 
the power of curing fevers and preventing many 
diseases. It was figured on amulets and worn 
suspended around the neck. 
37 
ABSINTHITES 
Cathsum, Artemisia abrotanum-a. Mas, Arte- 
misia abrotanum. 
ABROTONI'TES, (oivos, 'wine,' understood.) 
Wine impregnated with Artemisia Abrotanum or 
Southernwood. 
ABROTONUM, Artemisia Abrotanum. 
ABRUPTIO, Abduction. 
ABRUS PRECATO'RIUS, Liq'uorice Bush, 
lied Bean, Love pea. A small ornamental shrub, 
found from Florida to Brazil, as well as in Egypt 
and the West Indies; Nat. Ord. Leguminosse. 
Sex. Syst. Monadelphia enneandria; having beau- 
tiful scarlet seeds with a black spot. The roots 
and leaves are sweet mucilaginous demulcents. 
The seeds of the American kind are considered 
to be purgative and poisonous. 
ABSCESS, from abscedo, (abs, and cedere,) 'I 
depart,' or ' separate from.' Abeces' sue, Absces'- 
sio, Aphiste' eis, Aposte'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis, 
Reces'sus, Impos'thume. (F.) Abces, Depot. A col- 
lection of pus in a cavity, the result of a morbid 
process. See Pyogenia, and Suppuration. < t 
The French have various distinctive terms for 
Abscesses. 
ABCES CHAUD, AIGU, S0UDA1N, is one 
which follows violent inflammation. 
ABCES FROID, CHRONIQUE, SOROFU- 
LEUX, one which is the result of chronic or 
scrofulous inflammation. 
ABCES PAR CONGESTION, A. diathF 
sique, a symptomatic abscess; one which occurs 
in a part at a distance from the inflammation by 
which it is occasioned: e. g. a lumbar abscess; 
in which the inflammation may be in the lumbar 
vertebrae, whilst the pus exhibits itself at the 
groin. 
Abscess, Metastat'ic, Absces'sus metastat'- 
icus, (F.) Aires mitastatique; A. eonstcutif, an 
abscess, which forms suddenly, and sometimes 
without any precursory signs of inflammation, in 
a part of the body remote from one in a state 
of suppuration, and without presenting a suffi- 
cient reason for its development in the place 
which it occupies. It is a consequence of phle- 
bitis. 
Abscess, Perforating of the Lung, see 
Lung, perforating abscess of the-a. Psoas, Lum- 
bar abscess-a. Retropharyngeal, see Retropha- 
ryngeal. 
Abscesses Capitis Sanguineus Neonatorum, 
Cephalaamatoma-a. Cerebri, Encephalopyosis- 
a. Gangraenescens, Anthrax-a. GangrtenOsus, 
Anthrax-a. Lacteus, Mastodynia apostematosa 
-a. Lumborum, Lumbar abscess-a. Mammae, 
Mastodynia apostematosa-a. Metastaticus, Ab- 
scess, metastatic-a. Nucleatus, Furunculus-a. 
Oculi, Hypopyon - a. Pectoris, Empyema - a. 
Pulmonum, Pneumapostema-a. Renalis, Ne- 
phrapostasis-a. Spirituosus, Aneurism-a. Tho- 
racis, Empyema-a. Urinosus, Urapostema. 
ABSCISSIO PRASPUTII, Circumcision. 
ABSCIS'SION, Abscis'io, Abscis'sio, from ab- 
scidere or abscindere, 'to cut off,' Apoc'ope, 
Apothrau'sis, Diac'ope. Excision or extirpation 
of a part, especially of a soft part.-Fabricius 
Hildanus. 
Fracture or injury of soft parts, with loss of 
substance.-Hippocrates. 
Diminution, or loss of voice.-Celsus. 
Sudden and premature termination of a dis- 
ease.-Galen. 
ABSCONSIO, Sinus. 
ABSENCE DU BRUIT RESPIRATOIRE, 
see Murmur, respiratory. 
ABSINTHI'TES, Apsintki'tes,Wine 
impregnated with Absinthium or Wormwood.- 
Dioscorides. 
ABRAC AL AN, A cabalistic term to which the 
Jews attributed the same virtue as to the word 
Abracadabra. 
ABRASAX, Abrabax. 
ABRA'SION, Abra'sio, Aponyr'ma, Apoxys'- 
miis, from abradere, (ab and radere,) 'to rasp.' 
A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance, 
under the form of small shredn, in the mucous 
membrane of the intestines,-(F.) Raclures den 
Boyaux. Also, an ulceration of the skin, pos- 
sessing similar characters. According to Vicq 
d'Azyr, the word has been used for the absorp- 
tion of the molecules composing the various 
organs. 
ABRATIIAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
Abrabax. 
AB RE VIATI ON, Abbreviation. 
ABRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca. 
ABROSIA, Abstinence. 
ABROTANUM, Artemisia abrotanum - a. ABSINTHIUM 
ABSINTHIUM, (Ph. U. S.,) Artemisia ab- 
finthium-a. Marinum, Artemisia maritima-a. 
Maritimum, Artemisia maritima-a. Ponticum, 
Artemisia pontica-a. Romanian, Artemisia pon- 
tica-a. Santonicum, Artemisia santonica-a. 
Vulgare, Artemisia absinthium. 
ABSORBANT, Absorbent. 
ABSOR'BENT, Absor'bens, from absorbere, (ab 
and sorbere,) 'to drink, to suck up.' (F.) A6- 
sorbant. That which absorbs. 
Absorbent System is the collection of vessels, 
Vasa absorben'tia seu resorben'tia, and glands, 
which concur in the exercise of absorption. 
A medicine used for absorbing acidity in the 
stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, &c. In- 
vertens, Resor'bens, Sat'urans. 
Also, any substance, such as cobweb, sponge, 
&c., which, when applied to a bleeding surface, 
retains the blood, and forms with it a solid and 
adhesive compound, which arrests the hemor- 
rhage. 
ABSORPTIO, Absorption - a. Sanguinis, 
Hsemorrhophesis. 
ABSORP'TION, Resorp'tio, Inhala'tio, Im- 
bibi"tio, Absorp'tio, Anar'rhophe, Anar rophe'sis, 
Catapino'sis, Rhoebde'sis, Catarrhophe' sis, Ca- 
tar'rhophe ; same etymon. The function of ab- 
sorbent vessels, by virtue of which they take up 
substances from without or within the body. Two 
great divisions have been made of this function. 
1. External absorption, or the absorption of com- 
position, which obtains from without the organs 
the materials intended for their composition; 
and, 2. Internal absorption, or the absorption of 
decomposition, which takes up from the organs 
the materials that have to be replaced by the 
exhalants. 
By external absorption is meant not only that 
which takes place at the external surface of the 
body, but also that of the mucous membranes of 
the digestive and respiratory passages. Hence, 
again, the division of external absorption into cu- 
taneous-resorp'tio cuta'nea seu cutis, inhala'tio 
cutis,-intestinal or digestive, and pulmonary or 
respiratory. 
Internal absorption is also subdivided into, 
1. Molecular or interstitial, nutritive, organic, or 
decomposing, which takes up from each organ the 
materials that constitute it, so that the decompo- 
sition is always in equilibrio with the deposition. 
2. The absorption of recrementitial secreted fluids, 
such as the fluid of serous membranes, synovia, 
<tc. As these are constantly exhaled on surfaces 
which have no external outlet, they would aug- 
ment indefinitely, if absorption did not remove 
them in the same proportion as that in which they 
are deposited. 3. The absorption of a part of the 
excrementitial fluids, as they pass over the excre- 
tory passages. 
Absorption does not effect the decomposition of 
the body immediately. It merely prepares the 
fluid which has to be eliminated by the secretory 
organs. 
The great agents of external absorption are the 
veins and chyliferous vessels; of internal absorp- 
tion, probably the lymphatics. In the chylife- 
rous vessels and lymphatics the fluid is always 
found to possess the same general properties. 
In them, therefore, an action of elaboration or 
selection must have taken place. The veins, on 
the other hand, seem to exert no selection. Any 
fluid, possessing the necessary tenuity, passes 
through the coats of the vessel readily by imbibi- 
tion, and proceeds along with the torrent of the 
circulation. Watery fluids in this manner enter 
the blood when they are taken into the stomach. 
Substances that require digestion, on the other 
38 
5 ACAJOU 
hand, must pass through the chyliferous vessels 
and thoracic duct. 
Absorption op Composition, see Absorption- 
a. Cutaneous, see Absorption-a. of Decomposi- 
tion, see Absorption-a. Digestive, see Absorp- 
tion-a. External, see Absorption-a. of Excre- 
mentitial Secreted Fluids, see Absorption - a. 
Internal, see Absorption-a. Intestinal, see Ab- 
sorption-a. Interstitial, see Absorption-a. Mole- 
cular, see Absorption-a. Nutritive, see Absorption 
-a. Organic, see Absorption-a. Pulmonary, see 
Absorption-a. of Reerementitial Secreted Fluids, 
see Absorption-a. Respiratory, see Absorption. 
ABSTEME, Abstemious. 
ABSTE'MIOUS, Abste'mius, Aoi'nos, from abs, 
'without/ and temetum, 'wine.* (F.) Absteme. 
Used by the ancient writers, as well as by the 
French, in the sense only of its roots; one who 
abstains from wine or fermented liquors in ge- 
ABSTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
ABSTERSIVA, Detergents. 
ABSTERSORIA, Detergents. 
AB'STINENCE, Abstinen'tia, from abs, 'from/ 
and tenere, 'to hold/ Abros'ia, Asit'ia, Liman'- 
chia, Limocton'ia, Fasting. Privation, usually 
voluntary, as when we speak of abstinence from 
pleasure, abstinence from drink, <fcc. It is more 
particularly used to signify voluntary privation of 
certain articles of food. Fasting is a useful re- 
medial agent in certain diseases, particularly in 
those of an inflammatory character. 
ABSUS, a kind of cassia-C. Absus-which 
grows in Egypt and in India, the seeds of which, 
pulverized and mixed with powdered sugar have 
been employed, in form of a dry collyrium, in the 
endemic ophthalmia of Egypt. 
ABU'LIA; from a, 'privative/ and/3ouX>;, 'will.' 
Loss of the will, or of volition. 
ABU'LICUS; same etymon. One who has lost 
the power of will or of volition. 
ABUS DE SOI-MEME, Masturbation. 
ABUTA, Pareira brava. 
ABU'TILON CORDA'TUM, Sida abutilon, 
Yellow mallow. An indigenous plant, common 
from Canada to Mexico, which resembles common 
mallow in its medical virtues, being mucilaginous 
and demulcent. 
ABVACUA'TIO, an excessive or colliquative 
evacuation of any kind. 
ACACIA, (Ph.U.S.) Acacias gummi-a. Cate- 
chu, Catechu-a. False, Robinia pseudo-acacia- 
a. Germanica, see Prunus spinosa-a. Giraffe, see 
Aceacfe gummi-a. llorrida, see Acacia; gummi 
-a. Indica, Tamarindus-a. Nilotica, seeAeaciae 
gummi-a. Nostras, see Prunus spinosa-a. Sene- 
gal, seeAcacfe gummi-a. Vera, see A cacia* gum- 
mi-a. Zeylonica, Ifematoxylon Campechianum. 
ACACllE GUMMI, Aca'cia, from arn, 'a 
point/ so called in consequence of its spines, G. 
Aca'cite Arab'icce, G. Arab'icum, G. Acanth'inum, 
G. Leucum, G. Theba'icum, G. Serapio'nis, G. 
Lamac, G. Senega, or Seneca, (see Senegal, gum,) 
Gum Ar'abic. (F.) Gamut Arabique. The gum 
of the Aca'cia seu Alimo'sa Nilot'ica, Aca'cia vera, 
Spina AEgyptiaca, of Upper Egypt, Nat. Ord. 
Mimoseae. Sex. Syst. Polygamia Monoecia. It 
is in irregular pieces, colourless or of a pale yel- 
low colour, hard, brittle, of a shining fracture, 
transparent, soluble in water, and insoluble in 
alcohol, s. g. 1'4317. 
It is mucilaginous; but is rarely used, except 
in pharmacy. Sometimes it is administered alone 
as a demulcent. 
Acacia Horrida and A. Giraffe, of South Afri- 
ca, yield a good gum. 
ACAJOU, Anacardium occidentale. ACAMATUS 
Acajuba Officinalis, Anacardium occiden- 
tal e. 
Acal'ypha Vibgin'ica, Three-seeded mer'cury. 
Order, Euphorbiaceae, indigenous, flowering in 
August, is said to have expectorant and diuretic 
properties. 
ACAM'ATUS, from a, priv., and Kayvto, 'I la- 
bour.' This word has been sometimes used for 
a good constitution of the body. According to 
Galen, it means that position in which a limb is 
intermediate between flexion and extension; a 
position which may be long maintained without 
fatigue. 
ACAMPSIA, Contractura. 
ACANOS, Onopordium acanthium. 
Acanos Spina, Onopordium acanthium. 
AC ANTI! A, Vertebral column. Also, Spinous 
process of a vertebra. 
ACANTHAB'OLUS, Acan'thulus, Volsel'la, 
from 'a spine,' and/laAXw, 'I cast out.' 
A kind of forceps for removing extraneous sub- 
stances from wounds.-Paulus of JEgina, Fabri- 
cios ab Aquapendente, Scultetus, <fcc. 
ACANTHALZUCA, Echinops. 
AC AN THE FAUSSE, Heracleum spondy- 
lium. 
ACANTHIUM, Onopordium acanthium. 
ACANTHULUS, Acanthabolos. 
ACANTHUS MOLLIS, same etymon as Aea- 
cia, Melamphyl'lum, Branca ursi'na seu vera, 
Brankur'sine, Bear's Breech. (F.) Pied d'ours. 
This plant is mucilaginous like Althasa, and is 
used as a demulcent. 
ACAPATLI, Piper longum. 
ACAR'DIA, from a, priv., and Kapiia, 'the 
heart.' The state of a foetus without a heart. 
ACARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the. 
AC'ARICIDE, from acarus, and cadere, 'to 
kill.' A destroyer of acari, - as of the acarus 
scabies. 
ACARICOBA. The Brazilian name for Hy- 
drocot'yle umbella'turn, used by the Indians as 
an aromatic, alcxipharmic, and emetic. 
ACARON, Myrica gale. 
ACARP'JE, from a, 'privative,' and sap-nos, 
'fruit.' A division of the family of cutaneous 
diseases by Fuchs, in which there is no "fruit," 
(Germ. Frucht,) or production from the cutane- 
ous surface - tubercles, vesicles or pustules. 
Lentigo, Chloasma, Argyria, and Pityriasis be- 
long to it. 
AC'ARUS, from a, privative, and sapr/s, 'di- 
visible.' A minute insect, one species of which 
has been noticed by several observers, in the 
itch. The Acarus Scabiei, set, Psora. 
Acarus Giro, see Psora - a. Comedonum, 
Acarus Folliculorum. 
Ac'arus Cros'sei. An insect supposed by 
Mr. Crosse, of England, to have been developed 
in a solution of silicate of potassa when submitted 
to slow galvanic action, for the purpose of obtain- 
ing crystals of silex. It did not, however, prove 
to be a new formation. 
Acarus Folliculo'rum, Entozo'on Folliculo'- 
rum, A. Comedo'num, De'modex folliculo' rum, 
Simo'nea folliculo'rum, Steatozo'on folliculo'rum, 
Macroyas'ter plat'ypus. An articulated animal- 
cule, discovered in the sebaceous substance of the 
cutaneous follicles. According to Professor Owen, 
it belongs to the Arachnida. 
Acarus Scabiei, Acarus, see Psora. 
ACATALEP'SIA, from a, privative, and Kara- 
hapftavu, 'I comprehend.' Uncertainty in dia- 
gnosis. Its opposite is Catalepsia.-Galen. 
ACATAP'OSIS, from a privative, and sara- 
aoais, 'deglutition.' Incapacity of swallowing. 
Vogel has given this name to difficulty of deglu- 
39 
ACCIDENTAL 
ACATASTAT'IC, Acataatat'icua, from a, priv., 
and 'to determine.' An epithet given 
to fevers, &e., when irregular in their periods or 
symptoms.-Hippocrates. 
ACATHAR'SIA, from a, priv., and 
'I purge;' Sordes, Impurities. Omission of a pur- 
gative.-Foesius. 
ACATSJAVAL'LI, a Malabar plant, which is 
astringent and aromatic. A bath of it is used in 
that country in cases of hemicrania. It is sup- 
posed to be the Cassytha filiformia of Linnseus. 
ACAWERIA, Ophioxylum serpentinum. 
ACC ABLE ME NT, Torpor. 
ACCELERATEUR, Accelerator urinse. 
ACCELERATOR PARTUS, Abortive. 
Accelera'tor Uri'na:, Bulbo-caverno'sue, Bul- 
bo~ur6tral- (Ch.) Ejacula'tor Semi'nis, Bulbo- 
syndeamo-caverneux. (F.) Accelerateur, from ad 
and celer, 'quick.' A muscle of the penis, which 
arises, fleshy, from the sphincter ani and mem- 
branous part of the urethra, and tendinous from 
the crus and beginning of the corpus cavernosum 
penis. In its course it forms a thin, fleshy layer, 
the inferior fibres of which run more transversely 
than the superior, which descend in an oblique 
direction; the muscles of both sides completely 
enclosing the bulb of the urethra. It is inserted 
into its1 fellow by a tendinous line running longi- 
tudinally on the middle of the bulb. Its use is to 
propel the urine or semen forwards. 
ACCENT, Sonus vocis, from ad and canere, 
cantum, to sing. Inflection or modification of the 
voice, which consists in raising or dropping it on 
certain syllables. , 
The accent exhibits various alterations in dis- 
ease. v 
ACCES, Paroxysm. 
ACCES'SION. Accea'sio, from accedo, (ad and 
cedere,) 'I approach.' The invasion, approach, 
or commencement of a disease. 
ACCESSO IRE, Accessory-a. du long Flechie- 
aeur commun des orteila: see Flexor longus digi- 
torum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)- 
a. de I'Obturateur interne, Ischio-trochanterianus 
-a. du pied d'Hippoeampe : see Cornu ammonia 
-a. du Sacro-lombaire: see Sacro-lumbalis. 
ACCESSORIUS FLEXOR LONGUS DIGI- 
TORUM PEDIS; see Flexor longus digitorum 
pedis profundus perforans (accessorius)-a. Pedis 
hippocampi;-see Cornu ammonis. 
AC'CESSORY, Accesso' rius, (F.) Accessoire, 
Annexe, same etymon. A consequence or de- 
pendence on any thing; as accessory ligament, 
muscle, nerve, &c. 
Accessory of the Parot'id is a name given 
by Haller to a small gland, which accompanies 
the parotid duct, and is commonly a mere pro- 
longation of the parotid itself. See Parotid. 
Accessory Sciences to Medicine are those 
which do not relate directly to the science of 
man in a state of health or disease; as physics, 
chemistry, <tc. 
Accessory of the Par Vagum, Spinal nerve. 
The term accessory is also given to several 
muscles. 
ACCESSES, Coition. 
ACCIDENS, Symptoma-a. Oonsecutifs, Con- 
secutive phenomena. 
AC'CIDENT, Ac'cidens, from accidere, (ad and 
cadere,) 'to happen.' A casualty; an unforeseen 
event. The French use the term in nearly the 
same sense as symptom. It means also an unex- 
pected symptom. 
ACCIDEN'TAL, Adventi"tious. That which 
happens unexpectedly. 
The French give the name Tissue accidentals, 
to those adventitious textures, that are tb» result 
of a morbid process. ACCIPITER 
ACCIP'ITER, Hi'erax, 'itpa%, 'thehawk,' from 
accipere (ad and capio,) 'to take.' Menec'ratis 
Accip'iter. (F.) Epervier. A handage applied 
over the nose, so called from its likeness to the 
claw of a hawk. 
ACCLI'MATED, Clima'ti assue'tus, (from ad 
and clima.) A word of recent introduction from 
the French, which means 'accustomed to a cli- 
mate.' 
A CCLIMA TEMENT, Acclimation. 
AC'CLIMATION, Seasoning. (F.) Acclimate- 
ment. The act of becoming acclimated, or accus- 
tomed to a climate. 
The constitution of a person, who goes to live 
in another and a very different climate, usually 
experiences changes, which are frequently of an 
unfavourable character, and the study of which 
is of considerable importance in medicine. 
ACCOM'PANIMENT, Adjun'ction. (F.) Ac- 
compagnement, (compagnon, 'an associate.') That 
which is joined to any thing. 
Accompaniment to the cataract is a whitish, 
viscid substance, which sometimes surrounds the 
opake crystalline, and remains after the operation 
for cataract, causing a secondary cataract. 
ACCOUCHEE, Puerpera. 
ACCOUCHEMENT, Parturition-a. Labori- 
ous, Dystocia-a. Contre nature, see Presentation, 
preternatural-a. Laborieux, Laborious labour. 
ACCOUCHEUR, (F.) Ad/u'tor Partus, Ob- 
stet'ricans, Obstetri"ciu8, Maieu'ter, Maieu'tes. 
He who practises the art of midwifery. A physi- 
cian-Accoucheur, a Surgeon-Accoucheur, a Man- 
midwife, &c. 
A CCO UCHE USE, Midwife. 
ACCOUPLEMENT, Coition. 
ACCOUTUMANCE, Habit. 
ACCRE'TION, Accre'tio, from ad, 'to,' and 
crescere, 'to increase." Augmentation; also, in- 
crease by juxtaposition. 
ACCROISSEMENT, Increase. 
ACCUSATIO, Indication. 
ACE'DIA, Incu'ria, from a, privative, and 
Ktjios, 'care.' Want of care, neglect. Also, fa- 
tigue.-Hippocrates. 
ACELLA, Axilla. 
ACENINOSUS, Curative. 
ACEOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia. 
ACEOLOGIA, Materia Medica. 
ACEPHALIA, see Acephalous. 
ACEPH'ALOBRACHUS, from a, privative, 
KtQaXr), 'head,' and 'arm.' A foetus 
without head or arms. 
ACEPHALOCHI'RUS, from a, privative, kc- 
QaXrj, 'head,' and 'hand.' A foetus without 
head or hands. 
ACEPH'ALOCYST, Acephalocys'tie, from a, 
privative, KtQaXt), 'head,' and mans, 'bladder.' 
A hydatiform vesicle, without head or visible 
organs, ranked amongst the Entozoa, although 
possessed of few animated characteristics. In no 
organ of the body are acephalocysts so frequently 
found as in the liver. Generally it is the 'mul- 
tiple acephalocyst,' A. socia'lis seu prolif'era, 
which is met with. At times, however, it is the 
'solitary acephalocyst,' A. eremi'ta seu ster'ilis. 
The acephalocygtis endog"ena has a firm coat, 
and is composed of different layers, which have 
numbers of smaller hydatids within them, and 
are thrown off from the interior of the parent 
cyst. This species has hence been termed en- 
dogena, to distinguish it from the A. exog"ena 
of ruminant animals, in which the young vesicles 
are developed from the exterior of the parent 
vesicle.-See Hydatid. 
ACEPHALOGAS'TER, Athoraeoceph'ahie, 
from a privative, KtQaXr), 'head,' and yarn-rip, 'the 
belly.' A name given to monsters devoid of head, 
40 
) ACETAS 
chest, and abdomen; or to those which have an 
abdomen, but no chest or head. 
ACEPHALOS'TOMA, from a privative, Kc<paAr), 
' head,' and <rropa, ' mouth.' An acephalous foetus, 
at the upper part of which there is an opening 
resembling a mouth. 
ACEPHALOTHO'RUS, from a privative, 
'head,' and3wpa(, 'chest,' Apectocepli'alus. 
A monster devoid of head or chest. 
ACEPII'ALOUS, from a privative, and Kt<j>a\ri, 
' head.' A monster born devoid of head. The 
condition is called Acepha'lia. 
ACER, Acrid. 
Acer Palmifolium, A. Saccharinum. 
Acer Sacchari'num, A. palmifo'lium. Maple, 
Sugar Maple. (F.) Frable. This tree contains 
a large amount of sweet sap, whence a consider- 
able quantity of sugar may be extracted. When 
purified, this sugar can scarcely be distinguished 
from that obtained from the cane.-See Saccha- 
rum. 
Acera'tes Longifo'lia, Long-leaved green 
Milkweed; Order, Asclepiadaceae; indigenous, 
flowering in June and July; has the properties 
of the order. See Asclepias. 
ACERATO'SIS, from a privative, and xepas, 
'horn.' Defective development of the corneous 
tissue. 
ACERB', Acer'bus, Stryphnoe, from acer, 
' sharp.' A savour, or taste, compounded of the 
acid, bitter, and astringent; such as is met with 
in unripe fruits, <fcc. 
ACER'CUS, from a privative, and Kepicos, 'a 
tail.' A monster devoid of tail.-Gurlt. 
ACE'RIDES, Aeero'des, from a privative, and 
K>ipos, ' wax.' Plasters devoid of wax.-Galen. 
ACERODES, Acerides. 
ACERO'SUS, Achyro'den, Pithyri'nus, from 
' chaff.' Furfura'ceous. An epithet used 
by Hippocrates, for the coarsest bread, made of 
flour not separated from the chaff.-Foesius. 
ACERVULUS CEREBRI. See Pineal Gland 
-a. Glandulus Pinealis, see Pineal Gland. 
ACES'CENCY, Acencen'tia, from acescere, 'to 
grow sour,' (aicif, 'apoint,' acer, 'sharp.') A dis- 
position to acidity. The humourists believed that 
the animal humours are susceptible of this change. 
ACESIA, Cure. 
ACESIS, Curation, Cure, Medicament. 
ACESMA, Medicament. 
ACESMIUS, Curable. 
ACESMUS, Cure. 
ACESODYNES, Anodyne. 
ACESOPHORUS, Curative. 
ACESTER, Physician. 
ACESTIS, Medicament. 
ACESTOR, Physician. 
ACESTORIA, Medicine. 
ACESTORIS, Midwife. 
ACESTOS, Curable. 
ACESTRA, Needle. 
ACESTRIA, Midwife. 
ACESTRIS. Midwife. 
ACESTRUM, Medicament. 
ACETA MEDICATA, Acetica. 
ACETABULA UTERINA, Cotyledons. 
ACETAB'ULUM, from acetum, 'vinegar,' be- 
cause it resembles the old vinegar vessel, oxy- 
baph'ion. A measure capable of containing the 
eighth part of a modern pint. Athenseus. Galen. 
See Cotyloid. According to Castelli, the lobes or 
cotyledons of the placentae of ruminating animals 
have been so called. 
Acetabulum, Cotyle, Cotyloid-a. Humeri, see 
Glenoid-a. Marinum, Umbilicus marinus. 
ACETA'RIA, same etymon. A salad or 
pickle. 
ACETAS, Acetate. ACETATE 
AC"ETATE, Ace'tas. A salt formed by the 
union of the acetic acid with an alkaline, earthy, 
or metallic base. The acetates chiefly used in 
medicine are the acetates of ammonia, lead, 
potash, and zinc. 
ACE'TICA, Ace'ta Medica'ta. (F.) Vinaigres 
Midicinaux. Pharmaceutical preparations of 
vinegar. 
ACE'TICUM AC'TDUM, Acidum Ace'ticum 
for'tins, A. A. forte, A. Ace'ticumpurum, Ace'turn 
radica'le, Oxos, Ace'tic Acid, Strong Ace'tons 
Acid, Acidum Aceto'sum forte, Rad'ical Vin'egar, 
Spir'itus Ven'eris (when made from verdigris,) 
Spirit of Verdigris. Concentrated acetic acid, 
prepared by decomposing an acetate and receiv- 
ing the acetic acid by distillation, has a very 
pungent and grateful odour, and an acid and 
acrid taste. Its s. g. is about 1.046, and it is 
very volatile. 
It is stimulant, rubefacient, and escharotic, and 
is applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
headache, <tc. It destroys warts. 
An Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar, Ac"idum Ace'- 
ticum Oamphora'tum, A. aceto'sum camphora'turn, 
is formed of this strong acid, 3vj, Camphor, 
01. Oaryoph. gtt. xv. 
A strong Acetic Acid was ordered by the Lon- 
don pharmacopoeia prepared from wood. It was 
called Vinegar of wood, Improved distilled Vine- 
gar, Pyrolig'neons Acid, Ace'turn Ligno'rum, and 
its strength was such, that 87 gr. of crystallized 
subcarbonate of soda should saturate 100 grains 
of the acid. 
Ac"idum Ace'ticum Diln'tum, A. A. ten'ue, Ace'- 
tum destilla'tum, Acidum ace'ticum, Acidum aceto'- 
sum destilla' turn, Acidum ace'ticum debil'ius, Dis- 
til'led vin'egar, (F.) Acide Acetique faible, Vi- 
naigre distilU, is prepared by distilling vinegar, 
until seven-eighths have passed over. An Aci- 
dum aceticum dilutum, Diluted acetic acid, is 
made by mixing half a pint of the strong acetic 
acid with five pints of distilled water.-Ph. U. S. 
Its properties are like those of vinegar. 
Aceticum Martiale, Ferri Acetas. 
AC"ETONE, from acetuni, 'vinegar.' Spir'itus 
pyro-ace'ticus ligno'sus, Pyro-ace'tic spirit, Pyro- 
ace'tic, Ether, Mesit'ic Al'cohol, Bihydrate of 
Mesit'ylene; erroneously called Naphtha and 
Wood Naphtha. A limpid, colourless liquid, 
having a peculiarly penetrating and slightly em- 
pyreumatic odour. Its density in the liquid state, 
is almost the same as that of alcohol, 0.7921. Its 
taste is disagreeable, and analogous to that of 
peppermint. It is miscible in all proportions 
with water, alcohol, and ether. It may be pre- 
pared by distilling a mixture of two parts of 
crystallized acetate of lead and one part of quick- 
lime in a salt-glaze jar (gray-beard,) the lower 
part of the jar being coated with fire-clay; and 
a bent glass tube, half an inch in diameter, 
adapted to the mouth by a cork, so as to form a 
distillatory apparatus. The jar is supported on 
the mouth of a small furnace, by which the lower 
part only is heated to redness, and the vapours 
are conducted into a Liebig's condenser. The 
product is repeatedly redistilled from quicklime, 
until its boiling point is constant at 132°. 
It has been brought forward as a remedy in 
phthisis pulmonalis; but evidently with un- 
founded pretensions. It is an excitant, and may 
be serviceable in chronic bronchitis. The dose 
is ten to forty drops three times a day, diluted 
with water. 
ACETOSA ALPINA, Rumex alpinus - a. 
Nostras, Rumex acetosa-a. Pratensis, Rumex 
acetosa - a. Romana, Rumex scutatus- a. Ro- 
tundifolia, Rumex scutatus - a. Scutata, Rumex 
scutatus-a. Vulgaris, Rumex acetosa. 
41 
L ACHEIR 
ACETOSELLA, Oxalis acetosella. 
ACE'TUM, oi-vs, Oxys, Ace'tum Vini, A. Bri- 
tan'nicum, Common Vinegar, Acidum aceto'sum, 
A'legar, Ace'tum Cerevis'ice, (F.) Vinaigre ; from 
axis, ' a point/ acer, ' sharp.' A liquor obtained 
by the acetous fermentation. Vinegar has a pun- 
gent odour, and a pleasant acid taste. Ono fluid 
ounce of the Acetum of the United States Phar- 
macopoeia is saturated by about 35 grains of 
crystallized bicarbonate of soda. It is refrigerant 
in fevers; antiseptic, and anti-narcotic; and ex- 
ternally is stimulant and discutient. 
Vinegar Whey is made by stirring a small 
wineglassful of vinegar, sweetened with a dessert 
spoonful of sugar, in a pint of milk ; boiling for 
fifteen minutes, and straining. Like tamarind 
whey it is an agreeable drink in febrile affections. 
Ace'tum Aromat'icum, Acidum Ace'ticum Aro- 
mat'icum, Ace'tum Theriaca'le, A. quatuor furum, 
Thieves' Vinegar, Vinegar of the four thieves, 
Marseilles Vinegar, (F.) Aromatique, 
V. des quatre voleurs, (Rorismarin. cacum. sicc., 
Fol. Salvia sing. Lavand. flor. sicc. Jjiv. Ca- 
ry oph. cont. 3ss. Acid. Acet. Oij. Macerate 7 days, 
and filter.-Ph. E.) Odour, pungent and aroma- 
tic. Used as a perfume. 
Acetum Britannicum, Acetum. 
Ace'tum Canthar'idis, Vinegar of Cantha- 
rides, (Oantharid. in pulv. Acid. acet, f 3jv., 
Acid, pyrolign. Euphorb. in pulv. crass, 
Mix the acids; add the powders; macerate 
for seven days; strain; express strongly, and 
filter the liquor.-Ph. E. The London College 
macerates cantharid. 51'j in acid. acet. Oj. for 
eight days; expresses and strains.) It is used 
as a prompt vesicant. 
Ace'tum Col' chici,Vinegar of meadow saffron. 
(Colchic. rad. contus. Sy ; Acid, acetic, dilut. seu 
Acet, destillat. Oij ; Ph. U. S. 1851. It may also 
be made by displacement.) It is used as a diu- 
retic, and also in gout. Dose fjss. to giss. 
Acetum Destillatum ; see Aceticum acidum 
-a. Lignorum : see Aceticum acidum-a. Mul- 
sum dulce, Oxyglycus-a. Opii, Guttse Nigrse- 
a. Quatuor furum, Acetum Aromaticum-a. Ra- 
dicale, Aceticum Acidum-a. Rosatum Oxyrrho- 
dinon. 
Acetum Scilla?, Acidum Ace'ticum Scillit'- 
icum. Vinegar of Squills, (F.) Vinaigre scilli- 
tique, (Scilla contus. 3jiv; Acet, destillat. Oij; 
Ph. U. S. It may also be made by displace- 
ment.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Dose 
f !$ss to gij as a diuretic and expectorant. 
Acetum Theriacale, Acetum aromaticum. 
ACEYTE DE SAL. A remedy for broncho- 
cele used in S. America. Roulin found it to con- 
tain a portion of iodine. 
ACHACANA. A species of cactus, in the pro- 
vince of Potosi in Peru. Its root is thick and 
fleshy, and of a conical shape. It is a good edi- 
ble, and is sold in the markets of the country. 
ACHANACA. A plant of the kingdom of 
Mely in Africa. It is used by the natives as an 
antisyphilitic. 
ACHAOVAN, a species pf Egyptian chamo- 
mile.-Prosper Alpinus. 
ACHAOV AN-ABIAT. The Egyptian name 
of Cineraria maritima, used in female diseases. 
ACHAR, Atchar. 
ACHE, Apium graveolens-a. des Montagnes, 
Ligusticum levisticum. 
ACHEI'LIA, Achi'lia, from a, priv., and %£iAoy, 
'lip.' A malformation, consisting in a deficiency 
of a lip or lips. 
ACHEI'LUS, Achi'lus, same etymon. One 
who is without lips. 
ACHEIR, Aehir, De'manus, from a, privative, 
and jQiig, 'hand.' One dt void of hands.-Galen. ACHEIRIA 
ACHEI'RIA, Achi'ria: same etymon. The 
state of being devoid of hands. 
ACHEROIS, Populus. 
ACHIA, Achiar. A name given in India to 
the pickled shoots of the bamboo. 
Achia, Atchar. 
ACHIAR, Achia. 
ACHIC'OLUM, AeAtt'olu*, Hidrote'rion, Su- 
da'rium, Fornix, Tholus, Sudato' rium. The 
sweating-room in the ancient bagnios. 
ACHILIA, Acheilia. 
ACHILLE'A AGE'RATUM, A.Visco'sa, Bal- 
sami'ta foemin'ea, Eupato'rium mes'ues, Age'ra- 
tnm, Cos'tus horto'rum minor, Maudlin, Maudlin 
Tansey; (F.) Achillee Visqueuse ; Nat. Ord. 
Composite ; Sub. Ord. Anthemideae ; Sex. Syst. 
Syngenesia Polygamia superflua,-has the same 
properties as tansey, bitter and aromatic, and is 
used in like affections. 
Aciiille'a Atka'ta, Herba Gen'ipi veri, (F.) 
Achillee Noire, has similar virtues. 
Aciiille'a Millefo'lium, Achille'a Myrio- 
phyl'lon, Chrysoc'oma, Millefo'lium, Ghiliophyl' - 
Ion, Lumbus Ven'eris, Common Yarrow or Mil- 
foil. (F.) Millefeuille. The leaves and flowers 
have an aromatic smell, and a rough, bitterish, 
somewhat pungent taste. They have been used 
in dyspepsia, flatulence, <tc. An extract of the 
plant, made with proof spirit, has been called 
AcAiitfet'ntm / and is used by the Italians in in- 
termittent fever. 
Achille'a Ptar'mica, Pseudo-py' rethrum, 
Py'rethrum sylves'tre, Draco sylves'tris, Tarchon 
sylvestris, Sternutamento'ria, Dracun'cuius Pra- 
ten'sis, Sneeze-wort, Bastard Pel'litory, Ptar'mica. 
(F.) Herbe <1 tternuer. The roots and flowers 
have a hot, biting taste, approaching that of py- 
rethrum. Their principal use is as a masticatory 
and sialogogue. 
Achillea Viscosa, A. Ageratum. 
ACHILLEE NOIRE, Achillea atrata - a. 
Visqueuse, Achillea ageratum. 
AC HILLE IN UM, see Achillea Millefolium. 
ACHILLE'IS. A beautiful species of barley, 
mentioned by Theophrastus and Galen, called 
after Achilles, a labourer. The decoction was 
used in fevers and jaundice.-Hippocrates. 
ACHIL'LIS TENDO, Funis Hippoc'ratis, 
Corda sou Chorda Hippoc'ratis, Corda magna, 
Nervus latus, (F.) Tendon d'Achille. The strong 
tendon of the gastrocnemii muscles above the 
heel: so called, because it was the only vulnera- 
ble part of Achilles, or because of its strength. 
See Tendon. 
ACHILUS, Aeheilus. 
ACHIMBASSI. An archiater or chief of phy- 
sicians. A name given, at Grand Cairo, to a 
magistrate who licenses physicians. 
ACHIR, Acheir. 
ACIIIRIA, Acheiria. 
ACHITOLUS, Achicolum. 
ACHLYS, Caligo. 
AC II MELL A, Spilanthns acmella. 
ACHNE. Lint. See Linteum. Also, small 
mucous flocculi seen in front of the cornea.- 
Hippocrates. 
ACHOL'IA, from a, privative, and yoXv, 'bile.' 
Deficiency or want of bile. 
ACH'OLUS: same etymon. One deficient in 
bile. 
ACHOR, Porrigo larvalis. 
ACIIO'RES. A term often employed by the 
ancients to designate both crus fa lac'tea, and 
small superficial ulcerations on the skin of the 
face and head. See Porrigo Larvalis. 
Achores Capitis, Porrigo scutulata. 
ACHORION SCHONLEINI. See Porrigo fa- 
vosa. 
42 
! ACID 
ACHORIS'TUS, from a, priv., and 'I 
separate.' Any sign which necessarily accompa- 
nies a state of health or disease. 
ACHOUROU. The Caraib name for a species 
of myrtle used in dropsy. 
ACHRAS AUSTRALIS, Sapota, 
Sapota-a. Zapota, Sapota. 
ACHROI, Achromatic'ti, Achro'mati, Achro'mi, 
from a, privative, and ' colour.' Pale indi- 
viduals.-Hippocrates. It is nearly synonymous 
with leiphce'mia, persons without colour; 
bloodless. 
ACHROMASIA, Decoloration. 
ACHROMATI, Achroi. 
ACHROMAT'IC, Achromat'icuc; same etymon. 
A lens, so constructed as to correct the aberration 
of refrangibility of common lenses, is so termed. 
The Crystalline is an achromatic lens. 
ACHROMATISTI, Achroi. 
A C H R 0 M A TOPSIA, Chromatoptseudop'cia, 
Ohromatometablep'cia, Dyschromatop'sia, Para- 
chro'ma, Parora'sis, Visits de'color, Colour blind- 
ness, Idiop'tcy, Dal'tonism, from a, privative, 
ya, ' colour,' and oitroyai, 'I see.' Incapability of 
distinguishing colours; a defect situate in the ce- 
rebral part of the visual organ. Persons so cir- 
cumstanced have been termed by Mr. Whewell, 
Idiopte. See Acyanoblepsia and Anerythropsia. 
ACHROMI, Achroi. 
ACHYLO'SIS, from a, privative, and xvXos, 
'juiee, chyle.' Defective chylosis or formation 
of chyle. 
ACHYMO'SIS, from a, privative, and 
'juice, chyme.' Defective chymiiication. 
ACHYRODES, Acerosus. 
ACHYRON, Furfur. 
A'CIA, from uxrif, a point. A word used by 
Celsus, which has puzzled commentators,-some 
believing it to have meant a needle; others the 
thread; and others, again, the kind of suture. 
" Acia mollis, non nimis torta."-Celsus, Galen. 
(Chifflet thinks it meant the thread.-Antwerp, 
1638.) 
ACID, Ae"t<7iw, Oxye. (F.) Acide, Aigre, from 
axis, 'a point;' sharp; sour; especially as ap- 
plied to odorous or sapid substances. The French 
also use the term aigre, when referring to the 
voice, in the sense of sharp and shrill:-as une 
voix aigre, vox aspera. 
Acid, Acetic, Aceticum acidum - a. Acetic, 
dilute, see Aceticum acidum. 
Acid, Acetous, Strong, Aceticum acidum 
- a. Aerial, Carbonic acid - a. Antimonious, 
Antimonium diaphoreticum-a. Arsenious, Arse- 
nicum album-a. Auric, see Gold-a. Azotic, Ni- 
tric acid-a. Benzoic, Benjamin, flowers of-a. 
Borie, Boracic acid-a. Calcareous, Carbonic acid 
-a. Carbonaceous, Carbonic acid-a. Carbonous, 
Oxalic acid-a. Chromic, see Chromic acid-a. 
Citric, Citric acid-a. Cyanhydric, Hydrocyanic 
acid-a. Cyanohydric, Hydrocyanic acid-a. 
Gastric, Gastric juice. 
Acid, Gallic, Ac"idum Gall'icum. (F.) Acids 
Gallique. This acid is found in most of the astrin- 
gent plants that contain tannic acid of the kind 
obtained from galls. It is in delicate silky nee- 
dles, usually somewhat yellowish, inodorous, and 
of a harsh, somewhat astringent taste. It dis- 
solves in one hundred parts of cold and three 
parts of boiling water. It is very soluble in alco- 
hol, and but slightly so in ether. 
It has been highly extolled in internal hemor- 
rhage, especially from the urinary organs and 
uterus. Dose from ten to twenty grains. 
The last Pharmacopoeia of the United States 
(1851) directs it to be made by exposing a thin 
paste of powdered galls and distilled water for a 
month, adding the water from time to time to pre- ACIDE ACET I QUE FAIBLE 
serve the consistence; expressing the paste; boil- 
ing the residue in distilled water; filtering through 
animal charcoal, and crystallizing. 
Acid, Hippu'ric, Ac"idum Hippu'ricum, Uro- 
ben'zoic acid. An acid found in the urine of gra- 
minivorous animals. It is contained in human 
urine, especially after benzoic acid has been taken. 
See Hipyuria. 
Acid, Hydriod'ic, Ac"idum Hydriod'icwm. 
This acid is made by mixing solutions of iodide 
of potassium and tartaric acid; filtering the liquor 
to separate the bitartrate of potassa, and adding 
water to make the resulting hydriodic acid of de- 
finite strength. 
It has been used in the same cases as the pre- 
parations of iodine in general, but is rarely em- 
ployed. 
Acid, Hydrochloronitric, Nitro-muriatic acid 
-a. Hydrocyanic, Hydrocyanic acid-a. Hydro- 
cyanic, dilute, see Hydrocyanic acid-a. Hydro- 
sulphuric, Hydrogen, sulphuretted-a. Hydrothi- 
onic, Hydrogen, sulphuretted - a. Igasuric : see 
Jatropha curcas. 
Acid, Iodic, Ac"idum lod'icum, (F.) Acide 
lodique. This is obtained by boiling iodine 
with nitric acid; or by decomposing iodate of 
baryta by dilute sulphuric acid. It is a white, 
transparent solid, slightly deliquescent, and very 
soluble in water. It has been given with sulphate 
of quinia in hoarseness, scrofula, incipient phthisis, 
chronic inflammation, syphilis, <fcc. Dose three to 
six grains, or more. 
Acid of Lemons, Citric acid-a. Lithic, Uric 
acid - a. Dephlogisticated marine, Chlorine - 
a. Mephitic, Carbonic acid - a. of Milk, Lactic 
acid - a. Muriatic, see Muriaticum acidum - a. 
Muriatic, dilute, Muriaticum acidum - a. Ni- 
tric, see Nitric acid-a. Nitric, dilute, see Nitric 
Acid-a. Nitro-hydrochloric, Nitro-muriatic acid 
-a. Nitro-Muriatic, see Nitro-Muriatic Acid-a. 
Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitric acid-a. Oxysep- 
tonic, Nitric acid-a. Polygalic: see Polygala se- 
nega-a. Prussic, Hydrocyanic acid-a. Pyrolig- 
neous : see Aceticum acidum-a. Pyrolignic, Py- 
roligneous acid-a. of Sorrel, Oxalic acid-a. of 
Sugar, Oxalic acid-a. Sulphuric, see Sulphuric 
acid-a. Tannic, Tannin-a. Uric, Uric acid-a. 
Urobenzoic, A. Hippuric-a. Urous, Uric oxide- 
a. Urylic, Uric acid-a. Chromique, Chromic acid. 
ACIDE AOETIQUE FAIBLE, see Aceticum 
acidum--a. Boracique, Boracic acid - a. Chro- 
mique, Chromic acid - a. Gallique, Acid, gallic 
- a. Hydrocyanique, Hydrocyanic acid - a. 
Hydrosulfurique, Hydrogen, sulphuretted - a. 
lodique, Acid, iodic - a. Lactique, Lactic acid- 
a. Nitrique, Nitric acid-a. Phosphorique, Phos- 
phoric acid-a. Prussique, Hydrocyanic acid-a. 
Sulfureux, Sulphurous acid-a. Sulfurique, Sul- 
phuric acid-a. Sulfurique delaye, Sulphuricum 
acidum dilutum-a. Tannique, Tannin. 
ACIDITATIO, Acidities. 
ACID'ITIES, Aco'res, Acidita'tio, Ac"idum 
morbo'sum, Ac"idum prima'rum via'rum, Oxytes, 
Sordes ac"idce. (F.) Aigreurs. Sourness of the 
stomach, the result of indigestion, indicated by 
acid eructations, <fcc. The affection is very com- 
mon in children, and must be obviated by absorb- 
ents, as magnesia, chalk, <tc., and by regulated 
diet. 
ACIDOLOG''IA, from am;, 'apoint, a sharp 
instrument,' and Xoyos, 'a description.' A de- 
scription of surgical instruments. 
ACIDOM'ETER, (F.) AcidomeHre, PZse-aeide, 
from acid, and pcrpov, measure. A hydrometer 
for determining the density of acids. 
AC"IDS, Ac"tda, Aco'res, are liquid, solid, or 
gaseous bodies, possessed of a sour, more or less 
caustic taste, and the principal character of which 
43 
t ACIDUM ACETICUM 
is the capability of saturating, wholly or in part, 
the alkaline properties of bases. 
Acids, in general, are refrigerent and antisep- 
tic. Their particular uses are pointed out under 
the individual articles. 
To ACID'ULATE. (F.) Aiguiser, Aciduler. 
To render acidulous, or slightly acid. 
ACID'ULOUS, Acid'ulus, Oxo'des, Oxoi'des. 
(F.) Acidule, Aigrelet. Substances are so called 
which possess a sourish taste, as tamarinds, cream 
of tartar, <fcc. 
Acidulous Fruits. Oranges, gooseberries, &c. 
Acidulous Waters, Aquce Acidula. Mineral 
waters containing carbonic acid gas sufficient to 
render them sourish. See Waters, mineral. 
Acidulous Water, Simple, Aqua*Ac"idi Car- 
bon'ici, (Ph. U. S.) Aqua a'eris fixi, Aqua acid'- 
ula simplex, Liquor seu Aqua Soda efferves'cens, 
Aqua Carbona'tis Soda acid'ula, Soda water, Mi- 
neral water, (F.) Eau Acidule simple, is water 
impregnated with fixed air. 
Water, so impregnated, is cooling, and slightly 
stimulating. It is used beneficially in dyspepsia, 
and in cases of vomiting, <fcc. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM, Aceticum acidum-a. 
Aceticum aromaticum, Acetum aromaticum-a. 
Aceticum camphoratum : see Aceticum acidum-- 
a. Aceticum dilutum: see Aceticum Acidum-a. 
Aceticum empyreumaticum, Pyroligneous acid- 
a. Aceticum Scilliticum, Acetum scillaa-a. Ace- 
tosellae, Oxalic acid-a. Acetosum, Acetum-a. 
Allantoicum, Allantoic acid-a. Amnicum, Am- 
niotic acid-a. Arsenicosum, Arsenious acid-a. 
Arseniosum, (Ph. U. S.) Arsenious acid-a. Azo- 
ticum, Nitric Acid-a. Benzoicum, Benjamin, 
Flowers of-a. Boracicum, Boracic acid-a. Bo- 
russieum, Hydrocyanic acid - a. Carbonicum, 
Carbonic acid-a. Citricum, Citric acid-a. Gal- 
licum, Acid, gallic-a. Hydriodicum, Acid hydri- 
odic-a. Hydrocarbonicum, Oxalic acid-a. Hy- 
drochloricum, Muriaticum acidum-a. Hydrocy- 
anicurn, Hydrocyanic acid-a. Hydrocyanicum 
dilutum, see Hydrocyanic Acid-a. Hydrothioni- 
cum liquidum, see Hydrosulphuretted water-a. 
lodicum, Acid, iodic-a. Jatrophicum, see Jatro- 
pha curcas-a. Lacticum, Lactic acid-a. Ligne- 
um, Pyroligneous acid-a. Ligni pyro-oleosum, 
Pyroligneous acid-a. Lithicum, Uric acid-a. 
Marinum concentratum, Muriaticum acidum-a. 
Morbosum, Acidities-a. Muriaticum, Muriaticum 
acidum-a. Muriaticum dilutum, Muriatic acid-a. 
Muriatieum nitroso-oxygenatum, Nitro-muriatic 
acid-a. Nitri, Nitric acid-a. Nitrieum, Nitric 
acid-a. Nitrieum dilutum, Nitric acid-a. Nitro- 
Muriaticum, Nitro-muriatic acid-a. Oxalinum, 
Oxalic acid-a. Phosphoricum, Phosphoric acid 
-a. Primarum viarum, Acidities-a. Prussicum, 
Hydrocyanic acid-a. Pyro-aceticum, Pyroligne- 
ous acid-a. Pyrolignosum, Pyroligneous acid- 
a. Pyroxylicum, Pyroligneous acid-a. Querci- 
tannicum, Tannin-a. Sacchari, Oxalic acid-a. 
Saecharinum, Oxalic acid-a. Salis, Muriaticum 
acidum-a. Salis culinaris, Muriaticum acidum- 
a. Salis marini, Muriaticum acidum-a. Septicum, 
Nitric acid-a. Succinicum, Succinic acid-a. Sul- 
phuricum, Sulphuric acid-a. Sulphuricum alcoo- 
lisatum, Elixir acidum Halleri-a. Sulphuricum 
aromaticum, Sulphuric acid, aromatic - a. Sul- 
phuricum dilutum, Sulphuric acid, diluted - a. 
Sulphuris volatile, Sulphurous acid-a. Sulphu- 
rosicum, Sulphurous acid-a. Tannicum, Tannin 
-a. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid-a. Tartari- 
cum, Tartaric acid-a. Tartarosum, Tartaric acid 
-a. Uricum, Uric acid-a. Urolithicum, Urio 
acid-a. Vitriolicum, Sulphuric acid-a. Vitrioli- 
cum aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum aromati- 
cum-a. Vitriolicum alcohole aromaticum, Sul- 
phuricum acidum aromaticum-a. Vitriolicum ACIDURGIA 
vinosum, Elixir acidum Ilalleri-a. Zooticum, 
Hydrocyanic acid-a. Zootinicum, Hydrocyanic 
acid. 
ACIDURGIA, Surgery (operative.) 
AOIER, Chalybs. 
ACIES, Chalybs-a. Digitorum manus, Pha- 
langes of the fingers-a. Diurna, Hemeralopia. 
ACINE'SIA, Acfne'sw, A&tne'sta, Immobil'i- 
tas, Quies, Requies, Requie'tio, Esych'ia, Erem'ia, 
from a, privative, and Kivr/vis, motion,' Kiveu, ' I 
move.' Rest. Immobility. Also, the interval 
between the systole and diastole of the heart- 
Parasys'tole. 
Under the term Acineses, Remberg includes 
the paralytic neuroses, or those that are charac- 
terized by defect of motive power. 
ACINI OF MALPIGHI, CorporaMalpighiana. 
ACINIFORMIS (TUNICA) Choroid, Uzea. 
AC"INUS, Ac" inus glandulo' sus, from ac"inu8, 
'a grape-stone.' A glandiform corpuscle or gra- 
nulation, in which secretion was supposed to take 
place, and the excretory radicle to arise. Acini 
are the glob'uli arteria'rum ter'mini of Nichols. 
The term ac"ini glandulo' si has also been given 
to glands, which, like the pancreas, are arranged 
as it were in clusters. See Lobule. 
ACIPENSER, see Ichthyocolla. 
ACIURGIA, Surgery, (operative.) 
ACLEITROCARDIA, Cyanopathy. 
ACMAS'TICUS, from aspr), 'the top,' and arau>, 
* I remain.' A fever which preserves an equal 
degree of intensity throughout its course. It is 
also called Homot'onos. The Greeks gave it the 
name of Epacmas'ticos, and Syn'ochos, when it 
went on increasing,-and Paracmas'ticos, when 
it decreased.-Galen. 
ACME, Vigor, Cor'yphe, Culmina'tio, Status, 
Fastig"ium. The period of a disease at which 
the symptoms are most violent. Arche, Apxrj, is 
' the commencement;' anab'asis, avafiaais, ' the 
period of increase;' and acme, aKyn, 'the height.' 
ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella-a. Mauriti- 
ana, Spilanthus acmella. 
ACMON, Incus. 
ACNE, Acna, Ion'thus varus, Varus, Psydra'cia 
Acne, Stone Pock, Whelk, Bubucle, (F.) Dartre 
pustuleuse disstminfe. A small pimple or tuber- 
cle on the face.-Gorraeus. Foesius thinks the 
word ought to be Acme; and, according to Cas- 
sius, it is, at all events, derived from aicyn, ' vi- 
gour;' the disease affecting those in the vigour 
of life, especially. 
Willan and Bateman have adopted the term in 
their Nosology of cutaneous diseases, and placed 
it in the Order, Tubebcula. Acne, with them, is 
an eruption of distinct, hard, inflamed tubercles, 
sometimes continuing for a considerable length 
of time, and sometimes suppurating slowly and 
partially. They usually appear on the forehead, 
temples and chin, and are common to both sexes; 
but the most severe forms are seen in young men. 
They require but little management, and consist 
of four varieties; Acne indura'ta, A. simplex, 
(Haploacne,) A. puncta'ta (Ion1 thus varus punc- 
ta'tus, Punctce muco'see, Comedo'nes or Maggot 
Pimple,) and A. rosa'cea.-See Gutta Rosea. 
Acne Rosacea, Gutta rosea-a. of the Throat, 
Pharyngitis, follicular. 
ACNES'TIS, from a, privative, and Kvaeiv, 'to 
scratch.' The part of the spine which extends, 
in quadrupeds, from between the shoulders to the 
loins. According to Pollux, the middle of the 
loins. The vertebral column. 
ACNESTOS, Cneorum tricoccum. 
ACOE, Audition, Ear. 
ACCE'LIOS, from a, privative, and soiXia, 'belly.' 
Devoid of belly. One who is so emaciated as to 
appear to have no belly.-Galen. 
44 
ACOPIS 
ACOEMETER, Acoumeter. 
ACOEMETRUM, Acoumeter. 
ACOENOSI, AconusL 
ACOESIS, Audition. 
ACOGNOSIA, Pharmacognosia. 
ACOLASIA, Intemperance. 
ACOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
ACONE, Mortar. 
AGO NIT A GRANDS FLEURS, Aconitum 
cammarum-a. Salutaire, Aconitum anthora. 
ACONITA, see Aconitum napellus. 
ACONITE, Aconitum-a. Folia, see Aconitum 
-a. Radix, see Aconitum. 
ACONITI FOLIA, see Aconitum - a. Radix, 
see Aconitum. 
ACONITIA, see Aconitum napellus. 
ACONITIN, see Aconitum napellus. 
ACONITINE, see Aconitum napellus. 
ACONITIUM, see Aconitum napellus. 
ACONI'TUM, from Ac'one, a place in Bithy- 
nia, where it is common. Cynoc' tonon, Parda- 
lian'ches, Pardalian'chum, Canici'da, Ac'onite, 
Wolfsbane, Monkshood. Nat. Ord. Ranuncula- 
ceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Trigynia. 
Aconitum, Aconite, in the Pharmacopoeia of 
the United States, 1842, is the leaves of Aconi- 
tum napellus, and A. paniculatum. In the last 
edition, 1851, Aconiti folia is the officinal name 
for the leaves; Aconiti radix for that of the root. 
Aconi'tum An'thora, Aconi'tum Salutif erum, 
seu nemoro' sum seu Oandol'lei seu Jacquini seu 
eul'ophum seu anthoroideum, An'thora vulga'ris, 
An'thora, Antith'ora, Sal'utary Monkshood, 
Wholesome Wolfsbane, Yellow helmet flower. 
(F.) Aconit salutaire. The root of this variety, 
as of all the rest, is poisonous. It is used as a 
cathartic and anthelmintic. Dose Qss to 9j- 
Aconitum Anthoroideum, A. anthora. 
Aconi'tum Cam'marum, A. panicula'tum, A. 
macran'thum, A. Kusnezo'vii, (F.) Aconit d 
grands fleurs, resembles Aconitum Napellus in 
properties. 
Aconitum Candollei, A. anthora-a. Eulo- 
phum, A. anthora-a. Jacquini, A. anthora-a. 
Kusnezovii, A. cammarum-a. Macranthum, A. 
cammarum. 
Aconi'tum Napel'lus, Napel'lus verus, Aco- 
ni'tum, Common Monkshead or Wolfsbane, A. Ne- 
omonta'num. (F.) Chaperon de Moine. The leaves 
are narcotic, sudorific, and deobstruent (?) They 
have been used in chronic rheumatism, scrofula, 
scirrhus, paralysis, amaurosis, Ac. The active 
principle is called Aconit'ia, Aconiti'na, Aconi'ta, 
Aconit'ium or Aconitine. A form for its prepara- 
tion is contained in the Ph. U. S. (1851.) It is 
made by treating an alcoholic extract of the root 
with dilute sulphuric acid; precipitating by solu- 
tion of ammonia; dissolving the precipitate in 
dilute sulphuric acid; treating with animal char- 
coal; again precipitating with solution of ammo- 
nia; washing with water, and drying. It re- 
quires 150 parts of cold and 50 of boiling water 
to dissolve it, but is readily dissolved by alcohol 
and ether. It neutralizes the acids, and forms 
with them uncrystallizable salts. It has been 
used internally, and especially applied exter- 
nally, in neuralgic cases, iatraleptically and en- 
dermically. Dose of Aconitum, gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Aconitum Nemorosum, A. anthora-a. Neo- 
montanum, A. napellus-a. Paniculatum, A. cam- 
marum-a. Racemosum, Actaea spicata-a. Salu- 
tiferum, A. anthora. 
ACONU'SI, Acoen'osi, Acoon'osi, from axon, 
'audition,' and vovao;, 'disease.' Morbi au'rium 
et audi'tfts. Diseases of the ears and audition. 
ACOdNOSI, Aconusi. 
AC'OPIS. Same etymon as the next. Pliny ACOPON 
gives this name to a precious stone, which was 
boiled in oil and used against weariness. 
AC'OPON, from a, privative, and kovos, 'weari- 
ness.' A remedy against weariness-Foesius, Gor- 
raeus, <te. Ac'opum,-Celsus, Pliny. SeeAnagyris. 
ACOPRIA, Constipation. 
ACOPROSIS, Constipation. 
ACOR BENZOINUS, Benjamin-a. Boraci- 
cus, Boracic acid-a. Succineus, Succinic acid- 
a. Sulphuris, Sulphuric acid-a. Tartaricus, Tar- 
taric acid. 
AGO HE EATARD, Iris pseudacorus - a. 
Faux, Iris pseudacorus - a. Odorant, Acorus 
calamus. 
ACORES, Acids, and Acidities. 
ACOR'IA, from a, privative, and xoprw, ' I sa- 
tiate.' An inordinate or canine appetite.-Hip- 
pocrates. 
ACORI'TES. A wine made of Acorus.-Dios- 
corides. 
ACOR'MUS, from a, privative, and icopyoi, 
' trunk.' A monster devoid of a trunk.-Gurlt. 
ACORN, JUPITER'S, Fagus castanea-a. 
Oily, Guilandina moringa-a. Sardinian, Fagus 
castanea. 
ACORNS. See Quercus alba. 
ACORUS ADULTERINUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
Ac'orus Cal'amus. A. Verus, Cal'anius Aro- 
mat'icus, C. Odora'tus, Cal'amus vulga'ris, Typha 
Aromat'ica, Acorus Erazilien'sis, Clara Rugo'sa, 
Sweetjlag or Ac'orus, Flagroot, Sweet cane, Myrtle 
Flag, Sweet grass, Sweet root, Sweet rush. (F.) 
Jone roseau ou Canne aromatique, Acore odorant. 
Nat. Ord. Aroide®; Acoraceae. (Lindley.) Sex. 
Syst. Ilexandria Monogynia. The rhizoma-Cal'- 
amus (Ph. U. S.)-is stomachic and carminative, 
but is rarely used. It is regarded as a good ad- 
juvant to bark in quinia and intermittents. 
Ac'orus Palustris, Iris pseudacorus-a. Vul- 
garis, Iris pseudacorus. 
A COS, Medicament. 
ACOS'MIA, from a, privative, and Kocryos, 'or- 
der, ornament,' Disorder, irregularity in the 
critical days, according to Galen, who uses the 
word Koayos for regularity in those days. Others, 
and particularly Pollux, call bald persons aKocrpoi, 
because they are deprived of one of their most 
beautiful ornaments. 
ACOUM'ETER, Acouom'eter, Acoem'eter, Aco- 
em'etrum, Acu'meter, Acusim'eter, (F.) Acoumetre, 
from aKovw, ' I hear,' and yerpov, ' measure.' An 
instrument designed by M. Itard for measuring 
the degree of hearing. 
ACOUM E TRE, Acoumeter. 
ACOUOPHO'NIA, Copho'nia; from avow, 
'I hear,' and tywvn, 'voice,' "Aus'cultatory Per- 
cus'sion." A mode of auscultation, in which the 
observer places his ear on the chest, and analyzes 
the sound produced by percussion.-DonnS. 
ACOUS'MA, an imaginary noise. Depraved 
sense of hearing. 
ACOUS'TIC, Acus'ticus. That which belongs 
to the ear; as Acoustic nerve, Acoustic trumpet. 
Acoustic Medicine is one used in diseased au- 
dition. 
Acous'tics, Acus'tica. (F.) Acoustique. The 
part of physics which treats of the theory of 
sounds. It is also called Phonics. 
AOOUST[QUE, Acoustics. 
ACQUA BINELLI, Aqua Binellii-a. Broc- 
chieri, Aqua Brocchierii-a. Monterossi, Aqua 
Binellii - a. di Napoli, Liquor arsenicalis- a. 
della Toffana, Liquor arsenicalis. 
ACQUETTA, Liquor Arsenicalis. 
ACQUI, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
thermal sulphureous springs are in Pigmont. 
Their temperature is 167° Fahr., and they con- 
tain sulphohydric acid and chloride of sodium. 
45 
i ACRISIS 
ACQUIRED DISEASES, Morbi acquisi'ti, 
M. adventi'tii, M. epicte'ti. Adventitious diseases. 
(F.) Maladies acquises. Diseases which occur 
after birth, and which are not dependent upon 
hereditary predisposition. 
ACRAI'PALA, from a, privative, and Kpaiirahp, 
' drunkenness.' Remedies against the effects of 
a debauch.-Gorraeus. 
ACRA'LEA, from aspo;, 'extremity.' The 
extreme parts of the body, as the head, hands, 
feet, nose, ears, <tc. - Hippocrates and Galen. 
See Acrea. 
ACRA'NIA, from a, privative, and xpaviov, 'the 
cranium.' Want of cranium, wholly or in part 
ACRA'SIA, from a, privative, or 'bad,' and 
Kpaaif, 'mixture.' Intemperance. Excess of any 
kind.-Hippocrates. 
It has been employed to denote debility, syno- 
nymously with Acratia; but this may have been 
a typographical inaccuracy. 
ACRATI'A, from a, privative, and Kparos, 
'strength.' Impotence; weakness, fainting. 
ACRATIS'MA, from a, privative, and xcpav- 
wpi, ' to mix.' A breakfast, consisting of bread 
steeped in wine, not mixed with water.-Galen, 
Athenaeus. 
ACRATOM'ELI, from a/cparov, ' pure wine,' 
and ptiXi, 'honey.' Wine mixed with honey. 
ACRATOPE'GjE, Akratope'goe, from a, priva- 
tive, and sparos, 'strength,' and itnyn, 'a spring.' 
Mineral waters having no marked chemical qua- 
lities. 
ACRATOPOS'IA, from Acratum, and Troaij, 
' drink.' The drinking of pure or unmixed wine. 
A'CRATUM, asparov, from a, privative, and 
Kparof, 'strength.' Unmixed wine,-Acratum 
vinum, Vinum merum. 
ACRATURE'SIS, from Acratia, 'weakness,' 
and ovpov, 'urine.' Inability to void the urine 
from paralysis of the bladder. 
ACRE. The extremity or tip of the nose. 
A'CREA, Acroteria, from aicpos, 'the summit.' 
The extreme parts of the body, as the feet, hands, 
ears, &c. 
Also the extreme parts of animals that are used 
as food. Acrocolia. 
ACRID, from aspos, 'a point or summit,' or 
from aus, 'a point,' Acer. An epithet for sub- 
stances which occasion a disagreeable sense of 
irritation or of constriction at the top of the 
throat. 
Acrid heat, (F.) Chaleur acre, is one that causes 
a hot tingling sensation at the extremities of the 
fingers. 
Acrid Poison, See Poison. 
Acrids, in Pathology, are certain imaginary 
substances, supposed by the humourists to exist 
in the humours, and to cause various diseases. 
See Acrimony. 
ACRIDOPH'AGI, from aspi$, 'a locust,' and 
<payw, ' I eat.' Locust-eaters. Acridophagous 
tribes are said to exist in Africa.-Strabo. 
AC'RIMONY, Acu'itas, Acrimo'nia, from acer, 
' acrid,' 'a point.' Acrimony of the humours. 
An imaginary acrid change of the blood, lymph, 
&c., which, by the humourists, was conceived to 
cause many diseases. 
ACRIN'IA, from a, privative, and qw, 'I 
separate.' A diminution in the quantity, or a 
total suspension, of the secretions. 
ACRlS, a sharp bony prominence. Also, the 
locust. 
ACRI'SIA, Acri'sis, from a, privative, and 
Kpnny, 'judgment.' A condition of disease, in 
which no judgment can be formed; or in which 
an unfavourable opinion must be given. - Hipp 
and Galen. 
ACRISIS, Acrisia. ACRITICAL 
ACRIT'ICAL, Ac'ritos, from a, privative, and 
<p«r<r, 'judgment.' That which takes place with- 
out any crisis, or which does not foretell a crisis; 
as a critical symptom,, abscess, &,e. 
ACRITOS, Acritical. 
ACRIVIOLA, Tropseolum majus. 
ACROAMA, Audition. 
ACROASIS, Audition. 
ACROBYS'TIA, Acropos'thia, from aKpos, 'top,' 
and /3vo, 'I cover.' The extremity of the prepuce. 
-Hippocrates. Rufus. 
ACROCHEIR', Acrochir', Acrocheir'on, from 
arpos, 'extremity,' and %e'p> 'the hand.' The 
forearm and hand. Gorrueus. Also, the hand. 
ACROCHOR'DON, from axpos, 'extremity,' 
and xo 'a string.' A tumour which hangs by 
a pedicle. A kind of hard wart, Verru'ca pens'- 
ilis.-Aetius, Celsus. 
ACROCHORIS'MUS, from aKpos, 'extremity,' 
and ' I dance.' A kind of dance, with 
the ancients, in which the arms and legs were 
violently agitated. 
ACROCOLIA, Acrea. 
ACROCOLIUM, Acromion. 
ACROD'RYA, from aKpos, 'extremity,' and 
' a tree.' Autumnal fruits, as nuts, ap- 
ples, Ac. 
ACRODYN'IA, Erythe'ma acrod'ynum, E. 
acrodyn'ia, (F.) Acrodynie, from aKpos, 'extre- 
mity,' and obuvT), 'pain.' A painful affection of 
the wrists and ankles especially, which appeared 
in Paris as an epidemic, in 1828 and 1829. It 
was supposed by some to be rheumatic, by others 
to be owing to spinal irritation. 
ACROLENION, Olecranon. 
ACROMASTIUM, Nipple. 
ACROMIA, Acromion. 
ACRO'MIAL, Acromia'lis. Relating to the 
Acromion. 
Acromial Ar'tery, External Scap'ular, A. 
Arte'ria Thorac"ica humera'lis, Artere troisieme 
des Thoraciques,-(Ch.) A. Thoracique humt- 
rale, arises from the anterior part of the axillary 
artery, opposite the upper edge of the pectoralis 
minor. It divides into two branches : one, supe- 
rior ; the other, inferior,-the branches of which 
are distributed to the subclavius, serratus major 
anticus, first intercostal, deltoid, and pectoralis 
major muscles, as well as to the shoulder joint, 
Ac. They anastomose with the superior scapu- 
lar, thoracic, and circumflex arteries. 
Acromial Nerves, Nervi acromia'les. 
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
distributed to the acromial region. 
Acromial Vein has the same arrangement 
as the artery. 
ACRO'MIO-CORACOI'DEUS. Belonging to 
the acromion and coracoid process. 
The triangular ligament between the acromion 
and coracoid process of the scapula is so called. 
ACRO'MION, Acro'mium, Acro'mia, Acro'mis, 
from aKpos, 'the top,' and epos, 'the shoulder.' 
Os Acro'mii, Hv'merus summus, Armus summus, 
Mucro hu'meri, Nostrum porci'num, Caput Scap'- 
vlce, Acroco'lium. The process which terminates 
the spine of the scapula, and is articulated with 
the clavicle. 
ACROMIS, Acromion. 
ACROMPIIALIUM, Acromphalon. 
ACROM'PHALON, Acrompha'lium, from 
ispos, 'the top,' and opipahos, 'the navel.' The 
extremity of the umbilical cord, which remains 
attached to the foetus after birth. 
ACROMYLE, Patella. 
ACRv-NARCOTIC, See Poison. 
A'CRONYX, from aKpos, 'the summit,' and 
' the nail.' Growing in of the nail. 
ACROPARAL'YSIS, from aKpos, 'extremity,' 
46 
I ACTION 
and napaXvai;, 'palsy;' Paral'yaia extremita'twn, 
Palsy of the extremities. Fuchs. 
ACROPOSTIIIA, Aerobystia. 
ACROPSI'LON, from aapos, 'extremity,' aM 
\piXos, 'naked.' The extremity of the glans penit* 
ACRORIA, Vertex. 
ACRORRHEU'MA, Rheumatia' mua extremita' 
turn, fromairpoy, 'extremity,' and peoya, 'defluxioit 
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the extremities. 
ACROS, aapos, 'extremity, top.' The strength 
of the Athletes, and of diseases ; the prominences 
of bones: the extremities of the fingers, Ac. Sea 
Acrocheir, Acromion, &c. 
ACROTERIA, Acrea. See Extremity. 
ACROTERIASIS, Acroteriasmus. 
ACROTERIAS'MUS, Acroteri'aaia, from axpo- 
Tijpia, 'the extremities;' hence aaporvpiafynv, 'to 
mutilate.' Amputation of the extremities. 
ACROTHYM'ION, from aapos, 'top,' and 
Svpov, 'thyme.' A kind of conical, rugous, bloody 
wart, compared by Celsus to the flower of thyme. 
ACROT'ICA, from aapos, ' summit.' Diseases 
affecting the excernent functions of the externa] 
surface of the body. 
Pravity of the fluids or emunctories that open 
on the external surface; without fever or other 
internal affection as a necessary accompaniment 
The 3d order of the class Eccrit'ica of Good. 
ACROTISMUS, Asphyxia. 
ACT, Aetna, from actum, past participle of 
agere, 'to do,' 'a thing done.' The effective ex- 
ercise of a power or faculty. The action of an 
agent. Acte is used by the French, to signify 
the public discussion, which occurs in supporting 
a thesis:-thus, aoutenir un Acte aux Ecolea de 
Medecint, is, 'to defend a Thesis in the Schools 
of Medicine.' 
ACTJE'A CIMICIF'UGA, A. racemo'aa. 
Act.®'a Racemo'sa, A. Cimicifuga, C>mi- 
cif'uga, (Ph. U. S.) C. racemo'aa, Macro'try i 
racemo'aa, Bot' rophia Serpenta'ria (?) Serpen- 
ta'ria nigra, Black anakeroot, Richweed, Co- 
hoah, Squaw root, Rattleweed, Black Cohoah. 
(F.) Actee d grappea, Serpentaire noire. Nat. 
Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syat. Polyandria Pen- 
tagynia. A common plant in the United States. 
The root is astringent; and, according to Barton, 
has been successfully used, in the form of decoc- 
tion, as a gargle in putrid sore throat. A decoc- 
tion of the root cures the itch. It is acro-narco- 
tic, and has been ufced in rheumatism, acute and 
chronic; chorea, Ac. 
Acta/a Spica'ta, Chriatophoria'na spica'ta, 
Aconi'tum racemo'aum, Baneberry, Herb Vhria'- 
topher. (F.) Herbe St. Chriatophe. A perennial 
herbaceous European plant, the root of which 
resembles that of the black hellebore. The root 
is cathartic, and sometimes emetic, and in over- 
doses may produce dangerous consequences. 
Actoa'a America'na, of which there are two 
varieties, A. alba and A. rubra,-white and red 
cohoah, is indigenous in the United States. It 
has the same properties as A. spicata. 
ACTE, Sambucus. 
ACTE; Act. 
ACTEE d GRAPPES, Actaea racemosa. 
ACT IF, Active. 
ACTIO, Action, Function. 
AC'TION, Ac'tio, Opera'tio, Energi'a, Praxis : 
from agere, actum, 'to act.' Mode in which one 
object influences another. 
The animal actiona are those that occur in the 
animal body: the vital, those that are essential 
to life : the phyaiological, those of a healthy cha- 
racter : the pathological, or morbific, those that 
occur in disease, Ac. The ancients divided the 
phyaiological actiona into vital, animal, natural, 
sexual, particular, general, Ac. See Function. ACTIONES 
ACTIONES NATURALES, see Function. 
ACTIVE, same etymon. Dras'ticus, Acti'vus, 
Sthen'icus, Hypersthen'icus. (F.) Act if. This 
adjective is used, in Pathology, to convey the 
idea of superabundant energy or strength. Active 
symptoms, e. g. are those of excitement. In The- 
rapeutics, it signifies energetic: - as, an active 
treatment. The French use fhe expression 3/e- 
decine agissante, in contradistinction to Medecine 
expectante. In Physiology, active has a similar 
signification, many of the functions being divided 
into active and passive. 
ACTON. A village near London, at which 
there is a purgative mineral spring, like that at 
Epsom. 
AC'TUAL. Same etymon as active. That 
which acts immediately. A term usually re- 
stricted to the red-hot iron, or to heat in any 
form; in contradistinction to the potential or vir- 
tual, which is applied to caustics or escharotics. 
ACTUA'RIUS. Originally a title of dignity 
given to the Byzantine physicians. 
ACTUS PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
ACUITAS, Acrimony. 
ACULEUS LIGNEUS, Splinter. 
ACUMETER, Acoumeter. 
A'CUPUNCTURE, Acupunctu'ra, from acus, 
' a needle,' and punctura, 'a puncture.' A sur- 
gical operation, much in use amongst the Chinese 
and Japanese, which consists in puncturing parts 
with a very fine needle. It has been employed, 
of late years, in obstinate rheumatic affections, 
<tc., and apparently with success. Acupuncture 
is likewise a mode of infanticide in some coun- 
tries ; the needle being forced into the brain 
through the fontanelles, or into the spinal mar- 
row, &c. 
ACURGIA, Surgery (operative.) 
ACUS, Needle - a. Capitata, Pin - a. In vagi- 
nate, see Needle - a. Ophthalmica, see Needle- 
a. Paracentica, Trocar-a. Paracentetica, Trocar 
- a. Triquetra vulgaris, Trocar - a. Veneris, 
Eryngium campestre. 
ACUSIMETER, Acoumeter. 
ACUSIS, Audition. 
ACUSTICA, Acoustics. 
ACUSTICUS, Auditory. 
ACUTE, Acu'tus, Oxys, o&s, (a«ij, 'a point-') 
(F.) Aigu. A disease which, with a certain de- 
gree of severity, has a rapid progress, and short 
duration, is said to be "acute."-Oxynose'ma, 
Oxyn'osos, Oxynu'sos. 
Diseases were formerly subdivided into Morbi 
acutis'simi, very acute, or those which last only 
three or four days : JK. subacutis'simi, which con- 
tinue seven days: and Jf. subacu'ti, or those 
which last from twenty to forty days. 
The antithesis to acute is chronic. Acute, when 
applied to pain, sound, cries, Ac., means sharp. 
ACUTENACULUM, Porte-aiguille. 
ACYANOBLEP'SIA, from a, privative, uvavof, 
'blue,' and /3Xc~w, 'I see.' Defective vision, 
which consists in incapability of distinguishing 
blue.-Gbthe. See Achromatopsia. 
ACYESIS, Sterilitas. 
ACYRUS, Arnica montana. 
ACYTERIUS, Abortive. 
ADACA. The Sphceran'thus In'dicus,n. Mala- 
bar plant, which is acrid and aromatic. 
ADAC'RYA, from a, privative, and Saxpvw, 'I 
weep.' Defective secretion of tears. 
AD3EM0NIA, Anxiety. 
ADAKO'DIEN. A Malabar plant of the fa- 
mily Apocyneae, used in that country in diseases 
of the eyes. 
AD'ALI, Lip'pia. A Malabar plant, which 
the Orientals regard as an antidote to the bite of 
the naja. 
47 
ADDUCTOR 
- 
ADAMANTINE SUBSTANCE, Enamel of 
the teeth. 
ADAMAS, Diamond. 
ADAMI'TA, Adami'tum. A very hard, white 
calculus.-Paracelsus. 
The first word has been used for stone in the 
bladder: the second for lithiasis or the calculous 
condition. 
ADAM'S APPLE, Pomum Adami. 
ADANSONIA DIGITATA, Baobab. 
ADAPTER, from ad and apto, ' I fit.' A tube 
employed in pharmaceutical operations for length- 
ening the neck of a retort; or in cases where the 
opening of the receiver is not large enough to 
admit the beak of the retort. 
ADAR'CE, Adar'cion, Adar'cis A concretion 
found about the reeds and grass in the marshy 
regions of Galatia, and hiding them, as it were: 
hence the name, from a, privative, and 5tp«-w, ' I 
see.' It was formerly in repute for cleansing the 
skin from freckles, <fcc. 
ADARIGO, Orpiment. 
ADARNECH, Orpiment. 
ADARTICULATIO, Arthrodia. 
AD CUTEM ABDOM'INIS (ARTERIA.) 
The superficial artery of the abdomen,-a branch 
of the crural or femoral, which arises at the 
lower part of Poupart's ligament and ascends 
towards the umbilicus, being distributed to the 
integuments. 
ADD AD. A Numidian plant; bitter and 
poisonous. 
ADDEPHAG"IA, Adephag"ia, from 
' much,' and ipayciv, ' to eat.' Voraciousness. 
Galen and Hoffman have given this name to vo- 
racious appetite in children affected with worms. 
Sauvages refers it to Bulimia. Also, the goddess 
of gluttony. 
ADDER'S TONGUE, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
ADDITAMEN'TUM. A term once used sy- 
nonymously with Epiphysis. It is now restricted 
to the prolongation of two cranial sutures, the 
lamboidal and squamous. 
Additamentum Coli, Appendix vermiformis 
caeci-a. Necatum, Olecranon-a. ad Sacrolum- 
balem, see Sacro-lumbalre - a. Uncatum ulna?, 
Olecranon-a. Ulna.1, Radius. 
ADDUCENS OCULI, Rectus internus oculi. 
ADDUGTEUR 1>E L'CEIL, Rectus inter- 
nus oculi - a. du Gros orteil, Adductor pollicis 
pedis - a. Premier ou moyen, Adductor longus 
femoris -«. du Police, Adductor pollicis mantis 
- a. Second on petit, Adductor brevis - a. Troi- 
sieme ou grand, Adductor magnus. 
ADDUC'TION, Adduc'tio, from ad, 'to,' and 
ducere, 'todraw.' Parago'ge. The action by which 
parts are drawn towards the axis of the body. 
The muscles which execute this function are 
called Adduc'tors. 
ADDUCTOR MEDII DIGITI PEDIS, Pos- 
terior medii digiti pedis -a. Oculi, Rectus inter- 
nus ocuM. 
Adduc'tor Metacar'pi min'imi Dig"iti, Me- 
tacar'peus, Car'po-metacar'pens min'imi dig"iti, 
is situate between the adductor and flexor, next 
to the metacarpal bone. It arises, fleshy, from 
the unciform process of the os uneiforme, and 
from the contiguous part of the annular ligament 
of the wrist, and is inserted, tendinous and fleshy, 
into the fore-part of the metacarpal bone of the 
little finger, from its base to its head. 
Adduc'tor Pol'licis ManIs, A. Pol'lids, A. 
ad min'imum dig"iturn, Metacar'po~phalon'gcus 
pol'licis - (Ch.) (F.) Adducteur du pouce. A 
muscle which arises, fleshy, from almost the 
whole length of the metacarpal bone of the mid- 
dle finger, and is inserted into the inner part of 
the root of the first bone of the thumb. ADEC 
Adduc'tor Pol'licis Pedis, Antith'enar, Ne- 
tatar'so-subphalan'geuB pollicis.- (Ch.) Tarso- 
metatarsi-phalangien du pouce. (F.) Adducteur 
du grog orteil. Arises by a long, thin tendon, 
from the under part of the os calcis, from the os 
cuboides, os cuneiforme externum, and from the 
root of the metatarsal bone of the second toe. It 
is divided into two fleshy portions, and is inserted 
into the external sesamoid bone, and root of the 
metatarsal bone of the great toe. 
Bichat has given the general name, Adduc'- 
tors, to those of the interosseous muscles of the 
hand or foot, which perform the action of ad- 
duction. 
Adductor Tertii Digiti Pedis, Prior tertii 
digiti pedis. 
Adductors of the thigh. These are three 
in number, which have, by some anatomists, been 
united into one muscle - the Triceps Adduc'tor 
Fem'oris. 
1. Adduc'tor longus fem'oris, Adduc'tor fem'- 
oris primus, Triceps minor, Pu'bio-femora'lis- 
(Ch.) (F.) Premier ou moyen adducteur. Arises 
by a strong tendon from the upper and fore part 
of the os pubis and ligament of the symphysis, 
at the inner side of the pectinalis. It runs down- 
wards and outwards, and is inserted by a broad, 
flat tendon, into the middle of the linea aspera. 
2. Adduc'tor brevis, A. fem'oris secun'dus, 
Triceps secun'dus, Sub-pubio-femora'lis - (Ch.) 
(F.) Second ou petit Adducteur. Arises tendi- 
nous from the os pubis, at the side of its sym- 
physis, below and behind the last muscle. It 
runs obliquely outwards, and is inserted by a 
short, flat tendon into the inner and upper part 
of the linea aspera, from a little below the tro- 
chanter minor to the beginning of the insertion 
of the adductor longus. 
3. Adduc'tor magnus, Adduc'tor fem'oris ter'- 
tius et quartus, Triceps magnus, Is'chio-femora'- 
lis-(Ch.) (F.) Troisieme ougrand adducteur, is 
much larger than either of the others. It arises 
from the ramus of the pubis, from that of the 
ischium, and from the tuber ischii, and is inserted 
into the whole length of the linea aspera. Near 
the lower part of the linea aspera it is pierced 
by a kind of oblique, fibrous canal, through which 
the crural artery and vein pass. 
ADEC. The inner man.-Paracelsus. 
ADECTA, Sedatives. 
ADELIPARIA, Polysarcia. 
ADELODAGAM. A bitter Malabar plant, 
used in asthma, catarrh, and gout. 
ADELPIIIA, see Adelphixia. 
ADELPIIIX'IA, Adelphixis; from 
'brother.' Consanguinity of parts in health or 
disease. Frater'nitas, Fratra'tio. Hippocrates 
used the word Adel'phia, for diseases that re- 
semble each other. 
ADELPHIXIS, Sympathy. 
ADEMONIA, Depression, Nostalgia. 
ADEMOSYNE, Depression, Nostalgia. 
ADEN, abnv, 'a gland;' hence Adenalgia, Ade- 
niform, &c.-~see Gland. 
ADENAL'GIA, Adenodyn'ia, from ainv, 'a 
gland,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Glandular pain. 
ADENECTOP'IA, from abnv, 'a gland,' and 
cKro-rros, 'removed from its place.' Dislocation of 
a gland. 
ADENEMPHRAX'IS, from abnv, 'a gland,' 
and syippafa, 'obstruction.' Glandular obstruc- 
tion. 
A D E N' IF 0 R M, Adeniform'is, Adeno'i'des, 
Adenoid, from Aden, 'a gland,' and Forma, 'form 
or resemblance.' Gian'diform, or resembling a 
gland. x 
ADE NITE LYMPHATIQUE, Lymphaden- 
itis. 
48 
ADEPS 
ADENI'TIS, from air/v, 'a gland,' and ills, a 
termination denoting inflammation. Phlegma'sia 
adeno'sa seu glandulo'sa. Glandular inflamma- 
tion. 
Adenitis Lymphatica, Lymphadenitis. 
Adeni'tis Mesenter'ica, Mesenter'ic Gangli- 
oni'tis. Inflammation of the mesenteric glands. 
Adenitis Palpebrarum Contagiosa, see Oph- 
thalmia. 
ADENOCHIRAPSOLOG"IA, from aSnv, 'a 
gland,' hand,' airrw, 'I lay hold of,' and 
Xoyos, 'a description.' The doctrine of curing 
scrofula or the king's evil by the royal touch. 
ADENOCHON'DRIUS, from afo, 'a gland,' 
and 'a cartilage.' Relating to gland and 
cartilage, - for example, Arthrophy'ma adeno- 
chon'drium, a tumefaction of the glands and car- 
tilages of joints. 
ADENODYNIA, Adenalgia. 
ADENOG'RAPHY, Adenogra'phia, from abrjv, 
'a gland,' and ypa0w, 'I describe.' That part of 
anatomy which describes the glands. 
ADENOID, Adeniform. 
ADENOIDES, Adeniform. 
ADENOL'OGY, Adenolog"ia, from aSr/v, ' a 
gland,' and Xoyoj, 'a description.' A treatise on 
the glands. 
ADENOMALA'CIA, from aSrjv, 'a gland,' and 
paXaKia, ' softening.' Mollescence or softening of 
a gland. 
ADENO-MENINGEAL, see Fever, adeno- 
meningeal. 
ADENONCOSIS, Adenophyma. 
ADE'NO-PIIARYN'GEUS, from afar, 'a 
gland,' and 0apvyf, ' the pharynx.' Some fleshy 
fibres, which pass from the constrictor pharyngis 
inferior to the thyroid gland, have received this 
name. Their existence is not constant 
ADE'NO-PHARYNGI'TIS. Same etymon. 
Inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx. 
ADENOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
ADENOPHY'MA, Adcnon'cus, Adenonco'sis, 
from airjv, 'a gland,' and <j,vpa, 'a swelling.' 
Swelling of a gland, or glandiform ganglion. 
(F.) Glandage. Adenophyma is used by some to 
signify a soft glandular swelling;-Adenoncus, 
one of a harder character.-Kraus. 
Adenophyma Lnguinalis. Bubo. 
ADENOSCIR'RHUS, Adenosclero'sis, from 
aiqv, 'a gland,' and cxippos, 'induration.' Scir- 
rhous induration of a gland. 
ADENOSCLEROSIS, Adenoscirrlms. 
ADENOSIS SCROPHULOSA, Scrofula. 
ADENO'SUS, (Absces'sus.) A hard, glandular 
abscess, which suppurates slowly.-M. A. Seve- 
rinus. 
ADENOT'OMY, Adenotom'ia, from a$nv, 'a 
gland,' and Ttpvw, 'I cut.' Dissection of the 
glands. 
ADEPHAGIA, Addephagia, Boulimia. 
ADEPS, Adeps Sullins, Oxyn'gium, Pingue'do. 
Pig's flare. The fat of the hog. In the Ph. U.S. 
the prepared fat of Sus scrofa, free from saline 
matter. 
Adeps Anseri'nus, Adeps an'seris or Goose 
grease, (F.) Graisse d'Oie, is emollient. It has 
been used as an emetic. 
Adeps Cantharidibus Medicates, Unguen- 
tum lyttae medicatum-a. Cortice Daphnes gnidii 
medicatus, Unguentum epispasticuin de Daphne 
gnidio-a. Humanus, Liquamumia-a. Ilydrar- 
gyro medicatus, Unguentum Hydrargyri-a. ex 
llydrargyro mitius dictum einereum, Unguentum 
oxidi hydrargyri einereum-a. Ilydrargyri muri- 
ate oxygenato medicatus, Unguentum muriatis 
hydrargyri oxygenati medicatum-a. Ilydrargyri 
nitrate medicatus, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis 
-a. Hydrargyri oxido rubro et plumbi aceta me- ADEPT 
dicitus, Unguentum ophthalmicum-a. Lauro 
medicatus, Unguentum laurinum-a. Ovilli, Se- 
vum - a. Papavere, hyoscyamo, et belladonna 
medicatus, Unguentum populeum-a. Sulfure et 
ammonias muriate 'medicatus, Unguentum sul- 
phuratum ad scabiem-a. Sulfure et carbonate 
potass® medicatus, Unguentum sulphuratum al- 
calinum ad scabiem-a. Tartaro stibii medicatus, 
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati-a. Oxido zinci 
medicatus, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. 
Adeps Prcepara'tus, Hog's lard, Barrow's 
grease, Lard, Ax'unge, Axun'gia, Adeps suil'lus 
prcepara'tus, A. prcepara'tus, Axun'gia porci'na, 
(F.) Graisse de Pore, Saindoux, is prepared by 
melting pig's flare, and straining it. This is 
called rendering the lard. Lard is emollient, 
hut is chiefly used for forming ointments and 
plasters. 
ADEPT, Alchymist. 
ADEP'TA MEDIOI'NA. Medicine, which 
treated of diseases contracted by celestial opera- 
tions, or communicated from heaven. 
Adepta Philosophia, Alchymy. 
ADFLATUS, Afflatus. 
ADIIJERENTIA, Adherence. 
ADHASSIO, Adherence. 
ADHATO'DA, Justic"ia adhato'da. The Ma- 
labar Nut Tree. (F.) Noyer de Ceylon. Used 
in India for expelling the dead foetus in abortion. 
The word is said to convey this meaning in the 
Ceylonese. 
ADHE'RENCE, Adhe' sion, Adharen'tia, Con- 
cre'tio, Atre'sia, Pros'physis, Proscolle' sis, Ad- 
ha'sio, from adheerere, (ad and hcerere,) 'to stick 
to.' These words are usually employed synonym- 
ously. The French often use adherence for the 
state of union, and adhesion for the act of ad- 
hering. 
ADHESION, Adherence. 
ADHE'SIVE INFLAMMATION is that in- 
flammation which terminates by an adhesion 
between inflamed and separated surfaces, and 
which was, at one time, supposed to be necessary 
for such adhesion. 
Adhe'sive is also an epithet for certain plasters 
which stick closely to the skin. 
ADIANTHUM, Adiantum. 
ADIANTUM, A. pedatum. 
Adiantum jEthiop'icum. A South African 
plant, Nat. Ord. Filices, an infusion of which is 
sometimes used as an emollient in coughs, and 
in diseases of the chest. 
Adiantum Album, Asplenium ruta muraria- 
a. Aureura, Polytrichum. 
Adian'tum Capil'lus Ven'eris, A. Coriandri- 
fo'lium seu Nigrum, Capil'lus Ven'eris, from a, 
privative, and Jiaivai, 'to grow wet,' from the 
leaves not being easily moistened. Maiden hair. 
(F.) Capillaire de Montpellier. A European 
plant, of feeble, aromatic and demulcent pro- 
perties. It is used for forming the Strop de Ca- 
pillaire or Capillaire. 
Adiantum Coriandrifolium, A. Capillus Ve- 
neris. 
Adiantum Nigrum, A. Capillus Veneris. 
Adian'tum Peda'tum, A. Canaden'se seu Pa- 
tens, Adiantum, Capil'lus Ven'eris Canaden'sis, 
Jlerba Ven'eris, Filix Ven'eris, Canada Maiden- 
hair, American Maidenhair, llockfern, Sweetfern, 
(F.) Capillaire du Canada, has the same proper- 
ties. Capillaire was once made from this. See 
Adiantum. 
Adiantum Rubrum, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
ADIAPHORO'SIS, Adiaphore'sis, from a, pri- 
vative, bia, 'through,' and (popes, 'a pore.' Defect 
or suppression of perspiration, Adiapneus'tia. 
ADIAPH'OROUS, Adiaph'orus, Indiff'erens, 
49 
• ADORION 
Neutral. A medicine which will neither do harm 
nor good. 
ADIAPNEUSTIA, Adiaphorosis. 
ADIARRHGS'A, from a, privative, and iiat- 
'to flow.' Retention of any excretion.- 
lippocrates. 
ADICE, Urtica. 
ADIPATUS, Fatty. 
ADIPEUX, Adipose. ' 
ADIPOCERA, Adipocire - a. Cetosa, Ceta- 
ceum. 
ADIPOCIRE, Adipoce'ra, from adept, 'fat,' 
and cera, ' wax.' The base of biliary calculi, 
called also Choi'esterine. Also, a sort of soap, 
formed from animal matter under certain circum- 
stances. (F.) Grat des Cadavres, Gras des Cime- 
tieres. The human body, when it has been for some 
weeks in water, assumes this appearance; and it 
has been a subject of legal inquiry, what length 
of time is necessary to produce it. This must, 
of course, depend upon various circumstances, as 
climate, season, <tc. 
ADIPOCIRE DE BALETNE, Cetaceum. 
AD'IPOSE, Ad'ipous, Adipo'sus, from adept, 
'fat.' (F.) Adipeux. That which relates to fat- 
as Adipose membrane, A. vessels, &c. See Fatty. 
Ad'ipose Sarco'ma of Aberne'thy, Emphy'ma 
sarco'ma adipo'sum, is suetty throughout, and 
enclosed in a thin capsule of condensed areolar 
substance, connected by means of minute vessels. 
It is chiefly found on the fore and back parts of 
the trunk. See Sarcoma. 
ADIPOSIS. See Polysarcia. 
Adipo'sis Hepat'ica, Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, 
Fatty liver, Fatty degeneration of the liver, (F.) 
Dtgenlrescence graisseuse du Foie. Fatty dis- 
ease of the liver. 
ADIPOSUS, Fatty. 
ADIPOUS, Fatty. 
ADIP'SIA, Dipso'sis expert. Absence of thirst. 
ADIP'SON, Adip'sum, from a, privative, and 
hiAa, 'thirst.' Any substance which relieves 
thirst. Applied to a decoction of barley to which 
oxymel was added.-Hippocrates. 
ADIPSOS, Glycyrrhiza. 
AD'ITUS, 'an entrance,' 'an approach;' from 
adere, aditum, ' to go to.' Prot'odos. The en- 
trance to a canal or duct, as Aditus ad Aquaduc- 
tum Fallopii. 
Aditus ad Infundibulum, Vulva. 
ADIULIS'TOS, from a, privative, and SivXifa, 
'I strain.' Unstrained wine for pharmaceutical 
purposes.-Gorraeus. 
ADJUNCTUM, Accompaniment. 
ADJUTOR PARTUS, Accoucheur. 
. AD'JUVANT, Ad'juvans, from adjuvare, 'to 
aid.' A medicine, introduced into a prescription 
to aid the operation of the principal ingredient 
or basis. Also, whatever assists in the removal 
or prevention of disease. 
ADNASCENTIA, Prosphysis. 
ADNATA (TUNICA,) Conjunctiva. 
ADA EE {MEMBRANE,) Conjunctiva. 
ADOLES'CENCE, Adolescen'tia, Juven'tus, 
■/Etas bona, Xouthq from adolescere {ad and 
olescere) 'to grow.' (F.) Jeunesse. The period 
between puberty and that at which the body 
acquires its full development; being, in man, 
between the 14th and 25th years; and, in woman, 
between the 12th and 21st. 
ADOLES'CENS, Ju'venis, Hebe'tes, hebe'ter, 
Hebe'tor. A youth. A young man in the period 
of adolescence. 
ADO'LIA. A Malabar plant, whose leaves, 
put in oil, form a liniment, used in facilitating 
labour. 
ADOR, Zea mays. 
AD ORION, Daucus carota. ADOUGISSANT 
ADOUGISSANT, Demulcent. 
AD PONDUS OM'NIUM. The weight of the 
whole. In a prescription it means, that any 
particular ingredient shall equal in weight the 
whole of the others. 
ADRAGANT, Tragacantha. 
ADRA RIZA, Aristolochia clematitis. 
ADROBO'LON, from aipo;, 'great,' and/SwAos, 
' mass.' The bdellium of India, which is in larger 
pieces than that of Arabia. 
ADROS, aSpos, ' plump and full.' Applied to 
the habit of body, and also to the pulse.-Hippo- 
crates. 
ADSARIA PALA, Dolichos pruriens. 
ADSPIRATIO, Aspiration, Inspiration. 
ADSTANS, Prostate. 
ADSTITES GLANDULOSI, Prostate. 
ADSTRICTIO Astriction, Constipation. 
ADSTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
ADSTRINGENTIA, Astringents. 
ADULAS'SO. The Juetitia bivalvis. A small 
shrub, used in India as a local application in gout. 
ADULT, see Adult age. 
Adult Age, Andri'a, from adolescere, 'to 
grow to,' (ad and olere, olitum, 'to grow.') Fi- 
ril'ity. The age succeeding adolescence, and pre- 
ceding old age. In the civil law, an adult is one, 
who, if a boy, has attained the age of fourteen 
years ; and, if a girl, of twelve. In the common 
law, one of full age. Adult, Adul'tus, is also 
used for one in the adult age. 
ADULTERATIO, Falsification. 
ADULTUS, see Adult age. 
ADUNCATIO UNGUIUM, Onychogryphosis. 
ADURENS, Caustic, 
ADURION, Rhus coriaria. 
ADUST, Adus'tue, from adurere, (ad and 
urere,) 'to burn.' The blood and fluids were 
formerly said to be adust, when there was much 
heat in the constitution and but little serum in 
the blood. 
ADUSTIO, Adustion, Burn. 
ADUS'TION, Adus'tio. State of the body 
described under Adust. In surgery, it signifies 
cauterization. 
ADVENTITIOUS DISEASES, Acquired dis- 
eases. 
ADVENTITIUS, Accidental. 
ADYNA'MIA, Impoten'tia; from a, privative, 
and ivvants, 1 strength,' kdyna'sia, Adyna'tia. 
Considerable debility of the vital powers; as in 
typhus fever. Some Nosologists have a class of 
diseases under the name Adynamia, Ec'lysee, 
Morbi asthen'ici. 
Adynamia Virilis, Impotence. 
ADYNAM'IC, Adynam'icus, Hypodynam'ic, 
Hypodynam'icus; same etymon. Appertaining 
to debility of the vital powers. 
ADYNASIA, Adynamia. 
ADYNATIA, Adynamia. 
ADYNATOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
ADYNATODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
ADYNATOS, Sickly. 
A3DCEA, Genital Organs. 
ASDQl'AGRA, from a«5o<a, 'genital organs,' 
and aypa, ' seizure.' Gout in the genitals. 
jEDffiAG'RAPHY, sEdoeagraph'ia, from al- 
lots. 'organs of generation,' and ypatfiu, 'I de- 
scribe.' A description of the organs of gene- 
ration. 
ASDCEAL'OGY, AEdcealog"ia, from aiioia, 'the 
pudendum,' and Xoyoj, 'a description.' A treatise 
on the organs of generation. 
AJD®AT'OMY, jEdoeatom'ia, 
jEdoeot'omy, from ailota, 'the pu- 
dendum,' and rcfivu, ' I cut.' Dissection of the 
parts of generation. 
iEDCEI'TIS, aEdceoti'tis, Medel'tie; from ai- 
50 
) AEGYPTIA 
iota, 'genital organs/ and itia, denoting inflam- 
mation. Inflammation of the genital organs. 
JEDCEOBLENORRHCEA, Leucorrhcea. 
jEDCEODYN'IA, from aicoia, 'genital organs/ 
and olvvr), 'pain.' Pain in the genitals. Puden- 
dagra. 
Masturbation, Nym- 
phomania. 
.ED (EOGARGARISMUS, Masturbation, 
Nymphomania. 
.EDCEOMANIA, Nymphomania. 
JEDCEON, Inguen. 
-EDtEOPSOPHESIS, TEdoeopsophia. 
.EDCEOPSOPH'IA, jEdoeopsophe'sis, from ai- 
ioia, 'the pudendum/ and 'to make a 
noise.' Emission of wind by the urethra in man, 
by the vagina in woman. - Sauvages and Sagar. 
jEdoeopsophia Uterina, Physometra. 
ED(EOTITIS, JEdoeitis-se. Gangrmnosa, 
Colpocace - re. Gangrrenosa puellarum, Colpo- 
cace infantilis - re. Gangraenosa puerperarum, 
Colpocace puerperarum. 
jEDCEOTOME, jEdoeatomy. 
uEDCEOTOMIA, uEdceatomy. 
EjDCEOTOMY, Edoeatomy. 
EDOPTOSIS, llysteroptosis-re. Uteri, Pro- 
lapsus uteri-ae. Uteri inversa, Uterus, inversion 
of the - ae. Uteri retroversa, Retroversio uteri - 
ae. Vaginae, Prolapsus V. - ae. Vesicae, Exocyste. 
EEIG'LUCES, Aeig'luces, from act, 'always,' 
and yAviruy, 'sweet.' A kind of sweet wine or 
must. - Gorraeus. 
7EGAGROPI'LA,y®/u</ropj'Z)/8, from aiyaypot, 
'the rock goat/ and jnXoj, 'hair/ Bezoar d'Alle- 
magne, Pila Dama'nm seu Rupicapra'mm. A 
ball composed of hairs, found in the stomach of 
the goat: once used medicinally.-Bezoar. 
EGEIROS, Populus. 
EGER, Sick. 
E'GIAS, AEgis, jEglia, from a<f, 'the 
goat/ why, is not known. (F.) Aijre or Aigle. 
There is obscurity regarding the precise meaning 
of this word. It was used to designate an ulcer, 
or speck on the transparent cornea.-Hippocrates. 
Maitre Jean uses it for a calcareous deposit 
between the conjunctiva and sclerotica. 
EGIDES, jEgias. 
E'GILOPS, An'chilops, An'Icy lops, from <uf, 
'goat/ and or./, 'the eye.' An ulcer at the greater 
angle of the eye, which sometimes does not pene- 
trate to the lachrymal sac, but at others does, 
and constitutes fistula lachrymalis.-Galen, Cel- 
sus, Oribasius, Aetius, Paulus of Egina, Ac. 
EGI'RINON. An ointment of which the fruit 
or flower of the poplar was an ingredient; from 
aiytipos, 'the black poplar.' 
EGLIA. JEgias. 
EGOCERAS, Trigonella foenum. 
EGOLETHRON, Ranunculus flammula. 
EGONYCHON, Lithospermum officinale. 
EGOPHONIA, Egophony. 
EGOPHONICUS, Egophonic. 
EGOPODIUM PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum 
podagraria. 
EGRIPPA, Agrippa. 
EGRITUDO, Disease - re. Ventriculi, Vomit- 
ing. 
EGROTATIO, Disease. 
EGROTUS, Siek. 
EGYP'TIA. An epithet for several medi- 
cines, mentioned by Galen, Paulus of Egina, 
and Myrepsus. 
Egyp'tia Moschata, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
Egyp'tia Stypte'riA, Aiyvirna arvnriipia., 
alum. Recommended by Hippocr. 
jEgyp'tia Ul'cera; ulcers. Ulcers 
of the fauces and tonsils, described by Aretreus, 
as common in Egypt and Syria. JEGFPTIACUM 
2EGYPTIACUM, jEgyp'tion, Mende'sion, Mel 
Phar'macum MAgyptlacum. A pre- 
paration of vinegar, honey, and verdigris, scarcely 
used now, except by veterinary surgeons as a de- 
tergent. See Linimentum jEruginis. 
JEGYPTION, /Egvptiaeum. 
AEGYPTIUM MEDICAMENTUM AD 
AURES, Pharmacum ad aures. 
JEGYP'TIUS PESSUS: pessary. 
A pessary, composed of honey, turpentine, butter, 
oil of lily or of rose, saffron, each one part; with 
sometimes a small quantity of verdigris. 
AEICHRYSON, Sedum. 
JEIPATHEIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
AEIPATHIA, see Continent (Disease.) 
-EMOPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis. 
jENEA, Catheter. 
jEOLECTHYMA, Variola. 
AEOLLION, Varicella. 
jEOLLIUM, Varicella. 
.EON, aiuv. The entire age of a man from 
birth till death. - Hippocrates, Galen. Also, the 
spinal marrow. See Medulla Spinalis. 
.EONESIS, Fomentation. 
AEONION, Sedum. 
JEO'RA, from aiwpcw, 'I suspend.' Gestation, 
swinging.-Aetius, Celsus, &e. 
uEQUALIS, Equal. 
AEQUA'TOR OC'ULI. The line formed by 
the union of the upper and under eyelid, when 
they are closed. It is below the middle of the globe. 
.EQUIVOCUS, Equivocal. 
A ER, Air. 
AERATION OF THE BLOOD, Haematosis. 
AERATUS, Carbonated. 
AERE, Carbonated. 
jEREOLUM, AEreolus, Chalcus. The sixth 
part of an obolus by weight, consequently about 
2 grains. 
uE'RESIS, aipcats, 'the removal of any thing.' 
A suffix denoting a removal or separation, as 
Aphoeresis, Dioeresis, Ac. 
AERGIA, Torpor. 
AERIF'EROUS, Aerifer, (F.) Aerifere, from 
aer, ' air,' and fcrre, ' to carry.' An epithet for 
tubes which convey air, as the larynx, trachea, 
and bronchia. 
AERIFLUX'US. The discharge of gas, and 
the fetid emanations from the sick. Flatulence. 
- Sauvages. 
AERODIAPH'THORA, from ar/p, 'air,' and 
ha<l>6opa, 'corruption.' A corrupt state of the air. 
AERO-ENTERECTASIA, Tympanites. 
AEROL'OGY j Aerolog' 'ia, Aerolog"ice, from 
arjp, ' air,' and Aoyoj, ' a description.' That part 
of physics which treats of the air, its qualities, 
uses, and action on the animal economy. 
AER'OMANCY, Aeromanti'a, from ar/p, 'air,' 
and pavrcia, 'divination." An art in judicial as- 
trology, which consists in the foretelling, by 
means of the air, or substances found in the at- 
mosphere. 
AEROMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
AhROPERITONIE, see Tympanites. 
AEROPHOB'IA, from aop, 'air,' and 
'fear.' Dread of the air. This symptom often 
accompanies hydrophobia, and sometimes hyste- 
ria and other affections. 
AEROPHOB'ICUS, AeropA'o&u* ,• same ety- 
mon. One affected with aerophobia. 
AEROPHOBUS, Aerophobicus. 
AEROPHTHORA, Aerodiaphthora. 
AER0PLEUR1E, Pneumothorax. 
AEROSIS, Pneumatosis, Tympanites. 
AEROTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
jERUCA, Cupri subacetas. 
51 
L ETHER 
ERU'GINOUS, Hjrugino'sus, Io'deg, from 
-Erugo, 'verdigris.' (F.) Erugineux. Resem- 
bling verdigris in colour; as the bile when dis- 
charged at times from the stomach. 
ERU'GO, ios,fromas, 'copper.' Therustofany 
metal, properly of brass. See Cupri Subacetas. 
Erugo Ferri, Ferri subcarbonas-ae. Plumbi, 
Plumbi subcarbonas. 
ES, Cuprum. 
ESCHOS, alamos. Deformity of the body ge- 
nerally, or of some part. - Hippocrates. 
ES'CULUS HIPPOCAS'TANUM, from eeca, 
'food,' [?] Casta'nea equi'na, Pavi'na, Horse- 
chestnut, Buck-eye. (Y.) Marronier d'Inde. Nat. 
Ord. Hippocastaneae. Sex. Syst. Heptandria Mo- 
nogynia. The bark has been advised as a substi- 
tute for cinchona. Both bark and fruit are as- 
tringent. Externally, it has been employed, like 
cinchona, in gangrene. 
ESECAVUM, Brass. 
ESTATES, Ephelides. 
ESTHE'MA, aiadr/pa, gen. aiadriyaros, 'a sen- 
sation, a perception.' See Sensation and Sensi- 
bility. In the plural, cesthe'niata, the apparatuses 
of the senses. 
-E STHEMATOL'OGY, jEsthematolog" ia ; 
from aiadqpa, and hoyos, ' a description.' The 
doctrine of, or a treatise on, the senses, or on the 
apparatus of the senses. 
ESTHEMATONU'SI, jEsthematorg anonu'si, 
from aicdripa, and vovaoi, ' diseases.' Diseases 
affecting sensation. 
ESTHEMATORGANONUSI, Esthemato- 
nusi. 
ESTHE'SIS, Aisthe'eis, from aiaSaiopai, ' I 
feel.' The faculty of being affected by a sensa- 
tion. Perception. Sensibility, as well as the 
senses themselves. See Sense. 
ESTHETERION, Sensorium. 
ESTHET'ICA, from aiaSavopai, 'I feel.' Dis- 
eases affecting the sensations. Dulness, depra- 
vation or abolition of one or more of the external 
organs of sense. The 2d order, class Neurotica, 
of Good. Also, agents that affect sensation.- 
Pereira. 
ESTIVUS, Estival. 
ESTUARIUM, Stove. 
ESTUATIO, Ardor, Ebullition, Fermentation. 
ESTUS, Ardor. 
Estus Volat'icus. Sudden heat, scorching 
or flushing of the face.-Vogel. 
ETAS, Age-ae. Bona, Adolescence-as. De- 
crepita, Decrepitude - ae. Mala, Senectus - ae. 
Provecta, Senectus-ae. Senilis, Senectus. 
ETHER, Ether, from 'air,' or from ai3u, 
'I burn.' Liquor athe'reus. A volatile liquor ob- 
tained by distillation from a mixture of alcohol 
and a concentrated acid. See Ether sulphuricus, 
and Ether. 
Ether Chlorichs, Chloroform; Ether, chloric. 
Ether Hydrocyan'icus, Hither Prus'sicus, 
Hydrocyan'ic Ether, Hydrocy'anate of Eth'erine, 
Oyan'uret of Eth'ule, (F.) Ether Hydrocyanique, 
has been advised in hooping-cough, and where 
the hydrocyanic acid is indicated. Dose, 6 drops. 
Ether Lignoshs, Acetone. 
Ether Martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol sul- 
furico-aethereus ferri. 
Ether Muriat'icvs, Ifuriat'ic or Ohlorohy- 
dric Ether, Mu'riate of Etherine, Chloride of 
Ethyle. This ether, on account of its volatility, 
can only be kept in cool places. It has the pro- 
perties of the other ethers, and when used, is 
generally mixed with an equal bulk of alcohol. 
It has been employed as an anaesthetic. A Chlo- 
rinated Chlorohydric Ether, (F.) Ether Chlor- 
hydrique chlori, formed by the action of Chlorin* 
on Chlorohydric Ether, has been introduced into 
practice as a local anaesthetic. ETHEREA HERBA 
Ether Nitricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus 
retheris nitrici-re. Pyro-aceticus, Aeetone. 
Ether Sulphu'ricus, NE. Vitriol'icus, Naph- 
tha Vitrioli, Sul'phuric Ether. Ether prepared 
from sulphuric ether and alcohol. 
Rectified Ether, .Ether rectifica'tus, prepared 
by distilling 12 oz. from a mixture of sulphuric 
ether, fused potass, and distilled 
water, Fgij, is a limpid, colourless, very inflam- 
mable, volatile liquor; of a penetrating and fra- 
grant odour, and hot pungent taste. Its s. g. is 
0.732. 
Either Sulphuricus, Sulphuric Ether of the 
Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1842), 
Ether of that of 1851, is formed from alcohol, 
Oiv; sufo&urtc acid, 0j ; potassa, Zvj; distilled 
water, distilling and redistilling according 
to the process there laid down. The specific gra- 
vity of this ether is 0.750. 
It is a diffusible stimulant, narcotic and anti- 
spasmodic, and is externally refrigerant. Dose, 
gtt. xxx to When ether is iijialed, it is 
found to be a valuable anaesthetic agent: and is 
employed with advantage in spasmodic affections, 
and in surgical operations. See Anaesthetic. 
The Parisian Codex has an Either ace'ticus, an 
Either muria'ticus seu hydrochlor'icus, an Ether 
ni'tricus seu nitro'sus, and an Ether phospho- 
ra'tus. They all possess similar virtues. See 
Anaesthetic. 
./Ether Sulphuricus Acidus, Elixir acidum 
Halleri - re. Sulphuricus cum alcohole, Spiritus 
retheris sulphurici-re. Sulphuricus cum alcohole 
aromaticus, Spiritus retheris aromaticus. 
Ether Terebinthin a'tus, Terebinth'inated 
ether, made by mixing gradually two pounds of 
alcohol, and half a pound of spirit of turpentine, 
with two pounds of concentrated nitric acid, and 
distilling one-half the mixture with a gentle heat. 
Employed externally and internally in biliary 
calculi, rheumatism, <fcc. Dose 20 to 40 drops, 
in honey or yolk of egg. 
ETHEREA HERBA, Eryngium maritimum. 
ETHE'REAL, Ethe'real, Ethe'reous, Ethe'- 
reus, (F.) Ethfree. An ethereal tincture, (F.) 
Teinture Mierie, is one formed by the action of 
sulphuric ether, at the ordinary temperature, on 
medicinal substances. An ethereal oil is a vola- 
tile oil. See Olea Volatilia. 
ETHERIZATIO, Etherization. 
ETHERIZATUS, Etherized. 
ETIIE'REO-OLEO'SA (Remedia), from 
Etheroleum, 'a volatile oil.' Remedies, whose 
properties are dependent upon the volatile oil 
they contain. 
ETHEROLEA, Olea volatilia. 
ETHIOP'ICUS LAPIS, Ethiopian stone. A 
stone formerly supposed to be possessed of con- 
siderable virtue.-Oribasius. 
ETHIOPIFICA'TIO, Ethiopopoe'sis, Ethi- 
opia'mus, Ethiopia'sis, from Ethiops, and facere, 
'to make.' The mummy-like colouring of the 
skin, induced at times by the use of mercurial 
•intment; and seen in bodies poisoned by arsenic. 
ETHIOPIOSIS, Ethiopificatio. 
ETHIOPIS, Salvia seiarea. 
ETHIOPISMUS, Ethiopificatio. 
ETHIOPOPOESIS, Ethiopificatio. 
E'TIIIOPS, from 'I burn,' and 
'countenance.' A black or burnt countenance. 
The ancients gave this name to certain oxides 
and sulphurets of metals, which were of a black 
colour. 
Etkiops Albus, Albino - re. Alcalisatus, Hy- 
drargyrum cum creta - re. Animal, see Choroid. 
Ethiops Martia'lis, Ferri Deutox'ydum ni- 
grum. The black deutoxide of iron: once in re- 
pute as a tonic. 
Ethiops Mineralis, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
52 
AFFERENT 
nigrum-so. Narcoticus, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
nigrum-tn. per se, Hydrargyri o.xydum cinereum 
-8e. Saceharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatuin- 
ae. Vegetabilis, see Fucus vesiculosus. 
JETHOL'ICES, from mSw, 'I burn.' Fiery 
pustules on the skin. Some have considered 
them to have been boil*. 
JETHUSA AMMI, Sison ammi. 
JEthu'sa Cyna'pium, Fool'* Parsley, (F.) J'awx 
Persil, Petite Cigue. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. 
Syst. Pentandria Digynia. A poisonous plant, 
which has been mistaken for true parsley, pro- 
ducing nausea, vomiting, headache, giddiness, 
sopor, and at times, fatal results. It resembles 
conium in its action. 
JEthu'sa Meum, Meum, M. Athaman'ticum, 
seu Anethifo'lium, Athaman'ta Meum, Ligus'ticum 
Capilia' ceum seu Meum, Ses'eli Meum, Meu, Spig- 
nel, Baldmoney. (F.) Ethuse, Meum. The root has 
been advised as carminative, stomachic, Ac. 
JETIOL'OGY, Mitiolog"ia, Etiol'ogy, Aitio- 
log"ia, from airia, 'cause,' and Aoyoj, 'a dis- 
course.' The doctrine of the causes of disease. 
2ETI'TES, from atroj, 'an eagle.' Eagle-stone, 
Pierre d'Aigle, Hydrate de tritoxide de fer. This 
stone was formerly supposed to facilitate delivery, 
if bound on the thigh; and to prevent abortion, 
if bound on the arm. It was also called Lapis 
Collymus. 
A5T0I PHLEBES, Temporal veins. 
jETOLION, Cnidia grana. 
AFFADISSEMENT, (F.) from fade, 'insipid.' 
That condition of the digestive function in which 
the appetite is diminished, the sense of taste 
blunted, and the action of the stomach enfeebled; 
a state usually accompanied by general languor. 
AFFAIBLISSEMENT, Asthenia. 
AFFAIRES, Menses. 
AFFAISSEMENT, Collapsus. 
AFFECTIO, Affection - a. Arthritica Cordis, 
Cardiagra-a. Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis 
-a. Hysterica, Hysteria-a. Sarmatica, Plica- 
a. Tympanitica, Tympanites. 
AFFEC'TION, Affec'tio, from officio or affec- 
tare (ad and facere,) 'to move or influence.' 
Any mode in which the mind or body is affected 
or modified. 
AFFECTION TYPHOlDE, see Typhus - 
a. Vaporeuse, Hypochondriasis. 
AFFECTIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
mind. 
AFFECTIONS OF THE MIND, A/ec'tus seu 
Passio'nes seu Affectio'nes seu Conquassatio'nes 
seu C'on/'ttsw'neg seu Turbatio'ncs seu Perturba- 
tio'nes an'imi, (F.) Affections de lame include not 
only the different passions, as love, hatred, jea- 
lousy, Ac., but every condition of the mind that 
is accompanied by an agreeable or disagreeable 
feeling, as pleasure, fear, sorrow, Ac. 
In Pathology, Affection, Pathos, Pathe'ma, is 
synonymous with disease: thus we speak of a 
pulmonary affection, a calculous affection, Ac. 
AFFECTIONS DE L'AME. Affections of 
the mind. 
AFFEC'TIVE. Thatwhich affects,touches, Ac. 
Gall gives the term affective faculties (F.) Facul- 
ty affectives, to functions dependent upon the 
organization of the brain, comprising the senti- 
ments, affections, Ac. 
AFFECTUS, Passion - a. Faucium pestilens, 
Cyanche maligna - a. Hyderodes, Hydrops-a. 
Spasmodico-convulsivus labiorum, Neuralgia fa- 
ciei. 
AF'FERENT, Af'ferens, Centrip'etal, Esod'ic, 
from affero, (ad and fero, 'to carry,') 'I bring.' 
Conveying inwards, as from the periphery to the 
centre. The vessels which convey the lymph to 
the lymphatic glands, are called afferent. Also, AFFION 
nerves that convey impressions towards the nerv- 
ous centres-nervi entobcenon'tes. 
AF'FION, Of'fium, O'pium. The Bantamese 
thus designate an electuary of which opium is the 
basis, and which they use as an excitant. 
AFFLA'TUS, Adfla'tus, Epipnoi' a, from ad, 
'to,' and flare 'to blow.' Any air that strikes 
the body and produces disease. 
AF'FLUENCE, Afflux, from affluere, {ad and 
fluerc, 'to flow,') 'to flow to.' A flow or deter- 
mination of humours, and particularly of blood, 
towards any part. 
AFFLUXUS, Fluxion. 
AFFUSIO, Affusion-a. Frigida, see Affusion 
-a. Orbicularis, Placenta. 
AFFU'SION, Affu'sio, Pros'chysis, Epich'ysis, 
from ad, 'to,' and fundere, fusum, 'to pour.' The 
action of pouring a liquid on any body. Affu- 
sions, Rhyptolu' sice, cold and warm, are used in 
different diseases. The cold affusion, Affu'sio 
seu Perfu'sio frig"ida, is said to have been bene- 
ficial in cutting short typhus fever and scarlatina, 
if used during the first days. It consists in pla- 
cing the patient in a tub, and pouring cold water 
over him; then wiping him dry, and putting him 
to bed. The only precaution necessary, is, to 
use it in the state of greatest heat and exacerba- 
tion ; not when chilliness, or topical inflamma- 
tion, is present. 
AFIUM, Opium. 
AFTER-BIRTH, Secundines. 
AFTER-PAINS, see Pains, labour. 
AG ACE WENT, (F.) from axa{uv, 'to sharpen.' 
The setting on edge. 
AGACEMENT DES DENTS. A disagree- 
able sensation experienced when acids are placed 
in contact with the teeth. Tooth edge. Setting 
the teeth on edge. 
AG ACE ME NT DES NERFS. A slight ir- 
ritation of the system, and particularly of the 
organs of sense and locomotion, corresponding 
nearly to the English Fidgets. 
AGALACTATIO, Agalactia. 
AGALAC'TIA, Agalax' ia, Agalac'tio, Agalac- 
ta'tio, Defec'tus lac'tie, Oligoga'lia, Oligogalac'- 
tia, from a, privative, and yaXa, 'milk.' Absence 
of milk in the mammas. 
AGALAXIA, Agalactia. 
AGAL'LOCHUM, from ayaWopat, 'to become 
splendid,' Oalambac, Oalambouk, Lig'num Agal'- 
lochi veri, Lig'num Al'oes, L. Aspal'athi, Xylo- 
aloes, Aloes wood. A resinous and very aromatic 
wood of the East Indies, from Excoeca'ria Agal'- 
locha, Cynometra Agal'lochum, Aloex'ylon Agal'- 
lochum. Used in making pastils, <fcc. - Diosco- 
rides, Oribasius, Paulus. 
AG AMO US, see Cryptogamous. 
AG'ARIC, Aj/ctr'tcwm. A genus of plants in 
the Linnaean system, some of which are edible, 
others poisonous. It was so called from Agaria, 
a region of Sarmatia.-Bioscorides. Among the 
edible varieties of the Boletus, the following are 
the chief. 1. The Agar'icus edu'lis seu Arven'sis 
seu Sylvat'icus seu Campes'tris, (F.) Agaric comes- 
tible et champignon de couche. 2. The Agar'icus 
odora'tus, (F.) Mousseron. The most common 
poisonous varieties are the Agar'icus neca'tor, 
(F.) Agaric meurtrier: and 2. The Agaricus 
acris, (F.) Agaric Acre; besides the Auranite, a 
sub-genus, which includes several species. One 
of the most delicate is the Agaricus Aurantiacus, 
but care must be taken not to confound it with 
the A. Pseudo-aurantiacus, which is very poi- 
sonous. The A. aurantiacus is called, in French, 
Oronge. See Poisons, Table of. 
Agaric, see Boletus igniarius - a. Blanc, Bo- 
letus laricis - a. de ChSne, Boletus igniarius - a. 
Female, Boletus igniarius - a. of the Oak, Bole- 
53 
AGGLUTINANT 
tusigniarius-a. Odorant, Daedalea suaveolens - 
a. White, Boletus laricis. 
AGARICUM, Boletus igniarius. 
AGARICUS, Boletus igniarius-a. Albus, Bo- 
letus laricis-a. Arvensis, see Agaric-a. Auran- 
tiacus, Amanitae, Bolites - a. Auriculaeforma, 
Peziza auricula - a. Carupestris, see Agaric-a. 
Chirurgorum, Boletus igniarius-a. Igniarius, 
Boletus igniarius - a. Laricis, Boletus laricis - 
a. Pseudo-aurantiacus, Amanita? - a. Quercfls, 
Boletus igniarius - a. Sylvaticus, see Agaric. 
AGASYLLIS GALBANUM, Bubon galbanum. 
AGATIIIS DAMARRA, Pinus damarra. 
AGATHOSMA CRENATUM, Diosma cre- 
nata. 
AGATHOTES CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chi- 
rayita. 
AGA'VE AMERICA'NA, A. Ramo'sa, Ameri- 
can Agave, American aloe, Maguey, from ayauoj, 
'admirable.' Nat. Ord. Bromeliaceas. Sex. Sy nt. 
Hexandria Monogynia. This plant has been 
considered diuretic and antisyphilitic. The fa- 
vourite drink of the Mexicans-Pulque-is the 
fermented juice of this plant. 
Agave Ramosa, A. Americana. 
Agave Virgin'ica, Rattlesnake's master:- 
grows in the Southern States. The root is very 
bitter. It has been used in tincture as a carmina- 
tive in colic; and as a remedy for bites of ser- 
pents. 
AGE, 'riXucia, Heli'kia, Mitas;- Of uncertain 
etymon. Period of life. Time that has elapsed 
since birth, &c. Five ages are often designated 
in the life of man. 1. First infancy [Infan'tia;) 
2. Second infancy [Pueri"tia;) 3. Adolescence 
[Adolescen'tia:) 4. The adult age ( Firt'Z'ttaa;) 
5. Old age [Senec'tus.) 
AGENEIOS, Imberbis. 
AGEN'ESIS, from a, privative, and yivtai;, 
'generation.' Imperfect development of any part 
of the body; as cerebral agenesis, i. e. imperfect 
development of the brain in the foetus. 
AGENNESIA, Impotence, Sterilitas. 
AGENNESIS, Impotence. 
AGENOSO'MUS; from a, privative, yevvaa, 
'I generate,' and mnya, 'body.' A malformation 
in which the fissure and eventration are chiefly 
in the lower part of the abdomen; the urinary 
or sexual apparatus absent or very rudimentary. 
AGENT, Agens, from agere, 'to act.' Any 
power which produces, or tends to produce an 
effect on the human body. Morbific agents, (F.) 
Agens morbijiques, are the causes of disease; - 
therapeutical agents, (F.) Agens therapeutiques, 
the means of treating it. 
AGER NATURAE, Uterus. 
AGERA'SIA, Insenescen'tia, from a, privative, 
and yrg>as, 'old age.' A vigorous and green old 
age. 
AGERATUM, Achillea ageratum. 
AGE'RATUS LAPIS. A stone used by cob- 
blers to polish shoes. It was formerly esteemed 
discutient and astringent. - Galen, Oribasius, 
Paulus. 
AGES, Palm. 
AGEUSIA, Ageustia. 
AGEUS'TIA, Agheus'tia, Ageu'sia, Apogeus'- 
tia, Apogeu' sis, Dysasthe'sia gustato'ria, Para- 
gen'sis, from a, priv., and ycvais, 'taste.' Dimi- 
nution or loss of taste, Anasthe'sia lingua. Sau- 
vages, Cullen. 
AGGLOM'ERATE, Agglomera'tus, from ag- 
glomerare [ad and glomerare, 'to wind up yarn 
in a ball,') 'to collect together.' Applied to tu- 
mours or glands in aggregation. 
AGGLU'TINANT, Agglu'tinans, Collet'icut, 
Glu'tinans, from gluten, 'glue' (F.) Agglutinant, 
Agglutinatif, Glutinatif. Remedies were for- TO AGGLUTINATE 
merly so called, which were considered capable 
of uniting divided parts.-Paulus. 
Plasters are called agglutinants, (F.) aggluti- 
natifs, which adhere strongly to the skin. Cer- 
tain bandages are likewise so termed. (F.) Ban- 
delettea agglutinatives. 
TO AGGLU'TINATE. The French use the 
word agglutiner, in the sense of 'to reunite;' as 
agglutiner les livres d'une plaie, 'to reunite the 
lips of a wound.' 
AGGLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
AGGLUTINATIO, Coition. 
AGGLUTINA'TION, Colle'sis, Epicolle'sis, 
Proscolle'sis, Glutina'tio, from agglutinare, 'to 
glue together.' The first degree of adhesion. 
Also, the action of agglutinants. 
AGGLUTINER, To agglutinate. 
AG'GREGATE, Aggrega'tus, from aggregare, 
(ad and gregare,) 'to flock together,' 'to assemble 
together.' Glands are called aggregate which 
are in clusters. See Peyeri Glandulae. Aggre- 
gate pills, (F.) Pilules agrlgatives, signified, 
formerly, those which were believed to contain 
the properties of a considerable number of medi- 
cines, and to be able to supply their place. 
AGHEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
AGHOUL, Agul. 
AGIAHA'LID or AGIHA'LID or AGRA- 
HA'LID. An Egyptian and Ethiopian shrub, 
similar to Ximenia. The Ethiopians use it as a 
vermifuge. The fruit is purgative. 
AGIHALID, Agiahalid. 
AG IS SANT, Active. 
AGITATION, Agita'tio, Done'sis; from agere, 
'to act.' Constant and fatiguing motion of the 
body, Tyrbe, Tyrba'sia, In'quies,- or distressing 
mental inquietude,-An'imi Agita'tio. 
AGITATORIUS, Convul'sive. 
AGLOS'SIA, from a, privative, and y\u>aaa, 
* the tongue.' A malformation, which consists in 
the want of a tongue. 
AGLOSSOS'TOMA, from Aglossia, and sroya, 
'mouth.' A mouth without a tongue. 
AGLOSSOSTOMOG'RAPHY, Aglossostomo- 
gra'phia, from a, priv., yXieaaa, 'the tongue,' 
vroya, ' the mouth,' and ypa<pu>, ' I describe.' 
Description of a mouth without a tongue.-Ro- 
land (of Saumur). 
AGLUTI'TION, Agluti'tio, from c, priv., and 
glutire, ' to swallow.' A hybrid term, designat- 
ing impossibility of swallowing.-Linnaeus. 
AGMA, Fracture. 
AGMATOLOG"IA, from aypa, fracture, and 
Xoyos, ' a description.' The doctrine of fractures. 
A treatise on fractures. 
AGME, Fracture. 
AGMINA DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges 
of the fingers.-a. Membrana, Amnios. 
AGMINATED GLANDS, Peyer's glands. 
AGNA'TIIIA, from a, priv., and yvado;, 'jaw.' 
A malformation, which consists in the want of 
the jaw, especially of the lower. 
AGNINA MEMBRANA, Amnios. 
AGNOI'A, Agnoe'a from a, priv., and yivoirKu, 
'I know.' State of a patient who does not recog- 
nise individuals.-Hippocrates, Galen, Foesius. 
AGNUS CASTUS, Vitex. 
AGO'GE, ayaiyti. The order or condition of a 
disease.-Ilippoc., Galen. Likewise the state of 
the air.-Hippoc., Galen, Gorrreus, Foesius. 
AGOGUE, aywyos, a leader,' from ay is, 'I lead 
or expel.' Hence Cholagogue, an expeller of 
bile: Hydragogue, <fcc. 
AGOMPHI'ASIS, Agompho'sis, from a, priva- 
tive, and ' I nail.' Looseness of the 
teeth.-Gorrmus. See Gomphiasis. 
AGOMPHOSIS, Agomphiasis. 
AGON, Agony. 
54 
AGRYPNODES 
AGONE, Hyoscyamus. 
AGONIA, Sterilitas. 
AGONISMA, Agony. 
AGONISMUS, Agony. 
AGONIS'TICA, from ayuv, 'a combat.' The 
part of ancient gymnastics, which had reference 
to the combats of the Athletae. 
Also, very cold water, given internally, to calm 
febrile heat.-Paulus of Algina. 
AGONIZANS, Psychorages. 
AGONOS, Sterile. 
AG'ONY, Agon'ia, Agon, Agonis'ma, Agonis'- 
mus, Mochtlius, Alogus, Pnychorag"ia, Psychor- 
rhag"ia, Angor, from ayuiv, 'a combat.' The 
last struggle of life.-Galen, Gorrmus, &c. The 
agony, which is of longer or shorter duration, is 
characterized by great change in the features, 
gradual abolition of sensation and motion, loss 
of voice, dryness or lividity of the tongue and 
lips, rattling in the throat, small and intermit- 
tent pulse, and coldness of the extremities. 
This state is not present in those who die sud- 
denly. See Facies Hippocratica. 
AGOS'TUS, from ayw, 'I lead.' The fore arm 
from the elbow to the fingers. Also, the palm 
of the hand.-Gorreeus. See Palm. 
AGRA, aypa, from aypcw, 'I seize hold of.' A 
seizure, as Odontagra, a tooth seizure, toothache; 
Ohiragra, Podagra, <tc. 
AGRAFE DE VALENTIN. A kind of for- 
ceps with parallel branches, employed by Valen- 
tin in the operation for hare lip, to effect the ap- 
proximation of the edges of the wound. 
AGRAHALID, Agiahalid. 
AGREGATIVES PILULES. See Aggre- 
gate. 
AGRIA, Herpes exedens. 
AGRIAMPELOS, Bryonia alba. 
AGRICOCCIMELEA, Primus Spinosa. 
AGRIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium. 
AGRIMONIA, Agrimony - a. Eupatoria, 
Agrimony-a. Odorata, Agrimony-a. Officina- 
lis, Agrimony. 
AG'RIMONY, Agrimo'nia, A. Eupato'ria seu 
odora'ta seu ojfficina'lis, Caf'al, Lap'pula hepat'- 
ica, Cockle-bur, Stickwort. (F.) Aigremoine. Nat. 
Ord. Rosaceaa. Sex. Sy st. Icosandria Digynia. 
A mild astringent and stomachic. Dose, in 
powder, from to gj. 
Agrimony, Hemp, Eupatorium cannabinum. 
AGRIOCASTANUM, Bunium bulbocastanum, 
Lycoperdon tuber. 
AGRIOCINARA, Sempcrvivum teetorum. 
AGRIORIGANUM, Origanum majorana. 
AGRIOSELINUM, Smyrnum olusatrum. 
AGRIOTHYM'IA, from aypios, 'ferocious,'and 
Svpos, 'disposition.' Ferocious insanity. - Sau- 
vages. 
AGRIPALMA GALLIS, Leonurus cardiaca. 
AGRIP'PA, Nig rip'pa, from ager partus, 'dif- 
ficult birth:' or perhaps from aypa, 'taking, or 
seizure,' and rovs, ' the foot.' This term has 
been given to those born by the feet. It is pre- 
tended that the family of Agrippa obtained their 
name from this circumstance. Parturition, where 
the feet present, is called Agrippa partus, Agrip- 
pi'nus partus. 
AGRIPPINUS PARTUS, see Agrippa. 
AGRO DI CEDRO, see Citrus medica. 
AGROPYRUM LjEVISSIMUM, Triticum ro- 
pens. 
AGROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
AGRUNA, Prunus spinosa. 
AGRYPNIA, Insomnia. 
AGRYPNOCOMA, Coma vigil. 
AGRYPNO'DES, from aypunvof, 'sleepless.' 
Characterized by sleeplessness, as Febris Agry- 
pnodes, a fever accompanied with sleeplessness. AGRYPNOTICUS 
AGRYPNOTICUS, Antbypnotic. 
AGRYP'NUS, aypvTtvos. Sleepless; vigilant. 
AGUA DE VERUGA, see Verugas. 
AGUARDIENTE, Brandy. See also Spirit. 
-a. de Italia, see Spirit. 
A'GUE, from Gothic, agis, 'trembling.' (?) In- 
termittent fever. 
Ague and Fever, Intermittent fever. 
Ague Cake, Placen'ta febri'lis, Physco'nia 
sple'nicum, P. splenica, Splenis Tumor; (F.) G&- 
teau febrile. A visceral obstruction-generally 
in the spleen-which follows agues, and is dis- 
tinctly felt by external examination. To a 
greater or less degree, it is not uncommon. 
Ague, Dead, see Fever, masked. Ague drop, 
tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis-a. Dumb, see Fever, 
masked-a. Free, Laurus sassafras-a. Leaping, 
see Leaping ague-a. Quartan, Quartan-a. Ter- 
tian, Tertian fever-a. Weed, Eupatorium perfo- 
liatum. 
AGUL, Aghoul, Alha'gi, the Hedisa'rum seu 
Hedysa' ram alhagi. A thorny shrub of Persia 
and Mesopotamia, which affords manna. The 
leaves are purgative. 
AGY'ION, from a, priv., and yviov, 'limb.' 
Mutilated or wanting limbs. - Hippocr. Weak, 
feeble.-Galen. 
AGYR'IAS, from ayvpii, 'a collection.' Opa- 
city of the crystalline.-Aetius, Pare. 
AGYRTA, from ayvpis, 'a crowd.' Formerly, 
a stroller who pretended to supernatural powers. 
Subsequently, a quack or illiterate pretender. 
See Charlatan. 
AGYRTIA, Charlatanry. 
AHO'RA, from a, privative, and 'wpa, 'youth.' 
Tardy development of the organs :-the opposite 
to Hyperho'ra. 
AHOUAI, Thevetia ahouai. 
AHUSAL, Orpiment. 
AIIYPNIA, Insomnia. 
AIDE, (F.) Ad'jutor min'ister. An assistant 
to a surgeon in his operations. 
AIDOROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
AIERSA, Iris Germanica. 
AIGE, 2Egias. 
AIGLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
the city of this name, in Normandy, is the cha- 
lybeate spring of Saint Xantin, much used in 
the 16th and 17th centuries. 
AIGLE, ASgias. 
AIGRE, Acidulous-a. Voix. See Acid. 
AIGRELET, Acidulous. 
AIGRETTE, see Typha latifolia. 
AIGREMOINE, Agrimony. 
AIGREURS, Acidities. 
AIGU, Acute. 
AIGUILLE, Needle-a. d Acupuncture, see 
Needle-a. d Appareil, see Needle-a. d Bee de 
Lievre, see Needle-a. d Cataracte, see Needle- 
a. de Deschamps, see Needle-a. Engainee, see 
Needle-a. d Fistule, see Needle-a. d. Gaine, 
see Needle - a. d Ligature, see Needle - a. a 
Manche, see Needle-a. d Seton, see Needle-a. 
d Suture, see Needle. 
AIGUILLON, (F.) Spina Helmon'tii. A 
term used since the time of Van llelmont to de- 
signate the proximate cause of inflammation. 
According to him, an inflamed part is in the 
same condition as if an aiguillon or thorn were 
thrust into it 
AIGUISER, to Acidulate. 
AIL, Allium. 
AILE, Ala, Aileron. 
AILERON, (F.) Extre'ma Ala seu Pin'nula, 
diminutive of (F.) Atle, a wing. The extremity 
of the wing of a bird, to which the great feathers 
are attached. 
55 
i AITION 
AILERONS DE LA MATRICE. Three 
folds at the base of the broad ligaments of the 
uterus, which are occupied by the ovary and its 
ligament, the Fallopian tube, and the round liga- 
ment. 
AIMA, 'ai/ia, see Haema. 
AIM ANT, Magnet. 
AIMATERA, Hepatirrhoea. 
AIMORRIHEA, Haemorrhagia. 
AIMORRHOIS, Haemorrhois. 
AINE, Inguen. 
AIPATHIA, Continent disease. 
AIPI, Jatropha manihot. 
AIPIMA COXERA, Jatropha manihot. 
AIPIPOCA, Jatropha manihot. 
AIR, Aer, Pneuma, from aw, ' I breathe.' 
Common Air, Atmospheric air (F.) Air atmosphA- 
rique, is an invisible, transparent, inodorous, in- 
sipid, ponderable, compressible, and elastic fluid, 
which, under the form of the atmosphere, sur- 
rounds the earth to the height of 15 or 16 
leagues. 
Air is essentially composed of two gases, oxy- 
gen and nitrogen, in the proportion of 20 of the 
former to 80 of the latter. Oxygen is the vital 
portion, but the nitrogen is necessary to dilute it. 
Air also contains a small portion of carbonic acid 
gas, and has always floating in it aqueous va- 
pour, different terrestrial emanations, <fcc. Its 
effects upon the human body vary according to 
its greater or less density, temperature, moisture, 
<fcc.; hence, change of air is found extremely 
serviceable in the prevention and cure of certain 
morbid conditions. See Climate and Respira- 
tion. 
AIR ACIDE V1TRIOLIQUE, Sulphurous 
acid-a. Alcalin, Ammonia-a. Atmospherique, 
Air. 
Air Bladder, Swim-bladder, Swimming blad- 
der ; (F.) Vessie natatoire. An abdominal organ 
in many fishes, sometimes communicating by 
means of a duct with the alimentary canal, at 
others, not, which is considered by some to be- 
long to the respiratory system. Its contents are 
the elements of atmospheric air, but in different 
proportions ; and its chief and general function 
appears to be to regulate the specific gravity of 
the fish. 
Air Cells of the Lungs, Bronchial cells; see 
Cellule-a. Chamber, Folliculus aeris-a. Dephlo- 
gisticated, Oxygen-a. Empyreal, Oxygen-a. du 
Feu, Oxygen-a. Factitious, Carbonic acid-a. 
Fixed, Carbonic acid-a. Gati, Azote-a. Inflam- 
mable, Hydrogen, Hydrogen carburetted. 
Air Passages, (F.) Votes aeriennes, V. aeri- 
feres. The larynx, trachea, bronchia, Ac. 
Air, Pure, Oxygen-a. Solid, of Hales, Car- 
bonic acid-a. Vide, Azote-a. Vital, Oxygen. 
AIRAIN, Bell-metal, Brass. 
AIRE, Areola. 
AIRELLE ANGULEUSE, Vaccinium myr- 
tillus-a. Ponctuee, Vaccinium vitis idle a. 
AIRIGNE, Hook. 
AIRTHREY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Airthrey is situate about two miles north of 
Stirling, Scotland. The waters are saline ca- 
thartics ; containing chloride of sodium, chloride 
of calcium, sulphate of zinc, and chloride of mag- 
nesium. 
AISSELLE, Axilla. 
AISTHESIS, JEsthesis. 
AITHOMO'MA, from a<3of, 'black.' A black 
condition of all the humours of the eye. A. 
Par6. 
AITIA, Cause. 
AITIOLOGY, AStiolcgia. 
AITION, Cause. AIX-LA-CIIAPELLE 
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, MINERAL WATERS 
GF. Called by the Germans, Aachen. Ather- 
mal, sulphureous, mineral water, which contains, 
in 1000 grammes, 28.54 cubic inches of sulpho- 
hydric acid gas, 18.05 cubic inches of carbonic 
acid gas, 0.1304 grammes of carbonate of lime, 
0.0440 grammes of carbonate of magnesia, 0.5444 
grammes of carbonate of soda, 2.3697 grammes 
of chloride of sodium, 0.2637 of sulphate of soda, 
and 0.0705 of silica. The temperature is 134° 
Fahrenheit. 
The factitious water of Aix-la-Chapelle, A'qua 
Aquisgranen'sis, (F.) Eau d' Aix-la-Chapelle, is 
made by adding pure water to hydro- 
sulphuretted water carbonate of soda gr. 
XX, chloride of sodium gr. ix.-Ph. P. 
There are thermal sulphureous springs at Aix 
in Savoy (98°), and some thermal springs at Aix 
in Provence (91°). 
AIZOON, Sempervivum tectorum. 
A'JUG A, A. pyramida'lis, Consol' ida me'dia, 
Bu'gula, Ji. pyramida'lis, Teu'crium pyramida'le, 
Upright Bugloss, Middle Consound. (F.) Bugle 
pyramidale. This plant is subastringent and 
bitter. 
Ajuga Chamaipitys, Teucrium chamajpitys. 
Ajuga Reptans, Bu'gula, B. reptans, Common 
Bugle, (F.) Bugle rampante, has similar proper- 
ties. 
AKATALIS, Juniperus communis. 
AKATERA, Juniperus communis. 
AKINESIA, Acinesia. 
AKOLOGY, Materia Medica. 
AKRATOPEGJE, Acratopegse. 
ALA, Pinna, Pteryx, 'a wing.' (F.) Aile. 
A term often used by anatomists for parts which 
project like a wing from the median line; as the 
Ala< nasi, Alee of the uterus, &c. See Axilla and 
Pavilion of the Ear. Also, Pterygium. 
Ala Extrema, see Aileron. 
ALABAS'TER, Afaias'trum. (F.) Albatre, 
Alabastri'tes. A variety of compact gypsum; 
of which an ointment was once made ;-the un- 
guen'tum alabastri'num; used as a discutient. 
Alabaster likewise entered into several denti- 
frices. 
ALABASTRITES, Alabaster. 
AL2E INTERNA? MINORES CLITORIDIS, 
Nymphee-a. Majores, Labia pudendi-a. Mino- 
res, Nymph®-a. Muliebres minores, Nymph®- 
a. Nasi, see Nasus-a. Pudendi Muliebris, Labia 
pudendi-a. Pulmonum, see Pulmo-a. of the 
Uterus, see Ala-a. Vespertilionis, see Uterus. 
ALAITER, from (F.) lait, 'milk.' To suckle. 
ALALIA, Mutitas. 
ALAM BIC, Alembic. 
ALANFU'TA. A name given by the Arabians 
to a vein, situate between the chin and lower lip, 
which they were in the habit of opening in cases 
of foetor of the breath.-Avicenna. 
ALAQUE'CA. The Ilindoostanee name of a 
stone, found in small, polished fragments, which 
is considered efficacious in arresting hemorrhage 
when applied externally. It is a sulphuret of 
iron. 
ALARES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. 
Ala'res Vena:. The superficial veins at the 
fold of the arm. 
ALA'RIA OSSA. The wing-like processes of 
the sphenoid bone. 
ALA'RIS, Ala'tus, Aliform'is; from ala, 'a 
wing.' Wing-shaped; winged. 
ALATERNUS, COMMON, Rhamnus ala- 
ternus - a. Latifolius, Rhamnus alaternus. 
ALA'TUS. Pterygo'des, Homo ala'tus. One 
whose scapulae project backwards like wings. 
ALBAD'ARAN, Aldabaran. The sesamoid 
bone of the metatarso-phalangal joint of the 
56 
ALBUM CANIS 
great toe. The Rabbis and Magicians attributed 
extraordinary virtues to it.-Arabians. 
ALBAGIAZI, Sacrum. 
ALBAMENTUM, Albumen ovi. 
ALBAN, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A French acidulous chalybeate, in the department 
of the Loire. 
ALBARAS ALBA, Lepra alphoides-a. Nigra, 
Lepra nigricans. 
ALBAR2ES, Lepra alphoides. 
ALBAROS, Lepra alphoides. 
ALBATRE, Alabaster. 
ALBEDO UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
ALBIN E'CEUF, Albumen ovi. 
ALBINISM, see Albino. 
ALBINISMUS, see Albino. 
ALBI'NO 'White.' Leuca'tltiops, NStbiops 
albus, Dondo, from albus, 'white.' (F.) Blafard, 
Negre-blanc. A Spanish word applied to indivi- 
duals of the human race who have the skin and 
hair white; the iris very pale, bordering on red; 
and the eyes so sensible, that they cannot bear 
the light of day. This condition, which has been 
called Leueccthio'pia, Alpha'sis AEthiop'ica, Albi- 
no'is'mus, Albinis' mus, Al'binism, Leucopathi'a, is 
seen more frequently in the Negro. Both sexes 
are exposed to it. It does not seem to be true, 
that there are tribes of Albinos in the interior of 
Africa. 
ALBINOISMUS, see Albino. 
ALBOR OVI, Albumen ovi. 
AL'BORA. A kind of itch or complicated 
leprosy.-Paracelsus. 
ALBOT, Crucible. 
ALBOTIM, Terebinthina. 
ALBUGIN'EA, Tu'nica albugin'ea, A. Testis, 
Perites'tis, Exira mater testis, Membra'na capsula'- 
ris testis. (F.) AZ&uj/iWe, Tunique albuginee. A 
strong, fibrous, and resisting membrane, which 
immediately envelopes the testicle, and has, at 
its upper part, an enlargement, called corpus 
Highmorianum. From its inner surface it sends 
off a number of flat, filiform prolongations or 
septa, between which are contained the semi- 
niferous vessels. Externally it is covered by the 
tunica vaginalis testis. 
ALBUGINEE, Albuginea, Albugineous. 
ALBUGIN'EOUS, Albugin'eus, 'white,'from 
albus, (F.) Albuginee. A term applied to tex- 
tures, humours, &c., which are perfectly white. 
Albugin'eous Fibre, (F.) Fibre albuginte. A 
name given by Chaussier to what he considers 
one of the four elementary fibres. 
The albugineous fibre is linear, cylindrical, 
tenacious, elastic, but little extensible, and of a 
shining, satiny appearance. It forms fasciae or 
fasciculi, which constitute the tendons, articular 
ligaments, and aponeuroses; hence the name 
Albugineous membranes, given by Chaussier to 
the fibrous membranes. 
Gauthier considered, that the rete mucosum 
consists of four layers, to two of which he gives 
the names membra'na albugin'ea profun'da and 
membra' na albugin'ea superficia'lis, respectively. 
ALBUGINI'TIS, (F.) Albuginite. A term 
employed by some authors for inflammation of 
the albugineous tissue. Thus, gout and rheu- 
matism are regarded as species of the genus 
albuginitis. 
ALBUGO OCULORUM, Leucoma-a. Ovi, 
Albumen ovi. 
ALBULA, Leucoma. 
ALBUM CANIS, Album graecum - a. Ceti, 
Cetaceum. 
Album Oynoc'oprus, Spo'dium Grae- 
co'rum, Album Canis, Stercus Cani'num Album. 
The white dung of the dog. It consists almost ALBUMEN 
wholly of phosphate of lime, from the hones used 
as food. It was formerly applied as a discutient 
to the inside of the throat in quinsies, but is 
now justly banished from practice. 
Album Nigrum. The excrement of the mouse. 
Album Oculi, see Sclerotic. 
Album Riiazis. A white ointment made of 
cerusse aud lard, prescribed by the Arabian phy- 
sician Rhazes. 
ALBU'MEN, Leuco'ma, Ooni'ne, Ozemun, from 
albus, 'white? (F.) Albumine. An immediate 
principle of animals and vegetables, which con- 
stitutes the chief part of the white of egg. It is 
found in the serum, chyle, synovia, serous fluids, 
&c. There is not much difference in chemical 
composition between animal and vegetable albu- 
men, fibrin and casein: fibrin alone appears,how- 
ever, to be possessed of plastic properties. Also, 
the white of the eye. See Sclerotic. 
Albu'men Ovi, Albu'mor, Albu'go Ovi, Albor 
Ovi, Can'didwn Ovi, Albu'men, Olare'ta, Ovi 
albus liquor, Albumen'tum, Lae avis or white of 
egg, (F.) Blanc d'oeuf, (Old F.) Albin d'oeuf, is 
used in pharmacy for suspending oils, <fcc., in 
water. See Ovum. 
ALBUMINE, Albumen. 
ALBUMINU'RIA. A hybrid term from 'Albu- 
men,' and ovpov, ' the urine? A condition of the 
urine in which it contains albumen, the presence 
of which is indicated by its coagulation on the 
application of adequate heat. 
ALBUMINURORHHEE, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the. 
ALBUMOR, Albumen ovi. 
AL'CAEST, Al'cahest, Al'chaest, perhaps from 
(G.) all, 'all,' and geist, 'spirit? A word in- 
vented by Paracelsus to designate a liquor, which, 
according to him, was capable of removing every 
kind of swelling. 
The same word was used by Van Helmont for 
a fancied universal solvent, capable of reducing 
every body to its elements. 
Alcaest of Glauber is a thick liquor ob- 
tained by detonating nitrate of potassa on hot 
coals, which transforms it into subcarbonate of 
potassa. 
Alcaest of Respour is a mixture of potassa 
and oxyd of zinc. 
ALCAHEST, Alcaest 
ALCAHOL, Alcohol. 
ALCALES'CENCE, Alkales'cenee, Alcalescen'- 
tia. The condition in which a fluid becomes 
alkaline. 
Alcalescence of the Humours was an old 
notion of the humourists. It can only occur 
during the putrid fermentation of animal mat- 
ters, which contain azote, and produce ammonia. 
Alcalin'ity is the quality of being alcaline. 
AL'CALI or Alca'li, Al'kali, from al {Arab.,) 
' the,' and kali, the name of the Salso'la Soda, 
a plant which contains a large quantity of one 
of the principal alkalis-soda. The alkalis are 
substances soluble in water, possessing generally 
a urinous, acrid, and caustic taste, turning the 
syrup of violets green, and restoring to blue in- 
fusion of litmus, which has been reddened by 
acids; reddening the yellow of turmeric, and 
having the greatest tendency to unite with acids, 
whose character they modify, and form salts with 
them. In medicine we understand by this term 
Potassa, Soda, or Ammonia. 
Alcali, Caustic, Al'kali Caus'ticum. A pure 
alkali. One deprived of its carbonic acid. 
Alcalis, Fixed, Soda and potassa; Volatile 
Alcali, Ammonia. 
Alcali Ammoniacum Acetatum, Liquor am- 
moniae acetatis-a. Ammoniacum fluidum, Liquor 
ammonia)-a. Fixum tartarizatum, Potassa) tax- 
57 
ALCOHOL 
tras - a. Minerale sulphuricum, Soda, sulphate 
of-a. Tartari aceto saturatuin, Potassae acetas- 
a. Vegetabile salito dephlogistieatum, Potassae 
murias hyperoxygenatus-a. Vegetabile tartari- 
zatum, Potass® tartras-a. Vegetabile vitriola- 
tum, Potassae sulphas-a. Volatile acetatum, Li- 
quor ammoniae acetatis - a. Volatile aeratum, 
Ammoniae carbonas-a. Volatile ex sale ammo- 
niaco, Ammoniae carbonas. 
ALCALIGENE, Azote. 
ALCALINITY. See Alkalescence. 
ALCANA, Anchusa officinalis. 
ALCANNA MAJOR LATIFOLIA DENTA- 
TA, Prinos-a. Orientalis, Lawsonia inermis-a. 
Spuria, Anchusa tinctoria-a. Vera, Lawsonia 
inermis. 
ALCEA, Hibiscus abelmoschus-a. JEgyptiaca, 
Hibiscus abelmoschus-a. Indica, Hibiscus abel- 
moschus. 
Alce'a Ro'sea, Common hollyhock. Emollient, 
like Althaea. 
ALCIIACHENGE, Physalis. 
ALCHACHIL, Rosmarinus. 
ALCHAEST, Alcahest. 
ALCHEMIL'LA, said to have been celebrated 
with the Alchemists [ ? ] A. vulga'ris, Common 
Ladies' Mantle, Pee Leo'nis, Leontopo'dium, (F.) 
Pied de Lion. Formerly in great repute as an 
astringent in hemorrhage. 
ALCHEMY, Alchymy. 
ALCHITRAM, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
ALCHITURA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
ALCHOOL, Alcohol. 
ALCHORNEA LATIFOLIA, see Alcornoque. 
AL'CHYMY, Al'chemy, Alchemi'a, Alcbimi'a, 
Adep'ta Philosoph,'ia, from al, an Arabic par- 
ticle, signifying 'superiority, excellence,' and 
OAimtci, ' Chymistry.' This word was formerly 
synonymous with Chymistry; but, from the 7th 
century, it has been applied to the mysterious 
art of endeavouring to discover a universal re- 
medy, and a mode of transmuting the baser me- 
tals into gold: an operation to which they gave 
the name Opus magnum, and Philosopher's stone. 
Alchymy has also been called Scien'tia vel 
Philosoph'ia Hermet'ica, from an idea that Her- 
mes or Mercury was its inventor. 
Harris has well defined this chimerical art: 
' Ars sine arte, cujus principium est mentiri, me- 
dium laborare, etjinis mendicare.' 
Al'chymist, Flatua'rius, Adept'. One pre- 
tending to alchymy. 
ALCOCALUM, Cynara scolymus. 
AL'COHOL, Al'cahol, Alchool, Alkol, Alcol, 
Al'cool, Al'kool. An Arabic word, formerly used 
for an impalpable powder, and signifying ' very 
subtile, much divided.' At the present day it is 
applied to highly rectified spirit of wine: - see 
Spiritus rectijicatus or rectified spirit, distilled 
from dried subcarbonate of potassa. In the Ph. 
U. S. Alcohol is rectified spirit of the specific 
gravity 0.835. 
Alcohol is an inflammable liquor, lighter than 
water, of a warm, acrid taste, colourless, trans- 
parent, and of a pungent, aromatic smell. It is 
the product of the distillation of vinous liquors; 
is miscible with water in all proportions, and is 
the direct solvent of resins, balsams, Ac. Various 
other vegetable principles are soluble in it, and 
hence it is used, in different states of concentra- 
tion, in the preparation of elixirs, tinctures, es- 
sences, &c. 
Alcohol acts on the animal body as a powerful 
stimulus : as such, in a dilute form, it is used in 
the prevention and cure of disease. Its habitual 
and inordinate use is the cause of many serious 
affections, of a chronic character especially, as 
visceral obstructions, dropsy, Ac. ALCOHOLIC 
Alcohol JEtiiereus Ferratus, A. Sulfurico- 
sethereus ferri-a. cum Aloe perfoliata, Tinctura 
aloes-a. Ammoniae et guaiaci, Tinctura guaiaci 
ammoniata-a. Ammoniatum, Spiritus ammoniae 
-a. Ammoniatum aromaticum, Spiritus ammo- 
nite aromaticus-a. Ammoniatum foetidum, Spi- 
ritus ammoniae foetidus-a. Amylicum, Oil, Fusel 
-a. cum Aromatibus sulphuricatus, Sulphuricum 
aeidum aromaticum-a. cum Aromatibus compo- 
situs, Tinctura cinnamomi composita-a. Casto- 
riatum, Tinctura castorei-a. cum Crotone casca- 
rilla, Tinctura cascarillae-a. Dilutum, Spiritus 
tenuior-a. Ferratus, Tinctura ferri muriatis- 
a. cum Sulphate ferri tartarisatus, see Ferrum 
tartarisatum-a. cum Guaiaco officinale ammo- 
niatus, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata - a. lodii, 
Tinctura lodinae- a. cum Opio, Tinctura opii 
-a. Sulphuricatum, Elixir aeidum Halleri-a. 
Sulphuricum, Elixir aeidum Halleri - a. Sul- 
phuris, Carbonis sulphuretum-a. Vini, Spiritus 
rectificatus. 
ALCOHOL'IC, Alcohol'icus,Spirituo'sus,Spir'- 
ituous. Relating to or containing alcohol-as 
an alcoholic drink or remedy. 
ALGOL, Alcohol. 
ALCOLjE, Aphthae. 
ALCOOL, Alcohol-a. Camphre, Spiritus cam- 
phorae. 
ALCOOLAT, Tincture. 
ALCOOLATUM, Tincture-a. Antiscorbuti- 
cum, Tinctura de Cochleariis- a. Carminativum 
Sylvii, Tinctura de Cochleariis-a. de Croco com- 
position. Tinctura de Croco composita. 
ALCOOLISER (F.) Formerly, 'to reduce into 
an impalpable powder.' No longer used. 
ALCOOLOMETER, Areometer. 
ALCO11NOQUE (F.) Oortex Alcornoco. The 
bark of Alchor'nea latifo'lia, of Jamaica, which 
has been considered capable of curing phthisis. 
It is bitter, tonic, and slightly astringent Dose 
of the powder J)i to Jss. 
AL'CYON, Hal'cyon. A swallow of Cochin 
China, whose nest is gelatinous and very nutri- 
tious. It has been proposed in medicine as ana- 
leptic and aphrodisiac. 
ALCYO'NIUM, Bastard sponge. The ashes 
were formerly employed as dentrifices: they were 
believed proper for favouring the growth of the 
hair and beard, and were used in Alopecia. 
ALDABARAN, Albadaran. 
ALDEHYDE, see Anaesthetic. 
ALDER, AMERICAN, Alnus serratula-a. 
Black, Prinos, Rhamnus frangula-a. European. 
Alnus glutinosa. 
ALE, Cerevisia. 
ALEACAS, Glycyrrhiza. 
ALECOST, Tanacetum balsamita. 
ALECTO'RIUS LAPIS, Alecto'ria; from 
aXtKTup, ' a cock.' The name of a stone, supposed 
to exist in the stomach of the cock, or, according 
to others, in that of the capon, four years old. 
Many marvellous properties were formerly attri- 
buted to it, which are as groundless as its exist- 
ence. There are no stones in the stomach, except 
what have been swallowed. 
ALEGAR, Acetum. 
ALEHOOF, Glechoma hederacea. 
ALEIMMA, Liniment. 
ALEIPHA. Liniment. 
ALEIPTE'RIUM, from 'I anoint.' 
The place in the ancient gymnasium where the 
combatants anointed themselves. 
ALEIP'TRON. Same etymon. A box for 
containing ointments. 
ALE MA, Farina. 
ALEM'BIC (AraJ.) Moorehead, Capitel'lwn, 
Capit'ulum, Am'bicus, (F.) Alambic. A utensil 
made of glass, metal, or earthen ware, adapted 
58 
J ALGEDON 
for distillation. A still. It consists of a body 
or cucurbit, (F.) cucurbits, chaudibre, to which is 
attached a head or capital, (F.) chapiteau, and 
out of this a beak descends laterally to be inserted 
into the receiver, worm, condenser, or refrigera- 
tor, (F.) serpentin, refrigerant, as the case may 
be. 
ALEM'BROTH (Salt.) Sal Alembroth. The 
alchymists designated by this name, and by 
those of Sal sapien'tice, Sal artis, Sal vitas and 
S. Scien'tics, the product resulting from the sub- 
limation of a mixture of corrosive sublimate and 
sal ammoniac. It is stimulant, but not employed. 
ALESE, (F.) Aleze, Lin'teum, from aXdgn, 'I 
preserve.' A guard. A cloth arranged in seve- 
ral folds, and placed upon a bed, so as to guard 
it from the lochial or other discharges. 
ALETON, Farina. 
ALETRIS, A. farinosa. 
Al'etris, A. Farino'sa, Stargrass, Starwort, 
Elazing star, Aloe-root, Bitter grass, Black root, 
Unicorn root, Ague root, Ague grass, Devil's bit, 
Mealy starwort, (F.) Aletris Meunier, Nat. Ord. 
Asphodelese. Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Monogynia. 
This plant is an intense and permanent bitter, 
and is used as a tonic and stomachic. It is com- 
mon in the United States. 
ALEURON, Farina. 
ALEUROTESIS, see Cribration. 
ALEXANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
ALEXANDRI ANTIDOTUS AUREA. See 
Alexandrine. 
ALEXAN'DRINE, Emplas'trum Alexan'dri. 
A garlic plaster, invented by Alexander, contem- 
porary of Mesne. Other ancient preparations 
were called 'Alexandrine;' as the Alexan'dri 
antid'otus au'rea, used in apoplexy; the Collyr'- 
ium siccum Alexandri'num, or ' Colly rium of King 
Alexander,' mentioned by Aetius. 
ALEXICACUM, Amuletum, Alexipharmic. 
ALEXIPHAR'MIC, Alexiphar'mucus, Anti- 
phar'macus, Alexica' cits, Caco-alexite'ria, Lexi- 
phar'macus, (F.) Alexipharmague, from aXtlfiv, 
'to repel,' and tbapyaKov, 'poison.' A term for- 
merly used for medicines which were considered 
proper for expelling from the body various mor- 
bific principles, or for preventing the bad effects 
of poisons taken inwardly. 
ALEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
ALEXIR, Elixir. 
ALEXITE'RIA, C'aeaZeante'rja, from aXcfaaSat, 
' to assist.' Originally, alexiterium was used 
synonymously with remedy. In more modern 
times it has been applied to a class of medicines, 
that counteract poisons placed in contact with the 
exterior of the body, in contradistinction to alex- 
ipharmic. 
ALEXITERIUM CIILORICUM, see Disin- 
fection- a. Nitricum, see Disinfection. 
ALEZE, Alise. 
ALFUSA, Tutia. 
ALGA MARINA, Pila marina. 
ALGALIE, Catheter. 
AL'GAROTH, Al'garot, Algaro'thi Pulvis, 
Pulvis Angel'icus, Ox'idum seu Submu'rias Stib'ii 
prcecipitan'do para'tum, Antimo'nii Ox'ydum, 
Ox'idum antimo'nii Nitro-muriat'icum, Ox'idum 
Stib'ii Ac"ido Muriat'ico oxygcna'to para'tum, 
Mercu'rius Vitas, Mercu'rius Mortis, Flowers of 
Antimony, (F.) Oxy de d'Antimoine, so called from 
Victor Algarothi, a Veronese physician. The 
sub-muriate of protoxide of antimony, separated 
from the muriate of antimony by washing away 
some of its acid. It was formerly much used as 
an emetic, purgative, and diaphoretic. 
ALGE'DON, from aAyoj, 'pain.' Violent pain 
about the neck of the bladder, occasionally oc- 
curring in gonorrhoea.-Cockburn. ALGEMA ! 
Algedon, Pain. 
ALGEMA, Pain. 
ALGESIS, Pain. 
ALGETICUS, see Algos. 
AL'GIDUS, from algor, 'cold.* That which 
is accompanied by coldness. 
Al'gida Febris, F. horrifica, F. hor'rida, F. 
quer' quera, F. crymo' des, Bry'cetus, Bry'chetus. 
(F.) Fiivre algide, Algid Fever. A pernicious 
intermittent, accompanied by icy coldness, which 
is often fatal in the second or third paroxysm. 
ALGOR, Rigor. 
ALGOS, aXyor, 'pain.' See Pain. Hence, 
Alget'i-eus, 'painful,' as Epilep'sia alget'ica. The 
suffix algia has the same signification, - as in 
Cephalalgia, Pleuralgia, Neuralgia, Ac. 
ALGOSPAS'MUS, from aXyoj, 'pain,' and 
a-raayot, ' spasm.' Painful spasm or cramp of 
the muscles. 
ALHAGI, Agul. 
ALHANDAL, see Cucumis colocynthis. 
ALHASEF, Sudamina. 
ALIBILIS, Nutritious. 
AL'ICA, Hal'iea, Farina'rium, Chondrus, from 
alere, 'to nourish.' A grain from which the an- 
cients made their tisanes ; supposed, by some, to 
have been the Triticum spelta. At times, it 
seems to have meant the tisane itself. 
AL'ICES, from aX<£w, 'I sprinkle.' Spots 
which precede the eruption of small pox. 
ALIENATIO, Anomalia-a. Mentis, Insanity. 
ALIENATION, MENTAL, Insanity. 
ALIENUS, Delirious. 
ALIFORMES MUSCULI, Pterygoid muscles. 
ALIFORMIS, Alaris, Pterygoid. 
ALIGULUS, Confection. 
ALIMA, Aliment. 
ALIMELLjE, Parotid. 
AL'IMENT, Alimen'tum, Al'ima, Harma'lia, 
Nutri'men, Nu'triens, Sustentac'ulum, Ciba'rium, 
Broma, Comis'te, Cibus, Esea, Nutri'tus, Nutri- 
men'tum, Sites, Trophe. (F.) Aliment, Nourri- 
ture, from alere, 'to nourish.' Food. Any sub- 
stance which, if introduced into the system, is 
capable of nourishing it and repairing its losses. 
The study of aliments forms one of the most 
important branches of hygiene. They are con- 
fined to the organized kingdom,-the mineral 
affording none. 
As regards the immediate principles which 
predominate in their composition, they have been 
classed, but imperfectly, as follows :- 
59 
ALKAR 
NITROGENIZED Or PLASTIC ELEMENTS OF NUTRI- 
TION, in which he comprises vegetable fibrin, 
vegetable albumen, vegetable casein, fiesh and 
blood; and the non-nitrogenized elements of 
respiration, in which he comprises, fat, starch, 
gum, cane sugar, grape sugar, sugar of milk, pec- 
tin, bassorin, wine, beer and spirits. The former 
alone, in his view, are inservient to the nutrition 
of organized tissue : the latter are burnt in respi- 
ration, and furnish heat. 
The following simple arrangement is, perhaps, 
as little objectionable as any : 
Fibrinous (Glutinous?) 
Albuminous. 
Caseinous. 
1. Nitrogenized .Aliments, 
(Albuminous, of Prout.) 
Amylaceous. 
Saccharine. 
Oleaginous. 
2. Non-nitrogenized Aliments, 
The second division might be still farther sim- 
plified, inasmuch as amylaceous aliments are 
convertible into sugar during the digestive pro- 
cess ; and, from both, oleaginous matter may be 
formed. 
ALIMENTARY TUBE, Canal, alimentary. 
ALIMENTATION, Alimenta'tio. The act of 
nourishing. 
ALIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
ALIMOS, Glycyrrhiza. 
ALINDE'SIS, from dXivionai, 'to be turned 
about.' A species of exercise, which consisted 
in rolling in the dust, after having been anointed 
with oil.-Hippocrates. 
ALIPJE'NOS, Alipce'num, Alipan'tos, from a, 
priv., and Auravttv, 'to be fat.' An epithet for- 
merly given to every externa' devoid of 
fat or moisture; such as po'.derj.--Gr.len. 
ALIPANTOS, Alipan'Z. 
ALIP'TA, Alip'tes, 1/ >ri ' I anoint.' 
He who anointed th'4 /.thlsta after bathing 
The place where this t<r.s done was called Alip- 
te'riiim. 
ALIPTERIUM, ♦ Alipta. 
ALIP'TICA, sane etymon. The part of an- 
cient medicine, wLich treated of inunction, as t 
means of preservi jg health. 
ALISIER BI ANO, Crataegus aria. 
ALISMA, A. plantago, Arnica montana - a. 
Grammifolia, A plantago - a. Lanceola'ta, A 
plantago. 
Alis'ma Pla'iTa'go, Alisma, A. lanceola'ta seu 
graminifo'lia, Pianta'go aqtiat'ica, Water Plan- 
tain, (F.) Plat tain d'Eau. Nat. Ord. Alismaceae. 
Sex. Syst. H< landria Polygynia. The fresh root 
is acrid, and the dried leaves will vesicate. The 
leaves have oeen proposed as substitutes for Uva 
Ursi. 
ALITUT? A, Nutrition. 
AL'KALE, O'leum Galli'nee. An ancient phar- 
maceutical name for pullets' fat. 
ALKALESCENCE, Alcalescence. 
ALKALI, see Alcali-a. Ammoniacum caus- 
ticum, Ammonia-a. Ammoniacum spirituosum, 
Spiritus ammoniiB-a. Minerale nitratum, Soda, 
nitrate of-a. Minerale phosphoratum, Soda, 
phosphate of-a. Minerale salinum, Soda, mu- 
riate of-a. Vegetable, Potash-a. Vegetabile cum 
aceto, Potassae acetas-a. Vegetabile fixum caus- 
ticum, Potassa fusa-a. Volatile, Ammonia-a 
Volatile causticum, Ammonia-a. Volatile, con- 
crete, Ammonias carbonas-a. Volatile nitratum, 
Ammonia nitras-a. Volatile tartarizatum, Am- 
monia tartras-a. Volatile vitriolatum, Ammo- 
nia sulphas. 
ALKANET, BASTARD, Lithospermum offici- 
nale-a. Dyer's, Anchusa tinctorla-a. Garden, 
Anchusa officinalis - a. Officinal, Anchusa offici- 
nalis. 
ALKAR, Medicament. 
TABLE OF ALIMENTS. 
1. Feculaceous. 
Wheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, In- 
dian corn, potato, sago, peas, 
beans, &c. 
2. Mucilaginous. 
Carrot, salsify, beet, turnip, aspara- 
gus, cabbage, lettuce, artichoke, 
melon, &c. 
3. Saccharine. Sugar, fig, date, raisin, apricot, &c. 
Orange, currant, gooseberry, cher- 
ry, peach, strawberry, raspberry, 
mulberry, prune, pear, apple, 
sorrel, &c. 
4. Acidulous. 
5. Oleaginous and' 
Fatty. t 
6. Caseous. Different kinds of milk, cheese. 
Coeoa, olive, sweet almond, nut, 
waluut, animal fat, oil, butter, 
&c. 
7. Gelatinous, 
Tendon, aponeurosis, true skin, 
cellular texture; very young 
animals. 
8. Albuminous. Brain, nerve, eggs, &e. 
9. Fibrinous. Flesh and blood. 
Dr. Prout has four great classes-the aqueous, 
saccharine, oleaginous, and albuminous : - Dr. 
Pereira twelve;-the aqueous, mucilaginous or 
gummy, saccharine, amylaceous, ligneous, peeti- 
naceous, acidulous, alcoholic, oily or fatty, pro- 
teinaceous, gelatinous, and saline. 
Liebig divides them into two classes : - the ALKEKENGI ( 
ALKEKENGI, Physalis. 
ALKER'MES, Confec'tio Alker'mes, Alcher'- 
mes. A celebrated electuary, composed of a mul- 
titude of substances. It was so called from the 
grains of kermes contained in it. It was used 
as a stimulant. Also, kermes. 
ALKERVA, see Ricinus communis. 
ALKITRAN, Cedria. 
ALKOL, Alcohol. 
ALKOOL, Alcohol. 
ALLA, Cerevisia. 
ALL Al TEMENT, Lactation. 
ALLAMAN'DA, A. Cathar'tica seu grandi- 
flo'ra, Ore'lia grandiflo'ra, Gal'arips, Ecki'nus 
ecandcns, Apoc"ynum scandena. A shrub, native 
of Guiana, the infusion of whose leaves is said by 
Linnaeus to be useful in Colica Pictonum. 
ALLANTODES, Allantois. 
ALLAN'TOIC ACID, Ac"idum allanto'icum. 
A peculiar acid, found in the liquor of the allan- 
tois of the cow. 
ALLANTOIDES, Allantois. 
ALLAN'TOIS, Allanto'i'dea, Allanto'des, Merri- 
ll-a'na urina'ria, .M seu Tunica Farcimina'lis, 
M. Intestina''lie, the Allantoid Vesicle, from uXXaj, 
'a sausage,' and 'shape.' A sort of elon- 
gated bladder, between the chorion and amnion 
of the foetus, which is thrown out from the caudal 
extremity of the embryo, and communicates with 
the bladder by the urachus. It is very apparent 
in quadrupeds, but not in the human species. As 
the allantois is developed, its walls become very 
vascular, and contain the ramifications of what 
become the umbilical artery and vein, which, by 
the elongation of the allantois, are brought 
through the villi of the chorion, into indirect 
communication with the vessels of the mother. 
ALLANTOTOX'ICUM, from aXXas, 'a sau- 
sage,' and toLikov, ' a poison.' Sausage poison 
(G.) Wurstgift. The Germans have given this 
name to a poison developed in sausages formed 
of blood and liver. 
ALLELUIA, Oxalis acetosella. 
ALLE'VIATOR: from ad, 'to,' and levare, 'to 
raise.' A soother. An instrument for raising in- 
valids, invented by Mr. Jenks, of Rhode Island. 
It consists of two upright posts, about six feet 
high, each supported by a pedestal; of two hori- 
zontal bars at the top, rather longer than a com- 
mon bedstead; of a windlass of the same length, 
placed six inches below the upper bar; of a cog- 
wheel and handle; of linen belts from six to 
twelve inches wide; of straps secured at one end 
of the windlass; and at the other having hooks 
attached to corresponding eyes in the linen belts, 
and of a head-piece made of netting. The pa- 
tient lying on his mattress, the surgeon passes 
the linen belts beneath his body, attaching them 
to the hooks on the ends of the straps, and ad- 
justing the whole at the proper distance and 
length, so as to balance the body exactly, and 
then raises it from the mattress by turning the 
handle of the windlass. To lower the patient 
again, and replace him on the mattress, the wind- 
lass must be reversed. 
ALLGOOD, Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
ALLHEAL, Heracleum spondylium. 
ALLIA'CEOUS, allia'ceua, from allium, 'gar- 
lic.' Belonging tc garlic, as alliaceous odour. 
ALLIALIIE, Alliaria. 
ALLIA'RIA, from allium, its smell resembling 
garlic. A. cjficina'lis, Erys'imum allia'ria seu 
cordifo'lium, Sisymbrium allia'ria, Jack-in-the- 
hedae, stinking hedge Mustard, Hedge Garlic, 
Sauce-alone, Hes'peris allia'ria, (F.) Alliaire. 
This plant has been sometimes given in humid 
asthma and dyspnoea. It is reputed to be dia- 
phoretic, diuretic, and antiscorbutic. 
60 
ALLOTRIOECCRISIS 
The Parisian Codex has a compound syrup of 
alliaria, Sirop d' erysimum compost, which is used 
in hoarseness. 
ALLIGATURA, Fascia, Ligature. 
ALLIOTICUS, Alterative. 
AL'LIUM, from oleo, ' I smell.' A. sati'vum, 
Theriaca rustico'rum, Ampelop'rasum, Scor'odon, 
Scordon, Garlic, (F.) Ail. Nat. Ord. Aspho- 
deleae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. A 
native of Sicily, but cultivated for use. The 
bulbs or cloves, Ag'lithes, have a strong, offensive, 
and penetrating odour, and a sweetish, biting, 
and caustic taste. Internally, garlic is stimulant, 
diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue (?), diapho- 
retic, and anthelmintic. Externally, it is rube- 
facient, maturative, and repellent. 
Dose, one to six cloves, swallowed whole, or 
from to of the juice. 
Taylor's Remedy for Deafness, a nostrum, ap- 
pears to consist of garlic, infused in oil of al- 
monds, and coloured by alkanet root. 
Allium Ascalonicum, Echalotte. 
Al'lium Cepa, Oepa vulga'ris, Common Onion, 
Cepul'la, Orom'myon, (F.) Oignon. Acrid and 
stimulating, and possessing very little nutriment. 
Onions have been used as stimulants, diuretics, 
and anthelmintics. The boiled or roasted onion, 
as a cataplasm, is emollient and maturating. 
The fresh root is rubefacient. The expressed 
juice is sometimes used in otalgia and in rheu- 
matism. 
Allium Gallicum, Portulaca. - a. Plantagi- 
neum, A. Victoriale. 
Al'lium Porrum, Porrum, P. sati'vum, Pra- 
sum, the Leek or Porret; (F.) Poireau, Porreau. 
It possesses the same property as the onion. 
The virtues of the genus Allium depend upon 
an acrid principle, soluble in water, alcohol, acids, 
and alkalies. 
Allium Redolens, Teucrium scordium. 
Al'lium Victoria'le, A. plantagin'eum, Cepa 
victoria'lis, Victoria'lis longa. The root, which, 
when dried, loses its alliaceous smell and taste, 
is said to be efficacious in allaying the abdominal 
spasms of pregnant women (?) 
ALLOCHET'IA, Allotriochet'ia, from aWos, 
' another,' and xefav, ' to go to stool.' The dis- 
charge of extraneous matters from the bowels. 
The discharge of fasces by an abnormous opening. 
ALLOCHOOS, Delirious. 
ALLOCHROMA'SIA, from aXXoj, 'another,' 
and xpwya, ' colour.' A change of colour. 
ALLCEOPATHIA, Allopathy. 
ALLCEOPATHIC, Allopathic. 
ALLCEOSIS, Alteration. 
ALLCEOTICUS, Alterative. 
ALLOIOSIS, Alteration. 
ALLOIOTICUS, Alterative. 
ALLONGEMENT, Elongation. 
ALLOPATH, Allopathist. 
ALLOPATHES, Allopathic. 
ALLOPATII'IC, Allopath'icus, Allceopath'ic, 
Alloeopath'icus, Allop'athes, Heteropath'ic, from 
aXXoj, 'another,' and iraOot, 'affection.' Relating 
to the ordinary method of medical practice, in 
contradistinction to the homoeopathic. 
ALLOP'ATIIIST, Al'lopath, same etymon. 
One who follows allopathy. 
ALLOP'ATHY, Allopathi'a, Allceopatkia, Hy- 
penantio'sis, Hypenantio'ma, Oura'tio contrario'- 
rum per contra'ria, same etymon. The opposite 
to homoeopathy. The ordinary medical practice. 
ALLOPHASIS, Delirium. 
ALLOTRIOCIIETIA, Allochetia. 
ALLOTRIODON'TIA, from aWorpio$, 'fo- 
reign,' and o<5ouj, 'a tooth.' Transplantation of 
teeth. 
ALLOTRIOEC'CRISIS, from aXAorpioj, 'fo- ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA 
reign,' and cKspia-is,' 'separation.' The separa- 
tion of extraneous matters from the body in dis- 
c&sc. 
ALLOTRIOGEUSTIA, Parageustia. 
ALLOTRIOPHAGIA, Malacia. 
ALLOTRIOTEX'IS, from aXXorproj, 'foreign,' 
and ' parturition.' The bringing forth of 
an abnormous fcetus. 
ALLOTRIU'RIA, from aXXorpiot, 'foreign,' 
and ovpov, 'urine.' Admixture of foreign mat- 
ters with the urine. 
AL'LOTROPISM; from aXXoj, 'another,' and 
rpoiTos, ' a turn or change.' A term recently in- 
troduced into chemistry; the object of which is 
to express the property possessed by certain 
simple bodies, of assuming different qualities on 
being subjec'ed to certain modes of treatment. 
Carbon, for example, furnishes three forms - 
plumbago, charcoal, and diamond. 
ALLSPICE, see Myrtus pimenta-a. Bush, 
Lauras Benzoin-a. Carolina, Calycanthus-a. 
Wild, Lauras Benzoin. 
ALLUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
ALLURE, Influenza. 
ALMA, Water. 
ALMARIAB, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
ALMEZERION, Cneorum tricoccum. 
ALMOND, Amygdala. 
.Almond Bloom. A liquid cosmetic, formed 
of Brazil dust 5j, water Oiij ; boil and strain; 
and add isinglass grana sylcestria 3'j> or 
cochineal Jij, alum borax ; boil again, 
and strain through a fine cloth. 
Almond Cake, see Amygdala-a. of the Ear, 
Tonsil - a. Earth, Arachis hypogaea-a. Paste, 
see Amygdala-a. Powder, see Amygdala-a. of 
the Throat, Tonsil. 
ALNUS, A. glutinosa-a. Communis, A. gluti- 
nosa. 
ALNUS GLUTINO'SA, Alnus, A commu'nis, 
Bet'ula glutino'sa seu emargina'ta, Europe'an Al- 
der. A tree which grows in Europe, in moist 
places. The bark and leaves are astringent and 
bitter; and hence are employed in intermittents, 
and as a tonic and astringent. 
Alnus Serrat'ula, American Alder, has simi- 
lar properties. 
Alnus Nigra, Rhamnus frangula. 
ALOCIII'A, from a, privative, and 'lo- 
chia.' Absence of the lochial discharge. 
ALOEDA'RIUM. A compound medicine, 
containing aloes.-Gorraeus. 
ALOE, Aloes. 
ALOE ROOT, Aletris farinosa. 
AI/OF.S, Al'oe, Eel Natu'rce. The inspissated 
juice of the Aloe. Nat. Ord. Asphodelea). Sex. 
Syst. Hexandria Monogynia. 
Aloes Barbadensis, A. hepatica-a. Bombay, 
A. hepatica-a. des Barbades, A. hepatica. 
Aloes Caballi'na, A. Guinien'sis, Horse- 
aloes. Used chiefly for horses. It is collected 
in Spain and Portugal, and is very coarse. 
Aloes en Calebasses, A. hepatica. 
Aloes, Cape, Shining Aloes; a cheap and ex- 
cellent form of aloes, collected at the Cape of 
Good Hope, from Aloe ferox, A. Africana, A. 
spicata, and other species. 
Aloes, East India, A. Succotorina-a. Guini- 
ensis, A. Caballina. 
Aloes Hepat'ica, A. vulga'ris, A. Barbaden'- 
sis, Hepat'ic aloes, Bombay aloes, Barba'does 
aloes, A. vulga'ris extras'turn, (F.) Aloes en cale- 
basses, A. des Barbades. This species has a very 
disagreeable odour, and an intensely bitter and 
nauseous taste. Properties the same as the last. 
Aloes, Horse, A. Caballina-a. Lucida, A. 
Succotorina - a. Socotrine, A. Succotorina-a. 
Spicata extractum, A. Succotorina, 
61 
L ALTERATION 
Aloes Succotori'na, Soc'otrine aloes, Turkey 
aloes, East India aloes, Aloes lu'cida, A. Zoctori'- 
nia, A. spica'tce extrac'tum, An'ima Aloes, is the 
best species. Its odour is not unpleasant; taste 
very bitter, and slightly aromatic; colour red- 
dish-brown, with a shade of purple ; mass hard, 
friable; fracture conchoidal and glossy; 
in dilute alcohol. Powder of a bright cinnamon- 
yellow colour. It is cathartic, warm, and stimu- 
lating; emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and stoma- 
chic. As a cathartic, it affects the rectum chiefly. 
Dose, as a cathartic, gr. v. to in pill- 
Aloes, Turkey, A. Succotorina-a. Vulgaris, 
A. hepaticus. - a. Wood, Agallochum-a. Zocto- 
rinia, A._ Succotorina. 
ALOET'IC, AZoet'icw*. A preparation which 
contains aloes. 
ALOEXYLON, Agallochum. 
ALOGOTROPII'IA, from aXoyoj, 'dispropor- 
tionate,' and r(>o<pt], 'nutrition.' Irregular nutri- 
tion. Used particularly to designate the irregu- 
lar manner in which the nutrition of bones is 
effected in rickety individuals. 
ALOPECES, Psoae. 
ALOPE'CIA, from aXoirril-, 'a fox ;' (this ani- 
mal being said to be subject to the affection.) 
Capillo' rum deflu' vium, Athrix depi'lis, Phalac- 
ro'tis, Depila'tio, Tricho'sis Athrix, Gwnyrce'na 
Alope'cia, Atrich'ia, Deflu'vium seu Lapsus Pilo'- 
rum, Lipsotrieh'ia, Vulpis morbus, Baldness. 
Falling off of the hair; loss of the hair. When 
this is confined to the crown of the head, it is 
called calvities, although the terms are often used 
synonymously. 
Alopecia Areata, Porrigo decalvans-a. Cir- 
cumscripta, Porrigo decalvans-a Partialis, Por- 
rigo decalvans. 
ALOUCHE, Crataegus aria. 
ALOUCH'I. The name of a gum procured 
from the canella alba tree. 
ALOUCHIER, Crataegus aria. 
ALPAM. A shrub which grows on the coast 
of Malabar. Certain parts of this, infused in oil, 
form an antipsoric ointment. The juice of the 
leaves, mixed with that of cafamws, is employed 
against the bites of serpents. 
ALPIIENIC, Saccharum candidum. 
ALPIIITEDON,'see Fracture. 
ALPH'ITON, aXtyirov, Polen'ta, Fari'na. Any 
kind of meal. Toasted barley-meal.-Hippocra- 
tes. Polenta means also a food composed of In- 
dian meal, cheese, &c. See Farina. 
ALPHON'SIN, Alphon' sinum. A kind of bul- 
let forceps, similar to a Porte-crayon, so called 
from the inventor, Alphonso Ferri, of Naples. 
Scultetus. 
ALPHOS, Lepra alphoides. 
ALPIIOSIS JETIIIOPICA, see Albino. 
ALPINIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- 
damomum-a. Galanga, Maranta galanga. 
ALPISTE, Phalaris Canadiensis. 
ALSANDERS, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
ALSI'NE ME'DIA, A. avicula' rum seu vulga'- 
ris, from aXao;,. ' a grove,' because growing abun- 
dantly in the woods. Mor sue Galli'na, Holos'- 
teum Alsi'ne, Stella'ria me'dia, Mouse-ear, Chick- 
weed, (F.) Mouron des Oiseaux, Morgoline. This 
plant, if boiled tender, may be eaten like spinach, 
and forms an excellent emollient poultice. It 
was formerly regarded as a vulnerary and deter- 
gent. 
ALTAFOR, Camphor. 
ALTER SEXUS, Sex, female. 
ALTEJIANS, Alterative. 
ALTERANT, Alterative. 
ALTER A'TION, Altera'tio, from alter, 'other, 
Alloio'sis, Allao'sis. This word is used in France ALTERATIVE 
to express a morbid change which supervenes in 
the expression of the countenance (alteration de 
la face,) or in the structure of an organ (altera- 
tion organique,) or in the nature of fluids excreted 
(alteration de I'urine, des larmes, du lait, &c.) 
Alteration is also used in an entirely different 
sense, to express intense thirst in disease. In 
this case its etymology is different. It comes 
from haliter, and was formerly written haleter- 
ation. 
AL'TERATIVE, Al'terans, Alloiot'icus, Allce- 
ot'icus, Alltot'icus, Immu'tans. An agent con- 
sidered to be japable of producing a salutary 
change in a disease, but without exciting any 
sensible evacuation. As medicine improves, this 
uncertain class of remedies becomes, of necessity, 
diminished in number. See Eutrophie. 
(F.) Alterant. The French term likewise 
means, that which causes thirst, - Siticulo'sus, 
Dipset'icus, as alterer means both to change, and 
to cause thirst. S'alt er er is to experience a 
change for the worse,-corrum'pi.) 
ALTERCANGENON, Hyoscyamus. 
ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus. 
ALTHAS'A, from aXS-civ, 'to healA. officina'- 
lis, Malvavis'cum, Aristalthee'a, Hibis'cus, Ibis'- 
chus, Ibis'ch a mismal'va, Bismal'va, Marsh mal- 
low. (F.) Guimauve. JVaL Ord. Malvacete. Sex. 
Syst. Monadelphia Polyandria. The leaves, 
Altha'a fo'lia, and root, Altha'a radix, contain 
much mucilage. They are emollient and demul- 
cent, and are employed wherever medicines, pos- 
sessing such properties, are required. In the Ph. 
U. S., Althaea is the root of Althaea officinalis. 
ALTHANAIHA, Orpiment. 
ALTHEUS, Physician. 
ALTHEXIS, Curation. 
ALTHOS, Medicament. 
ALTILIBAT, Terebinthina. 
ALU'DEL, Alu'tel, Vitrum sublimato'rium. A 
hollow sphere of stone, glass, or earthen ware, with 
a short neck projecting at each end, by means of 
which one glass might be set upon the other. 
The uppermost had no aperture at the top. Alu- 
dels were formerly used in the sublimation of 
various substances. 
A'LULA; diminutive of ala, 'a wing.' A little 
wing. 
ALUM, Symphytum-a. Cataplasm, Coagulum 
aluminosum-a. Egyptian, ASgyptia stypteria. 
Alum, Roche, Alu'men de Rochi, (F.) Alun de 
Roche. So called from Roccha in Syria, where 
there was a manufactory of it. It is in pieces of 
the size of an almond, covered with a reddish 
efflorescence. 
Common Roche Alum, A. Rochi Gallis. Frag- 
ments of common alum, moistened and shaken 
with prepared bole. It is white when broken. 
Alum, Solution of, Compound, Liq. aluminis 
compos. 
Alum Root, Geranium maculatum, Heuchera 
cortusa. 
ALU'MEN', (an Arabic term, alum,) Alum, 
Hypersul'phas alu'mina et Rotas'see, Potas'sa 
alu'mino-sulphas, Sul'phas Alumina Acid'ulus 
cum Potas'sd, Sulphas Alu'mina, Sul'phas Kal'- 
ico-alumin'icum, Sulphas alumina'ris, Supersul'- 
phas alu'minee et potas'sa, Argil'la sulphu'rica 
alcalisa'ta, A. vitriola'ta, Stypte'ria, Supersul'- 
phas Argil'la alcalisa'turn, Argilla Kalisulphu- 
rica. (F.) Alun. 
Alumen Catinum, Potash of commerce - a. 
Fixum, see Potash - a. Kinosatum, Pulvis sul- 
phatis aluminas compositus. 
Alu'men Commu'nE, Common alum, English 
alum, Rock alum, Alumen facti"tium, A. crystal'- 
linum, A. ru'peum, (F.) Alun d'Angleterre, is the 
variety usually employed. It is in octahedral 
62 
I ALVEOLUS 
crystals, but generally in large, white, semitrans- 
parent masses; has a sweetish, styptic taste; 
effloresces in the air, and is soluble in 16 parts of 
water at 60°. It is tonic and astringent, and as 
such is used internally and externally. Dose, gr. 
v. to xv. 
Alu'men Exsicca'tum, Alu'men ustum, A. cal- 
cina'tum, Sulphas alu'mina fusus, Argil'la sul- 
phu'rica usta, Burnt alum, dried alum. (F.) Afon 
calcini, [Alum melted in an earthen vessel until 
ebullition ceases.) Escharotic. 
Alu'men Roma'num, -ftoman alum, A. Ru'ti- 
lum, A. Rubrum. (F.) Alun de Rome. In crys- 
tals, which are of a pale red when broken, and 
covered with a reddish efflorescence. 
ALUMINA, ACETATE OF, Alurainm Acetas 
- a. Depurata, Argilia pura - a. Pura, Argilla 
pura-a. Sulphate of, Aluminas Sulphas. 
ALU'MINJE ACE'TAS, Argil'las Ace'tas, Ace- 
tate of Alu'mina. A deliquescent salt, obtained 
by the addition of acetate of lead to sulphate of 
alumina and potassa. It possesses the same pro- 
perties as the sulphate of alumina. 
Alu'mina: et Potassa: Hypersulphas, Alu- 
men - a. et Potassse supersulphas, Alumen - a. 
Sulphas, Alumen. 
Alu'mina: Sulphas, Argilice Sulphas, Sulphate 
of Alu'mina. Simple sulphate of alumina may 
be made by the direct combination of alumina 
and sulphuric acid, and contains 30 per cent, of 
the former, to 70 per cent, of the latter. It is 
a deliquescent salt; and is an excellent antisep- 
tic and detergent to ulcers. It is chiefly used to 
preserve dead bodies - a strong solution being 
injected into the arteries. 
Alumina: Sulphas Acidulus cum Potassa, 
Alumen-a. Sulphas fusus, Alumen exsiccatum. 
ALU MINE FACTIVE, Argilla pura. 
ALUN, Alumen. 
ALUNSEL, Gutta. 
ALUS, Symphytum. 
ALUSIA, Hallucination-a. Hypochondriasis 
Hy poch on driasis. 
ALUTEL, Aludel. 
ALVAQUILLA, Psoralea glandulosa. 
ALVARAS NIGRA, Ichthyosis. 
ALVEARIUM, Auditory canal, external. 
ALVE'OLAR, Alveola'ris, from alveus, 'a ca- 
vity.' (F.) Alviolaire. That which relates to 
the alveoli. 
Alve'olar Arches, (F.) Arcades alvfolaires, 
are formed by the margins or borders of the two 
jaws, which are hollowed by the Alveoli. 
Alve'olar Artery, Supra-maxillary A., Ar- 
tlire sus-maxillaire of Chaussier, arises from the 
internal maxillary, descends behind the tuberos- 
ity of the upper jaw, and gives branches to the 
upper molar teeth, gums, periosteum, membrane 
of the maxillary sinus, and buccinator muscle. 
Alveolar Border, Limbus alveola'ris. The 
part of the jaws, that is hollowed by the alveoli. 
Alve'olar Membranes are very fine mem- 
branes, situate between the teeth and alveoli, and 
formed by a portion of the sac or follicle which 
enclosed the tooth before it pierced the gum. By 
some this membrane has been called the alveolo- 
dental periosteum. 
Alve'olar Vein. This has a similar distri- 
bution with the artery. 
ALVEOLE, Alveolus. 
ALVEOLI DENTIS, see Alveolus. 
ALVEOLO-LABIAL, Buccinator. 
ALVE'OLUS, same etymon. Bo'trion, Bo'- 
thrion, Odontoboth'rium, Odontophat'ne, Frena, 
Mortariolum, Hol'micos, Prasepiolum, Phatne, 
Phat'nion, Prcesepium, Patne, Pathne. (F.) Al- 
vlole. The alveoli are the sockets of the teeth, ALVEUS 
Alve'oli dentis, Mix'nia sen Caver'no; den'tium, 
into which they are, as it were, driven. Their 
size and shape are determined by the teeth which 
they receive, and they are pierced at the apex by 
small holes, which give passage to the dental 
vessels and nerves. 
ALVEUS, Auge - a. Ampullosus, Receptacu- 
lum chyli - a. Ampullescens, Thoracic duct - a. 
Communis: see Semicircular canals - a. Utricu- 
losus : see Semicircular canals. 
ALVI EXCRETIO, Defecation - a. Fluxus 
aquosus, Diarrhoea - a. Laxitas, Diarrhoea - a. 
Profluvium, Diarrhoea. 
ALVIDUCUS, Laxative. 
ALVINE, Alvi'nus, from alvus, 'the abdomen.' 
That which relates to the lower belly, as alvine 
dejections, alvine flux, alvine obstructions, &c. 
ALVUM EVACUANS, Cathartic. 
ALVUS, Abdomen, Uterus-a. Adstricta, Con- 
stipation-a. Cita, Diarrhoea-a. Dura, Constipa- 
tio-a. Renum, Pelvis of the kidney - a. Tarda, 
Constipation-a. Viridis, Dejection. 
ALYCE, Anxiety. 
AL'YPON, from a, priv., and Xuirr?, 'pain.' An 
acrid, purging plant, described by Matthiolus. 
By some it has been supposed to be the Globula'- 
ria alypum of botanists. 
ALY SIS, Anxiety. 
ALYSMUS, Anxiety. 
ALYSSUM PLINII, Galium Mollugo. 
ALYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
AL'Z IL AT. In some of the Arabian writers, 
a weight of three grains.-Ruland and Johnson. 
AMABILE, Lacuna Labii Superioris. 
AMADOU, Boletus igniarius. 
AMADOUVIER, Boletus igniarius. 
AMAIGRISSEMENT, Emaciation. 
AMANDES, see Amygdala. 
AMANT'TAJ, from a, privative, and pavia, 
'madness:' i. e. 'not poisonous.' A name given, 
by the Greeks and Romans, to the edible cham- 
pignons. Amanita forms, at the present day, a 
genus, some of which are edible, others poison- 
ous. Amongst others, it contains the Agaricus 
aurantiacus and A. pseudo-aurantiacus. 
AMARA DULCIS, Solanum dulcamara. 
AMARACI'NUM. An ancient and esteemed 
plaster, containing several aromatics, the marjo- 
ram, afiaQaros, in particular. 
AMAkACUS, Origanum majorana-a. Tomen- 
tosus, Origanum dictamnus. 
AMARITIES, Bitterness. 
AMARITUDO, Bitterness. 
AMAROR, Bitterness. 
AMARUCACHU, Polyanthes tuherosa. 
AMA'RUS, Pieros, 'bitter.' (F.) Amer. The 
bitter principle of vegetables is the great natural 
tonic, and hence bitters, as they are termed col- 
lectively, belong to the class of tonics. Several 
are used in medicine; the chief are, gentian, 
quassia, cinchona, calumba, dog-wood, <fcc. 
AMASE'SIS, Amasse'sis, from a, privative, and 
'mastication.' Mastication when im- 
peded or impracticable. 
AMATORIUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
AMATORII. Oblique muscles of the eye. 
AMATORIUM VENEFICIUM, Philter. 
AMATORIUS MUSCULUS, Obliquus supe- 
rior oculi. 
AMAURO'SIS, Obfusca'tio, Offusca'tio, from 
a/iavpoy, 'obscure.' Drop serene, Gutta sere'no, 
Catarac'ta nigra, Paropsis amauro'sis, Immobil'- 
itas pupil'lot, Suffu'sio nigra, Black cat'aract. 
(F.) Goutte-sereine, Cataracte noire, Anopticoner- 
vie (Piorry.) Diminution, or complete loss of 
sight, without any perceptible alteration in the 
organization of the eye; generally, perhaps, 
owing to loss of power of the optic nerve or re- 
63 
! AMBON 
tina. Counter-irritants are the most successful 
remedial agents, although the disease is always 
very difficult of removal, and generally totally 
incurable. 
Amaurosis Dimidiata, Ilemiopia-a. Imper- 
fecta, Hypo-amaurosis. 
AMAUROT'IC, Amaurot'icus ; same etymon. 
Affected with amaurosis. 
Amaurotic Cat's Eye, Galeamauro'sis. A 
name given by Beer to an amaurotic affection, 
accompanied by a remarkable change of colour 
in the pupil, which presents, apparently in the 
fundus of the eye, a lighter tint, yellowish or 
brownish yellow, instead of its natural clear 
black. 
AMA'ZIA, from a, privative, and gafoj, 'breast.' 
A monstrosity, in which there is absence of one 
or both breasts. 
AMBARUM, Ambergris-a. Cineritium, Am- 
bergris. 
AMBE, from ap(3 aivia, 'I ascend;' Ambi. A 
superficial eminence on a bone. Also, an old 
surgical machine for reducing dislocations of the 
shoulder; the invention of which is ascribed to 
Hippocrates. It is no longer used. - Hippo- 
crates, Scultetus. See Crista. 
AMBER, Succinum - a. Liquid: see Liquid- 
amber styraciflua. 
AM'BERGRIS, Ambra gri'sea, Ambor, Am- 
ber, Ambra cinera'cea, A. ambrosiaca, Ambarum, 
Sue'cinum cine'reum, S. gri'seum, Am'barum cine- 
ri"tium. A concrete substance, of the consis- 
tence of wax, cineritious colour, studded with 
yellow and blackish spots, and exhaling a very 
pleasant odour. It seems highly probable that 
ambergris is formed in the intestines of the 
whale, and voided with its excrements. Like aL 
aromatic substances, ambergris is slightly anti- 
spasmodic and excitant; but it is oftener em- 
ployed as a perfume than as a medicine. 
AMBIA. A liquid, yellow bitumen, the smell 
and virtues of which are similar to those of the 
resin tacamahaca. It is obtained from a spring 
in India. 
AMBICUS, Alembic. 
AMBIDEX'TER, Amphidex'ius, from ambo, 
'both,' and dexter, 'right.' One who uses both 
hands with equal facility. Celsus says the sur- 
geon ought to be 'non minus sinistra quam dex- 
trd promptus. One of the aphorisms of Hippo- 
crates says, that a woman is never ambidexter. 
This is a mistake. 
AMBIL2EVUS, Ampharisteros. 
AMBITUS GENITALIS MULIEBRIS, Ves- 
tibulum. 
AMBLOMA, Abortion. 
AMBLOSIS, Abortion. 
AMBLOSMUS, Abortion. 
AMBLOTHRIDION, see Abortion. 
AMBLOTIIRIDIUM, Abortive. 
AMBLOTICUS, Abortive. 
AMBLUS, a/iPXvs, 'obscure.' Hence, 
AMBLYAPH'IA, from apftXvs, 'obscure,' and 
'feeling.' Dulness of the sense of touch. 
AMBLYOGMOS, Amblyopia. 
AMBLYO'PIA, from ayjlXvf, 'obscure,' and 
'the eye.' Ambly'osmos, Amblyog'mos, Ampli- 
o'pia (so called by some, according to Castelli, 
ob ignorantiam Graces lingua,) Hebetu'do visits, 
Feebleness of sight, (F.) Vue faible. First degree 
of Amaurosis.-Hippocrates. 
Amblyopia Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia-a. 
Dissitorum, Myopia-a. Meridiana, Nyctalopia- 
a. Proximorum, Presbytia. 
AMBLYOSMOS, Amblyopia. 
AMBOLICUS, Abortive. 
AMBON, ayfiwv, 'the raised rim of a shield or 
dish,' from ay(3aiw, 'I ascend.' The fibro-carti- AMBOR 
laginous rings or bourrelets, which surround the 
articular cavities, as the glenoid cavity of the 
scapula, the acetabulum, <fcc., have been so called 
-Galen. See Crista. 
AMBOR, Ambergris. 
AMBR A, Succinum-a. Ambrosiaca, Amber- 
gris-a. Cineracea, Ambergris. 
AMBRAGRISEA, Ambergris. 
AMBRE BL ANO, Succinum (album) - a. 
Jaune, Suceinum. 
AMBRETTE, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
AMBRO'SIA, from a, privative, and (fyoros, 
'mortal.' Food which makes immortal, or the 
food of immortals. The food of the gods - Ho- 
mer. See also, Chenopodium botrys. 
Ambrosia Elatior, see A. Trifida. 
Ambro'sia Marit'ima. A plant which grows 
on the shores of the Levant, and has a pleasant, 
bitter ana aromatic taste. It is given in infusion, 
as a tonic and antispasmodic. 
Ambro'sia Trif'ida, Horseweed, Richweed, 
Horsemint, Horsecane, Bitterweed, Great Rag- 
weed, Wild Hemp. This indigenous plant is 
found in low grounds and along streams, from 
Canada to Georgia, and west to Louisiana and 
Arkansas. It is an annual, and flowers in Au- 
gust and September. An infusion has been re- 
commended locally in mercurial salivation. 
Ambrosia Elatior, Ragweed, is said by Dr. R. 
E. Griffith to have much more developed sensible 
properties. 
AM B ROSIE DU MEXIQUE, Chenopodium 
ambrosioides. 
AM II ULANCE, (F.) from ambulare, 'to walk.' 
A military hospital attached to an army, and 
moving along with it. Also called Hopital am- 
bulant. 
AMBULATIO, Walking. 
AM'BULATORY, Am'bulans, Ambulati'vus, 
Am'bulative, (F.) MmSwZant. A morbid affection 
is said to be 'ambulatory,' (F.) ambulante, when 
it skips from one part to another; as Erisypeles 
ambulants, <fcc. When blisters are applied suc- 
cessively on different parts of the body, they are 
called VIsicatoires ambulants. 
AMBULEIA, Cichorium intybus. 
AM'BULI. The Brachmanic name for an In- 
dian aquatic herb, which appears to belong to 
the family Lysimachice. The whole plant has a 
sweet smell. Its decoction has a very bitter 
taste, and is an excellent febrifuge. It is also 
taken in milk in cases of vertigo. 
AM'BULO FLATULEN'TUS ET FURIO'- 
SUS, Elatus furio'sus, Vare'ni. Painful, mo- 
bile, and periodical tumours affecting different 
parts, which were once considered as the effect 
of very subtile vapours-Michaelis. Their na- 
ture is bv no means clear. 
AMBUSTIO, Burn. 
AMBUTUA, Pareira brava. 
AMBUYA-EMBO. A very beautiful, creeping 
aristolochia of Brazil, the decoction of which is 
exhibited successfully in obstructions. It is also 
used in fumigation and in baths as a tonic. 
AME, Anima. 
AM ELI. A Malabar shrub, belonging to a 
genus unknown. The decoction of its leaves is 
said to relieve colic. Its roots, boiled in oil, are 
used to repel tumours. 
AMELIA, Apathy. 
AMENIA, Amenorrhcea, Emmenagogues. 
AMENOMA'NIA. A hybrid word, formed 
from tho Latin amoenus, ' agreeable,' and puna, 
' mania. A gay form of insanity. 
AMENORRHCE'A, Parame'nia obstruct™'nis, 
Menocry/'h'ia, Menosta'«ia, Apophrax'is,Arrhce'a, 
Defec'tus scu Reman'sio seu Cessa'tio men'sium, 
64 
AMMONIA 
Menstrua'tio impedi'ta, Ischome'nia,Ame'nia, frox 
a, privative, pnv, ' a month,' and ptw, ' I flow.' 
Suppression oj the menses, (F.) Suppression du 
flux menstruel. This suppression is most com- 
monly symptomatic, and hence the chief atten- 
tion must be paid to the cause. Usually, there is 
an atonic state of the system generally, and hence 
chalybeates and other tonics are advisable. 
Two great varieties of Amenorrhoea are com- 
monly reckoned. 1. A. Emansio'nis, Eman'sio 
men'sium, Menis'chesis, Menos'chesis, .Menstrua'tio 
retenta, Men'sium reten'tio, Retention of the men- 
ses, when the menses do not appear at the usual 
age : and, 2. Suppres'sio Men'sium, Suppres'sio 
Menstruatin'nis, Amenorrhoe'a Suppressio'nis, In- 
terrup'tio menstruatio'nis, Menstrua'tio suppressa, 
in which the catamenia are obstructed in their 
regular periods of recurrence. See Emansio Men- 
sium, and Menses. 
Amenorrhcea Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea-a. 
Emansionis, see Amenorrhoea-a. Hymenica, see 
Ilymenicus - a. Partialis, Dysmenorrhoea - a. 
Suppressionis, see Amenorrhoea. 
AMENTIA, Dementia: see, also, Fatuitas, and 
Idiotism-a. Senilis, Dementia of the aged. 
AMER, Amarus. 
AMERICAN, see Homo. 
AMERICANUM TUBEROSUM, Solanum tu- 
berosum. 
AMERTUME, Bitterness. 
AM'ETHYST, Amethys'tus, from a, privative, 
and iicQvw, ' I am drunk.' A precious stone, to 
which the ancients attributed the property of 
preventing drunkenness. It was also used as an 
anti-diarrhoeic and absorbent- Pliny, Albertus 
Magnus. 
AMETH'YSUM, Amethys'tum, (remedium,) 
Same etymon as the last. A remedy for drunk- 
enness. 
AMETRIA, Intemperance. Also, absence of 
the uterus; from a, privative, and pmrpa, ' the 
uterus.' 
AMICULUM, Amnios. 
AMIDON, 10DURE D', Starch, Iodide of. 
AMIDUM, Amylum. 
AMIN ASA, Anime. 
AMINJE'UM VINUM, Amine'an wine, highly 
esteemed as a stomachic. Virgil distinguishes it 
from the Falernian.-Pliny, Macrobius, <tc. 
AMMA, Truss. 
AMMI, Ammi majus seu cicutafo'lium sen 
vulja're seu Bolberi, Am'mios murica'ta, A'pium 
ammi, Bishop's weed. The seeds of this plant are 
aromatic and pungent. They are said to be 
carminative and diuretic, and are tonic and sto- 
machic. 
Ammi Bolberi, Ammi - a. des Boutiques, see 
Sison ammi-a. Cicutsefolium, Ammi-a. Verum, 
see Sison ammi-a. Vulgare, Ammi. 
AMMION, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
AMMIOS MURICATA, Ammi. 
AMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
AMMOCHO'SIA, Ammocho'sis, from a/ipot, 
'sand,' and 'I pour.' Arena'tio. Putting 
the human body in hot sand, for the cure of 
disease. 
AMMO'NIA, Ammo'nia or Ammoni'acal gas, 
Volatile al'kali, Al'cali ammoni'acum caus'ticum, 
A. volat'ile caus'ticum, Ammo'nia caus'tica, A. 
pura, Ammoni'acum, A. caus'ticum, Gas ammo- 
niaca'le, Mephi'tis urino'sa, (F.) Ammoniaque, 
Air alcalin, Gaz ammoniacal. An alcali, so called, 
because obtained principally by decomposing sal 
ammoniac (muriate of ammonia) by lime. This 
gas is colourless, transparent, elastic, of a pun- 
gent, characteristic odour, and an acrid urinous 
taste. It turns the syrup of violets green, and AMMONIAC 
its specific gravity is O'59(5. When inhaled, 
largely diluted with common air, it is a powerful 
irritant. When uumixed, it instantly induces 
suffocation. 
Ammonia, Acetate of, Solution of, Liquor 
ammonias acetatis-a. Arseniate of, Arseniate of 
ammonia-a. Benzoate of, Ammoniae henzoas- 
a. Caustica liquida, Liquor ammoniae-a. Chloro- 
hydrate of, Ammoniae murias-a. Citrate of, Am- 
moniae eitras-a. Hydriodate of, Ammonium, io- 
dide of-a. Ilydrochlorate of, Ammoniae murias 
-a. Hydrosulphuret of, Ammoniae sulphuretum- 
a. Iodide of, see Iodine-a. Liniment of, strong, 
Linimentum ammonias fortius-a. Liquid, Liquor 
Ammoniae-a. Muriatica, Ammoniae murias-a. 
Nitrata, Ammoniae nitras-a. Phosphate of, Am- 
moniae phosphas-a. Praeparata, Ammonias Car- 
bonas - a. Pura liquida, Liquor ammoniae - a. 
Solution of, Liquor ammoniae-a. Solution of, 
stronger, Liquor ammonias fortior-a. Tartrate of, 
Ammonias tartras. 
AMMO'NIAC, GUM, Ammoni' acum, (Ph. U. 
S.) Gum'mi Ammoni'acum, Armoni'acum, Mato'- 
ritim, (F.) Ammoniac, Gomme ammoniaque, so 
called from Ammonia in Lybia, whence it is 
brought. A gum-resin, the concrete juice of 
Dore'ma ammoni'acum, of Persia: a species of a 
genus allied to Ferula. It is in irregular, dry 
masses and tears, yellow externally, whitish with- 
in. Its odour is peculiar, and not ungrateful: 
taste nauseous, sweet, and bitter. It forms a 
white emulsion with water: is soluble in vinegar; 
partially so in alcohol, ether, and solutions of the 
alcalies. 
Gum ammoniacum is expectorant, deobstru- 
ent ( ? ) antispasmodic, discutient, and resolvent. 
It is chiefly used, however, in the first capacity, 
and in the formation of certain plasters. 
Two varieties are met with in the market, 
Gotta, ammoni'aci, the best; and Lapis ammoni'- 
aci, the more impure. 
AMMONIACjE NITRAS, Ammoniae nitras- 
a. Sulphas, Ammoniae sulphas. 
AMMONIACUM, Ammonia, Ammoniac Gum 
-a. Succinatum, Spiritus ammoniae foetidus-a. 
Volatile mite, Ammoniae Carbonas. 
AMMONIA ACETAS, Liquor ammoniae ace- 
tatis-a. Arsenias, Arseniate of Ammonia. 
Ammo'nIjE Ben'zoas, Ben'zoate of Ammonia. 
A salt formed by the union of benzoic acid and 
ammonia, which has been prescribed for the re- 
moval of gouty depositions of urate of soda in 
the joints. It is regarded as a good diuretic. 
Ammonias Car'bonas, A. Subcar'bonas, A. Ses- 
quicar'bonas, Salt of bones, Sal Os'sium, Salt of 
wood-soot, Sal Fulig" inis, Salt of urine, Volatile 
Sal Ammoniac, Baker's salt, Al'cali volat'ile 
aera'-tum, A. volat'ile ammoniaca'le, A. volat'ile 
ex sale, ammoni'aco, Ammoni'acum volat'ile mite, 
Ammo'nium carbon'icum, A. subcarbo'neuni, Car- 
bonas ammo'nia alkali'nus seu incomple'tus seu 
sttperammoni' acus, Hypocar'bonas ammo'nice, Flo- 
res salts ammoni'aci, Sal cornu cervi volat'ile, 
Sal volat'ilis salts ammoni'aci, Concrete volatile 
alkah, Carbonate or Subcarbonate of ammonia, 
Ammo'nia prapara'ta, Sal volat'ile, Smelling salt, 
(F.) Carbonate d' ammoniaque, Sei volatil d'An- 
gleterre, (Ammon, muriat. tbj ; Creta Ibiss. Sub- 
lime- Ph. U. S.) A white, striated, crystalline 
mass; odour and taste pungent and ammoniaeal: 
soluble in two parts of water : insoluble in alco- 
hol : effloresces in the air. It is stimulant, ant- 
acid, diaphoretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, gr. 
v. to xv. 
Carbonate of ammonia is at times used to form 
effervescing draughts. One scruple saturates six 
fluidrachms of lemon-juice, twenty-six grains of 
65 
> AMMONL® ACETAS 
crystallized tartaric acid, and twenty-six grains 
of crystallized citric acid. 
Ammonia Citras, Citrate of Ammo'nia. Made 
by saturating lemon or lime juice, or a solution 
of citric acid, with carbonate of ammonia. Dose, 
It may be made extemporaneously, and taken 
in an effervescing state. Seventeen grains of 
citric acid or half a fluidounce of lemon-juice 
will be sufficient for thirteen grains of carbonate 
of ammonia. 
Ammonia: Cupro-sulphas, Cuprum ammo- 
niatum. 
Ammonia: et Ferri Murias, Ferrum ammo- 
niatum-a. Ferro-citras, Ferri ammonio-citras- 
a. Ilydriodas, Ammonium, iodide of-a. Ilydro- 
sulphuretum, Liquor fumans Boylii-a. Hypocar- 
bonas, Ammoniac Carbonas. 
Ammo'nia: Mu'rias, Mu'riate of Ammo'nia, 
Hydrochlo'rate of Ammo'nia, Chlorohydrate of 
Ammo'nia, Sal Amnioni'acum, Sal Ammo' niac, 
Sal Ammoni'acus, Ammo'nia Muriat'ica, Ammo'- 
nium Muria'tum, Hydrochlo'ras Ammo'nice, Sal 
Armoni'acum, Salmiac, Fuli'go Al'ba Philoso- 
pho'rum, Misadir, (F.) Muriate d'Ammoniaque. 
A saline concrete, formed by the combination of 
muriatic acid with ammonia. In Egypt it is 
manufactured in large quantities by subliming 
the soot formed by burning camel's dung - 26 
pounds of the soot yielding 6 pounds. It is also 
prepared, in great quantities, by adding sulphuric 
acid to the volatile alkali obtained from soot, 
bones, Ac., mixing this with common salt, and 
subliming. 
Muriate of ammonia is inodorous, but has an 
acrid, pungent, bitterish, and urinous taste. 
Three parts of cold water dissolve one. Solu- 
ble also in 4'5 parts of alcohol. It is aperient 
and diuretic, but seldom used internally. Ex- 
ternally, it is employed, producing cold during 
its solution, in inflammations, Ac. 
Ammo'nia: Nitras, Nitrate of Ammonia, AV - 
kali volat'ile nitra'tum, Sal ammoni'acus nitro'sue, 
Ammo'nia nitra'ta, Nitras ammoni'acoe, Nitrum 
flammans, (F.) Nitrate d'Ammoniaque. A salt 
composed of nitric acid and ammonia. It is diu- 
retic and deobstruent. ( ? ) Externally, it is dis- 
cutient and sialogogue. 
Ammo'nia; Phosphas, Phosphate of Ammo'nia, 
(F.) Phosphate d'Ammoniaque. This salt has been 
recommended as an excitant, diaphoretic, and 
discutient. More recently, it has been proposed 
as a new remedy for gout and rheumatism, as a 
solvent of uric acid calculus, and for diseases, 
acute and chronic, connected directly with the 
lithic acid diathesis. 
Ammonia: Sesquicarbonas, A. carbonas. 
Ammo'nia: Sulphas, Sulphate of Ammo'nia, 
Sulphas ammoni'acce, Ammo'nium sulphu'ricum, 
Al'kali volat'ile vitriola'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum 
secre'tum Glauberi, Sal sccre'tus Glauberi, Vi- 
triolum ammoniaca'le, (F.) Sulphate d'Ammoni- 
aque. Formed by adding sulphuric acid either 
to sal ammoniac or to ammoniacal liquor. Its 
properties are like those of the muriate of am- 
monia. 
Ammo'nia: Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Am- 
mo'nia, Hydrosul'phuret of Ammo'nia, Ammo'- 
nium Suljhydra'tum, Hydrosul'phas Ammonia, 
Spir'itus Begui'ni, Sp. fumans Begui'ni, Sul- 
phure'tum ammoni'acce, Sp. salts ammoni'aci sul- 
ph ura'tus, Liquor ammo'nii hydrothi'odis, Ilydro- 
sulphure'tum Ammo'nicum, Hydrarg. ammoniaca'- 
le aquo'sum, Hydrog" eno-sulphure'tum ammoni'- 
acce hq'uidum, Spir'itus suVphuris volat'ilis, He- 
par sulphuris volat'ile, Boyle's or Beguine's 
fuming spirit, (F.) Hydrosulphate sulfuri d'Am- AMM ONIAQUE 
moniaque, Liqueur fumante de Boyle, Sulfure 
hydrogtne d'Ammoniaque, Hydrosulfure d'Am- 
moniaque. Odour very fetid; taste nauseous and 
styptic; colour dark yellowish green. It is re- 
puted to be sedative, nauseating, emetic, disoxy- 
genizing, (?) and has been given in diabetes and 
diseases of increased excitement. Dose, gtt. viij. 
to gtt. xx. 
Ammo'ni.® Tartras, Alkali volat'ile tartari- 
za'tum, Sal Ammoni'acum tarta'reum, Tar'tarus 
ammo'nice, Tartrate of Ammo'nia, (F.) Tartrate 
d'Ammoniaque. A salt composed of tartaric acid 
and ammonia. It is diaphoretic and diuretic; 
but not much used. 
AMM ONIAQUE, Ammonia-a. Arseniate d', 
Arseniate of ammonia-a. Hydrosulfure d', Am- 
monite sulphuretum-a. Hydrosulfate sulfure d', 
Ammonise sulphuretum-a. Liquide, Liquor am- 
monia?- a. Phosphate d', Ammonite phosphas- 
a. Sulfure hydrogenf d', Ammonite sulphuretum. 
AMMONII IODIDUM, Ammonium, iodide of. 
Ammonii Ioduretum, Ammonium, iodide of. 
AMMONIO-CUPRICUS SUBSULPHAS, Cu- 
prum ammoniatum. 
AMMO'NION, from apyos, 'sand.' An ancient 
collyrium of great virtues in many diseases of the 
eye, and which was said to remove sand from 
that organ. 
AMMONIUM ARSENICICUM, Arseniate of 
ammonia-a. Carbonieum, Ammonia? carbonas 
- a. Hydroiodicum, Ammonium, iodide of-a. 
lodatum, Ammonium, iodide of. 
Ammo'nium, I'odide of, lod'idum sen lodure'- 
tum ammonii, Ammonium loda'tum seu Hydro- 
iod'icum, Hydri'odas ammo'nice, Hydri'odate of 
ammo'nia. This salt is formed by saturating 
liquid hydriodic acid with caustic ammonia, and 
evaporating the solution. It is applied in the 
form of ointment (,"j ad adipis in lepra, 
psoriasis, Ac. 
Ammonium Muriaticum Martiatum seu Mar- 
tiale, Ferrum ammoniatum-a. Muriatum, Am- 
moniac murias-a. Subcarboneum, Ammonite car- 
bonas-a* Sulf hydratum, Ammonite sulphuretum 
-a. Sulphuricum, Ammonia? sulphas. 
AMNA ALCALIZATA, Water, mineral, sa- 
line. 
AMNEMOSYNE, Amnesia. 
AMNE'SIA, Amnest'ia, Amnemos'yne, from a, 
privative, and yvnais, 'memory.' Moria imbec"- 
ilis amne'sia, Obliv'io, Recollectio'nis jactu'ra, 
Dyscrsthe'sia inter'na, JDebil'itas memo'rice, Me- 
mo'ria dele'ta, (F.) Perte de Memoire, 'loss of 
memory.' By some Nosologists, amnesia consti- 
tutes a genus of diseases. By most, it is consi- 
dered only as a symptom, which may occur in 
many diseases. 
AMNESTIA, Amnesia. 
AMNI TIS, Amnitis. 
AMNIOCLEP'SIS, from Amnios, and kXcitto, 
'I steal or take away clandestinely.' Premature 
escape of the liquor amnii. 
AMNIORRIHE'A, from amnios, and psu, 'I 
flow.' A premature discharge of the liquor amnii. 
AM'NIOS, Am'nion, Am'nium, Hym'nium, 
Charta virgin'ea, Armatu'ra, Agni'na membra' na, 
Pellu'cida membra'na, Galea, Scepar'num, Indu'- 
sium, Arnie'ulum, Membra'na foetum invol'vens. 
The innermost of the enveloping membranes of 
the foetus:-so called because first observed in 
the sheep, (?) apvos, 'a sheep.' It is thin, trans- 
parent, perspirable, and possesses many delicate, 
colourless vessels, which have not been injected. 
It is generally considered to be produced by a 
fold of the external layer of the germinal mem- 
brane, rising up, and gradually enveloping the 
embryo. Its external surface is feebly united to 
the chorion by areolar and vascular filaments. 
66 
> AMPELOS 
Its inner surface is polished, and is in contact 
with the body of the foetus and the liquor amnii. 
AMNIOT'IC ACID, Ac"idum am'nicum vel 
amniot'icum. A peculiar acid, found by Vauque- 
lin and Buniva in the liquor amnii of the cow. 
AMNI'TIS, Amnii'tis, from Amnion and itis, 
inflammation. Inflammation of the Amnion. 
AMCENOMA'NIA, from amatniis, 'agreeable,' 
and mania. A form of mania in which the hal- 
lucinations are of an agreeable character. 
AMOME FAUX, Sison amomuin. 
AMO'MUM CARDAMO'MUM, A. repent sen 
racemo'sum, A. verum, Alpin'ia cardamo'mum, 
Caro'pi, Mato'nia Cardamo'mum, Ele.tta'ria Car- 
damo'mum, Cardamo'mum Minus, Lesser or offici- 
nal Car'damom, (F.) Cardamome de la Cote de 
Malabar, Cardamome. The seeds of this East 
India plant have an agreeable, aromatic odour, 
and a pungent, grateful taste. They are car- 
minative and stomachic: but are chiefly used 
to give warmth to other remedies. The fruit is 
called Amomis. Dose, gr. v. to 
Amomum Curcuma, Curcuma longa. 
Amomum Galanga, Maranta G. 
Amomum Granum Paradi'si, Cardamo'mum 
majus, Meleguet'ta, Maniguet'ta, Cardamo'mum 
pipera'tum, A. max'imum, (F.) Graines de Para- 
dis. Greater cardamom seeds resemble the last 
in properties. They are extremely hot, and not 
much used. 
Amomum Hirsutum, Costus-a. Montanum, 
see Cassumuniar - a. Pimenta: see Myrtus pi- 
menta-a. Repens, A. cardamomum-a. Sylves- 
tre, see Cassumuniar-a. Zedoaria, Kaempferia 
rotunda-a. Zerumbet, see Cassumuniar. 
Amomum Zin'giber, Zin'giber officina'le, Zin'- 
giber album, Z. nigrum, Z. commu'ne, Zin'ziber, 
Ginger, (F.) Gingembre. The white and black 
ginger, Zin'ziber fuscum et album, are the rhizoma 
of the same plant, Zin'giber officina'li, the dif- 
ference depending upon the mode of preparing 
them. 
The odour of ginger is aromatic; taste warm, 
aromatic, and acrid. It yields its virtues ti 
alcohol, and in a great degree to water. It ii 
carminative, stimulant, and sialogogue. 
Preserved Ginger, Zingib'eris Radix Condi'ta, 
Radix Zingib'eris condi'ta ex India alla'ta, is a 
condiment which possesses all the virtues of 
ginger. 
Ginger-Beer Powders may be formed of whits 
sugar, £j. and £)ij. ginger, gr. v. subcarbonate of 
soda, gr. xxxvj in each blue paper: acid of tar- 
tar, in each white paper,-for half a pint of 
water. 
Oxley's Concentrated Essence of Jamaica Gin- 
ger is a solution of ginger in rectified spirit. 
AMOR. Love. 
AMORGE, Amurca. 
AMORPHUS, Anhistous, Anideus. 
AMOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
AMOUR, Love - a. Physique, Appetite, ve- 
nereal. 
AMOUREUX (muscle.) Obliquus superior 
oculi. 
AMPAC, Amp'acus. An East India tree, the 
leaves of which have a strong odour, and are 
used in baths as detergents. A very odoriferous 
resin is obtained from it. 
AMPAR, Succinum. 
AMPELOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
AMPELOPRASUM, Allium. 
AMPELOP'SIS QUINQUEFO'LIA, Virgin', 
ian Creeper, American Ivy, Fiveleaved Ivy, 
Woody Climber. An indigenous climbing plant. 
Family, Vitaceae ; which flowers in July. It has 
been advised as an expectorant. 
AMPELOS, Vitis vinifera-a. Agria, Bryonia AMPHAMPIIOTERODIOPSIA 
alba ;-a. Idma, Vaccinium Vitis Idaea- a. Oino- 
phoros, Vitis vinifera. 
AMPHAMPHOTERODIOPSIA, Diplopia. 
AMPIIARIS'TEROS, Ambila' vus, 'awkward;' 
from ap<jn, and apiorcpof, ' the left.' Opposed to 
ambidexter. 
AMPHEMERINOS, Quotidian. 
AMPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
AMPHI, ap<j>i, 'both, around, on all sides.' 
Hence, a prefix in many of the following terms. 
AMPHIAM, Opium. 
AMPHIARTHRO'SIS, from ap<pi, 'both,' and 
apSpuaif, 'articulation.' A mixed articulation, 
in which the corresponding surfaces of bones are 
united in an intimate manner by an intermediate 
body, which allows, however, of some slight mo- 
tion. Such is the junction of the bodies of the 
vertebrae by means of the intervertebral car- 
tilages. This articulation has also been called 
Diarthrose de Continuity. The motion it permits 
is but slight. 
AMPHIBLESTRODITIS, Retinitis. 
AMPHIBLESTROIDES, Reticular. 
AMPHIBLESTROMALA'CIA, from ampJii- 
blcstro'i'des (membrana) the retina, and paXaKia, 
' softening.' Mollescence or softening of the 
retina. 
AMPHIBRAN'CHIA, from a/iQi, 'around,' 
and Ppayxici, ' the throat.' Amphibron'chia. The 
tonsils and neighbouring parts.-Hippocrates. 
AMPHICAUSTIS, Vulva. 
AMPHID'EUM, from apctn, 'around,' and bcia, 
' I bind.' The outermost margin of the cervix 
uteri; the Labium uteri. 
AMPHIDEXIUS, Ambidexter. 
AMPHIDIARTHRO'SIS, from 'about,' 
and fitapSpams, 'a moveable joint.' A name given 
by Winslow to the temporo-maxillary articula- 
tion, because, according to that anatomist, it 
partakes both of ginglymus and arthrodia. 
AMPHIESMA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
AMPHIMERINA, Pertussis-a. Hectica, Hec- 
tic fever. 
AMPHIMERINOS, Quotidian. 
AMPHION, Maslach. 
AMPHIPLEX, Perinseum. 
AMPHIPNEUMA, Dyspnoea. 
AMPHISMELA, Knife, double-edged. 
AMPIIISMILE, Knife, double-edged. 
AMPHISPHAL'SIS, Circumac'tio, Circum- 
duc'tio, from 'around,' and a<t>aX\w, 'I wan- 
der.' The m'ovement of circumduction used in 
reducing luxations.-Hippocrates. 
AMPHODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
AM'PHORA, per syncop. for aii<pi<popcvs, from 
ap<j>i, ' on both sides,' and ipepw, ' I bear :' because 
it had two handles. A liquid measure among 
the ancients, containing above seven gallons. 
Also called Quadrant'al, Cera'mium, Ceram'nium, 
Cadus. 
AMPHORIC RESPIRATION, see Cavernous 
Respiration. 
AMPHOTERODIPLOPIA, see Diplopia. 
AMPHRODIPLOPIA, Diplopia. 
AMPLEXATIO, Coition. 
AMPLEXUS, Coition. 
AMPLIFICATIO, Platynosis. 
AMPLIOPIA, Amblyopia. 
AMPOSIS, Anaposis. 
AMPOULES, Essera, 
AMPUL'LA, (L.) 'A bottle.' A membranous 
bag. shaped like a leathern bottle. See Cavitas 
Elliptica. In pharmacy, a receiver. 
Ampulla Chylifera seu Chyli, Recepta- 
culum chyli. 
AMPULLAE, Phlyctsenae. 
AMPUTATION, Amputa'tio, from amputare, 
(am, 'around,' and putare,) 'to cut off.' Apot'- 
67 
r AMYGDALIN 
ome, Apotom'ia. The operation of separating, by 
means of a cutting instrument, a limb or a part 
of a limb, or a projecting part, as the mamma, 
penis, <fcc., from the rest of the body. In the 
case of a tumour, the term excision, removal, or 
extirpation,(F.) liesection, is more commonly used. 
Amputation, Circular, is that in which the 
integuments and muscles are divided circularly. 
Amputation, Flap, (F.) A.ctlambeaux, is when 
one or two flaps are left so as to cover the stump, 
when the limb has been removed. 
Amputation, Joint, Exarticula'tio, (F.) A. 
dans I'article ou dans la contiguity des membres, 
is when the limb is removed at an articulation. 
Each amputation requires a different process, 
which is described in works on operative surgery. 
Amputation, Spontaneous, See Spontaneous. 
AMULET, Amuletum. 
AMULETTE, Amuletum. 
AMULE'TUM, from amoftri, 'to remove.' An 
Amulet, Periam'ma, Apotropce'um, Periap'ton, 
Phylacte'rion, Apoteles'ma, Exarte'ma, Alexica'- 
cum, Prceservati'vum, Probasca'nium, Probascan'- 
tium, (F.) Amulette. Any image or substance 
worn about the person for the purpose of pre- 
venting disease or danger. 
AMUR'CA, Amur'ga, apopyn. The marc or 
grounds remaining after olives have been crushed 
and deprived of their oil. It has been used as 
an application to ulcers. 
AMURGA, Amurca. 
AMUSA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
A'MYCE, Amycha, Amy'xis. Excoriation, Sca- 
rification. 
AMYCHA, Amyce. 
AMYC'TICA, from apvaaw, 'I lacerate,' Me- 
dicines which stimulate and vellicate the skin.- 
Caelius Aurelianus. 
AMYDRIASIS, Mydriasis. 
AMYEL'IA, from a, privative, and /zveXoj, 
'marrow.' A monstrous formation, in which 
there is an absence of spinal marrow. 
AMYG'DALA, same etymon as Amyctica; 
because there seem to be fissures in the shell. 
The Almond, of which there are two kinds; 
Amyg'dala ama'rce and A. dulces, (F.) Amandes 
arneres, and A. douces, obtained from two varie- 
ties of Amyg'dalus communis or A. sati'va, a 
native of Barbary. Eat. Ord. Amygdaleae. Sex. 
Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. 
The taste of Amygdala dulcis is soft and sweet; 
that of A. amara, bitter. Both yield, by expres- 
sion, a sweet, bland oil. The bitter almond con- 
tains Prussic acid. They are chiefly used for 
forming emulsions. 
Amyg'dalas Pasta, Almond Paste, a cosmetic 
for softening the skin and preventing chaps, is 
made of bitter almonds, blanched, white of 
one egg; rose water, and rectified spirit, equal 
parts, or as much as is sufficient. 
Amyg'dala: Placen'ta, Almond Cake, is the 
cake left after the expression of the oil. The 
ground Almond Cake, Almond Powder, Fari'na 
Amygdala'rum, is used instead of soap for wash- 
ing the hands. 
Amygdala, Tonsil. Also, a lobule or promi- 
nence of the cerebellum, so called from its resem- 
blance to an enlarged tonsil. This and its fellow 
of the opposite side form the lateral boundaries 
of the anterior extremity of the valley, and are 
in great part covered by the medulla oblongata. 
The Amygdalae are seated on either side of the 
uvula, in the fourth ventricle. 
AMYGDALATUM, Emulsio Amygdalae. 
AMYGDALE, Tonsil. 
AMYG'DALIN, Amygdali'num, Amygdali'na, 
Amyg'daline. A principle contained in bitter 
almonds, which is prepared by pressing the AMYGDALITIS 
Bruised almonds between heated plates to sepa- 
rate the fat oil; boiling the residue in alcohol; 
evaporating, and treating with ether, which pre- 
cipitates the amygdaline in a crystalline powder. 
A weak solution of it, under the influence of a 
small quantity of emulsin or synaptase, which 
constitutes the larger portion of the pulp of al- 
monds, yields at once oil of bitter almonds and 
hydrocyanic acid. 
AMYGDALITIS, Cynanehe tonsillaris. 
AMYGDALUS, see Amygdala. 
Amygdalus Communis, see Amygdala. 
Amyg'dalus Per'sica, Per'siea vulga'ris. The 
common peach-tree, (F.) Pecher. The leaves and 
flowers have been considered laxative. They are 
bitter and aromatic, and have been given in hae- 
maturia, nephritis, &c. The fruit is one of the 
pleasant and ivholesome summer fruits, when 
ripe. The kernels, Amyg'dala Per'sicce, as well 
as the flowers, contain prussic acid. 
Peach Brandy is distilled from the fruit, and 
is much used in the United States. 
AMYGMOS, Scarification. 
AMYLA'CEA (remedia), from amylum, 'starch.' 
Remedies whose chief medicinal constituent is 
starch. 
AMYLEON, Amylum. 
AMYLI IODIDUM, Starch, iodide of-a. 
loduretum, Starch, iodide of. 
A'MYLUM, A'midum, Fec'ula, Amyl'eon, 
Amyl'ion, from a, priv., and pv\n> 'a mill,' be- 
cause made without a mill. Starch, (F.) Amidon, 
Amylon, Starch of Wheat, Fari'na, Trit'id fari'- 
na, Amylum triti"ceum seu Trit'ici, Fec'ula Amy- 
la'cea, is inodorous and insipid, white and fria- 
ble. It is insoluble in cold water and alcohol, 
but forms with boiling water a strong, semi-trans- 
parent jelly. It is demulcent, and is used as an 
emollient glyster, and as the vehicle for opium, 
when given per anum. Starch is met with abun- 
dantly in all the cereal grains, in the stalks of 
many of the palms, in some lichens, and in many 
tuberous roots, particularly in the bulbs of the 
orchis. 
Amylum Americanum, see Arrow root-a. Can- 
naceum, Totis-les-mois - a. lodatum, Starch, 
iodide of-a. Manihoticum, see Jatropha mani- 
hot - a. Marantaceum, Arrow-root - a. Palma- 
ceum, Sago - a. Querneum, Racahout. 
A'MYON, from a, priv., and yvov, 'a muscle,' 
Emuscula'tus. Without muscle. Applied to the 
limbs, when so extenuated that the muscles can- 
not be distinguished. 
AMYOSIS, Synezizis. 
AMYRIS COMMIPHORA, see Bdellium. 
Am'yris Elemif'era, (F.) Balsamier Elemi- 
fire. Nat. Ord. Terebinthaceae. Sex. Syst. 
Octandria Monogynia. The plant whence it has 
been supposed Gum Ele'mi is obtained. This 
gum or resin is brought from the Spanish East 
and West Indies. Brazilian Elemi, according 
to Dr. Royle, is produced by Idea Icicariba ; 
Mexican Elemi, Ela'phrium elemiferum; and 
Manilla Elemi, by C'ana'n'tm commu'ne. It is 
softish, transparent, of a pale whitish colour, in- 
clining a little to green, and of a strong, though 
not unpleasant smell. It is only used in oint- 
ments and plasters, and is a digestive. 
Amyris Gileadensis, see A. opobalsamum. 
Am'yris Opobal'samum, (F.) Balsamier de la 
Mecque, Bal'sem, Bal'samum. The plant from 
which is obtained the Balsam of Mecca, Bal'- 
samum genui'num antiquo'rum, Balsamela'on, 
xEgyptiacum Bal'samum, Bal'samum Asiat'icum, 
B. Juda'icum, B. Syriacum, B. e Meccd, Coco- 
bal'samum, B. Alpi'ni, Oleum Bal'sami, Opobal'- 
samum, Xylobal'samum, Balsam or Balm of Gi- 
68 
i ANACOLLEMA 
lead, (F.) Baume Blanc, B. de Constantinople 
blanc, B. de Galaad, B. du Grand Oaire, B. Fr«i, 
Terebinthine de Gilead, T. d' Egypte, T. du Grand 
Kaire, T. de Judee. A resinous juice obtained 
by making incisions into Amyris opobal'samum 
and A. Gileaden'sis of Linnaus, Balsamaden'dron 
Gileaden'se of Kunth. The juice of the fruit is 
called Carpobal'samum; that of the wood and 
branches Xylobal'samum. It has the general 
properties of the milder Terebinthinates. 
Amyris Tomentosum, Fagara octandra. 
AMYRON, Carthamus Tinctorius. 
A'MYUS, from a, privative, and pvt, 'a mouse, 
a muscle.' Weak or poor in muscle. 
AMYX'IA, from a, privative, and 'mu- 
cus.' Deficiency of mucus. 
AMYXIS, Amyce, Scarification. 
ANA, ava, a word which signifies 'of each.' 
It is used in prescriptions as well as a and aS, its 
abbreviations. As a prefix to words, it means 
'in,' 'through,' 'upwards,' 'above,' in opposition 
to cata; also 'repetition,' like the English re. 
Hence,- 
ANAB'ASIS, from avafSaivu, 'I ascend.' The 
first period of a disease, or that of increase.- 
Galen. See Augmentation. 
ANABEXIS, Expectoration. 
ANABLEP'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and /Dt™, 
' I see.' Restoration to sight. 
ANABOLtE'ON, Anabole'us, from ava{$aX\u>, 'I 
cast up.' An ointment for extracting darts or 
other extraneous bodies. 
ANAB'OLE, from ava, 'upwards,' and /?aXXu>, 
'I cast.' Anago'ge, Anaph'ora, Anacine'ma, 
Anacine'sis. An evacuation upwards. An act 
by which certain matters are ejected by the 
mouth. In common acceptation it includes, ex- 
spuition, expectoration, regurgitation, and remit- 
ingr. 
ANABROCHIS'MUS, Anabron' chismus, from 
ava, ' with,' and (ipoxos, ' a running knot.' An 
operation for removing the eye-lashes, for exam- 
ple, when they irritate the eye, by means of a 
hair knotted around them-Hippocrates, Galen, 
Celsus, &c. 
ANABRONCHISMUS, Anabrochismus. 
ABABROSIS, Corrosion, Erosion. 
ANACAMPSEROS, Sedum telephium. 
ANACAR'DIUM OCCIDENTA'LE, Acajuba 
occidenta'lis, Cassu'vium pomif'erum, Cashew 
( W. Indies.) (F.) Ac'ajou. Nat. Ord. Terebin- 
thaceae. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Monogynia. 
The Oil of the Cashew Nut, O'leum Anacar'dii, 
(F.) Iluile d'Acajou, is an active caustic, and used 
as such in the countries where it grows, especially 
for destroying warts, <fcc. 
Anacardium Orientale, Avicennia tomen- 
tosa. 
ANACATHAR'SIS, from ava, 'upwards,' and 
KaSaiptiv, ' to purge.' Purgation upwards. Ex- 
pectoration. See, also, Repurgatio. 
Anacatharsis Catarrhalis Simplex, Ca- 
tarrh. 
ANACATIIARTICUS, Expectorant. 
ANACESTOS, Incurable. 
ANACHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
ANACHRON, Soda. 
ANACINEMA, Anabole, Exspuition. 
ANACINESIS, Anabole, Exspuition. 
AN ACLASIS, Repercussion. 
ANACLINTE'RIUM, Anaclin'trum, Reeubi- 
to'rium, from avaKXivw, ' I recline.' A long chair 
or seat, so formed that the person can rest in a 
reclining posture. 
ANACLINTRUM, Anaelinterium. 
ANACOLLE'MA, from ava, ' together, and 
KoXXaw, 'I glue.' A healing medicine. 
Anacollemata, Frontal bandages. ANACOLUPPA 
ANACOLUP'PA. A creeping plant of Mala- 
bar, the juice of which, mixed with powdered 
pepper, passes in India as a cure for epilepsy, 
and as the only remedy for the bite of the naja. 
It is supposed to be Zapa'nia nodifio'ra. 
ANAC0LUTH1E, Incoherence. 
ANACOMIDE, Restauratio. 
ANACONCHYLIASMUS, Gargarism. 
ANACONCHYLISMUS, Gargarism. 
ANACTESIS, Restauratio. 
ANACTIRION, Artemisia. 
ANACYCLEON, Charlatan. 
ANACYCLUS OFFICINARUM, see Anthe- 
mis Pyrethrum - a. Pyrethrum, Anthemis pyre- 
thrum. 
ANADESMUS, Fascia. 
ANADIPLO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and SiirXoa, 
'I double.' Epanadiplo' sis, Epanalep'sis, Uedu- 
plica'tio. The redoubling which occurs in a 
paroxysm of an intermittent, when its type is 
double.-Galen, Alexander of Tralles. 
ANADORA, Ecdora. 
ANAD'OSIS, from 'I distribute.' 
Purgation upwards, as by vomiting. Congestion 
of blood towards the upper parts of the body. 
Anadosis seems also to have occasionally meant 
chylification, whilst diadosis meant capillary nu- 
trition,-Hippocrates, Galen. 
ANAD'ROME, from ava, 'upwards,' and Sptjiw, 
' I run.' The transport of a humour or pain from 
a lower to an upper part Ilippocr. Also, the 
globus hystericus. 
AN2EDQFUS, from av, privative, and aiioia, 
'organs of generation.' A monster devoid of 
sexual organs. 
from a, av, privative, 
'aifia, ' blood,' and irouu, ' I make.' Impeded or 
obstructed hcematosis. 
ANjEMATO'SIS, A nil aim at o'sis, from a, av, 
privative, and 'aipa, 'blood.' Defective h»ma- 
tosis or preparation of the blood. Anaemia. 
ANjE'MIA, Exoe'mia, Ance'masis, Anhce'mia, 
Anhctmato'sis, Polyanka'mia, Anamo'sis, OHgce'- 
mia, Oligoha' mia, Hypa'mia, Hydroa'mia, Hy- 
dra'mia, Ane'mia, (F.) Anemie, Polyanhemie, 
Hydrohcmie, Exsanguinity, Bloodlessness: from 
a, priv., and 'aipa, ' blood.' Privation of blood: 
- the opposite to plethora. It is characterized 
by every sign of debility. Also, diminished quan- 
tity of fluids in the capillary vessels :-the oppo- 
site to Hyperamia.- The essential character of 
the blood in anaemia is diminution in the ratio 
of red corpuscles. 
ANJE'MIC, Anem'ic, Ana'miens; same ety- 
mon. Appertaining to Anaemia,-as an " anamic 
person" anaemic urine." 
ANjEMOCH'ROUS, from a, av, privative, 'aiya, 
'blood,' and xpoa, 'colour.' Devoid of colour, 
pale. 
AN2EM0SIS, Anaemia. 
Anamotroph'ia: from av, 
privative, 'ac/na, 'blood,' and rpotpri, 'nourish- 
ment.' A deficiency of sanguineous nourishment. 
-Prout. 
ANJEMYDRIA, Anhydraemia. 
ANAJSTIIE'SIA, Anasthe'sis, Insensibil'itas, 
Analge'sia, Parap'sis expers, (F.) Anesthisie .- 
from a, privative, and aiadavofiai, 'I feel.' Pri- 
vation of sensation, and especially of that of touch, 
according to some. It may be general or partial, 
and is almost always symptomatic. 
Anesthesia Lingue, Ageustia-a. Olfactoria, 
Anosmia. 
ANA2STIIESIS, Anesthesia. 
AN JESTIIET'IC, Anesthet'ic, Anasthet'icus, 
Anesthesique ; same etymon, as Anasthesia. Re- 
lating to privation of feeling, as an " anastAeltc 
agent;" one that prevents feeling, as chloroform 
69 
ANANAS 
inhaled during a surgical operation. Different 
agents have been used as anesthetics,-sulphuric 
ether, chloroform, chloric ether, compound ether, 
chlorohydric and nitric ethers, bisulphuret of 
carbon, chloride of olefiant gas, benzin, alde- 
hyde, light coal-tar naphtha, <fcc.; but the first 
four are alone employed as agents. 
ANESTHETIZATION, (F.) AnesthPi sat ion; 
same etymon. The condition of the nervous sys- 
tem induced by anaesthetics. 
ANESTHISIA, Insensibility. 
ANAGAL'LIS, from ava, and yaXa, 'milk, 
from its power of coagulating milk. A. arven'sis, 
A. Phoenic"ea, lied Pim'pernel, Scarlet Pimper- 
nel. Nat. Ord. Primulaceae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tan dria Monogynia. (F.) Mouron rouge. A 
common European plant; a reputed antispasmo- 
dic and stomachic. 
Another species-Anagal'lis cceru'lea is a mere 
variety of the above. 
Anagallis Aquatica, Veronica Beccabunga. 
ANAGARGALICTON, Gargarism. 
ANAGARGARISMUS, Gargarism. 
ANAGARGARISTON, Gargarism. 
ANAGLYP1IE, Calamus scriptorius. 
ANAGOGE, Anabole, Rejection. 
ANAGRAPHE, Prescription. 
ANAG'YRIS, Anag'yrus, Ac'opon, Anag'yris 
foe'tida, Stinking Bean Trefoil. Native of Italy. 
The leaves are powerfully purgative. The juice 
is said to be diuretic, and the seeds emetic.-Di- 
oscorides, Paulus. 
ANAGYRUS, Anagyris. 
ANAL, Ana'lis. That which refers to the 
anus;-as Anal region, <to. 
ANAL'DIA, (F.) Analdie; from a, privative, 
and aXh.iv, 'to grow.' Defective nutrition. 
ANALEMSIA, Analepsia. 
ANALENTIA, Analepsia. 
ANALEP'SIA, Analep' sis, Analen'tia, Ana- 
lem'sia, from ava, 'fresh,' and Xaflavtiv, 'to take.' 
Restoration to strength after disease.-Galen. A 
kind of sympathetic epilepsy, originating from 
gastric disorder. See Epilepsy. 
Also, the support given to a fractured extre- 
mity ;-Appen'sio.-Hippocrates. 
ANALEPSIS, Convalescence, Restauratio. 
ANALEP'TICA, Anapsyc'tica, Psychot'ica, 
Refecti'va, Reficien'tia, Analep'tics, same ety- 
mon. Restorative medicines or food; such as 
are adapted to recruit the strength during con- 
valescence:-as sago, salep, tapioca, jelly, &c. 
Analeptic Pills, James's, consist of James's 
Powder, Gum Ammoniacum, and Pills of Aloes 
and Myrrh, equal parts, with Tincture of Castor, 
sufficient to form a mass. 
ANALGE'SIA, Anal'gia, from a, priv., and 
aXyos, 'pain.' Absence of pain both in health 
and disease. See Anaesthesia. 
ANALGIA. Analgesia. 
AN'ALOGUE, Anal'ogus ; from ava, 'again,' 
and Xoyos, ' a description.' A part in one orga- 
nized being which has the same function as ano- 
ther part in another organized being. 
ANALOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
ANALOSIS, Atrophy. 
ANALTESIS, Restauratio. 
ANALTIIES, Incurable. 
ANAMIRTA COCCULUS, Menispermum coc- 
culus-a. Paniculata, Menispermum cocculus. 
ANAMNES'TIC, Anamnes'ticum, from ava, 
'again,' and 'I remember.' A medicine 
for improving the memory. See, also, Comme- 
morative. 
ANANAS, Bromelia ananas-a. Aculeata, Bro- 
melia ananas-a. Americana, Bromelia pinguin 
- a. Ovata, Bromelia ananas - Wild, broad 
leaved, Bromelia pinguin. ANANAZIPTA 
ANANAZIP'TA. A word formerly scrawled 
on amulets to charm away disease. 
ANANDRI'A, from a, av, privative, and avrjp, 
'a man.' Want of manliness. Impotence in the 
male. The state and act of emasculation. 
ANANEO'SIS, Renova'tio; from ava, 'again,' 
and vcog, ' new.' Renovation or renewal,-as of 
the blood by the chyliferous vessels and lym- 
phatics. 
ANAPETI'A, Expan'sio mea'tuum, from ava, 
and ircraw, 'I dilate.' A state opposite to the 
closure of vessels-Galen. 
ava<fiaXavTias, ' bald.' Loss of the hair of the eye- 
brows. Also, baldness in general. 
ANAPHALANTOMA, Anaphalantiasis. 
ANAPHE, Anaphia. 
ANAPH'IA, Anhaph'ia, An'aphe, from a, av, 
priv., and ra<pr), 'touch.' Diminution or privation 
of the sense of touch. 
ANAPHLASMUS, Masturbation. 
ANAPHONE'SIS, from ava, 'high,' and <pa>vri, 
'voice.' Exercise of the voice: vociferation:- 
the act of crying out. Vocifera'tio, Clamor. 
ANAPHORA, Anabole. 
ANAPHRODIS'IA, from a, priv., and A0po- 
'Venus,' Defec'tus Ven'erig. Absence of the 
venereal appetite. Sometimes used for Impotence 
and Sterility. 
ANAPHRODISIAC, Antaphrodisiac. 
ANAPHROMELI, Mel despumatum. 
ANAP'LASIS, Anaplasmus, from avar\aaau>, 
'I restore.' Oonfirma'tio, Reposi"tio. Restora- 
tion. Union or consolidation of a fractured bone 
-Hippocrates. 
ANAPLASMATIC, Anaplastic. 
ANAPLASMUS, Anaplasis. 
ANAPLAS'TIC, Anaplas'ticxis ; same etymon. 
An epithet applied to the art of restoring lost 
parts, or the normal shape-as ' Anaplastic Sur- 
gery.' See Morioplastice. Also an agent, that 
increases the amount of plastic matter-fibrin- 
in the blood ; Anaplasmat'ic. 
ANAPLERO'SIS, from avairXnpow, 'I fill up.' 
Repletion. That part of surgical therapeutics 
whose object is to supply parts that are wanting. 
Also, Apposition or Prosthesis. 
ANAPLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
ANAPLEU'SIS, Fluctua'tio, Innata'tio, from 
ava-n\uv, 'to swim above.' The looseness or 
shaking of an exfoliated bone; or of a carious or 
other tooth, Ac.-Hippocrates, Paulus. 
ANAPLOSIS, Growth. 
ANAPNEUSIS, Respiration. 
ANAPNOE, Respiration. 
ANAPNOENU'SI; from Anapnoe, 'respira- 
tion,' and vovjoj, disease.' Diseases of the re- 
spiratory organs. 
ANAPNOMETER, Spirometer. 
ANAPODISIS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
ANAPODISMUS UTERI, Retroversio Uteri. 
ANAPODOPHYLLUM CANADENSE, Podo- 
phyllum peltatum. 
ANAP'OSIS, Am'posis, from ava, 'again,' and 
roaif, ' drink.' A recession of humours from the 
circumference to the centre of the body-Hippo- 
crates. 
ANAPSE, Auante. 
ANAPSIA, Caecitas. 
ANAPSYCTICA, Analeptica. 
ANAPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
ANAPTYXIS, Growth. 
ANARCOTINA, Narcotine. 
ANARRHEGNU'MINA, from avappnyvvyi, 'I 
bleak out again.' Fractures are so called when 
they become disunited; as well as ulcers when 
they break out afresh. 
ANARRHI'NON, from ava, 'upwards,' and 
70 
ANASTOMOSIS 
piv, 'the nose.' That which returns by the nose 
-Gorraeus. 
According to others, that which issues by the 
skin; from ava, and pivos, 'the skin.' 
ANARRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
ANARRHOE, Anarrhoea. 
A N A R R H (E' A, Anar'rhoe, Anarrho'pia, 
Anas'tasis, from ava, 'upwards,' and ptw, 'I flow.' 
Afflux of fluid towards the upper part of the 
body. 
ANARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
ANARRHOPHENU'SI ; from anarrhophe, 
'absorption,' and vovaos, 'disease.' Diseases of 
the absorbents. 
ANARRHOPIIESIS, Absorption. 
ANARRHOPIA, Anarrhoea. 
ANAR'THRUS, from av, priv., and apSpov, 'a 
joint.' Without a joint. One who is so fat that 
his joints are scarcely perceptible-Hipp. 
ANASAR'CA, from ava, ' through,' and <rap|, 
' the flesh.' Anasarch'a, Catasar' ca, Aqua inter- 
cut seu inter cutem, Hyposar'ca, Hydrops cellu- 
la'ris totius cor'poris, H. Anasar'ca, H. inter'cua 
seu subcuta'neus seu cellulo'sus seu cuta'news seu 
tela cellule'see, Katasar'ca, Episarcid'iuni, Hy'- 
deros, Hydaton'cus, Hyderon'cus, Hydron'cug, 
Hydrosar'ca, Hydroder'ma, Hydrop'isis vera, 
Sar'cites, Polylym'phia, Hyposarcid' ius, Leuco- 
phlegma'tia, General dropgy, Dropsy of the cel- 
lular membrane, (F.) Anasarque. Commonly, it 
begins to manifest itself by swelling around the 
ankles; and is characterized by tumefaction of 
the limbs and of the soft parts covering the ab- 
domen, thorax, and even the face, with paleness 
and dryness of the skin, and pitting when any 
of these (especially the ankles) are pressed upon. 
Like dropsy in general, Anasarca may be active 
or passive; and its treatment must be regulated 
by the rules that are applicable to general dropsy. 
At times, the symptoms are of an acute character, 
and the effusion sudden, constituting Derma- 
toch'ysig, Hydrops Anasar'ca acu'tus, (Ede'ma 
cal'idum, (E. acu'tum, (E. febri'le of some. See 
Hydrops. 
Anasarca Hystericum, Anathymiasis - a. 
Pulmonum, Hydropneumonia, (Edema of the 
Lungs - a. Serosa, Phlegmatia dolens. 
ANASARCHA, Anasarca. 
ANASARQUE, Anasarca. 
ANASISMUS, Concussion. 
ANASPADIA, see Anaspadiaeus. 
ANASPA'DIAS, Epispa'dias, from ava, 'up- 
wards,' and mu, ' I draw.' One whose urethra 
opens on the upper surface of the penis. 
ANASPADISIS, see Anaspadia?us. 
ANASPADISMUS, see Anaspadimus. 
ANAS'PASIS, Anaspasm'us, from avaairaui, 'I 
contract.' Retrac'tio. Contraction, especially of 
the bowels. The condition is called Anaspa'dia, 
Anaspad'Isis, and Anaspadis'mus-Hippocrates. 
ANASPASMUS, Anaspasis. 
ANASSA, Bromelia ananas. 
ANASTALTICA, Styptics. 
ANASTASIS, Anarrhoea. Also, restoration 
from sickness. Convalescence. 
ANASTCECHEIO'SIS, from ava, 'again,' and 
'element.' Reelementa'tio. Resolu- 
tion of a body or its parts into their elements- 
Galen. 
ANASTOMO'SIS, from ava, 'with,' am?aropa, 
'a mouth.' Inoscula'tio seu Reu'nio vaso'rum, 
Exanastomo'sia, Concur'sus, (F.) Abouehement. 
Communication between two vessels. By consi- 
dering the nerves to be channels, in which a 
nervous fluid circulates, their communication like- 
wise has been called Anastomosis. By means of 
anastomoses, if the course of a fluid be arrested 
in one vessel, it can proceed along others. ANASTOMOTICS 
Anastomosis Aneurismatica, Telangiectasia 
-a. Jacobson's ;-see Petrosal ganglion. 
AN ASTOMOT'ICS, Anastomot'ica. Same ety- 
mon. Certain medicines were formerly so called, 
which were believed to be capable of opening the 
mouths of vessels :-as aperients, diuretics, &e. 
ANASTOMOT'ICUS MAGNUS, (RAMUS,) 
(F.) Artere collaterals interne, A. collaterals du 
coude, is a branch of the brachial artery which 
comes off a little above the elbow, and bestows 
branches to the brachialis internus, to the under 
edge of the triceps, and to the muscles, ligaments, 
<fcc., about the elbow joint See, also, Articular 
arteries of the knee. 
ANASTROPIIE UTERI, Inversio uteri. 
ANATASIS, Extension. 
ANATHYMIAMA, Anathymiasis. 
ANATHYMI'ASIS, Anathymi'ama, from ava, 
'upwards,' and fhiya, 'fumigation.' (Ede'mafu- 
gax, (Ede'ma spas'tic um, (Ede'ma hyster'icum, 
Anasar'ca hyster'icum. An uncertain and tran- 
sient swelling or inflation, said to have been ob- 
served at times, in nervous and hysterical per- 
sons. It also means Exhalation, Fumigation, and 
Hypochondriasis. 
ANATOLE UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
ANATOME, Anatomy - a. Animate, Physi- 
ology. 
ANATOMIA, Anatomy-a. Animalis, Zootomy 
-a. Comparata, Zootomy-a. Comparativa, Zo- 
otomy-a. Viva, Physiology. 
AN ATOM IE, Anatomy - a. Chirurgicale, see 
Anatomy-a. des Regions, see Anatomy. 
ANAT'OMIST, Anatom.'icus. One who oc- 
cupies himself with anatomy. One versed in 
Anatomy. 
ANAT'OMY, Anat'ome, Anatom'ia, Proses'tio, 
from ava, and repvuv, 'to cut,' (F.) Anatomic. 
The word Anatomy properly signifies dissection; 
but it has been appropriated to the study and 
knowledge of the number, shape, situation, struc- 
ture, and connexion,-in a word, of all the appa- 
rent properties of organized bodies. Anatomy is 
the science of organization. Some have given the 
term a still more extended acceptation, applying 
it to every mechanical decomposition, even of in- 
organic bodies. Thus, Crystallography has been 
termed the Anatomy of crystallized minerals. 
Anatomy has also been called Morphol'ogy, So- 
matol'ogy, Somatot'omy, Organol'ogy, Ac. It as- 
sumes different names according as the study is 
confined to one organized being, or to a species or 
class of beings. Thus, Androt'omy, or Anthropot'- 
omy, or Anthropog'raphy, or Anthroposomatol'ogy, 
is the Anatomy of man:-Zootomy, that of the other 
species of the animal kingdom : and Veterinary 
Anat'omy is the anatomy of domestic animals: 
but when the word is used abstractly, it means 
human Anatomy, and particularly the study of 
the organs in a physiological or healthy state. 
Physiological Anatomy is occasionally used to 
signify the kind of anatomy which investigates 
structure with a special view to function. The 
Anatomy of the diseased human body is called 
Patholog"ical or Morbid Anatomy, and when ap- 
plied to Medical Jurisprudence, Foren'sic Anat- 
omy. Several of the organs possessing a simi- 
larity of structure, and being formed of the same 
tissues, they have been grouped into Systems or 
Genera of Organs ; and the study of, or acquaint- 
ance with, such systems, has been called General 
Anat'omy, Histol'ogy, or Morphot'omy, whilst the 
study of each organ in particular has been termed 
Descriptive Anatomy. Histology is, however, more 
frequently applied to the Anatomy of the Tissues, 
which is called, also, Tex'tural and Microscopic 
Anatomy. Descriptive Anatomy has been di- 
vided into Skeletol'ogy which comprises Osteol'- 
71 
ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA 
ogy, and Syndesmol'ogy; and into Sarcol'ogy, 
which is subdivided into Myol'ogy, Neurol'ogy, 
Angiol'ogy, Adenol' ogy, Splanchnol'ogy, and Ver- 
mot' ogy. Sur'gical Anat'omy, Medico-Chiurgical 
Anatomy, Topograph'leal Anat'omy, Re'gional 
Anat'omy, (F.) Anatomie Ghiurgicalc, A. des Re- 
gions, is the particular and relative study of the 
bones, muscles, nerves, vessels, &c., with which 
it is indispensable to be acquainted before per- 
forming operations. Compar'ative Anat'omy is 
the comparative study of each organ, with a view 
to an acquaintance with the modifications of its 
structure in different animals or in the different 
classes of animals. Transcendent'al or Philosoph- 
ical Anatomy inquires into the mode, plan, or 
model upon which the animal frame or organs 
are formed; and Artiji'cial Anat'omy is the art 
of modelling and representing in wax or other 
substance, the different organs or different parts 
of the human body, in the sound or diseased state. 
Phytot'omy is the anatomy of vegetables, and 
Picto'rial Anatomy, anatomy artistically illus- 
trated. 
Anatomy, Artificial, see Anatomy-a. Com- 
parative, see Anatomy, Zootomy-a. Descriptive, 
see Anatomy-a. Forensic, see Anatomy-a. Ge- 
neral, see Anatomy-a. Human, see Anatomy- 
a. of Man, see Anatomy-a. Medico-chirurgieal, 
see Anatomy-a. Microscopic, see Anatomy-a. 
Morbid, see Anatomy-a. Pathological, see Anat- 
omy-a. Philosophical, see Anatomy-a. Physi- 
ological, see Anatomy-a. Pictorial, see Anatomy 
-a. Practical, see Dissection-a. Regional, see 
Anatomy - a. Surgical, see Anatomy - a. Tex- 
tural, see Anatomy-a. Topographical, see Anat- 
omy-a. Transcendental, see Anatomy-a. Vet- 
erinary, see Anatomy. 
ANATON, Soda. 
ANATREPSIS, Restauratio. 
ANATRESIS, Perforation, Trepanning. 
ANATRIBE, Friction. 
ANATRIPSIS, Friction. 
ANATRIPSOL'OGY, Anatripsolog" ia, Ana- 
triptolog"ia, from ' friction,' and Xoyoj, 
'a discourse.' A treatise on friction as a re- 
medy. 
ANATRIPTOLOGIA, Anatripsology. 
ANATRON, Natrum, Soda. 
ANAT'ROPE, from ava, 'upwards,' and rptro, 
' I turn.' Subversion. A turning or subver- 
sion or inverted action of the stomach, charac- 
terized by nausea, vomiting, &c. - Galen. We 
still speak of the stomach turning against any 
thing. 
ANAUDIA, Catalepsy, Mutitas. 
ANAXYRIS, Rumex acetosa. 
ANAZESIS, Ebullition. 
ANAZOTURIA, see Urine. 
ANCHA, Haunch. 
ANCIIILOPS, 2Egilops. 
ANCHORALIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
ANCHUSA ANGUSTIFOLIA, A. Officinalis 
-a. Incarnata, A. Officinalis-a. Lycopsoides, A. 
Officinalis. 
Anchu'sa Officinalis, A. Angvstifo'lia seu 
Incarna'ta seu Lycopso'i'des, Alca'na, Lingna 
Bovis, Buglos'sum sylves'tre, Offic"inal or Garden 
Al'kanet or Bugloss; Nat. Ord. Boraginea?. Sex. 
Sy st. Pcntandria Monogynia. (F.) Buglose. 
A native of Great Britain. The herb was for- 
merly esteemed as a cordial in melancholia and 
hypochondriasis; but it is now rarely used. It 
is also called Buglos'sa, Buglos'sum angustijo'- 
Hum majus, B. vulga're majus, B. sati'vum. 
Anchu'sa Tincto'ria, Alcan'na spu'ria, Dy- 
er's Bugloss, Ane'bium, Buglos'sum Tincto'rum, 
Lithosper'mum villo'sum, Byer's Al'kanet, (F.) 
Orcanette. A European plant. The medical ANCHYLOSIS 
properties tire equivocal. It is used to give a 
beautiful red colour to ointments. 
ANCHYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
ANCISTRON, Hamulus. 
ANOOLIE, Aquilegia vulgaris. 
ANCON, Elbow, Olecranon. 
ANCON AD, see Anconal Aspect. 
ANCONAGRA, Pechyagra. 
ANCO'NAL; from nyreiai', 'the elbow.' Relat- 
ing. or appertaining to, the elbow or the olecranon. 
Anconal Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
on which the ancon or elbow is situated. - Bar- 
clay. Anco'nad is used by the same writer ad- 
verbially, to signify 'towards the anconal aspect.' 
A NOONE, Anconeus. 
ANCONE'US, from ayrcwv, 'the elbow.' A term 
once applied to every muscle attached to the ole- 
cranon. Winslow distinguished four :-the great, 
external, internal, and small; the first three being 
portions of the same muscle, the triceps brachia- 
lis. The last has, alone, retained the name. It 
is the Ancone'us minor of Winslow, the Ancone'us 
vel Cubita'lis Riola'ni of Douglas, the Epicon- 
dylo-Cubita'lis of Chaussier, the Brevis Cu'biti, 
(F.) and is sitnate at the upper and back 
part of the fore-arm. It arises from the external 
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into 
the posterior edge of the upper third of the ulna. 
Its use is to aid in the extension of the fore-arm. 
Anconevs Externus, see Triceps extensor 
cubiti - a. Internus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
- a. Major, see Triceps extensor cubiti. 
ANCTE'RES. Fibula or Clasps, by which 
the lips of wounds were formerly kept together. 
- Celsus, Galen. 
ANCTERIASMUS, Infibulation. 
ANCU'BITUS, Petrifac'tio. An affection of 
the eye, in which there is a sensation as if sand 
were irritating the organ. 
ANCUNNUEN'TAS. A name formerly given 
to menstruating females. 
ANGUS, An&wa, from ayKwv, 'the elbow.' One 
who cannot extend his arms completely. 
Also, the deformity resulting from a luxation 
of the humerus or fore-arm.-Hippocrates. 
ANCYLE, Ankylosis. 
ANCYLOBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
ANCYLODERE, Torticollis. 
ANCYLODERIS, Torticollis. 
ANCYLODONTIA, Ankylodontia. 
ANCYLOGLOSSIA, Ankyloglossia. 
ANCYLOMELE, Ankylomele. 
ANCYLOMERISMUS, Ankylomerismus. 
ANCYLOSIS, Ankylosis. 
ANCYLOTOMUS, Ankylotomus. 
ANCYRA, Hook. 
ANCYROID CAVITY, Digital cavity. 
ANCYROIDES PROCESSUS, Coracoid. 
ANDA. A tree of Brazil;-Anda Gome'sii, 
Joanne'sia princeps. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae. 
Bex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. An oil is 
obtained from the seeds by pressure, 50 to 60 
drops of which act as a cathartic. The fruit is 
an oval nut, containing two seeds. These have 
the taste of the chestnut; but are strongly ca- 
thartic, and even emetic. The shell is astrin- 
gent, and is used as such in diarrhoea, <tc. 
ANDELY, MINERAL WATERS OF. An- 
dely is in France, near Gysore, and eight leagues 
from Rouen. The water is cold, and a weak cha- 
lybeate. It is used in chlorosis and abdominal 
obstructions. 
ANDERSON'S PILLS, Pilulae Aloes et Ja- 
lapae. 
ANDIRA IBAI, Geoffrrea Vermifuga-a. In- 
ermis, Geoffrrea inennis-a. Racemosa, Geoffrrea 
inermis-a. Surinamensis, Geoffrrea Surinamensis. 
ANDRACHAIIARA, Sempervivum tectorum. 
72 
! ANEMONE DES BOIS 
ANDRACHNE, Arbutus unedo, Portulaca. 
ANDRANATOM'IA, Andranat'ome, Andro- 
tom'ia, Androt'ome, Anthropot'omy, from aviyp, 
genitive aidpoi, 'a man,'and reyvav, 'to cut.' The 
anatomy of man. 
ANDRI'A. Adult ago. Manhood. 
Andri'A Mu'lier, Mulier Hermaphrodit'ica. 
A female hermaphrodite. 
ANDROGEN'IA, from avpp, 'man,' and ytrraif, 
'generation.' The procreation of males. - Hip- 
pocrates. 
ANDROG"YNUS, from awip, 'a man,' and 
yvvri, ' a woman.' A hermaphrodite. An effe- 
minate person. - Hippocrates. 
ANDROLEPSIA, Conception. 
ANDROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
ANDROM'EDA ARBO'REA, Sorrel Tree, 
Sour Tree, Sour Wood, Elk Tree, Elk Wood, 
Sorrel Wood, Sour Leaf, (F.) Andromtdier. A 
small indigenous tree; Nat. Ord. Ericeae, Sex. 
Syst. Decandria Monogynia; found in the Alle- 
ghany Mountains and the hills and valleys di- 
verging from them, as far as the southern limits 
of Georgia and Alabama; but seldom north of 
Virginia. The leaves are refrigerant and astrin- 
gent, and have been used to make a kind of le- 
monade, which has been given in fevers. 
Androm'eda Maria'na, Broad-leaved Moor- 
wort. A decoction of this American plant is 
said to have been successfully employed as a 
wash, in a disagreeable affection,-not uncommon 
amongst the slaves in the southern parts of the 
United States,-called the Toe Itch, and Ground 
Itch. - Barton. 
ANDROPOGON BICORNIS, Juncus odoratus 
-a. Citratus, Juncus odoratus - a. Citriodorus, 
Juncus odoratus, Nardus Indica-a. Nardus, Ca- 
lamus Alexandrinus, Nardus Indica - a. Schoe- 
nanthus, Juncus odoratus. 
ANDROSACE, Umbilicus marinus - a. Mat- 
thioli, Umbilicus marinus. 
ANDR0S2EMUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
ANDROTOMY, Andranatomia. 
ANDRUM. An East India word, latinized 
by Kaempfer, signifying a kind of elephantiasis 
of the scrotum, endemic in southern Asia. 
AN&ANTISSEMENT (F.), Vir'ium extin c'- 
tio. This word is often employed hyperbolically, 
by patients in France, to signify excessive fatigue, 
debility or syncope. 
ANEBIUM, Anehusa tinctoria. 
ANEBUS, Impuber. 
E'TUS, from ai>, for avtv, 'without,' 
and iri>£<u, ' I promote suppuration.' That which 
does not suppurate, or is not likely to suppurate. 
ANEGER'TICA, from avryciptu, 'I awaken.' 
The art of resuscitating the apparently dead. 
ANEILE'MA, Aneile'w, from avtiXtadM, 'to 
be rolled upwards.' Applied particularly to the 
motion of air in the intestines and the tormina 
accompanying it. - Hippocrates. 
ANEILESIS, Aneilema. 
ANEMIA, Anaemia. 
ANEMO'NE. The Wind Flower: from artpoj, 
'the wind,'because it does not open its flowers 
until blown upon by the wind. 
ANEMONE DES BOIS, Anemone nemo- 
rosa. 
Anemone Collina, A. Pulsatilla-a. Hepatica, 
Hepatica triloba-a. Intermedia, A. Pulsatilla. 
Anemo'ne Nemoro'sa, llanun'culue albue seu 
nemoro'eus, Wood anem'ony, (F.) Anemone den 
bole. The herb and flowers are poisonous, acrid, 
and corrosive. They have been used as rube- 
facients. 
Anemo'ne Praten'sis, A. Sylves'trin, PulnatiV- 
la ni'gricane seu prateu'nin. This plant has si- ANEMONY 
milar properties with the last. It is also called 
Meadow Anemony, (F.) Pulsatille noire, P. des 
prts. 
Anemo'ne Pulsatill'la, A. Colli'na sen In- 
terme'dia sen Praten'sis seu Rubra, Pulsatil'la 
vulga'ris, Herba ventis, Nola culina'ria, Pasque 
Jlower, (F.) Coquelourde, possesses like proper- 
ties. 
Anemone Rubra, A. Pratensis-a. Rue-leaved, 
Thalictruin anemonoides-a. Sylvestris, A. Pra- 
tensis. 
ANEMONY, Anemone hepatica - a. Meadow, 
Anemone pratensis-a.Wood, Anemone nemorosa. 
ANEM08, Wind. 
ANENCEPHALIA, see Anencephalus. 
ANENCEPHALOTROPHIE, from av, priva- 
tive; £y/cc0aXoj, 'the encephalon,' and rpotpr), 'nou- 
rishment.' Atrophy of the encephalon. 
ANENCEPH'ALUS, from a, privative, and 
cy«£0aXos, ' brain.' A monster devoid of brain. 
- Bonetus. G. St. Hilaire. Also one that has 
a part only of the brain; - Paraceph'alus. The 
condition has been called Anencephal'ia. A weak, 
silly person. - Hippocrates. 
ANENERGESIA, Debility. 
ANENERGIA, Debility. 
ANENTERONERVIA, Colic. 
ANEPISCHESIS, Incontinentia. 
ANEPITHYM'IA, from a, priv., and ciriSvpaa, 
'desire.' Many nosologists have used this word 
for a loss of the appetites, as of those of hunger, 
thirst, venery, &c. 
Anepithymia Chlorosis, Chlorosis. 
ANER, aim?, genitive avtpo;. A man. 
ANERETHIS'IA, Inirriiabil'itas, from a, priv., 
and epcOiais, ' irritability.' Defect of irritability. 
- Swediaur. 
ANERYTHROP'SIA, from av, priv., epvSpos, 
' red,' and o-cis, 'vision.' Defective vision, which 
consists in an incapability of distinguishing red. 
ANESIS, Remission. 
ANESTHESIE, Anesthesia. 
A NESTHESIE EXTA TIQ UE. The aggre- 
gate of phenomena of impaired feeling produced 
especially by the manipulations of the animal 
magnetizer. - Andral. 
ANESTHETIC, Anaesthetic. 
ANESTHESIQUE, Anesthetic. 
ANESTHETIZATION, Anesthetization. 
ANESON, Anethum. 
ANESUM, Pimpinella anisum. 
ANET, Anethum. 
ANETH, Anethum graveolens. 
ANE'THUM, Ane'son, Ane'tbn, Ane'thum Foe- 
nic'ulum seu Sege'tum seu Piperi'tum, Foenic'ulum, 
F. Officinale, F. vulga're, F. Dulce, Ligus'ticum 
fcenic'ulum, Fan'culum, Fennel or Finckle, Mar'- 
athrum, Anet, Sweet Fennel, (F.) Fenouil ou 
Ant« doux. Nat. Ord. Umbellifere. Sex. Syst. 
Pentandria Digynia. The seeds Foenic'ulum, 
(Ph. U. S.) have an aromatic odour, and warm, 
sweetish taste. They are carminative. The oil 
Oleum Foenic'uli - is officinal in the Ph.U. S. 
The root is said to be pectoral and diuretic. 
Anethum Fceniculum, Anethum. 
Ane'thum Graveolens, Anethum, Pastina'ca 
Anethum seu Graveolens, Fer'ula Graveolens, A. 
horten'se, Dill, (F.) Anet h, Fenouil puant. A na- 
tive of the south of Europe. The seeds are sti- 
mulant and carminative. Dose, gr. xv to £j. 
Oleum Ane'thi, Oil of Dill, (F.) Huile d'Aneth, 
possesses the carminative properties of the plant. 
Anethum PaStinaca, Pastinaca Sativa - a. 
Piperitum, Anethum-a. Segetum, Anethum. 
ANETICUS, Anodyne. 
ANETON, Anethum. 
73 
! ANEURISM 
ANETUS, Intermittent fever - a. Quartanng, 
Quartan - a. Quotidianus, Quotidian-a. Tertia- 
nus, Tertian fever. 
ANEURAL'GICON, from a, privative, vtvpov, 
' nerve and aXyoj, ' pain.' A name given by Dr. 
C. T. Downing to an instrument used by him to 
allay pain in nerves. It is a kind of fumigating 
apparatus, in which dried narcotic and other 
herbs are burnt, the heated vapour being directed 
to any part of the body. 
AN'EURISM, Aneurys'ma, Aneurys'mus, Aneu- 
ris'ma, Gedma, from avnpvvciv, 'to dilate or dis- 
tend.' Dilata'tio Arteria'rum, Ecta'sia, Embo- 
rys'ma, Exangi'a aneuris'ma, Arterieurys'ma, Ar- 
tereurys'ma, Hcematoce'le arterio'sa, Absces'sus 
spirituo'sus, Arteriec'tasis, (F.) Anevrysme, Aneu- 
risme. Properly, Aneurism signifies a tumour, 
produced by the dilatation of an artery; but it has 
been extended to various lesions of arteries, as 
well as to dilatations of the heart. 
There are various kinds of aneurism. The fol- 
lowing are the chief. 
I. When the blood, which forms the tumour, is 
enclosed within the dilated coats of the artery. 
This is the true Aneurism, Aneurys'ma verum, 
Hernia Arteria'rum, (F.) Anevrysme vrai. 
II. When the blood has escaped from the 
opened artery, it is called spurious or false 
Aneurism, Aneuris'ma spu'rium, Ruptu'ra Arte'- 
ria, Arteriorrhex'is, Arteriodial'ysis, Ecchymo'- 
ma arterio'sum, (F.) Anevrysme faux. The latter 
is divided into three varieties. 
1. Diffused False Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme 
faux, primitif, diffus, noncirconscrit ou par infil- 
tration, w'hich occurs immediately after the divi- 
sion or rupture of an artery, and consists of an 
extravasation of blood into the areolar texture 
of the part. 
2. Circumscribed False Aneurism, (F.) Anbu- 
ry sme, faux consecutif, circonscrit oupar fpanche- 
ment, enkysti ou sacciforme, tumeur himorrkagiale 
circonserite, in which the blood issues from the 
vessel some time after the receipt of the wound, 
and forms itself a sac in the neighbouring areolar 
membrane. 
3. An'eurism by Anastomo'sis, or Var'icose An' 
eurism, Plilebarteriodial'ysis, Aneurys'ma veno'- 
so-arterio'sum, A. varico'sum, (F.) Anevrysme par 
anastomose ou variqueux, A. par frosion, A. de 
Pott, A. des plus petites arteres, which arises from 
the simultaneous wounding of an artery and 
vein;-the arterial blood passing into the vein, 
and producing a varicose state of it. 
III. Mixed Aneurism, (F.) Anevrysme mixte, 
is that which arises from the dilatation of one or 
two of the coats, with division or rupture of the 
other. Some authors have made two varieties 
of this. 
1. Mixed external Aneurism, where the internal 
and middle coats are ruptured, and the areolar 
is dilated. 
2. Mixed internal Aneurism, in which the in- 
ternal coat is dilated, and protrudes, like a hernial 
sac, through the ruptured middle and outer eoat&. 
This variety has been called Aneurys'ma Her'- 
niam Arte'rice sistens. 
Aneurisms have been likewise termed trau- 
mat'ic and spontaneous, according as they may 
have been caused by a wound, or have originated 
spontaneously. They have also been divided 
into internal and external. 
The internal aneurisms are situate in the great 
splanchnic cavities, and occur in the heart and 
great vessels of the chest, abdomen, 4c. Their 
diagnosis is difficult, and they are often inacces- 
sible to surgical treatment. 
The external aneurisms are situate at the exte ANEURISMA 
rior of the head, neck, and limbs, and are dis- 
tinctly pulsatory. 
Aneurisms, especially the internal, may be 
combated by a debilitant treatment, on the plan 
of Valsalva, which consists in repeated blood- 
letting, with food enough merely to support life. 
In external aneurism, the artery can be oblite- 
rated. This is usually done by applying a liga- 
ture above the aneiirismal tumour. 
Aneurism, Dissecting, is one in which, owing 
to rupture of the inner and middle coats of an 
artery, the blood makes itself a channel between 
these coats and the outer coat. 
In many cases, the lesion appears to consist in 
a separation of the laminte of the middle coat, 
between which the blood forms itself a channel. 
Aneurisms of the Heart, Cardion'chi, Car- 
dieurys'ma, (F.) Anlvry«me» du coeur, have been 
divided into active and passive. The former can 
scarcely be esteemed aneurisms, as they most 
commonly consist of increased thickness of the 
parietes of the heart, which diminishes its cavity 
instead of increasing it. The term Hypertrophy 
of the heart, better indicates their character. 
Passive aneurism, Cardiec'tasis, on the contrary, 
is attended with extenuation of the parietes of 
the organ, and enlargement of the cavities. The 
physical signs of dilatation of the heart are the 
following :-The action of the heart is not visible, 
and no impulse is conveyed to the hand. On 
percussion, there is a loss of resonance over a 
larger surface than usual, but the dulness is much 
less intense than that which accompanies hyper- 
trophy. On auscultation, the action of the heart 
is only slightly felt, and communicates at once 
the impression of its diminished power. The 
impulse is feebler than usual. Both sounds are 
widely transmitted over the thorax, and are not 
much fainter at a distance from their point of 
origin. 
Partial or true aneurism of the heart-Cardi- 
es'tasis partia'lis, Aneurys'ma consecuti'vum cor- 
dis, is sometimes seen,-rarely, however. 
The name Aneurism of the Valves of the heart 
has been given to pouch-like projections of the 
valves into the auricles. 
Aneurism by Anastomosis, see Aneurism - 
a. Brasdor's operation for, see Brasdor-a. Ex- 
ternal, see Aneurism - a. False, see Aneurism - 
a. False, circumscribed, see Aneurism-a. False, 
diffused, see Aneurism-a. Internal, see Aneurism 
-a. Mixed, see Aneurism-a. Mixed, external, see 
Aneurism-a. Mixed, internal, see Aneurism-a. 
Spontaneous, see Aneurism - a. Spurious, see 
Aneurism-a. Traumatic, see Aneurism-a. True, 
see Aneurism-a. Valsalva's method of treating, 
see Aneurism - a. Varicose, see Aneurism. 
ANEURISMA, Aneurism. 
ANEURIS'MAL, Aneurys'mal, Aneurismat'ic, 
Aiieurysmat'icus, Aneurisma'lis. That which be- 
longs to Aneurism. 
Aneurismal Sac or Cyst, (F.) Sac ou Kyste 
anevrysmal, is a sort of pouch, formed by the 
dilatation of the coats of an artery, in which the 
blood, forming the aneurismal tumour, is con- 
tained. 
ANEURISMATIC, Aneurismal. 
ANEURYSM, Aneurism. 
ANEURYSMA, Aneurism-a. Cordis activum, 
Heart, hypertrophy of the - a. Herniam arteriae 
sistens, see Aneurism-a. Spurium, see Aneurism 
- a. Varicosum, see Aneurism - a. Venoso-arte- 
riosum, see Aneurism-a. Verum, see Aneurism. 
ANEUR YSME, Aneurism. 
ANEURYSMUS, Aneurism, Dilatation. 
ANEVRYSME, Aneurism - a. de I'Aorte, 
Aortcurysma-a. Circonscrit, see Aneurism - a. 
de Pott, see Aneurism-a. des Plus petites artlSres, 
74 
I ANGEIORRHCEA 
see Aneurism-a. Biffus, see Aneurism - a. En- 
kystf see Aneurism - a. Faux, see Aneurism - 
a. Faux consecutif, see Aneurism - a. Jfix'e, see 
Aneurism-a. par Anastomose, see Aneurism-a. 
par Epanchement, see Aneurism-a. par Erosion, 
see Aneurism - a. par Infiltration, see Aneurism 
a. Primitif, see Aneurism - a. Sacciforme, see 
Aneurism-a. Variqueux, see Aneurism-a. Vrai, 
see Aneurism. 
ANFION, Maslach. 
ANFRACTUOSITES CEREBRALES, An- 
fractuosities, cerebral-a. Ethmoidales, see An- 
fractuosity. 
ANFRACTUOS'ITY, Anfrac'tus, Gyrus, from 
am, 'around/ and frangere, fraction, 'to break.' 
A groove or furrow. Used in anatomy to signify 
sinuous depressions or sulci, of greater or less 
depth, like those which separate the convolutions 
of the brain from each other. These 
Anfractuosities, Cerebral, Anfrac'tus Cer'- 
ebri, Gyri Cer'ebri, Intestin'ula Cer'ebri, (F.) 
AnfractuositHs Cerebrates, are always narrow, and 
deeper at the upper surface of the brain than at 
its base; and are lined by a prolongation of the 
pia mater. 
The Ethmoid Cells are, sometimes, called An- 
fractuosites ethmoidales. 
ANFRACTUS, Anfractuosity-a. Cerebri, An- 
fractuosities (cerebral.) 
ANGECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
ANGEIAL, Vascular. 
ANGEIECTASIA, Angiectasis. 
ANGEIECTASIS, Angiectasis. 
ANGEIECTOMA, Angiectasis. 
ANGEIOG'RAPHY, Angeio- 
graph'ia, from ayyziov, 'a vessel/ and ypaipi, 'a 
description/ The anatomy of the vessels. 
ANGEIOHYDROG'RAPHY, Angiohydrog'- 
raphy, Angeiondrog'raphy, Angeiohydrogra'phta, 
Hydrangiograph'ia,from ayyziov, ' a vessel/ 'vtwp, 
' water/ and ' I describe.' A treatise on 
the lymphatics. 
ANGEIOIIYDROT'OMY, Angiohydrot' omy, 
Angeiondrot'omy, Angeiohydrotom'ia, Hydran- 
giotom'ia, from ayyziov, 'a vessel/ 'txiwp, 'water,' 
and rzpziv, ' to cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
ANGEIOLEUCI'TIS, Angioleuci'tis, Lym- 
phangei'tis, Lymphangi'tis, Lymphangioi'tis, Ily- 
drangei'tis, Lymphi'tis, Lymphati'tis, Inflamma'- 
tio vaso'rum lymphatico'rum, from ayyziov, 'a 
vessel/ \cvkos, 'white/ and inflammation. 
(F.) Inflammation des vaisseaux lymphatiques ou 
des tissue blancs. Inflammation of the lympha- 
tics : lymphatic or scrofulous inflammation. 
ANGEIOL'OGY, Angiol'ogy, Angeiolog"ia, 
from ayyziov, 'a vessel/ and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' 
A discourse on the vessels. The anatomy of the 
vessels. It includes Arteriol'ogy, Phlebol'ogy, 
and Angeiohydrol'ogy. 
ANGEIOMALA'CIA, Angiomata'cia ; from 
ayyziov, ' a vessel,' and ga\aKia, 'softening.' Mol- 
lescence or softening of vessels. 
ANGEIOMYCES, Ilaematodes fungus. 
ANGEION, Vessel. 
ANGEIONDROGRAPIIY, Angeiohydrogra- 
pty- 
ANGEIONDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
ANGEIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
ANGEIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
ANGEIOPATHI'A, AnyioymtAt'a, Angeion'- 
osus, Angeionu'eue, Angio'sis, from ayyziov, ' a 
vessel/ and raOo$, ' a disease.' Disease of the 
vessels. 
ANGEIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
ANGEIOPYRA, Synocha. 
ANGEIORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia activa. 
ANGEIORRIKE'A, (F.) Angeiorrh.ee ; from ANGEIOSIS 
«yy«ov, 'a vessel/ and pew, 'I flow? Passive 
hemorrhage. 
ANGEIOSIS, Angiosis. 
ANGEIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
ANGEIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
ANGEIOSTEO'SIS, Angiosto'sis, from ayyeiov, 
'a vessel/ and oareo>at$, 'ossification.' Ossifica- 
tion of vessels. 
ANGEIOSTROPHE, see Torsion. 
ANGEIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
ANGEIOT'OMY, Angiot'omy, Angeiotom'ia, 
from ayyeiov, ' a vessel/ and rcyveiv, ' to cut.' 
Dissection of vessels. 
ANGEI'TIS, Angii'tis, Angioi'tis, Inflamma'- 
tio vaso'rum, (F.) Angeite. Inflammation of ves- 
sels in general. 
ANGELIC ROOT, Angelica lucida. 
ANGEL'ICA, Angel'ica Archangel' ica seu 
Hispa'na seu Sati'va, Archangel'ica officina'lis, 
Garden Angelica, (F.) Angelique,Racine de Saint 
Esprit. So called from its supposed angelic vir- 
tues. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Digynia. Native of Lapland. The roots, 
stalk, leaves, and seed, are aromatic and carmi- 
native. A sweetmeat is made of the root, which 
is agreeable. 
Angelica Archangelica, Angelica. 
Angel'ica Atropurpu'rea, Angelica (Ph. 
U. S.) Masterwort. An indigenous species, grow- 
ing over the whole United States, and admitted 
into the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
the United States. Virtues, same as those of 
the Angelica of Europe. 
Angelica Levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum. 
Angelica Lu'cida, Angelic root, Bellyache 
root, Nendo, White root, an indigenous plant, the 
root of which is bitterish, subacrid, fragrant, 
aromatic, stomachic, and tonic. 
Angelica Officinalis, Imperatoria-a. Palu- 
dapifolia, Ligusticum levisticum-a. Sativa, An- 
gelica, A. sylvestris. 
Angel'ica Sylves'tris, A. sati'va, Seli'num 
Sy Ives' tre seu Angel'ica seu Pubes'cens, Impera- 
to'ria Sylvcs'tres seu Angelica, Wild Angel'ica, 
(F.) Angelique sauvage. Possesses similar pro- 
perties to the last, but in an inferior degree. The 
seeds, powdered and put into the hair, are used 
to destroy lice. 
Angelica Sylvestris, Ligusticum podagraria 
-a. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
ANGELI'NAl CORTEX. The bark of a 
Grenada tree, which has been recommended as 
anthelmintic and cathartic. 
ANGELIQUE, Angelica-a. Sauvage, Angel- 
ica sylvestris. 
ANGELOCACOS, Myrobalanus. 
ANGEMPHRAXIS, Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIDIECTASIA, Trichangiectasia. 
ANGIDIOSPONGUS, Hasmatodes fungus. 
ANGIECTASIA VENOSA, Varix 
ANGIEC'TASIS, Angeiecta'sia, Angecta'sia, 
Angicurys'ma, Angeiecto'ma, from ayyeiov, ' a 
vessel/ and eKraais, ' dilatation.' Any dilatation 
of vessels.-Grafe and Alibert. Telangiectasia. 
ANGIEMPIIRAX'IS, Angemphrax'is, Angei- 
osteno'sis, Angeiostegno'sis, from ayyeiov, ' a ves- 
sel/ and cjjoppal-is, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of 
vessels. 
ANGIEURYSMA, Angiectasis. 
ANGIITE, Inflammation, Angeitis. 
ANGIITIS, Angeitis. 
ANGI'NA, Felris Angino'sa, Isthmi'tis, Quin- 
sy or Sore Throat; from angere, 'to suffocate.' 
Inflammation of the supra-diaphragmatic portion 
of the alimentary canal, and of the air passages. 
The Latin writers applied the term to every dis- 
ease in which deglutition or respiration, sepa- 
rately or united, was affected, provided that such 
75 
ANGINA 
affection was above the stomach and lungs.- 
Boerhaave speaks of the angina of the moribund, 
which is nothing more than the dysphagia or 
difficult deglutition preceding death. See Cy- 
nanche. 
Angina Aphthosa, Aphthae-a. Aquosa, (Ede- 
ma of the glottis - a. Bronchialis, Bronchitis-a. 
Canina, Cynanche trachealis - a. Cordis, Angina 
pectoris-a. cum Tumore, Cynanche tonsillaris- 
a. Epidemica, Cynanche maligna - a. Epiglot- 
tidea, Epiglottitis-a Erysipelatosa, Erythranche 
a. Exudatoria, Cynanche trachealis-a. Externa, 
Cynanche parotidasa-a. Faucium, Isthmitis-a. 
Faucium Maligna, Cynanche maligna - a. Folli- 
culosa of the pharynx, Pharyngitis, follicular-a. 
Gangrsenosa, Cynanche maligna - a. llumida, 
Cynanche trachealis-a. Inflaminatoria, Cynan- 
che, Cynanche trachealis - a. Laryngea, Laryn- 
gitis - a. Laryngea (Edematosa, (Edema of the 
glottis-a. Linguaria, Glossitis-a. Maligna, An- 
gina pellicularis, Cynanche maligna, Pharyngitis, 
diphtheritic - a. Maxillaris, Cynanche parotidsea 
- a. Membranacea, Cynanche trachealis-a. 
Mitis, Isthmitis. 
Angi'na Nasa'lis, Nasi'tis posti'ca. An in- 
flammation of the posterior portion of the Schnei- 
derian membrane lining the nose. Also, Coryza. 
Angi'na (Edemato'sa, (F.) Angine oedema- 
teuse, (Edeme de la Glotte. An oedematous swell- 
ing of the glottis ; the effect of chronic cynanche 
laryngea. See (Edema of the Glottis. 
Angina Palatina, Hyperoitis - a. Paralytica, 
Pharyngoplegia-a. Parotideea Externa, Cynan- 
che parotidae a. 
Angi'na Pec'toris, A. cordis, Sternal'gia, 
Asthma spas'tico-arthrit'icum incon'stans, Asthma 
diaphragmat'icum, Arthri'tis diaphragmatica, 
Orthopnoe'a cardi'aca, Sternodyn'ia syncop'tiea 
et pal'pitans, S. syncopa'lis, Gardiog'mus cordis 
sinis'tri, Astheni'a pectora'lis, Angor pec'toris, 
Stenocar' dia, Diaphragmatic gout. Asthma con- 
vulsi'vum, Asthma arthrit'icum, Cardioneural'gia, 
Nearul'gia brachiothorac"ica, Hypercesthe'sia 
plexus cardi'aci, A. dolorif'icum, Syn'copi angi- 
no'sa seu angens, Cardiod'yne spasmod'ica inter- 
mit'tens, Pnigopho'bia, Prunel'la, Suspir'ium 
cardi'acum, PneumonaVgia, Suff'ocative Breast- 
pang, (F.) Angine de Poitrine, Nevrose d'u Occur. 
A disease, the precise pathology of which is not 
known. The principal symptoms are, violent 
pain about the sternum, extending towards the 
arms; anxiety, dyspnoea, and sense of suffoca- 
tion. It is an affection of great danger, and is 
often connected with ossification, or other morbid 
condition of the heart. It appears to be neuropa- 
thic, and has been termed Neuralgia of the Heart. 
Some, however, employ this last term for an 
acutely painful intermittent affection of the heart, 
which seems to differ from angina pectoris more 
in regard to the small number of parts which are 
drawn into morbid consent with the affected car- 
diac nerves, than in regard either to its nature 
or appropriate treatment. The most powerful 
stimulating and narcotic antispasmodics are re- 
quired during the paroxysm. 
Angi'na Pellicula'ris, A. malig'na, Dipthe- 
ri'tis of the throat. A name given to those in- 
flammations about the throat, in which exuda- 
tions or false membrimes are thrown out, during 
the phlogosis of the mucous membranes. Aphtha, 
Tracheitis, when accompanied with the membra- 
niform exudation, are, with some, examples of 
diphtheritic inflammation. 
Angina Perniciosa, Cynanche trachealis-a. 
Pestilentialis, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic-a. Poly- 
posa, Cynanche trachealis-a. Polyposa seu mem- 
branacea, Cynanche trachealis-a. Pseudo-mera- 
branosa, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic-a. Pulposa, ANGINE GUT TUR ALE 
Cynanehe trachealis-a. Sanguinea, Cynanche 
tonsillaris. 
Angina Sicca, (F.) Angine seche, is a chronic 
inflammation of the pharynx, with a distressing 
sense of dryness and heat, in chronic diseases of 
the stomach and lungs. See Psedanchone. 
Angina Simplex, Isthmitis. 
Angina Squirro'sa, (F.) Angine sqnirreuse, 
consists in difficulty of deglutition, caused by 
scirrhous disorganization of the pharynx or oeso- 
phagus, or by enlarged tonsils. 
Angina Strangulatoria, Cynanche trache- 
alis-a. Strepitosa, Cynanche trachealis-a. Suf- 
focatoria, Cynanche trachealis - a. Synochalis, 
Cynanche tonsillaris - a. Thyreoidea, Thyreoitis 
- a. Tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris - a. Tra- 
chealis, Cynanche trachealis-a. Ulcerosa, Cy- 
nancbe maligna-a. Uvularis, Staphyloedema, 
Uvulitis - a. Vera et Legitima, Cynanche ton- 
ANGINE GUTTURALE, Cynanche tonsil- 
laris- a. Laryngee, Laryngitis - a. Laryngee et 
trachiale, Cynanche trachealis-a. Laryngee oede- 
mqteuse, (Edema of the glottis-a. (Esophagienne, 
(Esophagitis-a. Pharyngee, Cynanche parotidaea 
-a. de Poitrine, Angina pectoris-a. Seche, An- 
gina sicca-a. Simple, Isthmitis - a. Squirreuse, 
Angina Squirrosa-a. Tonsillaire, Cynanche ton- 
sillaris. 
ANGINEUX, Anginosa. 
ANGINO'SA, (F.) Angineux. That which is 
accompanied with angina; as Scarlati'na angi- 
na'sa. 
ANGIOCARDI'TIS, from ayyetov, 'a vessel,' 
and carditis, 'inflammation of the heart.' In- 
flammation of the heart and great vessels. 
ANGIOGRAPHY, Angeiography. 
ANGIOHEMIE, Hyperm mia. 
ANGIOHYDROGRAPHY, Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 
ANGIOHYDROTOMY, Angeiohydrotomy. 
ANGIOITIS, Angeitis. 
ANGIOLEUCITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
ANGIOLOGY, Angeiology. 
ANGIOMALACIA, Angeiomalacia. 
ANGIOMYCES, Hmmatodes fungus. 
ANGIONOSUS, Angeiopathia. 
ANGIONUSUS, Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPATHIA, Angeiopathia. 
ANGIOPLEROSIS, Plethora. 
ANGIOPYRA, Synocha. 
ANGIO'SIS, from ayyuov, 'a vessel.' Angela'- 
sis, Angeiopathi'a. Under this term Alibert in- 
cludes every disease of the blood vessels. 
ANGIOSTEGNOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIOSTENOSIS, Angiemphraxis. 
ANGIOSTOSIS, Angeiostosis. 
ANGIOSTROPHE, See Torsion. 
ANGIOTELECTASIA, Telangiectasia. 
ANGIOTEN'IC, Angeioten'ic, Angioten'icus 
Beu Angeioten'icus, from ayyctov, 'a vessel,' and 
retvtiv, ' to extend.' An epithet given to inflam- 
matory fever, owing to its action seeming to be 
chiefly exerted on the vascular system. 
ANGIOTOMY, Angeiotomy. 
ANGLE, An'g ulus, from ayxvAos, 'a hook.' 
The space between two lines which meet in a 
point. 
Angle, Fa'cial, pointed out by Camper, is 
formed by the union of two lines, one of which 
is drawn from the most prominent part of the 
forehead to the alveolar edge of the upper jaw, 
opposite the incisor teeth - the facial line - and 
the other irom the meatus auditorius externus to 
the same point of the jaw. According to the 
nize of the angle it has been attempted to appre- 
ciate the respective proportions of the cranium 
and face, and, to a certain extent, the degree of 
76 
5 ANGULAR 
intelligence of individuals and of animals. In 
the white varieties of the species, this angle is 
generally 80°; in the negro not more than 70°, 
and sometimes only 65°. As we descend the 
scale of animals, the angle becomes less and less; 
until, in fishes, it nearly or entirely disappears. 
Animals which have the snout long, and facial 
angle small, such as the snipe, crane, stork, <tc., 
are proverbially foolish, at least they are so 
esteemed; whilst intelligence is ascribed to those 
in which the angle is more largely developed, as 
the elephant and the owl. In these last animals, 
however, the large facial angle is caused by the 
size of the frontal sinuses :-so that this mode of 
appreciating the size of the brain is very inexact, 
and cannot be depended upon. 
The following is a table of the angle in man 
and certain animals: 
FACIAL ANGLES. 
Man.from 68° to 88° and more. 
Sapajou 65 
Orang-Utang56 to 58 
Guenon 57 
Mandrill■30 to 42 
Coati 28 
Pole-cat 31 
Pug-dog 35 
Mastiff 41 
Hare 30 
Ram 30 
Horsei 23 
Angle, Occipital, of Daubenton, is formed 
by a line drawn from the posterior margin of the 
foramen magnum to the inferior margin of the 
orbit, and another drawn from the top of the 
head to the space between the occipital condyles. 
In man, these condyles, as well as the foramen 
magnum, are so situate, that a line drawn per- 
pendicular to them would be a continuation of 
the spine; but in animals they are placed more 
or less obliquely; and the perpendicular is neces- 
sarily thrown farther forward, and the angle ren- 
dered more acute. 
Angle, Optic, (F.) Angle optique, is the angle 
formed by two lines, which shave the extremities 
of an object, and meet at the centre of the pupil. 
ANGOISSE, Angor. 
ANGOLAM. A very tall Malabar tree, which 
possesses vermifuge properties. 
AN'GONE, Prcefoca'tio Fau'cium sen Uteri'na 
seu Matri'cis, Strangula'tio uteri'na, Sujfoca'tif 
uteri'na seu hyeter'ica, Globus hyster'icus, Or- 
thopnoe'a hyeter'ica, Dyspha'gia globo'sa, D. hys- 
ter'ica, Nervous Quinsy. A feeling of strangu- 
lation, with dread of suffocation. It is common 
in hysterical females, and is accompanied with a 
sensation as if a ball arose from the abdomen to 
the throat. 
ANGOR, Anguish, (F.) Angoisse. Extreme 
anxiety, accompanied with painful constriction 
at the epigastrium, and often with palpitation 
and oppression. It is frequently an unfavour- 
able symptom. 
Angor, Agony, Orthopnoea-a. Faucium, Isth- 
mitis-a. Pectoris, Angina pectoris. 
ANGOS, Bubo, Uterus, Vessel. 
ANGOURION, Cucumis sativus. 
ANGUIS, Serpent. 
ANGUISH, Angor. 
Anguish, Febrile, Angor Febri'lis. The com- 
bination of weariness, pain, anxiety, and weak- 
ness affecting the head and neck, which is so ge- 
nerally observed at the commencement of fever. 
ANGULAIRE DE L'OMOPLATE, Levator 
scapulae. 
AN'GULAR, Angula'ris, from angulus, 'an 
angle,' (F.) Angulaire. That which relates to 
an angle. 
Angular Artery and Vein. A name given, ANGULARIS 
1. to the termination of the facial artery and 
vein, because they pass by the greater angle of 
the eye; and, 2. to the facial artery and vein 
themselves, because they pass under the angle 
of the jaw. See Facial. 
Angular Nerve is a filament furnished by 
the inferior maxillary, which passes near the 
greater angle of the eye. 
Angular Processes of the frontal bone are 
seated near the angles of the eyes. See Orbitar. 
ANGULARIS, Levator scapulae. 
A NG ULI- S CAP UL 0 - HUMERAL, Teres 
maj or. 
ANGULUS OCULARIS, Canthus. 
ANGURIA, Cueurbita citrullus. 
ANGUSTATIO, Arctatio-a. Cordis, Systole- 
a. Intestini recti vel ani, Stricture of the rectum. 
ANGUS'TIA, Angusta'tio, Stenocho'ria. Anx- 
iety, narrowness, strait, constriction. 
Angustia Abdominalis, Pelvis, (Brim) - a. 
Perinmalis, Pelvis, (Outlet.) 
ANGUSTURA, Cusparia febrifnga-a. False, 
Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos nux vo- 
mica- a. Spuria, Brucea antidysenterica, and 
Strychnos. 
ANGUSTURE, FAUSSE, Brucea antidysen- 
terica- a. Ferrugineuse, Brucea antidysenterica 
-a. Vraie, Cusparia febrifnga. 
ANH.EMATOSIA, Asphyxia, Anaemia. 
ANHJEMIA, Anaemia. 
ANHAPHIA, Anaphia. 
ANHELA'TIO, from anhelo, 'I pant.' An- 
hel'itns, Aas'mus, Panting, Anhelation, (F.) Es- 
toufflement. Short and rapid breathing. See 
Dyspnoea. 
Anhelatio is sometimes employed synony- 
mously with asthma. 
ANHELITUS, Breath. 
ANHIS'TOUS, from a, av, privative, and 'ivro;, 
'organic texture,' 'Anorganic.' Amor'phw. The 
tunica decidua uteri is termed by Velpeau the 
anhistons membrane. 
ANHUIBA, Laurus sassafras. 
An®»iyd'ria, from av, pri- 
vative, v<5wp, 'water,' and 'aiga, 'blood.' A con- 
dition of the blood in which there is a diminution 
in the quantity of the serum. 
ANICE'TON, Anice'tum, Mesia'mum, from a, 
privative, and vikti, 'victory,' 'invincible.' A 
plaster much extolled by the ancients in cases 
of achores. It was formed of litharge, cerusse, 
thus, alum, turpentine, white pepper, and oil. 
AN I'DE US, from av, privative, and cibos, 
'shape.' Amorphus. A monster devoid of shape. 
-J. G. St. Hilaire. 
ANIDRO'SIS, from a, privative, and 'ilpws, 
'sweat.' Sudo'ris nul'litas vel priva'tio. Ab- 
sence of sweat. Deficiency of perspiration.- 
Hippocrates. 
ANILEMA, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
ANILESIS, Borborygmus, Tormina. 
ANILITAS, see Dementia. 
AN'IMA, An'tmtM, Menu, Psyche. The mind, 
breath, &c., from avepo;, 'wind or breath.' (F.) 
Arne. The principle of the intellectual and moral 
manifestations. Also, the principle of life :-the 
life of plants being termed An'ima vegetati'va, 
(F.) Arne vegetative ; that of man, An'ima sensi- 
ti'va, (F.) A me sensitive. 
The Anima of Stahl, An'ima Stahlia'na, was a 
fancied intelligent principle, which he supposed 
to preside over the phenomena of life, - like the 
Archceus of Van Helmont. 
Under the term Anima mundi, the ancient phi- 
losophers meant a universal Spirit, which they 
supposed spread over every part of the uni- 
verse. 
77 
ANIMAL 
The precise seat of the mind in the brain has 
given rise to many speculations. The point is 
unsettled. 
With the ancient chemists, Anima meant the 
active principle of a drug separated by some 
chemical management. 
Anima Aloes : see Aloes, Succotorina-a. Ar- 
ticulorum, Hermodactylus-a. Ilepatis, Ferri sul- 
phas-a. Pulmonum, Crocus - a. Rhei, Infusum 
rhei-a. Stahliana, see Anima-a. Vegetativa, 
Plastic force. 
AN'IMAL, Zoon. A name given to every ani- 
mated being. The greater part of animals have 
the power of locomotion; some can merely exe- 
cute partial movements, such as contraction and 
dilatation. In other respects it is often a matter 
of difficulty to determine what is an animal 
characteristic. The study of animals is called 
Zool'ogy. 
An'imal, (adjective,) Anima'h*. That which 
concerns, or belongs to, an animal. 
Animal Heat, Calor anima'lis, C. nati'mis, 
Cal'idum anima'le, C. inna'tum, Biolych'nion, 
Flam'mula vita'Us, Therma em'phytum, Thermwn 
em'phytum, lynis anima'lis seu natura'lis seu 
vita'Us, (F.) Chaleur animale, is the caloric con- 
stantly formed by the body of a living animal, 
by virtue of which it preserves nearly the same 
temperature, whatever may be that of the me- 
dium in which it is placed. This formation 
seems to take place over the whole of the body, 
and to be connected with the action of nutrition. 
The following are the natural temperatures of 
certain animals; that of man being 98° or 100°. 
Arctic Fox 107 
Arctic Wolf 
Squirrel 
Animals. Temperatures. 
Hare 
Whale 
105 
104 
Arctomys citillus, zizil - in summer 103 
Do. when torpid, 80 to 84 
Goat, 103 
Bat, in summer, 
Musk 
Marmota bobac,-Bobac.................... 101 or 102 
House mouse, 101 
Arctomys marmota, marmot,-in summer,.. 101 or 102 
Do. when torpid 43 
Rabbit100 to 104 
Polar Bear 100 
102 
Dog 
Cat, 
Swine, 
Sheep 
Ox, 
100 to 103 
Guinea pig, 100 to 102 
Arctomys glis,<. 99 
Shrew, 98 
Voung wolf, 96 
Fringilla arctica, jlrctic finch, 
Rubecola, redbreast 
111 
Fringilla linaria, lesser red poll,110 or 111 
Falco palumbariiis, goshawk, 
Capriniulgus Europteus, European goat- 
sucker, .v 
Einberiza nivalis, snow-bunting,109 to 110 
100 
Falco lanarius, tanner, 
Fringilla carduelis, goldfinch, 
Corvus corax, raven. 
Turdus, thrush, (of Ceylon,) 
Tetrao perdix, partridge, 
109 
Anas clypeata, shoveler, 
Tringa pugnax, ruffe, 
Scolopax, limosa, lesser godwit,... 
Tetrao tetrix, grouse, 
Fringilla brumalis, winterfinch, 
Loxia pyrrhula, 
Falco nisus, sparrowhawk, 
Vultiir barbatus 
108 
A riser pulchricollis, 
Colymbus auritus, dusky grebe 
Tringa vanellus, lapwing, wounded 
Tetrao lagopus, ptarmigan 
107 
Fringilla domestica, house sparrow,107 to 111 ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA 
Animals. Temperature. 
78 
ANKYLOSIS 
of medicated wine, formerly prepared with honey, 
wine of Ascalon, and aniseed. 
ANISCALPTOR, Latissimus dorsi. 
ANISCIIURIA, Enuresis. 
ANISE, Pimpinella anisum-a. Star, Illicium 
anisatum, I. Floridanum-a. Tree, Florida, Illi- 
cium Floridanum-a. Tree, yellow-flowered, Illi- 
cium anisatum. 
ANISEED, see Pimpinella anisum. 
ANISI SEMINA, see Pimpinella anisum. 
ANISO'DUS LU'RIDUS, Nican'dra anom'- 
ala, Phy'salis stramo'nium, Whitt e'ya stramo'ni- 
folia A plant of Nepal, possessed of narcotic 
properties, and resembling belladonna and to- 
bacco. It dilates the pupil, and is used in dis- 
eases of the eye like belladonna. It is given in 
alcoholic tincture {dried leaves 3j. to alcohol 
Dose, 20 drops internally in the 24 hours. 
ANISOPHYLLUM IPECACUANHA, Eu- 
phorbia Ipecacuanha. 
ANISOS'THENES, Inaequa'li rob'ore pollens. 
That which is unequal in strength : from a, priv., 
ivos, 'equal,' and aSivos, 'strength.' An epithet 
applied particularly to the muscular contractility 
which, in the sick, is sometimes augmented in 
certain muscles only,-in the flexors, for example. 
ANISOT'ACHYS, from a, priv., iaos, 'equal,' 
and ra'xys, 'quick.' An epithet for the pulse, 
when quick and unequal-Gorraeus. 
ANISUM, Pimpinella anisum-a. Africanum 
frutescens, Bubon Galbanum-a. Fruticosum gal- 
baniferum, Bubon galbanum-a. Officinale, Pim- 
pinella anisum-a. Sinense, Illicium anisatum - 
a. Stellatum, Illicium anisatum - a. Vulgare, 
Pimpinella anisum. 
ANKLE, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
ANKUS, Ancus. 
A N K Y LOBLEPH'ARON, Ancylobleph'aron, 
Palpebra'rum coal'itus, from ayKvXr], ' contrac- 
tion,' and [}\e<pa?ov, 'eyelid.' A preternatural 
union between the free edges of the eyelids. 
Likewise called Symbleph' aron, Symblepharo'sis, 
and Pros'physis. 
Also, union between the eyelids and globe of 
the eye.-Aetius. 
ANKYLODON'TIA, from ayxvXos, 'crooked,* 
and otiovs, 'a tooth.' An irregular position of the 
teeth in the jaws. 
ANKYLOGLOS'SIA, Ancyloglos'sia, Ooncre'- 
tio linguae, from ayicvXoy, ' crooked,' or ' con- 
tracted,' and yXwao-a, 'the tongue.' Impeded mo- 
tion of the tongue in consequence of adhesion 
between its margins and the gums; or in conse- 
quence of the shortness of the fra?num : the latter 
affection constituting Tongue-tie, Olopho'nia lin'- 
gti<B frcena'ta. It merely requires the fraenum to 
be divided with a pair of scissors. 
ANKYLOGLOSSOT'OMUM, from ankyloglos- 
sia, ' tongue-tie,'and rope, 'incision.' An instru- 
ment used in the operation for tongue-tie. 
ANKYLOME'LE, Ancylome'le, from ayKi \os, 
' crooked,' and ' a probe.' A curved probe. 
-Galen. 
ANKYLOMERIS'MUS, Ancylomeris'mus, 
from ayKvXrj, 'a contraction, and pepos, 'a part.' 
Morbid adhesion between parts. 
ANKYLOPS, 2Egilops. 
ANKYLO'SIS, Ancylo'sis, Anchylo'sis, An'- 
cyle, Stiff Joint, from ayKvXos, •crooked.' An 
affection, in which there is great difficulty or 
even impossibility of moving a diarthrodial arti- 
culation. It is so called, because the limb com- 
monly remains in a constant state of flexion. 
Anchylosis is said to be complete or true, when 
there is an intimate adhesion between the syno- 
vial surfaces, with union of the articular extremi- 
ties of the bones. In the incomplete or false an- 
chylosis, there is obscure motion, but the fibrous 
Strix passerina, little owl, ' 
Hiematopus ostralegus, sea-pie, 
Anas penelope, widgeon, 
Anas strepera, gadwall, 
Pelecanus carbo, 
106 
Falco ossifragus, sea-eagle. 
Fulica atra, coot, * 
Anas acuta, pintail-duck* 
Falco milvus, kite, (wounded,) 
Merops apiaster, bee-eater, 
105 
Goose,' 
Hen,, 
Dove,.. 
Duck,J 
104 
Ardea stellaris, 
Falco alhicollis1 
Picus major,1 
103 to 107 
Cossus ligniperda, 89 to 91 
Shark,. 83 
Torpedo marmorata, 74 
103 
Animal Kingdom, (F.) Regne Animal, com- 
prises all animated beings. 
Animal Layer, see Tache embryonnaire. 
Animal Magnetism, see Magnetism, animal. 
ANIMALCULA SEMINALIA, Spermatozoa 
-a. Spermatiea, Spermatozoa. 
ANIMAL'CULE, Animal'culum; diminutive 
of animal. A small animal. An animal well 
seen only by means of the microscope. 
ANIMALCULES, SEMINAL, Spermatozoa- 
a. Spermatic, Spermatozoa. 
ANIMAL'CULIST, An'tmaWat. One who at- 
tempts to explain different physiological or pa- 
thological phenomena by means of animalcules. 
ANIMALCULUM, Animalcule. 
ANIMALIST, Animalculist. 
ANIMAL'ITY, Animal' itas. Qualities which 
distinguish that which is animated. That which 
constitutes the animal. 
ANIMALIZA'TION, Animalisa'tio. The 
transformation of the nutritive parts of food into 
the living substance of the body to be nourished. 
To AN'IMATE, Anima're. To unite the living 
principle with an organized body. The French 
use it in the sense of,-to excite or render active; 
as, animer un vesicatoire : to excite a blister to 
suppurate. 
ANIMATIO F(ETl)S, see Quickening. 
ANIMA'TION, Zoo'sis, Anima'tio, from anima, 
'the soul or mind.' The act of animating. The 
state of being enlivened. 
Animation, Suspended, Asphyxia. 
AN'IME, Gam an'ime, Amina'a, Can'camy, 
Gummi an'ime, Can'camum. A resin obtained 
from the trunk of Hymen'oea cour'baril. It has 
been given as a cephalic and uterine. It is not 
used. Thejilant is also called Cour'baril. 
ANIME, (F.) An epithet applied to the 
countenance, when florid, in health or disease. 
ANIMELLAS, Parotid. 
ANIMI CASUS SUBITUS, Syncope-a. De- 
Lquium, Syncope-a. Pathemata, Passions. 
AN'IMIST, from anima, 'the soul.' One who, 
following the example of Stahl, refers all the 
phenomena of the animal economy to the soul. 
The soul, according to Stahl, is the immediate 
and intelligent agent of every movement, and of 
every material change in the body. Stahl there- 
fore concluded, that disease is nothing more 
than a disturbance or disorder in the government 
of the economy, or an effort by which the soul, 
attentive to every morbific cause, endeavours to 
expel whatever may be deranging the habitual 
order of health. See Stahlianism. 
ANIMUS, Anima, Breath. 
ANIS, Pimpinella anisum-a. Aigre. Cuminum 
Cyminum-a. de la Chine, Illicium anisatum-a. 
Doux, Anethum-a. E toile, Illicium anisatum. 
AN IS A'T UM, from Anisum, 'Anise.' A sort ANKLOTOMUS 
parts around the joint are more or less stiff and 
thickened. In the treatment of this last state, 
the joint must be gently and gradually exercised; 
and oily, relaxing applications be assiduously em- 
ployed. 
Ankylosis Spuria, Rigiditas articulorum. 
AN K YLOT'OMUS, Ancylot'omus, from ayicvXoy, 
'crooked,' and rcgveiv, 'to cut.' Any kind of 
curved knife.-Paulus. An instrument for di- 
viding the fraenum linguae.-Scultetus. 
ANNE AU, Ring-a. Crural, Crural canal-a. 
Diaphragmatique, Diaphragmatic ring-a. Femo- 
ral, Crural canal-a. Inguinal, Inguinal ring-a. 
Ombilical, Umbilical ring. 
ANNEXE, Accessory, Appendix. 
ANNI CRITICI, Climacteric! (anni)-a. De- 
cretorii, Climacteric! (anni)-a. Fatales, Climac- 
teric! (anni)-a. Genethliaci, Climacterici (anni) 
a. Gradarii, Climacterici (anni)-a. Hebdomadiei, 
Climacterici (anni) - a. Heroici, Climacterici 
(anni)-a. Natalitii, Climacterici (anni)-a. Sca- 
lares, Climacterici (anni)-a. Scansiles, Climacte- 
rici (anni). 
ANNOTA'TIO, Episma'sia. Under this term 
some have included the preludes to an attack of 
intermittent fever-as yawning, stretching, som- 
nolency, chilliness, <tc. 
ANNOTTO, see Terra Orleana. 
AN'NUAL DISEASES, Morbi an'nui, M. an- 
niversa'rii, (F.) Maladies annuelles. A name 
given, by some, to diseases which recur every 
year about the same period. Febris annua, (F.) 
Fiivre annuelle, is a term used for a fancied in- 
termittent of this type. 
ANNUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
ANNUIT"IO, Nodding, from ad, ' to,' and 
nutus, ' a nod.' A gesture denoting assent in 
most countries. Also, the state of somnolency, 
when the individual is in the erect or sitting 
posture, with the head unsupported, in which 
the power of volition over the extensor muscles 
of the head is lost, and the head drops forward. 
AN'NULAR, Annula'ris, Crico'i'des, (annus, 
'a circle.') Any thing relating to a ring, or 
which has the shape or fulfils the functions of a 
ring; from annulus, 'a ring,' itself. 
Annular Finger, Fing Finger, Dig"itus an- 
nula'ris, Param'esos. The fourth finger, so called 
from the wedding ring being worn thereon. 
Annular Ganglion, see Ciliary ligament. 
Annular Lig'ament, Transverse ligament, 
Cru'cial ligament. A strong ligamentous band, 
which arches across the area of the ring of the 
atlas, from a rough tubercle upon the inner sur- 
face of one articular process, to a similar tubercle 
on the other. It serves to retain the odontoid 
process of the axis in connexion with the ante- 
rior arch of the atlas. 
An'nular Lig'ament of the Ra'dius, is a very 
strong fibro-cartilaginous band, which forms, with 
the lesser sigmoid cavity of the cubitus, a kind 
of ring, in which the head of the radius turns 
with facility. 
An'nular Lig'aments of the Carpus, Ar- 
mil'lre mantis membrano'scB, are two in number. 
The one, anterior, is a broad, fibrous, quadri- 
lateral band, extending transversely before .the 
carpus, and forming the gutter, made by the 
wrist, into a canal. It is attached, externally, 
to the trapezium and scaphoides; and internally 
to the os pisiforme and process of the unciforme. 
It keeps the tendons of the flexor muscles, me- 
dian nerve, Ac., applied against the carpus. 
The posterior ligament is situate transversely 
behind the joint of the hand, and covers the 
sheaths of the tendons, which pass to the back 
of the hand. Its fibres are white and shining, 
and are attached, externally, to the inferior and 
79 
ANOMALIA 
- 
outer part of the radius; internally to the ulna 
and os pisifonne. 
An'nular Lig'aments of the Tarsus are two 
in number. The anterior is quadrilateral, and 
extends transversely above the instep. It is at- 
tached to the superior depression of the os calcis, 
and to the malleolus internus. It embraces the 
tendons of the extensor muscles of the toes, the 
tibialis anticus, and peroneus anticus. The inter- 
nal is broader than the last. It descends from 
the malleolus internus to the posterior and inner 
part of the os calcis, with which it forms a kind 
of canal, enclosing the sheaths of the tendons of 
the tibialis posticuso flexor longus digitorum pedis, 
and F. longus pollicis pedis, as well as the plantar 
vessels and nerves. 
Annular Vein, Vena annula'ris, is situate 
between the annular finger and the little finger. 
Aetius recommends it to be opened in diseases of 
the spleen. 
ANNULARIS, Cricoid: see Digitus-a. Ani, 
Sphincter ani. 
ANNULI CARTILAGINEI, see Trachea-a. 
Cartilaginosi Tracheae, see Trachea. 
ANN UL I- TENDING - PHALANGIENS, 
Lumbricales manus. 
ANNULUS, Dactylius, Vulva-a. Abdominis, 
Inguinal ring -a. Albidus, see Ciliary (body)- 
a. Cellulosus, Ciliary ligament-a. Ciliaris, Cili- 
ary ligament-a. Fossae ovalis: see Ovalis fossa 
-a. Gangliformis, see Ciliary (body)-a. Repens, 
Herpes circinatus-a. Umbilicalis, Umbilical ring 
-a. Ventriculi, Pylorus-a. Vieussenii, see Ova- 
lis fossa. 
ANO, avu. A prefix denoting 'above, up.' 
ANOCHI'LUS, from avw, * above/ and 
'lip.' The upper lip. Also, one who has a large 
upper lip. 
ANOCCELIA, Stomach. 
ANO'DIA, from av, priv., and uin, 'song.' 
An unconnected or dissonant mode of speech. 
ANOD'IC, Anod'icus, from avu>, 'above, up,' 
and 'obof, ' a way.' Tending upwards. An epi- 
thet applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to an ascend- 
ing course of nervous action. 
ANODIN, Anodyne. 
ANODIN'IA, from a, av, privative, and uiiv, 
'a labour pain.' Absence of labour pains. 
ANODMIA, Anosmia. 
ANODUS, Edentulus. 
AN'ODYNE, Anod'ynus, Antod'ynus, Antid'- 
ynous (improperly,) Paregor'icus, Anet'icus, Ant- 
al'gicns, Acesod'ynes, (F.) Anodin ou Anodyn, 
from a, av, privative, and oSwr/, 'pain.' Anodynes 
are those medicines which relieve pain, or cause 
it to cease; as opium, belladonna, <tc. They act 
by blunting the sensibility of the encephalon, so 
that it does not appreciate the morbid sensation. 
ANODYN'IA, Indolen'tia. Cessation or ab- 
sence of pain. Vogel has given this name to :i 
genus of "iseases, characterized by a cessation 
of pain, and the exasperation of other symptoms; 
as we see in gangrene. 
ANODYNUM MINERALE, Potassse nitras 
sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
ANtE'A, Anoia, from a, privative, and vooi,, 
'mind.' Delirium, imbecility. See Dementia and 
Idiotism. 
ANOESIA, Dementia. 
Anoesia Adstricta, Melancholy. 
ANOIA, Ancea. 
ANOJIAL, Anomalous. 
ANOMALES, Anomalous. 
ANOMA'LIA, from av, privative, and o/<a>oc, 
'regular.' Abnor'mitas, Aliena'tio. Anomaly, 
abnormity, irregularity. In Pathology, anomaly 
means something unusual in the symptoms pro- 
per to a disease, or in the morbid appearances 
presented by it. ANON AL 0 TR OP HIES 
Anomalia Nervorum, Nervous diathesis. 
ANOMALOTROPH1ES, from av, privative, 
o/<aXof, 'regular,' and rpo<pn, 'nourishment.' A 
class of diseases, which consist in modifications 
in the nutrition of organs.-Gendrin. 
ANOM'ALOUS, Anom'alus, Anom'ales ; the 
same etymon. Irregular; contrary to rule. (F.) 
Anomal. In Medicine, a disease is called ano- 
malous, in whose symptoms or progress there is 
something unusual. Affections are also called 
anomalous, which cannot be referred to any 
known species. 
ANOMALOUS, Irregular. 
ANOMMATUS, Anophthalmus. 
ANOMOCEPH'ALUS, from a, priv., voyos, 
'rule,' and iceQaXn, 'head.' One whose head is 
deformed.-Geoffroi Saint-Hilaire. 
ANOM'PIIALUS, from av, priv., and oytyaXos, 
' the navel.' One devoid of navel. Many writers 
have endeavoured to show that Adam and Eve 
must have been avoy<paXoi, as they could not have 
had umbilical vessels. 
ANO'NA TRIPET'ALA. A tree of the family 
Anoneae or Anonaceae; Sex. Syst. Polyandria 
polygynia, from fifteen to twenty feet high, na- 
tive of South America, which bears a delicious 
fruit called Chirimoya. Both the fruit and flowers 
emit a fine fragrance, which, when the tree is 
covered with blossom, is almost overpowering- 
Tschudi. 
ANONIS, Ononis. 
ANONYME, Innominatum. 
ANON'YMOUS, Anon'ymua, Innomina'tus, (F.) 
Anonyms, from av, privative, and ovoya, 'name.' 
That which has no name. 
The word has been applied to many parts of 
the body : - to the Anonymous bone or Os inno- 
minatum:- the Anonymous foramen or Foramen 
innominatum, <fcc. 
ANOPIIRESIA, Anosmia. 
ANOPHTHAL'MUS, Anom'matw, from av, 
privative, and ' an eye.' A monster 
devoid of eyes. 
ANOPS'IA, from av, priv., and wvf, 'the eye.' 
A case of monstrosity in which the eye and orbit 
are wanting. 
ANOPTICONERVIE, Amaurosis. 
ANOR'CHIDES, from av, priv., and 'a 
testicle.' They wrho are without testicles.-For- 
tunatus Fidelis. 
ANOREX'IA, from av, priv., and opil-is, 'ap- 
petite. Inappeten'tia, Limo'sis expers, (F.) Perte 
d'appetit. Absence of appetite, without loathing. 
Anorexia or want of appetite is symptomatic of 
most diseases. Also, Indigestion, Dyspepsia. 
Anorexia Exhausto'rum, Frigidity of the 
stomach-a. Mirabilis, Fasting. 
ANORGANIC, see Anhistous, and Inorganic. 
ANORMAL, Abnormous. 
ANOS'IA, from a, priv., and voaot, 'disease.' 
Health. Freedom from disease. 
A N 0 S ' M I A, from a, privative, and oayn, 
odour.' Loss of smell. Diminution of the sense 
of smell. Called, also, Anosphre'sia, Anosphra'- 
sia, Anophre'sia, Paros'mia, Anod'mia, Anosnio'- 
sia, Olfactus amis'sio, 0. defic"iens, Dyscestlie'sia 
olfacto' ria, Ancesthe'sia olfacto'ria, Odora'tus de- 
per'ditus, (F.) Perte de V Odorat. 
ANOSMOSIA, Anosmia. 
ANOSPHRASIA, Anosmia. 
ANOSPHRESIA, Anosmia. 
ANSE (F.,) Ansa (L.,) signmes, properly, the 
Handle of certain vessels, usually of an arched 
form. By analogy, it has been applied to that 
which is curved in the form of such handle. 
Thus, the French speak of Anse intestinale to 
signify a portion of intestine, supported by its 
80 
) ANTEREISIS 
mesentery, and describing a curved line: - also, 
of Anse nerveuse, Anae anastomotique, Ac. 
Anae de fil is used, in Surgery, to designate a 
thread, curved in the form of an Anae. 
ANSERINA, Potentilla anserina. 
ANSERINE, Chenopodium ambrosioides-a. 
Anthelmintique, Chenopodium anthelminticum- 
a. Bon Henri, Chenopodium Bonus Henricus-a. 
Botrya, Chenopodium Botrys-a. Fetide, Cheno- 
podium vulvaria - a. Vermifuge, Chenopodium 
anthelminticum. 
ANTAC"IDS, Anti-acids, Antiac"ida, Inver- 
ten'tia, from anti, 'against,' and acida, 'acids.' 
Remedies which obviate acidity in the stomach. 
They are chemical agents, and act by neutralizing 
the acid. Those chiefly used are ammonia, calcis 
carbonas, calx, magnesia, magnesiae earbonas, 
potassa, potassae bicarbonas, p. carbonas, sodae 
bicarbonas, and s. carbonas. They are, of course, 
only palliatives, removing that which exists, not 
preventing the formation of more. 
ANTAG'ONISM, Antagonis'mvs, Antis'tasis, 
from avn, ' against,' and ' to act.' Ac- 
tion in an opposite direction. It applies to the 
action of muscles that act in a contrary direc- 
tion to others. In estimating the force of the 
muscles, this antagonism must be attended to. 
ANTAG'ONIST, Antagonis'ta. A muscle 
whose action produces an effect contrary to that 
of another muscle. Every muscle has its anta- 
gonist, because there is no motion in one direc- 
tion without a capability of it in another. 
ANTALGICUS, Anodyne. 
ANTAPIIRODIS'IAC, Antaphrodit'ic, Aata- 
phrodisiacus, Anaphrodisiacua, Anaphrodisiac, 
Anterot'icua, from avn, 'against,' and aippohiaiaxoi, 
'aphrodisiac.' A substance capable of blunting 
the venereal appetite. 
ANTAPHRODITIC, Antaphrodisiac. 
ANTAPOD'OSIS, from avraToiiiupi, 'I return 
in exchange.' The succession and return of the 
febrile periods.-Hippocrates. 
ANTAPOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic. 
ANTARTIIRITIC, Antiarthritic. 
ANTASTHENICUS, Tonic. 
ANTASTHMATICUS, Antiasthmatic. 
ANTATROPH'IC, Antatroph'icus, Antat'ro- 
phus, Antiatroph'icus, from avn, 'against,' and 
arpofyia, ' atrophy.' A remedy opposed to atro- 
phy or consumption. 
ANTEBRACHIAL, see Antibrachial. 
AN TE CENDE N' TI A. The precursory or 
warning symptoms of a disease. 
ANTELA'BIA, Prochei'la, from ante, 'before,' 
and labia, 'the lips.' The extremity of the lips. 
ANTELOPE, Antilopus. 
ANTEMBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. 
ANTEM'BASIS, from avn, and trfaivw, 'I 
enter.' Mu'tuus ingres'aua. The mutual recep- 
tion of bones.-Galen. 
ANTEMETIC, Antiemetic. 
ANTENDE1XIS, Counter-indication. 
ANTENDIXIS, Counter-indication. 
ANTENEAS'MUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
vtav, 'audacious.' One furious against himself. 
Mania, in which the patient attempts his own 
life.-Zacchias. 
ANTENNA'RIA DIOI'CA, Gnapha'lium Di- 
oi'cuni, Hispid'ula, Pee cati, Elichry' sum monta'- 
num, Dioe'cious Everlast'ing, Catefoot, (F.) Pied 
de chat. A common European plant, which has 
been advised in hemorrhage, diarrhoea, Ac. 
ANTEPHIALTIC, An tiephial tic. 
ANTEPILEPTIC, Antiepileptic. 
ANTEPONENS, Anticipating. 
ANTEREI'SIS, from avn, 'against,' and tpn- 
cu>, ' I support.' The resistance-the solidity- 
of bones.-Hippocrates. AN TER IE UR DU MAR TEA U ( 
ANTERIEUR DU MARTE AU, Laxator 
tympani-a. de V Oreille, Anterior auris. 
ANTE'RIOR, Anti'cus, from ante, 'before.' 
Situate before. Great confusion has prevailed 
with anatomists in the use of the terms before, 
behind, &c. Generally, the word anterior is ap- 
plied to parts situate before the median line, the 
body being in the erect posture, with the face 
and palms of the hands turned forwards; and 
the feet applied longitudinally together. 
Ante'rior Au'ris (JfwseZe,) Auricula'ris ante'- 
rior, At'trahens auric'ulam (F.) Auriculaire ant(- 
rieur, Anttrieur de I'oreille, Zygomato-oriculaire. 
A small muscle, passing from the posterior part 
of the zygoma to the helix. Use, to draw the ear 
forwards and upwards. 
Anterior Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
ANTEROTICUS, Antaphrodisiac. 
ANTEUPIIORBIUM, Cacalia anteuphorbium. 
ANTEVER'SION, Antever'sio, Antrover'sio, 
from ante, ' before,' and vertere, versum, ' to turn.' 
Displacement of the uterus, in which the fundus 
is turned towards the pubes, whilst its orifice is 
towards the sacrum. It may be caused by extra- 
ordinary size of the pelvis, pressure of the viscera 
on the uterus, Ac.; and is recognised by exami- 
nation per vaginam. See Retroversio uteri. 
ANTIIjEMOPTYICUS, Antihcemoptyicus, 
from avri, 'against,' and haemoptysis, 'spitting 
of blood.' Against spitting of blood. A remedy 
for spitting of blood - antihamopty'icum {reme- 
dium.) 
ANTIIJEMORRIIAGICUS, Antihemorrhagic. 
ANTHECTICUS, Antihectic. 
ANTIIELIT'RAGUS, (F.) Anthilitragien. 
One of the proper muscles of the pavilion of 
the ear. 
ANT'IIELIX, Anti-helix, from avri, 'before,' 
and 'tXif, ' the helix.' An eminence on the car- 
tilage of the ear, in front of the helix, and ex- 
tending from the concha to the groove of the 
helix, where it bifurcates. 
A N TIIE L MI N'T IC, Antihelmin' ticus, Anti- 
scol'icus, Anthelmin'thicus, Antiscolet'icus, Hel- 
min'thicus, Helminthago'gus, Antivermino'sus, 
Vermif'ugus, Ver'mifuge, from avri, 'against,' 
and 'eXpivs, 'a worm.' A remedy which de- 
stroys or expels worms, or prevents their for- 
mation and development. The chief anthel- 
mintics are, Chenopodium, Mucu'na, Oleum ani- 
mate Dippelii, Oleum Terebinthinae, Sodii Chlo- 
ridum, Spigelia, and Pulvis Stanni. See Worms. 
ANTHEMA ERUPTIO, Exanthem. 
AN'THEMIS COT'ULA,fromavfkw, 'Iflower.' 
A. foet'ida, Got'ula, C. foe'tida, Cota, Cynan'the- 
mis, Chamceme'lum foe'tidum, An'themis Nove- 
boracen'sis, Chamomil'la spu'ria seufoe'tida, May- 
flower, Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Wild 
Cham'omile, Dog's fennel, Dilly, Dilweed, Field- 
weed, Pissweed. Nat. Ord. Compositae Corym- 
biferae. Sex. Sy st. Syngenesia Superflua. (F.) 
Maroute, Camomille fetide, Camomille puante. 
This plant has a very disagreeable smell: and 
the leaves have a strong, acrid, bitterish taste. 
It is reputed to have been useful in hysterical 
affections. 
Anthemis Fcetida, A. cotula. 
An'tuemis No'bilis, A. odora'ta, Ohamceme'- 
lum, Chamemce'lum No'bile, Chamomil'la Roma'- 
na, Euan'themon, An'themis, ChamtBme'lum odo- 
ra'tum, Leucan'themum, Matrica'ria, (F.) Oamo- 
mille Romaine. The leaves and flowers-Anthe- 
mis, Ph. U. S.-have a strong smell, and bitter, 
nauseous taste. The flowers are chiefly used. 
They possess tonic and stomachic properties, and 
are much given as a pleasant and cheap bitter. 
A simple infusion is taken to produce, or to assist 
81 
ANTHRAKOKALI 
vomiting. Externally, they are often used in 
fomentations. 
The O'leum Anthem'idis possesses the aromatic 
properties of the plant, but not the bitter and 
tonic. Consequently, the ' Chamomile Drops,' as 
sold by the druggists, must be devoid of the lat- 
ter qualities. They are made by adding 01. 
anthem, to Sp. vini rectif. Oj. 
Anthemis Noveboracensis, A. Cotula. 
Anthemis Odorata, A. cotula. 
An'themis Py'rethrum, Py' rethrum, Anacyc'- 
lus pyrethrum, Pyrethrum verum, Buphthal'mum 
Cre'ticum, Denta' ria, Herba saliva'ris, Pcs Alex- 
andri'nus, Spanish Chamomile, Pellitory of Spain. 
(F.) Pyrethre, Racine salivaire, Pied d'Alexan- 
dre. The root is hot and acrid, its acrimony re- 
siding in a resinous principle. It is never used 
except as a masticatoryin toothache, rheumatism 
of the face, paralysis of the tongue, <fcc. It acts 
as a powerful sialogogue. 
The Pellitory of the shops in Germany is said 
to be derived from Anacyc'lus officina'rum; a 
plant cultivated in Thuringia for medicinal pur- 
poses. 
An'themis Tincto'ria, Buphthal'mi Herba, 
Dyer's Chamomile, a European plant, has a bitter 
and astringent taste, and has been regarded sto- 
machic and vulnerary. (F.) Camomille des Tein- 
turiers, CEil de Boeuf. 
Anthemis Vulgaris, Matricaria Chamomilla. 
ANTIIE'RA, frdm avfhipos, 'florid,' so called 
from its florid colour. A remedy compounded of 
several substances, myrrh, sandarac, alum, saf- 
fron, <fcc. It was used under the form of lini- 
ment, collyrium, electuary, and powder.-Celsus, 
Galen. 
ANTIIEREON, Mentum. 
ANTHORA, Aconitum anthora-a. Vulgaris, 
Aconitum anthora. 
ANTHORIS'MA, from am, 'against,' and 
opur/ia, 'boundary.' Tumor dijfu'sus. A tumor 
without any defined margin. 
ANTIIOS: see Rosmarinus - a. Sylvestris, 
Ledum sylvestre. 
ANTHRA'CIA, from avSpal;, 'coal.' Carbun'- 
eular Exan'them, An eruption of tumours, im- 
perfectly suppurating, with indurated edges, and, 
for the most part, a sordid and sanious core. A 
genus in the order Exanthematica, class Hce- 
matica of Good, and including Plague and Yaws. 
Anthracia, Anthracosis-a. Pestis, Plague- 
a. Rubula, Framboesia. 
ANTHRACION, see Anthrax. 
AN'THRACOID, Anthvaco' des, from avSpal-, 
'coal,' and ciios, 'resemblance.' (F.) Charbon- 
neux. As black as coal. Accompanied by or 
resembling anthrax. 
ANTHRACOMA, Anthrax. 
ANTHRACONECROSIS, see Sphacelus. 
ANTHRACOPHLYCTIS, see Anthrax. 
ANTHRACOSIA, Anthrax. 
ANTHRACO'SIS, Anthra'cia, Carbo Palpe- 
bra'rum, from avSpaf, 'a coal.' A species of car- 
buncle, which attacks the eyelids and globe of 
the eye.- Paulus of TEgina. Also, a carbuncle 
of any kind. It has been used for the "black lung 
of coal miners," which is induced by carbona- 
ceous accumulation in the lungs. Pseudo-mela- 
not'ie formation, (Carswell). When ulceration 
results from this cause, black phthisis, (F.) Phthi- 
sic avec Melanose, exists. See Melanosis. 
Anthracosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis. 
ANTHRACOTYPHUS, Plague. 
ANTHRAKOK'ALI, Lithanthrakok'ali, from 
avdpaf, 'coal,' and kali, 'potassa.' An article in- 
troduced as a remedy in cutaneous diseases. It 
is formed by dissolving carbonate of potassa in 
10 or 12 parts of boiling water, and adding ai ANTHRAX ( 
much slacked lime as will separate the potassa. 
The filtered liquor is placed on the fire in an iron 
vessel, and suffered to evaporate, until neither 
froth nor effervescence occurs, and the liquid pre- 
sents a smooth surface like oil. To this, levigated 
coal is added in the proportion of 160 grammes 
to 192 grammes of potassa. The mixture is 
stirred, and removed from the fire, and the stir- 
ring is continued, until a black homogeneous 
powder results. A sulphuretted anthrakokali is 
made by mixing accurately 16 grammes of sul- 
phur with the coal, and dissolving the mixture in 
the potassa as directed above. The dose of the 
simple and sulphuretted preparations is about 
two grains three times a day. 
ANTHRAX, avdpaf, 'a coal,'Antracc, Carbo, 
Rubt'nus rerun, Codeeel'la, Erythe'ma gangrene' - 
surn, Grantris'tum, Pruna, Per'sicus Ignis, Pyra, 
Granatris'tum, Phyma Anthrax, Erythema an- 
thrax, Carbun'cuius, Anthraco'sia, Anthraco'ma, 
Absces' bus gangrenes'eens, A. gangrene' sue, Fu- 
run'cuius malig'nus, F. gangreno'sus, Carbuncle, 
(F.) Charbon. An inflammation, essentially gan- 
grenous, of the cellular membrane and skin, 
which may arise from an internal or external 
cause. In the latter case it is called Anthra'cion, 
Vesic'ula gangrenes'cens, Anthracophlye'tis, Pus- 
tule maligne; Bouton d'Alep, Feu Persique, (Per- 
sian fire), Malvat, Bouton malin, Puce maligne, and 
is characterized at the outset by a vesication or 
bleb filled with a sero-sanguinolent fluid, under 
which a small induration is formed, surrounded 
by an areolar inflammation, which becomes gan- 
grenous. It has been thought by some to be in- 
duced altogether by contact with the matter of 
the carbuncle of animals, or of the exuviae of 
the bodies of such as had died of the disease, 
but it is now known to arise primarily in the 
human subject. This form of earbuncle has re- 
ceived different names, many of them from the 
places where it has prevailed ; - Garblin'cuius 
cont agio'sub seu Gal'licus seu Hunga'ricus seu 
Polon'icus seu Septentriona'lis, Morbuspustulo'sus 
Fin'nicus, Pus'tula gangrenosa seu Liv'ida Es- 
tho'nie, Pemphigus Hungar'icus. 
Anthrax is a malignant boil, and its treatment 
is similar to that which is required in case of 
gangrene attacking a part. 
Anthrax Pulmonum, Necropneumonia. 
ANTHRISCUS CEREFOLIUM, Scandix ce- 
rcfo'lium-a. Humilis, Chaerophyllum Sylvestre 
-a. Procerus, Chaerophyllum Sylvestre. 
ANTHROPE, Cutis. 
ANTHROPIAT'RICA (MEDICINA,) from 
•rvOpouroj, 'man,' and tarpas, 'a physician.' Me- 
dicine applied to man in contradistinction to 
animals. 
ANTHROPOCHEMIA, Chymistry (human). 
ANTHR.OPOCHYMY, Chymistry, (human). 
ANTHROPOGEN'IA, Anthropogen'esis, An- 
thropog" eny, from avSpwiroj, 'man,' and yevtais, 
' generation.' The knowlege, or study, or phe- 
nomena of human generation. 
ANTHROPOG'RAPHY, Anthropograph'ia, 
from avOpumos, 'man,' and •ypaipr), 'a description.' 
Anthropology. A description of the human body. 
ANTHROPOL'ITHUS, from av6pw-os, 'man,' 
and bidos, ' a stone.' The petrifaction of the 
human body or of any of its parts. Morbid con- 
cretions in the human body. 
ANTHROPO L'OGY, Anthropolog" ia, from 
avSpuros, 'man,, and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A 
treatise on man. By some, this word is used for 
the science of the structure and functions of the 
human body. Frequently, it is employed synony- 
mously with Natural History and Physiology of 
man. 
82 
ANTIBRACHIUM 
»- 
ANTHROPOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, 
animal. 
ANTHRO'POMANCY, Anthropomanti'a, from 
avfywiros, 'a man,' and pavrna, 'divination.' Di- 
vination by inspecting the entrails of a dead man. 
ANTHROPOM'ETRY, from 'aman,' 
and pcrpov, ' measure.' Measurement of the di- 
mensions of the different parts of the human 
body. 
ANTHROPOMORPHUS, Atropa mandragora. 
ANTHROPOPH'AGUS, (F.) Anthropophage, 
from av$pa»rof, 'a man,' and <payu>, 'I eat.' A 
name given to one who eats his own species. 
ANTHROPOPH'AGY, Anthropoph a'gia, same 
etymon. The custom of eating human flesh. A 
disease in which there is great desire to eat it. 
ANTHROPOS, Homo. 
ANTHROPOSCOPIA, Physiognomy. 
ANTHROPOTOMY, Andranatomia. 
ANTHUS, Flos. 
ANTHIl PNOT'IC, Anthypnot'icue, Antihyp- 
not'ic, Agrypnot'ic, from avn, 'against,' and 
'vTtvuriKOf, 'stupefying.' A remedy for stupor. 
ANTHYPOCHON'DRIAC, Anthypochondri' - 
acini, from avn, 'against,' and 'hy- 
pochondriac.' A remedy for hypochondriasis. 
ANTHIl STER'IC, Antihyeter'ic, Antihyster'- 
icn», from avn, ' against,' and 'vanpa, ' the ute- 
rus.' A remedy for hysteria. 
ANTI, avn, as a prefix, in composition, gene- 
rally means ' opposition.' 
ANTIADES, Tonsils. 
ANTIADITIS, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
ANTIADON'CUS, from avnahcs, 'the tonsils,' 
and oyKos, 'tumour.' A swelling of the tonsils. 
- Swediaur. Anti'ager has a similar meaning. 
Antiadoncus Inflammatorius, Cynanche ton- 
sillaris. 
ANTIAPOPLEC'TIC, Antiapoplec' ticus, Anta- 
poplec'ticua, Apoplec'ticus, from avn, 'against,' 
and 'apoplexy.' A remedy for apo- 
plexy. 
ANTIARIS TOXICARIA, see Upas. 
ANTIARTHRIT'IC, Antarthrit'ic, Antiar- 
thrit'icus, Antipodag'ric, from avn, 'against,' and 
apSprns, 'the gout,' (F.) Antigoutteux. A re- 
medy for gout. 
ANTIASTHEN'IC, Antiaethen'icue, from avn, 
'against,' and aafhvtia, 'debility.' A remedy for 
debility. 
ANTIASTHMAT'IC, Antiasthmat'icnB, An- 
taethmat'icug, from avn, ' against,' and aa3pa, 
' asthma.' A remedy for asthma. 
ANTIATROPHICUS, Antatrophic. 
ANTIBALLOMENUM, Succedaneum. 
ANTIBDELLA, Antlia sanguisuga. 
ANTIBRA'CHIAL, Antibrachia'lie. Th at 
which concerns the fore-arm. - Bichat. J. Clo- 
quet suggests that the word should be written an- 
tebrachial, from ante, 'before,' and brachium, 
'the arm :'-as antebrachial region, antebrachial 
aponeurosis, Ac. 
Antebra'chial Apoxeuro'sis, (F.) Apontv- 
ro»e antibrachiale, is a portion of the aponeurotic 
sheath which envelops the whole of the upper 
limb. It arises from the brachial aponeurosis, 
from a fibrous expansion of the tendon of the 
biceps muscle, from the epicondyle, epitrochlea, 
and, behind, from the tendon of the triceps bra- 
chialis. Within, it is inserted into the cubitus, 
&c.; and, below, is confounded with the two an- 
nular ligaments of the carpus. It is covered by 
the skin, by veins, lymphatics, and by filaments 
of superficial nerves; it covers the muscles of the 
fore-arm, adheres to them, and sends between 
them several fibrous septa, which servo them for 
points of insertion. 
ANTIBRACHIUM, Fore-arm. ANTIBROMIC f 
ANTIBRO'MIC, Antibro'micug, from avri, 
'against,' and /Jpoipoj, 'foetor.' A Deo'dorizer. 
An agent that destroys offensive odours - as 
chloride of zinc, simple sulphate of alumina, Ac. 
ANTICACHEC'TIC, Anticachec'ticus, Antica- 
cochym'ic, from am, 'against,' and 'ca- 
chexy.' A remedy against cachexy. 
ANTICACOCHYMIC, Anticachectic. 
ANTICAN'CEROUS, Anticancero'sus, Anti- 
cancro'sus, Anticarcinom'atous, Antiscir'rhous, 
from avri, ' against,' and xapsn/wpa, ' cancer,' car- 
cinoma. Opposed to cancer. 
ANTICANCROSUS, Anticancerous. 
ANTIC ARCINOMATOUS, Anticancerous. 
ANTICARDIUM, Fossette du coeur, Scrobicu- 
lus cordis. 
ANTICATAR'RHAL, AnticatarrAa'Zig, Anti- 
eatarrhoicug, from avri, ' against,' and xarappof, 
'catarrh.' A remedy for catarrh. 
ANTICAUSOD'IC, Anh'causot'tc, Anticausod' - 
icus, from avri, ' against,' and Kavaog, ' a burning 
fever.' A remedy for causus or inflammatory fever. 
AMTICAUSOTIC, Anticausodic. 
ANTICHEIR, Pollex, see Digitus. 
ANTICHCERADICUS, Antiscrofulous. 
ANTICHOLERICA, Sophora heptaphylla. 
ANTICIPATING, Antic"ipann, Antepo'neng, 
Prolept'icus. A periodical phenomenon, recur- 
ring at progressively shorter intervals. An an- 
ticipating intermittent is one in which the inter- 
vals between the paroxysms become progressively 
less. 
ANTICNEMIUM, Shin. 
ANTIOCEUR, Scrobiculus cordis. 
ANTICOL'IC, Anticol'icus,from avri, 'against,' 
and <u)Xixof, ' the colic.' That which is opposed 
to colic. 
ANTICOMMA, Contre-coup. 
ANTICOPE, Contre-coup. 
ANTICEUSIS, Contre-coup. 
ANTICRUSMA, Contre-coup. 
ANTICUS, Anterior. 
ANTIDARTREUX, Antiherpetic. 
ANTIDEIXIS, Counter-indication. 
ANTIDIARRHfE'IC, Antidiarrhoe'icus. A 
remedy for diarrhoea. Opposed to diarrhoea. 
ANTID'INIC, Antidin' icug, Din'icus, from avri, 
'against,' and Sivos, 'vertigo.' Opposed to vertigo. 
AN'TIDOTAL, Antidota'lis, same etymon as 
antidote. Relating to an antidote; possessed of 
the powers of an antidote. 
ANTIDOTA'RIUM, from avri&orov, 'an anti- 
dote.' A dispensatory. A pharmacopoeia or for- 
mulary. 
AN'TIDOTE, Antid'otum, from avri, 'against,' 
and bi/iayi, 'I give.' Originally this word signi- 
fied an internal remedy. It is now used synony- 
mously with counter-poison, Antiphar'macum, and 
signifies any remedy capable of combating the 
effect of poisons. 
83 
ANTILLY 
ANTIDOTUM HERACLIDIS, Enneaphar- 
macos-a. Mithridatium, Mithridate. 
ANTIDYNAMICA, Debilitants. 
ANTIDYNOUS, Anodyne. 
ANTIDYSENTER'IC, Antidy senter' icus, from 
avn, 'against,' hv$, 'with difficulty,' and svrepov, 
' intestine.'. Opposed to dysentery. 
ANTIEMET'IC, Antemet'ic, Antiemet'icus, 
from avn, 'against,' and cyeriKos, 'emetic.' A 
remedy for vomiting. 
ANTIEPHIAL'TIC or ANTEPHIAL'TIC, 
Antiephial'ticus, from avn, ' against,' and t</>iaX- 
rcs, 'nightmare.' A remedy for nightmare. 
ANTIEPILEP'TIC or ANTEPILEP'TIC, 
Antiepilep'ticus, from avri, ' against,' and eir«- 
'epilepsy.' A remedy for epilepsy. 
ANTIFEBRILIS, Febrifuge. 
ANTIGALAC'TIC, Antigalac'ticus, Antilac'- 
teus, from avri, 'against,' and yaXa, 'milk.' (F.) 
Antilaiteux. Opposed to the secretion of milk, 
or to diseases caused by the milk. 
ANTIG'ONI COLLYR'IUM NIGRUM, Black 
collyrium of Antig'onus. It was composed of 
cadmia, antimony, pepper, verdigris, gum Arabic, 
and water. 
ANTIGUA, see West Indies. 
ANTIILEMOPTYICUS, Anthaemoptyicus. 
ANTIIIEC'TIC, Ant ithec'ticus. Anthec'ticus, 
from avri, 'against,' and 'rjlr, 'habit of body.' 
The Antihec'ticum Pote'rij is the white oxyd of 
antimony; also called Diaphoret'icum Jovia'le. 
ANTIHELIX, Anthelix. 
ANTIHELMINTICUS, Anthelmintic. 
ANTIIIEMORRHAG"IC, Antihcemorrhag" - 
icus, Anth<Emorrhag"icu8; from avri, 'against,' 
and 'aiyoppayia, 'hemorrhage.' That which is 
against hemorrhage; an antihemorrhagic re- 
medy. 
ANTIHEMORRHOID'AL, AntihcBmorrho'i- 
da'lis, from avn, 'against,' and 'atpoppoiScs, 'he- 
morrhoids.' A remedy for hemorrhoids. 
ANTIHERPET'IC, Antiherpet'icus, from avri, 
' against,'and 'epTrif, 'herpes.' (R.') Antidartreux. 
A remedy for herpes. 
ANTIHYDROPHOB'IC, AntihydrophoVicus, 
Antylis'sus, Alys'sue, from avri, 'against,' 'vluip, 
'water,' and <j>oj}os, 'dread.' A remedy for hy- 
drophobia. 
ANTIHYDROP'IC, Antiky drop' icus, Hy drop' - 
icus, from avn, 'against,' and 'vipwt/', 'dropsy.' 
A remedy for dropsy. 
ANTIHYPNOTIC, Anthypnotic. 
ANTIHYSTERIC, Antihysteric. 
ANTI-ICTERIC, Anti-icter'icus, Teter' icus, 
from avn, 'against,' and orrrpoj, 'jaundice.' A 
remedy for jaundice. 
ANTI-IMPETIGENES, SOLOMON'S, see 
Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis. 
ANTILABIUM, Prolabium. 
ANTILACTEUS. Antigalactic. 
ANTILAITEUX, Antigalactic. 
ANTILEP'SIS, Apprehen'sio, from arnXag- 
IJavia, ' I take hold of.' The mode of attaching 
a bandage over a diseased part, by fixing it upon 
the sound parts. - Hippocrates. The mode of 
securing bandages, <tc., from slipping. Treat- 
ment by revulsion or derivation. 
ANTILETHAR'GIC, Antilethar'gicus, from 
avn, 'against,' and A»?0apytitos, 'affected with 
lethargy.' A remedy for lethargy. 
ANTILITH'ICS, Antilith'ica, Lith'ica, from 
avn, 'against,' and X<0oj, 'a stone.' A substance 
that prevents the formation of calculi in the 
urinary organs. 
The chief antilithics--according as the calculi 
are lithic acid or phosphatic-are alkalies or 
acids; with revellents, especially change of air; 
tonics, as diosma crenata, (?) and uva ursi.(?) 
ANTILLY, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
A List of Substances reputed as Antidotes. 
1. Metals. 
Iron Filings. 
Zinc Filings. 
2. Acids. 
Tannic Acid. 
Acetic or Citric Acid. 
3. Salts. 
Alkaline or Earthy Sul- 
phates. 
Chloride of Sodium. 
Hypochlorite of Soda or 
of Lime. 
4. Alkalines. 
Ammonia. 
Carbonates of Ammonia. 
Carbonates of Soda. 
Magnesia. 
Carbonate of Magnesia. 
Lime Water. 
Chalk. 
Soap. 
5. SoLPHURETS. 
Sulphuretted Hydrogen, 
dissolved in water. 
Sulphuret of Potassium. 
6. Haloids. 
Chlorine. 
7. Metallic Oxides. 
Hydrated Sesqui-oxide of 
Iron. 
Mixed Oxides of Iron. 
8. Organic Substances. 
Albuminous Substances, 
(Albumen, Casein, and 
Gluten.) 
Starch. 
Oil. 
Animal Charcoal. ANTILOBIUM I 
celebrated French medicinal spring, near M6aux, 
in France. The waters have not been analyzed; 
but astonishing and chimerical effects have been 
ascribed to them. 
ANTILOBIUM. Antitragus, Tragus. 
ANTILOI'MIC, Antiloi'micus, Antiice'mic, An- 
tipest ilentia'lie, from avri, ' against,' and Xoipos, 
' the plague.' A remedy for the plague. 
ANTIL'OPUS. The An'telope. (F.) Gazelle. 
An African animal, whose hoofs and horns were 
formerly given in hysteric and epileptic cases. 
ANTILYSSUS, Antihydrophobic. 
ANTIMEL'ANCHOLIC, 
from avri, ' against,' and ptXayxpXia, ' melan- 
choly.' A remedy for melancholy. 
ANTIMEPHIT'IC, Antimephit'icus, from avri, 
' against,' and mephitic. A remedy against me- 
phitic or deleterious gases. 
ANTIMOINE, Antimonium - a. Beurre d', 
Antimonium muriatum-a. Ohlorure d', Antimo- 
nium muriatum-a. Oxide d', Algaroth-a. Oxide 
blanc d', Antimonium diaphoreticum-a. Soufre 
dore d', Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum - 
a. Sulf are d', Antimonium-a. Sulfure, hydrosul- 
phure rouge d', Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
- a. Ferre d', Antimonii vitrum. 
ANT IMO'NIAL, Antimonia'lis, Stibia'lis, from 
antimonium, 'antimony.' A composition into 
which antimony enters. A preparation of anti- 
mony. 
Antimo'nial Powder, Pulvis antimonia'lis, 
Ox'idum antimo'nii cum phos'phate calcis, Phos- 
phas calcis stibia'tus, P. Cal'cicum stibia'tum, 
Pulvis Jame'sii, Pulvis stibia'tus, Pulvis de phos'- 
phate calcis et stib'ii compos' itus, Factitious 
James's Powder, Schwanberg's Fever Powder, 
Chenevix's Antimonial Powder, (F.) Poudre 
antimoniale composee ou de James. A peroxide 
of antimony combined with phosphate of lime. 
(Take of oommon sulphuret of antimony, lbj; 
hartshorn shavings, Ibij. Roast in an iron pot, 
until they form a gray powder. Put this into a 
long pot, with a small hole in the cover. Keep 
it in a red heat for two hours, and grind to a fine 
powder.) This preparation has long been es- 
teemed as a febrifuge: but it is extremely un- 
certain in its action. The ordinary dose is 6 or 
8 grains. 
ANTIMONIALE CAUSTICUM, Antimonium 
muriatum. 
ANTIMONIATUM SULPHUR, Antimonii 
sulphuretum praecipitatum - a. Tartar, Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 
ANTIMONII (BUTYRUM,) Antimonium mu- 
riatum-a. Calx, Antimonium diaphoreticum-a. 
Cerussa, Antimonium diaphoreticum-a. et Po- 
tassae tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum-a. Mu- 
rias, Antimonium muriatum-a. Oleum, Antimo- 
nium muriatum-a. Oxydulum hydrosulphuratum 
aurantiacum, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipita- 
tum-a. Oxydum, Algaroth-a. Oxydum auratum, 
Antimonii sulphuratum praecipitatum-a.Oxidum 
nitro-muriaticum, Algaroth - a. Oxydum cum 
sulphure vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum-a. Oxy- 
dum sulphuretum vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum 
-a. Oxysulphuretum, A. sulphuretum praecipi- 
tatum - a. Potassio-tartras, Antimonium tartari- 
zatum-a. Regulus medicinalis, Antimonium me- 
dicinale-a. Sal, Antimonium tartarizatum-a. 
Sulphur auratum, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
cipitatum-a. Sulphur praecipitatum, Antimonii 
sulphuretum praecipitatum-a. Sulphuretum, An- 
timonium-a. Tartras, Antimonium tartarizatum 
- a. Tartras et Potassae, Antimonium tartariza- 
tirrn-a. Vitrum hyacinthinum, Antimonii vitrum. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Precipita'tum, 
Sulphur antimonia'tum, Hydrosulphure'turn sti- 
tiio'sum cum sul'phuri, Oxo'des stib'ii sulphura'- 
84 
ANTIMONIUM 
turn, Oxyd'ulum antimo'nii hydrosirtphura'tum 
auranti'acum, Ox'ydum aura'turn antimo'nii, Sul- 
phure'tum stib'ii oxydula'ti, Hydro-sulfure'tum 
lu'teum ox'ydi stib'ii sulfura'ti, Sulphur antimo'- 
nii prcecipita' turn, Sulphur aura'tum antimo'nii, 
Golden Sulphur of Antimony. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Pracipitatum, A.Oxy- 
sulphuretum, (F.) Soufre dore d'Antimoine, of the 
London Pharmacopoeia, is nearly the same as the 
old Kermes Mineral. It is a powder of an orange 
colour, of a metallic, styptic taste. It is emetic, 
diaphoretic, and cathartic, according to the dose; 
and has been chiefly used in chronic rheumatism, 
and in cutaneous affections. Dose, gr. j. to gr. iv. 
Antimonii Sulphuretum Preecipitatum of the 
United States Pharmacopoeia, is made by boiling 
together Sulphuret of Antimony, in fine powder, 
Solution of Potassa, and distilled water ; strain- 
ing the liquor while hot, and dropping into it 
Diluted Sulphuric Acid so long as it produces a 
precipitate. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum Rubrum, Red Sul'- 
phuret of An'timony, Hydrosulfure'tum stib'ii 
rubrum, Sub-hydrosul'fas stib'ii, llydro-sulphure'- 
turn rubrum stib'ii sulphura'ti, Pulvis Oarthusi- 
ano'rum, Kermes mineral, (F.) Hydrosulfure 
rouge d'Antinioine sulfurf Vermilion de Provence. 
Properties the same as the last. Dose, gr. j. to 
gr. iv. 
Antimo'nii Vitrum, Glass of Antimony, Anti- 
mo'nii ox'ydum sulphure'tum vitrifac'tum, Ox'- 
ydum stib'ii semivit'reum, Antimo'nium vitrifac'- 
tum, Ox'idum antimo'nii cum sul'phure vitrifac'- 
tum, Vitrum stib'ii, Antimo'nii vitrum hyacin'- 
thinum, Oxyd'ulum stib'ii vitrea'tum, (F.) Verre 
d'Antimoine. (Formed by roasting powdered 
common antimony in a shallow vessel, over a 
gentle fire, till it is of a whitish gray colour, and 
emits no fumes in a red heat; then melting it, on 
a quick fire, into a clean, brownish-red glass.) 
It has been used for preparing the tartarized 
antimony and antimonial wine. 
ANTIMONIOUS ACID, Antimonium dia- 
phoreticum. 
ANTIMO'NIUM, from avrt, 'against,' and 
govos, 'alone;' i. e. not found alone: or accord- 
ing to others, from am, ' against,' and moine, ' a 
monk;' because, it is asserted, certain monks 
suffered much from it. Stibi, Stib'ium, Reg'ulus 
Antimo'nii, Minera'lium, Gynoece'um, Magne'sia 
Satur'ni, Marcasi'ta plum'bea, Platyophthal' mon, 
Stim'mi, Aurum lepro'sum, Antimo'nium crudum, 
Antimo'nii sulphure'tum, Sulphure'tum stib'ii ni- 
grum, Common Antimony, Sulphuret of Antimony, 
(F.) Antimoine, Sulfure d'Antimoine. Sulphuret 
of antimony is the ore from which all the prepa- 
rations of antimony are formed. In Pharmacy, 
it is the native sesquisulphuret of antimony, puri- 
fied by fusion. When prepared fpr medical use, 
by trituration and levigation, it forms a powder 
of a black, or bluish gray colour, which is inso- 
luble. It is slightly diaphoretic and alterative, 
and has been used in chronic rheumatism, cuta- 
neous diseases, <tc. 
Antimonium Album, Bismuth. 
Antimo'nium Calcinatum, Antimonium dia- 
phoreticum. 
Antimo'nium Diaphoret'icum, Diaphoret'ic 
Antimony, Antimo'nious Acid, Min'eral liez'oard, 
Antimo'nium Calcina'tum, Mineral Diaphoret'ic, 
Matihre perlie de Kerkring, Peroxide of Anti- 
mony, Calx Antimo'nii, Antimo'nium diaphoret'- 
icum lotum, Cerus'sa Antimo'nii, Calx Antimo'nii 
elo'ta, Oxo'des stib'ii album, Ox'idum stibio'sum, 
Deutoxide of An'timony, Ox'idum stib'ii album 
median'te nitro confectum, Potassce biantimo'nias, 
(F.) Oxide blanc d'Antimoine prepare par le 
moyen du nitre. (Common antimony, ibj ; purified ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF 
nitre, ftiij.-Throw it by spoonfuls into a red-hot 
crucible; powder and wash. The flowers that 
stick to the side of the crucible must be carefully 
separated, otherwise they render it emetic.) 
Dose, gr. x. to xxx. 
Antimonium Emeticum, A. tartarizatum. 
Antimo'nium Medicina'le, Reg'ulus Antimo'- 
nii Medicina'lis, Medicinal Reg'ulus of Antimony. 
(Antimon, sulphur. £v. Potass, subcarb. Sodii 
chlorid. Powder, mix, and melt. When 
cold, separate the scoriae attop, powder the mass, 
aud wash it well.) It is conceived to be more 
active than common antimony. 
Antimo'nium Muria'tum, Antimo'nii Mu'rias, 
Ohlor'uret of An'timony, Chlorure'tum stib'ii, 
Spuma trium draco'num, Deuto-murias stib'ii 
sublima'tus, Butter of Antimony, Muriate of An- 
timony, Chloride of Antimony, Bitty'rum Antimo' 
nii, O'leum. Antimo'nii, Buty'rum stib'ii, Caus'- 
ticum antimonia'le, Antimonium sali'tum, (F.) 
Ohlorure d?Antimoine, Beurre d'Antimoine. (Com- 
mon antimony and corrosive sublimate, of each 
equal parts: grind together, and distil in a wide- 
necked retort, and let the butyraceous matter 
that comes over, run, in a moist place, to a liquid 
oil.) A caustic, but not much used as such. 
Sometimes taken as poison. 
Antimonium Salitum, Antimonium muriatum. 
Antimo'nium Tartariza'tum, Tartris Anti- 
rno'nii, Tartar Antimonia'turn, Sal Antimo'nii, 
Tartras Potas'see stibio'sus seu stibia'lis, Tartris 
lijciv'ice stibia'tus, Beuto-tartras potas'see et stib'ii, 
Tar'tarus emet'icus, Tar'tarum emet'icum, Tartras 
antimo'nii, Tartras Antimo'nii et Potassa, Anti- 
mo'nii et Potassa Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Antimo'nii 
potas'sio-tartras, Antimo'nium emet'icum, Tar'- 
tarized An'timony, Tartrate of An'timony and 
potas'sa, Potassio-tartrate of Antimony, Emet'ic 
Tartar, Tartar Emetic, (F.) Tartre stibif Tartre 
Em&ique, EmMique ; in some parts of the United 
States, vulgarly and improperly called Tartar: 
(Made by digesting sulphuret of antimony in a 
mixture of nitric and muriatic acids with the aid 
of heat; filtering the liquor, and pouring it into 
water: freeing the precipitate from acid, by 
washing and drying it; adding this powder to 
bitartrate of potassa in boiling distilled water ; 
boiling for an hour, and after filtering the liquor 
while hot, setting it aside to crystallize.-Ph. U. S.) 
Tartarized antimony is emetic, sometimes ca- 
thartic and diaphoretic. Externally, it is rube- 
facient. Dose, as an emetic, gr. j. to gr. iv. in 
solution: as a diaphoretic, gr. one-sixteenth to 
gr. one-quarter. 
The empirical preparation, called Norris's 
Drops, consist of a solution of tartarized anti- 
mony in rectified spirit, disguised by the addi- 
tion of some vegetable colouring matter. 
Antimonium Vitrifactum, Antimonii vitrum. 
. ANTIMONY, BUTTER OF, Antimonium mu- 
riatum-a. Chloride of, Antimonium muriatum- 
a. Chloruret of, Antimonium muriatum-a. Deu- 
toxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum-a. Flowers 
of, Algaroth - a. Glass of, Antimonii vitrum-a. 
Golden sulphur of, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
cipitatum-a. Medicinal, regulus of, Antimonium 
medicinale - a. Muriate of, Antimonium muria- 
tum-a. Peroxide of, Antimonium diaphoreticum 
-a. Potassio-tartrate of, Antimonium tartariza- 
tum-a. Submuriate of, Protoxide of, Algaroth- 
a. Sulphuret of, red, Antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
brum-a. Tartarized, Antimonium tartarizatum 
-a. Vegetable, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Antimony and Potassa, Tartrate of, Anti- 
monium tartarizatum. 
ANTINEPIIRIT'IC, Antinephret'ic, Antine- 
phret'icus, from am, 'against,' and vttypiris, 'ne- 
phritis.' A remedy for inflammation of tlie kidney. 
85 
ANTIPHLOGISTIC 
ANTINEUROPATHIC, Nervine. 
ANTINEUROTIC, Nervine. 
ANTINIAD, see Antinial. 
ANTIN'IAL, from avn, 'against,' and iviov, 
'the ridge of the occiput.' An epithet for an 
aspect towards the side opposite to the inion, or 
ridge of the occiput.-Barclay. Antiniad is used 
adverbially by the same writer, to signify ' to- 
wards the antinial aspect.' 
ANTI'OCHI HI'ERA. A preparation ex- 
tolled by the ancients in melancholy, hydropho- 
bia, epilepsy, &c. It was formed of germander, 
agaric, pulp of colocynth, Arabian steechas, opo- 
ponax, sagapenum, parsley, aristolochia, white 
pepper, cinnamon, lavender, myrrh, honey, <fcc. 
Antiochi Theriaca. A theriac employed by 
Antiochus against every kind of poison. It was 
composed of thyme, opoponax, millet, trefoil, 
fennel, aniseed, nigella sativa, &c. 
ANTIODONTAL'GIC, Antodontal'gic, Anto- 
dontal'gicus, Odontal'gic, Odont'ic, Antiodontal'- 
gicus, from avn, 'against,' and obovraAyia, 'tooth- 
ache.' A remedy for toothache. 
ANTIORGAS'TIC, Antiorgas'ticus, from avn, 
'against,' and opyaw, 'I desire vehemently.' A 
remedy for orgasm or erethism, and for irritation 
in general. 
ANTIPARALYT'IC, Antiparalyt'icus, from 
avn, ' against,' and napaXvais, ' palsy.' Opposed 
to palsy. 
ANTIPARASIT'IC, Antiparasit'icus, Anti- 
phtheiriacus, Phthi'rius, Parasiticide; from avn, 
' against,' and irapaairoy, ' a parasite.' An agent 
that destroys parasites, as the different vermin 
that infest the body. The chief antiparasitics 
are Cocculus, Staphisagria, Veratrum album, and 
certain of the mercurial preparations. 
ANTIP AR ASTATI'TIS, from avn, 'opposite,' 
and -itapaaranijs, 'the epididymis;' also, 'the pros- 
tate,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of Cowper's glands. 
ANTIPATHI'A, from avn, 'against,' and 
nados, 'passion, affection.' Aversion. A natural 
repugnance to any person or thing. 
ANTIPATH'IC, Antipath'icus, (F.) Antipa- 
thique. Belonging to antipathy. Opposite, con- 
trary,-as humeurs antipathiques ; humours op- 
posed to each other. Also, palliative. 
ANTIP'ATRI THERIACA, Theriac of An- 
tip'ater. A farrago of more than 40 articles: 
used as an antidote against the bites of serpents. 
ANTIPERIOD'IC, Antiperiod'icus, Antityp'- 
icus, from avn, 'against,' and inpiobos, 'period.' 
A remedy which possesses the power of arresting 
morbid periodical movements;-e. g. the sulphate 
of quinia in intermittent#. 
ANTIPERISTAL'TIC, Antiperistal'ticus, An- 
tivCrmic'ular, from avrt, 'against,' and TrtpiortXXw, 
' I contract.' An inverted action of the intestinal 
tube. 
ANTIPERIS'TASIS, from avn, 'against,' and 
mfiaraais, 'reunion, aggregation.' A union of 
opposite circumstances: the action of two con- 
trary qualities, one of which augments the force 
of the other. The peripateticians asserted, that 
it is by Antiperistasis, that fire is hotter in winter 
than in summer. Theophrastus attributes the 
cause, which renders man more vigorous, and 
makes him digest more readily in winter, to the 
augmentation of heat caused by Antiperistasis. 
ANTIPER'NIUS, from avn, 'against,' and 
Pernio, 'a chilblain.' A remedy against chil- 
blains;- as Unguen'tum antiper'nium, an oint- 
ment for chilblains. 
ANTIPERTUSSIS, see Zinci sulphas. 
ANTIPESTILENTIALIS, Antiloimic. 
ANTIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
ANTIPHLOGIS'TIC, Antiphlogis'ticus, from ANTIPHTHEIRIACA 
»vn, 'against/ and 'I burn.' Opposed 
to inflammation ;-as Antiphlogistic remedies, A. 
regimen, &c. 
ANTIPHTHEIRIACA, Antiphthiriaca, from 
am, 'against/ and <f>3eipiau>, 'I am lousy.' A 
remedy used to destroy lice. 
ANTIPHTHIS'ICAL, Antiphthis'icus, from 
am, 'against/ and <p3iais, 'consumption.* Op- 
posed to phthisis. 
ANTIPHYSICA, Carminatives. 
ANTIPHYS'ICAL, Antiphys'icus, from avrt, 
' against/ and Qvacw, ' I blow.' An expeller of 
wind: a carminative. 
It has also been used for any thing preterna- 
tural; here, the derivation is from avn, 'against/ 
and tjivatf, 'nature.' The French sometimes say, 
'Un gout antiphysique,' ' an unnatural taste.' 
ANTIPLAS'TIC, Antiplas'ticus, Plastilyt'ic, 
Plastilyt'icus, from avn, 'against/ and -r:\aanKos, 
' formative.' Antiformative. An agent that dimi- 
nishes the quantity of plastic matter-fibrin-in 
the bloods 
ANTIPLEURIT'IC, Antipleuret'icus, Anti- 
pleuret'ic, from am, 'against/ and irhivpins, 
'pleurisy.' Opposed to pleurisy. 
ANTIPNEUMON'IC, Antipneumon'icus, from 
am, ' against/ and rvev/jusvia, ' disease or inflam- 
mation of the lungs.' A remedy for disease or 
inflammation of the lungs. 
ANTIPODAGRIC, Antiarthritic. 
ANTIPRAX'IS, from avn, 'against/ and 
irpaaaw, ' I act.' A contrary state of different 
parts in the same patient: e. g. an increase of 
beat in one organ, and diminution in another. 
ANTIPSOR'IC, Ant ipso'ricus, Antisca'bions, 
from avn, ' against/ and ' the itch.' (F.) 
Antigaleux. Opposed to the itch. 
ANTIPUTRID, Antiseptic. 
ANTIPY'IC, Antipy'icus, from avn, 'against,' 
and rrvov, ' pus.' Opposed to suppuration. 
ANTIPYRETIC, Febrifuge. 
ANTIPYROT'IC, Antipyrot'icus, from avn, 
' against/ and m>p, ' fire.' Opposed to burns or 
to pvrosis. 
ANTIQUARTANA'RIUM, Antiquar'tium. A 
remedy formerly used against quartan fever. 
ANTIQUES, Chronic. 
ANTIRHACHIT'IC, Antirhachit'icus, from 
avn, 'against,' and rachitis. Opposed to rachitis, 
or rickets. 
ANTIRHEUMAT'IC, Antirrheumat'icus; from 
am, 'against/ and pcvpa, 'rheumatism.' A re- 
medy for rheumatism. 
ANTIRHINUM ACUTANGULUM, A. Lina- 
ria - a. Auriculatum, A. Elatine. 
Antirhi'num Elati'nE, A. auricula'tum, E. 
hasta'ta, Elati'ne, Lina'ria elati'ne, Cymbala'ria 
elati'ne, Fluellen or Female Speedwell, was for- 
merly used against scurvy and old ulcerations. 
Antirhi'num Hederaceum, A. Linaria - a. 
Hedersefolium, A. Linaria. 
Antirhi'num Lina'ria, A. hedera'ceum seu 
hedereefo'lium seu acutan'gulum, Lina'ria, L. 
vulga'ris seu cymbala'ria, Elati'ne cymbala'- 
ria, Oymbala'ria mura'lis, Osy'ris, Urina'ria, 
Common Toad Flax, (F.) Linaire. The leaves 
have a bitterish taste. They are reputed to be 
diuretic and cathartic. An ointment made from 
them has been extolled in hemorrhoids. 
ANTISCABIOUS, Antipsoric. 
ANTISCIRRHOUS, Anticancerous. 
ANTISCOLETICUS, Anthelmintic. 
ANTISCOLICUS, Anthelmintic. 
ANTISCORBU'TIC, Antiscorbu'ticus, from 
am, • against/ and scorbutus, ' the scurvy.' Op- 
posed to scurvy. 
ANTISCROF'ULOUS, Antiscroph'ulous, An- 
tiscrofulo'sus, Antistrumo'sus, Antichoerad'icus. 
Opposed to scrofula. 
86 
5 ANTRUM 
ANTISEP'TIC, Antisep'ticus, Antipu'trid, 
from am, 'against,' and arjrros, 'putrid.' Anti- 
putredino'sus. Opposed to putrefaction. The 
chief antiseptics, internally or externally em- 
ployed, are Acidum Muriaticum, Acidum Nitri- 
cum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Alumina sulphas, 
Carbo Ligni, Calx Chlorinata, Chlorinum, Cin- 
chona and its active principles, Creasote, Fauci 
Radix, Fermentum Cerevisia, Soda Chlorinata, 
and Zinci Ohloridum. 
ANTISIAL'AGOGUE, Antisialago'gus, Anti- 
ai'alus, from avn, ' against,' and aiahov, ' saliva.* 
A remedy against ptyalism. 
ANTISPASIS, Derivation, Revulsion. 
ANTISPASMOD'IC, Antispasmod'icua, Anti- 
spas'ticus, from avn, 'against,' and <nraw, 'I con- 
tract.' Opposed to spasm. The whole operation 
of antispasmodics is probably revulsive. The 
following are the chief reputed antispasmodics. 
xEther Sulphuricua, Aaafoetida, Castoreum, Dra- 
contium, Moschus, Oleum Animale Dippelii, and 
Valeriana-with the mental antispasmodics, ab- 
straction, powerful emotions, fear, Ac. Of direct 
antispasmodics, we have no example. 
ANTISPASTICUS, Antispasmodic, Deriva- 
tive. 
ANTISTASIS, Antagonism. 
ANTISTERIG'MA, from avn, 'against,' and 
arnpvypa, 'asupport.' A fulcrum, support, crutch. 
-Hippocrates. 
ANTISTER'NUM, from arvi, 'against,' and 
anpvov, ' the sternum.' The back.-Rufus. 
ANTISTRUMOUS, Antiscrofulous. 
ANTISYPHILIT 'IC, Antisyphilit'icut, from 
avn, 'against,' and syphilis, 'the venereal dis- 
ease.' Opposed to the venereal disease. 
ANTITASIS, Counter-extension. 
ANTITHENAR, Opponens pollicis, Adductor 
pollicis pedis. 
ANTITHERMA, Refrigerants. 
ANTITHORA, Aconitum anthora. 
ANTITRAG'ICUS, Antitra'geua, (F.) Muscle 
de VAntitragus, M. antitragien.-(Ch.) Belong- 
ing to the antitragus. A small muscle is so 
called, the existence of which is not constant. 
It occupies the space between the antitragus and 
anthelix. 
ANTITRAGIEN, Antitragicus. 
ANTIT'RAGUS, from avn, 'opposite to,' and 
rpayos, 'the tragus,' Antilo'bium, OUo'bium. A 
conical eminence on the pavilion of the ear, op- 
posite the tragus. 
ANTITYP'IA, from avn, 'against,' and rvirru, 
'I strike.' Resistance. Hardness. Repercussion. 
ANTITYPICUS, Antiperiodic. 
ANTIVENE'REAL, Antivene'reus, from uvn, 
'against,' and Venus, 'Venus.' The same as An- 
tisyphilitic. Formerly it was used synonymously 
with Antaphrodisiac. 
ANTIVERMICULAR, Antiperistaltic. 
ANTIVERMINOSUS, Anthelmintic. 
ANT'LI A or ANTLI'A, from avrhtiv, 'to 
pump out.' A syringe; a pump. Hence, Antlia 
lac'tea, Lactisu'gium, a breast-pump; and Antlia 
sanguisu'ga, Antibdella, Hiru'do artificia'lis, the 
exhausting syringe used in cupping. 
Antlia Gastrica, Stomach-pump. 
ANTODONTALGIC. Antiodontalgic. 
ANTODYNUS, Anodyne. 
ANTRAX, Anthrax. 
ANTRE, Antrum - a. d'Hyghmore, Antrum 
of Highmore. 
ANTROVERSIO, Anteversio. 
ANTRUM, 'A cavern,' Cavern'a, Bar'athrum, 
(F.) Antre. A name given to certain cavities in 
bones, the entrance to which is smaller than the 
bottom. 
Antrim Auris, Tympanum - a. Buccinosum, ANULUS 
Cochlea, Labyrinth - a. Dentale, see Tooth - a. 
Pylori, see Stomach. 
Antrum of Highmore, Antrum Ifighmoria'- 
tium, Antrum Gena, Antrum maxilla're vel max- 
il'la superio'ris, Genyan'trum, Max'illary Sinus, 
Sinus Gena pituita'rius, (F.) Antre d' Hyghmore, 
Sinus Maxillaire. A deep cavity in the sub- 
stance of the superior maxillary bone communi- 
cating with the middle meatus of the nose. It 
is lined by a prolongation of the Schneiderian 
membrane. 
ANULUS, Fossette. 
ANURESIS, Ischuria. 
ANURIA, Ischuria. 
ANUS, 'a circle,' Podex, Potex, Mol'yne, Jfo- 
lyn'ie, Dactyl'ion, Oath'edra, Cyr'ceon, Cys'saros, 
Cysthos, Aph'edra, Aph'edron, Hedra, Proctos, 
Archos, Sedes, Oulus, Cu'leon. The circular open- 
ing situate at the inferior extremity of the rectum, 
by which the excrement is expelled. The funda- 
ment. The seat. The body. The seat, (F.) Siege. 
Anus also signifies the anterior orifice of the 
Aqueduct of Sylvius. By some, this Anus, called 
also, Fora'men commu'ne poste'rius, has been 
supposed to form a communication between the 
back part of the third ventricle and the lateral 
ventricles. It is closed up, however, by the tela 
choroidea, and also by the fornix, which is inti- 
mately connected with this. The foramen is 
situate between the commissura mollis of the 
optic thalami and the pineal gland. 
Anus, Artificial. An opening made artifi- 
cially, to supply the natural anus. The term is 
often used to include preternatural anus. 
Anus, Contracted, (F.) Anas retrlci. A state 
of the anus when, from some cause, it is con- 
stricted. 
Anus, Imperforate. A malformation, in 
which there is no natural anus. See Atresia ani 
adnata. 
Anus, Preternat'ural, (F.) Anus centre na- 
ture, A. anormal. An accidental opening which 
gives issue to the whole or to a part of the faeces. 
It may be owing to a wound, or, which is most 
common, to gangrene attacking the intestine in 
a hernial sac. 
This term is also employed, as well as Anus 
devie, devious anus, to the case where the anus, in- 
stead of being in its natural situation, is in some 
neighbouring cavity, as the bladder, vagina, Ac. 
ANXI'ETY, Anxi'etas, Anxi'etude, Adamo'- 
nia, Dyspho'ria anxi' etas, Alys'mus, Al'yce, Al'~ 
ysis, Ase, from angere, Gr. ay%civ, 'to strangle, 
to suffocate.' A state of restlessness and agita- 
tion, with general indisposition, and a distressing 
sense of oppression at the epigastrium. Inquie- 
tude, anxiety, and anguish, represent degrees of 
the same condition. 
ANYPNIA, Insomnia. 
AOCHLE'SIA, from a, priv., and 'dis- 
turbance.' Tranquillity. Calmness. 
AOR'TA, Arte'ria magna, A. crassa, A. max'- 
ima, Hamal Axis, of Owen. (F.) Aorte. This 
name was given by Aristotle to the chief artery 
of the body. It may have been derived from 
aoprcopai, ' I am suspended,' as it seems to be 
suspended from the heart; or from ar/p, 'air,' and 
n/pew, ' I keep,' because it was supposed to con- 
tain air. It is probable that Hippocrates meant 
by aoprai the bronchia and their ramifications. 
The aorta is the common trunk of the arteries of 
the body. It arises from the left ventricle of the 
heart, about opposite to the fifth dorsal vertebra, 
passes upwards (ascending Aorta,) forms the great 
arch of the Aorta, and descends along the left 
of the spine (descending Aorta,) until it reaches 
the middle of the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra, 
where it bifurcates, to give origin to the common 
87 
APERIENT 
iliacs. The aorta is sometimes divided into the 
Thoracic or pectoral, and the Abdominal. For 
the arteries which arise from it, <fcc., see Artery. 
AORTEURYS'MA, from aopr>?, 'the aorta,' 
and cvpvj, 'dilated.' Aneurism of the Aorta, (F.) 
Anlvrysme de I'Aorte, Aortiectasie. By carefully 
auscultating over the dorsal vertebrae, a bellows* 
sound, with a deep and not always perceptible 
impulse, may be detected. 
AOR'TIC, Aor'ticus. Relating to the Aorta. 
The Aortic ventricle, (F.) Ventricle Aortique, is 
the left ventricle. The Aortic valves are the sig- 
moid valves at the origin of the Aorta, <fcc. 
A011TIE0TASIE, Aorteurysma. 
AORTI'TIS, Zn/Zamma'tfo Aor'ta, from Aorta, 
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
of the aorta. 
AORTRA, Aortron. A lobe of the lungs.- 
Hippocrates. 
AO'TUS, from a, privative, and ovj, 'an ear.' 
A monster devoid of ears.-Gurlt. 
APAG'MA, Apoclas'ma, Apocecaulis'menon, 
from airo, ' from,' and ayw, ' I remove.' Separa- 
tion, abduction. Separation of a fractured bone. 
-Galenus, Foesius. 
APAGOGE, Defecation, Inductio. 
APALACHINE, Ilex vomitoria-a. a Feuilles 
de Prunier, Prinos-a. Gallis, Ilex vomitoria. 
APAL'LAGE, Apallax'is, from azaXarrw, 'I 
change.' Mutation, change. It is generally 
taken in a good sense, and means the change 
from disease to health.-Hippocrates. 
APALLAXIS, Apallage. 
APALOT'ICA, from ar:a\oTts, 'softness, ten- 
derness.' Fortuitous lesions or deformities affect- 
ing the soft parts. The first order in the class 
Tychica, of Good. 
APANTHESIS, Apanthismus. 
APANTHIS'MUS, Apanthe'sis, from azo, 
'from,' and avOcw, 'I flower.' The obliteration 
of parts previously inservient to useful purposes, 
as of the ductus venosus and ductus arteriosus, 
which are essential to foetal existence, but are 
subsequently unnecessary. See, also, Stuprum. 
APANTHRO'PIA, from azo, 'from,' and av- 
3pa>7rof, ' man.' Detestation of man ; desire for 
solitude.-Hippocrates. One of the symptoms of 
hypochondriasis. 
APAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
APARACH'YTUM VINUM, from a, priv., 
and 'I pour over.' The purest wine: 
that which has not been mixed with sea-water.- 
Galen. 
APARINE, Galium aparine-a. Hispida, Ga- 
lium aparine. 
APARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
AP'ATHY, Apathi'a, Ameli'a, from a, priva- 
tive, and zaSoj, 'affection.' (F.) Apathie. Ac- 
cidental suspension of the moral feelings. It 
takes place in very severe diseases, particularly 
in malignant fevers. 
APECHE'MA, from azo, 'from,' and nx°s, 
' sound.' Properly the action of reflecting sound. 
In medicine, it is synonymous with the Latin 
Oontrafissura, a counter-fissure, a counter-blow. 
-Gorrteus, Celsus. 
APECTOCEPHALUS, Acephalothorus. 
APEL'LA, Appel'la, Leipoder'mos, Recuti'tus, 
from a, priv., and pellis, ' skin.' One whose pre- 
puce does not cover the glans. - Galenus, Lin- 
naeus, Vogel. Retraction or smallness of any 
other soft appendage.-Sagar. One who is cir- 
cumcised. 
APEPSIA, Dyspepsia. 
APE'RIENT, Ape'riens, Aperiti'vus, from ape • 
rire, (ad and pario,) 'to open.' Jies'erans. A 
laxative. (F.) Aperitif. A medicine which 
gently opens the bowels. The term had for- APERISTATON 
merly a much more extensive signification, and, 
like Catalyt'icum, was given to a substance sup- 
posed to nave the power of opening any of the 
passages, and even the blood-vessels. 
APERIS'TATON, Aperis'tatum, from a, pri- 
vative, and irepiirrriiii, ' I surround.' An epithet 
for an ulcer not dangerous nor considerable, nor 
surrounded by inflammation. 
APERITIF, Aperient. 
APERITIVES, Aperient. 
APERTOR OCULI, Levator palpebrae superi- 
oris. 
APERTO'RIUM, from aperio, 'I open.' An 
instrument for dilating the os uteri during labour. 
APERTURA, Mouth-a. Anterior ventriculi 
tertii cerebri, Vulva (cerebri)-a. Pelvis superior, 
see Pelvis. 
APEUTHYSMENOS, Rectum. 
APEX, Mucro. The point or extremity of a 
part:-as the apex of the tongue, nose, &c. 
Apex Lingua, Proglossis. 
APH2ERESIS, Apheresis, Extirpation. 
APHALANGI'ASIS, from a, ' intensive,' and 
</>aXayl-, 'phalanx.' The fourth stage of Oriental 
leprosy, which is recognised chiefly by a gangre- 
nous condition of the fingers. 
APHASSOM'ENOS, from 'I touch, I 
feel.' The touching of the parts of generation 
of the female as a means of diagnosis. - Hippo- 
crates. See Esaphe. 
APHEDRA, Anus. 
APHEDRIA, Menses. 
APHEDRON, Anus. 
A PH ELI'A, afpcXrjs, 'simple.' Simplicity. 
The simple manners of the sect of Methodists in 
teaching and practising medicine. 
APHELX'IA, from 'I abstract.' Vo- 
luntary inactivity of the whole or the greater 
part of the external senses to the impressions of 
surrounding objects, during wakefulness. Re- 
very, (F.) Reverie. Dr. Good has introduced 
this into his Nosology, as well as Aphelr'ia so- 
cors or absence of mind-A. inten'ta or abstrac- 
tion of mind: and A. otio'sa, Stu'dium ina'ne, 
brown study or listless musing. 
APHEPSEMA, Decoction. 
APHEPSIS, Decoction. 
APHE'RESIS, Apha'resis, from a<patpcu>, 'I 
take away.' An operation by which any part of 
the body is separated from the other. Hippo- 
crates, according to Foesius, uses the expression 
Apha' resis San'guinis for excessive hemorrhage} 
and Sennertus, to express the condition of an 
animal deprived both of the faculties of the mind 
and of the mind itself. 
APH'ESIS, from a<pinph 'I relax.' A remis- 
sion. This word expresses sometimes the dimi- 
nution or cessation of a disease; at others, lan- 
guor and debility of the lower extremities. See 
Languor, and Remission. 
APHILAN'THROPY, Aphilanthro'pia, from a, 
privative, QiXew, ' I love,' and ' a man.' 
Dislike to man. Love of solitude. Vogel has 
given this name to the first degree of melancholy. 
APHISTESIS, Abscess. 
APHODEUMA, Excrement. 
APHODUS, Excrement. 
APHONETUS, Aphonus. 
APHO'NIA, Liga'tio lingua, Loque'la abol'ita, 
Defec'tus loque'la, Dyspho'nia, (of some,) Aph'- 
ony, (F.) Aphonie, Perte de la Voir, from a, pri- 
vative, and <pu>vr), ' voice.' Privation of voice, or 
of the sounds that ought to be produced in the 
glottis. When aphonia forms part of catarrh or 
of 'cold,' it is commonly of but little consequence; 
but when produced by causes acting on the ner- 
vous system, as by some powerful emotion, or 
without any appreciable lesion of the vocal appa- 
88 
APIONTA 
ratus, flLaryngo-paralysis,') it frequently resists 
all remedies. 
Aphonia, Catalepsy - a. Surdorum, Mutitas 
Surdorum. 
APHONICUS, Aphonus. 
APHO'NUS, Apho'nicus, Apho'netus ,• same 
etymon. Relating to aphonia. 
APHONY, Aphonia. 
APHORIA, Sterilitas. 
APHORICUS, Sterile. 
APHORUS, Sterile. 
APHOR'ME, atpopyri, 'occasion.' The exter- 
nal and manifest cause of any thing. The occa- 
sional cause of a disease.-Hippocrates. 
APHRO'DES, 'frothy,' from a<f>pos, 'foam,' 
and tiios, 'resemblance.' Applied to the blood 
and the excrements.-Hippocrates. 
APHRODISIA, Coition, Puberty. 
APHRODIS'IAC, Aphrodisiacus, from A0po- 
btrr), 'Venus.' (F.) Aphrodisiaque. Medicine 
or food believed to be capable of exciting to the 
pleasures of love; as ginger, cantharides, <fcc. 
They are generally stimulants. 
APHRODISIACUS, Venereal. 
APHRODISIASMUS, Coition. 
APHRODISIOG'RAPHY, from 'Ve- 
nus,' and ' I describe.' Etymologically, 
this term means a description of the pleasures of 
love, but it has been placed at the head of a work 
describing the venereal disease. 
APIIROG'ALA, from atppos, 'foam,' and ya\a, 
' milk.' Lac spumo' sum. A name formerly given 
to milk rendered frothy by agitation. 
APHRONIA, Apoplexy. 
APHRONITRUM. Natrum, Soda. 
APHROSYNE, Delirium, Insanity. 
APHTHA?, Aphtce, Aptha, from airrw, 'I in- 
flame.' Thrush or sore mouth, Aphtha lactu'ci- 
men, A. Infan'tum, Lactu'cimen, Lactucim'ina, 
Al'col a, Lactu'mina, Em'phlysis aphtha, Ulcera 
serpen'tia oris, Pus'tula oris, Febris aphtho'sa, 
Angi'na aphtho'sa, Vesic'uloe gingiva'rum, Sto- 
mati'tis exsudati'va, S. vesiculo' sa infan'tum, Sto- 
map'yra, S. aphtha, Prunel'la, White Thrush, 
Milk Thrush. Aphthae consist of roundish, pearl- 
coloured vesicles, confined to the lips, mouth, 
and intestinal canal, and generally terminating 
in curd-like sloughs. In France, the Aphthae of 
children, Aphthes des Enfans, is called Muguet, 
Millet, Blanchet, Catarrhe buccal and Stomatite 
cremeuse pultacie, Pultaceous inflammation of 
the Mouth ; and generally receives two divisions 
-the mild or discreet, (F.) Muguet binin ou dis- 
creet, and the malignant, (F.) Muguet matin ou 
confluent, the Black Thrush. Common Thrush is 
a disease of no consequence, requiring merely 
the use of absorbent laxatives. The malignant 
variety, which is rare, is of a more serious cha- 
racter, and is accompanied with typhoid symp- 
toms,-Typhus aphtho'ideus. 
Aphtha Adultorum, Stomatitis, aphthous-a. 
Praeputii, Herpes praeputii-a. Serpentes, Cancer 
aquaticus. , 
APHTHE GANGRENEUX, Cancer aqua- 
ticus. 
APHTHES DES ENFANS, Aphthae. 
APHTHEUX, Aphthous. 
APHTHO'DES, Aphthoiides, Aphtho'ideus, from 
aphtha, and uios, 'resemblance.' Aphthous-like. 
Resembling aphthae. 
APH'THOUS, Aphtho'sus, (F.) Aphtheux. Be- 
longing to aphthae; complicated with aphthae; 
as Aphthous Fever. 
APIASTRUM, Melissa. 
APICES CRURUM MEDULLA? OBLON- 
GATA?, Corpora striata-a. Digitorum, Pupulae. 
APILEPSIA, Apoplexy. 
APIONTA, see Excretion. APIOS 
APIOS, Pyrus communis. 
APIS, Bee. 
API'TES, from airiov, 'a pear.' Perry.-Gor- 
raeus. 
APIUM, A. graveolens-a. Ammi, Ammi - a. 
Anisum, Pimpinella anisum-a. Carvi, Carum. 
Apium Graveolens, Apium Paluda'pium, 
Beli'num, Ses'eli graveolens, Slum graveolens, S. 
a'pium, Smallage, (F.) Ache. Nat. Ord. Um- 
belliferas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
plants, roots, and seeds are aperient and carmi- 
native. Selery is a variety of this. 
Apium Hortense, A. graveolens-a. Monta- 
num, Athamanta aureoselinum - a. Paludapium, 
A. Graveolens-a. Petrseum, Bubon Macedonicum. 
Apium Petroseli'num, Apium Horten'se seu 
vulga're, Eleoseli'num (,?), Grielum, Petroseli'- 
num, Common Parsley, (F.) Persil. The root- 
Petroselinum, (Ph. U. S.)-and seeds are diuretic 
and aperient. 
Apium Sium, Sium nodiflorum-a. Vulgare, A. 
graveolens? 
APLAS'TIC, Aplas'ti'ciw, from a, privative, 
and pXaacrw, ' I form.' That which is not capable 
of forming; that which does not serve to form, 
or is not organizable. 
Aplastic Element ; one which is unsuscep- 
tible of any farther amount of organization.- 
Gerber. 
APLESTIA, Ingluvies, Intemperance. 
APLEU'ROS, from a, privative, and rXevpof, 
'a rib.' One without ribs.-Hippocrates, Galen. 
APLOT'OMY, Aplotom'ia, from arXoos, ' sim- 
ple,' and rcpvoi, ' I cut.' A simple incision. 
APNEUSTIA, Apncea, Asphyxia. 
APNCE'A, from a, privative, and irveat, 'I re- 
spire.' Asphyx'ia, Apneus'tia. Absence of re- 
spiration, Respira'tio abol'ita, or insensible respi- 
ration. Also, Orthopnoea. 
Apncea Infantum, Asthma Thymicum. 
APNCE ASPHYXIA, Asphyxia. 
APNUS, arvoos, same etymon. One devoid of 
respiration. An epithet applied by authors to 
cases in which the respiration is so small and 
slow, that it seems suspended. - Castelli. It is 
probable, however, that the word was always ap- 
plied to the patient, not to the disease. 
APO, ano, a prefix denoting 'from, of, off, out.' 
Hence- 
APOBAMMA, Embamma. 
APOBAINON, Eventus. 
APOBESOMENON, Eventus. 
APOBIOSIS, Death. 
APOBLEMA, Abortion. 
APOBOLE, Abortion. 
APOBRASMA, Furfur. 
APOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
APOCATASTASIS, Considentia, Restauratio. 
APOCATHARSIS, Catharsis. 
APOCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
APOCECAULISMENON, Apagma. 
APOCENO'SIS, Aposceno'sis, from aro, 'out,' 
and Kevuais, 'evacuation.* A partial evacuation, 
according to some, in opposition to Cenosis, which 
signifies a general evacuation.-Cullen and Swe- 
diaur apply it to morbid fluxes. 
Apocenosis, Abevacuatio-a. Diabetes melli- 
tus, Diabetes-a. Ptyalismus mellitus, see Saliva- 
tion-a. Vomitus pyrosis, Pyrosis. 
APOCIIOREOX, Excrement. 
APOCHREMMA, Sputum. 
APOCHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
APOCH'YMA, from ' I pour out.' A 
sort of tar, obtained from old ships, which is im- 
pregnated with chloride of sodium. It was used 
ns a discutient of tumours. - Aetius, Paulus, 
89 
) APOLYSIA 
APOCIN GOBE-MOUCHE, Apocynum an- 
drosaemifolium. 
APOCLASMA, Abduction, Apagma. 
APOCLEISIS, Asi,tia, Disgust. 
APOC'OPE, from airo, and Koitretv, 'to cut.' 
Abscission. A wound with loss of substance. 
Fracture with loss of part of a bone. Amputa- 
tion. 
APOCOPUS, Castratus. 
APOCRISIS, Contagion, Excrement, Secre- 
tion. 
APOCROUS'TIC, Apocrons'tica seu Apocrus'- 
tica, (remed'ia,) from azo, 'out,' and zpovo), 'I 
push.' An astringent and repellent.-Galenus. 
APOCRUSTICA, Apocroustic. 
APOCYESIS, Parturition. 
APOC"YNUM ANDROSAlMIFO'LIUM.from 
azo, and kvwv, ' a dog,' because esteemed, of old, 
to be fatal to dogs. Dog's Bane, Bitter Dog's 
Bane, Milkweed, Bitterroot, Honeybloom., Catch- 
fly, Flytrap, Ip'ecac, (F.) Apocin gobe-mouche, 
A. amer. Nat. Ord. Apocyneae. Sex. Syst. Pent- 
andria Digynia. The root of this plant is found 
from Canada to Carolina. Thirty grains evacu- 
ate the stomach as effectually as two-thirds of 
the amount of Ipecacuanha, by which name it is 
known in various parts of the eastern states. It 
is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of 
the United States. 
Apoc"ynum Cannab'inum, Indian Hemp. This 
American plant possesses emetic, cathartic, dia- 
phoretic and diuretic properties, and has been 
strongly recommended in dropsy. It has been 
given in decoction, - gij the root boiled in 
three pints of water to two. A wine-glassful for 
a dose. 
Apocynum Nova: Anglia: Hirsutum, Ascle- 
pias tuberosa-a. Orange, Asclepias tuberosa-a. 
Scandens, Allamanda. 
APODACRYT'ICUS, Delachrymati'vus, from 
azo, 'from,' and <5a<q>vw, 'I weep. A substance, 
supposed to occasion a flow of the tears, and then 
to arrest them.-Columella, Pliny, Galenus. 
APODEMIALGIA, Nostalgia. 
APOD'IA, from a, privative, and zovj, 'a foot.' 
Want of feet; hence Apous or Apus, one who has 
no feet. 
A P 0 D YT E' RIU M, Coniste'rium, Spoliato'- 
rium, Spolia'rium, from azo<5v<o, 'I strip off.' The 
ante-room, where the bathers stripped themselves 
in the ancient gymnasia. 
APOGALACTISMUS, Weaning. 
APOGALACTOS, Exuber. 
APOGEUSIS, Ageustia. 
APOGEUSTIA, Ageustia. 
APOGLAUCOSIS, Glaucosis. 
APOGON, Imberbis. 
APOG'ONUM, from azo, and yivoyai, 'I exist.' 
A living foetus in utero.-Hippocrates. 
APOLEPISIS, Desquamation. 
APOLEPISMUS, Desquamation. 
APOLEP'SIS, Apolep'sia, Apolip'sis, from 
'I retain.' Retention, suppression. 
-Hippocrates. Asphyxia. 
APOLEX'IS, from azoAi/yw, 'I cease.' Old 
age, decrepitude. 
APOLINO'SIS, from azo, and \ivov, 'a flaxen 
thread.' The mode of operating for fistula in 
ano, by means of a thread of Homolinon or Zi'nwm 
crudum.-Hippocrates, Paulus. 
APOLIPSIS, Apolepsis. 
APOLLINARIS ALTERCUM, Hyoscyamus 
APOLUTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
APOLYS'IA, Apol'ysis, fromazoXvw, 'Iloosen.' 
Solution. Relaxation. Debility of the limbs or 
looseness of bandages.-Erotian. Expulsion of 
the foetus and its dependencies. Termination of 
a disease.-Hippocrates, Galen. APOMATHEMA 
APOMATHE'MA, Apomathe'sis, from arto, and 
Morava, 'I learn.* Forgetfulness of things taught. 
-Hippocrates. 
APOM'ELI, from aro, 'of,' and ptXi, 'honey.* 
An oxymel or decoction made of honey.-Galen, 
Aetius, Paulus, Ac. 
APOMEXIS, Munctio. 
APOMYLE'NAS, from aropv\Xaivu>, 'I make 
a wry mouth.' One who pushes his lips forwards, 
pressing them against each other. Occasionally 
a symptom of nervous fever.-Galen, Erotian. 
APOMYTHO'SIS, from airopvaaw, 'I snore.' 
A disease in which there is stertor.-Sauvages, 
Sagar. 
APOMYXIA, Nasal mucus. 
APONEUROG'RAPHY, Aponeurogra'phia, 
from arovtvpoiaii, an 'aponeurosis,' and ypaipn, 
'a description.' A description of the Aponeu- 
roses. 
APONEUROL'O GY, Aponeurolog" ia, from 
ajrorcvpoxns, ' an aponeurosis.' and Xoyoj, ' a dis- 
course.' Aponeurosiol'ogy. The anatomy of the 
aponeuroses. 
APONEUROSIOLOGY, Aponeurology. 
APONEURO'SIS, Aponevro'sis, from ano, 
'from,' and vivpov, 'a nerve.' Pronerva'tio, De- 
nerva'tio, Enerva'tio, Expan'sio nervo'sa, (F.) 
Aponeurose, Aponevrose. The ancients called 
every white part vtvpov, and regarded the Apo- 
neurosis as a nervous expansion. The Aponeu- 
roses are white, shining membranes, very resist- 
ing, and composed of fibres interlaced. Some 
are continuous with the muscular fibres, and differ 
only from tendons by their flat form. They are 
called Aponeuroses of insertion, (F.) Aponeuroses 
d'insertion, when they are at the extremities of 
muscles, and attach them to the bone;-Aponeu- 
roses of intersection, (F.) Aponeuroses d'intersec- 
tion, if they interrupt the continuity of the mus- 
cle, and are continuous on both sides with mus- 
cular fibres. Others surround the muscle, and 
prevent its displacement: they are called envelop- 
ing Aponeuroses, (F.) Aponfvroses d'enveloppe. 
Aponeurosis, Fascia-a. Crural, Fascia lata- 
a. Femoral, Fascia lata-a. Iliac, Fascia iliaca. 
APONEUROSI'TIS, from aponeurosis, and 
itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
an aponeurosis. 
APONEUROT'IC, Aponeurot'icus. What re- 
lates to Aponeuroses :-thus, we say Aponeurotic 
expansion, Aponeurotic muscle, Ac. 
APONEUROT'OMY, Aponeurotom'ia, from 
arrovevpaxris, 'aponeurosis,' and Tcpvu, 'I cut.' 
Anatomy of aponeuroses. 
Aponeurotomy has, also, been proposed for the 
division, (debridement) of filaments, Ac., in apo- 
neurotic openings, and for the section of fasciae. 
APONEVROSE PE DIEUSE, see Pedal 
Aponeurosis-a. Superficielle de I'Abdomen et de 
la Ouisse, Fascia superficialis. 
APONEVROSIS, Aponeurosis. 
APON'IA, from a, privative, and irovos, 'pain.' 
Freedom from pain. 
APONIPSIS, Ablution. 
APOPALLE'SIS, Apopal'sis, from airoraXXw, 
'I throw off.' Expulsion. Protrusion.-Hippo- 
crates. Also, Abortion. 
APOPATE'MA, Apop'athos, Apop'atus. The 
excrement, and the place where it is deposited.- 
Dioscorides, Erotian. 
APOPEDASIS, Luxation. 
APOPHLEGMATISANS PER NARES, Er- 
rhine-a. per Os, Sialogogue. 
APOPHLEGMATISAN'TIA, Apopblegmati- 
son'ta, Apophlegmatis'mi, from a-o, ' out,' and 
' phlegm.' Medicines which facilitate the 
upward expulsion of mucus from the mucous 
90 
APOPLEXIA 
membrane of the digestive or air passages; as 
gargles, masticatories, Ac. 
APOPHLEG'MATISM, Apophlegmatis' mus. 
The action of Apophlegmatisantia.-Galen. 
APOPHLEGMATISMI, Apophlegmatisantia. 
APOPH'RADES, from anotppas, 'unlucky.' 
An epithet applied to unlucky days, (dies ne- 
fandi.) Days on which a favourable change 
is not expected to occur in a disease.-A. Lau- 
rentius. 
APOPHRAXIS, Amenorrhoea. 
APOPHTIIAR'MA, Apoph'thora, from ano, 
and <f>3cipw, ' I corrupt.' Abortion, as well as a 
medicine to procure abortion. 
APOPHTIIORA, Abortion. 
APOPHTHORIUS, Abortive. 
APOPHY'ADES, from ano, 'from,' and 
' I spring.' The ramifications of veins and arte- 
ries.-Hippocrates. 
APOPHYSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary process 
-a. Engainante ou vaginate, Vaginal process- 
a. Pyramidale, see Temporal Bone - a. Petrie, 
see Temporal Bone. z 
APOPHYSES E PINEUSES, Spinous pro- 
cesses of the vertebra). 
APOPH'YSIS, from ano, 'from,' and 0vw, 'I 
rise,' Ec'physis, Proces'sus, Appendix, A process 
of a bone, Prominen'tia ossis cantin'ua. When 
the apophysis is yet separated from the body of 
the bone by intervening cartilage, it is called 
Epiph'ysis. The apophyses or processes are, at 
times, distinguished by epithets, expressive of 
their form : as A. styloid, A. coracoid, Ac. Others 
are not preceded by the word apophysis; as Tro- 
chanter, Tuberosity, Ac. 
Apoph'ysis of Ingras'sias is a term applied 
to the lesser ala of the sphenoid bone. 
Apophysis of Rau, Grele apophyse du Jlar- 
teau : see Malleus. 
Apophysis Zygomatica, Zygomatic process. 
APOPIES'MA, from anonufa, ' I compress.' 
Hippocrates uses the term to signify a fancied 
expression or forcing out of humours by the 
application of bandages in wounds and frac- 
APOPLANESIS, Error loci. 
APOPLEC'TIC, Apoplec'ticus. Referring to 
Apoplexy. This word has various significations. 
It is applied, 1. To individuals labouring under 
apoplexy: 2. To remedies proper for combating 
apoplexy: 3. To the constitution, temperament, 
or make, Architectu'ra apoplec'tica, Hab'itus 
apoplec'ticus, which predisposes to it, and, 4. To 
the symptoms which characterize apoplexy; as 
Apoplectic sleep, A. stroke, A. stertor, Ac. The 
jugular veins have also, by some, been called 
Apoplectic veins, Vena. apoplec'ticce. 
APOPLECTICUS, Antiapoplectic, Apoplectic. 
Apoplectic Cell. A cavity remaining in the 
encephalon, after the effusion of blood and its 
subsequent absorption. 
APOPLEXIA, Apoplexy-a. Catalepsia, Cata- 
lepsia-a. Cerebralis, see Apoplexy-a. Cerebri, 
see Apoplexy-a. Cordis, Hsemocardiorrhagia- 
a. Hydrocephalica, Hydrocephalus internus-a. 
Hepatica, Ilepatorrhagia-a. Medullaris, Apo- 
plexia myelitica-a. Meningaea, Apoplexy, me- 
ningeal. 
Apoplexia Myelit'ica; A. Medulla'ris, A. 
Spina'hs, A. Rachia'lis, Hcemor'rhachis, Nyelor- 
rhag"ia, Myclapoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie de la 
Moelle (piniire, llemorrhagie de la Moelle epini- 
ire, Hemato-myilie, Himo-myelorrhagie, lle'ma- 
torrhachis. Hemorrhage into the spinal marrow. 
Apoplexia Nervosa, Apoplexy, nervous-a. 
Nervosa traumatica, Concussion of the brain - a. 
Pituitosa, see Apoplexy-a. Pulmonalis, see Hae- 
moptysis- a. Pulmonum, see Haemoptysis - a. APOPLEXIE CAP ILL AIRE 
Renalis, Apoplexy, renal-a. Rachialis, A. mye- 
litica - a. Sanguinea, see Apoplexy - a. Serosa, 
see Apoplexy-a. Simplex, Apoplexy, nervous- 
a. Spasmodica, Apoplexy, nervous - a. Spinalis, 
Apoplexia myelitica - a. Temulenta, see Temu- 
lentia. 
APOPLEXIE CAPILLAIRE, Mollities ce- 
rebri-a. Ciribrale, Apoplexy, Himorrhagie ciri- 
brale. 
APOPLEXIE FOUDROYANTE, 'Thun- 
dering Apoplexy? A form of apoplexy, which 
is intense and rapidly fatal. 
APOPLEXIE MEN INGEE, Apoplexy, me- 
ningeal - a. De la Moelle Epiniere, Apoplexy, 
spinal. 
AP'OPLEXY, Apoplex'ia, from a-zoTthrirrciv, 
'to strike with violence? At the present day, 
the term apoplexy is employed by many writers 
to signify interstitial hemorrhage, (F.) Himor- 
rhagie interstitielle, or every effusion of blood, 
which occurs suddenly into the substance of an 
organ or tissue. Hence, we speak of cerebral 
apoplexy, pulmonary apoplexy, <fcc. &c. For- 
merly it was always - and still is by many - 
used in a restricted sense, to signify, in other 
words, the train of phenomena, which cha- 
racterize cerebral apoplexy. This disease, Hcb- 
morrha'gia Cer'ebri, Aphro'nia, Carus Apoplex'ia, 
Coma Apoplex'ia, Apoplex'ia cer'ebri sanguin'ea, 
A. cerebra'lie, Encephalorrhag"ia, San' guinis 
ictus, Hamatenceph'alum, Pulpez'ia, Sidera'tio, 
Apileps'ia, Morbus atton'itus, Gutta, Theople'gia, 
Theoplex'ia, (F.) Apoplexie, A. ciribrale, Hima- 
to'encephalie, Coup de sang, is characterized by 
diminution, or loss of sensation and mental ma- 
nifestation ; by the cessation, more or less com- 
plete, of motion; and by a comatose state,-cir- 
culation and respiration continuing. It generally 
consists in pressure upon the brain; either from 
turgescence of vessels, or from extravasation of 
blood : hence the terms Heemenceph'alus, Himor- 
rhagie ceribrale, and Himoencephalorrhagie, ap- 
plied to it by some. The general prognosis is 
unfavourable ; especially when it occurs after the 
age of 35. When Apoplexy is accompanied with 
a hard, full pulse, and flushed countenance, it is 
called Apoplexia sanguin'ea, Cataph'ora coma ; 
when with a feeble pulse and pale countenance, 
and evidences of serous effusion, Apoplex'ia se- 
ro'sa, A. pituito'sa, Serous Apoplexy, Cataph'ora 
hydrocephal'ica, Encephaloch'ysis seni'lis, Hydro- 
ceph'alus acu'tus senum, Hydroencephalorrhie, 
(Piorry), Hydropisie ciribrale suraigue, Hydror- 
rhagie. 
In Nervous Apoplexy, Apoplex'ia nervo'sa seu 
spasmod'ica, A. simplex, Simple apoplexy, no le- 
sion whatever may be perceptible on dissection, 
although the patient may have died under all the 
phenomena that are characteristic of apoplexy. 
Apoplexy of the Heart, Haemocardior- 
rhagia. 
Apoplexy, Meninge'al, Apoplex'ia menin- 
ga-.'a, (F.) Apoplexie miningie, Himorrhagie mi- 
ningie. Hemorrhage from the meninges of the 
brain or spinal marrow, generally into the great 
cavity of the arachnoid. 
Apoplexy, Nervous, see Apoplexy-a. Pul- 
monary, see Hmmoptysis-a. Simple, A. Nervous. 
Apoplexy, Renal, Apoplex'ia rena'lis. A 
condition of the kidney, characterized by knotty, 
irregular, tuberculated eminences, some of a deep 
black colour. Effusion of blood into the sub- 
stance of the kidney. 
Apoplexy, Serous, see Apoplexy-a. Spinal, 
Apoplexia myelitica. 
APOPNEUSIS, Exhalatio. 
APOPNIXIS. Suffocation. 
91 
APOSTERIGMA 
APOPNOE, Exspiratio. 
APOPNCEA, Exspiratio. 
APOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
APOPTO'SIS, from anoTnirrw, 'I fall down.* 
A relaxation of bandages.-Erotian. 
APORRHOE, Aporrhoea. 
APORRIICE'A, Apor'rhoe, Apor'rhysis, Defiu'- 
vium, from aropptai, ' I flow from.' An emana- 
tion, effluvium, contagion.-Moschion. A falling 
off of the hair, according to some. 
APORRIIYSIS, Aporrhoea. 
APOSCEM'MA, Aposcep'sis, from aroaKijrw. 
' I lie down, I direct myself towards.' Afflux of 
fluids towards a part. Metastasis. The first 
word has been applied to the excrements.-Hip- 
pocrates, Galen. 
APOSCENOSIS, Apocenosis. 
APOSCEPARNIS'MUS, Deascia'tio, from ano 
and aKcnapvov, 'a hatchet.' Wound of the cra- 
nium, by a cutting instrument, in which a piece 
of the hone has been cut out, as with a hatchet. 
-Gorrseus. 
APOSCEPSIS, Aposcemma. 
APOS'CHASIS, Aposchas'mus, from 
'I scarify.' Scarified'tion. A slight superficial 
incision in the skin. Also, blood-letting.-Hip- 
pocrates. 
APOS'IA, Sitis defec'tus, from a, privative, 
and iroffif, 'drink.' Want of thirst, absence of 
desire for liquids. 
APOSI'TlA, from ano, ' from,' and atros, ' food.' 
Aversion for food.-Galen. See Disgust. 
APOSIT'IC, Aposit'icus ; the same etymology. 
Any substance w'hich destroys the appetite, or 
suspends hunger. 
APOSPAS'MA, from asoanaui, 'I tear or lace- 
rate.' (F.) Arrachement. A solution of conti- 
nuity, especially of a ligament; Rhegma liga- 
menta're, Lacera'tio ligamenta'ria. 
APOSPHACEL'ISIS, Aposphacelis'mus, from 
ano, and v<paKt\os, 'mortification.' Gangrene in 
wounds and fractures, owing to the handages 
being too tight.-Hippocrates. 
APOSPHINX'IS, constriction, 
compression. The action of a tight bandage.- 
Hippocrates. 
APOSPONGIS'MUS, the act of sponging for 
any purpose.-Gorraaus. 
APOSTALAG'MA, Apostag'ma, from ano, 
'from,' and arahafa, ' I drop.' The ancient name 
for the saccharine liquor which flows from grapes 
when not yet pressed. 
APOS'TASIS, from ano, and lortyii, ' I stop.' 
The ancients had different significations for this 
word. It was most commonly used for an ab- 
scess. The separation of a fragment of bone by 
fracture. Removal of disease by some excre- 
tion, Ac. 
APOSTAX'IS, from anoarafa, 'I distil from.' 
Staxis. The defluxion of any humour, as of 
blood from the nose.-Hippocrates. 
APOSTE'MA, from ano, 'from,' and icTTi/jii, ' I 
settle,' or from a<fioTi)/u, ' I recede from.' This 
word is used by the ancients somewhat vaguely. 
It meant an affection in which parts, previously 
in contact, are separated from each other by a 
fluid collected between them. The moderns re- 
gard it as synonymous with Abscess. Some, even 
of the moderns, have applied it to any watery 
tumour, and even to tumours in general. 
Apostema Cerebri, Encephalopyosis-a. Em- 
pyema, Empyema-a. Parulis, Parulis-a. Pha- 
langum, Fourche-a. Psoaticum, Lumbar abscess. 
APOSTERIG'MA, from anoorripifya, i I sup- 
port.' Any thing that supports a diseased part, 
as a cushion, a pillow, Ac.- Galen. A deep- 
seated and inveterate disease of the intestines.- 
Hippocrates. AP08THIA 
APOS'THIA, Leipoder'mia, from a privative, 
and iroadia, 'prepuce.' Want of prepuce. 
APOSTOLO'RUM UNGUENT'UM, Dodeca- 
phar'macum, Ointment of the Apostles. So called, 
because as many solid ingredients entered into 
its composition as there were apostles. It con- 
tained several resins and gum-resins, yellow wax, 
oil, vinegar, verdigris, <fcc., and was formerly em- 
ployed as a vulnerary. 
APOS'TROPHE, from airo, and 'I 
turn.' An aversion or disgust for food.-Paulus. 
Also, the direction of humours towards other parts. 
APOSYRMA, Abrasion, Desquamation. 
APOTELES'MA, from aro, and rcXeaga, 'com- 
pletion.' The result or termination of a disease. 
See, also, Amuletum. 
APOTHANASIA, see Death. 
APOTHE' C A, Pharmace' urn, Pharmacopo'lium, 
from aito, and ndnixi, 'to place.' Any place where 
things are kept, and therefore 'a shop,' and par- 
ticularly a wine cellar. A place or vessel wherein 
medicines are kept. See Pharmacopolium. 
APOTHECARIES' HALL. The Hall of the 
Corporation or Society of Apothecaries of Lon- 
don, where medicines are prepared and sold 
under their direction, &c. This Company ob- 
tained a charter of incorporation in the 15th year 
of James the First. No general practitioner can 
establish himself in England or Wales, without 
having obtained a license from the Court of Ex- 
aminers of the Company. 
APOTH'ECARY, Apotheca'rius, Dispensa'tor, 
Pharmaeopo'la, Pigmenta'rius, Pharmacopoe'us, 
Pharma' ceus, Pharmaceu'ta, Rhizot'omus, My- 
ropo'les, Myropo'lus, Pharmacter, Pharmacur'- 
gicus, Pharmacur'gus, Pharmaceu'tist, same deri- 
vation, (F.) Apothicaire, Pharmacicn, Pharma- 
c.opole. In every country except Great Britain, 
it means one who sells drugs, makes up prescrip- 
tions, <fcc. In addition to these offices, which, 
indeed, they rarely exercise, except in the ease 
of their own patients, the Apothecaries in Eng- 
land form a privileged class of practitioners - a 
kind of sub-physician. 
APOTHERAPEI'A, Apotherapi' a, Apothera- 
peu'sis, from airoScpairevu, {atro and Oepaircvai,) 'I 
cure.' A perfect cure.-Hippoc. In the ancient 
Gymnastics, it meant the last part of the exer- 
cises :-the friction, inunction, and bathing, for 
the purpose of obviating fatigue, or curing dis- 
ease.-Galen, Gorraeus. 
APOTHERAPEUSIS, Apotherapeia. 
APOTIIER'MUM, from atro, and 3cp/iy, 'heat.' 
A pickle made of mustard, oil, and vinegar.- 
Galen. 
APOTH'ESIS, from 'I replace.' 
The position proper to be given to a fractured 
limb, after reduction. 
APOTHICAIRE, Apothecary. 
APOTHICAIRERIE, (F.) from aJro$W, 'a 
warehouse, shop.' The same as Apotheca; also, 
a gallipot. 
APOTHLIM'MA, from atro, and 'I 
press from.' Anciently, the dregs, and some- 
times the expressed juice, Succus expres'sus, of 
plants.-Gorrasus. 
APOTHRAU'SIS, from airofyavu, 'I break.' 
Fracture of a bone, with spicula remaining. Ex- 
traction of a spiculum of bone.-Gorraeus. Also, 
Abscission. 
APOTILMOS, Evulsion. 
APOT'OKOS, from atro, and tiktoi, 'I bring 
forth.' An abortive foetus.-Hippocrates. 
APOTOME, Amputation. 
APOTOMIA, Amputation. 
APOTROPjEUM, Amuletum. 
APOTROPE, Aversion. Also, deviation-as 
•f a limb-Parat'rope. 
92 
APPENDIX 
APOXYSMUS, Abrasion. 
APOZEM, Decoction. 
APOZESIS, Decoction. 
APPARA'TUS, Parasceu'e, from ad and pa- 
rare, 'to prepare? This word signifies a collec- 
tion of instruments, <fcc., for any operation what- 
ever. (F.) Appareil. 
In surgery, it means the methodical arrange- 
ment of all the instruments and objects necessary 
for an operation or dressing. By extension, the 
French give the name Appareil, Capsa chirur'- 
gica, to the case or drawers in which the appara- 
tus is arranged. 
Apparatus has likewise been applied to the 
different modes of operating for the stone.-See 
Lithotomy. 
In Physiology, Apparatus {Appareil') is ap- 
plied to a collection of organs, all of which work 
towards the same end. A system of organs com- 
prehends all those formed of a similar texture. 
An apparatus often comprehends organs of very 
different nature. In the former, there is analogy 
of structure; in the latter, analogy of function. 
Apparatus Altus, see Lithotomy. 
Apparatus Immov'able, (F.) Appareil immo- 
bile, Immovable Bandage, Permanent Bandage. 
An apparatus for fractures, which is generally 
formed by wetting the bandages in some sub- 
stance, as starch or dextrin, which becomes solid, 
and retains the parts in situ. 
Apparatus Lateralis, see Lithotomy - a. 
Major, see Lithotomy-a. Minor, see Lithotomy. 
APPAREIL, Apparatus, Boitier- a. Grand, 
see Lithotomy-a. Haut, see Lithotomy-a. Im- 
mobile, Apparatus, immovable-a. Lateralisi, see 
Lithotomy - a. Petit, see Lithotomy-a. Pig- 
mental, Pigmental apparatus. 
APPAREILS DE FORMATION, (F.) Gall 
admits, in the brain, two kinds of fibres; the 
one, divergent, proceeding from the cerebral pe- 
duncles to the convolutions, and constituting 
what he calls appareils de formation : "the other, 
convergent, and proceeding from the convolutions 
to the centre of the organ, constituting what he 
calls appareils de reunion. The first, as a whole, 
form the organs of the mental faculties : the latter 
are commissures, which unite parts of the organ 
that are double and in pairs. 
APPAUVRI, Impoverished. 
APPENDICE, Appendix-a. Cereal, Appen- 
dix vermiformis caeci-a. Digital, Appendix ver- 
miformis cceci- a. Sous-sternale, Xiphoid carti- 
lage - a. Sus-spheno'idale du cerveau, Pituitary 
gland-a. Xiphoide, Xiphoid cartilage. 
Appendices Goli Adipose, Appendiculae epi- 
ploicae-Epiploiques, Appendiculae epiploicae. 
APPENDICULA CEREBRI, Pituitary gland 
- a. Vermiformis ceeci, see Appendix - a. Epi- 
ploica, Epiploic appendage. 
APPENDIC'ULJE PINGUEDINO'SJE, Epip'- 
loic appendages, Appendic'ulce Epiplo'icas, Ap- 
pendices coli adipo'sce, Omen'tula, (F.) Appen- 
dices Epiploiques. Prolongations of the peri- 
toneum beyond the surface of the great intestine, 
which are analagous in texture and arrangement 
to omenta. 
APPEN'DIX, Epiph'ysis, from appendere, {ad 
and pendere, 'to hang?) 'to hang from? Any 
part that adheres to an organ or is continuous 
with it:-seeming as if added to it. An append- 
age; an apophysis, (F.) Appendice, Annexe. 
Appendix Auricula:, see Auricles of the 
Heart. 
Appendix Cerebri, Pituitary gland - a. ad 
Cerebrum, Cerebellum-a. Cutanea Septi Narium, 
Statica Septi Narium-a. to the Epididymis, Vas- 
culum aberrans-a. Ventriculi, Duodenum. 
Appendix Vermifor'mis, Appendic'ula Ver- APPENSIO 
mi for'mis Coe'ci, Tubus Vcrmicula'ris Goeci, Ec'- 
phyas, Additamen'turn Goli, Appen' dix Gee'ci, (F.) 
Appendice vermiforme, A. c cecal ou digital. A 
vermicular process, the size of a goose-quill, 
which hangs from the intestine caecum. Its func- 
tions are unknown. 
APPENSIO, see Analeptia. 
AP'PETENCE, Appeten'tia, from appetere, (ad 
and petere,) 'to desire.' An ardent, passionate 
desire for any object. 
APPETIT, PE RTE D', Anorexia. ! 
AP'PETITE, Appeti'tus, Appeten'tia, Appeti"- 
tia, (ad and petere,) 'to seek,' Gupi'do, Orex'is, 
Orme: same etymology as the last. An internal 
sensation, which warns us of the necessity of ex- 
erting certain functions, especially those of diges- 
tion and generation. In the latter case it is called 
venereal appetite, (F.) Appetit venerien: in the 
former, simply appetite, (F.) Appetit ou Appeti- 
tion. If the desire for food, occasioned by a real 
want, be carried to a certain extent, it is called 
hunger, when solid food is concerned ; thirst, when 
liquid. Appetite and hunger ought not, how- 
ever, to be employed synonymously: they are 
different degrees of the same want. Hunger is 
an imperious desire : it cannot be provoked, like 
the appetite. It is always allayed by eating: but 
not so the appetite; for, at times, it may be ex- 
cited in this manner. They are very generally, 
however, used synonymously. 
Appetite, Morbid, Limosis. 
Ap'petite, Vene'real, Venereal desire, (F.) 
Le g&nesique, Amour physique. The instinctive 
feeling that attracts the sexes towards each other 
to effect the work of reproduction. 
APPETITES CANINUS, Boulimia-a. Defi- 
ciens, Dysorexia. 
APPLE, ADAM'S, Pomum Adami-a. Bitter, 
Cucumis colocynthis - a. Curassoa, Aurantium 
curassaventium - a. Eye, see Melon - a. May, 
Podophyllum peltatum - a. Root, Euphorbia co- 
rollata. 
Apple Tea, Apple water. Slice two large, not 
over-ripe apples, and pour over a pint of boiling 
water. After an hour, pour off the fluid, and, if 
necessary, sweeten with sugar. 
Apple Tree, Pyrus malus. 
APPLICA'TA,from applicare, (ad nadplicare, 
'to fold,') 'to apply.' A word, unnecessarily in- 
troduced into medical language, to express the 
objects which are applied immediately to the sur- 
face of the body, as clothes, cosmetics, baths, Ac. 
-HallS. 
APPLICA'TION, Applica'tio, (same etymon,) 
in a moral signification, is synonymous with At- 
tention. Also, the act of applying one thing to 
another; as the application of an apparatus, of 
a bandage, blister, Ac. 
APPREHEN'SIO, from ad and prehendere, 
'to take.' This word is employed in various 
senses. It means catalepsy or catoche. - Paul 
Zacchias. A kind of bandage for securing any 
part. Also, a therapeutical indication. 
APPROCHE, Coition. 
APPROXIMATION, Approxima'tio, from ad 
and proximus, 'nearest.' Ettmuller gave this 
name to a pretended method of curing disease, 
by making it pass from man into some animal or 
vegetable, by the aid of immediate contact. 
APRAC'TA, from a, priv., and irparaw, 'I act.' 
Without action. An epithet for the parts of ge- 
neration. when unfit for copulation or generation. 
APRICATIO, Insolation. 
APRICOT, Prunus Armeniaca. 
APROCTUS, see Atretus. 
APROSO'PIA, Triocephal'ia, from a, priv., 
and trpommtov, 'the face.' A malformation, which 
consists in the face being deficient. 
93 
AQUA 
APROSOPUS, Microprosopus. 
APSINTHIA'TUM, from 'wcnn- 
wood.' A sort of drink made of wormwcod. 
-Aetius. 
APSINTHITES, Absinthites. 
APSYCHIA, Syncope. 
APSYXIA, Syncope. 
APTHAS, Aphthae. 
APTYS'TOS, from a, priv., and irrvw, 'I spit. 
Devoid of expectoration. An epithet given to 
certain pleurisies, in which there is no expectora- 
tion.-Hippocrates. 
APUS, see Apodia. 
APY'ETOS, from a, priv., and irvov, 'pus.' An 
external affection, which does not end in suppu- 
ration. 
APYIQUE, Apyos. 
AP'YOS, from a, priv., and irvov, 'pus,' (F.) 
Apyique. That which does not afford pus. 
APYRECTIC, Apyretic. 
APYRENOMELE, Apyromele. 
APYRET'IC, Apyret'icus, Apyrec'tie, Apyrec'- 
ticus, Apyr'etus, from a, priv., and Trap, ' fire, 
fever.' Without fever. This epithet is given to 
days in which there is no paroxysm of a disease, 
as in the case of an intermittent, as well as to 
some local affections which do not induce fever. 
Urticaria is sometimes called an apyretic exan- 
them. 
APYREX'IA. The same etymology. Absence 
of fever; Dialem'ma, Dialeip' sis, Dialip'sis, 
Tempus intercala're, Interval'lum, Intermit'sio. 
Apyrexia is the condition of an intermittent 
fever between the paroxysms: the duration of 
the apyrexia, consequently, depends on the type 
of the intermittent. Occasionally, the term has 
been applied to the cessation of the febrile con- 
dition in acute diseases. 
APYROME'LE, Apyrenome'le, from a, priv., 
nvpriv, 'a nut,' and 'a sound.' A sound or 
probe, without a button or nut. It is the Melo'tis, 
Specil'lum auricula'rium or Auricular sound of 
Galen. 
AQUA, Urine, Water-a. Acidi carhonici, 
Acidulous water-a. Acidula hydrosulphurata, 
Naples water (factitious) - a. Aeris fixi, Acidu- 
lous water (simple) - a. Alkalina oxymuriatica, 
Eau de Javelle-a. Aluminis compositus, Liquor, 
a. c.-a. Aluminosa Bateana, Liq. aluminis com- 
positus-a. Ammoniae, Liquor ammoniae-a. Ace- 
tatis ammoniae, Liquor ammoniae acetatis - a. 
Ammoniae carbonatis, Liquor ammoniae subcar- 
bonatis-a. Ammoniae caustica, Liquor ammoniae 
-a. Amnii, Liquor Amnii. 
Aqua Amygdala'rum Concentra'ta, (F.) 
Eau d'Amandes arneres, Water of hitter almonds. 
Made by bruising well two pounds of hitter al- 
monds; adding, whilst triturating, ten pounds 
of spring water, and four pounds of alcohol; let- 
ting the mixture rest in a well-closed vessel, and 
then distilling two pounds. Used instead of the 
Aqua Laurocerasi, and the Hydrocyanic acid. 
An Aqua amyg'dala ama'ra, Bitter Almond 
water, has been introduced into the last edition 
of the Ph. U. S., 1851, [01. amygdal. amar. 
MLxvj.; Magnet. Carhon. gj.; Aqua Oij.) 
Aqua Anisi Fortis, Spiritus anisi-a. Aquis- 
granensis, see Aix-la-Chapelle - a. Auditoria, 
Cotunnius, Liquor of-a. Aurantii, see Citrus au- 
rantium - a. Azotica oxygenata, Aqua nitrogenii 
protoxydi - a. Balsamica arterialis, Aqua Bi- 
nellii-a. Bareginensis, BarSges water-a. Barytae 
Muriatis, see Baryta, muriate of-a. Bellilucana, 
Balaruc waters-a. Benedicta, Liquor calcis - a. 
Benedicta composita, Liquor calcis compositus- 
a. Benedicta Rulandi, Vinum antimonli rartari- 
zati. 
Aqua Bine'llii, Acqua Binelli, A. Monteroesi, AQU2E ACIDULA3 
Aqua Palsam'ica arteria'lis, (F.) Eau de Binelli, 
Eau de Monterossi. A celebrated Italian haemo- 
static, invented by one Binelli. Its composition 
is unknown, but its virtues have been ascribed to 
creasote; although there is reason for believing 
it to possess no more activity than cold water. 
Aqua Brocchie'rii, Acqua Brocchieri, Broc- 
chieri water, (F.) Eau de Brocchieri, Eau styp- 
tique de Brocchieri. A supposed styptic, which 
made much noise at Paris at one time. It is de- 
void of efficacy. Dr. Paris found nothing in it 
but water perfumed by some vegetable essence. 
Aqua Borvonensis, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- 
neral waters of-a. Bristoliensis, Bristol water- 
a. Calcariae ustae, Liquor calcis-a. Calcis, Liquor 
calcis-a. Calcis composita, Liquor calcis compo- 
situs - a. Camphor®, Mistura camphor® - a. 
Camphorata, Bates's, see Cupri sulphas - a. Car- 
bonatis sod® acidula, Acidulous water, simple - 
a. Catapultarum, Arquebusade, eau d' - a. Chlo- 
rini, see Chlorine. 
Aqua Cinnamo'mi, Cinnamon Water. Distilled 
water of Cinnamon Bark. Prepared also in the 
following manner. 01. Cinnam. f ; Magnes. 
Carbon. 3j ; Aq. destillat. Oij. Rub the oil and 
carbonate of magnesia; add the water gradually, 
and filter. (Ph. U. S.) 
Aqua Cinnamomi Fortis, Spiritus Cinnamomi 
-a. Colcestrensis, Colchester, mineral waters of. 
Aqua Colora'ta, ' coloured water.' A name 
given to a prescription in which simple coloured 
water is contained. Used in hospital cases, more 
especially, where a placebo is demanded. 
Aqua Cupri Ammoniata, Liquor c. a,-a. Cu- 
pri vitriolati composita, Liquor cupri sulphatis 
composita-a. inter Cutem, Anasarca-a. Destil- 
lata, Water, distilled - a. Florum aurantii, see 
Citrus aurantium - a. Fluviatilis, Water, river. 
Aqua Fcenic'uli, Fennel water. The distilled 
water of fennel seed. It may be prepared also 
like the aqua cinnamomi. 
Aqua Fontana, Water, spring-a. Fortis, Ni- 
tric acid-a. Hepatica, Hydrosulphuretted water 
- a. Hordeata, Deooctum hordei - a. Imbrium, 
Water, rain - a. Intercus, Anasarca - a. Inter 
Cutem, Anasarca-a. Juniperi composita, Spiritus 
juniperi compositus - a. Kali, Liquor potass® 
subcarbonatis - a. Kali caustici, Liquor potass® 
-a. Kali pr®parati, Liquor potass® subcarbon- 
atis-a. Kali puri, Liquor potass®-a. Kali sub- 
carbonatis, Liquor potass® subcarbonatis-a. La- 
byrinthi, Cotunnius, liquor of- a. Lactis, Serum 
lactis - a. ex Lacu, Water, lake - a. Lithargyri 
acetati composita, Liquor plumbi subacetatis di- 
lutus-a. Luci®, Spiritus ammoni® succinatus- 
a. Marina, Water, sea - a. Medicata, Water, mi- 
neral. 
Aqua Mentha Piperi'TjE, Peppermint Water. 
The distilled water of peppermint. It may be 
prepared like the aqua cinnamomi. 
Aqua Menth.® Piperitidis Spirituosa, Spi- 
ritus menth® piperit®-a. Menth® viridis, Spear- 
mint water; see Aqu® menth® piperit®-a. Men- 
thffi vulgaris spirituosa, Spiritus menth® viridis- 
-a. Mineralis, Water, mineral-a. Mirabilis, Spi- 
ritus piment® - a. Mulsa, Hydrnmeli - a. Natri 
Oxinyuriatici, Liquor sod® chlorinat®- a. Nea- 
politans, Naples water, (factitious)-a. Nephrit- 
ica, Spiritus myristica. 
Aqua Nitrogen'ii Protox'ydi, Protox'ide 
of Ni'trogen Water, Aqua azot'ica oxygena'ta, 
Searle's patent oxyg"enous aerated water. A pa- 
tent solution of protoxide of nitrogen, said to 
contain five times its own bulk of gas. It has 
been recommended as a nervine, and excitant in 
nervous conditions, dyspepsia, <fcc. It has also 
been used in cholera, and to counteract the evil 
consequences of drunkenness. The dose is 
94 
AQUJEDUCTUS 
or viii, two or three times a day; or, in dys- 
pepsia, as a beverage between meals. 
Aqua Nivata, Water, snow-a. Nucis moscha- 
t®, Spiritus myristic® - a. Ophthalmiea, Liquor 
zinci sulphatis cum camphora- a. Paludosa, 
Water, marsh - a. Pedum, Urine - a. Pericardii, 
see Pericardium - a. Picea, see Pinus sylvestris 
- a. Picis, see Pinus sylvestris - a. Pluvialis, 
Water, rain - a. Potass®, Liquor potass® - a. 
Pulegii spirituosa, Spiritus pulegii - a. Putealis, 
Water, well-a. ex Puteo, Water, well-a. Rabelli, 
Elixir acidum Halleri - a. Raphani eomposita, 
Spiritus armoraci® compositus-a. Regia, Nitro- 
muriatic acid. 
Aqua Rosa, Rose Water, Rhodostag'ma, 
[Ros. centifol. Ibviij : Aqua cong. ij. M. Distil a 
gallon-Ph. U. S.) 
Aqua Salubris, Water, mineral - a. Sappha- 
rina, Liquor cupri ammoniata - a. Saturni, Li- 
quor plumbi subacetatis dilutus - a. Sclopetaria, 
Arquebusade eau d' - a. Seminum anisi compo- 
sita, Spiritus anisi - a. Seminum carui fortis, 
Spiritus carui - a. Sod® effervescens, Acidulous 
water, simple - a. Soteria, Water, mineral - a. 
Stygia, Nift'o-muriatic acid-a. Styptica, Liquor 
cupri sulphatis eomposita - a. Sulphurata sim- 
plex, Hydrosulphuretted water - a. Sulphureti 
ammoni®, Liquor fumans Boylii - a. Thediana, 
Arquebusade eau d' - a. Theriacalis Bezoardica, 
Chylostagma diaphoreticum Mindereri - a. To- 
fana, Liquor arsenicalis - a. Tosti panis, Toast 
water-a. Traumatica Thedenii, Arquebusade eau 
d' - a. Vegeto-mineralis, Liquor plumbi subace- 
tatis dilutus-a. Viciensis, Vichy water-a. Vi- 
triolica camphorata, Liquor zinci sulphatis cum 
camphora-a. Vitriolica c®rulea, Solutio sulpha- 
tis cupri eomposita-a. Vulneraria, Arquebusade 
eau d'-a. Zinci vitriolati cum Liquor 
zinci sulphatis cum camphors!. 
AQUAS ACIDULjE, Acidulous waters - a. 
Badigu®, Bath, Mineral waters of-a. Badiz®, 
Bath, Mineral waters of-a. Bathoni®, Bath, 
Mineral waters of-a. Buxtonienses, Buxton, Mi- 
neral waters of - a. Cantuarienses, Canterbury, 
waters of-a. Chalybeat®, Waters, mineral, cha- 
lybeate. 
Aqua: Destilla'ta, Distilled Waters, Hydro- 
la'ta, (F.) Hydrolats. These are made by put- 
ting vegetable substances, as roses, mint, penny- 
royal, <fcc., into a still with water, and drawing 
off as much as is found to possess the aromatic 
properties of the plant. To every gallon of the 
distilled water, 5 oz. of spirit should be added to 
preserve it. The simple distilled waters are some- 
times called Aqua stillatit"ia sim'plices: the spi- 
rituous, Aqua stillatit"ia spirituo'sa, but more 
commonly Spir'itus. 
Aqua: Martiales, Waters, mineral, chalybe- 
ate-a. Metus, Hydrophobia-a. Minerales aci- 
dul®, Waters, mineral, gaseous - a. Minerales 
ferruginos®, Waters, mineral, chalybeate-a. Mi- 
nerales sulphure®, Waters, mineral, sulphureous 
-a. Stillatiti®, Aqu® destillat®-a. Solis, Bath, 
mineral waters of. 
AQUjEDUC'TUS, from aqua 'wa- 
ter,' and ducere, ductum, 'to lead.' (F.) Aque- 
duc. Properly, a canal for conducting water 
from one place to another. Anatomists have 
used it to designate certain canals. 
Aquaductus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
brain-a. Cotunnii, Aqumductus vestibuli. 
Aquaduc'tus Coch'lea, (Y.) Aqueduc du Li- 
maqon;-a very narrow canal, which proceeds 
from the tympanic scala of the cochlea to the 
posterior edge of the pars petrosa. 
Aquaduc'tus Fallo'pii, Canal spiroide de 
Vos temporal of Chaussier, (F.) Aqueduc de Fal- 
lope. A canal in the pars petrosa of the tempo- AQUALICULUS 
ral bone, which extends from the meatus audito- 
rius internus to the foramen stylo-mastoideum, 
and gives passage to the facial nerve. The 
opening into this aqueduct is called Hia'tus Fal- 
lo'pii. 
Aqu.educ'tus Syl'vii, Cana'lis eminen'tics 
quadrigem'ince, (F.) de Sylvius, Iter ad 
quartum ventric'ulum, Cana'lis me'dius, Canal in- 
termfdiare des ventricules of Chaussier. A canal 
forming a communication between the third and 
fourth ventricles of the brain. 
Aqujeduc'tus Vestib'uli, Ajwarfuctu* Ootun'- 
nii, Canal of Cotun'nius, (F.) Aqueduc du vestibule 
ou Aqueduc de Ootugno. This begins in the ves- 
tibule, near the common orifice of the two semi- 
circular canals, and opens at the posterior surface 
of the pars petrosa. 
AQUALIC'ULUS, from aqualis, 'a water-pot.' 
That part of the abdomen which extends from 
the umbilicus to the pubes. See Hypogastrium. 
It has also been applied to the stomach or intes- 
tinal canal. 
AQUAS'TER. A word used, by Paracelsus, 
to express the visions or hallucinations of pa- 
tients. 
A Q UED UC, Aqueduct-a. de Cotugno-Aquae- 
ductus vestibuli-a. de Fallope, Aquaeductus Fal- 
lopii - a. du Lima?on, Aquaeductus cochleae - a. 
de Sylvius, Aquaeductus Sylvii-a. du Vestibule, 
Aquaeductus vestibuli. 
AQUEDUCT, Aquaeductus. 
A'QUEOUS, A'queus, Aquo'sus, Hydato'des. 
Hydro'des, from aqua, 'water,' (F.) Aqueux, 
Watery. The absorbents or lymphatics are 
sometimes called, in France, Conduits ou Ca- 
naux aqueux. 
Aqueous Humour oe the Eye, Humor aquo'- 
sus, Albugin'eous humour, Ooei'des, Oo'des, Hy- 
dato'i'des, Hydato'des, Ova'tus seu Ovifor'mis 
humor, (F.) Humeur aqueuse. The limpid fluid 
which fills the two chambers of the eye, from the 
cornea to the crystalline, and which is, conse- 
quently, in contact with the two surfaces of the 
iris. Quantity, 5 or 6 grains: 8. g. 1.0003. It 
contains albumen, chloride of sodium, and phos- 
phate of lime in small quantity; and is enveloped 
in a fine membrane:-the membrane of the aqueous 
humour, Tunica propria seu Vagi'na humo'ris 
a'quei seu Membra' na Demuria' na seu Desce- 
met'ii, Membrane of Demours or of Descemet; al- 
though these last terms are by some appropri- 
ated to a third layer of the cornea. 
AQUEUS, Aqueous. 
AQUIDUCA, Hydragogues. 
AQUIFOLIUM, Ilex aquifolium - a. Foliis 
deciduis, Prinos. 
AQUILA, Hydrargyri submurias, Sulphur. 
The alehymists used this word for sublimed 
sal ammoniac, precipitated mercury, arsenic, sul- 
phur, and the philosopher's stone. See Hydrar- 
gyri Submurias, and Sulphur. 
Aq'uila Ccelest'is ; a sort of panacea, of which 
mercury was a constituent. 
Aq'uila Lach'ryma: ; a liquor prepared from 
several ingredients, especially from calomel. 
Aq'uila Philosopho'rum. The alehymists, 
whose terms were always mysterious, called mer- 
cury thus, when reduced to its original form. 
Aq'uila Ven'eris ; an ancient preparation, 
made by subliming verdigris and sal ammoniac. 
AQUILjE VENAi, Temporal veins. 
AQUILE'GIA, A. vulga'ris, A. sylves'tris seu 
Alpi'na, Common Colombine or Columbine, (F.) 
Ancolie. The seeds, herb, and flowers were for- 
merly used in jaundice and cutaneous diseases. 
They are still retained in many of the Pharma- 
copoeias of continental Europe. 
Aquilegia Alpina, Aquilegia. 
Aquilegia Canadensis, Wild Columbine, is 
95 
ARACHNOID CANAL 
- 
indigenous, and flowers in April and June. The 
seeds are said to be tonic. 
Aquilegia Sylvestris, Aquilegia-a. Vul- 
garis, Aquilegia. 
AQUO-CAPSULITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
AQUO-MEMBRANI'TIS, Keratoiri'tis, Aquo- 
capsuli'tis. Inflammation of the anterior cham- 
ber of the eye. A badly compounded term, de- 
noting inflammation of the capsule or membrane 
of the aqueous humour. 
AQUULA, Ceratocele, Hydatid, Hydroa-a. 
Acustica, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
Aquula seu Aqua Morgagnii. The minute 
portion of water which escapes when an opening 
is made into the capsule of the crystalline. 
ARA PARVA, a small altar;-a kind of band- 
age invented by Sostratus, which represents the 
corners of an altar.-Galen. 
AR'ABE ; a wound, a blow.-Erotian. 
ARAB'ICA ANTID'OTUS HEPAT'ICA, Ar'- 
abic Hepat'ic An'tidote. A powder composed of 
myrrh, costus, white pepper, Ac. It was admi- 
nistered in new wine. 
ARAB'ICUS LAPIS. A sort of white marble, 
analogous to alabaster, found in Arabia. It was 
regarded as absorbent and desiccative, and was 
employed in hemorrhoids. 
ARABIS BARBAREA, Erysimum barbarea. 
AR'ABIS MALAG'MA. An antiscrofulous 
medicine, composed of myrrh, olibanum, wax, 
sal ammoniac, iron pyrites, <fcc.-Celsus. 
AR'ABS, MEDICINE OF THE. The Ara- 
bians kept the torch of medical science illumi- 
nated during a dark period of the middle ages. 
Before the year of the Hegira, they had schools 
of medicine; but these were most flourishing 
during the 10th, 11th, and 12th centuries. The 
chief additions made by them to medical science 
were in the departments of pharmacy and in the 
description of diseases. Their principal writers 
were Avicenna, Serapion, Averrhoes, Hali Abhas, 
Moses Maimonides, Avenzoar, Rhazes, Albuca- 
sis, <fcc. 
ARACACHA, Conium moschatum. 
ARACHIS AFRICAN A, A. hypogea-a. Ame- 
ricana, A. Hypogea. 
Ar'achis Hypoge'a, A. America'na, A. Afri- 
ca'na, Arachnfda hypogea, Ground nut, Pea nut, 
Earth almond, (S.) J/ane; erroneously called 
Pistachio nut, in the South; Pindars of the West 
Indies. Cultivated in the Southern States. The 
seeds are oily, and are eaten. A kind of inferior 
chocolate may be made of them. 
ARACH'NE, apaxyrh 'a spider,' 'a cobweb.' 
Hence- 
ARACHNIDA HYPOGEA, Arachis hypogea- 
ARACHNI'TIS, Arachnoidi'tis, Arachnodei'- 
tis, Inflammation of the Arachnoid. A variety 
of phrenitis. 
ARACHNODEITIS, Arachnitis. 
ARACHNOID CANAL, see Canal, arachnoid. 
Arachnoid of the Eye. The lining mem- 
brane of a cavity, supposed by some to exist be- 
tween the sclerotic and choroid. 
Arach'noid Membrane, Meninx Me'dia, 
Arachno'ideus, Arachno'des, from ' a cob- 
web,' and ctcos, 'form, resemblance;' Tu'niea 
ara'nea, Arachno'des, T. crystal'lina, Menin'- 
gion. A name given to several membranes, 
which, by their extreme thinness, resemble spi- 
der-webs.- Celsus and Galen called thus the 
membrane of the vitreous humour, - the tunica 
hyaloidea. The moderns use it now for one of 
the membranes of the brain, situate between the 
dura mater and pia mater. It is a serous mem- 
brane, and composed of two layers; the external 
being confounded, in the greater part of its extent, 
with the dura mater, and, like it, lining the inte- 
rior of the cranium and spinal canal; the other ARACHNOIDITIS 
being extended over the brain, from which it is 
separated by the pia mater, without passing into 
the sinuosities between the convolutions, and 
penetrating into the interior of the brain by an 
opening at its posterior part under the corpus 
callosum. It forms a part of the investing sheath 
of the nerves, as they pass from the encephalic 
cavities. Its chief uses seem to be;-to envelop, 
and, in some measure, protect the brain, and to 
secrete a fluid for the purpose of keeping it in a 
state best adapted for the proper performance of 
its functions. 
ARACHNOIDITIS, Arachnitis. 
ARACK', Arrack; (East Indian.) A spiritu- 
ous liquor made in India in various ways, often 
from rice, sometimes from sugar fermented along 
with the juice of the cocoa, nut; frequently from 
toddy, the juice which flows from the cocoa-nut 
tree by incision, and from other substances. It 
is a strong, heating spirit. 
Aback, Mock, is made by adding Qij of Ben- 
toic acid to a quart of rum. The celebrated 
Vauxhall punch is made with such arack. 
ARAC0UC1IINI, Icica aracouchini. 
ARACUS AROMATICUS, Vanilla. 
AR'ADOS, from apaieu, 'I am turbulent.' 
The agitation excited in the stomach by the 
coction of aliments of different nature. - Hippo- 
crates. Likewise, the motion produced by ca- 
thartics. 
ARJEOMA, Interstice. 
ARAEOMETER, Areometer. 
ARJEOT'ICA, from apaiow, 'I rarefy.' Medi- 
cines supposed to have the quality of rarefying 
the humours. See Rarefaciens. 
ARAKI, see Spirit. 
ARALIA CANADENSIS, Panax quinquefo- 
lium. 
Aba'lia IIis'pida, Dwarf Elder, is said to be 
diuretic, and has been recommended, in decoc- 
tion, in dropsy. 
Aba'lia Nudicau'lis, Nardus America'nus, 
Small Spikenard, Wild Liq'uorice, Sweet root, 
False Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Petit nard. This Ame- 
rican plant is said to be a mild stimulant and 
diaphoretic, and has been recommended as a sub- 
stitute for sarsaparilla. It is used, also as a tonic. 
It is in the secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia 
of the United States. 
Aba'lia Racemo'sa, American Spikenard, 
has the same properties as A. Nudicaulis. 
Aba'lia Spino'sa, Angel'ica Tree, Prickly 
Ash, Toothach Tree, Spikenard Tree, Prickly 
Elder, Shotbush, Pigeon Tree. Its properties 
are not clear. The berries, and a tincture of 
them, have been employed, it is said, successfully 
in toothach. A spirituous infusion has also been 
used in colic. 
ARANEA, Araneae Tela - a. Tarentula, see 
Tarentula. 
ARA'NEJE TELA, Ara'nea, Ara'neum, Cob- 
web, (F.) Toile d'Araignee. Formerly, this sub- 
stance was much employed, and supposed to pos- 
sess extraordinary virtues, especially when ap- 
plied to the wrists. It has been recently used 
again in in termitten ts. The spider itself, sof- 
tened into a plaster and applied to the forehead 
*nd temples, is said by Dioscorides to prevent 
ague. Cobweb is a mechanical styptic, and is 
so applied, at times. 
ARANEO'SA URI'NA. A term applied to 
the urine when loaded with filaments, like cob- 
ARANEO'SUS (PULSUS); a term employed 
to express extreme weakness of pulse; when the 
movements resemble those of a delicate net raised 
by the wind. 
ARANEUM, Aranese Tela. 
96 
5 ARCEUTHOS 
Ara'neum Ulcus, Astakil'los. A name given 
by Paracelsus to a malignant, gangrenous ulcer, 
extending from the feet to the legs. 
ARARA, Myrobalanus citrina. 
ARASCON, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
ARATRUM, Vomer. 
ARAUCARIA DOMBEYI, Dombeya excelsa. 
ARBOR BENlVl, Benjamin-a. Indica, Lau- 
rus cassia-a. Maris, Coral-a. Thurifera-Juni- 
perus Lycia-a. Uteri Vivificans, Palma; uteri 
plicatas. 
Arbor Vita:, (F,) Arbre de vie. A name 
given to an arborescent appearance, observed on 
cutting the cerebellum longitudinally; and which 
results from the particular arrangement of the 
white substance with the cineritious. Also, the 
Thuya occidentalis. 
Arbor VitaiUterinus, Palmae uteri plicatee. 
Arbor Vita: of the Uterus, Palm® uteri 
plicatro. 
AR'BORES. A morbid alteration of the skin, 
which precedes its ulceration. Ruland. 
ARBOUSIER, Arbutus unedo. 
ARBRE DE VIE, Arbor Vitro. 
ARBUSCULA GUMMIFERA BRAZILIEN- 
SIS, Hypericum bacciferum. 
ARBUTUS, A. Unedo - a. Trailing, A. Uva 
ursi, Epigiea repens. 
Ar'butus Uva Ursi, Arctostaph'ylos Uva 
ursi, Maira'nia uva ursi. Nat. Ord. Ericere. 
Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. (F.) Busse- 
rolle ou Raisin d'Ours. The leaves-(Uva Ursi, 
Ph. U. S.)-of this plant are tonic and astringent, 
and have been employed, chiefly, in diseases of 
the urinary organs. Dose of the powder from 
gr. xv. to 5ss. The English names are Trailing 
Ar'butus, Bear's Whortleberry or Bearberry, 
Mountain-box, Redberry, Upland Cranberry, 
Foxberry, Checkerberry. 
Ar'butus Une'do, Ar'butus, Andrach'ne, Une'- 
do, Une'do ptlpyra'cea, Kopapos, (F.) Arbousier. 
A decoction of the leaves is astringent, and has 
been used in diarrhoea. 
ARC, Arch, Arcus. Any part of the body re- 
sembling an arch in form ; as the Arch of the 
colon, (F.) Arc du colon,-the transverse portion 
of that intestine :-Arch of the Aorta, Arcus aor'- 
ta. (F.) Crosse de I'Aorte, &c., the turn which the 
aorta takes in the thorax. 
ARCA ARCANORUM, Hydrargyrum-a. Cor- 
dis, Pericardium. 
ARCADE ANASTOMOTIQUE, Arch, anas- 
tomotic-a. Crurale, Crural arch-a. Inguinale, 
Crural arch-a. Orbitaire, Orbitar arch-a. Pu- 
bienne, Pubic arch-a. Zygomatique, Zygomatic 
arch. 
ARCADES DENT AIRES, Dental arches- 
a. Palmaires, Palmar arches. 
AR CADI- TEMP OR 0-MA XILLAIRE, 
Temporalis. 
ARCAl'US or ARC(E'US, BALSAM OF, (F.) 
Baume d'Arcoeus. A kind of soft ointment used 
in sores, contusions, <fcc. It is made by melting 
two parts of mutton suet, one part of hog's lard : 
turpentine and rosin, each one part and a half: 
straining and agitating till cold. 
A R CA NS ON, Colophonia. 
ARCA'NUM, from area, 'a chest.' A secret, 
a nostrum, a quack or empir'ical med'icine, (F.) 
Arcane. A remedy whose composition is kept 
secret; but which is reputed to possess great 
efficacy. 
Arcanum Corallinum, Hydrargyri nitrieo- 
oxydum - a. Duplicatum, Potasses sulphas - a. 
Tartari, Potass® acetas. 
ARCE AU, Arculus, Cradle. 
ARCEUTHOS, Juniperus communis. ARCH 
ARCH, ANASTOMOT'IC, (F.) Arcade Anasto- 
motique, is the union of two vessels, whieh anas- 
tomose by describing a curved line. The vessels 
of the mesentery anastomose in this manner. 
Arch of the Aorta, see Aorta-a. Crural, see 
Crural arch - a. Femoral, see Crural arch - a. 
Gluteal, see Gluteal aponeurosis-a. Haemal, see 
Haemal arch-a. Inguinal, see Crural arch-a. Or- 
bital, see Orbitar arch-a. of the Palate, see Palate 
bone-a. of the Pubis, see Pubic arch-a. Subpu- 
bic, see Subpubic arch-a. Superciliary, see Super- 
ciliary arches-a. Zygomatic, see Zygomatic arch. 
Arches of the Palate. These are two in 
number on each side of the throat, one of which 
is termed anterior, the other posterior. 
The anterior arch arises from the middle of 
the velum palati, at the side of the uvula, and is 
fixed to the edge of the base of the tongue. 
The posterior arch has its origin, likewise, from 
the side of the uvula, and passes downwards to 
be inserted into the side of the pharynx. The 
anterior arch contains the circumflexus palati, 
and forms the isthmus faucium. The posterior 
arch has, within it, the levator palati, and be- 
tween the arches are the tonsils. 
ARCHAS'US, Arche'us, from apxy, 'commence- 
ment,' (F.) Archie. A word invented by Basil 
Valentine, and afterwards adopted by Paracelsus 
and Van Helmont. The latter used it for the 
internal principle of our motions and actions. 
This archeeus, according to Van Helmont, is an 
immaterial principle, existing in the seed prior 
to fecundation, and presiding over the develop- 
ment of the body, and over all organic pheno- 
mena. Besides this chief archaeus, whose seat 
Van Helmont placed in the upper orifice of the 
stomach, he admitted several of a subordinate 
character, which had to execute its orders; one, 
for instance, in each organ, to preside over its 
functions; each of them being subject to anger, 
caprice, terror, and every human failing. 
ARCHANGEL, NEW, MINERAL SPRINGS. 
About twenty miles to the north of New Arch- 
angel, Sitka Island, on the N. W. coast of North 
America, are some thermal sulphureous waters, 
the temperature of one of which is upwards of 
153° of Fahr. They are much celebrated.-Sir 
Geo. Simpson. 
ARCH ANGELIC A, Lamium album. 
Archangelica Officinalis, Angelica. 
ARCHE, apyr), Init"ium, Princip'ium, Primor'- 
dium, Ori'go, Inva'sio. The first attack of a dis- 
ease. 
ARCHEjDPTOMA, Proctocele. 
ARCHEE, Archaeus. 
ARCHELL, CANARY, Lichen roccella. 
ARCHELOG"IA, from apx>/, 'beginning,'and 
Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' A treatise on fundamental 
principles ;-of medicine, for example. 
ARCHEN'DA. A powder of the leaves of the 
ligustrum, used by the ./Egyptians after bathing, 
to obviate the unpleasant odour of the feet.- 
Prosper Alpinus. 
ARCHIA'TER, Archia'trus, Protomed'icus, 
Protia'tros, from apffl, 'authority,' and <arpof, 
' physician.' The original signification of this 
word is a matter of dispute. Some consider, with 
Mercurialis, that it meant physician to a prince, 
king, emperor, <tc.: others, with C. Hoffman, ap- 
ply it to every physician who, by his situation, 
is raised above his colleagues. The former opi- 
nion seems to have prevailed, - Archiatre des 
Rois de France being applied to the chief physi- 
cian to the kings of France. 
ARCHIG"ENI MORBI. Acute diseases; be- 
cause they hold the first rank: from ' be- 
ginning,' and yivojiai, 'I am.' 
ARCHIMAGIA, Chymistry. 
97 
' ARCULUS 
ARCHINGEAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Archingeay is situate in France, three leagues 
from St. Jean d'Angely. The waters are prized 
in all diseases. They seem to contain carbonate 
of lime, a little chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
iron, and some bitumen. 
ARCHITECTURA APOPLECTICA, Apo- 
plectic make. 
ARCHITIS, Proctitis, Rectitis. 
ARCHOCELE, Proctocele. 
ARCHOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
ARCHOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
ARCHORRHA'GIA, from ' the anus,' 
and ptw, 'I flow.' Archorrhoe'a. Hemorrhage 
from the anus. 
ARCHORRHCEA, Archorrhagia. 
ARCHOS, Arcus, Rectum. 
ARCHOSTEGNOMA, Stricture of the Rectum. 
ARCHOSTEGNOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
ARCHOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the Rectum. 
ARCHOSYRINX, Fistula in ano. 
AR'CIFORM, Arcifor'mis, from arx, arcis, 
'a top or ridge,' and forma, 'shape.' An epi- 
thet given to certain fibres, Fibrai arciform'es, 
of the anterior pyramids of the medulla oblon- 
gata, which take a curved course around the in- 
ferior extremity of each corpus olivare and ascend 
towards the cerebellum. 
ARCTA'TIO, Arctitu'do, from arcto, ' I make 
narrow;' Angusta'tio, Ooarcta'tio. Contraction, 
(F.) RetrZcissement, of a natural opening or of a 
canal, and especially of the vulva, of the orifice 
of the uterus, or of the intestinal canal. Consti- 
pation, (see Stegnosis.) Reunion by suture or 
infibulation. - Scribonius Largus, Paul Zac- 
chias, Ac. 
ARC'TITUDO, Arctatio. 
ARCTIUM, A. lappa-a. Bardana, A. lappa. 
Arctium Lappa. The root and seed of the 
Clit'bur, Barda'na, Arctium, A. barda'na seu 
majus seu minus seu tomento'sum, d'laphis, Lap- 
pa glabra, Lappa major, L. persona'ta, Persola'- 
ta, Persolla'ta, Persolu'ta, Burdock, (F.) Bar- 
dane, Glouteron. Nat. Ord. Compositse. Sex. 
Sy st. Syngenesia aequalis. Root diuretic: seed 
cathartic. It has been used in decoction in dis- 
eases of the skin and in syphilis. 
Arctium Majus, A. lappa-a. Minus, A. lappa 
-a. Tomentosum, A. lappa. 
ARC'TOPUS ECIIINA'TUS. A South Afri- 
can plant, Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae, which is de- 
mulcent and diuretic, somewhat approaching sar- 
saparilla. The decoction of the root is employed 
in syphilis, lepra, and chronic cutaneous affections 
of all kinds. 
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA URSI, Arbutus 
uva ursi. 
ARCTU'RA, from arcto, ' I straighten.' The 
effects of a nail grown into the flesh, Arctu'ra 
unguis.-See Onychogryphosis. 
Arctura Unguium. The growing in or inver- 
sion of the nails. See Onychogryphosis. 
ARCUA'TIO, Concava'tio. An anterior gib- 
bosity or projection of the sternum. 
ARCUEIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ar- 
cueil is about one league south of Paris. The 
water contains carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, and some 
deliquescent salts. 
A celebrated society held its meetings at this 
village, of which Berthollet, Humboldt, La Place, 
Ac., were members. 
ARCULA CORDIS, Pericardium. 
ARCULJE. The Orbitar Fossae : iroeXiScs. - 
Rufus of Ephesus. 
ARC'ULUS, diminutive of arcus, 'an arch.' A 
small arch; a cradle, (F.) Arceau, Archet. A ARCUS MEDULLARIS 
semicircular box or basket used for preventing 
the bed-clotbes from coming in contact with in- 
jured or diseased parts. An ordinance of the 
Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade mothers to sleep 
with an infant near them, unless it was put under 
a solid cradle. 
ARCUS MEDULLARIS, Fornix-a. Senilis, 
Gerotoxon - a. Subpubicus, Subpubic arch - a. 
Superciliaris, Superciliary arches - a. Unguium, 
see Nail-a. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
ARDALOS, Excrement. 
ARDAS, Excrement. 
ARDENT, Ardens, from ardere, 'to burn.' 
Ardent Fever, (F.) Fibvre ardente. The 
Uausus, Synocha, or inflammatory fever. 
Ardent or Inflamed Eyes, (F.) Yeux ardens. 
The eyes are so called when injected red. 
Ardent Urine, (F.) Urine ardente. Urine of 
a deep red. 
ARDESIA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
ARDEUR, Ardor - a. du Coeur, Cardialgia- 
a. d' Estomac, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis - a. de 
la Figure, Ardor Febrilis - a. d' Urine, Ardor 
Urinse. 
AR'DOR, (F.) Ardeur. Heat. A feeling of 
burning, of violent heat; AEstua'tio, Cau- 
so'ma. 
Ardor Febri'lis, (F.) Ardeur de la Fievre. 
The hot period of fever. 
Ardor Stomachi, Pyrosis. 
Ardor Uri'n.®, (F.) Ardeur d'Urine. A scald- 
ing sensation occasioned by the urine in passing 
over the inflamed mucous membrane of the ure- 
thra, or over the neck of the bladder. 
Ardor Venereus, Heat. 
Ardor Ventric'uli, Ebullit"io Stom'achi, (F.) 
Ardeur d'Estomac. Heartburn. See Cardialgia 
and Pyrosis. 
A'REA, 'a void place,' 'an open surface.' A 
Latin word used by some authors to designate a 
variety of Alopecia, in which the hair changes 
colour, but does not fall off; also, Porrigo de- 
cal vans. 
Area Germinativa, Tache embryonnaire. 
Area Pellu'cida. An elliptical depression in 
the ovum, filled with a pellucid fluid, in the cen- 
tre of which is the germ. 
Area Vasculo'sa, see Circulus venosus. 
ARE'CA. The fruit-Are'ca nut, Betel nut-of 
Are'ca Cat'echu, A. Faufel, Caun'ga; Nat. Ord. 
Palma?; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia; (F.) 
Area, is astringent and tonic, and enters into the 
composition of the Betel, the great masticatory 
of the Orientals. 
Areca Catechu, see Areca. 
Areca Faufel, see Areca. 
AREFAC'TION, Arefac'tio, Xeran'sis, f>?pav<nr, 
from arefacere, 'to make dry,' (arere, ' to dry,' 
and faeere, ' to make.') The process of drying 
substances, prior to pulverization. 
ARENA, see Gravel. 
ARENAMEN, Bole Armenian. 
ARENA'TIO, Chosis, Sand or Earth Bath; 
from arena, 'sand;' Saburra'tio. The applica- 
tion of hot sand to the body. Pedilu'via of sand 
were formerly used in Ascites. 
ARENO'SA URI'NA, Sandy Urine. Urine 
when it deposits a sandy sediment. 
ARENO'SUS, Sabulous. Also, one who passes 
sandy urine. 
ARENULA, see Gravel. 
ARE'OLA. A diminutive of Area, (F.) Aire. 
Anatomists understand by Areolce, the inter- 
stices between the fibres composing organs; or 
those existing between laminae, or between ves- 
sels which interlace with each other. 
Areola is, also, applied to the coloured circle 
Halo, Halos, which surrounds the nipple, Are'- 
98 
5 AREOMETER 
ola papilla'ris, and which becomes much darker 
during pregnancy; as well as to the circle sur- 
rounding certain vesicles, pustules, Ac., as the 
pustules of the small-pox, the vaccine vesicle, 
Ac. Chaussier, in such cases, recommends the 
word Awe'ola, (F.) Aureole. 
Areola Papillaris, see Areola. 
Areola, Tubercles of the, see Mamma. 
ARE'OLAR, Areola'ris. Appertaining to an 
areola. 
Areolar Exhalations are those reeremen- 
titial secretions, which are effected within the 
organs of sense, or in parenchymatous struc- 
tures,- as the aqueous, crystalline and vitreous 
humours, &c. 
Areolar Tissue, Cellular Tissue. 
AREOM'ETER, Arceom'eter, Gravim'eter, Al- 
coolom'eter, Aerostat'ic Balance, from apaioy, 
'light,' and pcrpov, 'measure:' i e. 'measure of 
lightness.' An instrument, so called, because 
first employed to take the specific gravity of 
fluids lighter than water. The Areometer of Bou- 
rne, which is the most used in Pharmacy, particu- 
larly in France, consists of a tube of glass, largely 
expanded towards its inferior extremity, and ter- 
minating, below, by a small ball, containing mer- 
cury or lead, which serves it as a balance, so that 
it may remain upright in the fluid. This tube is 
furnished with a graduated scale. If the fluid 
into which the Areometer is plunged be heavier 
than water, the instrument rises : if lighter, it 
sinks. There are various Areometers, as those 
of the Dutch, of Fahrenheit, Nicholson, Ac. The 
Areometer is also-called Hydrom'eter, (F.) Are- 
omitre, Pise-liqueur. 
There are some hydrometers which have a gene- 
ral application for determining the specific gra 
vities of liquids,-as Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, 
Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hy 
drometers, including Baumfi's, Cartier's, Twad- 
dle's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity beads; 
others intended for special application, - as for 
estimating the comparative strength of spirits; 
the comparative densities of syrups, oils, Ac.,- 
as Guy Lussac's, Sikes's and Dicat's hydrometers, 
and the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer. 
SCALE OF BAUMe'S AREOMETER WITH CORRE- 
SPONDING SPECIFIC GRAVITIES. 
1. Ascending Scale for light liquids. 
Scale of 
Baum6. 
Specific 
Gravities 
Substances. 
700 
Pure hydrocyanic acid.- Gay Lus- 
sac. 
66 
715 
Very pure sulphuric ether. 
60 
742 
The same concentrated. 
50 
782 
48 
792 
Equal parts of alcohol and ether. 
42 
819 ) 
Very pure alcohol for phamaceuti- 
40 
827 j 
cal purposes. 
36 
847 
Pure alcohol. Naphtha. 
33 
863 
Alcohol of commerce. 
32 
868 
Essential oil of turpentine. 
30 
878 
Hydrocyanic acid of Scheele and 
26 
pure hydrocyanic acid, mixed 
with an equal portion of water. 
(Robiquet.) 
25 
23 
906 ) 
915 ( 
Acetic ether. 
1 
Nitric ether. 
Id. 
Id. 1 
Muriatic ether. 
22 
923 r 
Liquid ammonia. 
Olive oil. 
Id. 
Id. ) 
20 
935 \ 
Brandy. 
18 
948 S 
13 
980 
Burgundy wine. 
12 
986 
11 
993 
Bordeaux wine. 
10 
1000 
Distilled water. ARES 
2. Descending Scale for heavy liquids. 
99 
ARGENTUM 
inferna'lis, Argen'tum nit'ricum fusum, and lunar 
caustic, (F.) Nitrate d'argent fondu, Pierre in- 
fernale. 
In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, it 
is directed to be prepared as follows: - Take of 
silver, in small pieces, 5,j.; nitric acid, fjjvij., 
distilled water, Mix the acid with the 
water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture in 
a sand bath; then crystallize, or gradually in- 
crease the heat, so that the resulting salt may be 
dried. Melt this in a crucible over a gentle fire, 
and continue the heat until ebullition ceases; 
then immediately pour it into suitable moulds. 
The virtues of nitrate of silver are tonic, and 
escharotic. It is given in chorea, epilepsy, <tc.; 
locally, it is used in various cases as an escharotic. 
Dose, gr. 1-8 to gr. 1-4 in pill, three times a day. 
When silver is combined with iodine, it is said 
to have the same effect as the nitrate, and not to 
produce the slate colour of the surface, which is 
apt to follow the protracted use of the latter. 
Argenti Oxidum, see Argentum. 
ARGENTILLA VULGARIS, Potentilla an- 
serina. 
AR'GENTINE, Argento'sus, same etymon as 
the next. Pertaining to silver; as an ' argentine 
solution,' or solution of a salt of silver. 
Argentine, Potentilla anserina. 
ARGEN'TUM, Ar'gyrus, from apyoj, ' white,' 
Silver, Luna, Dia'na, (F.) Argent. A solid metal 
of a shining white appearance; insipid; inodor- 
ous ; highly sonorous; malleable and ductile; 
somewhat hard; crystallizable in triangular py- 
ramids ; fusible a little above a red heat, and 
volatizable; s. g. 10.4. Not used in medicine, 
unless in some places for silvering pills. Silver 
Leaf, Argen'tum folia'tum, is the state in which 
it is used for this purpose. 
Argentum Divi'sum, metallic silver, in very 
fine powder, has been recommended internally in 
syphilis. 
The Chloride (Argen'ti chlo'ridum, Argen'- 
tum muriat'icum, A. chlora'tum, A. sali'tum. 
Chlorure'turn Argen'ti, Chlor'uret or Mu'riate of 
Silver, (F.) Chlorure d'Argent;) the Cyanuret; 
the Iodide (Argen'ti lo'didum, Argen'tum loda'- 
tum, lodure' turn Argen'ti, lod'uret of Silver, (F.) 
lodure d'Argent;) the Oxide (Argen'ti ox'idum, 
Argen'tum oxyda'tum, (F.) Oxide d'Argent, and 
the Chloride of Ammonia and Silver (Argen'ti 
et Ammo'nice chlo'ridum, Argen'tum muriat'icum 
ammonia'turn, Chlorure'turn Argen'ti et Ammo'- 
niee, Chlo'ruret of Silver and Ammonia, Ammo- 
nio-chloride of Silver, (F.) Chlorure d'Argent et 
d'Ammoniaque, have been used in syphilis. At 
first, these different preparations were adminis- 
tered iatraleptically on the gums; the chloride, 
the cyanide and the iodide in the dose of l-12th 
of a grain; the chloride of silver and ammonia 
in the dose of l-14th of a grain, and the oxide of 
silver and divided silver in the dose of l-8th and 
l-4th of a grain. M. Serre, of Montpellier, who 
made many trials with them, soon found that 
these doses were too small; he therefore raised 
that of the chloride to l-10th, and of the iodide 
to l-8th of a grain, without any inconvenience 
resulting. The dose of the other preparations was 
likewise increased in a similar ratio. M. Serre 
extols the preparations of silver-used internally 
as well as iatraleptically-as antisyphilitics, bat 
they are not to be depended upon. 
The Cyanuret or Cyanide of Silver, Argen'ti 
Cyanure'tum, A. Cyan'idum, Argen'tum cyanoge- 
na'tum, (F.) Oyanure d'argent, is thus directed 
to be prepared in the Ph. U. S. (1842.) Argent. 
Nit. £xv. Acid Hydrocyan., Aq. destillat. aa Oj. 
Having dissolved the nitrate of silver in the 
water, add the hydrocyanic acid, and mix them. 
Scale of 
Baum6. 
Specific 
Gravities. 
Substances. 
0 
1000 
Common distilled water. 
1 
1007 1 
1000 j 
Distilled vinegar. 
2 
1014 
Common vinegar. 
1032 
Cow's milk. 
10 ' 
12 
1075 ) 
10'Jl J 
Concentrated acetic acid. 
20 
1161 
21 
25 
1180 ( 
1210 > 
Liquid hydrochloric acid. 
30 
1261 
Boiling svrup. 
35 
1321 | 
Cold syrup. 
Common nitric acid. 
40 
1384 ) 
41 
1398 \ 
Concentrated nitric acid. 
45 
1454 S 
Id. 
Id. 
Phosphoric acid for medical use. 
50 
1532 
(SO 
1714 
66 
1847 
Very concentrated sulphuric acid. 
70 
1946 
Very concentrated phosphoric acid. 
ARES. A term invented by Paracelsus to de- 
signate the principle on which depends the form 
of mercury, sulphur, and salt These the alchy- 
mists regarded as the three bodies that give birth 
to every other. 
AR'ETE, apETTj, 'virtue.' Mental or corporeal 
vigour.-Hippocrates. 
ARETHU'SA, A. bulbo'sa; indigenous. Order, 
Orchidaceae. The bruised bulbs are used in 
toothaeh ; and as cataplasms to tumours. 
A'RE US. A pessary mentioned by Paulus of 
uEgina. 
ARGEL, Cynanchum oleaefolium. 
AR'GEMA, Ar'gemon, Ar'gemus, from apyoj, 
'white.' Fos'sula, (F.) Encavure. A white spot 
or ulceration of the eye.-Hippocrates. See Leu- 
coma. 
ARGEM'ONE, MEXICA'NA, Thorn Poppy, 
Prickly Poppy, Yellow Thistle. A native of 
Mexico, but naturalized in most parts of the 
world. ATat. Ord. Papaveracete. Sex. Syst. Po- 
lyandria Monogynia. The juice resembles gam- 
boge, and has been used as a hydragogue. The 
seeds are employed in the West Indies as a sub- 
stitute for ipecacuanha. They are also used as 
a cathartic. 
ARGENSON, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
chalybeate situate at Argenson in Dauphiny: 
used in cases of obstruction, jaundice, &e. 
ARGENT, Argentum-a. Chlorure d' , see Ar- 
gentum- a. Cyanure d', see Argentum - a. et 
d' Ammoniaque, chlorure d', see Argentum - a. 
lodure d', see Argentum - a. Oxide d', see Ar- 
gentum. 
ARGENTERIA, Potentilla anserina. 
ARGENTI CHLORIDUM, see Argentum-a. 
et Ammonise chloridum, see Argentum - a. et 
Ammoniie chloruretum, see Argentum-a. Cya- 
nidum, see Argentum - a. Cyanuretum, see Ar- 
gentum-a. lodidum, see Argentum-a. lodure- 
tum, see Argentum. 
Argen'ti Nitras, Argen'tum Nitra'tum, Sal 
argen'ti, Argentum Nit'ricum, (F.) Nitrate d'Ar- 
gent, Azotate d'Argent, Nitrate of Silver. This 
preparation is sometimes kept in crystals, the 
Nitras Argen'ti in crystal'los concre'tus, Nitrate 
d'Argent crystallise of the Codex of Paris, Luna 
potab'ilis, Crystalli Lunce, Argen'tum nit'ricum 
crystallisa'tum, Nitras argenti crystal'linus, Ni- 
trum luna're, Hydrago'gum Boy'lel Generally, 
however, it is in the fused state: and it is this 
which is admitted into most Pharmacopoeias, and 
which, besides the name Nitras Argenti, is called 
Ni'tras argen'ti fusus, Caus'ticum luna're, Lapis ARGIL 
Wash the precipitate with distilled water and dry 
it. In the last edition of the Pharmacopoeia, 
(1851,) it is directed to be prepared as follows:- 
Nitrate of Silver, dissolved in distilled water, is 
put into a tubulated glass receiver; Ferocyanuret 
of Potassium, dissolved in distilled water, is put 
into a tubulated retort, previously adapted to the 
receiver. Dilute Sulphuric Acid is added to the 
solution in the retort; and, by means of a sand- 
bath and a moderate heat, distillation is carried 
on until the liquid that passes over no longer 
produces a precipitate in the receiver. The pre- 
cipitate is then washed with distilled water, and 
dried. 
The Oxide of Silver, Argen'ti Ox'idum, has 
been introduced into the last edition of the Ph. 
U. S. (1851.) It is made by precipitating a solu- 
tion of the Nitrate of Silver by solution of Po- 
tassa, drying the precipitate. 
Argentum Chloratum, see Argentum - a. 
Cyanogenatum, see Argentum - a. Fugitivum, 
Hydrargyrum - a. Fusum, Hydrargyrum - a. 
lodatum, see Argentum - a. Liquidum, Hydrar- 
gyrum- a. Mobile, Hydrargyrum - a. Muriati- 
cum, see Argentum - a. Muriaticum Ammonia- 
tum, see Argentum-a. Oxydatum, see Argentum 
-a. Salitum, see Argentum-a. Vivum, Hydrar- 
gyrum. 
ARGIL, PURE, Argilia pura. 
ARGILE OCHRE USE PALE, Bolus Alba. 
ARGILLA BOLUS FLAVA, Terra Lemnia- 
a. Bolus rubra, Bole Armenian-a. Ferruginea 
rubra, Bole Armenian-a. Kalisulphurica, Alu- 
men-a. Palida, Bolus alba. 
Argilla Pura, Terra Alu'minis, T. bola'ris, 
seu argilla'cea pura, Alu'mina depura'ta, pure 
Argil or AZuznt'na, (F.) Alumine factice. This sub- 
stance, which is prepared by drying alum and 
exposing it, for twenty or twenty-five minutes, to 
a red heat, until the sulphuric acid is driven off, 
has been recommended in indigestion as antacid, 
as well as in vomiting and diarrhoea accompanied 
with acidity. The dose to a very young child is 
from 3ss to Jj; to older children from 3j to 
Argilla Sulphurica Alcalisata, Alumen 
- a. Sulphurica usta, Alumen exsiccatum - a. 
Supersulphas alcalisatum, Alumen-a. Vitriolata, 
Alumen. 
ARGILLJE ACETAS, Aluminas acetas - a. 
Sulphas, Aluminae sulphas. 
ARGOL, RED, Potassae supertartras impurus 
--a. White, Potassae supertartras impurus. 
ARGUMENTUM INTEGRITATIS, Hymen. 
ARGY'RIA, from apyvpo?, 'silver.' The dis- 
coloration of the skin occasioned by the internal 
use of nitrate of silver. 
ARGYROCHASTA, Matricaria. 
ARGYROPH'ORA, from apyupoj, 'silver,' and 
' I bear.' A name given, by Myrepsus, to 
an antidote which he regarded as extremely pre- 
cious. 
ARGYROTROPHEMA, Rlancmanger. 
ARGYRUS, Argentum. 
ARHEUMAT'IC, Arheumat'icus, from a, pri- 
vative, and pcvga, ' fluxion or rheumatism.' One 
without fluxion or rheumatism. 
ARIA, Crataegus aria. 
ARICI'NA, Cus'conin, Cusco-Cincho'nia, so 
called from Arica in South America, the place 
where it is shipped. An alkali found in Cusco 
Bark, which is very similar in many of its pro- 
perties to Cinchonia. Cusco was the ancient 
residence of the Incas. 
ARIC'YMON, from apt, an intensive particle, 
and uveiv, 'to conceive.' A name given to a 
female who conceives readily.-Hippocrates. 
ARIDE'NA. A Latin word employed to de- 
100 
ARLES 
signate the leanness of any part. - Ettmuller, 
Sauvages. 
ARID'ITY, Arid'itaa. (F.) Aridite, from arere, 
'to dry? The French use the word Aridite to 
express the dryness of any organ, and particu- 
larly of the skin and tongue, when such dryness 
is so great as to render the organ rough to the 
touch. Aridity Also means the lanuginous ap- 
pearance of the hair in some diseases in which 
they seom covered with dust. 
ARIDU'RA. Wasting or emaciation of the 
whole or of, any part of the body; Marasmus, 
Atrophy. 
Aridura Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the - a. 
Hepatis, Hepatrophia. 
ARIKA, see Spirit. 
ARISTALTHjEA, Althaea. 
ARISTOLOCHI'A, from apurros, 'very good,* 
and ' parturition;' so called, because the 
different varieties were supposed to aid parturi- 
tion. Birth wort, (F.) Aristoloche. Several va- 
rieties were once in use. 
Aristolochia Cava, Fumaria bulbosa. 
Aristolochi'a Clemati'tis, Aristolochi' a Vul- 
ga'ris seu Ore'tica, Adra Riza, Aristolochi'a ten' - 
uis, (F.) Aristoloche ordinaire, Upright Birth- 
wort. The root has been considered stimulant 
and emmenagogue, and as such has been used in 
amenorrhoea, chlorosis, and cachexia. 
Aristolochia Cretica, A. Clematitis-a. Fa- 
bacea, Fumaria bulbosa. 
Aristolochi'a Longa, and A. Rotun'da, (F.) 
Aristoloche longue et ronde, Long and Round 
Birthwort. Virtues the same as the preceding. 
Aristolochi'a Pistolochi'a, Pistolochi'a Aris- 
tolochi'a, Polyrrhi'za. This variety has an aro- 
matic odour, and an acrid and bitter taste. (F.) 
Aristoloche cr&nelie. 
Aristolochi'a Serpenta'ria, Serpenta'ria, 
Vipera'ria, Viperi'na Virginia'na, Coluhri'na 
Virginia'na, Oontrayer'va Virginia'na, S. Vir- 
ginia'na, (F). Serpentaire et Aristoloche serpen- 
taire de Virginie, Coluvrine de Virginie, Vir- 
ginia Snakeroot, Snakeroot Birthwort, Snake- 
weed, Snagrel. Virtues-tonic, stimulant; and, 
as such, employed in debility, intermittents, &c. 
Aristolochia Tenuis, A. Clematitis - a. Tri- 
fida, A. Trilobata. 
Aristolochi'a Triloba'ta, A. trif'ida, (F.) 
Aristoloche trilobee. A plant of Surinam and 
Jamaica; possessing the general virtues of the 
Aristolochise. The other varieties of Aristolo- 
chia have similar properties. 
Aristolochi'a Vulgaris Rotunda, Fumaria 
bulbosa. 
ARISTOLOCH'IC, Aristoloch'icus. Same ety- 
mology. An old term for remedies supposed to 
have the property of promoting the flow of the 
lochia.-Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, 
Ac. 
ARIS'TON MAGNUM, and ARISTON PAR- 
VUM. These names were formerly given to 
pharmaceutical preparations, used in phthisis, 
tormina, and fever.-Avicenna. 
ARISTOPIIANEI'ON. A sort of emollient 
plaster, prepared with four pounds of pitch, two 
of apochyma, one of wax, an ounce of opoponax, 
and half a pint of vinegar. - Gorrseus. Not 
used. 
ARKANSAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
About 5 miles from the Washita river, and about 
a quarter of a degree north of the Louisiana line, 
there are about 70 of those springs. They are 
thermal, varying from 138° to 150° Fahrenheit, 
and are employed in rheumatism, cutaneous af- 
fections, <tc. 
ARLADA, Realgar. 
ARLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- ARM 
mal sulphureous springs in the department of 
Pyr6n6es Orientales, France. Their temperature 
is 103° to 145° of Fahr., aud they contain sul- 
phohydric acid. 
ARM, Brachium. 
ARMA, Penis-a. Ventris, Penis. 
ARMAMENTARIUM, Arsenal-a. Chirurgi- 
cum, see Arsenal. 
ARMATORY UNGUENT, Iloplochrysma. 
ARMATURA, Amnios. 
ARME, from apw, 'I adapt.' Any physiolo- 
gical or mechanical junction or union of parts.- 
Hesychius. A suture, as of the cranium.-Galen. 
ARMENIACA EPIROTICA, Prunus Arme- 
niaca - a. Malus, Apricot. See Prunus - a. 
Vulgaris, Prunus Armeniaca. 
ARMENIAN STONE, Melochites. 
ARMENITES, Melochites. 
ARMILL2E MANUS MEMBRANOSJE, An- 
nular ligaments of the carpus. 
Alt MOISE BLANCHE, Artemisia rupestris 
-a. Commune, Artemisia vulgaris-a. Estragon, 
Artemisia dracunculus-a. Ordinaire, Artemisia 
vulgaris. 
ARMONIACUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
ARMORA'CIA. In the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States, the fresh root of Coehlearia ar- 
moracia. 
Armoracia Rusticana, Coehlearia armoracia 
-a. Sativa, Coehlearia armoracia. 
ARMOUR, Condom. 
ARMURE DES JAMBES, see Cornu am- 
monis. 
ARMUS, Humerus-a. Summus, Acromion. 
AR'NICA MONTA'NA. Derivation uncer- 
tain. Arnica, Leopard's Bane, Doron'icum Ger- 
man'icum seu Oppositifo'Hum, D. Ar'nica, Alls'- 
ma, Ac"yrus, Diuret'ica, Arnica Plauen'sis, Pa- 
nace'a lapso'rum, Ptar'mica monta'na, Caltha 
seu Calen'dula Alpi'na, (F.) Arnique, Betoine 
des Montagnes, Tabac des Vosges, Tabac ou Be- 
toine des Savoyards, Doronic d'Allemagne. Sex. 
Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia superflua. Nat. 
Ord. Synanthereae. The plant and flower are 
considered, or have been considered, narcotic, 
stimulant, emmenagogue, &c.; and, as such, have 
been given in amaurosis, paralysis, all nervous 
affections, rheumatism, gout, chlorosis, <fcc. Dose, 
gr. v to x, in powder. In large doses, it is dele- 
terious. 
Arnica Spuria, Inula dysenterica-a. Sueden- 
sis, Inula dysenterica. 
ARNOGLOSSUM, Plantago. 
ARNOTT'S DILATOR, see Dilator, Arnott's. 
ARO'MA, APtyma, 'perfume:' (apt, 'very,' 
and oayr) or oSpr/, 'odour.') Spir'itus Rector, (F.) 
Arome. The odorous part of plants. An ema- 
nation-frequently imponderable, from bodies- 
which acts on the organ of smell, and varies with 
the body exhaling it. 
AROMAT'IC, Aromat'icus, (F.)Mromate. Any 
odoriferous substance obtained from the vegetable 
kingdom which contains much volatile oil, or a 
light and expansible resin. Aromatics are used 
in perfumes, in seasoning, and embalming. In 
medicine they are employed as stimulants. Gin- 
ger, cinnamon, cardamoms, mint, Ac., belong to 
this class. 
AROMATOPO'LA, from aptspa, 'an odour,' 
and iru>\tw, ' I sell.' An apothecary or druggist 
One who sells spices. 
ARON, Arum. 
AROPH. A barbarous word, which had vari- 
ous significations with the ancients. Paracelsus 
employed it to designate a lithonthriptic remedy. 
The mandragora, according to some. Also, a 
mixture of bread, saffron and wine.-Van Hel- 
101 
ARROW ROOT4 
Aroph Paracelsi, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
ARQUEBUS ADE EAU D', Aqua traumat'- 
ica Thede'nii, Aqua Thedia'na, Aqua sclopeta'- 
ria, Aqua vulnera'ria, Aqua catapulta'rum, Mis- 
tu'ra vulnera'ria ac"ida. A sort of vulnerary 
water, distilled from a farrago of aromatic plants. 
Rosemary ibiss, millefoil, thyme, each Ibss. 
Proof spirit 2 gallons-distil a gallon. This is 
one form. t 
ARRABON, Arraphon. 
ARRACHEMENT, (F.) from arracher, 'to 
tear out,' Apospas'ma, Abrup'tio, Avul'sio. Act 
of separating a part of the body by tearing it from 
the bonds connecting it with others. Evulsion. 
Laceration. 
Arrachement is applied to certain operations, 
as to the extraction of a tooth, the extirpation of 
a polypus, <tc. 
ARRACK, Arack. See Spirit. 
AR'RAPHON, Ar'rabon, from a, priv., and 
paibn, ' a suture,' - ' without suture.' A term 
applied to the cranium when it presents no su- 
tures. 
ARRECTIO, Erection. 
ARREPTIO, Inslnity. 
ARRESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
ARRST D' HILDAN, Remora Hildani. 
ARR&TE B(EUF, Ononis spinosa. 
ARRHtE'A, from a, privative, and pca>, 'I flow/ 
The suppression of any flux. Amenorrhoea. 
ARRHOSTEMA, Disease. 
ARRHOSTENIA, Disease. 
ARRHOSTIA, Disease, Infirmity. 
ARRHYTIIMUS, Cacorrhythmus. 
ARRIBA, Geoffraea vermifuga. 
ARRIERE-BOUOHE, Pharynx - a. - Dent, 
see Dentition-a.-Faix, Secundines. 
ARRIERE-GOUT, (F.) 'after taste.' The 
taste left by certain bodies in the mouth for some 
time after they have been swallowed, owing per- 
haps to the papillae of the mouth having imbibed 
the savoury substance. 
ARRIERES NARINES, Nares, posterior. 
ARROCHE, Atriplex hortensis - a. Puant, 
Chenopodium vulvaria. 
ARROSEMENT, Aspersion. 
ARROWHEAD, Sagittaria variabilis. 
ARROW LEAF, Sagittaria variabilis. 
ARROW POISON. This differs with different 
tribes of Indians. By some, the poison capsicum, 
and infusions of a strong kind of tobacco, and of 
euphorbiaceaa are mixed together, with the poi- 
sonous emmet, and the teeth of the formidable 
serpent, called by the Peruvian Indians Miua- 
maru or Jeryon,-Lachesis picta of Tschudi. 
ARROW ROOT, Fec'ula Maran'ta, Am'ylum 
maranta'ceum, A. America'num. The fecula of 
the rhizoma of Maran'ta Arundina'cea, which, 
like all feculae, is emollient and nutritive, when 
prepared with water, milk, <fcc. 
Dr. Carson has shown, that Florida arrow-root 
is derived from Za'mia integrifo'lia or Z.pu'mila, 
Sugar pine ; Bermuda arrow root being obtained 
from Maranta arundinacea. Florida arrow root, 
as well as the farina, is known in the Southern 
States under the name Coonti or Coontie. 
According to Dr. Ainslie, an excellent kind of 
arrow root is prepared in Travancore from the 
root of Curcuma angustifolia. 
Arrow root mucilage is made by rubbing arrow 
root powder with a little cold water, in a basin, 
by means of the back of a spoon, until it is com- 
pletely mixed with the water; then pouring boil- 
ing water over it, stirring assiduously until a sojt, 
gelatinous, tenacious mucilage is formed; and, 
lastly, boiling for five minutes. A tablespoonful 
of arrow root powder is sufficient to make a pint « ARROW WOOD 
- 
of mucilage. It may be moderately sweetened ; 
and wine or lemon juice may be added. 
With milk also it forms a bland and nutritious 
article of diet. 
Arrow Root, Brazilian. The fecula of Ja- 
tropha Manihot. 
Arrow Root, Common, see Solanum tubero- 
sum. 
Arrow Root, East Indian. The fecula of 
the tubers of Curcuma angustifolia or narrow- 
leaved Turmeric. 
Arrow Root, English, Arrow root, common. 
ARROW WOOD, Euonymus, Viburnum den- 
datum. 
ARS CABALISTICA, Cabal-a. Chymiatrica, 
Chymiatria-a. Clysmatica nova, Infusion of me- 
dicines-a. Coquinaria, Culinary art-a. Cosme- 
tica, Cosmetics - a. Culinaria, Culinary art-a. 
Empirica, Empiricism-a. Hermetica, Chymistry 
- a. Homceopathica, Homoeopathy - a. Hydria- 
trica, Hydrosudotherapeia-a. Infusoria, Infu- 
sion of medicines-a. Machaonia, Medicina-a. 
Majorum, Chymistry-a. Medica, Medicina-a. 
Obstetricia, Obstetrics-a. Sanandi, Art, healing 
-a. Separatoria, Chymistry-a. Spagirica, Chy- 
mistry-a. Veterinaria, Veterinary Art-a. Zoia- 
trica, Veterinary Art 
ARSALTOS, Asphaltum. 
ARSATUM, Nymphomania. 
ARSENAL, (F.) Chirapothe'ca, Armamenta'- 
rium, A. chirur'gicum. A collection of surgical 
instruments. A work containing a description 
of surgical instruments. 
ARSEN'IATE, Arsen'ias. A salt formed by 
a combination of arsenic acid with a salifiable 
base. 
Arseniate of Ammonia, Arsen'ias Ammo'nice, 
Ammo'niurn Arsenic'icum, (F.) Arseniate d'Am- 
moniaque. This preparation is highly extolled 
in cutaneous diseases. A grain of the salt may 
be dissolved in an ounce of distilled water, and 
20 to 25 drops be commenced with as a dose. 
Arseniate of Iron, Arsen'ias Ferri, Ferrum 
Arsenia'tum, F. Arsen'icum oxydula'tum, (F.) 
Arseniate de Fer. This preparation has been 
applied externally to cancerous ulcers. An oint- 
ment may be made of of the arseniate, 3'j °f 
the phosphate of iron, and Jvj of spermaceti 
ointment. The arseniate has also been given in- 
ternally in cancerous affections, in the dose of one- 
sixteenth of a grain. 
Arseniate of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, 
Proto-arsell'iate of Potas' sium, Arsen'iate of Po- 
tassa, Arsen'ias Potassa, Arsenias Kali. Pro- 
perties the same as those of arsenious acid. 
Arseniate of Quinia, Quiniae Arsenias. 
AR'SENIC, Arsen'icum. A solid metal; of a 
steel-gray colour; granular texture; very brittle; 
volatilizing before melting; very combustible and 
acidifiable. It is not dangerous of itself, and only 
becomes so by virtue of the facility with which it 
absorbs oxygen. 
ARSENIC BLANC, Arsenicum album. 
Arsenic, Iodide of, Arsen'ici lo'didum seu 
Teriod'idum, A. lodure'tum, Arsen'icum loda'- 
tum; formed by the combination of arsenious 
acid and iodine. This preparation, applied ex- 
ternally, has been highly extolled in various cu- 
taneous affections. An ointment may be made 
of three grains of iodide to 5j of lard. It has 
also been given internally in the dose of a tenth 
of a grain in similar affections. 
Arsenic, Oxide of, Arsenicum album-a. Ox- 
ide of, White, Arsenicum album-a. White, Arse- 
nicum album. 
Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of, Hydrar'- 
gyri et Arsen'ici lo'didum, Double I'odide of 
Mer'cury and Ar'senic, Iodo-arsenite of Mer'cwy. 
102 
ART 
A compound, which has been proposed as more 
efficacious than either the iodide of arsenic or the 
iodide of mercury. It is made by triturating 6.08 
grains of metallic arsenic ; 14.82 grains of mer- 
cury ; 49 of iodine, with a fluidrachm of alcohol, 
until the mass has become dry, and from being 
deep brown has become pale red. Eight ounces 
of distilled icater are poured on, and, after tritu- 
ration for a few moments, the whole is transfer- 
red to a flask; half a drachm of hydriodic acid, 
prepared by the acidification of two grains of 
iodine, is added, and the mixture is boiled for a 
few moments. When the solution is cold, make 
the mixture up to with distilled water. 
This is called by Mr. Donovan, the proposer, 
Liquor Arsen'ici et Hydrar'gyri lo'didi, each 
drachm of which by measure consists of water 
3j, arsenious acid gr. l-8th; peroxide of mercury 
gr. l-4th, iodine converted into hydriodic acid 
gr. 3-4ths. In the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
it is directed to be made of Arsenici lodidum and 
Hydrargyri lodidum rubrum, each gr. xxxv; and 
Aqua destillata Oss; dissolving by rubbing, heat- 
ing to the boiling point, and filtering. 
The dose of Donovan's Solution, is from 
to two or three times a day. 
It has been used successfully in inveterate cu- 
taneous diseases. 
ARSEN'ICAL PASTE, (F.) Pate Arsenicale. 
This application to cancers is formed of 70 parts 
of cinnabar, 22 of dragon's blood, and 8 of arse- 
nious acid ; made into a paste with saliva, when 
about to be applied. 
ARSENICI I0DIDUM, Arsenic, Iodide of- 
a. loduretum, Arsenic, Iodide of-a. Teriodidum, 
Arsenic, iodide of. 
ARSENICISM'US, Intoxica'tio Arsenica'lis. 
Poisoning by arsenic. 
ARSEN'ICUM ALBUM; White Ar'senic, Ox- 
ide of Ar'senic, Ratsbane, Arsen'ici ox'ydum al- 
bum, Calx Arsen'ici alba, Arsenico'sum, 
A. Arsenio'sum (Ph. U. S.), Arsen'ious acid, White 
oxide of arsenic, (F.) Arsenic blanc. An acid 
which is met with in commerce, in compact, white, 
heavy, fragile, masses; of a vitreous aspect, opake, 
and covered with a white dust; of an acrid and 
nauseous taste; without smell when cold; vola- 
tiliz able by heat, and exhaling the odour of gar- 
lic : soluble in water, alcohol and oil; crystalli- 
zable in regular octahedrons. It is this that is 
meant by the name arsenic, as commonly used. 
Arsen'icum Album Sublima'tum, Sublimed 
Oxide of Arsenic, is the one employed in medi- 
cine. It is tonic and escharotic, and is the most 
virulent of mineral poisons. It is used in in- 
termittents, periodical headachs, neuroses, Ac. 
Dose, gr. one-tenth to one-eighth in pill. See 
Poisons, Table of. 
Arsenicum Iodatum, Arsenic, Iodide of-a. 
Rubrum Factitium, Realgar. 
ARSENIS POTASS2E, Arsenite of protoxide 
of potassium-a. Potassae aquosus, Liquor arse- 
nicalis-a. Potass® liquidus, Liquor arsenicalis. 
AR'SENITE, Ar'senis. A salt, formed by a 
combination of the arsenious acid with a salifi- 
able base. 
Ar'senite of Protox'ide of Potas'sium, Pro- 
to-ar'senite of Potas'sium, Ar'senite of Potassa, 
Ar'senis Potassa. An uncrystallizable and co- 
lourless salt, which forms the basis of the liquor 
arsenicalis, which see. 
Arsenite of Quinia, Quini® arsenis. 
ARSE-SMART, Persicaria - a. Biting, Poly- 
gonum hydropiper. 
ART, HEALING, Ars Sanan'di, Medici'no. 
The appropriate application of the precepts of 
the best physicians, and of the results of experi- 
ence to the treatment of disease. ARTABE 
Art, Veterinary, Veterinary art. 
AR'TABE, Name of a measure for 
dry substances, in use with the ancients, equal 
at times, to 5 modii: at others, to 3; and at 
others, again, to 7.-Galen. 
ARTANTHE ELONGATA, see Matico. 
AR'TELSHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These German waters have been much recom- 
mended in hysteria, gout, palsy, &c. Their 
physical or chemical properties have not been 
described. 
ARTEMIS'IA, Anacti'rion. Called after a 
queen of the name, who first employed it; or 
from Aprc/its, 'Diana;' because it was formerly 
used in diseases of women, over whom she pre- 
sided. The Gauls called it Bricumwn. 
Artemis'ia Abrot'anum, Adrot'aaum, Abrot'- 
onum, Abrot'anum Cathsum, Abrot'anum mas, 
Abrathan, South'ernwood, Oldman, (F.) Aurone, 
Aurone male, Aurone deg jardins, Garderobe, 
Citronelle. Supposed to be possessed of stimu- 
lant properties. 
Oil of Southernwood, O'leum Abrot'ani, (F.) 
Huile d'Aurone, possesses the aromatic proper- 
ties of the plant. 
Artemis'ia Absin'thium, Absin'thium, Absin'- 
thium vulga're, Apsin'thium, Barypi'eron, Com- 
mon Wormwood, (F.) Absinthe. Properties:-- 
tonic and anthelmintic. The Oil of Wormwood, 
O'leum Absin'thii, (F.) Huile d'Absinthe, contains 
the aromatic virtues of the plant. 
Artemisia Afra, a South African species, is 
tonic, antispasmodic and anthelmintic; and has 
been used in debility of the stomach, visceral ob- 
structions, jaundice and hypochondriasis. It is 
taken in infusion, decoction and tincture. A 
strong infusion is used by the Cape Colonists as 
a collyrium in weakness of the eyes; and the 
pounded leaves and stalks are employed as dis- 
cutients in oedema and sugillations. 
Artemisia Alba, A. Santonica-a. Balsamita, 
A. Pontiea. 
Artemisia Bien'nis, Biennial Wormwood; in- 
digenous. 
Artemisia Botrys, Chenopodium ambrosi- 
oides. 
Artemis'ia Campes'tris, Field Southernwood, 
(F.) Aurone des Champs. This possesses the 
same properties as A. Abrot'anum. 
Artemisia Chenopodium, Chenopodium bo- 
trys. 
Artemisia Chinen'sis, A. In'dica, A. Moxa. 
From this the Chinese form their rnoxas. 
Artemisia Contra, A. Santonica. 
Artemisia Dracun'culus, Tar'agon, (F.) 
Armoise estragon. Virtues: - the same as the 
last 
Artemis'ia Glacia'lis, Silky Wormwood; 
Artemisia Indica, Artemisia Chinensis, A. 
Santonica ; 
Artemisia Leptophylla, A. Pontiea; 
Artemisia Marit'ima, Absin'thium Mari'num 
seu Marit'imum, Sea Wormwood, Maritime South- 
ernwood ; 
Artemisia Moxa, A. Chinensis; 
and 
Artemis'ia Pon'tica, A. Roma'na seu Tenui- 
fo'lia seu Balsami'ta seu Leptophyl'la, Absinthi- 
um Pon'tieum seu Roma'num, Homan Wormwood, 
Lesser Wormwood, possess like virtues; - as well 
as 
Artemisia Romana, A. Pontiea; 
Artemisia Rubra, A. Santonica; and 
Artemis'ia Rupes'tris, Creeping Wormwood, 
Gen'ipi album, (F.) Armoise blanc, Genipi blanc. 
This variety has aromatic virtues, and is used in 
intermittent:?, and in amenorrhoea. 
Artemis'ia Santon'ica, Santon'icum, Arte- 
103 
ARTERIA 
mis'ia contra, Semen contra Vermes, Semen con- 
tra, S. Zedoa'rice, Canni Herba, Chameecedris, 
Chamcecyparis''sue, Semen Cina, Hagiosper'mum, 
Sanc'tum Semen, Absin'thium Santon'icum, Se- 
menti'na, Xantoli'na, Scheba Ar'abum, Artemis'ia 
Juda'ica, Sina seu Oina Levan'tica, Wormseed, 
Tartarian Southernwood, (F.) Barbotine. Vir- 
tues :-anthelmintic and stimulant. Dose, gr. x. 
to 5j in powder. 
Artemisia Tenuifolia, A. Pontica. 
Artemis'ia Vulga'ris, Artemis'ia rubra etalba, 
Oin'gulum Sancti Joan'nis, Mater Herba'rum, Be- 
renisecum, Bubastecor'dium, Canapa'cia, Mug- 
wort, (F.) Armoise ordinaire, A. Commune, Herbe 
de Saint Jean. This, as well as some other 
varieties, possesses the general tonic virtues of 
the Artemisiie. Artemisia vulgaris has been 
highly extolled by the Germans in cases of epi- 
lepsy. Dose of the powder, in the 24 hours, from 
3ss to 3j. 
AR TH BE, Artery-a. Brachial, Brachial ar- 
tery-a. Brach io-cephalique, Innominata arteria 
-a. Bronchique, Bronchial artery-a. Ciliaire, 
Ciliary artery - a. Clitorienne: see Clitoris - a. 
Oacale: see Colic arteries - a. CollatSrale du 
coude, Anastomoticus magnus ramus-a Collate- 
rals externe, Arteria profunda humeri-a. Colla- 
terale interne, Anastomoticus magnus ramus-a. 
Coronaire des levres, Labial artery-a. Coronaire 
Stomachique, Coronary artery-a. Crurale, Crural 
artery-a. Deuxieme des thoraciques, Arteria tho- 
racica externa inferior-a. Epineuse, Meningeal 
artery, middle-a. Fimoro-poplitee, Ischiatic artery 
-a. Fessiire, Gluteal artery-a. Gastrique droite, 
petite, Pyloric artery - a. Gutturo-maxillaire, 
Maxillary artery, internal - a. Honteuse externe, 
Pudic, external, artery-a. Honteuse interne, Pu- 
dic, internal, artery-a. Humerale profonde, Ar- 
teria profunda humeri-a. Iliaque primitive, Iliac 
artery - a. Innominie, Innominata arteria - a. 
Irienne, Ciliary artery-a. Ischio-penienne: see 
Pudic, internal, artery - a. Medians anterieure, 
Spinal artery, anterior - a. Mediane posterieure 
du rachis, Spinal artery, posterior-a. Meningee 
moyenne, Meningeal artery, middle-a. Menton- 
Mental foramen-a. Mesocephalique, Basi- 
lary artery - a. Mesocolique: see Colic artery-■ 
a. Musculaire du bras, Arteria profunda humeri 
-a. Musculaire du bras, grande: see Collateral 
arteries of the arm-a. Musculaire grande de la 
cuisse, Arteria profunda femoris-a. Opisthogas- 
trique, Coeliac artery-a. Orbitaire, Ophthalmic 
artery - a. de I'Ovaire, Spermatic artery - a. 
Pelvi-crurale, Crural artery - a. Pelvi-crurale, 
Iliac artery-a. Pelvienne, Hypogastric artery- 
a. Premiere des thoraciques, Arteria thoracica 
externa superior - a. Badio-carpienne transver- 
sale paimaire, Radio-carpal artery - a. Scrotale, 
Pudic, external, artery - a. Sous-clavilre, Sub- 
clavian artery-a. Sous-pubio-femorale, Obturator 
artery-a. Sous-pubienne, Pudic, internal, artery 
-a. Sous-sternal, Mammary, internal-a. Sphi- 
no-tpineuse, Meningeal artery, middle-a. Stomo- 
gastrique, Coronary artery - a. Sus-carpienne: 
see Sus-carpien - a. Sus-maxillaire, Alveolar 
artery - a. Sus-maxillaire, Buccal artery - a. 
Sus-mitatarsienne, Metatarsal artery - a. Sus- 
pubienne, Epigastric artery - a. Testiculaire, 
Sperma tic artery-a. Thoracique humerale, Acro- 
mial artery - a. Trachelocervical: see Cerebral 
arteries - a. Trochant&rienne, Circumflex artery 
of the thigh-a. Trotsieme des thoraciques, Acro- 
mial artery - a. Tympanique, Auditory ■artery, 
external-a. Uveale: see Ciliary artery-a. Vul- 
vaire, Pudic, external, artery. 
ARTERIA, Artery-a. Ad Cutem Abdominis, 
see Ad Cutem abdominis, (arteria)-a. Anonyma, ARTERIAC 
Tnnominata artery-a. Aspera, Trachea-a. Ce- 
rebralis, Carotid, internal-a. Cerviealis, Basilary 
artery-a. Coronaria dextra, Pyloric artery-a. 
Crassa, Aorta-a. Externa cubiti, Radial artery 
-a. Dorsalis metacarpi, Metacarpal artery - a. 
Durae matris media maxima, Meningeal artery, 
middle - a. Encephalica, Carotid, internal - a. 
Gastrica superior, Coronary artery-a. Ilio-colica: 
see Colic arteries-a. Iliaca interna, Hypogastric 
artery-a. Iliaca posterior, Hypogastric artery- 
a. Magna, Aorta - a. Magna pollicis, Princeps 
pollicis-a. Malleolaris externa : see Tibial arte- 
ries-a. Malleolaris interna: see Tibial arteries- 
a. Mammaria externa, A. Thoracica externa, in- 
ferior-a. Maxima, Aorta-a. Media anastomoti- 
ca: see Colic arteries-a. Meningaea media, Me- 
ningeal artery, middle-a. Muscularis femoris, A. 
Profunda femoris-a. Pharyngea suprema, Ptery- 
goid artery - a. Profunda eerebri: see Cerebral 
arteries-a. Pudenda communis, Pudic, internal, 
artery - a. Pudica, Pudic, internal, artery - a. 
Ramulus ductus Pterygoidei, Pterygoid artery- 
a. Spheno-spinosa, Meningeal artery, middle-a. 
Spinalis, A. Profunda humeri-a. Sternalis, Mam- 
mary, internal - a. Supra-orbitalis, Frontal ar- 
tery - a. Sylviana : see Cerebral arteries - a. 
Thoracica axillaris vel alaris, Scapular artery, 
inferior-a Thoracica humeralis, Acromial artery 
-a. Transversalis colli: see Cerebral arteries- 
a. Transversalis humeri, Scapular artery, superior 
- a. Ulnaris, Cubital artery - a. Uterina hypo- 
gastrica, Uterine artery - a Vasta posterior, A. 
Profunda femoris. 
ARTE'RIAC, Arteri'acus. A medicine pre- 
scribed in diseases of the windpipe. Also arte- 
rial. 
ADIPO'SJE. The arteries which 
secrete the fat about the kidneys are sometimes 
so called. They are ramifications of the capsular, 
diaphragmatic, renal, and spermatic arteries. 
Arteri.e Apoplectics, Carotids-a. Capitales, 
Carotids-a. Ciliares, Ciliary arteries-a. Corporis 
callosi cerebri, Mesolobar arteries-a. Jugulares, 
Carotids-a. Lethargicae, Carotids-a. Mesolobi- 
cae, Mesolobar arteries - a. Praeparantes, Sper- 
matic arteries-a. Somniferae, Carotids-a. Sopo- 
rales, Carotids-a. Soporariae, Carotids-a. Ve- 
nosre, Pulmonary veins. 
ARTE'RIAL, Arteri'acus, Arterio'sus. Be- 
longing to arteries. 
Arterial Blood, (F.) Sang arteriel. Red 
blood is so called because contained in the arte- 
ries. The pulmonary veins, however, also con- 
tain red blood: hence the name arterial veins, 
(F.) Veines artirielles, applied to them. 
Arte'rial Duct, Cana'lis arterio'sus, Ductus 
arterio'sus, D. Botal'lii, (F.) Canal arteriel, C. 
Pulmo-aortique, is the portion of the pulmonary 
artery which terminates in the aorta in the foetus. 
When this duct is obliterated after birth, it is 
called Arte'rial Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament artiriel. 
Arterial System includes all the arteries, 
from their origin in the heart to their termina- 
tion in the organs. See Vascular System. 
ARTERIALIZATION OF THE BLOOD, 
Hsematosis. 
ARTERIARCTIE,, from apri/pia, 'artery,' and 
arcto, ' I straiten.' Contraction of an artery. 
ARTERIECTASIS, Aneurism. 
ARTERIECTOP'IA, from apn/pia, 'artery,' 
and iktottos, ' out of place. Dislocation of an 
artery. 
ARTERIEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
ARTERIITIS, Arteritis. 
ARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism. 
ARTERIOG'RAPHY, Arteriogra'phia: from 
aprT/pia, 'artery,' and ypatpr/, 'a description.' A 
description of the arteries. 
104 
ARTERY 
ARTERIOLA. A small artery. 
ARTERIOL'OGY, Arteriolog"ia; from aprypia, 
'artery/and Xoyoj, 'a discourse? A treatise on 
An epithet ap- 
plied to vessels which creep along the interior 
of the nostrils.-Ruysch. 
ARTERIORRIIEXIS, see Aneurism. 
ARTERIOS'ITAS, from Arteria, 'an artery? 
A condition of the blood in which it preserves in 
the veins the arterial character. - The opposite 
to Venositas. 
Arteriositas Sanguinis, Praedominium san- 
guinis arteriosi. 
AHTERIOSTEIE, from aprnpia, 'artery/ and 
otrrcov, ' a hone? Ossification of an artery. - 
Piorry. 
ARTERIOT'OMY, Arteriotom'ia, from aprnpia, 
'an artery/ and repvu, 'I cut? This word has 
been used for the dissection of arteries. Most 
commonly, however, it means a surgical opera- 
tion, which consists in opening an artery, to 
draw blood from it. Arteriotomy is chiefly used 
in inflammatory affections of the head, when the 
blood is generally obtained from the temporal 
artery. See Blood-letting. 
ARTERI'TIS, Arterii'tis, Inflamma'tio Arte- 
ria'rum, (F.) Arterite, Inflammation dee arteres ; 
from aprnpia, ' an artery,' and itis, a termination 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of an ar- 
tery. Inflammation of the inner coat of an 
artery is termed Endo-arteri'tis, or Endonar- 
teri'tis; of the outer, Exo-arteri'tis or Exar- 
teri'tis. 
AR'TERY, Arte'ria, (F.) Artire, from arjp, 
'air/ and -njpeiv, 'to preserve/ quasi, 'receptacle 
of air/ because the ancients believed that it con- 
tained air. They, at first, gave the name Artery 
to the trachea, aprr/pia because it is filled 
with air; and afterwards they used the same 
term for the arteries, properly so called, probably 
because they commonly found them empty in the 
dead body. We find, also, to designate 
the arteries, called by the Latins Vence mican'tes 
pulsat'iles. Arteries, with the moderns, signify 
the order of vessels, which arise from the two 
ventricles of the heart, and have valves only at 
their origin. They are cylindrical, firm, and 
elastic canals; of a yellowish white colour; little 
dilatable; easily lacerable; and formed, 1. Of an 
external, laminated or areolar membrane, of a 
dense and close character. 2. Of a middle coat 
composed of fibres, which does not, however, 
contract on the application of the galvanic stimu- 
lus ; and 3. Of an inner coat, which is thin, dia- 
phanous, reddish, and polished. 
The use of the arteries is to carry the blood 
from the heart to the various parts of the system. 
It will be obvious, however, that they eannot all 
convey arterial blood. The pulmonary artery, 
for example, is destined to convey the venous 
blood to the lungs, there to be converted into 
arterial; whilst the pulmonary veins convey 
arterial blood back to the heart. 
TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTERIES OF THE 
BODY. 
All the other arteries take their rise from the 
Pulmonary Artery, or the Aorta: and the names 
generally indicate the parts to which they are 
distributed. 
I. Arteria Pulmonalis. 
The Pulmonary Artery arises from the right 
ventricle, and soon divides into a right and left 
branch, one of which is distributed to each 
lung. ARTERY 1 
II. Arteria Aorta. 
The Aorta arises from the left ventricle. It is 
the common trunk of the arteries of the body, 
and may be divided into fire portions. 
a. Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its origin. 
1. A. Cardiaca or coronaria anterior. 
2. A. Cardiaca or coronaria posterior. 
b. Arteries furnished by the Aorta at its arch. 
The arch of the Aorta gives off, to the left, two 
considerable trunks-the Arteria carotidea pri- 
mitiva, and A. subclavia; and, to the right, a 
single trunk, which is larger-the A. innominata, 
or Brachio-cephalica, which divides into the pri- 
mitive carotid and subclavian. 
105 
ARTERY 
c. Arteries given off by the Aorta in the Thorax. 
1. A. Bronchica, dextra et sinistra. 
2. A. cesophagixa (to the number of four, 
five, or six.) 
3. A mediastiuce posteriores. 
4. A. intercostales inferiores vel aorticm 
(to the number of eight, nine, or ten.) 
These 
arteries 
are, 
d. Arteries furnished by the Aorta in the Abdomen, 
These | 
branches- 
are, I 
diaphragmatica vel phrenica 
dextra et sinistra. 
2. A. 
Cadiaca. 
Which divides into three branches, 1. A. co- 
ronaria ventriculi. 2. A. Hepatica. which 
gives off A. pylorica. A. gastro-epiploica 
dextra and A. cystica; and, lastly, the A. 
splenica, which gives off A. gastro-epiplo- 
ica sinistra and Vasa brevia. 
A. Arteria Caro- 
tidea PRIMITIVA. 
Divides into A. Carotidea exter- 
na, A. Carotidea interna. 
3. A. 
Mcsen- 
terica 
superior 
Which gives off' at its concavity the A. co- 
lica dextra superior, media et inferior, and 
at its convex part from 15 to 20 Rami in- 
testinales. 
Furnishes, I. A. Thyroidea superior. 
2. A. lingualis, which gives off the A. dor- 
salis lingme and A. sublingualis. 
3. A. facialis vel A. Maxillaris externa, 
which furnishes the A. palatina infe- 
rior, the A. submentalis, and A. coro- 
naria superior and inferior. 
4. A. occipitalis, which gives off the A. 
mastoidea posterior. 
5. A- auricularis posterior, which gives 
off A. stylo-mastoidea. 
6. A. pharyngea inferior. 
4. A. 
Mcsen- 
terica 
inferior. 
Which gives off A. colica superior media, 
and inferior, and divides into A. hsemur- 
rhoidales superiores. 
a. A. Ca- 
ro lidea 
externa. 
5. The A. Capsulares media (to the number of two 
on each side.) 
6. A. Resales vel Emulgentes. 
7. A. Spermatica. 
8. A. Lumbares (to the number of four or five on 
each side.) 
e. Arteries resulting from the Bifurcation of the 
Aorta. 
The Aorta, a little above its Bifurcation, gives off 
the A. sacra media, and divides into A. iliaca: pri- 
mitive. 
The external carotid ultimately divides into the 
temporal artery and internal maxillary. 
i. a: 
Tempo- 
ralis. 
I Furnishes A. transversalis faciei, A. auricu- 
) laris anterior, and A. temporalis media. 
Furnishes 13 branches, viz. A. meningca 
media, A. dentaris inferior, A. temporalis 
profunda posterior, A. masseterina, A. 
pterygoidea. A. buccalis, A temporalis pro- 
funda anterior, A. alveolaris ; A. suborbi- 
laris, A. vidiana, A. pterygopalatina or 
pharyngea superior, A. palatina superior, 
and A. sphenopalatina. 
2. A. 
Jdaxilla- 
ris in- 
terna. 
A. Iliaca ( 
primi- . 
tiva. I 
Divides into A. Iliaca interna and A. Iliaca 
externa. 
Furnishes, 1. A. ilio-lumbaris. 2. A. sacra 
lateralis 3. A glutea vel iliaca posterior. 
4. A. umhilicalis. 5. A. eestcalis. 6. A. 
obturatoria. 7. A. haimorrhoidea media. 
8 A. uterina. 9. A. vaginalis. 10. A, 
ischiatica. 11. A. pudenda interna, which 
gives off the A. hemorrhoidales inferiores, 
A, of the septum., A. transversa perinei, 
A. corporis cavernosi, a nd A. dorsalis penis. 
' Furnishes, 1. A. ophthalmica, which gives 
off A. lachrymalis, A. centralis retinae, A. 
supraorbitaria vel superciliaris, A.ciliares 
posteriores, A. ciliares longte, A. muscu- 
laris superior et inferior, A. etlnnoidalis 
posterior et anterior, A. palpebralis supe- 
rior et inferior, A. nasalis, and A. fronta- 
lis. 2. A. communicans, IVillesii. 3. A. 
choroidea. 4. A. cerebralis anterior. 5. A. 
cerebralis media. 
a. A. Il- 
iaca in- 
terna. 
b. A. Ca- 
rotidea . 
interna. 
b. A. Il 
iaca ex- 
terna. 
Furnishes, 1. A. epigastrica. 2. A. iliaca an- 
terior vel circuniflexa ilii, and is continued 
afterwards under the name of Crural Ar- 
tery. 
Furnishes, 1. A. vertebralis, which gives off 
A. spinalis anterior et posterior, A. cere- 
bellosa inferior, and forms-by uniting it- 
self with that of the opposite side-the A. 
basilaris, divided into A. cerebellosa su- 
perior and A. cerebralis posterior. 2. A. 
thyroidea inferior, which gives off A. cer- 
vicalis ascendens. 3. A. mammaria in- 
terna, which gives off the A. mediastina 
anterior and A. diaphragmatica superior. 
4. A intercostalis superior. 5. A. cervica- 
lis transversa. 6. A. scapularis superior. 
7. A. cervicalis posterior vel profunda. 
Farther on, the subclavian artery conti- 
nues its progress under the name A. axil- 
laris. 
Furnishes; 1. subcutanea abdominalis. 2. 
A. pudenda superfir.ialis and profunda. 3. 
A. muscularis superficialis. 4, A muscu- 
laris profunda, which gives off the A. cir- 
cumflexa externa and interna, and the 
three Perforantes, distinguished into su- 
perior, middle, and inferior. Farther on, 
the crural artery continues under the 
name A. Poplitir.a. 
A. Cru- 
ralis. 
B. AR- 
TERIA 
SUBCLA- ' 
VIA. 
Furnishes, 1. Articulares svperiores, in- 
terna, media, et externa. 2. A. Oemslla. 
3 Ji. Articulares inferiores, interna et ex- 
terna. 4. A. tibialis antica, which, at the 
foot, takes the name, j?. dorsalis tarsi, and 
gives off the tarsal and metatarsal arte- 
ries. In the leg, the popliteal artery di- 
vides into the peroneal and posterior 
tibial. 
A. Pop- 
littea. 
A. Axil- 
laris. 
Furnishes, 1. A. acromialis. 2. A, thoracica 
superior. 3. A. thoracica inferior vel longa 
vel mammaria externa. 4. A. scapularis 
inferior vel communis. 5. A. circumflexa 
posterior. 6. A. circumflexa anterior. Far- 
ther on, the axillary artery continues un- 
der the name A. brachialis. 
l.A. Pe- 
roncea. 
Divides into A. peronata antica and A.pero- 
n<r postica. 
Divides into A. plantaris interna and jJ. 
plantaris externa. Tile latter, by anasto- 
mosing with the A. dorsalis tarsi, forms 
the plantar arch, whence arise Rami su- 
periores vel perforantes postici, R. Infcri- 
ores postici et antici, which give off Rami 
perforantes antici. 
2. Ji Ti- 
bialis 
postica. 
A Bra- 
chialis. 
Furnishes A. humeralis profunda vei collate- 
ralis externa. 2. A. collateralis interna. 
It afterwards divides into the radial and 
cubital arteries. 
Gives off A. recurrens radialis, A. dorsalis 
carpi, A. dorsalis metacarpi, A. dorsalis 
pollicis, and terminates in forming the 
Arcus palmaris profundus. 
Artery, Angular, Facial artery - a. Articu- 
lar, Circumflex artery-a. Brachiocephalic, Inno- 
minata arteria-a. Central of the retina, Central 
artery of the retina-a. Central of Zinn, Central 
artery of the retina -a. Cephalic, Carotid - a. 
Cerebral posterior, Vertebral-a. Cervico-scapu- 
lar, see Cervical arteries-a. Coronary of the lips, 
Labial artery-a. Crotaphite, Temporal artery- 
a. Fibular, Peroneal artery- a. Gastric inferior, 
l.j?. Ra- 
dialis. 
2. JI. Cu- 
bitalis, 
Gives off A. recurrens cubitalis anterior and 
posterior: A. interossea anterior and pos- 
terior. which latter furnishes A. recurrens 
radio lis posterior. It terminates in form- 
ing the superficial palmar arch, which 
gives off A. Collaterales digitorum. ARTETISCUS 
Gastro-epiploic artery - a. Gastro-hcpatic, see 
Gastro-epiploic artery-a. Genital, Pudic (inter- 
nal) artery - a. Guttural inferior, Thyroideal A. 
inferior-a. Guttural superior, Thyroideal A. su- 
perior- a. Humeral, Brachial artery - a. Iliac 
posterior, Gluteal artery - a. Iliaco-muscular, 
Ileo-lumbar artery-a. Labial, Facial artery-a. 
Laryngeal superior, Thyroideal artery, superior 
•-a. Maxillary internal, Facial artery-a. Median 
of the sacrum, Sacral artery, anterior-a. Nasal, 
lateral, large, Spheno-palatine artery-a. Palato- 
labial, Facial artery - a. Pericephalic, Carotid 
(external) - a. Pharyngeal, superior, Pterygo- 
palatine artery - a. Phrenic, Diaphragmatic ar- 
tery - a. Posterior of the brain, see Cerebral ar- 
teries- a. External scapular, Acromial artery - 
a. Spinal, Meningeal artery, middle-a. Subcla- 
vian right, Innominata arteria-a. Subscapular, 
Scapular artery, inferior - a. Superficial of the 
abdomen, Ad cutem abdominis (arteria) - a. Su- 
pramaxillary, Alveolar artery - a. Suprarenal, 
Capsular artery-a. Thoracic, internal, Mammary 
internal-a. Urethro-bulbar, Transverse perineal 
artery - a. Vesico-prostatic, Vesical artery - a. 
Vidian, Pterygoid artery. 
ARTETIS'CUS ; from artue, ' a limb.' One 
who has lost a limb. 
ARTEURYSMA, Aneurism. 
ARTHANI'TA, from aproj, 'bread;' the Cyc' • 
lamen or Sotcbread. It was formerly made into 
ointment, Unguew'tum Arthani'ta, with many 
other substances, and was employed as a purga- 
tive, being rubbed on the abdomen. 
Arthanita Cyclamen, Cyclamen. 
ARTHETICA, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
ART HR AGRA, Gout-a. Anomala, Gout, an- 
omalous- a. Genuina, Gout, regular-a. Legiti- 
ina, Gout, regular-a. Normalis, Gout, regular- 
a. Vera, Gout, regular. 
ARTHRALGIA, Arthrodynia, Gout. See Lead 
rheumatism. 
ARTHRELCO'SIS, from apSpov, 'a joint,' and 
'cXkwihs, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of a joint. 
ARTHREMBOLE'SIS, same etymon as the 
next. The reduction of a fracture or luxation. 
ARTHREM'BOLUS, from apSpov, 'a joint,' 
ev, 'in,' and ffaXXw, 'I cast.' An ancient instru- 
ment used in the reduction of dislocations. 
ANTHRETICA, Teucrium chamsepitys. 
ARTHRIT'IC, Arthrit'icus, from apSpov, 'a 
joint.' (F.) Arthritique, Goutteux. That which 
relates to gout or arthritis, as arthritic symp- 
toms, <fcc. 
ARTHRITICUS VERUS, Gout. 
ARTHRITIF'UGUM; from arthritis, 'gout,' 
and fugare, 'to drive away.* A remedy that 
drives away gout. Heyden terms cold water, 
internally, the arthritif'ugum magnum. 
ARTHRITIS, Gout, Arthrophilogosis, Arthro- 
sia - a. Aberrans, Gout (wandering) - a. Acuta, 
Gout (regular)-a. Arthrodynia, Rheumatism, 
chronic-a. Asthenica, Gout (atonic)-a. Atonic, 
Gout (atonic) - a. Diaphragmatica, Angina Pec- 
toris-a. Erratiea, Gout (wandering)-a. Hydrar- 
thros, Hydrarthrus-a. Inflammatoria, Gout (re- 
gular)-a. Juvenilis, see Rheumatism, acute - a. 
Maxillaris, Siagonagra - a. Nodosa, Gout (with 
nodosities)-a. Planetica, Gout (wandering) - a. 
Podagra, Gout-a. Rheumatica, see Rheumatism, 
acute - a. Rheumatismus, Rheumatism, acute - 
a. Retrograda, Gout (retrograde.) 
ARTHROC'ACE, from apJpov, 'a joint,' and 
KaKui, ' bad.' Disease of the joints; and espe- 
cially caries of the articular surfaces. Spina 
ventosa. 
Arthrocace Coxarum, Coxarum morbus. 
ARTHROCACOLOG"IA, from arthrocacia- 
according to Rust, a chronic disease of the joints; 
106 
ARTICULAR 
and Xoyoj, ' a description.* The doctrine of chro- 
nic diseases of the joints. 
ARTHROCARCINO'MA, from apSpov, 'a 
joint,' and KapKivwpia, 'cancer.' Cancer of the 
joints. 
ARTHROCHONDRI'TIS, from apSpov, 'a 
joint,' ' a cartilage,' and itis, denoting 
inflammation. Inflammation of the cartilages 
and joints. 
ARTHRO'DIA, from apSpov, 'a joint.' Adar- 
ticula'tio. A moveable joint, formed by the head 
of a bone applied to the surface of a shallow 
socket, so that it can execute movements in every 
direction. Arthro'dium is 'a small joint:' dimi- 
nutive of Arthrodia. 
ARTHRODYN'IA, ArthronaVgia, Arthral'- 
gia, from 'articulation,' undoing, 'pain.' 
Articular pain. Pain in the joints. See Rheu- 
matism, chronic. 
Arthrodynia Podagrica, Gout. 
ARTHROL'OGY, Arthrolog"ia, from apSpov, 
' a joint,' and Xoyoj, ' a description.' A descrip- 
tion of the joints. The anatomy of the joints. 
ARTHROM'BOLE, from ap$pov, and /JaXXw, 
' I cast.' Coaptation, reduction. Reduction of 
a luxated or fractured bone. 
ARTHROMENIN GITIS, Meningarthrocace. 
ARTHRON, 'a joint.' The ancients used the 
word Arthron, for the articulation of bones with 
motion, in opposition to Symphysis, or articula- 
tion -without motion. 
ANTHRONALGIA, Arthrodynia. 
ARTIIRON'CUS, Arthrophy'ma; from 
' a joint,' and oyxos, ' a swelling.' Tumefaction 
of a joint. 
ARTHRONEMPYESIS, Arthropyosis. 
ARTHROPHLOGO'SIS, from apSpov, 'ajoint,' 
and 0Xtyw, ' I burn Arthri'tis, Ostarthro'sis. 
Inflammation of the joints. 
ARTHROPHYMA ADENOCHONDRIUM, 
see Adenochondrius. 
ARTHROPYO'SIS, Arthronempye'sis, from 
apSpov, 'a joint,' and m>ov, 'pus.' Suppuration 
or abscess of the joints. 
ARTHRO-RIIEUMATISMUS, Rheumatism 
(acute.) 
ARTHRO'SIA, from apSpou, ' I articulate.' 
Arthritis, (of some.) Inflammation, mostly con- 
fined to the joints; severely painful; occasionally 
extending to the surrounding muscles. A genus 
of diseases in the Nosology of Good, including 
Rheumatism, Gout, Articular inflammation, Joint- 
ache, Ac. 
Arthrosia Acuta, Rheumatism, acute - a. 
Chronica, Rheumatism, chronic-a. Lumborum, 
Lumbago - a. Podagra, Gout-a. Podagra com- 
plicata, Gout (retrograde) - a. Podagra larvata, 
Gout (atonic) - a. Podagra regularis, Gout (re- 
gular.) 
ARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
ARTHROSPON'GUS, from apSpov, 'a joint,* 
and <r7royyof, 'a sponge.' A white, fungous tu- 
mour of the joints. 
ARTHROTRAU'MA, from apSpov, 'a joint,* 
and rpavpa, 'a wound.' A wound of ajoint. 
AR'TiA. According to some, this word is sy- 
nonymous with aprypia; others use it synony- 
mously with Trachea. 
ARTIOHAUT, Cynara scolymus. 
ARTICHOKE, Cynara scolymus. 
ARTICLE, Articulation. 
ARTICOCALUS, Cynara scolymus. 
ARTIC'ULAR, Articula'ris: from artus, 'a 
joint;' articulus, 'a small joint.' That which re- 
lates to the articulations; - as the articular cap- 
sides, Ac. 
Articular Arteries of the Arm, Circum- 
flex arteries of the arm. ARTICULATIO 
Artic'ular Ar'teries of the Knee arise 
from the popliteal artery, and surround the tibio- 
femoral articulation. Although of a small size, 
they are important, as they furnish blood to the 
lower extremity after the operation for popliteal 
aneurism. They are distinguished into superior 
and inferior. The superior articular arteries, 
popliteal articular arteries, are commonly three 
in number; one of which is internal, another ex- 
ternal, and another middle, the az'ygous artic'- 
ular. The first, Ramus anastomot'icus magnus, 
anastomoses by one branch with the external cir- 
cumflex ; and by another with the external supe- 
rior articular. The second anastomoses with the 
external circumflex, the superior internal arti- 
cular, and the inferior external articular; and 
the third is distributed within the joint. The in- 
ferior articular arteries are two in number: an 
internal and external. The former anastomoses 
with the internal superior articular and the ex- 
ternal inferior articular. The latter anastomoses 
with the recurrent branch of the anterior tibial, 
and the external superior articular. To each 
articular artery there is an articular nerve. 
Artic'ular Facettes' are the contiguous 
surfaces, by means of which the bones are arti- 
culated. 
Articular Processes, see Vertebras. 
Artic'ular Veins of the knee follow the 
same course as the arteries. 
ARTICULATIO, Articulation-a. Artificialis, 
Pseudarthrosis-a. Notha, Pseudarthrosis. 
ARTICULA'TION, Joint, Articula'tio, Ar- 
thro'sis, Assarthro'sis, Artic'ulus, Junctu'ra, Cola, 
Oonjunc'tio, Nodus, Commissu'ra, Oompa'ges, 
Syntax'is, Har'mus, Vertic'ula, Vertic'ulus, Ver- 
tic'ulum, (F.) Articulation, Article. Same ety- 
mon. The union of bones with each other, as 
well as the kind of union. 
TABLE OF ARTICULATIONS. 
Articulations are generally divided into Diar- 
throses or moveable articulations, and Synar- 
throses or immoveable. 
107 
ARYTMNA 
Artificial, Eyes are usually made of enamel, 
and represent a sort of hollow hemisphere, which 
is applied beneath the eyelids, when the eye is 
lost. 
Artificial Teeth are made of ivory, porce- 
lain, Ac. 
PIECES D'ANA TO MIE AR TIFICIELL ES, 
are preparations of anatomy, modelled in wax, 
plaster, paper, Ac. 
ARTISCOCCUS LJEVIS, Cynara seolymus. 
ARTIS'CUS, from afros, 'bread.' See Tro- 
chiscus. A troch of the shape of a small loaf. 
Also, and especially, a troch made of vipers. 
ARTOCAR'PUS. The Bread-fruit Tree, (F.) 
Jaquier. A Polynesian tree, so called because 
the fruit, which is milky, and juicy, supplies the 
place of bread to the inhabitants. It grows to 
the height of 40 feet. 
Artocarpus Integrtfolia, Caoutchouc. 
ARTOC'REAS, from afros, 'bread,' and Kftas, 
' flesh.' A kind of nourishing food made of va- 
rious aliments boiled together.-Galen. 
ARTOG'ALA, from afros, 'bread,' and yaXa, 
'milk.' An alimentary preparation of bread and 
milk. A poultice. 
ARTOM'ELI, from afros, 'bread,' and pcX<, 
'honey.' A cataplasm of bread and honey.- 
Galen. 
ARTUS, Membrum. 
ARTYMA, Aroma, Condiment. 
ARUM, A. maeulatum, and A. triphyllum-a. 
Americanum betas foliis, Dracontium foetidum. 
Arum Dracun'culus, Dracun'culus polypkyl'- 
lus, Colubri'na Dracon'tia, Erva de Sancta Ma- 
ria, Gig'arus serpenta'ria, Arum polyphyl'lum, 
Serpenta'ria Gallo'rum. Family, Aroidese. Sex. 
Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. The roots and leaves 
are very acrimonious. The plant resembles the 
A. macula'tum in its properties. 
Arum Esculen'tum, esculen'tum, 
Taro, Kalo. The foliage and roots possess acrid 
qualities, which are dissipated by baking or boil- 
ing ; in which form it is used as food by the 
people of Madeira, the Polynesians, Ac. 
Arum Macula'tum, Aron, Arum (of the older 
writers), A. vulga're, Cucltow Pint, Barba Aaro'- 
nis, Serpenta'ria minor, Zin'giber German'icum, 
Sacerdo'tie penis, Wake Robin, Priest's pintle, (F.) 
Gouet, Pied de Veau. The fresh root is stimu- 
lant internally. Dose, of the dried root. 
Externally, it is very acrid. From the root of 
this Arum a starch is prepared, which is called 
Portland Island Sago, Gerea serpenta' rice, Cerus'- 
sa serpenta'rice, Fec'ula ari macula'ti. 
Arum, Three-Leaved, Arum triphyllum. 
Arum, Triphyl'lum, Three-leaved arum, (F.) 
Pied de Veau triphylle, Indian Turnip, Dragon 
Root, Dragon Turnip, Pepper Turnip. This 
plant grows all over the United States, and is 
received into the Pharmacopoeia under the title 
Arum. The recent root, or Cormus-Arum, (Ph. 
U. S.)-is very acrimonious, and has been em- 
ployed in asthma, croup, and hooping-cough. 
Boiled in lard, it has been used in tinea capitis, 
and in milk in consumption. 
Arum Virginicum, Peltandra Virginica - a. 
Vulgare, A. maeulatum. 
ARUMARI, Caramata. 
ARUNDO BAMBOS, Bamboo - a. Brachii 
major, Ulna - a. Brachii minor, Radius - a. In- 
dica, Sagittarium alexipharmacum - a. Major, 
Tibia - a. Minor, Fibula - a. Saccharifera, see 
Saccharum. 
ARVA, Ava. 
ARVUM, Vulva-a. Naturae, Uterus. 
A RY-ARYTENOIDA3US, Arytenoidaeus-a. 
Epiglotticus, Arytaeno-epiglotticus. 
ARYTAS'NA, apuraiva, * a ladle.' Hence, 
1. Amphiarthrosis. 
Diarthroses. 
2. Diarthrosis, orbicu- 
lar vague. 
3. Alternative or Ginglymus, which 
admits of varieties. 
Enarthrosis. 
Arthrodia. 
Synarthroses. 
1. Suture. 
2. Harmony. 
3. Goinphosis. 
4. Schindylesis. 
The articulations are subject to a number of 
diseases, which are generally somewhat severe. 
These may be physical, as wounds, sprains, luxa- 
tions, Ac.; or they may be organic, as ankylosis, 
extraneous bodies, caries, rheumatism, gout, hy- 
drarthroses, arthropyosis, Ac. 
Articulation means also the combination of 
letters which constitute words. See Voice. 
Articulation, False, Pgeudarthro'aig, Artic'- 
itliig faltus, (F.) A. fausse, A. accidentelle, A. 
centre nature, A. anormale. A false joint, formed 
between fragments of bone, that have remained 
ununited; or between a luxated bone and the 
surrounding parts. 
ARTICULATION EN CH ARNIE RE, Gin- 
glymus-a. de la Hanche, Coxo-femoral articula- 
tion. 
ARTICULI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalan- 
ges of the fingers-a. Digitorum pedis, Phalanges 
of the toes. 
ARTICULO MORTIS, see Psychorages - a. 
Spinalis, Semispinalis colli. 
ARTIFICIAL, Artificia'lis, (F.) Artificial; 
from arg, artis, 'art,' and facere, 'to make/ That 
which is formed by art. ARYT2EN0-EPIGL0TTICUS 
ARYTJE'NO-EPIGLOT'TICUS, Arytee'no- 
epiglottidoe'us, Ary-epiglot'ticus. That which be- 
longs to the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis. 
Winslow gives this name to small, fleshy fasci- 
culi, which are attached, at one extremity, to the 
arytenoid cartilages, and, by the other, to the free 
edge of the epiglottis. These fibres do not al- 
ways exist. They form part of the arytenoid 
muscle of modern anatomists. 
AR'YTENOID, Arytaenoi'des, Arytenoida'us, 
from apuraiva, 'a ladle,' and ciios, 'shape.' Ladle- 
shaped. 
Arytenoid Car'tilages, Cartilag"ines aryte- 
noi'des, C. guttura'les, C. Gutturi'na, C. gutturi- 
for'mes. C. triq'uetroe, Guttur'nia, are two carti- 
lages of the larynx, situate posteriorly above the 
cricoid, which, by approximation, diminish the 
aperture of the glottis. Their upper extremi- 
ties or cornua are turned towards each other, 
and are now and then found loose, in the form of 
appendices, which are considered, by some, as 
distinct cartilages, and termed cuneiform or tu- 
berculated Cartilages or Cornic'ula Laryn'gis. 
Arytenoid Glands, Gland'ulee Arytenoidcb'cb, 
are small, glandular, whitish bodies, situate an- 
terior to the A. cartilages. They pour out a mu- 
cous fluid to lubricate the larynx. 
ARYTENOID AYUS, (F.) Aryteno'idien. A 
small muscle, which passes from one arytenoid 
cartilage to the other, by its contraction brings 
them together, and diminishes the aperture of 
the glottis. Winslow divided the muscle into 
three portions; - the Arytenoida'us transver'sue, 
or Ary-arytenoida'us, and two Arytenoida'i ob- 
li'qui. 
ARYTH'M, Aryth'mus, from a, privative, and 
pvflpoj, ' rhythm,' ' measure.' Irregular. This 
word is applied chiefly to the pulse. 
ASA, Asafoetida. See Assa. 
ASAFCE'TIDA, Assafoe'tida, Assafet'ida, Ster- 
cus diab'oli, Cibus Deo'rum, Asa, Devil's dung, 
Food of the Gods. A gum-resin - the concrete 
juice of Fer'ula Assafoe'tida, Narthex Assafoe'- 
tida. Order, Umbelliferae. It is in small masses 
of a whitish, reddish, and violet hue, adhering 
together. Taste bitter and subacrid: smell in- 
supportably alliaceous. The Asiatics use it re- 
gularly as a condiment. 
Its medical properties are antispasmodic, sti- 
mulant, and anthelmintic. Dose, gr. v to xx, in 
pill. 
ASAGRJEA OFFICINALIS, see Veratrina. 
AS'APES, ' crude,' Asep'ton. A term applied 
to the sputa, or to other matters evacuated, which 
do not give signs of coction. 
ASAPH'ATUM, from a, privative, and <ra<f>ris, 
'clear.' This term has been applied to collec- 
tions in the sebaceous follicles of the skin, which 
may be pressed out like little worms, with a black 
head. See Acne. 
ASAPHI'A, from a, privative, and <ra<pris, 
' clear.* Dyspho'nia immodula'ta palati'na, Pa- 
rapho'nia guttura'lis; P. palati'na. Defective 
articulation, dependent upon diseased palate.- 
Hippocrates, Vogel. 
ASARABACCA, Asarum - a. Broad-leaved, 
Asarum Canadense. 
ASAR'CON, from a, privative, and <rapf, 'flesh.' 
Devoid of flesh. Aristotle uses the term for the 
head when it is but little fleshy, compared with 
the chest and abdomen. 
ASARET, Asarum - a. du Canada, Asarum 
Canadense. 
ASARI'TES, from aaapov, 'the asarum.* A 
diuretic wine, of which asarum was an ingredient. 
-Dioscorides. 
AS'ARUM, from a, privative, and aatpeiv, 'to 
adorn:' because not admitted into the ancient 
108 
ASCIA 
- 
coronal wreaths; As'arum Europce'um, A. ojfici- 
na'le, Nardus Monta' na, Nardus Rust'ica, Az'- 
arum, (F.) Asaret ou Cabaret, Oreille d'homme, 
Oreillette, Girard-Roussin, Nard Sauvage. Fam. 
Aroideae. Sex. Sysi. Dodecandria Monogynia. 
The plant, used in medicine, is the As'arum Eu- 
ropcFum, Asarabac'ca, and of this the leaves. 
They are emetic,, cathartic, and errhine, but are 
hardly ever employed, except for the last purpose. 
Asarum Canaden'sE, A. Carolinia'num, Ca- 
nada Snakeroot, Wild Ginger, Colt's Foot, Broad- 
leaf Asarabacca, Indian Ginger, Heart Snake- 
root, (F.) Asaret du Canada. The root As'arum, 
(Ph. U. S.) is used as a substitute for ginger, and 
is said to act as a warm stimulant and dia- 
phoretic. 
Asarum Carolinianum, A. Canadense - a. 
Europaeum, see Asarum - a. Hypocistis, Cytinus 
hypocistis-a. Officinale, see Asarum. 
ASBESTOS SCALL, see Eczema of the hairy 
scalp. 
ASCAIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ascain 
is a village, situate about a league from St. Jean- 
de-Luz, in France. The water is a cold chaly- 
beate. 
ASGARDAMYC'TES, from a, privative, and 
aKaobayvTTin, 'I twinkle the eyes.' One who stares 
with fixed eyes, without moving the eyelids.- 
Hippocrates. 
ASCARICIDA ANTHELMINTICA, Verno- 
nia anthelmintica. 
ASCARIDE L OMBRICOIDE, Ascaris lum- 
bricoides-a. Vermiculaire, Ascaris vermicularis. 
AS'CARIS, pl. ASCAR'IDES, from 
1 I leap.' A genus of intestinal worms, charac- 
terized by a long, cylindrical body, extenuated 
at the extremities ; and having a mouth furnished 
with three tubercles, from which a very short 
tube is sometimes seen issuing. Formerly, there 
were reckoned two varieties of the Ascaris-the 
As'caris lumbricoV des, Lumbri'cus, L. teres hom'- 
inis, Scolex, As'caris gigas horn'inis, (F.) Lombri- 
co'ide, Ascaride lombrico'ide, Lombric, L. Teres, 
or long round worm; and the As'caris Vermicu- 
la'ris-the Ascaris proper-the thread worm or 
maw worm. The former is alone included under 
the genus, at present-a new genus having been 
formed of the A. vermicularis, under the name 
Oxyuris. It is the Oxyu'ris vermicula'ris, (F.) 
Ascaride, A. vermiculaire, Oxyure vermiculaire. 
A new species of entozoa has been found by 
Dr. Bellingham, the As'caris ala'ta. 
Ascaris Alata, see Ascaris - a. Gigas ho- 
minis, see Ascaris-a. Lumbricoides, see Ascaris 
-a. Trichuria, Trichocephalus-a. Vermicularis, 
see Ascaris. 
AS'CELES, As'keles, Carens cru'ribus, from a, 
privative, and axcXos, 'a leg.' One who has no legs. 
ASCELLA, Axilla. 
ASCEN'DENS, from ascendere, (ad and scan- 
dere,) 'to ascend.' (F.) Ascendant. Parts are 
thus called, which are supposed to arise in a re- 
gion lower than that where they terminate. 
Thus, Aorta ascendens is the aorta from its ori- 
gin to the arch : Vena cava ascendens, the large 
vein which carries the blood from the inferior 
parts to the heart: Obliquus ascendens (muscle,) 
the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen, <fcc. 
ASCEN'SUS MORBI. The period of increase 
of a disease. 
ASCESIS, Exercise. 
ASCHIL, Scilla. 
ASCHISTODAC'TYLUS, Syndac'tylus : from 
a, privative, oyujroj, 'cleft;' and baKrvXos, 'a 
finger.' A monster whose fingers are not sepa- 
rated from one another.-Gurlt. 
AS'CIA, Axine, 'an axe,' Scepar'nos, Dol'abra, 
Fas'cia spira'lis. Name of a bandage mentioned ASCILLA 
by Hippocrates and Galen, and figured by Scul- 
tetus, in the shape of an axe or hatchet.-Galen. 
See Doloire. 
ASCILLA, Axilla. 
ASCI'TES, from ao-irof, 'a bottle:' - Aski'tes, 
Hydroce'le Peritonoe'i, Hydrops Abdom'inis, H. 
Ascites, Hydrogas'ter, Hydroperitone' um, Hydro- 
coe'lia, Hydre'trum, Ascii'tes, Ooelioch'ysis, Dropsy 
of the lower belly, Dropsy of the Peritone'um, (F.) 
A»ci7e, Hydro-piritonie, Hydropisie du Bas-ventre. 
A collection of serous fluid in the abdomen. As- 
cites proper is dropsy of the peritoneum; and is 
characterized by increased size of the abdomen, 
by fluctuation and the general signs of dropsy. 
It is rarely a primary disease; but is always 
dangerous, and but little susceptible of cure. 
Most generally, it is owing to obstructed circu- 
lation in some of the viscera, or to excitement of 
the vessels of the abdominal organs. The treat- 
ment is essentially the same as that of other drop- 
sies. Paracentesis, when had recourse to, can 
only be regarded as a palliative. 
Dropsy of the peritoneum may also be saccated 
or in cysts, and occasionally the fluid accumulates 
exterior to the peritoneum, Hydrepigas'trium. 
When in cysts it is termed Hydrocys'tis, Hydrops 
abdom'inis sacca'tus, H. cys'ticus and Asci'tes 
sacca'tus. 
Ascites Hepato-Cysticus, Turgescentia vesi- 
culae felleae-a. Ovarii, Hydrops ovarii-a. Puru- 
lentus, Pyocoelia-a. Saccatus, see Ascites, Hy- 
droarion, and Hydrops ovarii. 
ASCLEPI'ADJE, Asclepi'ades; from 
' jEsculapius.' The priest physicians, who served 
in the ancient temples of Aesculapius, and who 
took their name from being his descendants. 
ASCLEPIADE, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
ASCLEPIAS ALBA, A. vincetoxicum - a. 
Apocynum, A. Syriaca. 
Ascle'pias Asthmat'ica, Cy nan' chum Ipecacu- 
nn'ha, (F.) Ipecacuanha blanc de I'He de France. 
A creeping plant of the Isle of France, regarded 
as a specific in asthma. 
Asclepias Crispa, Gomphocarpus crispus. 
Asclepias Curassav'ica, Bastard Ipecacu- 
anha, Bedhead, Bloodweed. The leaves are 
emetic in the dose of one or two scruples. It 
is the Ipecacuanha blanc of St. Domingo. 
Asclepias Decum'bens; the root. Escharotic, 
cathartic, sudorific, diuretic. 
Asclepias, Flesh-coloured, A. Incarnata. 
Asclepias Gigante'a. The milky juice is 
very caustic. It is used in Malabar against 
herpes; and, mixed with oil, in gout. See 
Mudar. 
Ascle'pias Incarna'ta, Flesh-coloured ascle- 
pias. The root of this plant, which grows in all 
parts of the United States, has the same virtues 
as A. Syriaca. 
Asclepias Obovata, A. Syriaca. 
Asclepias Proc"era (?) Beidelossar ; Bei- 
delsar. An Egyptian plant, the leaves of which 
are made into a plaster, and applied to indolent 
tumours. The milky juice is caustic, and is used 
as such. 
Asclepias Pseudosarsa, Hemidesmus In- 
dicus-a. Pubescens, A. Syriaca. 
Asclepias Syriaca, A. pubes'cens, A. apoc"y- 
num, A. obova'ta seu tomento'sa, Common Silk- 
steed, Milk IPeerf, (F.) Herbe <i la houette. The 
cortical part of the root has been given, in pow- 
der, in asthmatic and pulmonic affections in ge- 
neral, and, it is said, with success. 
Ascle'pias Sullivan'tii, Smooth Milkweed, 
Silkweed: indigenous, possesses the same virtues 
as the next. 
Asclepias Tomentosa, A. Syriaca. 
Ascle'pias Tubero'sa, Butterfly Weed, Pleu- 
109 
ASPEN 
risy Root, Flux Root, Wind Root, White Root, 
Orange Swallow Root, Silk Weed, Canada Root, 
Orange Apoc"ynum, Tuberous Rooted Swal'low 
Wort. Nat. Ord. Asclepiadese. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Digynia. Said to have been first recom- 
mended by the Asclepiades. In Virginia and the 
Carolinas, the root of this plant has been long 
celebrated as a remedy in pneumonic affections. 
It is sudorific, and the powder acts as a mild 
purgative. Its chief powers are said to be expec- 
torant, diaphoretic, and febrifuge. It is occa- 
sionally given to relieve pains of the stomach 
from flatulency and indigestion. 
Asclepias Vincetox'icum, A. Alba, Cynan'~ 
chum Vincetox'icum, Vincetox'icum, V. Officina'le, 
Hirundina'ria, Apoc"ynum Nover An'glice hirsu- 
tum, &c., Swallow- Wort, White Swallow- Wort, 
(F.) Asclepiade, Dompte-venin. 
The root is said to be stimulant, diuretic, and 
emmenagogue, but is hardly ever used. 
ASCLEPIASMUS, Hasmorrhois. 
ASCLITES, Ascites. 
ASCO'MA, from aaxos, 'a bottle.' The emi- 
nence of the pubes at the period of puberty in 
females.-Rufus of Ephesus. 
ASE, Anxiety. 
ASELLI, Onisci aselli. 
ASELLUS, Oniscus. 
ASE'MA CRISIS, Kpiais ace pa, from a, priva- 
tive, and aipa, 'a sign.' A crisis occurring unex- 
pectedly and without the ordinary precursory signs. 
ASEPTON, Asapes. 
ASH, BITTER, Quassia - a. Blue, Fraxinus 
quadrangulata - a. Mountain, Sorbus acuparia 
-a. Prickly, Aralia spinosa, Xanthoxylum clava 
Herculis - a. Prickly, shrubby, Xanthoxylum 
fraxineum - a. Stinking, Ptelea trifoliata - a. 
Tree, Fraxinus excelsior-a. White, Fraxinus 
Americana. 
ASIT"IA, from a, privative, and airof, 'food.' 
Abstinence from food. Want of appetite,-Fas- 
tid'ium cibo'rum, Apoclei'sis. 
ASIUS LAPIS, Assius Lapis. 
ASJAGAN, As'jogam. An Indian tree, the 
juice of whose leaves, mixed with powdered 
cumin seeds, is employed in India in colic. 
ASJOGAM, Asjagan. 
ASKELES, Asceles. 
ASKITES, Ascites. 
ASO'DES, Asso'des, from acq, 'disgust,' 'sati- 
ety.' A fever accompanied with anxiety and 
nausea; Fe'bris aso'des vel azo'des. 
ASPALASO'MUS, from 'amole,' and 
aupa, 'body.' A genus of monsters in which 
there is imperfect development of the eyes.- 
I. G. St. Hilaire. Also, a malformation, in which 
the fissure and eventration extend chiefly upon 
the lower part of the abdomen; the urinary ap- 
paratus, genitals and rectum opening externally 
by three distinct orifices.-Vogel. 
ASPALTUM, Asphaltum. 
ASPARAGINE, see Asparagus. 
ASPAR'AGUS, Aspar'agus officina'lis, Com- 
mon Asparagus, Spar'agus, Sper'ague, Sparrow 
Grass, Grass. Nat. Ord. Asphodelese. Sex. Syst. 
Hexandria Monogynia. Aspar'agi officina'lis Tu- 
rio'nes, (F.) Asperge. The fresh roots are diu- 
retic, perhaps owing to the immediate crystal- 
lizable principle, Asparagine. The young shoots 
are a well known and esteemed vegetable diet. 
They communicate a peculiar odour to the urine. 
A syrup made of the young shoots and an extract 
of the roots has been recommended as a sedative 
in heart affections. 
ASPA'SIA. A ball of wood soaked in an in- 
fusion of galls, and used by females for constring- 
ing the vagina. 
ASPEN, AMERICAN, Populus tremuleidei 
-a. European, Populus tremula. ASPERA ARTERIA 
ASPERA ARTERIA, Trachea. 
ASPERGE, Asparagus. 
ASPERITAS ARTERIA ASPERJE, Rau- 
cedo. K 
ASP E RITE DES PAUPIERES, Trachoma. 
ASPER'ITY, Asper'itas, roughness. Asperi- 
ties are inequalities on the surfaces of bones, 
which often serve for the insertion of fibrous 
organs. 
ASPERMATIA, Aspermatismus. 
ASPERMATIS'MUS, Asper'mia, Asperma'tia, 
from a, privative, and aircpya, 'sperm.' Reflux 
of sperm from the urethra into the bladder, dur- 
ing the venereal orgasm. 
ASPERMIA, Aspermatismus. 
ASPERSIO, Catapasma, Fomentation. 
ASPER'SION, Asper'sio, from aspergere (ad 
and spargere,) ' to sprinkle,' (F.) Arrosement. 
Act of sprinkling or pouring a liquid guttatim 
over a wound, ulcer, &c. 
ASPERULA, Galium aparine. 
Asper'ula Odora'ta, Ga'lium odor a'turn, Ma- 
trisyl'va, Hepat'ica stella'ta, (F.) Asptrule odo- 
rante ou Muguet des bois, Hipatique ttoilte. Fam. 
Rubiacese. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. 
Sweet-scented Wood-roof. Said to be diuretic, 
deobstruent, tonic, and vulnerary. 
ASPERULE ODORANTE, Asperula odo- 
rata. 
ASPHALTI'TES, Nephri'tes, Nephri'tis, Pri- 
ma Vertebra lumba'ria, same etymon as asphal- 
tum. A name given by some to the last lumbar 
vertebra.-Gorraeus. 
ASPHAL'TUM, Nep'ta, ArsaTtos, Asphal'tum, 
from a<r<paXi$eiv, 'to strengthen.' With the Greeks, 
this word signified any kind of bitumen. It is 
now restricted chiefly to the Bittt'men of Ju- 
DjE'a, B.Juda'icum, A. sol'idum, Jews' Pitch, Ka- 
rabe of Sodom, (F.) Asphalte. It is solid, friable, 
vitreous, black, shining, inflammable, and of a 
fetid smell. An oil is obtained from it by distil- 
lation. It enters into the composition of certain 
ointments and plasters. 
It is collected on the surface of the water of 
the Dead Sea or Lake Asphaltites, in Judaea. 
ASPIIARINE, Galium aparine. 
ASPHOD'ELUS, A. Ramo'sus, A. Albus, A. Ma- 
ris, Has'tula Regis, (F.) Lis asphodele. The bulbs 
of this southern European plant have an acrimony 
which they lose in boiling water. They contain 
a fecula with which bread has been made, and 
have been considered diuretic. They have been 
used as a succedaneum for the squill. 
ASPHYX'IA, from a, priv., and 'pulse,' 
Defee'tus Pulsds, Acrotis'mus, Sidera'tio, Sydera'- 
tio. For a long time, Asphyxia was confined to 
the sense of ' suspension of circulation or Syn- 
cope.' It now generally means suspended ani- 
mation, produced by the nonconversion of the 
venous blood of the lungs into arterial Ap- 
nce'a, Apneus'tia, Apnoeasphyx'ia, Anhcemato'- 
sia, Ec'lysis pneumo-cardi'aca. Owing to the 
supply of air being cut off, the unchanged venous 
blood of the pulmonary artery passes into the 
minute radicles of the pulmonary veins, but their 
peculiar excitability requiring arterial blood to 
excite them, stagnation takes place in the pul- 
monary radicles, and death occurs chiefly from 
this cause,-not owing to venous blood being 
distributed through the system, and ' poisoning' 
it, as was the idea of Bichat. Oarvs asphyx'ia, 
Mors appa'rens, Mors putati'va, Pseudothan'atos, 
Apparent death, (F.) Mort apparente, is charac- 
terized by suspension of respiration, of the cere- 
bral functions, <fcc. Several varieties of Asphyxia 
have been designated. 
I. Asphyx'ia of the New-Born, A. neonato'- 
rum. This is often dependent v.jon the feeble 
110 
ASPLENIUM 
- 
condition of the infant, not permitting respiration 
to be established. 
2. Asphy'ia by Noxious Inhala'tion or in- 
halation of gases, some of which cause death by 
producing a spasmodic closure of the glottis: 
others by the want of oxygen, and others are 
positively deleterious or poisonous. 
3. Asphyx'ia by Strangula'tion or Suffoca'- 
tian; produced by mechanical impediment to 
respiration, as in strangulation. 
4. Asphyx'ia by Submer'sion, A. by drown- 
ing, A. Immerso'rum, as occurs in the drowned, 
who perish in consequence of the medium in 
which they are plunged, being unfit for respira- 
tion. See Submersion. 
Mr. Chevalier has used the term Asphyx'ia 
Idiopath'ica, for fatal syncope owing to relaxa- 
tion of the heart. See Suffocation. 
Asphyx'ia Immersorum, A. by submersion- 
a. Local:-see Gangrene-a. Neonatorum, A. of 
the new-born - a. Pestilenta : - see Cholera-a. 
Pestilential:-see Cholera. 
ASPHYX'IAL. Relating to asphyxia-as 'as- 
phyxial phenomena.' 
ASPHYXIE DES PARTIES, Gangrene- 
a. Lente dee nouveau-nis, Induration of the cel- 
lular tissue. 
ASPIIYX'IED, Asphyxiated, same etymon. 
In a state of asphyxia. 
ASPIC, Aspis; also, Lavendula. 
ASPIDISCOS, Sphincter ani externus. 
ASPID'IUM ATHAMAN'TICUM. A South 
African fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, which is pos- 
sessed of anthelmintic properties. Its caudex, in 
the form of powder, infusion, or electuary, has 
been found excellent in helminthiasis, and espe- 
cially in tapeworm. 
Aspidium Coriaceum, Calagualae radix-a. 
Depastum, Polypodium filix mas-a. Discolor, see 
Calagualae radix - a. Erosum, Polypodium filix 
mas-a. Filix feemina, Asplenium filix foemina- 
a. Ferrugineum, see Calagualae radix - a. Filix 
mas, Polypodium filix mas. 
ASPIRATIO, Inspiration. 
ASPIRA'TION, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from 
aspirare (ad and spirare) 'to breathe.' The 
French sometimes use the term synonymously 
with inspiration. It also means the act of at- 
tracting or sucking like a pump. Imbibition. 
Also, the pronunciation of a vowel with a full 
breath. 
ASPIS, aairis. A name given by the ancients 
to a venomous serpent-the viper of 
Lacdpede, (F.) Aspic. Its bite is very dangerous, 
and it is supposed to have been the reptile which 
Cleopatra used for her destruction. 
ASPLE'NIUM, from a, priv., and crXiyv, 'the 
spleen.' Spleenwort, Miltwaste. 
Asplenium Aureum, A. ceterach. 
Asple'nium Cet'erach, A. au'reum seu lati- 
fo'lium, Gymnogram'me ceterach, Doradil'la, 
Blechnum squamo'sum, Scolopen'dria, Athyr'ion, 
Cet'erach ojficina'rum seu canarien'sis, Grammi'- 
tes cet'erach seu au'rea, Gynop'teris ceterach, Vit- 
ta'ria ceterach, (F.) Doradille. Supposed to be 
subastringent and mucilaginous, and has been 
recommended as a pectoral. It has also been 
given in calculous cases. 
Asple'nium Filix Fce'mina, Polypo'dium filix 
feemina, P. molle seu denta'tum seu inct'sum seu 
trif'idum, Aspidiumfilix foemina, Athyr'ium filix 
feemina seu molle seu ova'turn seu trif'idum, Pte- 
ris palus'tris, Female fern, Spleenwort, (F.) Fou- 
g&re femelie. The root of this plant resembles 
that of the male fern, and is said to possess simi- 
lar anthelmintic virtues. The name female fern 
is also given to P ter is aqwilina. ASPREDO 
Asplenium Latifolium, A. ceterach-a. Mu- 
rale, A. ruta-a. Obtusum, A. ruta muraria. 
Asple'nium Ruta Muba'ria, A. mura'le sen 
obtu'sum, Paronych'ia, Phylli'tis ruta mura'ria, 
Scolopen'drium ruta mura'ria, Wallrue, White 
Maidenhair, Tentwort, Adian'tum album, Ruta 
mura'ria, Sal'via Vita, (F.) Rue des murailles, 
Sauve-vie. Used in the same cases as the last. 
Asple'nium Scolopen'drium, Scolopendrium 
officina'rum seu lingua seu phylli'tis seu vulga'- 
re, Scolopen'dra, Scolopen'dria, Hart's Tongue, 
Spleenwort, Phylli'tis, Lingua cervi'na Blechnum 
lignifo'lium, (F.) Scolopendre, Langue de cerf. 
Properties like the last. 
Asple'nium Trichomanoi'des, A. Trichom'- 
anes, Phylli'tis rotundifo'lia, Calyphyl'lum, Tri- 
chom'anes, T. crena'ta, Adian'tum rubrum, Com- 
mon Maidenhair, Polyt'richum commu'ne, (F.) 
Polytric. Properties like the last. 
ASPREDO, Trachoma-a. Miliacea, Miliary 
fever. 
ASPRELE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
ASSACOU, Hura Brasilieusis. 
ANNA DOUX, Benjamin-a. Dulcis, Benja- 
min-a. Odorata, Benjamin. 
ASSABA. A Guinea shrub, whose leaves are 
considered capable of dispersing buboes. 
ASSAFETIDA, Asafoetida. 
ASSAFCETIDA, Asafcetida. 
ASSAIERET. A compound of bitter, stoma- 
chic, and purgative medicines in the form of pill. 
-Avicenna. 
ASSA1S0NNEMENT, Condiment. 
ASSAKUR, Saccharum. 
ASSALA, see Myristica moschata. 
ASSARTHROSIS, Articulation. 
ASSA'TIO, Opte'sis The boiling of food or 
medicines in their own juice, without the addi- 
tion of any liquid. Various kinds of cooking by 
heat.-Galen. 
ASSELLA, Axilla. 
AS'SERAC, Assis. A preparation of opium 
or of some narcotic, used by the Turks as an ex- 
citant. 
ASSERCULUM, Splint. 
ASSERVATION, Conservation. 
ASSES' MILK, see Milk, asses. 
Asses' Milk, Artificial, see Milk, asses. 
AS'SIDENS, from ad, 'to,' and sedere, 'to be 
•eated.' That which accompanies or is concomi- 
ant. An epithet applied to the accessory symp- 
toms, Assiden'tia signa, and general phenomena 
of disease. 
ASSIDENTIA SIGNA, see Assidens. 
ASSIMILA'TION, Assimila'tio, Simila'tio, 
Appropria'tio, Exomoio'sis, Homoio'sis, Threpsis, 
Threp'tice : from assimilare, (ad, and similare,) 
'to render similar.' The act by which living 
bodies appropriate and transform into their own 
substance matters with which they may be placed 
in contact. 
ASSIS, Asserac. 
AS'SIUS LAPIS, A'sius Lapis. A sort of 
stone or earth found near the town of Assa in 
the Troad, which had the property of destroying 
proud flesh. 
ASSODES, Asodes. 
ASSO UPISSEMENT, Somnolency. 
ASSOURON, see Myrcus Pimenta. 
ASSUETUDO, Habit. 
ASSULA, Splint 
ASSULTUS, Attack. 
ASSUMPTIO, Prehension. 
ASTACI FLUVIATILIS CONCREMENTA, 
Cancrorum chelae. 
ASTACUS FLUVIATILIS, Crab. 
ASTAKILLOS, Araneum ulcus. 
ASTARZOF. An ointment, composed of li- 
111 
ASTHMA 
tharge, frog's spawn, 4c. Also, camphor, dis- 
solved in rose water.-Paracelsus. 
ASTASIA, Dysphoria. 
ASTER ATTICUS, Bubonium. 
Aster Cordifolius, Heart-leaved Alter, A. 
Puniceus, Hough-stemmed Aster, and other indi- 
genous species, Order Composites, possess aro- 
matic properties. 
Aster Dysentericus, Inula dysenterica - a. 
Heart-leaved, A. cordifolius - a. Helenium, Inula 
Helenium - a. Inguinalis, Eryngium campestre 
- a. Officinalis, Inula helenium. 
Aster, Rough-Stemmed, A. Puniceus - a. 
Undulatus, Inula dysenterica. 
ASTE'RIA GEMMA, Aste'rius, Astroi'tes, As'- 
trios, Astrob'olus. The ancients attributed ima- 
ginary virtues to this stone, - that of dispersing 
Ncevi Materni, for example. 
ASTERIAS LUTEA, Gentiana lutea. 
ASTEROCEPHALUS SUCCISA, Scabiosa 
succisa. 
ASTHENES, Infirm. 
ASTHENI'A, Vis imminu'ta, from a, priv., 
and 'force,' 'strength.' Want of strength, 
debility. (F.) Affaiblissement. Infirmity. A 
word used in this sense by Galen, and employed, 
especially by Brown, to designate debility of the 
whole economy, or diminution of the vital forces. 
He distinguished it into direct and indirect: the 
former proceeding from diminution of stimuli; 
the latter from exhaustion of incitability by the 
abuse of stimuli. 
Asthenia Deglutitionis, Pharyngoplegia-a. 
Pectoralis, Angina Pectoris. 
ASTHENICOPYRA, Fever, adynamic. 
ASTHENICOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
ASTHENO'PIA, Debil'itas visits, (F.) Affai- 
blissement de la Vue, from a, priv., adivof, 
'strength,' and wtp, 'the eye.' Weakness of 
sight; Weak-sightedness. 
ASTHENOPYRA, Fever, adynamic, Typhus. 
ASTHENOPYRETUS, Fever, adynamic. 
ASTHMA, from aaOpa, 'laborious breathing;' 
from au>, ' I respire.' A. spas'ticum adulto'rum, 
A. Senio'rum, A. Convulsi'vum, A. spas'ticum in- 
termit'tens, Dyspnoe'a et orthopnoe'a conw.lsi'va, 
Malum Cadu'cum pulmo'num, Broken-windedness, 
Nervous asthma, (F.) Asthme, A. nerveux. Diffi- 
culty of breathing, recurring at intervals, accom- 
panied with a wheezing sound and sense of con- 
striction in the chest; cough and expectoration. 
Asthma is a chronic disease, and not curable 
with facility. Excitant and narcotic antispas- 
modics are required. 
There are no pathognomonic physical signs of 
asthma. In some cases, the respiration is uni- 
versally puerile during the attack. In the spas- 
modic form, the respiratory murmur is very feeble 
or absent during the fit; and in all forms percus- 
sion elicits a clear pulmonary sound. The disease 
generally consists in some source of irritation, and 
occasionally, perhaps, in paralysis of the pneu- 
mogastrie nerves, Bronchoparaly'sis, Paraly'sis 
nervi vagi in parte thorac"iea, more frequently 
of the former - all the phenomena indicating 
constriction of the smaller bronchial ramifica- 
tions. The treatment is one that relieves spas- 
modic action-narcotics, counter-irritants, change 
of air, 4 c. 
Asthma Acu'tum, of Millar, A. spas'ticum in- 
fan'turn, Oynan'che Trachea'lis spasmod'ica, (F.) 
Asthme aigu. Probably, spasmodic croup. (?) 
See Asthma Thymicum. 
Asthma Aerium, Pneumothorax - a. Aeriutn 
ab Emphysemate Pulmonum, Emphysema of the 
Lungs-a. Arthriticum, Angina Pectoris. 
Asthma, Cardiac. Dyspnoea dependent upon 
disease of the heart. ASTHMATIC 
Asthma Convclsivum, Angina pectoris-a. 
Diaphragmaticum, Angina Pectoris - a. Dolori- 
ficuin, Angina pectoris - a. Emphysematicum, 
Pneumothorax. 
Asthma, Grinders', Grinders' Rot. The ag- 
gregate of functional phenomena, induced by the 
inhalation of particles thrown off during the 
operation of grinding metallic instruments, <fcc. 
The structural changes induced are enlargement 
of the bronchial tubes, expansion of the pulmo- 
nary tissue, and phthisis. 
Asthma Gypseum, A. pulverulentum-a. Hay, 
Fever, hay. 
Asthma Hu'midum, Humid, Common, or Spit- 
ting asthma, is when the disease is accompanied 
with expectoration. It is also called A. humo- 
ra'le, A. flatulen'tum, A. pneumon'icum, Blenno- 
tho'rax chron'icus, Ac. 
Asthma Infantum, Cynanche trachealis - a. 
Infantum Spasmodicum, A. Thymicum-a. Kop- 
pian, A. Thymicum - a. Laryngeum Infantum, 
A. Thymicum-a. Montanum, A. pulverulentum 
-a. Nervous, Asthma-a. Nocturnum, Incubus. 
Asthma Pulverulen'tum, A. gyp'seum, A. 
monta'num. The variety of asthma to which 
millers, bakers, grinders and others are subject. 
Asthma Siccum, so called when the paroxysm 
is sudden, violent, and of short duration; cough 
slight, and expectoration scanty; spasmodic con- 
striction. 
Asthma Spastico-Arthriticum Inconstans, 
Angina pectoris - a. Spasticum Infantum, A. 
Thymicum. 
Asthma Thy'micum, A. T. Kop'pii, A. spas'ti- 
cum infan'tum, A. infan'tum spasmo'dicum, Thy- 
masth'ma, Cynan'che trachea'lis spasmod'ica, 
Spasmus glot'tidis, Asthma larynge'um infan'- 
tum, A. intermit'tens infan'tum, A. Dentien'tium, 
A. period'icum acu'tum, Koppian Asthma, Thymic 
Asthma, LaryngiSmus strid'ulus, Laryngo-spas- 
mus, Apnoe'a infan'tum, Spasm of the larynx, 
Spasm of the glottis, Croup-like inspiration of in- 
fants, Child-crowing, Spasmodic croup, Pseudo- 
croup, Spu'rious croup, Oer'ehral croup, Suffocat- 
ing nervous catarrh, (F.) Laryngite striduleuse, 
Faux Croup, Pseudo-croup nerveux, Spasme de la 
Glotte et du Thorax. A disease of infants, cha- 
racterized by suspension of respiration at inter- 
vals ; great difficulty of breathing, especially on 
waking, swallowing, or crying; ending often in a 
fit of suffocation, with convulsions. The patho- 
logy of the disease has been supposed to consist 
in an enlargement of the thymus gland, or of 
the glands of the neck pressing on the pneumo- 
gastric nerves. (?) The ear, on auscultation, at a 
distance from the chest, detects an incomplete, 
acute, hissing inspiration, or rather cry; whilst 
the expiration and voice are croupal, both at the 
accession and termination of the paroxysm. The 
heart's action has been observed to be distinct 
and feeble. 
These symptoms are often accompanied by ri- 
gidity of the fingers and toes; the thumb being 
frequently drawn forcibly into the palm of the 
clenched hand, whence the name Carpo-pedal 
spasm, applied, at times, to the disease. 
Asthma Typicum. Asthma characterized by 
periodicity. 
Asthma Uteri, Hysteria-a. Weed, Lobelia 
inflata. 
ASTHMAT'IC, Asthmat'icus, Pnoocolyt'icus, 
Affected with asthma. Relating to asthma. 
ASTHME AIGU, Asthma acutum-a. Ner- 
• eux, Asthma. 
AS'TOMUS, from a, privative, and a-roya, 'a 
mouth.' One without a mouth. Pliny speaks 
of a people in India without mouths, who live 
anhelatu et odore ! 
112 
ASTYPHIA 
ASTRAGALE COL D', Collum astragali. 
ASTRAGALOIDES SYPHILITICA, Astra- 
galus exscapus. 
ASTRAG'ALUS, Talus, the Ankle, Qua'trio, 
Quar'tio, Quater'nio, Riab'ebos, Peza, Cavic'ula, 
Cavil'la, Tetro'ros, As'trion, Os Ballist'a, from 
aarpayaXoy, 'a die/ which it has been considered 
to resemble. (?) A short bone situate at the su- 
perior and middle part of the tarsus, where it is 
articulated with the tibia. It is the ankle bone, 
sling bone, or first bone of the foot. The anterior 
surface is convex, and has a well-marked promi- 
nence, supported by a kind of neek, and hence 
has been called the head of the astragalus. The 
astragalus is developed by two points of ossifica- 
tion. 
Astrag'alus Exs'capus, Astragalo'i'des sy- 
philit'ica, Stemless Milk-vetch, (F.) Astragals d 
gausses velus. Nat. Ord. Leguminosaa. Sex. 
Syst. Diadelphia Deeandria. The root is said to 
have cured confirmed syphilis. 
Astrag'alus Tragacanthus, see Tragacanth. 
Astrag'alus Verus, Spina hirci, Astrag'alus 
aculea'tus, Goat's thorn, Milk-vetch. The plant 
which affords Gum Trag'acanth. See Traga- 
canth a. 
ASTRANTIA, Imperatoria-a. Diapensia, Sa- 
nicula. 
AS'TRAPE, Corusca'tio, Fulgur, Fulmen, 
Lightning. Galen reckons it amongst the re- 
mote causes of epilepsy. 
ASTRIC'TION, Astric'tio, Stypsis, Adstric'tio, 
Oonstrie'tio, from astrtngere, (ad and striiigere,) 
' to constringe.' Action of an astringent sub- 
stance on the animal economy. 
ASTRICTORIA, Astringents. 
ASTRINGENT ROOT, Comptonia aspleni- 
folia. 
ASTRINGENTS, Astringen'tia, Adstricto'ria, 
Adstringen'tia, Stryphna, Catastal'tica, Constrin- 
gen'tia, Contrahen'tia, Stegno'tica, Syncrit'ica, 
Astricto'ria. Same etymon. Medicines which 
have the property of constringing the organic 
textures. External astringents are called Styp- 
tics. 
The following are the chief astringents: Aci- 
dum Sulphuricum, A. Tannicum, Alumen, Ar- 
genti Nitras, Catechu, Creasoton, Cupri Sul- 
phas, Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, Liquor Ferri, Nitra- 
tis, Ferri Sulphas, Gallao, Haematoxylon, Kino, 
Krameria, Liquor Calcis, Plumbi Acetas, Quercus 
Alba, Quercus Tinctoria, Zinci Sulphas, 
ASTRION, Astragalus. 
ASTRIOS, Asteria gemma. 
ASTROBLES, from aorpov, 'a star,' and fiaWut, 
'I strike.' One struck by the stars (sidera'tus.) 
One who is in a state of sideration - in an apo- 
plectic state.-Gorraeus. 
ASTROBOLIS'MUS, Heli'asis, Helio'sis; 
same etymology. Sidera'tion or action of the 
stars on a person. Apoplexy. - Theophrastus, 
Gorraeus. 
ASTROBOLOS, Asteria gemma. 
ASTROITIS, Asteria gemma. 
ASTROL'OGY, Astrolog"ia, from aarpov, ' a 
star,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' The art of divin- 
ing by inspecting the stars. This was formerly 
considered to be a part of medicine; and was 
called Judicial Astrology, to distinguish it from 
astronomy. 
ASTRON'OMY, Astronom'ia, from oarpoy, ' a 
star,' and vopos, 'a law,' 'rule.' A science which 
makes known the heavenly phenomena, and the 
laws that govern them. Hippocrates places this 
and astrology amongst the necessary studies of 
a physician. 
ASTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria. 
ASTYPHIA, Impotence. ASTYSIA 
ASTYSIA, Impotence. 
ASUAR, Myrobalanus Indica. 
ASULCI, Lapis lazuli. 
ASYNODIA, Impotence. 
ATACTOS, Erratic. 
ATARACTAPOIE'SIA, Ataractopoe'sia, from 
a, privative, rapaKros, ' troubled,' and iroiciv, ' to 
make.' Intrepidity, firmness; a quality of which, 
according to Hippocrates, the physician ought to 
be possessed in the highest degree. 
ATARAX'IA, from a, privative, and rapafa, 
' trouble,' ' emotion.' Moral tranquillity, peace 
of mind. 
AT'AVISM, from atavue, 'an old grandsire or 
ancestor, indefinitely.' The case in which an 
anomaly or disease, existing in a family, is lost 
in one generation and reappears in the following. 
ATAX'IA, from a, privative, and rafa, 'order.' 
Disorder, irregularity. Hippocrates employs the 
word in its most extensive acceptation. Galen 
applies it, especially, to irregularity of pulse; 
and Sydenham speaks of Ataxia Spirituum for 
disorder of the nervous system. Ataxia, now, 
usually means the state of disorder that charac- 
terizes nervous fevers, and the nervous condition. 
Ataxia Spirituum, Nervous diathesis. See 
Ataxia. 
ATAX'IC. Atax'icne ; same etymon. Having 
the characters of ataxia. 
ATCHAR, A'chia, Achar. A condiment used 
in India. It is formed of green fruits of various 
kinds, - garlic, ginger, mustard, and pimento, 
pickled in vinegar. 
ATECNIA, Sterilitas. 
ATELEC'TASIS, from areXris, 'imperfect, de- 
fective,' and iKTaaif, ' dilatation.' Imperfect ex- 
pansion or dilatation ; as in 
Atelec'tasis Pulmo'num, Pneumonatelec'ta- 
sis, Pneumatelec'tasis. Imperfect expansion of 
the lungs at birth, from artAr/j, 'imperfect,' and 
eeraais, ' dilatation.' Giving rise to Cyano'sis 
pulmona'lis. 
AT'ELES, arcXi/f, 'imperfect, defective.'- 
Hence, 
ATELOCHEI'LIA, from 'imperfect,* 
and ' lip.' A malformation which con- 
sists in an imperfect development of the lip. 
ATELOENCEPHAL'IA, from areXns, 'imper- 
fect,' and t-yKt:<paXov, ' the encephalon.' State of 
Imperfect development of the brain.-Andral. 
ATELOGLOS'SIA, from arrXiyf, 'imperfect,' 
and yXmaaa, ' tongue.' A malformation which 
consists in an imperfect development of the 
tongue. 
ATELOGNA'THIA, from areXns, 'imperfect,' 
and yvados, 'the jaw.' A malformation which 
consists in an imperfect development of the jaw. 
ATELOMYEL'IA, from areXi/j, 'imperfect,' 
and pvcXos, ' marrow. State of imperfect deve- 
lopment of the spinal marrow.-BSclard. 
ATELOPROSO'PIA, from 'imperfect,' 
and irpotrwrtov, 'the face.' A malformation which 
consists in imperfect development of the face. 
ATELORACHIDIA, Hydrorachis. 
ATELOSTOM'IA, from arcXqs, iimperfect,' 
and aropa, 'mouth.' One whose mouth is im- 
perfectly developed. 
ATER SUCCUS, Atrabilis. 
ATHAMAN'TA, from Athamas, a place in 
Thessaly. A genus of plants. 
Athamanta Annua, A. Cretensis. 
Athaman'ta Aureoseli'num, Oreoneli'num, 
0. legit'imum seu nigrum, Seli'num oreoeeli'num, 
Peuced'anum oreoseli'num, Apium monta'num, 
Black Mountain Parsley, (F.) Pereil de Mon- 
tagne. The plant, seed and roots, are aromatic. 
It has been considered attenuant, aperient, deob- 
113 
ATLAS 
struent, and lithontripic. The distilled oil has 
been used in toothach. 
Athaman'ta Creten'sis seu Creti'ca, A. an'- 
nua, Libano'tis annua seu Creten'sis seu Airsu'ta, 
Daucus Oreticus; D. Candia'nus, Myrrhis an'nua. 
Candy Carrot. The seeds of this plant are acrid 
and aromatic. They have been used as carmina- 
tives and diuretics. 
Athamanta Macedonica, Bubon Macedoni- 
cum-a. Meum, ASthusa meum. 
ATHANASIA, Tanacetum. 
Athana'sia, from a, privative, and 3avaro;, 
'death.' An antidote for diseases of the liver, 
jaundice, gravel, &c. It consisted of saffron, 
cinnamon, lavender, cassia, myrrh, juncus odo- 
ratus, honey, <fcc., and was esteemed to be sudo- 
rific. 
ATHARA, Athera. 
ATHELAS'MUS, from a, privative, and 
' a breast or nipple.' Impracticability of giving 
suck; from want of nipple or otherwise. 
ATHELXIS, Sucking. 
ATHE'NA. Name of a plaster, recommended 
by Asclepiades, and composed of oxide of copper, 
sublimed oxide of zinc, sal ammoniac, verdigris, 
gall nuts, and a variety of resinous and other in- 
gredients.-Oribasius, Aetius, and P. A5gineta. 
ATHENIO'NIS CATAPO'TIUM. A pill, 
composed of myrrh, pepper, castor, and opium; 
used to allay coughing.-Celsus. 
ATHE'RA, Atha'ra, from aQrjp, 'an ear of 
corn.' A kind of pap for children: also, a kind 
of liniment.-Dioscorides, Pliny. 
ATHERAPEUTUS, Incurable. 
ATHERO'MA, from aSr/pa, 'pap or pulp,' En- 
phy'ma encys'tis athero'ma, MoUus' cum, Pulta'tio. 
A tumour formed by a cyst containing matter 
like pap or Bouillie. 
ATHEROM'ATOUS, Atheromata'des. Having 
the nature of Atheroma. 
ATHLE'TA, from ' combat.' Athletes 
were men who exercised themselves in combat 
at the public festivals.-Vitruvius. 
ATHLET'IC, Athlet'icus; concerning Athletes. 
Strong in muscular powers.-Foesius. 
ATHORACOCEPHALUS. Acephalogaster. 
ATHRIX, At'richus ; from a, privative, and 
rp<x°f> 'hair.' Bald. One who has lost his 
hair. 
Athrix Depilis, Alopecia. 
ATHYM'IA, An'im defec'tus et anxi'etas, 
An'imi demis'sio, Tristit"ia, Jfceror, Lype, from 
a, priv., and 3ugoj, 'heart,' 'courage.' Des- 
pondency. The prostration of spirits often ob- 
servable in the sick.-Hippocrates. Melancholy. 
-Swediaur. See Panophobia. 
Athymia Pleonectica, see Pleonectica. 
ATHYRION, Asplenium ceterach. 
ATHYRIUM FILIX FCEMINA, Asplenium 
filix foemina-a. Filix mas, Polypodium filix mas 
-a. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina-a. Ovatum, 
Asplenium filix foemina-a. Trifidum, A 'pfouium 
filix foemina. 
ATLANTAD, see Atlantal. 
ATLAN'TAL; same etymon as Atlas. Re- 
lating or appertaining to the atlas. 
Atlantal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
region where the atlas is situated.-Barclay. 
Atlantad is used by the same writer to signify 
' towards the atlantal aspect.' 
Atlantal Extremities. The upper limbs. 
ATLANTION, Atlas. 
ATLAS, Atlan'tion, from ar\aia, 'I sustain. 
The first cervical ver'tebra; so called, from its 
supporting the whole weight of the head, as 
Atlas is said to have supported the globe on hig 
shoulders. Chaussier calls it Atloid. This ver - ATLOIDO-AXOID 
tebra in no respect resembles the others. It is 
a kind of irregular ring, into which, anteriorly, 
the processus dentatus of the second vertebra is 
received. Posteriorly, it gives passage to the 
medulla spinalis. 
ATLOID'O-AXOID, (F.) Atldido-axdidien. 
Relating to both the Atlas and the Axis or Ver- 
tebra Dentata. 
Atloido-axoid Articulation. The articula- 
tion between the first two cervical vertebrie. 
Atloido-Axoid Lig'aments. These are two 
in number; one anterior and another posterior, 
passing between the two vertebrae. 
ATLOID'O-OCCIP'ITAL. Relating to the 
atlas and occiput. The Atloido-occip'ital Arti- 
cnla'tion is formed by the condyles of the occi- 
pital bone and the superior articular surfaces of 
the Atlas. The Atloido-occipital muscle is the 
Rectus capitis posticus minor. 
ATLOIDO-SOUS-MASTOID TEX, Obliquus 
superior oculi-a. Sous-occipitale, Rectus capitis 
lateralis. 
ATMIATRI'A, Atmidiat'rice, from arpos, 'va- 
pour,' and carpua, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
diseases by fumigation. 
ATMIDIATRICE, Atmiatria. 
ATMISTERION, Vaporarium. 
ATMOS, Breath. 
AT'MOSPHERE, Atmospha'ra, from arpos, 
• vapour,' and a<paif>a, ' a sphere :' - as it were, 
Sphere of vapours. The atmosphere is a sphe- 
rical mass of air, surrounding the earth in every 
part; the height of which is estimated at 15 or 
16 leagues. It presses on the surface of the 
earth, and this pressure has, necessarily, sensible 
effects on organized bodies. The surface of the 
human body being reckoned at 15 square feet, it 
is computed that a pressure of 33,000 pounds or 
more exists under ordinary circumstances; and 
this pressure cannot be increased or diminished 
materially, without modifying the circulation and 
all the functions. 
ATMOSPHERIZATION, Haematosis. 
ATOCIA, Sterilitis. 
ATOL'MIA, from a, priv., and roXpa, 'confi- 
dence.' Want of confidence; discouragement. 
A state of mind, unfavourable to health, and in- 
jurious in disease. It is the antithesis of Eu- 
tol'mia. 
ATONIA, Atony-a. Ventriculi, Gasterasthe- 
nia. 
AT'ONY, Aton'ia, Infir'mitas et Remis'sio vi'- 
rium, Languor, Lax'itas, from a, priv., and rovoj, 
'tone,' 'force.' Want of tone. Weakness of 
every organ, and particularly of those that are 
contractile. Violent gastritis has been described 
by Scribonius Largus under a similar name, 
Arovov, At'onon. 
ATRABIL'IARY, AtrabiVions, Atrabilia'ris, 
Atrabilio'sus, from ater, 'black,' and bills, 'bile.' 
An epithet given by the ancients to the melan- 
cholic and hypochondriac, because they believed 
the Atrabilis to predominate in such. 
Atrabiliary Capsules, Arteries and Veins. 
The renal capsules, arteries and veins; the for- 
mation of Atrabilis having been attributed to 
them. 
ATRABI'LIS, same etymon, Ater succus, 
Blaek Bile or melancholy. According to the an- 
cients, a thick, black, acrid humour, secreted, in 
the opinion of some, by the pancreas; in that 
of others, by the supra-renal capsules. Hippo- 
crates, Galen, Aetius, and others, ascribe great 
influence to the Atrabilis in the production of 
hypochondriasis, melancholy, and mania. There 
is really no such humour. It was an imaginary 
creation -Aretaeus, Rufus of Ephesus, Ac. 
114 
ATROPA 
ATRAC HE LOCEPII'ALUS, from a, priv., 
'neck,' and Kt<pdX>), 'head.' A monster 
whose neck is partially or wholly deficient. 
ATRACHE'LUS. Same etymon. One who is 
very short-necked.-Galen. 
ATRAC'TYLIS GUMMIF'ERA, Car'duus 
pi'neus, Ixine, Gummy-rooted Atractylis, Pine 
Thistle. The root, when wounded, yields a 
milky, viscid juice, which concretes into tena- 
cious masses, and is said to be chewed with the 
same views as mastich. 
ATRAGENE, Clematis vitalba. 
ATRAMEN'TUM, A. Suto'rium, Ink, Calcan'- 
thon, (F.) Encre. It has been advised as an as- 
tringent, and as an external application in her- 
petic affections. 
Atramentum Sutorium, Ferri sulphas. 
ATRESIA, Adherence, Imperforation. See 
Monster. 
Atre'sia Ani Adna'tA, Anus Imperfora'tus, 
Imperfora'tio ani, (F.) Imperforation de Vanus. 
Congenital imperforation of the intestinal canal. 
ATRETISMUS, Imperforation. 
ATRETOCEPH'ALUS, from arpnros, 'imper- 
forate,' and KcipaXr/, 'head.' A monster, in which 
some of the natural apertures of the head are 
wanting.-Gurlt. 
ATRETOCOR'MUS, from arptirog, 'imperfo- 
rate,' and Koppos, 'trunk.' A monster in which 
the natural apertures of the trunk are wanting.- 
Gurlt. 
ATRE'TUS, from a, priv., and rpaw, ' I per- 
forate.' Imperfora'tus, Imperforate. One whose 
anus, or parts of generation, are imperforate, 
(aproc'tws). 
AT'RICES. Small tumours, which appear oc- 
casionally around the anus. Some commentators 
consider the word to be synonymous with con- 
dylomata.-Forestus. 
ATRICHIA, Alopecia. 
ATRICHUS, Athrix. 
AT'RICI. Small sinuses in the vicinity of the 
anus, not penetrating the rectum. 
ATRIPLEX FtETIDA, Chenopodium vul- 
varia. 
Atriplex Horten'sis, A. Sati'va, (F.) Ar. 
roche, Bonne Dame. The herb and seed of this 
plant have been exhibited as antiscorbutics. 
At'riplex al'imus, A. Portulaco'i'des, and A. 
Pat'ula, are used as pickles, and have similar 
properties. 
At'riplex Mexicana, Chenopodium ambro- 
sioides - a. Odorata, Chenopodium botrys - a. 
Olida, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
ATRIUM CORDIS DEXTER, Sinus dexter 
cordis - a. Cordis sinistrum, Sinus pulmonalis- 
a. Vaginae, Vestibulum. 
AT'ROPA, from Arporo;, 'immutable,' 'the 
goddess of destiny;' so called from its fatal 
effects. 
Atropa Belladon'na, Belladon'na, B. bae- 
cif'era seu trichot'oma, Deadly Nightshade, Sola'- 
num letha'le, Sola'num mani'acum, S. Furio'snm, 
Sola'num melanocer'asus, (F.) Belladone, Morelle 
furieuse, Belle Dame. Nat. Ord. Solanea?. Sex. 
Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves-Bel- 
ladonna (Ph. U. S.) are powerfully narcotic, and 
also diaphoretic, and diuretic. They are occa- 
sionally used where narcotics are indicated. 
Sprinkling the powdered leaves over cancerous 
sores has been found to allay the pain; and the 
leaves form a good poultice. Dose, gr. to gr. j 
of the powdered leaves. 
Atropa Mandrag'ora, JIandrag'ora, JI. ver. 
na'lis seu officina'lis seu acau'lis, Circa:'a, Anthro- 
pomorph' us, Malum terres'tre, Mandrake. The ATROPHIA 
boiled root has been used in the form of poultice 
in indolent swellings. 
ATROPHIA, Atrophy, Tabes - a. Ablactato- 
rum, Brash, weaning-a. Cerebri, Phrenatrophia 
-a. Cordis, Heart, atrophy of the-a. Glandula- 
ris, Tabes inesenterica - a. Hepatis, Hepatatro- 
phia - a. Infantum, Paedatrophia., Tabes mesen- 
teriea-a. Intestinorum, Enteratrophia. 
Atrophia Lactan'tium, Tabes nutri'cum sen 
lac'tea. The atrophy of nursing women. 
Atrophia Lienis, Splenatrophia - a. Mesen- 
terica, Tabes mesenterica-a. Testiculi, Orchida- 
trophia. 
A TH OP HIE, Atrophy-a. Mesenterique, Tabes 
mesenterica. 
ATROPHIED, see Atrophy. 
AT'ROPHY, Maras'mus Atro'phia, Atro'phia 
Maras' mus, Ma'cies, Contabescen'tia, Tabes, Mar- 
co'res, Analo'sis, from a, privative, and rpo<pn, 
'nourishment.' (F.)Atrophie,Dessichement. Pro- 
gressive and morbid diminution in the bulk of 
the whole body or of a part. Atrophy is gene- 
rally symptomatic. Any tissue or organ thus 
affected is said to be atrophied. 
Atrophy of the Heart, see Heart, atrophy 
of the. 
AT'ROPINE, Atropi'na, Atro'pia, Atro'pium, 
Atropi'num, (F.) Atro/n'ne. The active principle 
of Atropa Belladonna, separated by Brandes, by 
a process similar to that for procuring morphia. 
ATTACHE, Insertion. 
ATTACK, Insul'tus, Assul'tus, Irrep'tio, Inva'- 
sio, Eis'bole, Lepsis, (F.) Attaque. A sudden 
attack, invasion or onset of a disease. A seizure. 
ATTAGAS, Attagen. 
AT'TAGEN, At'tagas, the Fran' colin. Cele- 
brated with the ancients both as food and medi- 
cine.-Martial, Aristophanes. 
ATTANCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A mineral water in France, at Attancourt, in 
Champagne; about three leagues north of Join- 
ville. The water is a chalybeate, and contains 
sulphate of lime. In large doses it is purgative. 
ATTAQUE, Attack - a. des Nerfs, Nervous 
attack. 
ATTELLE, Splint. 
ATTENOTING, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
in Bavaria. The water contains carbonic acid, 
carbonates of lime and soda, sulphates of lime 
and magnesia, chloride of sodium, iron, and alum. 
It is much used in skin diseases, fistula, old ul- 
cers, calculi, and hemorrhoids. 
ATTEN'UANTS, Attenuan'tia, Leptun'tica, 
(F.) Leptontiques, from tenuis, 'thin.* Medicines 
which augment the fluidity of the humours. 
ATTENUA'TION, Attenua'tio ; same etymon. 
Thinness, emaciation. A term used by the ho- 
moeopathists in the sense of dilution or division 
of remedies into infinitesimal doses. 
ATTIRANT, Attrahent. 
AT'TITUDE, Situs Cor'poris. Low Latin, 
aptitudo; from Latin aptare, 'to fit.' Situation, 
position of the body. The attitudes are the dif- 
ferent postures which man is capable of assum- 
ing. In General Pathology, the attitude will 
often enable the physician to pronounce at once 
upon the character of a disease, or it will aid him 
materially in his judgment In St. Vitus's dance, 
in fractures, luxations, <fcc., it is the great index. 
It will also indicate the degree of nervous or 
cerebral power; hence the sinking down in bed 
is an evidence of great cerebral debility in fever. 
The position of a patient during an operation is 
also an interesting subject of attention to the 
surgeon. 
ATTOL'LENS AUREM, Attol'lens Auric'ula, 
Leva'tor Auris, Supe'rior Auris, Attol'lens Au- 
ric'ulam, Auricula'ris supe'rior, (F.) Auriculaire 
supfrieur, Temporo-auriculaire. A muscle of 
115 
AUDITORY 
the ear, which arises, thin, broad, and tendinous, 
from the tendon of the occipito-frontalis, and is 
inserted into the upper part of the ear, opposite 
to the anti-helix. It raises the ear. 
Attollens Oculi, Rectus superior oculi - a. 
Ocuhim, Rectus superior oculi. , 
ATTOUCHEMENT, Masturbation. 
ATTRACTION OF AGGREGATION, Cohe- 
sion, force of. 
ATTRACTIVUM, see Magnet. 
ATTRACTIVUS, Attrahent. 
ATTRACTORIUS, Attrahent. 
ATTRAHENS AURICULAM, Anterior auris. 
AT'TRAHENT, At'trahens, Attract?vus, At- 
tracto'rius, from ad, ' to,' and traho, ' I draw.' 
(F.) Attractif, Attirant. Remedies are so called, 
which attract fluids to the parts to which they 
are applied, as blisters, rubefacients, Ac. 
ATTRAPE-LOURDAUT, (F.) A bistoury 
invented by a French surgeon, called Biennaise, 
and used in the operation for hernia. See Bis- 
touri cachfi. 
ATTRITA, Chafing. 
ATTRITIO, Attrition, Chafing. 
ATTRIT"ION, Attrit"io, Ecthlim'ma, from 
ad, and terere, ' to bruise.' Friction or bruising. 
Chafing.- Galen. Also, a kind of cardialgia.- 
Sennertus. Likewise, a violent contusion. 
ATTRITUS, Chafing. 
ATYP'IC, Atyp'icus, At'ypos, from a, priva- 
tive, and rvnos, 'type.' That which has no type. 
Irregular. Chiefly applied to an irregular inter- 
mittent,-Febris atypica. 
ATYPOS, Erratic. 
AUANSIS, Drying. 
AUAN'TE, Anap'se, from avavais, ' desicca- 
tion.' Hippocrates gave this name to a disease, 
the principal symptom of which was emaciation. 
Atrophy. 
AUBE-VIGNE, Clematis vitalba. 
A UREPINE, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
AUBERGINE, Solanum Melongena. 
AUBIFOIN, Cyanus segetum. 
AUCHEN, Collum. 
AUCHENORRHEUMA, Torticollis. 
AUCHE'TICUS, from 'the neck.' One 
affected with stiff neck or torticollis. 
AUDE, Voice. 
AUDINAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
dinac is situate in the department of Arriege, 
France. The water contains a small quantity 
of sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, sulphates of 
lime and magnesia, carbonates of lime and iron, 
and a bituminous substance. Temp. 67° Fahr. 
It is much used in chronic rheumatism, herpes, 
scrofulous diseases, Ac. 
AUDIT"ION, from audire, 'to hear;' 
Audit"io, Audi'tus, A'coe, Acro'ama, Acro'asit, 
Acoe'sis, Acu'sis. Hearing. The act of hearing, 
The sensation arising from an impression made 
on the auditory nerves by the vibrations of the 
air, produced by a sonorous body. The physi- 
ology of Audition is obscure. It probably takes 
place :-1. By the vibrations being communicated 
from the membrana tympani along the chain of 
small bones to the membrane of the foramen 
ovale. 2. By means of the air in the cavity of 
the tympanum, the membrane of the foramen 
rotundum is agitated. 3. The transmission may 
be made by means of the bony parietes. In 
these three ways the vibrations produced by a 
sonorous body may reach the auditory nerve. 
Audition may be active or passive: hence the 
difference between listening and simply hearing 
AU'DITORY, Audito'rius, Audit?vus, Acusr* 
ticus. That which relates to audition. 
Auditory Arteries and Veins, are vessels 
which enter the auditory canals, and are, like AUGE 
them, distinguished into internal and external. 
The external auditory artery, A. Tympanique - 
(Ch.) is given off by the styloid, a branch of the 
external carotid : the interna/ is a branch of the 
basilary artery, which accompanies the auditory 
nerve, and is distributed to it. The Auditory 
Veins 'empty into the internal and external ju- 
gulars. 
Auditory Canal, External, Mea'tus audito'- 
rius exter'nus, Alvea'rium, Scapha, Scaphus, (F.) 
Conduit auditif externe, Conduit auriculaire, 
commences at the bottom of the concha, at the 
Fora'men auditi'vum exter'num, passes inwards, 
forwards, and a little downwards, and terminates 
at the membrana tympani. It is partly cartilagi- 
nous, partly osseous, and partly fibrous. 
Auditory Canal. Internal, Mea'tus audito'- 
rius inter'nus, Porus seu Sinus acus'ticus, Cyar, 
(F.) Conduit auditif interne, 0. labyrinthique, is 
situate in the posterior surface of the pars pe- 
trosa of the temporal bone. From the Fora'men 
auditi'vum inter'num, where it commences, it 
passes forwards and outwards, and terminates 
by a kind of cul-de-sac, mac'ula cribro'sa, perfo- 
rated by many holes, one of which is the orifice 
of the Aquaiductus Fallopii; and the others com- 
municate with the labyrinth. 
Auditory Nerve, Nerf labyrinthique-(Ch.) 
is the Portio Mollis of the seventh pair. It 
arises from the corpus restiforme, from the floor 
of the fourth ventricle, and by means of white 
striae, from the sides of the calamus scriptorius. 
As it leaves the encephalon, it forms a flattened 
cord, and proceeds with the facial nerve through 
the foramen auditivum internum, and as far as 
the bottom of the meatus, where it separates from 
the facial, and divides into two branches, one 
going to the cochlea, the cochlear; the other to 
the vestibule and semi-circular canals, the vesti- 
bular. 
AUGE, Al'veus. Some of the older anatomists 
gave this name to a reservoir, into which liquids 
flow in an interrupted manner, so that it is alter- 
nately full and empty. Such are the ventricles 
and auricles of the heart. 
AU G M E N T A' TION, from auger e, ' to in crease 
Augmen'tum, Incremen'tum, Anab'asis, Auc'tio, 
Auxis, Progres' sio, Progres'sus, Auxe'sis. The 
stage of a disease in which the symptoms go on 
increasing. 
AULISCUS, Canula. See Fistula. 
AULOS, Canula, Fistula. See Vagina, and 
Foramen. 
AUMALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Au- 
male is a town of Upper Normandy, in the coun- 
try of Caux. Several springs of ferruginous 
mineral waters are found there, whose odour is 
penetrating, and taste rough and astringent. 
They are tonic, and employed in debility of the 
viscera, Ac. 
AUNE NOIRE, Rhamnus frangula. 
AUNEE, Inula helenium - a. Rysenterique, 
Inula dysenterica. 
AURA, PnoZ. A vapour or emanation from 
any body, surrounding it like an atmosphere. 
Van Helmont regarded the vital principle as a 
gas and volatile spirit, which he called Aura 
vitalis. 
In Pathology, Aura means the sensation of a 
light vapour, which, in some diseases, appears 
to set out from the trunk or limbs; and to rise 
towards the head. This feeling has been found 
to precede attacks of epilepsy and hysteria, and 
hence it has been called Aura Epilep'tica, and 
A. hyster'ica. 
Aura San'guinis. The odour exhaled by blood 
newly drawn. See Gaz Sanguinis. 
Aura Sem'inis, A. semina'lis, Spir'itus geni- 
116 
AURICULAR 
ta'lis:-A volatile principle fancied to exist in 
the sperm, and regarded by some as the fecun • 
dating agent. Such is not the case. 
Aura Vitalis, Vital principle. 
AURAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
Otiatria. 
AURANCUM, see Ovum. 
AURANITE, see Agaric. 
AURAN'TIA CURASSAVEN'TIA, Curasso'a 
apples or oranges. Immature oranges, checked, 
by accident, in their growth. They are a grate- 
ful, aromatic bitter, devoid of acidity. Infused 
in wine or brandy they make a good stomachic. 
They are also used for issue peas. 
Aurantia Curassavica, see Citrus aurantium 
- a. Poma, see Citrus aurantium. 
Aurantii Cortex, see Citrus aurantium. 
AURANTIUM, Citrus aurantium. 
AURELIANA CANADENSIS, Panax quin- 
quefolium. 
AUREOLA, Areola. 
AURI CHLORETUM CUM CIILORETO 
NATRII, see Gold-a. Chloridum, Gold, muriate 
of-a. Chloretum, Gold, muriate of-a. Cyanidum, 
see Gold-a. Cyanuretum, see Gold-a. lodidum, 
see Gold - a. loduretum, see Gold - a. et Natri 
chloruretum, see Gold-a. Murias, Gold, muriate 
of-a. Nitro-murias, see Gold - a. Oxidum, see 
Gold-a. Terchloridum, see Gold - a. Tercyani- 
dum, see Gold - a. Teroxidum, see Gold. 
AURICHALCUM, Brass. 
AURICLE, Auric'ula, (F.) Auricule, Oricule. 
Diminutive of auris, an ear. The auricle of the 
ear. See Pavilion. 
Auricles of the Heart, Cavita'tes innomi- 
na'tcs, (F.) Oreillettes, are two cavities; one 
right, the other left, each communicating with 
the ventricle of its side. These two cavities re- 
ceive the blood from every part of the body. 
Into the right auricle, the two venae cavae and 
coronary vein open: into the left, the four pul- 
monary veins. Chaussier calls the former the 
Sinus of the Vena Cava:-the latter, the Sinus 
of the Pulmonary Veins. The foliated or dog's 
ear portion of each auricle is called Appen'dix 
auric'ula. See Sinus. 
Auricula Peziza auricula-a. Muris, 
Hieracium Pilosella-a. Muris major, Hieracium 
murorum. 
AURICULAIRE, see Digitus-a. Posterieur, 
Retrahens auris-a. Supirieur, Attollens aurein. 
AURIC'ULAR, Auricula'ris, Oric'ular, from 
auricula, ' the ear.' That which belongs to the 
ear, especially to the external ear. 
Auric'ular Ar'teries and Veins, Oricit- 
laires-(Ch.), are divided into anterior and pos- 
terior. The anterior are of indeterminate num- 
ber. They arise from the temporal artery, and 
are distributed to the meatus auditorius externus, 
and to the pavilion of the ear. The posterior 
auricular is given off by the external carotid, 
from which it separates in the substance of the 
parotid gland. When it reaches the inferior part 
of the pavilion of the ear it bifurcates ; one of its 
branches being distributed to the inner surface 
of the pavilion, the other passing over the mas- 
toid process, and being distributed to the tempo- 
ral and posterior auris muscles, Ac. Before its 
bifurcation it gives off the stylo-mastoid artery. 
The Anterior and Posterior Auricular Veins open 
into the temporal and external jugular. 
Auricular Finger, (F.) Doigt auriculaire, is 
the little finger, so called because, owing to its 
size, it can be more readily introduced into the 
meatus auditorius. 
Auricular Nerves are several. 1. The au- 
ricular branch, Zygomato-auricular, is one of 
the ascending branches of the cervical plexus. AURICULARIA SAMBUCI 
It ramifies and spreads over the two surfaces of 
the pavilion. 2. The auricular or superficial 
temporal, Temporal-cutaneous-(Ch.) is given off 
from the inferior maxillary. It ascends between 
the condyle of the jaw and the meatus auditorius 
externus, sends numerous filaments to the meatus 
and pavilion, and divides into two twigs, which 
accompany the branches of the temporal artery, 
and are distributed to the integuments of the 
head. There is also a posterior auricular fur- 
nished by the facial. 
AURICULARIA SAMBUCI, Peziza auricula. 
AURICULARIS ANTERIOR, Anterior auris 
-a. Superior, Attollens aurem. 
AURICULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
AURIC'ULO-VENTRIC'ULAR, Auric'ulo- 
ventricula'ris. That which belongs to the auri- 
cles and ventricles of the heart. The communi- 
cations between the auricles and ventricles are 
so called. The Tricuspid and Mitral Valves are 
auriculo-ventricular valves. 
AURI'GA. A species of bandage for the ribs, 
described by Galen. See, also, Liver. 
AURIGO, Icterus - a. Neophytorum, Icterus 
Infantum. 
AURIPIGMENTUM, Orpiment-a. Rubrum, 
Realgar. 
AURIS, Ear. 
AURISCALPIUM, Earpick. 
AURISCOP'IUM, Au'riscope, from auris, 'the 
ear,' and aKorrw, 'I view.' An instrument for 
exploring the ear. 
AURIST, Otla'ter, Otia'trus, Ear-doctor, Ear- 
surgeon ; from auris, 'the ear.' One who occu- 
pies himself chiefly with the diseases of the ear 
and their treatment. 
AURIUM FLUCTUATIO, Bombus-a. Mar- 
morata, Cerumen-a. Sibilus, Bombus-a. Soni- 
tus, Bombus-a. Sordes, Cerumen - a. Susurrus, 
Bombus. 
AURONE, Artemisia abrotanum - a. des 
Champs, Artemisia campestris - a. des Jardins, 
Artemisia abrotanum-a. Male, Artemisia abro- 
tanum. 
AURUGO, Icterus. 
AU RUM, Gold-a. Chloratum, Gold, mu- 
riate of-a. Chloratum natronatum, see Gold-a. 
Foliatum, Gold leaf-a. in Libellis, Gold leaf-a. 
Leprosum, Antimonium - a. Limatum, see Gold 
- a. Muriaticum, see Gold-a. Muriaticum na- 
tronatum, see Gold. 
Aurum Musi'vum, Aurum Mosa'icum, Sulph'- 
uret of Tin, Deutosulphuret or Persulphuret of 
tin. [Quicksilver, tin, sulphur, sal ammoniac, 
aa, equal parts. The tin being first melted, the 
quicksilver is poured into it, and then the whole 
are ground together, and sublimed in a bolthead. 
The aurum musivum lies at the bottom.) It is 
used in some empirical preparations. 
Aurum Oxydatum, see Gold-a. Oxydulatum 
muriaticum, Gold, muriate of-a. Nitro-muriati- 
cum, see Gold-a. Salitum, Gold, muriate of. 
AUS'CULTATE, TO; from auscultare, 'to lis- 
ten.' To practise auscultation. ' To auscult' is 
at times used with the same signification. 
AUSCULTA'TION, Ausculta'tio, Echos'cope, 
act of listening. Buisson has used it synony- 
mously with listening. Laennec introduced aus- 
cultation to appreciate the different sounds which 
can be heard in the chest, and in the diagnosis 
of diseases of the heart, lungs, &c. This may 
be done by the aid of an instrument called a ste- 
thoscope, one extremity of which is applied to the 
ear, the other to the chest of the patient. This 
mode of examination is called Mediate Ausculta- 
tion, (F.) Auscultation midiate,-the application 
of the ear to the chest being immediate ausculfa- 
tion. 
117 
AUTOPHONIA 
The act of exploring the chest is called Stefho- 
scop'ia, and Thoracoscop'ia; of the abdomen, 
Abdominoscop'ia. 
AUSCUL'TATORY, Auscultato'rius ; Auscul'- 
tory, Auscul'tic, (with some.) Belonging or hav- 
ing relation to auscultation. 
Auscultatory Percussion, see Acouophonia. 
AUSTERE', Auste'rus. Substances which pro- 
duce a high degree of acerb impression on the 
organs of taste. 
AUSTHUCHE, Imperatoria. 
AUTALGIA DOLOROSA, Neuralgia, facial, 
Pleurodynia-a. Pruriginosa, Itching-a. Ver- 
tigo, Vertigo. 
AUTARCI'A, from avros, 'himself,' and ap»ccw, 
' I am satisfied.' Moral tranquillity.-Galen. 
AUTEMES'IA, from avros, 'self,' and 
'vomiting.' Spontaneous or idiopathic vomiting. 
-Alibert. 
AUTEMPRESMUS, Combustion, human. 
AUTHE'MERON. A medicine which cures 
on the day of its exhibition; from avros, 'the 
same,' and 'npcpa,' ' day.' 
AUTHYGIANSIS, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
AUTOCHIR, Autochi'rus, Suici'da, from avros, 
'himself,' and 'hand.' One who has com- 
mitted suicide. A self-murderer or suicide. 
AUTOCIIIRIA, Suicide. 
AUTOCINE'SIS, Notus volunta'rius, from 
avros, 'self,' and kivwis, 'motion.' Voluntary 
motion. 
AUTOC'RASY, Autocrati'a, Autocrato'ria, 
from avros, ' himself,' and spares, ' strength.' In- 
dependent force. Action of the vital principle, 
or of the instinctive powers towards the preser- 
vation of the individual. See Vis Medicatrix Na- 
turae. Also, the vital principle. 
AUTOCRATIA, Autocrasy, Vis Medicatrix 
naturae. 
AUTOCRATORIA, Autocrasy-a. Physiatrice, 
Vis medicatrix naturae. 
AUTOCTONIA, Suicide. 
AUTOG"ENOUS; from avros, 'self,' and ycv- 
vau, ' I generate.' A term applied by Mr. Owen 
to parts or elements that are usually developed 
from distinct and independent centres; as in the 
case of the different parts or elements that form 
a vertebra. 
AUTOGONIA, Generation, equivocal. 
AUTOLITHOT'OMUS, from avros, 'himself,' 
' a stone,' and rcpvciv, ' to cut.' One who 
operates upon himself for the stone. 
AUTOMAT'IC, Automat'iciis, Autom'atus, from 
avroparos, 'spontaneous.' That which acts ofitself. 
Those movements are called automatic, which the 
patient executes without any object ; apparently 
without volition being exercised:-involuntary 
motions, motus autoniat'ici seu autom'ati seu tn- 
volunta'rii. 
AUTONN AL, Autumnal. 
AUTONOM'IA, Vis medicatrix naturce. The 
word Autonomia is occasionally employed by the 
French and Germans for the peculiar mechanism 
of an organized body. Thus, although individu- 
als of the same species may differ in outward con- 
formation, their mechanism or instinctive laws, 
(Autonomia,) may be the same. 
AUTONYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
AUTOPEP'SIA, from avros, 'self,' and rcrrw, 
'I concoct.' Self-digestion,-as of the stomach 
after death. 
AUTOPHIA, Autopsia. 
AUTOPHO'NIA, (F.) Retentissement autopho- 
nique, from avros, 'self,' and ipcovn, 'voice.' An 
auscultatory sign pointed out by M. Hourmann, 
which consists in noting the character of the ob- 
server's own voice, while he speaks with his head 
placed close to the patient's chest. The voice, it AUTOPHOSPIIORUS 
is alleged, will be modified by the condition of 
the subjacent organs. The resonance, thus heard, 
he terms retentiasement autophonique. This di- 
agnostic agency Dr. R. G. Latham proposes to 
term heautophon'ics. 
Autophonia, Suicide. 
AUTOPHOSPHORUS, Phosphorus. 
AUTOPLAS'TIC, Autoplas'ticua ; from avros, 
'self,' and vXaanKos, 'formative.' Relating to 
autoplasty or plastic surgery. 
AUTOPLASTICE, Morioplastice. 
AUTOPLASTY, Morioplastice. 
AUTOP'SIA, Au'topsy ; from auro;, 'himself,' 
and ' vision.' Autoph'ia, Autoscop'ia. In- 
spection; examination by one's self; self-inspec- 
tion. Often improperly used for the following: 
Autop'sia Cadaver'ica, (F.) Autopsie ou Ou- 
verture cadaverique. Attentive examination after 
death,-Examination post mortem, Sectio Oadav'- 
eris, Dissection, Nec'roscopy, Nec'ropsy, Necro- 
scop'ia, Necrop'sia, Necrop'sis, - practised for 
the purpose of investigating the causes and seat 
of an affection of which a person may have 
died, <fcc. 
Autop'sia Cadaver'ica Lega'lis, Sec'tio ca- 
dav'eris legalia, Obduc'tio, is the examination 
after death for medico-legal purposes. 
AUTOPYROS, Syncomistos. 
AUTOSCOPIA, Autopsia. 
AU'TOSITE, from auras, ' self,' and airas, 
' nourishment.' A single monster, capable of 
deriving nourishment from its own proper or- 
gans, in contradistinction to Omphalosite. 
AUTOTHERAPIA, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
AUTUMN, Autum'nus, Phthiropo'ron, (F.) Au- 
tornne. One of the seasons of the year, between 
the 23d of September and the 21st of December. 
In all climates, the Autumn or Fall is liable to 
disease; a combination of local and atmospheric 
causes being then present, favourable to its pro- 
duction. 
AUTUM'NAL; Autumna'lia, (F.) Automnal. 
Relating to Autumn; as Autumnal Fruits, Au- 
tumnal Fevers, <tc. 
Autumnal Fever, generally assumes a bilious 
aspect. Those of the intermittent kind are much 
more obstinate than when they appear in the 
spring. 
AUXESIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
AUXIL'IARY, Auxilia'ris, from auxilium, 
'aid.' (F.) Auxiliaire. That which assists, or 
from which assistance is obtained. 
Auxiliary Medicine is one which assists the 
principal medicine or basis. It is synonymous 
with Adjuvant. 
Auxiliary Muscles are those which concur 
in the same movement. Some anatomists have 
applied the term to several ligaments, as well as 
to the fleshy fibres, which hang from the sacro- 
spinalis muscle. 
AUXILIUM, Juvans, Medicament. 
AUXIS, Augmentation, Increase. 
AVA, Arva, Kava. An intoxicating narcotic 
drink, made by chewing the Piper methisticum. 
It is much used by the Polynesians. 
AVAILLES, WATERS OF. A small village 
in France, 13 leagues S. S. E. of Poitiers, at 
which there is a cold saline chalybeate. It con- 
tains chlorides of sodium and calcium, sulphate 
and subcarbonate of soda, iron, <tc. 
AVANT-BOUCHE, (F.) Os anti'cum. This 
name has been applied by some to the mouth, 
properly so called-in contradistinction to the 
Arriire bouche or Pharynx. 
A VAKT-BPAB, Fore-arm. 
AVANT-OCEUB, Scrobiculus cordis. 
AVANT-GOUT, (F.) Praguata'tio; a fore- 
taste; praegustation. 
118 
AVICULA CIPRIA 
AVANT-MAIN, (F.) Adver'sa Manug. The 
inside of the hand, when extended. 
AVANT-PIED, (F.) The most advanced 
part of the foot. 
AVANT-POIGNET, (F.) The anterior part 
of the wrist. 
A VELINE, Corylus avellana (nut). 
AVELLANA, Corylus avellana-a. Cathartica, 
Jatropha curcas. 
AVE'NA, Oats, Bromog. The seeds of Ave'na 
eati'va. Nat. Ord. Graminese. Sex. Syst. Tri- 
andria Digynia. (F.) Avoine. Oats are used as 
food for man, in some parts, particularly in the 
North of England and Scotland. When deprived 
of the husks they form Groatg. Reduced to 
meal, - Avena Fari'na, Oatmeal - they are ap- 
plied as cataplasms to promote suppuration. The 
dry meal is sprinkled over erysipelatous parts. 
Oatmeal gruel, Water gruel, is prepared as fol- 
lows :- Take of oatmeal 5ij; soft water Oiss. 
Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, 
in a moderate quantity of the water, pouring off 
the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, 
but whilst the milkiness continues; and repeat 
the operation until no more milkiness is commu- 
nicated to the water. Put the washings in a pan, 
after having stirred them well, in order to sus- 
pend any fecula, which may have subsided; and 
boil until a soft, thick, mucilage is formed. 
It is a good demulcent, and is used also as a 
vehicle for clysters. 
Avexa Excorticata, Groats. 
AVENAS FARINA, see Avena. 
AVENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Avenheim is three leagues from Strasburg : near 
it is an aperient mineral water. 
AVENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Avennes is a village in the department of He- 
rault in France: near it is a saline spring, the 
temperature of which rises to 84° Fahrenheit. 
AVENS, COMMON, Geum urbanum - a. 
Water, Geum rivale - a. White, Geum Virgini- 
anum. 
AVERICH, Sulphur. 
AVERRHO'A BILIM'BI, Bilim'bi, Bilimbing 
teres. An Indian tree, which has a fruit that is 
too acid to be eaten alone. It is used as a con- 
diment, and in the form of syrup as a refrige- 
rant. 
Averriio'a Caram'bola, called after Aver- 
rhoes; Malum Coen'se, Prunum stella'tum, Tam'- 
ara, Conga, Caram'bola. An Indian tree, whose 
fruits are agreeably acid. The bark, bruised, is 
employed as a cataplasm, and its fruit is used as 
a refrigerant in bilious fever and dysentery. 
AVER'SION, Aver'sio, Apot'rope; from arer- 
tere, (a and vertere) ' to turn from.' Extreme 
repugnance for any thing whatever. 
AVERSION, (F.)also means, in therapeutics, 
the action of medicines which turn the afflux of 
fluids from one organ, and direct them to others; 
being synonymous with counter-irritation, or 
rather revulsion or derivation. 
AVE R TIN, (F.) A disease of the mind, 
which, according to Lavoisien, renders the pa- 
tient obstinate and furious. 
AVEUGLE, Caecus. 
AV E U G L E M E N T, Csecitas - a. de Jour, 
Nyctalopia-a. de Nuit, Hemeralopia. 
AVICEN'NIA TOMENTO'SA, A. Africa'na 
seu resinif' era seu nit'ida, Bon'tia ger'minans, 
called after Avicenna. The plant which affords 
the Malac'ca Bean or Anacar'dium Orienta'le of 
the Pharmacopoeias, Semecar'pug Anacar'dium. 
The oil drawn from the bark of the fruit is a cor- 
rosive, and active vesicatory, but it is not used. 
AVICULA CIPRIA, Pastil-a. Margaritifera, A VO IN, Avena. 
AVORTEMENT, Abortion. 
AVORTER, to Abort. 
AVORTIN, Abortion. 
AVORTON, Abortion. 
AVULSIO, Arrachement. 
AVULSION, Evulsion. 
AX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ax is a 
small town in the department of Arritige, France; 
where there are several sulphurous springs, the 
temperature of which varies from 77° to 162° of 
Fahrenheit. 
AXE, Axis-a. de V (Eil, Axis of the eye. 
AX'EA COMMISSU'RA, Trochoi'des. A 
pivot-joint. See Trochoid. 
AXIL'LA, Ala, Ascel'la, Assel'la, Ascii'la, 
Acel'la, Cordie emuncto'rium, Male, Hypo'mi a, 
Eo'vea axilla'ris, Mas'chale, Mas'chalis, (F.) 
Aisselle. The cavity beneath the junction of 
the arm with the shoulder; the armpit; (F.) 
Oreux de V A inutile. It is bounded, anteriorly, 
by a portion of the pectoralis major; posteriorly, 
by the latissimus dorsi. It is covered with hair, 
contains much areolar membrane, lymphatic 
ganglions, important vessels and nerves, and 
numerous sebaceous follicles, furnishing an odor- 
o.us secretion. In consequence of such secretion, 
the ancients called it emuncto'rium cordis. 
AX'ILLARY, Maschaliae' us, (F.) Axillaire, 
from axilla, ' the armpit.' Belonging to the 
armpit 
Axillary Artery, Arte'ria axilla' ris ; a con- 
tinuation of the subclavian, extending from the 
passage of the latter between the sealeni muscles 
as far as the insertion of the pectoralis major, 
when it takes the name of Brachial. 
Axillary Glands are lymphatic glands seated 
in the armpit; into which the lymphatic glands 
of the upper extremity open. 
Axillary Nerve, Scap'ulo-hu'meral (Ch.), 
Nerf circonflexe, Artic'ular nerve; arises from the 
posterior part of the brachial plexus, particularly 
from the last two cervical pairs and the first 
dorsal. It is chiefly distributed to the posterior 
margin of the deltoid. 
Axillary Vein, Vena Axilla'ris, Vena Suba- 
la'ris. This vein corresponds with the artery; 
anterior to which it is situate. It is a continua- 
tion of the brachial veins ; and, at its termination, 
assumes the name Subclavian. 
AXINE, Ascia. 
AXIRNAC1I. An Arabic word, used by Al- 
bucasis to designate a fatty tumour of the upper 
eyelid, observed particularly in children. 
AXIS, Axon, (F.) Axe. A right line which 
passes through the centre of a body. 
Axis, Cerebro-Spinal, see Encephalon - a. 
of the Cochlea, Modiolus-a. Cylinder of Nerve, 
see Nerve fibre-a. Coeliac, Coeliac artery. 
Axis of the Eye, (F.) Axe de I'oeil, called 
also, Vis'ual Axis and Optic Axis, is a right line, 
which falls perpendicularly on the eye, and passes 
through the centre of the pupil. 
Axis, I Lem al, Aorta - a. Neural, see Ence- 
phalon. 
Axis, is also the second vertebra of the neck, 
Axon, Epistroph'eus, Epis'trophus, Maschalister : 
the Ver'tebra Denta'ta, (F.) Essien. So called, 
because it forms a kind of axis on which the head 
moves. Chaussier calls it Axoide, from 
' axis,' and eifoc, ' shape.' 
AXOIDE, Axis-a. Occipitale, Rectus capitis 
posticus major. 
AXOID'O-ATLOID'EUS. What refers to both 
the axis and atlas, as Axoido-atloidean articula- 
tion. 
The lesions of the Axoido-atloidean, are, 1. 
Fracture of the Proses'sue Denta'tus. 2. Rupture 
119 
AZYGOUS 
of the odontoid ligament, and consequently pas- 
sage and pressure of the process behind the trans- 
verse ligament: and, 3. The simultaneous rupture 
of the odontoid and transverse ligaments. These 
different accidents are fatal. 
AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEN, Obliouus inferior 
capitis. 
AXON, Axis. 
AXUNGE, Adeps praeparata. 
AXUNGIA, Pinguedo-a. Gadi, Oleum Jecoris 
Aselli - a. de Mumia, Marrow - a. Articularis, 
Synovia-a. Piscina Marina, Oleum Jecoris Aselli 
-a. Porcina, Adeps praeparata. 
AYPNIA, Insomnia. 
AZARNET, Orpiment. 
AZARUM, Asarum. 
AZEDARACH, Melia Azedarach. 
AZEDARACHA AMGSNA, Melia Azedarach. 
AZOODYNA'MIA, from a, priv., 'life,' 
and Svva/nc, 'strength.' Privation or diminution 
of the vital powers. 
AZO'RES, CLIMATE OF. The Azores or 
Western Islands are said to afford one of the best 
examples of a mild, humid, equable climate to 
be met with in the northern hemisphere. It is 
slightly colder and moister than that of Madeira, 
but even more equable. Sir James Clark thinks, 
that a change from the Azores to Madeira, and 
thence to Teneriffe-one of the Canaries-would 
prove more beneficial to the phthisical valetudi- 
narian than a residence during the whole winter 
in any one of those islands. 
AZOTATE D' ARGENT, Argenti nitras. 
A'ZOTE, Azo'turn, from a, priv., and 'life.' 
Ni'trogen, Al'caligene, Gas azo'ticum, Nitro- 
gen'ium, (F.) Azote, Nitrogene, Air gate, Air 
vide, is a gas which is unfit for respiration. It 
is not positively deleterious, but proves fatal, 
owing to the want of oxygen. It is one of the 
constituents of atmospheric air, and a distin- 
guishing principle of animals. Vegetables have 
it not generally diffused, whilst it is met with in 
most animal substances. It has been variously 
called, phlogistic air, vitiated, air, Ac.; has been 
looked upon as sedative, and recommended to be 
respired, when properly diluted, in diseases of 
the chest. 
Azote, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous ox ■ 
ide of. 
AZOTED, Nitrogenized. 
AZOTENESES, from azote, and voaot, 'dis- 
ease.' Diseases fancied to be occasioned by the 
predominance of azote in the body.-Baumcs. 
AZOTIZED, Nitrogenized. 
AZOTURIA, see Urine. 
AZUR, Coral, Smalt. 
AZU'RIUM. A compound of two parts of 
mercury, one-third of sulphur, and one-fourth of 
sal ammoniac. - Albertus Magnus. 
AZ'YGES, Az'ygos, Az'ygous, sine pari, from 
a, priv., and $uyoj, 'equal.' Unequal. The 
sphenoid bone, because it has no fellow. Also, a 
process, Proces'sus Az'yges, Rostrum spheno'ida'le, 
projecting from under the middle and forepart 
of this bone. 
AZYGOS GANGLION, see Trisplanchnio 
Nerve. 
AZYGOUS ARTICULAR ARTERY, see Ar- 
ticular arteries of the skull. 
Azygous Muscle, Azygos U'vula, is the small 
muscle which occupies the substance of the uvula. 
- Morgagni. The name is, however, inappro- 
priate, as there are two distinct fasciculi, placed 
along-side each other, forming the Pal'ato-sta- 
phyli'm, Staphyli'ni or Epistaphyli'ni muscles, 
Staphyli'ni me'dii of Winslow. 
Azygous Vein, Vena Azygos, Veine AZYMIA HUMORUM 
thoracique- (Ch.), Vena sine pari, Vena pari 
carens, (F.) Veine sans Paire. This vein was so 
called by Galen. It forms a communication be- 
tween the V. cava inferior and V. cava superior, 
permitting the blood to pass freely between the 
two. It rises from the vena cava inferior, or 
from one of the lumbar or renal veins, passes 
through the diaphragm, ascends along the spine 
to the right of the aorta and thoracic duct, and 
opens into the V. cava superior, where it pene- 
120 
BAIN 
trates the pericardium. On the left side, the 
semi-Az'ygos, Left bron'chwl or left superior in- 
tercostal vein, Vena demi-azygos, V. hemi-az'yga, 
Veine petite prtlombo-thoracique-(Ch.) presents, 
in miniature, nearly the same arrangement. 
AZYMIA HUMORUM, Crudity of the hu- 
mours. 
AZ'YMUS, from a, priv., and 'leaven.' 
Azymous bread is unfermented, unleavened bread. 
-Galen. 
B. 
BABEURRE, Buttermilk. 
BABILLEMENT, Loquacity. 
BABUZICARIUS, Incubus. 
B AC'AR IS, Bach' aris. A name given by the 
ancients to an ointment, described by Galen 
under the name Ointment of Lydia. It was 
sometimes employed in diseases of the womb.- 
Hippocrates. 
BACCJE BERMUDENSES, Sapindus sapo- 
naria-b. seu Grana actes, see Sambucus ebulus 
-b. Jujubae, Jujube-b. Myrtillorum, see Vacci- 
nium myrtillus-b. Norlandicae, Rubus arcticus 
-b. Piperis Glabri, see Piper Cubeba-b. Pisca- 
toriae, see Menispermum cocculus - b. Zizyphi, 
see Jujube. 
BACCAR, Bac'caris, Bac'charis. An herb 
used by the ancients in their garlands, to destroy 
enchantment. Perhaps, the Digitalis purpurea. 
Some authors have erroneously thought it to be 
the Asarum. 
BACCHARIS, Baccar. 
BACCHI'A, from Bacchus, 'wine.* A name 
applied to the red or pimpled face of the drunkard. 
See Gutta rosea. 
BACCHICA, Hedera helix. 
BACHARIS, Bacaris. 
BACHELOR'S BUTTONS, see Strychnos nux 
vomica. 
BACKER'S TONIC PILLS, Pilulae ex Helle- 
bore et Myrrhci. 
BACILE, Crithmum maritimum. 
BACIL'LUM, Bacillus, Bac'ulus, Bac'cuius: 
' a stick.' This name has been applied to a kind 
of troch, composed of expectorants, and having 
the shape of a stick. Also, a suppository. Bacil- 
lum was used by the ancient chemists for several 
instruments of iron. 
BACK-ACK ROOT, Liatris. 
BACKSTROKE OF THE HEART, Impulse, 
diastolic. 
BACOVE, Musa sapientum. 
BACTYRILOBIUM FISTULA, Cassia fistula. 
BACULUS, Bacillum. 
BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baden 
is a town six miles from Vienna. Here are 12 
springs, containing carbonates of lime and mag- 
nesia; sulphates of lime, and magnesia, and 
soda; and chlorides of sodium and aluminum. 
The water is used in diseases of the skin, rheu- 
matism, <tc. There are two other towns of the 
same name; one in Suabia, and the other in 
Switzerland, about 12 miles from Zurich, where 
are mineral springs. The waters of the last two 
are thermal sulphureous. 
BADEN-BADEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Celebrated thermal springs, situate about a league 
from the high road to Basle and Frankfort. Their 
temperature varies from 130° to 154° Fahrenheit. 
BADER, Bather. 
BADIAGA. A kind of sponge, sold in Russia, 
the powder of which is said to take away the livid 
marks from blows and bruises in a few hours. 
Its nature is not understood. 
BADIANE, Illicium anisatum. 
BADISIS, Walking. 
BADUKKA, Capparis badukka. 
BAG, BUSTING, see Dusting-bag. 
BAGEDIA, Pound. 
BAGNERES-ADOUR, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Bagneres-Adour is a small town in the 
department of Hantes Pyrenees, having a great 
number of mineral springs; some, cold chaly- 
beates; others, thermal salines; but the greatest 
part sulphureous and warm. 
BAGNERES DU LUCHON is a small town 
in the department of Haute Garonne, on the 
frontiers of Spain. It has been for a long time 
famous for its numerous sulphureous springs, 
the temperature of which is from 69° to 148° of 
Fahrenheit. 
BAGNIGGE WELLS. A saline mineral 
spring in London, resembling the Epsom. 
BAGNIO, Baignoire. 
BAGNOLES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Bagnoles is a village in the department of Orne. 
The water resembles that of Bagneres de Luchon. 
BAGNOLS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bag- 
nols is a village, two leagues from Mende, in the 
department of LozSre. The waters are hydro- 
sulphurous and thermal: 109° Fahrenheit. 
BAGOAS, Castratus. 
BAGUENAUDIER, Colutea arborescens. 
BAHA'MA ISLANDS, CLIMATE OF. The 
climate of the Bahamas is not considered to be 
well adapted for consumptive patients, on ac- 
count of the rapid alternations of temperature, 
and the prevalence of winds, often of a dry, cold 
character. Still, the phthisical valetudinarians 
from most portions of the United States might 
derive advantage from a residence there during 
the winter months. The accommodations are 
not, however, good, or numerous. 
BAIIEL, CbZum'nea longifo'lia. A labiated 
plant of Malabar, whose leaves, bruised, are ap- 
plied as cataplasms to suppurating tumours. 
Bahel Schulli, Genista spinosa Indica. 
BAIGNEUR, Bather. 
BAIGNOIRE (F.), Baptiste'rium, a Bathing 
tub, Bagnio, So'lium, Pieci'na. The vessel or 
place in which bathing is performed. Baignoire 
oculaire, an eye-bath,-a small vessel for bathing 
the eyes. 
BAILLEMENT, Yawning. 
BAILLON, Speculum oris. 
BAIN, Bath - b. Ohaud, Bath, hot-b. Elec- 
trique, Bath, electric, see Electricity-b. Entier, 
Bath, general - b. de Fauteuil, Bath, hip - b. 
Frais, Bath, tepid-b. Froid, Bath, cold-b. Ma- 
rie, Bath, water-b. Medicinal, Bath, medicated 
-b. de Pied, Bath, foot, Pediluvium - b. de Sa- 
ble, Bath, sand-b. de Siige, Bath, hip-b. Tem- 
pere, Bath, tepid, B. Temperate - b. de Tite, BAINS 
BAINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
are situate at Plombieres, department of the 
Vosges. They are said to be saline and thermal 
by some; others deny them any medical pro- 
perties. 
BALAMPULLI, Tamarindus. 
BALANCE, AREOSTATIC, Areometer. 
BAL'ANCEMENT, Oompensa'tion, from (F.) 
balance, ' a balance,' itself from bis, ' twice,' and 
Ians, ' a dish.' A law of teratogeny, as main- 
tained by Geoffroy St. Hilaire, by which exube- 
rance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to 
involve, to a greater or less extent, the total or 
partial atrophy of some other,-and conversely. 
BALANDA, Fagus Sylvatica. 
BALANEUM, Bath. 
BALANISMUS, Suppository. 
BALANITIS, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
BALAN0BLENN0RR1ICEA, Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 
BALANOCASTANUM, Bunium Bulbocasta- 
num. 
BALANORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
BA'LANUS, ffaXavos, 'glans,' 'an acorn.' The 
glans penis. Hence, Balanoblennorrhce'a, Blen- 
norrhoea of the glans; and Balani'tis, Inflamma- 
tion of the glans. Suppositories and pessaries 
were called Bal'ani. 
Balanos Phcenicos, Date. 
Balanus, Glans, Suppository-b. Myrepsica, 
Guilandina moringa. 
BALARUC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- 
laruc is a town in the department of Herault, 
in France. The waters are saline and thermal. 
They contain carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, 
carbonate of magnesia, chlorides of sodium, cal- 
cium, and magnesium, sulphate of lime, and a 
little iron. They are considered tonic, and are 
largely used. Their temperature is about 118° 
Fahrenheit. 
Balaruc Water, Factitious, (F.) Eau de 
Balaruc; Aqua Belliluca'na is made of simple 
acidulons water (containing twice its bulk of car- 
bonic acid) chloride of sodium, ; 
chloride of calcium, gr. xviij ; chloride of mag- 
nesium, gr. Ivi; carbonate of magnesia, gr. j. 
BALATRO, Bambalio. 
BALAUSTINE FLOWERS, see Punica gra- 
natum. 
BALBIS, 'a foundation.* Any oblong 
cavity. - Galen. Hippocrates, in his treatise on 
the joints, gives the name Balbito'des to the ole- 
cranon cavity of the humerus. 
BALBUS, (F.) Bigue. One habitually affected 
with stammering. A stammerer. 
BALBU'TIES, Psellis'mus, Psel'lotes, Blce'- 
sitas, Baryglos'sia, Dysla'lia, Mogila'lia, Ischo- 
pho'nia, Battaris'mus, Bamba'lia, Hossita'tio, 
Loque'la blce'sa, (F.) Balbutiement, Bfgaiement. 
Stammering, St. Vitus's Dance of the Voice. 
Also, vicious and incomplete pronunciation, in 
which almost all the consonants are replaced by 
the letters B and L; Traulis'mus. 
BALCHUS, Bdellium. 
BALD, Athrix. 
BALDMONEY, ASthusa meum. 
BALDNESS, Alopecia, Calvities-b. Limited, 
Porrigo decalvans-b. Partial, Porrigo decalvans. 
BALENAS, Leviathan penis. 
BALIMBAGO, Hibiscus populeus. 
BALINEATOR, Bather. 
BALINEUM, Bath. 
BALL, Pila. 
BALLISMUS, Chorea. 
BALLISTA, Astragalus. 
BALLON, Receiver. 
BALLONNEMENT, Tympanites. 
BALLO'TA FtE'TIDA, ~B. vulga'ris sen nigra, 
121 
BALSAM 
Marru'bium nigrum, Black Horehound, Stinking 
H., (F .) Marrube noir. This plant is esteemed 
to be antispasmodic, resolvent, and detersive. (?) 
BALLOTA Lana'ta, Leonu'rus lana'tus. A 
plant of the Nat. Family, Labiatae, Sex. Syst. 
Didynamia Gymnospermia, which grows in Si- 
beria. The whole plant, with the exception of 
the root, has been recommended in dropsy, and 
in rheumatism and gout, as a diuretic. It is 
usually given in decoction to to 
of water.) 
BALLOTTEMENT, (F.) Agita'tion, Succus'- 
sion, Mouvement de Ballottement, Repercvs'eion, 
means the motion impressed on the foetus in 
utero, by alternately pressing the uterus by 
means of the index finger of one hand introduced 
into the vagina; the other hand being applied 
on the abdomen. It is one of the least equivocal 
signs of pregnancy. 
BALLSTON SPA. This village is situate in 
Saratoga County, New York. The spring Sans 
Souci belongs to the class of Acidulous Chaly- 
beates. It contains iodide of sodium. There is 
also a sulphur spring. 
BALM, Melissa - b. Apple, Momordica bal- 
samina-b. Bastard, Melitis Melissophyllum-b. 
of Gilead, Solomon's, see Tinctura cardamomi- 
b. of Gilead, Poplar, Populus can dicans - b. of 
Gilead tree, Dracocephalum Canariense - b. In- 
dian, Trillium latifolium-b. Mountain, Monarda 
coccinea-b. Red, Monarda coccinea-b. Stink- 
ing, Hedeoma. 
BALM ON Y, Chelone glabra. 
BALNEA CCENOSA, Boue dee eaux. 
BALNEARIUM, Hypocaustum. 
BALNEARIES, Bather. 
BALNEATOR, Bather. 
B A LN E OG'RAPHY, Balneograph'ia, from 
(iaXavtiov, ' a bath,' and ypatpn, ' a description.' 
A description of baths. 
BALNEOL'OGY, Balneolog"ia, from 
vtiov, 'a, bath,' and Xoyoj, 'a description.' A 
treatise on baths. 
B A L N E 0 TIIE R A PI'A, from (iaXaveiov, 'a 
bath,' and dcparrua, 'treatment.' Treatment of 
disease by baths. 
BALNEUM, Bath--b. Acidum, Bath, acid - 
b. Alkalinum, Bath, alkaline-b. Animale, Bath, 
animal - b. Antipsoricum, Bath, antipsoric - b. 
Anti-syphiliticum, Bath, antisyphilitic - b. Are- 
nae, Bath, sand-b. Gelatinosum, Bath, gelatinouj 
- b. Marias, Bath, water - b. Medicatum, Bath, 
medicated-b. Sulphuris, Bath, sulphur. 
BALSAM, Bal'samum, Bol'eeon, Bcl'eeon, (F.) 
Baume. This name is given to natural vegetable 
substances, concrete or liquid, but very odorous, 
bitter, and piquant: composed of resin, benzoic 
acid, and sometimes of an essential oil; - which 
allow benzoic acid to be disengaged by the action 
of heat; readily dissolved in volatile oil, alcohol, 
and ether; and, when treated with alkalies, afford 
a soluble benzoate, and throw down resin. Wo 
know of only five balsams:-those of Peru, and 
Tolu, Benzoin, solid Styrax or Storax, and liquid 
Styrax. (See those different words.) There are, 
however, many pharmaceutical preparations and 
resinous substances, possessed of a balsamic 
smell, to which the name balsam has been given; 
but they differ essentially in composition and 
properties : hence the distinction of balsams into 
natural and artificial. The natural balsams in 
elude the five before mentioned; the artificial 
the remainder. 
Balsam, Acous'tic, Bal'samum Acous'ticum, 
(F.) Baume acoustique. A mixture of fixed and 
essential oils, sulphur, and tinctures of f°tid 
gums. Used in cases of atonic deafness, dropped 
into the ear. The acoustic balsam of Dr. Hugh BALSAM, AMERICAN 
Bath, head-b. Tilde, Bath, tepid-b. Tree froid, 
Bath, cold-b. de Vapeur, Bath, vapour. 
Smith is made by mixing three drachms of ox- 
gall with one drachm of balsam of Peru. 
Balsam, American, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
- b. Anodyne, Bates's Linimentum saponis et 
opii. 
Balsam, Apoplec'tic, Bal' samum, Apoplec'- 
ticum, (F.) Baume apoplectique. A medicine 
composed of several balsams properly so called, 
resins, and volatile oils. It is of a stiff consist- 
ence, is worn in ivory boxes about the person, 
and is smelled at in headachs, Ac. 
Balsam Apple, Momordica balsamina. 
Balsam of Arcce'us, Bal'samum Arcai, Un- 
guen'tum El'emi, (F.) Baume d'Arcoeus. A soft 
ointment; sometimes employed in wounds, ul- 
cers, Ac. It is made by melting, with a gentle 
heat, two parts of mutton suet, one of lard, one 
and a half of turpentine, and as much resin. 
Balsam, Canada, see Pinus balsamea-b. Ca- 
nary, Dracocephalum Canariense - b. Capivi, 
Copaiba. 
Balsam of Carpa'thia, Bal'samum Carpath' - 
icum, (F.) Baume de Carpathie. The resin of 
the Pinus Cembra, a tree, which grows in Swit- 
zerland, Libya, and the Krapac mountains in 
Hungary. 
Balsam, Chalyb'eate, Bal'samum Chalybea'- 
tum, (F.) Baume d'acier ou d'aiguilles. A mix- 
ture of nitrate of iron, alcohol, and oil, prepared 
by dissolving needles in nitric acid. It was for- 
merly employed in frictions in pains of the joints. 
Balsam, Commander's, Tinctura benzoini eom- 
posita-b. for Cuts, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
Balsam, Cordial, of Senner'tus, Bal'samum 
Cordia'le Senner'ti, (F.) Baume cordiale de Sen- 
nert. A stimulant medicine, composed of the 
essential oils of citron, cloves, and cinnamon, of 
musk, and ambergris. Dose, 6 to 15 drops. 
Balsam of Fierabras. A celebrated Spanish 
vulnerary balsam, mentioned by Cervantes ; the 
composition of which was oil, rosemary, salt and 
wine. (?) 
Balsam, Spir'ituous, of Fioraventi, Bal'- 
samum Fioraven'ti spirituo'sum, (F.) Baume de 
Fioraventi spiritueux. Different products of the 
distillation of resinous and balsamic substances, 
and of a number of aromatic substances, pre- 
viously macerated in alcohol, have been thus 
called. The Spirituous Balsam of Fioraventi, 
the only one now used in friction, in chronic 
rheumatism, is the first product of the distillation 
from a sand-bath. It is entirely alcoholic. The 
Oily Balsam of Fioraventi is obtained by re- 
moving the residue, and distilling it in an iron 
vessel, at a white heat. It has the appearance 
of a citrine-coloured oil. The Black Balsam of 
Fioraventi is the black oil, obtained when the 
temperature is sufficient to carbonize the sub- 
stances in the cucurbit. 
Balsam of Fir, see Pinus balsamea. 
Balsam of Fourcroy or of Laborde, (F.) 
Baume de Fourcroy ou de Laborde. A kind of 
liniment composed of aromatic plants, balsams, 
resins, aloes, turpentine, theriac, and olive oil. 
Used in chaps of the skin and nipples. 
Balsam, Friar's, Tinctura benzoini composita. 
Balsam of Genevieve, (F.) Baume de Gene- 
vieve. An ointment composed of wax, turpen- 
tine, oil, red saunders, and camphor. Used in 
contused wounds, gangrene, <tc. 
Balsam of Honey (Hill's.) A tincture made 
of tolu, honey (aa tbj) and spirit, (a gallon.) A 
pectoral, used in coughs. The committee of the 
New York College of Pharmacy recommend the 
following formula:-(Gum. Benzoin, £v, Bals. 
Tolut. Meilis 3viij, Alcohol. Oiij - digest for 
10 days and filter.) See Mel. 
122 
BALSAM, PERUVIAN 
-- 
Balsam of Horehound (Ford's.) A tincture 
of horehound, liquorice-root, camphor, opium, 
benzoin, dried squills, oil of aniseed, and honey. 
It has the same properties as the above. See 
Marrubium. 
Balsam, Hungarian, see Pinus mughos. 
Balsam, Hypnot'ic, Bal' samum Hypnot'icum, 
(F.) Baume Hypnotique. A preparation of which 
opium, hyoscyamus, camphor, and some other 
sedative substances form the basis. It is used 
externally in friction, to provoke sleep. 
Balsam, Hyster'ic, Bal'samum Hyster'icum, 
(F.) Baume Hysterique. A preparation made of 
opium, aloes, asafoetida, castor, distilled oils of 
rue, amber, <tc. It is held to the nose, applied 
to the navel, or rubbed on the hypogastrium in 
hysterical cases. 
Balsam, Indian, see Myroxylon peruiferum. 
Balsam op Leictoure of Condom or Vince- 
Guere, Bal'samum Lectoren'se. A strongly sti- 
mulant and aromatic mixture of camphor, saffron, 
musk, and ambergris, dissolved in essential oils. 
The ancients burnt it for the purpose of purifying 
the air of a chamber, when infected with a disa- 
greeable odour. 
Balsam of Life of IIoff'man, Bal'samum 
Vitee Hoffman'ni, (F.) Baume de Vie d'Hoffman. 
A tincture, composed of essential oils and amber- 
gris, employed internally and externally as a 
stimulant. A mixture of essential oils without 
alcohol constitutes the Saxon Balsam, Bal'samum 
apoplec'ticum, B. aromat'icum, B. cephal'icum, B. 
Saxon'icum, B. nervi'num, B. Scherzeri, B. Sto- 
mach'icum. Employed in friction as a stimulant. 
Balsam of Life, Decoctum aloes compositum 
-b. of Life, Turlington's, see Tinctura benzoini 
composita. 
Balsam of Locatel'li or Lucatel'li, Bal'- 
samum Lucatel'li, (F.) Baume de Lucatel. A sort 
of ointment, composed of wax, oil, turpentine, 
sherry, and balsam of Peru, coloured with red 
saunders. It was once administered in pulmo- 
nary consumption. 
Balsam of Mecca, see Amyris opobalsamum 
- b. Mexican, see Myroxylon Peruiferum - b. 
Natural, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
Balsam, Green, of Metz, Bal'samum Vir'ide 
Meten'sium, Bal'samum Vir'ide, (F.) Baume vert 
de J/etz, Baume de Feuillet, Huile verte, O'leum 
ox'ydi cupri vir'ide. This is composed of several 
fixed oils, holding, in solution, subcarbonate of 
copper, sulphate of zinc, turpentine, aloes, and 
the essential oils of cloves and juniper. It is 
green and caustic, and is employed to hasten the 
cicatrization of atonic ulcers, 
Balsam, Nephrit'ic, of Fuller, Bal'samum 
Nephret'icum Fulleri. A liquid medicine, com- 
posed of oils, resins, and balsams, which have 
experienced an incipient state of carbonization 
from concentrated, sulphuric acid. It was given 
in the dose of 15 to 30 drops in certain affections 
of the kidneys. 
Balsam, Nervous, Bal'samum Nervi'num, 
(F.) Baume nervin ou nerval. A kind of ointment, 
composed of fatty bodies, volatile oils, balsam of 
Peru, camphor, Ac. It is employed in friction 
in cases of sprains and rheumatic pains. 
Balsam, Paralyt'ic, of Mynsicht. A sort 
of liniment or soft mixture of the essential oils 
of different aromatic plants, oils of turpentine 
and amber.-Lemery. 
Balsam of Parei'ra brava, Bal'samum Pa- 
rei'rce bravce. A soft mixture of balsam, resin, 
muriate of ammonia, and powder of the root of 
Pareira brava. It is given internally, to excite 
the urinary secretion. 
Balsam, Peruvian, see Myroxylon Peruife- 
rum-b. of Peru, red, see Toluifera balsamum- 
b. of Peru, white, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE 
- 
Balsam of Rackasi'ra or of Rakasi'ri. This 
substance is of a yellowish-brown colour; semi- 
transparent; fragile, when dry, but softening by 
heat; adhering to the teeth, when chewed. It 
has a smell similar to that of the Balsam of Tolu, 
and is slightly bitter. It is brought from India 
in gourd shells, and has been employed in dis- 
eases of the urinary and genital organs, especially 
in gonorrhoea. 
Balsam, Riga. Prepared from the shoots of 
the Scotch Fir, macerated in spirit of wine. In- 
ternally, stimulant and diuretic; externally, a 
vulnerary. See Pinus Cembra. 
Balsam of Saturn, Bal'samum Satur'ni. A 
solution of acetate of lead in spirit of turpentine, 
concentrated by evaporation ; to which camphor 
has been added. This balsam was applied to 
hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
Balsam of the Samar'itan, (F.) Batime du 
Samaritain. A sort of liniment, prepared by 
boiling together, at a gentle heat, equal parts of 
wine and oil. It is said to have been the oint- 
ment used by the Samaritan of the Gospel to 
cure a patient covered with ulcers. 
Balsam, Saxon, Balsam of Life of Hoffmann. 
Balsam of Sulphur, Bal'samum Sul'phuris, 
(F.) Baume de Sotifre. A solution of sulphur in 
oil.-B. sulph. anisa'tum, (F.) B. de Soufre anise. 
A solution of sulphur in essential oil of aniseed; 
given as a carminative. - B. Sulph. succina'tum, 
(F.) B. de Soufre succine. A solution of sulphur 
in oil of amber. - B. Sulphuris terebinthina'tum, 
Common Dutch Drops, (F.) B. de soufre terebin- 
thine. A solution of sulphur in essential oil of 
turpentine, administered as a diuretic.-The Bal- 
sam of Sulphur of Ruland is a solution of sulphur 
in linseed oil or nut oil. 
Balsam of Sym'pathy, Balsamum Sympath'- 
icuiu, (F.) Baume de Sympathie. A balsam, used 
in the days when sympathetic influence was 
strongly believed in. It was composed of the 
raspings of a human skull, blood, and human fat, 
and was applied to the instrument which had 
inflicted the wound. 
Balsam, Thibaut's. A tincture of myrrh, 
aloes, dragon's blood, flowers of St. John's wort, 
and Chio turpentine. Internally, diuretic; exter- 
nally, vulnerary. 
Balsam of Tolu, see Toluifera Balsamum. 
Balsam, Tranquil, Bal'samum tranquil'him 
seu tranquil'Ians, (F.) B. tranquille. A liquid 
medicine employed, externally, in the shape of 
friction : it is prepared by macerating and boil- 
ing, in olive oil, narcotic and poisonous plants,- 
belladonna, mandragora, hyoscyamus, Ac.-and 
afterwards infusing, in the filtered decoction, 
different aromatic plants. It was employed as 
an anodyne. 
Balsam, Turkey, Dracocephalum Canariense. 
Balsam of Tur'pentine, Dutch Drops, Bal'- 
samum Terebin'thince. Obtained by distilling 
oil of turpentine in a glass retort, until a red 
balsam is left. It possesses the properties of the 
turpentines. 
Balsam, Vervain's, Tinctura Benzoini com- 
posita. 
Balsam, Vul'nerary, of Mindere'rus, Bal'- 
samum vulnera'rium Mindere'ri, (F.) B. vulnt- 
raire de Mindbrer. A kind of liniment, com- 
posed of turpentine, resin elemi, oil of St John's 
wort, and wax. Employed in friction, and as a 
dressing to wounds. 
Balsam Weed, Impatiens fulva - b. Wound, 
Tinctura Benzoini composita. 
BALSAMADENDRON GILEADENSE, 
Amyris Gileadensis - b. Myrrha, see Myrrha. 
BALSAMARIA INOPHYLLUM. see Fagara 
octandra. 
123 
BAMBOO 
BALSAMELJEON, Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
BALSAM'IC, Balsam'icus, from 
'balsam.' Possessing the qualities of balsams. 
Balsamic odour: - a sweet, faint, and slightly 
nauseous smell. Balsamic substance : - one re- 
sembling the balsams in property. 
BALSAMIER ELEMIFERE, Amyris elemi- 
fera - ft. de la Mecque, Amyris opobalsamum. 
BALSAMINA, Momordica balsamina. 
BALSAMINE, Momordica balsamina. 
BALSAMITA FCEMINEA, Achillea ageratum 
-b. Major, Tanacetum balsamita-b. Mas, Ta- 
nacetum balsamita. 
Balsami'ta Suav'eolens, B. odora'ta, B. ma- 
rls, Mentha Saracen'ica, M. Roma'na. Fam. 
Composite Corymbiferae. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
Polygamia superflua. A plant, common in the 
south of France, and cultivated in the gardens; 
where it bears the names Menthecoq, Grand 
baume, Baume des Jardins. Its smell is strong 
and aromatic, and taste hot. It is used for the 
same purposes as tansey, i. e. as a stimulant, ver- 
mifuge, <fcc. 
Balsamita Suaveolens, Tanacetum balsa- 
mita-b. Vulgaris, Tanacetum balsamita. 
BALSAMO-SACCHARUM, Elteo-Saceharum. 
BALSAMUM, see Balsam, Amyris opobalsa- 
mum-b. jEgyptiacuin, see Amyris opobalsamum 
b. Album, see Myroxylon Peruiferum-b. Alpini, 
Dracocephalum Canariense-b. Alpini, see Amy- 
ris opobalsamum - b. Anodynum, Linimentum 
saponis et opii-b. Apoplecticum, Balsam of life 
of Hoffmann - b. Aromaticum, Balsam of life of 
Hoffmann - b. Asiaticum, see Amyris opobalsa- 
mum-b. Braziliense, Copaiba - b. Calaba, see 
Fagara octandra - b. Canadense, see Pinus bal- 
samea - b. Catholicum, Tinctura benzoini com- 
posita - b. Cephalicum, Balsam of life of Hoff- 
mann-b. Copaibse, Copaiba-b. Genuinum anti- 
quorum, see Amyris opobalsamum - b. Hyperici 
simplex, see Hypericum perforatum - b. Judai- 
cum, see Amyris opobalsamum - b. Libani, see 
Pinus cembra-b. Marias, see Fagara octandra- 
b. e MeecS,, see Amyris opobalsamum - b. Mer- 
curiale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis-b. Ner- 
vinum, Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b. Opodel- 
doc, Linimentum saponis camphoratum-b. Oph- 
thalmicum rubrum, Unguentum hydrargyri ni- 
trico-oxydi-b. Persicum, Tinctura benzoini com- 
posita-b. Peruanum, see Myroxylon Peruiferum 
b. Saturninum, Unguentum plumbi superacetatis 
- b. Scherzeri, Balsam of life of Hoffmann - b. 
Stomachicum, Balsam of life of Hoffmannb. 
Styracis, Styrax-b. Styracis benzoini, Benjamin 
b. Succini, see Succinum - b. Sulphuris Barba- 
dense, Petroleum sulphuratum - b. Sulphuris 
simplex, Oleum sulphuratum - b. Syriacum, see 
Amyris opobalsamum - b. Tolutanum, see Tolu- 
ifera balsamum- b. Tranquillans seu Tranquil- 
lum, Balsam, tranquil-b. Traumaticum, Tinctura 
benzoini composita - b. Universale, Unguentum 
plumbi superacetatis - b. Viride, Balsam, green, 
of Metz ; see Fagara octandra. 
BALSAMU8 PALUSTRIS, Mentha aquatica. 
BALSEM, Amyris opobalsamum. 
BAMBA, Bamboo. 
BAMBALIA, Balbuties. 
BAMBA'LIO, Bam'balo, Bala'tro, from fiaii- 
0aivu, ' I speak inarticulately.' One who stam- 
mers or lisps, or utters inarticulate sounds. Ac- 
cording to Krause, one who speaks as if he had 
pap in his mouth, or as if the tongue were para- 
lyzed. 
.BAMBOO, (F.) Bambou, Bambu. Fam. Gra- 
mineae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria MonogynL.. The 
young shoots of Bambos arundina'cea, Arun'do 
bambos, Bambu'sa arundina'oea, and of Bambos 
verticilla'ta, contain a saccharine pith, of which B AMBOS 
-- 
the people of both the Indies are very fond. 
They are sometimes made into a pickle. 
BAMBOS ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo -b. 
Verticillata, Bamboo. 
BAMBUSA ARUNDINACEA, Bamboo. 
BAMIX MOSCHATA, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
BAMMA, from (Juirrw, 'I plunge,' 'a paint; a 
dye.' Anciently, liquids were so called, in which 
certain bodies were plunged, to moisten or soften 
them. In the case of tea, for instance, into which 
bread is dipped, the tea would be the bamma. 
BANANA, Musa sapientum. 
BANANIER, Musa sapientum. 
BANAUSIA, Charlatanry. 
BANC D'HIPPOCRATE, Bathron. 
BANCAL, (F.) One who has deformed legs. 
It includes the valgus, compernis, and varus, 
which see. 
BANCROCHE, (F.) A vulgar epithet for a 
rickety individual. 
BAND, PRIMITIVE, see Nerve Fibre. 
BAN'DAGE, Desma, Syndes'mus, Hypodes' 
mis, Hypodesma, Hypodes'mus, (the last three 
signify properly an under bandage.) A binder, 
from Sax. bindan, 'to bind.' This word, with 
the French, is generally used to express the me- 
thodical application of rollers, compresses, <fcc., 
Ban'daging, Sy n' desis, to fix an apparatus upon 
any part,-corresponding to the words deliga'tio, 
fascia'tio, fascia'rum applica'tio, epid'esis. With 
us the noun is usually applied to the result of the 
application, or to the bandage itself;-a sense in 
which the French employ the word Bande. 
dages are simple or compound. The simple ban- 
dage is equal, if the turns are applied circularly 
above each other; unequal, if the turns are not 
accurately applied upon each other. If each turn 
of the bandage be only covered one-third, it 
forms the doloire of the French; if the edges 
touch only slightly, it is the mousst; if the turns 
are very oblique and separated, it is the spiral 
or creeping, (F.) rampant; if folded upon each 
other, it is termed the reversed, (F.) renverse. 
By uniting various kinds of bandaging, we have 
the compound; and these compound bandages 
have received various names expressive of their 
figure, or of the parts to which they are applied, 
as capistrum, spica, <tc. Bandages are divided, 
also, as regards their uses, into uniting, dividing, 
retaining, expelling, compressing, &c. 
Bandage or Roller, Fas'cia, Tce'nia, Epi- 
des'mos, Vin'culum, the Bande of the French, is 
derived from (G.) bin den, 'to bind.' It may 
be made of linen, flannel, or other stuff capable 
of offering a certain resistance. The two extre- 
mities of a bandage are called tails, (F.) chefs, 
and the rolled part is termed its head, (Y.) globe. 
If rolled at both extremities, it is called a double- 
headed roller or bandage, (F.) Bande d deux 
globes. 
Bandage, Body, Manti'le, (F.) Bandage de 
Corps, is used for fixing dressings, <tc., to the 
trunk. It is formed of a towel, napkin, or some 
large compress, folded three or four times; the 
extremities of which are fastened by pins. This 
is again fixed by means of the scapulary bandage, 
which is nothing more than an ordinary ban- 
dage, stitched to the anterior and middle part 
of the napkin, passing over the clavicles and 
behind the head, to be attached to the back part 
of the napkin. 
Bandage, Compressing, or Roller, Fascia 
compressi'va seu convolu'ta, (F.) Bandage com- 
pressive ou route, is the simple roller with one 
head; and is employed in cases of ulcers, varices, 
Ac., of the limbs. Whenever this roller is applied 
to the lower part of the limbs, it is carried up- 
124 
BANDELETTE 
wards by the doloire and reversed methods above 
described. 
BANDAGE DIVISIF, Dividing bandage - 
6. en Doloire, Doloire. 
Bandage, Eighteen-tailed, Fas'eia octod'- 
ecim capit'ibus, (F.) Bandage ci dix huit chefs. 
This bandage is made of a longitudinal portion 
of a common roller; and with a sufficient num- 
ber of transverse pieces or tails, to cover as much 
of the part as is requisite. It is a very useful 
bandage, inasmuch as it can be undone without 
disturbing the part. 
Bandage, Galen's, B. for the Poor, Fas'eia 
Gale'ni seu Pau'perum, (F.) Bandage de Galien 
ou des Palivres, Ga'lea, is a kind of cucullus or 
hood, (F.) Oouvrechef, divided into three parts 
on each side; of which Galen has given a de- 
scription. See Cancer, Galeni. 
Bandage, Hernial, see Truss - b. Immo- 
vable, Apparatus, immovable. 
Bandage, In'guinal, Fas'eia inguina'lis. A 
bandage for keeping dressings applied to the 
groin. It consists of a cincture, to which is at- 
tached a triangular compress, adapted for cover- 
ing the groin. To the lower extremity of this, 
one or two bandages are attached, which pass 
under the thigh, and are fixed to the posterior 
part of the cincture. This bandage may be either 
simple or double. 
Other bandages will be found described under 
their various names. 
Bandage, Permanent, Apparatus, immovable 
-b. of the Poor, see Cancer Galeni; and Band- 
age, Galen's. 
Bandage of separate Strips, or B. of Scul- 
te'tus, Fas'eia fasci'olis separa'tim dispos'itis seu 
Sculte'ti, (F.) Bandage d bandelettes separees ou 
de Scultet. This is formed of linen strips, each 
capable of surrounding once and a half the part 
to which they have to be applied, and placed 
upon each other, so as to cover successively one- 
third of their width. It is used chiefly for frac- 
tures, requiring frequent dressing. 
Bandage, Under, Hypodesmis-b. Unissant, 
Uniting bandage. 
BANDAGING, see Bandage-b. Doctrine of, 
Desmaturgia. 
BAN'DAGIST. One whose business it is to 
make bandages, and especially those for hernia. 
BANDE, Bandage. The word Bande, in 
anatomy, is used by the French for various nar- 
row, flat, and elongated expansions. Bande 
d'Heliodore, is a kind of bandage for supporting 
the mammas. 
BANDEAU, (F.) A kind of simple bandage, 
which consists of a piece of cloth, folded four 
times, and applied round the head. There is 
also the Bandeau ou Mouchoir en triangle or 
triangular bandage, a kind of couvrechef, made 
of a square piece of cloth, or of a handkerchief, 
folded diagonally, and applied round the head. 
BANDELETTE, (F.) Diminutive of Bande, 
Fasciola, Tceniola, Vitta; a narrow bandage, 
strip, or fillet. Also Taenia semicircularis. 
BANDELETTES AGGLUTINATIVES, 
small strips, covered with a glutinous plaster. 
Vitta agglutinan'tes. See Agglutinant 
BANDELETTES DEOOUPEES, are strips 
of linen, notched on one edge, and covered, on 
one side, with ointment. They are applied to 
wounds to prevent the lint from sticking, and the 
laceration of the cicatrix. 
BANDELETTE SEMICIRGULAIRE, Tse- 
nia semicircularis-b. des Gomes d'ammon, Corpus 
fimbriatum-b. des Eminences pyriformes, Taenia 
semicircularis-b. de I'Hippocampe, Corpora fim- BANDURA 
BANDURA, Nepentha destillatoria. 
BANDY-LEGGED, Cnemoscoliosis. 
BANEBERRY, Actaea spicata. 
BANGUE, Bhang, Bangi or Beng, Sedhee, 
Subjee. Adanson believes this to be the Nepen- 
thes of the ancients. The largest leaves and cap- 
sules without the stalks of Gan'nabis In'diea, 
(F.) Chanvre ludien, Indian hemp, probably iden- 
tical with G. sativa. Family, Urticeae. Sex. Syst. 
Dioecia Pentandria. The leaves and flowers of 
Cannabis are narcotic and astringent. They are 
chewed and smoked. The seeds, mixed with 
opium, areca, and sugar, produce a kind of in- 
toxication, and are used for this purpose by the 
people of India. An alcoholic extract of the 
plant, Churrus, has been used in India, and since 
then in Europe and in this country as a narcotic, 
and anti-convulsive, in the dose of from half a 
grain to ten or more. It requires, however, great 
caution in its administration. The pure resin- 
Gannabine-is active in the dose of two-thirds of 
a. grain. 
The dried plant, which has flowered, and from 
which the resin has not been removed, called 
Gunjah or Ganjah, Haschisch, Haschich, Hachisch 
or Ghaschisch, of the Arabs, consists of the tops 
and tender parts only of the plant, collected im- 
mediately after inflorescence, and simply dried. 
BANICA, Pastinaca sativa. 
BANILAS, Vanilla. 
BANILLA, Vanilla. 
BANILLOES, Vanilla. 
BANISTE'RIA ANGULO'SA. This plant, 
in Brazil and the Antilles, passes for a powerful 
sudorific, and an antidote to the poison of ser- 
pents. 
BANKSIA ABYSSINICA, Hagenia Abyssi- 
nica-b. Speciosa, Costus. 
BANNIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Bannieres is a village in Quercy, diocess of Ca- 
hors, France. The waters are probably chaly- 
beate. They are celebrated in amenorrhoea, 
cachexia, jaundice, Ac. 
BA'OBAB, Adanso'nia digita'ta, of Africa; 
Nat. Ord. Bombaceae ; one of the largest produc- 
tions of the vegetable kingdom. Its fruit is 
called, in the country, Pain de singe. The pulp 
is sourish, and agreeable to eat: and a refreshing 
drink is made from it, which is used in fevers. 
Prospero Alpini and Dr. L. Frank think that the 
Terra Lemnia was prepared, in Egypt, from the 
pulp. All the parts of the Baobab abound in 
mucilage. The bark has been given as a substi- 
tute for cinchona. 
BAPTISIA LEUCANTHA, see Sophora tinc- 
toria-b. Tinctoria, Sophora tinctoria. 
BAPTISTERIUM, Baignoire. 
BARAQUETTE, (F.) A name given by Ra- 
sous, physician at Nismes in France, to a catar- 
rhal epidemy, which occurred there in 1761. See 
Influenza. 
BARATIIRON, Juniperus sabina. 
BARATHRUM, Antrum. 
BARBA, Beard-b. Aaronis, Arum maculatum 
-b. Caprae, Spiraea ulmaria-b. Hirci, Tragopo- 
gon-b. Jo vis, Sempervivum tectorum. 
BARBADOES, see West Indies - b. Leg, see 
Elephantiasis. 
BARBAREA, Erysimum Barbarea-b. Stricta, 
Erysimum Barbarea. 
B ARB AROS'SjE PIL'ULAS, Barbaros'sa's 
Pills. An ancient composition of quicksilver, 
rhubarb, diagridium, musk, Ac. It was the first 
internal mercurial medicine, which obtained any 
real credit. 
BARBE, Beard-b. de Bone, Tragopogon. 
BARBEAU, Cyan us segetum. 
125 
BARK 
BARBER-CIIIRUR'GEONS. A Corporation 
of London, instituted by king Edward IV. The 
barbers were separated from the surgeons, by 18 
Geo. II., c. 15; and the latter were erected into 
a Royal College of Surgeons at the commencement 
of the present century. 
BARBERS, ARMY, see Bathers. 
BARBER IE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These mineral waters are half a league from 
Nantes. They contain carbonic acid, chlorides 
of magnesium and sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
carbonates of magnesia, lime, and iron. They 
are used as chalybeates. 
BARBERRY, Oxycantha Galeni - b. Ameri- 
can, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
BARBIERS. A variety of paralysis chiefly 
prevalent in India; and by many considered to 
be the same as Beriberi. Beriberi is commonly 
an acute disease. Barbiers is generally chronic. 
BARBITIUM, Beard. 
BAR-BONE, Pubis, os. 
BARBOTINE, Artemisia Santonica. 
BARBULA CAPRINA, Spiraea ulmaria. 
BARCLAY'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilulaj 
antibiliosae. 
BARDADIA, Pound. 
BARDANA, Arctium lappa - b. Minor, Xan- 
thium. 
BARDANE PETITE, Xanthium. 
BAREGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Bareges is a village in the department of Ilautes 
Pyrenees, near which are several springs. They 
are sulphureous and thermal, the heat varying 
from 85° to 112° Fahrenheit. They contain 
chlorides of magnesium and sodium, sulphates 
of magnesia and lime, carbonate of lime, sul- 
phur, <tc. These springs have long enjoyed a 
high reputation, and are daily advised in cutane- 
ous and scrofulous affections, <fcc. 
Factitious Bareges Water, Aqua Baregi- 
nen'sis, (F.) Eau de Bareges, is made by adding, 
hydrosulphuretted water, to pure water, 
carbonate of soda, gr. xvj, cldoride of 
sodium, gr. ss. Bottle closely. 
BARGADA, Convolvulus pes capriae. 
BARGOU. An alimentary preparation formed 
of ground oats, boiled to a proper consistence 
with water. 
BARIGLIA, Soda. 
BARII CHLORIDUM, Baryta, muriate of- 
b. lodidum, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
BARILLA, Soda-b. Alicant, Soda-b. Car- 
thagena, Soda-b. Turkey, Soda. 
BARILLOR, Soda. 
BARIUM, Ba'ryum, Baryt'ium, Pluto'nvum, 
from /lapvf, 'heavy.' The metallic base of ba- 
ryta, so called from the great density of its com- 
pounds. 
Barium, Chloride of, Baryta, muriate of- 
b. Chlorure de, Baryta, muriate of-b. Iodide of, 
Baryta, hydriodate of-b. Protoxide of, Baryta. 
BARK, Cinchona - b. Bitter, Pinckneya pu- 
bens-b. Calisaya, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex- 
b. Caribbean, Cinchonas Caribaeae cortex-b. Car- 
thagena, see Cinchona - b. Crown, Cinchonae 
lancifoliae cortex - b. Elk, Magnolia glauca-b. 
Essential salt of, see Cinchona - b. Florida, 
Pinckneya pubens - b. Georgia, Pinckneya pu- 
bens - b. Gray, see Cinchona - b. Huanuco, see 
Cinchona- b. Indian, Magnolia glauca-b. Je- 
suit's, Cinchona - b. Loxa, Cinchona? lancifoliae 
cortex-b. Pale, Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex-b. 
Maracaybo, see Cinchona-b. Peruvian, Cincho- 
na- b. Pitaya, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex-b. 
Red, Cinchonae oblongifoliae cortex - b. Saint 
Lucia, Cinchonae Caribaeae cortex - b. Santa 
Martha, see Cinchona- -b. Silver, see Cinchona 
-b. Yellow, Cinchonae cordifoliae cortex. BARLERIA 
BARLERIA BUXIFOLIA, Cara sehulli. 
BARLEY, PEARL, see Hordeum-b. Scotch, 
Hordeum-b. Water, Decoctum hordei. 
BARM, Vest. 
BARNET, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bar- 
net is not far from London. The water is of a 
purging quality, like that of Epsom, and about 
half the strength. 
BAROMACROM'ETER, Peedobaromacrom' - 
eter, Pcedom'eter, from /lapoj, ' weight,' paKpos, 
'long,' and pcrpov, 'measure.' An instrument 
invented by Stein to indicate the length and 
weight of a new-born infant. 
BAROM'ETER, Baroscop'ium, Ba'roecope, 
from /3apos, 'weight,' and pcrpov, 'measure.' (F.) 
Baromi.tre. An instrument which measures the 
weight of the air. A certain degree of density in 
this medium is necessary for health. When we 
ascend high mountains great inconvenience is 
experienced, owing to the diminished density. 
Changes of this character are indicated by the 
Barometer or weather-glass. 
BA'ROS, jiapos, ' heaviness.' Employed by the 
Greek physicians to designate the feeling of las- 
situde and heaviness observable in many diseases. 
-Hippocrates, Galen. 
BAROSCOPE, Barometer. 
BAROSMA CRENATA, Diosma crenata. 
BAROTES SALITUS, Baryta, muriate of. 
BAHR AS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
BARRE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Barre 
is a small town, six leagues from Strasburg. 
The waters are thermal, and contain much iron, 
calcareous salt, Ac. They are diuretic and tonic. 
BARRE (F.) Barrure, Vara, 'a bar.' A pro- 
jection or prolongation of the symphysis pubis : 
-a deformity rendering delivery difficult. 
BARREE (F.) A term applied, in France, 
to a female whose pelvis has the deformity de- 
scribed under Barre. 
BARREES, (DENTS.) The molar teeth, 
when the roots are spread or tortuous, so that 
they cannot be extracted without being broken; 
or without a portion of the alveolar arch being 
removed. 
BARREL OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
BARRENNESS, Sterilitas. 
BARROS, Terra Portugallica. 
BARRURE, Barre. 
BARTON'S FRACTURE, see Fracture of the 
Radius, Barton's. 
BARYCOCCALON, Datura stramonium. 
BARYCOITA, Baryecoia. 
BARYECOI'A, Barycoi'ta, Bradyecoi'a, Pa- 
racu'sia obtu'sa, Disecoi'a, Dysecce'a, Audi'tus 
diffie"ilis, Obaudi'tio, Obaudi'tus, A. gravis, A. 
imminu'tus, Hypocopho'sis, Hypochyro'sis, (F.) 
Dureti d'Oreille, from (lapvs, 'heavy,' and arot), 
• hearing.' Hardness of hearing, incomplete 
deafness. See Cophosis, and Deafness. 
BARYGLOSSIA, Balbuties, Baryphonia. 
BARYI HYDRAS IODATI, Baryta, hydrio- 
dale of. 
BARYLALIA, Baryphonia. 
BARYOD'YNE, from (iapvs, 'heavy,' and oivvr), 
'pain.' A dull, heavy pain. 
BARYPHO'NIA, Barygios'sia, Baryla'lia, 
Loque'la impedi'ta, from ffapvs, ' heavy,' and <{>uv>), 
* voice.' Difficulty of voice or speech. 
BARYPICRON, Artemisia abrotanum. 
BAR1S0MATIA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
BARYSOMATICA, Polysarcia adiposa. 
BARY'TA, from (iapvs, 'heavy,' Terra ponde- 
ro'sa, Bary'tes, Protox'ide of Ba'rium, Heavy 
Earth, Ponderous Earth, (F.) Baryte, Barite, 
Terre pesante. This earth and its soluble salts 
are all highly corrosive poisons. It is never em- 
126 
BASIL 
ployed in medicine in the pure state. When ex- 
ternally applied, it is caustic, like potassa and 
soda. 
Bary'ta, Carbonate of, Baryta Car'bonus, 
(F.) Carbonate de Baryte, is only used officinally 
to obtain the muriate. 
Baryta, Hydri'odate of, Baryta Hydriodas, 
Baryta Hydriod'ica, Hydras Baryi loda'ti, (in 
the dry state,-Iodide of Barium, Barii lod'i- 
dum, B. loda'tum,) has been given in scrofulous 
and similar morbid conditions. It may be admi- 
nistered internally in the dose of one eighth of a 
grain three or four times a day, and be applied 
externally to scrofulous swellings, in the form of 
ointment, (gr. iv to of lard.) 
Baryta Hydriodica, Baryta, hydriodate of. 
Baryta, Mu'riate or Hydrochlorate of, 
Bary'ta mu'rias, Chlo'ride of Ba'rium, Ba'rii 
Chlo'ridum (Ph. U. S.), Chlo'ruret of Ba'rium, 
Terra pondero'sa sali'ta seu muria'ta, Sal muri- 
at'icum barot'icum, Baro'tes sali'tus, (F.) Chlo- 
rure de barium, is the combination chiefly used. 
The Muriate of Baryta may be formed as follows: 
Baryt. Carbon, in frustulis, Ibj, Acid. JIuriat. 
Aqua, Oiij. Mix the acid with the water, 
and gradually add the Carbonate of Baryta. To- 
ward the close of the effervescence, apply a gentle 
heat, and, when the action has ceased, filter the 
liquor, and boil it down so that crystals may form 
as it cools. Ph. U. S. 
It is given in the form of the Solu'tio Jfuria'tis 
Baryta, Liquor Barii Ohlo'ridi, Ph. U. S., Aqua 
baryta muria'tis, (F.) Solution de Muriate de 
Baryte, (Muriate of Baryta, one part; distilled 
water, three parts.) and is employed in scrofulous 
cases, worms, and cutaneous diseases. Exter- 
nally, to fungous ulcers and to specks on the 
cornea. 
Baryta Carbonas, Baryta (Carbonate) - b. 
Hydriodas, Baryta, hydriodate of-b. Murias, 
Baryta, muriate of. 
BARYTE, Baryta-b. Carbonate de, Baryta* 
carbonate of. 
BARYTHMIA, Melancholy. • 
BARYTIUM, Barium. 
BARYUM, see Barium. 
Urinary Bladder. 
BAS-LASSE, Stocking, laced. 
BAS VENTRE, Abdomen. 
BASAAL. The name of an Indian tree, the 
decoction of whose leaves, in water, with ginger, 
is used as a gargle in diseases of the fauces. The 
kernels of the fruit are vermifuge. 
BASANASTRA'GALA, from (iaaavos, 'torture,' 
and acrrpayaXos, ' the astragalus.' Pain in the ankle 
joint; gout in the foot. 
BASANIS'MOS, from 'to explore. 
'A touch-stone.' Investigation or examination' 
-Hippocrates, Galen. 
BASE, Basig, from fiaivw, ' I proceed,' ' I rest,' 
'I support myself.' That which serves as a foun- 
dation or support. That which enters, as a prin- 
cipal matter, into a mixture or combination. In 
anatomy, it is employed in the former sense, as 
Bate of the Cranium, Base of the Brain - Basis 
seu Pai'i'mcn'fum cere'bri; Base of a process, d:c., 
Base of the heart-Basis vel coro'na cordis. In 
the art of prescribing, Basis is the chief substance 
which enters into a compound formula. 
BASEMENT MEMBRANE, see Membrane, 
basement. 
BASIATIO, Coition. 
BASIATOR, Orbicularis oris. 
BASIL, BUSH, Ocymum caryophyllatum-to. 
Citron, Ocymum basilicum- b. Common, Ocy- 
mum basilicum-b. Small, Ocymum caryophylla- 
tum-b. Wild, Chenopodium vulgare - b. Wild, BASILAD 
Cunila mariana - b. Wild, Pycnanthemum in- 
canum. 
BASILAD, see Basilar Aspect. 
BAS'ILAR, Basila'ris, Bas'ilary, (F.) Basi- 
laire. That which belongs to the base, from 
ftaais, 'base? This name has been given to seve- 
ral parts, which seem to serve as basis to others. 
The sacrum and sphenoid have been hence so 
called. 
Basilar Artery, A. basila'ris, A. cervica'lis, 
(F.) Artire ou Tronc basilaire, A. mesoclphalique 
(Ch.) The union of the two vertebral arteries. 
It ascends along the middle groove on the infe- 
rior surface of the tuber, and is supported, be- 
neath by the Fossa basilaris. It terminates in 
the posterior cerebral arteries. 
Basilar Aspect, An aspect towards the base 
of the head.-Barclay. Basilad is used adverbi- 
ally by the same writer to signify 'towards the 
basilar aspect.' 
Basilar Fossa, (F.) Gouttiire ou Fosse basi- 
laire, is the upper surface of the basilary process, 
-so called because it is channeled like a Fossa 
or Gutter. The Tuber annulare rests upon it. 
Basilar Process, Proces'sus basila'ris ossis 
occip'itis, P. cunei for'mis ossis occip'itis, (F.) 
Apophyse Basilaire, Prolongement sous-occipital, 
Cu'neiform Process, is the bony projection, formed 
by the inferior angle of the os occipitis, which is 
articulated with the sphenoid. 
Basilar Sinus, Sinus transversus. 
Basilar Surface, (F.) Surface basilaire, is 
the inferior surface of the process. It is covered 
by the mucous membrane of the pharynx. 
Basilar Vertebra. The last vertebra of the 
loins. 
BASIL'IC, Basil'icus, from [laaihiKo;, 'royal.' 
This name was given, by the ancients, to parts 
which they conceived to play an important part 
in the animal economy. 
Basilic Vein, Vena basil'ica, V. cu'biti inte'- 
rior, (F.) Veine Basilique, Veine cubitale cuta- 
nte of Chaussler. This vein is one of those on 
which the operation of blood-letting is performed. 
It is situate at the internal part of the fold of the 
elbow, in front of the humeral artery, and is 
formed by the anterior and posterior cubital 
veins, and by the median basilic. It terminates, 
in the arm-pit, in the axillary vein. The an- 
cients thought, that the basilic of the right arm 
had some connexion with the liver, and hence 
they called it hepatic. The vein of the left arm, 
for a similar reason, they called splenic. The 
Median Basilic Vein, (F.) Veine mtdiane basi- 
lique, is one of the branches of the preceding 
vein. It joins the median cephalic at an acute 
angle, or rather by a transverse branch, and re- 
ceives some branches of the deep radial and cu- 
bital veins, and a considerable subcutaneous vein 
-the common median. 
BASILIC COMMUN, Ocymum basilicum-b. 
Saurage, grand, Chenopodium vulgare. 
B ASIL'ICON, Basil'icum. ' Royal,' or of 
great virtue. An ointment, composed of yellow 
wax, black pitch, and resin, of each one part, 
olive oil, four parts. Hence it was called Un- 
guen'tum Tetraphar'macuni, (rirpatpapiiaKa, 'four 
drugs.')-Celsus, Scribonius Largus. 
Basilicon, Basilicum, of the Parisian Codex, 
is the Onguent de Poix et de Cire. In most Phar- 
macopoeias, it is represented by the Ungwew'tum 
or Cera'turn Resi'ncB. It is used as a stimulating 
ointment. See Ceratum Resinae, and Unguen- 
tum Resinae Nigrae. 
BASILICUM, Basilicon, Ocymum Basilicum 
- b. Citratum, Ocymum basilicum - b. Majus, 
Ocymum basilicum. 
BASILISCUS, Syphilis. 
127 
BATH 
BASIO-CERATO-CHONDRO-GLOSSUS, 
Hyoglossus. 
BASIO-CER'ATO-GLOSSUS, from fiaris, 
'base,' Kipaf, 'cornu,' and yAuxraa, 'tongue.' A 
name given to a part of the hyoglossus, which is 
inserted into the cornu of the os hyoides and base 
of the tongue. 
BASIOCES'TRUM, from (3aai;, ' the base,* 
and Ktarpa, 'a dart.' An instrument for opening 
the head of the foetus in utero, invented by Mes- 
ler, a German. 
BA'SIO-GLOS'SUS, Hypseloglos'svs, Hyoba- 
sioglossus, Ypseloglos'sus, from flaws, 'base,' and 
y\<j>aaa, ' the tongue.' A name formerly given to 
the portion of the hyoglossus which is inserted 
into the base of the os hyoides.-Riolan, Thomas 
Bartholine. See Lingual Muscle.' 
BASIO PH ARYNGJE'US, from fiaan, ' base,' 
and <f>apvy(, 'the pharynx.' A name given to 
some fibres of the constrictor pharyngis medius. 
-Winslow. 
BASIS, see Prescription-b. Cerebri, Base of 
the Brain-b. Cordis, Radix cordis-b. Corporis, 
Sole. 
BASSI-COL'ICA. Name of a medicine com- 
posed of aromatics and honey. - Scribonius 
Largus. 
BASSIA BUTYRACEA, see Spirit, (Arrack.) 
BASSIN, Pelvis-b. Oculaire, Scaphium ocu- 
lare. 
BASSINER, to foment. 
BASSINET, Pelvis of the kidney, Ranunculus 
bulbosus. 
BAS'SORA, GUM. A gum, obtained from a 
plant unknown, which came originally from the 
neighbourhood of Bassora, on the Gulf of Per- 
sia, whence its name. It is in irregularly shaped 
pieces, white or yellow, and intermediate in its 
transparency between gum Arabic and gum tra- 
gacanth. Only a small portion is soluble in 
water. The insoluble portion is a peculiar prin- 
ciple, called Bassorin. It is not used in medi- 
cine; but bassorin enters into the composition of 
several substances. 
BASSORIN, see Bassora gum. 
BASSWOOD, Tilia. 
BATA, Musa Paradisiaca. 
BATABAS, Solanum tuberosum. 
BATA'TAS. The inhabitants of Peru gave 
this appellation to several tuberous roots, espe- 
cially to Convolvulus Batatas or Sweet Potato. 
Our word, Potato, comes from this. 
BATEMAN'S PECTORAL DROPS, see Pec- 
toral Drops, Bateman's. 
BATERION, Bathron. 
BATES'S ANODYNE BALSAM, Linimentum 
saponis et opii. 
BATH, Anglo-Saxon, bats, Bal'neum, Bala- 
ne'um, Baline'um, Loutron, (F.) Bain. Immer- 
sion, or stay, for a longer or shorter duration, of 
the whole or a part of the body, in some medium, 
as water. Act of plunging into a liquid, sand, 
or other substance, in which it is the custom to 
bathe, Plunge Bath. Also, the vessel in which 
the water is put for bathing. Also, a public or 
private establishment for bathing. 
In Pharmacy, a vessel, placed over a fire, and 
filled with any substance, into which another 
vessel is placed, containing matters for digestion, 
evaporation, or distillation. 
Bath, Acid, Bal'neum ac"idum (Acid, muriat. 
Ibij; Aqua, cong. lxvi. One half, one third, or 
one fourth the quantity of acid is more frequently 
employed.) 
Bath, Acid, Scott's, see Scott's Acid Bath. 
Bath, Air, Hot, see Bath, hot-b. Air, warm, 
see Bath, hot. 
Bath, Al'kaline, Bal'neum alkali'num. This BATH 
may be made of half a pound or a pound of pearl- 
ash or of carbonate of soda, to sixty-six gallons 
of water. 
Bath, An'imal, BaZneum Anima'le, consists in 
wrapping an animal recently killed, or its skin, 
around the body, or some part of it. 
Bath, Antipsor'ic, Bal'neum antipso'ricum. 
Recommended in cases of itch and other cuta- 
neous diseases. {Potass. sulphuret. 3iv, Aquce 
cong. lx.) 
Bath, Antisyphilit'ic, Bal'neum antisyphilit'- 
icum, Jfercu'rial bath. Made by dissolving from 
two drachms to an ounce of the corrosive chloride 
of mercury in sixty gallons of water. 
Bath, Arm, Brachilu'vium. A bath for the arm. 
Bath, Cold, see Bath, hot-b. Cool, see Bath, 
hot. 
Bath, Dry, is one made of ashes, salt, sand, 
<fcc. The ancients used these frequently for the- 
rapeutical purposes. 
Bath, Earth, Arenatio. 
Bath, Elec'tric, (F.) Bain tlectrique, consists 
in placing the person upon an insulated stool, 
communicating, by a metallic wire, with the 
principal conductor of the electrical machine in 
action. The Electric Bath produces general ex- 
citement of all the functions, and especially of 
the circulation and secretions. 
Bath, Foot, Pedilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Pied, 
a bath for the feet. 
Bath, Gelat'inous, BaFne«m gelatino'sum. 
Made by dissolving two pounds of gelatin in a 
gallon of water. 
Bath, General, (F.) Bain Entier, is one in 
which the whole body is plunged, except the 
head; in contradistinction to the partial bath, 
Merobalane'um, Merobal'neum. I 
Bath, Half, Semicu'pium, Excathis'ma, In- 
ces'sio, Inces'sus, is one adapted for half the body. 
One, for receiving only the hips or extremities, is 
also so called. 
The Sitz-bath, (G.) Sitzbad, of the hydropa- 
thists is a tub of cold water, in which the patient 
sits for a variable period. 
Bath, Hand, Manulu'vium, (F.) Bain de Main 
ou Manuluve, is a bath for the hands. 
Bath, Head, Oapitilu'vium, (F.) Bain de Tete 
ou Oapitiluve, a bath for the head. 
Bath, Hip, Co.rcelu'vium, (F.) Bain de Fau- 
teu.il, Bain de Siege, is one in which the lower 
part of the trunk and upper part of the thighs 
are immersed. 
Bath, Hot, Balneum Cal'idum, Zestolu'sia, 
(F.) Bain chaud, is a bath, the temperature of 
which is 98° and upwards; the Warm Bath 
from 92° to 98°; the Tepid Bath, (F.) Bain 
Tiede, Balneum tep'idum, from 85° to 92°; the 
Temperate Bath, (F.) Bain temptrt, from 75° 
to 85°; the Cool Bath, (F.) Bain frais, from 
60° to 75° ; the Cold Bath, Balneum frig'idum, 
Frigida'rium, (F.) Bain froid, Bain tree froid, 
(of some,) from 30° to 60°; and the Vapour 
Bath, Balneum vapo'ris, (F.) Bain de Vapeur, 
Etuve Humide, from 100° to 130°, and upwards. 
See Vaporarium. A Warm Air Bath, or Hot 
Air Bath, consists of air the temperature of 
which is raised. 
Bath, Med'icated, Balneum Medica'tum, (F.) 
Bain medicinal, is a bath, formed of decoctions 
or infusions of vegetable substances, or of any in- 
gredient, introduced into the water for therapeu- 
tical purposes. 
Bath, Mercurial, Bath, antisyphilitic - b. 
Nitro -muriatic acid, Scott's acid bath. 
Bath, Plunge, see Bath. 
Bath, Sand, Balneum Are'nce, (F.) Bain de 
Sable, consists of a vessel filled with sand, and 
placed over the fire. Into this vessel, the one is 
128 
BATISSE 
put which contains the substance to be evapo- 
rated. See Psainmismus. 
Bath, Sea Water, Balneum Mar'ia, (F.) 
Bain Marie, consists of a vessel filled with boil- 
ing sea water, or salt water, in which the vessel 
is placed, that contains the substance to be eva- 
porated. Bain Marie is, however, at the present 
day often employed for any form of water bath. 
Bath, Shower, Implu'vium, is one in which 
the water is made to fall like a shower on the 
body. See Douche. 
Bath, Sitz, see Bath, half. 
Bath, Steam, may be formed by introducing 
steam into a properly closed vessel in place of 
water, as in the water bath. 
Bath, Succes'sion, Transition bath. A term 
applied to the rapid succession or transition from 
a cold to a warm or hot bath, or conversely.-Bell. 
Bath, Sulphur, Bal'neum Sulph'uris. A bath 
much used in psora, and other chronic cutaneous 
affections. It may be composed of two ounces 
of diluted sulphuric acid, and eight ounces of 
sulphuret of potassium added to each bath. 
Bath, Tan. An astringent bath, prepared, at 
times, by boiling two or three handfuls of ground 
oak-bark,-such as is used by tanners-in two 
or three quarts of water, for half an hour, and 
then adding the decoction to the water of the 
bath. 
Bath, Temperate, see Bath, hot-b. Tepid, 
see Bath, hot. 
Bath, Transition, Bath, succession. 
Bath, Vapour, see Bath, hot, and Vapora- 
rium-b. Warm, see Bath, hot. 
Bathing is much employed in the treatment of 
disease. The cold bath, especially the cold sea 
bath, is a sedative and indirect tonic: the warm 
bath a relaxant; and the hot bath a stimulant. 
The regular use of the bath is extremely con- 
ducive to health; but if too much indulged in, it 
is apt to produce injurious effects. 
BATH, MINERAL WATERS OF, Aqua 
Batho'nia vel Bad'iza, Aqua Solis, Aqua Bad'- 
igua. Celebrated thermal springs at Bath, in 
England. They contain but little impregnation, 
and are chiefly indebted to their temperature, 
from 112° to 117° Fahrenheit,, for their utility. 
The main ingredients are sulphate of lime, chlo- 
ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
lime, protoxide of iron, free carbonic acid and 
azote. 
These waters are employed in the most hete- 
rogeneous cases; and are serviceable where the 
simple thermal springs are indicated, as in rheu- 
matism, paralysis, <fcc. 
BA'TIIER, same etymon; Balnea'rius, Bali- 
nea'tor, Balnea'tor, (F.) Baigneur. One who 
bathes. Anciently, the name was given to those 
that administered baths to the diseased, - the 
Etuvistes of the French. At the present day, in 
remote districts in Germany, the country people 
call their medical practitioners Bader, or 'bath- 
men,' and Feldscheeren, or 'army barbers.' 
BATHMIS, Bathmus, 'base, support.' The 
cavity of a bone, which receives the eminence of 
another; and especially the two Fossettes at the 
inferior extremity of the humerus into which the 
processes of the ulna are received, during the 
flexion and extension of the fore-arm. 
BATHRON, Bathrum Hippoc'ratis, Scamnum 
Hippoe'ratis, Bate'rion, 'a step, a ladder.' (F.) 
Banc d'Hippocrate. An instrument, used for the 
extension of a limb, in cases of fracture or luxa- 
tion. The description of it is found in Galen, 
Oribasius, and Scultetus, with a figure. 
BATHRUM HIPPOCRATIS, Bathron. 
BATIA, Retort. 
BATISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ba- BATOS 
tisse is three leagues from Clermont, in France. 
The water is tepid, and contains subcarbonate 
and sulphate of soda, sulphates of lime and iron, 
muriate of magnesia, and carbonate of lime. 
BATOS, Rubus Idaeus. 
BATRACHUS, Ranula. 
BATTALISM'US, Battaris'mus, from [iarra- 
l-civ. ' to stammer.' Balbuties. Stammering with 
incapacity to pronounce the R. 
BATT'ALUS, Bat'tarus, same etymon? A 
stammerer, a stutterer. 
BATTARISMUS, Battalismus. 
BATTARUS, Battalus. 
BATTATA VIRGINIANA, Solanum tubero- 
sum. 
RAT TEHEES DOUBLES, see Bruit du 
Coeur foetal. 
BATTEMENT, Pulsation. 
BAUDRICOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Baudricourt is a town of France, two leagues 
and a half from Mirecourt. The waters are sul- 
phureous. 
BAUDRUCHES, Condom. 
BAUHIN, VALVE OF, Valve of Tul'pius, 
V. of Fallo'pius, V. of Varo'lius, R'eo-coecal 
Valve, Ileo-colic Valve, Val'vula llei, Val'vula 
Coli, V. Ooeci, Oper'culum llei, Sphincter llei. 
This name is given to the valve situate trans- 
versely at the place where the ileum opens into 
the coecum, and which Bauhin says he discovered 
at Paris, in 1759. It had, however, been pre- 
viously described by several anatomists; as by 
Vidus Vidius, Postius, &c. 
BA UME, Balsam-6. d'Acier, Balsam, chaly- 
beate-b. Aromatique, Balsam, aromatic-b. d'Ai- 
guilles, Balsam, chalybeate-b. Apoplectique, Bal- 
sam, apoplectic-6. d'Arcceus, Arcaeus, balsam of; 
see, also, Balsam of Arcaeus - b. d'Arceus, Un- 
guentum elemi compositum-b. Benjoin, Benjamin 
b. Blanc, see Amyris Opobalsamum-b. du Bresil, 
Copaiba-b. de Canada, see Pinus balsamea-b. 
de Cannelle, Laurus cinnamomum-b. de Carpa- 
thie, Balsam of Carpathia-b. de Carthagine, see 
Toluifera balsamum-b. de Constantinople blanc, 
see Amyris opobalsamum-b. de Copahu, Copaiba 
- b. Cordiale de Sennerte, Balsam, cordial, of 
Sennertus - b. d'Eau <1 feuilles ridees, Mentha 
crispa-b. de Feuillet, Balsam, green, of Metz - 
b. de Fioraventi spiritueuse, Balsam, spirituous, 
of Fioraventi - b. de Fourcroy ou de Laborde, 
Balsam of Fourcroy or Laborde - b. de Galaad, 
see Amyris opobalsamum - b. de Geneviive, Bal- 
sam of Genevi&ve- b. Grand, Tanacetum bal- 
samita-b. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opobal- 
samum - b. Hypnotique, Balsam, Hypnotic - b. 
Hystirique, Balsam, hysteric - b. des Jardins, 
Mentha viridis - b. de Lucatel, Balsam, Luca- 
telli's-b. Ncrvin, Balsam, nervous-b. de Perou, 
see Myroxylon Peruiferum - b. du Samaritain, 
Balsam of the Samaritan - b. Saxon, Balsam, 
Saxon - b. de Soufre, Balsam of sulfur - b. 
de Sympathie, Balsam of sympathy - b. Tran- 
quille, Balsam, tranquil - b. de Tolu, see Tolui- 
fera balsamum - b. de Vanille, Vanilla-b. Vert, 
see Fagara octandra - b. Vert de Metz, Balsam, 
green, of Metz - b. de Vie d' Hoffmann, Balsam 
of Life, of Hoffmann-b. de Vie de Lelievre, Tinc- 
tura aloes composita - b. Vrai, see Amyris opo- 
balsamum- b. Vulneraire de Minderer, Balsam, 
vulnerary, of Mindererus. 
BAURAC, (Arab.) Nitre, or salt in general. 
From this word comes Borax. 
BAURIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Baurin 
is a village four leagues from Roye, department 
of Somme. The waters are strongly chalybeate. 
BA VE, (F.) Sali'va ex ore fluens, Spuma, Hu- 
mor Sali'vus. Frothy, thick, viscid saliva, issu- 
ing from the mouth. This drivelling or slaver- 
129 
BEBEERU 
ing, we see in children, old people, &c. The term 
is, also, applied to the frothy liquid, which flows 
from the mouth of rabid animals. Sauvages uses 
it synonymously with salivation. 
BAY, CASTOR, Magnolia glauca - b. Rose, 
Rhododendron chrysanthemum - b. Rose, Ame- 
rican, Rhododendron maximum-b. Sweet, Lau- 
ras - b. White, Magnolia glauca and M. macro- 
phylla. 
BDALSIS, Sucking. 
BDELLA, Hirudo. 
BDEL'LIUM. Myrrha imperfec'ta, Bolcbon, 
Madeleon, Balchus. A gum-resin, brought from 
the Levant and India, and supposed to be ob- 
tained from a species of Arnyrin, little known. 
It is solid, brittle, of a deep brown colour, of an 
acrid and bitter taste, and sweet odour. It was 
much vaunted by the ancients, but is now little 
employed. Two different gum-resins have been 
in the shops distinguished by the names Indian 
and African 'bdellium. Dr. Royle was informed 
that the former was obtained from Am'yris Com- 
miph'ora, growing in India and Madagascar. 
The latter is said to be from Heudelo'tia Afri- 
ca'na, which grows in Senegal. 
BDELLOM'ETER, from ftbeWa, 'a leech,' and 
/icrpox, ' measure.' An instrument, proposed as 
a substitute for the leech; inasmuch as we can 
tell the quantity of blood obtained by it, whilst 
we cannot by the leech. It consists of a cupping- 
glass, to which a scarificator and exhausting 
syringe are attached. 
BDELLUS, Fart. 
BDELYGMIA, Fart. 
BDELYGMUS, Fart. 
BDESMA, Flatulence. 
BDOLUS, Fart. 
BEAD TREE, Melia Azedaraeh. 
BEAN, CARTHAGENA, Habilla de Cartha- 
gena - b. Egyptian, Nymphaea nelumbo - b. 
French, Phaseolus vulgaris - b. Garden, com- 
mon, Vicia faba-b. Indian, Catalpa-b. Kidney, 
Phaseolus vulgaris - b. Malacca, Avicennia to- 
mentosa - b. Pontic, Nymphaea nelumbo - b. 
Red, Abrus precatorius - b. Sacred, Nelumbium 
luteum - b. St. Ignatius's, Ignatia amara - b. 
Trefoil tree, see Cytisine. 
BEAN TREE, WHITE, Crataegus aria. 
BEARBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
BEARD, Barba, Pogon, Genei'on, Barbi'tiwn, 
(F.) Barbe. The hair which covers a part of the 
cheeks, the lips, and chin of the male sex, at the 
age of puberty. 
BEAR'S BREECH, Acanthus mollis-b. Foot, 
Helleborus foetidus - b. Fright, Heptalion gra- 
veolens-b. Whortleberry, Arbutus uva ursi. 
BEARWEED, Veratrum viride. 
BEASTINGS, Colostrum. 
BEATING OF THE HEART, see Heart. 
BEAUGENCY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Beaugency is a quarter of a league from Orleans. 
The waters contain subcarbonate of soda, iron, 
magnesia, and lime. They are tonic and ape- 
rient. 
BEAUMONT ROOT, Gillenia trifoliata. 
BEAUVAIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters are chalybeate. Beauvais is in 
Picardie, France. 
BEAVER, Castor fiber - b. Wood, Magnolia 
glauca-b. Tree, Magnolia macrophylla. 
BEBEERIA, see Bebeeru. 
BEBEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
BEBEERU, Sipeeri. A tree of British Gui- 
ana, which yields two alkalies-Bebeerin, Beber- 
ri'na, Bebee'ria, and Sipeerine; and in its pro- 
perties resembles the Cinchona. It has been re- 
ferred to Nectan'dra Rodiei. The timber of the 
tree is known to ship-builders by the name green BEC 
heart. The Sulphate of Bebeeria has been em- 
ployed in intermittents. Warburg's Fever Drops, 
Tinctu'ra antifebri'lis Warbur'gi, an empirical 
antiperiodic preparation, have by some been con- 
sidered to be a tincture of the seeds of the Be- 
beeru, but this is questionable. 
BEC, (F.) Rostrum, Beak. This name has 
been applied to various parts. 
BEC CORACOIDIEN, (F.) Cor'acoid beak, 
is the end of the coracoid process. 
BEC DE CUILLER, Ham'ulus. An instru- 
ment used for the extraction of balls. It consists 
of an iron rod, 7 or 8 inches long, having at one 
extremity a small cavity, into which the ball is 
received to be drawn outwards. See Cochleari- 
formis. 
BEC DE GRUE MUSQUE, Geranium Mos- 
chatum-b. de Grue Robertin, Geranium Roberti- 
anum-b. de Liivre, Harelip. 
BEC DE LA PLUME 1 ECRIRE, (F.) 
Beak of the Calamus Scripto'rius, is a small cavity 
at the superior part of the medulla oblongata, 
which forms part of the 4th ventricle. 
BEC (Le,) MINERAL WATERS OF. Bee 
is six leagues from Rouen, in Normandy. The 
water is strongly chalybeate. 
BECCABUNGA, Veronica Beccabunga. 
BECHASSTHE'SIS, from 'cough,' and 
aiadrian, 'sensation.' The excitement or desire 
to cough. 
BECHIA, Tussis. 
BECHIAS, Tussis. 
BE'CHICS, Be'chica, Becha, Bec'chica, Be'- 
chita, from 'cough,' (F.) Btchiques. Medi- 
cines adapted for allaying cough. 
BECHITA, Bechic. 
BECHIUM, Tussilago. 
BECHORTHOPNCEA, Pertussis. 
BECUIBA, Ibicuiba. 
BED'EGAR, Bedeguar, Bedeguard, Spon'gia 
Cynos'bati, Fungus Rosa'rum, F. Cynos'bati, (F.) 
Fomme mousseuse, Eponge d'eglantier. An ex- 
crescence, which makes its appearance on dif- 
ferent species of wild roses, and which is pro- 
duced by the puncture of a small insect,- Cy- 
nips Rosa. It was formerly employed as a 
lithontriptic and vermifuge, but is not now used. 
It was slightly astringent. 
BEDFORD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bed- 
ford is a village, situate on the great Western 
Turnpike road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, a 
few miles east of the chief elevation of the Alle- 
ghany mountains. There are various springs, 
saline, chalybeate and sulphureous.-The most 
celebrated contains carbonic acid, sulphate of 
magnesia, chlorides of sodium and calcium, and 
carbonate of iron. 
B E D S T R A W, Galium verum - b. Ladies, 
greater, Galium mollugo, Galium verum - b. 
Rough, Galium asprellum - b. Ladies, rough, 
Galium asprellum. 
BEE, Sax. beo. Apis, A. mellifica seu domest'ica, 
Melis'sa, Melitta, (F.) Abeille. This insect was 
formerly exhibited, when dried and powdered, as 
a diuretic. 
Bee in the Bonnet, see Insanity. 
BEEBREAD, Propolis. 
BEECH, Fagus sylvatica-b. Drop, Orobanche 
Virginiana - b. Drops, false, Hypopitys lanugi- 
nosa- b. Albany, Pterospora Andromedea - b. 
Mast, see Fagus sylvatica. 
BEEF ESSENCE, see Beef tea. 
Beef Tea, Jus bovi'num. An infusion of beef, 
much used in debilitating maladies, and in con- 
valescence. It may be made as follows : Take 
two pounds and a half of lean beef; cut it in 
email pieces into three parts of water in an earthen 
pipkin : let this simmer, but never boil, until the 
130 
BELLESME 
liquor is consumed to a pint and a half: then 
strain carefully. It ought to be entirely free 
from fat or grease.-Dr. E. J. Seymour. 
Essence of beef-as it has been called-may be 
made by putting a pound of good beef, freed from 
fat, and cut into small pieces, into a porter-bottle, 
corking lightly. The bottle must be put into 
boiling water, and kept there until the water has 
been boiling at least half an hour. As the boiling 
goes on, the cork may be inserted a little more 
tightly, to retain the contents of the bottle. The 
juices of the beef are thus separated, and consti- 
tute the 'essence,' which may be seasoned to the 
taste. It contains much nutriment. 
BEEN, Centaurea behen. 
BEER, Cerevisia - b. Black, see Falltranck- 
b. Pipsissewa, see Pyrola umbellata. 
BEET, Beta. 
BEGAIEMENT, Balbuties. 
BEGMA,- according to some, Bregma,-from 
or [ipnaaciv, ' to expectorate after cough- 
ing.' Coughing; also, the sputum or expectorated 
matter.-Hippocrates. 
BEGO'NIA. The Begonia grand if o'r a and 
B. tomento'sa have astringent roots, which are 
used in Peru in cases of hemorrhage, scurvy, low 
fevers, &e. 
BE GUE, Balbus. 
BEHEN ABIAD, Centaurea behen - b. Al- 
bum, Centaurea behen - b. Officinarum, Cucu- 
balus behen - b. Rouge, Statice limonium - b. 
Vulgaris, Cucubalus behen. 
BEHMEN ACKMAR, Statice limonium. 
BEIAHALALEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
BEIDELSAR, Asclepias procera. 
BEJUIO, Habilla de Carthagena. 
BELA-AYE or BE-LAHE. A tonic and 
astringent bark of a Madagascar tree. Du-petit- 
Thouars and Sonnerat think it may be substi- 
tuted for the Simarouba. 
BELADAMBOC. A species of convolvulus of 
the Malabar coast, which contains an acrid milky 
juice. From this a liniment is formed with oil 
and ginger, which is used against the bites of 
rabid animals. 
BE-LAHE, Bela-aye. 
BELA-MODAGAM. A kind of Scteroia of 
the Malabar coast, the leaves of which are con- 
sidered diuretic and emmenagogue. 
BELANDRE, (F.) A litter, surrounded with 
curtains, in which patients are sometimes carried 
to hospitals. 
BELCHING, Eructation. 
BELEMNOID, Belenoid. 
BELEMNOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid pro- 
cesses. 
BEL'ENOID, BEL'ONOID, BEL'EMNOID 
or BEL'OID, Beleno'i'des or Belemno'i'des Bra- 
ces'sue, from 'an arrow,' and ttSos, 'shape.' 
This name has been given to styloid processes 
in general-Processus belencri'des. 
BELESME, see Bellesme. 
BELESON, Balsam, Mussaenda frondosa. 
BELILLA, Mussaenda frondosa. 
BELINUM, Apium Graveolens. 
BELI OCULUS, Belloculus. 
BELL, CANTERBURY, Campanula trache- 
lium. 
BELLADONE, Atropa belladonna. 
BELLADON'NA, in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States, is the officinal name of the leaves 
of Atropa Belladonna. 
Belladonna Baccifera, Atropa belladonna- 
b. Trichotoma, Atropa belladonna. 
BELLE DAME, Atropa belladonna. 
BELLEGU, Myrobalanus. 
BELLEREGI, Myrobalanus. 
BELLESME, MINERAL WATERS OF. BELLEY 
Ikllesme is about three leagues from Montagne 
in France. The waters are chalybeate. 
BELLEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
waters at Belley, department of Ain, in France, 
are saline aperients. 
BELLIDOIDES, Chrysanthemum leucan- 
themum. 
BELLIS, Bellus ('pretty,') B. peren'nis seu 
minor seu horten'sis, Sym'phytum min'imum, 
Bruisewort, Common Daisy, (F.) Paquerette vi- 
vace, petite Marguerite. The leaves and flowers 
are rather acrid. They were, at one time, con- 
sidered to cure different species of wounds. See 
Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
Bellis Hortensis, Bellis-b. Major, Chrysan- 
themum leucanthemum - b. Minor, Bellis - b. 
Perennis, Bellis - b. Pratensis, Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 
BELL METAL, Cal'cocos, (F.) Airain, Metal 
des cloches. An alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and a 
small quantity of antimony, used for making 
bolls. The mortars of the apothecary are often 
formed of this material. They require to be kept 
clean, to avoid the formation of verdigris. 
BELLOC'ULUS, Beli Oc'ulus. A kind of gem, 
which the Assyrians considered efficacious in the 
cure of many diseases. They imagined that the 
figure of an eye could be seen in it, and hence its 
name, Bel's Bye. 
BELLON, Colic, metallic. 
BELLOTAS, see Ilex major. 
BELLOWS' SOUND, Bruitde soviet-b.s.En- 
cephalic, see Bruit de soufflet. 
Bellows' Sound, Funic, a single murmur of 
the bellows kind, synchronous with the first 
sound of the heart; heard by some observers, 
and referred by them to diminished calibre of the 
umbilical arteries, either by pressure or stretching 
of the funis, or both. 
Bellows' Sound, Placental, Bruit placen- 
taire. 
BELLWORT, SMALLER, Uvularia perfoliata. 
BELLY, Venter; from Ir. bolg, 'the belly, a 
bag or pouch.' At the present day, the abdomen. 
Formerly, all the splanchnic cavities were called 
bellies; - the lower belly, venter in'fimus, being 
the abdomen; the middle belly, venter me'dius, 
the thorax ; and the upper belly, venter supre'mus, 
the head. Also, the womb. See Venter. 
BELLY-ACH, Colica - b. Dry, Colic, me- 
tallic-b. Root, Angelica lucida. 
BELLY-BAND, Belt, Russian. 
BELLY, POT, Physconia. 
BELMUSCHUS, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
BELNILEG, Myrobalanus. 
BELOID, Belenoid. 
BELOIDES PROCESSUS, Styloid processes. 
BELONE, Needle. 
BELONODES, Styloid. 
BELONOID, Belenoid. 
BEL'S EYE, Belloculus. 
BELT, RUSSIAN, Ventra'le,- vulgarly, Belly- 
band,- Abdominal supporter. A broad bandage 
applied to the abdomen, so as to support, and 
make methodical pressure upon it. Different 
forms have been termed obstetric binders, utero- 
abdominal supporters, <tc. 
BELUL'CUM, from 0cho$, 'a dart,' and 'sXku, 
' I draw out.' An instrument used for extracting 
darts or arrows. Many instruments of this kind 
have been noticed by surgeons.-Ambrose Pare, 
Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
BELZOE, Benjamin. 
BELZOIM, Benjamin. 
BELZOINUM, Benjamin. 
BEN, Guilandina moringa-b. of Judaea, Ben- 
iamin-b. Nut, Guilandina moringa. 
BENA TH, Pustule. 
BENEDICTA SYLVESTRIS, Geum rivale. 
131 
BENZOIN 
BENEDICTUM LAXATIVUM, Confectio 
sennas. 
BENEFICE DE LA NATURE, Beneficium 
naturae-b. de Ventre, see Beneficium naturae. 
BENEFIC"IUM NATU'RtE, (F.) Bent flee de 
la nature. This term is used by the French pa- 
thologists, for cases, in which diseases have got 
well without medical treatment. With them, 
Bentfice de nature, or B. de ventre, is synonymous 
also with Alvi Proflu'vium ;-a spontaneous diar- 
rhoea, often acting favourably either in the pre- 
vention or cure of disease. 
BENEL, Croton racemosum. 
BENEOLENS, from bene, 'well,' and olere, 'to 
smell.' Euo'des, Suaveolens. A sweet-scented 
medicine, as gums, &e. 
BENG, Bangue. 
BENGALE INDORUM, Cassumuniar. 
BENGAL ROOT, Cassumuniar. 
BENGI, Hyoscyamus. 
BENIGN', Benig'nus, Euetk'es, (F.) Benin, 
Benigne. Diseases of a mild character are so 
called: as well as medicines whose action is not 
violent, as a Benign Fever, Febris benig'na im- 
pu'tris, <tc. 
BENIN, Benign. 
BEN'JAMIN, Ben'zoin, Benzo'iwwm(Ph.U. S.), 
Benzo'inum verum, Benzo'inum, Assa odora'ta, 
Benjui, Benjuin, Assa dulcis, Ben'jaoy, Benjo'- 
inum, Belzoe, Belzoim, Ben'zoe, Sty'racis Benzo'- 
ini Bal'samum, Liquor Cyreni'acus, Croton Ben- 
zoe, Ben of Juda'a, Acor Benzo'inus, Sal Ac"idum 
seu cssentia'le seu volat'ile Benzoes, (F.) Benjoin, 
Baume Benjoin, Asia doux. A resinous, dry, 
brittle substance, obtained from Styrax Benzoin, 
Arbor Benivi, Laurus Benzoin, of Sumatra. The 
odour is extremely fragrant, and taste slightly 
aromatic. It is principally used for the prepara- 
tion of the acid which it contains. It is also 
employed in some vulnerary tinctures, and as an 
expectorant. Benzoic Acid, Ac"idum Benzo'icum, 
is obtained from it by sublimation. The purest 
Benjamin is in amygdaloid masses: hence called 
(F.) Benjoin amgydaloi.de. 
Ben'jamin, Flowers of, Ben'zoic Acid, Ac"- 
idum Benzo'icum, Flores Benzoes, Flores Benzo'- 
ini, Ac"idum Benzo'icum per sublimatin'nem, (F.) 
Acide Benzoique. This acid exists in all the 
balsams, but chiefly in Benzoin, from which it is 
obtained by sublimation. It is in vanilla, canella, 
the urine of infants, and of herbivorous animals. 
Its odour is aromatic and fragrant; taste hot, 
slightly acidulous, and agreeable. The crystals 
consist of white, satiny flakes, slightly ductile. 
It is probably stimulant; and has been used, as 
such, in chronic catarrh; but it has little efficacy. 
BENJAOY, Benjamin. 
BENJOINUM, Benjamin. 
BENJUI, Benjamin. 
BEN MOENJA. A Malabar tree. An alexi- 
pharmic decoction is made of its roots, in the 
country, which is much praised in cases of ma- 
lignant fever. Its bark, boiled with Calamus 
aromaticus and salt, forms a decoction used in 
bites of poisonous serpents. 
BENNE, Sesamum orientale. 
BENNET, HERB, Geum urbanum, and G. 
Virginianum. 
BENOITE, Geum urbanum - b. Aquatique, 
Geum rivale - b. des Ruisseaux, Geum rivale - 
b. de Virginie, Geum Virginianum 
BENZIN, see Anesthetic. 
BENZOATE OF AMMONIA, Ammoniae ben- 
zoas. 
BENZOE, Benjamin. 
BENZOENIL, Vanilla. 
BENZOIN, Benjamin-b. Odoriferum, Laurw 
Benzoin. BERBERINE 
BERBERINE, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
BERBERIS, Oxycantha Galeni-b. Canaden- 
sis, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
BERCE, Heracleum spondylium. 
BERENDAROS, Ocymum basilicum. 
BERENICE, Succinum. 
BERENICIUM, Potassae nitras. 
BERENISECUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
BERGAMOTE, Bergamot'ta, (F.) Bergamotte. 
A small orange, of a very agreeble taste; and 
peculiar odour. From its bark an oil, Oleum 
Berga'mii, (Ph. U.S.) is obtained, which is much 
employed as a perfume, and sometimes in medi- 
cine. 
BER'IBERI, Beribe'ria, Syn'clonus Beribe'- 
ria, Indosyn'clonus, Paral'ysis Ber'iberi, from 
beri in the Singhalese language, which signifies 
' weakness;' therefore, beriberi, ' great weakness.' 
This word is also said to be Hindusthanee, and 
to mean a sheep. - Bontius. Beriberi is an In- 
dian disease, little known in Europe. It con- 
sists in debility and tremors of the limbs,-some- 
times, indeed, of the whole body; with painful 
numbness of the affected parts, <tc.:-the patient 
walking doubled; and imitating the movements 
of sheep ! Some authors have esteemed it rheu- 
matic; others, paralytic; others, to be a kind of 
chorea. It is, almost always, incurable; is 
rarely fatal; and is treated by exercise, stimu- 
lant friction, sudorifics, <tc. It is sometimes 
called Bar'biers, but this would seem to be a 
different disease. 
BERICOCCE, Prunus armeniaca. 
BE RLE NO DIF LORE, Sium. 
BERL UE, Metamorphopsia. 
BERMU'DAS, CLIMATE OF. Pulmonary 
invalids are occasionally sent to Bermuda, but 
the principal objection to a winter residence 
there, is the prevalence of strong winds; espe- 
cially of the dry, sharp, and cold north-west 
winds, during the winter and spring. Still, it 
affords a good winter retreat for the phthisical, 
from any part of the United States, provided due 
care be selected in choosing a suitable locality. 
The neighbourhood of Hamilton has been strongly 
recommended with this view. 
BERNARD THE HERMIT, Cancellus. 
BERRIES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- 
culus-b. Turkey, yellow, see Piper cubeba. 
BERS. A sort of electuary, composed of pep- 
per, seed of the white hyoscyamus, opium, euphor- 
bium, saffron, &c. The Egyptians used it as an 
excitant.-Prospero Alpini. 
BERU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Beru is 
in Champagne, France. The waters are slightly 
chalybeate. 
BERULA, Sium nodiflorum-b. Angustifolia, 
Sium nodiflorum. 
BESASA, Ruta. 
BESICLES, Spectacles. 
BE SO IN, Want-b. de Respirer, see Want- 
b. de la Vie, Necessary of life. 
BESSANEM. A word used by Avicenna, for 
redness of the skin, limbs, and face, produced by 
the action of cold. 
BESSON, ) a n 
BESSONNE, J See Gemellus- 
BETA. The Beet, Sic'ula, (F.) Bette, Bette- 
rave. Family, Chenopodese. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
dria Digynia. A genus of plants, of which the 
following are the chief varieties. 
Beta Hy'bkida, Root of Scarcity. Root red, 
outside; white, within. Very nutritive ; yields 
sugar. 
Beta Vulga'ris Alba, White Beet. The root 
yields sugar, and the leaves are eaten as a sub- 
stitute for spinach. 
132 
BEZOAR 
Beta Vulga'eis Rubra, Bed Beet. Root red 
and nutritive; yields a small quantity of sugar. 
BETEL, Piper Betel. A species of pepper, cul- 
tivated in several parts of India. The East In- 
dians are in the habit of chewing the leaves with 
lime and areca; and they give the name Betel to 
this preparation. It is used in all the equatorial 
countries of Asia. Betel is said to be tonic and 
astringent. It is also called Bette, Betre, Betle. 
See Areca. 
BETHROOT, Trillium latifolium-b. Broad- 
leaf, Trillium latifolium. 
BETISE, Dementia. 
BETOINE, Betonica officinalis - b. des Mon- 
tagnes, Arnica Montana-b. des Savoyards, Ar- 
nica montana. 
BE TON, Colostrum. 
BETONICA AQUATICA, Serophularia aqua- 
tica. 
Beton'iga Officina'lis, Cestron, Beton'ica 
purpu'rea, Veton'ica Cordi, Ac., Bet'ovy, Woooi 
Betony, Psychot'r ophum, Veroni'ca purpu'rea, 
(F.) Betoine. Family, Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Di- 
dynamia Gymnospermia. Betony was in much 
esteem amongst the ancients, who employed the 
flowers and leaves, in decoction, in gout, sciatica, 
cephalalgia, Ac. It was so called, according to 
Pliny, from being in great repute among the Vet- 
tones, or Bettones, an ancient people of Spain. 
Antonius Musa is said to have written a volume 
in praise of it; recommending it in no less than 
47 different diseases. It has, however, little or 
no virtue. The leaves are said to be aperient, 
and the root emetic. 
Betonica Pauli, Veronica. 
BETONY, Betonica officinalis-b. Paul's, Ly- 
copus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus - b. Water, 
Serophularia aquatica-b. Wood, Betonica offici- 
nalis. 
BETBE, Betel. 
BETTE, Beta. 
BETTEBA VE, Beta. 
BET'ULA ALBA. The Birch, (F.) Bouleau 
commun. The young leaves are slightly odorous, 
astringent, and bitter. They are applied to 
wounds aud ulcers. They have been regarded 
as antiscorbutic and anthelmintic. The tree fur- 
nishes a saccharine juice, which is considered 
antiscorbutic and diuretic. 
Betula Emarginata, Alnus glutinosa-b. Glu- 
tinosa, Alnus glutinosa. 
Betula Lenta, Sweet Birch, Black Birch, 
Cherry Birch, Mountain Mahogany, is an Ameri- 
can species, the bark and leaves of which have 
the smell and taste of Gaultheria procumbens. 
An infusion is sometimes made of them, and used 
as an excitant and diaphoretic. The volatile oil 
is nearly if not wholly identical with that of 
Gaultheria. 
BEUBBE, Butter-b. de Bambouc, Butter of 
bambouc - b. de Cacao, Butter of cacao - b. de 
Coco, Butter of cocoa-b. Vegetale, Persca gatis- 
sima. 
BEUVRIGNY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Beuvrigny is in the vicinity of Bayeux in Nor- 
mandy. The water is chalybeate. 
BE VUE, Diplopia. 
BEX, Tussis-b. Convulsiva, Pertussis-b. IIu- 
mida. Expectoration-b. Theriodes, Pertussis. 
BEXIS, Tussis. 
BEXU'GO. Under this name, a purgative 
root was formerly introduced into Europe from 
Peru. It is supposed to have been the root of a 
Hippocratea. 
BEZ'OAR, Bez'aar, Bez'ehard, Pa'zahar, from 
Persian Pa, 'against,' and zahar, poison. Lapis 
Bezoar'dicus, Cal'cuius Bez'oar, Enterol'ithus Be- BEZOARD 
zoar'dus, Bezoard. A calculous concretion, found 
in the stomach, intestines, and bladder of ani- 
mals. Wonderful virtues were formerly attri- 
buted to these Bezoars. There were two great 
varieties: the Bez'oar orienta'le, An'imal Bezoar'- 
ticum orienta'le, formed in the fourth stomach of 
the gazelle of India (Gazel'la In'dica, or rather 
Antil'ope cervica'pra;) and the Bez'oar occiden- 
ta'le, Animal Bezoar'ticum occidenta'le, found in 
the fourth stomach of the wild goat or chamois 
of Peru. These substances were esteemed to be 
powerful alexipharmics ; but the former was the 
more valued. It was believed that no poison, 
and no eruptive, pestilential, or putrid disease, 
could resist its influence. As so many virtues 
were ascribed to it, other animal concretions were 
substituted for it; and factitious Bezoards were 
made of crabs' eyes and claws, bruised and mixed 
with musk, ambergris, &c. 
Bez'oar Bovi'num, (F.) Bezoard de Boeuf, Be- 
zoard of the beef. A concretion formed in the 
fourth stomach of beeves; also, a biliary calcu- 
lus found in the gall-bladder. 
Bez'oar of the Deer, B. of the Lach'rymal 
Fossa of the Deer, Deer's Tears. A moist, highly 
odorous, fatty matter, found below the anterior 
canthus of the orbit of the red deer-Cervus el'e- 
phas. It has been used, like castor, as an anti- 
spasmodic, in the dose of from 5 to 15 grains, two 
or three times a day. 
Bezoar Equinum, Bezoard of the horse - b. 
Hystricis, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine. 
Bez'oard of Cayman. This was once much 
prized. It is now unknown. 
BEZOARD D'ALLEMAGNE, yEgagropila. 
Bez'oard of the Chamois, and B. of the 
Horse, Bezoar equi'num, Hippol'ithus, &c., exhi- 
bit their origin in the name. 
Bez'oard of the Indian Por'cupine. Bez'oar 
Hys'tricis, Lapis Porci'nus, Lapis JLalucen'cis, 
Petro del Porco, (F.) Bezoard de Porc-Epic, was 
formerly the dearest of all the Bezoards, and was 
sold at an enormous price in Spain and Portugal. 
Bez'oard Mineral, Antimonium diaphoreti- 
cum-b. Vegetable, see Calappite. 
BEZOAR'DIC, Bezoar'dicus, (F.) Bezoardique; 
concerning the bezoard. Bezoardic medicines are 
those supposed to possess the same properties 
with the bezoard; as antidotes, alexiteria, alexi- 
pharmics, cordials. 
BEZOARDICA RADIX, Dorstenia contra- 
yerva. 
BEZOAR'DICUM SATUR'NI. A pharma- 
ceutical preparation, regarded by the ancients as 
antihysteric. It was formed of protoxide of lead, 
butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
Bezoar'dicum Huma'num. Urinary calculi 
were formerly employed under this name as 
powerful alexipharmics. 
Bezoar'dicum Jovia'le. A sort of greenish 
powder, used as a diaphoretic, and formed of an- 
timony, tin, mercury, and nitric aeid. 
Bezoar'dicum Luna're. A medicine formerly 
regarded as a specific in epilepsy, convulsions, 
megrim, &c. It was prepared of nitrate of sil- 
ver, and butter of antimony. 
Bezoar'dicum Martia'le. A tonic medicine, 
used by the ancients in diarrhoea. It was pre- 
pared from the tritoxide of iron and butter of an- 
timony. 
Bezoar'dicum Mercuria'le. A medicine, 
formerly vaunted as an antisyphilitic, and pre- 
pared from the mild chloride of mercury, butter 
of antimony, and nitric acid. 
Bezoar'dicum Minera'le; the deutoxide of 
antimony; so called because its properties were 
supposed to resemble those of animal bezoard. 
Bezoar'dicum Sola're. A diaphoretic medi- 
133 
BICHOS 
cine, prepared of gold filings, nitric acid, and 
butter of antimony. 
Bezoar'dicum Ven'eris. A pharmaceutical 
preparation, formerly employed in lepra, diseases 
of the brain, &e.; which was made from filings 
of copper, butter of antimony, and nitric acid. 
BHANG, Bangue. 
BI, as a prefix to words, has the same signifi- 
cation as Di. 
BIAIOTHANATI, Biothanati. 
BIBITORIUS, Rectus internus oculi. 
BIBLIOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, from j3<j3Xof, 
. a book,' and ' I describe.' Skill in the 
knowledge of medical books. The most distin- 
guisded medical biographers have been : J. A. 
Van der Linden, Amstelod. 1662, octavo, (L.) 
M. Lipenius, Francf. ad Mcen. 1679, fol. (L.) 
G. A. Mercklein, Norimb. 1686, (L.) J. J. 
Manget, Genev. 1695 to 1731, (L.) Tarin (ana- 
tomical,) Paris, 1753, (F.) A. von Haller, 
Zurich, 1774, <tc.. (L.) Vigiliis von Creut- 
zenfeld (surgical,) Vindob. 1781, (L.) C. G. 
Kuhn, Lips. 1794, (L.) C. L. Schweickard 
(anat., phys., and legal medicine,) Stuttgard, 
1796 to 1800, (L.) G. G. Ploucquet, Tubing. 
1808 to 1814, (L.) C. F. Burdach, Gotha, 1810 
to 1821, (G.) J. S. Ersch, (since 1750,) Leipz. 
1822, (G.) Th. Ch. Fr. Enslin, (of Germany, 
since 1750,) Berlin, 1826, (G.) J. B. Montfal- 
con, Paris, 1827, (F.) J. Forbes, M. D., F. R. 
S., London, 1835. A. C. P. Callisen, Copen- 
hagen, 1845, (G.) E. Morwitz, Leipzig, 1849, 
(G.) 
BICAUDALIS, Retrahens auris. 
BICAUDA'TUS, Cauda'tus, ' double-tailed.' 
A monster having two tails. 
BICEPHA'LIUM, Dicepha'lium. A hybrid 
word, from bi and KtyaXri, 'head.' Sauvages ap- 
plies this epithet to a very large sarcoma on the 
head, which seems to form a double head. 
BICEPHALUS, Diceplialus. 
BICEPS, from bis, 'twice,' and caput, 'head.' 
That which has two heads. This name has been 
particularly given to two muscles; one belonging 
to the arm, the other to the thigh. 
Biceps Exter'nus Mus'culus. The long por- 
tion of the Triceps Brachia'lis.-Douglas. 
Biceps Flexor Cruris, Biceps Cruris, Biceps, 
(F.) Biceps Crural, Biceps Fem'oris, Is'chio-fem'- 
oro-ptronier-(Ch.) A muscle on the posterior 
part of the thigh; one head arising from the tu- 
berosity of the ischium, and the other from a 
great part of the linea aspera. It is inserted into 
the top of the fibula. It serves to bend the leg 
on the thigh. 
Biceps Flexor Cu'biti, Biceps Bra'chii, Cor'- 
aco-radia'lis, Biceps, Biceps mantis, Biceps in- 
ter'nus, Biceps inter'nus hu'meri, (F.) Scapulo-ra- 
dial, (Ch.)-Biceps Brachial. A muscle, situate 
at the anterior and internal part of the arm ; ex- 
tending from the edge of the glenoid cavity and 
from the top of the coracoid process to the tube- 
rosity of the radius. It bends the fore-arm upon 
the arm. 
BICHE DE MER, Sea Slug. A molluscous 
animal, belonging to the genus Holothuria, which 
is caught amongst the islands of the Feejee group, 
New Guinea, &c., and when prepared finds a 
ready sale in China, where it is used as an ingre- 
dient in rich soups. 
BICHET, Terra Orleans. 
BICHICH'L®. Pectoral medicines, composed 
of liquorice juice, sugar, blanched almonds, &c.- 
Rhazes. 
BICHIOS, Dracunculus. 
BICHO. Dracunculus-b. di Culo, Proctocaee. 
BICHOS. A Portuguese name for the worms BICIPITAL 
that penetrates the toes of people in the Indies; 
and which are destroyed by the oil of the cashew 
nut. 
BICIP'ITAL, from biceps (bis and caput) 'two- 
headed.' Relating to the biceps. 
Bicip'ital Groove, (F.) Coulisse ou Gouttilre 
bicipitale, Coulisse humlrale, (Ch.,) is a longitu- 
dinal groove, situate between the tuberosities of 
the os humeri, which lodges the long head of the 
biceps. 
Bicip'ital Tu'bercle, Bicipital tuberos'ity, 
(F.) Tublrositi bicipitale; - a prominence near 
the upper extremity of the radius, to which the 
tendon of the biceps is attached. 
BICORNE RUDE, Ditrachyceros. 
BICUS'PID, Bicuspida'tus, from bis, 'twice,' 
and cuspis, 'a spear.' That which has two points 
or tubercles. 
Bicus'pid Teeth, Dentes Bicuspida'ti, (F.) 
Dents bicuspidles, the small molares. See Molar. 
BIDENS ACMELLA, Spilanthus acmella. 
BIDET, (F.) Bidet; pronounced beeday. A 
small horse formerly allowed to each trooper for 
carrying his baggage. Hence, perhaps, applied 
to a chamber bathing apparatus, which has to be 
bestridden. It is a useful arrangement, in case 
of hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, affections of the 
sexual organs, Ac. 
BIECHO, Bische. 
BIERE, Cerevisia. 
BIESTINGS, Colustrum. 
BIFEMOR 0- CAL CANIEX, Gastrocnemii. 
BI'FURCATION, Bifurca'tio, from bis, 'twice,' 
and furca, 'a fork.' Division of a trunk into 
two branches; as the bifurcation of the trachea, 
aorta, Ac. 
BIGASTER, Digastricus. 
BIG BLOOM, Magnolia macrophylla. 
BIGEMINAL BODIES, Quadrigemina tuber- 
cula. 
BIGGAR. A disease of Bengal, remarkable 
for the intensity and danger of the cerebral symp- 
toms.-Twining. 
BIG-LEAF, Magnolia macrophylla. 
BIGLES, see Strabismus. 
BIGNONIA CATALPA, Catalpa -b. Radi- 
cans, Tecoma radicans. 
Bigno'nia In'dica. The leaves are employed 
in India, as emollients, to ulcers. 
BI JON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
BILAZAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bila- 
zay is a town in France, two leagues from Thouar, 
department of Deux Sevres, near which is a ther- 
mal sulphureous spring. Temperature about 77° 
Fahrenheit. 
BILBERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus-b. Red, 
Vaccinium vitis idasa. 
BILE, Bilis, Fel, Chol'os, Chole, Choler, (F.) 
Bile, Fiel. A yellow, greenish, viscid, bitter, 
nauseous fluid, secreted by the liver. It is dis- 
tinguished into hepatic and cystic; according as 
it flows immediately into the duodenum from the 
liver or from the gall-bladder. It contains, ac- 
cording to Muratori, water; a peculiar fatty 
matter; colouring matter, (Cholepyr'rhin or Bili- 
phce'in;) cholesterin, combined with soda; picro- 
mel or bilin; extract of flesh, mucus; soda, phos- 
phate of soda; phosphate of lime, and chloride 
of sodium. 
The use of the bile is to remove from the body 
superfluous hydro-carbon; and it is probably in- 
servient to useful purposes in digestion. 
Bile, Furunculus - b. Black, Atrabilis - b. de 
loeuf, see Bile - b. Repandue, Icterus. 
Bile of the Bear, Gall of the Bear, Fel Ursi, 
was thought to be anti-epileptic; and that of the 
Eel, Fel anguil'lce, to facilitate labour. 
Bile of the Ox, Gall of the Ox, Ox Gall, Fel 
134 
BYOLYCHNION 
Tauri, Fel Bovis, F. Bovi'num, (F.) Bile de Boeuf, 
was once reputed cosmetic and detergent, anti- 
otalgic and emmenagogue; as well as to possess 
the power of facilitating labour. It has also been 
given as a bitter stomachic and anthelmintic; 
and as a tonic and laxative, in cases of deficiency 
of the biliary secretion. 
BIL'IARY, Bilia'ris, Bilia'rius, Fel'leus. 
That which relates to bile. 
Bil'iary Appara'tus, B. organs, B. passages. 
The collection of parts that concur in the secre- 
tion and excretion of bile : - viz. the liver, pori 
biliari or tubuli biliferi; hepatic, cystic, and 
choledoch ducts, and gall-bladder. 
Bil'iary Concre'tions are concretions found 
in some parts of the biliary apparatus. 
Biliary Ducts, Pori biliarii. 
BILIEUX, Bilious. 
BILIMBI, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
BILIMBING TERES, Averrhoa bilimbi. 
BILIN, Picromel. 
BIL'IOUS, Bilio'sus, Chol'icus, Chol'ius, Fel- 
lin'eus, Epick'olos, Picrock'olos, Fel'leus. (F.) 
Bilieux. That which relates to bile, contains 
bile, or is produced by bile. An epithet given 
to certain constitutions and diseases, which are 
believed to be the effect of superabundance of the 
biliary secretion: as Bilious temperament, B. 
symptoms, B. fever. 
BILIPHjEIN, see Bile. 
BILIS FLUXIO, Cholera morbus. 
BILITICUS, Cholagogue. 
BILIVERD'IN, from bills, 'bile,' and viridis, 
'green.' On adding an acid to a solution of the 
yellow colouring matter of bile, a precipitate of 
green flocculi takes place, which possesses all the 
properties of chlorophyll, or the green colouring 
matter of leaves. This is the biliverdin of Ber- 
zelius. 
BILOCULAR, see Unilocular. 
BILUMBI BITING-BING, Malus Indica. 
BI'MANUS, from bis and mantis, 'a hand. 
One that has two hands. A term applied only 
to man, because he is the sole mammiferous ani- 
mal that possesses two perfect hands. 
BINDER, Bandage. 
BINDERS, OBSTETRIC, see Belt, Russian. 
BINDWEED, Polygonum aviculare - b. Fid- 
dle-leaved, Convolvulus panduratus - b. Great, 
Convolvulus sepium - b. Lavender-leaved, Con- 
volvulus Cantabrica-b. Sea, Convolvulus solda- 
nella-b. Virginian, Convolvulus panduratus. 
BINKOHUMBA, Phyllanthus urinaria. 
BINOC'ULAR, Binocula' ris: same etymon as 
the next. Relating to or affecting both eyes-as 
' binocular vision'-vision with both eyes ; or from 
impressions made upon both retina), which are 
amalgamated into single vision. 
BINOC'ULUS, Bin'ocle, Diophthal'mica Fas'- 
cia, Oc'ulis duplex, from bis, 'twice,' and oculus, 
'an eye.' (F.) (EH double. A bandage applied 
over both eyes. It was, also, formerly called 
Diopktkal'mus. 
BIN'SICA. Disorder of the mind. Accord- 
ing to Van Helmont, an atrophy of the organ 
of imagination. 
BIOCHYMIA, Chymistry, vital. 
BIOD, Vis vitalis. 
BIODYNAM'ICS, Biodynam'ica, Biodynam'- 
ice, Biosoph'ia, from (iio;, 'life,' and &vvayit, 
'power,' 'force.' The doctrine of the vital ac- 
tivity, or forces. 
BIOGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
BIOLOGY, Physiology. 
B I OL Y C UN 10N, Biolych'nium, from 0iot, 
'life,' and 'a lamp.' Innate heat, vital 
heat, animal heat. Lych'nium, Lychnid'ium, 
Tkertnum em'pkytum, Flamma seu Flam'mula BIOLYSIS 
vita'lia seu cordis. Also, a secret preparation of 
which Beguin and Burgrave make mention. 
BIOLYSIS, see Biolytic. 
BIOLYT'IC, Biolyt'icu* ; from j3<oj, 'life,' and 
Xvais, ' solution.' Relating to the destruction of 
life. A 'biolytic agent' is one that causes biol'y- 
sis, or destruction of life.-Schultz. 
BIOMAGNETISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
BIONOMY, Physiology. 
BIOPIItENOMENOLOGIA, Physiology. > 
BIOS, /hoj. Life. Also, what is necessary for 
the preservation of life. 
BIOSOPHIA, Biodynamics. 
BIOSTATICS, Statistics, medical. 
BIOTE, Life. 
B 10 T II AN'ATI, Biaiothan'ati, from 0ios, 
'life,' and Savaros, 'death.' Those who die of a 
violent death very suddenly, or as if there was 
no space between life and death. 
BIOTIC, Vital. 
BIOTICS, Physiology. 
BIOTOMIA, Vivisection. 
BIPARIETAL SUTURE, Sagittal suture. 
BIPIN'NA, from bis, 'twice,' and pinna, 'a 
wing-feather.' A term used by the ancients for a 
diminutive penis, not exceeding in size two quills. 
BIR, Thorax. 
BIRA, Cerevisia. 
BIRCH, Betula alba-b. Black, Betula lenta- 
b. Cherry, Betula lenta - b. Sweet, Betula lenta. 
BIRDS' NEST, Hypopitys lanuginosa. 
BIRTil, CROSS, Presentation, preternatural 
b. Live, see Born alive - b. Plural, see Multi- 
parous. 
BIRTHWORT, Aristolochia - b. Snakeroot, 
Aristoloehia serpentaria. 
BISCHE, Biecho. A malignant kind of dy- 
sentery, which often prevails in the island of 
Trinidad. 
BISCUIT, Biscoc'tus, bis, 'twice,' and cactus, 
'baked,' (F.) bis and cuit, 'twice baked.' A 
kind of dry, hard bread, or cake, which is va- 
riously made; and, when without eggs or butter, 
is easy of digestion. It was formerly called Bi- 
pyri'tes, and Di'pyros. 
BISCUIT, MEAT. An alimentary prepara- 
tion, proposed by Mr. G. Borden, Jr., of Texas, 
which consists in combining the matters ex- 
tracted from meat by boiling with flour, so as to 
form biscuits; which keep well, and are of course 
nutritive. 
BISERMAS, Salvia sclarea. 
BISFERIENS, Dicrotus. 
BISHOP'S WEED, Ammi. 
BISLINGUA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
BISMALVA, Althaea. 
BISMUTH, Antimo'ntum album, Chalcitas, 
Luna imperfec'ta, Stannum glacia'le seu cinereum, 
Bismu'thum, Wismu'thum. Reg'ulus of Bis'muth, 
Marcasi'ta, Tin, glass, (F.) Etain gris, E. de 
Glace. A metal, in spicular plates, of a yel- 
lowish-white colour; s. gr. 9.822; fusible at 400° 
Fahrenheit, and volatilizable at a high tempera- 
ture. It is used only in the preparation of the 
subnitrate. 
Bismuth, Oxyd of, Bismuth, Subnitrate of- 
b. Regulus of, Bismuth. 
Bismuth, Subni'trate of, Bismu'thi subni'tras, 
Marcasi'ta, alba, Plumbum cine'reum, Magiste'- 
rium Marcasi'ta seu Bismuthi, Bismu'thum Nit'- 
ricum, B. Subnit'ricum, Nitron Subbismu'thicum, 
Nitras Bismuthi, Calx Vismu'thi, Bismu'thum 
oxydula'tum album, Oxyd of Bismuth, Mag"istery 
of Bismuth, Pearl White, Spanish White. (F.) 
Sousnitrate de bismuth, Oxide blanc de B., Blanc 
de fard, Blanc de perle. (Bismuth, in frustulis, 
5j. Acid nitric, Aq. destill, q. s. Mix a 
fluid ounce of distilled water with the nitric acid, 
135 
BI ST OUR I 
and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture. When 
the solution is complete, pour the clear liquor 
into three pints of distilled water, and set the 
mixture by, that the powder may subside. Lastly, 
having poured off the supernatant fluid, wash the 
subnitrate of bismuth with distilled water, wrap 
it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle 
heat. Ph. U. S.) It is considered to be tonic 
and antispasmodic, and has been chiefly used in 
gastrodynia. 
Bismuth, Vale'rianate of, Bismu'thi valeri- 
anas, Bismu'thum valerian'icurn. Prepared by 
mixing a neutral solution of oxide of bismuth in 
nitric acid, with valerianate of soda; washing, 
and drying the precipitate. Used in gastrodynia, 
chronic gastralgia, neuralgia, and chronic palpi- 
tation, as a nervine. Dose, | a grain to 2 grains, 
three or four times a day, in pill. 
BISMUTHI NITRAS, Bismuth, Subnitrate 
of-b. Valerianas, Bismuth, valerianate of. 
BISMUTHUM, Bismuth - b. Nitricum, Bis- 
muth, subnitrate of-b. Oxydulatum album, 
Bismuth, subnitrate of-b. Subnitrieum, Bismuth, 
subnitrate of-b. Valerianicum, Bismuth, vale- 
rianate of. 
BISPIRUS. Dipnoos. 
BISSUM, Hydrangea arborescens. 
BISSUS. The silky filaments which fix the 
Pinna Mari'na to the rocks. In Italy and Cor- 
sica, clothes are made of these, which are consi- 
dered to favour perspiration, and are recom- 
mended to be worn next the skin in rheumatism, 
gout, Ac. See Byssus. 
BISTORT, OFFICINAL, Pylygonum bistorta 
-b. Virginian, Polygonum virginianum. 
BISTORTA, Polygonum bistorta. 
BISTORTIER, (F.) A name given by the 
Pharmacien to a long wooden pestle used for 
reducing soft substances to powder, and in the 
preparation of electuaries. 
BISTOURI, (F.) Pistorien'sis gla'dius, Scal- 
pel'lus, Scal'peum, Bistoury. A small cutting- 
knife, used in surgery,-so called, according to 
Huet, from the town of Pistori, which was for- 
merly celebrated for the manufacture of those 
instruments. A bistoury has the form of a small 
knife, and is composed of a blade and handle. 
The blade, which is most commonly movable in 
the handle, may be fixed by a button, spring, <tc. 
When fixed,in the handle, the bistouri is called 
by the French, B. ci lame fixe ou dormante. 
The chief bistouries are :-1. The straight B. 
(F.) B. droit, in which the blade and cutting 
edge are straight, the point being fine, round, or 
square. 2. The convex B. (F.) B. convexe; the 
blade of which is convex at the cutting edge, 
concave at the back. 3. The concave B. (F.) 
B. concave ; the blade of which is concave at its 
edge, and convex at the back. 4. Blunt-pointed 
B. (F.) B. boutonni; the blade of which has a 
button at its extremity. 5.The blunt or probe- 
pointed Bistoury of Pott; concave at its cut- 
ting edge, and its point blunt; so that it can be 
carried on the palmar surface of the index finger, 
to divide the stricture, in strangulated hernia. 
Sir Astley Cooper has recommended a useful 
modification of this, to avoid wounding the intes- 
tine, should it come in contact with the edge of 
the knife. His Bistoury has an edge of not more 
than eight lines in length, situate about five lined 
from the point. 6. Bistouri a la lime, (F.) is 
a straight bistoury ; the blade fixed in the handle, 
the extremity with a button, and the edge made 
with a file. It is chiefly used for dilating parts. 
7. Bistouri royal, (F.) A Bistoury used in ope- 
rating upon Louis XIV., for fistula in ano. 8. 
Bistouri gastrique, (F.) A complicated instru- 
ment, invented by Morand, for dilating wounds BIT NOBEN 
of the abdomen. 9. Bistohri cache, B. herniaire, 
ou Attrape-lourdaud de Biennaise, Forceps de- 
cepto'ria. A curved bistouri, the blade of which 
is placed in a canula, whence it issues on press- 
ing a spring. 
The word ZZiatoun is used by the French, at 
times, where we would employ knife. 
BIT NOBEN, Salt of Bitu'men, Padnoon, 
Soucherloon, Khala mimuc. A white, saline sub- 
stance, which is a Hindoo preparation of great 
antiquity, and has been supposed to be the Sal 
asphalti'tes and Sal Sodome'nue of the ancients. 
It is used by the Hindoo in the prevention or 
cure of almost all diseases. 
BITIINIMAL'CA, Gas'teranaz, Two un- 
meaning words, used by Dolaeus, to designate an 
active principle supposed to have its seat in the 
stomach, and to preside over chymification, <tc. 
BITIOS DE KIS, Proctocace. 
BITTER, Amarus-b. Bark, Pinckneya pu- 
bens - b. Bloom, Chironia angularis - b. Holy, 
Hiera picra - b. Redberry, Cornus Florida - b. 
Root, Apoeynum androstemifolium, Gentiana 
Catesbmi, Menyanthes verna-b. Sweet night- 
shade, Solanum Dulcamara-b. Sweet vine, So- 
lanum Dulcamara. 
BIT'TERNESS, Amaritu'do, Amarit' ies, Am- 
a'ror, Pi'cria, (F.) Amertume. A particular taste, 
which belongs to many substances. In some 
diseases there is a sense of bitterness felt in the 
mouth. 
BITTERS, COLUMBO, Tinctura Calumbae- 
b. Spirit, Tinctura gentianae composita-b. Wine, 
Vinum gentianae compositum. 
BITTERSWEET, Solanum dulcamara. 
BITTERWEED, Ambrosia trifida. 
BITTERWOOD TREE, Quassia. 
BITTOS. A disease, in which the chief symp- 
tom is an acute pain in the anus.-Chomel. 
BITUMEN, GLUTINOUS, Pissasphaltum - 
b. Judaicum, Asphaltum - b. of Juda?a, Asphal- 
tum-b. Petroleum, Petrolaeum-b. Malta, Pissas- 
phaltum-b. Salt of, Bitnoben - b. Solidum, As- 
phaltum. 
BIVENTER, Digastricus - b. Cervicis, Com- 
plexus museulus - b. Maxillae, Digastricus. 
BIVENTRAL LOBE OF THE CEREBEL- 
LUM, see Lobe, biventral. 
BIXA AMERICANA, see Terra Orleana - b. 
Orleana, see Terra Orleana - b. Orellana, see 
Terra Orleana. 
BLABE, Wound. 
BL ACC IAS, Rubeola. 
BLACIA, Debility. 
BLACKBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus 
fruticosus - b. High or standing, see Rubus fru- 
ticosus. 
BLACK DOSE, see Infusum Sennae compo- 
situm. 
BLACK DRAUGHT, see Infusum Sennae 
compositum. 
BLACK DROP, Guttae nigrae. 
BLACK LION. A term given to a sloughing 
syphilitic ulcer, under which the British soldiers 
suffered greatly in Portugal. 
BLACK ROOT, Aletris farinosa, Leptandria 
purpurea. 
BLACKWATER, Pyrosis. 
BLADDER, GALL, see Gall Bladder-b. Irri- 
table, Cysterethismus - b. Swim, Air bladder - 
b. Urinary, see Urinary Bladder. 
BLADUM, BIS. 
BL A1SITAS, Blaea lingua. Some authors have 
used this word as synonymous with stammering. 
See Balbuties. Sauvages understands by it a 
defect in pronunciation, which consists in substi- 
136 
bl£ 
-- 
tuting soft consonants forthose that are hard; 
as the z for s, the d for t, the s for g and J, <tc. 
Also, Lisping, Traulis'mus, Trau'lotes, (F.) Bli- 
site, Ble (parler.) 
BLA3S0P0DES, see Kyllosis. 
BLJESOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
BLA3SUS. A distortion; especially the out- 
ward distortion of the legs. Also, a stammerer. 
BLAF ARD, (F.) Pal'lidus, Pallid'ulus. This 
epithet is sometimes given to the skin, when pale 
and dull; but, most frequently, to the flesh of a 
wound, when it has lost its colour, and become 
white. The word is, also, sometimes used syno- 
nymously with Albino. 
BLANC DE BALEINE, Cetaeeum - &. de 
Fard, Bismuth, subnitrate of-b. de V(Eil, Scle- 
rotic- b. d'CEuf, Albumen ovi-b. de Perle, Bis- 
muth, subnitrate of. 
BLANC-MANGER, (F.) Ctt>u« albus, Leuco- 
pha'gium, Leucoph' agum, Argyrotrophe'ma. An 
animal jelly, so called on account of its colour, 
combined with an emulsion of sweet almonds, to 
which sugar has been added, and some aromatic. 
It is sometimes prescribed as a nutriment in con- 
valescence and chronic diseases. 
BLANC-RAISIN, Blanc Rhazis. 
BLANC RHAZIS, Blanc-raisin. An oint- 
ment composed of cerussa, white wax, and olive 
oil. 
BLANCA, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
BLANCH, TO, from (F.) blanchir, 'to whiten, 
to bleach.' To whiten by depriving of the outer 
rind; as 'to blanch almonds;' i. e. to peel them. 
BLANCHET, (F.) A blanket. A term given, 
by the French Pharmaeiens, to the woollen 
strainer through which they filter syrup and 
other thick fluids. See, also, Aphtha:. 
BLANCHING, Etiolation. 
BLANCNON ORIBASII, Polypodium filix 
mas. 
BLAS. An unmeaning term, invented by Van 
Helmont to designate a kind of movement in the 
body; at times, local,-at others, under extrane- 
ous influence. Thus, he speaks of the Blas mete- 
oros of the heavenly bodies, and the Blas huma'- 
num, that which operates in man. 
Blas Altekativum, Plastic force. 
BLASE, (F.) An epithet given to one whom 
the abuse of enjoyment has prevented from any 
longer deriving satisfaction or pleasure from it. 
BLASTE'MA, Blaste'sis, from (ibaoravu, 'I 
bud.' A germ. The sense of this word, which 
is often used by Hippocrates, is obscure. Castelli 
thinks it means the eruption of some morbific 
principle at the surface of the body. Also, the 
matrix or general formative element of tissues. 
BLAS'TEMAL, Blastema'Us. Relating or ap- 
pertaining to a blastema, - as ' blastemal forma- 
tions,' those that are formed from a blastema. 
BLASTODERMA, see Molecule. 
BLATTA BYZAN'TIA, Unguis odora'tus, (F.) 
Blatte de Byzance. This name seems, formerly, 
to have been given to a marine production froiU 
some of the Conchylia. It had an agreeable 
smell, a reddish tint, and the shape of a nail. It 
was prescribed in epilepsy, hysteria, and hepatic 
obstructions. Rondelet affirms that it was the 
production of the shell-fish murex or purpura; 
and that the name Blatta is derived from the 
Greek fibarrus, 'purple.' 
BLAVELLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
BLAVEOLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
BLAVEROLLE, Centaurea cyanus. 
BLAZING-STAR, Chamaelirium luteum, Li- 
atris. 
BLE, Bladum. This word, answers, in France, BLE 
to the word Corn in England; i. e. any kind of 
grain employed for making bread. Wheat being 
most commonly used for this purpose, Ble is 
sometimes restricted to this. Ble nieteil is a 
mixture of wheat and rye. 
BLE CORNU, Ergot-b. d'Espagne, Zea mays 
- b. d'Italie, Zea Mays - b. Meteil, see BIS - 
b. Noir, Polygonum fagopyrum - b. de Turquie, 
Zea mays. 
BLE (PABLER,) Blfesitas. 
BLEABERRY, Vaccinium myrtillus. 
BLEACHING LIQUID, Eau de javelle. 
BLEAR-EYE, Lippitudo. 
BLEB, Bulla. 
BLEC1IN0N, Polypodium filix mas. 
BLECIINUM LIGNIFOLIUM, Asplenium 
Scolopendrium- b. Squamosum, Asplenium ce- 
terach. 
BLECIIROPYRA, see Blechros. 
BLECHROPYRUS, Typhus mitior. 
BLECHROS, (SXriXpos, 'weak, feeble, slow.' 
An epithet applied to different affections, and 
particularly to fevers. Hence Blechrop'yra, 'a 
slow fever:' Blechrogphyg'mia, 'a slow pulse.' 
BLECHROSPIIYGMIA, see Blechros. 
BLED, Corn. 
BLEEDING, Bloodletting, Haemorrhagia. 
BLEEDING FROM THE NOSE, Epistaxis 
-b. Heart, Cypripedium luteum. 
BLEME, (F.) This word has nearly the same 
signification as Blafard. Generally, however, it 
includes, also, emaciation of the countenance. 
BLENNA, Mucus-b. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
BLENNADENI'TIS, from flXcvva, 'mucus,' 
abriv, ' a gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of mucous follicles. 
BLENNELYT'RIA, from (iXtvva, 'mucus,' and 
eXvrpov, ' a sheath.' A discharge of mucus from 
the vagina. Leucorrhoea.-Alibert. 
BLENNEM'ESIS. Blennoem'esis, Vom'itua 
pituito'eug, from fiXcvva, 'mucus,' and epeais, 
'vomiting.' Vomiting of mucus. 
BLENNENTERIA, Dysentery. 
BLENNISTH'MIA, from 0Xevva, 'mucus,' and 
KtSpof, ' the gullet. Increased flow of mucus 
from the pharynx and larynx.-Alibert. 
BLENNOCHEZIA, Diarrhoea, mucous. 
BLENNOCYSTIDES, Bursae mucosae. 
BLENNODES, Muciform. 
BLENNOEMESIS, Blennemesis. 
BLENNOG"ENOUS, Blennog"enug, Mucif'ic, 
Mucif'icus, from (LXtvva, ' mucus,' and yevaw, ' I 
form.' Forming or generating mucus. Breschet 
and Roussel de Vauzeme describe an apparatus 
of this kind for the secretion of the mucous mat- 
ter that constitutes the cuticle, composed of a 
glandular parenchyma or organ of secretion situ- 
ate in the substance of the true skin, and of 
excretory ducts, which issue from the organ, 
and deposite the mucous matter between the 
papillae. 
BLENNOIDES, Muciform. 
BLENNOIDEUS, Muciform. 
BLENNOPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia, (puru- 
lent.) 
BLENNOP'TYSIS, from (3Xcvva, and irrvu), 'I 
spit.' Expectoration of mucus. Catarrh. 
BLENNOP'YRA, Blennopy'ria, from (iXivva, 
and irvp, 'fire.' Alibert has classed, under this 
head, various fevers with mucous complications; 
as Mesenteric fever, Adeno-meningeal fever, <tc. 
BLENNORRHAGIA, Gonorrhoea-b. Genita- 
lium, Leucorrhoea-b. Notha, Gonorrhoea spuria 
-b. Spuria, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
BLENNORRHAGIC EPIDIDYMITIS, Her- 
nia humoralis. 
137 
BLEPHAROPTOSIS 
BLENNORRHAGIE FAUSSE, Gonorrhoea 
spuria-b. du Gland, Gonorrhoea spuria. 
BLENNORRHINIA, Coryza. 
BLENNORRHCE'A, Blennorrhoe, Blcnnor- 
rhag"ia, Phlegmorrhoe'a, Phlegmorrhag" ia, from 
fiXivva, 'mucus/ and ptu, 'I flow.' Inordinate 
secretion and discharge of mucus. Also, Gonor- 
rhoea. 
Blennorrriea Chronica, (gleet,) see Gonor- 
rhoea-b. Genitalium, Leucorrhoea - b. Luodes, 
Gonorrhoea impura-b. Nasalis, Coryza-b. Oculi, 
see Ophthalmia - b. Oculi gonorrhoica, see Oph- 
thalmia-b. Oculi neonatorum, see Ophthalmia- 
b. Oculi purulenta, see Ophthalmia-b. Urethralis, 
Gonorrhoea, Cystorrhoea-b. Ventriculi, Gastror- 
rhoea-b. Vesicas, Cystorrhoea. 
BLENNO'SES, from SXtwa, 'mucus.' Affec- 
tions of the mucous membranes.-Alibert. 
BLENNOTHORAX, Catarrh, Peripneumonia 
notha-b. Chronicus, Asthma humidum. 
BLENNOTORRHCEA, Otirrhoea. 
BLENNURETHRIA, Gonorrhoea. 
BLENNURIA, Cystorrhoea. 
BLEPHARADENITIS, Ophthalmia Tarsi. 
BLE PH AR AN TH RAC O'SIS, Blephari- 
tis gangrceno'sa, Carbun cula'tio Oc'uli. Gangre- 
nous inflammation of the eyelids. 
BLEPHARELOSIS, Entropion. 
BLEPHARIDES, Cilia. 
BLEPHARIDOPLASTICE, Blepharoplastice. 
BLEPHARISMUS, Nictation. 
BLEPHARITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi - b. Gan- 
graenosa, Blepharanthracosis. 
BLEPHAROBLENNORRIICEA, Ophthalmia, 
purulent - b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (pu- 
rulenta infantum.) 
BLEPH'ARO-CONJUNCTIVI'TIS, Blepha- 
rosyndesmi'tis, from flXtipapov, 'an eyelid,' anol 
conjunctiva. Ophthalmia affecting the conjunc- 
tiva and eyelids. 
BLEPHARODYSCHRCE'A, from [IXtipapov, the 
'eyelid,' <5uj, 'with difficulty,' and %poa, 'colour.' 
Discoloration of the eyelid. Naevus of the eye- 
lid.-Von Ammon. 
BLEPHARG3DEMA AQUOSUM, Hydroble- 
pharon. 
BLEPHARON, Palpebra-b. Atoniaton, Ble- 
pharoptosis. 
BLEPHARONCO'SIS, Blepharon'cus, Ble- 
pharophy'ma, Palpebra'rum Tumor, from (3Xi<f>a- 
pov, ' eyelid,' and oy*oj, ' tumour.' A tumour of 
the eyelid. 
BLEPHARONCUS, Blepharoncosis. 
BLEPHAROPTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi 
-b. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia-b. Purulenta, 
Blepharopyorrhoea. 
BLEPHAROPHTHALMITIS GLANDULO- 
SA, Ophthalmia, purulent, of infants. 
BLEPHAROPHYMA, Blepharoncosis. 
BLEPHAROPLAS'TICE, Blepharidoplas'tice, 
Insit"io Cilio'rum, from 'the eyelid,' 
and irXaariKos, 'forming,' 'formative.' The for- 
mation of a new eyelid. 
BLEPHAROPLEGIA, Blepharoptosis. 
BLEPHAROPTO'SIS, Blepharople'gia, Casus 
pal'pebrce superio'ris, Delap'sue pal'pebrce, Pro- 
lap'sus pal'pebrce, Propto'sis pal'pebrce, Pto'sis 
pal'pebrce, Atoniaton blepharon, from [!Xc<papov, 
' the eyelid/ and irroxny, ' fall.' A falling down 
of the upper eyelid over the eye, caused by a 
paralysis of the Levator palpebrce superioris mus- 
cle. This paralysis is an unfavourable symptom, 
as it is generally connected with a state of the 
brain favouring apoplexy or palsy. 
Blepharoptosis Ectropium, Ectropium - b. 
Entropion, Entropion. BLEPHAROPYORRH(EA 
BLEPIIAROPYORRHCE'A, Blepharophthal'- 
mia purulen'ta, Pyorrhoe'a pal'pebra, from 
apov, 'eyelid;' rvov, 'pus,' and pew, 'I flow.' 
Secretion of pus from the eyelids. 
Blepiiaro-pyorriicea Neonatorum, see Oph- 
thalmia (purulenta infantum.) 
BLEPIIARORRHCE'A, from 'eye- 
lid,' and piu>, ' I flow.' A discharge of mucus 
from the eyelids. 
BLEPHAROSPAS'MUS, from 'eye- 
lid,' and anaaiios, ' spasm.' A spasmodic action 
of the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 
B L E P H A ROSYNDESMITIS, Blepharocon- 
junctivitis. 
BLEPHAROTIS, Ophthalmia tarsi-b. Glan- 
dularis contagiosa, see Ophthalmia. 
BLEPHAROTITIS, Ophthalmia tarsi. 
BLEP1IAROTOSIS, Ectropium. 
B L E PIIAR 0 X Y S'TUM, Blepharoxys'trum, 
from [SXcibapov, ' eyelid,' and ' I scrape.' An 
instrument used, by the ancients, for removing 
callosities, which made their appearance in the 
affection called, by the Greeks, rpa^w^u.-Paulus 
of JEgina, Gorraeus. 
BLEPIIIL'IA HIRSU'TA, Ohio Horsemint, 
Hairy Horsemint; an indigenous plant of the 
Mint family, Labiates, which has the aromatic 
properties of the Mints. 
BLESITE, Blaesitas. 
BLESSUBE, Abortion, Wound. 
BLESTRIS'MUS. Restlessness of the sick.- 
Hippocrates. 
BLETA. A word, used by Paracelsus for white 
or milky urine, arising from diseased kidneys. 
Biota alba has the same meaning. 
BLEU DE P BUSSE, Prussian blue. 
BLEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ble- 
ville is a village about two miles from Havre. 
The waters are acidulous chalybeate. 
BLIGHT IN THE EYE, Ophthalmia, catar- 
rhal. 
BLINDNESS, Caecitas-b. Colour, Achroma- 
topsia. 
BLISTER, Vesicato'rium, Emplas'trum Vesica- 
to'rium, Emplas'trum Lyttce,Epispas'tieum, Blister 
plaster, from vesica, 'a bladder,' (F.) Vesicatoire, 
Vesicant. Any substance which, when applied to 
the skin, irritates it, and occasions a serous secre- 
tion, raising the epidermis, and inducing a vesicle. 
Various articles produce this effect, as cantha- 
rides, mustard, garou, euphorbium, garlic, ammo- 
nia, &c. Blisters are used as counter-irritants. 
By exciting a disease artificially on the surface, 
we can often remove another which may be at 
the time existing internally. A perpetual blister 
is one that is kept open for a longer or a shorter 
time by means of appropriate dressings. 
Blister or vesication also means the vesicle 
produced by vesieatories. 
Blister, Magistral, (F.) Vesicatoire magis- 
tral. A prompt means of producing vesication 
reommended by M. Valleix. It is prepared as 
follows :-Take powdered cantharides and icheat- 
jlower, of each equal parts; vinegar, a sufficient 
quantity to form a soft paste. 
Blister Beetle, Cantharis. 
Blister Fly, Cantharis. 
Blister Plaster, Blister. 
BLISTERWEED, Ranunculus acris. 
BLISTERING FLY, Cantharis-b. Paper, see 
Sparadrapum vesicatorium-b. Tissue, Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 
BLITUM AMERICANUM, Phytolacca de- 
candra. 
BLOOD, Anglo-Saxon, blob, from bleban, 'to 
bleed.' Sanguis, Oruor, Lapis anima'lis, Hcema, 
'aiga, (F.) Sang. An animal fluid formed chiefly 
from the chyle; acquiring important properties 
138 
BLOOD 
during respiration ; entering every organ through 
the circulation; distributing the nutritive princi- 
ples to every texture, and the source of every 
secretion. The blood is white in the molluscous 
and inferior animals, which have been, hence, 
called white-blooded, to distinguish them from 
the red-blooded, which class includes the mam- 
malia, birds, reptiles, and fishes. Human blood 
is composed of water, albumen, fibrin, an animal 
colouring substance, a little fatty matter-hama- 
tela'um, and different salts; as chlorides of potas- 
sium and sodium, phosphate of lime, subcarbonate 
of soda, lime, magnesia, oxide of iron, and lactate 
of soda, united with an animal matter. Arterial 
blood is of a florid red colour, strong smell, temp. 
100°; s. g. 1.049. Venous blood is of a brownish 
red: temp. 98°; s. g. 1.051. The difference in 
colour has given occasion to the first being called 
red blood; the latter, black. The former, which 
is distributed from the heart, is nearly the same 
through its whole extent: the latter is the re- 
mains of the arterial blood after the different 
elements have been taken from it in nutrition, 
and probably differs in composition. It likewise 
contains different substances absorbed. Venous 
blood, taken from a vessel and left to itself, be- 
comes solid, and separates into two distinct parts, 
-the serum or watery, supernatant fluid; and 
the cruor, coag'ulum, crassamen'tum, hepar seu 
placen'ta san'guinis, placen'ta cruo'ris, in'sula, 
thrombus, or clot. The serum is chiefly water, 
holding albumen in solution and the salts of the 
blood. The clot contains the fibrin, colouring 
matter - hoematosin, a little serum, and a small 
quantity of salts. M. Le Canu found the blood to 
be composed-in 1000 parts-of water, 785.590; 
albumen, 69.415 ; fibrin, 3.565 ; colouring matter, 
119.626; crystallizable fatty matter, 4.300; oily 
matter, 2.270; extractive matter soluble in alco- 
hol and water, 1.920; albumen combined w ith 
soda, 2.010; chlorides of sodium and potassium; 
alkaline phosphates, sulphates, and subcarbon- 
ates, 7.304; subcarbonate of lime and magnesia, 
phosphate of lime, magnesia and iron, peroxide 
of iron, 1.414; loss, 2.586. The four principal 
components of the blood are fibrin, albumen, 
corpuscles, and saline matter. In the circulating 
blood they are thus combined- 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Salts, 
In solution forming Liquor Sangui- 
nis. 
Red Corpuscles-suspended in the Liquor San- 
guinis. 
In coagulated blood they are thus combined: 
Fibrin, 
Red Corpuscles, 
Albumen, 
Salts, 
Remaining in solution, forming 
serum. 
Forming the crassamentum or 
clot. 
The following table exhibits the computations 
of different physiologists regarding the weight 
of the circulating fluid-arterial and venous. 
Harvey, 
Lister, 
Moulins, 
Ahildguard, 
lbs 
-. 8 
Blumenbacii, 
Lobb, 
Lower, 
10 
Sprengel t0 ]3 
Gunther to 20 
Bl?ke - to 18} 
Muller and Burdachoq 
Wagner20 to 25 
Q,uesnai 2y 
F Hoffmann 
Haller28 to 30 
Young, 
Hainbergergo 
Keilljoo BLOODING 
The proportion of arterial blood to venous is 
about 4 to 9. 
Much attention has been paid to the varying 
condition of the blood in disease. The average 
proportion of each of the organic elements in 
1000 parts of healthy blood is as follows, accord- 
ing to Le Canu, and MM. Andral and Gavarret:- 
fibrin, 3; red corpuscles, 127; solid matter of the 
serum, 80 ; water, 790. 
Dried human blood was, at one time, consi- 
dered to be anti-epileptic; that of the goat, dried, 
Sanguis hirci sicea'tw, sudorific and antipleu- 
retic. 
Blood, Arterial, see Blood - b. Black, see 
Blood-b. Black, Vascular system of, see Vascu- 
lar-b. Casein, Globulin-b. Cerpuscles, Globules 
of the blood-b. Disease, Ilsematonosos-b. Disks, 
Globules of the blood-b. Dried, see Blood-b. 
Loss of, Ilaemorrhagia-b. Red, see Blood-b. 
Red, system of, see Vascular - b. Spitting of, 
Haemoptysis-b. Venous, see Blood-b. Vomit- 
ing of, Haematemesis-b. White, Lymph. 
BLOODING, Bloodletting. 
BLOODLESSNESS, Anmmia. 
BLOOD-LETTING, Missio seu Detrac'tio 
San'guinis, Hcemax'is, Cataschas'mus, Blooding, 
Bleeding, (F.) Saignle, Emission sanguine. A 
discharge of a certain quantity of blood produced 
by art: an operation which consists in making 
an opening into a vessel to draw blood from it. 
When practised on an artery, it is called Arteri- 
ot'omy ; on a vein, Phlebot'omy, Venaisec'tio, Ve- 
nesection ; and on the capillary vessels, local or 
capillary, in contradistinction to the former, 
which is termed general. Blood-letting is used 
both during the existence of a disease, as in in- 
flammation, and in the way of prophylaxis. It 
is employed to fulfil various indications. 1. To 
diminish the actual mass of blood; - when it is 
termed, by the French pathologists, Saignee £va- 
cuative. In such case, fluids ought not to be al- 
lowed too freely afterwards. 2. To diminish the tur- 
gescence in any particular organ-( (F.) Saignee 
revulsive, Revulsive bloodletting or bleeding, Ve- 
ncesec'tio revulso'ria, when performed far from the 
part affected; and Saignte derivative, when near.) 
3. To diminish the consistence of the blood, (F.) 
Saignee spoliative. The immediate effects of 
blood-letting are: diminution of the mass of 
blood and of heat; retardation of the pulse, and 
sometimes syncope. Blood-letting from the veins 
-phlebotomy, is practised on the subcutaneous 
veins of the neck, the face, the fore-arm, and the 
leg; sometimes on those of the hand or foot. 
The necessary apparatus consists of a bandage 
or riband, a compress of rag, and a lancet or 
phleam. 
The veins selected for the operation, are, 1. In 
the fold of the arm, five;-the cephalic, basilic, 
the two median, and the anterior cubital. 2. In 
the hand, the cephalic and salvatella. 3. In the 
foot, the great and little saphena. 4. In the neck, 
the external jugular. 5. In the forehead, the 
frontal. 6. In the mouth, the ranine. The ope- 
ration of phlebotomy in the limbs is performed 
by tying a circular bandage round the limb, in 
order that the subcutaneous veins may become 
turgid by the course of the blood being ob- 
structed : the bandage not being so tight, how- 
ever, as to compress the arteries of the limb. A 
puncture is made into the vein, and the desired 
quantity allowed to flow. The ligature is now 
removed, and a compress and retaining bandage 
applied. Capillary or local blood-letting is prac- 
tised on the skin or mucous membranes, by 
means of leeches, the lancet, or cupping. 
139 
BOISSE 
Bloodletting, Capillary, see Bloodletting- 
b. Derivative, see Bloodletting-b. Evaeuative, 
see Bloodletting-b. General, see Bloodletting- 
b. Local, see Bloodletting - b. Revulsive, see 
Bloodletting-b. Spoliative, see Bloodletting. 
BLOODLIKE, Sanguine. 
BLOODROOT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
BLOODSHOT, Hyperremic. 
BLOODSTONE, Haematites. 
BLOOD VESICLE, Globule of the blood. 
BLOOD VESSEL, (F.) Vaisseau sanguin. 
vessel destined to contain and convey blood. 
Blood Vessel, breaking, bursting, ruptur- 
ing of A. Haemorrhagia. 
BLOODWEED, Asclepias curassavica. 
BLOODWORT, Sanguinaria Canadensis. 
BLOODY, Sanguin1 eus, Cruen'tus, Sanguin'- 
eous, (F.) Sanguin. Having the character of 
blood. Relating to blood. See Sanguine. 
BLOOM, HONEY, Apocynum androsaemifo- 
lium. 
BLOTA ALBA, Bleta. 
BLOW, Ictus, Plege, (F.) Coup. Effect pro- 
duced by one body striking another. The im- 
pression made by any body which strikes us, or 
against which we strike; - a common cause of 
wounds, contusions, fractures, Ac. 
BLOWING SOUND, Bruit de Souffle. 
BLUE-BELLS, Gentiana catesbaei. 
BLUE-BERRY, Caulophyllum thalictroides, 
Lantana. 
BLUE BOTTLE, Centaurea cyanus, Cyanus 
segetum. 
BLUE STONE, Cupri sulphas. 
BLUET DES MOISSONS, Cyanus segetum. 
BLUSH, see Flush. 
Blush, Cutaneous, see Efflorescence. 
BOA, Boia. An eruption of red, ichorous pim- 
ples.-Pliny. See, also, Hidroa and Sudamina. 
Boa Upas, Upas. 
B0A5, Syphilis. 
BOBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
BOCHIUM, Bronchocele. 
BOCIUM, Bronchocele. 
BOOKLET, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
springs of Booklet, in Bavaria, are acidulous 
chalybeates. 
BODY, Corpus, Soma, (F.) Corps; from (Teu- 
tonic) boden, the 'fundus or bottom.'(?) The 
human body is the collection of organs which 
compose the frame. At times, however, body is 
used synonymously with trunk. We say, also, 
body of the femur, of the sphenoid, Ac., to desig- 
nate the shaft or middle portion of those bones; 
body of the uterus, Ac. Also, the rectum. 
Body, Coming down of the, Proctocele. 
BODY-SNATCHER, Resurrectionist 
BOE, Cry. 
BOELLI, Intestines. 
BOETHEMA, Medicament. 
BOG-BEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata. 
BOHON UPAS, Upas. 
BOIA, Boa. 
BOIL, Furunculus-b. Gum, Parulis-b. Ma- 
lignant, see Furunculus-b. Wasp's nest, see Fu- 
runculus. 
BOIS DE CAMPECHE, Haematoxyhim Cam- 
pechianum-b. de Chypre, Rhodium lignum - b. 
de Couleuvre, see Strychnos - b. de Marais, Ce- 
phalanthus occidentalis-b. de Plomb, Dirca pa- 
lustris - b. Puant, Prunus padus - b. de Rose, 
Rhodium lignum-b. de Sappan, Cassalpinia sap- 
pan-6. Sudorifique, Wood, sudorific. 
BOISSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
waters are situate about half a league from Fon- 
tenay-le-Compte, in France. They are purgative, BOISSON 
and seem to contain carbonate and sulphate of 
lime and chloride of sodium. 
BOISSON, Drink. 
BOITE, (F.) A box or case, Capsa, Pyxis. 
An apparatus for the reception of any matters 
which it may be desirable to preserve. In Sur- 
gery and Anatomy Boltes d dissection, B. d am- 
putation, B. d trepan, B. d cataracte, &e., mean 
the cases containing these various instruments. 
Bolte du Crane is the bony case which receives 
the brain. Bolte is, also, the portion of the 
stem of the trephine which receives the pyra- 
mid or centre-pin. Bolte de Petit is a machine, 
invented, by M. Petit, to retain the fractured por- 
tions of bone in apposition, when the leg has been 
fractured in a complicated manner. Bolte is, also, 
a kind of case put before an artificial anus to re- 
ceive the fames, which are continually being dis- 
charged. The vulgar, in France, give the name 
Bolte to various articulations, - B. de genou, B. 
de la handle ; " knee-joint, hip-joint." 
B01TEMENT, Claudication. 
BOLTIER, (F.) Appareil, Cap'sula unguenta'- 
ria, Capsa'rium. A Dressing-case. A box, con- 
taining salves and different apparatus, used more 
particularly by the dressers in hospitals. 
BOL, Bolus-b. d'Armenie, Bole, Armenian- 
b. Blanc, Bolus alba. 
BOLA, Myrrha. 
BOLCHON, Bdellium. 
BOLE, Bolus, (F.) Bol, Terre bolaire, meant, 
with the older writers, argillaceous earth, used 
as an absorbent and alexipharmic. The various 
boles had different forms given to them, and were 
stamped, as in the following: 
Bole Arme'nian, Bole Arme'niac, B. Ar'me- 
nic, Argil'la ferrugin'ea rubra, A. Bolus rubra, 
Sinapi'sis, Arena'men, Bolus Orienta'lis, Bolus 
Armeniaca, B. Arme'nice, B. rubra, (F.) Bol 
d'Armenie. A red, clayey earth, found not only 
in Armenia, but in several countries of Europe,- 
in Tuscany, Silesia, France, <fcc. It was once 
esteemed a tonic and astringent, and was applied 
as a styptic. It is now, scarcely, if ever, used. 
It consists of argil, mixed with lime and iron. 
BOLESIS, Coral. 
BOLESON, Balsam. 
BO LET ODORANT, Daedalea suaveolens. 
BOLETUS AGARICUS, B. Laricis-b. Albus, 
Boletus laricis-b. Discoideus, Daedalea suaveo- 
lens. 
Bole'tus Esculen'tus, (F.) Morelle. An 
eatable mushroom, found in the woods in Eu- 
rope, and much admired by Gastronomes. It was 
formerly esteemed to be aphrodisiac. 
Boletus Fulvus, B.igniarius-b. Hippocrepis, 
B. igniarius. 
Bole'tus Ignia'rius. The systematic name 
for the Ag'aric, Agar'icus, Agar'icum of the 
Pharmacopoeias, Agar'icus Chirurgo'rum, Agar'- 
icus Quercils seu ignia'rius, Polyp'or us ignia'rius, 
Is'ca, Bole'tus ungula'tus seu fulvus seu hippo- 
crepis seu obtu'sus, Spunk, Am'adou, Punk, Fun- 
gus Ignia'rius, Fungus Querci'nus, Agaric of the 
Oak, Touchwood, Touchwood Boletus, Female 
Agaric, Tinder, (F.) Agaric de chene, Amadou- 
vier. It was formerly much used by surgeons as 
a styptic. 
Bole'tus Lar'icis, B. Larici'nus, Fun'gus 
Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, Agar'icus albus 
feu Lar'icis, Polyp'orus officina'lis, A. Albus op'- 
timus, B. purgans, B. albus, B. agar'icus, B. offi- 
cina'lis, White Agaric, (F.) Agaric blanc. On 
the continent of Europe it has been given as a 
cathartic and emetic, as well as to moderate the 
140 
BONE 
sweats in phthisis. - De Haen. Externally, 
styptic. 
Boletus Obtusus, B. igniarius-b. Officinalis, 
B. larieis-b. Purgans, Boletus laricis-b. Salicis, 
Daedalea suaveolens- b. Suaveolens, Dredalea 
suaveolens-b. Touchwood, Boletus igniarius. 
BOLI MARTIS, Ferrum tartarisatum. 
BOLISMOS, Boulimia, 
BOLI'TES. The mushroom; perhaps the 
Agar'icus Aurantiacus.- Pliny, Martial, Seuto- 
nius, Galen. It was so called, in consequence 
of its shape,-from Bolus. 
BOLUS, /?wAoj, a morsel, a mouthful, a bole, 
(F.) Bol. A pharmaceutical preparation, having 
a pilular shape, but larger; capable, however, of 
being swallowed as a pill. 
Bolus Alba, Terra Sigilla'ta, Argil'la pal- 
lid' ior: called sigilla'ta, from being commonly 
made into small cakes or flat masses, and stamped 
or sealed with certain impressions. (F.) Bol 
blanc, Terre Sigillee, Argile ochreuse pale. It 
was used like Bole Armenian, and was brought 
from Etruria. See Terra. 
Bolus, Alimen'tary, Bolus Alimenta'rius. 
The bole formed by the food, after it has under- 
gone mastication and insalivation in the mouth; 
and been collected upon the tongue prior to de- 
glutition. 
Bolus Orienta'lis. A kind of bolar earth, 
only distinguished from Bole Armenian in being 
brought from Constantinople. See Bole, Arme- 
nian. 
Bolus Rubra, Bole, Armenian. 
BOMA'REA SALSIL'LA. The inhabitants 
of Chili use this plant as a sudorific. It is given 
in infusion in cutaneous diseases. 
BOMBAX, Gossypium. 
BOMBEMENT, Bombus. 
BOMBUS, Au'rium fluctua'tio, A. SiVilus, A. 
Son'itus, A. Susur'rus, (F.) Bombement. A kind 
of ringing or buzzing in the ears;-characterized, 
according to Sauvages, by the perception of 
blows or beating repeated at certain intervals. 
Also, Borborygmus. See Flatulence, and Tin- 
nitus Aurium. 
BOMBYX MORI, see Sericum. 
BON, Coffea Arabica. 
BONA. Phaseolus vulgaris. 
BONANNIA OFFICINALIS, Sinapis alba. 
BONA FEVER, see Fever, Bona. 
BONDUE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
BONE, Os, Os'teon, Os'teum, (F.) Os, Saxon, 
ban. The bones are the solid and hard parts, 
which form the basis of the bodies of animals 
of the superior classes; and the union of which 
constitutes the skeleton. The human body has, 
at the adult age, 208 bones, without including 
the 32 teeth, the ossa Wormiana, and the sesa- 
moid bones. Anatomists divide them, from their 
shape, into 1. Long bones, which form part of the 
limbs, and represent columns for supporting the 
weight of the body, or levers of different kinds 
for the muscles to act upon. 2. Flat bones, which 
form the parietes of splanchnic cavities; and, 3. 
Short bones, met with in parts of the body where 
solidity and some mobility are necessary. Bones 
are formed of two different textures ; spongy and 
compact. They afford, on analysis, much phos- 
phate and carbonate of lime, a little phosphate 
of magnesia, phosphate of ammonia, oxides of 
iron and manganese, some traces of alumina and 
silica, gelatin, fat, and water. The uses of the 
bones are mentioned under each bone. They 
give shape to the body, contain and defend the 
viscera, and act as levers to the muscles. BONEBINDER 
- 
TABLE OF THE BONES. 
141 
BORBORUS 
is a village six leagues from Pau, in the depart- 
ment Basset Pyrenees, France. Here are several 
thermal springs. They were celebrated as early 
as the time of Francis I., under the name Eaux 
d'Arquebusade. They contain chlorides of sodium 
and magnesium, sulphates of magnesia and lime, 
sulphur, and silica. The temperature is from 78° 
to 98° Fahrenheit. 
The factitious Eau de Bonnes is made of Hy- 
drosulphuretted. water, pure water, Oj. and 
f*ss; chloride of sodium, gr. xxx; sulphate of 
magnesia, gr. i. 
BONNET, Reticulum. 
BONNET A DEUX GLOBES, Bonnet d' Hip- 
pocrate. 
BONNET HHIPPOCRATE, Cap of Hip- 
poc'rates, Mitra Hippocrat'ica, Fas'cia capita'lis, 
Pi'leus Hippocrat'icus. A kind of bandage, the 
invention of which is ascribed to Hippocrates. 
It consists of a double-headed roller, passed over 
the head so as to envelop it like a cap. The 
French, also, name it, Bonnet d deux globes, 
Capeline de la fete. 
BONNYCLABBER, Clabber, from Irish, 
baine, 'milk,' and clabar, 'mire.' In Ireland, 
sour buttermilk. In this country, the thick part 
of sour milk. 
BONPLANDIA ANGUSTURA, Cusparia 
febrifuga-b. Trifoliata, Cusparia febrifuga. 
BONTIA GERMINANS, Avicennia tomen- 
tosa. 
BONUS GENIUS, Peucedanum-b. Henricus, 
Chenopodium bonus Henricus. 
BONY, Osseous. 
BOON UPAS, Upas. 
BOONA, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
BOOTIA VULGARIS, Saponaria. 
BOOTIKIN. A glove with a partition for the 
thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers-like 
an infant's glove-made of oiled silk.-Dr. E. J. 
Seymour. Horace Walpole speaks in raptures 
of the benefit he derived from bootikins in gout. 
BORAC"IC ACID, Ac"idum Borac"icum, Sal 
sedati'vus Homber'gi, Boric Acid, (F.) Acide 
boracique. An acid obtained from borax, which 
was once looked upon as sedative. It was also 
called Acor Borac"icus, Sal vitrioli narcot'icum, 
Sal volat'ile Bora'cis, and Flores Bora'cis. 
BORAGE, Borago officinalis. 
BORA'GO OFFICINA'LIS, Buglos'sum ve- 
rum, Bug. latifo'lium, Borra'go, Corra'gc, Bo- 
rago horten'sis, Borage, (F.) Bourrache. Nat. 
Ord. Boragineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Mono- 
gynia. The leaves and flowers have been con- 
sidered aperient. 
BORAS SUPERSODICUS, Borax. 
BORATHRON, Juniperus Sabina. 
BORAX, Boras Soda, Soda Bibo'ras, Subbo- 
ras Soda, Boras supersat'urus soda, Soda Bo- 
raxa'ta, Chrysocol'la, Capis'trum auri, Subborate 
of protox'ide of So'dium, Subprotobo'rate of So- 
dium, Boras Soda alcales'cens seu alcali'num, 
Boras superso'dicus, Borax Ven'etus, Subbo'ras 
Na'tricum, Borax'trion, Nitrum facti"tium, <fcc. 
Subbo'rate or Biborate of Soda, Borate of Soda, 
(F.) Borate ou Sous-borate de Soude, Borate sur- 
saturS de soude. It is found in an impure state in 
Thibet and Persia. It is inodorous; taste cool, 
and somewhat alkaline; soluble in 12 parts of 
water. Borax is seldom used except as a lotion 
in aphthae. 
Borate of Mercury has been recommended 
as an antisyphilitic. 
BORAXTRION, Borax. 
BORBON'IA RUSCIFO'LIA. A small South 
African shrub, used in asthma and hydrothorax. 
In decoction, it is given as a diuretic.-Pappe. 
BORBORUS, Fimus. 
Bones of the 
Cranium or 
Skull. 
Frontal 1 
Parietal 2 
Occipital 1 
Temporal 2 
Ethmoid 1 
Sphenoid . 1 
Superior Maxillary.... 2 
Jugal or Cheek 2 
Nasal 2 
Lachrymal 2 
Palatine 2 
Inferior Spongy 2 
Vomer 1 
Inferior Maxillary .... 1 
Bones of 
the 
Head. 
Bones of the 
Face. 
Dentes 
or 
Teeth. 
Incisores 8 
Cuspidati 4 
Molares 20 
Bone of the 
Tongue. 
Hyoid 1 
Bones of the 
Ear. 
Malleus 2 
Incus 2 
Orbiculare 2 
Stapes 2 
Vertebral. 
Cervical 7 
Dorsal 12 
Lumbar 5 
Bones of 
the 
Trunk. 
Sacrum 1 
Os Coccygis .......................... 1 
The Thorax. 
The Pelvis. Innominatum 2 
Sternum 1 
Ribs 24 
The Shoulder. 
The Arm. Humerus 2 
Clavicle 2 
Scapula 2 
Fore-arm. 
I Ulna 2 
| Radius 2 
' Naviculare 2 
Lunare.... 2 
Cunei forme 2 
Orbiculare 2 
Trapezium 2 
Trapezoides 2 
Magnum 2 
_ Unciforme 2 
Boner of 
the Up- 
per Ex- 
tremity. 
The Hand. 
Carpus 
or 
Wrist. 
Metacarpus ....................... 10 
Phalanges ........................28 
The Thigh. Femur 2 
The Leg. 
Patella 2 
Tibia 2 
Fibula 2 
Bones of 
the 
Lower 
Extre- 
mity. 
Tarsus 
or 
Instep. 
Calcis Os 2 
Astragalus 2 
Cuboides 2 
Naviculare 2 
Cuneiform® 6 
Tile Foot. 
Metatarsus 30 
Phalanges 28 
Total, 240 
Bone-Ach, Osteocopus- b. Back, Vertebral 
column-b. Bar, Pubis, os-b. Blade, Scapula- 
b. Boat-like, Os scapboides-b. Breast, Sternum 
-b. Crupper, Coccyx. 
Bone Fever, see Inflammation. 
Bone, Haunch, Ilion-b. Interparietal, Inter- 
parietal bone-b. Rump, Coccyx-b. Share, Pu- 
bis-b. Splinter, Fibula. 
Bone Nippers, Osteul'cum, Tenac'ula, from 
teneo, 'I hold.' (F.) Tenaille incisive. An in- 
strument used for cutting off splinters and car- 
tilages. It is a kind of forceps, the handles of 
which are strong, and the edges, which touch 
each other, cutting. 
BONEBINDER, Osteocolla. 
BONE-DOCTOR, Renoueur. 
BONESET, Eupatorium perfoliatum - b. Up- 
land, Eupatorium sessilifolium. 
BONE-SETTER, Renoueur. 
BONES, BRITTLENESS OF THE, Fragilitas 
ossium-b. Friability of the, Fragilitas ossium- 
b. Salt of, Ammoniae carbonas - b. Softening of 
the, Mollifies ossium. 
BONIFACIA, Ruscus hypoglossum. 
RONNE DAME, Atriplex hortensis. 
BONNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bonnes BORBORYGMUS 
BORBORYG'MUS, from /Jop/Jopvfw, 'I make a 
dull noise.' Murmur seu Bombus seu Motus In- 
testino'rum, Anile'ma, Anile'sin, Calopsoph'ia, In- 
tona'tio intestina'lis, Murmur ventris seu intesti- 
na'le, Borborygm, (F.) Gargouillement, Grouille- 
ment d'Entraillet. The noise made by flatus in 
the intestines. This happens often in health, 
especially in nervous individuals. 
BORD, (F.) Margo, Edge, Margin. Anato- 
mists have so named the boundaries of an organ. 
Thus, the bones, muscles, Ac., have bords as well 
as bodies. The 'free edge,' bord libre, is one not 
connected with any part; the 'adhering edge,' 
bord adherent, one that is connected; and the 
bord articulaire, or ' articular margin, or edge,' 
that which is joined to another bone. 
BORD OILIAIRE, Ciliary margin. 
BORDEAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Near this great city, in the south-west of France, 
is a saline, chalybeate spring. It contains oxide 
of iron, carbonate and sulphate of lime, chlorides 
of sodium and calcium, subcarbonate of soda, and 
sulphate of magnesia. 
BORE, Boron. 
BORGNE, (F.) Codes, Vnoc'ulus, Lunevs, 
Luscio'sus. One who has only one eye, or sees 
only with one. The word has been used, figu- 
ratively, for blind, in surgery and anatomy. See 
Csecus. 
BORIUM, Boron. 
BORKHAUSENIA CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa. 
BORN; past particle of bear, (F.) ne. Brought 
forth from the womb. 
Born Alive. It has been decided by English 
judges, that ' to be born alive,' means that acts 
of life must have been manifested after the whole 
body has been extruded; and that respiration in 
transitu is not evidence that a child was born 
alive. It must be 'wholly born alive;' hence res- 
piration may be a sign of life, but not of live birth. 
BORON, Bo'rium, Borum, (F.) Bore. A simple 
substance, the basis of boracic acid ; obtained, by 
heating potassium with boracic acid, as a dark 
olive-coloured powder, devoid of taste and smell. 
Heated in the air or in oxygen, it is converted 
into boracic acid. 
BOR'OSAIL, Zael. names for a 
disease, very common there, which attacks the 
organs of generation, and appears to have con- 
•iderable analogy with syphilis. 
BORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
BORRI, Curcuma longa. 
BORRIBERRI, Curcuma longa. 
BORSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Borse is 
village in Bearn. The waters are chalybeate. 
BORUM, Boron. 
BOSA. An name for a mass, made 
of the meal of darnel, hemp-seed, and water. It 
inebriating.-Prospero Alpini. 
BOSCHESJESMANSTHEE, Methys cophyl- 
lum glaucum. 
BOSOM, see Mamma. 
BOSSA, Plague token. 
BOSSE, Hump, Protuberance-b. Nasale, 
Nasal protuberance. 
BOSWELLIA SERRATA, see Juniperus lycia. 
BOTAL FORA'MEN, Fora'men Bota'le seu 
Botal'lii; the Fora'men ova'le, (F.) Trou de 
Botal, Trou ovale. A large opening which exists 
in the foetus in the partition between the two 
auricles of the heart; and by means of which 
the blood passes from one to the other. Its 
discovery is generally attributed to Leonard Bo- 
Jallus, Botal, or Botalli, who wrote in 1562. It 
was spoken of, however, by Vesalius, and even 
by Galen. 
BOTANE, Herb. 
BOTANICAL DOCTOR, Herb-doctor. 
142 
BOUES DES EAUX 
BOTANIQUE MEDICARE, Botany,medical. 
BOT'ANY, MED'ICAL, Botan'ica Med'ica, 
Medici'na Botan'ica, Phytolog"ia med'ica ; from 
PoTavri, 'an herb,' (F.) Botanique Medicale. The 
knowledge of the properties, characters, Ac., of 
those vegetables which are used in medicine. 
BOTAR'GO, (F.) Botargue. A preparation 
made in Italy and the south of France, with the 
eggs and blood of the Mugilceph'alus or Mullet; 
strongly salted, after it has become putrescent. 
It is used as a condiment. 
BOTARGUE, Botargo. 
BOTHOR. An Arabic term for abscess in the 
nares. It means, also, a tumour in general; 
especially those which are without solution of 
continuity. 
BOTHRIOCEPH'ALUS, Botrioceph'alus lo- 
tus, Both rioceph'alum, Botrioceph'alus, from [3o9- 
piov, ' a small pit,' and Kc<j>aXn> ' head,' Tcc'nla lata, 
T. vulga'ris, Lumbri'cus latus, Plate'a, T.os'culis 
lateral'ibu» gem'inis, T. grisea, T. membrana'cea, 
T. tenel'la, T. denta'ta, T. huma'na iner'mis, Hal'- 
ysis membrana'cea, T. prima, T. os'culis lateral'- 
ibus solita'riis, T. aceph'ala, T. osculis superfi- 
cial'ibun, T. a anneaux courts, T. non arme, Ver 
solitaire, Broad Tape worm. Common in Swit- 
zerland, Russia, and some parts of France. It 
inhabits the intestines of man, and extends to an 
enormous length. A broken specimen has been 
obtained 60 yards long.-Goeze. 
BOTH'RION, Both'rium, from /?o3por, 'a pit, 
cavity,' Ac. An alveolus or small fossa. A 
small deep ulcer on the cornea.-Galen, Paulus 
of Aigina. See Fossette. 
BOTHRIUM, Bothrion, Fossette. 
BOTHROS, Fovea. 
BOTIN, Terebinthina. 
BOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
BOTOTHINUM. An obscure term, used by 
Paracelsus to denote the most striking symptom 
of a disease :-the Flos morbi. 
BOTOU, Pareira brava. 
BOTRIOCEPHALUS, Bothriocephalus. 
BOTRION, Alveolus. 
BOTROPHIS SERPENTARIA, Actma race- 
mosa. 
BOTRYS, Chenopodium botrys, see Vitis vini- 
fera - b. Ambroisioides, Chenopodium ambro- 
sioides-b. Americana, Chenopodium ambrosioides 
- b. Anthelminticum, Chenopodium anthelmin- 
ticum-b. Mexicana, Chenopodium ambrosioides. 
BOTTINE, (F.) A thin boot or buskin, O'crea 
le'vior. An instrument, which resembles a small 
boot, furnished with springs, straps, buckles, Ac., 
and used to obviate distortions of the lower ex- 
tremities in children. 
BOTTLE-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
BOTTLE-STOOP. In Pharmacy, an arrange- 
ment for giving the proper inclination to a bottle 
containing a powder, so as to admit of the con- 
tents being readily removed by the knife, in dis- 
pensing medicines. It consists of a block of 
wood with a groove in the upper surface, to re- 
ceive the bottle in an oblique position. 
BOUBALIOS, Momordica elaterium, Vulva. 
BOUBON, Bubo. 
BOUCAGE MAJEUR, Pimpinella magna - 
b. Mineur, Pimpinella saxifraga - b. Petit, Pim- 
pinella saxifraga. 
BOUOHE, Mouth. 
BOUCLEMENT, Infibulation. 
BOUES DES EAUX, (F.) Boves Mintrales, 
Bal'nea Coeno'sa. The mud or swamp, formed 
near mineral springs, impregnated with the sub- 
stances contained in such springs, and conse- 
quently possessing similar properties. The Roues 
are applied generally and topically, in France, 
at the springs of St. Amand, Bagn&res de Luchon, BOUES MINE RALES 
Bagnols, Bartiges; in the United States, at the 
White Sulphur in Ac. 
BOUES MINERALES, Boues des eaux. 
BOUFFE, (F.) The small eminence, formed 
by the junction of the two lips.-Dulaurens. 
BOUFFISSURE, Puffiness. 
BOUGIE, (F.) A wax candle: Candel'ula, 
Oaude'la, C. ce'rea, Cande'la medica'ta, Ce'reum 
medica'tum, Cereolus Chirurgo'rum, Dce'dion, 
Specil'lum ce'reum, Virga ce'rea, Cereolus. A 
flexible cylinder, variable in size, to be intro- 
duced into the urethra, oesophagus, rectum, Ac., 
for the purpose of dilating these canals, when 
contracted, A Simple Bougie is composed of 
solid and insoluble substances; as plaster, elastic 
gum, catgut, Ac. It acts of course only mecha- 
nically. 
Bougie, Med'icated, (F.) B. Medicamenteuse, 
has the addition of some escharotic or other sub- 
stance to destroy the obstacle; as in the Caustic 
Bougie, which has a small portion of Lunar Caus- 
tic or Common Caustic inserted in its extremity. 
Ducamp has recommended a Bougie, which swells 
out near its extremity, for the better dilating of 
the urethra. This he calls B. d ventre. The 
metallic Bougie, invented by Smyth, is a compo- 
sition of metal, allowing of great flexibility ; and 
a hollow Bougie is one, with a channel running 
through it, to be used in the same manner as the 
catheter, or otherwise. 
BOUILLIE (F.), Pultic'ula, Pap, from (F.) 
bouillir, ' to boil.' Flour, beaten and boiled with 
milk. It is a common food for infants. 
BOUILLON, (F.) from bouillir, 'to boil,' Jus, 
Sorbit"io. A liquid food, made by boiling the 
flesh of animals in water. The osmazome, gela- 
tin, and soluble salts dissolve; the fat melts, and 
the albumen coagulates. Bouillon is nourishing, 
owing to the gelatin and osmazome. The Jus de 
Viande is a very concentrated Bouillon, prepared 
of beef, mutton, veal, Ac. 
BOUILLON, in common language, in France, 
means a round fleshy excrescence, sometimes 
seen in the centre of a venereal ulcer. 
BOUILLON BLANC, Verbascum nigrum. 
BOUILLONS MEDICINAUX ou PHAR- 
MACEUTIQUES, Medicinal or Pharmaceutic 
Bouillons, contain infusions or decoctions of me- 
dicinal herbs. The Bouillon aux herbes is gene- 
rally composed of sorrel or beet. 
BOUILLON d'OS, (F.) Bouillon from bones, 
is obtained by treating bones with muriatic acid, 
in order to dissolve the earthy parts. The gela- 
tin, which remains, is then boiled with a little 
meat and vegetables.-D'Arcet. Bouillon, how- 
ever, can be easily obtained from the bones of 
roast meat by simple coction. 
BOUILLONNEMENT, Ebullition. 
BOUIS, Buxus. 
BOULE UACIER, Ferrum tartarizatum-b. 
de Mars, Ferrum tartarizatum - b. de Molsheim, 
Ferrum tartarizatum-b. de Nancy, Ferrum tar- 
tarizatum. 
BOULE AU COMMUN, Betula alba. 
BOULESIS, Voluntas. 
BOULIM'IA, Bulim'ia, Bulim'ius, Bu'limus, 
Bou'limos, Bulimi'asis, Bolismos, Eclim'ia, Fames 
cani'na, Appeti'tus caninus, Appeten'tia cani'na, 
Adepha'gia, Cynorex'ia, Orex'is cyno'des, Bupi'- 
na, Bupei'na, Phagce'na, Phagedce'na, Fames 
Booi'na, F. Lupi'na, from fiovs, ' an ox,' and higos, 
' hunger;' or from /?«, augmentative particle, and 
hifios, 'hunger,' (Y.) Boulimie, Faim canine, F. 
divorante, Polyphagie. An almost insatiable 
hunger. A canine appetite. It is sometimes 
seen in hysteria and pregnancy; rarely under 
other circumstances. 
BOULIMIE, Boulimia. 
143 
BOUTONNIERE 
BOULOGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Boulogne is in the department of Pas-de-Calais, 
France. The waters are chalybeate. 
BOUQUET ANATOMIQUE DE RIOLAN, 
(F.) from bouquet, a collection of flowers or other 
substances tied together. A name given, by some 
anatomists, to the collection of ligaments and 
muscles, inserted into the styloid process of the 
temporal bone. 
Bouquet Fever, Dengue. 
BOURBILLON, see Furunculus (core.) 
BOURBON-LANCY, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Bourbon-Laney is a small village in the 
department of Sabne-et-Loire, France; where 
there are thermal saline springs, containing car- 
bonic acid, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
soda, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime, iron, 
and silica. Their heat is from 106° to 135° 
Fahrenheit. 
BOURBON L'ARCHAMBAUT, MINERAL 
WATERS OF. This town is in the department 
of Allier, six leagues west from Moulins, and 
has been long celebrated for its thermal chaly- 
beate waters. They contain sulphohydric acid, 
sulphate of soda, magnesia, and lime, carbonate 
of iron, and silica. Their temperature varies be- 
tween 136° and 145° Fahrenheit. 
BOURBONNE-LES-BAINS, MINERAL 
WATERS OF. These springs are seven leagues 
from Langres, department of Haute-Marne, 
France. They are thermal and saline, and have 
been long celebrated. Temperature from 106° 
to 133° Fahrenheit. The Factitious water, (F.) 
Eau de Bourbonne-les-Bains, Aqua Borvonen'sis, 
is composed of water, containing twice its bulk 
of carbonic acid, chloride of sodium, 
chloride of calcium, gr. x, &e. 
BOURBOULE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A village near Mount d'Or, where there are two 
thermal saline springs. 
BOURDAINE, Rhamnus frangula. 
BOURDONNEMENT, Tinnitus aurium. 
BOURDONNET, Pulvil'lus, P. e linamen'tis 
confec'tus, P. rotun'dus, Dossil. A term in French 
surgery for charpie rolled into a small mass of 
an olive shape, which is used for plugging wounds, 
absorbing the discharge, and preventing the 
union of their edges. In cases of deep and pene- 
trating wounds, as of the abdomen or chest, a 
thread is attached to them by which they may 
be readily withdrawn, and be prevented from 
passing altogether into those cavities. 
BOURGENE, Rhamnus frangula. 
BOURGEON, Granulation, Papula-b. Char- 
nu, Granulation. 
BOURGEONS, Gutta rosea. 
BOURRACHE, Borago officinalis. 
BOLRRELET (F.), A Pad, a Border. A 
fibro-cartilaginous border, which surrounds cer- 
tain articular cavities, such as the glenoid cavity 
of the scapula and the acetabulum ; by which the 
depth of those cavities is augmented. 
BOURRELET ROULE, Cornu ammonis. 
BOURSE d BERGER, Thlaspibursa-b. <2 
Pasteur, Thlaspibursa. 
BOURSES, (LES,) Scrotum. 
BOURSOUFLURE, Puffiness. 
BOUTON, Papula-b. d'Alep, see Anthrax- 
b. Malin, see Anthrax - b. d'Or, Ranunculus 
acris. 
BOLTONNIERE (F.), Fissu'ra, Incis'io. A 
small incision made into the urethra to extract a 
calculus from the canal, when it is too large to 
be discharged. 
Also, a small incision or puncture, made in the 
peritoneum, or above the pubis, to penetrate the 
bladder in certain cases of retention of urine. BOVACHEVO 
BOVACHEVO, Datura sanguinea. 
BOVILL A3, Rubeola. 
BOVISTA, Lycoperdon. 
BOWEL, Intestine. 
BOWLEGGED, see Cnemoscoliosis. 
BOWMAN'S ROOT, Euphorbia corollata, Gil- 
lenia trifoliata, Leptandria purpurea. 
BOXBERRY, Gaultheria. 
BOX, MOUNTAIN, Arbutus uva ursi. 
BOX TREE, Buxus, Cornus Florida. 
BOXWOOD, Cornus Florida. 
BO YAU, Intestine. 
BRABYLON, Prunum Damascenum. 
BRACHERIOLUM, Truss. 
BRACIIERIUM, Truss. 
BRACHIA COPULATIVA, see Peduncles of 
the Cerebellum. 
BRACHIA PONTIS, see Peduncles of the 
Cerebellum. 
BRACHI.EUS, Brachial - b. Internus, Bra- 
chialis anterior. 
BRA'CHIAL, Brachia'lis, Brachia'us, from 
Brachium, ' the arm.' What belongs to the arm. 
Brachial Aponeuro'sis. An aponeurosis, 
formed particularly by expansions of the tendons 
of the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and del- 
toides muscles, and which completely envelops 
the muscles of the arm. 
Brachial Artery, Arte'ria brachia'lis, Hu'- 
tneral Artery, (F.) Artere ou Tronc brachial. 
The artery, which extends from the axilla to the 
bend of the elbow; where it divides into A. cubi- 
talis and A. radialis. It passes along the inter- 
nal edge of the biceps, behind the median nerve 
and between the accompanying veins. Under 
the name Brachial Artery, M. Chaussier includes 
the subclavian, axillary, and humeral, the last 
being the brachial proper. 
Brachial Muscle, Anterior, Mus'cuius Bra- 
chia'lis Ante'rior, Brachia'lis internus, B. anti'- 
cus, Brachia1.1 us, Brachice'us internus, (F.) Muscle 
brachial interne, Humero-eubital-(Ch.) This 
muscle is situate at the anterior and inferior part 
of the arm, and before the elbow-joint. It arises, 
fleshy, from the middle of the os humeri, and is 
inserted into the coronoid process of the ulna. 
Use. To bend the fore-arm. 
Brachial Plexus, Plexus Brachia'lis, is a 
nervous plexus, formed by the interlacing of the 
anterior branches of the last four cervical pairs 
and the first dorsal. It is deeply seated in the 
hollow of the axilla, and extends as far as the 
inferior and lateral part of the neck. It gives 
off the thoracic nerves, supra and infra scapular, 
and the brachial (which are six in number,) the 
axillary, cutaneous, musculo-cutaneous, radial, 
cubital, and median. 
Brachial Veins are two in number, and ac- 
company the artery, frequently anastomosing 
with each other: they terminate in the axillary. 
Under the term Brachial Vein, Chaussier in- 
cludes the humeral, axillary, and subclavian. 
BRACHIALE, Carpus. 
BRACHIAL'GIA, Neural'gia Brachia'lis, 
from 'the arm,' and ahyos, 'pain.' Pain 
in the arm, neuralgia of the arm. 
BRACHIALIS, Brachial-b. Anticus, Brachial 
muscle-b. Externus, see Triceps extensor cubiti 
■-b. Internus, Brachial muscle. 
BRACHIERIUM, Truss. 
BRACHILE, Truss. 
BRACHILUVIUM, Bath, arm. 
BRACHIO-CEPIIALIC ARTERY, Innomi- 
nata arteria-b. Veins, Innominatae vena). 
B R A 'CII10-C U' BIT AL, Brachio-cubita'lis. 
That which belongs both to the arm and cubitus. 
This name has been given to the internal lateral 
ligament of the elbow-joint; because it is at- 
144 
BRADYSURIA 
tached to the os brachii or os humeri and to the 
cubitus or ulna. 
BRACHIOCYLLO'SIS, from (JpaXiu>v, 'the 
arm/ and KvXXuiais, ' the act of making crooked.' 
Curvature of the arm inwards.' Paralysis or lose 
of power from curvature of the arm. 
BRACHION, Brachium. 
BRACHION'CUS, from 'the arm,' 
and oyxo(, ' a swelling.' A tumour of the arm. 
BRA'CHIO-RA'DIAL, Brachio-radia'lis. That 
which belongs to the brachium and radius. This 
name has been applied to the external lateral 
ligament of the elbow-joint, because it is attached 
to the humerus and to the radius. See Supinator 
radii longus. 
BRACHIORRHEU'MA, bra'- 
chii, from 'the arm/ and pcvpa, 'deflux- 
ion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the arm. 
BRACHIROLUM, Truss. 
BRA'CHIUM, Bra'chion, Lacer'tus, (F.) Bras, 
the arm. The arm from the shoulder to the wrist, 
or the part between the shoulder and elbow. Seo 
Humeri, Os. 
Bra'chium Ante'rius. A rounded process, 
which passes from the anterior pair of the cor- 
pora quadrigemina (nates) obliquely outwards 
into the thalamus opticus. 
Brachium Movens Quartus, Latissimus dorsi. 
Bra'chium Poste'rius. A rounded process, 
which passes from the posterior pair of the qua- 
drigemina (testes) obliquely outwards into the 
optic thalamus. 
BRACHUNA, Nymphomania, Satyriasis. 
BRACHYAU'CHEN, from (ipaXvs, 'short/ and 
'neck.' One who has a short neck. 
BRACHYCEPH'ALAS, (Gentes) 'shortheads/ 
from Ppcrxys, ' short/ and KcQaXri, ' head.' In the 
classification of Retzius, those nations of men 
whose cerebral lobes do not completely cover the 
cerebellum - as the Sclavonians, Fins, Persians, 
Turks, Tartars, &c. 
BRACHYCHRON'IUS, from ftpaxys, 'short/ 
and xporos, ' time.' That which continues but a 
short time. A term applied to diseases which 
are of short duration.-Galen. 
BRACHYGNA'THUS, from 'short,' 
and yvados, 'the under jaw.' A monster with too 
short an under jaw.-Gurlt. 
BRACHYNSIS, Abbreviation. 
BRACHYPNtEA, Dyspnoea. 
BRACHYP'OTI, from 'short/ and 
TroTns, ' drinker.' They who drink little, or who 
drink rarely. Hippoc., Galen, Foesius. 
BRACHYRHYN'CHUS; from Ppaxvs, 'short/ 
and pvyXos, 'snout.' A monster with too short a 
nose. 
BRACHYSMOS, Abbreviation. 
BRACING, Corroborant. 
BRACKEN, Pteris aquilina. 
BRADYjESTHE'SIA, from (IpaSvs, 'difficult,' 
and aia(h/<rif, 'sensation.' Impaired sensation. 
BRADYBOLISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
BRADYECOIA, Deafness. 
BRADYLOG"IA,.DysZa'Zfa,- from 0paXv(, 'diffi- 
cult, and Xoyot, 'a discourse.' Difficulty of speech. 
BRADYMASE'SIS, Bradymasse'sis, impro- 
perly Bradymaste'sis, Nanduca'tio diffic"iUs, 
from (Jpaivs, 'difficult/ and paai/ais, 'mastica- 
tion.' Difficult mastication. See Dysmasesis. 
BRADYMASTESIS, Bradymasesis. 
BRADYPEP'SIA, Tarda cibo'rum concoc'tio, 
from (3paSvs, • slow/ and rcrrw, ' I digest.' Slow 
digestion.-Galen. See Dyspepsia. 
BRADYSPERMATIS'MUS, Bradybolis'mus, 
Ejacula'tio sem'inis imped'ita, Dyspermatis'mus, 
from /Ipuduj, 'slow/ and o-ircppa, 'sperm.' A slow 
emission of sperm. 
BRADYSU'RIA, Tenes'mus vesi'ca, (F.) T6- BRADYTOCIA 
nesme vf.sical, from (ipatvs, 'difficult/ and ovpuv, 
' to pass the urine.' Painful evacuation of the 
urine, with perpetual desire to void it. Dysuria. 
BRADYTOCIA, Dystocia. 
BRAG'GET, Braggart, Bragwort. A name 
formerly applied to a tisan of honey and water. 
See Hydromeli. 
BRAI, LIQUIDS, see Pinus sylvestris - 6. 
Sec, Colophonia. 
BRAIN, Cerebrum-b. Fag, see Nervous dia- 
thesis-b. Little, Cerebellum-b. Pan, Cranium. 
BRAINE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Braine 
is a small village, three leagues from Soissons, 
France, which has purgative waters similar to 
those of Passy. 
BRAKE, COMMON, Pteris Aquilina-b. Rock, 
Polypodium vulgare, Polypodium incanum - b. 
Root, Polypodium vulgare. 
BRAMBLE, AMERICAN HAIRY, see Rubus 
fruticosus-b. Common, Rubus fruticosus. 
BRAN, Furfur. 
BRANC-URSINE BATARDE, Heracleum 
spondylium. 
BRANCA GERMANICA, Heracleum spondy- 
lium-b. Ursina, Acanthus mollis-b. Vera, Acan- 
thus mollis. 
BRANCH, from (F.) Branche, originally, pro- 
bably, from ftpayawv, 'an arm,'(?) because branches 
of trees, <fcc., go off like arms. A term applied, 
generally, to the principal division of an artery 
or nerve. -The word is commonly used synony- 
mously with Ramus ; but often, with the French, 
Branche signifies the great division;-Rameau, 
Lat. Ramus, the division of the branches; and 
Ramuscules, Lat. Ramusculi, the divisions of 
these last. 
The French, also, speak of the branches of the 
pubis for the Rami of that bone, branches of the 
Ischium for the rami of the ischium, &c. 
BRANCHES DE LA MOELLE ALLON- 
GE E (PETITES) Corpora restiformia. 
BRANCHI, Branches. Swellings of the ton- 
sils, or parotid, according to some;-of the thy- 
roid gland, according to others. 
BRAN'CHIA, (Gr.) The gills or re- 
spiratory organs of fishes, corresponding to the 
lungs of terrestrial animals. 
BRANCHUS, Rance'do. A catarrhal 
affection of the mucous membrane of the fauces, 
trachea, <tc.-Galen. Hoarseness. 
BRANCI, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
BRANCIA, Vitrum. 
BRANDY, (G.) Branntwein, Dutch, 
Brandwijn, 'burnt wine.' Vtnuw adits'turn 
seu crema'tum, Aqua Vites, (F.) Eau de vie, (S.) 
Aguardiente. The first liquid product obtained 
by distilling wine. It is composed of water, al- 
cohol, and an aromatic oily matter, which gives 
it its flavour. Brandy is a powerful and diffusi- 
ble stimulant, and as such is used in medicine. 
It has been also called Liquor Aquile'gius. See 
Spirit. 
B handy, Apple, see Pyrus malus - b. Egg, 
see Ovum. 
BRANKS, Cynanche parotidaea. 
BRANKURSINE Acanthus mollis. 
BRANNTWEIN, Brandy. 
BRAS. See Oryza. 
BRAS, Brachium-b. du Cervelet, Corpora res- 
tiformia. 
BRASDOR'S OPERATION FOR ANEU- 
RISM. An operation by ligature, proposed by 
Brasdor, which consists in the application of the 
ligature on the distal side of the tumour. 
BRASEGUR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Brasfigur is a place in the diocess of Rhodez, 
where there are cathartic waters. 
145 
BREAD 
BRASENIA, B. Hydropeltis. 
Brase'nia Hydropel'tis, Brase'nia, B. pel- 
ta'ta, Hydropel'tis purpu'rea, Gelat'ina aquat'ica, 
Frogleaf, Little Water Lily, Water Jelly, Water 
shield, Deerfood. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. 
Ranunculaceae, Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia, 
flourishing from Kentucky to Carolina and Flo- 
rida; and covering the surface of ponds, marshes, 
Ac. The fresh leaves are mucilaginous, and have 
been used in pulmonary complaints, dysentery, 
Ac., like Cetraria. 
Brasenia Peltata, B. Hydropeltis. 
BRASH, WATER, Pyrosis. 
Brash, Weaning, Atroph'ia Ablactato'rum. 
A severe form of diarrhoea, which supervenes at 
times on weaning. The Maladie de Cruveilhier 
appears to be a similar affection. 
BBASILETTO, see Caesalpinia. 
BRASIUM, Malt. 
BRASMOS, Fermentation. 
BRASS, Sax. bp ar, Welsh, pres. Aurichal'- 
cum, Orichal'cum, xEsecavum, Chrysochal'cos, 
(F.) Airain. A yellow metal, formed by mixing 
copper with calamine. The same general remarks 
apply to it as to copper. See Cuprum. 
BRAS'SICA, Crambe, Bras'sica olera'cea: B. 
capita'ta seu cuma'na of the old Romans. The 
Cabbage, (F.) Chou potage.r. Family, Crueiferie. 
Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cato wrote 
a book on its virtues. It is a vegetable by no 
means easy of digestion when boiled; when raw, 
it appears to be more digestible. When forming 
a solid globular mass, like a head, it is the B. 
Capita'ta, (F.) Chou-Cabus, Chou Pomme. 
Brassica Canina, Mercurialis perennis - b. 
capitata, Brassica-b. Cumana, Brassica. 
Bras'sica Eru'ca, B. his'pida, Eru'ca, E.foe'- 
tida seu sati'va, Sina'pis eru'ca, Sisym'brium 
erueas'trum, Garden Rocket, Roman Rocket, Ac., 
(F.) Chou Roquette, Roquette. This was consi- 
dered by the Romans an aphrodisiac, - Colu- 
mella. The seeds were ordinarily used. 
Bras'sica Flor'ida,-Bras'sica Pompeia'na 
of the ancients-the Cauliflower, Caulis Flor'ida, 
(F.) Chou-fleur, is a more tender and digestible 
variety. 
The Broc'coli, B. Sabel'lica of the Romans, B. 
Ital'ica, belongs to this variety. 
Brassica Hispid a, B. eruca - b. Italics, B. 
Florida-b. Marina, Convolvulus soldanella. 
Bras'sica Napus, Napus Sylvestris, Bunias, 
Rape, (F.) Navette. The seed yields a quantity 
of oil. 
Brassica Nigra, Sinapis nigra-b. Oblonga, 
B. rapa-b. Oleracea, Brassica-b. Pompeiana, B. 
Florida. 
Bras'sica Rapa, Rapa rotun'da seu oblon'ga, 
Rapurn majus, Rapa napus, Sina'pis tubero'sa, 
Turnip, (F.) Chou navet, Navet, Rave. The tur- 
nip is liable to the same objection (but to a less 
extent) as the cabbage. 
Brassica Sabellica, B. Florida. 
BRATHU, Juniperus sabina. 
BRATHYS, Juniperus sabina. 
BRA YER, Truss. 
BRAYER A ANTHELMINTIC A, Hagenia 
Abyssinica. 
BRAZIL WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata. 
BREAD, see Triticum. 
Bread. Gluten. Bread made of wheat dough 
deprived of the chief portion of its starch by 
washing. Bread, made of gluten only, cannot 
be eaten, on account of its hardness and tough- 
ness ; hence one fifth of the normal quantity of 
starch is allowed to remain, and in this form the BREAD-FRUIT 
bread is said to be tolerably light, eatable, and 
moderately agreeable. 
Bread, Household, Syncomistos. 
BREAD-FRUIT TREE, Artocarpus. 
BREAST, Thorax, Mamma-b. Abscess of the, 
Mastodynia apostematosa. 
BREAST-GLASS, Milk-glass. A glass applied 
to the nipple to receive the milk when secreted 
copiously by the mamma. 
Breast, Irritable, Neuralgia Mammae. 
BREAST-PANG, SUFFOCATIVE, Angina 
pectoris. 
BREAST-PUMP, Antlia Lactea. 
BREATH, Sax. bpaBe, Hal'itus, Anhel'itus, 
An'imus, Spir'itus, At'mos, (F.) Haleine. The 
air expelled from the chest at each expiration. 
It requires to be studied in the diagnosis of tho- 
racic diseases especially. See Respiration. 
Breath, Offens'ive ; Fcetor Oris, Catostoina- 
tosphre'via, Hal'itus oris foe'tidus, Oze. An offen- 
sive condition, which is usually dependent upon 
carious teeth, or some faulty state of the secre- 
tions of the air passages. The internal use of the 
chlorides may be advantageous. 
Breath, Saturnine, see Saturnine-b. Short, 
Dyspnoea. 
BREATHING AIR, see Respiration. 
Breathing, Difficulty of, Dyspnoea. 
BRECHET, (F.) The Brisket. This name is 
given in some parts of France to the cartilago 
ensiformis, and sometimes to the sternum itself. 
BRECHMA, Bregma. 
BRECHMUS, Bregma. 
BREDISSURE, (F.) Trismus Capistra'tus. 
Incapacity of opening the mouth, in consequence 
of preternatural adhesion between the internal 
part of the cheek and gums; often occasioned by 
the abuse of mercury. 
BREDOUILLEMENT, (F.) Tituban'tia. A 
precipitate and indistinct mode of utterance, in 
which a part only of the words is pronounced, 
and several of the syllables viciously changed. 
This defect is analogous to stuttering, but differs 
from it in being dependent on too great rapidity 
of speech; whilst stuttering is characterized by 
continual hesitation, and frequent repetition of 
the same syllables. 
BREED, Race. 
BREEDING, Generation, Pregnant. 
Breeding, Cross. The act of raising or breed- 
ing from different stocks or families. 
Breeding-in-and-in. The act of raising or 
breeding from the same stock or family. 
BREGMA, Brechma, Brechmus, from 
' to sprinkleFontanel'la, Sin'ciput. The top 
of the head was thus called, because it was be- 
lieved to be humid in infants ; and, according to 
some, because it was conceived to correspond to 
the most humid part of the brain. 
BREGMATODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. 
BRENNING, Burning. 
BREPHOCTONON, Conyza squarrosa. 
B R E P H 0 T ROPHE'UM, Ecthelobrcphotro- 
phe'um, from Pptrpos, 'a new-born child,' and rpo- 
' to nourish.' A foundling hospital. 
BRESILLET, Csesalpinia sappan. 
BRE'VIA VASA, Short Vessels. This name 
has been given to several branches of the splenic 
arteries and veins, which are distributed to the 
great cul-de-sac of the stomach. 
BREVIS CUBITI, see Anconeus. 
BRICK, (F.) Brique. Hot bricks are some- 
times used to apply heat to a part, as to the ab- 
domen in colic, or after the operation for popli- 
teal aneurism; or, reduced to very fine powder, 
and mixed with fat, as an application to herpetic 
and psoric affections. 
Bricks, Fornacea Testa or Tiles were for- 
146 
BROIEMENT 
merly bruised in vinegar, and the liquid was used 
as a specific in cutaneous affections. They en- 
tered, also, into a cerate used for scrofulous hu- 
mours, <fcc. To the Terra Forna'cum, or Brick 
earth, the same virtues were assigned. 
BRICUMUM, Artemisia. 
BRIDE (F.), A bridle. Free'nulum, Reti- 
nac'ulum. This term is given, in the plural, to 
membranous filaments, which are found within 
abscesses or deep-seated wounds, and which pre- 
vent the exit of pus. The term is, also, applied 
to preternatural adhesions, which occur in cica- 
trices of the skin, in the urethra, or in inflamed 
serous or synovial membranes. 
BRIER, WILD, Rosa canina. 
BRIGHT'S DISEASE OF THE KIDNEY, 
see Kidney, Bright's disease of the. 
BRIGHTON, CLIMATE OF. The air of this 
fashionable watering place, on the south coast of 
England, is dry, elastic, and bracing. According 
to Sir James Clark, its climate appears to the 
greatest advantage in the autumn and early part 
of the winter; when it is somewhat milder and 
more steady than that of Hastings. Accordingly, 
it is adapted for all cases in which a dry and 
mild air at this season of the year proves bene- 
ficial. In the spring months, owing to the pre- 
valence of, and its exposure to, north-east winds, 
the climate is cold, harsh, and exciting to the 
delicate. It is well adapted for convalescents, 
and for all who require a dry and bracing sea 
air. 
BRIMSTONE, Sulphur. 
BRINE, Maria. 
BRINTON ROOT, Leptandria purpurea. 
BRION, Corallina. 
BR1QUE, Brick. 
BRIQUEBEC, MINERAL W'ATERS OF. 
This town is three leagues from Cherbourg, in 
France. The water contains chloride of iron. 
BRISE-PIERRE ARTICULE, (F.) An in- 
strument invented by Jacobson for crushing the 
stone in the bladder. 
BRISTOL HOT WELL, Bristolien'sis Aqua. 
Bristol is about thirteen miles from Bath, in 
England. The water is an almost pure thermal; 
slightly acidulated. It contains chlorides of 
magnesium and sodium, sulphate of soda, sul- 
phate of lime, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
oxygen and azote. Temperature, 74° Fah. The 
Hot Well has been long celebrated. Its action 
is like that of thermal waters in general. The 
climate of Bristol is mild, and hence the water 
has been celebrated for the cure of incipient pul- 
monary consumption. See Clifton. 
BRIZOCERAS, Ergot. 
BROAD, Sax. bpab, Lotus, (F.) Large. Any 
body is so termed whose transverse extent is 
considerable compared with its length. The 
Broad Bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occi- 
pital, iliac, aid in forming the parietes of splanch- 
nic cavities. Broad Muscles generally occupy 
the parietes of cavities, and especially those of 
the chest and abdomen. The epithet has also 
been applied to other parts-as to the broad liga- 
ments of the womb, <tc. 
BROCCOLI, Brassica sabellica. 
BROCIIOS, Laqueus. A bandage. 
BROCH'THUS, Gula. The throat 
Also, a kind of small drinking vessel.-Hipp. 
BROCHUS, This name has been given 
to one who has a. very prominent upper lip. Ac- 
cording to others, it means one whose teeth pro- 
ject in front of the mouth. 
BRO'DIUM. A synonym of Jus or Jus'ctdum. 
Broth, or the liquor in which any thing is boiled. 
Bro'dium sails-a decoction of salt. 
BROIEMENT, see Cataract, Laceration. BROKEN DOSES 
BROKEN DOSES, see Doses, broken. 
BROKEN-WINDEDNESS, Asthma. 
BROMA, Aliment, Bromine. 
BROMATO CCRISIS, Lientery. 
BROMATOG'RAPHY, Bromatograph'ia, Bro- 
mog' raphy, Bromograph'ia, from jSpaipa, ' food,' 
and ypaijo), ' a description.' A description of ali- 
ments. 
BROMATOL'OGY, Bromatolog"ia, Sitiol'ogy, 
from floupa, ' food,' and Aoyoj, ' a discourse.' A 
treatise on food. 
BROME, Bromine. 
BROMEGRASS, Bromus ciliatus - b. Soft, 
Bromus ciliatus. 
BROME'LIA ANA'NAS, called after Olaus 
Bromel, a Swede. Car'duus Brazilia'nus, Ana'- 
nas ova'ta seu aculea'ta, Anas'sa, Capa-Isiak'ka, 
Ana'nas or Pine Apple. A West India tree, 
which produces the most delicious of fruits. 
Brome'lia Pinguin, Ana'nas America'na, Pin- 
gain, Broad-leaved wild Ana'nas, <fcc. The West 
India plant, which affords the Pinguin fruit. The 
fruit is refrigerant, and the juice, when ripe, very 
austere. It is used to acidulate punch. A wine 
is made from the Pinguin, which is very intoxi- 
cating, and has a good flavour. 
BROMIC, Bro'micus: same etymon as Bro- 
mine. Containing bromine. 
BROMIDE OF IRON, see Bromine - b. of 
Mercury, see Bromine - b. of Potassium, see 
Bromine. • 
BROMIDRO'SIS, from ffpwpos, 'stench,* and 
'cdpwf, ' sweat.' Offensive sweat. 
BROMINE, Bro'minum, Bromin'ium, Broma, 
Bromin'cum, Bro'miurn, Bro'mina, Bromum, Mu'- 
rina, Muride, Brome. A simple body, of a very 
volatile nature, and highly offensive and suffo- 
cating odour, whence its name, from (ipwpos, ' a 
stench.' It is met with chiefly in sea-water, and 
in many animal and vegetable bodies that live 
therein. It has likewise been found in many 
mineral waters of this and other countries. In 
its chemical relations, it may be placed between 
chlorine and iodine. With oxygen it forms an 
acid,-the Bromic, and with hydrogen another- 
the Hydrobromic. 
Pure Bromine, Bromide or Iron, (dose, gr. i 
or ij,) and Bromide of Potassium, have been 
used medicinally, and chiefly in scrofulosis, - 
internally, as well as applied externally. Bro- 
mine may be dissolved in forty parts of distilled 
water, and six drops be commenced with as a 
dose. Bromides of Mercury (Hydrar'gyri Bro' - 
mida) have been given in syphilis. The proto- 
bromide and the bibromide are analogous in 
composition and medicinal properties to the cor- 
responding iodides of mercury. 
BROMIUM, Bromine. 
BROMOGRAPHY, Bromatography. 
BROMOS, ftpwpos. One of the cerealia, sup- 
posed, by some, to be oats. See Avena. 
BROMOSUS, Fetid. 
BROMUM, Bromine. 
BROMUS CILIA'TUS, B. purgans, Brome 
grass ; indigenous : Order, Graminese ; is said to 
be emetic, and anthelmintic (1), cathartic and 
diuretic. It purges cattle. 
Bromus Glaber, Triticum repens. 
Bromus Mollis, Soft Brome Grass. The seeds 
are said to cause giddiness in man; and to be 
fatal to poultry. 
Bromus Purgans, B. ciliatus. 
Bromus Temulentus, Lolium temulentum. 
BRONCHES, Bronchia - b. Ganglions lym- 
phatiques des, Bronchial glands. 
BRONCHI, Bronchia. 
BRON'CHIA, Bron'chirr, Bronchi, from j3poy- 
%os, 'the throat.' The Latins used the term 
147 
BRONCHITIS 
Bronchus, for the whole of the trachea; whilst 
they called its ramifications Bronchia. Bronchia, 
Bronchia, and Bronchi, (F.) Branches, now mean 
the two tubes, with their ramifications, which arise 
from the bifurcation of the trachea, and carry air 
into the lungs,-Can'nula pulmo'num. 
Bronchia, Dilatation of the, Dilated Bron~ 
chia. The physical signs of this condition are 
the following :-Percussion usually clear, but not 
unfrequently less so than natural, although very 
seldom quite dull. Auscultation detects coarse 
mucous or gurgling rhonchi, increased by the 
cough, combined with, or replaced by, bronchial 
or cavernous respiration, which is often effected 
as if by a sudden puff or whiff. The resonance 
of the voice is increased, but it seldom amounts 
to perfect pectoriloquy. The most common situ- 
ations for dilated bronchia are the scapular, mam- 
mary, or lateral regions. They are almost always 
confined to one side. 
Bronchia, Obliteration or Compression of 
the. The inspiratory murmur on auscultation 
is weaker or wholly suppressed over a limited 
portion of the chest; the expiration is generally 
more distinct and prolonged: all the other con- 
ditions are natural. 
BRONCHIuE, see Bronchia. 
BRON'CHIAL, Bronchic, Bronchia'lis, Bron'- 
chicus. That which relates to the bronchia. 
Bronchial Arteries, (F.) Arteres Bronchiques. 
These are generally two in number, one going to 
each lung. They arise from the thoracic aorta, 
and accompany the bronchia in all their ramifi- 
cations. 
Bronchial Cells, (F.) Cellules bronchiques. 
The Air-cells ; the terminations of the bronchia. 
Bronchial Cough, (F.) Toux bronchique, T. 
tubaire. This generally accompanies bronchial 
respiration. They both indicate obstruction to 
the entrance of air into the air-cells. 
Bronchial Glands, Glan'dula Vesalia'na, 
Glands of Vesa'lius, (F.) Glandes bronchiques ou 
Ganglions lymphatiques des branches, are numer- 
ous glands of an ovoid shape; of a reddish hue 
in the infant, and subsequently brown and black, 
seated in the course of the bronchia. Their func- 
tions are unknown. The bronchial glands may 
be presumed to be affected by scrofulosis, when, 
in addition to the existence of tumours in the 
neck, percussion gives a dull sound under the 
upper and central part of the sternum, whilst 
there is no appreciable lesion of the lungs. 
Bronchial Nerves, (F.) Nerfs bronchiques, 
are furnished by the two pulmonary plexuses. 
Bronchial Phthisis, see Phthisis bronchial- 
b. Respiration, see Murmur, respiratory. 
Bronchial Veins arise from the last divisions 
of the arteries of the same name, and pass, on 
the right side, into the vena azygos; on the left, 
into the superior intercostal. 
BRONCHIC, Bronchial. 
BRONCHIEC'TASIS, Dilata'tio bronchia'rum, 
from fyoyxos, ' a bronchus,' and ncraait, ' dilata- 
tion.' Dilatation of one or more bronchial tubes. 
BRONCHIITIS, Bronchitis. 
BRON'CHIOLE, Bronchiolum, Bronchiolus ; 
diminutive of Bronchium or Bronchus. A minute 
bronchial tube. 
BRONCHIOSTENO'SIS. from Qpoyxos, 'a 
bronchus,' and arevaxns, ' contraction.' Contrac- 
tion or narrowness of the bronchi. 
BRONCHITE CONX ULSIVE, Pertussis. 
BRONCHI'TIS, Bronchii'tis, Inflamma'tio 
bronchia'rum, Catar'rhus Pulmo'num, C. bron- 
chio'rum, Pleuri'tis hu'mida, P. bronchia'lis. 
Bronchos' tasis, Pul'monary Catarrh, Angi'na 
bronchialis, (F.) Inflammation des Branches. 
Inflammation of the lining membrane of the BRONCHIUS 
bronchial tubes. This is always more or less 
present in cases of pulmonary catarrh ; and is 
accompanied by cough, mucous expectoration, 
dyspnoea, and more or less uneasiness in breath- 
ing. The acute form is accompanied with all the 
signs of internal inflammation, and requires the 
employment of antiphlogistics followed by revul- 
sives. The chronic form, Tussis seni'lis, Catar'- 
rhus seni'lis, liheuma catarrha'le, Peripneumo'- 
nia notha, Bronchorrhce' a acn'ta, Winter cough, 
Chronic Catarrh, may be confounded with phthi- 
sis ; from which it must be distinguished mainly 
by the absence of hectic fever and of the physical 
signs that are characteristic of the latter, as well 
as by the nature of the expectoration, which is 
generally mucous, although at times muco-puru- 
lent. When the expectoration is little or none, 
the bronchitis is said to be dry, dry catarrh, (F.) 
Catarrhe Sec. 
When bronchitis affects the smaller tubes, it is 
termed capil'lary bronchi'tie, bronchi'tin capilla'- 
ris, bronchoc'ace infanti'lis ( ? ), and is often fatal 
to children. Vesic'ular bronchitis is the term pro- 
posed by MM. Rilliet and Barthez for the vesi- 
cular pneumonia of children. 
Bronchitis, Catarrh-b. Asthenica, Peripneu- 
monia notha - b. Capillary, see Bronchitis - b. 
Convulsiva, Pertussis-b. Membranacea, Polypus 
bronchialis-b. Plastic, Polypus bronchialis- 
b. Pseudomembranous, Polypus bronchialis - b. 
Summer, Fever, hay - b. Vesicular, see Bron- 
chitis. 
BRONCHIUS, Sterno-thvroideus. 
BRONCHLEMMITIS, Polypus bronchialis. 
BRONCHOCACE, Peripneumonia notha - b. 
Infantilis, see Bronchitis. 
BRONCHO-CATARRHUS, Catarrh. 
BRONCHOCE'LE, from @poyXos, 'a bronchus,' 
and K>jXr), 'tumour.' An inaccurate name for the 
affection which is called, also, Bo'chium, Botium, 
Hernia gut'turis, Guttur tu'midum seu globo'sum, 
Trachelophy'ma, Hernia guttura'lis, Thyroce'le, 
Thyreoce'le, Tracheoce'le, T hyremphrax' is, Thy- 
reophrax'ia, Thyreon'cus, Thyron'cus, Deiron'- 
cus, Deron'cus, Thyrophrax'ia, Gossum, Go'tium, 
Exechebron' chus, Gongro'na, Struma, Glans, Bo'- 
cium, Her'nia bronchia'lis, Tracheloce'le, Tuber 
gutturo' sum, Gntte'ria, &c., the Derbyshire neck, 
Swelled neck, Wen, Goitre, <tc., (F.) Goitre, Gou- 
itre, Hypertrophic du Corps Thyro'ide, Grosse 
Gorge, Gros Cou. This is no rupture, but con- 
sists of an enlargement of the thyroid gland. It 
is common at the base of lofty mountains in 
every part of the world ; and has been supposed 
to be owing to the drinking of snow-water, but 
it occurs where there is no snow. The tumour 
is sometimes very extensive. Iodine has great 
power over it, and will generally occasion its 
absorption, when the case has not been of such 
duration as to have ended in a cartilaginous con- 
dition. 
BRONCHOCEPHALITIS, Pertussis. 
BRONCHOPARALYSIS, Asthma. 
BRONCHOPHONY, Resonance. 
BRONCHOPLAS'TIC, Bronchoplas'ticus, from 
' a bronchus,' and ttXaaau, ' I form.' An 
epithet given to the operation for closing fistulas 
in the trachea. 
BRONCHOPNEUMO'NIA, from Xot, 'a 
bronchus,' and Pneumonia. Inflammation of the 
bronchia and lungs. 
BRONCHORRHCE'A, (F.) Bronchorrhie, Ca- 
tarrhe pituiteux, Phlegmorrhagie pulmonaire, 
Elux bronehique, from 'bronchus,' and 
ptw, ' I flow.' An increased secretion of mucus 
from the air passages, accompanied or not by in- 
flammation : - a gleet, as it were, of the pulmo- 
nary mucous membrane. 
148 
BRUCOURT 
Bronchorrhcea Acuta, Bronchitis (chronic.) 
BRONCHOSTASIS, Bronchitis. 
BRONCHOTOME, Bronchot'omus, from fipoy- 
%o$, and rc/ivciv, 'to cut.' A kind of lancet, with 
a blunt and rounded point, mounted on a handle, 
and fitted to a canula, which passes in along with 
it, and is allowed to remain in the opening made 
in the trachea. 
BRONCHOT'OMY, Bronchotom'ia, (F.) Bron- 
chotomie. Same etymology. A surgical opera- 
tion, which consists in making an opening either 
into the trachea, (Tracheotomy .■) into the larynx, 
(Laryngot' omy:) or into both, ( Tracheo-laryngot'- 
omy,) to extract foreign bodies or to permit the 
passage of air to the lungs. These different parts 
are divided transversely or vertically, according 
to circumstances. 
BRONCHUS, see Bronchia. Trachea. 
BROOKLIME, Veronica beccabunga. 
BROOM, Sophora tinctoria, Spartium seopa- 
rium-b. Butcher's, Ruscus - b. Clover, Sophora 
tinctoria-b. Indigo, Sophora tinctoria-b. Rape, 
of Virginia, Orobanche Virginiana-b. Spanish, 
Spartium junceum-b. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
BROSSADIERE, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. BrossardiSre is a chateau in Bas-Poitou, 
France. The waters contain carbonates of iron 
and lime, chloride of sodium, and sulphate of 
lime. They are aperient. 
BROSSE, Brush. 
BROTH, CHICKEN, see Chicken Broth. 
Broth, Vegetable. Take two potatoes, a car- 
rot, and an onion, all cut fine; boil in a quart of 
water for an hour, adding more water from time 
to time, so as to keep the original quantity; fla- 
vour with salt, and a small quantity of potherbs ; 
strain. A little mushroom catchup improves the 
flavour. 
BROUILLARD, Caligo. 
BROUS'SAIST. One who is a believer in, and 
professor of, the physiological and pathological 
opinions of Broussais. The system itself was 
called Broussaism, or the Physiological Doc- 
trine. 
BROW, Front-b. Ague, Neuralgia frontalis. 
BROWN RED, Colcothar. 
BROWN'IAN, IZroicno'nian, Bruno'nian. Re- 
lating to the system or opinions of John Brown. 
BROWNISM, Bru'nonism, Bruno'nianism. 
The doctrines of Brown. 
BROWNIST, Browno'nian, Bruno'nian. A 
follower of the system of Brown. 
BRU'CEA ANTI-DYSENTER'ICA. Called 
after Bruce, the Abyssinian traveller. B. ferru- 
gin'ea, Angustu'ra spu'ria, (F.) Fausse Angus- 
ture, A. Ferrugineuse. The systematic name of 
the plant whence was obtained-it was supposed 
-false Angustura or false Cusparia Bark. It 
is really the bark of Strychnos nux vomica. 
BRUCIA, Brucine. 
BRUCINE, Brn'cia, Bruci'na, Bruci'num, 
Bru'cium, Pseudangusturi'num, Canirami'num, 
Vbm'icine. An organic, salifiable base, disco- 
vered in the false angustura-Brucea anti-dy- 
senter'ica, and obtained from Strychnos nux vom'- 
ica. It is of a pearly white; crystallizes in oblique 
prisms with a parallelogrammatic base; is very 
bitter, slightly acrid and styptic, and soluble in 
water, but more so in alcohol. Brucia is a less 
active poison than strychnia. It resentbles it, 
however, and may be used as a substitute for it 
and for the extract of nux vomica. Dose, half a 
grain. 
BRUCKENAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These springs are in Bavaria, and contain car- 
bonic acid and iron. 
BRUCOURT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Brucourt is three leagues and a half from Caen, BRUISE 
in Normandy. The waters contain carbonic acid, 
chloride of sodium, and sulphate of soda, much 
sulphate of lime, <fcc. 
BRUISE, Contusion. 
BRUISE ROOT, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
BRUISEWORT, Bellis saponaria. 
BRUISSEMENT, (F.) Frem'itus. This word 
has much the same signification as Bourdonne- 
ment, as well as Bruit. 
BRUIT, (F.) 'Sound.' A French term, ap- 
plied to various sounds heard on percussion and 
auscultation, viz. 
BRUIT DE CRAQUEMENT, B.de Tiraille- 
meut, Bruit de cuir neuf, 'sound of crackling, or 
bursting, or of new leather.' A sound produced 
by the friction of the pericardium, when dried 
and roughened by inflammation. 
BRUIT DU CCEUR FIET AL, Battemens dou- 
bles ; Double bruit du Coeur du Foetus. The pul- 
sations of the foetal heart heard in auscultation 
in the latter half of utero-gestation. 
BRUIT DE CUIR NEUF, Bruit de craque- 
ment. 
BRUIT DE DIABLE, Ronfement du Diable, 
Bruit de souffle d double courant, 'noise of the 
diable or humming-top.' Venous hum. A high 
degree of Bruit de soufflet, heard on auscultating 
the arteries or veins-probably the latter-of the 
neck in chlorosis. It denotes an impoverished 
state of the blood. 
BRUIT DOUBLE DU CCEUR DU F CETUS, 
Bruit du Coeur foetal-b. de Frdlement, see Fr6le- 
ment. 
BRUIT DE FROISSEMENT PULMO- 
NAIRE, see Froissement pulmonaire. 
BRUIT DE FROLEMENT PERICAR- 
DIQUE, see FrGlement pericardique. 
BR UIT DE FR 0 TTEMENT ASCENDANT 
ET DESCENDANT, 'Sound of friction of ascent 
and descent.' Sounds produced by the rubbing of 
the lung against the parietes of the chest, as it 
rises and falls during inspiration and expiration. 
They are distinctly heard in pleuritis, when the 
pleura has become roughened by the disease. 
Friction sounds, Rubbing sounds, To-and-fro 
sounds are also heard in pericarditis and perito- 
nitis. 
BRUIT HUMORIQUE, B. Hydropneuma- 
tique. The sound afforded on percussion when 
organs are filled with liquid and air. 
BRUIT HYDROPNEUMATIQUE, Bruit 
humorique. 
BRUIT DE MOUCHE (F.), 'fly sound.' A 
sound analogous to the Bruit de diable-so called 
from its likeness to the buzzing of a fly :-heard 
on auscultating the neck in chlorotic cases. 
BRUIT MUSCULAIRE. The sound accom- 
panying the first sound of the heart, referred by 
some to muscular contraction. Called, also, 
Bruit rotatoire, in consequence of its having 
been thought to resemble the rumbling of distant 
wheels. 
BRUIT MUSICAL, Sifflement moduli. 
BRUIT DE P ARCHEMIN. 'Parchment 
tone.' A sound as if produced by two sheets of 
parchment applied to each other. It is said to be 
produced by thickening and rigidity of the valves 
of the heart. 
BRUIT PLAOENTAIRE, B. de soufflet pla- 
centaire, B. uterin, Souffle uterin, Souffle jdacen- 
taire, Placental bellows' sound, Utero-placen'tal 
•murmur, Uterine murmur. The bellows' sound 
heard on auscultating over the site of the pla- 
centa in a pregnant female. It does not appear 
to be owing to the placental vessels: but to the 
uterine tumour pressing upon the large vessels 
of the mother. z 
BR UITDE POT FELEq 'Sound of a cracked 
149 
BRUSH 
- 
vessel.' This sound is heard on percussion, when 
a cavern in the lungs is filled with air, and has a 
narrow outlet. 
BRUIT DE RACLEMENT, 'Sound of scra- 
ping.' A sound produced by the scraping of hard, 
solid membranes, as the pericardium, against each 
other. 
BRUIT DE RAPE, 'Sound of a rasp.' A 
sound heard during the contraction of either the 
auricles or ventricles. It is constant; and the 
contraction of the cavity is more prolonged than 
natural, and emits a hard, rough, and - as it 
were-stifled sound. 
It indicates contraction of the valvular orifices 
by cartilaginous deposits, or ossification, and is 
better heard near the apex of the heart, if the 
auriculo-ventricular valves be concerned, - near 
the base if the semilunar valves be the seat of the 
disease. 
BRUIT ROTATOIRE, Bruit musculaire. 
BRUIT DE SCIE, or 'saw-sound,' and Bruit 
de lime A bois, or 'file-sound,' resemble the Bruit 
de Rape. x 
BRUIT DE SOUFFLE A DOUBLE COU- 
RANT, Bruit de Diable. 
BRUIT DE SOUFFLET, Bruit de Souffle, 
'bellows' sound,' 'blowing sound.' A sound like 
that of a bellows, heard occasionally by the ear 
applied to the chest during the contraction of the 
ventricles, auricles, or large arteries. It coexists 
with affections of the heart, but is heard, also, 
without any disease in that organ, - whenever, 
indeed, an artery is compressed. An Encephalic 
bellows' sound, has been described by Drs. Fisher 
and Whitney. It is heard on applying the ear 
to the occiput or to the top of the head; and is 
considered to indicate turgescence of vessels, or 
inflammation. When such turgescence exists, 
the vessels are compressed, and the compression 
gives rise to the sound in question. 
BRUIT DE SOUFFLET PLACENTAIRE, 
Bruit placentaire - b. de Tiraillement, Bruit de 
craquement. 
BRUIT DE TAFFETAS. 'Sound of Taf- 
feta.' ' Sarcenet sound.' A respiratory sound, so 
named, by M. Grisolle, from its resembling the 
sound caused by the tearing of a piece of taffeta; 
and which he considers to indicate hepatization 
of the lung, limited to the surface, in pneumonia. 
BRUIT TYMPANIQUE, 'Tympanic sound.' 
The clear sound afforded by percussing the sto- 
mach and intestines when containing air. 
BRUIT UTERIN, B. placentaire. 
BRULURE, Burn. 
BRUNELLE, Prunella. 
BRUNNER'S GLANDS, Brunneri Glan'dulce, 
Glandules solita'riee, Solitary glands, Solitary 
follicles, Second pan'ereas. Compound muci- 
parous follicles, seated between the mucous and 
muscular coats of the stomach, along the two 
curvatures of that organ, and in the duodenum; 
so called from their discovery having been gene- 
rally attributed to Brunner. The solitary intes- 
tinal follicles are often known, at the present 
day, as the glands of Brunner, although Brunner 
restricted the latter term to the glands of the 
duodenum. 
BRUNONIAN, Brownian. 
BRUNONIANISM, Brownism. 
BRUNUS, Erysipelas. 
BRUSCUS, Ruscus. 
BRUSH, Scop'ula, (F.) Brosse. A well known 
instrument, used in medicine chiefly for the fol- 
lowing purposes. 1. To clean the teeth. 2. To 
remove the saw-dust which adheres to the teeth 
of the trephine, during the operation of trephin- 
ing. 3. To rub the surface of the body, for the 
purpose of exciting the skin, and favouring trans- BRUTA 
piration. Westring, a Swedish physician, has 
recommended metallic brushes for the purpose 
of conveying galvanism to a part. These brushes 
consist of a plate of ebony fitted to another of 
gold, in which threads of the same metal are 
fixed;-the brush being connected with one of 
the poles of the galvanic pile. 
Brush, Stomach, Excutia ventriculi. 
BRUTA, Juniperus sabina. 
BRU'TIA. A sort of thick pitch, obtained 
from Brutia, in Italy. From Pix Brutia was 
obtained the O'leum Pici'num. 
Brutia, Instinct. 
BRUTINO, Terebinthina. 
BRUXANELI. A Malabar tree, the bark and 
leaves of which have a strong smell, and are 
astringent. On the coast of Malabar, its juice, 
mixed with butter, is applied to boils. Its bark is 
esteemed to be diuretic, and its roots anti-arthritic. 
BRUYERE VULGAIRE, Erica vulgaris. 
BRUYERES, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Bruyeres is a small village, 73 leagues from 
Luneville. The waters are acidulous and chaly- 
BRYCETOS, see Algidus. 
BRYCHETHMOS, Rugitus. 
BRYCHETOS, see Algidus. 
BRYGMA, Brygmua, Trials, P rials, Priamua, 
Odontopri'aia, Stridor Den'tium, (F.) Grincement 
dea Dents. Grinding of the teeth. A common 
symptom, in children, of gastric or other derange- 
ment, but often present when there is no reason 
to suspect any. 
BRYO'NIA AFRICA'NA. A South African 
remedy, common amongst the Hottentots, which, 
in the form of decoction, acts simultaneously as 
an emetic, cathartic, and diuretic. It is used by 
the natives in cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and 
syphilis. The tincture is a powerful emetic and 
cathartic.-Thunberg. 
BRYO'NIA ALBA; White Bry'ony, Vitia 
alba aylvea'tria, Agroa'tia, Agriam1pelos, Am'peloa 
a'gria, Archeoa'tria, Echetro'ais, Bryo'nia aa'pera, 
Cedroa'tia, Chelido'nium, Labrua'ca, Melo'thrum, 
Ophrostaph'ylon, Pailo'thrum, Bryonia Dioi'ca. 
Nat. Ord. Cucurbitaceae. Sex. Syst. Moncecia 
Monadelphia. (F.) Gouleuvree, Vigne vierge, V. 
blanche. The root is large and succulent, and 
has an acrid, bitter, and disagreeable taste. It 
is a drastic cathartic. Externally, it has been 
applied, in form of cataplasm, in gout. When 
repeatedly washed, a good starch is obtained 
from it. The active principle has been separated 
from it, and called Bry'onine. 
Bryonia Mechoacanna Nigricans, Convol- 
vulus jalapa-b. Peruviana, Convolvulus jalapa. 
BRYONINE, see Bryonia alba. 
BRYONY, WILD, Sycios angulatus. 
BRYTIA, Marc of grapes. 
BRYTON, Cerevisia. 
BU, /3ou, abbreviation of [Jov$, 'an ox;' in com- 
position expresses, 'excess, greatness.' Hence 
Bulimus, Buphthal'mia, <tc. 
BUBASTECORDIUM, Artemisia vulgaris. 
BUBE, Pustule. 
BUBO, /Jov/3a>v, Pano'chia, Panua inguina'lia, 
Adenophy'ma inguina'lia, Bubonopa'nua, Bubo- 
non'cus, Bubon'cua, Oambu'ca, Angus, Boubon, 
Codoce'le, Codoacel'la, (F.) Bubon, Poulain. In 
the works of Hippocrates and Galen, this word 
sometimes signifies the groin-Tnguen; at others, 
the inguinal glands; and at others, again, swell- 
ing or inflammation of these parts. The moderns 
apply the term to an inflammatory tumour seated 
in the groin or axilla, and they generally distin- 
guish, 1. Simple or Sympathetic Bubo, which is 
independent of any virus in the economy. 2. 
150 
BUBONULUS 
- 
Venereal 11111)0, (F.) Bubon vinirien, which is oc- 
casioned by the venereal virus. 3. Pestilential 
Bubo, or B. symptomatic of the Plague. The last 
two have by some been called malignant Bubo, 
(F.) Bubon malin. 
Primary Bubo, (F.) Bubon primitif, shows it- 
self with the first symptoms of syphilis : the con- 
secutive not till afterwards. 
BUBON, Bubo, Inguen-b. Gummiferum, see 
Ammoniac gum. x 
BUBON IP EMBLEE, (F.) An enlargement 
and suppuration of one or more of the inguinal 
glands, not preceded by any other of the more 
common forms of venereal disease, nor by any 
other syphilitic symptom. 
Bubon Gal'banum. The systematic name 
of a plant which has been supposed to afford 
galbanum; Meto'pion, Mato'ri uni. The plant is 
also called Fer'ula Africa'na, Oreoseli'num Afri- 
ca'num, Ani'sum frutico' sum galbanif erum, Ani- 
sumi Africa'num frutes'cens, Seli'num Galbanum, 
Agasyll'is gal'banum, The long-leaved or lovage- 
leaved Gal'banum. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferm. The 
plant can scarcely, however, be considered to be 
determined. Galbanum is the gummi-resinous 
juice. Its odour is fetid, and taste bitter and 
acrid: the agglutinated tears are of a white co- 
lour, on a ground of reddish-brown. It forms an 
emulsion, when triturated with water, and is solu- 
ble in proof spirits of wine, and vinegar: s. g. 
1.212. It has been given as an antispasmodic, 
and expectorant, in pill or emulsion. Dose, from 
gr. 10 to 60. Externally, it is applied as a cata- 
plasm. 
Bubon galbanum is a South African plant; and 
is reputed to be an excellent diuretic, under the 
name of Wild Celery. A decoction of the leaves 
is given in dropsy and gravel. According to 
Pappe, the resinous matter, which exudes from 
the stem, differs in appearance, smell, and in 
every respect, from Gummi Galbanum. 
Bubon Macedon'icum, Athaman'ta Macedon' - 
ica. Petroseli'num Macedon'icum, A'pium petra'- 
um, Petra'pium, (F.) Persil de Macedoine, Mace- 
donian Parsley. Its properties are similar to 
those of common parsley, but weaker and less 
grateful. The seeds are an ingredient in the 
celebrated compounds, Mithridate and Theriac. 
BUBONA, Nipple. 
BUBONALGIA, from /loujSwv, 'the groin,' and 
aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the groin. 
BUBONCUS, Bubo. 
BUBO'NIUM, Aster Al'ticus, Golden Starwort. 
A plant anciently supposed to be efficacious in 
diseases of the groin, from ftovduv, ' the groin.' 
BUBONOCE'LE, from (3ov[Jwv, 'the groin,'and 
xr/Xiy, ' tumour,' ' rupture.' Her'nia iuguina'lis, 
(F.) Hernie inguinale, In'guinal Hernia, or 11 up- 
ture of the Gn,'n. Some surgeons have confined 
this term to hernia when limited to the groin, 
and have called the same affection, when it has 
descended to the scrotum, Oscheoce'le, or Scrotal 
Hernia. The rupture passes through the abdo- 
minal ring: and, in consequence of the greater 
size of the opening in the male, it is more fre- 
quent in the male sex. 
BUBONONCUS, Bubo. 
BUBONOPANUS, Bubo. 
BL BONOREX'IS, from povjStnv, c the groin,' 
and ' a rupture.' A name given to bubo- 
nocele when accompanied with a division of the 
peritoneum, or when, in other words, it is devoid 
of a sac. 
BUBON'ULUS, Bubun'culus. A diminutive 
of Bubo. A painful swelling of the lymphatics 
of the penis, extending along the dorsum of that 
organ to the groin. It is an occasional accom- 
paniment of gonorrhoea. BUBUKLE 
BUBUKLE. A word used by Shakspeare for 
a red pimple on the nose. 
BUBUNCULUS, Bubonulus. 
BUG AKOS, Terra Portugallica. 
BUCCA, Gnathos. The mouth. The cheek 
and hollow of the cheek. Also, the vulva. 
BUCCAC'RATON, from Bucca, and K?au, 'I 
mix.' A morsel of bread sopped in wine, which 
served of old for a breakfast.-Linden. 
BUCCAL, Bucca'lis, from Bucca, ' the mouth,' 
or rather ' the cheek.' That which concerns the 
mouth, and especially the cheek. 
Buccal Artery, A. Sus-maxillaire, (Ch.) 
arises from the internal maxillary or from some 
of its branches, as the Temporalis profunda an- 
tica, or the Alveolar. It distributes its branches 
to the buccinator muscle, and to the buccal mem- 
brane. 
Buccal Glands, Molar Glands. Mucous fol- 
licles, seated in the buccal membrane, opposite 
the molar teeth. They secrete a viscid humour, 
which mixes with the saliva, and lubricates the 
mouth. 
Buccal Membrane, (F.) Membrane Buccale. 
The mucous membrane, which lines the interior 
of the mouth. 
Buccal Nerve, or Buccina'tor Nerve, Bucco- 
labial-(Ch.,) is given off by the inferior maxil- 
lary. It sends its branches to the cheek, and 
especially to the buccinator muscle. 
Buccal Vein follows the artery. 
BUC'CEA, Buccel'la. The fleshy excrescence 
of nasal polypus, so called because it was believed 
to proceed from the mouth.-Paracelsus. Also, 
a mouthful. 
BUCCELA'TON, Buccela'tus. A loaf-shaped 
cathartic medicine; made chiefly of scammony. 
-Aetius, Paulus of -Egina. 
BUCCELLA'TIO. A mode of arresting hemor- 
rhage, by applying a pledget of lint to the bleed- 
ing vessel.-Avicenna, Fallopius. 
BUCCINA, Turbinated bones. 
BUCCINA'TOR, from buccinare, 'to sound 
the trumpet.' The Buccina'tor Muscle, Retrac'- 
tor An'guli Oris, Bucco-Alviolo-maxillaire, AM- 
olo-labial - (Ch.,) Manso'rius, is situate in the 
substance of the cheeks. It extends between the 
posterior portions of the alveolar arches of the 
two jaws and the commissure of the lips, which 
it draws backward. It assists in mastication, by 
pushing the food back towards the teeth ; and, 
if the cheeks be distended by air, its contrac- 
tion forces it out. 
BUCCO. One who is blub-cheeked, or wide- 
mouthed. z 
BUCCO-AL VEOLO-MAXILLAIRE, Bucci- 
nator. 
BUCCO-LABIAL NERVE, Buccal nerve. 
BUCCO-PHARYNGE'AL, Bucco-Pkarynge'- 
us, (F.) Bucco-Pharyngien. Belonging to the 
mouth and pharynx. The Bucco-pharynge'al 
Aponeuro'sis or Intermax'illary Lig'ament, ex- 
tends from the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
cess to the posterior part of the lower alveolar 
areh, and affords attachment, anteriorly, to the 
buccinator, and, posteriorly, to the constrictor 
pharyngis superior. 
BUC'CULA, from Bucca, 'the mouth.' A 
small mouth. The fleshy part beneath the chin. 
•-Bartholine. 
BUGERAS, Trigonella feenum-b. Foenum 
Graecum, Trigonella foenum Graeeum. 
BUCIIU, Diosma crenata-b. Leaves, Diosma 
ere n atm 
BUCKBEAN, Menyanthes trifoliata-b. Ame- 
rican, Menyanthes verna. 
BUCKBERRY, Vaccinium stamineum. 
BUCKET FEVER, Dengue. 
151 
BULBUS 
BUCKEYE, AEsculus hippocastanum. 
BUCKHO, Diosma crenata. 
BUCKTHORN, PURGING, Rhamnus. 
BUCKWHEAT, Polygonum fagopyrum - b. 
Plant, eastern, Polygonum divaricatum. 
BUCNEMIA, see Elephantiasis - b. Tropica, 
see Elephantiasis. 
BUCTON, Hymen. 
BUFF, INFLAMMATORY, Corium phlogis- 
ticum. 
BUFFY COAT, Corium phlogisticum. 
BUG, (BED,) Cimex. 
BUGANTIA, Chilblain. 
BUG'GERY, Sod'omy, Sodom'ia, Co'itug So- 
domit'icue, (I.) Bugarone. Said to have been 
introduced by the Bulgarians. A carnal copula- 
tion against nature, as of a man or woman with 
any animal; or of a man with a man, or a man 
unnaturally with a woman. The unnatural 
crime. 
BUGLE, Prunella - b. Common, Ajuga rep- 
tans-h. Pyramidale, Ajuga-b. Rampante, Aju- 
ga reptans - b. Water, Lycopus Virginicus - b. 
Weed, Lycopus. 
BUGLOSE, Anchusa officinalis. 
BUGLOSS, DYER'S, Anchusa tinctoria- b. 
Garden, Anchusa officinalis - b. Upright, Ajuga. 
BUGLOSSA, Anchusa officinalis. 
BUGLOSSUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM MAJUS, 
Anchusa officinalis-b. Latifolium, Borago offici- 
nalis- b. Sativum, Anchusa officinalis -b. Syl- 
vestris, Anchusa officinalis - b. Tinctorum, An- 
chusa tinctoria - b. Verum, Boracic acid - b. 
Vulgare majus, Anchusa officinalis. 
BUGRANDE EPINEUSE, Ononis spinosa. 
BUGRANE, Ononis spinosa-b. des Champ*, 
Ononis arvensis. 
BUGULA, Ajuga-b. Chamaepitys, Teuerium 
chamtepitys- b. Pyramidalis, Ajuga-b. Rep- 
tans, Ajuga reptans. 
BUIS, Buxus. 
BUISARD, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bui- 
sard is two leagues from Chateau-Thierry, in 
France. The water contains chloride of calcium 
and carbonate of lime. 
BULB, Bulbus, (F.) Bulbe. A name, given 
by anatomists to different parte which resemble, 
in shape, certain bulbous roots. The Bulb of the 
Aorta is the great sinus of the Aorta. Bulb of a 
Tooth; the vascular and nervous papilla con- 
tained in the cavity of a tooth. The Bulb or 
Root of the Hair is the part whence the hair 
originates. The Bulb of the Urethra is the 
dilated portion formed by the commencement 
of the Corpus spongiosum towards the root of 
the penis. We say, also, Bulb, for Globe, of 
the eye. 
Bulb of the Eye, see Eye-b. of the Female, 
Bulbus vestibuli - b. Rachidian, see Medulla 
oblongata. 
BULBE, Bulb-b. du Vagin, Bulbus vestibuli 
- b. de la lodte d trois Piliers, Mamillary tu- 
bercles. 
BULBI FORNICIS, Mamillary tubercles-b. 
Priorum Crurum Fornicis, Mamillary tubercles. 
BULBOCASTANEUM, Bunium bulbocas- 
tanum. 
BULBO-CAVERNOSUS, Accelerator urinas- 
b. Syndesmo-caverneux, Accelerator urinae - b. 
UrithraJ, Accelerator urinae. 
BULBOCODIUM, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
BULBONACH, Lunaria rediviva. 
BULBUS, Bulb. 
Bulbus Esculen'tus. The I/euZent Bulb: 
a particular kind, so denominated by the an- 
cients. It is supposed to have been the Cepa 
Ascalon'ica.-Dioscorides, Celsus, Pliny, Ac. BULESIS 
Bulbus Glandulosus, Proventriculus - b. 
Oculi, see Eye - b. Olfactorius, see Olfactory 
Nerves - b. Pili, see Hair - b. Rachidicus, see 
Medulla oblongata-b. Vaginae, B. vestibuli. 
Bulbus Vestib'uli, B. Vagi'nos, Plexus reti- 
form'is, Crura clitor'idis inter'na, Bulb or Semi- 
bulb of the Female, (F.) Bulbe du Vagin. A close- 
packed plexus of intricately anastomosing veins, 
inclosed in a fibrous investment, - being an im- 
mediate continuation and extension of the pars 
intermedia, and occupying the space between the 
beginning or vestibule of the vagina and the 
rami of the pubic arch. It is regarded by Louth, 
Taylor, Morgagni and Kobelt as the analogue 
of the male bulb. 
Bulbus Vomito'rius. A plant, said by Dios- 
corides to be emetic and diuretic. It is the 
Mask-grape flower, according to Ray,-the Hya- 
cinthus Muscari. 
BULESIS, Voluntas. 
BULGA, Vulva. 
BULIMIA, Boulimia. 
BU'LITHOS, from 0ovr, 'an ox,' and X<$oy, 
' a stone.' A bezoar or stone, found in the kid- 
neys, gall-bladder, or urinary bladder of an ox 
or cow. 
BULLA, (F.) Bulle. A Bleb. A portion of 
the cuticle, detached from the skin by the inter- 
position of a transparent, watery fluid. It forms 
the 4th order in Willan's and Bateman's arrange- 
ment of cutaneous diseases, and includes erysi- 
pelas, pemphigus, and pompholyx. By some, 
Bulla has been used synonymously with Pem- 
phigus. See, also, Hydatid. 
BULLACE PLUM, Prunus invitia. 
BULLJE ROTUNDJE CERVICIS UTERI, 
Nabothi glan dulse. 
BULL-FISTS, Lycoperdon. 
BUMELLIA, Fraxinus excelsior. 
BUNA, Coffea Arabica. 
BUNDURH, Corylus avellana. 
BUNIAS, Brassica napus. 
BU'NIOID, B unidi'des, Na'piform; from /?ou- 
»iov, 'a turnip,' and zeioj, 'resemblance.' An 
epithet for a form of cancer, bearing some resem- 
blance to a turnip. 
BUNION, Bunyon. 
BUNI'TES VINUM. A wine, made by in- 
fusing the Bunium in must. It is stomachic, but 
scarcely ever used. 
BUNIUM, Carvi, Carum. 
Bu'nIUM BuLBOCAS'tANUM, fiovviov, so 
called, it has been supposed, from growing on 
hills, from /Jovvoj, 'a hill.' Balanocas'tanum, 
Bu'nitim minus, Sium bulbocastanum, Scandex 
bulbocastanum, Carum bulbocastanum. The sys- 
tematic name of a plant, whose root is called 
Pig-nut, Agriocas'tanum, Nu'cula terres'tris, Bul- 
bocas'tanum magus et minus, Earth-nut, Hawk- 
nut, Kipper-nut, (F.) Terre-wonr. The root is 
tuberous, and is eaten raw or roasted. It has 
been supposed to be of use in strangury. It is 
not employed in medicine. 
BUNNIAN, Bunyon. 
BUN'YON, Bun'ion, Bim'nian, from fiavvos, 
'an eminence.'(?) An enlargement and in- 
flammation of the bursa mucosa at the inside of 
the ball of the great toe. 
BUOPHTHALMIA, Buphthalmia. 
BUPEINA, Boulimia. 
BUPHTHALMI HERBA, Anthemis tinctoria. 
BUPHTHAL'MIA, Buophthal'mia, Buphthal'- 
mos, Elephantom'ma, from fiovs, ' an ox,' and o<p- 
SaX/jios, 'an eye.' Ox-eye. Under this name, 
the generality of authors have designated the 
first stage of hydrophthalmia. Others, with Sa- 
batier, moan, by it, turgeseence of the vitreous 
152 
BURSjE MUCOSJE 
humour, which, by pushing the iris forwards, 
forms around the crystalline a sort of border 
BUPHTHALMUM CRETICUM, Anthemis 
Pyrethrum-b. Majus, Chrysanthemum leucan- 
themum. 
BUPHTHALMUS, Ilydrophthalmia, Semper- 
vivum tectorum. 
BUPINA, Boulimia. 
BL'PLEUROIDES, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
BUPLEU'RUM ROTUNDIFO'LIUM, Bu- 
pleu'ron, BupleuroVdes, from j3ou, augmentative, 
and aXcvpov, 'side,' (F.) Buplevre, Percefeuille, 
Bound-leaved Hare's Ear, Thorowwax. The herb 
and seeds are slightly aromatie. It was formerly 
celebrated for curing ruptures, being made into 
a cataplasm with wine and oatmeal. 
BUPLEVBE, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
BURAC. Borax. Also, any kind of salt. 
(Arabic.) 
BURDOCK, Arctium lappa - b. Lesser, Xan- 
thium-b. Prairie, Silphium terebinthaceum. 
BURIAL ALIVE, Zoothapsis. 
BURIS, Hernia, accompanied by scirrhous 
tumefaction; or, perhaps, a scirrhous tumour 
only.-Avicenna. 
BURN. Sax. bernan or byrnan, 'to burn or 
bren.' Us'tio, Anibus'tio, Adus'tio, Tresis Causis, 
Erythe'ma Ambus'tio, Causis, Encau'sis, Pyri- 
caus'tum, Combustu'ra, Catacau'ma, Combus'tio, 
(F.) Brtdure. An injury produced by the action 
of too great heat on the body. Burns are of 
greater or less extent, from the simple irritation 
of the integument to the complete destruction of 
the part. The consequences are more or less 
severe, according to the extent of injury, and the 
part affected. Burns of the abdomen, when ap- 
parently doing well, are sometimes followed by 
fatal results. Their treatment varies,-at times, 
the antiphlogistic being required; at others, one 
more stimulating. 
BURNEA, see Pinus Sylvestris. 
BURNET, CANADA, Sanguisorba Cana- 
densis. 
BURNETT'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A 
solution of chloride of zinc, first used by Sir 
William Burnett for preserving timber, canvass, 
Ac., from dry rot, mildew, Ac., and afterwards 
as an antibromic and antiseptic, especially in the 
case of dead bodies. 
BURNING, 7?ren»?njr. A disease mentioned 
by old historians, from which authors have un- 
successfully endeavoured to demonstrate the an- 
tiquity of syphilis.-Parr. 
BURNING OF THE FEET, see Feet, burn- 
ing of the. 
BURNT HOLES. A variety of rupia, popu- 
larly known in Ireland under this name; and not 
unfrequent there amongst the ill-fed children of 
the poor. 
BUR-REED, GREAT, Sparganium ramosum. 
BURRHI SPIR'ITUS MATRICA'LIS. The 
Spirit of Burrhus for diseases of the M'oiai. It 
is prepared by digesting, in alcohol, equal parts 
of myrrh, olibanum, and mastic. Boerhaave fre- 
quently prescribed it. 
BURSA CORDIS, Pericardium - b. Pastoris, 
Thlaspi bursa-b. Testiuin, Scrotum-b. Virilis, 
Scrotum. 
BURSJE MUCO'SA?, Bursa muco'sa vesicu- 
la'res, Bursa seu Cap'sula synovia'les, Blenno- 
cys'tides, Sacci muco'si, Vesi'ca unguino'sa ten'- 
dinum, Vagi'na Synovia'les, Synovial Crypts or 
Follicles, (F.) Bourses Synoviales. Small mem- 
branous sacs, situate about the joints, particularly 
about the large ones of the upper and lower ex- 
tremities, and, for the most part, lying under the 
tendons. They are naturally filled with an oily 
kind of fluid, the use of which is to lubricate sur- BURSAL 
faces over which the tendons play. In conse- 
quence of bruises or sprains, this fluid sometimes 
collects to a great extent. The bursae are, gene- 
rally, either of a roundish or oval form, and they 
have been arranged under two classes, the sphe- 
rical and the vaginal. 
Bursae Synoviales, Bursae mucosae. 
BURSAL, Bursa'lis. Relating or appertain- 
ing to bursae,-as a ' bursal tumour.' 
BURSALIS, Obturator internus. 
BURSERA ACUMINATA, B. gummifera. 
Burse'ra Gummif'era, B. acumina'ta, Tere- 
binth'us gummifera, Jamaica Bark Tree. A resin 
exudes from this tree, which, as met with in the 
shops, is solid externally; softish internally; of 
a vitreous fracture; transparent; of a pale yellow 
colour; turpentine smell, and sweet, perfumed" 
taste. It has been used like balsams and tur- 
pentines in general, and is called, by the French, 
Gachibou, Chibou, and Resine de Gomart. 
BURST, Hernia, Hernial. 
BURSTEN, see Hernial. 
BURSULA, Scrotum. 
BURTHISTLE, Xanthium. 
BURWEED, Xanthium. 
BURWORT, Ranunculus acris. 
BUSSANG, MINERAL WATERS OF. Bus- 
sang is a village in the department of Vosges, 
France. The waters are acidulous chalybeates. 
BUSSEROLLE, Arbutus uva ursi. 
BUS'SII SPIR'ITUS BEZOAR'TICUS, Be- 
zoar'dic Spirit of Bussius. A preparation, re- 
garded as sudorific, diuretic, and antispasmodic; 
obtained by distilling subcarbonate and muriate 
of ammonia, amber, oil of cedar or juniper, Ac. 
BUTE, ISLAND OF, CLIMATE OF. This 
island is in the Frith of Clyde, about 18 miles 
below Greenock. The climate is mild and equa- 
ble, but rather moist; and, as a winter residence, 
it holds out advantages for those only that ap- 
pear to demand such a condition of the atmo- 
sphere. The climate resembles, in character, 
that of the S. W. of England and France, and 
the Channel islands; although its temperature is 
lower. 
BU'TEA FRONDO'SA, Erythri'na monosper'- 
ma, RudoVph'ia frondo'sa, see Kino. A tree, 
common in Bengal, and in the mountainous parts 
of India; Nat. Ord. Leguminosae; from which 
gum butea flows. Dr. Pereira found this gum to 
be identical with a specimen marked gummi ru- 
brum astringens-the gomme astringents de Gam- 
ble of M. Guibourt. By some, this gum has been 
confounded with kino. 
BUTIGA, Gutta rosea. 
BUTOMON, Iris pseudacorus. 
BUTTER, from 0ovrvpov; itself from &ovs, 'ox,' 
and mpof, 'any thing coagulated.' Buty'rum, 
Pice'rion, (F.) Beurre. A sort of concrete oil, 
obtained from the cream that forms on the sur- 
face of the milk furnished by the females of the 
mammalia; especially by the cow and the goat. 
Fresh butter is very nutritious, whilst the rancid 
is irritating. The ancient chemists gave the 
name Butter to many of the metallic chlorides. 
It has also been applied to vegetable substances, 
which resemble, in some respects, the butter ob- 
tained from milk. 
Butter of Bambouc or Bambuc, (F.) Beurre 
de Bambouc ou Bambuk. A vegetable oil ob- 
153 
BYTHOS 
tained from a species of almond, and used in 
Senegal in neuralgic and rheumatisms! pains. 
Butter of Ca'cao, Oil of Ca'cao, Oleum Ca- 
cao spissa'tum, 0. Theobro'mtB Cacao expres'sum, 
(F.) Beurre de Cacao, Huile de Cacao. A fat 
substance, of a sweet and agreeable taste, ob- 
tained from the Theobroma cacao, or chocolate 
nut. 
Butter of Cocoa, (F.) Buerre de Coco. A 
fatty, concrete substance, which separates from 
the milk of the cocoa nut. It is sweet and 
agreeable. 
BUTTERBUR, Tussilago petasites. 
BUTTERCUPS, Ranunculus acris. 
BUTTERFLY-WEED, Asclepias tuberosa. 
BUTTERMILK, (F.) Babeurre, Lait de 
Beurre. The thin, sour milk, separated from the 
cream by churning. It contains caseum and a 
little butter. It is a refreshing drink when 
newly made. 
BUTTERWORT, Pinguicola vulgaris. 
BUTTOCK-HUMP, Steatopyga. 
BUTTONBUSH, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
BUTTONWOOD SHRUB, Cephalanthus occi- 
dentalis. 
BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
BUTYRUM, Butter - b. Amygdalarum dul- 
cium, Confection (almond)-b. Saturni, Unguen- 
tum plumbi superacetatis - b. Zinci, Zinci chlo- 
ridum. 
BUVEUR, Rectus internus oculi. 
BUXTON, MINERAL W'ATERS OF, Bux- 
tonien'ses Aqua. Buxton is a village in Derby- 
shire. The springs are thermal, and about 82° 
Fahrenheit. They contain sulphate of soda, 
chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride 
of magnesium, carbonate of lime, carbonic acid, 
and azote. They are used in cases in which 
thermal springs, in general, are recommended. 
They contain little or no mineral impregnation. 
BUXUS, Buxus sempervi'rens. The Box-tree, 
(F.) Buis ou Bouis. The leaves are bitter and 
aromatic, and, as such, have been used in medi- 
cine, in cases of worms, dyspepsia, &c., in the 
form of decoction. They are sometimes, also, 
added to beer. The seed was anciently called 
Carthe'gon. 
BYNE, Malt. 
BY'RETHRUM. A sort of cap or Couvrechef, 
filled with cephalic substances.-Forestus. 
BYRSA, jSupaa. A leather skin to spread 
plasters upon. 
BYRSODEP'SICON. A tan stuff, with which 
C.f.lius Aurelianus sprinkled wool, which he 
applied in certain cases to the umbilical region: 
from fivpaa, 'leather,' and iexpcu, 'I tan.' 
BYRSODEPSICUM PRINCIPIUM, Tannin. 
BYSAU'CHEN, from /?t>w, 'I stop up,' and 
' the neck.' A morbid stiffness of the 
neck. One with a short neck,-Simotrache'lus. 
BYSSOS, Vulva. 
BYSSUS, Byssum. The ancients gave this 
name to several vegetable substances, which were 
used for the fabrication of stuffs prized for their 
fineness, colour, and rarity of material. It is 
now chiefly applied to the filaments, by the aid 
of which the acephalous mollusca attach their 
shells to the rocks. Byssus was formerly also 
applied to the female pudendum. 
BYTHOS, (Mos, ' depth.' An epithet used by 
Hippocrates for the fundus of the stomach. CAA-APIA 
154 
CACHLEX 
c. 
C. This letter in the chemical alphabet sig- 
nifies nitre. It is also sometimes used in pre- 
scriptions for calx. 
CAA-AP'IA, Dorste'nia Brazilien'sis seu cor- 
difo'lia seu placentoi'des seu vitel'la. The root, 
according to Piso, is employed as emetic and 
anti-diarrhceic. 
CAA-ATAY'A. A plant of Brazil, supposed 
to be a species of gratiola. It is very bitter, 
and considered to be one of the best indigenous 
cathartics. 
CAACICA, Euphorbia capitata. 
CAA-GHIYU'YO, Frutex bac'cifer Brazilien'- 
sis. A shrub of Brazil, whose leaves, in powder, 
are considered detersive. 
CAAOPIA, Hypericum bacciferum. 
CAAPEBA, Pareira brava. 
CAAPONGA, Crithmum maritimum. 
CAAROBA. A Brazilian tree, whose leaves, 
in decoction, promote perspiration. See Cera- 
tonia. 
CABAL, Cab'ala, Cabal'la, Cal'bala, Caba'lia, 
Kab'ala, Gaballa. This word is from the He- 
brew, and signifies knowledge transmitted by 
tradition. Paracelsus and several authors of the 
16th and 17th centuries have spoken much of 
this species of magic, which they distinguished 
into Judaic or theologian, and Hermetic or medi- 
cinal ; the latter being, according to them, the 
art of knowing the most occult properties of 
bodies by an immediate communication with 
spirits, - the knowledge being thus acquired by 
inspiration, and incapable of inducing error. It 
was also called Ars cabalis'tica, ' cabalistic art.' 
CABAL'HAU. A plant of Mexico, according 
to Dalechamps, which passes for an antidote to 
white hellebore, and yet is used for poisoning 
arrows. It is unknown to botanists. 
CAB'ALIST, Cabalis'ta. One instructed in 
the Cabal. 
CABALLATION, Cynoglossum. 
CABARET, Asarum. 
CABBAGE, Cow, Nymphaea odo- 
rata-c. Irish, Dracontium foetidum - c. Skunk, 
Dracontium foetidum - c. Swamp, Dracontium 
foetidum-c. Water, Nymphaea odorata-c. Tree, 
Geoffraea inermis-c. Bark tree, Geoffraeainermis. 
CABBAGIUM, Geoffraea inermis. 
CABUREIBA, Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
CABUREICIBA, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
CACtE'MIA, Cachce'mia, from kokos, 'bad,' 
and 'ai/ia, ' blood.' A faulty or morbid condition 
of the blood. 
CACjESTHE'SIS, Cacaasthe'sis, Cacoasthe'- 
sis, from kokos, 'bad,' and aiadrws, 'feeling.' 
Morbid sensation. Morbid general feeling. In- 
disposition. 
CACAFERRI. Ferri subcarbonas. 
CAC'AGOGUE, Cacago'gus, from kukku, 'ex- 
crement,' and ayciv, 'to expel.' An ointment, 
composed of alum and honey; which, when ap- 
plied to the anus, produced an evacuation.- 
Paulus of JEgina. 
CACALEXITERIA, Alexiteria. 
CACA'LIA AXTEUPHOR'BIUM, Anteu- 
phor'bium. A plant, which Dodoens and others 
considered to be capable of tempering the caustic 
properties of euphorbium. It is also called 
Klein'ia. 
Many varieties of the Cacalia are used, in dif- 
ferent countries, chiefly as condiments. 
CA'CAO, Ca'coa, Caca'vi, Quahoil, Cacava'ta. 
The cocoa or chocolate nut; fruit of Theobro'ma 
Cacao, Co'coa Cacavif era, Ca'cao minor seu 
sati'va, Cacao theobro'ma; Family, Malvaceae. 
Sex. Syst. Polydelphia Pentandria. 
CACATION, Defecation. 
CACATORIA, Diarrhoea. 
CAC'ATORY, Cacato'rius, from cacare, 'to go 
to stool.' Febris cacato'ria ; a kind of intermit- 
tent fever, accompanied by copious al vine evacua- 
tions.-Sylvius. 
CACAVATA, Cacao. 
CACAVI, Cacao, Jatropha manihot. 
CACCE, Excrement. 
CACCION'DE. A sort of pill, chiefly formed 
of catechu, recommended by Baglivi in dysentery. 
CACEPHEBOTE'SIA, from KaKoi, 'bad,' and 
ciptflorijf, ' puberty.' Morbid puberty. Disease 
occurring at the period of puberty. 
CACHANG-PARANG. A sort of bean of Su- 
matra, mentioned by Marsden, whose seeds are 
given in pleurisy. Jussieu considers it to be the 
Mimo'sa scandens. 
CACHEC'TIC, Cachec'tes, Cachec'ticus, same 
etymon as Cachexia. One attacked with ca- 
chexia. Belonging to cachexia. Cachec'tica 
remed'la are remedies against cachexia. 
CACHEN-LAGUEN, Chironia Chilensis. 
CACHEX'IA, from xaxoy, 'bad,' and 
'habit.' Status cachec'ticue, Cachexy, Dysthe'sis, 
(F.) Cachexie. A condition in which the body 
is evidently depraved. A bad habit of body, 
chiefly the result of scorbutic, cancerous, or ve- 
nereal diseases when in their last stage. Hence 
we hear of a Scorbutic Cachexia, Cancerous Ca- 
chexia, &c. Sauvages and Cullen have included 
under this head a number of diseases-consump- 
tions, dropsies, &c. Cachexia has been some- 
times confounded with diathesis. Cachexia 1c- 
ter'ica is jaundice or icterus itself, or a disposition 
thereto. Fluor albus is sometimes called Ca- 
chexia Uterina. 
Cachexia Africana, Chthonophagia-c. Cal- 
culosa, Lithia-c. Cancerous, see Cancer-c. 
Chlorotic, Chlorosis - c. Dysthetica, Dyscrasia- 
c. Icterica, Icterus - c. Lymphatica farciminosa, 
see Equinia. 
Cachexia Londinen'sis. The paleness and 
other evidences of impaired health presented by 
the inhabitants of London. A similar cachexia is 
seen in those of other crowded cities. 
Cachexia, Marsh, (F.) Cachexie paludfenne. 
The state of cachexy observed in malarious dis- 
tricts. 
Cachexia Saturnine, Saturnismus. 
Cachexia, Scorbutic, see Purpura-c. Scro- 
phulosa, Scrofula. 
Cachexia Sple'nica. The state of scorbutic 
cachexia, which often accompanies diseases, es- 
pecially enlargement of the spleen, Splenal'gia 
Bengalen'sis, in India. 
Cachexia Venerea, Syphilis-c. Venous, Ve- 
nosity-c. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
CACHEXIE, Cachexia - c. Paludtenne, Ca- 
chexia, marsh. 
CACHEXY, Cachexia. 
CACHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. 
CACHINLAGUA, Chironia chilensis. 
CACHINNA'TIO, from cachinno, 'I laugh 
aloud.' A tendency to immoderate laughter, as 
in some hysterical and maniacal affections. 
CACHIRI. A fermented liquor made, in Cay- 
enne, from a decoction of the rasped root of the 
manioc. It resembles perry. 
CACHLEX. A small stone or pebble, found CACHO0 
on the sea shore. One of these, when heated in 
the fire, and cooled in whey, communicates an 
astringency to the liquid, so that it was anciently 
esteemed to be useful in dysentery.-Galen. 
CACHOS. An oriental fruit, apparently of a 
Solanum, which is esteemed lithontriptic. 
CACHOU, Catechu. 
CACHRYS LIBANO'TIS. An umbelliferous 
plant which grows in Africa and the South of 
Europe. It is aromatic and astringent. Its seeds 
are extremely acrid. 
Cachrys Maritima, Crithmum maritimum. 
CACHUN'DE. An Indian troch or pastile 
composed of amber, mastic, musk, cinnamon, 
aloes, rhubarb, galanga, pearls, rubies, emeralds, 
garnets, Ac. It is regarded by the people of In- 
dia as an antidote, stomachic and antispasmodic. 
CACO, kuko, properly only an abbreviation of 
kokos. In composition it means something de- 
fective ; as in the following words. 
CACOJESTHESIS, Cacsesthesis. 
CACO-ALEXITERIA, Alexipharmic. 
CACOCIIO'LIA, from kokos, 'bad,' and 
' bile.' Diseases induced by a depraved condition 
of the bile. 
CAC'OCIIROI, Cac'ochri, from kokos, 'bad,' 
and %poa, ' colour.' Diseases in which the com- 
plexion is morbidly changed in colour. 
CACOCIIYL'IA, from kokos, 'bad,' and 
'chyle.' Depraved chylification. 
CACOCHYM'IA, Kakochym'ia, Oorrup'tio 
Humo'rum, from kokos, 'bad,' and 'juice,' 
' humour.' Gaxoch'ymy. Depravation of the 
humours. 
Cacochymia Plumbea, Lead poisoning-c. 
Scorbutica, see Purpura-c. Scrophulosa, Scro- 
fula- c. Venerea, Syphilis. 
CACOCH'YMUS, Cacochym'icus. One attacked 
with cacochymia. Belonging to cacochymia. 
CACOCNE'MUS, Gacocne'micus, Malin euris 
praedi tun ; from xa/coj, 'bad,' and 'the 
leg.' One who has bad legs. 
CACOCORE'MA, from kokos, 'bad,' and Kopao, 
' I purge, or cleanse.' A medicine which purges 
off the vitiated humours. 
CACODAJ'MON, from kokos, 'bad,' and Saipuiv, 
'a spirit.' An evil spirit, to which were ascribed 
many disorders. The nightmare. 
CACO'DES, from kokos, 'bad,' and ofav, 'to 
smell,'-mail! olens. Having a bad smell; Caco'- 
dia, Cacoa'mia. 
CACODIA, see Cacodes. 
CACOETIIES, Cacoeth'icua, from kokos, 'bad,' 
and t$os, 'disposition, habit,' Ac. Of a bad or 
vitiated character, as ulcua caooe'thes, an ulcer 
of a malignant character. 
CACOETHICUS, Cacoethes. 
CACOGALAC'TIA, Cacoga'lia, from kokos, 
'bad,' and yaXa, gen. yaXaKTos, 'milk.' A bad 
condition of the milk. 
CACOGALAC'TICA, same etymon as the last. 
One who suffers from a bad condition of the milk. 
CACOGALIA, Cacogalactia. 
CACOGEX'ESIS, from kokos, 'bad,' and ycvt- 
ais, 'generation.' A morbid formation. 
CACOMORPHIA, Deformation. 
CACOMORPIIOSIS, Deformation. 
CACOPATHI'A, Paa'sio Mala, from KOKOS, 
' bad,' and naSos, ' affection.* A distressed state 
of mind.-Hippocrates. 
CACOPHO'NIA, from kokos, 'bad,' and <j>o>vr), 
' voice,' vitla'ta vox. A dissonant condition of 
voice. 
CACOPLAS'TIC, Cacoplaa'ticus, Dysplasmat'- 
ic ; from kokos, 'bad,' and TrXaaoo), 'I form.' Sus- 
ceptible of only a low degree of organization, as 
the indurations resulting from low or chronic 
inflammation, fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, Ac. 
155 
CADAVEROUS 
CACOPRA'GIA, Cacoprax in, from kokos, 
'bad,' and rparrw, 'I perform.' Depraved con- 
dition of the organic functions. 
CACOPRAXIS, Cacopragia. 
CACORRIIACHI'TIS, from kukos, 'bad,' and 
pa%is, 'the spine.' Gacor'rhachis, Gacorhachis, 
Gacorhachi'tis, Spondylal'gia. Deformity of the 
spine. Disease of the spine. Spontaneous luxa- 
tion of the vertebras and ribs dependent upon 
internal causes. 
CACORRHYTII'MUS, Arrhyth'mun, from Ka- 
kos, ' bad,' and pvSpos, ' rhythm,' ' order.' Irre- 
gular. 
CACO'SIS. Mala disposit"io, (F.) Vice. A 
bad condition of body.-Hippocrates. A diseased 
condition in general. 
CACOSIT'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and umov, 
'aliment.' Disgust or aversion for food - Fas- 
tid'ium cibo'rum. 
CACOSMIA, see Cacodes. 
CACOSOMI'UM, from kukos, 'bad,' and aw/ia, 
' the body.' An hospital for leprosy, and incura- 
ble affections in general. 
CACOSPERMA'SIA, Cacosperma'tia, Gacos- 
per'mia, from kukos, ' bad,' and crrcppa, ' sperm.' 
A bad condition of the sperm. 
CACOSPHYX'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and 
<r0uf<s, 'pulse.' - Vitio'sus pul's us. Bad state of 
pulse.-Galen. 
CACOSPLANCH'NIA, from kukos, 'bad,' and 
' a viscus.' Indigestion. The ema- 
ciation dependent upon imperfect digestion.- 
Siebenhaar. 
CACOSTOM'ACHUS, from kukos, 'bad,' and 
crropaxos, ' the stomach.' What disagrees with 
the stomach. Indigestible.-Gorracus. 
CACOSTOMATOSPHRESIA, Breath, offen- 
sive. 
CACOS'TOMUS, from kukos, 'bad,' and aropa, 
'a mouth.' Having a bad mouth. 
CACOTHYM'IA, Vit'ium An'imi, from kukos, 
' bad,' and Svpos, ' mind,' ' disposition.' A vitious 
state of mind.-Linden. 
CACOTRIBULUS, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
CACOTRICH'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and 
rpi%os, ' hair.' Disease of the hair. 
CACOTROPH'IA, from kukos, 'bad,' and rpotfuj, 
'nutrition.'-Vitio'sa nutrit"io;-disordered nu- 
trition.-Galen. 
GAG OU, Gagot, Catechu. 
CACOU'CIA COCCIN'EA, Couctn'ea, Cbc- 
cin'ea, Schousbce'a coccin'ea, Tikimma. A peren- 
nial twining shrub of South America, the plant 
of which, as well as the fruit, is possessed of 
emeto-cathartic properties. 
CAGTIER, Cactus opuntia. 
CACTUS OPUN'TIA, Opun'tfa. The Znrffan 
Fig, (F.) Cactier, Raquette, Figuier d'Inde. This 
plant grows in South America, Spain, Italy, Ac. 
Its fruit, which has the shape of the fig, is of a 
sweetish taste, and colours the urine red when 
eaten. Its leaves are considered refrigerant. 
The fruits of different species of cactus are 
called Tunas. 
CADA'BA, Stroe'mia. A genus of the family 
Capparideoe, natives of India and Arabia. The 
young shoots of the Cada'ba farino'sa are consi- 
dered to be an antidote against venomous bites. 
CADA'VER, Ptoma, Necron. A dead body ,• 
a subject; a carcass, (F.) Gadavre. The word 
has been supposed to come from cado, ' I fall -j 
and by some to be a contraction from caro data 
vermibus, ' flesh given to the worms.' (?) 
CADAV'EROUS, Cadav'eric, Cadavero'sus, 
Necro'des, (F.) Cadavereux. Belonging to the 
dead body; as cadaverous smell. The Gadav'- 
erous or Hippocrat'ic face (see Face,) is an un- CADDY INSECT 
favourable sign in disease, and generally denotes 
a fatal termination. 
Cadav'erous or Cadav'eric Hyperemia. 
The hypostatic hyperaemia observed in depend- 
ing parts of the dead body. 
CADDY INSECT, see Ectozoa. 
CADE, Juniperus oxycedrtis. 
CADEJI-INDI, Malabathrum. 
CADEL-AVANACU, Croton tiglium. 
CADIA. An Egyptian, leguminous plant. 
The Arabs attribute to its fresh leaves the power 
of relieving colic. 
CADIVA INSANIA, Epilepsy. 
CADMIA, Calamina, Tutia. 
CADMI'I SULPHAS, Cadmi'um sulphu'ricum, 
Sulphas Cadmi'cus, Meli'ni Sulphas, Klapro'thii 
Sulphas, Klapro'thium Sulphu'ricum, Melinum 
Sulphu'ricum, Sulphate of Cadmium. Used in 
spots on the cornea, and in chronic torpid inflam- 
mation of the conjunctiva, in the quantity of half 
a grain to a grain to the ounce of water. 
CADMIUM SULPHURICUM, Cadmii Sul- 
phas. 
CADTCHU, Catechu. 
CADUCA HUNTERI, Decidua -c. Passio. 
Epilepsy. 
CADU'CITY, Imbecil'litas, Debil'itas, Cadu'- 
citas, from cadere, 'to fall.' The French use the 
word Caducite for the portion of human life which 
is comprised generally between 70 and 80 years. 
The age which precedes decrepitude. It is so 
termed in consequence of the limbs not usually 
possessing sufficient strength to support the body. 
The precise age must of course vary in indi- 
viduals. 
CADUQUE, Decidua membrana-c. Beflechie, 
see Decidua membrana-c. Vraie, Decidua mem- 
CADURCUS, Vulva. 
CADUS, Kaios. A Greek measure equal to ten 
gallons English.-Pliny. Amphora. 
C2ECA, FORAM'INA (ANTERIUS ET POS- 
TERIUS) are situate at the fore and back parts 
of the tuber annulare of the brain, and at the 
extremities of the depression made by the verte- 
bral artery. The former is placed between the 
nerves of the third; and the latter between those 
of the sixth pair. 
CAiCJE lEEMORRIIOI'DES, Blind Piles, 
(F.) Hemorrlio'ides aveugles, are those unaccom- 
panied by any discharge. 
C2ECAL, Caca'lis. Belonging to the caecum, 
from census, ' blind, hidden.' The Ccecal arteries 
and veins are the branches of the Arteries et vencs 
colices dextree inferiores, distributed to the caecum. 
CJECATRIX, Cicatrix. 
CJE'CITAS, Coe'citas, Cescitu'do, Ablep'sia, 
Obcesca'tio, Ocececa'tio, Anap'sia, Ty'phlotes, 
Typhlo'sis, Blindness, (F.) Aveuglement, Cecite, 
Perte de la vue. Caecitas may be dependent upon 
many different diseases, - as upon amaurosis, 
specks, hypopyon, cataract, glaucoma, ophthal- 
mia, atrophy of the eye, &c. 
C.ecitas Crepuscularis, Hemeralopia - c. 
Diurna, Nyctalopia - c. Nocturna, Hemeralopia. 
C7ECTTUDO, Caecitas. 
C2ECUM, Ceecum, Intesti'num ceBcum, Jfonom'- 
ae.hon, Monom'acum, Alonoco'lon, Monocu'lum, 
Typhlo'teron monoco'lon, Typhlot'erum, Typhlo- 
en'terum, Init"ium intesti'ni crassi, Saccus Intes- 
tini crassi seu Coli, CeBcum Caput coli, Caput coli, 
Prima cella coli, Init"ium extu'berans coli, from 
eaicus, 'blind.' The Blind Gut, so called from 
its being perforated at one end only. That por- 
tion of the intestinal canal which is seated be- 
tween the termination of the ileum and com- 
mencement of the colon; and which fills, almost 
wholly, the right iliac fossa; where the perito- 
156 
caf.1? 
neum retains it immovably. Its length is about 
three or four fingers' breadth. The Ileo-caecal 
valve or Valve of Bauhin shuts off all communi- 
cation between it and the ileum; and the Appen- 
dix vermiformis cocci is attached to it. 
Cjecum Fora'men of the frontal bone is a small 
cavity at the inferior extremity of the internal 
coronal crest or crista. - Fronto-ethmoidal fora- 
men, (F.) Trou aveugle ou borgne. Morgagni has 
given the same name to the small cavity in the 
middle of the upper surface of the tongue, near 
its base; the sides of which are furnished with 
mucous follicles-Lacune de la langue-(Ch.) 
C.ecum, Phlegmonous Tumour of the, Ty- 
phlo-enteritis. 
C JE C U S. ' Blind.' One deprived of sight, 
Typhlops, (F.) Aveugle, Borgne. In anatomy, it 
is used to designate certain holes or cavities, 
which end in a cul-de-sac; or have only one 
opening. 
Blind Ducts of the Ure'thra, (F.) Conduits 
aveugles de I'urethre, are the Mucous Lacu'ntB 
of the Ure'thra. 
CASLA-DOLO, Torenia Asiatica. 
CA1MENTUM, Lute. 
CASRULEUM BEROLINENSE, Prussian 
blue-c. Borussicum, Prussian blue. 
CASRULOSIS NEONATORUM, Cyanopathy. 
CASSALPI'NIA, Coesalpi'nia sappan, Sappan 
or Sampfen wood, (F.) Bresillet, Bois de Sappan. 
A small Siamese tree, the wood of which is used 
in decoction, in cases of contusion. 
Brazil wood, Pernambuco or Fernambuco wood, 
formerly used as an astringent, is the wood of 
Cjesalpin'ia Echina'ta. This is the proper 
Brazil wood; but another variety in commerce is 
the Brasiletto, from Ccesalpinia Brasiliensis, and 
C. crista, which grow in the West Indies. 
The Nicaragua or Peach-zcood is analogous to 
this, and is said to be derived from a species of 
Caesalpinia. 
The kernel of Cazsalpin'ia Bonducell'a, the 
seed of which is called in India Kutkuleja and. 
Kutoo Kurunja, is given as a febrifuge tonic. 
Dose, ten grains. 
CASSA'REAN SEC'TION, Ccesa'rean opera- 
tion, Tomotoc'ia, Oeesa'rea sectio, Partus ctEsa'- 
reus, Opera'tio ccesa'rea, Metrotom'ia, (F.) Ope- 
ration Cesarienne, from ccedere, 'to cut.' An 
incision made through the parietes of the abdo- 
men and uterus to extract the foetus. In this 
manner, Julius Caesar is said to have been ex- 
tracted.-Pliny. It is also called Hysterotom'ia, 
Hysterotomotoc'ia, Gastromctrotom'ia, Gasterhys- 
terot'omy, Gastrometrot'ome, Gastrohysterot'omy, 
(F.) Op/ration Cesarienne. An incision has been 
made into the uterus through the vagina, consti- 
tuting the Vaginal Caesarean Section, Gastrely- 
trotom'ia, Gastrocolpotom'ia, Laparacolpotom'ia, 
Laparoelytrotom'ia, (F.) Operation cesarienne 
vaginate. The Caesarean section may be re- 
quired when the mother dies before delivery;- 
when there is some invincible obstacle to delivery 
from the faulty conformation of the pelvis; or 
when the child has passed into the abdominal 
cavity in consequence of rupture of the uterus. 
CASS ARIES, Capillus. 
CASSIUS, Glaucoma. 
CAS'SONES, Cce'sares. Children brought into 
the world by the Caesarean operation. 
CASSU'LIAS. They who have gray eyes. 
CJESURA, Cut. 
CASTCHU, Catechu. 
CAF, Camphor. 
CAFAL, Agrimony. 
CAFAR, Camphor. 
CAFE, Coffea. CAFE 
CAFE A LA SULTANE. This name has 
been given co an infusion or decoction of the 
ground coques or pericarps which surround the 
coffee. x 
CAFE CITRIN. The aqueous infusion of 
unroasted coffee, so called on account of its yel- 
lowish tint. 
CAFE YER, Coffea Arabica. 
CAFF A, Camphor. 
OAF I ER, Coffea Arabica. 
CAFUR, Camphor. 
C AG A S'TR UM. The principal or germ of 
diseases which are communicable.-Paracelsus. 
CAGNEUX, Cagot. See Kyllosis. 
CAGOSANGA, Ipecacuanha. 
CAffOTS, (F.) A name given to deformed and 
miserable beings, met with in the Pyrenees, Bern, 
and Upper Gascony, in France, where they are 
also called Oapots. In other districts they are 
called Gezits, Gezitains, Oretins, Gahets, Capons, 
Coliberts, Cacous, Cagneux, <tc. See Cretin. The 
word Cagot is supposed to be an abbreviation of 
Cants Gothus, 'Dog of a Goth.' 
CAGUE-SANGUE, Caquesangue. 
CAIIINCAi RADIX, Caine® radix. 
CAI'EPUT OIL, Caj'eput oil, Kyaput'ty, Ca- 
jupu'ti O'leum. The volatile oil of the leaves of 
Melaleu'ca Cajapu'ti, a native of the Moluccas. 
The oil has a strong, fragrant smell, like cam- 
phor ; taste pungent and aromatic. It is stimu- 
lant, and useful where the essential oils in general 
are employed. It has also been called Oil of 
Witneben, from the person who first distilled it. 
CAILLE, Tetrao coturnix. 
CAILLE AU, Lantana. 
CAILLE, Curds. 
CAILLELAIT BLANC, Galium mollugo-c. 
Vraie, Galium verum. 
CAIL LOT, Coagulum. 
CAINAN2E RADIX, Caine® radix. 
CAIN'CAU RADIX, Radix Chioc.oc'cce, R. 
Caina'ntB seu Caninana seu Cahincce seu Ka- 
hincce seu Serpenta'rice Brazilien'sis, Cainca Root. 
The bark of the roots of Chiococc'a anguif'uga, 
Ch. densifo'lia, and, perhaps, Ch. racenio'sa, a 
plant of the Family Rubiace®. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Monogynia, of Linnaeus. It is bitter, 
tonic, and diuretic, but has not been long intro- 
duced. Dose of the powder, from 7)j to 
Dr. John H. Griscom, of New York, considers 
there is a remarkable analogy between the Cain- 
ca and the Apocynum cannabinum. 
CAINITO, Clirysophyllum Cainito. 
CAIPA SCHORA. A cucurbitaceous Malabar 
plant, the fruit of which has a pyriform shape. 
The juice is drunk in that country for the pur- 
pose of arresting hiccough. The fruit, when 
unripe, is emetic. • 
CAISSE, Case-c. du Tambour, Tympanum. 
CAITCHU, Catechu. 
CAJAN, Phaseolus creticus. 
CAJUPUTI, Cajeput. 
CAKES, WORM, STORY'S. These were 
composed of calomel and jatap, made into eakes, 
and coloured with cinnabar. 
CALABASH TREE, NARROW-LEAVED, 
Crescentia Cujete. 
CALADIUM ESCULENTUM, Arum escu- 
lentum. 
CALAF, Salix jEgyptiaca. A large-leaved 
Egyptian willow, called, also, Ban. The dis- 
tilled water of the flowers, called Nacahalef, 
passes, in that country, for an excellent ant- 
aphrodisiac. It is also used as an antiloimic, 
antiseptic, and cordial. 
CALAGUALA, see Calagual® radix. 
CALAGERI, Vernonia anthelmintica. 
CALAGIRAII, Vernonia anthelmintica. 
157 
CALAMUS 
CALAGUA'L,E RADIX, Calague'la Radix. 
The root of Polypo'dium Calagua'la seu adianti- 
for'me seu coria'ceum seu ammifo'lium seu ar- 
gen'teum seu pol'itum, Aspid'ium eoria'ceum seu 
ferrugin'eum seu dis'color, Tecta'ria calahuala 
seu ferrugin'ea, Calaguala, Calahuala. It has 
been exhibited in Italy in dropsy, pleurisy, con- 
tusions, abscesses, Ac. Its properties are not, 
however, clear. 
CALAHUALA, see Calagualae radix. 
CALAMANDRINA, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
CALAMBAC, Agallochum. 
CALAMBOUK, Agallochum 
CALAME'DON, from Kahapos, 'a reed.' This 
word has had various significations. Some have 
used it for an oblique fracture of a bone; the 
fractured portions having the shape of the nib 
of a pen. Others have used it for a longitudinal 
fracture; and others, again, for one that is com- 
minuted. 
CALAMI'NA, Cal'amine, from calamus, 'a 
reed,' so called from its reed-like appearance. 
Cadmi'a, Oathmir, Cadmi'a lapido'sa aero'sa, 
Cadmi'a Fos'sills, Lapis Aero'sus, Calim'ia, La- 
pis Calamina'ris, Calamina'ris, Car'bonas Zin ci 
impu'rus, (F.) Pierre calaminaire. Native im- 
pure carbonate of zinc. Calamine is chiefly used 
for pharmaceutical purposes in the form of the 
Calamina praipara'ta, Lapis Calamina'ris pra- 
para'tus, Car'bonas einci impu'rus prapara'tus, 
Zinci car'bonas prcepara'tus, Prepared Calamine ; 
-Calamine reduced to an impalpable powder by 
roasting and levigation. In this state it is 
sprinkled or dusted on excoriated parts, or to 
prevent excoriation, <fcc. 
CALAMINARIS, Calamina. 
CALAMINT, Melissa Calamintha - c. Field, 
Melissa nepeta-c. Mountain, Melissa grandiflora 
-c. Spotted, Melissa nepeta. 
CALAMINTA HUMILIOR, Glecoma hede- 
race a. 
CALAMINTHA, Melissa C.-e. Anglica, Me- 
lissa nepeta-c. Erecta Virginiana, Cunila Mari- 
ana - c. Hederacea, Glechoma hederacea - c. 
Magno flore, Melissa grandiflora - c. Montana, 
Melissa grandiflora-c. Nepeta, Melissa nepeta- 
c. Parviflora, Melissa nepeta - c. Pulegii odore, 
Melissa nepeta-c. Trichotoma, Melissa nepeta, 
CAL'AMUS, Kabapos, 'the reed.' In the Phar- 
macopoeia of the U. S. the rhizoma of acorus 
calamus. 
Calamus Alexandri'nus. Celsus has thus 
called a medicine, which was long confounded 
with Calamus Aromaticus. It is not a root, 
however, but the stalk of a plant of India and 
Egypt, probably the Andropo'gon Nardus. It 
entered into the theriaca, and has been regarded 
as antihysteric and emmenagogue; - Calamus 
aromaticus verus. 
Calamus Aromaticus, Acorus calamus - c. 
Aromaticus verus, Calamus Alexandrinus - c. 
Draco, C. rotang - c. Indicus, see Saccharum - 
c. Odoratus, Acorus calamus, Juncus odoratus. 
Calamus Rotang, C. Draco. The systematic 
name of a plant, whence Dragon's Flood, San- 
guis Draco'nis, Cinnab'aris Graco'rum, Dracon- 
thtE'ma, (F.) Sang-Dragon, is procured. It is 
the red, resinous juice, obtained, in India, from 
wounding the bark of the Cafamus Rotang. It 
has been used as an astringent in hemorrhages, 
&c.; but is now rarely employed. 
Calamus Scripto'rius, Anag'lyphe, 'a writing 
pen,' (F.) Fossette angulaire du quatrieme ven- 
tricule. A small, angular cavity, situate at the 
superior extremity of the medulla, in the fourth 
ventricle of the brain, which has been, by some 
supposed to resemble a pen. 
Calamus Vulgaris, Acorus calamus. CALAPPITE 
CALAPPITE. Rumphius has given this name 
to calculous concretions, found in the interior of 
certain cocoa nuts. The cocoa tree itself the Ma- 
lays call Calappa. These stones are, likewise, 
termed Vegetable Bezoards. The Malays attri- 
bute potent virtues to them, and wear them as 
amulets. 
CALASAYA, Cinchona) cordifoliae cortex. 
CALBALA, Cabal. 
CALBIA'NUM. The name of a plaster in 
Myrepsus, the composition of which we know 
not. 
CALCADINUM, Ferri sulphas. 
CALCAIBE, Calcareous. 
CALC A'NE AL, Calca' neus, from calx, ' the 
heel.' Having relation to the calcaneum, as 
' calcaneal arteries.' 
CALCANEO-PHALANGIEN DU PETIT 
OB TEIL, Abductor minimi digiti pedis-c. Pha- 
langinien commun, Extensor brevis digitorum 
pedis - c. Sous-phalangettien commun, Flexor 
brevis digitorum pedis - c. Sous-Phalanginien 
commun, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis-c. Sous- 
phalangien du petit orteil, see Abductor minimi 
digiti pedis - c. Sus-phalangettien commun, Ex- 
tensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
CALCA'NEUM, from calx, 'the heel.' Calca'- 
neus, Calcar, Cal'cia, Ichnus, Os Calcis, Pterna, 
Pter'nium. The largest of the tarsal bones : that 
which forms the heel. It is situate at the poste- 
rior and inferior part of the foot; is articulated 
above and a little anteriorly with the astragalus; 
anteriorly, also, with the os cuboides. Its poste- 
rior surface,-called Heel, Talus, Calx, (F.) Ta- 
lon,-gives attachment to the tendo-achillis : the 
lower has, posteriorly, two tuberosities, to which 
the superficial muscles of the sole of the foot are 
attached. The small Apoph'ysis or lateral Apoph- 
ysis of the Calca'neum, (F.) Petit Apophyse ou 
Apophyse laterale du Calcanlum, is a projection 
at the upper surface of this bone, on which is 
formed the posterior portion of the cavity that 
receives the astragalus. The great Apoph'ysis, 
anterior Apoph'ysis of the Calca'neum, is the 
projection which corresponds, on one side, with 
the cuboides; and on the other forms the ante- 
rior part of the facette which receives the astra- 
galus. 
CALCANTHON, Atramentum. 
CALCAR, Calcaneum, Ergot-c. Avis, Hippo- 
campus minor. 
CALCA'REOUS, Calca'reus, Calca'rius; from 
calx, 'lime.' (F.) Calcaire. Containing lime :- 
as calcareous concretions, C. depositions, &c. 
CALCAREUS CARBONAS, Creta. 
CALCARIA CHLORATA, Calcis chloridum 
-c. Chlorica, Calcis chloridum-c. Phosphorica, 
see Cornu cervi-c. Pura, Calx-c. Pura liquida, 
Liquor calcis. 
CALCARIJE CHLORUM, Calcis chloridum. 
CALCATOR, Ferri sulphas. 
CALCATREPPOLA, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
CALCE'NA, CALCE'NON, CALCENO'NIA, 
CALCINO'NIA. Words employed by Paracel- 
sus to designate the concretions of tartrate of 
lime which form in the human body. 
CALCENOS, Calcetus. 
.CALCEOLA'RIA, from calceolus, 'a small 
slipper;' Slipperwort. 
Calceola'ria Primata is used in Peru as a 
laxative. 
Calceola'ria Trif'ida is esteemed to be febri- 
fuge. 
CALCE'TUS, Calceno'nius, Calce'nos. That 
which abounds in tartrate of lime. An adjective 
used by Paracelsus in speaking of the blood; 
Sanguis calce'tus. Hence came the expression 
Calcined blood, Sang calcini. 
158 
CALCIS BICHLORURETUM 
CALCEUM EQUINUM, Tussilago. 
CALCHOIDEA, (OS.) Cuneiform bone. 
CALCIA, Calcaneum. 
CALCIGEROUS CELL, see Tooth. 
CALCIG'RADUS, Pternob'ates, from calx, 
irrepva, 'the heel,' and /3a<rw, 'I walk.' One who 
walks on his heels.-Hippocrates. 
CALCII CHLORURETUM, Calcis murias-c. 
Oxychloruretum, Calcis chloridum - c. Oxydum, 
Calx viva-c. Protochloruretum, Calcis chloridum. 
CALCINA'TION, Oalcina'tio, Calci'non, Con- 
crema'tio, from calx, ' lime.' The act of submit- 
ting to a strong heat any infusible mineral sub- 
stance, which we are desirous of depriving either 
of its water, or of any other volatilizable sub- 
stance, that enters into its composition ; or which 
we wish to combine with oxygen. Alum is cal- 
cined to get rid of its water of crystallization;- 
chalk, to reduce it to the state of pure lime, by 
driving off the carbonic acid; and certain metals 
are subjected to this operation to oxidize them. 
CALCINATUM MAJUS POTERII, Hydrar- 
gyrum praecipitatum. 
CALCINONIA, Calcena. 
CALCIS BICHLORURETUM, Calcis chlori- 
dum- c. Carbonas, Creta - c. Carbonas durus, 
Creta, Marmor-c. Carbonas friabilis, Creta. 
Calcis Car'bonas Prajcipita'tus, Precipi- 
tated, Car'bonate of Lime, Precipitated Chalk. 
This preparation, introduced into the last edition 
of the Pharmacopceia of the United States, is pre- 
pared as follows : Liq. Caleii Chlorid. Ovss; Soda 
Carbonat. Ibvj; Aqua destillat. q. s. Dissolve the 
carbonate of soda in six parts of distilled water; 
heat this and the solution of chloride of calcium, 
separately, to the boiling point, and mix. Wash 
the precipitate repeatedly with distilled water, 
and dry on bibulous paper. It has the same 
properties as ereta prajparata, and is preferred to 
it in certain cases,-for example, as an ingredient 
in tooth powders, owing to its freedom from 
gritty particles. 
Calcis Chlo'ridum ; Ohio'ride of Lime, Chlo'- 
ruret of Lime, Hypochlo'rite of Lime, Chlorite of 
Lime, Oxymu'riate of Lime, Calx chlorina' ta, (Ph. 
U. S.) Protoxichlor'uret of Calcium, Calca'ria ehlo- 
ra'ta, Ohlorum Calca'ria, Chloretum Calca'ria, 
Calcaria Chlo'rica, Oxy chlor ure' turn Caleii, Pro- 
tochlorure'turn Caleii, Chlorure'tum Oxidi Caleii, 
Bichlorure'turn Calcis, Oxymu'rias Calcis, Calcis 
Hypochlo'ris, Calx oxymuriat'ica, Bleaching Pow- 
der, Tennant's Powder, (F.) Protoxichlorure de 
Calcium, Ohlorure de Chaux, Oxichlorure de 
Chaux, Ohlorure d' Oxide de Calcium, Bichlorure 
de Chaux, Oximuriate de Chaux, Muriate surox- 
igeni ou Oxigeni de Chaux, Poudre de Blanche- 
ment, P. de Tennant. A compound resulting from 
the action of chlorine on hydrate of lime. 
Chloride of lime is a most valuable disinfecting 
agent, (see Disinfection,) when dissolved in the 
proportion of one pound to six gallons of water. 
It has likewise been employed both internally 
and externally in various diseases, as in scrofula, 
feetor oris, foul ulcers, Ac. Ac. 
Calcis Hepar, Calcis sulphuretum-c. Hy- 
dras, see Calx-c. Hypochloris, Calcis chloridum. 
Calcis Mu'rias; Jfuriute of Lime, Calxsali'ta, 
Caleii Chlorure'tum seu Chlo'ridum, Chloride of 
calcium, (F.) Ohlorure de calcium, Muriate ou 
Hydrochlorate de Chaux. This salt has been 
given, in solution, as a tonic, stimulant, Ac., in 
scrofulous tumours, glandular obstructions, gene- 
ral debility, Ac. A Solu'tio Murin'tis Calcis, 
Liquor Calcis Muria'tis, Solution of Muriate of 
Lime, Liquid Shell, may be formed of Muriate 
of Lime §j, dissolved in distilled water f5iij. 
The Liquor Calcii Chloridi or Neutron of Ohio- CALCITEA 
ride of Calcium, of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States, is prepared as follows : - Marble, 
in fragments, Muriatic acid, Oj ; Distilled 
water, a sufficient quantity. Mix the acid with 
a half pint of the water, and gradually add the 
marble. Towards the close of the effervescence 
apply a gentle heat, and, when the action has 
ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to 
dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and 
a half of distilled water, and filter. Dose, from 
gtt. xxx to fgj, in a cupful of water. 
Calcis Oxymurias, Calcis chloridum. 
Calcis Sulphure'tum ; Hepar Calcis, Sul'- 
phuret of Lime, (F.) Proto-hydrosulfate de Cal- 
cium, Hydrosulfate de chaux. Principally used 
in solution, as a bath, in itch and other cutaneous 
affections. 
CALCITEA, Ferri sulphas. 
CALCITEOSA, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
CALCITIIOS, Cupri subacetas. 
CALCITRAPA, Centaurea Calcitrapa, Del- 
phinium consolida-c. Hippophsestum, Centau- 
rea calcitrapa- c. Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
CALCIUM, CHLORIDE OF, Calcis murias- 
c. Chlorure de, Calcis murias-c. Chlorure d'oxide 
de, Calcis chloridum - c. Protohydrosulfate de, 
Calcis sulphuretum - c. Protoxichlorufe de, Cal- 
cis chloridum - c. Protoxichloruret of, Calcis 
chloridum-c. Protoxide of, Calx. 
CALCO-SUBPHALANGEUS MINIMI DI- 
GITI, Abductor minimi digiti pedis-c. Subpha- 
langeus pollicis, Abductor pollicis pedis. 
CALCOCOS, Bell-metal. 
CALCOIDEA, (ossicula,) Cuneiform bones. 
CALCOTAR, Ferri sulphas. 
CALCUL, Calculus. 
CALCULEUX, Calculous. 
CALCULI, see Calculus - c. Articular, see 
Calculi Arthritic ; and Concretions, articular. 
Calculi, Alternating, see Calculi, urinary. 
Calculi, Arthrit'ic, Tophi, Tuber'cula ar- 
thrit'ica, Chalk-stones, Nodes, (F.) Pierres cray- 
euses, Calculs arthritiques, Noeuds. Concretions, 
which form in the ligaments, and within the cap- 
sules of the joints, in persons affected with gout. 
They are composed of uric acid, soda, and a little 
animal matter; very rarely, urate of lime and chlo- 
ride of sodium are met with. Similar calculi are 
found in other parts besides the joints. 
Cal'culi, Bil'iary, Cal'culi bilio'si seu fell'ei 
seu bilia'rii, Bil'iary Concretions, Gall-stones, 
Cholol'ithus, Cholel'ithus, (F.) Calculs biliaires, 
Pierres au fiel. Some of these contain all the 
materials of the bile, and seem to be nothing 
more than that secretion thickened. Several 
contain Picromel; and the greater part are com- 
posed of from 88 to 94 parts of Cholesterin, and 
of from 6 to 12 of the yellow matter of the bile. 
Biliary calculi are most frequently found in the 
gall-bladder: at other times, in the substance of 
the liver, in the branches of the Ductus hepaticus, 
or in the Ductus Communis Oholedochus. The 
first are called Cystic ; the second Hepatic; and 
the last, sometimes, Hepatocystic. The causes 
which give rise to them are very obscure. Often 
they occasion no uneasiness, and at other times 
the symptoms may be confounded with those of 
hepatitis. At times, they are rejected by the 
mouth, or by the bowels, along with a considera- 
ble quantity of bile, which had accumulated be- 
hind them; at other times they occasion violent 
abdominal inflammation, abscesses, and biliary 
fistulas, rupture of the gall-bladder, and fatal 
effusion into the peritoneum. The passage of a 
gall-stone is extremely painful; yet the pulse is 
not at first affected. Antiphlogistics, when there 
is inflammatory action, and strong doses of opium, 
159 
CALCULI 
to allay tne pain and spasm, with the warm bath, 
are the chief remedies. Solvents are not to be 
depended upon. They cannot reach the calculi. 
Calcui i, Bone Earth, see Calculi, urinary-c. 
Compound, see Calculi, urinary - c. Cystic, see 
Calculi, urinary. 
Cal'culi, of the Ears, (F.) Calculs de I'Oreille. 
Hard, light, and inflammable concretions, which 
occur in the meatus auditorius externus, and are 
merely indurated cerumen. They are a frequent 
cause of deafness. They can be easily seen, and 
may be extracted by appropriate forceps, after 
having been detached by injections of soap and 
water. 
Calculi Fellei, Calculi, biliary - c. Fusible, 
see Calculi, urinary. 
Cal'culi, Lach'rymal, (F.) Calculs lacry- 
maux. Concretions sometimes, but rarely, form 
in the lachrymal passages, where they occasion 
abscesses and fistulas, which do not heal until 
they are extracted. No analysis has been made 
of them. 
Calculi, Lithic, see Calculi, urinary. 
Cal'culi of the Mammae, (F.) Calculs d<s 
Mamelles. Haller gives a case of a concretion, 
of a yellowish-white colour, which had the shape 
of one of the excretory ducts of the mammary 
gland, having been extracted from an abscess 
seated in that organ. 
Calculi, Mulberry, see Calculi, urinary. 
Cal'culi of the Pan'creas, (F. Calculs du 
Pancreas. These are but little known. Ana- 
logy has induced a belief that they resemble 
the salivary. Some have supposed that certain 
transparent calculi, rejected by vomiting, or 
passed in the evacuations, have proceeded from 
the pancreas, but there seems to be no reason for 
this belief. 
Cal'culi of the Pineal Gland, (F.) Calculs 
de la Glande Piniale. These have been fre- 
quently met with. No symptom announces theii 
presence during life. They are composed of phos- 
phate of lime. 
Cal'culi of the Prostate, Prostat'ic cal'culi. 
These are not very rare. They have generally 
the same composition as the preceding. They 
usually present the symptoms common to every 
tumefaction of the prostate, and sometimes those 
of calculi in the bladder. 
Cal'culi Pul'monary, (F.) Calculs pulmo- 
naires. These concretions are very frequently 
met with in the dead body, without seeming to 
have produced unpleasant symptoms during life. 
At other times, they are accompanied with all 
the symptoms of phthisis, Phthisie calculeuse, of 
Bayle. At times they are expectorated without 
the supervention of any unpleasant symptom. 
They are usually formed of carbonate of lime 
and animal matter. 
Cal'culi, Sal'ivary, Cal'culi saliva'les, Sia- 
lol'ithi, (F.) Calculs salivaires. Concretions, 
usually formed of phosphate of lime and animal 
matter, which are developed in the substance of 
the salivary glands or in their excretory ducts. 
In the first case, they may be mistaken for a 
simple swelling of the gland; in the second, they 
may generally be detected by the touch. They 
may be extracted by incision in the interior of 
the mouth. The calculus developed in the sub- 
lingual ducts has been called Cal'culus sublin- 
gua'lis and Ran'ula lapide'a. 
Cal'culi, Spermat'ic, (F.) Calculs sperma- 
tiques. These have been sometimes found in the 
vesicul® seminales after death. They cannot be 
detected during life. No analysis has been made 
of them. 
Cal'culi of the Stomach and Intes'tines, 
Enterol'ithus, E. Cal'culus, Coprol'ithus, Concre- CALCULI 
tio'nes alvi'naB, (F.) Calculs de I'estomac, C. in- 
testinaux, Pierres stercorales, Concretions intesti- 
nales. Calculi of the stomach are rare, and have 
almost always been carried thither by the anti- 
peristaltic action of the intestines. The symp- 
toms occasioned by them are those of chronic 
gastritis. It has been imagined that the conti- 
nued use of absorbent powders, as magnesia, will 
give occasion to them. 
Intestinal concretions, (F.) Calculs intestinaux, 
are not uncommon in animals (see Bezoard:) 
but they are rare in man. The causes which 
give rise to them are little known : sometimes a 
biliary calculus affords them a nucleus. Their 
composition varies. They are light, hard, very 
fetid, and not inflammable. They are formed, 
ordinarily, between the valvulas of the small in- 
testines, or in the cells of the large, and some- 
times in old herniae. Whilst they do not ob- 
struct the passage of the alimentary mass, they 
produce no unpleasant symptoms. At times, the 
movable tumour which they form may be felt 
through the parietes of the abdomen. They are 
generally evacuated per anum. 
Cal'culi of the Tonsils. Calculous concre- 
tions, which sometimes form in the tonsils. (F.) 
Calculs des Amygdales. They are easily recog- 
nised by the sight and touch: sometimes they 
160 
CALCULI 
are discharged by spitting, either alone or with 
the pus of an abscess occasioned by their pre- 
sence. They have not been analyzed. 
Calculi, Triple, see Calculi, urinary - c. 
Uric, see Calculi, urinary. 
Cal'culi, U'rinary, CTroFitAf, (F.) Calculi 
urinaires, Pierres urinaires. Concretions which 
form from the crystallizable substances in the 
urine, and which are met with not only in the 
whole course of the urinary passages, but in fis- 
tulous openings wherever the urine stagnates 
naturally or accidentally. Their causes are but 
little known. They are more common at the two 
extremities of life than at the middle, and more 
so in some countries and districts than in others. 
At times, a clot of blood, a portion of mucus, &c.j 
form the nucleus. The symptoms and treat- 
ment vary according to the seat of the calculus. 
There is no such thing probably as a medical 
solvent, See Urinary Calculi. 
Modern chymists have demonstrated the exist- 
ence of several components of urinary calculi, 
viz., Lithic Acid, Phosphate of Lime, Ammoniaco- 
Magnesian Phosphate, Oxalate of Lime, Cystic 
Oxide, and Xanthic Oxide, with an animal ce- 
menting ingredient. The varieties of calculi, pro- 
duced by the combination or intermixture of these 
ingredients, are thus represented by Dr. Paris. 
A TABULAR VIEW OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF URINARY CALCULI. 
SPECIES OF CAL- 
CULI. 
EXTERNAL CHARACTERS. 
CHYMICAL COMPOSITION. 
REMARKS. 
1. lithic or 
URIC. 
Form, a flattened oval. S. G. 
generally exceeds 1,500. Colour,' 
brownish or fawn-like. Surface, 
smooth. Texture, laminated. 
It consists principally of Lithic 
Skid. When treated with nitric 
acid, a beautiful pink substance 
results. This calculus is slightly 
soluble in water, abundantly so 
in the pure alkalies. 
It is the prevailing 
species; but the surface 
sometimes occurs fine 
ly tuberculated. It fre- 
quently constitutes the 
nuclei of the other spe- 
cies. 
2. MULBERRY. 
Colour, dark brown. Texture, 
harder than that of the other 
species. 8. G. from 1.428 to 1.976. 
Surface, studded with tubercles. 
It is oxalate of lime, and is de- 
composed in the flame of a spirit 
lamp swelling out into a white 
efflorescence, which is quick- 
lime. 
This species includes 
some varieties, which 
are remarkably smooth 
and pale-coloured, re- 
sembling hempseed. 
3. BONE EARTH 
Colour, pale brown or gray; 
surface, smooth and polished ; 
structure, regularly laminated ; 
the laininte easily separating 
into concrete crusts. 
Principally phosphate of lime. 
It is soluble in muriatic acid. 
4. TRIPLE. 
Colour, generally brilliant 
white. Surface, uneven, studded 
with shining crystals, less com- 
pact than the preceding species. 
Between its lamina; small cells 
occur, filled with sparkling par 
tides. 
It is an ammoniaco-magnesian 
phosphate, generally mixed with 
phosphate of lime. Pure alka- 
lies decompose it, extracting its 
ammonia. 
This species attains a 
larger size than any of 
the others. 
5. FUSIBLE. 
Colour, grayish white. 
A compound of the two fore- 
going species. 
It is very fusible, 
melting into a vitreous 
globule 
6. CYSTIC. 
Very like the triple calculus, 
but it is unstratified and more 
compact and homogenous. 
It consists of cystic oxide. Un- 
der the blowpipe it yields a pe- 
culiarly fetid odour. It is solu- 
ble in acids, and in alkalies. 
even if they are fully saturated 
with carbonic acid. 
It is a rare species. 
7. ALTERNA- 
TING. 
Its section exhibits different 
concentric lamin®. 
Compounded of several spe- 
cies. alternating with each other. 
8. COMPOUND. 
No characteristic form. 
The ingredients are separable 
only by chymical analysis. 
1. Renal Calculi, (F.) Calculs rtnaux. These 
have almost always a very irregular shape: 
at times, there is no indication of their pre- 
sence : at others, they occasion attacks of pain 
in the kidneys, sometimes accompanied with 
bloody or turbid urine. Often, they cause in- 
flammation of the kidneys, with all its unplea- 
sant results. They are generally formed of uric 
acid, animal matter, and oxalate of lime, with, 
sometimes, phosphates. The treatment will have 
to vary, according to the absence or presence of 
inflammatory signs,-relieving the irritation by 
opiates. A surgical operation can rarely be ap- 
plicable. 
2. Calculi of the Ureters, (F.) Calculs des 
Ureteres. These come from the kidneys, and do 
not produce unpleasant effects, unless they are 
so large as to obstruct the course of the urine, 
and to occasion distention of the whole of the 
ureters above them; or unless their surface is so 
rough as to irritate the mucous membrane, and 
occasion pain, hemorrhage, abscesses, Ac. The CALCULIFRAGUS 
pain, during the passage, is sometimes very vio- 
lent. extending to the testicle of the same side 
in the male; and occasioning a numbness of the 
thigh in both sexes. The treatment consists in 
general or local blood-letting, warm bath, and 
opiates. 
3. Calculi, Vesical; Stone in the Bladder, 
Lith'ia Vesica'lis, Lithi'asis cys'tica, Lithi'asis 
vesica'lis, Cysto-lithi'asis, Dysu'ria calculo'sa, D. 
irritq'ta, Cal'culus vesi'ca, (F.) Calculs vesicaux. 
These are the most common. Sometimes, they 
proceed from the kidneys: most commonly, they 
are formed in the bladder itself. Sense of weight 
in the perinaaum, and sometimes of a body roll- 
ing when the patient changes his position; pain 
or itching at the extremity of the glans in men ; 
frequent desire to pass the urine; sudden stop- 
page to its flow; and bloody urine-are the chief 
signs which induce a suspicion of their existence. 
We cannot, however, be certain of this without 
sounding the patient. Sometimes, when of a 
small size, they are expelled: most commonly, 
they remain in the bladder, the disorganization 
of which they occasion, unless removed by a sur- 
gical operation. 
4. Calculi Ure'thral. They almost always pro- 
ceed from the bladder. The obstruction, which 
they cause to the passage of the urine, the hard 
tumour, and the noise occasioned when struck 
by a sound, indicate their presence. They are 
removed by incision. 
5. Calculi of Fis'tulous passages. These arise 
when there is some fistulous opening into the 
urethra. They can be readily recognised, and 
may generally be extracted with facility. (F.) 
Calculs places hors des voies urinaires. See Uri- 
nary Calculi. 
Cal'culi of the U'tehus, (F.) Calculs de 
V Utirus. These are very rare. The signs, which 
indicate them during life, are those of chronic 
engorgement of the uterus. Their existence, con- 
sequently, cannot be proved till after death. 
CALCULIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic. 
CAL'CULOUS, (F.) Calculeux, Graveleux. 
That which relates to calculi, especially to those 
of the bladder. 
CALCULS BTLIA1RES, Calculi, biliary - 
c. de I'Estomac, Calculi of the stomach - c. de la 
Glande Pineale, Calculi of the pineal gland - c. 
Intestinaux, Calculi of the stomach and intestines 
- c. Lacrymaux, Calculi, lachrymal - c. des Afa- 
nielles, Calculi of the mammae-c. de V Oreille, 
Calculi in the ears - c. du Pancreas, Calculi of 
the Pancreas - c. Places hors des voies urinaires, 
Calculi of fistulous passages - c. Pulmonaires, 
Calculi, pulmonary-c. Renaux, Calculi, renal- 
c. Salivaires, Calculi, salivary - c. Spermatiques, 
Calculi, spermatic-c. Urinaires, Calculi, urinary 
- c. des Ur stores, Calculi of the ureters - c. de 
V Uterus. Calculi of the uterus-c. Vesicaux, Cal- 
culi, vesical. 
CAL'CULUS, Lapis, Lithos, A dimi- 
nutive of calx, a lime-stone. (F.) Calcul, Pierre. 
Calculi are concretions, which may form in every 
part of the animal body, but are most fre- 
quently found in the organs that act as reservoirs, 
and in the excretory canals. They are met with 
in the tonsils, joints, biliary ducts, digestive pas- 
sages, lachrymal ducts, mammae, pancreas, pineal 
gland, prostate, lungs, salivary, spermatic and 
urinary passages, aud in the uterus. The causes 
which give rise to them are obscure. 
Those that occur in reservoirs or ducts are 
supposed to be owing to the deposition of the 
substances, which compose them, from the fluid 
as it passes along the duct; and those which 
occur in the substance of an organ are regarded 
161 
CALIGO 
as the product of some chronic irritation. Their 
general effect is to irritate, as extraneous bodies, 
the parts with which they are in contact; and to 
produce retention of the fluid, whence they have 
been formed. The symptoms differ, according to 
the sensibility of the organ and the importance 
of the particular secretion whose discharge they 
impede. Their solution is generally impracti- 
cable : spontaneous expulsion or extraction is 
the only way of getting rid of them. 
Calculus Bezoar, Bezoard - c. Dcntalis, 
Odontolithus - c. Encysted, Calcul chatonni-c. 
Sublingualis, see Calculi, salivary - c. Vesicse, 
Calculus, vesical. 
CALDAS, WATERS OF. Caldas is a small 
town, ten leagues from Lisbon, where are mineral 
springs, containing carbonic and hydrosulphuric 
acid gases, carbonates and muriates of lime and 
magnesia, sulphates of soda and lime, sulphuret 
of iron, silica, and alumina. They are much 
used in atonic gout. They are thermal. Tem- 
perature 93° Fahrenheit. 
CALDE'RIJE ITAL'IC2E. Warm baths in 
the neighbourhood of Ferrara, in Italy, much 
employed in dysuria. 
CALEB ASSES, Cucurbita lagenaria. 
CALEFA'CIENTS, Calefacien'tia, Therman9- 
tica, from ealidus, 'warm,' and facio, 'I make.' 
(F.) Echauffants. Substances which excite a de- 
gree of warmth in the part to which they are 
applied, as mustard, pepper, Ac. They belong 
to the class of stimulants. 
CALEFACTIO, Echanffement. 
CALENDULA ALPINA, Arnica montana. 
Calen'dula Arven'sis, Caltha Arven'sis sen 
offlcina'lis, Wild Mar'igold, (F.) Souci des 
Champs. This is, sometimes, preferred to the 
last. Its juice has been given, in the dose of 
from ft5 j to in jaundice and cachexia. 
Calen'dula Officina'lis, C. Sati'va, Chry- 
santhemum, Sponsa soils, Caltha vulya'ris; Ver- 
ruca'ria, Single Mar'igold, Garden Mar'igold, 
(F.) Souci, S. ordinaire. Family, Synanthereae, 
Syngenesia necessaria, Linn. So called from 
flowering every calend. The flowers and leaves 
have been exhibited as aperients, diaphoretics, 
Ac., and have been highly extolled in cancer. 
CALENDULAS MARTIALES, Ferrum am- 
moniatum. 
CALENTU'RA, from calere, ' to be warm.' 
The word, in Spanish, signifies fever. A species 
of furious delirium to which sailors are subject 
in the torrid zone: - a kind of phrenitis, the 
attack of which comes on suddenly after a broil- 
ing day, and seems to be characterized by a de- 
sire in the patient to throw himself into the sea. 
It is only a variety of phrenitis. 
Calentura Continua, Synocha. 
CALENTU'RAS; Palo de Calentu'ras. Pomet 
and Lemery say, that these words are sometimes 
applied to cinchona. Camelli says, they mean, 
also, a tree of the Philippine Isles, the wood of 
which is bitter and febrifuge. 
CALF OF TIIE LEG, Sura. 
CALICE, Calix. 
CALICES RENALES, see Calix. 
CALICO BUSH, Kalmia latifolia. 
CALIDARIUM, see Stove. 
CALIDUM ANIMALE, Animal heat-c. Tn- 
natum. Animal heat. 
CALIGATIO, Dazzling. 
CALI'GO. 'A mist.' Achlys, (F.) Rrovillard. 
An obscurity of vision, dependent upon a speck 
on the cornea: also, the speck itself; Caligo cor'- 
nea, Mac.'ula cornea, JI. semi pel hi'ci da, Phthar- 
ma caligo, C. u nephel'io, Hebetu'do visits, C. d 
Levee'mate, Nel'ula, Opake cornea, Web-eyt, (F.) CALIHACHA 
Nonage de la Cornee, Taye, Obscurcissement de 
la rue. 
Caligo Lentis, Cataract - c. Pupillae, Syne- 
lisis- c. Syuizesis, Synezisis- c. Tenebraruin, 
Hemeralopia. 
CALIHACHA CANELLA, Laurus cassia. 
CALIX, Calyx, Infundib'ulum, from 'a 
cup.' (F.) Callee, Entonnoir. Anatomists have 
given this name to small membranous canals, 
which surround the papilla? of the kidney, and 
open into its pelvis, whither they convey the 
urine:-Cal'ices rena'les, Cylind'ri membrana'cei 
Renum, Fis'tulae wre'terum renum, Canales mem- 
bra'nei Renum, Tu'buli pelvis renum. Their 
number varies from 6 to 12 in each kidney. 
Calix Vomitoria, Goblet, emetic. 
CALLEUX, Callous. 
CALLIBLEPH'ARUM, from saXXot, 'beauty,' 
and ' eyelid.' A remedy for beautify- 
ing the eyelids. 
CALLICANTIIUS, Calycanthus. 
CALLICOCCA IPECACUANHA, Ipecacu- 
anha. 
CALLICREAS, Pancreas. 
CALLIOMARCHUS, Tussilago. 
CALLIPjE'DIA, from KaXXos, 'beauty,' and 
jrais, rraiios, 'a child.' The art of begetting beau- 
tiful children. This was the title of a poem by 
Claude Quillet, in 1655; "Callipcedia sive de pul- 
chrce prolis liabenda ratione." The author ab- 
surdly supposes, that the beauty of children is 
affected by the sensations which the mother ex- 
periences during her pregnancy. 
CALLIPERS OF BAUDELOCQUE, see Pel- 
vimeter. 
CALLIPESTRIA, Cosmetics. 
C A L LIP H Y L L U M, Asplenium trichoma- 
noides. 
CALLIP'YGOS, from KaXXo;, 'beauty,' and 
iruyj?, 'buttocks.' A cognomen of Venus, owing 
to her beautiful nates. 
CAL'LITRIS ECKLO'NI. A South African 
tree, Nat. Ord. Coniferae, from the branches 
and cones of which a gum exudes, that resem- 
bles Gum Sandarac. This is successfully used 
in the form of fumigations in gout, rheumatism, 
oedematous swellings, &c. 
Callitris Cupressoides, a common shrub in 
the neighbourhood of Cape Town, exudes a simi- 
lar substance. 
C ALLOSIT AS, Induration -c. Palpebrarum, 
Scleriasis-c. Vesicas, Cystauxe. 
CALLOS'ITY, CaWos'ttas, Scyros, Tyle, Tylus, 
Tylo'ma, Tylo'sis, Dermatosclero' sis, Dermatoty- 
lo'ma, Dermatotylo'sis, Dermatot'ylus, Porus, Ec- 
phy'ma Callus. Hardness, induration, and thick- 
ness of the skin, which assumes a horny consist- 
ence, in places where it is exposed to constant 
pressure. (F.) Durillon. Also the induration, 
which is observed in old wounds, old ulcers, fis- 
tulous passages, Ac. 
CALLOUS, Callo'sus, Ochtho'des, from callus, 
'hardness.' (F.) Calleux. That which is hard 
or indurated. A Callous Ulcer is one whose edges 
are thick and indurated. 
CALLUM PEDIS, Instep. 
CALLUNA ERICA, Erica vulgaris - c. Vul- 
garis, Erica vulgaris. 
CALLLTS, Calus, Callum, Osteot'ylus, (F.) Cal. 
The bony matter, thrown out between the frac- 
tured extremities of a bone, which acts as a ce- 
ment, and as a new bony formation. The words 
are, likewise, used occasionally in the same sense 
as Callosity. 
Callus, Provisional. When the shaft of a 
long bone has been broken through, and the ex- 
tremities have been brought in exact juxtaposi- 
tion, the new matter, first ossified, is that which 
162 
CALUMBA 
occupies the central portion of the deposit, and 
thus connects the medullary cavities of the broken 
ends, forming a kind of plug, which enters each. 
This was termed by M. Dupuytren the provi- 
sional Callus. 
CALMANTS, Sedatives. 
CALME, (F.) The interval that separates the 
paroxysms of an acute or chronic disease. When 
the type is intermittent, the word interint»aio» is 
used. 
CALOMBA, Calumba. 
CALOMEL, Ilydrargyri submurias. 
CALOMEL STOOLS. A term applied to the 
green, spinach-like, evacuations occasioned by 
the internal use of the mild chloride of mercury. 
CALOMELANOS TORQUETI, Hydrargyri 
submurias. 
Calomelanos Turqueti. A name given by 
Riverius to purgative pills, prepared with calo- 
mel, sulphur, and resin of jalap.-Dictionaries. 
CALOMELAS, Ilydrargyri submurias. 
CALO'NIA, KaXwvia. An epithet formerly 
given to myrrh.-Hippocrates. See Myrrha. 
CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM, see Fa- 
gara octandra. 
CALOR, Heat - c. Animalis, Animal heat - 
C. Nativus, Animal heat. 
CAL0RIC1TE, (F.) Caloric" itas. The faculty 
possessed by living bodies of generating a suffi- 
cient quantity of caloric to enable them to resist 
atmospheric cold, and to preserve, at all times 
and in every part, a temperature nearly equal. 
See Animal Heat. 
CALORIFA'CIENT, Calorif'iant, Calorifa'- 
ciens, Calorifi' ans: from calor, 'heat,' and facere, 
' to make.' Having the power of producing 
heat. Relating to the power of producing beat. 
CALORIFICA'TION, Culorifica'tio, from ca- 
lor, 'heat,' and./ien, 'to be made.' The function 
of producing animal heat. 
CALORINESES, from calor, 'heat.' The 
name under which M. Baumes proposes to ar- 
range all diseases, characterized by a sensible 
change in the quantity of animal heat. The Ca- 
lorinZses form the first class of his Nosology. 
CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA, Mudar- c. Mu- 
darii, Mudar. 
CALOTTE, (F.) Pile'olum. Anatomists some- 
times give the name, Calotte aponevrotique, to 
the aponeurosis of the occipito-frontalis muscle, 
which covers it externally; and that of Calotte 
du crane to the scull-cap. 
Calotte is also applied to an adhesive plaster, 
with which the head of a person labouring under 
tinea capitis is sometimes covered, after the hair 
has been shaved off. This plaster is pulled sud- 
denly and violently off, in order to remove the 
bulbs of the hair. It means, also, a sort of coif 
made of boiled leather, worn by those who have 
undergone the operation of trepanning, <tc. 
CALOTTE D'ASSURANCE, Condom. 
CALTHA ALPINA, Arnica montana-c. Ar- 
vensis, Calendula arvensis-c. Officinalis, Calen- 
dula arvensis-c. Vulgaris, Calendula officinalis. 
CALTROPS, see Trapa natans. 
CALUM'BA, Colom'bo, Calom'ba, Colom'ba, 
(Ph. U. S.;) Columbo, Radix Columba, (F.) Ca- 
lumbe ou Columbe. The root of Menisper'mum 
palma'tum, Coc'culns palma'tus, indigenous in 
India and Africa. Its odour is slightly aromatic; 
taste unpleasantly bitter. It is tonic and anti- 
septic. Dose, gr. 10 to gj in powder. 
Calcmba, American, Frase'ra Walteri, F. 
Carolinien'sis, F. Officina'lis, Sicer'tia difform'is, 
Sic. Frase'ra, American or Marietta Columbo, 
Indian Lettuce, Yellow Gentian, Golden Seal, 
Meadow pride, Pi/r'amid, is used in the same 
cases as the true Calumba. CALUS 
CALUS, Callus. 
CALVA, Cranium. 
Calva, C'airu'ria. The cranium; the upper 
part especially ; the skull-cap ;-the FauZt of the 
Cranium, Cam'era. 
CALVARIA, Cranium. 
CALVA'TA FERRAMEN'TA. Surgical in- 
struments, which have a head or button. 
CALVER'S PHYSIC, Leptandra Virginica. 
CALVIT"IES, Calvit"ium, Phal'acra, Phala- 
cro'sis, Glabrit"ies, Ophi'asis, Depila'tio Oap'- 
itis,Phalacro'ma, Madaro' sis, Lipsotrich'ia, Bald- 
ness, Ac., from calvus, 'bald,' (F.) Chauvete. 
Absence of hair, particularly at the top of, and 
behind, the head. Calvit"ies palpebra'rum,- 
loss of the eye-lashes. 
CALX, Lime, Ca'rium Terra, Protox'ide of 
Cal'cium, Calca'ria pura, (F.) Chaux. The lime, 
employed in pharmacy, should be recently pre- 
pared by calcination. When water is sprinkled 
over caustic lime, we have slaked lime, hydrate 
of lime,-the Calcis Hydras of the London phar- 
macopoeia. 
Calx, see Calcaneum - c. Chlorinata, Calcis 
chloridum-c. Cum kali puro, Potassa cum calce 
-c. Salita, Calcis murias-c. Bismuthi, Bismuth, 
subnitrate of. 
Calx e Testis ; lime prepared from shells. 
It has probably no medicinal advantages over 
that prepared from marble. 
Calx OxymuriAtica, Calcis chloridum. 
Calx Viva, Ox'idum Cal'cii, Calx recens, Hu- 
mans nix, Calx usta, Calx et Calx viva, Lime or 
Quicklime, (F.) Chaux vice. The external ope- 
ration of calx viva is escharotic, but it is rarely 
used. Lime is a good disinfecting agent. It is 
employed internally in the form of Liquor Calcis. 
C A.HY C ASTlII'U 8,C. Flor'idus,Call ican'thus,(?) 
Caroli'na Allspice, Sweet-scented shrub, Sweet 
shrub. An indigenous plant; Order, Calycan- 
thaceae ; with purplish flowers, of strong, agree- 
able odour, which appear from March to June. 
The root is possessed of emetic properties. 
CALYPTRANTIIES CORYOPIIYLLATA, 
Myrtus carvophyllata. 
CALYSTEGIA SEPIUM, Convolvulus sepium 
-c. Soldanella, Convulvulus soldanella. 
CALYX, Calix. 
CAMARA, Calva. 
CAMAREZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ca- 
marez is a small canton near Sylvanes, in the 
department of Aveyron, France, where there are 
acidulous chalybeates. 
CAMARO'SIS, Camaro'ma, from Kapapa, 'a 
vault;' Camera'tio, Tcstudina'tio Cra'nii. A 
species of fracture of the skull, in which the frag- 
ments are placed so as to form a vault, with its 
base resting on the dura mater. - Galen, Paulus 
of jEgina. 
CAMBING. A tree of the Molucca Islands, 
from the bark of which a kind of gum-resin ex- 
udes, which has been highly extolled in dysen- 
tery. It appears to have some resemblance to 
the simarouba.-Rumphius. 
CAMBIUM, ' Exchange.' A name formerly 
given to a fancied nutritive juice, which was 
.supposed to originate in the blood, to repair the 
losses of every organ, and produce their increase. 
-Sennertus. 
CAMBO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A vil- 
lage in the department of Basses PyrSnfies, 
France, where there are two mineral springs; 
the one an acidulous chalybeate, the other sul- 
phureous. Temperature, 62° to 69° Fahrenheit. 
CAMBODIA, Cambogia. 
CAMBO'GIA, from Cambodia, in the East In- 
dies, where it is obtained. Hence, likewise, its 
names Cambo'dia, Cambo'gium, Gambo'gia, Gam- 
163 
CAMPHOROSMA MONSPELIACA 
bo'gium, Gambu'gium. It is called, also, Gutta, 
Gutta gamba, Gummi Gutta. Catagau'na, Catta- 
gau'ma, Chryeopue, Laxati'vus Ind'icus, Gummi 
Bo'gia. G. gaman'dra, G. de Goa, G. de Jemu, 
Chitta jemoco, Gutta Gaman'dra, Gummi ad Pod'- 
agram, Gamboge or Gamboge, Ac., (F.) Gomme 
Gutte. Ord. Guttiferae. A yellow juice obtained 
from Hebradeudron Cambogioi'dee, and other 
plants of the natural family Guttiferae, but it is 
not known from which of them the officinal cam- 
boge is obtained. It is inodorous, of an orange 
yellow colour; opake and brittle; fracture, 
glassy; is a drastic cathartic, emetic and anthel- 
mintic ; and is used in visceral obstructions and 
dropsy, and wherever powerful hydragogue ca- 
thartics are required. Dose from gr. ij to vi, in 
powder, united with calomel, squill, Ac. 
Cambocia Gutta, Garcinia cambogia. 
CAMBU'CA, Cambuc'ca membra'ta. Buboes 
and venereal ulcers, seated in the groin or near 
the genital organs.-Paracelsus. See Bubo. 
OAMELEE, Cneorum tricoccum. 
CAMERA, Chamber, Fornix, Vault-c. Cordis, 
Pericardium - c. Oculi, Chamber of the eye. 
CAMERATIO, Camarosis. 
CAMFOROSMxl, Camphorosma. 
CAMINGA, Canella alba. 
CAMISIA FCETUS, Chorion. 
CAMISOLE, Waistcoat, strait. 
CAMMARUS, Crab. 
CAMOMILLE EE TIDE, Anthemis cotnla - 
c. Puante, Anthemis cotula-c. Romaine, Anthe- 
mis nobilis-c. des Teinturiers, Anthemis tincto- 
ria - c. FvZpafre, Matricaria chamomilla. 
CAMOSIERS, WATERS OF. Camosiers is 
a canton, two leagues from Marseilles, where are 
two springs containing carbonate of lime, sul- 
phur, chloride of sodium, Ac. They are purga- 
tive, and used in skin complaints. 
CAMOTES', Convolvulus batatas. 
CAMPAGNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Campagne is in the department of Aude, France. 
The waters contain sulphate and chlorohydrate 
of magnesia. Temperature, 80° Fahrenheit. 
CAMPAN'ULA. Diminutive of Campana, A 
bell. 
Campanula Trache'lium, Canterbury Bell or 
Throatwort, was formerly used, in decoction, in 
relaxation of the fauces. It is, also, called Cer- 
vica'ria. 
CAMPE, Flexion. 
CAMPHIRE, Camphor. 
CAMPHOR, from Arab. Ca'phur or Kam'phur, 
Cam'phora, Caphura, Caffa, Caf, Cafur, Capho- 
ra, Altafor, Camphire, Camphor, (F.) Camphre. 
A concrete substance, prepared, by distillation, 
from Laurue Camphora, Per'sea Camfora, an 
indigenous tree of the East Indies. Order, 
Laurineae. Its odour is strong and fragrant: it 
is volatile, not easily pulverizable; texture crys- 
talline. Soluble in alcohol, ether, oils, vinegar, 
and slightly so in water. Its propeYties are nar- 
cotic, diaphoretic, and sedative. Dose, gr. v. to 
3,1- Dissolved in oil or alcohol, it is applied 
externally in rheumatic pains, bruises, sprains, Ac. 
Camphor Water, Mistura Camphoric. 
CAMPHORA'CEOUS, Camphora'ceus. Rela- 
ting to or containing camphor;-as a ' catnphor- 
aceous smell or remedy.' 
CAMPHORATA HIRSUTA et C. MONSPE- 
LIENSIUM, Camphorosma Monspeliaea. 
CAMPH'ORATED, Camphora'tue, (F.) Cam- 
phre. Relating to camphor; containing cam- 
phor; as a camphorated smell, a camphorated 
draught. 
CAMPHOROS'MA MONSPELIACA, C. Pe- 
ren'nis,from Camphor, and oayn, 'odour.' Sela'go, 
Camphora'ta hirsu'ta seu Monspel>en'sium, Hairy CAMPHBE 
Camphoros'ma, (F.) Camphrie de Montpellier. 
Family, Atriplicese. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
nogynia. Thia plant, as its name imports, has 
an odour of camphor. It is regarded as diuretic, 
diaphoretic, cephalic, antispasmodic, Ac. It is 
also called Chamcepeu'ce and Stinking Ground 
Pine. 
Camphorosma Perennis, C. Monspeliaca. 
CAMPHRE, Camphor. 
CAMPHRE, Camphorated. 
CAMPHRE DE MONTPELLIER, Cam- 
phorosma Monspeliaca. 
CAMPOMANE'SIA LINEATIFO'LIA. A 
tree, twenty to thirty feet high, which grows in 
Peru, and whose fruit-palillo, of a bright yellow 
colour, and as large as a moderate-sized apple- 
has an exceedingly agreeable scent, and is one 
of the ingredients in making the perfumed water 
called mistura.-Tschudi. 
CAMPSIS, Flex'io, Curva'tio, In JI ex'io. Bone 
or cartilage, forcibly bent from its proper shape, 
without breaking.-Good. 
Campsis Depressio, Depression. 
CAMPYLOR'RHACHIS; from KapirvXos, 
' crooked,' and pa%is, ' spine.' A monster whose 
spine is crooked.-Gurlt. 
CAMPYLORRHI'NUS; from Kaprvhos, 
' crooked,' and piv, ' nose.' A monster whose 
nose is crooked.-Gurlt. 
CAMPYLOTIS, Cataclasis. 
CAMPYLUM, Cataclasis. 
CAMUS, (F.) Simus, Resi'mus, Simo, Silo, Si- 
tus. One who has a short, stumpy nose. The 
French speak of Nez camus, 'short nose.' 
CANADA BURNET, Sanguisorba canadensis. 
CANAL, Cana'lis, Ductus, Mea'tus, Poros, 
Och'etos, (F.) Conduit. A channel for affording 
passage to liquids, or solids, or to certain organs. 
Canal, Alimen'tary, C. Diges'tive, Cana'lis 
ciba'rius vel digesti'vus, Ductus ciba'rius, Tubus 
alimenta'ris seu intestino'rum, Diges'tive Tube, 
Aliment'ary Duct or Tube. The canal extending 
from the mouth to the anus. 
Canal, Arach'noid, Cana'lis Bichat'ii, Canal 
of Bichat. A canal formed by the extension of 
the arachnoid over the transverse and longitudi- 
nal fissures of the brain, which surrounds the vena 
magna Galeni. The orifice of the canal has 
been termed the Foramen of Bichat. 
CANAL ARTERIEL, Arterial duct -c. de 
Bartholin, Ductus Bartholinus - c. of Bichat, 
Canal, arachnoid-c. Bullular, of Petit, GodronnS 
canal - c. Carotidien, Carotid canal - c. Chole- 
doque, Choledoch duct-c. Ciliary, Ciliary canal 
-c. of Cotunnius, Aquaeductus vestibuli - c. of 
Fontana, Ciliary canal-c. Goudronne, Godronni 
canal-c. Hepatique, Hepatic duct. 
Canal, IIy'aloid. A cylindrical passage, de- 
scribed by M. J. Cloquet as formed by the reflec- 
tion of the hyaloid membrane into the interior 
of the vitreous body around the nutritious artery 
of the lens. M. Cruveilhier has never been able 
to see it. 
Canal, Inci'sive, see Palatine canals-c. Infra- 
orbitar, Suborbitar canal - c. Inflexe de Vos tern, 
poral, Carotid canal-c. Intermidiare des ventri- 
cules, Aqureduetus Sylvii. 
Canal Intes'tinal. Cana'lis seu Ductus intes- 
tina'lis. The portion of the digestive canal formed 
by the intestines. 
Canal of Jacobson, Canal, tympanic. 
Canal, Med'ullary. The cylindrical cavity 
in the body or shaft of a long bone, which con- 
tains the marrow. 
Canal, Nasal, Lachrymal canal. 
Canal of Nuck. A cylindrical sheath formed 
around the round ligaments of the uterus by a 
prolongation of the peritoneum into the inguinal 
canal. 
164 
CANARIES 
CANAL DE PETIT, Godronni canal - c. 
Pulmo-aortique, Arterial duct-c. Rachidian, 
Vertebral canal. 
Canal of Schlemm. A minute circular canal, 
discovered by Professor Schlemm, of Berlin. It 
is situate at the point of union of the cornea and 
sclerotica. 
Canal, Spinal, Vertebral canal - c. Spiroide 
de Vos temporal, Aquseductus Fallopii-c. de Ste- 
non, Ductus saliValis superior - e. Thor'acique, 
Thoracic duct - c. Veineux, Canal, venous - c. 
Vulvo-uterine, Vagina - c. de Warthon, Ductus 
salivalis inferior. 
Canal, Tym'panic, Cana'lis tympan'icus, Canal 
of Ja'cobson. A canal which opens on the lower 
surface of the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone, between the carotid canal and the groove 
for the internal jugular vein. It contains Jacob- 
son's nerve. 
Canal, Venous, Cana'lis seu Ductus veno'sus, 
(F.) Canal veineux. A canal, which exists only 
in the foetus. It extends from the bifurcation of 
the umbilical vein to the vena cava inferior, into 
which it opens below the diaphragm. At times, 
it ends in one of the infra-hepatic veins. It pours 
into the cava a part of the blood, which passes 
from the placenta by the umbilical vein. After 
birth, it becomes a fibro-cellular cord. 
Canal of Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
CANA'LES BRESCHETI. Canals in the 
diploe for the passage of veins; so called after 
M. Breschet. 
Canales Circulares, Semicircular canals-c. 
Cochleae, Seal® of the cochlea-c. Lachrymales, 
Lachrymal ducts-c. Membranei renum, see Calix 
-c. Tubseformes, Semicircular canals. 
CANALICULATED, Grooved. 
CANALICULATUS, Cannele, Grooved. 
CANALICULE, Grooved. 
CANALICULI HAVERSIANI, Canals, nu- 
tritive - c. Lachrymales, Lachrymal ducts - c. 
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts - c. Semicirculares, 
Semicircular canals-c. Vasculosi, Canals, nutri- 
tive-c. of Bone, see Lacunae of Bone. 
CANALIC'ULUS, diminutive of canalis, 'a 
channel.' A small channel. See Lacunae of Bone. 
CANALIS, Meatus - c. Arteriosus, Arterial 
duct-c. Bichatii, Canal, arachnoid-c. Canalicu- 
latus, Gorget-c. Caroticus, Carotid canal-c. De- 
ferens, Deferens, vas - c. Eminentiae quadrige- 
minae, Aquaeductus Sylvii-c. Intestinorum, In- 
testinal tube-c. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal or nasal 
duct-c. Medius, Aquaeductus Sylvii-c. Medullae 
Spinalis, see Vertebral column-c. Nerveus fistu- 
losus renum, Ureter-c. Orbitae nasalis, Lachry- 
mal or nasal duct - c. Scalarum communis, In- 
fundibulum of the cochlea-c. Semicircularis ho- 
rizontalis, see Semicircular Canals - c. Semicir- 
cularis verticalis posterior, see Semicircular Ca- 
nals- c. Semicircularis verticalis superior, see 
Semicircular canals-c. Tympanicus, Canal, tym- 
panic-c. Urinarius, Urethra-c. Vidianus, Pte- 
rygoid canal. 
CANALS OF HAVERS, Canals, nutritive of 
bones-c. Haversian, Canals, nutritive, of bones. 
Canals, Nutritive, Canals for the nutrition 
of bones, Ductus nutrit"ii, Canalic'uli vasculo'si 
seu Haversia'ni, Haver'sian Canals, Canals of 
Havers, (F.) Canaux nourriciers ou du Nutrition 
des os, Conduits nourriciers ou nutriciers. The 
canals through which the vessels pass to the 
bones. They are lined by a very fine lamina of 
compact texture, or are formed in the texture 
itself. There is, generally, one large nutritious 
canal in a long bone, situate towards its middle. 
CANAPACIA, Artemisia vulgaris. 
CANARIES, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
of the Canaries greatly resembles that of Ma- 
deira. That of the latter, however, is more CANARIUM COMMUNE 
equable, and the accommodation for invalids 
much superior. 
CANARIUM COMMUNE, see Amyris elemi- 
fera. 
CANARY-SEED, Phalaris Canariensis. 
CANAUX AQUEUX, see Aqueous-c. Demi- 
circulaires, Semicircular canals-c. Ejaculateurs, 
Ejaculatory ducts-c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutri- 
tive-e. de Nutrition des o«, Canals, nutritive. 
CANAUX BE TBANSJHSSdON. Accord- 
ing to Bichat, the bony canals intended to give 
passage to vessels and nerves going to parts more 
or less distant; as the Cana'lis Carot'icus, &c. 
CANAUX VEINEUX, Venous Canals. The 
canals situate in the diploe, which convey venous 
blood. 
CAN'CAMUM. A mixture of several gums 
and rosins, exported from Africa, where it is used 
to deterge wounds. Dioscorides calls, by the 
name KayKapuv, the tears from an Arabian tree, 
which are similar to myrrh, and of a disagreea- 
ble taste. lie advises it in numerous diseases. 
This name is given, also, to the Anime. 
CANCAMY, Anime. 
CANCELLATED, Cancella'tus, (F.) Cancellt; 
from Cancelli, ' lattice-work.' Formed of can- 
cclli, as the ' cancellated structure of bone.' 
CANCEL'LI, 'Lattice-work.' The Cellular 
OT Spongy Texture of Bones, (F.) Tissu celluleux; 
consisting of numerous cells, communicating with 
each other. They contain a fatty matter, analo- 
gous to marrow. This texture is met with, prin- 
cipally, at the extremities of long bones ; and 
some of the short bones consist almost wholly of 
165 
CANCER 
it. It allows of the expansion of the extremities 
of bones, without adding to their weight; and 
deadens concussions. 
CANCEL'LUS, from cancer, 'a crab.' A spe- 
cies of crayfish, called the Wrong Heir, and Ber- 
nard the Hermit-, which is said to cure rheuma- 
tism, if rubbed on the part. 
CANCER, 'a crab.' Car'cinos, Lupus cancro'- 
sus. A disease, so called either on account of the 
hideous appearance which the ulcerated cancer 
presents, or on account of the great veins which 
surround it, and which the ancients compared to 
the claws of the crab: called also Carcino'ma. 
It consists of a scirrhous, livid tumour, inter- 
sected by firm, whitish, divergent bands; and 
occurs chiefly in the secernent glands. The 
pains are acute and lancinating, and often extend 
to other parts. The tumour, ultimately, termi- 
nates in a fetid and ichorous ulcer, - Ulcus 
camro'sum. It is distinguished, according to its 
stages, into occult and open ; the former being 
the scirrhous, the latter the ulcerated condition. 
At times, there is a simple destruction or erosion 
of the organs, at others, an encephaloid or cere- 
briform, and, at others, again, a colloid degene- 
ration. 
For its production, it requires a peculiar dia- 
thesis, or cachexia. The following table, from 
Dr. Walshe, exhibits the characters of the three 
species of carcinoma: 
The use of irritants in cancerous affections is 
strongly to be deprecated. When the disease is 
so situate that excision can be practised, the 
sooner it is removed the better. 
Encephaloid. 
Scirrhus. 
Colloid. 
Resembles lobulated cerebral 
Resembles rind of bacon tra- 
Has the appearance of particles of 
matter. 
versed by cellulo-fibrous septa. 
jelly inlaid in a regular alveolar bed. 
Is commonly opake from its ear- 
Has a semi transparent glossi- 
The contained matter is strik- 
liest formation. 
ness. 
ingly transparent. 
Is of a dead white colour. 
Has a clear whitish or bluish 
yellow tint. 
Greenish yellow is its predomi- 
nant hue. 
Contains a multitude of minute 
Is comparatively ill-supplied with 
Its vessels have not been suffi- 
vessels. 
vessels. 
ciently examined as yet. 
Is less hard and dense than scir- 
rhus. 
Is exceedingly firm and dense. 
The jelly-like matter is exceed- 
ingly soft; a colloid mass is, how- 
ever, firm and resisting. 
The pultaceous variety has been 
Is frequently found in the veins 
Has not been distinctly detected 
issuing from the diseased mass. 
in this situation. 
detected in the veins. 
The predominant microscopical 
The main microscopical consti- 
Is composed of shells in a state 
elements are globular, not always 
distinctly cellular, and caudate cor- 
puscula. 
tuents are juxtaposed nuclear cells ; 
caudate corpuscular do not exist 
iu it. 
of emboitement. 
Occasionally attains an enor- 
mous bulk. 
Rarely acquires larger dimen- 
sions than an orange. 
Observes a mean in this respect. 
Has been observed in almost 
Its seat, as ascertained bv obser- 
Has so far been seen in a limited 
every tissue of the body. 
vation. is somewhat more limited. 
number of parts only. 
Very commonly co-exists in se- 
veral parts or organs of the same 
subject. 
Is not unusually solitary. 
Has rarely been met with in more 
than one organ. 
Is remarkable for its occasional 
vast rapidity of growth. 
Is frequently the seat of insterti- 
tial hemorrhage and deposition of 
black or bistre-coloured matter. 
Ordinarily grows slowly. 
Is comparatively rarely the seat 
of these changes. 
Grow's with a medium degree of 
rapidity. 
When softened into a pulp, ap- 
Resembles, when softened, a vel- 
Undergoes no visible change of 
pears as a dead white or pink opake 
matter of creamy consistence. 
Subcutaneous tumours are slow 
to contract adhesion with the skin. 
Ulcerated encephnloid is fre- 
quently the seat of hemorrhage, 
followed by rapid fungous develop- 
ment. 
The progress of the disease after 
ulceration is commonly very rapid. 
It is the most common form un- 
der which secondary cancer exhi- 
bits itself 
lowish brown semitransparent ge- 
latinous matter. 
Scirrhus thus situate usually be- 
comes adherent. 
Scirrhous ulcers much less fre- 
quently give rise to hemorrhage; 
and fungous growths (provided 
they retain the scirrhous charac- 
ter) are now more slowly and less 
abundantly developed. 
There is not such a remarkable 
change in the rate of progress of the 
disease after ulceration has set in. 
the kind. 
Is the species of cancer most fre- 
Is much less common before pu- 
Has so far been observed tn adults 
quently observed in young subjects. 
berty. 
only. CANCER 
Cancer Alveolaris, Colloid. 
Cancer Aquat'icus, Gan'grenous stomatitis, 
Cancrum Oris, Gangrcenop'sis, Canker of the 
mouth, Gangrenous sore mouth, Sloughing Phage- 
dce'na of the mouth, Water Canker : called, also, 
Aphthae serpen'tes, Gangrae'na Oris, Noma, Nome, 
Nomus, Pseudocarcino'ma la'bii, Stomac'ace gan- 
grceno'sa, Cheiloc'aee, Uloc'ace, IRi'tis sep'tica, 
Cheilomala'cia, Scorbu'tus Oris, Stomatomala'cia 
pu'trida, Stomatosep'sis, Stomatonecro'sis, Car- 
bun'culus labio'rum et gena'rum, (F.) Cancer 
aquatique, Stomatite gangreneuse, S. Charbon- 
neuse, Gangrene de la Bouche, Sphacele de la 
Bouche, F egarite, Aphthe gangreneux. Certain 
sloughing or gangrenous ulcers of the mouth,- 
so called, perhaps, because they are often accom- 
panied with an afflux of saliva. The disease is 
not uncommon in children's asylums, and de- 
mands the same treatment as hospital gangrene; 
-the employment of caustics, and internal and 
external antiseptics. 
CANCER AQUATIQUE, Cancer aquaticus, 
Stomacace-c. Areolaire, Colloid-c. Astacus, see 
Cancrorum chelae - c. Black, Melanosis - c. Ca- 
minariorum, Cancer, chimney-sweepers'-c. Cel- 
lular, Encephaloid-c. Cerebriforme, see Ence- 
phaloid. 
Cancer, Chimnea'-sweepers', Sootwart, Can- 
cer mundito' rum, Cancer purgato'ris infumic'uli, 
Oancer scu carcino' ma scroti, Cancer caminario'- 
rum, Oscheocarcino'ma, Oschocarcino'ma, (F.) 
Cancer des Ramoneurs. This affection begins 
with a superficial, painful, irregular ulcer with 
hard and elevated edges occupying the lower 
part of the scrotum. Extirpation of the diseased 
part is the only means of effecting a cure. 
Cancer, Davidson's Remedy for, see Coni- 
uin maculatum-c. du Foie, Hepatosarcomie-c. 
Fibrous, Scirrhus. 
Cancer Gale'ni, (F.) Cancer de Galien. A 
bandage for the head, to which Galen gave the 
name cancer, from its eight heads resembling, 
rudely, the claws of the crab. It is now sup- 
plied by the bandage with six chefs or heads, 
which is called the Bandage of Galen or B. of 
the Poor. 
CANCER DE GALIEN, Cancer Galeni-c. 
Gelatiniform, Colloid-c. Gelatinous, Colloid-c. 
Hard, Scirrhus - c. Intestinorum, Enteropathia 
cancerosa-c. des Intestins, Enteropathia cance- 
rosa - 0. of the Lung, Phthisis, cancerous - c. 
Lupus, Lupus - c. Medullaris, Encephaloid - c. 
Melaeneus, Melanosis-c. Melane, Melanosis - c. 
Melanodes, Cancer, melanotic. 
Cancer, Melanot'ic, Cancer melano'des, Car- 
cino'ma melano'des. A combination of cancer 
and melanosis. 
Cancer Mollis, see Encephaloid - c. Mou, 
Encephaloid-c. Munditorum, Cancer, chimney- 
sweepers'-c. Oeuli, Scirrhophthalmus-c. Oris, 
Stomacace-c. Ossis, Spina ventosa-c. Pharyn- 
gis et oesophagi, Lsemoscirrhus - c. Purgatoris 
infumiculi, Cancer, chimney-sweepers' - c. Scir- 
rhosus, Scirrhus - e. Scroti, Cancer, chimney- 
sweepers'-c. Soft, Hsematodes fungus-c. of the 
Stomach, Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pyloriea-c. 
Uteri, Metro-carcinoma. 
CANCEREUX, Cancerous. 
CANCER ROOT, Orobanche Virginiana, Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 
CANCEROMA, Carcinoma. 
CAN'CEROUS, Cancro'sus, Carcino'sus, (F.) 
Cancireux. Relating to cancer; as Cancerous 
ulcer, Cancerous diathesis, &c. 
CANCIIALAGUA, Chironia Chilensis. 
CANCRENA, Gangrene. 
CAN'CROID, Cancro'des, CancroVdes, Carci- 
166 
CANINE 
no'des, Carcinoides, Cancro'i' deus, from cancer 
and uios, 'form.' That which assumes a can- 
cerous appearance. Cancroid is a name given 
to certain cutaneous cancers byAlibert: called 
also Cheloid or Keloid ' a tortoise,' and 
eiiof, 'likeness,') from their presenting a flattish 
raised patch of integument, resembling the shell 
of a tortoise. 
CANCROMA, Carcinoma. 
CANCRO'RUM CIIELfE, Oc'uli vel Lap'ides 
Cancro'rum, Lapil'li cancro'rum, Concremen'ta 
As'taci fiuviat'ilis, Crab's stones or eyes, (F.) 
Yeux d'icrevise. Concretions found, particu- 
larly, in the Cancer As'tacus or Cray-fish. They 
consist of carbonate and phosphate of lime, and 
possess antacid virtues, but not more than chalk. 
CANCROSUS, Cancerous, Chancreuse. 
CANCRUM ORIS, Cancer Aquaticus, Sto- 
macace. 
CANDELA, Bougie - c. Fumalis, Pastil - c. 
Medicata, Bougie - c. Regia, Verbascum ni- 
grum. 
CANDELARIA, Verbascum nigrum. 
CANDI, Ciandwm, Canthum, Can'tion: 'white, 
bleached, purified.' Purified and crystallized 
sugar. See Saccharum. 
CANDIDUM OVI, Albumen ovi. 
CANDYTUFT, BITTER, Iberis amara. 
CANEFLOWER, PURPLE, Echinacea pur- 
purea. 
CANE, SUGAR, see Saccharum - c. Sweet, 
Acorus calamus. 
CANELE, Grooved. 
CANELLA, see Canella alba. 
Canel'la Alba, diminutive of Canna, ' a reed,' 
so called because its bark is rolled up like a reed. 
Cortex Wintera'nus spu'rius, Canella Cuba'na, C. 
Wintera'nia, Cinnanto'mum album, Cortex Anti- 
scorbu'ticus, C. Aromat'icus, Costus cortico'sus, 
Camin'ga, Canella of Linnaeus, and of Ph. U. S., 
Canella Bark, Cgnella, (F.) Canelie ou Canelle 
blanche, Fausse Ecorce de Winter, Ecorce Cario- 
costine. Fam. Magnoliacea?. Sex. Syst. Dode- 
candria Monogynia. This bark is a pungent 
aromatic. Its virtues are partly extracted by 
water; entirely by alcohol. It is a stimulant, 
and is added to bitters and cathartics. 
Canella Caryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyl- 
lata-c. Cubana, C. alba, Laurus cassia-c. Mala- 
barica et Javensis, Laurus cassia. 
CANELLIFERA MALABARICA, Laurus 
cassia. 
CANEPIN, (F.) A fine lamb's skin or goat's 
skin, used for trying the quality of lancets. 
CANICACEOUS, Furfuraceous. 
CAN'ICtE. Meal, in which there is much 
bran. Also, coarse bread; or bread in which 
there is much bran-Panis Canica'ceus. 
CANICIDA, Aconitum. 
CANIC'ULA; the Dogstar, from canis, 'a dog;* 
Snpios, Sirius, (F.) Canicule. This star, which 
gives its name to the Dogdays, Dies canicula'res, 
because they commence when the sun rises with 
it, was formerly believed to exert a powerful in- 
fluence on the animal economy. The Dog-days 
occur at a period of the year when there is gene- 
rally great and oppressive heat, and therefore- 
it has been conceived-a greater liability to dis- 
ease. 
CANIF, Knife. 
CANIN, Canine. 
CANINANA3 RADIX, Caincm radix. 
CANINE, Cani'nus, Cyn'icus, mm;, from 
canis, 'a dog.' (F.) Canin. That which has a 
resemblance to the structure, &c., of a dog. 
Canine Fossa, Fossa Cani'na, Infra-orbitar or 
Suborbitar fossa, (F.) Fosse Canine. A small CANINUS 
depression on the superior maxillary bone, above 
the dens caninus, which gives attachment to the 
eantnas or levator anguli oris muscle. 
Canine Laugh, Sardon'ic laugh, Risus Cani'- 
nns seu Sardon'ic us seu Sardo' nius, R. de Sardo'- 
nia, R. involunta'rius, R. spas'ticus, Tortu'ra 
Orts, Risto)Jsio Oris, Geias'mus, Sardi'asis, Sar- 
doni'asis, Trismus Sardon'icus seu cyn'icus, Spas- 
mus musculorum faciei seu cyn'ictts, Prosopospas'- 
mus, (F.) Ris canin, R. Sardonique, R. Sardonien, 
R. moqueur. A sort of laugh, the facial expres- 
sion of which is produced particularly by the 
spasmodic contraction of the Caninus muscle. 
Probably, this expression, as well as Cynic Spasm, 
Spasmus caninus seu cyn'ictts, Cottvul'sio cani'na, 
Trismus cyn'ictts, may have originated in the re- 
semblance of the affection to certain movements 
in the upper lip of the dog. The Risus Sardon'- 
icus is said to have been so called from similar 
symptoms having been induced by a kind of Ra- 
nunculus that grows in Sardinia. 
Canine Teeth, Rentes Cani'ni, Cynodan'tes, D. 
Lania' rii, R. angula'res, cuspida'ti, columella'res, 
ocula'res, mordenites, Eye Teeth, (F.) Rents ca- 
nines, lauiaires, angtilaires, octtlaires, oeilleres ou 
conoides. The teeth between the lateral incisors 
and small molares, of each jaw ; - so named be- 
cause they resemble the teeth of the dog. 
CANINUS, Levator anguli oris - c. Sentis, 
Rosa canina-c. Spasmus, see Canine Laugh. 
CANIRAM, Strychnos nux vomica. 
CANIRAMINUM, Brucine. 
CANIRUBUS, Rosa canina. 
CANIS INTERFECTOR, Veratrum sababilla 
-c. Ponticus, Castor fiber. 
CANLT"IES, from cantts, ' white.' Whiteness 
or grayness of the hair, and especially of that of 
the head. (F.) Canitie. When occurring in con- 
sequence of old age, it is not a disease. Some- 
times, it happens suddenly, and apparently in 
consequence of severe mental emotion. The 
causes, however, are not clear. See Poliosis. 
CANKER, Stomaeace-c. of the Mouth, Can- 
cer aquaticus-c. Water, Cancer aquaticus. 
CANN A, see Tous-les-Mois, Cassia fistula, 
Trachea-c. Brachii, Ulna-c. Domestica cruris, 
Tibia-c. Fistula, Cassia fistula-c. Indica, Sa- 
gittarium alexiphannacum - c. Major, Tibia - 
c. Minor, Fibula, Radius - e. Solutiva, Cassia 
fistula. 
CANNABIN, Bangue. 
CANNAB'INA, from Kavvaftis, 'hemp.' Reme- 
dies composed of Cannabis Indica.-Pereira. 
Cannabina AQUATiCA,Eupatorium cannabinum. 
CANNABIS INDICA, Bangue. See, also, 
Churrus, and Gunjah. 
Can'nabis Sati'va, (F.) Chancre, Chambrie. 
The seed of this-Hempseed, Sem'ina Can'nabis, 
(F.) Chenevis, is oily and mucilaginous. The 
decoction is sometimes used in gonorrhoea. 
CANNACORUS RADICE CROCEA, Curcu- 
ma longa. 
CANNAMELLE, see Saccharum. 
CAXNE AROMATIQUE, Acorus calamus- 
e. Congo, Costus - c. de Riviere, Costus - c. <1 
Sucre, see Saeeharum. 
C A AAA' HER GE, V accinium oxy coccos - c. 
Ponetuee, Vaceinium vitis ideea. 
CANNELE ou CANELE, (F.) from canalis, 
'a canal:' Sulca'tus, Stria'tits, Canalicula'tns. 
Having a canal or groove - as Muscle catmele 
(Lieutaud,) the Gemini; Corps canneles ou strife, 
the Corpora striata ; Sonde cannelfe, a grooved 
sound, Ac. See Grooved. 
C A NNE L L E, Laurus cinnamomum - e. 
Blanche, Canella alba - c. de la Chine, Laurus 
cassia - c. de Coromandel, Laurus cassiac. 
Fausse, Laurus cassia-c. Giraffe, Myrtus cary- 
167 
CAPBERN 
ophyllata-c. <?<•« Indes, Laurus cassia-c. de Java, 
Laurus cassia-c. de Malabar, Laurus cassia-c. 
Matte, Laurus cassia-c. Officinale, Laurus cin- 
namomum-c. Poivrte, see Wintera aroinatica. 
CANNULA, Canula. 
CANNULtE PULMONUM, Bronchia. 
CANOPUM, see Sambucus. 
CANOR STETHOSCOPICUS, Tintcment me- 
tallique. 
CANTABRICA, Convolvulus Cantabrica. 
CANTABRUNO, Furfur. 
CANTARELLUS, Meloe proscarabaeus. 
CANTATIO, Charm. 
CANTERBURY, WATERS OF, Aqua Can- 
tuarien'ses. The waters of Canterbury in Kent, 
England, are impregnated with iron, sulphur, and 
carbonic acid. 
CANTERIUM, Cantherius. 
CANTHARIBE TACHETEE, Lytta vittata. 
CANTHARIDINE, see Cantharis. 
CAN'THARIS, from KavSapos, ' a scarabaus f 
Musca Hispan'ica, Mel'oe vesicato'rius, Cantharis 
vesicato' ria, Lytta vesicato'ria, Blistering Fly, 
Blisterfly, Blisterbeetle, Spanish Fly, Fly, (F.) 
Cantharides, Mauches, M. d'Espagne. This fly 
is much employed in medicine. It is the most 
common vesicatory. Given internally, and even 
when absorbed from the skin, it affects the uri- 
nary organs, exciting strangury. This may be 
prevented, in cases of blisters, by interposing be- 
tween the blistering plaster and skin a piece of 
tissue paper. Diluents relieve the strangury. 
Dose, half a grain to one grain. If kept dry, the 
flies will retain their activity for many years. 
Their active principle, Can'tharidin, Cantharidi' - 
na, has been separated from them. 
Cantharis Vittata, Lytta vittata. 
CANTIIE'RIUS, Cante' rium. The cross-piece 
of wood in the apparatus used by Hippocra tes for 
reducing luxations of the humerus. 
CANTHI'TIS. Inflammation of the canthus 
of the eye. 
CAN'i'HOPLAS'TICE, from KavSos, 'the angle 
of the eye,' and TrXaarncoj, 'formative.' The 
formation, by plastic operation, of the angle of 
the eye. 
CANTHUM, Candi. 
CANTHUS, Epican'this, An'gulus ocula'ris, 
Fons lachryma'rum. The corner or angle of the 
eye. The greater canthus is the inner angle, 
Hircus, Hir'quus, Rhanter ; the lesser canthus, 
the outer angle, Paro'pia, Pega. 
CANTIA'NUS PULVIS. A cordial powder, 
known under the name ' Countess of Kent's p>ow- 
der,' composed of coral, amber, crab's eyes, pre- 
pared pearls, Ac. It was given in cancer. 
CANTION, Candi. 
CAN'ULA, Can'nula, Au'liscus, Aulos. Di- 
minutive of Canna, 'a reed;' Tu'bulus, (F.) 
CanaZe ou Cannule. A small tube of gold, silver, 
platinum, iron, lead, wood, elastic gum, or gutta 
percha, used for various purposes in surgery. 
CA'OUTCIIOUC. The Indian name for In- 
dian Rubber, Elas'tic Gum, Gum. Elastic, Gurnmi 
elas'ticum, Cauchuc, Ilesi'na elas'tica seu Cayen- 
nen'sis, Cayenne Betin, Cautchuc. A substance 
formed from the milky juice of Ha'vea seu Hevea 
Guianen'sis, Jat'ropha elas'tica seu Sipho'nia 
Cahuchu, S. elas'tica, Ficus Indica, and Artocar'- 
pus integrifo'lia:-South American trees. It is 
insoluble in water and alcohol; but boiling water 
softens and swells it. It is soluble in the es- 
sential oils and in ether, when it may be blown 
into bladders. It is used in the fabrication of 
catheters, bougies, pessaries, Ac. 
CAP, PITCH, see Depilatory. 
CAPA-ISIAKKA: Bromelia ananas. 
CAPBERN, WATERS 3F, Capbern is in CAPELET 
the department Hautes-Pyrfinfies, France. The 
waters contain sulphates and carbonates of lime 
and magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. Tem- 
perature, 75° Fahrenheit. They are purgative. 
CAPELET, Myrtus caryophyllata. 
CAPELI'NA, Capelli'na, (F.) Capeline; A 
Woman's Hat, in French; Capis'trum., from caput, 
' head.' A sort of bandage, which, in shape, re- 
sembles a riding-hood. There are several kinds 
of Capelines. 1. That of the head, C. de la tete, 
Fas'cia capita'lis. See Bonnet d' Hippocrate. C. 
of the clavicle, employed in fractures of the acro- 
mion, clavicle and spine of the scapula. C. of an 
amputated limb-the bandage applied round the 
stuinp. 
CAPELLINA, Capelina. 
CAPER BUSH, Capparis spinosa. 
CAPER PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris. 
CAPERS, see Capparis spinosa. 
CAPETUS, Imperforation. 
CAPIIORA, Camphor. 
CAPHURA, Camphor. 
CA PILL Al11E, Capillary, see Adiantum 
capillus veneris - c. du Canada, Adiantum pe- 
datum - c. de Montpellier, Adiantum Capillus 
veneris. 
CAPILLAMEN'TUM, from Capillus, 'a hair,' 
Capillit" ium, Tricho'ma, Trichoma' tian. Any 
villous or hairy covering. Also, a small fibre or 
fibril. 
CAP'ILLARY, Capilla'ris, Capilla'ceus, from 
capillus, 'a hair.' (F.) Capillaire. Hair-like; 
small. 
Cap'illary Vessels, Vasa capilla'ria, (F.) 
Vaisseaujc capillaires, are the extreme radicles 
of the arteries and veins, which together consti- 
tute the capillary, intermediate, or peripheral 
vascular system,-the methat'mata or methoemat- 
ous blood channels of Dr. Marshall Hall. They 
possess an action distinct from that of the heart. 
CAPILLATIO, Trichismus. 
CAPILLATUS, Impuber. 
CAPILLITIUM, Capillamentum, Entropion, 
Scalp. 
CAPILLORUM DEFLUVIUM, Alopecia. 
CAPIL'LUS, quasi Capitis Pilus, Coma, Chcete, 
Crinis, Pilus, Thrix, Casa'ries, (F.) Cheveu. 
This term is generally applied to the hair of the 
head, Pili seu Honor cap'itis, the characters of 
which vary, according to races, individuals, <tc. 
Hairs arise in the areolar membrane, where the 
bulb is placed, and are composed of two parts- 
one, external, tubular, and transparent, of an 
epidermoid character; the other, internal and 
sui generis, which communicates to them their 
colour. The hair is insensible, and grows from 
the root. 
Capillus Veneris, Adiantum capillus veneris 
-c. V. Canadensis, Adiantum pedatum. 
CAPIPLE'NIUM, Capitiple'nium, from caput, 
'the head,' and plenum, 'full.' A word, employed 
with different significations. A variety of catarrh. 
- Schneider. A heaviness or disorder in the 
head common at Rome, like the Kaf»t0apia, Care- 
baria, of the Greeks.-Baglivi. 
CAPISTRATIO, Phimosis. 
CAPISTRUM, Capeline, Chevestre, Trismus- 
c. Anri, Borax. 
Capis'trum, Phimos, Cemos, stipes, ' a halter.' 
This name has been given to several bandages 
for the head.-See Capeline, Chevestre. 
CAPITALIA REMEDIA, Cephalic remedies. 
CAPITALIS, Cephalic. 
CAPITELLUM, Alembic, see Caput. 
CAPITEUX. Heady. 
CAPITILU'VIUM, from caput, 'the head,' 
►nd lavare, ' to wash.' A bath for the head. 
168 
CAPSICUM 
- 
CAPITIPLENIUM, Capiplenium. 
CAPITIPURGIA, Caput purgia. 
CAPITITRAHA, from caput, ' the head,' and 
trahere, ' to draw.' Instruments which, like the 
forceps, draw down the head of the foetus when 
impacted in the pelvis. 
CAPITO'NES, from caput, 'the head.' Jfa- 
croceph'ali, Proceph'ali. Foetuses whose heads 
are so large as to render labour difficult. 
CAPITULUM, Alembic, Condyle, see Caput- 
c. Costa?, see Costa - c. Laryngis, Corniculum 
laryngis - c. Martis, Eryngium campestre - c. 
Santorini, Corniculum laryngis. 
CAPITULUVIUM, Rath, (head.) 
CAPNISMOS, Fumigation. 
CAPNITIS, Tutia. 
CAPNOIDES CAVA, Fumaria bulbosa. 
CAPNORCHIS, Fumaria bulbosa. 
CAPNOS, Fumaria. 
CAPON, Cagot. 
CAPOX SPRINGS. A pleasant summer re- 
treat, situated in a gorge of the North Mountain, 
in Hampshire co., Va., 23 miles W. of Winchester 
The waters in the vicinity are sulphurous and 
chalybeatethose at the springs alkaline and 
diuretic. 
CAPOT, Cagot. 
CAP'PARIS SPINO'SA, Cap'paris, Cappar, 
Ca'pria, Prickly Caper Bush, (F.) Caprier. Fa- 
mily, Capparidea?. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mono- 
gynia. The bark of the root, and the buds, 
have been esteemed astringent and diuretic. 
The buds are a well known pickle.-Capers, (F.) 
Cdpres. 
Capparis Baduc'ca, Baduk'ka. A species of 
caper, cultivated in India on account of the 
beauty of its flowers. The Orientals make a 
liniment with its juice, with which they rub 
pained parts. The flowers are purgative. 
CAPPONE, WATERS OF. At Cappone, in 
the isle of Ischia, are waters containing carbonate 
of soda, chloride of sodium and carbonate of lime. 
Temp. 100° Fah. 
CAPREOLA'RIS, from capreolus, 'a tendril.' 
Cisso'ides, Elico'ides, (F.) CaprMaire. Twisted. 
Capreola'kia Vasa. Some have called thus 
the spermatic arteries and veins, on account of 
their numerous contortions. 
CAPREOLUS, Helix. 
CAP RES, see Capparis spinosa. 
CAPRIA, Capparis spinosa. 
CAPRICORNUS, Plumbum. 
CAPRIER, Capparis spinosa. 
CAPR [FOLIA, Lonicera periclvmenum. 
CAPRIFOLIUM DISTINCTUM, Lonicera 
pcrielymenum-c. Periclymenum, Lonicera peri- 
clymenum - c. Sylvaticum, Lonicera pericly- 
menum. 
CAPRILOQUIUM, Egophony. 
CAPRIZANS PULSUS, see Pulse, caprizant. 
CAPSA, Bolte, Capsule, Case-c. Cordis, Peri- 
cardium. 
CAPSARIUM, Battier. 
CAPSELLA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi 
bursa. 
CAPSICUM, see Capsicum annuum. 
Cap'sicum An'kitum, from 'I bite.' The 
systematic name of the plant whence Cayenne 
Pepper is obtained, - Piper In'dicum sen His- 
pan'icum, Sola'num urens, Siliquas'trum Plin'ii, 
Piper Brazilia'num, Piper Guineen'se, Piper Ca- 
leeu'ticum, Piper Tur'cicum, C. Hispan'icvm, Pi- 
per Lusitan'icum, Cayenne Pepper, Guin'ea Pep- 
per, (F.'fPiment, Poivre d'Inde, Poivre de Guinte, 
Corail dee Jardins. The pungent, aromatic pro- 
perties of Baecee Capsici, Capsicum Berries, Cap- 
sicum (Ph. U. S.), are yielded to ether, alcohol, 
and water. They are highly stimulant and rube- CAPS1QUE 
facient, and are used as a condiment. Their ac- 
tive principle is called Capsicin. 
Capsicum Hispanicum, Capsicum annuum. 
CAPSIQUE, Capsicum annuum. 
CAPSITIS, see Phacitis. 
CAPSULA, Boltiei c. Articularis, Capsular 
ligament-c. Cordis, Pericardium - c. Dentis. 
Dental follicle - c. Lentis, see Crystalline - c. 
Nervorum, Neurilemma. 
CAPSULJE SEMINALES, Vesiculse S. -c. 
Synoviales, Bursae mucosae. 
CAPSULAIRE, Capsular. 
CAP'SULAR, Capsula'ris, (F.) Capsulaire. 
Relating to a capsula or capsule. 
Capsular Arteries, Suprare'nal Arteries and 
Veins. Vessels belonging to the suprarenal cap- 
sules. They are divided into superior, middle, 
and inferior. The first proceed from the inferior 
phrenic, the second from the aorta, and the third 
from the renal artery. The corresponding veins 
enter the phrenic, vena cava, and renal. 
Capsular Lig'ament, Ligament turn capsula're, 
Cap'sula articula'ris, Artic'ular capsule, Fibrous 
capsule, (F.) Ligament capsulaire, Capsule arti- 
culaire, Capsule fibreux, <fcc. Membranous, 
fibrous, and elastic bags or capsules, of a whitish 
consistence, thick, and resisting, which surround 
joints. 
CAPSULE, Cap'sula, Capsa, a box, or case, 
(F.) Capsule. This, name has been given, by 
anatomists, to parts bearing no analogy to each 
other. 
Capsule, Cellular, of the Eye, see Eye. 
Capsule, Fibrous, Capsular ligament. 
Capsule, Gelat'inous, Cap'sula gelat'ina, 
Capsule of gelatin. A modern invention by 
which copaiba and other disagreeable oils can 
be enveloped in gelatin so as to conceal their 
taste. 
Capsule of Glisson, Cap'sula Glisso'nii, C. 
commu'nis Glisso'nii, Vagi'na Porta, V. Glis- 
so'nii. A sort of membrane, described by Glis- 
son, which is nothing more than dense areolar 
membrane surrounding the vena porta and its 
ramifications in the liver. 
Capsule of the Heart, Cap'sula cordis. The 
pericardium. 
Capsule, Ocular, see Eye. 
Capsule, Renal, Suprare'nal or Atrabil'- 
iary C., lienal Gland, Gian'dula suprarena'lis, 
Cap'sula rena'lis, suprarena'lis vel atrabilia'ris, 
Pen succenturia'tus, Nephrid'ium, (F.) Capsule 
surrenale ou atrabiliaire. A flat, triangular body, 
which covers the upper part of the kidney, as 
with a helmet. A hollow cavity in the interior 
contains a brown, reddish or yellowish fluid. The 
renal capsules were long supposed to be the secre- 
tory organs of the fancied atrabilis. They are 
much larger in the foetus than in the adult. 
They are probably concerned in lymphosis. 
Capsule, Sem'inal, Cap'sula semina'lis. Bar- 
tholine thus designates the extremity of the vas 
deferens, which is sensibly dilated in the vicinity 
of the vesiculae seminales. Some anatomists ap- 
ply this name to the vesiculae themselves. 
Capsule, Syno'vial, Capsula Synovia'lis. A 
membranous bag, surrounding the movable arti- 
culations and canals, which gives passage to ten- 
dons. Synovial capsules exhale, from their arti- 
cular surface, a fluid, whose function is to favour 
the motions of parts upon each other. See Bursa 
mucosa, and Synovia. 
CAPSULE SURRENALE ou ATRA- 
BILIARE, Capsule, renal. 
CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
CAP U CHON, Trapezius. 
CAPUCINE, Tropseolum majus. 
CAPULIES, Prunus eapulin. 
169 
CARBO 
CAPULUS, Scrotum. 
CAPUT, 'the head.' Also, the top of a bono 
or other part, (F.) Tete. The head of small 
bones is sometimes termed capit'ulum, capitell'um, 
cephalid'ium, ceph'alis, cephal'ium. Also, the 
glans penis. 
Caput Aspf.rje Arterle, Larynx - c. Coli, 
Caecum-c. Gallinaceum, see Gallinaginis caput 
-c. Gallinagiuis, see Gallinaginis caput-c. Ge- 
nitale, Glans-c. Lubricum, Penis-c. Monachi, 
Leontodon Taraxacum-c. Obstipum, Torticollis 
-c. Penis, Glans. 
Caput Pur'gia, Capitipur'gia. Remedies, 
which the ancients regarded as proper for purg- 
ing the head :-errhines, sternutatories, apophleg- 
matisantia, <fcc. Prosper Alpinus makes the caput 
purgia to be the same as errhines; and the apo- 
phlegmatismi the same as the masticatories of 
the moderns. 
Caput Scapulas, Acromion. 
Caput Succeda'neum. A term sometimes used 
for the tumefied scalp, which first presents in cer- 
tain cases of labour. 
Caput Testis, Epididymis. 
CA Q UE-SANti UE, Cague-sangue. Old 
French words which signify Bloody evacuations, 
(F.) Dejections sanguinolentes. They come from 
cacare, 'to go to stool,' and sanguis, 'blood.' Un- 
der this term was comprehended every affection, 
in which blood is discharged from the bowels. 
CARA SCIIULLI, Frutex In'dicus spino'svs, 
Barle'ria buxifo'lia. A Malabar plant, which, 
when applied externally, is maturative and resol- 
vent. The decoction of its root is used, in the 
country, in ischuria. 
CARABAC'CIUM. An aromatic wood of In- 
dia, of a yellowish colour, and a smell like that 
of the clove. Its decoction and infusion are 
given as stomachics and antiscorbutics. 
CAR'ABUS. A genus of coleopterous insects. 
Two species, the chrysoceph'alus and ferrugin'eus, 
have been recommended for the toothaeh. They 
must be pressed between the fingers, and then 
rubbed on the gum and tooth affected. 
CARAOTEBE, Character, Symbol. 
CARAGNA, Caranna. 
CARAMATA, Arumari. A tree in the inland 
parts of Pomeroon. It furnishes a febrifuge bark, 
which Dr. Hancock says may be used in typhoid 
and remittent fevers where cinchona is either 
useless or pernicious. 
CARAMBOLO, Averrhoa carambola. 
CARAN'NA, Caragna, Tacamahaca, Caragna, 
Caran'nce Gummi, G. Brel'isis, Gum Caran'na, 
(F.) Caragne, Gomme Caragne ou Carane. A 
gum-resinous substance, which flows from a large 
tree in New Spain, and is obtained from South 
America in impure masses. It preserves its soft- 
ness for a long time, has an aromatic smell, and 
a slightly acrid and bitter taste. It was formerly 
used as a vulnerary and in plasters. 
CARAWAY, Carum. 
CARBASA, Linteum. 
CARBASUS, Linteum. 
CARBO, Carbo Ligni, Charcoal, (F.) Charbon. 
Fresh Charcoal is antiseptic. It is used to im- 
prove the digestive organs in cases of worms, 
dyspepsia, &c.; as a cataplasm to gangrenous 
and fetid ulcers, tinea, <fcc., and forms a good 
tooth-powder. Dose, gr. x to gj. Also, Anthrax. 
Carbo Anima'lis, Carbo carnis, Animal char- 
coal, (F.) Charbon animal. In the Pharmaco- 
poeia of the United States, it is directed to be 
prepared from bones. It is given in the same 
cases as Carbo Ligni, and has been extolled in 
cancer. Dose, gr. ss. to gr. iij. 
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States con CARBON 
tains a formula for the preparation of Carbo 
Anima'lis Purifica'tus, Purified animal char- 
coal (Carbon, animal, ibj ; Acid muriat., Aqua 
aa Pour the muriatic acid, previously 
mixed with the water, gradually upon the char- 
coal, and digest with a gentle heat for two days, 
occasionally stirring the mixture. Having al- 
lowed the undissolved portion to subside, pour 
off the supernatant liquor, wash the charcoal fre- 
quently with water until it is entirely free from 
acid, and lastly dry it. 
Carbo Fos'silis, Lithanthrax, Stone coal. 
Carbo Huma'num. The human excrement.- 
Paraftelsus. 
Carro Light, Carbo-c. Mineralis, Graphites 
- c. Palpebrarum, Anthracosis - c. Spongiae, 
Spongia usta. 
CARBON, SESQUI-IODIDE OF, Carbonis 
sesqui-iodidum-c. Bisulphuret of, Carbonis sul- 
phuretum-c. Sulphuret of, Carbonis sulphuretum 
c. Terchloride of, Chloroform. 
CAR'BONAS or CARBO'NAS. A carbonate. 
(F.) Carbonate. A salt, formed by the combina- 
tion of carbonic acid with a salifiable base. 
Carboxas Natricum, Soda; carbonas. 
CARBONATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammo- 
nite carbonas. 
CAR'BONATED, Carbona'tus, Aera'tus, (F.) 
Aere. That which is impregnated with 
carbonic acid. 
CARBONE, Carbonated. 
CARBONEUM CHLORATUM, Chloroform. 
CARBON'IC ACID, Ac"idum Carbon'icum, 
Solid Air of Hales, Factitious Air, Fixed Air, 
Carbona'ceous Acid, Calca'reous Acid, Aerial 
Acid, Mephit'ic Acid, Spir'itus letha'lis, (F.) 
Acide Carbonique. This gas, which neither sup- 
ports respiration nor combustion, is not often 
used in medicine. It is the main agent in effer- 
vescent draughts, fermenting poultices, Ac. It 
is often found occupying the lower parts of mines 
- when it is called the choke damp - caverns, 
tombs, wells, brewers' vats, Ac., and not unfre- 
quently has been the cause of death. Lime 
thrown into such places soon absorbs the acid. 
CARBO'NIS SESQUI-IOD'IDUM, C.Sesqui- 
lodure'tum, Sesqui-T odide or Sesqui-Iod'uret of 
Carbon. This is made by mixing concentrated 
alcoholic solutions of iodine and potassa, until 
the former loses its colour; a solution is obtained 
from which water throws down a yellow precipi- 
tate- the sesqui-iodide of carbon. It has been 
used in enlarged glands and in some cutaneous 
affections, applied externally, (£ss to °f 
cerate.) 
Carbo'nis Sulphure'tum, Sulphure'ttim Car- 
bo'nii, Sul'fidum Carbo'nii, Carbo'nium Sulphu- 
ra'tum, Al'cohol Sul'phuris, Bisulphure'turn Car- 
bo'nii, Sulphuret of Carbon, Bisulphuret of Car- 
bon, Carburet of Sulphur, (F.) Sulfure de Carbon. 
This transparent, colourless fluid, which has a 
very penetrating, disagreeable odour, and a taste 
which is cooling at first, but afterwards acrid and 
somewhat aromatic, is a diffusible excitant. It 
is diaphoretic, diuretic, and has been said to have 
proved emmenagogue. It is also used in nervous 
diseases as an antispasmodic. Dose, one drop to 
four, repeated frequently. 
It is used externally, where a cooling influence 
has to be rapidly exerted, and has been inhaled 
as an anaesthetic. 
CARBONIUM SULPHURATUM, Carbonis 
sulphuretum. 
CARBUNCLE, Anthrax - c. Fungous, Ter- 
ininthns - c. of the Tongue, Glossanthrax - c. 
Berry, Terminthus. 
CARBUNCLED FACE, Gutta rosea. 
CARBUNCULAR EXANTHEM, Anthracia. 
170 
CARDIA 
CARBUNCULATIO OCULI, Blepharanthra- 
cosis. 
CARBUNCULUS, Anthrax - c. Anginosus, 
Cynanche maligna-c. Contagiosus, see Anthrax 
- c. Gallions, see Anthrax - c. Hungaricus, see 
Anthrax-c. Labiorum et genarum, Cancer aqua- 
ticus---c. Polonicus, see Anthrax-c. Pulmonum, 
Necropneumonia-c. Septentrionalis, see Anthrax. 
Carbun'culus Rubi'nus. A red, shining, and 
transparent stone, from the Isle of Ceylon ; for- 
merly employed in medicine as a preservative 
against several poisons, the plague, <tc. 
Carbunculus Ulcusculosus, Cynanche ma- 
ligna. 
CAR'CAROS, from Kapgaipui, 'I resound,' 'I 
tremble.' A fever, in which the patient has a 
general tremor, accompanied with an unceasing 
noise in the ears. 
CARCINODES, Cancroid, Chancreuse. 
CARCINOIDES, Cancroid. 
CARCINO'MA, Cancero'ma, Cancro'ma, from 
xapKivos, 'a crab.' Some authors have thus called 
indolent tumours ditferent from cancer ; others, 
incipient cancer; and others, again, the species 
of cancer in which the affected structure assumes 
the appearance of cerebral substance; but the 
majority of authors use Carcinoma in the same 
sense as Cancer. 
Carcinoma Alveolare, Colloid-c. Fibrosum, 
Scirrhus-c. Ilaematodes, Haematodes fungus-c. 
Intestinorum, Enteropathia cancerosa - c. Lin- 
guae, Glossocarcinoma-c. of the Liver, Ilepato- 
scirrhus - c. Medullare, Encephaloid - e. Mela- 
nodes, Cancer, melanotic - c. Melanoticum, Me- 
lanosis- c. Simplex, Scirrhus-c. Spongiosum, 
Encephaloid, Ilaematodes fungus-c. Scroti, Can- 
cer, chimney-sweepers'-c. Uteri, Metrocarcino- 
ma, Metroscirrhus-c. Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus; 
see Gastrostenosis cardiaca et pvlorica. 
CARCINOM'ATOUS. Relating to Cancer. 
CARCINOME MOU ET SPONGJEUX, En- 
cephaloid- c. Sangiant, Encephaloid, lliema- 
matodes fungus. 
CARCINOS, Cancer. 
CARCINO'SES, (G.) Karsinosen, from rap- 
Kivof, ' a crab.' A family of diseases, according 
to the classification of Fuchs ; which embraces 
the different forms of Cancer. 
CARCINOSUS, Cancerous. 
CARCINUS SPONGIOSUS, Encephaloid. 
CARDAMANTICA, Cardamine pratensis, Le- 
pidium Iberis. 
CARDAMINDUM MAJUS, Tropseolum 
majus. 
CARDAMINE FONTANA, Sisymbrium nas- 
turtium-c asturtium, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
Cardami'ne Praten'sis, Cardami'ne, Carda- 
man'tica, Nastur'tium Aquat'icum, Car'damon, 
Cull flog, Ibe'ris soph'ia, Nastur'tium praten'st, 
Ladies-smock, Cuckoo-flower, Common Bitter 
Cress, (F.) Cresson iltgant, Cresson des pres, Pas- 
serage sauvage. Ord. Crueiferee. The flowers 
have been considered useful as antispasmodics, 
in the dose of £j to Jij. They are probably 
inert. 
CARDAMOM, LESSER, Amomum cardamo- 
mum. 
CARDAMOME, Amomum cardamomum- c. 
de la C6te de Malabar, Amomum cardamomum. 
CARDAMOMUM MAJUS, Amomum grana 
paradisi - c. Minus, Amomum cardamomum - 
c. Piperatum, Amomum grana paradisi-c. Wild, 
Fagarastrum Capense. 
CARDAMON, Cardamine pratensis. 
CARDA_MUM MAJUS, Tropaeolum majus. 
CARDERE, Dipsacus sylvestris-c. Cultivt, 
Dipsacus fullonum. 
CARDIA, Kapbia, 1 the heart.' Stom'achus, CARDIAC 
Orific" ium sinis'trum seu Ingres'sus supe'rior 
ventric'uli. The superior or oesophageal orifice 
of the stomach, - Orijic"turn ventric'uli sinis'- 
trum. Also, the Heart. 
CAR'DIAC, Cardi'acus, from Kap&ia, 'the 
heart;' or the upper orifice of the stomach. (F.) 
Cardiaque. Relating to the heart or to the upper 
orifice of the stomach. A cordial. 
Cardiac Ar'teries, Cor'onary arteries', (F.) 
Arteres cardiaques ou coronaires, are two in 
number. They arise from the aorta, a little above 
the free edge of the sigmoid valves, and are dis- 
tributed on both surfaces of the heart. 
Car'diac Gan'glion, Gan'glion cardi'acum, 
situated beneath the arch of the aorta to the 
right side of the ligament of the ductus arteriosus. 
It receives the superior cardiac nerves of opposite 
sides of the neck, and a branch from the pneu- 
mogastric, and gives off numerous branches to 
the cardiac plexuses. 
Cardiac Nerves, (F.) Nerfs cardiaques. These 
are commonly three on each side; a superior, 
middle and inferior, which are furnished by cor- 
responding cervieal ganglia. Commonly, there 
ar3 but two on the left side; the upper and mid- 
dle, which draw their origin from the last two 
cervical ganglia. Scarpa calls the superior - 
Cardi'acus superficia'lis; the middle-C. profun'- 
dus seu C. magnus ; and the inferior - C. parvus 
seu minor. There are, besides, Cardiac fil'aments, 
(F.) Filets cardiaques, furnished by the par va- 
guni or pneumo-gastric nerve, which become 
confounded with the above. 
Cardiac Plexus, Plexus cardi'acus. There 
are three cardiac plexuses. 1. The great cardiac 
plexus is situated upon the bifurcation of the tra- 
chea. It is formed by the convergence of the middle 
and inferior cardiac nerves: and by branches 
from the pneumogastric, descendens noni, and 
first thoracic ganglion. 2. The anterior cardiac 
plexus is situated in front of the ascending aorta 
near its origin. It is formed by filaments from 
the superior cardiac nerves; from the cardiac 
ganglion; and from the great cardiac plexus. 
Filaments from this plexus accompany the left 
coronary artery, and form the anterior coronary 
plexus. 3. The posterior cardiac plexus is seated 
upon the posterior part of the ascending aorta 
near its origin. It is formed by numerous branches 
from the great cardiac plexus. It divides into 
two sets of branches, which together constitute 
the posterior coronary plexus. 
Cardiac Veins, Coronary veins, (F.) Veines 
Cardiaques, are commonly four in number; two 
anterior and two posterior. They open into the 
right auricle by one orifice, which is furnished 
with a valve, and is called, by Portal, Sinus coro- 
naire du Coeur. 
CARDIACA CRISPA, Leonurus cardiaca - 
c. Passio, Cardialgia - c. Trilobata, Leonurus 
cardiaca - c. Vulgaris, Leonurus cardiaca. 
CARDIACUS, Cordial, Stomachal. 
CARDIAGMUS, Cardialgia. 
CARDI'/kGRA, Affec'tio arthrit'ica cordis; 
from Kapiia, ' the heart,' and a-ypa, ' seizure.' 
Gout of the heart. 
CARDIAG'RAPHY, Cardiagra'phia, from 
rapJta, 'the heart,' and ypu0»;, 'a description.' 
An anatomical description of the heart. 
CARDIAL'GIA, Cardi'aca Passio, Col'ica 
Ventric'uli, Spasmus Ventric'uli, Perodyn'ia, 
Cordo'lium, Cardilce' a, Dyspepsodyn'ia, Dyspep- 
siodyn'ia, Dyspeptodyn'ia, Peratodyn'ia, Car- 
diod'yne, Gastral' gia, Gasteral' gia, Gastrocol'ia, 
Gastrod'yne, Pas'sio Cardi'aca, Stomachal'gia, 
Stomacal'gia, Gastrodyn'ia, Cardi'acus Morbus, 
Cardiog'mus, Cardialgy; from sapbia, 'the car- 
diac orifice of the stomach,' and aXyoj, 'pain.' 
171 
CARDIOSTENOSIS 
Pain of the stomach, (F.) Douleur de VEstomac, 
D. nivralgique de I'Estomac. Also, Heartburn, 
(F.) Cardialgie, Ardeur d'Estomac, A. du Coeur. 
Impaired appetite, with gnawing or burning pain 
in the stomach or epigastrium,-Morsus vel ardor 
ventric'uli, Morsus stom'ach.i, Soda, Limo'sis car- 
dial'gia mordens, Rosio Stom'achi seu Ventric'- 
uli:-a symptom of dyspepsia. 
Cardialgia Inflammatoria, Gastritis - c. 
Sputatoria, Pyrosis. 
CARDIALOG"IA, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
and loyoj, 'a discourse.' A treatise on the heart 
CARDIANASTROPHE, Ectopia cordis. 
CAUDI ARC TIE, Heart, concentric hypertro- 
phy of the. 
CARDIA'RIUS; same etymology. A name 
given to a worm, said to have been found in the 
heart or pericardium. 
CARDIATOM'IA, from Kapha, 'the heart, 
and regveiv, 'to cut' Dissection of the heart. 
CARDIATROPHIA, Heart, atrophy of the, 
CARDIAUXE, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
CARDIECTASIS, see Aneurism of the heart 
- c. Partialis, Aneurism of the heart. 
CARDIELCOSIS; from Kapha, 'the heart,* 
and 'cXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the heart 
CARDIETHMOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
CARDIEURYSMA, Aneurism of the heart 
CARDILJEA, Cardialgia. 
CARDIM'ELECH, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
and "1%, Melek, (Hebr.,) ' a governor.' A sup- 
positious active principle seated in the heart, and 
governing the vital functions.-Dolaeus. 
CARDINAL FLOWER, Lobelia cardinalis - 
c. Blue, Lobelia syphilitica. 
CARDINAL PLANT, Lobelia cardinalis. 
CARDINAMENTUM, Ginglymus, Gomphosis. 
CARDIOBOTjANUM, Centaurea benedicta. 
CARDIOCE'LE, from Kapha, 'the heart,' and 
Kr)Xn, ' rupture.' Hernia of the heart, especially 
into the abdominal cavity. 
CARDIOCLASIE, Cardiorrhexis. 
CARDIOD'YNE, Cardiodyn'ia; from Kapha, 
'the heart, the stomach,' and o<5vy>j, 'pain.' Pain 
in the heart. Also, Cardialgia. 
Cardiodyne Spasmodica Intermittens, An- 
gina pectoris. 
CARDIOG'MUS. Hippocrates employed this 
word synonymously with cardialgia. In the time 
of Galen it was used, by some writers, for certain 
pulsations of the heart, analogous to palpitations. 
Sauvages understood by Cardiogmus an aneurism 
of the heart or great vessels, when still obscure. 
Also, Angina pectoris. 
Cardiogmus Cordis Sinistri, Angina pectoris. 
CARDIOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis seu Mala'ci a 
seu Malax'is seu Mollit"ies Cordis, (F.) Ramol- 
lissement du Coeur, from Kapha, 'the heart,' and 
paXaKia, ' softness.' Softening of the heart, caused 
by inflammation of the organ, or a consequence 
of some lesion of the function of nutrition. 
CARDIOMYOLIPOSIS, Steatosis cordis. 
CARDIONCHI, see Aneurism. 
CARDIONEURALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
CARDIOPALMUS, Cardiotromus. 
CARDIOPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
CARDIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus cordis; 
from Kapha, 'the heart,' and pevpa, 'defluxion, 
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the heart. 
CARDIORRHEX'IS, Cardioclasie, (Piorry,) 
Ruptu'ra cordis, (F.) Rupture du Coeur, from 
Kapha, 'the heart,' and 'laceration.' Lace- 
ration of the heart. 
CARDIOSCLEROSIE, (Piorry) from Kapha, 
'the heart,' and asXrpos, 'hard.' (F.) Endurcisse- 
went du Coeur. Induration of the heart. 
CARDIOSTENO'StS, Stenocar'dia, from Kap. CARDIOTRAUMA 
ha, 'the heart,' and otevoxtij, 'contraction.' Con- 
traction of the openings of the heart. 
CARDIOTRAU'MA, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
and rpavpa, ' a wound.' A wound of the heart. 
CARDIOT'ROMUS, Palpita'tio Cordis trep'- 
idans, Car diopal' mus, Trepida'tio Cordis, from 
Kapha, ' the heart,' and rpo/ioj, ' tremor.' Rapid 
and feeble palpitation, or fluttering of the heart. 
CARDIOT'ROTUS, from Kapha, 'the heart,' 
and rirpoaKoi, ' I wound.' One affected with a 
wound of the heart.-Galen. 
CARDIPERICARDITIS, see Pericarditis. 
CARDITE, Carditis. 
CARDI'TIS, from Kapha, 'the heart, and the 
termination itis. Inflammation of the fleshy 
substance of the heart. Empres'ma Cardi'tis, 
Injiamma'tio Cordis, Inflamma'tio Cardi'tis, Cau- 
ma Cardi'tis, Myocardi'tis, Cardi'tis Muscula'ris, 
(F.) Inflammation du Cueur, Cardite. The symp- 
toms of this affection are by no means clear. 
They are often confounded with those of pericar- 
ditis, or inflammation of the membrane investing 
the heart. Carditis, indeed, with many, includes 
both the inflammation of the investing membrane 
and that of the heart itself. See Pericarditis, and 
Endocarditis. 
Carditis Externa, Pericarditis-c. Interna, 
Endocarditis - c. Muscularis, Carditis-c. Mem- 
branosa, Pericarditis-c. Polyposa, Polypi of the 
heart-e. Serosa, Pericarditis. 
CARDO, Ginglymus. 
CARDOPATIUM, Carlina acaulis. 
CARDUUS ALTILIS, Cynara scolymus - c. 
Benedictus, Centaurea benedicta-c. Brazilianus, 
Bromelia ananas - c. Domesticus capite majori, 
Cynara scolymus - c. Hemorrhoidalis, Cirsium 
arvense. 
Car'duus Maria'nus, Car'duus Ma'ria, Sil'y- 
bum, S. Maria'num seu macida'tum, Carthamus 
macula'tus, Cir'sium macula' turn, Car'duus lac'- 
teus, Spina alba, Common Milk Thistle, or Ladies' 
Thistle, (F.) Chardon-Marie. The herb is a bitter 
tonic. The seeds are oleaginous. It is not used. 
Carduus Pineus, Atractylis gummifera - c. 
Sativus, Carthamns tinctorius - c. Sativus non- 
spinosus, Cynara scolymus - c. Solstitialis, Cen- 
taurea calcitrapa-c. Stellatus, Centaurea calci- 
trapa-c. Tomentosus, Onopordium acanthium- 
c. Veneris, Dipsacus fullonum. 
CAREBARESIS, Carebaria. 
CAREBA'RIA or CAREBARI'A, Carebare'- 
sis, from Kapn, ' the head,' and flapos, ' w'eight.' 
Scordine'ma, Cereba'ria, Scordinis'mus, Cardine'- 
ma. Heaviness of the head.-Hippocrates, Galen. 
CARE'NA, Kare'na. The twenty-fourth part 
of a drop.-Ruland and Johnson. 
CAREUM, Carum. 
CAREX ARENARIA, SarsaparillaGermanica. 
CARIACOU. A beverage, used in Cayenne, 
and formed of a mixture of cassava, potato, and 
sugar fermented. 
CARICA, Ficus carica. 
Car'ica Papa'ya, Papaw tree, (F.) Papayer. 
Ord. Artocarpeae. A native of America, India, 
and Africa. The fruit has somewhat of the fla- 
vour of the pumpkin, and is eaten like it. The 
milky juice of the plant and the seed and root 
have been regarded as anthelmintic. 
CAR'ICUM. Said to have been named after 
its inventor Caricus. Car'y cum. A detergent 
application to ulcers; composed of black helle- 
bore, sandaraeh, copper, lead, sulphur, orpiment, 
cantharides, and oil of cedar.-Hippocrates. 
CAR1E, Caries-c. des Dents, Dental gangrene. 
CARIE, Carious. 
CA'RIES, Ni</rit"ies Os'sium. An ulceration 
of bone, - Necrosis being death of a bone. It 
resembles the gangrene of soft parts. Hence it 
172 
CARNATION 
has been termed Caries gangrceno'sa, Gangrce'na 
Ca'ries, G. Os'sium, Tere'do, Arro'sio, Euros, (F.) 
Carie. It is recognised by the swelling of the 
bone which precedes and accompanies it; by the 
abscesses it occasions; the fistulas which form ; 
the sanious character, peculiar odour and quan- 
tity of the suppuration, and by the evidence 
afforded by probing. The most common causes 
of caries are blows; - the action of some virus, 
and morbid diathesis. When dependent on any 
virus in the system, this must be combated by 
appropriate remedies. When entirely local, it 
must be converted, where practicable, into a state 
of necrosis or death of the affected part. For 
this end stimulants, the actual cautery, <fcc., are 
applied. 
Caries, Dentium, Dental gangrene-c. Puden- 
doruin, see Chancre-c. of the Vertebrae, Verte- 
bral disease - c. Vertebrarum, Vertebral disease. 
CARIEUX, Carious. 
CARIM CURINI, Justitia ecbolium. 
CARI'NA, ' a ship's keel.' The vertebral co- 
lumn, especially of the foetus. Also, the breast- 
bone bent inwards. Hence, Pectus carina'tum : 
-the chest affected with such deformity. 
CA'RIOUS, Cario'sus, Euro'des, (F.) Carit, 
Oarieur. Affected with caries. 
CARIUM TERRAi, Calx. 
CARIVE, Myrtus pimenta. 
CARIVILLANDI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
CARLINA, 'Carline Thistle.' 
Carli'na Acaul'is, C. chamcs'leon, Chama'- 
leon album, Cardopa'tium, (F.) Carliue sans tige, 
which grows in the Pyrenees, and on the moun- 
tains of Switzerland, Italy, &c., has been recom- 
mended as a tonic, emmenagogue, and sudorific. 
Carlina Chameleon, C. acaulis. 
CAR LINE SANS TIGE, Carlin a acaulis. 
CARLO SANCTO RADIX. 'St. Charles's 
Root': found in Mechoachan, in America. The 
bark is aromatic, bitter and acrid. It is consi- 
dered to be sudorific, and to strengthen the gums 
and stomach. 
CARLSBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Carlsbad is a town in Bohemia, 24 miles from 
Egra, celebrated for its hot baths. The water 
contains about 47 parts in the 100 of purging 
salts. It is athermal saline; temperature 121° 
to 167° Fahrenheit. The constituents are-car- 
bonic acid, sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, 
and chloride of sodium. 
CARMANTINE, Justitia pcctoralis-c. Pecto- 
rals, Justitia pectoralis. 
CARMEN, ' a verse.' An amulet. A charm, 
which, of old, often consisted of a verse. See 
Charm. 
CARMINANTIA, Carminatives. 
CARMINATIVA, Carminatives. 
CARMIN'ATIVES, Carminan'tia seu Carmi- 
•nati'va, from carmen, 'a verse,' or 'charm,' An- 
tiphys'ica, Physago'ga, Xan'tica, (F.) Carmina- 
tifs. Remedies which allay pain, 'like a charm,' (?) 
by causing the expulsion of flatus from the ali- 
mentary canal. They are generally of the class 
of aromatics. 
The Four Greater Carminative Hot Seeds, 
Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida majo'ra carminati'va, 
were, of old, anise, carui, cummin, and fennel. 
The Four Lesser Carminative Hot Seeds, 
Quat'uor sem'ina cal'ida mino'ra, were bishop's 
weed, stone parsley, smallage, and wild carrot. 
CARMOT. A name given, by the alchymists, 
to the matter which they believed to constitute 
the Philosopher's stone. 
CARNABADIA, Carum, (seed.) 
CARNABADIUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
CARNATIO, Syssarcosis. 
CARNATION, Dianthus caryophyllus. CARNELIAN 
CARNELIAN, Cornelian. 
CARNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
CAR'NEOUS, Car' neons, Carno'sus, Sarco'des, 
fncarna'tus, from caro, 'flesh.' (F.) Charnu. 
Consisting of flesh, or resembling flesh. 
Carneous Columns, Fleshy Columns, Colum'- 
niB Carnece, of the heart, (F.) Colonnes charnites, 
are muscular projections, situate in the cavities 
of the heart. They are called, also, Mus'culi Pa- 
pilla'res. 
Carneous Fibres, Fleshy Fibres, Mus'cular 
Fibres, (F.) Fibres charnues ou mnsculaires, are 
fibres belonging to a muscle. 
CARNEUM MARSUPIUM, Ischio-trochan- 
terianus. 
CARNIC'ULA. Diminutive of caro, 'flesh.' 
The gum,-Gingiva.-Fallopius. 
CARNIFICA'TIO, Carnitication - c. Pulmo- 
num, Hepatisation of the lungs. 
CARNIFICA'TION, Carnifica'tio, from caro, 
'flesh,' and fieri,'to become.' Transformation 
into flesh. A morbid state of certain organs, in 
which the tissue acquires a consistence like that 
of fleshy or muscular parts. It is sometimes ob- 
served in hard parts, the texture becoming sof- 
tened, as in Osteosarcoma. When it occurs in 
the lungs, they present a texture like that of 
liver. Such is the condition of the foetal lung. 
CARNIFOR'MIS ABSCES'SUS. An abscess, 
which ordinarily occurs, in the neighbourhood of 
the articulations, and whose orifice is hard, the 
sides thick and callous.-M. A. Severinus. 
CARNIV'OROUS, Carniv'orus, Sarcopha- 
gus, Creatoph'ague, Creoph'agus, (F.) Carnivore, 
from caro, ' flesh,' and voro, ' I eat.' That which 
eats flesh. Any substance which destroys excres- 
cences in wounds, ulcers, &c. 
CARNOSA CUTIS, Panniculus carnosus. 
CARNOS'ITAS, (F.) CarnosM, from caro, 
'flesh.' A fleshv excrescence. 
CARNOS'ITIES OF THE URE'THRA, Car'- 
uncles in the Ure'thra, (F.) ou Oaron- 
cules de Vuritre. Small fleshy excrescences or 
fungous growths, which were, at one time, pre- 
sumed to exist in the male urethra, whenever re- 
tention of urine followed gonorrhoea. 
M. Cullerier uses the term Carnosite vtnirienne 
for a cutaneous, cellular, and membranous tu- 
mour, dependent upon the syphilitic virus. See, 
also, Polysarcia. 
CARNOSUS, Carneous. 
CARO, Flesh-c. Accessoria, see Flexor longus 
digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (accesso- 
rius)-c. Excrescens, Excrescence-c. Fungosa, 
Fungosity-c. Glandulosa, Epiglottic gland - c. 
Luxurians, Fungosity-c. Orbicularis, Placenta- 
c. Parenchymatica, Parenchyma-c. Quadrata, 
Palmaris brevis-c. Quadratus Sylvii, see Flexor 
longus digitorum pedis profundus perforans, (ac- 
cessorius)- c. Viscerum, Parenchyma. 
CAROB TREE, Ceratonia siliqua. 
CAROBA ALNABATI, Ceratonium siliqua. 
CARODES, Carotic. 
CAROLI, see Chancre. 
CAROLI'NA, NORTH, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. In the counties of Warren, Montgomery, 
Rockingham, Lincoln, Buncomb, and Rowan, 
there are mineral springs. They belong gene- 
rally to the sulphureous or acidulous saline. 
CAROLINA, SOUTH, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. They are numerous. Pacolet Springs, on 
the west bank of Pacolet River, contain sulphur 
and iron. Many, with similar properties, but not 
held in estimation, are scattered about the State. 
CARONCULE, Caruncle-c. Lachrymale, Ca- 
runcle. 
CARONCULES MYRTIFORMES, Carun- 
173 
CARPHOLOGIA 
culm myrtiformcs - c. de V Uretre, Carnosities ot 
the urethra. 
CAROPI, Amomuin cardamomum. 
CAROSIS, Somnolency. 
CAROTA, see Daucus carota. 
CAROT'IC, Carot'icus, Carot'id, Carot'idus, 
Caro'des, Com'atose, from Kayos, 'stupor.' (F.) 
Carotique. Relating to stupor or carus- as a 
carotic state,-or to the carotids. 
Carotic Arteries, Carotids - c. Ganglion, 
see Carotid Nerve - c. Nerve, Carotid nerve - c. 
Plexus, see Carotid Nerve. 
CAROTICA, Narcotics. 
CAROTICUS, Carotic. 
CAROTID, Carotic. 
CAROT'IDS, Carat'ides, Carot'ica, Carotidece, 
Capita'les, Jugula.'res, Sopora' les, Sopora'ria, So- 
porif' era, Somnif era, Apoplec1tica, Lethar' gica 
(Arte'ria), the Carot'id Ar'teries, Cephal'ic Arte- 
ries, (F.) Arte res Carat ides ; from Kayos, 'stupor.' 
The great arteries of the neck, which carry blood 
to the head. They are divided into, 1. Primitive 
or common; the left of which arises from the 
aorta, and the right from a trunk, common to it 
and the subclavian. 2. External or pericephal'ic, 
branch of the primitive, which extends from the 
last to the neck of the condyle of the lower jaw; 
and, 3. Internal, Arte'ria cerebra'lis vel ence- 
phal'ica, another branch of the primitive, which, 
arising at the same place as the external, enters 
the cranium, and terminates on a level with the 
fissure of Sylvius, dividing into several branches. 
Carotid or Carotic Canal, Cana'lis Carot'icus, 
Canal inflexe de I'os temporal-(Ch.), Canal caro- 
tidien, is a canal in the temporal bone, through 
which the carotid artery and several nervous 
filaments pass. 
Carotid or Carotic Foramina, Foram'ina Ca- 
rot'ica, (F.) Trous carotidiens, are distinguished 
into internal and external. They are the foram- 
ina at each extremity of the Canalis Caroticus. 
Carotid Ganglion, see Carotid nerve. 
Carotid Nerve, Carotic nerve, Nervus carot'- 
icus. A branch from the superior cervical gan- 
glion of the great sympathetic, which ascends by 
the side of the internal carotid. It divides into 
two portions, which enter the carotid canal, and, 
by their communication with each other and the 
petrosal branch of the vidian, form the carotid 
plexus. They also frequently form a small gan- 
gliform swelling on the under part of the artery 
-the carotic or carotid or cavernous ganglion, 
ganglion of Laumonier. 
Carotid Plexus, see Carotid nerve. 
CAROTTE, Daucus carota. 
CAROUA, Carum, (seed.) 
CAROUBIER, Ceratonium siliqua. 
CAROUGE, see Ceratonium siliqua. 
CARPASA, Carbasa. 
CARPA'SIUM, Car'pasum, and Carpe'sium. 
Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, <tc., have given these 
names, and that of Carpasos, to a plant, which 
cannot now be determined, and whose juice, called 
(?jt>ocar'j>ason, otroKayvaaov, passed for a violent, 
narcotic poison, and was confounded with myrrh. 
CARPATIIICUM, see Pinus cembra. 
CAR PE, Carpus. 
CARPENTARIA, Achillea millefolium. 
CARPESIUM, Carpasium. 
CARPHO'DES, Carphoides, from Kay<f>os, 'floc- 
culus,' and ubos, 'resemblance.' Flocculent, 
stringy; - as mucus carphodes, flocculent or 
stringy mucus. 
CARPHOLOG"IA, Tilmus, Carpolog"ia, Cro- 
cidis'mus, Crocydis'mus,Flocco'rum vena'tio, Floc- 
cile'gium, Tricbolog"ia, (Pocidix'is, Floccila'tion, 
Floccita'tion, from Kay<bos. ' floc'cuius,' and Aryw, 
'I collect,' or 'pluck.' (F.) Carphologie. Actim CARPHOS 
of gathering flocculi. A delirious picking of the 
bed-clothes, as if to seek some substance, or to 
pull the flocculi from them. It denotes great 
cerebral irritability and debility, and is an un- 
favourable sign in fevers, <fcc. 
CARPHOS, Trigonella foenum. 
CARPIA, Linteum. 
CARPI.EUS, Palmaris brevis. 
CAR'PIAL, Car'pian, Carpia'nus, Carpia'lis, 
(F.) Carpien. Belonging to the Carpus. 
Car'pial Lig'amexts, (F.) Ligament* Carpiens, 
are, 1. The fibrous fasciae, which unite the bones 
of the carpus; and, 2. The annular ligaments, 
anterior and posterior. 
CARPIAN, Carpial. 
CARPIEN, Carpial. 
CARPISMUS, Carpus. 
C ARPOB ALS AM UM, see Amyris opobal- 
samum. 
CARPOLOGIA, Carphologia-c. Spasmodica, 
Subsultus tendinum. 
CARPO-METACARPEUS MINIMI DIGI- 
TI, Adductor metaearpi minimi digiti-c. Meta- 
carpien du petit doigt, Opponens minimi digiti- 
c. Metacarpien du pouce, Opponens pollicis - c. 
Phalangeus minimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti 
-c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Abductor minimi 
digiti-c. Phalangien du petit doigt, Flexor par- 
vus minimi digiti-c. Phalangien dupouce, Flexor 
brevis pollicis manus-c. Sus-phalangien dupouce, 
Abductor pollicis brevis. 
CARPO-PEDAL, from carpus, 'the wrist,' and 
pes, pedis, ' the foot' Relating to the wrist and 
foot. 
Carpo-pedal Spasm, Cer'ebral spasmodic 
croup. A spasmodic affection of the chest and 
larynx in young children, accompanied by gene- 
ral or partial convulsions. The disease commonly 
occurs between the third and ninth month, and 
is characterized by excessive dyspnoea, accompa- 
nied by a loud croupy noise on inspiration; the 
thumbs being locked, and the hands and feet 
rigidly bent for a longer or shorter period. The 
seat of the disease is evidently in the cerebro- 
spinal axis, primarily or secondarily: generally, 
perhaps, it is owing to erethism seated elsewhere, 
but communicated to the cerebro-spinal centre, 
and reflected to the respiratory and other muscles 
concerned. It seems to be connected with dental 
irritation, and consequently, in the treatment, 
where such is the case, the gums should be freely 
divided; after which, cathartics and revulsives, 
with the use of narcotics and appropriate diet, 
will generally remove the affection; for although 
extremely alarming, it is often not attended with 
great danger. See Asthma thymieum. 
CARPOS, Fruit. 
CARPOT'ICA, from icapiros, 'fruit.* Diseases 
affecting impregnation. Irregularity, difficulty 
or danger produced by parturition :-the 3d or- 
der, class Genetica, of Good. 
CARPUS, Carpis'mus, Brachia'le, Rasce'ta, 
llaste'ta, Hascha, Rase'ta, Raset'ta, the wrist. 
(F.) Carpe, Poignet. The part between the fore- 
arm and hand. Eight bones compose it, (in two 
rows.) In the superior row there are, from with- 
out to within - the Scaphoides or navicula're, 
Luna're or semiluna're, Cuneifor'me, and Orbicu- 
l.i're or pisifor'me. In the lower row-Trape'- 
tium, Trapezdides, Magnum, and Uncifor'me. 
CARRAGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
CARRE DE LA CUISSE, Quadratus femoris 
--c. des Lombes, Quadratus lumborum - c. du 
Menton, Depressor lubii inferioris - c. du Pied, 
Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
CARRE AU, Tabes mesenterica. 
CARTILAGO 
CARREE, see Flexor longus digitorum pedis 
profundus perforans, (accessorius.) 
CARRELET, (F.) Aeus triangula'ris. A 
straight needle, two or three inches long, the 
point of which is triangular; and which the 
ancients used in different operations. Also, a 
wooden, triangular frame for fixing a cloth 
through which different pharmaceutical prepara- 
tions are passed. 
CARROT, CANDY, Athamanta cretensis-c. 
Deadly, Thapsia-c. Plant, Daucus carota. 
CART1IAMUS MACULATUS, Carduus ma- 
rianus. 
Car'thamus Tincto'rius, Am'yron, Cnicus, 
Crocus German'icus, Crocus Saracen'icus, Car'- 
thamum offlcina' rum, Car'duus sati'vus, Safra'- 
num, Saffron-flower, Safflower, Bastard Saffron, 
Dyer's Saffron, (F.) Carthame, Safran bdtard, 
Carthame des Teinturiers. Family, Cynaroee- 
phaleae. Sex. Syst. Syngcnesia Polygamia aequa- 
lis. The seeds are aromatic, cathartic, and diu- 
retic ; yet to the parroquet they are an article of 
food; hence their name, Graines de Parroquet. 
The flowers, Car'thamus, (Ph. U.S.) are employed 
as a cosmetic, and are a reputed diaphoretic. [ ? ] 
CARTIIEGON, see Buxus. 
CAR'TILAGE, Chondros, Car'tilago, (F.) Car- 
tilage. A solid part of the animal body, of a 
medium consistence between bone and ligament, 
which in the foetus is a substitute for bone, but 
in the adult exists only in the joints, at the 
extremities of the ribs, Ac. Cartilages are of a 
whitish colour, flexible, compressible, and very 
elastic, and some of them apparently inorganic. 
They are composed, according to J. Davy, of .44 
albumen, .55 water, and .01 phosphate of lime. 
CARTILAGE ANONYME, Cricoid, (carti- 
lage)-c. Epiglottic, Epiglottis-c. Mucroni, Xi- 
phoid Cartilage-c. Supra-arytenoid, Corniculum 
laryngis-c. Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
Cartilages, Articular, Obdu'cent Car'tilages, 
invest bony surfaces, which are in contact; hence 
they are called investing or incrusting cartilages, 
(F.) Cartilages de revetement ou d'encroutement. 
Cartilages, Interarticular, are such as are 
situate within the joints, as in the knee joint. 
Cartilages of Ossifica'tion are such as, in 
the progress of ossification, have to form an in- 
tegrant part of bones ; as those of the long bones 
in the new-born infant. They are termed tem- 
porary; the others being permanent. All the 
cartilages, with the exception of the articular, 
are surrounded by a membrane analogous to the 
periosteum, called Perichon'drium. 
Cartilages of the Ribs are, in some respects, 
only prolongations of the ribs. Those of the nose, 
of the meatus auditorius, and Eustachian tube, 
present a similar arrangement. Other cartilages 
resemble a union of fibrous and cartilaginous tex- 
tures ; hence their name Fibro-cartilages. 
Cartilages, Semilunar, see Semilunar - c. 
Sigmoid, Semilunar cartilages. 
CARTILAGINES GUTTURALES, Aryte- 
noid cartilages-c. Semilunares, Semilunar carti- 
lages-c. Sigmoidete, Semilunar cartilages. 
Cartilaginis Arytenoidajje Capitulum, Cor- 
niculum laryngis. 
CARTILAG"INOUS, Cartilagin'eus, Cartila- 
gino'sus, Chondro'des, Chondro'i'dcs, (F.) Carti- 
lagineux. Belonging to, or resembling cartilage. 
Cartilaginous, Tissue, see Tissue. 
CARTILAGO, Cartilage-c. Clypealis, Thy- 
roid cartilage - c. Ensiformis, Xiphoid cartilage 
- c. Guttalis, Arytenoid cartilage - c. Innomi- 
nata, Cricoid-c. Mucronata, Xiphoid cartilage- 
c. Peltalis, Thyroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage 
- c. Scutiformis, Thyroid cartilage - c. Uvifer, 
Uvula-c. Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage. 
174 CARUM 
CARUM, from Caria, a province of Asia. 
A'pium carvi, Bu'nium carvi, Ligus'ticum carvi, 
Ses'eli carvi sen carum, Slum carvi, Ca'reum, 
Carum car'vi, Carvi, Cumi'num praten'se, Carus, 
Car'uon, the Car'away, (F.) Carvi, Cumin des 
pres. Family, Umbelliferaj. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
dria Digynia. The seeds, CarnaWdia, Car'oua, 
are carminative. Dose, gr. x to gij, swallowed 
whole or bruised. The oil, Oleum Car'ui, (F.) 
Huile de carvi, has the properties of the seeds. 
Dose, gtt. ij to vj. 
Carum Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocasta- 
num. 
CAR'UNCLE, Carun'cula, diminutive of caro, 
' flesh.' A small portion of flesh, Sar'cium, Sar- 
cid'ium. A fleshy excrescence,-Ecphy'ma car- 
un'cula, (F.) Caroncule. 
Caruncle, Carnositas. 
Caruncles in the Urethra, Carnosities. 
Carun'cula Lachryma'lis, (F.) Caroncule 
lacrymale. A small, reddish, follicular body, 
situate at the innor angle of the eye. It secretes 
a gummv substance. 
CARUNCULAE CUTICULARES, Nymphse. 
Caruncula: Mamilla'res. The extremities 
of the lactiferous tubes in the nipples. The 
olfactory nerves have been so called by some. 
Caruncula: Myrtifor'mes, 0. Vagina'les, 
Glan'dulce myrtifor'mes, (F.) Caroncules myrti- 
formes. Small, reddish tubercles, more or less 
firm, of variable form', and uncertain number, 
situate near the orifice of the vagina, and formed 
by the mucous membrane. They are regarded 
as the remains of the hymen. 
Caruncula: Papillares, Papillae of the kid- 
ney. 
CARUN'CULOUS, Carun' cular. Relating to 
caruncles or carnosities. 
CARUON, Carum. 
CARUS, Kapos, Sopor caro'ticus, Profound sleep. 
The last degree of coma, with complete insensi- 
bility, which no stimulus can remove, even for a 
few instants. Sopor, Coma, Lethargia, and Ca- 
ms, are four degrees of the same condition. 
Carus Apoplexia, Apoplexy - c. Asphyxia, 
Asphyxia-c. Catalepsia, Catalepsy-c. Ecstasis, 
Ecstasis-c. Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus in- 
ternus-c. ab Insolatione, Coup de soleil-c. Le- 
thargus, Lethargy-c. Lethargus cataphora, Som- 
nolency - c. Lethargus vigil, Coma vigil - c. 
Paralysis, Paralysis - c. Paralysis paraplegia, 
Paraplegia-c. Veternus, Lethargy. 
CARVI, Carum. 
CARYA, Juglans regia - c. Basilica, Juglans 
regia. 
CARYEDON CATAGMA, see Fracture. 
CARYOCOST'INUS, Caryocostinum. An elec- 
tuary prepared of the costus and other aromatic 
substances, &c. It was cathartic. See Confectio 
scammoniae. 
CAR YON PONTICON, Corylus avellana 
(nut.) 
CARYOPHYLLA, Geum urbanum. 
CARYOPHYLLATA AQUATICA, Geum ri- 
valc-c. Nutans. Geum rivale-e. Urbana, Geum 
urbanum-c. Vulgaris, Geum urbanum. 
CARYOPHYLLUM RUBRUM, Dianthus ca- 
ryophyllus. 
CARYOPHYLLUS AMERICANUS, see Myr- 
tus pimenta-c. Aromaticus, Eugenia caryophyl- 
lata - c. Hortensis, Dianthus caryophyllus - c. 
Pimenta, Myrtus Pimenta-c. Vulgaris, Geum 
urbanum. 
CARYO'TI. The best kind of dates.-Galen. 
CAS RABES (F.), Bare cases. This term is 
used, by the French, for pathological facts, which 
Vary from what is usual. See a celebrated article 
175 
CASSIA 
under this head in the Dictionnaire det Sciences 
Medicales, Vol. IV. 
CASAMUM, Cyclamen. 
CASAMUNAR, Cassumuniar. 
CAS'CARA, CASCARIL'LA. Spanish words, 
which signify bark and little bark, under which 
appellations the bark (Cinchona) is known in 
Peru. They are now applied to the bark of Cro- 
ton cascarilla. The bark-gatherers are called 
Cascarilleros. 
CASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
CASCARILLEROS, see Cascara. 
CASC1IEU, Catechu. 
CASE, Capsa, Theca, (F.) Caisse. This name 
is given to boxes for the preservation of instru- 
ments, or of medicines necessary in hospital or 
other service. We say, e. g. - A case of ampu- 
tating, or of trepanning instruments. 
Case, Casus, from cadere, casum, ' to fall.' 
The condition of a patient; - as a case of fever, 
Ac. (Y.) Observation. Also, the history of a disease. 
CASEARIUS, Cheesy. 
CA'SEIN, Caseine, Ca'seum, Galactine, Ca- 
seous matter ; from caseus, 1 cheese.' The only 
nitrogenized constituent of milk. It is identical 
in composition with the chief constituents of 
blood,-fibrin and albumen, all being compounds 
of protein. A similar principle exists in the vege- 
table, Vegetable Casein or Legu'min, Veg"etable 
Gluten. It is chiefly found in leguminous seeds 
-peas, beans, lentils. Like vegetable albumen, 
Casein is soluble in water; and the solution is 
not coagulable by heat. 
Casein, Blood, Globulin. 
CASEOSUS, Cheesy. 
CASEOUS MATTER, Casein. 
CASEUM, Casein. 
CASEUS, Cheese-c. Equinus, Hippace. 
CASEUX, Cheesy. 
CASHEW, Anacardium occidentale. 
CASJIOO. An aromatic drug of Hindoostan, 
said to possess pectoral virtues. 
CASHOW, Catechu. 
CASIA, Laurus cassia. 
CASMINA, Cassumuniar. 
CASMONAR, Cassumuniar. 
CASSA, Thorax. 
CASSADA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
CASSAVA ROOT, Jatropha manihot. 
CASSE AROMATIQUE, Laurus cassia - c. 
en Batons, Cassia fistula-c. en Bois, Laurus cas- 
sia- c. des Boutiques, Cassia fistula - e. Sine, 
Cassia senna. 
CASSE-LUNETTES, Cyanus segetum, Eu- 
phrasia officinalis. 
CASSEENA, Ilex vomitoria. 
CASSENOLES, see Quercus infectoria. 
CASSIA, Laurus cassia-c. Absus, Absus - c. 
Acutifolia, C. senna-c. C. senna - 
c. Alexandria, C. fistula - c. Bonplandiana, C. 
fistula. 
Cassia Ciiamazcris'ta, Prairie senna, Par- 
tridge Pea, Wild Senna. An indigenous plant, 
Fam. Leguminosas, which flowers in August. It 
resembles Cassia Marilandica in properties. 
Cassia Cinnamomea, Laurus cassia--c. Ca- 
ryophyllata, Myrtus caryophyllata - c. Canella, 
Laurus cassia - c. Egyptian, Cassia senna - c. 
Excelsa, C. fistula. 
Cas'sta Fis'tcla, Cas'sia nigra, Cassia fistu- 
la'ris, C. Alexandri'na seu excel'sa seu Bonplan- 
dia'na, Canna, Canna soluti'va, Canna fistula, 
Cathartocar'pus, Bactyrilo'bium fis'tula, Purging 
Cassia, (F.) Casse Caneficier, Casse en Batons, 
Casse des Boutiques. The pulp of Cassia FIs' 
tula or Cathartocar'pus Fistula; Fam. Legumi- 
nosm; Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Pulpts 
Cas'sice, Cas»i<B Aramcn'tum, Cassia Fistulse CASSIA? ARAMENTUM 
Pulpa, (Ph. U. S.), which is obtained in long 
pods, is black, bright, and shining; sweet, slightly 
acid, and inodorous. It is laxative in the dose 
of 3iv to gj. 
Cassia Lanceolata, C. senna - c. Lignea, 
Lauras cassia - c. Lignea Malabarica, Laurus 
cassia. 
Cassia Marilan'dica, Senna America'na, 
American Senna, U-7W Senna, Locust plant, (F,) 
Sene d'Amerique. The leaves of this plant are 
similar, in virtue, to those of cassia senna. They 
are, however, much inferior in strength. 
Cassia Nigra, C. fistula - c. Officinalis, C. 
senna-c. Orientals, C. senna-c. Purging, Cas- 
sia fistula. 
Cassia Senna, C. lanceola'ta sen acutifo'lia 
seu orienta'lis seu ojfficina'lie. The name of the 
plant which affords senna. It is yielded, how- 
ever, by several species of the genus cassia. The 
leaves of senna, Senna Folia, Senna Alexandri'- 
na, Senna Ital'ica, Sena, Senna or 
Cassia, (F.) Sene, Casse Stne, have a faint smell, 
and bitterish taste. The active part, by some 
called Cathartin, is extracted by alcohol and 
water. Their activity is injured by boiling water. 
They are a hydragogue cathartic, and apt to 
gripe. Dose of the powder, 3j to 31- Infusion 
is the best form. 
The varieties of senna, in commerce, are Tin- 
nivelly Senna, Bombay or Common India Senna, 
Alexandrian Senna, Tripoli Senna, and Aleppo 
Senna. 
CASSIA? ARAMENTUM, see Cassia fistula- 
c. Fistulas pulpa, see Cassia fistula - c. Flores, 
see Laurus cinnamomum. 
CASSIALA, IIvssopus. 
CASSIDA GALERICULATA, Scutellaria ga- 
lericulata. 
CASSIDE BLEUE, Scutellaria galericulata. 
CASSINA, Ilex vomitoria. 
CASSINE CAROLINIANA, Ilex paraguensis 
-c. Evergreen, Ilex vomitoria-c. Peragua, Ilex 
paraguensis. 
CASSIS, Ribes nigrum. 
CASSITEROS, Tin. 
CASSUMU'NIAR, Oasamu'nar, Casmonar, 
Zerumbet, Casmina, Ri'sagon, Ben'gale Indo'rum, 
Bengal Boot, (F.) Racine de Bengale. A root, 
obtained from the East Indies, in irregular slices 
of various forms; some cut transversely, others 
longitudinally. It is an aromatic bitter, and is 
consequently tonic and stimulant. It was once 
considered a panacea, and has been referred to 
Zingiber Cassumuniar, Z. Clifford'ia seu purpu- 
reum, Amo'mum monta'num, and to Zingiber Ze- 
rumbet, Z. spurium, Amo'mum Zerumbet seu syl- 
ves'tre. 
CASSUVIUM POMIFERUM, Anacardium 
occidentale. 
CAS'SYTA FILIFORM'IS. A South African 
plant, Nat. Ord. Laurineae, which is employed 
by the Cape colonists as a wash in scald head, 
and as an antiparasitic. 
CAST, Caste. 
CASTALIA SPECIOSA, Nymphsea alba. 
CASTANEA, Fagus castanea, see also Fagus 
castanea pumila-c. Equina, TEsculus Hippocas- 
tanum--c. Pumila, Fagus castanea pumila. 
CASTE, Cast, from (P.) Casta, 'race or lineage.' 
A name given, by the Portuguese in India, to 
classes of society, divided according to occupa- 
tions, which have remained distinct from the 
earliest times. Hence a separate and fixed order 
or class. See Half-caste. 
CASTELLAMARE DI STABIA, WATERS 
OF. Castellamare di Stabia is a town in Naples, 
in the Principato Citra, 15 miles S. S. E. of Na- 
176 
CATABLEMA 
pies. There are two springs, the one sulphu- 
reous, the other chalybeate. 
CASTELLETTO ADONO, WATERS OF. 
These waters, situate near Acqui, in Italy, are 
sulphureous. 
CASTERA-VIVENT, WATERS OF. Cas- 
tera-Vivent is a small village in the department 
of Gers, near which is a cold acidulous chaly- 
beate, and another which is sulphureous and 
thermal. Temp. 84° Fahrenheit. 
CASTIGANS, Corrigent. 
CASTIGLIO'NIA LOBA'TA, Piftoncillo tree. 
A tree, which is cultivated in some parts of Peru, 
and grows wild in abundance. Its beautiful fruit, 
when roasted, has an agreeable flavour. When 
an incision is made into the stem, a clear bri ght 
liquid flows out, which, after some time, becomes 
black and horny-like. It is a very powerful 
caustic. 
CASTJOE, Catechu. 
CASTLE-LEOD, WATERS OF. A sulphu- 
reous spring in Ross-shire, Scotland, celebrated 
for the cure of cutaneous and other diseases. 
CASTOR BAY, Magnolia glauca. 
Castor Fiber, Fiber, Canis Pon'ticus, the 
Peaver. (F.) Castor. It furnishes the Castor. 
Rondelet recommends slippers made of its skin 
in gout. Its blood, urine, bile, and fat, were for- 
merly used in medicine. 
Castor Oil Plant, Ricinus communis. 
CASTO'REUM, C'aato'rtMin, Castor, Castoreum 
Ros'sicum et Canaden'se, from Kaorwp, ' the bea- 
ver,' quasi yaarup, from ya<rr>;p, 'the belly,' be- 
cause of the size of its belly. (?) A peculiar 
matter found in bags, near the rectum of the 
beaver, Castor fiber. Its odour is strong, unplea- 
sant, and peculiar; taste bitter, subaerid; and 
colour orange brown. It is antispasmodic, and 
often employed. Dose, gr. x to J)j. 
CASTORIN A, from Castoreum, 'castor.' Me- 
dicines containing castor. 
CASTRANGULA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
CASTRAT, Castratus. 
CASTRA'TION, Castra'tio, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, 
Evira'tio, Excastra'tio, Etesticula'tio, Extirpa'tio 
testiculo'rum, Detesta'tio, Exsec'tio viril'ium, Eu- 
nuchis'mus, Orchotom'ia, Orcheot'omy, Orchidot'- 
oruy, (F.) Ck&trure. The operation of removing 
the testicles. Sometimes the term is employed 
for the operation when performed on one testicle; 
hence the division into complete and incomplete 
castration. Castration renders the individual in- 
capable of reproduction. 
CASTRATO, Castratus. 
CASTRA'TUS, (I.) Castra'to, Ectom'ius, 
Emascula'tus, Evira'tus, Exsec'tvs, Desec'tvs, Ex- 
testicula'tus, Ex maribus, Intestab'ilis, Intesta'tus, 
Spado, Apoc'opus, Bago'as, from castrore, ' to 
castrate.' (F.) Castrat, Chatre. One deprived 
of testicles. This privation has a great influ- 
ence on the development of puberty. It is 
adopted to procure a clearer and sharper voice; 
and in the East, the guardians of the llarem, for 
the sake of security, are converted into Castra'ti 
or Eu'nuchs, Eunuchs have generally 
both testes and penis removed. 
CASUS, Prolapsus, Symptom - c. Palpebrie 
superioris, Blepharoptosis-er Uvulae, Staphyloe- 
dema. 
CAT TAIL, Typha latifolia. 
CATA, Kara, 'downwards,' 'after,' applied to 
time: at times, it gives additional force to the 
radical word. A common prefix, as in - 
CATAB'ASIS, from Kara/3aiva>, 'I descend.' 
An expulsion of humours downwards. Also, a 
descent, Descen'sus, Descen'sio, - as of the tes- 
ticles, Descen'sus testiculo'rum. 
CATABLE'MA, (Kara and /?aXX«4>>,) CATABYTHISMOMANIA 
- 
' any thing let fall, as a curtain,' Epible'ma, Pe- 
rible'ma. The outermost bandage which secures 
the rest. 
CATABYTIIISMOMA'NIA, from Karafa- 
0<<r/zoj, ' submersion,' and yavia, ' mania.' Insa- 
nity, with a propensity to suicide by drowning. 
CATACASMUS, Cupping, Scarification. 
CATACAUMA, Burn. 
CATACAUSIS, Combustion, human-c. Ebri- 
osa, Combustion, human. 
CATACERAS'TICUS, from KaraKspawvyi, 'I 
temper,' 'I correct.' The same ns Epicerasticus. 
A medicine capable of blunting the acrimony of 
humours. 
CATACHASMOS, Scarification. 
CATACIIRISIS, Inunction. 
CATACIIRISTON, Liniment. 
CATACH'YSIS, Effu'sio, Perfu'sio, from Kara- 
Xtu, ' I pour upon.' Affusion with cold water.- 
Hippocrates. Decantation. 
CATAC'LASIS, from ' I break to 
pieces.' Gam'pylum, Campylo'tis. Distortion, or 
spasmodic fixation of the eyes; spasmodic occlu- 
sion of the eyelids; also, fracture of a bone.- 
Hippocrates, Vogel. 
CATACLEIS'; from Kara, 'beneath,' and kXeij, 
' the clavicle;' ' a lock or fastening,' KaraxAsia, 
(Kara and kXckj), I lock up. This term has been 
applied to many parts, as to the first rib, the 
acromion, the joining of the sternum with the 
ribs, &c. 3 
CATACLEI'SIS, same etymon. A locking up. 
The act of locking up. Morbid union of the eye- 
lids. 
C AT A C L Y S'MUS, Cataclys'ma, Cata'clysis, 
from ' to submerge, inundate.' A 
Clyster. Hippocr. Others mean, by the term, a 
shower-bath, or copious affusion of water; Catce- 
one'sis. Ablution, Douche. 
CATJEONESIS, Catantlema, Cataclysmus. 
CATAGAUNA, Cambogia. 
CATAGMA, Fracture-c. Fissura, Fissure, see 
Contrafissura-c. Fractura, Fracture. 
CATAGMAT'ICS, Catagmat'ica reined'ia, from 
satay pa, ' fracture.' Remedies supposed to be 
capable of occasioning the formation of callus. 
CATAGOGLOS'SUM, from Karayciv, 'to draw 
down,' and yXuiaaa, 'the tongue.' An instrument 
for pressing down the tongue, See Glossoca- 
tochus. 
CATAGRAPHOLOGIA, Pharmacocatagra- 
phologia. 
CATALEN'TIA. Epilepsy, or some disease 
resembling it.-Paracelsus. 
CATALEPSIA SPURIA, Ecstasis. 
CAT'ALEPSY, Catalep'sia, Catalep'sis, Cat'- 
oche, Cat'ochus, Cat'ocha Gale'ni, Morbus atton'- 
itus Gelsi, Hyste'ria catalep'tica, Oongela'tio, De- 
ten'tio, Encatalep'sis, Aphonia-(Hippcr.,) Anau'- 
dia-(Antigenes,) Apprehen'sio, Contempla'tio, 
Stupor vig"ilans, Prehen'sio, Carus Catalep'sia, 
Oppres'sio, Comprehen'sio-(Gael. Aurelian,) Com- 
pren' sio,Apoplcx.'iaCatalep'sia, from KaraXapfavw, 
'I seize hold of.' Trance (?) (F.) Catalepsie. A 
disease in which there is sudden suspension of 
the action of the senses and of volition; the 
limbs and trunk preserving the different posi- 
tions given to them. It is a rare affection, but is 
seen, at times, as a form of hysteria. Some of 
the Greek writers have used the word in its true 
acceptation of a seizure, surprise, Ac. 
CATALEPTIC, Catalep'ticus, same etymon. 
Relating to catalepsy. Affected with catalepsy. 
Catalep'tic Method, Meth'odus Catalep'tica. 
The administration of external agents when in- 
ternal agents are inapplicable. 
CATALOT'IC, Catalot'icus, from KaraXoaw, 'to 
177 
CATAPLASM 
break or grind down.' A remedy which removes 
unseemly cicatrices. 
CATAL'PA, C. Arbo'rea, Bigno'nia Catal'pa, 
Catal'pa Cordifo'lia, C. Arbores'cens seu Bigno- 
nidi'des seu Syringcefolia, Cataw'ba tree, Indian 
Bean. A decoction of the pods of the Catalpa, 
an American tree, of the Nat. Fam. Bignoniacea, 
Didynamia Angiospermia, has been recommended 
in chronic nervous asthma. 
Catalpa Arborka, Catalpa-c. Bignonioides, 
Catalpa-c. Cordifolia, Catalpa-c. Syringeefolia, 
Catalpa. 
CATAL'YSIS, Paralysis, from Kara, and Xvw, 
'I dissolve or decompose.' The action of pre- 
sence in producing decomposition; as when a 
body which possesses what has been termed cat«- 
lytic force resolves other bodies into new com- 
pounds by mere contact or presence, without 
itself experiencing any modification. 
CATALYTIC FORCE, see Catalysis. 
CATAMENIA, Menses-c. Alba, Leucorrhoea. 
CATAME'NIAL, Catamenia'lie, Men'strual, 
Men'strmis, Men'struous, (F.) Menstruel, from 
Kara, and pnv, ' a mouth.' Appertaining or relat- 
ing to the catamenia. 
CATAMENIORUM FLUXUS IMMODICUS, 
Menorrhagia. 
CATANANCE, Cichorium intybus. 
CATANGELOS, Ruscus. 
CATANTLE'MA, Oatantle'sis, from Kara, 
'upon,' and avrXaw, 'I pour.' Cateone'sis and 
Oatceone'sis. Ablution with warm water. A fo- 
mentation.-Moschion, Marcellus Empiricus. 
CATAPAS'MA, from Kararraaaai, ' I sprinkle.' 
Catapas'tum, Consper'sio, Epipas'ton, Pasma, 
Sympas'ma, Empas'ma, Biapas'ma, Xer'ion, As- 
per'sio, Epispas'turn, Pulvis asperso'rius. A com- 
pound medicine, in the form of powder, employed 
by the ancients to sprinkle on ulcers, absorb per- 
spiration, Ac.-Paulus of jEgina. 
CATAPH'ORA, 'a fall,' from 'I 
throw down.' A state resembling sleep, with 
privation of feeling and voice. Somnolency. 
According to others, Cataphora is simply a pro- 
found sleep, which it is difficult to rouse from- 
in this sense being synonymous with Sopor. 
Cataphora Coma, see Apoplexy - c. Hydro- 
cephalica, see Apoplexy - c. Cymini, Theriaca 
Londinensis-c. Magnetica, Somnambulism, mag- 
netic. 
CATAPHRAC'TA, Cataphrac'tes, a Cuirass, 
from ' I fortify.' A name given by 
Galen to a bandage applied round the thorax and 
shoulders. It was also called Quadri'ga. 
CATAPIESIS, Depression. 
CATAPINOSIS, Absorption. 
CATAP'LASIS, from KaTa*\aeau>, 'tobesmear.' 
The act of besmearing or overlaying with plaster, 
CAT'APLASM, Cataplas'ma, Epiplas'ma. 
Boeos, Poultice, Pultiee, from KarairXaaaciv, (tcara 
and irXaaanv, 'to form or mould,') 'to besmear.' 
(F.) Cataplasme. A medicine applied exter- 
nally, under the form of a thick pap. Cata- 
plasms are formed of various ingredients, and for 
different objects. They may be anodyne, emol- 
lient, tonic, antiseptic, irritating, Ac. A simple 
poultice acts only by virtue of its warmth and 
moisture. Mealy, fatty substances, leaves of 
plants, certain fruits, crumb of bread, Ac., aru 
the most common bases. The chief poultices 
which have been officinal are the following:-. 
Anodyne-c. Cicutae, c. Digitalis. Antiseptic - 
c. Carbonis, e. Dauci, c. Fermenti, c. Acetosse, o. 
Cumini. Emollient - c. Lini, c. Panis, c. Mali 
maturi. Irritating-c. Sinapis, c. Sodii chloridi, 
c. Querctls Marini. Tonic and Astringent - c. 
Alum, c. Goulard, c. of Roses. 
The Parisian Codex has some other officinal CATAPLASMA BYNES I1 
cataplasms. 1. Cataplas'ma anod'ynum, made of 
poppy and hyoscyamus. 2. Cataplas'ma emollicns, 
made of meal and pulps. 3. Cataplas'ma ad 
suppuratio'nem promoven'dam, of pulps and ba- 
silicon. 4. Cataplas'ma rubefa'ciens vel anti- 
pleurit'icum, formed of pepper and vinegar. 
The only cataplasms, the preparation of which it 
is important to describe, are some of the following: 
Cataplasm, Alum, Coagulum Aluminosum.- 
c. of Beer grounds, see Cataplasma Fermenti.- 
c. Carrot, Cataplasma Dauci.-c. Charcoal, Cata- 
plasma carbonis ligni. 
CATAPLASMA BYNES, see C. Fermenti. 
Cataplas'ma Carbo'nis Ligni, Charcoal Cat- 
aplasm or poultice. Made by adding powdered 
charcoal to a common cataplasm. Used as an 
antiseptic to foul ulcers, Ac. 
Cataplas'ma Dauci, Carrot Cataplasm or 
poultice. Made by boiling the root of the Carrot 
until it is soft enough to form a poultice. Used 
in fetid ulcers. 
Cataplas'ma FjEcula: Cerevisi.e, see C. 
Fermenti. 
Cataplas'ma Ferment'i, C. efferves'cens, Yeast 
Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cataplasme de Levure. 
(Take of meal Ibj, yeast, tbss. Expose to a gentle 
heat.) It is antiseptic, and a good application 
to bruises. A Cataplasm of Beer Grounds, Cata- 
plasma Fa'culce Cerevis'ia, C. Bynes, is used in 
the same cases. 
Cataplas'ma Sina'pis, C. Sina'peos, Sin'a- 
pism. Mustard Cataplasm or Poultice, (F.) Cata- 
plasme de Moutard ou Sinapisme. {Mustard and 
Linseed meal or meal aa equal parts. Warm 
vinegar or water, q. s.) A rubefacient and sti- 
mulant applied to the soles of the feet in coma, 
low typhus, Ac., as well as to the pained part in 
rheumatism, Ac. 
CATAPLEX'IS, Stupor, from Kara, and rrXt/acrw, 
' I strike.' The act of striking with amazement. 
Appearance of astonishment as exhibited by the 
eyes in particular. See Hsemodia. 
CATAPOSIS, Deglutition. 
CATAPOTION, Pilula. 
CATAPSYX'IS, from 'I refrige- 
rate' ; Peripsyx'is. Considerable coldness of the 
body, without rigor and horripilatio. - Galen, 
Perfric'tio. Coldness in the extreme parts of the 
limbs.-Hippocrates. 
CATAPTO'SIS, Deciden'tia, a fall. This word, 
at times, expresses the fall of a patient, attacked 
with epilepsy, or apoplexy; at others, the sudden 
resolution of a paralytic limb. 
CATAPULTA VIRILIS, Penis. 
CATAPUTIA MINOR, Euphorbia lathyris, 
Ricinus communis. 
CAT'ARACT, Catarac'ta, Catarrhac'ta, Suffu'- 
sio Oc'uli, S. Lentis cry stall'ince, Phtharma cata- 
rac'ta, Cali'go lentis, Gutta opa'ca, Hypoc'hyma, 
Hopoc'hysis, Hopoph'ysis, Phacoscoto'ma, Parop'- 
sis catarac'ta, Glaueo'ma Woulhou'si, from Kara- 
paaauv {Kara and paaceiv), 'to tumble down.' A 
deprivation of sight, which comes on, as if a veil 
fell before the eyes. Cataract consists in opacity 
of the crystalline lens or its capsule, which pre- 
vents the passage of the rays of light, and pre- 
cludes vision. The causes are obscure. Diag- 
nosis.- The patient is blind, the pupil seems 
closed by an opake body, of variable colour, but 
commonly whitish: - the pupil contracting and 
dilating. Cataracts have been divided, by some, 
into spurious and genuine. The former, where 
the obstacle to vision is between the capsule of 
the lens and the uvea: the latter, where it is in 
the lens or capsule. A lenticular cataract is 
where the affection is seated in the lens ;-a cap- 
sular or membranous, in the capsule. The cap- 
sular is divided again, by Beer, into the anterior, 
178 
3 CATARACT 
posterior, and complete capsular cataract. When 
the capsule is rendered opake, in consequence 
of an injury, which cuts or ruptures any part of 
it, it thickens, becomes leathery, and has been 
called Catarac'ta arida siliquo'sa. Catarac'ta 
Morgagnia'na lactea vel purifor'mis, is the milky 
variety, in which the crystalline is transformed 
into a liquid similar to milk, (F.) Cataracte lai- 
teuse ; or, as generally defined, in which there is 
opacity of the fluid situate between the lens and 
its capsule. The cap' sulo-lentic'ular affects both 
lens and capsule, and Beer conceives the liquor 
Morgagni, in an altered state, may contribute to 
it. Cataracts are also called hard, soft, {Phaco- 
mala'qia,) stony, (F. pierreuse,) milky or cheesy, 
(laiteuse ou caseuse, Galactocat ar ac' ta, Catarac'ta 
lactic'olor,) according to their density : - white, 
pearly, yellow, brown, gray, green, black, (F.) 
blanche, perlee, jaune, brune, grise, verte, noire, 
according to their colour :-fixed or vacillating, 
-catarac'ta capsulo-lenticula'ris fixa vel trem'- 
ula, (F.) fixe ou branlante, according as they are 
fixed or movable behind the pupil. They are 
likewise called Catarac'ta marmora'cice, fencs- 
tra'ta, Stella'ta, puncta'ta, dimidia'tce, Ac., ac- 
cording to the appearances they present. 
They may also be simple, or complicated with 
adhesion, amaurosis, specks, Ac.; and primary 
or primitive, when opake before the operation ;- 
secondary, when the opacity is the result of the 
operation. 
The following classification of cataracts is by 
M. Desmarres: 
Class I. True Cataracts. 
Green. 
Blaek. 
Osseous. 
Stony or chalky. 
Hard. 
Striated,etiolated, 
barred, dehis- 
cent, with three 
branches, Ac. 
Disseminated, or 
dotted. 
Congenital. 
Traumatic. 
Glaucomatous. 
Soft. 
a. Lenticular 
Cataracts. 
Morgagnian, or 
interstitial. 
Cystic, purulent, 
fetid. 
T. .j 
1CL 1 
Other varie- 
ties, soft,hard, 
or liquid. 
' Shaking, or float- 
ing. 
Luxated. 
6. Capsular 
Cataracts. 
Anterior. 
Posterior. 
' Pyramidal or ve- 
getant. 
u Arid siliquose. 
c. Capsulo- 
ventricular 
Cataracts. 
All the varieties of lenticular 
and capsular cataracts. 
' Lenticular. 
Capsular. 
L Capsulo-lenticular. 
d. Secondary 
Cataracts. 
Class II. False Cataracts. 
Fibrinous. 
Purulent. 
Sanguineous. 
Pigmentous. 
Cataract is commonly a disease of elderly in- 
dividuals, although, notunfrequently, congen'ital. 
It forms slowly; objects are at first seen as 
through a mist; light bodies appear to fly before 
the eyes, and it is not until after months or years 
that the sight is wholly lost. No means will ob- 
viate the evil except an operation, which consists 
in removing the obstacle to the passage of the CATARACTA 
light to the retina. Four chief methods are em- 
ployed for this purpose. 1. Couching or Deple- 
tion, Hyalonix'is, Hyalonyx'is, (F.) Abaissement, 
Deplacement de la Cataracte. This consists in 
passing a cataract needle through the sclerotica 
and subjacent membranes, a little above the 
transverse diameter of the eye; and at about two 
lines' distance from the circumference of the 
transparent cornea, until the point arrives in the 
posterior chamber of the eye. With this the 
crystalline is depressed to the outer and lower 
part of the globe of the eye, where it is left. 
2. By absorption, - by the French termed broie- 
ment, or bruising. This is performed in the same 
manner as the former; except that, instead of 
turning the crystalline from the axis of the visual 
rays, it is divided by the cutting edge of the 
needle, and its fragments are scattered in the 
humours of the eye, where they are absorbed. 
3. By extraction, which consists in opening, with 
a particular kind of knife, the transparent cornea 
and the anterior portion of the capsule of the 
crystalline ; and causing the lens to issue through 
the aperture. Each of the processes has its ad- 
vantages and disadvantages, and all are used by 
surgeons. 4. Some, again, pass a cataract needle 
through the transparent cornea and pupil to the 
crystalline, and depress or cause its absorption. 
This is called Keratonyxsis, which see. 
Cataract, Black, Amaurosis - c. Capsular, 
see Cataract-c. Capsulo-lenticular, see Cataract 
-c. Central, Centradiaphanes - c. Cheesy, see 
Cataract-c. Congenital, see Cataract-c. Com- 
plicated, see Cataract-c. Fixed, see Cataract- 
c. Genuine, see Cataract-c. Hard, see Cataract 
-c. Lenticular, see Cataract-c. Membranous, 
see Cataract-c. Milky, see Cataract-c. Opake, 
see Cataract-c. Primary, see Cataract-c. Primi- 
tive, see Cataract-c. Secondary, see Cataract- 
c. Simple, see Cataract-c. Soft, see Cataract- 
c. Spurious, see Cataract-c. Stony, see Cataract 
-c. Vacillating, see Cataract. 
CATARACTA, Cataract-c. Arida siliquosa, 
see Cataract-c. Capsulo-lenticularis, see Cata- 
ract- c. Centralis, Centradiaphanes-c. Dimidi- 
ata, see Cataract-c. Fenestrata, see Cataract- 
c. Glauca, Glaucoma - c. Lacticolor, see Cata- 
ract- c. Liquida, Hygrocataracta-c. Marmo- 
racea, see Cataract-c. Morgagniana, see Cata- 
ract- c. Nigra, Amaurosis-c. Punctata, see 
Cataract-c. Stellata, see Cataract. 
CA TARACTE, ABAISSEMENTDE LA, see 
Cataract-c. Blanche, see Cataract-c. Branlante, 
see Cataract-c. Brune, see Cataract-c. Castuse, 
see Cataract-c. Emplacement de la, see Cataract 
-c. Fixe, see Cataract-c. Grise, see Cataract- 
c. Jaune, see Cataract-c. Laiteuse, see Cataract 
- c. Noire, Amaurosis, see Cataract-c. Perlee, 
see Cataract-c. Pierreuse, see Cataract-c. Verte, 
see Cataract. x 
CA TARACTE, (F.) Catarac'tus, Catarac'td 
vitia'tus. One affected with cataract. The French 
use this term, both for the eye affected with cata- 
ract and the patient himself. 
CAT ARIA, see Nepeta-c. Vulgaris, Nepeta. 
CATARRH', Catar'rhus, Catar'rhopus, Catar- 
rheu'ma, Rheuma, Deflux'io, Catastag'ma, Phleg- 
matorrhag"ia,Phlegmatorrhoe'a,from Kara, 'down- 
wards,' and pew, ' I flow.' A discharge of fluid 
from a mucous membrane. The ancients consi- 
dered catarrh as a simple flux, and not as an in- 
flammation. Generally it partakes of this cha- 
racter, however. Catarrh is, with us, usually 
restricted to inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the air-passages: the French extend it 
to that of all mucous membranes; (F.) Flux 
muqueux, Fluxion catarrhale. 
Catarrh, in the English sense, Broncho-catar'- 
179 
CATARRHUS 
rhus, Pul'monary Catarrh, Lung fever, (vul- 
garly,) Rheuma Pec'toris, Destilla'tio Pec'toris, 
Catar'rhus Pec'torie, O. Pulmo'num, C. Pulmo- 
na'lis, C. Bronchia'lie, Blennop'tysis, Tus'sis ca- 
tarrha'lis, simplex, Grave'do (of many), Febrie 
Catarrha'lis, Blennotho'rax, Bronchi'tie, Catar'- 
rhus d Fri'gore, (F.) Catarrhe pulmonaire, Fievre 
Catarrhale, Rhume de Poitrine, a Cold, is a su- 
perficial inflammation of the mucous follicles of 
the trachea and bronchi. It is commonly an af- 
fection of but little consequence, but apt to re- 
lapse and become chronic. It is characterized 
by cough, thirst, lassitude, fever, watery eyes, 
with increased secretion of mucus from the air- 
passages. The antiphlogistic regimen and time 
usually remove it.-Sometimes, the inflammation 
of the bronchial tubes is so great as to prove 
fatal. 
Catarrh, Acute, of the Uterus, see Metri- 
tis - c. Chronic, Bronchitis, (chronic) - c. Dry, 
see Bronchitis - c. Pulmonary, Bronchitis, Ca- 
tarrh- c. Rose, Fever, hay-c. Suffocating ner- 
vous, Asthma, Thymicum - c. Summer, Fever, 
hay. 
Catarrh', Epidem'ic, Catar'rhus epidem'icns, 
C. d conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum. Catarrh 
prevailing owing to some particular Constitutio 
aeris, and affecting a whole country,-Influenza. 
CATARRHACTA, Cataract. 
CATAR'RHAL, Catarrha'lis, Catarrho'icus, 
Catarrhoit'icus, Catarrhoet'icus. Relating to 
catarrh,-as Catarrhal Fever. 
CATARRHE AIGUE DE L'UTERUS, see 
Metritis - c. Buccal, Aphthae, - c. Convulsive, 
Bronchitis-c. Gastrique, Gastritis-c. Guttural, 
Cynanche tonsillaris-c. Intestinal, Diarrhoea- 
c. Laryngien, Laryngitis - c. Nasal, Coryza - 
c. Oculaire, Ophthalmia - c. de V Oreille, Otir- 
rhoea - c. Pharyngien, Cynanehe parotidea - c. 
Pituiteux, Bronchorrhoea - c. Pulmonaire, Ca- 
tarrh-c. Sec; see Bronchitis-c. Stomacal, Gas- 
trorrhoea - c. Utirin, Leucorrhoea - c. Ve'sical, 
Cystorrhcea. 
CATARRHEC'TICA, from Karappyyvvpi, 'I 
break down.' Remedies considered proper for 
evacuating; - as diuretics, cathartics, &c. Hip- 
pocrates. 
CATARRHEUMA, Catarrh. 
CATARRHEUX (F.) Catarrho'sus. One sub- 
ject to catarrh ; affected with catarrh. 
CATARRHEX'IA, Catarrhex'is; same ety- 
mon as Catarrhectica. The action of Catarrhec- 
tica. Also, effusion; evacuation of the bowels. 
CATARRHEXIS, Catarrhexia, Excrement - 
c. Vera, Hsematochezia. 
CATARRHCEA, Rheumatism. 
CATARRHOET'ICUS, from /carappcw, 'I flow 
from.' An epithet for disease produced by a 
discharge of phlegm ; catarrhal. 
CATAR'RHOPA PHY'MATA,from 
Karapporns, ' sloping downwards.' Tubercles tend- 
ing downwards, or with their apices downwards. 
CATARRHOPHE, Absorption. 
CATARRHOPHESIS, Absorption. 
CATARRHO'PIA, Catar'rhysis, from Kara 
'downwards,' and pory, 'inclination.' An afflux 
of fluids towards the inferior parts, and espe- 
cially towards the viscera of the abdomen. The 
Greek word avappoiua expresses an opposite phe- 
nomenon, or a tendency towards the upper parts. 
CATARRHOPUS, Catarrh. 
CATARRHOS'CHESIS, from xarappos, ' ca- 
tarrh,' and vxco-ij, ' suppression.' The suppres- 
sion of a mucous discharge. 
CATARRHUS, Defluxion, Tussis-c. TEstivus, 
fever, hay-c. Bellinsulanus, Cynanche paroti- 
daea-c. Bronchialis, Catarrh - c. Eronchiorum, 
Bronchitis - c. a Contagio, Influenza-c. Epi- CATARRHYSIS 
demicus, Influenza, Catarrh, epidemic - c. Geni- 
talium, Leucorrhoea-c. Gonorrhoea, Gonorrhoea 
-c. Intestinalis, Diarrhoea - c. Laryngeus, La- 
ryngo-catarrhus-c. ad Nares, Coryza-c. Nasa- 
lis, Coryza-c. Pulmonalis, Catarrh-c. Pulmo- 
num, Bronchitis, Catarrh-c. Senilis, Bronchitis, 
(chronic)-c. Suffocativus Barbadensis, C. trache- 
alis-c. Trachealis, Laryngo-catarrhus-c. Ure- 
thrae, Gonnorrhoea pura-c. Urethralis, Gonor- 
rhoea-c. Vesicae, Cystorrhoea. 
CATARRHYSIS, Catarrhopia, Defluxion. 
CATARTISIS, Catartismus. 
CATARTIS'MUS, Catar'tisis, from xarapriljiv, 
'to repair, replace/ The coaptation of a luxated 
or fractured bone, or hernia. 
CATASARCA, Anasarca. 
CATASCEUE, Structure. 
CATASCHASMUS, Bloodletting, Scarification. 
CATASTAGMUS, Catarrh, Coryza. 
CATASTALAGMUS, Coryza, Distillation. 
CATASTALTICA, Ilaematostatica, Sedatives. 
CATAS'TASIS, from KaSiorij/xi, 'I establish.' 
The constitution, state, condition, Ac., of any 
thing. - Hippocrates. Also the reduction of a 
bone. See Constitution, and Habit of Body. 
CATAT'ASIS, from Karareivw, 'I extend'. Ex- 
tension. The extension and reduction of a frac- 
tured limb.-Hippocrates. 
CATATHLIPSIS, Oppression. 
CATAWBA TREE, Catalpa. 
CATAXIS, Fracture. 
CATCH FLY, Apocynum androssemifolium, 
Silene Virginica. 
CATCHUP, Ketchup. 
CAT'ECHU. The extract of various parts of 
the Aca'cta Cat'echu, Mimo'sa Cat'echu, Cacet'- 
chu, an oriental tree. The drug is also called 
Terra Japon'ica, Extrac'tum Catechu, Japan 
Earth, Cascheu, Cadtchu, Cashow, Caitchu, Cast- 
joe, Cacau, Cate, Kaath, Cuti, Cutch, Coira, Suc- 
cus Japon'icus, (F.) Cachou. It is a powerful 
astringent, and is used in diarrhoea, intestinal he- 
morrhage, Ac. Dose, gr. xv to Jss, in powder. 
Catechu, Square, see Nauclea gambir. 
CATEIAD'ION, from Kara, and eia, 'a blade 
of grass.' A long instrument thrust into the 
nostrils to excite hemorrhage in headach.- 
Aretseus. 
CATENAS MUSCULUS, Tibialis anticus. 
CATEONESIS, Catantlema. 
CATGUT, Galega Virginiana. 
CATHJE'RESIS, KaOaipiais, 'subtraction, di- 
minution.' Extenuation or exhaustion, owing to 
forced exercise. - Hippocrates. The action of 
catheretics. 
CATHA3RETICUS, Catheretic. 
CATHARETICUS, Cathartic. 
CATHARISMOS, Depuration. 
CATHAR'MA, Purgament'um. The matter 
evacuated by a purgative, or by spontaneous 
purging: also, a cathartic. 
CATHAR'MUS, Same etymon; a purgation. 
- Hippocrates. Also, the cure of a disease by 
magic, Ac. 
CATHAR'SIS, from KaSaipciv, [xaff and aipuv, 
' to take away,') ' to purge.' Purga'tio, Apoca- 
thar'sis, Copropho'ria, Coprophore'sis. A natu- 
ral or artificial purgation of any passage;-mouth, 
anus, vagina, Ac. 
CATHAR'TIC, Cathar'ticus, Cathare'ticus, 
Cathor'ma, Coprocrit'icum, Coprago'gum, Lustra- 
men'turn, Purgans medicament'urn, Trichili'urn, De- 
jecto'rium Remed'ium, Eccathar'ticus, Hypacti- 
cus, Hopochoret'icus, Alvurn evac'uans, Hypel'atos, 
Lapac'ticus, Apocathar'ticus. Same etymon. (F.) 
Cathartique. A medicine which, when taken in- 
ternally, increases the number of alvine evacua- 
tions. Some substances act upon the upper part 
180 
CATINUS FUSORIUS 
of the intestinal canal, as calomel and colocynth 
others, on the lower part, as aloes ; and some on 
the whole extent, as saline purgatives. Hence a 
choice may be necessary. Cathartics are divided 
into purgatives and laxatives. The following is 
a list of the chief cathartics : 
Aloe, Cassia Marilandica, Colocynthis, Elate- 
riuin, Gambogia, Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, 
Hydrargyri Oxydum nigrum, Hydrarg. cum 
Magnesia, Jalapa, Juglans, Magnesia. Magnesite 
Carbonas, Magnesias Sulphas, Manna, Mannita, 
Oleum Euphorbias Lathyridis, Oleum Ricini, 
Oleum Tiglii, Podophyllum, Potassae Acetas, Po- 
tassae Bisulphas, Potassae Sulphas, Potassae Bi- 
tartras, Potasste Tartras, Rheum, Scammonium, 
Senna, Sinapis, Sodae et Potassae Tartras, So die 
Phosphas, Sodae Sulphas, Sodi Chloridum, Sul- 
phur, Veratria, Aquae Minerales Sulphureae et 
Salinae, Enemata, Suppositoria. 
CATHARTIN, see Cassia Senna, and Con- 
volvulus jalapa. 
CM THAU TIQ UE, Cathartic. 
CATHARTOCARPUS, Cassia fistula. 
CATHEDRA, Anus. 
CATHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
CATHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
CATHERET'IC, Cathceret'icus, Ectylot'icus, 
Sarcoph'agus, from KaSaipeiv, 'to eat,' 'destroy.' 
Substances applied to warts, exuberant granula- 
tions, &c., to eat them down. Mild caustics. 
CATH'ETER, from KaSirgu (Kaff, and irgu, 'to 
send,') ' I explore.' Mine'a, Al'galie, Cathete'ris, 
Demissor, Immis'sor. A hollow tube, introduced 
by surgeons into the urinary bladder, for the 
purpose of drawing off the urine. Catheters are 
made of silver or elastic gum. See Bougie. The 
French generally use the word catheter for the 
solid sound or staff; and algalie and sonde for 
the hollow instrument. 
Catheter, Nasal. An instrument, invented 
by M. Gensoul, of Lyons, for catheterizing the 
ductus ad nasum. It is hook-shaped; the extre- 
mity, bent at a right angle, is about an inch in 
length, suited to the distance of the lower orifice 
of the duet from the nostril, and likewise to the 
length and form of the duct, with a slight spiral 
turn. 
CATHETERIS, Catheter. 
CATHETERISIS, Catheterismus. 
CATHETERIS'MUS, Cathete'risis, Catheteri- 
sa'tio, Oath'eterism, Catheteriza'tion, Immis'sio 
Cathete'ris, same etymon. The introduction of a 
catheter or sound into the bladder or Eustachian 
tube. Also probing a wound. Melosis. 
CATHETERIZATION, Catheterismus. 
CATH'ETERIZE. To perform the operation 
of catheterism;-in other words, to introduce the 
catheter, to probe or sound a cavity. 
CATHID'RYSIS, from KaSiipw, 'I place to- 
gether.' Reduction of a part to its natural situ- 
ation. 
CATHMIA, Plumbi oxydum semi-vitreum. 
CATHMIR, Calamina. 
CATHOD'IC, Cathod'icus; from Kaff, 'down- 
wards,' and bios, 'a way.' An epithet applied by 
Dr. Marshall Hall to a downward course of ner- 
vous action. 
CATH'OLIC HUMOURS, (F.) Humeurs Ca- 
tholiques, are the fluids spread over the whole 
body. 
CATHOLICON, Panacea. 
Cathol'icon Duplex. An ancient purging 
electuary, chiefly composed of cassia, tamarinds, 
rhubarb, senna, <tc. 
CATHOLICUM, Panacea. 
CATIL'LIA. A weight of nine ounces. 
CATILLUS, Cup. 
CATINUS FUSORIUS, Crucible. CATLING 
CATLING, Knife, double-edged. 
CATO, Kara), 'below,' 'beneath.' This word, 
in the writings of Hippocrates, is often used for 
the abdomen, especially the intestines. When he 
advises a remedy Kara/, he means a purgative; 
when avu, 'above or upwards,' an emetic. As a 
prefix, Cato means 'beneath,' as in 
C A TO C A T H A R TIC, Catocathar'ticus, from 
Kara), ' downwards,' and Ka&npco), ' I purge.' A 
medicine which purges downwards. One that 
produces alvine evacuations. The antithesis to 
Anacathartic. 
CATOCHA GALENI, Catalepsy. 
CAT'OCHE, Cat'ocheis, Cat'ochus, from 
'I retain,' 'I hold fast.' This word has, by some, 
been used synonymously with Catalepsy ; by 
others, with Coma vigil; by others, with Tetanus. 
CATOCHUS, Catoche, Ecstasis - c. Cervinus, 
Tetanus-c. Holotonicus, Tetanus-c. Infantum, 
Induration of the cellular tissue. 
CATOMIS'MOS, from Kara), 'beneath,' and 
opof, 'shoulder;' Subhumera'tio. A mode with 
the ancients of reducing luxation of the humerus 
by raising the body by the arm.-Paulus of JEgina. 
CATOPTER, Speculum. 
CATOP'TRIC EXAMINATION OF THE 
EYE. When a lighted candle is held before the 
eye, the pupil of which has been dilated by bella- 
donna, three images of it are seen-two erect, and 
one inverted: - the former owing to reflection 
from the cornea and anterior surface of the crys- 
talline ; the latter owing to reflection from the 
posterior layer of the crystalline. This mode of 
examining the eye has been proposed as a means 
of diagnosis between cataract and amaurosis. In 
the latter, all the images are seen. 
CATOPTROMANCY, from Karoirrpov, (Kara, 
and ovTopat,) 'a mirror,' and yavrcia, 'divination.' 
A kind of divination by means of a mirror. 
CATOPTRON, Speculum. 
CATORCHI'TES. A kind of sour wine, pre- 
pared with the orchis and black grape, or dried 
figs. It was formerly employed as a diuretic and 
emmenagogue.-Dioscorides. Called, also, Syci'- 
tes.-Galen. 
CATORETICUS, Purgative. 
CATOTERICUS, Purgative. 
CATO'TICA, from Kara), ' beneath.' Diseases 
infecting internal surfaces. Pravity of the fluids 
or emunctories, that open on the internal surfaces 
of organs. The second order in the class Eccri- 
tica of Good. 
CATOX'YS, Peracu'tus, from Kara, 'an inten- 
sive,' and ol-vs, 'acute.' Highly acute; as Morbus 
Catoxys, M. Peracu'tus, a very acute disease. 
CAT'S EYE, AMAUROTIC, see Amaurotic. 
CAT'SFOOT, Antennaria dioica. 
CATTAGAUMA, Cambogia. 
CATTITEROS, Tin. 
CATULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
CATU-TRIPALI, Piper longum. 
CAUCALIS CAROTA, Daucus carota-c. Sa- 
nicula, Sanicula. 
CAUCALOIDES, Patella. 
CAUCASIAN, see Homo. 
CAUCUS MAR, Incubus. 
CAUCHEVIEILLE, Incubus. 
CAUCHUC, Caoutchouc. 
CAUDA, Coccyx, Penis. 
Cauda Equi'na. The spinal marrow, at its 
termination, about the second lumbar vertebra, 
gives off a considerable number of nerves, which, 
when unravelled, resemble a horse's tail,-hence 
the name; (F.) Queue de Cheval, Q. de la Moelle 
Epiniere. See Medulla Spinalis. 
Cauda Salax, Penis. 
CAUDAL, Caudate, Cauda'lis, Cauda'tus; from 
cauda, 'a tail.' Relating or appertaining to a 
tail. Having a tail or tail-like appendage: - 
181 
CAUSA 
as 'caudal or caudate corpuscles'-corpuscles 
having a tail-like appendage, as in cancerous 
growths. 
CAUDATE, Caudal. 
CAUDATIO, Clitorism. 
CAUDATUS, Bicaudatus. 
CAUDIEZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cau- 
diez is a small town, nine leagues from Perpig- 
nan, in France, where there is a thermal spring, 
containing a little sulphate of soda and iron. 
CAUDLE: (F.) Chaudeau, chaud, 'warm or 
hot.' A nourishing gruel given to women during 
the childbed state. The following is a form for 
it: Into a pint of fine gruel, not thick, put, whilst 
it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg beaten with 
sugar, and mixed with a large spoonful of cold 
water, a glass of wine, and nutmeg. Mix the 
whole well together. Brandy is sometimes sub- 
stituted for the wine, and lemon peel or capillaire 
added. It is also sometimes made of gruel and 
beer, with sugar and nutmeg. 
CAUL, from (L.) caula, 'a fold,' Pilus, Pile'- 
olus, Ga'lea, Vitta, (F.) Coeffe, Coiffe- (Etre ne 
coefl'e- 'to be born with a caul.') The English 
name for the omentum. When a child is born 
with the membranes over the face, it is said to 
have been ' born with a caul.' In the catalogue 
of superstitions, this is one of the favourable 
omens. The caul itself is supposed to confer 
privileges upon the possessor; hence the mem- 
branes are dried, and sometimes sold for a high 
price. See Epiploon. 
CAULE'DON, Cicye'don, from KavXos, 'a stalk.' 
A transverse fracture. 
CAU'LIFLOWER, (G.) Kohl, 'cabbage,' and 
flower [ 1 ], Brassica Florida. 
Cauliflower Excres'cence, Excrescen'tia 
Syphilit'ica, (F.) Choufleur. A syphilitic ex- 
crescence, which appears about the origin of the 
mucous membranes, chiefly about the anus and 
vulva, and which resembles, in appearance, the 
head of the cauliflower. 
CALTLIS, Penis-c. Florida, Brassica Florida. 
CAULOPHYL'LUM TIIALICTROI'DES, 
Leon'tice thalictroi'des, Blueberry Cohosh, Cohosh, 
Cohush, Blueberry, Papoose Boot, Squaw Boot, 
Blue Ginseng, Yellow Ginseng, a plant of the Fa- 
mily Berberideae; Sex. Syst. Ilexandria Mono- 
gynia, which grows all over the United States, 
flowering in May and June. The infusion of the 
root is much used by the Indians in various dis- 
eases. To it are ascribed emmenagogue and dia- 
phoretic virtues. 
CAULOPLE'GIA, from Kav\os, 'the male or- 
gan,' and irXriyn, 'a wound,' or 'stroke.' An in- 
jury or paralysis of the male organ. 
CAULORRHAGIA, Stimatosis-e. Ejaculato- 
ria, Spermato-cystidorrhagia-c. Stillatitia, Ure- 
throrrhagia. 
CAULORRHCEA BENIGN A, Gonorrhoea 
pura. 
CAULUS, Penis. 
CAUMA, icav/ia, 'a burnt part,' from saiw, 'I 
burn.' Great heat of the body or atmosphere. 
Syiiocha, Empresma. 
Cauma Bronchitis, Cynanehe trachealis - c. 
Carditis, Carditis - c. Enteritis, Enteritis - c. 
Gastritis, Gastritis-c. Ilmmorrhagicum, Ilaemor- 
rhagia activa-c. Hepatitis, Hepatitis - c. Oph- 
thalmitis, Ophthalmia-c. Peritonitis, Peritonitis 
- c. Phrenitis, Phrenitis - c. Pleuritis, Pleuritis 
-c. Podagricum, Gout-c. Rheumatismus, Rheu- 
matism, acute. 
CAUMATO'DES, Caumate'rus, from >cavua, 
' fire-heat.* Burning hot. Febris caumato'des, 
F. causo'des. Inflammatory fever. Synocha. 
C A UNGA, Areca. 
CAUSA CONJUNCTA, Cause, proximate-o. 
Continens, Cause, proximate. CAUSA] 
CAUSJE ABDITjE, Causes, predisponent or 
remote-c. Actuales, Causes, occasional-c. Prae- 
incipientes, Causes, procatarctic - c. Proegume- 
nae, Causes, predisponent. 
CAUSE, Cau'sa, Ai'tia, Ai'tion. An act which 
precedes another, and seems to be a necessary 
condition for the occurrence of the latter. The 
causes of disease are generally extremely ob- 
scure ; although they, sometimes, are evident 
enough. The predisponent and occasional causes 
are the only two, on which any stress can be 
laid; but as authors have divided them differ- 
ently, a short explanation is necessary. 
Cause, Ac'cessory, (F.) Cause Accessoire. 
One which has only a secondary influence in the 
production of disease. 
Causes, Accident'al, Common Causes, (F.) 
Causes Accidentelles, are those which act only 
in certain given conditions; and which do not 
always produce the same disease. Cold, e. g., 
may be the accidental cause of pneumonia, rheu- 
matism, <tc. 
CAUSES CACHEES, C. occult-c. Common, 
C. accidental-e. Exciting, C. Occasional-c. Es- 
sentia), C. Specific-c. Determinantes, C. Specific 
-c. EloignSes, C. Predisponent. 
Causes, Extern'al, (F.) Causes externes, are 
such as act externally to the individual; as air, 
cold, <fcc. 
CAUSES FORMELLES, (F.) are such as 
determine the form or kind of disease. They 
differ from the Causes matlrielles, which are 
common to a set of diseases; as, to the neuroses, 
phlegmasiae, <fce. 
Causes, Hidden, C. Occult. 
Causes, Intern'al, (F.) Causes Internes, are 
those which arise within the body; - as mental 
emotions, Ac. 
Causes, Mechan'ical, (F.) Causes mecaniques, 
are those which act mechanically, as pressure 
upon the windpipe in inducing suffocation. 
Causes, Neg'ative, (F.) Causes negatives, com- 
prise all those things, the privation of which 
may derange the functions ; - as abstinence too 
long continued. They are opposed to positive 
causes, which, of themselves, directly induce dis- 
ease ;-as the use of indigestible food, spirituous 
drinks, Ac. 
Causes, Obscure, C. Occult. 
Causes, Occa'sional, Exci'ting Causes, Causa 
actua'les, (F.) Causes occasionelles, are those 
which immediately produce disease. The occa- 
sional causes have been divided into the cogniz- 
able and non-cognizable.-C. J. B. Williams. 
182 
CAUSTICUM 
certain inappreciable characters of the atmo- 
sphere, which give rise to epidemics. 
Causes, Phys'ical, (F.) Causes Physiques,- 
those which act by virtue of their physical pro- 
perties ; as form, hardness, &c. All vulnerating 
bodies belong to this class. 
Causes, Physiological, (F.) Causes Physio- 
logiques, those which act only on living matter j 
-narcotics, for example. 
Causes, Predispo'nent, Remote causes, Causes 
proegu'menoe, Causce ab'ditce, Causes remo'tae; 
(F.) Causes predisponantes, Causes Sloignees,- 
those which render the body liable to disease. 
They may be general, affecting a number of peo- 
ple, or particular, affecting only one person. 
Causes, Prin'cipal, (F.) Causes principales 
-those which exert the chief influence on the 
production of disease, as distinguished from the 
accessory causes. 
Causes, Procatarc'tic, Causce procatarc'ticce, 
Causce preeincipien'tes, from irpoKarapKriKOS, 'the 
origin or beginning of a thing,' 'I be- 
gin,' and n-po, ' before.') These words have been 
used with different significations. Some have 
employed them synonymously with predisponent 
or remote causes; others with occasional or excit- 
ing causes. 
CAUSE PROCHAINE, C. proximate. 
Cause, Prox'imate, Causa prox'ima vel con'- 
tinens vel conjunc'ta, (F.) Cause continents ou pro- 
chaine, may be the disease itself. Superabundance 
of blood, e. g., is the proximate cause of plethora. 
Causes, Remote, C. predisponent. 
Causes, Specif'ic, Essen'tial causes, &c., (F.) 
Causes sptcifiques, C. essentielles, C. determinantes; 
those which always produce a determinate dis- 
ease ; special contagion, for example. 
CAUSIS, Burn, Ebullition, Fermentation, In- 
cendium, Ustion. 
CAUSOMA, Inflammation. 
CAUS'TIC, Cans'ticus, Cauteret'icus, Dieeret'- 
icus, Ero'dens, Adu'rens, Urens, Pyrot'icns, from 
Kina), 'I burn.' (F.) Caustique. Bodies, which 
have the property of causticity; and which con- 
sequently, burn or disorganize animal substances. 
The word is also used substantively. The most 
active are called Escharot'ics. Caustics are also 
termed ' corrosives.' 
Caustic Bearer, Porte-pierre. 
CAUSTICA ADUSTIO, Cauterization. 
CAUSTIC"ITY, (7aw«tic',zt(w, from KavariKOS, 
'that which burns,' (ucaiw, 'I burn.) The impres- 
sion which caustic bodies make on the organ of 
taste; or, more commonly, the property which 
distinguishes those bodies. 
CAUSTICOPIIORUM, Porte-pierre. 
CAUSTICUM jETHIOP'ICUM, Unguen'tum 
Melan'icum cans'ticum. A sort of paste, made bj 
rubbing powdered saffron with concentrated sul- 
phuric acid, recommended by Velpeau as a caus- 
tic in cases of gangrenous and carcinomatous ul- 
cers. The acid is the caustic: the saffron, ths 
constituent merely. 
Causticum Alkalinum, Potassa fusa-c. Ame- 
rican™, Veratrum sabadilla - c. Antimoniale, 
Antimonium muriatum. 
Causticum Commu'ne, Poten'tial Cautery, Com- 
mon Caustic, Caute'rium potentia'le, Lapis sep'- 
ticus, Caus'ticum commu'ne mit'ius. This con- 
sists of quicklime and black soap, of each equal 
parts. 
Causticum Commune, Potassa fusa - c. Com- 
mune acerrimum, Potassa fusa-c. Commune for- 
tius, Potassa cum calce-c. Lunare, Argenti nitras 
- c. Potentiale, Potassa fusa-c. Salinum, Po- 
tassa fusa-c. Viennense fusum Filhos, see Pow- 
der, Vienna. 
1. Mechanical. 
2. Chemical. 
3. Ingesta. 
4. Bodily exertion. 
5. Mental emotion. 
6. Excessive evacuation. 
7. Suppressed or defective evacua- 
tion. 
8. Defective cleanliness, ventilation 
and draining. 
9. Temperature and changes. 
I. Cognizable Agents. 
Exciting 
Causes 
of 
Disease. 
IL Non-Cognizable Agents. 
1. Endemic. 
2. Epidemic. 
3. Infectious, 
Poisons. 
Causes, Occult', Hidden causes, Obscure causes, 
(F.) Causes occultes ou cachfes ou obscures. Any 
causes with which we are unacquainted; also, CAUSTIQUE 
CAUSTIQUE, Caustic. 
CAUSTIQUE FIL1I0S, see Powder, Vienna. 
CAUSTIQUE DE VIENNE, Powder, Vi- 
enna. 
CAUSUS, from <caiw, 'I burn.' A highly ar- 
dent fever; Deu'rens. Pinel regards it as a com- 
plication of bilious and inflammatory fever; 
Broussais, as an intense gastritis, accompanied 
with bilious symptoms. See Synocha. 
Causus, Endemial, of the West Indies, 
Fever, Yellow - c. Tropicus endemicus, Fever, 
Yellow. 
CAUTER, Cauterium. 
CAUTERE, Cauterium, Fonticulus - c. Inhe- 
rent, Inherent cautery. 
CAUTEKETICUS, Caustic. 
CAUTERETS, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Cauterets is a bourg seven leagues from Bareges 
(Hautea-Pyrtniea,) France. The waters are hy- 
drosulphurous and thermal-temperature 123° F. 
They are used in the same cases as the Bareges 
water. 
CAUTERIASMUS, Cauterization. 
CAUTE'RIUM, Cauterium actua'le, Cauter, 
Cau'tery, Inusto'rium, Rupto'rium, Ignis actua'lia, 
from Kaiu, ' I burn.' (F.) Cautere, Feu actuel. A 
substance, used for ' firing,' burning or disorga- 
nizing the parts to which it is applied. Cauteries 
were divided by the ancients into actual and po- 
tential. The word is now restricted to the red- 
hot iron; or to positive burning. It was, for- 
merly, much used for preventing hemorrhage 
from divided arteries; and also with the same 
views as a blister. The term Potential Cautery, 
Caute'rium potentia'le, Ignis potentia'Us, (F.) Feu 
potential, was generally applied to the causticum 
commune, but it is now used synonymously with 
caustic in general. Cautere also means an issue. 
Cauterium Actuals, Cauterium. 
CAUTERIZA'TION, Cauterisa'tio, Cauterias'- 
mus, Exus'tio, Inus'tio, Cans'ticaAdus'tio. Firing. 
The effect of a cautery. The French, amongst 
whom cauterization is much used, distinguished 
five kinds : 1. Cauterisation Inherente, which con- 
sists in applying the actual cautery freely, and 
with a certain degree of force, so as to disorganize 
deeply. 2. Cauterisation transcurrente, which 
consists in passing the edge of the Cautlre cultcl- 
laire, or the point of the Cautere conique lightly, 
so as not to disorganize deeply. 3. C«ut£r»«atron 
par pointes, which consists in applying on the 
skin, here and there, the hot point of the conical 
cautery, with sufficient force to cauterize the 
whole thickness of the skin. 4. Cauterisation 
lente, slow cauterization, by means of the moxa. 
5. Cauterisation objective, which consists in hold- 
ing the cautery at some distance from the part 
to be acted upon by it. 
Cau'terize; Oaustico a dur ere ; (F.) Cau- 
teriser. To apply the cautery. To burn with a 
cautery. 
CAUTERY, Cauterium - c. Potential, Causti- 
cum commune. 
CAVA, Vulva. 
Cava Vena, Vena hepati'tes. The hollow or 
deep-seated vein. (F.) Veine cave. A name 
given to the two great veins of the body, which 
meet at the right auricle of the heart. The vena 
cava supe'rior, thorac"ica vel descen'dens, is 
formed by the union of the subclavians; and re- 
ceives successively, before its termination at the 
upper part of the right auricle, the inferior thy- 
roid, right, internal mammary, superior diaphrag- 
matic, azygos, Ac. The vena cava infe'rior, ab- 
domina'lis vel ascen'dens, arises from the union 
of the two primary iliacs, opposite the fourth or 
fifth lumbar vertebra, receives the middle sacral, 
lumbar, right spermatic, hepatic, and inferior dia- 
183 
CAVERNOUS 
phragmatics, and opens at the posterior and in- 
ferior part of the right auricle. 
CAVATIO, Cavity. 
CAVEA, Cavity-c. Narium, Nares. 
CAVER'NA, Antrum. 'A cavern.' This term 
has been used for the female organs of generation. 
See Cavity, and Vulva. 
Caverna Narium, Nares. 
CAVERN A3 DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium-c. 
Frontis, Frontal Sinuses. 
CAVERNEUX, Cavernous. 
CAV'ERNOUS, Caverno' sub, (F.) Caverneux. 
Filled with small cavities or caverns, - as a 
sponge. 
Cavernous Bodies, Cor'pora Cavernos'a of the 
penis, Cor'pora nervo'sa, C. Ner'veo-spongio'sa 
Penis, (F.) Corps Caverneux. The corpus caver- 
nosum is a kind of cylindrical sac, composed of 
cells; separated, through its whole extent, by a 
vertical, incomplete septum, Septum pectinifor' - 
me, and forming nearly two-thirds of the penis. 
The corpus cavernosum, on each side, arises from 
the ascending portion of the ischium, and termi- 
nates obtusely behind the glans. The arteries 
of the corpora cavernosa come from the internal 
pudic. See Helicine Arteries. Nerves arc found 
on the surface of the outer membrane, but they 
do not appear to penetrate the substance, and the 
smooth muscular fibre has been traced into the 
fibrous parietes of the cells, as in the case of all 
erectile tissues. 
J. Muller's researches have led him to infer, 
that both in man and the horse, the nerves of the 
corpora cavernosa are made up of branches pro- 
ceeding from the organic as well as the animal 
system, whilst the nerves of animal life alone 
provide the nerves of sensation of the penis. 
Cavernous Bodies, Corpora Cavernosa of the 
Clit'oris, are two hollow crura, forming the clitoris. 
Cavernous Body of the Vagi'na, Corpus Ca- 
verno'sum Vagi'na, Plexus retiform'is, is a sub- 
stance composed of blood-vessels and cells, simi- 
lar to those of the penis and clitoris, which covers 
the outer extremity of the vagina, on each side. 
It serves to contract the entrance to the vagina 
during coition. 
Cavernous Ganglion, see Carotid or Carotic 
Nerve. 
Cavernous Respira'tion, (F.) When a cavity 
exists in the lungs, and one or more ramifications 
of the bronchia terminate in it, a loud tubal noise 
is emitted, provided the cavity be not filled with 
fluid, which is called cavernous respiration. In 
this condition, the cough is cavernows likewise, 
(F.) Toux Caverneuse. When the capacity of the 
cavern is very great, the sound of the respiration 
is like that produced by blowing into a decanter, 
with the mouth at a little distance from the neck. 
This kind of cavernous respiration has been called 
amphoric, from amphora, 'a flask;' (F.) Respi- 
ration amphorique, Souffle amphorique, S. metal- 
lique. 
The Veiled Puff, (F.) Souffle voile, is a modi- 
fication of the cavernous respiration, in which, 
according to Laennec, "a sort of movable veil 
interposed between the excavation and the ear" 
seems to be agitated to and fro. It is a sign 
which is not attended to. 
Cavernous Sinus, Ninas *Caverno'sus, Sinus 
polymor'phus seu Receptac'ulum, S. sphenoidalis, 
Receptac' ulum sella equi'na lat'eribus appos'ittim, 
(F.) Sintis caverneux. The Cav'ernous Si'nuses 
are venous cavities of the dura mater, filled with 
a multitude of reddish, soft filaments, intersect- 
ing each other; and, as it were, reticulated. 
They commence behind the inner part of the 
sphenoid fissure, pass backwards on the sides of 
the fossa pituitaria, and terminate by opening CAVIALE 
into a cavity, common to the superior and infe- 
rior petrosal sinuses. They receive some menin- 
geal veins, the ophthalmic veins, &c. The ante- 
rior extremity of each cavernous sinus has been 
named the ophthal'mie sinus. 
Cavernous Texture or Tissue, (F.) Tissu 
caverneux. The spongy substance which forms 
the greater part of the penis and clitoris. It 
seems to consist of a very complicated lace-work 
of arteries and veins; and, probably, of nervous 
filaments, with small fibrous plates, which form 
by their decussation numerous cells communicat- 
ing with each other. This spongy texture pro- 
duces erection, by dilating and swelling on the 
influx of blood; and probably, also, by virtue of 
some property inherent in it. 
CAVIALE, Caviare. 
CAVIARE', Caviar, Caviale, Kaviac. A culi- 
nary preparation, much used by certain people, 
and made on the shores of the Black and Caspian 
Seas, from the roe of the sturgeon, mixed with 
salt and other condiments. 
CAVIC'ULA, Cavil'la, from cavus, 'hollow.' 
The ankle or space between the malleoli. Some 
have given this name to the os cuneiforme. See 
Astragalus. 
CAVICULA3 PEDIS NODUS, Tarsus. 
CAVILLA, Astragalus, Cavicula. 
CAVITAS ANTROSA AURIS, Tympanum- 
c. Buccinata, Cochlea-c. Cochleata, Cochlea. 
Cavitas Digitata Ventriculi Lateralis, 
Cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis. 
Cav'itas Ellip'tica, Ampul'la, Sinus ampul- 
la'ceus. A dilatation at one end of the semicir- 
cular canals of the ear. 
Cavitas Humeri Glenoides, see Glenoid - c. 
Narium, Nares - c. Oculi, Orbit-c. Oris, Mouth 
-c. Pulp®, see Tooth. 
CAVITATES CEREBRI, Ventricles of the 
brain-c. Dur® matris, Sinuses of the dura mater 
-c. Innominat®, Auricles of the heart-c. Inter- 
scapulares, see Interscapularis. 
CA VITE, Cavity-c. Dentaire, Dental cavity- 
c. des Epiploons, see Periton®um-c. du Tympan, 
Tympanum. 
CAV'ITY, Cav'itas, Cavum, Coe'lotes, Coelon, 
Ca'vea, Caver'na, Cava'tio, (F.) Cavitf. Every 
thing hollow, as the cranium, mouth, nasal 
fess®, Ac. 
Cavities, Splanchnic, (F.) Cavitas splanch- 
niques, are those which contain the viscera. 
They are three in number;-the cranium, chest, 
and abdomen. The cavities of bones, connected 
with joints or otherwise, are described under 
their particular denominations. 
CAVUM, Cavity-c. Abdominis, see Abdomen. 
Cavum Cra'nii, Venter Supre'mus. The cavity 
formed by the proper bones of the cranium. 
Cavum Dentis, see Tooth - c. Narium, Nares 
-c. Oris, Mouth-c. Tympani, Tympanum. 
CAYAN, Phaseolus Creticus. 
CAZABI, Jatropha manihot. 
CEANOTHOS, Cirsium arvense. 
CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS, Celastrus-c. 
Trinervis, Celastrus. 
CEAR, Heart. 
CEASMA, Fissure. 
CEBI GALLI'NtE. The liver of the fowl, 
bruised.-Castelli. 
CEBIP'ARA. A large Brazilian tree, whose 
bitter and astringent bark is used in making anti- 
rheumatic baths and fomentations. 
CECES, see Quercus alba. 
CECITE, C®citas. 
CEDAR, RED, Juniperus Virginiana. 
CEDEIA, Embalming. 
CEDMA, Aneurism, Varix. 
184 
CELL 
CED'MATA, Ktipara. Rheumatic pains of the 
joints, especially of the hips, groin, or genital 
organs. A form of gout or rheumatism. 
CEDRAT, Citrus medica. 
CEDRELE'UM, from irc<5po;, 'the cedar,' and 
thaiov, 'oil.' The oil of cedar.-Pliny. 
CE'DRIA, Ce'drium, Ce'drinum, Cedri lach'- 
ryma, Alkitran. The oil or resin which flows 
from the cedar of Lebanon. It was supposed to 
possess great virtues. - Hippocrates, Foesius, 
Scribonius Largus, Dioscorides. It has been 
supposed to be the same as the pyroligneous 
acid. See Pinus Sylvestris. 
CE'DRINUM VINUM, Cedar Wine. A wino 
prepared by steeping half a pound of bruised 
cedar berries in six French pints of sweet wine. 
It is diuretic and subastringent. 
CEDRI'TES, from xcipos, 'the cedar.' A wine 
prepared from the resin of cedar and sweet wine. 
It was formerly employed as a vermifuge, <fcc. 
CEDRIUM, Cedria. 
CEDROMELA, see Citrus medica. 
CEDRON, see Simaba cedron. 
CEDRONELLA, Melissa-c. Triphylla, Dra- 
cocephalum canariense. 
CEDROS, Juniperus lycia. 
CEDROSTIS, Bryonia alba. 
CEDRUS BACCIFERA, Juniperus sabina- 
c. Mahogani, Sweetenia mahogani. 
CEINTURE, Cingulum, Herpes zoster. 
CEINTURE BLANCHE BE LA CHO- 
RD I DE, Ciliary ligament. 
CEINTURE DARTREUSE, Herpes zoster- 
c. de Hildane, Cingulum Hildani-c. de Vif Ar- 
gent, Cingulum mercuriale. 
CELANDINE, Impatiens-c. Common, Cheli- 
donium majus-c. Lesser, Ranunculus ficaria-c. 
Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum. 
CELAS'TRUS, Celas'tus, Ceano'thus Ameri- 
ca'mis seu triner'vis, Neto Jersey Tea, Red Root. 
Used by the American Indians, in the same man- 
ner as lobelia, for the cure of syphilis. It is 
slightly bitter and somewhat astringent. A 
strong infusion of the dried leaves and seeds has 
been recommended in aphthae, and as a gargle in 
scarlatina. 
Celastrtts Scandens, Climbing Stafftree. A 
climbing American shrub, the bark of which is 
said to possess emetic, diaphoretic, and narcotic 
properties. 
GELATION, (F.) Concealment, from celare, 
'to conceal.' A word used by French medico- 
legal writers for cases where there has been con- 
cealment of pregnancy or delivery. 
CELE, Kfhn, 'a tumour, protrusion, or rupture;' 
a very common suffix, as in hydrocele, bubono- 
cele, Ac. See Hernia. 
CEL'ERY, (F.) Celeri. The English name for 
a variety of Apiwn graveolens. 
Celery, Wild, Bubon galbanum. 
CELETA, see Hernial. 
CELIA, Cerevisia. 
CELIAQUE, Cceliac. 
CELIS, Kn\is, 'a spot, a stain.' A macula, or 
spot on the skin. 
CELL, Celia. A small cavity. The same sig- 
nification as cellule. Also, a vesicle composed 
of a membranous cell-wall, with, usually, liquid 
contents. The whole organized body may be re- 
garded as a congeries of cells having different 
endowments, each set being concerned in special 
acts, connected with absorption, nutrition, and 
secretion, wherever an action of selection or ela- 
boration has to be effected. These cells are gene- 
rally termed primary, elementary, or primordial. 
When they give rise to other cells, they are, at 
times, termed parent or mother cells ; the result- 
ing cells being termed daughter cells. CELL-WALL 
Cell, Apoplectic, see Apoplectic cell - c. 
Bronchic, Cellule, bronchic-c. Calcigerous, see 
Tooth - c. Daughter, see Cell - o. Elementary, 
see Cell. 
Cell, Epider'mic or Epithe'lial. The cells 
or corpuscles that cover the free membranous sur- 
faces of the body, and which form the epidermis 
and epithelium, are termed ' epidermic or epithe- 
lial cells.' They are developed from germs fur- 
nished by the subjacent membrane. 
Cell, Epithelial, Cell, epidermic - c. Fat, 
see Fatty vesicles - o. Germ, Cytoblast-c. Ger- 
minal, see Cytoblast - c. Nucleated, see Cyto- 
blast. 
Cell Life. The life which is possessed by 
the separate cells that form the tissues, and by 
which the nutrition of the tissues is presumed to 
be effected. 
Cell, Mother, see Cell-c. Parent, see Cell. 
Cell, Pigment. Pigment cells are mingled 
with the epidermic cells, and are most manifest 
in the coloured races. They are best seen on the 
inner surface of the choroid of the eye, where 
they form the pigmentum nigrum. 
Cell, Primary, see Cell - c. Primordial, see 
Cell. 
CELL WALL, see Cell. 
CELLA TURCICA, Sella Turcica. 
CELLULA, Cellule. 
CELLULJE, see Colon' - c. Medullares, see 
Medullary membrane - c. Pulmonales, Cellules 
bronchic, see Pulmo-c. Bronchicse, see Cellule. 
CEL'LULAR, Cellula'ris, Cellule'bus, (F.) Cel- 
lulaire. Composed of cells or cellules, from cello, 
or cellula, 'a cell.' 
Cel'lular Mem'brane, Membra'na cellulo'sa, 
M. Cellula'ris,-M. adipo'sa, JI. pinguedino'sa, of 
some, Pannic'ulus adipo'sus,-Membrane formed 
of cellular tissue, (F.) Jlembrane cellulaire. Ge- 
nerally used for the tissue itself. 
Cel'lular System. The whole of the cellular 
tissue of the human body. 
Cellular Tissue, Tela cellula'ris, T. cellu- 
lo'sa, T. Hippoc' ratis cribro'sa, Ethmyphe, reticu- 
la' ted, filamentous, laminated, crib'riform, porous, 
are'olar, and mucous Tissue, Retic'ular or cellular 
substance, Contex'tus cellulo'sub, (F.) Tissu cellu- 
laire, reticule, lamineux, cribleux, poreux, areo- 
laire, muqueux, &c., is the most common of all 
the organic tissues. It contains irregular areolce 
between the fibres, as well as serum, fat, and the 
adipous tissue. Of the fibres, some are of the 
yellow elastic kind; but the greater part are of 
the white fibrous tissue, and they frequently pre- 
sent the form of broad flat bands, in which no 
distinct fibrous arrangement is perceptible. See 
Fibrous. 
The cellular tissue or texture unites every part 
of the body, determines its shape, and by its 
elasticity and contractility, and by the fluid 
which it contains in its cells, facilitates the mo- 
tion of parts on each other. 
Cellular tissue has been divided by anatomists 
into the external, general or common cellular 
tissue - textus cellula'ris interme'dius seu laxus, 
which does not penetrate the organs,-the cellu- 
lar texture which forms the envelopes of organs 
-textus cellula'ris strictus, and that which pene- 
trates into the organs, accompanying and enve- 
loping all their parts, -the textus cellula'ris sti- 
pa'tus, constituting the basis of all the organs. 
It has likewise been termed Textus organ'icus 
seu parenchyma'lis. 
Cellular Tissue of Bones, see Cancelli. 
CEL'LULE, Cel'lula, diminutive of cella, 'a 
cavity.' A small cavity. (F.) Cellule. Cellules 
are the small cavities between the laminae of the 
cellular tissue, corpora cavernosa, <tc. 
185 
CENIPLAM 
Cellules or Cells, Bronchic, Cel'lulce Bron'- 
chica seu Pulmona'les, Pori pulmo'num, Vesic'- 
ultE pulmonales. The air-cells of the lungs. See 
Pulmo. 
CELLULES BR0NCH1QUES, Bronchial 
CELLULITIS VENENATA, see Wound. 
CEL'LULOSE, same etymon as Cellules. The 
substance which is left after the action upon any 
kind of vegetable tissue of such solvents as are 
fitted to dissolve out the matter deposited in its 
cavities and interstices. It has been affirmed, 
that the tunicated or ascidian mollusca have, in 
their integuments, a considerable quantity of it. 
CELLULOSUS, Cellular. 
CELOLOG"IA, from tcr/Xt), 'rupture,' and Xoyoj, 
'a discourse.' The doctrine of hernia. A treatise 
on hernia. 
CELOSO'MUS, from Kr)Xn, ' a rupture,' and 
' body.' A monster in which the trunk is 
malformed, and eventration or displacement of 
the viscera exists. 
CELOTES, see Hernial. 
CELOTOM'IA, Kelotom'ia, Celot'omy, from 
KriX-rj, ' a rupture,' and reyveiv, ' to cut.' An ope- 
ration, formerly employed for the radical cure of 
inguinal hernia; which consisted, principally, in 
passing a ligature round the hernial sac and sper- 
matic vessels. It necessarily occasioned atrophy 
and loss of the testicle; and did not secure the 
patient against the return of the disease. The 
intestines were, of course, not included in the 
ligature. Also, the operation for hernia in gene- 
ral.-Herniot'omy. 
CELOT'OMUS, same etymon. Herniot'omus. 
A knife used in the operation for hernia. Adjec- 
tively, it means relating to celotomy, like Celo- 
tom'icus. 
CELSA. A term, used by Paracelsus for a 
cutaneous disease, dependent, according to him, 
on a false or heterogeneous spirit or vapour, con- 
cealed under the integuments, and endeavouring 
to escape. Perhaps the disease was Urticaria. 
CELSUS, METHOD OF, see Lithotomy. 
CELTIS OCCIDENTA'LIS, Sugarberry, 
Hackberry. Order, Ulmaceae: indigenous, flower- 
ing in May. The bark is said to be anodyne and 
cooling; the berries are sweet and astringent. It 
has been used in dysentery. 
CEMBRO NUTS, see Pinus cembra. 
CEMENT. A glutinous substance introduced 
into a carious tooth to prevent the access of air 
or other extraneous matters. The following is 
an example: (R. Sandarac. £ij; Mastich. 
Succin. gr. x. fEther. £j; Dissolve with the aid 
of heat.) Ostermaier's Cement for the teeth is 
prepared of finely powdered caustic lime, thirteen 
parts; anhydrous phosphoric acid, twelve parts. 
When introduced into a carious tooth, it becomes 
solid in about two minutes. 
CEMENTERIUM, Crucible. 
CEMENTUM, see Tooth. 
CENANGIA, Ceneangia. 
CENCHRON, Panicuni miliaceum. 
CENDRE, Cineritious. 
CENDRE DU LEVANT, Soda. 
CENDRES GRAVELEES, see Potash -c. 
de Sarinent, see Potash. 
CENEANGI'A, Cenangi'a, from kcvos, 'empty, 
and ayyeiov, ' n vessel.' Inanition. Empty state 
of vessels.-Galen. 
CENEMBATE'SIS, from Kivog, 'empty,' and 
cpPaivu, 'I enter.' Paracentesis. Also, the act 
of probing a wound or cavity; Melo'sis. 
CENEONES, Flanks. 
CENIGDAM, Ceniplam. 
CENIGOTAM, Ceniplam. 
CENIPLAM, Cenigdam, Cenigotam, Cenyjo. CENIPOTAM 
lam. The name of an instrument anciently used 
for opening the head in epilepsy.-Paracelsus. 
CENIPOTAM, Ceniplam. 
C E N 0' SIS, from kcvos, ' empty.' Ine'sis, 
Inethmos. Evacuation. It is sometimes em- 
ployed synonymously with inanition, and op- 
posed to repletion,-Exinanit"io. 
CENOT'ICA, from Ktvinais, 'evacuation.' Dis- 
eases affecting the fluids. Morbid discharges or 
excess, deficiency or irregularity of such as are 
natural. The first order, class Genetica, of Good; 
CENTAU'REA BEHEN, Serrat'ula behen, 
liehen abiad, Behen album, Been, White Behen. 
Ord. Gentianese. Astringent. 
Centau'rea Benedic'ta, Car'duus benedic'tus, 
Onicus sylves'tris, Cnicus benedic'tus, Cardiobot'- 
anum, Blessed or Holy Thistle, (F.) Chardon 
binit. Fam. Cynarocephaleae. Sex. Syst. Syn- 
genesia Polygamia frustranea. A strong decoc- 
tion of the herb is emetic : - a strong infusion, 
diaphoretic (?); a light infusion, tonic and sto- 
machic. Dose, gr. xv to 3.j of the powder. 
Centau'rea Calcitra'pa, Calcitra'pa, Calca- 
trep'pola, Car'duus solstitia'lis, Carduus Stella'tus, 
Ja'eea ramosis'sima, Cacotrib'ulus, Calcitrap'pa 
Stella'ta seu hippophcestum, Stella'ta rupi'na, 
Centau'rea Stella'ta, Common Star- Thistle, Star- 
Knapweed, (F.) Centauree etoilee, Chardon etoile, 
Chaussetrappe, Pignerole. It is possessed of 
tonic properties, and has been given in inter- 
mittents, dyspepsia, <fce. It is not much used. 
Centau'rea Centau'rium, Rhapon'ticum vul- 
ga're, Centaurium maynum, Centaurium majus, 
Greater Cen'taury, Centaurium officina'le, (F.) 
Centauree grande. It is a bitter; and was for- 
merly used as a tonic, especially the root. 
Centau'rea Cy'anus, Cy'anus, Blue bottle, 
Corn-flower, (F.) Blavelle, Blaviole, Blaverolle. 
The flowers were once much used as a cordial, 
tonic, <tc. They are now forgotten. 
Centaurea Stellata, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
CENTAUREE ETOILEE, Centaurea calci- 
trapa-c. Grande, Centaurea centaurium-c. Pe- 
tite, Chironia centaurium. 
CENTAUREUM, Chironia centaurium. 
CENTAURIS, Chironia centaurium. 
CENTAURIUM MAGNUM, Centaurea cen- 
taurium-c. Minus vulgare, Chironia centaurium 
- c. Officinale, Centaurea centaurium - c. Par- 
vum, Chironia centaurium. 
CENTAURY, AMERICAN, Chironia angu- 
laris-c. Greater, Centaurea centaurium-c. Les- 
ser, Chironia centaurium. 
CENTESIS, Paracentesis, Puncture. 
CENTIGRAMME, (F.) from centum, 'a hun- 
dred,' and ypayya, 'gramme,' Centigram'ma. 
The hundredth part of a gramme. A centi- 
gramme is equal to about the fifth part of a 
French grain, gr. .1543, Troy. 
CENTILITRE, Centili'tra, from centum, 'a 
hundred,' and Xirpa, 'litre.' An ancient Greek 
measure for liquids: - the hundredth part of a 
litre-equal to nearly 2.7053 fluidrachms. 
CENTIMETRE, Centim'eter ; the hundredth 
part of a metre - equal to about four lines. 
.3937 English inch. 
CENTIMORBIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
CENTINERVIA, Plantago. 
CENTINODE, Polygonum aviculare. 
CENTINODIA, Polygonum aviculare. 
CENTO VIRGINALIS, Hymen. 
CENTRAD, see Central aspect. 
CENTRADIAPH'ANES, Catarac'ta centra'- 
hs, from KevTpov, ' centre,' a, privative, and iia- 
'transparent.' Cataract owing to obscurity 
of the central portion of tho crystalline. 
186 
CENTRUM 
CENTRAL, Centra'Us, from centrum, 'the 
centre.' Relating or appertaining to the centre. 
Central Ar'tery of the Ret'ina, Arte'ria 
Centra'lie Ret'inee, Central Artery of Zinn. 
This artery is given off from the arteria oph- 
thalmica, and penetrates the optic nerve a little 
behind the ball of the eye; running in the 
axis of the nerve, and spreading out into many 
small branches upon the inside of the retina. 
When the nerve is cut across near the eye, the 
orifice of the divided artery is observable. This 
was formerly called Porus Op'ticus. 
Central Aspect. An aspect towards the 
centre of an organ. - Barclay. Centrad is used 
by the same writer adverbially, to signify ' to- 
wards the central aspect.' 
CENTRE OF ACTION. The viscus in which 
the whole or a great part of any function is exe- 
cuted, and to which several other organs contri- 
bute. Thus, the vital activity seems to be wholly 
centred in the stomach, during chymification; 
in the duodenum, during chylification. In like 
manner, the uterus becomes a centre of action 
during gestation. 
Centre, Epigas'tric. The ganglions and ner- 
vous plexuses, formed by the great sympathetic 
and pneumoga§tric nerves, in the epigastrium, 
around the ceeliac artery; where the impressions 
received from various parts of the body seem to 
be centred. 
Centre of Flux'ion. The part towards which 
fluids are particularly attracted. An irritated 
organ is said to be a centre of fluxion. 
Centres, Nervous, (F.) Centres nerveux. The 
organs, whence the nerves originate; as the brain 
and spinal marrow. 
Centre, Optic, see Optic centre. 
Centre, Oval, Centrum Ova'le, C. 0. Vieusse'- 
nii, Tegumen'tum ventriculo'rum cer'ebri. When 
the two hemispheres of the brain are sliced away, 
till on a level with the corpus callosum, the me- 
dullary part in each is of an oval shape: hence 
called centrum ovale minus, (F.) centre medullaire 
hemispheral. The two centres of the opposite 
sides, together with the corpus callosum, form 
the centrum ovale of Vieus'sens. Vieussens sup- 
posed all the medullary fibres to issue from that 
point, and that it was the great dispensatory of 
the animal spirits. 
Centre, Phrenic, Ten'dinous Centre of the 
Di'aphragm, Centrum Phren'icum, C. Ner'veum 
or C. Tendino'sum seu tendin'eum, (F.) Centre 
phrenique ou C. tendineux du Diaphragme. The 
central aponeurosis or cordiform tendon of the 
diaphragm. 
Centre of Sympathetic Irradia'tions, (F.) 
Centre d'irradiations sympathiques. Any organ 
which excites, sympathetically, the action of 
other organs, more or less distant from it; and 
with which it seems to have no immediate com- 
munication.-Marjolin. 
Centre, Tendinous, of the Diaphragm, 
Centre, phrenic. 
CENTROMYRINE, Ruscus. 
CENTRUM, see Vertebras - c. Commune, So- 
lar plexus-c. Nerveum, Centre, phrenic-c. Op- 
ticum, Optic centre - c. Ovale, Centre, oval - c. 
Ovale minus, see Centre, oval-c. Ovale of Vieus- 
sens, Centre, oval - c. Semicirculare geminum, 
Tasnia semicircularis - c. Tendinosum, Centre, 
phrenic. 
Centrum Vita'le, Nodus seu Fons vita'lis, 
(F.) Noeud vital. A term applied, at times, to 
the medulla oblongata; at others, to the medulla 
oblongata, and the medulla spinalis as far as the 
second cervical nerve of the spinal marrow, in 
any part of which a wound would seem to be in- GENTRY 
Btantly fatal. It is the nervous centre of respi- 
ration and deglutition. 
GENTRY, Chironia angularis. 
CENTUM CAPITA, Eryngium campestre. 
CENTUMNODIA, Polygonum avieulare. 
CEP A ASCALONICA, Bulbus esculentus, 
Echalotte - c. Victorialis, Allium victoriale - c. 
Vulgaris, Allium cepa. 
CEPjEA. Veronica beccabunga. 
CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, Ipecacuanha. 
CEPHALAS'A, Headach, (F.) Ciphalie, from 
KerpaXt), 'head.' Some use the term synonymously 
with cephalalgia; others, for a periodical head- 
ach ; others, again, for a more violent headach 
than cephalalgia implies; and others for a chronic 
headach. The last was its ancient signification. 
Cephalee'a spasmod'ica, Cephalal'gia spasmod'- 
ica, 0. Nauseo'sa, Sick-headach, is characterized 
by partial, spasmodic pain; often shifting from 
one part of the head to another: chiefly com- 
mencing in the morning, with sickness and faint- 
ness. It is extremely apt to recur, notwithstand- 
ing every care. 
Cephal.ea Arthritica, Cephalagra - c. He- 
micrania, Hemicrania - c. Nauseosa, C. Spas- 
modica - c. Pulsatilis, Crotaphe. 
CEPHALJEMATO'MA, from Kt<]>a\n, 'head,' 
and 'aiya, 'blood;' Cephaloemato'ma neonato'rum, 
Ecchymo'ma cap'itis, E. capitis recent nato'rum, 
Thrombus neonato'rum, Absces'sus cap'itis san- 
guin'eus neonatorum, Tumor cap'itis sanguin'eus 
neonato'rnm, Cephalophy'ma, Craniohcematon'cue. 
A sanguineous tumour, sometimes developed be- 
tween the pericranium and the bones of the head 
of new-born children. Similar tumours are met 
with occasionally above other bones, and at all 
periods of existence. 
Cephalhematoma Neonatorum, Cephalaema- 
toma. 
CEPHALAS'MIA, Hypera'mia cer'ebri, H. 
Cap'itis, EncephalohcB'mia, (F.) Hyper emi e ou 
Congestion du cerveau, Encephaloheutie, H. ciri- 
brale, Congestion ciribrale. Accumulation of 
blood in the vessels of the brain. 
CEPHALAGO'GUS, Cephaloduc'tor, Capiti- 
duc'tor, from 'head,' and ayisyos, 'a 
leader, a driver.' An instrument used for draw- 
ing down the fcetal head. 
CEPH'ALAGRA, from Kt<pa\n, 'the head,' and 
aypa, ' seizure.' Cephala'a arthrit'ica, Menin- 
gi'tis arthrit'ica. Gout in the head. 
CEPHALAGRA'PHIA, from Kt<pa\n, 'the 
head,' and ypaipn, 'a description.' An anatomical 
description of the head. 
CEPHALAL'GIA, Cephalopo 'nia, Cephalo- 
dyn'ia, Encephalodyn'ia, Homonopa'gia, from 
Kctpahr), ' the head,' and a\yo(, ' pain;' Encepha- 
lal'gia, Dolor Cap'itis, D. cephal'icus, Soda, Pain 
in the head; Headach, (F.) Ce'phalalgie, Mai d 
tete. Every kind of headach, whether symp- 
tomatic or idiopathic, is a cephalalgia. It is 
ordinarily symptomatic, and has to be treated 
accordingly. 
Cephalalgia Contagiosa, Influenza - c. In- 
flammatoria, Phrenitis. 
Cephalalgia Period'ica, Febris intermit'tens 
cephal'tea larva'ta, Intermittent headach. Head- 
ach which returns periodically; properly, per- 
haps, a form of neuralgia. 
Cephalalgia Pulsatilis, Crotaphe-c. Spas- 
modica, see Cephalrea. 
CEPHALALOG"IA, from Ke<f>a.\n, 'the head,' 
and hoyof, ' a discourse.' An anatomical disser- 
tation on the head. 
CEP HAL AN THE D'AMERIQUE, Cepha- 
lanthus occidentalis. 
CEPHALAN'THUS OCCIDENTA'LIS, But- 
tonuiood shrub, Buttonbush, White Ball, Little 
187 
Snowball, Swampwood, Pond Dogwood, Globe- 
flower, (F.) Cephalanthe d'Amtrique, Bole de 
Marais. An ornamental shrub, Nat. Ord. Ru- 
biaceae; Sex. Sy st. Tetrandria Monogynia, which 
grows all over the United States, near streams 
and ponds, and flowers in July and August. 
The bark of the root has been used as an anti- 
periodic tonic. 
CEPHALARTICA, Cephalic remedies. 
CEPHALATOM'IA, Cephalotom'ia, from 
«</>aX>?, 'the head/ and rcyvcrv, 'to cut.' Ana- 
tomy, or dissection, or opening of the head. 
CEPHALE, Head. 
CEPHALIC, Cephal'icus, Capita'lis, from 
KiQaXy, 'the head.' (F.) Cephalique. Relating 
to the head. 
Cephal'ic Rem'edies, Cephal'ica vel Capita'- 
lia remed'ia, are remedies capable of relieving 
affections of the head, especially headach: - 
Cephalar' tica. 
Cephal'ic Vein, Vena Cephal'ica, Vena Cap'- 
itis, (F.) Veine cephalique, Veine radiale cutanie 
of Chaussier. The great superficial vein at the 
outer part of the arm and fore-arm. It begins 
on the back of the hand, by a number of radicles, 
which unite into a single trunk, called the Ceph- 
alic of the Thumb, Cephal'ica Pol'licis, (F.) Veine 
cephalique du pouce. It ascends along the ante- 
rior and outer part of the fore-arm, where it forms 
the superficial radial. At the fold of the elbow 
it receives the median cephalic, ascends along the 
outer edge of the biceps, and opens into the axil- 
lary vein. The name Cephalic was given to it by 
the ancients, because they thought it had some 
connexion with the head, and that blood-letting 
ought to be performed on it, in head affections. 
Chaussier calls the internal jugular, Veine ce- 
phalique, and the primary or common carotid, 
Artdre cephalique. 
CEPHALIDIUM, see Caput. 
CEPHALI'NE. The base or root of the tongue. 
-Gorraeus. 
CEPHALIS, see Caput. 
CEPHALITIS, Phrenitis. 
CEPHALIUM, see Caput. 
CEPHALODUCTOR, Cephalagogus. 
CEPHALODYM'IA, Encephalodym'ia; from 
' head,' and <Jvw, ' I enter into.' A class 
of double monstrosities, in which the heads are 
united. It is divided into two genera, Fronto- 
dym'ia and Bregmatodym'ia ; in the former the 
union being between the ossa frontis ; in the lat- 
ter between the bregmata.-Cruveilhier. - 
CEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
CEPHALCEDEMA, Hydrocephalus. 
CEPHALOID, Encephaloid. 
CEPHALOMA, Encephaloid. 
CEPHALO-MENINGITIS, Meningo-cepha- 
litis. 
CEPHALOM'ETER, from Kttyahn, 'the head/ 
and fitrpov, 'measure.' An instrument for mea- 
suring the different dimensions of the foetal head, 
during the process of accouchement. A kind of 
forceps. 
CEPHALON'OSUS, from 'the head/ 
and voaos, 'disease.' This term has been applied 
to the Febris Hungar'ica, in which the head was 
much affected. See Fever, Hungaric. Others 
have so called any cerebral disease or fever. 
CEPHALOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
CEPH'ALO-PHARYNGAS'US, from 
'the head/ and 'the pharynx :' belonging 
to the head and pharynx. Winslow has given 
this name to the portion of the constrictor pha- 
ryngis superior, which is attached, above, to the 
inferior surface of the basilary process of the os 
occipitis. The Ceph' alo-pharynge' al Aponeuro'- CEPHALOPHYMA 
»w is a thin, fibrous membrane, which is attached 
to the basilary process, and gives insertion to the 
fibres of the constrictor superior pharyngis. 
CEPHALOPHYMA, Cephalaematoma. 
CEPHALOPONIA, Cephalalgia. 
CEPHALO-RACHIDIAN, Cephalo-spinal. 
CEPHALOSOMATODYM'IA, Encephaloso- 
matodym'ia; from rc0aX>;, 'head,' a<npa, 'body,' 
and <5ua>, ' I enter into.' A double monstrosity, 
in which the union is between the heads and the 
trunks. Of this there are varieties :-for exam- 
ple, hifra-maxillostermodym'ia, where the union 
is with the inferior maxillary bones and sterna; 
and Prosoposternodym'ia, between the faces and 
sterna.-Cruveilhier. 
CEPHALO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spina'lis, Ceph'- 
alo-rachid'ian,Cerebrospinal, Cranio-spinal. A 
hybrid term, from 'head,' and spina, 
'spine.' Belonging to the head and spine. 
Ceph'alo-spinal Fluid, Cephalo-rachid'ian 
fluid, Cerebrospinal fluid, Flu'idum cer'ebro- 
spina'le, Subarachnoidean fluid, is an exhaled 
fluid, which is found beneath the arachnoid, 
wherever pia mater exists in connexion with the 
brain and spinal cord. It seems to have a pro- 
tecting office, and to keep up a certain degree of 
pressure on the organ,-at least in the spinal 
canal. 
CEPHALOTHORACOSTERU'MENUS, from 
Kt<ba\n, 'head,' Owpaf, 'the chest,' and creptiv, 'to 
rob.' A monster without head or chest. 
CEPHALOTOMIA, Eccephalosis. 
CEPHALOTRIBE, (F.) An instrument in- 
vented by Baudelocque, the nephew, for crushing 
the head of the foetus in utero; from KefyaXr), ' the 
head,' and rp</?w, ' I bruise.' It consists of a 
strong forceps, the blades of which are solid : 16 
lines broad, and 3 thick. The handles are per- 
forated at their extremity to receive a screw with 
three threads, the direction of which is very ob- 
lique, so as to allow great rapidity of rotation, 
and the screw is moved by a winch 6 inches long, 
to increase the force of the pressure. The bones 
cf the head are easily crushed by it. 
CEPHALOTRIP'SY, Cephalotrip'sis; same 
etymon as Cepbalotribe. The operation of crush- 
ing the head of the foetus in utero. 
CEPHALOTRYPESIS, Trepanning. 
CEPHALOXIA, Torticollis. 
CEPULLA, Allium cepa. 
CER, Heart. 
CERA FLAVA et CERA ALBA, Ceros, Yel- 
low and White Wax, (F.) Cire Jaune et Blanche. 
An animal substance prepared by the bee, and 
by some plants, as the Cerox'ylon and Myri'ca 
cerif'era. Its colour is yellow, and smell like 
that of honey, but both are lost by bleaching. 
It is demulcent and emollient; is sometimes given 
in the form of emulsion, in diarrhoea and dysen- 
tery. but is chiefly used in cerates and ointments. 
CERjE'jE, from repay, ' a horn,' Ktpaiai. The 
Cornua of the uterus.-Rufus of Ephesus. 
CERAMICS, Cerami'tis, from xcpapos, ' pot- 
ter's earth.' A sort of earth used as a cataplasm 
in peripneumony.-Hippocrates. 
CERAMIUM, Amphora - c. Helminthochor- 
tus, Corallina Corsicana. 
CERAMNIUM, Amphora. 
CERAMURIA, see Urine. 
CERANTHEMUS, Propolis. 
CERAS, tapas, 'genitive,' taparos, 'horn,' Cor- 
nu; also, the Cornea. Hence, Ceratectomia, 
Ceratocele, <fcc. 
CERASION, see Prunus cerasus. 
CERAS'MA, from scpavvvpi, 'to mix:' some- 
thing mixed. A mixture of hot and cold water. 
Metaceras'ma.-Gorrseus. 
CERASUM, see Prunus cerasus. 
188 
CERATITES 
CERASUS ACIDA, Primus cerasus - c. Avi- 
um, Prunus avinum, P. nigra-c. Dulcis, Prunus 
nigra-c. Hortensis, Prunus cerasus - c. Lauro- 
cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus.- c. Padus, Prunus 
padus - c. Racemosus sylvestris, Prunus padus 
-o. Rubra, Prunus cerasus-c. Serotina, Prunus 
Virginiana-c. Virginiana, Prunus Virginiana- 
c. Vulgaris, Prunus cerasus. 
BLANC ou BE GALIEN, Ceratum 
Galeni-c. de Blanc de Baleine, Ceratum cetacei 
- c. de Goulard, Ceratum plumbi-c. pour les 
Livres, Cerate for the lips - c. de Plomb compost, 
Ceratum plumbi compositum - c. de Savon, Ce- 
ratum Saponis-c. de Suracetate de plomb, Cera- 
tum plumbi superacetatis. 
CE'RATE, Cera'tum, from Knpa;, Lat. cera, 
' wax,' Cerela'um, Cero'ma, Cero'nium, Cero'tum, 
Ceratomalag'ma, (F.) Cerat. A composition of 
wax, oil, or lard, without other ingredients. 
Cerate, Simple Cerate, Cera'tum, Cera'tum 
simplex. (F.) Cirat Simple. [White wax, 
Lard, It is applied as an emollient to 
excoriations, <fcc. 
Cerate, Belleville's, see Unguentum Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydi. 
Cerate of Cal'amine, Cera'tum Calami'nce, 
C. Calamin. prcepar., C. Carbona'tis zinci im- 
pu'ri, C. Zinci Carbona'tis, Cera'tum lap'idis Ca- 
lamina'ris, Cera'tum epulot'icum, Cerate of Car- 
bonate of Zinc, Turner's Cerate, Healing Salve, 
(F.) Cirat de Pierre Calaminaire, C. de Calamine, 
Calamin., Cera fava, aa adipis, ibj. Melt 
the wax and lard together, and, on cooling, add 
the carbonate of zinc and stir till cool.-Ph. U. S.) 
Cerate of Canthar'ides, Cera'tum Canthar'- 
idis, Blister Ointment, Ointment of Spanish Flies, 
Unguen'tum ad vesicato'ria, Unguen'tum Pul'veris 
Mel'oes vesicato'rii, Ung. epispas'ticum for'tius, 
Cera'tum Lytta, (F.) Cerat de Cantharides. 
(Spermaceti cerate Jvj, Cantharides in powder, 
Zj- The cerate being softened by heat, stir in 
the flies.) This cerate of the European Pharma- 
copoeias is used to keep blisters, issues, <te., open. 
See Unguentum Lytta?. For the Cerate of Spa- 
nish flies of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, see Em- 
plastrum Lytta?. 
Cerate, Goulard's, Ceratum Plumbi compo- 
situm. 
Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. (Diachyl. 
Jviij, olive oil prepared chalk §iv: when 
nearly cool, add Acet. dest. plumb, superacet. 
3iij.) A cooling emollient. 
Cerate or Poma'tum for the Lips, Cera'tum 
labia'le rubrum, Pomma'tum ad labia demulcen'- 
da.-Ph. P. (F.) Cirat ou Pommade pour les 
levres, ( Wax 9 parts; oil 16 parts; - coloured 
with alkanet.) 
Cerate, Lead, Compound, Ceratum plumbi 
compositum. 
Cerate, Marshall's. (Palm oil gvi. calomel 
sugar of lead ointment of nitrate of mer- 
cury 
Cerate, Resin, Compound, Ceratum Resinae 
compositum - c. Savine, Ceratum sabina? - c. 
Soap, Ceratum saponis - c. Spermaceti, Ceratum 
cetacei - c. of Superacetate or sugar of lead, Ce- 
ratum plumbi superacetatis - c. Turner's, Cerate 
of calamine - c. of Carbonate of zinc, Cerate of 
calamine. 
CERATECTOM'IA, from sepas, 'the cornea,' 
and tKTopoi, ' cut out.' An incision through the 
cornea. See Ceratotomia. 
CERATIA, Ceratonium siliqua. 
CERATI'ASIS, from icepas, 'horn.' A morbid 
condition characterized by corneous growths. 
CERATION, Siliqua. 
CERATI'TIS, Kerati'tis, from Ktpas, 'the cor- 
nea,' and itis, ' inflammation.' Inflammation of CERATIUM 
the cornea, Cerati'tis, Ceratodei'tis, Ceratomenin- 
gi'tis, Cornei'tit, Inflamma,'tio cor'nece. 
CERATIUM, Ceratonium siliqua. 
CER'ATO, in composition, in the names of 
muscles, is used for the cornua of the os hyoides; 
-as Cerato-glossus. 
CERATOCE'LE, Aquula, Uva'tio, Prominen' - 
t.'a Oor'nea, Hernia Cor'nece, Ceratodeoce' le, from 
Ktpus, ' horn,' and KrjXri, ' tumour.' A protrusion 
of the transparent cornea, or rather of the mem- 
brane of the aqueous humour through an opening 
in the cornea. 
CERATODEITIS, Ceratitis. 
CERATODEOCELE, Ceratocele. 
CERATODEONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
CERATODES MEMBRANA, Cornea. 
CERATOGLOS'SUS, Keratoglos'sus, from kc- 
pas, ' horn,' and yXaiaaa, ' the tongue.' A muscle, 
extending from the great cornu of the os hyoides 
to the base of the tongue. It is a part of the 
hyoglossus. 
CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
CERATOLEUCOMA, Leucoma. 
CERATO'MA, Cerato'sis, from Ktpaj, 'horn.' 
A horny growth, or horny formation. 
CERATO-MALAGMA, Cerate. 
CERATO-MENINGITIS, Ceratitis. 
CERATO-MENINX, Cornea. 
CERATO'NIA SIL'IQUA. The Carol Tree, 
Cera'tium, Cera'tia, Sil'iqua dulcis, Caro'ba Al- 
nabati, Sweetpod, (F.) Caroubier [Fruit, Ca- 
rougei) This-the fruit of the Ceratonia siliqua 
- is mucilaginous, and employed in decoction, 
where mucilages are indicated. 
CERATONYX'IS, Keratonyx'is, Ceratodeo- 
nyx'is, from icepas, ' the cornea,' and vva<ni>, ' I 
puncture.' An operation by which the crystal- 
line is depressed by means of a needle introduced 
into the eye through the cornea. Some divide 
the crystalline into fragments with the needle, 
and leave them to the action of the absorbents. 
The operation is as old as the 17th century. 
CER'ATO-PHARYNGE'US, Ker'ato-Pharyn- 
ge'us, from Kcpas, 'horn,' and 'the pha- 
rynx.' The great and small Cer'ato-pharynge'i 
are small fleshy bundles, forming part of the 
Hyopharyngeus of Winslow. 
CERATOPLAS'TICE, from Kcpas, 'the cor- 
nea,' and irXaariKoi, 'forming, formative.' The 
operation for the formation of an artificial cornea. 
It has not been practised on man. 
CERATORRIIEX'IS, Rtiptu'ra cor'nece, from 
xcpa;, 'the cornea,' and 'rupture.' Rupture 
of the cornea. 
CERATOSIS, Ceratoma. 
CER'ATO-STAPHYLI'NUS, Ker'ato-staphy- 
li'nus, from Ktpas, 'horn,' and araq>vXtt, 'the uvu- 
la.' Some fleshy fibres of the Thyro-Staphylinus 
of Winslow. 
CERATOTOM'IA, Ceratectom'ia, from xepaj, 
'cornea,' and reyveiv, 'to cut.' Section of the 
transparent cornea. This incision is used in the 
operation for cataract, to give exit to pus effused 
in the eye, in case of hypopyon, Ac. 
CERATOT'OMUS, Keratot'omus, Ker at' omus, 
from tapas, 'cornea,' and reyvetv, 'to cut.' A 
name given by Wenzel to his knife for dividing 
the transparent cornea, in the operation for cata- 
ract. Many modifications of the instrument have 
been made since Wenzel's time. See Knife, 
cataract. 
CERATUM, Cerate-c. Album, Ceratum ceta- 
cei, Ceratum Galeni-c. de Althaefl, Unguentum 
de Althsea - c. Calaniinae, Cerate of Calamine- 
c. Cantharidis, Cerate of Cantharides, Emplas- 
trum Lyttae - c. de Cerussa, Unguentum plumbi 
subcarbonatis. 
Cera'tum Ceta'cei, Cera'tum spermaceti, Ce- 
189 
CERATUM 
ra'tum album, C. Ceti, Unguen'tum adipoce'ra 
ceto'rum, Linimen'turn album,Emplas'trum Sperm'- 
atis Ceti, Spermaceti Cerate, (F.) Cerat de blanc 
de baleine. (Spermaceti §j, white wax olive 
oil Ph. U. S.) A good emollient to ul- 
cers, Ac. 
Ceratum Ceti, Ceratum cetacei - c. Cicuta?, 
Ceratum conii - c. Citrinum, Ceratum resinre. 
Cera'tum Coni'i, Cera'tum Cicu'ta. (Ung. 
conii ibj, cetacei ;jij, cera alba 5iij.) A formula 
in Bartholomew's Hospital: occasionally applied 
to cancerous, scrofulous sores, Ac. 
Ceratum Epuloticum, Cerate of calamine. 
Cera'tum Gale'ni, Cera'tum album, C.refrig"- 
erans Gale'ni, Unguen'tum cera'tum, U. amygda- 
li'num, U. simplex, Emplas'trum ad fontic'ulos, 
O'leo-cera'tum aqud subac'tum, Cold Cream, (F.) 
Cerat blanc ou de Galien. ( wax 4 parts; 
oil of sweet almonds 16 parts; add, when melted, 
water or rose-water 12 parts. Ph. P.) A mild 
application to chaps, Ac. 
Ceratum Labiale Rubrum, Cerate for the 
lips - c. Lapidis calaminaris, Ctjrate of calamine 
- c. Lithargyri acetati compositum, Ceratum 
plumbi compositum - c. Lyttae, Cerate of can- 
tharides-c. Mercuriale, Unguentum hydrargyri 
-c. Picatum, Pisselaeum. 
Ceratum Plumbi Compos'itum, Cera'tum Li- 
thar'gyri Aceta'ti Compos'itum, Goulard's Oint- 
ment, Cera'tum subaceta'ti plumbi medica'tum, C. 
Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Ph.U.S.), Cera'tum Satur'- 
ni, Compound Lead Cerate, Goulard's Cerate, (F.) 
Cerat de Goulard, C. de Plomb comr>os£. (Liq. 
plumb, subacet. Jjiiss; cera fava, Jjiv; ol. oliv. 
§ix; camphora, Ph. U. S.) Its virtues are 
the same as the next. 
Ceratum Plumbi Superaceta'tis, Unguen'- 
tum Oerus'sa Aceta'ta, Cerate of Superacetate or 
Sugar of Lead, Cera'tum Plumbi Aceta'tis, Un- 
guentum Acetatis Plumbi, (F.) Cerat de suracetate 
de Plomb. (Acetate of lead, £ij; white wax, Jjij; 
olive oil, ibss.) Cooling and astringent. 
Ceratum Refrigerans Galeni, Ceratum Ga- 
leni. 
Ceratum C. Resi'na fava, C. cit'ri- 
num, Unguen'tum basil'icon flavum, Ung. Resi'na 
fava, Ung. Resino'sum, Resin Cerate or Oint- 
ment, Yellow Basil'icon, Basil'icon Ointment. 
(Resin, flav. Cera flav. §ij; Adipis, 5viij; 
Ph. U. S.) A stimulating application to old ul- 
cers, Ac. Digestive. 
Dr. Smellome's Ointment for the Eyes consists 
of finely powdered verdigris, gss, rubbed with 
oil, and then mixed with an ounce of ceratum 
resin a. 
Ceratum Resi'njb Compos'itum, Compound 
Resin Cerate, (Resin., Sevi, Cera fava, aa ibj; 
Terebinth, ibss ; Ol. Lini, Oss. Melt together, 
strain through linen, and stir till cool. Ph. U.S.) 
Ceratum Sabi'nas, Unguentum Sabina, Savine 
Cerate, (F.) Cerat de Sabine. (Savine, in pow- 
der, ; Resin Cerate, ibj. Ph. U. S.) Irrita- 
tive, 'drawing.' Used in the same cases as the 
cerate of cantharides. 
Ceratum Sapo'nis, Soap Cerate, (F.) Cerat de 
Savon. (Liq. Plumb, subacetat., Oij ; Sapon. §vj ; 
Cera alba, 01. oliva, Oj. Boil the solution 
of subacetate of lead with the soap over a slow 
fire, to the consistence of honey, then transfer to 
a water-bath, and evaporate until all the moisture 
is dissipated; lastly, add the wax, previously 
melted with the oil, and mix.-Ph. U. S.) It is 
applied in cases of sprains or fractures. 
Ceratum Saturni, Ceratum Plumbi composi- 
tum-c. Simplex, Cerate simple-c. Spermaceti, 
Ceratum cetacei - c. Subacetati plumbi medica- 
tum, Ceratum plumbi compositum-c. Tetraphar- 
macum, Pisselteum. CERAUNION 
Ceratum Zinci Carbonatis, Cerate of Car- 
bonate of Zinc. (Zinci carbona,t. praparat. Jij ; 
Ung. simpl. Jx. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
cases as the Ceratum Calaminae. 
CERAU'NION, from lapavvo;, 'thunder,' 'a 
thunderbolt.' Lapis fulmin' eus. A kind of stone, 
which was believed to be formed during thunder; 
and to be possessed of the power of inducing 
sleep, and numerous other prophylactic virtues. 
It was rubbed on the knee, breast, Ac., in swell- 
ings of those parts. 
CERBERUS TRICEPS, Pulvis cornachini. 
CERCA'RIA. A genus of agastric, infusory 
animalcules, one of the most curious of which 
inhabits the tartar of the teeth. The spermatozoa 
are presumed by some to belong to this genus. 
CERCHNASMUS, Cerchnus. 
CERCHNOMA, Cerchnus. 
CERCHNUS, Cerchnas'mus, Cerchnum, Cerch- 
no'ma, from 'I render hoarse.' A rough 
voice produced by hoarseness. See Rattle. 
CER'CIS, ncpKis. A sort of pestle for reducing 
substances to powder. Also, the radius or small 
bone of the arm. See Pilum, and Radius. 
CERCLE, Circulus-c. de la Choroide, Ciliary 
ligament-c. Ciliare, Ciliary ligament. 
CERCO'SIS, from Kcxpoy, 'a tail.' Men'tula 
mulie'bris, the Clit'oris. Some authors have em- 
ployed the word synonymously with nymphoma- 
nia and elongation of the clitoris; and -with.Poly- 
pus Uteri, the Sarco'ma Cerco'sis of Sauvages. 
Cercosis Clitoridis, Clitorism - c. Externa, 
Clitorism. S 
CEREA, Cerumen. 
CEREA'LIA, from Ceres, 'goddess of corn.' 
(F.) Cereales (Plantes.) The cerealia are gra- 
mineous plants, the seed of which serve for the 
nourishment of man :-as wheat, barley, rye, Ac. 
At times, the same term is applied to some of the 
leguminous plants. 
CEREBARIA, Carebaria. 
CEREBEL'LA URI'NA. Urine of a whitish 
appearance, of the colour of the brain or cerebel- 
lum, from which Paracelsus thought he could 
distinguish diseases of that organ. 
CEREBELLI'TIS, badly formed from cere- 
bellum, and itis, denoting inflammation. Paren- 
cephali'tis, Inflamma'tio cerebel'li. Inflammation 
of the cerebellum: a variety of phrenitis or ence- 
phalitis. 
CEREBEL'LOUS, Cerebello' sue, from cerebel- 
lum, ' the little brain.' (F.) CirLbelleux. Chaus- 
sier has given this epithet to the vessels of the 
cerebellum. These are three in number; two 
of which are inferior: the larger, inferior cere- 
belli, which arises from the posterior cerebral or 
vertebral; and the smaller, whose existence is 
not constant, from the meso-cephalic or basilary: 
-the third, called A. cerebelleuse euperieure (su- 
perior cerebelli,) is also a branch of the basilary. 
Cerebel'lous Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia cere- 
bello'sa: apoplexy of the cerebellum. 
CEREBEL'LUM, diminutive of Cerebrum; C. 
parvum,Appen'dix ad cer'ebrum, Cer'ebrum paste'- 
rius, Encra'nion, Encra'nis, Epencra'nis, Paren- 
cepk'alis, Parenceph' alus, Encephal'ium, Enceph'- 
al is opis'thius, Mier encepha'Hum, Micrenceph'a- 
lum, Little brain, (F.) Cervelet. A portion of the 
medullary mass, contained in the cavity of the 
cranium. It fills the lower occipital fossae below 
the tentorium, and embraces the tuber annulare 
and medulla. It is composed, like the brain, of 
vesicular and tubular substance, arranged in 
laminae, as it were; so that, when a section is 
made of it, it has an arborescent appearance, 
called Arbor vitce. The cerebellum is divided 
into two lobes or hemispheres or lateral masses, 
and each lobe is again subdivided into Montic'uli 
CEREBRUM 
or Lobules. In the cerebellum are to be observed 
the crura cerebelli, the fourth ventricle, the val- 
vula magna cerebri, the processus vermiculares, 
superior and inferior, &c. 
CER'EBRAL, Cerebra'lis, (F.) Ciribral, from 
cerebrum, ' the brain.' Belonging to the brain: 
similar to brain. 
Cerebral Apophysis, Pineal gland. 
Cerebral Ar'teries are three on each side : 
- the anterior or artery of the corpus callosum, 
and the middle, arte'ria Sylvia'na, are furnished 
by the internal carotid : - the posterior or poste- 
rior and inferior artery of the brain, A. profunda 
cerebri, arises from the vertebral. Chaussier 
calls these arteries lobaires, because they corre- 
spond with the anterior, middle, and posterior 
lobes, whilst he calls the trunks, whence they 
originate, cerebral. 
Cerebral Nerves are those which arise with- 
in the cranium, all of which, perhaps, with the 
exception of the olfactory, originate from the 
medulla oblongata. See Nerves. 
In Pathology, an affection is called cerebral, 
which specially occupies the brain. Filvre ciri- 
brale, Cerebral fever, is a variety in which the 
head is much affected. 
CEREBRIFORM Encephaloid. 
CEREBROPATHY, see Nervous diathesis. 
CEREBRO-MALACIA, Mollifies cerebri. 
CEREBRO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. A cere- 
bro-spinal or cerebro-spinant is a neurotic, which 
exercises a special influence over one or more 
functions of the brain and spinal cord, and their 
respective nerves.-Pereira. 
Cerebro-Spinal Axis, see Encephalon. 
CEREBRO-SPINANT, Cerebro-spinal. 
CER'EBRUM or CERE'BRUM. The brain. 
(F.) Cerveau, Cervelle. This term is sometimes 
applied to the whole of the contents of the cra- 
nium : at others, to the upper portion ;-the pos- 
terior and inferior being called cerebellum. The 
brain, properly so called, extends from the os 
frontis to the superior occipital fossae. Anterior- 
ly, it rests on the orbitar vaults: behind this, on 
the middle fossae of the base of the cranium; 
and, posteriorly, on the tentorium cerebello super- 
extensum. The upper surface is divided by a 
deep median cleft (Scissure interlobaire, - Ch.) 
into two halves, called hemispheres, which are 
united at the base by the corpus callosum. At 
its surface are numerous convolutions. The infe- 
riorsurface exhibits, from before to behind, three 
lobes, distinguished into anterior, middle, and 
posterior. The middle is separated from the an- 
terior by the fissure of Sylvius ; and from the 
posterior, by a shallow furrow which corresponds 
to the upper portion of the pars petrosa. Inter- 
nally, the brain has, on the median line, the cor- 
pus callosum, septum lucidum, fornix, pineal 
gland, axA third ventricle:-and laterally, the late- 
ral ventricles, in which are the corpora striata, 
optic thalami, &c. It is contained in a triple 
envelope, (see Meninges.) Its texture is pulpy, 
and varies according to age. Two substances may 
be distinguished in it-the white, medullary, tubular 
or fibrous - medull'a cer'ebri, and the cortical, 
cineritious, vesicular, or gray. The former is 
white; and occupies all the interior and base of 
the brain. The latter is grayish and softer. It 
is situate particularly at the surface of the organ. 
The brain receives several arterial vessels, fur- 
nished by the internal carotid and vertebral. Its 
veins end in the sinuses. It is the material 
organ of the mental and moral manifestations. 
According to Gall, each part is the special seat 
of one of those faculties, and the brain and cere- 
bellum, inclusive, are called by him 'the nervous 
system of the mental faculties.' See Craniology. 
190 CEREFOLIUM 
The substance of the nervous system-Neurine 
has been analyzed by Vauquelin, and found to 
contain water, 80.00; white fatty matter, 4.53; 
red fatty matter, called cerebrine, 0.70; osma- 
zome, 1.12; albumen, 7.00; phosphorus, 1.50; 
sulphur, acid phosphates of potassa, lime, and 
magnesia, 5.15. 
Cerebrum Abdominale, Solar plexus-c. Elon- 
gatum, Medulla oblongata-c. Parvum, Cerebel- 
lum-c. Posterius, Cerebellum. 
CEREFOLIUM, Scandix cerefolium-c. His- 
panicum, Chaerophyllum odoratum-c. Sylvestre, 
Chaerophyllum sylvestre. 
CERELASUM, Cerate. 
CEREOLUS, Bougie. 
CERERISIA, Cerevisia. 
CEREUM MEDICATUM, Bougie. 
CEREUS, Bougie. 
CEREVIS'IA, quasi Cereria'ia, Gervia'ia, Oef- 
lia, Zythua, Zythum, Liquor Ger'eria, Vinum hor- 
dea'ceum, Bira, Bryton, Ppvrov, Barley wine, from 
Ceres, 'corn;' whence it is made. Ale (Alla,) 
Beer, Porter, (F.) Biire, Cervoiae. These fluids 
are drunk by the inhabitants of many countries 
habitually, and in Great Britain and Germany 
more than in others. They are nourishing, but 
not very easy of digestion. The old dispensato- 
ries contain numerous medicated ales, which are 
no longer in use. 
Cerevisia Nigra, see Falltranck. 
CERFEUIL, Scandix cerefolium - c. Muaqut, 
Chaerophyllum odoratum - c. Sauvage, Chaero- 
phyllum sylvestre. 
CERION, Favus, Porrigo favosa. 
CERISIER, Prunus cerasus - c. d Grappea, 
Prunus padus-c. de Virginie, Prunus Virginiana. 
CERNIN, SAINT, WATERS OF. St. C. is a 
parish in the diocess of St. Flour, Upper Au- 
vergne, France. The water is a chalybeate. It 
is called Eau du Gambon. 
CERNOS, Capistrum. 
CEROE'NE, Gerou'ne, or Giroue'ne, Ceroe'num, 
from icripos, 'wax,' and oivos, 'wine.' A plaster 
composed of yellow wax, mutton auet, pitch, Bur- 
gundy pitch, bole Armeniac, thua and wine. It 
was used as a strengthening plaster. Sometimes 
it contained neither wax nor wine. 
CEROMA, Cerate. 
CEROMANTI'A, from K>?pof, 'wax,'and pav- 
reta, ' divination.' The art of foretelling the fu- 
ture, from the figures which melted wax assumes, 
when suffered to drop on the surface of water. 
CERONIUM, Cerate. 
CEROPIS'SUS, from Knpos, 'wax,' and riaaa, 
' pitch.' A depilatory plaster, composed of pitch 
and wax. 
CEROS, Cera. 
CEROSTROSIS, Hystriciasis. 
CEROTUM, Cerate. 
CEROXYLON, see Cera flava et alba. 
CERUA, Ricinis communis. 
CERU'MEN, from cera, 'wax.' Ceru'men 
Au'rium, Ce'rea, Aurium Sordea, Sordic'ulce au'- 
rium, Marmora'ta Au'rium, Cypaele, Ceru'minoua 
Humour, Ear-wax, Cyp'aelia, Fu'gile, (F.) Cire 
dea Oreillea. A name given to the unctuous hu- 
mour, similar to wax in its physical properties, 
which is met with in the meatua auditorius exter- 
nua. It is secreted by glands, situate beneath 
the skin lining the meatus. It lubricates the 
meatus, preserves the suppleness of the lining 
membrane, prevents the introduction of bodies 
floating in the atmosphere, and by its bitterness 
and unctuousness prevents insects from pene- 
trating. 
CERU'MINOUS, Cerumino'sua, (F.) Cerumi- 
neux. Relating to cerumen. 
Ceruminous Glands, Ceru'minoua Folliclea, 
(F.) Glanda ctrumineuaea ou Folliculea cirumi- 
191 
CERVISPINA 
neuses. Glands or follicles which secrete tha 
cerumen. 
CERUSSA ACETATA, Plumbi superacetas- 
c. Alba Hispanica, Plumbi subcarbonas-c. Alba 
Norica, Plumbi subcarbonas - c. Psymmithron, 
Plumbi subcarbonas - c. Serpentaria, see Arum 
maculatum. 
CERUSSE, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
CERUS'SEA URI'NA. A term used by Para- 
celsus for the urine, when of a colour like cerusse. 
CERVARIA ALBA, Laserpitium latifolium. 
CERVEAU, Cerebrum. 
CERVELET, Cerebellum. 
CER VELLE, Cerebrum. 
CERVI ELAPHI CORNU, Cornu cervi, see 
Cervus. 
CER'VICAL, Cervica'lis, from cervix, 'the 
back of the neck.' Trache'lian. Every thing 
which concerns the neck, especially the back part. 
Cervical Ar'teries are three in number : 1. 
The ascending, anterior, or superficial, a branch 
of the inferior thyroid, distributed to the scaleni 
muscles and integuments. 2. The transverse 
(Cervico-scapulaire- Ch.,) a branch of the axil- 
lary artery, or of the subclavian : distributed to 
the levator scapula, trapezius, &c. 3. The pos- 
terior or profound, A. transversa'lis colli, Tra- 
chAlo-cervicale-(Ch.) a branch of the subclavian, 
distributed to the deep-seated muscles on the an- 
terior and posterior parts of the neck. See, also, 
Princeps Cervicis (arteria.) 
Cervical Gan'glions. The three ganglions 
of the great sympathetic. The cervical glands 
or lymphatic glands of the neck are, also, so 
called. See Trisplanchnic nerve. 
Cervical Lig'aments. These are two in 
number. 1. The anterior, extending from the 
basilary process of the occipital bone to the an- 
terior part of the first cervical vertebra. 2. The 
posterior or supraspi'nous, Ligamen'tum Nu'chce, 
which extends from the outer occipital protube- 
rance to the spinous process of the seventh cer- 
vical vertebra. In animals with large heads it is 
very strong. 
Cervical Nerves are eight in number on 
each side, and form the eight cervical pairs, which 
are the first given off from the spinal marrow. 
Cervical Plexus, Plexus Trachelo-souscutanH 
(Ch.) The nervous net-work formed by the an- 
terior branches of the first three cervical nerves, 
above the posterior scalenus muscle, and at the 
outer side of the pneumogastric nerve, carotid 
artery, and jugular vein. 
Cervical Region, Anterior, Deep, Prever'- 
tebral region. The region of the neck, occupied 
by three pairs of muscles placed immediately in 
front of the cervical and three superior dorsal 
vertebrae :-viz. the rectus capitis anticus major, 
the rectus capitis anticus minor, and longus colli; 
-hence termed prevertebral muscles. 
Cervical Veins have nearly the same distri- 
bution as the arteries. 
Cervical Ver'tebra:. The first seven verte ■ 
brae of the spine. 
CERVICALIS DESCENDENS, see Hypo 
glossus and Sacro-lumbalis. 
CERVICARIA, Campanula trachelium. 
CER VICI - DOR SO- SCAPUL AIRE, Rhom 
boideus-c. Dorso-costal, Serratus posticus su- 
perior- c. Dorso-masto'idien et dorso-trachelien, 
Splenius-c. Masto'idien, Splenius. 
CER'VICO-FA'CIAL, Cervi'co-fiacia'Rs. Be- 
longing to the neck and face. 
Cervico-facial Nerve, Nervus cervico-fiacia 
Its. A branch of the facial nerve, distributed to 
the neck and face. 
CERVISIA, Cerevisia, 
CERVISPINA, Rhamnus. CERVIX 
CERVIX, Collum. The neck. A neck. 
Cervix Obstipa, Torticollis-c- Uteri, Collum 
uteri. 
CER VOISE, Cerevisia. 
CERVUS, Cerva. The horn of the Cervus El'- 
aphus, called Obrnw, Cervi El'aphi Cornu, Cornu 
Cervi'num, Hartshorn, (F.) Cbrne de cerf, con- 
tains 27 parts of gelatin in the 100. A jelly made 
from the shavings is emollient and nutritive. 
The Stag's Fizzle, Pria'pus Cervi, was once 
considered to be aphrodisiac. Dose, to 3j» in 
powder. 
Cervus Aloes. The Elk, (F.) Elan. The 
hoof of this animal was anciently used as an anti- 
epileptic. The animal, it was asserted, was sub- 
ject to attacks of epilepsy, and always cured them 
by putting its hoof into the ear. The hoof was 
also worn as an amulet. 
Cornu Ustum, Burnt Hartshorn, has been used 
as an antacid, but it consists of 57 parts of phos- 
phate, and only one of carbonate of lime. It is, 
therefore, not of much use. 
CESARIENNE OPERATION, Cmsarean 
section. 
CESSATIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhcea. 
CESTRI'TES. A wine prepared from betony, 
(xco-rpoi/, 'betony.') 
CESTRON, Betonica officinalis. 
CETA'CEUM, from kj/tos, 'a whale.' Album 
Ceti, Adipoce'ra ceto'sa, Steari'num ceta'ceum, 
Spermacet' i, (F.) Blanc de Baleine, Cetine, Adi- 
pocire de Baleine. An inodorous, insipid, white, 
crystallized, friable, unctuous substance, obtained 
from the brain of the Physe'ter Macroceph'alus 
or Spermaceti Whale, and other varieties of 
whale. S. g. .9433: melts at 112°. It is de- 
mulcent and emollient, and has been given in 
coughs and dysentery, but is mostly used in oint- 
ments, Dose, £ss to giss, rubbed up with sugar 
or egg. 
CETERACII OFFICINARUM, Asplenium 
ceterach. 
CETINE, Cetaceum. 
CETRARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
CETRARIN, see Lichen islandicus. 
CETRARIUM, see Lichen islandicus. 
CEVADILLA HISPANORUM, Veratrum sa- 
badilla. 
CEVADILLE, Veratrum sabadilla. 
CHAA, Thea. 
CH7EREF0LIUM, Scandix cerefolium. 
CHASROPHYL'LUM, from %a<p<<>, 'I rejoice,' 
and QvWov, ' a leaf.' Scandix cerefolium. 
Chasrophyllum Cerefolium, Scandix cerefo- 
lium- c. Angulatum, Ch.sylvestre. 
Chasrophyl'lum Odora'tum, Scandix Odo- 
ra'ta, Myrrhis Odora'ta seu Major, Cicuta'ria odo- 
ra'ta, Cerefo'liuni Hispan'icum, Sweet Cic"ely, 
(F.) Cerfeuil musquee ou d' Espagne, has the 
smell of aniseed, and is cultivated on account of 
its aromatic properties. 
Ch.ehopiiyl'lum Monogynum, Ch. sylvestre- 
c. Sativum, Scandix. 
ChjEROPHYl'lum Sylves'tre, Cicuta'ria, Ch<e- 
rophyl'lum tem'ulum seu monog'ynwn seu angu- 
la'tum seu verticella'tum, Anthris'cus hu'milis seu 
proc"erus, Cerefo'lium Sylves'tre, Bastard Hem- 
lock, Wild Chervil or Cow-weed, (F.) Cerfeuil 
•auvage, Persil d'Ane, is a slightly fetid aromatic, 
but is not used. 
Chairophyllum Temulum, Chserophyllum syl- 
vestre-c. Verticillatum, Ch. sylvestre. 
CHASTE, Capillus. 
CHAFING, Erythe'ma Intertri'go, Intertri'go, 
Paratrim'ma, Paratrip'sis, Diatrim'ma, Attri'ta, 
Attrit"io, from 'to heat.'Fret. Ero- 
sions of the skin; Attri'tus, (F.) Echauffemens, 
Scorchures. The red excoriations which occur 
192 
CHAMJEDRYS 
in consequence of the friction of parts, or between 
the folds of the skin, especially in fat or neglected 
children. Washing with cold water and dusting 
with hair-powder is the best preventive. When 
occurring between the nates and in the region of 
the perinaeum, from long walking,-Intertri'go 
pod'ids, Proctai' gia intertrigino'sa, - it is vul- 
garly designated by the French Entrefesson. 
CHAIR, Flesh. 
CHAIR, OBSTETRIC, Labour chair. 
CHAISE PERCEE, Lasanum. 
CHALASIS, Relaxation. 
CHALASMUS, Relaxation. 
CHALAS'TICUS, from xaXow, 'I relax.' A 
medicine proper for removing rigidity of the 
fibres.-Galen. An emollient or relaxant. 
CHAL'AZA, Chala'zion, Chalazium, Chalazo'- 
sis, P or o'sis, Grando, Tophus, Hail, (F.) Grele, 
Gravelie. A hard, round, transparent tumour, 
developed in different parts of the body, more 
especially in the substance of the eyelids.- 
Also, the Cicatricula of the egg. Generally, how- 
ever, in the language of ovologists, the chalaza 
or poles are, in the egg of the bird, the more 
dense internal layer of the albumen, which ad- 
heres to the yolk, and is continued, in the form 
of two spirally twisted bands, towards the extre- 
mities of the egg. The twisting is considered to 
be produced by the revolving motion of the egg 
in its descent through the oviduct. 
Chalazje, see Chalaza. 
CIIALCANTHUM, Ferri sulphas - c. Album 
Zinci sulphas. 
CHALCEDONIES, Cornelian. 
CHALCITAS, Bismuth. 
CHALCITES, Colcothar. 
CHALCOIDEUM, (os), Cuneiform bone. 
CHALCOS, Cuprum, ZEreolum. 
CHALCUS, JEreolum. 
CHALEUR, Heat-c. Acre, see Acrid-c. Ani- 
mate, Animal heat, see Heat - c. des Animaux, 
sue Heat. 
CHALEURS DU FOIE, Heat. 
CHALINI, see Lip. 
CH AL'INOPLASTY, Chalinoplas'tice ; from 
Xadvoi, ' fraenum,' ' a bridle,' and irha<?au>, ' I 
form.' The operation for forming a new fraenum. 
CHALK, Creta - c. Red, Rubrica febrilis - c. 
Stones, Calculi, arthritic. 
CHALYB'EATE, Chalybea'tus, Ferrugin'eus, 
Fcrrugino' sus, Ferra'tus, Martia'lis, Ferru'gi- 
nous, Mar'tial, (F.) Ferrugineux; from chalybs, 
'iron or steel.' Of, or belonging to iron ; contain- 
ing iron. Any medicine into which iron enters, 
as chalybeate mixture, pills, waters, Ac. See Wa- 
ters, Mineral. 
CHALYBIS RUBIGO, Ferri subcarbonas. 
CHALYBS, from Chalybes ; a people of Pon- 
tus, who dug iron out of the earth; A'cies, Steel. 
The Proto-carburet of iron, (F.) Acier. As a 
medicine, steel does not differ from iron. 
Chalybs Tartarizatus, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
CHAMA, Cheme. 
CHAM2EACTE, Sambucus ebulus. 
CHAMJEBATOS, Fragaria. 
CHAMJECEDRIS. Artemisia santonica. 
CHAM.ECISSUS, Glechoma hederacea. 
CHAMZECLEMA, Glechoma hederacea - c. 
Hederacea. Glechoma hederacea. 
CHAMJECYPARISSUS, Artemisia santonica. 
CHAMtEDROPS, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
CHAMjEDRYI'TES. A wine, in which the 
Teu'crium Chamadrys has been infused. 
CHAM2EDRYS, Rubus chamaemorus,Teucrium 
Ch., Veronica - c. Incana maritima, Teucrium 
marum-e. Marum, Teucrium marum-c. Minor 
repens, Teucrium Ch. - c. Palustris, Teucrium 
scordium - c. Scordium, Teucrium scordium-c. 
Vulgaris, Teucrium Ch. CIIAMJEGEIRON 
CHAMJEGEIRON, Tussilago. 
CHAMaELaEAGNUS, Myrica gale. 
CHAMaELAI'TES. A wine impregnated with 
Chamalea, Daphne Alpi'na. 
CIIAMaELEA, Cneorum tricoccum. 
CHAMAELEON ALBUM, Carlina acaulis. 
CHAMaELEUCE, Tussilago. 
CHAMaELINUM, Linum catharticum. 
CHAMaELIR'IUM LU'TEUM, Vera11 rum lu'- 
teum, Helo'nias lu'tea, H. Dioi'ca, Devil's Bit, 
Blazing star ; indigenous; Order, Melanthaceae; 
flowering in June; is acrid. An infusion of the 
root has been given as an anthelmintic; a tinc- 
ture, as a tonic. 
CHAMJSMELUM, Anthemis nobilis-c. Foe- 
tidum, Anthemis cotula-c. Nobile, Anthemis 
nobilis-c. Odoratum, Anthemis nobilis-c. Vul- 
gare, Matricaria chamomilla. 
CHAMJEMORUS, Teucrium chamaepitys, Ru- 
bus chamaemorus-c. Norwegica, Rubus chamae- 
morus. 
CHAMaEPEUCE, Camphorosma Monspeliaca. 
CHAMJEPITUI'NUM VINUM. A wine, in 
which the leaves of the Chamce'pitys, Teu'crium 
ChamcB'pitys, have been infused. 
CHAMAEPITYS, Teucrium chamaepitys - c. 
Anthyllus, Teucrium iva - c. Moschata, Teu- 
crium iva. 
CHAMAEPLION, Erysimum. 
CHAMaERAPH'ANUM, from xa/iai, 1 on the 
ground,' and pa<pavo$, ' the radish.' So Paulus 
of AEgina calls the upper part of the root of the 
Apiurn. 
CHAMaE'ROPS SERRAT'ULA, Saw Pal- 
metto. A farina is prepared from the roots of 
this plant, which is used by the Indians, in Flo- 
rida, as diet. 
CHAMBAR, Magnesia. 
CHAMBER, Cam'era, (F.) Chambre. A term 
used in speaking of the eye, in which there 
are two chambers, Came'rce oc'uli:- an ante- 
rior and a posterior ; (F.) Chambre anttrieure et 
posterieure. The anterior is the space between 
the cornea and the anterior part of the iris :-the 
posterior, the space between the iris and anterior 
surface of the crystalline. They are filled with 
the aqueous humour, and communicate by the 
opening in the pupil. 
CHAM'BERLAIN'S RESTOR'ATIVE 
PILLS. This nostrum, recommended in scro- 
fula, and all impurities of the blood, has been 
analyzed by Dr. Paris, and found to consist of 
cinnabar, sulphur, sulphate of lime, and a little 
vegetable matter. Each pill weighs 3 grains. 
CHAMBRE, Chamber. 
CHAMBRIE, Cannabis sativa. 
CIIAMELEA, Daphne Alpina. 
CHAMOMILE, DOGS', Matricaria chamomilla 
- c. Dyers', Anthemis tinctoria - c. German, 
Matricaria chamomilla-c. Spanish, Anthemis 
pyrethrum - c. Stinking, Anthemis cotula - c. 
Wild, Anthemis cotula, Matricaria glabrata. 
CHAMOMILLA FtETIDA, Anthemis cotula 
- c. Nostras, Matricaria chamomilla-c. Ro- 
mana, Anthemis nobilis - c. Spuria, Anthemis 
cotula. 
CHAMPACA, Michelia ehampaca. 
CHAMPIGNON, Fungus - c. de I'Appareil 
des Fractures, Clavaria-c. de Couche, see Agaric 
- c. de Malte, Cynomorion eoccineum. 
CHANCELAGUA, Canchalagua. 
CHANCRE, (F.) Ulcus cancro'sum, Ulcus'cu- 
lum cancro'sum. A sore, which arises from the 
direct application of the venereal virus ; hence it 
is almost always seated, in men, on the penis. 
The French use the word Chancre, in popular 
language, for cancerous ulcers, the malignant 
aphthae of children, Ac. Formerly, the terms 
193 
CHARM 
Car'oli and Ca'ries pudendo'rum were used for 
venereal pustules or sores on the parts of gene- 
ration. . 
CHANCRE LARVE. A concealed chancre, 
such as has been supposed by M. Ricord to give 
occasion to gonorrhoea virulenta. 
CHANCREUX, Chancreuse, (F.) Cancro'sus, 
Carcino'des. Having the nature of chancre, or 
of cancer. 
Bouton Chancreux. A small tumour of a can- 
cerous nature, which makes its appearance on 
the face-most frequently on the upper lip-Noli 
me tangere. 
CHANT DES ARTE RES Sifflement moduli. 
CHANVRE, Cannabis -saliva - c. Indien, 
Bangue. 
CHAOMANTI'A. The alchymists meant, by 
this word, the art of predicting the future from 
observation of the air. The word Chaos was 
used by Paracelsus for the air; (jiavrua, 'divi- 
nation.') 
CHAOSDA, Plague. 
CHAPERONDEMOINE, Aconitum napellus. 
CHAPITEA U, Alembic. 
CHAPPEDON ADE, Chappetonade. 
CHAPPETONADE, Chappedonade, (F.), 
Vom'itus rabio'sus. Vomiting accompanied by 
furious delirium, attacking strangers in hot 
countries. 
CHAR'ACTER, 'A mark or impres- 
sion.' (F.) Caractere. In Pathology it is used 
synonymously with stamp or appearance. We 
say, "A disease is of an unfavourable character," 
" The prevailing epidemic has a bilious charac- 
ter," <fcc. In Mental Philosophy it means - that 
which distinguishes one individual from another, 
as regards his understanding and passions. See 
Symbol. 
CHARA'DRIUS. jElian thus calls a bird, 
which was reputed to cure jaundice. The word 
now means the plover. 
CHARANTIA, Momordica elaterium. 
CHARBON, Anthrax carbo. 
CHARBONNEUX, Anthracoid. 
CHARCOAL, Carbo - c. Animal, Carbo ani- 
malis. 
CHARDON AUX ANES, Onopordium acan- 
thium-c. Binit, Centaurea benedicta-c. d Bon- 
netier, Dipsacus fullonum - c. Etoili, Centaurea 
calcitrapa-c. d Foulon, Dipsacus fullonum-c. 
Hemorrhoidal, Cirsium arvense-c. Marie, Car- 
duus Marianus-c. Roland, Eryngium campestre. 
CHAR'LATAN, from Ital. ciarlare, ' to talk 
much;' Circula'tor,Circumfora'neus, Periodeu'tes, 
Pseudomed'icus, Agyr'ta, Anacyc'leon, A Quack, 
an Empirical Pretender, an Emp'iric. Origi- 
nally, one who went from place to place to sell 
a medicine, to which he attributed marvellous 
properties. By extension - any individual, who 
endeavours to deceive the public by passing him- 
self off as more skilful than he really is. Ac- 
cording to Manage, the word comes from circu- 
latanus, a corruption of circulator. 
CHAR'LATANRY, Agyr'tia, Banau'sia, the 
conduct or action of a charlatan. (F.) Charla- 
tanerie, Charlatanisme, Quackery, Empiricism. 
CHARLOCK, Sinapis arvensis. 
CHARM, Lat. Carmen, 'a verse,' because 
charms often consisted of verses, whence comes 
the Italian, Ciarma, (F.) Charme, with the same 
signification. Canta'tio, Incantamen'turn. A trick, 
a spell, an enchantment. A sort of magic, orsuper- 
stitious practice, consisting of words, characters, 
Ac., by which it was believed, that individuals 
might be struck with sickness or death, or bo 
restored to health. 
The following are specimens of old charms- 
verse charms: CRARNIERE 
Fbr stanching Blood, (Pepys.) 
Sanguis mane in te 
Sicut Christus fuit in se ; 
Sanguis mane in tua vena 
Sicut Christus in sua poena; 
Sanguis mane fixus, 
Sicut Christus quando fuit crucifixus. 
For Cramp, (Pepys.) 
Cramp be thou faintless, 
As our lady was sinless, 
When she bare Jesus. 
For the Foot when asleep, (Coleridge.) 
Foot I foot! foot! is fast asleep! 
Thumb! thumb! thumb! in spittle we steep; 
Crosses three we make to ease us, 
Two for the thieves, and one for Christ Jesus. 
The same charm served for cramp in the leg, 
with this substitution: 
The devil is tying a knot in my leg! 
Mark, Luke, and John, unloose it, I beg !- 
Crosses three, &c. 
For a Burn, (Pepys.) 
There came three angels out of the East; 
The one brought fire, the other brought frost. 
Out fire; in frost. 
In the name of the Father and Son and Holy Ghost. 
Amen. 
CHARNIERE, Ginglymus. 
CHARNU, Carneous. 
CHARPIE, Linteum - c. Brute, see Linteum 
-e. Rape?, see Linteum. 
CHARTA ANTIARTHRITICA, Gout paper 
-c. Antirheumatica, Gout paper-c. Vesicatoria, 
see Sparadrapum Vesicatorium - c. Virginea, 
Amnios. 
CHARTRE, Tabes mesenterica. 
CHAS, (F.) Aefts fora'men. The eye of a 
needle. Sometimes, this opening is near the 
point of the instrument, as in the ligature needle. 
CHASCHISCH, see Bangue. 
CHASME, Yawning. 
CHASPE, Variola. 
CHASSE (F.), Manu'brium. A kind of handle 
composed of two movable laminae of horn, shell, 
or ivory, united only at the extremity, which 
holds the blade of the instrument, - as in the 
common bleeding lancet. 
CHASSIE (F.), Lema, Lippa, Glama, Gleme, 
Gra'mia, Lemos'itas ; the gum of the eye. A se- 
baceous humour, secreted mainly by the follicles 
of Meibomius, which sometimes glues the eyelids 
together. 
CHASSIEUX (F.) Lippus; covered with 
Chassie-as Paupiires chassieuses. 
CHASTE TREE, Vitex. 
CHATAIGNE, see Fagus castanea-c. d'Eau, 
Trapa natans. 
CHATAIGNIER COMMUN, Fagus castanea 
-c. Nain, Fagus castanea pumila. 
CHATEAU-LANDON, WATERS OF. A 
town three leagues from Nemours, in France. 
The waters contain alum and iron. 
CHATEAU-SALINS, WATERS OF; a town 
in the department of La-Meurthe, France. The 
waters contain carbonate of lime, sulphates of 
lime and magnesia, and chlorides of magnesium 
and sodium. 
CHATELDON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Chateldon is in the department of Puy-de-Dome, 
France. The waters contain carbonic acid and iron. 
CHATEL-GUYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A village in France, in the department Puy-de- 
Dfime, near which there are five thermal acidu- 
lous springs. Temperature, 86° Fahrenheit. 
CHATON (F.), 'a husk.' In pathology, it 
means a funda or cavity formed by the irregular 
or hour-glass contraction of the uterus, in which 
194 
CHEESE 
the placenta is often retained or enchatonnt after 
the birth of the child. It is detected by passing 
the fingers along the cord as far as the part which 
is contracted, when the placenta will not be dis- 
coverable. 
The treatment consists in relaxing by a large 
dose of an opiate, then passing the fingers along 
the cord, and gradually dilating the opening 
through which it passes, until it permits the hand 
to go through. The placenta must then be 
grasped and gently withdrawn. 
CHATON, Vaginal process. 
CHATONNE, CALCUL, (F.) Calculus incar- 
cera'tus, Eucys'ted Cal'cuius, Calcul enkyste. A 
urinary calculus, adherent to the inner surface 
of the bladder, so that it is immovable, and can- 
not pass to the different parts of that organ. 
This happens when calculi form in some natural 
or accidental cavity of the bladder; or when the 
organ, by ulceration, gives rise to fungi, which 
surround the calculus; or when it is lodged in 
the orifice of the ureter or urethra. 
CHATONNE, PLACENTA, (F.) The pla- 
centa when retained as above described. See 
Chaton. 
CHATONNEMENT, (F.) Zncarcera'fw, Cha- 
tonnement du placenta, Enkystement.-Hour-glass 
contraction of the uterus. See Chaton. 
CHATOUILLEMENT, (F.) This word some- 
times means the action of tickling or titillation 
(77<t7Za'tw,) and, at others, the sensation which 
gives rise to the action (Pruri'tus,) Itching. 
CHATRE, Castratus. 
CHATRURE, Castration. 
CHAUDEAU, Caudle. 
CHAUDEBOURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
C. is three quarters of a league from Thionville, 
in France. The waters contain iron, sulphate 
of lime, sulphate of magnesia, and carbonate of 
lime. 
CHA UDEPISSE, Gonorrhoea impura-c. Cor- 
dee, Gonorrhoea cordata-e. Tombee dans les 
Bourses, Hernia humoralis. 
CHAUDES-AIGUES, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. A small town in the department of Cantal, 
France, where there is a number of saline springs 
containing carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, and 
chloride of sodium. Temp. 190° Fahrenheit. 
CHAUDIERE, see Alembic. 
CHAUFFOIR (F.), Linteum Calefacto'rium. 
According to the Academic, a warmed cloth, used 
either for the purpose of warming a patient, or 
to apply to a female recently delivered. 
CHAUSSE, (F.) Chaussed'Hippocrate, Munch e 
d'Hippocrate, Man'ica Hippoc'ratis, Man'ica, 
Hippocrates' Sleeve. A conical bag, made of 
flannel, for straining liquids. 
CHAUSSE-TRAPPE, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
CHAUVET&, Calvities. 
CH AUX, Calx-c. Bichlorure de, Calcis chlo- 
ridum-c. Chlorure de, Calcis chloridum-c. Hy- 
drochlorate de, Calcis murias - c. Hydrosulfate 
de, Calcis sulphuretum - c. Muriate de, Calcis 
murias-c. Muriate oxigini de, Calcis chloridum 
- c. Muriate suroxigine de, Calcis chloridum-• 
c. Oxichlorure de, Calcis chloridum - c. Oximu- 
riate de, Calcis chloridum -c. Vive, Calx viva. 
CHECKER-BERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
CHEEK, Gena. 
CHEESE, Sax. cere, (L.) Ca'seus, Tyros, Pecte, 
(F.) Fromage. An aliment, prepared from the 
caseous and oleaginous parts of milk. Fresh 
cheeses owe their chief medical properties to tho 
immediate principle, essentially cheesy, to which 
the name ca'seum or ca'sein has been applied. 
Those, which have been recently salted, are di- 
gested with comparative facility. The flavour CHEESE 1! 
of cheese is owing to an ammoniacal caseate. 
On the whole, cheese itself is not easy of diges- 
tion, although it may stimulate the stomach to 
greater exertion, and thus aid in the digestion 
of other substances. 
CHEESE RENNET, Galium venim, 
CHEE'SY, Casea'rius, Caseo'tus, Tyro'det, (F.) 
Caseux ou Caseeux. Having the nature of cheese. 
CHEF, Bandage (tail.) 
■CHEGOE, Chique. 
CHEGRE, Chique. 
CHEILI'TIS, Chili'tie, from 'a lip.' 
Inflammation of Hie lip. See Chilon. 
CIIEILOC'ACE, from xuXos, 'a lip,' and Kanof, 
'evil.' Labrieul'cium. A disease, characterized, 
it is said, by swelling, induration, and slight red- 
ness of the lips without inflammation; reputed, 
but without any authority, to be common in 
England and Scotland, amongst children. Also, 
the thickness of the upper lip of scrofulous chil- 
dren. See Stomacace, and Cancer aquaticus. 
CIIEILOCARCINO'MA, from 'a lip,' 
and KapKnu>fia, 'a cancer.' Cancer of the lip. 
CIIEILOMALACIA, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
macace. 
CHEILON, Chilon. 
CHEILON'CUS, Cheilophy'ma, from 
' lip,' and oyicos, ' swelling.' A swelling of the lip. 
CHEILOPHYMA, Cheiloncus. 
CHEILOPLAS'TICE, Ohiloplae'tice, from 
Xor, 'lip,'and irXatr*;*:;, 'forming.' The opera- 
tion for an artificial lip. 
CHEILOS, Lip. 
CHEIMA, Cold. 
CHEIMETLON, Chilblain. 
CHEIMIA, Rigor. 
CHEIR, Manus. 
CHEIRAN'THUS CHEIRI, from X£(p, 'the 
hand,' and avgos, ' flower.' The systematic name 
of the Common Yellow Wall Flower, Vi'ola lu'tea, 
Leueo'ium lu'teum, Keyri, Cheiri, (F.) Girojlee ou 
FioZter jaune. The flowers have been esteemed 
nervine, narcotic, and deobstruent. 
CHEIRAP'SIA. The action of rubbing or 
scratching, from 'the hand,' and airrw, 'I 
touch.* A troublesome symptom in the itch. 
CHEIRIATER, Surgeon. 
CHEIRIS'MA, Cheirie'mue. The act of touch- 
ing :-handling. Any manual operation. 
CIIEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
CHEIRONOM'IA, Chironom'ia, from %t<po- 
vogcw, ' I exercise with the hands.' An exercise, 
referred to by Hippocrates, which consisted in using 
the hands, as in our exercise of the dumb-bells. 
CHEIROPLETHES, Fasciculus. 
CHEIROSIS, Subactio. 
CHELA, Chele. This word has several signi- 
fications. Chela, a forked probe used for extract- 
ing polypi from the nose. Chelae - chaps, or 
cracks on the feet, organs of generation, <fcc. 
Chela: likewise means claws, especially those of 
the crab. See Cancrorum Chelae. 
Chelae Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
CHELAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
CHELE, Chela. 
CHELIDOINE GRANDE, Chelidonium ma- 
jus-c. Petite, Ranunculus ficaria. 
CHELIDON, the hollow at the bend 
of the arm ; Hirundo. 
CHELIDONIA ROTUNDIFOLIA MINOR. 
Ranunculus ficaria. 
CHELIDONIUM, Bryonia alba-c. Haemato- 
des, Ch. majus. 
Chelido'nium Majus, Ch. hamato'dee, from 
XtXuian', ' a swallow,' because its flowering coin- 
cides with the appearance of the swallow. Pa- 
pa'ver Cornicula'turn, P. lu'teum, Common Cel'- 
a'!^ne'. Tetteru,ort> ( F-) Chelidoine grande, 
L'Eclaire. Family, Papaveraceae. Sex. Sy»t. 
195 
CHEMOSIS 
Polyandria Monogynia. The root and recent 
plant have been considered aperient and diuretic. 
Externally, the juice has been employed in some 
cutaneous diseases. 
Chelidonium Minus, Ranunculus ficaria. 
CHELIDO'NIUS LAPIS. A name given to 
stones, which, it was pretended, existed in the 
stomach of young swallows. They were formerly 
believed capable of curing epilepsy. 
CHELOID, Cancroid. 
CHELO'NE, 'a tortoise.' An instru- 
ment for extending a limb; so called, because in 
its slow motions, it resembled a tortoise.-Oriba- 
sius. See Testudo. 
Chelo'ne Glabra, Common Snake head, Tur- 
tle head, Turtle bloom, Shellflower, Balmony. An 
indigenous plant, Sex. Syst. Didynamia angio- 
spermia; blossoming from July to November. 
The leaves are bitter and tonic; without any aro- 
matic smell, and with very little astringency. 
CHELO'NIA MY DAS, The Green Turtle. 
This species of turtle abounds on the coast of 
Florida. It is the one so prized by the epicure. 
CIIELO'NION, Chelo'nium, from ' a 
tortoise,' from its resembling in shape the shell 
of that animal. The upper, gibbous part of the 
back.-Gorrreus. The scapula. 
CHELONOPH'AGI, from xthMvn, 'the tor- 
toise,' and <pay<a, ' I eat.' An ancient name for 
certain tribes, who dwelt on the coasts of the Red 
Sea, and who lived only on tortoises. - Pliny, 
Diodorus of Sicily. 
CHEL'SEA PENSIONER. An empirical re- 
medy for rheumatism and gout, sold under this 
name. (Gum guaiac, £j ; powdered rhubarb, 
cream of tartar, ; flowers of sulphur, ; one 
nutmeg, finely powdered: made into an electuary 
with a pound of clarified honey.) Dose, two 
spoonfuls. 
CHEL'TENHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
C. is a town in Gloucestershire, England, nine 
miles from Gloucester, and 94 W. of London. 
Its water is one of the most celebrated natural 
purgatives in England. It is a saline, acidulous 
chalybeate, and is much frequented. Its main 
constituents are chloride of sodium, sulphate of 
soda, sulphate of magnesia, carbonic acid and 
carbonate of iron. 
Cheltenham Salts. These are sometimes 
made from the waters; at others, factitiously. 
The following is a formula: Sodii chlorid., mag- 
nes. sulphat., soda sulph., aa Tbj : dissolve, filter, 
evaporate to dryness; then add Ferri sulph., 
Cheltenham Water, Artificial, may be 
made of Epsom salt, gr. xij; iron filings. err. j; 
Glauber's salt, water, 4 gallons; impreg- 
nated with the gas from marble powder and sul- 
phuric acid, aa 5ij. 
CHELYS, Thorax. 
CHELYS'CION, from 'the chest.' A 
short, dry_cough.-Galen, Hippocrates, Foesius. 
CIIEME, Chama, Che'ramis. An ancient mea- 
sure, equivalent to about two teaspoonfuls. 
CHEMEUTICE, Chymistry. 
CHEMIA, Chymistry. 
CHEMIATER, Chymiater. 
CIIEMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
CHEMICO-HISTOLOGY, see Chymico-his- 
tology. 
CHEMICUS, Chymical, Chymist 
CHEMIST, Chymist. 
CHEMISTRY, Chymistry. 
CHEMO'SIS, from xnyn, 'an aperture,' or from 
' a humour.' A name given to ophthalmia, 
when the conjunctiva, surrounding the cornea, 
forms a high ring, making the cornea seem, as it 
were, at the bottom of a well. By some, it is 
used synonymously with ophthalmia membrana- 
rum. See Ophthalmia. CHEMOTICE 
CHEMOTICE, Chymistry. 
CHEMOTICUS, Chymical. 
CHENAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Che- 
nayis a town in France, two leagues from Rheims. 
The waters are chalybeate. 
CHENE, Quercus alba-c. Marin, Fucus vesi- 
culosus-c. Petit, Teucrium chamaedrys-c. Vert, 
Ilex aquifolium. 
CH E NEVIS, see Cannabis sativa. 
CHENOBOSCON, Potentilla anserina. 
CHENOC'OPRUS, from ■xpv, 'a goose,' and 
Kon-poj, ' dung.' The dung of the goose is so de- 
signated in some old Pharmacopoeias. It was 
formerly employed as a febrifuge and diuretic. 
CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIACUM, Ch. am- 
brosioides. 
Chenopo'dium Ambrosioi'des, Ch. suffructico'- 
sum, from 'a goose,' and irons, ' a foot;' Bo- 
trys Mexica'na, At'riplex Mexica'na, Chenopo'- 
dium ambrosiacum seu Mexica' num, Botrys, Am- 
brosioi' des Mexica' na, Botrys America'na, Arte- 
•mis'ia Botrys, Mexico Tea, Spanish Tea, (F.) 
Anserine, The du Mexique, Ambrosie du Mexique. 
The infusion was once drunk as tea. It has been 
given in paralytic cases ; and in the United States 
is said to be used as an anthelmintic indiscrimi- 
nately with Ch. anthelminticum. 
Chenopo'dium Anthelmin'ticum, Chenopo'- 
dium, Botrys anthelmin'tica, Wormseed, Worm- 
goosefoot, Wormseed goosefoot, Jerusalem Oak of 
America, Goosefoot, Stinkweed, (F.) Anserine an- 
thelmintique, A. vermifuge. This plant grows 
plentifully in the United States. The fruit- 
Chenopodium, (Ph. U.S.)-is much used in cases 
of worms. Dose of the powder, from a teaspoon- 
ful to a tablespoonful or more. The oil, O'leum 
Chenopo'dii, (Ph. U. S.), from 8 to 10 drops, is 
more frequently exhibited. It is as much used 
in America as the Semen Santon'ici is in England. 
Chenopo'dium Bonus Henri'cus, Chrysolach'- 
anum, Mercuria'lis, Bonus Henri'cus, Tota bona, 
Lap'athum unctuo' sum, Chenopo'dium, Ch. sagit- 
ta'turn, Pes anseri'nus, English Mercury, Allgood, 
Angular-leaved goosefoot, (F. ) Anserine Bon 
Henri, Epinard sauvage. The leaves are emol- 
lient, and have been applied to ulcers, &c. It 
has also been considered refrigerant and ecco- 
protic. 
Chenopo'dium Botrys, Botrys, Botrys vulga'- 
ris, Ambro'sia, Artemis'ia Chenopo'dium, At'ri- 
plex odora'ta, At'riplex suav'eolens; the Jerusa- 
lem Oak, (Eng.) (F.) Anserine Botrys, possesses 
anthelmintic properties, and was once given in 
diseases of the chest, palsy, <fcc. It is useless. 
Chenopodium Fcetidum, Chenopodium vulva- 
ria-c. Olidum, Ch. vulvaria. 
Chenopodium Quinoa, Quinua. A nutritious, 
wholesome, and agreeable article of food with the 
Peruvians. The leaves, before the plant attains 
maturity, are eaten as spinach : but the seeds are 
most generally used as food, boiled in milk or 
broth, and sometimes cooked with cheese and 
Spanish pepper. 
Chenopodium Saoittatum, Ch. Bonus Henri- 
cus-c. Suffructicosum, Ch. ambrosioides. 
Chenopodium Vulva'ria, At'riplex fce'tida, 
At'riplex ol'ida, Vulva'ria, Garos'mum, Raphex, 
Chenopo'dium Foe'tidum seu ol'idum, Stinking 
Orach or Goosefoot, (F.) Vulvaire, Arroche pu- 
ant, Anserine fetide. The fetid smell has occa- 
sioned it to be used as an antispasmodic and 
nervine. 
CHEOPINA, Cheopine. 
CHEQUERBERRY, Gaultheria. 
CHERAMIS, Cheme. 
CHERBACHEM, Veratrum album. 
CHERBAS, Lettuce. 
196 
CIIICREN-WATER 
CHERMES, Rennes. 
CHERNIBIUM, Urinal. 
CHERRY, BIRD, Prunus partus - c. Tree, 
red, Prunus cerasus - c. Tree, black, Prunus 
avium - c. Tree, wild, Prunus Virginiana - c. 
Water, Rirschwasser - c. Wild cluster, Prunus 
padus-c. Winter, Physalis. 
CHERSJE, Fasces. 
CHERVIL, Seandix cerefolium-c. Wild, Chas- 
rophyllum sylvestre. 
CHESIS, from xebiv> '*° g° st°°E' A more 
frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. 
CHEST, Thorax. 
CHEST-EXPLORATOR, see Explorator, 
chest. 
CHESTNUT TREE, Fagus castanea. 
CHEVAUCHEMENT, (F.) Os'si urn tuperpo- 
sit"io vel eqwta'tio, Parallax'is, Parallag'ma. 
The riding of one bone over another after frac- 
ture, giving rise to shortening of the limb. See 
Riding of Bones. 
CHEVELURE, Scalp. 
CHEVESTRE, Chevetre, Gapin'trum, from 
caput, ' the head.' A bandage, applied round 
the head in cases of fracture or luxation of the 
lower jaw. According to the mode in which it is 
made, it is called simple, double, oblique, <fcc. 
CHEVEU, Capillus. 
CHE VILLE DU PIED, Malleolus. 
CHEVRE-FEUILLE, Lonicera pericly- 
menum. 
CHEYLETUS SCABIEI, see Psora. 
CHEZANAN'CE, from x 'I go to stool,' 
and ava-yxu, 'necessity.' An ointment composed 
of honey and alum, and rubbed on the anus to 
occasion evacuation.-Paulus of JEgina. 
CHIA, Chia terra, from Chios, an island where 
it was found. A kind of white earth, formerly 
used for burns.-Galen. 
CHI'ACUM COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium con- 
sisting of several drugs and Chian wine.-Paulus 
of JEgina. 
CHIADUS, Furunculus. 
CIIIAS'MUS, Chias'ma, Chiasm, from 
to form like the letter The crucial union of 
parts, - as the optic commissure or chiasm of the 
optic nerves,-Chias'mus seu Chias'ma uervo'rum 
optico'rum. 
CHIASTER, Kiaster. 
CIIIAS'TOS. Same etymon. A bandage so 
called because it resembles the letter - Ori- 
basius. 
CHIBOU, see Bursera gummifera. 
CHICHA. A drink made in Peru with Indian 
meal dried in the sun, and fermented with water. 
Its taste is that of bad cider. It is also made 
from rice, peas, barley, <fcc. 
CHICREN-BREASTED, see Lordosis. 
CHICKEN-BROTH. When chicken-tea is 
boiled down one-half, with the addition of a little 
parsley or celery, and the yolk of an egg previ- 
ously beaten up in two ounces of soft water, it 
forms a soup much relished by the convalescent. 
CHICREN-PEPPER, Ranunculus abortivus. 
CHICKENPOX, Varicella. 
CHICKEN-TEA, Chicken-water. This maybe 
prepared as follows : Take a small chicken, freed 
from the skin and fat between the muscles; and, 
having divided it longitudinally, remove the 
lungs, liver, and every thing adhering to the 
back and side-bones: cut the whole-bones and 
muscles - into very thin slices; put into a pan 
with a sufficient quantity of boiling water; cover 
the pan; and simmer with a slow fire for two 
hours. Put the pan upon the stove for half an 
hour, and strain through a sieve. 
Used where the lightest animal diet is indicated. 
CHICKEN-WATER, Chicken-tea. CHICKWEED 
CHICKWEED, Alsine media. 
CHICO REE DES J AH DINS, Cichorium en- 
divia-c. Sauvage, Cichorium intybus. 
CHIENDENT, Triticum repens. 
CIIIGGO, Chique. 
CHIGGRE, Chique. 
CHIGOE, Chique. 
CIIIL'BLAIN, Per'nio, Bugan'tia, Erythe'ma 
Per'nio, Erythe'ma & Fri'gore, Cheimet'lon, Chi- 
met' lum, Chimon, Malee, from chill, ' cold,' and 
blain, 'a pustule.' (F.) Engelure. An erythe- 
matous inflammation of the feet, - hands, &c., 
occasioned by cold. It is very common in youth 
-not so in the adult or in advanced age. It is 
apt to degenerate into painful, indolent ulcera- 
tions, called Kibes. Chilblains are prevented by 
accustoming the parts to exposure; and are 
treated by stimulant, terebinthinate and balsamic 
washes, ointments, and liniments. 
CHILD-BEARING, Parturition. 
CHILD-BED, Parturient. 
CHILD-BED FEVER, Puerperal fever. 
CHILD-BIRTH, Parturition. 
CHILD-CROWING, Asthma thymicum. 
CHILDHOOD, Infancy. 
CHILD-MURDER, Infanticide. 
CHILDREN'S BANE, Cicuta maculata. 
CHILI, see Lima. 
CHILI, MINERAL WATERS OF. The most 
celebrated mineral springsof Chili, in South Ame- 
rica, are those of Peldehues and Cauquenes. The 
former are not far from St. Jago. They consist 
of two springs, one thermal, the other cold. The 
hot spring is clear, inodorous, and contains soda 
and carbonic acid. The cold spring contains iron 
and sulphate of soda. Cauquenes is much re- 
sorted to by invalids during the summer. Mine- 
ral waters are very common in Chili. 
CHILIOGRAMMA, Kilogramme. 
CHILIOPHYLLON, Achillea millefolium. 
CHILITES, Cheilitis. 
CHILL, Rigor. s 
CHI'LON, Chei'lon, Cheili'tis, from xeiXot, 'a, 
lip.' Inflammation of the lips. - Vogel. One 
who has a thick lip; Labeo, Labes. 
CHILOPLASTICE, Cheiloplastice. 
CHIMAPHILA, Pyrola umbellata. 
CIIIMETLUM, Chilblain. 
CHIMIA, Chymistry. 
CHIMIATER, Chymiater. 
CHIMIATRIA, Chymiatria. 
CHIMIE, Chymistry. 
CHIMISTE, Chymist. 
CHIMON, Chilblain, Cold. 
CHINA, Cinchona, Smilax china - c. Ameri- 
can or West India, Smilax pseudo-china-c. Oc- 
cidentalis, Smilax pseudo-china - c. Orientalis, 
Smilax china - c. Ponderosa, Smilax china - c. 
Root, Smilax china - c. Spuria nodosa, Smilax 
pseudo-china-c. Vera, Smilax china. 
CHINCAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila - c. 
Water, Nelumbium luteum. 
CHINCHE, Cimex. 
CHINCHINA, Cinchona. 
CHINCHUNCHULLI, lonidium marcucci. 
CHINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
CHINESE, MEDICINE OF THE, Medici'na 
Sm'ica. Medicine has been long, but most im- 
perfectly, practised by the Chinese. From their 
therapeutics we have obtained the old operations 
of acupuncture and moxibustion. 
CHING'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
Lozenges, Ching's. 
CHININUM, Quinine. See Chinium. 
CHINIO'IDINE, Chino'idine, Chinoidi'na, 
Quinoidine,1 from China, 'Cinchona.' A substance 
presumed to be an alkaloid by Sertiirner, who 
separated it from cinchona, it has been sup- 
197 
CHIRONIA 
posed to be a mixture of quinia, cinchonia, and a 
peculiar resinous matter, but according to Liebig 
it i»«imply the alkaloid quinia in an amorphous 
state. 
CHINIUM ACETICUM, Quiniae acetas - c. 
Arsenicosum, Quinise arsenias-c. Citricum, Qui- 
nine citras-c. Ferrocyanogenatum, Quiniae Fer- 
rocyanas - c. Hydrochloricum, Quiniae, murias 
- c. Hydroiodicum, Quiniae hydriodas - c. Lac- 
ticum, Quiniae lactas - c. Muriaticum, Quiniae 
murias - c. Nitricum, Quiniae nitras - c. Phos- 
phoricum, Quiniae phosphas - c. Salitum, Qui- 
niae murias - c. Sulphuricum, Quiniae sulphas 
- c. Tannicum, Quiniae et Cinchoniae tannas - 
c. Valerianicum, Quiniae valerianas. 
CIIINNEYWEED, Lichen roccella. 
CHINOLEINUM, Leukoleinum. 
CHINQUAPIN, Fagus castanea pumila. 
CHINWHELK, Sycosis. 
CHIOCOCCjE RADIX, Caincae radix. 
CHIOLI, Furunculus. 
CHION, Snow. 
CHIQUE, (F.) Puce penetrante, Ptdex Pen'~ 
etrans, Tick, Chiggre, Chig'oe, Chiggo, Chegre, 
Cheg'oe, Jigger. A small insect in America and 
the Antilles, which gets under the epidermis, and 
excites great irritation. 
CHIR, Manus. 
CHIRAETA, Gentiana chirayta. 
CHI'RAGRA, from xc,P> 'hand,' and aypa, 'a 
seizure.' Gout in the hand. 
CHIRAPOTHECA, Arsenal. 
CHIRAPSIA, Friction. 
CHIRARTHRI'TIS, from 'hand,' apffpov, 
'joint,' and ids, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the joints of the hand. 
CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayta. 
CHIRAYTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
CHIRETTA, Gentiana chirayta. 
CHIRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
CHIRIATER, Surgeon. 
CHIRIATRIA, Surgery. 
CHIRIMOYA, Anona tripetala. 
CHIRISIS, Surgery. 
CHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
CHIRIXIS, Surgery. 
CHIROCYRTO'SIS, from XctP> 'the hand,' 
and Kvpruais, ' crookedness.' Crookedness of the 
hand. 
CHI'ROMANCY, Chiromand'a, Vadcin'ium 
chiroman'dcum, Palm'istry, from xc'P> 'the hand,' 
and pavreia, ' divination.' (F.) Chiromancie. Art 
of divining by inspection of the hand. 
CHIRONAX, Surgeon. 
CHIRCHNIA, (from Chiron, Xctpov, the Cen- 
taur, who is said to have discovered its use.) A 
genus of plants. Fam. Gentianeae. 
Chiro'nia Angula'ris, Amer'ican Cen'taury, 
Rosepink, Wild Suc'cory, Bitterbloom, Gentry, 
Sabba'da, S. Angula'ris. Every part of this 
plant is a pure and strong bitter, which property 
is communicated alike to alcohol and water. It 
is used as a tonic and stomachic. 
Chiro'nia Centau'rium, Centau'rium minus 
seu vulga're, Centau'rium parvum, Genda'na cen- 
tau'rium seu Gerar'di, Centau'rium minus, Ery- 
throe'a Centau'rium, Hippocentaurea centau'rium, 
Centau'reum, Centau'ris, Smaller Cent'aury, Les- 
ser Centaury, (F.) Centaurde petite. The tops of 
the lesser Centaury, Centau'rii Cacu'mina, are 
aromatic and tonic, and are sometimes employed 
as such. 
Chiro'nia Chilen'sis, Genda'na Cachen- 
lahuen, Cachen-laguen, Chachinlagua, Chancela- 
gua, Erythroe'a Chilensts, Genda'na Peruvia'na, 
A very bitter plant, indigenous in Chili. It pos- 
sesses the virtues of the Chironea. Given in in- 
fusion-(5j, to water Oj.) OHIRONIUM 
CHIRONI'UM, from xeL?0V> 'bad, malignant.' 
An ulcer difficult of cure : - of a swollen, hard, 
and callous nature. - Galen. Some have sup- 
posed the word to come from Chiron, the Cen- 
taur, who was unable to cure such ulcers. 
CHIRONOMIA, Cheironomia. 
CHIROP'ODIST, (F.) Pedicure. One who 
treats diseases of the hands and feet, or rather 
whose profession it is to remove corns and bun- 
yons; from 'the hand,' and rout, 'the foot.' 
CHIRORRHEUMA, Chirrheuma. 
CHIROSIS, Subactio. 
CHIROSTROPHO'SIS, from Xe<p, 'the hand,' 
and orp£0£iv, 'to turn.' Distortion of the hand. 
CHIROTHE'CA, from %cip, 'the hand,' and 
OrjKr), ' a sheath.' A bandage for the hand. A kind 
of bandage in which the fingers and hand are 
enveloped in spiral turns. When the whole hand 
and fingers are covered, it is called the double or 
complete Chirotheca, Ch. comple'ta, Vinctu'ra 
omnibus dig"itis; and when only a finger is 
covered, the half or incomplete, Ch. incomple'ta, 
Vinctu'ra pro uno diy"ito. See Gantelet. 
CIIIROTRI'BIA, from %£<p, 'the hand,' and 
rpi[3u>, ' I rub.' Friction with the hand. Accord- 
ing to others, dexterity in an art. - Hippocrates, 
Galen. 
CHIRRIIEU'MA, Chirorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'- 
mus mantis, from ££tp, 'the hand,' and pevya, 'flux.' 
Rheumatism of the hand. 
CHIRURGEON, Surgeon. 
CHIRURGI PHYSICI, see Surgeon. 
CHIRURGIA, Surgery - c. Anaplastica, Mo- 
rioplastice-c. Curtorum, Morioplastice-c. Infu- 
soria, Infusion of medicines - c. Transfusoria, 
Transfusion. 
CHIRURGICUS, Surgical. 
CHIRURGIE, Surgery-c. Militaire, Surgery, 
military. 
CHIRURGIEN, Surgeon-c. Consultant, Con- 
sulting Surgeon-e. Hernieux, see Hernial. 
CHIRURGIQUE, Surgical. 
CHIRURGUS, Surgeon. 
CHIST. An Arabic word which signifies the 
sixth part. The sixth part of the Congius or 
gallon. 
CHITON, Tunic. 
CHITONISCUS, Indusium. 
CHITTICK'S NOSTRUM, see Nostrum. 
CHIUM VINUM. From Chios, the island 
where it was produced; Chian wine ; used by the 
physicians of antiquity in cases of defluxions and 
ophthalmia.-Scribonius Largus. 
CHLI'AROS, ' tepid.' A name given 
to slight fevers, in which the heat is not great.- 
Galen. 
CHLIAS'MA, same etymon. A tepid 
and moist fomentation.-Hippocrates. 
CHLOAS'MA, Pityri'asis versic'olor, Mac'- 
ula hepat'ica, Pannus hepat'icus, Hepat'izon, 
Phaze, Pha'cea, Phacus, (F.) Taehes hepatiques, 
Chaleurs du foie, Epjhelide scorbutique, Liver- 
spot, from 'a greenish-yellow colour.' A 
cutaneous affection, characterized by one or more 
broad, irregular-shaped patches, of a yellow or 
yellowish-brown colour, occurring most fre- 
quently on the front of the neck, breast, abdo- 
men, and groins. The patches do not generally 
rise above the surface. There is usually some 
degree of itching. 
The causes are not very evident. Sulphur ex- 
ternally- in any and every form - generally re- 
moves it speedily. Should there be difficulty, 
the external use of the remedy in baths or fumi- 
gations may succeed. 
CHLORA, Chlorine. 
CHLORAS KALICUS DEPURATUS, Po- 
twsa> murias hyperoxygenatus. 
CHLOROSIS 
CHLORASMA, Chlorosis. 
CHLORE, Chlorine-c. Liquide, see Chlorine. 
CHLORETUM CALCARLE, Calais chloridum. 
CHLORIASIS, Chlorosis. 
CHLORIC ETHER, CONCENTRATED, see 
Ether, chloric - c. Ether, Strong, see Ether, 
chloric. 
CHLORINE, from 'green.' Chlo'rinum, 
(Thlorin'ium, Chlora, Oxymuriat'ic Acid Gas, 
Oxygenated Muriatic Acid Gas, DejMogisticated 
Marine Acid, Hal'ogene, Mu'rigene, Chlorum, (F.) 
Chlore. So far as we know, this is an element- 
ary substance. It is a greenish, yellow gas, of 
a strong suffocating smell, and disagreeable taste; 
incapable of maintaining combustion and respira- 
tion, and very soluble in water. One of its cha- 
racteristics is, that of destroying, almost imme- 
diately, all vegetable and animal colours. It is 
employed in fumigations as a powerful disinfect- 
ing agent. A very dilute solution, Aqua seu Li- 
quor Chlo'rini, (F.) Chlore liquide, has been ad- 
ministered internally, in certain cases of diarrhoea 
and chronic dysentery. Immersion of the hands 
and arms in it has often removed itch and other 
cutaneous affections. It has also been inhaled in 
a dilute state in the early stage of phthisis, but it 
is of doubtful efficacy, and is better adapted for 
chronic bronchitis. 
Chlorine, Bisulphuret of, Sulphur, chlo- 
ride of. 
CHLO'ROFORM, Chloroform'um, Carbo'neum 
chlora'turn, Superchlo'ridum formyl'icum, Per- 
chloride and Terchloride of Formyl, called also, 
but not correctly, Terchloride of Carbon, and 
Chloric ether, .Ether chlo'ricus, (F.) Ohloroforme, 
so called on account of the connexion of chlorine 
with formic acid, is a colourless, oleaginous 
liquid, of a sweetish ethereal odour, hot, aroma- 
tic, and peculiar taste. The specific gravity of 
that of the Ph. U. S. is 1.49. It may be ob- 
tained by distilling from a mixture of chlorinated 
lime and alcohol, - rectifying the product by re- 
distillation, first from a great excess of chlori- 
nated lime, and afterwards from strong sulphuric 
acid. It has been used with advantage in asthma, 
and in diseases in which a grateful soothing agent 
is required. Dose, to diluted with water. 
It has likewise been prescribed with great success 
as an anaesthetic agent in spasmodic diseases; 
and to obtund sensibility in surgical operations 
and in parturition,-especially in the way of in- 
halation ; but its use requires caution. See 
Anaesthetic. 
Chloroform, Tincture of, Ether, chloric. 
CHLOROFORMIZA'TION, CAZoro/brwtsa'tto. 
The aggregate of anaesthetic phenomena occa- 
sioned by the inhalation of chloroform. 
CHLOROPHYLLE, Fecula, green. 
CHLORO'SIS, from 'green,' Pal'lidus 
Morbus, Fcedus Vir'ginum color, Pal'lidus color 
virgin'eus, Pallidus morbus, Pallor vir'ginum, 
Icterit"ia alba, Ic'terus albus, Leucopathi'a, Mor- 
bus virgin'eus, Morbus Parthen'ius, Fcedi colo'res, 
Dyspep'sia chloro'sis, Febris amato'ria, Cachexia 
vir'ginum, Febris vir'ginum, Febris alba, Anepi- 
thym'ia chloro'sis, Chloras'ma, Chloros'ma, Chlo- 
ri'asis, Citto'sis, Green-sickness, (F.) C Morose, 
Pales-couleurs. A disease which affects young 
females, more particularly those who have not 
menstruated. It is characterized by a pale, lurid 
complexion, languor, listlessness, depraved ap- 
petite and digestion, palpitation, Ac. The dis- 
ease generally goes off on the occurrence of the 
menstrual flux; but sometimes it is long before 
this is established, and, at times, the catamenia 
are in much larger quantity than usual. To this 
last form M. Trousseau has given the name chlo- 
rose hemorrhagique. 
198 CHLOROSMA 
The blood of chlorosis is generally thin, light- 
coloured, and deficient in red corpuscles; and the 
clot is in less proportion to the serum than in 
health. On auscultation, a bellows' sound has 
been almost invariably detected over the heart, 
and a continuous blowing sound in the larger 
arteries, (especially the carotids and subclavians,) 
re-enforced by each systole of the ventricle, and 
resembling the buzzing of a humming-top, the 
cooing of doves, the whistling of air through a 
key-hole, <tc., (see Bruit.) Very similar sounds 
are heard in the arteries after copious hemor- 
rhage : they seem, therefore, to coincide with en- 
feebled circulation. 
Tonics - as iron-are usually required in the 
treatment, - the disease most commonly occur- 
ring in those in whom there is considerable torpor 
of the system. 
Chlorosis tEthiopum, Chthonophagia - c. 
Amatoria, Hectic fever - c. Gigantea, see Poly- 
sarcia. 
CHLOROSMA, Chlorosis. 
CHLOROT'IC, Chlorot'icug, (F.) Chlorotique. 
Affected with chlorosis, or pertaining to chlorosis; 
-as chlorotic female, chlorotic gymptomg, &c. 
CHLORUM, Chlorine. 
CHLORURE DE CARBON, Chloroform - 
c. d" Or, Gold, Muriate of. 
CHLORURETUM OXIDI CALCII, Calcis 
chloridum. 
CHOA, Chu. 
CHOA'CUM EMPLAS'TRUM NIGRUM. A 
black plaster, mentioned by Celsus, and composed 
of equal parts of litharge and resin. The litharge 
was first boiled in oil. 
CHOAK, Cynanche trachealis - c. Wolf, Ly- 
canche. 
CHOANA, Pelvis - c. Cerebri, Infundibulum 
of the brain. 
CHOANE, Infundibulum. 
CHOANORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
CHOAVA, Coffea Arabica. 
CHOCOLATA, Chocolate-c. cum Osmazomfi, 
see Osmazome. 
CHOC'OLATE, Chocola'tum, Chocola'ta, Suc- 
cola'ta, Succocolla'ta. Dr. Alston says, that this 
word is compounded from two East Indian 
words: - choco, 'sound,' and atte, 'water,' be- 
cause of the noise made in its preparation. An 
alimentary paste prepared from the kernels of 
Theobro'ma cacao or Cacao, with sugar, and 
often aromatics. (See Cacao.) The chocolate 
thus simply prepared-as it is met with, indeed, 
in commerce - is called in France Chocolat de 
eante. It is not very easy of digestion. 
The chocolat d la vanille contains three ounces 
of vanilla and two of cinnamon to twenty pounds 
of common chocolate. The addition of the aro- 
matic renders it somewhat more digestible. Cho- 
colates may likewise be medicated. 
CHOCOLATE, OSMAZOME, see Osmazome. 
CHOCOLATE ROOT, Geum Virginianum. 
CHOCUS, Chu. 
CHCENICIS, Trepan. 
CHCENION, Cord. 
CHCENOS, Cord. 
CHCERAS, Scrofula. 
CHOIROS, Vulva. 
CHOKE DAMP, Carbonic acid. 
CHOLA, Chole. 
CHOLjE'MIA ; from 'bile,' and 'aiya, 
' blood. A morbid state, in which bile exists in 
the blood. Jaundice. 
CHOLAGO, Cholas. 
CHOL'AGOGUE, Cholago'gug, Chole'gos, Fel- 
lid'ucue, Bilit'icut, from %oXr), 'bile,' and ayw, 'I 
expel.' The ancients gave this name to cathar- 
tics, which were reputed to cause the flow of bile. 
199 
CHOLERA 
CHOLANSIS, Cholosis. 
CHOLAS, \o\ai, plur. The epigastrio 
region. Chola'go. The intestines.-Homer. 
CHOLASMA, Cholosis. 
CHOLE, Cholus, Chola, 'bile,'in composition. 
Hence: 
CHOLEC'CHYSIS, Cholen'chysis ; from %oX>), 
'bile,' and eyxva''S> 'effusion.' Effusion of bile. 
CHOLECYST, Gall-bladder. 
CIIOLECYSTEURYS'MA, from ' bile,' 
Kvaris, ' bladder,' and cvpua/ia, ' dilatation.* Dila- 
tation of the gall-bladder. 
CHOLECYSTI'TIS, Infamma'tio Vesi'cce fell' - 
ece, I. cyst'idis fell'ecu, Cysti'tis fel'lea, Hepati'tis 
cyst'lea, from £oX>?, 'bile,' and Kvcnf, 'bladder.' 
(F.) Inflammation de la Vesicule du Fiel, Chole- 
cystite. Inflammation of the gall-bladder. 
CHOL'EDOCH, Choled'ochus; from %oX>7, 
' bile,' and <5oyoj, ' containing or receiving.' 
The Ductus choledochus seu hep'ato-cys'ticus, 
Ductus communis choledochus, (F.) Conduit ou 
Canal Choltdoque, is the duct formed by the 
union of the hepatic and cystic ducts, which pours 
the hepatic and cystic bile into the duodenum. 
CHOLEDOCI'TIS, from choledochus, and itis; 
a suftix denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
of the choledoch duct. 
CHOLEDOG'RAPHY, choledogra'phia, Cho- 
legraph'ia, Cholograph'ia, from 'bile,' and 
ypa0£<v, 'to describe.' A description of what re- 
lates to the bile and biliary organs. 
CHOLEDOL'OGY, Choledolog"ia, Chole- 
log"ia, Chololog"ia, from xo\n> 'bile,' and Xoyos, 
' a discourse.' A treatise on the bile and biliary 
organs. • 
CHOLEGOS, Cholagogue. 
CHOLEGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
CH0LEHA5MIA, Icterus. 
CHOLEIA, Claudication. 
CHOLELITHIA, Cysthepatolithiasis-c. Icte- 
rus, Icterus. 
CHOLELITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithiasis. 
CHOLELITHUS, Calculi, biliary. 
CHOLELOGIA, Choledology. 
CHOLEMES'IA, Cholem'esis, from 
'bile,' and epanj, 'vomiting.' Vomiting of bile. 
CHOLENCHYSIS, Cholecchysis. 
CHOLEPYRA, Fever, bilious. 
CHOLEPYRETUS, Fever, bilious. 
CHOLEPYRRHIN, see Bile. 
CHOLER, Bile. Anger was supposed to be 
produced by a superabundance of bile; hence 
the term Choler for anger. 
CHOL'ERA, Choi'era-morbus, Cholera nostras, 
Cholera vulga'ris, Sporad'ic Chol'era, Choler- 
rha'gia, Pas'sio choler'ica, FeUif'lua passio, Mor- 
bus fellif'luus, Hol'era, Bilis flux'io, (F.) Chola- 
dree lymphatique, Ilydrocholadree, Chcdha-mor- 
bus sporadique, Ch. Europe'en, Trousse-galant, 
from 'bile,' and ptw, 'I flow.' According 
to others, from ' intestines,' or from x°~ 
Xtpa, ' the gutter of a house to carry off the ram.' 
The higher degrees have been called Centrogan- 
glii'tis, and Myeloganglii'tis. A disease charac- 
terized by anxiety, gripings, spasms in the legs 
and arms, and by vomiting and purging (gene- 
rally bilious :) vomiting and purging art, indeed, 
the essential symptoms. The disease is most- 
common in hot climates, - and in temperate cli- 
mates, during summer. In India, Spasmodic 
chol'era, Asiat'ic cholera, Malignant eh., In'dian 
ch., Epidem'ic ch., Pestilen'tial ch., Asphyx'ia 
pestilen'ta, Pestilen'tial asphyx'ia, Choi'eric Pest'- 
ilence, Eastern ch., Orien'tal ch., Cholera orien- 
ta'lis, Ch. In'dica, Ch. Epidem'ica, Typhus Ben-, 
galen'sis, Chol'ero-typhus, Ganglioni'tis peripher'- 
ica et medulla'ris, Hymenoganglii'tis, Pantogan- 
glii'tis, Cholerrhoe'a lymphat'ica, Psorenter'ia f CHOLERAIC 
Typhoid Fever of India, Cholera asphyxia, Hy- 
peranthrax' is, Enterop'yra Asiat'ica, Trisplanch'- 
nia, Trisplanchni'tis, Hcemataporrho'sis, Hcema- 
torrho'sis, Morbus oryzeus, Malignant Cholera, 
Convulsive nervous Cholera, Rice disease, (because 
supposed by Tytler to be caused by damaged 
rice,) (F.) Mort de Chien, is frightful in the ra- 
pidity of its progress, the patient sometimes dying 
in a few hours from the first outset. In temperate 
climates, common cholera is not usually a disease 
of much consequence. It requires that the sto- 
mach and bowels should be cleared, and after- 
wards the irritation be allayed by full doses of 
opium. In the malignant cholera of India, bleed- 
ing at the outset, without regard to the signs of 
apparent depression, and large doses of calomel, 
with opiates, form the great reliance of the prac- 
titioner. x , 
CHOLERA-EUROPEEN, see Cholera-c. 
Indian, see Cholera-c. Indica, see Cholera. 
Cholera Lnfan'tum, Chol'eric Fever of In- 
fants ; Cholera of Infants. A disease so termed 
by American physicians. It occurs, generally, 
in the middle states of the Union, in June or 
July, and continues during the hot weather, 
hence called the 'summer complaint.' The chief 
symptoms are vomiting, purging of green or 
yellow matter, slime or blood, attended with pain 
or uneasiness; and swelling of the abdomen, with 
some pyrexia, generally. The heat of the wea- 
ther seems to be the predisposing, if not the ex- 
citing, cause. It is a fatal disease in towns; dif- 
fering little, if at all, from what is vulgarly called 
the Watery Gripes in England. Clearing, gently, 
the alimentary canal, so as to remove the offend- 
ing matter, and then exhibiting chalk mixture 
and laudanum, with counter-irritants, as sina- 
pisms to the abdomen, is the most satisfactory 
plan of treatment. 
Cholera, Malignant, see Cholera-c. Morbus, 
Cholera - c. Morbus Sporadique,, see Cholera - 
c. Nostras, Cholera morbus-c. Oriental, see Cho- 
lera-c. Pestilential, see Cholera-c. Poison, see 
Poison-c. Spasmodic, see Cholera-c. Sporadic, 
see Cholera-c. Sec, Cholera sicca-c. Vulgaris, 
Cholera morbus. 
Chol'era Sicca, (F.) Chollra sec. Pneuma- 
tosis of the digestive passages in which there is a 
copious discharge of gas upwards and downwards. 
CHOLERAIC, Choleric. 
CHOLERAPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
CHOL'ERIC, Choler'icus. Belonging to bile; 
also to cholera; Cholera'ic, - as the ' choleric or 
choleraic virus.' The French use the term Fievre 
cholerique for the fever accompanying cholera. 
Choleric Fever of Infants, Cholera infan- 
tum. 
Choleric Temperament. The bilious tem- 
perament. 
CHOL'ERINE. A diminutive of cholera. 
The first stage of epidemic cholera; also, the 
precursory symptoms of cholera. 
CHOL'EROID, Cholerdi'des, from cholera, and 
tibos, 'resemblance.' Resembling cholera; as a 
' choleroid affection.' 
CHOLEROMA'NIA, Cholerapho'bia, Cholero- 
pho'bia, from cholera and mania. A dread of 
cholera to such an extent that the individual 
fancies himself affected or threatened by it. 
CHOLEROPHOBIA, Choleromania. 
CHOLEROPHO'NE, from cholera, and <j>b>vn, 
'voice.' The peculiar voice of one in cholera. 
CHOLEROPROSO'PON, Cholerop'sis, from 
eholera, and n-poo-wrov, 'countenance.' The facial 
expression of cholera. 
CHOLEROPSIS, Choleroprosopon. 
CHOLERO-TYPHUS, Cholera, (spasmodic.) 
CHOLERRHAGIA, Cholera. 
200 
CHONDROID 
CHOLERRIICEA LYMPHATICA, Cholera. 
CHOLESTEARINOMA, Cholesteatoma. 
CHOLESTEATINE, Cholesterin. 
CHOLESTEATO'MA, from %oXri, 'bile/ and 
steatoma. An encysted tumour, which presents 
upon the interior of the cyst several superim- 
posed layers of cholesterin, which glisten like 
pearl. Hence it was named by Cruveilheir the 
laminated nacreous fatty tumour. 
CHOL'ESTERIN, C hoi'ester ine, Cholesteri'na, 
Cholosteri'na, Cholesteari'ne, Cholesteati'ne, from 
\o\ij, ' bile,' and o-rcptor, ' solid/ or artap, ' suet.' 
An inodorous, insipid substance, in white, shining 
scales; fusible and crystallizing, on cooling, in 
radiated fibres. Soluble in alcohol. It forms 
the crystalline part of certain biliary calculi. 
See Adipocire. 
CHOLEUMA, Cholosis. 
CHOLIA, Cholosis. 
CHOLICE'LE, from xo\ri, 'bile/ and Kfhj, 
' tumour.' A swelling, formed by the bile mor- 
bidly accumulated in the gall-bladder. 
CHOLICUS, Bilious. 
CHOLIUS, Bilious. 
CHOLICYSTIEGTASIE, Turgescentia vesi- 
cas felleae. 
CHOLICYSTITE, Cholecystitis. 
CHOLOCAT AR'RHOPHE, Cholocatar- 
rhophe' sis, Cholocatarrhoph'ia, from 'bile/ 
and ' to sup up.' The absorption of 
bile. 
CHOLOGRAPHIA, Choledography. 
CHOLOLITHUS, see Calculi, biliary. 
CHOLO'MA, from 'lame, maimed/ 
Distortion of a limb: incapacity of moving it. 
Also, the act of limping, claudication. 
CHOLOPLANIA, Icterus. 
CHOLORRHtE'A, from 'bile/and pcu> 
'I flow.' An abnormous discharge of bile. 
CHOLOS, Bile, Chole. 
CHOLO'SES, from x * Bile.' Alibert in- 
cludes, under this head, every morbid affection 
of the liver and spleen. 
CHOLO'SIS, from xwAof, 'lame.' Cho'lotes, 
Cholas'ma, Cholan'sis, Choleu'ma, Ghol'ia, Clau- 
dica'tion. Hippocrates employs this word par- 
ticularly for a lameness of the hand, which ren- 
ders a person one-handed, (F.) manchot. Also, 
icterus; bilious dyserasy. 
Cholosis Americana, Fever, yellow. 
CHOLOSTERINE, Cholesterin. 
CHOLOTES, Cholosis. 
CHOLOZEMIA FEBRILIS, Fever, bilious. 
CHONDRIN, from xovfyos, 'cartilage.' A va- 
riety of gelatin, obtained by boiling the cornea, 
the permanent cartilages, and the bones before 
they are ossified. 
CHONDRI'TIS, Injlamma'tio Cartilag"vnis, 
from x ' cartilage/ and itis, a termination 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of carti- 
lage. 
CHONDROCLA'SIS, from 'cartilage,' 
and sXaaii, 'fracture.' Fracture of a cartilage. 
CHONDRODES, Cartilaginous, Chondroid. 
CHONDROGENES'IA, Chondrogen'esis, from 
Xovfyos, 'a cartilage/ and yevtais, 'formation. 
Formation of cartilage. A morbid conversion of 
parts into cartilage. 
CHONDROGLOS'SUS, from 'a carti 
lage/ and yXwo-o-a, 'the tongue.' A fasciculus ot 
fleshy fibres, passing from the lesser cornu ot 
the os hyoides to the tongue. It forms part ot 
the hyoglossus. 
CHONDROG'RAPHY, Chondrogra'phia, from 
X»vipoi, 'cartilage/ and ypa<i>n, 'a description.' 
A description of cartilages. 
CHONDROID, Chondrol'des, Chondro'des, CHONDROLOGY 
from xovipos, 'cartilage,' and eilos, 'resemblance.' 
Cartilaginiform. Resembling cartilage. 
CHONDROL'OGY, Chondrolog"ia, from %ov- 
ipos, ' a cartilage,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' A 
treatise on cartilages. 
CHONDRO'MA, Enchondro'ma, from X 
' cartilage.' A cartilaginous growth proceeding 
from bones, including spina ventosa, osteo-sar- 
coma, Ac., of many. 
CHONDRO-PHARYNGE'US, from Xwipos, 'a 
cartilage,' and QapvyZ, ' the pharynx.' Fibres of 
the muscular coat of the pharynx, which arise 
from the lesser cornua of the os hyoides, and 
form part of the Constrictor medius. See Con- 
strictor pharyngis. 
CHONDRO'SES, from 'cartilage.' A 
morbid formation or condition of a cartilage. 
CHONDROSTERNAL, Chondrosterna'lis, from 
Xov&poi, 'a cartilage,' and arcpvov, 'the breast- 
bone.' Having relation to the cartilages of the 
ribs and breast-bone,-as the chondrosternal liga- 
ments, articulations, Ac. 
CIIONDROSYNDES'MUS, from xovtpos, 'a 
cartilage,' and awbsayai, 'a ligament.' Union 
of bones, by means of fibro-cartilage. Synchon- 
drosis. 
CHONDROT'OMY, Chondrotom'ia, fron Xov- 
ipos, ' a cartilage,' and rtpvciv, ' to cut.' Dissec- 
tion of cartilages. 
C H 0 N D R O-XIPHOID, Chondro-xipho'i' des, 
from Xovhpof, ' a cartilage,' and xiphoid, the car- 
tilage so called. Having relation to the xiphoid 
cartilage, as 'Chondro-xiphoid ligament.' 
CHONDRUS, Cartilage. The Xiphoid carti- 
lage, in particular. 
Chondrus, Alica, Fucus crispus - c. Crispus, 
Fucus crispus-c. Polymorphus, Fucus crispus. 
CHONGS, Infundibulum. 
CHOPINE, Chopi'no, Cheopi'na. A measure, 
which contains 16 ounces. A pint measure. 
CHORA, x<npa, 'region.' Any void space. 
Also, the orbit of the eye. 
CHORD, TESTICULAR, Spermatic chord. 
CHORDA, Corda. A string of an instrument. 
It has several meanings: - as a tendon,-the 
intestines (Chorda.) Paracelsus calls the genital 
organs chorda. Chorda seu Funic'ulus Tym'pa- 
ni, a branch of the 7th pair of nerves, according 
to some, of the 5th pair, according to others, 
which passes through the tympanum, (F.) Nerf 
Tympanique - (Ch.) Oorde du Tambour ou du 
Tympan. Chorda Willis'ii, Trabec'ula Willis'ii, 
the small fibres which cross the sinuses of the 
dura mater : so called from their first describer, 
Willis. Chorda Tendin'ea; the tendinous and 
cord-like substances which connect the columna 
oamea of the ventricles of the heart to the 
valves, Ac. 
Chorda, Intestine. 
Chorda Dorsa'lis, Dorsal cord. The axis, 
around which, according to Von Baer, the first 
parts of the foetus are formed, - the rudiment of 
the future vertebral column. 
Chorda Hippocratis, Achillis Tendo-c. Lon- 
gitudinalis Corporis Callosi, see Raphe. 
CHORDA!, Chordee-c. Ferrenii, Chords, vocal. 
Chord.-e Longitudixa'les Lancis'ii. Two or 
three longitudinal elevations and lines on the 
lipper surtace of the corpus callosum. 
Chorda: Penis, Chordee - c. Tendineae, see 
Chorda -c. Veneris, Chordee-c.Vocales, Cords, 
vocal-c. Willisii, see Chorda. 
CHORDAP'SUS, from Xopir), 'intestine,' and 
atrrciv, ' to tie,' Intussuscep'tio. Constriction or 
twisting of the intestines. - Celsus. The Colica 
Ileus. See Enteritis and Beus. 
CHORDEE', Cordee', Chorda Ven'er is sen 
Penis, Phallancylo'sis, Phallocamp'sis, Chorda, 
201 
CHORION 
Chorda'ta Gonorrhoe'a. A painful affection of 
the penis, attending gonorrhoea, and happening 
chiefly at night. It occurs when the violence of 
the inflammation is such, that the urethra cannot 
expand as much as the corpora cavernosa during 
erection, and consequently the glans seems pain- 
fully drawn downwards. The application of cold 
water topically and the administration of opium 
internally, Palliate it. 
CH ORE'A, Chorea Sancti Viti, Ch. Sa net i 
Modes'ti, Ch. gesticulato'ria, Choroma'nia, Syn'- 
clonus saltans, Tripudia'tio spas'tica, from 
' a dance;' sometimes called Scelotyr'be, Viti 
Saltus, Salta'tio Sancti Viti, Ballis'mus, Con- 
vul'sio habitua'lis, Siph'ita prava, Syn'clonus 
Chorea, Myotyr'be, Choreoma'nia, Orchestroma'- 
nia, Epileps'ia Saltato'ria, Morbus Saltato'rius, 
Hieran'osus, M. gesticulate' rius, Scelotyr'be taran- 
tism'us, St. Vitus's Dance, because the movements 
resemble dancing; (F.) Choree, Danse de Saint- 
Witt, Danse de St. Guy. The characteristics 
are: - irregular and involuntary motions of one 
or more limbs, and of the face and trunk. It is 
a disease which usually occurs before puberty; 
and is generally connected with torpor of the 
system, and of the digestive organs in particular. 
Its duration is long, but it is usually devoid of 
danger; although frequently but little under the 
control of medicine. The spasms do not continue 
during sleep. The indications of treatment are • 
to strengthen the general system, and stimulate 
the intestinal canal. Purgatives, once or twice 
a week, and chalybeates, with appropriate regi- 
men, will fulfil these. 
Chorea, Chronic, see Tic-c. Faciei, Tic-c. 
Gesticulatoria, Chorea-c. Partial, see Tic - c. 
Sancti Modesti, Chorea-c. Sancti Valentini, Ta- 
rantismus-c. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
CHOREE, Chorea. 
CHORE'GIA, from %opoy, 'a troop of dancers 
and singers,' and uycu, ' I lead.' Hippocrates 
uses this term for the whole of the apparatus ne- 
cessary for a physician or surgeon. 
CHOREOMANIA, Chorea. 
CHORIODEI'TIS, Ohorioide'i'tis, Chorio'idi'- 
tie, Choro'idi'tis, from 'the choroid,' 
and itis. Inflammation of the choroid coat of 
the eye. 
CHORIODES, Choroid. 
CHORIOIDEA, Choroid. 
CHORIOIDES, Choroid. 
CHO'RION, xopiov, 'skin,' from 'to 
contain, include;' Camis'ia Foetus: the chemise 
or shirt of the foetus in utero. A thin, transpa- 
rent membrane, formerly confounded with the 
decidua, which surrounds the foetus in utero on 
every side, and appears to be developed from nu- 
cleated cells formed in the Fallopian tube. Some 
histologists, however, consider, that it exists in 
the ovary. The general opinion is, that it is 
formed as above described; and perhaps, also, 
from the zona pellucida, which disappears in the 
tube. In the uterus, villous prolongations are 
formed on its surface, which have given it, with 
more recent writers, the name 'shaggy chorion.' 
These villi are probably the agents of the absorp- 
tion of nutritive matter furnished from the lining 
membrane of the uterus. 
By many anatomists, the chorion is considered 
to be formed of two layers; the outer, called by 
Burdach Exoch'orion : the inner, Endocho'rion. 
By others, the distinction of laminae is denied. 
It is exterior to the amnion. 
Chorion also means the true skin. See Cutis. 
Chorion Fungosum, Decidua-c. Reticulatum, 
Decidua-c. Shaggy, see Chorion and Decidua- 
c. Spongiosum, see Decidua-c. Spongy, see De- 
cidua-c. Tomentosum, see Decidua. CHORIONITIS 
CHORIONITIS. Induration of the Cellular 
tissue. 
CHOROID, Choro'i'deus, Chordi'des, Choridi'- 
dcs, Chorio'des, from x»piov, 'the chorion,' and 
aiof, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Several parts are so 
called, which resemble the chorion, in the multi- 
tude of their vessels. 
Choroid Muscle, Ciliary muscle. 
Choro'I'de a seu Chorioi'dea Tu'nica, Ch. Mem- 
bra'na, o" simply the Choroid, Tu'nica vasculo'sa 
Oc'uli, T. aciniform'is seu rhagoi' des, (F.) Mem- 
brane choro'ide, Choro'ide. A thin membrane, of 
a very dark colour, which lines the sclerotica, 
internally. The part behind the iris is called 
Uvea. It is situate between the sclerotica and 
retina, has an opening, posteriorly, for the pas- 
sage of the optic nerve; and terminates, ante- 
riorly, at the great circumference of the iris, 
where it is continuous with the ciliary processes. 
According to Ruysch, the choroid consists of two 
layers, to the innermost of which his son gave the 
name Tu'nica Ruyschia'na, Membra'na Ruysch- 
ia'na, (F.) Membrane Ruyschienne. The in- 
ternal surface of the membrane is covered with a 
dark pigment, consisting of several layers of pig- 
ment cells, called Pigmen'tum nigrum, Stratum 
pigmen' ti, Ophthalmochroi'tes, ./Etliiopa animal, 
(F.) Enduit choro'idien. Its use seems to be, to 
absorb the rays of light after they have traversed 
the retina. 
ChoroI'des Plexus, Plexus choro'i'deus seu reti- 
cula'ris, Vermes cer'ebri, Choroid Plexus. Two 
membranous and vascular duplicatures of the pia 
mater, situate in the lateral ventricles. They are 
fixed to the Tela chordidea by one edge, and are 
loose and floating at the other. 
Choroidea Tela, (F.) Toile chordidienne. A 
kind of vasculo-membranous prolongation of the 
pia mater, which lines the lower surface of the fornix 
united with the corpus callosum. It is stretched 
above the third ventricle, and covers the poste- 
rior commissure and corpora quadrigemina. An- 
teriorly, the tela choroidea is continuous with the 
plexus choroidea. 
Choroide.e VeNjE, Vence Gale'ni, (F.) Veines 
choro'idiennes. Two veins, that creep along the 
tela choroidea; into which almost all those of 
the lateral ventricles, of the upper part of the 
cerebellum, of the pineal gland, and the corpora 
quadrigemina open. The Venae Galeni open into 
the sinus quartus or fourth sinus. 
CHOROIDE, CE IN TUBE BLANCHE DE 
LA, Ciliary ligament-c. Commissure de la, Cili- 
ary ligament. 
CHOROIDITIS, Choriodeitis. 
CHOROI'DO-RETINI'TIS. Inflammation of 
the choroid and retina. 
CHOROMANIA, Chorea. 
CHOSES CONTRE NATURE, Res contra 
naturam - c. Naturelies, Res naturales - c. non 
Naturelies, Res non naturales. 
CHOSIS, Arenatio. 
CHOU CABUS, Brassica capitata-c. Crofite, 
Sauer Kraut-c. Fleur, Brassica Florida, Cauli- 
flower excrescence - c. Marin, Convolvulus sol- 
danella - c. Navet, Brassica rapa - c. Pomme, 
Brassica capitata-c. Potager, Brassica - c. Ro- 
quette, Brassica eruca. 
CHREMMA, Sputum. 
CHREMPSIS, Exspuition. 
CHRISIS, from xplw, 'I anoint.' The action 
of anointing. Inunction. 
CHRISMA, same etymon. The act of anoint- 
ing. The salve or liniment used. Prurigo. 
CHRISTI MANUS. Troches prepared from 
refined sugar boiled in rose-water with or without 
prepared pearls. 
202 
CHRYSANTHEMUM 
CHRISTOPHER HERB, Actma spicata. 
CHRISTOPHORIANA SPICATA, Actaea spi- 
cata. 
CHRISTOS, from 'I anoint.' 
Any medicine applied under the form of liniment 
or ointment. 
CHROA, Chrcea, Chroma. Colour in general. 
The surface of the body. The skin. 
CHRCEAS, Scrofula. 
CHROMA, Chroa. 
CHROMATOG"ENOUS, from xpu>pa, 'colour,' 
and •ycwaw, ' I make.' 
Chromatog"enous Apparatus. A particular 
apparatus for producing the colouring matter of 
the skin, composed of a glandular or secreting 
parenchyma, situate a little below the papillae, 
and presenting special excretory ducts, which 
pour out the colouring matter on the surface of 
the true skin.-Breschet. 
CHROMATOMETABLEPSIA, Achro- 
matopsia. 
CHROMATOPHO'BIA, from xpupa, 'colour,' 
and 0o/3oj, ' dread.' Morbid sensibility to certain 
colours. 
CHROMATOPSEUDOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
CHROMATOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
CHROMIC ACID, Ac"idum Chro'micum, (F.) 
Acide chromique. Obtained by crystallization 
from a mixture of bichromate of potasea, and 
oil of vitriol. It has been used as an escharotio 
in external hemorrhoids. 
CHROMIDRO'SIS, from 'colour,' and 
'nipwy, ' sweat.' Abnormous coloration of the per- 
spiratory secretion. 
CHROMOP'SIA, Chromop'ia, Chromatop'gia, 
Chrotop'sia, Chrup'sia, Crop'sia, Vigne colora'tus, 
Suffu'gio colo'rana, from xpwpa, 'colour,' 
'vision.' A state of vision in which a coloured 
impression is made on the retina. Said to be 
occasionally observed in jaundice. 
CHRONAGUNEA, Menstruation. 
CHRONIC, Chron'icug, Chro'niue, Poly chro'- 
niue, Invetera'tug, Anti' quu», Dena'ug, from xpovos, 
' time.' Of long duration. 
Chronic Diseases, Morin chron'ici, Macro- 
nog'ice, Macro'gia, (F.) Mala dice Chroniqueg, are 
those whose duration is long, or whose symptoms 
proceed slowly. The antithesis to chronic is acute. 
CHRONO, from 'time.' A prefix to 
terms denoting inflammation of a part, to show 
that such inflammation is chronic.-Piorry. 
CHR ONO-HEP ATITE, Hepatitis, chronic. 
CHRONO-NEPHRITE, Nephritis (chronic.) 
CHRONO-THERMAL, from xpovoy, 'time,' 
and Seppi, 'heat.' Relating to time and tempe- 
rature. An epithet given to a fanciful 'system' 
by Dr. Samuel Dickson, which maintains, that 
there can be no increase or diminution of tempe- 
rature without motion ; no motion without time ; 
that motion consists in attraction and repulsion ; 
that attraction and repulsion are peculiar to elec- 
tric action; and hence, that medicines must 
change the motions of the system, and be electri- 
cal in their operation. 
CHROTOPSIA, Chromopsia. 
CHRUPSIA, Chrcmopsia. 
CHRYSALEA, Nitro-muriatic acid. 
CHRYSANTHEMUM, Calendula officinalis. 
Chrysan'themum Leucan'themi'm. from Xpv- 
cos, 'gold,' and avSot, 'a flower.' The Ox-eye 
daigy, Daigy, Whiteweed, Goldena, Maudlinwort) 
Bellig major seu praten'eie, Buphthal'mum majue, 
Leucan'themum vulga're, Matrica'ria Leucanth'e- 
mum, Bellidio'i'deg, Congol'ida media, Oc'ulue Bo- 
vig, (F.) Chryganthime, Chrygine, Grand Margue- 
rite deg prig. The flowers and herb are slightly 
acrid; and were once used in pulmonary diseases. CHRYSE 
Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Matricaria par- 
thenium. 
CHRYSE, from xpvaoj, 'gold.' The name of 
a yellow plaster, described by Paulus of Aigina, 
and composed of thus, alum, lead, colophony, 
resin, oil, and orpiment, boiled in vinegar. 
CHli YSENE,Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
CHRYSITIS, see Plumbi oxidum semivitreum. 
CHRYSOBALANUS GALENI, see Myristica 
moschata. 
CIIRYSOCALIS, Matricaria. 
CHRYSOCHALCOS, Brass. 
CHRYSOCOLLA, Borax. 
CHRYSOCOMA, Millefolium. 
CHRYSOLACHANUM, Chenopodium bonus 
Henricus. 
CHRYSOL'ITHUS, Chrys'olite, from 
'gold,' and \i$os, 'stone.' A precious stone, of 
a golden colour, regarded by the ancients as car- 
diac, cephalic, Ac. 
CIIRYSOMELIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
CHRYSOPHYL'LUM CAINI'TO, from xpvaos 
'gold,' and 0vXXov, 'a leaf.' Cainito, Siderox'- 
ylon, Broad-leaved Star-apple. A tree of the 
Antilles, which produces one of the best fruits 
of the country. There are several varieties of it. 
Chrysophyllum Glyciphl-eum, Monesia. 
CHRYSOPUS, Cambogia. 
CHRYSOS, Gold. 
CHRYSOSPERMUM, Sempervivum tectorum. 
CHRYZA FIBRAUREA, Coptis. 
CHTHONOPHA'GIA, Oachex'ia Africa'na, 
Mala'cia Africano'rum, Pica Africano'rum, Leu- 
cophlegma'tia Aithio'pum, Chloro'sis xEthiopum, 
Dirt-eating, (F.) Mai d'Estomac, from 
' earth,' and <payu, ' I eat.' A disorder of the nu- 
tritive functions observed amongst the negroes of 
the South and of the West Indies, in which there 
is an irresistible desire to eat earth. It is accom- 
panied by most of the signs of chlorosis. 
CHU, Choa or Chus, Chocw. A liquid 
measure amongst the Greeks, answering to the 
Congius of the Romans, and containing six sex- 
tarii, or twelve Attic cotylae, or nine pints.-Galen. 
CHURRUS, see Bangue. 
CHUTE, Prolapsus-c. du Fondement, Proc- 
tocele-c. de la Matrice, Procidentia uteri-c. des 
Onfs, see Parturition-c. du Rectum, Proctocele. 
CH YL AIRE, Chylous. 
CHYLAR, Chylous. 
CHYLARION, Chyle. 
CHYLE, Chylus, Succus nutrit"ius, from %v<>>, 
'I flow.' The word, in Hippocrates,means Tisane 
or Decoction of Barley, Chyla'rion, Ga- 
len first used it in its present sense;-i. e. for a 
nutritive fluid, extracted by intestinal absorp- 
tion, from food which has been subjected to 
the action of the digestive organs. It is of a 
whitish appearance; is separated from the chyme 
in the duodenum, and the rest of the small intes- 
tines, and is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels, 
which arise at the mucous surface of the intestine. 
Along |hese it passes through the mesenteric 
glands to the thoracic duct, and is finally poured 
into the left subclavian. It is composed, like the 
blood, of a coagulable part and of serum. Chyle 
corpuscles or globules, exist in it, the average size 
of which is about l-4600th of an inch. See Chyme. 
Chyle Corpuscles, see Chyle. 
CHYLEUX, Chylous. 
CHYLIF'EROUS, Chy'lifer, Chyliferus, Chy- 
loph'orus; from chylus, 'chyle,' and ferre, 'to 
carry.' Chyle-bearing. 
Chylif'erous Vessels, Vasa Chylif'era seu 
Chylof'era, Via chylif'era, Vena lactea, Vasa 
lactea. The Lacteals. (F.) Vaisseaux chylifires, 
V. Lactls. Vessels which convey the chyle from 
the intestines to the thoracic duct. 
203 
CHYMICAL 
CHYLIFICA'TION, Chylifica'tio, Chylo'ais, 
Chylopoie'sia, Prccpara'tio chyli, from chylua, 
'chyle/ and facere, 'to make? Formation of 
chyle by the digestive processes. 
CHYLINE, Cyclamen. 
CHYLISMA, Succus expressus. 
CHYLIS'MUS, from xvXos, 'juice.' The act 
of expressing the juice of vegetables, Ac. 
CHYLOCYSTIS, Receptaculum chyli. 
CHYLODES, Chylous. 
CHYLODIABETES, Chyluria. 
CHYLODIARRHCEA, Coeliac flux. 
CHYLODOCHIUM, Receptaculum chyli. 
CHYLOG'RAPHY, from xyXos, ' chyle/ and 
ypa</»7, ' a description? A description of the ana- 
tomy, Ac., of the chyliferous vessels. 
CHYLOPOIESIS, Chyliflcation. 
CHYLOPOIET'IC, Chylopoiet'icua, Chylopoi'e- 
va, from xvAof, ' chyle/ and irouu, ' I make? Re- 
lating to or connected with the formation of chyle. 
Chiefly applied to the organs immediately con- 
cerned in it; as the stomach, intestines, omenta, 
and mesentery. Assistant Chylopoietic : - ap- 
plied to viscera which aid in the formation of 
chyle, as the liver and pancreas. 
CHYLORRHtEA, Coeliac flux - c. Pectoris, 
Chylothorax-c. Renalis, Chyluria-c. Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 
CHYLOSIS, Chyliflcation. 
CHYLOSTAG'MA DIAPHORET'ICUM 
MINDERE'RI. A compound prepared by dis- 
tilling the theriac o/Andromachus, the mithridate 
of Damocrates, and other alexipharmics, Ac. It 
is nearly the same preparation as the Aqua The- 
riaca'lis Bezoar' dica. 
CHYLOTHO'RAX,Pleurorrhoe'a chylo'sa, Chy- 
lorrhoe'a Pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax chylo'sus ; from 
jl'uXof, 'chyle/ and 0wpa£, 'the chest?-Effusion 
of chyle into the chest, owing to the rupture of a 
chyliferous vessel. 
CHYLOUS, Chylar, Chylo'sus vel Chyla'ria, 
Chylo'des, (F.) Chyleux, Chylaire. Relating to 
the chyle; or having some analogy to that'fluid. 
CHYLU'RIA, Diabe'tes lac'tea, D. Chylo'sus, 
Chylodiabe'tes, Galactu'ria, Fluxua cadiacua per 
Benes, Pyu'ria lac'tea, P. Chylo'sa, Caliaca uri- 
na'lia, C. rena'lia Chylorrhoe'a urina'lis, Ch.rena'- 
Ha, from xvXos, 'chyle/ and ovpov, 'urine? (F.) 
Biabete chyleux. A discharge of milky urine, with- 
out any apparent lesion of the kidneys or bladder. 
CHYLUS, Chyle, Decoction, Succus. 
CHYME, Chymua, xvP°S> 'juice/ from 'I 
flow? The pulp, formed by the food, mixed with 
the supra-diaphragmatic and gastric secretions, 
after it has been for some time in the stomach. 
In this it continues until it reaches the biliary 
and pancreatic ducts, which open into the duo- 
denum ; where the conversion into chyle occurs, 
which is absorbed by the chyliferous vessels,- the 
excrementitious portion of the food traversing the 
large intestine to be evacuated per anum. Cas- 
telli asserts, that Chyme and Chyle were used in 
an inverse sense by the ancients, from that ac- 
cepted at present. 
CHYMI, Humours. 
CHYMIA, Chymistry-c. Organica, Chymis- 
try, organic-c. Pharmaceutica, see Chymistry. 
CHYMIA'TER, Chimia'ter, Chemia'ter, from 
XVjuia or xipizla> 1 chymistry/ and tarpos, ' a phy- 
sician/ latro-chym'icua. A chemical physician. 
CHYMIATRI'A, Chymiatri'a,Chemiatri'a, la- 
tro-chemi'a, Medici'na apagir'ica, Ara Chymiat'- 
rica, from or ' chymistry/ an d larpaa, 
'cure? The art of curing by chemical means. 
CHYM'ICAL, Chem'ieal, Chem'icua, Chem</- 
ticus. A medicine formed by the aid of chymistry, 
in contradistinction to Galenical. CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY 
CHYM'ICO-HISTOL'OGY, 
ta, Chem'ico-histol'ogy. The doctrine of the or- 
ganic chemistry and morphology of tissues. 
CHYMICOPHANTA, Chymist 
CHYMICUS, Chymical, Chymist. 
CHYMIE, Chymistry. 
CHYMIFICA'TION, Chymifica'tio, Chymo'- 
sis, from 'juice,' and facere, 'to make.' 
Formation of chyme. 
CHYM'IST, C hem'1st, Chem'ieus, Chymico- 
phan'ta, Chym'icus, (F.) Chimiste ou Chymiste. 
One acquainted with chymistry. In Great Bri- 
tain it has, also, the signification of "one who 
sells chemicals." 
CHYMISTE, Chymist. 
CIIYM'ISTRY, Chem'istry, Chemi'a, Chy mi'a, 
Ohimi'a, Chemeu'tici,Chemot'ice, Philosoph'ia per 
ignern, Spagy'ria, Pyrotech'nia, Pyrosoph'ia, Ars 
hermet'ica, Archima'gia, Ars mago'rum, Are sepa- 
rata'ria, Ars spagir'ica; from 'juice,' or 
from Arab, chema, 'a secret.' (F.) Chimie ou 
Chymie. A branch of the natural sciences, whose 
object is to investigate the nature and properties 
of bodies, simple and compound, inorganic and 
organized; and to study the force or power, by 
virtue of which every combination is effected. It 
investigates the action between the integrant mo- 
lecules or atoms of bodies. 
Organic Chemistry, Chymi'a organ'tea, Organo- 
chemi'a, is the chymistry of organized sub- 
stances,- animal and vegetable. 
Animal Chym'istry, Zooch'emy or Zooch'ymy, 
Zoochemi'a, is the chymistry of substances af- 
forded by the dead or living animal body. This 
branch of chymistry has been farther subdi- 
vided into physiological, when it considers the 
changes produced in organized bodies in health, 
pathological, when it regards those produced 
by organic or other diseases. Anthropochymy, 
Anthropochemi'a, is the chymistry of the human 
body. Chymistry is called Therapeu'tical or 
Pharmaceu'tical, Pharmaco-chymi'a, Chymi'a 
pharmaceu'tica, when it is engaged in the analy- 
sis of simple medicines; in improving the pre- 
scribing and preparing of chemical and Galenical 
medicines; in the means of preparing them, and 
detecting adulterations, Ac. Hygien'ic Chym'istry 
is that which is applied to the means of rendering 
habitations healthy, of analyzing the air we 
breathe, preventing the occurrence of disease, 
pointing out healthy aliments, and appreciating 
the influence of professions, Ac. on the health of 
man. All these different subdivisions, with vege- 
table chymistry, are, at times, included under the 
head of Medical Chym'istry, Phytochymistry ; at 
others, the term comprehends only the AnimaZ, 
Vegetable and Pharmaceutical subdivisions. 
Vital Chemistry, Biochymi'a, is that which is 
executed under the influence of vitality. 
A knowlege of chymistry is of great importance 
to the physician. Many of the functions are of 
a chemical nature: many diseases require a che- 
mical mode of treatment; and, without an ac- 
quaintance with it, two or more substances might 
be given in combination, which, by forming a 
chemical union, might give rise to other com- 
pounds, possessing very different virtues from the 
components taken singly, and thus the prescriber 
be disappointed in the results. 
Chymistry, Animal, see Chymistry-c. Hy- 
gienic, see Chymistry - c. Medical, see Chymis- 
try-c. Organic, see Chymistry-c. Pharmaceu- 
tic, see Chymistry-c. Therapeutical, see Chy- 
mistry- c. Vegetable, see Chymistry-c. Vital, 
see Chymistry. 
CHYMOCHEZIA, Cceliac flux. 
CHYMOPLANIA,(G.)Chymoplanien,Dys- 
204 
CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA 
chymos e n, from 'juice,' and 'wander- 
ing.' A transposition of secretions:-a family of dis- 
eases in the classification of Fuchs, which includes 
icterus, uroplania, menoplania and galactoplania. 
CHYMORRIHEA, Coeliac flux, Lientery. 
CHYMOSIN, Pepsin. 
CHYMOSIS, Chymification. 
CHYMOZEMIA, Hypererinia. 
CHYTLEN, RADIX. A cylindrical root, bitter 
and inodorous, brought from China. It is held 
by the Chinese to be stomachic. - Murray. 
CHYT'LON, from ' I pour out.' A 
liquid formerly used for rubbing the body after 
bathing. 
CIBARIUM, Aliment. 
CIBA'RIUS PANIS, ' Coarse bread.' Bread 
made of second flour. - Celsus. 
CIBA'TIO. Trophe. The taking of food. In 
Pharmacy, it is the same as Incorporation. 
CIBUS, Aliment-c. Albus, lilancmanger- 
c. Deorum, Asafoetida. 
CICATRICE, Cicatrix. 
CICATRICES OVARIORUM, Stigmata ova- 
riorum. 
CICATRIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cicatrix. A 
small cica'trix, Stigma. The term is, also, applied 
to a small white spot, called the tread, chal'axa, 
chala'zium, observable at the surface of a fecun- 
dated egg. See Molecule. 
CICATRISAN'TIA, Epulot'ica, Synulot'ica, 
Apulot'ica, Catulot'ica, Ulot'ica. Remedies for- 
merly considered to be capable of producing cica- 
trization. 
CICA'TRIX, Caca' trix, Ule, Oule, from ccecare, 
'to conceal,' because it conceals the wound. (F.) 
Cicatrice. The union of parts, which have been 
divided. A scar or formation, of a reddish colour, 
afterwards whitish, and of variable thickness, 
which takes place at the surface of wounds or ulcers 
after their cure. A cicatrix may vary much in 
shape, consistence, and thickness. The cicatrix 
of a bone is called Callus. A vic"ious cica'trix, 
(F.) Cicatrice vicieuse, is one which interferes 
with the action of the parts on which it occurs. 
The scars after small-pox, are called Pits or Pock- 
marks, (F.) Couture* par la petite verole. 
Cicatrix Variola, Pockmark. 
CICATRIZA'TION, Cicatrisa'tio, Epulo'sis, 
Synulo'sis. The process by which a cicatrix is 
formed. Every tissue, except the nails, epider- 
mis, hair, and enamel is, probably, capable of 
cicatrization. 
CICELY, SWEET, Chasrophyllum odoratum, 
Osmorrhiza longistylis, Scandix odorata. 
CICER ARIETI'NUM. The Cicer plant, 
Erebin'thus, (F.) Cicfrole, Pois Chiche. The 
seeds are ground into flour, and used as bread in 
some countries. 
Cicer Lens, Ervum lens. 
CI'CERA TAR'TARI. Small pills of turpen- 
tine and cream of tartar-of the size of a vetch 
or cicer. 
CICERBITA, Sonchus oleraceus. # 
CICEHOLE, Cicer arietinum. 
CICHO'RIUM ENDIV'IA. The systematic 
name of the Endive, Endiv'ia, Endi'va, In'tubum, 
In'tybum (Antiq.), Scariola, In'tybus horten'sis, 
(F.) Chicoree des Jardins, Scariole. Family, 
Cichoracea?. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
aequalis. It is a common pot herb, and is eaten 
as salad. 
Cicho'rium In'tybus, Serie, Seriola, In'tubum 
errat'icum. The systematic name of the JFiiZd 
Suc'cory, Wild Cich'ory, Cich'ory, Wild Endive, 
Ambulei'a, Heliotro'pion, Catanan'ce, Cicho'reum, 
(F.) Chicoree sausage. It is bitter, and was once 
used as a tonic. The root, roasted and ground, 
is often used instead of, or mixed with, coffee. CHICORY, WILD 
CICHORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus. 
CICI, Ricinis communis. 
CICINDE'LA, Lam'py ria, Noctil'uca, Nited'- 
ula. The Glow-worm. (F.) Ver luisant. This 
insect was once thought to be anodyne and lithon- 
triptic. 
CICIS, see Quercus infectoria. 
CIGON'GIUS; an ancient measure, contain- 
ing 12 pints. 
CICUTA, Conium maculatum. 
Cicu'ta Aquat'ica, Cicu'ta viro'sa, Cicuta'ria 
aquat'ica, Corian'drum cicu'ta, Water Hemlock, 
Cowbane, (F.) Cigtie aquatique ou tnreuse. Fa- 
mily, Umbelliferre. Sex. Sy st. Pentandria Digy- 
nia. A violent poison, often eaten by mistake 
for Wild Smallage, Apium Graveolens. It pro- 
duces tremors, vertigo, burning at the stomach, 
and all the symptoms occasioned by the Narco- 
tico-acrid class of poisons. 
Cicu'ta Macula'ta, (F.) Cigue d'Amiriqne, 
American water hemlock, American Hemlock, 
Snakeweed, Death of man, Water parsley, Poison 
root, Wild Hemlock, Children's bane, is analo- 
gous in botanical character and medical proper- 
ties to the European species. See Conium Ma- 
culatum. 
Cicuta Major, Conium maculatum-c. Major 
foetida, Conium maculatum-c. Stoerkii, Conium 
maculatum - c. Terrestris, Conium maculatum- 
c. Virosa, Cicuta aquatica-c. Vulgaris, Conium 
maculatum. 
CICUTARIA, Chserophyllum sylvestre - c. 
Aquatica, Cicuta aquatica, Phellandrium aquati- 
cum-c. Odorata, Chaerophyllum odoratum. 
CIDER, Poma'ceum, (F.) Cidre. This word 
is said to have been formerly written sidre, and 
to have come from Sic'era, triscpa, which signifies 
any kind of fermented liquor other than wine. 
It is made from the juice of apples, and, when 
good, is a wholesome drink. 
CIDRE, Cider. 
CIGNUS; an ancient measure, which con- 
tained about two drachms. 
CIGUE AQUATIQUE, Cicuta aquatica - c. 
d'Am&rique, Cicuta maculata-c. d'Eau, Phellan- 
drium aquaticum-c. Grande, Conium maculatum 
c. Ordinaire, Conium maculatum - c. Petite, 
jEthusa cynapium-c. Vireuse, Cicuta aquatica. 
CIL'IA, Blephar'ides, Pili palpebru,'rum. The 
eyelashes. The hairs on the eyelids. (F.) Cils. 
Their use seems to be, to prevent the entrance 
into the eye of light bodies flying in the atmo- 
sphere ; and to diminish, in certain cases, the in- 
tensity of light. Also, the tarsi. Also, a pecu- 
liar sort of moving organs, resembling small 
hairs, vi'bratory or vi'bratile cil'ia, Cil'ia vibra- 
to'ria, (F.) Gils vibratils, which are visible with 
the microscope in many animals. These organs 
are found on parts of the body, which are habi- 
tually in contact with Water, or other more or 
less fluid matters, and produce motion in these 
fluids, impelling them along the surface of the 
parts. Cilia have been found to exist in all ver- 
tebrated animals except fishes, having been dis- 
covered on the respiratory and uterine mucous 
membranes of mammalia, birds, and reptiles. 
The terms " vibratory motion" and " ciliary 
motion" have been used to express the pheno- 
mena exhibited by the moving cilia; and it is pro- 
bable, that this motion is concerned in the pro- 
gression of fluids along the membranes. As yet, 
the motion has been observed only in the direc- 
tion of the outlets of canals. 
CILIAIRE, Ciliary. 
CIL'IARY, Cilia'ris, (F.) Ciliaire. Relating 
to the eyelashes, or to cilia. This epithet has, 
also, been applied to different parts, which enter 
205 
CILIARY 
into the structure of the eye; from the resem- 
blance between some of them (the ciliary pro- 
ceeeee) and the eyelashes. 
Ciliary Ar'teries, Arte'rice cilia'res, (F.) Ar- 
teree ciliairee. These are furnished by the oph- 
thalmic artery. They are distinguished into 1- 
Short or pogterior (Art. uvialee-Chauss.) 30 or 
40 in number, which are distributed to the ciliary 
processes. 2. Long, (Art. Irienneg of Chauss.,) 
two in number, which, by the anastomoses of 
their branches, form two arterial circles at the 
anterior surface of the iris : and, 3. The anterior, 
Arte'rice cilia'ree anterio'ree of Haller, the num- 
ber of which is variable. These pierce the scle- 
rotic a few lines from its union with the cornea; 
and are principally distributed to the iris. 
Ciliary Body, Corpue Cilia're, Nexue Stamin'- 
eue Oc'uli, Coro'na Cilia'rie, Ciliary Diec, (F.) 
Corpg ciliaire. A ring of the choroid surround- 
ing the crystalline in the manner of a crown ; 
placed behind the iris and the ciliary circle. It 
resembles the disk of a radiated flower, and is 
formed by the union of the ciliary processes. 
See Ciliary Muscle. 
Ciliary Canal, Canal of Fonta'na. A small, 
extremely narrow circular space, formed between 
the ciliary circle, the cornea, and the sclerotica. 
It can be filled with injection, and it is not cer- 
tain that it is not the cavity of a blood-vessel. 
Ciliary Circle, Ciliary ligament - c. Disc, 
Ciliary body-c. Ganglion, Ophthalmic ganglion. 
Ciliary Lig'ament, C. Circle or Ring, Liga- 
men'tum seu Instertit"ium cilia're, L. I'ridie, 
Plexue cilia'rie, An'nultie seu Cir'culue seu Or- 
bic'ulng cilia'rie, A. cellule'eue, Com'mieeure of 
the Uvea, Commieeure de la Chordide, - (Ch.,) 
(F.) Ligament ou Cercle ciliaire, Cercle de la 
Choro'ide, Ceinture blanche de la Choro'ide. A 
species of greyish ring, of a pulpy consistence, 
situate between the choroid, iris, and sclerotica. 
The internal surface of the choroid is uniform, 
until it approaches within ten lines and a-half of 
the edge of the cornea; here a dentated line is 
observed, termed ora eerra'ta. The outer surface 
presents the an'nulue al'bidue seu gangliform'ie, 
the anterior edge of which unites to the inner 
surface of the sclerotica and constitutes the cili- 
ary ligament. 
Cil'iary Margin or Tarsal Margin of the 
eyelids; (F.) Bord ciliaire. The edge in which 
the cilia or eyelashes are situate. 
Ciliary Motion, see Cilia. 
Ciliary Muscle, Mue'culue cilia'rie. The 
part of the orbicularis palpebrarum in the vici- 
nity of the ciliary margin. Also, the greyish, 
semi-transparent structure behind the ciliary 
ligament and covering the outside of the ciliary 
body. By its contraction the ciliary processes, 
and with them the lens, must be drawn towards 
the cornea. It appears to be the same muscle as 
the Teneor choro'idece or choroid muecle of some 
anatomists. 
Ciliary Nerves (Nerfe Iriene,-Chauss.) (F.) 
Nerfe ciliairee. These are 12 to 16 in number. 
They arise from the nasal nerve, and particu- 
larly from the anterior part of the ophthalmic 
ganglion; and unite in two fasciculi, which 
pass around the optic nerve, and pierce the scle- 
rotica near the entrance of that nerve into the 
eye. They are lost in the ciliary ligament. 
Ciliary Plexus, C. Ligament. 
Ciliary Proc "esses, Procee'ene cilia'ree, 
Rad'ii seu Strice cilia'ree, Rayone eoue-iriene 
(Ch.,) (F.) Procee ciliairee. Triangular folds, 
sixty or eighty in number, placed at the side of 
each other, and radiating, so as to resemble the 
disk of a radiated flower. They are lodged in 
depressions at the anterior part of the vitreous CILIATED 
humour. The uses of these processes are not 
known. 
Ciliary Ring, Ciliary ligament. 
Ciliary Stride are numerous, pale, radiated 
striie in the posterior portion of the Corpus cili- 
are, but so covered by the Pigmentum nigrum as 
not to be distinctly seen till the paint is removed. 
The ciliary processes are formed by these striae. 
Ciliary Veins, (F.) Veines ciliaires, follow 
nearly the same course as the arteries. In the 
choroid they are so tortuous, that they have re- 
ceived the name Vasa vortico'sa. They open into 
the ophthalmic vein. 
Ciliary Zone, Zona seu Zo'nula Cilia'ris, 
Membran' ula Coro'noe Cilia'ris. Under the cor- 
pus ciliare, the capsule of the vitreous humour 
sends off an external lamina, which accompanies 
the retina, and is inserted, with it, into the fore- 
part of the capsule of the lens, a little before its 
anterior edge. This is the Zonula ciliaris, Zo- 
nula Zin'nii or Zonula of Zinn, Coro'na Cilia'- 
ris, Orbic'ulus Cilia'ris. It is of a striated ap- 
pearance and circular form, and assists in fixing 
the lens to the vitreous humour. 
CIL'IATED, Cilia'tus; from cilia. Provided 
with cilia-as "ciliated epithelium," the epithe- 
lium to which vibratory cilia are attached. 
CILLEMENT, Nictation. 
CILLO. A name given by some authors to 
those whose upper eyelid is perpetually tremu- 
lous ;-a trembling, which in some cases is called 
Life's blood. " To have life's blood in the eye," 
in other words, is to have this affection. Vogel 
calls it Gillo'sis. 
CILLOSIS, Cillo. 
CILS, Cilia-c. Vibratils, see Cilia. 
CIMEX, Koris, Kopis, Cimex lectula'rius. The 
Wall or House or Bed Bug or Chinche. (F.) 
Punaise. Six or seven of these, given internally, 
are said to have prevented ague ! There is 
scarcely any thing which is sufficiently disgust- 
ing, that has not been exhibited for this purpose, 
and with more or less success. The bug has also 
been esteemed emmenagogue. 
CIMICIFUGA, Actsea racemosa. 
CIMO'LIA PURPURES'CENS, Terra Sapo- 
na'ria, Terra Fullon'ica, Fuller's Earth.* A com- 
pact, bolar earth, employed in the arts. Used at 
times as a cooling application to inflamed nip- 
ples, &c. 
Cimo'lia Terra, Cimo'lia alba, Smectis, Smec- 
tris, Cimo'lus; from an island in the 
Cretan Sea, where it is procured. It was formerly 
used as an astringent, Ac. - Scribonius Largus, 
Pliny. Probably, the same as the last. 
CINA CINA, Cinchona-c. Levantica, Arte- 
misia Saptonica. 
CINABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
brum. 
CINABARIUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
brum. 
CIN'ABRA, Grasus. The smell of a he-goat. 
A rank smell, like that of the armpit, Hircus 
ala'rum. 
CINASDIA, Masturbation. 
CINARA HORTENSIS, Cynara scolymus-c. 
Scolymus, Cynara Scolymus. 
CINCIIO'NA. So called from the Spanish 
Viceroy's lady, the Countess de Cinchon, who 
was cured of fever by it at Lima, about 1638. 
Called also Cortex seu Pulvis Jesuit'icus, Jesuit's 
Bark or Powder, Cortex Patrum, because it was 
introduced into Europe by the Jesuits; and also 
Pulvis Comitis'soe or the Countess's Powder, and 
Cardinal del Lugo's Powder, Cortex Cardina'lis 
de Lugo, because he introduced it at Rome. It 
is the pharmacopeeial name of several kinds of 
barks from various species of Cinchona, from 
206 
CINCHONA 
the western coast of South America. Nat. Order, 
Cinchonaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogy- 
nia. Called, also, Cortex, Bark, Peruvian Bark, 
English Remedy, Cortex China, Cortex Chinee 
Regius, China, Chinchi'na, Palos de Calentura, 
Kina Kina, (Bark of Barks,) Kinki'na, Cina 
Cina, Quina Quina, Quinqui'na, Magnum Dei 
donum, (F.) 
Cincho'na: Caribas'a: Cortex, from Exos- 
tem'ma Caribce'um, Caribes'an Bark; Saint Lu- 
cia Bark, (F.) Ecorce de Saint Lucie, Quin- 
quina Piton, from Exoste'ma foribund' um ; and 
the Pitaya Bark, Quinquina bi'color, from an 
exostemma (?) or from stryehnos pseudoquina (?), 
are useful substitutes for the cinchona of Peru. 
These are the most important spurious barks. 
They contain neither quinia nor cinchonia. 
Cinchona: Cordifo'lia: Cortex, Cortex flavus, 
Cinchona officina'lis cortex flavus, Yellow Bark, 
Calisay'a Bark, (F.) Quinquina jaune ou jaune 
royal, Calasaya. Odour aromatic; taste strong, 
bitter, astringent. Notrolled; often without the 
epidermis, which is very thick and inert; light, 
friable; fracture fibrous. Active principle Quinia. 
Cinchona: Lancifo'lia: Cortex, Cortex Peru- 
via'nus, Cortex pal'lidus, Cinchona officina'lis 
cortex commu'nis, Cinchona pallida, Pale Bark, 
Loxa Bark, Crown Bark, (F.) Quinquina gris de 
Loxa, Quinquina Orange. Its odour is aromatic; 
taste pleasant, bitter, and astringent. The pieces 
are rolled in double or single quills. Epidermis 
brown, cracked; fracture resinous. Internally 
of a cinnamon colour. Its active principle is 
Cinchonia. 
Cinchona: Oblongifo'll® Cortex, Cortex 
ruber, Cinchona officina'lis cortex ruber, Red 
Bark, (F.) Quinquina rouge. Odour and taste 
the same as the pale, but more intense: in large 
flat pieces, solid, heavy, dry; fracture short and 
smooth; of a deep brownish-red colour. Al- 
though this variety of bark is assigned to the 
Cinchona oblongifolia by some, it would seem, 
that nothing is certainly known as to its source. 
Active principles, Cinchonia and Quinia. 
The last three are the only officinal varieties 
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. There 
are many other varieties, however, which are 
genuine cinchona barks, and yet have not been 
considered worthy of an officinal position. The 
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia admits, indeed, Cin- 
chona cinerea, Grey bark, Silver bark or Huanuco 
bark, which is obtained around Huanuco in Peru, 
and belongs to the class of pale barks. Amongst 
the genuine but inferior barks are those brought 
from the northern Atlantic ports of South Ame- 
rica, which, in commerce, are variously called 
Carthagena, Maracaybo and Santa Martha barks. 
All these barks are bitter, astringent, tonic, 
and eminently febrifuge. The yellow bark has 
been thought equal to any of the others, but the 
red contains more active principle. The discovery 
of their active principles is one of the most im- 
portant gifts of modern chymistry. Still, in per- 
nicious intermittents, the bark, in substance, is 
often demanded. It is employed in every disease 
in which there is deficient tone, but in cases 
where the stomach is much debilitated, the pow- 
der had better be avoided in consequence of the 
woody fibre, which might disagree. Externally, 
it is used in enemata, gargles, Ac., and in gan- 
grenous ulcerations. When it excites nausea, an 
aromatic may be added to it; if purging, opium; 
if costiveness, rhubarb, Ac. Dose, gss to Xj or 
more. 
Essential Salt of Bark, as it is called, is 
an extract, prepared by macerating the bruised 
substance of bark in cold water, and submitting 
the infusion to a very slow evaporation. CINCHONIA 
Cinchona Officinalis ( Cortex Flaws, ) 
Cinchonae cordifolise cortex-c. Pallida, Cinchonas 
lancifoliae cortex-c. of Virginia, Magnolia glauca. 
CINCHONIA, Cinchonine - c. Tannate of, 
Quinas et cinchoniae tannas. 
CINCII'ONINE, Cinchoni'na, Oinchonin, Cin- 
cho'nia. The active principle of Cincho'na lan- 
cifo'lia. An organic, crystalline alkali; of a 
white colour, and bitter, slightly astringent taste; 
very soluble in alcohol and ether, but almost in- 
soluble in water. 
Sulphate of Cinchonia, which is formed directly 
from cinchonia, is soluble in water and alcohol. 
The action of the sulphate of cinchonia is similar 
to that of the sulphate of quinia; but it is less 
energetic, and consequently requires to be given 
in a larger dose. 
Cinchonine, Tartrate of, see Quinine, tar- 
trate of. 
CINCHONISM, Quininism. 
CINCIN'NULUS. A little lock or curl of hair. 
CINCIN'NUS. A curled or frizzled lock. The 
hair on the temples. 
CINC'LlCIS, Cinclis'mus, 'agitation; rapid 
and frequent motion.' The movement of the 
thorax in dyspnoea.-Hippocrates. It has been 
used, also, synonymously with nictation. 
CINCLISMUS, Cinclisis. 
CINEFACTIO, Incineration. 
CINE'MA, Cine'sig, from kivsu, 'I move.' 
Motion. 
CINERARIA MARITIMA, Achaovan, Abiat. 
CINERES CLAVELLATI, see Potash-c. 
Gravellati, see Potash - c. Russici, Potash of 
commerce. 
CINEREUS, Cineritious. 
CINERIT"IOUS, Ciner'eus, from cine res, 
'ashes;' (F.) Cendri. Of the colour of ashes. 
The cortical substance of the brain, and the vesi- 
cular neurine in general, have been so called. 
See Cortex Cerebri, and Neurine. 
CINESIS, Cinema, Motion. 
CINETH'MICS, from kivcu>, ' I move.' The 
science of movements in general. 
CINETIC, Motory. 
CINET'ICA. Same etymon. Diseases affect- 
ing the muscles, and characterized by irregular 
action of the muscles or muscular fibres, commonly 
denominated Spasm. The 3d order in the class 
Neurotica of Good. Also, agents that affect the 
voluntary or involuntary motions.-Pereira. 
CINETUS, Diaphragm. 
CINGULARIA, Lycopodium. 
CIN'GULUM, Zone, from cingo, 'I bind.' (F.) 
Ceinture. A cincture. A girdle. The part of 
the body, situate below the ribs, to which the 
girdle is applied. The waist. 
(Wn'gulum Hilda'ni, Zo'nula Hilda'ni, (F.) 
Ceinture de Hildane. A leathern girdle formerly 
used for the reduction of luxations and fractures 
of the extremities. 
Cin'gelum Mercitria'lE, C. Sapien'tier, C. 
Stultit"ice. A woollen girdle, containing mercu- 
rial ointment. It was used as an antisyphilitic, 
and in diseases of the skin. (F.) Ceinture de vif 
urgent. 
Cingtlum Sancti Joannis, Artemisia vulgaris. 
CINIS FjECUM, see Potash-c. Infectorius, 
see Potash. 
CINNABARIS, Hydrargyri sulphuretum ru- 
brum - c. Graecorum, see Calamus rotang. 
CINNAMOMUM, Laurus cinnamomumc. 
Album, Canella alba-c. Aromaticum, see Laurus 
cinnamomum-c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan 
c. Indicum, Laurus cassia - c. Magellanicum 
Wintera aroma t;ca-c. Malabaricum, Laurus cas- 
sia- c. Zeylanicum, Laurus cinnamomum. 
207 
CIRCULUS 
CINNAMON-, see Laurus cinnamomum- c. 
Malabar, Laurus cassia-c. Wild, Laurus cassia. 
CINON'OSI, from kivcu>, 'I move,' and voaog, 
' a disease.' Diseases of motion. 
CINOPLANE'SIS, from kivcw, 'I move,' and 
Tt\avnan, ' a wandering about.' Irregularity of 
motion. 
CINQUEFOIL, Potentilla reptans-c. Marsh, 
Comarum palustre - c. Norway, Potentilla Nor- 
vegica. 
CINZILLA, Herpes zoster. 
CION, Uvula. 
CI'ONIS. The Cvula. Also, tumefaction, or 
elongation of the uvula; Staphylodial'yeig. 
CIONI'TIS, from kiovis, 'the uvula,' and itt's, 
'inflammation.' Inflammation of the uvula, 
Uvuli'tis. 
CIONORRHAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
CIOT'OMY, Ciotom'ia,Cionot'omy,Cionotom'io, 
from kio>v, 'the uvula,' and ropn, 'incision.' Ex- 
cision of the uvula when too long. 
CIPIPA, see Jatropha manihot. 
CIRCuEA, Atropa mandragora, Circaea Lute- 
tiana. 
CirCjE'a Lutetia'na, Circa'a, Parig'ian Cir- 
ca'a, from Circe, the enchantress; Enchant'erg' 
Ntghtehade, (F.) Herbe de Saint Etienne, Herbe 
aux Sorciere. This plant, common in the vicinity 
of Paris, was formerly considered to be resolvent 
and vulnerary. It was also supposed to possess 
wonderful magical and enchanting properties. 
CIRCINUS, Herpes zoster. 
CIRCLE, Circulus - c. Ciliary, Ciliary liga- 
ment- c. of Willis, see Circulus. 
CIRCOCELE, Cirsocele. 
CIRCONCISION, Circumcision. 
CIUCONFLEXE, Circumflexus. 
CIRCONSCRIT, Circumscribed. 
CIRCONVOLUTION, Convolution. 
CIRCUIT, Circu'itue; in pathological lan- 
guage, generally means 'period,' 'course.' 
CIRCUITUS, Period, Circuit. 
CIR'CULAR, Circula'rie, from circulus, ' a 
circle.' (F.) Circulaire. Having the form of 
a circle; as Circular Amputation, Ac. 
The French use the expression "Une circu- 
laire," for a turn of a bandage around any part. 
Circular Sinus of Ridley, Sinus coronarius. 
CIRCULA'TION, Circula'tio, Cyclophor' ia, 
Periodus san'yuinis, from circulug, ' a circle ;' or 
rather, from circum, 'around,' and ferre, latum, 
' to carry.' (F.) Circulation. Physiologists give 
this name to the motion of the blood through the 
different vessels of the body-sanguimotion ;-to 
that function, by which the blood, setting out 
from the left ventricle of the heart, is distributed 
to every part of the body by the arteries ; - pro- 
ceeds into the veins, returns to the heart, enters 
the right auricle, and passes into the correspond- 
ing ventricle, which sends it into the pulmonary 
artery to be distributed to the lungs, whence it 
issues by the pulmonary veins, and passes into 
the left auricle. From this it is sent into the left 
ventricle, and is again distributed by means of 
the arteries. 
Circula'tion, Cap'illary, C. dee Parenchymas, 
is that which takes place in the capillary vessels ; 
and is, in some measure, independent of the ac- 
tion of the heart. See Capillary Vessels. 
Circulation, Pulmon'ic or lesser, is the cir- 
cle from the right to the left side of the heart by 
the lungs. - The greater or systematic or 
System'ic, is that through the rest of the system. 
CIRCULATOR, Charlatan. 
CIR'CLLATORY, Circulate'rius ; same ety- 
mon as circulation. Relating to the circulation 
as of the blood;-eanguimo'tory. 
CIR'CULUS. A circle or ring; Cyclue, Ci' CIRCUMAGENTES 
rios, (F.) Oercle. Any part of the body which is 
round or annular, as Cir'cuius Oc'uli-the globe, 
bulb, or orb of the eye.-Hippocr., Galen. It is, 
also, applied to objects, which by no means form 
a circle, - as to the Circle of Willis, Cir'cuius 
arterio'sus Willis'ii, which is an anastomotic circle 
at the base of the brain, formed by the anterior 
and the posterior cerebral arteries and the com- 
municating arteries of Willis. 
Circulus Arterio'sus I'ridis. The artery 
which runs round the iris, and forms a circle. 
Circulus Arteriosus Willisii, Circle of Wil- 
lis, see Circulus - c. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament - 
c. Membranosus, Hymen. 
Circulus Quad'ruplex ; a kind of bandage 
used by the ancients. 
Circulus Tonsilla'ris. A plexus formed by 
the tonsillitic branches of the glosso-pharyngeal 
nerve around the base of the tonsil. 
Circulus Veno'sus, Figu'ra veno'sa, Vena seu 
Sinus termina'lis. The venous circle in the em- 
bryo, which bounds the Area Vasculosa or Vascu- 
lar Area. 
CIRCUMAGENTES, Oblique muscles of the 
eye. 
CIRCUMCAULALIS MEMBRANA, Con- 
junctiva. 
CIRCUMCISIO, Circumcision - c. Foemina- 
rum, see Circumcision. 
CIRCUMCIS'ION, Circumcis'io, Posthet'omy, 
Pracis'io seu Abscis'io Praepu'tii, Circumcisu'ra, 
Circumsec'tio, Perit'ome, from circum, 'around,' 
and ccedere, 'to cut.' (F.) Circoncision. An an- 
cient operation, performed by some nations as a 
religious ceremony. It consists in removing cir- 
cularly a portion of the prepuce of infants ;-a 
custom, which was probably suggested with a 
view to cleanliness. In cases of extraordinary 
length of prepuce, or when affected with disease, 
the operation is sometimes undertaken by sur- 
geons. A similar operation is performed, amongst 
the Arabians, and Persians, on the 
female, Circumcis'io foemina'rum, by removing a 
portion of the nymphae, and at times the clitoris. 
CIRCUMCISURA, Circumcision. 
CIRCUMDUCTIO, Perisphalsis. 
CIRCUMDUCTIONIS OPIFEX, Obliquus 
superior oculi. 
CIRCUMFLEX, Circumflex'us, from circum, 
•around,' and flexus. 'bent.' (F.) Circonflexe. 
Curved circularly. A name given to several 
organs. 
Circumflex or Artic'ular Ar'teries of the 
arm are distinguished into anterior and poste- 
rior. They arise from the axillary, and are dis- 
tributed around the shoulder. 
Circumflex Arteries of the Thigh are dis- 
tinguished into external and internal,-A. Sous- 
trochanteriennes-Ch. They are given off from 
the Profunda, and surround the head of the thigh 
bone. 
Circumflex Muscle, Circumflexus Ulus' cuius, 
Tensor Pala'ti, Peri staphyli'nus exter'nus vel in- 
ferior, Circumflex' us Pala'ti Mollis, Spheno-sal- 
pingo -staphyli'nus seu Staphyli'nus exter'nus, 
Mus'culus tuba novce, Pala'to-salpingeus, Pter'- 
ygo - staphyli'n us, Petro - salpin'go - staphyli'nus, 
Spheno -pter'ygo-palati'nus, Salpingo-staphyli'- 
nus, (F.) Palato-salpingien. A muscle, which 
arises from the spinous process of the sphenoid 
bone, and is inserted into the velum pendulum 
palati. Its use is to stretch the velum. 
Circumflex Nerve. This arises from the 
braohial plexus by a common trunk with the 
musculo-spiral nerve. It divides into numerous 
branches, which are distributed to the deltoid. 
Circumflex Veins follow the arteries. 
CIRCUMFORANEUS, Charlatan. 
208 
CIRSOMPHALUS 
CIRCUMFU'SA. Halle has thus designated 
the first class of subjects that belong to Hygiene 
- as atmosphere, climate, residence, Ac.; in 
short, every thing which acts constantly on man 
externally and generally. 
CIRCUMGYRATIO, Vertigo. 
CIRCUMLIGATURA, Paraphimosis. 
CIRCUMLIT"IO, from circumlino, ' I anoint 
all over.' Perich'risis, Perichris'ton. A term 
formerly used for liniments, but especially for 
those applied to the eyelids. 
CIRCUMOSSALE, Periosteum. 
CIRCUMSCRIBED, Circumscnp'fus, (F.)Cir- 
consent. A term applied, in pathology, to tu- 
mours, which are distinct at their base from the 
surrounding parts. 
CIRCUMSECTIO, Circumcision. 
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLE, see Papilla; 
of the Tongue. 
CIRE JAUNE ET BLANCHE, Cera flava 
et alba-c. des Oreilles, Cerumen. 
CIRIOS, Circulus. 
CIRON, Acarus, Psora. 
CIRRHAGRA, Plica-c. Polonorum, Plica. 
CIRRHON'OSUS; from xippos, 'yellow,' and 
voaos, ' disease.' A disease of the foetus, in which 
there is a yellow coloration of the serous mem- 
branes.-Siebenhaar. 
CIRRHOSE DU FOIE, Cirrhosis. 
CIRRHO'SIS, Cirrhono'sis, Kirrhono'sis, from 
Kippos, 'yellow.' A yellow colouring matter, 
sometimes secreted in the tissues, owing to a 
morbid process. Also, called Cirrho'tit or Kir- 
rho'sis. 
Cirrho'sis Hep'at is, see Hepatatrophia. 
Gran'ulated, gran'ular, mam'millated, tuber'cu- 
lated, and hob-nailed liter, (F.) Cirrhose du Foie. 
It appears to be dependent upon repletion of the 
terminal extremities of the biliary ducts with 
bile, along with atrophy of the intervening pa- 
renchyma. Hence the liver is smaller in size, or 
atrophied. 
Cirrhosis Hepatis, see Cirrhosis. 
Cirrhosis of the Lung, Cirrho'sispulmo'num. 
Dr. Corrigan has described a condition of the 
lung under this name, the general character of 
which he considers to be a tendency to consoli- 
dation or contraction of the pulmonary tissue, 
with dilatation of the bronchial tubes. 
Cirrhosis Pulmonum, C. of the Lung. 
CIR'SIUM ARVEN'SE, Car'duus hemorrho- 
'ida'lis, Ceano'thos, (F.) Chardon hemorrhoidal. 
A common plant, used in France in the form of 
cataplasm in hemorrhoids; and worn as an 
amulet. 
CIRSIUM MACULATUM, Carduus marianus. 
CIRSOCE'LE, Circoce'le, Cirsos'ch earn, from 
Kipao$, 'varix,' and xr/Xr/, 'hernia;' Var'icose Her'- 
nia. The greater part of authors have employed 
the term synonymously with Varicocele. Pott 
gives it a different signification. Varicocele, he 
calls the tumour formed by the veins of the scro- 
tum ; Circocele, Funic'ulus varico'sus, the vari- 
cose dilatation of the spermatic veins. The scro- 
tum feels as if it contained earthworms. It is 
commonly an affection of no consequence, de- 
manding merely the use of a suspensory bandage. 
CIRSOI'DES, Cirso'des, from Kipcos, 'varix,' 
and eioos, 'resemblance.' Varicose, or resembling 
a varix. Rufus of Ephesus, according to James, 
applies this term to the upper part of the brain, 
as well as to the spermatic vessels. 
CIRSOM'PHALUS, from wpaos, ' varix,' and 
opupaXos, 'navel.' Varicose dilatation of the veins 
surrounding the navel. The term has, likewise, 
been applied to the aneurismal dilatation of the 
arteries of that region; called also, Varicomph'- 
alus, (F.) Hargne anivrysmale, AneurismalHernia. CIRSOPHTIIALMIA 
CIRSOPIITIIAL'MIA, Cirsophthal'mus, Te- 
langiecta'sia oculi, from Kipaos, ' varix,' and o<f>- 
SaXfjoj, ' the eyeVar'icose ophthal'mia, Oph- 
thalmia varico'sa, Varicos'itas conjuncti'vce. A 
high degree of ophthalmia, in which the vessels 
of the conjunctiva are considerably injected. 
CIRSOSCIIEUM, Cirsocele. 
CIRSOT'OMY, Cirsotom'ia, from Kipaos, 'a 
' varix,' and ropu, ' an incision.' Any operation 
for the removal of varices by incision. 
CIRSUS, Varix. 
CIRSYDROSCHEOCE'LE, from mpaos, 'va- 
rix,' 'v<5wp, 'water,' oa%cav, the 'scrotum.' Vari- 
cocele with, water in the scrotum. 
OISE AUX, Scissors. 
CISSA, Malacia. 
CISSAMPELOS, Pareira brava. 
Cissam'pelos Capen'sis, Nat. Ord. Menisper- 
maceae, grows in almost every mountainous part 
of the Cape of Good Hope. The root is used 
as an emetic and cathartic by the Boers. 
CISSARUS, Cistus Creticus. 
CISSI'NUM, from xtao-oj, 'ivy.' Name of a 
plaster of ivy, used in wounds of the nerves or 
tendons.-Paulus of JEgina. 
CISSOIDES, Capreolaris. 
CISSOS, Hedera helix. 
CISTERN, LUMBAR, Receptaculum chyli. 
CISTER'NA, from siarr), (L.) Cista, ' a chest.' 
(F.) Citerne. This term has been applied to va- 
rious parts of the body, which serve as reservoirs 
for different fluids. The fourth ventricle of the 
brain has been so called.-Arantius. 
Cisterxa Chyli, Receptaculum chyli. 
CISTHORUS, Cistus Creticus. 
CISTOCELE, Cystocelc. 
CISTUS CANADENSIS, Helianthemum Ca- 
nadensis. 
Cistus Cre'ticus, 0. salvifo'Uus seu fau'rictu, 
Cis'thorns, Cis'sarus, Dorycin'ium, Gum Cistus. 
Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. The syste- 
matic name of the plant whence the Za&da'nam, 
Labda'men or Lada'num, Gum'mi Labda'num, is 
obtained. Lada'num is a gum-resinous substance, 
of a very agreeable smell, found in the shops in 
great masses. Its colour is blackish-green; taste, 
warm and bitter. It is but little used now. For- 
merly, it was a component of warm plasters, and 
was prescribed internally as a stomachic. Lada- 
num is also obtained from Cistus ladanif'erus, 
and C. laurifo'lius. 
Cistus, Gum, Cistus Creticus - c. Salvifolius, 
C. Creticus-c. Tauricus, C. Creticus. 
CITERNE LOMBAIREfftecwpt.assxAxktxi chyli. 
CITHARUS, Thorax. 
CITRAGO, Melissa. 
CITRARIA, Melissa. 
CI-TRAS CHINICUS, Quiniaj citras. 
CITREA MALUS, see Citrus medica. 
CITREOLUS, Cucumis sativus. 
CITRIC ACID, Acidum cit'ricum, Acid of Le- 
mons, Ac"idum Limo'num, (F.) Acide citrique. 
This acid is found in the lemon, orange, Ac. It 
is in rhomboidal prisms, which slightly effloresce 
on exposure to the air. It dissolves in a twelfth 
part of its weight in boiling water, and has an 
extremely acid but agreeable taste. It is em- 
ployed in medicine as antiseptic, refrigerant and 
diuretic. Rubbed up with sugar and with a little 
of the essence of lemon, it forms the dry Lemon- 
ade, (F.) Limonade siehe. 
CITRINE OINTMENT, Unguentum hydrar- 
gyri nitratis. 
CITRON, see Citrus medica-c. Tree, see Ci- 
trus medica. 
CITRONELLE, Artemisia abrotanum, Me- 
209 
CITRUS 
CITRUL, SICILIAN, Cucurbita citrullus. 
CITRULLUS, Cucurbita citrullus. 
Citrullus Ama'rus. An African plant, Nat. 
Ord. Cucurbitaceae, called by the Boers Bitter- 
appel or Wild Watermelon, the pulp of which, 
like that of colocynth, is a drastic cathartic. 
Citrullus Colocynthis, Cucumis colocynthis. 
CITRUS, see Citrus medica - c. Acida, see 
Lime. 
Citrus Auran'tium. The systematic name of 
the Orange Tree, Auran'tium, A. llispalen'se, 
Malus Auran'tia Major, Mains Auran'tia, Auran'- 
tium vulga're, Malus Auran'tia vulga'ris, Ci'true 
vulga'ris. Nat. Ord. Aurantiaceae. Sex. Syst. 
Polyadelphia Icosandria. The fruit are called 
Mala Au'rea, Chrysome'lia, Neran'tia, Martia'na 
Poma, Poma Auran'tia, Auran'tia Curassav'ica, 
Poma Chinen'sia, Oranges. The Flowers of the 
Orange, Flores Naplite, are highly odoriferous, 
and used as a perfume. On distillation, they 
yield a small quantity of essential oil - O'leum 
Auran'tii, Oleum vel Essen'tia Nero'li, - with 
spirit and water, the Aqua Florum Auran'tii, 
Aqua aurantii, Orange-flower water. They were 
once used in convulsive and epileptic cases. The 
leaves, Fo'lia Auran'tii, have a bitterish taste, 
and furnish an essential oil. They have been 
used for the same purposes as the flowers. The 
yellow rind of the fruit, Cortex Auran'tii, Orange 
Peel, is an aromatic bitter, and is used in dys- 
pepsia, and where that class of remedies is re- 
quired. The Juice, Succus Auran'tii, Orange 
juice, is a grateful acid, and used as a beverage 
in febrile and scorbutic affections. 
Citrus Bergamia, Citrus mella rosa - c. Li- 
metta, see Citrus mella rosa. 
Citrus Med'ica, C. Limo'num. The systematic 
name of the Lemon Tree. The Lemon, Limo'num 
malum, Limo'num Bacca, Malus Med'ica, Malus 
Limo'nia Ac"ida, Limon, Cit'rea Malus, Citrus, 
(F.) Citron, Cedrat, has a fragrant odour, depend- 
ing upon the essential oil, O'leum Limo'nis, of 
the rind. The outer rind, Cortex Limo'num, 
Lemon Peel, Zest, Flave'do Corticum Citri, is used 
in the same cases as the Cortex Auran'tii. 
The juice, Succus Limo'nis, (F.) Sue du Limon, 
Sue de Citron, is sharp, but gratefully acid, the 
acidity depending upon the citric acid it con- 
tains, and is given as a refrigerant beverage 
in febrile affections. In doses of half an ounce 
to an ounce, three times a day, it has appeared 
to exert a markedly sedative influence on the 
circulation, and has been given, apparently with 
benefit, in acute rheumatism and rheumatic gout. 
Alone, or combined with wine, it is prescribed in 
scurvy, putrid sore throat, <fce. Its general pro- 
perties are refrigerant and antiseptic. Sweetened 
and diluted, it forms Lemonade. Artificial lemon- 
juice is made by dissolving an ounce of citric acid 
in fourteen fluidounces of water; adding a few 
drops of essence of lemon. 
Lemonpeel tea, or water, is made by paring the 
rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an 
ounce of sugar: the peelings and sugar are then 
put into a jar, and a quart of boiling water it 
poured over them. When eold, the fluid must be 
poured off, and a tablespoonful of lemon juice be 
added. 
It is an agreeable drink in fevers. 
Cit'ron Tree is likewise considered to belong 
to the same species - Cit'rus Med'ica. Its fruit 
is called cedrome'la. It is larger and less succu- 
lent than the lemon. Citron juice, when sweet- 
ened with sugar, is called by the Italians Aqro 
di Cedro. 
Citrus Mella Rosa of De Lamarck, another CITTA 
variety of Citrus Medica, affords the Bergnmote, 
as also do Citrus Limet'ta and 0. Berga'mia. 
Citrus Vulgaris, Citrus aurantium. 
CITTA, Malacia. 
CITTARA, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
springs are in the Isle of Ischia, near the sea.. 
They contain carbonate and sulphate of lime, and 
chloride of sodium. Their temperature is 100° 
Fahrenheit. 
CITTOS, Hedera helix. 
CITTOSIS, Chlorosis, Malacia. 
CIVETTA, Zib'ethum, Civ'et, (F.) Civette. An 
unctuous perfume, of a very penetrating odour, 
obtained from different mammalia of the Viver'ra 
kind, particularly from Viver'ra civet'ta. It is 
contained in a fold of the skin, situate between 
the anus and the organs of generation. 
CLABBER, Bonnyclabber. 
CLABBERGRASS, Galium verum. 
CLADES GLANDULARIA, Plague. 
CLADISCOS, Ramusculus. 
CLADONIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandicus. 
Clado'nia Rangifer'rina. The ancients re- 
garded this European plant as pectoral and sto- 
machic. It enters into the composition of the 
Poudre de Chypre. 
CLADOS, Ramus. 
CLADRAS'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Virgil'ia, Yel- 
low Ash, Fustic Tree, Yellow Locust. An indi- 
genous tree, which flourishes from Kentucky to 
Alabama. The bark of the tree and the roots 
are cathartic. 
CL Al RET, Claret. 
CLAIRVOYANCE (F.), 'Clear-seeing.' A 
clearness of sight, said to be communicated by 
animal magnetism, which not only enables the 
magnetized persons to see in the dark, through 
stone walls, <tc., but even to observe prospects, 
whilst he may fancy he is flying in the air, which 
he has never seen previously. It need hardly 
be said, that the possession of such powers is 
fabulous. 
CLAMMY WEED, Polanisea graveolens. 
CLAMOR, Cry. 
CLANGOR, Oxyphonia. 
CLAP, Gonorrhoea impura. 
CLAPIER (F.), A clapper, LatiVulum, from 
Khttrruv, 'to conceal? A purulent foyer of dis- 
ease ; concealed in the flesh or under the skin. 
See Sinus. 
CLAPWORT, Orobanche Americana. 
CLAQUEMENT, Odontosynerismus. 
CLAR'ET, ( Vi'n cZair [ ? ]), Clare'tum, Vin de 
Bordeaux, (F.) Clairet. A pleasant French wine, 
which may be used whenever wine is required. 
Also, a wine impregnated with spice and sugar, 
called likewise Vinum Hippocrat'icum seu Medi- 
ca'tum, Potus Hippocrat'icus, Hip'pocras, Hyp'- 
pocras. Schroder speaks of a Clare'tum al'terans, 
and a C. purgans. 
CLARETA, Albumen ovi. 
CLARETUM, Claret 
CLARIFICA'TION, Clarifica'tio, Depura'tion, 
from clarus, 'clear,'and facio, 'I make.' A phar- 
maceutical operation, which consists in separating 
from a liquid every insoluble substance, held in 
suspension by it, that affects its transparency. 
Decanting axid filtering are the operations neces- 
sary for this purpose. 
CLARY, COMMON, Salvia sclarea. 
CLASIS, Fracture. 
CLASMA, Fracture. 
CLASS, Clas'sis, (F.) Classe. An assemblage 
of a certain number of objects. In Natural His- 
tory and in Medicine, a group of objects or indi- 
viduals having one or more common characters. 
The ciasses are divided into orders, the orders 
210 
CLAVUS 
into genera, the genera into species, and these last 
into varieties. 
CL ASSIFIC A'TION, Classifica'tio, from chassis, 
'a class/ andfacio, 'I make.' The formation of 
classes. A methodical distribution of any objects 
whatever into classes, orders, genera, species, and 
varieties. See Nosographv, and Nosology. 
CLASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Classy 
is near Laon in Picardy, France. The waters 
are chalybeate. 
CLAUDICATIO, Claudication - c. Anatica, 
Vacillatio. 
CLAUDICA'TION, Claudica'tio, from claudi- 
care, ' to be lame.' The act of halting or limp- 
ing. Lameness, Clau'ditas, Cholo'sis, Cholei'a, 
Cholo'ma, (F.) Claudication, Boitement. This 
condition does not constitute any special disease, 
but is produced by different causes or affections. 
It may be the result of the shortening or elonga- 
tion of one of the lower limbs, of ankylosis of 
the joints, palsy of the muscles, pain, &c. 
CLAUDITAS, Claudication. 
CLAUSTRUM GUTTURIS, Isthmus of the 
fauces - c. Palati, Velum pendulum palati-c. 
Virginitatis, Hymen. 
CLAUSU'RA, from claudere, 'to shut.' An 
imperforation of any canal or cavity. 
Clausu'ra Uteri. Preternatural imperfora- 
tion of the uterus. 
CLAVA MYOSA, Acorus calamus. 
CLAVALIER 1 FEUILLES DE FRfiNE, 
Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
CLAVA'RIA CORALLOI'DES, Corallo'ides 
Fungus, Coralwort. Said to be corroborant and 
astringent. A kind of clavaria, called (F.) Digital 
hlanc, Digital humain, Champignon de I'appareil 
des fractures, formed of digitations, grouped to- 
gether, and two or three inches in length, is said 
to have been often found, formerly at the H6tcl 
Dieu of Paris, on the splints of white wood used in 
the treatment of fractures, in autumn.-H. Cloquet. 
CLAVATIO, Gomphosis. 
CL AVE AU, Murr. 
CL A VELEE, Murr. 
CLAVES CALVARI2R, Wormiana Ossa. 
CLAV'ICLE, Clavic'ula, Claris, Clavic'ulus, 
Lig'ula, Fur'cula, Os Jug'uli, Jug'ulum, Cleis, 
Clei'dion, from clavis, 'a key,' (F.) Clavicule. 
The collar-bone. The clavicle is shaped like the 
letter S, and is placed transversely at the upper 
part of the thorax. It is articulated, at one ex- 
tremity, with the sternum; at the other with the 
acromion process of the scapula. It gives attach- 
ment, above, to the Sterno-cleido mastoideus; be- 
low, to the Subclavius ; before, to the Pectoralis 
major and Deltoides; and behind, to the Trape- 
zius. It serves as a point of support for the 
muscles of the arm, and protects the vessels and 
nerves passing to that extremity. 
The fibres, connecting the lamellae or plates of 
bones, have also been called Clavic'uli or Nails. 
CLAVIC'ULAR, Clavicula 'ris; same etymon. 
Relating to the clavicle or collar-bone. 
Clavicular Nerves, Nervi clavicula'res. 
Branches of the fourth cervical nerve, which are 
distributed to the clavicular region. 
CLAVICULE, Clavicle. 
CLAVICULI, see Clavicle. 
CLAVIS, Clavicle, Key-c. Anglica, Key. 
CLAVUS. A nail. Ilelos, Gomphos, (F.) 
Clou. This word is employed in medicine in 
various senses. It means, 1. A Corn, from its 
resemblance to the head of a nail. 2. Certain 
condylomatous excrescences of the uterus. 3. A 
callous tumour, which forms on the white of the 
eye, and resembles a nail, the Clavus Oc'uli, (F.) 
Clou de I'oeil. This last, by some, is considered CLEANSINGS 
to be synonymous with staphyloma; by others, 
with staphyloma of the cornea. Also, the penis. 
Clavus Hyster'icus, Monopa'gia, Monope'- 
gia, (F.) Clou hyetirique. An acute pain, con- 
fined to a small point of the head, described by 
the sick as resembling that which would be pro- 
duced by a nail driven into the head. It has 
been particularly noticed in hysterical females;- 
hence its name. It is called Ovum hyster'icum, 
when the pain occupies a greater extent. 
Clavus Secalinus, Ergot-c. Secalis, Ergot- 
c. Siliginis, Ergot. 
CLEANSINGS, Lochia. 
CLEAR-SEEING, Clairvoyance. 
CLEARWEED, Pilea pumila. 
CLEAVAGE; from Anglo-Saxon cleofan, 'to 
split.' The natural line of separation exhibited 
by certain substances, as minerals, when sub- 
jected to mechanical force. The term has been 
applied to the separation of muscles into longitu- 
dinal and circular striae, when mechanical violence 
is used. 
CLEAVERS, Galium aparine. 
Cleavers' Bees, Galium aparine. 
CLEAVE WORT, Galium verum. 
CLEF DU CRANE, Wormianum os - c. de 
Garengeot, Key-c. <i Noix, see Key-c. <i Pivot, 
see Key-c. <i Pompe, see Key. 
CLEFT, Rima, see Mjmster- c. Palate, see 
Harelip. 
CLEIDAGRA, Cleisagra. 
CLEIDION, Clavicle. 
CLEIDO-COSTAL, Costo-clavicular. 
CLEI'DO-MASTOI'DEUS. Albinus thus de- 
signates the posterior portion of the sterno-cleido- 
mastoideus, which he considers a separate muscle. 
It has been corrupted into clino-mastoideus. 
CLEIS, Clavicle, Key. 
CLEIS'AGRA, Cleid'agra, from rXttf, 'the 
clavicle,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in the 
clavicle.-A. Pare. 
CLEMATIS DAPHNOIDES MAJOR, Vinca 
minor-c. Corymbosa, C. erecta. 
Clem'atis Erect'a, C. recta seu flam'mula 
seu corymbo'sa, Clemati'tis erec'ta, Flam'mula 
Jovis, Upright Virgin's Bower, (F.) Clematite 
droite. Family, Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Po- 
lyandria Polygynia. The leaves contain an acrid 
principle. They have been esteemed anti-vene- 
real ; and, in the form of powder, have been used 
as an escharotic. 
Clematis Flammula, C. erecta-c. Recta, C. 
erecta-c. Sepium, c. Vitalba. 
Clematis Vital'ba, C. se'pium seu syIves'trie, 
Vital'ba, Vior'na, Atra'gene, Trav'eller's Joy, 
Common Virgin's Bower, (F.) Cltmatite, Herbe 
aux gueux, Aubevigne. It has been used in the 
same cases as the former. In infusion it has 
been applied in cases of itch. 
The leaves of Clematis Crispa-c. Flammula, 
sweet-scented Virgin's bower-c. Virgin'ica, 
common Virgin's bower - and c. VlORNA, Lea- 
ther-flower, have similar properties. 
CLEMATITE, Clematis vitalba - c. Droite, 
Clematis recta. 
Clematitis Erecta, Clematis erecta. 
CLEO'NIS COLLYR'IUM. A collyrium de- 
scribed by Celsus, composed of equal parts of 
Samian earth, myrrh, and thus, mixed with white 
of egg. 
Cleonis Gluten. An astringent formula of 
myrrh, frankincense, and white of egg. 
CLEP'SYDRA, from eXeirrw, 'I conceal,' and 
*viwp, ' water.' An instrument contrived by Pa- 
racelsus to convey fumigation to the uterus. 
CLEPTOMANIA, Kleptomania. 
CLEVES, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
211 
CLIMATE 
spring is a quarter of a league from Cleves, in 
Westphalia. It contains carbonate and sulphate 
of iron. 
CLIFFORT'IA ILICIFO'LIA. Nat. Ord. 
Rosaceae. A common South African plant, used 
by the Boers as an emollient expectorant in ca- 
tarrh. 
CLIFTON, CLIMATE OF. The vicinity of 
Clifton and of Bristol, England, appears to be 
the mildest and driest climate in the west of 
England; and, consequently, the best winter re- 
sidence, in that part of the country, for invalids. 
It is, also, a favourable summer climate, and is 
surrounded by numerous places of agreeable re- 
sort, suited for those who may pass the season 
there. 
For the mineral waters of Clifton, see Bristol 
Hot Well. 
CLIGNEMENT, Nictation, Seardamygmus. 
CLIGNOTEMENT, Nictation. 
CLIMA, Climate. 
CLIMAC'TERIC, Olimacter'icut, Climater'i- 
cus, from KXiiiaKrrjp, 'a step.' (F.) Climact&rique 
ou Climaterique. A word, which properly signi- 
fies 'by degrees.' It has been applied to certain 
times of life, regarded to be critical. 
At present, the word Climacteric is chiefly ap- 
plied to certain periods of life, at which great 
changes occur, independently of any numerical 
estimate of years. Such are the period of pu- 
berty in both sexes : that of the cessation of the 
menses in women, Ac. 
Climacteric Years, Anni Climacter'ici, are, 
according to some, all those in the life of man, 
which are multiples of the number 7, Septen'ni- 
ads. Others have applied the term to years, re- 
sulting from the multiplication of 7 by an odd 
number. Some have admitted only three cZZ- 
mact erics ; others, again, have extended them to 
multiples of 9. Most, however, have considered 
the 63d year as the Grand Climacteric; - 63 
being the product of the multiplication of 7 by 
9, and all have thought that the period of three, 
seven, or nine, which they respectively adopted, 
was necessary to the entire renewal of the body; 
so that there was, at these times, in the economy, 
none of the parts of which it had previously con- 
sisted. The climacteric years have also been 
culled, (Anni) hebdomad'ici, scala'res, grada'rii, 
scan'siles, genethliaci, natalit"ii, fata'let, crit'ici, 
decreto'rii, hero'ici, Ac. All the notions on the 
subject are essentially allied to the doctrine of 
numbers of Pythagoras. 
CLIMATE, Clima, Inclina'tio cceli, (F.) Cli- 
mat, Gr. 'a region.' In geography, the 
word climate is applied to a space on the terres- 
trial globe, comprised between two circles paral- 
lel to the equator, and arbitrarily measured ac- 
cording to the length of the days. In a hygienic 
point of view, we understand by climate, since 
Hippocrates, a country or region, which may 
differ from another in respect to season, qualities 
of the soil, heat of atmosphere, Ac. Climate, in- 
deed, embraces, in a general manner, all the 
physical circumstances belonging to each region, 
- circumstances which exert considerable influ- 
ence on living beings. The dark complexion 
of the inhabitants of the torrid zone is easily 
distinguishable from the paleness of those of 
the frigid, - so are the diseases. They are all 
modified, more or less, by climate or locality. 
Hot climates predispose to abdominal complica- 
tions in febrile affections; cold climates to tho- 
racic, Ac. 
One of the most important considerations with 
regard to climates is their comparative fitness for 
the residence of invalids, and especially of those CLIMATE 
who are liable to, or suffering under catarrhal or 
consumptive affections. The great object, in 
such cases, is to select a climate which will ad- 
mit of regular and daily exercise in the open air, 
so that the invalid may derive every advantage 
which this form of revulsion is capable of effect- 
ing. To an inhabitant of the northern and mid- 
dle portions of the United States-and the same 
applies to Great Britain, France, and the north- 
ern parts of the old world-a more southern cli- 
mate alone affords these advantages in an emi- 
nent degree. During the summer months, there 
are few, if any, diseases, which require a milder 
climate than that of the United States, or of the 
milder districts of Europe. The temperature of 
the winter months is, consequently, the most im- 
portant object of attention. Equability of tem- 
perature is essential, inasmuch as all sudden 
changes interfere with the great desideratum - 
exercise in the open air. In the whole continent 
of North America the changes are very sudden 
and extensive. It is Hot uncommon for the range 
to be 40°, between two successive days. So far, 
therefore, as this applies, the American climate 
is not well adapted to the invalid. In the 
southern portions, however, of the Union, this 
CLIMATE 
objection is counterbalanced by many advan- 
tages. 
The following tables exhibit the mean tempe- 
rature of the year, and of the different seasons- 
with the mean temperature of the warmest and 
coldest months at different places in America, 
Europe, Africa, &e., as deduced from the excel- 
lent paper of Von Humboldt on Isothermal Lines, 
the Meteorological Registefs kept by the surgeons 
of the United States army, the work of Sir James 
Clark on Climate, <fcc. 
Certain of the tables show the mean monthly 
temperature, maximum, minimum and range, as 
well as the greatest daily, and mean daily range 
during the corresponding months - but of diffe- 
rent years-at some of the prominent retreats for 
the valetudinarian in Great Britain, on the con- 
tinent of Europe, and in the African islands. It 
is proper, however, to remark, that in no situa- 
tions, except in those to which an asterisk is 
affixed, was the register thermometer used. In 
the others, the observations were made during 
the day only, and consequently the numbers 
given are far below the real range throughout 
the twenty four hours. The places are ranged in 
the order of their mean temperature. 
212 
Places. 
December. 
January. 
February. 
March. 
April. 
Max. 
Min. 
Range 
Max. 
Min. 
Range 
Max. 
Min. 
Range 
Max. 
Min. 
Range 
Max. 
Min. 
Sidmouth* 
54 
25 
29 
47 
21 
26 
52 
27 
25 
56 
26 
30 
60 
31 
29 
Penzance* 
56 
34 
22 
54 
28 
26 
55 
33 
22 
59 
34 
25 
62 
36 
26 
Pau 
56 
25 
31 
56 
21 
35 
60 
35 
25 
65 
35 
30 
71 
43 
28 
Montpellier 
57 
32 
25 
53 
27 
26 
55 
30 
25 
58 
35 
23 
64 
41 
23 
Nice 
59 
40 
19 
58 
27 
31 
58 
37 
21 
65 
41 
24 
69 
46 
23 
Rome 
60 
31 
29 
58 
29 
29 
60 
33 
27 
65 
37 
28 
74 
44 
30 
Naples 
61 
34 
27 
58 
29 
29 
60 
31 
29 
69 
38 
31 
78 
43 
35 
Madeira 
68 
52 
16 
69 
50 
19 
68 
51 
17 
69 
51 
18 
72 
55 
17 
Table of Maximum, Minimum, and Range of Temperature. 
Places. 
December. 
January. 
February. 
March. 
April. 
Sidmouth 
43 . 00 
36 . 30 
42.00 
45.00 
51 . 00 
Penzance 
46.50 
43.00 
44.50 
46.50 
48 . 50 
Pau 
41 53 
38 . 89 
44.96 
46.80 
55 . 79 
Montpellier 
46 00 
42.00 
45.00 
47.00 
53 . 00 
Nice • ••••.. 
48 60 
45 85 
49.00 
51.45 
57 . 00 
Rome •. 
49 62 
47 65 
49.45 
52 . 05 
56 . 40 
Naples 
.50 .50 
46 50 
48.50 
52 . 00 
57 . 00 
Madeira 
60 . 50 
59 50 
58 . 50 
61 . 06 
62.50 
Table of Mean Temperature. 
Table of Daily Range of Temperature. 
Places. 
December. 
January. 
February. 
March. 
April. 
3$ 
2 
Greatest daily 
range. 
•O 
S3 
4> *. 
2 
Greatest daily 
range. 
Ji 
C H 
4> fc. 
2 
Greatest daily 
range. 
ii 
S2 
s 
Greatest daily 
range. 
■S g 
2 2 
2 
f » 
to M 
0 
Sidmouth 
13 
13 
12 
12 
13 
Penzance 
3 
4 
6 
8 
9 
Pau 
7 
13 
7 
16 
9 
16 
9 
17 
8 
18 
Montpellier 
9 
8 
9 
14 
14 
Nice 
6 
14 
8 
16 
9 
18 
9 
17 
11 
18 
Romft 
9 
15 
11 
16 
10 
18 
12 
19 
13 
20 
Naples 
9 
13 
9 
14 
11 
19 
13 
11 
18 
14 
20 
Ma Heim* 
11 
14 
11 
17 
9 
10 
14 
9 
13 CLIMATE 
1. AMERICA, Ac. 
213 
CLIMATE 
Places. 
Latitude. 
Mean tem- 
perature of 
several 
years. 
Mean temperature of different seasons. 
Mean temperature of 
Winter. 
Spring. 
Summer. 
Autumn. 
Warmest 
month. 
Coldest 
month. 
Nilin 
57°,08' 
26°.42' 
0°.60 
23°.60 
48°.38 
33°.44 
51°.80 
11°.20 
Fort Brady, Mich.... 
46 .39 
41 .37 
14 .09 
37 .89 
61 .83 
43 .94 
62 .87 
12 .65 
Quebec. Tj. C........ 
46. 47 
41 .74 
14 .18 
38 .04 
68 .00 
46 .04 
73 .40 
13 .81 
Esistport, Mo........ 
44 .54 
42 .44 
23 .44 
38 .58 
60 .54 
45 .43 
63 .52 
20 .91 
Fort Howard, Mich.. 
44 .40 
44 .50 
20 .82 
41 .40 
68 .70 
45 .18 
73 .67 
17 .95 
Fort Crawford, Miss.. 
43 .03 
45 .52 
23 .76 
43 .09 
69 .78 
46 .74 
71 .34 
20 .14 
Cambridge, Mass 
42 .21 
50 .36 
33 .98 
47 .66 
70 .70 
49 .82 
72 .86 
29 .84 
Council Bluffs, Miss.. 
41 .25 
50 .82 
27 .38 
46 .38 
72 .84 
48 .60 
75 .92 
27 .19 
Newport, R. I 
41 .30 
51 .02 
33 .82 
46 .87 
68 .70 
53 .83 
71 .46 
32 .14 
Philadelphia. 
39 56 
53 .42 
32 .18 
51 .44 
73 .94 
56 .48 
77 .00 
32 .72 
New Ynrk 
40 40 
53 78 
29 .84 
51 .26 
79 .16 
54 .50 
80 .78 
25 .34 
Cincinnati •••••••••. 
39 .06 
53 .78 
32 .90 
54 .14 
72 .86 
54 .86 
74 .30 
30 .20 
Monticello, Vn 
37 58 
55 .40 
37 .67 
54 .67 
73 .33 
56 .50 
75 .00 
36 .00 
Washington, D. C.... 
38 .53 
55 .56* 
36 .80 
53 .83 
75 .90 
56 .59 
79 .13 
34 .66 
Smithville, N. C. . • •. 
34 .00 
58 .88 
53 .44 
64 .76 
80 .46 
68 .15 
82 .93 
50 .69 
Charleston, S. C 
32 .47 
60 .18 
51 .09 
66 .73 
80 .89 
67 .55 
82 .81 
49 .43 
Natchez, Miss 
31 .34 
64 .76 
48 .56 
65 .48 
79 .16 
66 .02 
79 .70 
46 .94 
Pensacola, Flor 
30 .28 
68 .77+ 
55 .13 
69 .67 
82 .57 
69 .05 
83 .55 
53 .80 
St. Augustine, do.... 
29 .48 
72 .23 
59 .29 
71 .47 
82 .73 
75 .15 
83 .94 
56 .60 
Tampa Bay, do.. •. 
27 .57 
72 .37 
61 .24 
72 .93 
80 .14 
75 .28 
80 .72 
58 .70 
Vera Cruz 
19 .11 
77 .72 
71 .96 
77 .90 
81 .50 
78 .62 
81 .86 
71 .06 
Havana 
23 .10 
78 .08 
71 .24 
78 .98 
83 .30 
78 .98 
83 .84 
69 .98 
26 .40 
Bahamas 
78 .3* 
71. 
77. 
83. 
80. 
90. 
64. 
27 .5 
Barba does 
13 .10 
79 .3 
76 .7 
19. 
81. 
80. 
Cumana 
10 .27 
81 .86 
80 .24 
83 .66 
82 .04 
80 .24 
84 .38 
79 .16 
St. Louis, Missouri. Lat. 38° 46' 
Mean temp. 55° .86. 
New Harmony Lat 
38° 11'. Mean temp. 56° .74. 
New Orleans, Lat. 30°. 
Mean temp. 69° .01. Baton Rouge, Lat. 30° .26'. 
Mean temp. 68° .07. 
Jamaica, coast, Mean temp. 80° .6. 
2. EUROPE, AFRICA, Ac. 
Places. 
Latitude. 
Mean tem- 
perature of 
several 
years. 
Mean temperature of different seasons. 
Mean temperature of 
Winter. 
Spring. 
Summer. 
Autumn. 
Warmest 
month. 
Coldest 
month. 
Geneva 
48°.12' 
49°.28' 
34°.70 
47°.66 
64°.94 
50°.00 
66°.56 
34°.16 
Gosport 
48 .1 
50 .24* 
40 .44 
47 .63 
62 .00 
50 .88 
Newport, Isle of Wight 
50 .40 
51 .00 
40 .31 
49 .00 
63 .09 
51 .63 
Sidmouth 
52 .10 
40 .43 
50 .66 
63 .83 
53 .50 
Penzance•• • 
52 .11 
51 .80 
44 .03 
49 .63 
60 .70 
53 .36 
Undercliff • . • 
51 .11 
42 .14 
29 .26 
60 .28 
52 .76 
Hastings • 
50 .52 
57 .00 
40 .11 
45 .77 
60 .45 
51 .00 
Bute 
55 .42 
48 .25 
39 .62 
46 .66 
58 .02 
48 .59 
Cove of Cork • • 
51 .54 
51 .58 
43 .90 
49 .43 
61 .26 
51 .73 
Jersey 
49 .13 
53 .06 
43 .82 
50 .97 
62 .84 
54 .63 
48 50 
51 08 
38 .66 
49 28 
64 .58 
51 .44 
65 .30 
36 .14 
Pau. 
43 7 
54 95 
41 .79 
54 .96 
67 .41 
55 .64 
Sienna • • 
43 .24 
55 .60 
40 .50 
54 .10 
70 .80 
57 .10 
Nantes 
47 13 
55 62+ 
42 .23 
53 .10 
70 .73 
56 .41 
70 .52 
39 02 
Bordeaux 
44 .50 
56 .48 
42 .08 
56 .46 
70 .88 
56 .30 
73 .04 
41 .00 
Montpellier 
43 .36 
57 .60 
44 .20 
53 .33 
71 .30 
61 .30 
Avignon 
58 .20 
42 .60 
57 .13 
74 .66 
59 .00 
Florence 
43 .46 
59 .00 
44 .30 
56 .00 
74 .00 
60 .70 
Nice 
43 .42 
59 .48 
47 .82 
56 .23 
72 .26 
61 .63 
Marseilles 
43 17 
59 .50{ 
45 .50 
57 .56 
72 .50 
60 .08 
Toulon 
43 07 
59 .90 
43 .30 
53 .70 
74 .30 
59 .00 
Leghorn ............ 
43 33 
60 .00$ 
46 .30 
57 .60 
74 .10 
62 00 
Gen on, 
44 25 
60 37 
44 .57 
58 .60 
74 .03 
62 94 
Pisa ••••••• 
43 43 
60 60 
46 .03 
57 .20 
75 .15 
62 80 
Rome 
41 53 
60 40 
45 86 
57 74 
75 .20 
62 78 
77 .00 
42 .26 
Naples 
40 54 
61 40 
48 50 
58 50 
70 .83 
64 50 
St. Michaels, Azores.. 
37 .47 
62 .40 
57 .83 
61 .17 
68 .33 
62 .33 
Cadiz 
3fi 32 
62 88 
52 90 
59 .5.3 
70 43 
65 .35 
Madeira, Funchal.... 
32 .37 
64 .56 
59 .50 
62 .20 
69 .33 
67 .23 
Algiers 
36 .48 
69 .98 
61 .52 
65 .66 
80 .24 
72 .50 
82 .76 
60 .08 
Canaries, Santa Cruz. 
28 .28 
70 .94 
64 .65 
68 .87 
76 .68 
74 .17 
Cairo 
30 .02 
72 .32 
58 .46 
73 .58 
85 .10 
71 .42 
85 .82 
56 .12 
London, Lat. 51° .30'. 
Mean temp. 50° .36. 
Environs of London. Mean temp. 
48° .81. 
Perpiffnan, Mean teinp. 59° .54. 
Lyons, Mean temp. 55° 
.76. 
Nisines. Mean temp. 60° .26. CLIMATERIC 
Tn the United States, the most favourable re- 
gion for the phthisical invalid is that of Florida, 
-especially of Pensacola. St. Augustine is fre- 
quently chosen, but it is liable to north-east 
storms, which interfere with the out-door move- 
ments of the valetudinarian, and are the source 
of much discomfort. Still, great benefit has often 
been derived from it as a winter retreat. Of the 
Atlantic Isles, Madeira appears to be best adapted 
for the consumptive, and those affected with 
chronic bronchitis. In Italy, Rome, and Pisa,- 
and in England, Torquay and Undercliff, are to 
be preferred. Chronic rheumatism and gout are 
benefited by a warm climate, which, again, is un- 
favourable to those who are predisposed to cere- 
bral diseases, especially to such as are charac- 
terized by debility and mobility of the nervous 
system-as paralysis, epilepsy, mania, Ac. Hypo- 
chondriasis and dyspepsia require rather change 
of climate and travelling exercise than a sojourn 
in any one. (See the Author's Human Health, 
Philad. 1844.) 
For the mortality of different countries and 
cities, see Mortality. 
CLIMATERIC, Climacteric. 
CLIMATIC, Climat'icus. Belonging to, or 
dependent upon climate. 
Climatic Diseases, Jlorbi climat'ici, are such 
as are caused by climate. 
CLIMBER, WOODY, Ampelopsis quinque- 
folia. 
CLINE, kXivt), 'a bed.' Hence: 
CLINIATER, Clinical physician. 
CLINIATRIA, Clinical medicine. 
CLINIATRUS, Clinical physician. 
CLINIC, see Clinique. 
CLINICA, Clinical medicine. 
CLIN'ICAL, Clin'icus, (F.) Clinique, from 
kXivt), 'a bed.' Relating to a bed. 
Clinical Lecture, (F.) Leqon Clinique. One 
given at the bed-side, or on a particular case or 
cases. 
Clinical Med'icine, Cliniatri'a, Clin'ica, Clin'- 
ice, (F.) Medecine clinique. That which is occu- 
pied with the investigation of diseases at the 
bed-side, or individually. 
Clinical Physician, Clinia'ter, Clinia'trus. 
One who teaches clinical medicine. 
CLINICE, Clinical medicine. 
CLINICUM, Clinique. 
CLINIQUE(F.), Clinical. Clinique,Clin'icum, 
is also used substantively, for ticole Clinique or 
Clinical School: a school in which medicine is 
taught by examining diseases on the patients 
themselves. Thus, the French say,-La Cltmgue 
de la Charitfi : " The Clinical School of the Hos- 
pital La Charite." The term has been intro- 
duced into this country, and anglicised Clinic. 
CLINODES, Clinoid. 
CLINOID, Clino'i'des, Olino'des, ClinoVdeus, 
from jcMwi, 'a bed,' and uios, 'form.' Resem- 
bling a bed. 
Clinoid Proc"esses, (F.) Apophyses clinoides, 
are four processes at the upper surface of the 
sphenoid bone, which have been compared to the 
posts of a bed. On them the pituitary gland 
rests. They are divided into anterior and poste- 
rior. Each of the anterior terminates in a point 
called Transverse Spinous Process. 
CLINOIDEUS, Clinoid. 
CLINOPODIA, Thymus mastichina. 
CLINOPODIUM ARVENSE, C. vulgare - 
c. Majus, C. vulgare. 
Clinopo'dium Vulga'rE, from kXivti, 'a bed,' 
and irons, ' foot,' so called from the shape of its 
flowers, Clinopodium arven'se seu majus, Oc"y- 
mun sylvestre, Thymus sylvat'icus, Wild Basil, 
(F.) Grand Basilic sauvaye. A European plant, 
214 
CLONUS 
which was formerly considered to be an antidote 
to the bites of venomous animals, to facilitate 
labour, relieve strangury, stop diarrhoea, <tc. 
CL IQ UE TIS, Crepitation. 
CLISEOM'ETER, Clisiom'eter, from rXiats, 
'inclination,' and /zerpov, 'a measure.' An in- 
strument, intended to measure the degree of in- 
clination of the pelvis and to determine the rela- 
tion between the axis of the pelvis and that of 
the body.-Osiander, Stein. 
CLITBUR, Arctium lappa. 
CLITORICARCINO'MA, from KX£<ro/>(f, ' cli- 
toris,' and KapKiv<i>/ia, ' cancer.' Cancer of the 
clitoris. 
CLITORIDES INFERIORES LATI ET 
PLANT MUSCULI, Constrictores cunni. 
CLIT'ORIS, from xXi/rwp, 'a servant who in- 
vites guests.' (?) Dulce'do Amor'is, Fenw», Myr- 
ton, Murton, Murtum, CEstrwn, Penis mulie'bris 
seu foemineus, Men'tula mulie'bris, Membrum 
mulie'bre, Superla'bia, Cerco'sis, Hypoder'mis, 
Nympba, Nymphe, Epider'rhis, Libi'dinis Sedes, 
Tunie'ula, Crista. A small, round organ, situate 
at the upper part of the vulva, and separated by 
a small space from the anterior commissure of 
the labia. Its base is surrounded by a slight fold, 
similar to the prepuce; and it is, internally, of 
the same structure as the corpora cavernosa penis. 
The artery of the clitoris, (F.) A. Clitorienne, is 
a branch of the internal pudic. The vein com- 
municates with the internal pudic, and the nerve 
with the pudic. 
CLIT'ORISM, Clitoris'mus. A word, invented 
to express the abuse made of the clitoris. Also, 
an unusually large clitoris, Cerco'sis extern'a seu 
Clitor'idis, Cauda'tio. 
CLITORI'TIS, Clitoriti'tis, from KXeiropis, 
'clitoris,' and itis, 'denoting inflammation.' In- 
flammation of the clitoris. 
CLITORITITIS, Clitoritis. 
CLITORIUM, Vulva. 
CLOA'CA, (F.) Cloaque, from 'I wash.' 
The pouch at the extremity of the intestinal ca- 
nal, in which the solid and liquid excretions are 
commingled in birds, fish and reptiles. In the 
male, it gives exit to the excrements, sperm and 
urine: in the female, to the eggs, faecal matters, 
and urine. 
CLOANX, Orpiment. 
CLOAQUE, Cloaca. 
CLOCHE, (F.) A popular expression in 
France for a blister or other vesicle. 
CL 01 SON, Septum - c. des Fosses nasales, 
Septum narium - c. Transparente, Septum lu- 
cidum. 
CLONIC, Clon'icus, from xXovoj, 'agitation,' 
'motion.' (F.) Clonique. Irregular convulsive 
motions. Convulsion with alternate relaxation ; 
in contradistinction to tonic, which signifies a 
constant rigidity;-Clonus, Cion'id partin'les. 
Clonic Spasm, see Spasm. 
CLONICI UNIVERSALES, Synclonus. 
CLONIQUE, Clonic. 
CLONIS, Sacrum. 
CLONISM, Clonis'mus ; same etymon. Clonic 
spasm.-Baumes. 
CLONO'DES, from xXovoj, 'agitation,* and 
ciios, 'resemblance.' Convulsive. Galen applies 
this term to the pulse, when convulsive, as it 
were, and unequal. He compares the sensation 
it communicates to the finger to that produced 
by a bundle of sticks or rods in vibration. 
CLONOS EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy -c. Hydro- 
phobia, Hydrophobia. 
CLONUS, Synclonus-c. Nictitatio, Nictation 
-c. Palpitatio, Palpitation-c. Pandiculatio, Pan- 
diculation-c. Pandiculatio maxillarum, Yawning CLOPEMANIA 
-c. Singultus, Singultus-c. Sternutatio, Sneez- 
ing- e. Subsultus, Subsultus tendinum. 
CLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. 
CLOPORTES ORDINAIRES, Onisci aselli. 
CLOSE-STOOL, Lasanum. 
CLOT, Coagulum - c. of Blood, see Blood. 
CLOTBUR, Xanthium. 
CLOTHING, Vestitus. ; 
CLOTTY, Grumo'sus, (F.) Grumeleux. Com- 
posed of clots. 
CL 0 U, Clavus, Furunculus - c. Hysterique, 
Clavus hystericus - c. de I'(Eil, Clavus oeuli. 
CLOUDBERRIES, Rubus chamaemorus. 
CLOUDBERRY TREE, Rubus chameemo- 
rus. 
CLOVE, see Eugenia caryophyllata-c. Bark, 
see Myrtus caryophyllata - c. Pink, Dianthus 
caryophyllus- c. July flower, Dianthus caryo- 
phyllus. 
CLUBFEET, Kyllosis. 
CLUBMOSS, Lycopodium - c. Common, Ly- 
copodium complanatuin - c. Fir, Lycopodium 
selago - c. Upright, Lycopodium selago. 
CLUNES, Nates. 
CLUNE'SIA, from Clunes, 'the nates.' Proc- 
tal'gia, Proeti'tis. An inflammation of the but- 
tocks.-Vogel. 
CLUNIS, Sacrum.' 
CLUPEA TH RYS SA. The Yellow-billed 
Sprat; a very poisonous fish of the West Indies. 
CLUTIA ELUTERIA, Croton coscarilla. 
CLYDON, Flatulence. 
CLYPEALIS (Cartilago.) Thyroid cartilage. 
CLYSANTLIUM, Syringe, Clyster. 
CLYSIS, Clysmus. Same etymon as clyster. 
The application of a clyster. Washing out by 
means of a clyster. 
CLYSMA, Clysis, Clyster, Enema - c. Toni- 
cum, Enema foetidum. 
CLYSMA'TION, same etymon as clyster. A 
diminutive of clysma. A small clyster. 
CLYSMUS, Clysis, Enema. 
CLYSOIRE, (F.) An apparatus for adminis- 
tering enemata, consisting of along funnel-shaped 
tube of elastic gum, furnished with a pipe at the 
apex. 
CLYSOPOMPE, Syringe, Clyster. 
CLYSTER, Clyste'rium, Clysma, Enclys'ma, 
Clysmus, En'ema, Lavamen'tum, from 'to 
wash.' (F.) Clystire, Lavement, Remede. A li- 
quid, thrown into the large intestines by means 
of a syringe, or bladder and pipe properly pre- 
pared, <tc.; the nozzle of the syringe or pipe 
being introduced into the anus. See Enema. 
Clyster, Anodyne, Enema anodynum - c. 
Common, Enema commune-c. Domestic, Enema 
commune - c. Fetid, Enema foetidum - c. Pipe, 
Elasma - c. Purging, Enema catharticum - c. 
Stareh and opium, Enema anodynum-c. Tobac- 
co, Enema tabaci - c. Turpentine, Enema tere- 
binthinae-<c. Uterinus, Sparallium. 
CLYSTERE, Enema. 
CNEME, Leg, Tibia. 
CNEMODACTYLJEUS, Extensor communis 
digitorum pedis. 
CNEMOLORDO'SIS, from 'the leg,' 
and Xop<5w<ric, ' the state of being bent forward.' 
Bending of the leg forward. 
CNEMOSCOLIO'SIS, from kvi/iti, 'leg,' and 
uKoXiuacs, ' bending,' especially sideways. Bend- 
ing of the leg sideways. The state of being bow- 
legged. or bandy-legged. 
CNEORON, Daphne gnidium. 
CNEORUM TRICOC'CUM, Almere'rion, Ac- 
nes'tos, Chamale'a, Widow-wail, Spurge-Olive, 
iF.) Camelee. This plant, a native of Southern 
lurope, contains a very irritating, acrid prin- 
ciple. The ancients employed its leaves as a 
215 
COALITION 
powerful purgative. It is now sometimes used 
for deterging ulcers. 
CNESIS, Cnesmos, Cnismos. A painful itching. 
- Galen. 
CNESMA, Itching. 
CNESMOS, Cnesis, Itching, Prurigo. 
CNICELAl'UM, from kvikos, 'carthamus,' and 
cXaiov, 'oil.' Oil of carthamus.-Dioscorides. 
CNICUS, Carthamus tinctorius-c. Sylvestris, 
Centaurea benedicta. 
CNIDELjE'ON, Cnidela'um, from kviScis, 
'cnidia,' and tXaiov, 'oil.' Oil made from the 
grana cnidia or mezereon berries.-Dioscorides. 
CNID'IA GRANA, Cnidii Cocci, Coccognid'ia, 
aEto'lion, Coccum. The berries of the Daphne 
gnidium.-Foesius. 
CNIDIUM SILAUS, Peucedanum silaus - c. 
Tenuifolium, Sison ammi. 
CNIDO'SIS. A pungent itching, compared to 
that produced by the Urtica wens or Settle. 
(Kviir/.)-Hippoc. Urticaria; urticatio. 
CNIP'OTES, Prwri'tus. Itching. The dry 
ophthalmia, Xerophthal'mia. 
CNISMOREGMIA, Pyrosis. 
CNISMOS, Cnesmos. 
CNISSA, see Nidorous. 
CNISSOREG'MIA, from Kviaaa, 'the smell of 
burnt fat,' and optyw, ' I put forthRuctus nido- 
ro'sus. A nidorous eructation, as of rotten 
eggs. 
CNYMA, Ki/vga. A slight itching. Also, a 
puncture or vellication.-Galen. 
COACUM, Phytolacca decandra. 
COAGMENTATIO, "Gomphosis. 
COAGULABLE LYMPH, Fibrin, Liquor san- 
guinis. 
COAG'ULANTS, Coagulan'tia, from coagu- 
lare,-itself from co and agere, 'to act together.' 
Remedies, or poisons, supposed to possess the 
power of coagulating the blood, or to give con- 
sistency to animal fluids. The word and the ab- 
surd notions connected with it are equally aban- 
doned. 
COAGULA'TION, Coagula'tio, Thrombo' sis. 
The conversion of a liquid into a more or less 
soft and tremulous mass. Many animal and 
vegetable fluids are capable of coagulation. 
COAG'ULUM, Grumus, (F.) Caillot, Grumeau, 
('a small clot.') A soft mass formed in a coagu- 
lable liquid. The Clot of the Wood is particu- 
larly so called - the Cruor, Insula, Placen'ta, 
Hepar San' guinis, Crassamen'tum, Sanguis con- 
cre'tus ;-the red mass, composed of fibrin, serum, 
and colouring matter, which separates when the 
blood is left to itself. See Blood. The word is 
also applied, in pathology, to the sanguineous 
concretions, which form in different natural and 
accidental cavities; and which, when they occur 
at the mouth of a divided artery, sometimes sus- 
pend the flow of blood. This is, indeed, one of 
the means by which hemorrhage is arrested. 
Coag'ulum Alu'minis, Coag'ulum Alumino'- 
sum, Cataplas'ma alu'minis, Alum curd or cata- 
plasm. This is made by beating the white of 
egg with a little alum, until acoagulum is formed. 
It is applied in cases of ophthalmia, where an 
astringent is necessary. 
COALES'CENCE, Coalescen'tia, Coalit"io 
par'tium, from coalescere, ' to run together,' (from 
cum, 'with,' and alere, 'to nourish,) Sym'physis, 
Pros'physis. The adhesion or union of parts 
previously separated, as in case of wounds and 
preternatural adhesions or malformations. See 
Monster. 
COALITIO PARTIUM, Coalescence. 
COALIT"ION, Coalit"io. The same etymon 
as coalescence. It has been used in the same 
cases; as well as to express the action of several COALITUS 
parts of the frame, which have the same nu- 
trition. 
COALITUS, Symphysis. 
COALTER'NJE FEBRES. A name given to 
two intermittents, which attack a person at the 
same time, but whose paroxysms are distinct: so 
that the attack of one supervenes when the other 
has ceased. The term Double Intermittent ex- 
presses the same meaning. 
COAPTA'TION, Coapta'tio, from cum, ' with,' 
and aptare, • to adjust,' ' adapt;' Parago'ge. The 
act of adapting the two extremities of a fractured 
bone to each other; or of restoring a luxated 
bone to its place. Coaptation must be effected 
gently. Usually, extension and counter-exten- 
sion are, in the first place, necessary. 
COARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis, Synarthrosis. 
COARCTATIO, Arctatio, Coarctation, Stric- 
ture- c. Ventriculi, Stricture of the Stomach. 
COARCTA'TION, Coarcta'tio, from coarctare, 
' to straiten.' Stricture. Avicenna speaks of 
Coarctation of the Pulse. 
COAT, BUFFY, Corium phlogisticum. 
COBALT, PROTOXIDE OF, Smalt. 
COBHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cob- 
ham is seven miles from Kingston, in Surrey, 
England. The waters are weak saline purgatives. 
COBRA DI CAPELLO, Crotalus horridus. 
COBWEB, Araneae tela. 
COCASH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
COCCA'RIUM. A very small pill. 
COCCHIA, Cochia. 
COCCI GRANUM, Kermes-c. Orientales, see 
Menispermum cocculus. 
COCCIGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER, Sphinc- 
ter ani externus. 
COCCINELLA, Coccus cacti. 
Coccinel'la Septempuncta'ta, Lady-bird, 
Lady-cow, Lady-bug. This insect, bruised upon 
an aching tooth, has long been regarded as anti- 
odontalgic. 
COC'CION, kokkiov. A weight, mentioned by 
Myrepsus ; the same as the siliqua. 
COCCIONELLA, Coccus cacti. 
COCCOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsa- 
mum. 
COCCOGNIDIA, Cnidia grana. 
COCCOLOBA UVIFERA, see Kino. 
COCCONES, see Punica granatum. 
COCCULA5 OFFICINARUM, see Menisper- 
muin cocculus. 
COCCULUS CRISPUS, Menispermum tuber- 
culatum-c. Indi aromatica, see Myrtus pimenta 
-c. Indicus, see Menispermum cocculus-c. Pal- 
matus, Columba-c. Suberosus, Menispermum 
cocculus. 
COCCUM, Cnidia grana, Kermes - c. Baphi- 
cum, Kermes-c. Infectorium, Kermes-c. Scar- 
latinum, Kermes-c. Tinctorum, Kermes. 
COCCUS, Coccus cacti-c. Americanus, Coccus 
cacti. 
Coccus Cacti. The systematic name of the 
Coch'ineal Insect, Coccinel'la, Cochinil'la, Coccio- 
nel'la, Coecinil'la, Ficus In'di as grana, Coccus 
Polon'icus, Scaraba'olus hemisphee'ricus, Cochi- 
nelif'era cochinil'la, Coccus America'nus, Coccus 
Indicus Tincto'rius, Cochinelle, Coccus; the Coch'- 
ineal Animal, (F.) Cochenille, Graine d'Ecarlate. 
The cochineal insects have a faint, heavy odour; 
their taste is acrid, bitterish, and astringent: co- 
lour blackish-red externally,-purple-red within. 
They are used chiefly for giving a red colour to 
tinctures, Ac. They were, at one time, esteemed 
astringent, stimulant, diuretic, and anodyne. 
Coccus Ilicis, Kermes-c. Indicus tinctorius, 
Coccus cacti-c. Indicus, see Menispermum coc- 
culus-c. Polonicus, Coccus cacti. 
COCCYCEPH'ALUS, Ooccy'go-ceph'alus, from 
216 
COCHLEARIA 
coccyx and Kt<pa\i), 'the head.' A monster whose 
head has the shape of the os coccygis. 
COCCYGEAL, Coccygeus - c. Nerve, see Sa- 
cral Nerves. 
COCCYGE'US, Coccyge'al, from Koxirvf, because 
it is inserted into the coccyx; Igchio-Coecygeug, 
(F.) Itchio-coccygien. Belonging both to tho 
ischium and coccyx'. The muscle Igchio-coccy- 
geue, Leva'tor Coccy'gie, Triangula' rig Coccy'gig. 
It arises from the spinous process of the ischium, 
and is inserted into the extremity of the sacrum; 
and into nearly the whole length of the os coc- 
cygis laterally. It retains the coccyx in place, 
and prevents it from being forced backwards 
during the evacuation of the faeces. 
COCCYGIO-ANAL, Sphincter ani externus. 
CO CC YGIO-CUTANE SPHINCTER, 
Sphincter ani externus. 
COCCYGOCEPHALUS, Coccycephalus. 
COCCYMELEA, Prunus domestica. 
COCCYX, 'a cuckoo,' whose bill it is said to 
resemble; Coccy'gig, Cauda, Oegig sacri ac.u'- 
men, Oe Al'agag, Rump Bone, Crupper Bone, Old- 
ening, Uropyg'ion, Spon'dylie, Spondyl'ium. An 
assemblage of small bones, attached to the lower 
part of the sacrum ; the curvature of which it 
prolongs, and of which it seems to be an append- 
age. Generally, it consists of four bones. Be- 
hind the base of the coccyx are two small tuber- 
cular eminences. These are called Cornua of the 
Coccyx. 
CO CHE MAR, Incubus. 
COCHENILLE, Coctus cacti. 
COCHERIA, Cochia. 
C 0 C III A, Cocchia, Cache'ria, from kokkos, 
'berry,' 'seed,' or from 'to flow profusely.' 
An ancient name for several officinal purgative 
pills; thus called, either because they produced 
copious evacuations, or were shaped like a, seed. 
COCHIN LEG, see Elephantiasis. 
COCHINEAL, Coccus cacti. 
COCHINELIFERA COCHINILLA, Coccus 
cacti. 
COCHINILLA, Coccus cacti. 
COCH'LEA. A Snail'g ehell, (F.) Limaqon, 
Coquille. Anatomists have given this name to 
the most anterior of the three cavities, which 
constitute the labyrinth of the ear, the Pelvig 
Au'rium, Concha aurie inter'na, Cav'itag cochlea'- 
ta, C. buccina'ta, Antrum buccino'eum, Concha La- 
byrin'thi, Troch'lea labyrinth'i: - and that of 
Scalce of the Cochlea, (F.) Rampeg du limacon, to 
two spiral cavities in the interior of the cochlea. 
One of these scalae terminates at the Feneg'tra 
rotun'da, and is called Scala tympani: the other 
opens at the anterior and inferior part of the ves- 
tibule : it is called Scala vegtib'uli. 
Cochlea, Scala: of the, see Cochlea. 
COCHLEAR, Cochleare-c. Auriculare, Ear- 
pick-c. Nerve, see Auditory Nerve. 
COCHLEA'RE, Ooch'lear, Cochlea'rium, from 
cochlea ; its bowl resembling a shell. A epoonful, 
(F.) Cuilleree; abbreviated in prescriptions usu- 
ally to coch. See Abbreviation. Also, a scoop. 
Cochlea're Magnum, a tablespoonful; C. Me', 
dium, a dessert or pap-spoonful; and C. Min'i- 
mum, a teaspoonful. 
COCHLEA'RIA, from cochleare, 'a spoon,' so 
called from its resemblance. C. officinalie. 
Cochlea'ria Armora'cia, Raph'anue rueti- 
ca'nue, Armora'cia, A. eati'va, A. ruetica'na, 
Raph'anug mari'nug, Raph' anug eylveg' trie, 
Raph'anug magna, Horeeradieh. Family, Cruci- 
ferse. Sex. Sygt. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. (F.) 
Raifort gauvage, Cran, Cran de Bretagne. The 
root of horseradish is frequently used at table; 
and has long been in the Materia Medica. It is COCHLEARIFORMIS 
-- 
stimulant and diuretic. Externally it is rube- 
facient. 
Cochlea'ria Coron'opus, Coron'opus, Coron'- 
opus Ruel'lii seu depres'sus seu vulga'ris, Lc- 
pid'ium squama'turn, Senebie'ra coron'opus, Wild 
Scurvy Grass, Sicine's Cress, (F.) Come de Cerf. 
This European plant is considered to be diuretic 
and antiscorbutic. The term Coron'opus was 
given, by the ancients, to various plants. 
Cochlea'ria Hortensis, Cochlearia officinalis. 
Cochlea'ria Officina'lis, Cochlearia, C. hor- 
ten'sis seu pyrena'ica seu vulga'ris, Lemon Scurvy 
Grass, Common Scurvy Grass, (F.) Cranson, Herbe 
aux cuillers. It has been considered a powerful 
antiscorbutic. It is sometimes eaten in salad. 
Cochlea'ria Pyrena'ica, C. officinalis - c. 
Vulgaris, C. officinalis. 
COCIILEARIFOR'MIS, from cochleare, 
'a spoon,' and forma, 'shape(F.) Rec de Cuiller. 
CochleARlFORMis Proces'sus, Cochlear'iform 
process. A small, very thin plate, which sepa- 
rates the bony portion of the Eustachian tube 
from the canal for the passage of the tensor tym- 
pani. 
COCHLEA'RIS. A gelatinous looking tissue, 
seen on opening the cochlea, by which the mem- 
branous zone is connected, at its outer or convex 
margin, with the outer wall. It is supposed by 
Todd and Bowman to be muscular; and to have 
a preservative office, being placed to defend the 
cochlear nerves from undue vibrations of sound, 
in a way analogous to that in which the iris pro- 
tects the retina from excessive light. 
COCIILEARIUM, Cochleare. 
COCHO'NE, Koxynm. The junction of the 
ischium, near the seat or breech.-Foesius. The 
breech proper, from the hip-bones to the anus. 
The perinaeum. The coccyx. 
COCIL'IO. A weight of eleven ounces. 
COCKLE-BUR, Agrimony. 
COCKLES, INDIAN, see Menispermum coc- 
culus. 
COCKMINT, Tanacetum balsamita. 
COCKUP HAT, Stillingia. 
COCLES, Borgne. 
COCO, Cocos nucifera. 
Coco of the Maldives, Cocos de Maldi'vd. 
The fruit of a palm, called Lodoice'a by Com- 
merson. It was formerly termed, in the shops, 
ATmjc Jffed'ica, and enjoyed great reputation. 
COCOA, Cacao. 
COCOA CACAVIFERA, Cacao. 
COCOBAY, Mai de San Lazaro. 
COCOS BUTYRA'CEA. The name of the 
plant which affords the palm oil, O'leum pal'ma, 
obtained chiefly from the fruit, by bruising and 
mixing the kernels with water, without the aid 
of heat, by which the oil is separated and rises 
to the surface. It is of the consistence of an 
ointment, with little taste, and a strong, though 
not disagreeable, smell. It is applied to sprains, 
<fce.; but has no advantages over other oils. It 
has been called, also, O'leum Palma seba'ceum, 
0. fix'urn nucum cocos but yr a'cere and Mackaw 
fat. It is procured likewise from the Ela'is 
Guineen' sis, and Ela'is Occidenta'lis, two spe- 
cies of palms. 
Cocos Nucif'era, Palma cocos, (F.) Oocotier. 
Order, Palmae. The systematic name of the 
plant whose fruit is the cocoa nut. (F.) Coco. 
It is an agreeable kernel, but not easy of diges- 
tion. Emulsions, orgeat, <fcc., are made from it. 
The juice of the cocoa, when fermented, forms 
wine, and arrack is distilled from it, 
COCOTE, Influenza. 
COCOTIER, Cocos nucifera. 
COCTIO, Coction, Digestion-c. Ciborum, Di- 
gestion-c. Morbi, Coction. 
217 
CCELIAC 
COC'TION, Coc'tio, Pepsis, Pepan'eis, Pepas'- 
mos, Sympep'sis, Concoc'tion, from coquere, 'to 
boil.' This word has been employed in various 
senses. 1. With the ancients, coction meant the 
particular kind of alteration which the food ex- 
periences in the digestive organs, particularly in 
the stomach. It meant a preparation from its 
crude state. 2. It expressed the maturation or 
change, which the humeral pathologists believed 
morbific matter experiences before elimination. 
It was considered, that coction, Coc'tio morbi, 
was produced during the violence of the disease; 
and hence this was called the Period of Coction. 
See Humorism. 
COD, or CODS, Scrotum. 
COD-OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. 
COD-LIVER OIL, Oleum jecoris aselli. 
CODAGAPALA BARK, Nerium antidysente- 
ricum. 
CODE, Codex. 
CODEIA, Codeine. 
COD'EINE, Code'i'a, Codei'num,Papaveri'numf 
from Kb>iia, ' a poppy head.' An alkaloid, disco- 
vered, by Robiquet, in opium, in 1832. It is 
soluble in water, alcohol and ether, and unites 
readily with acids. As a hypnotic, Magendie 
thinks one grain of codeia equal to half a grain 
of morphia. The muriate of codeia appears to 
be stronger than the pure oodeia. 
CODESELLA, Anthrax. 
CODEX. A collection of laws. (F.) Code. 
By extension, a collection of approved medical 
formulae, with the processes necessary for form- 
ing the compounds referred to in it. The Pari- 
sian Pharmacopoeia is styled Codex medicamen- 
ta'rius. 
Codex Medicamentarius, Formulary, see 
Codex. 
CODIA, Papaver (capsule.) 
CODOCELE, Bubo. 
CODOSCELLA, Bubo. 
CCECAL, Caecal. 
CCECITAS, Caecitas. 
C(ECUM, Caecum. 
COEFFE, Caul. 
CCE'LIA, xoiXia, xoiXtj, 'a hollow place.' This 
word generally meant a cavity in the body:-the 
abdomen, in particular. It has also been used 
for the alimentary canal, Ac.: - am» xoiXia, 'the 
stomach,' Karo> KoiXia, ' the abdomen.' Also, an 
alvine evacuation; excrement. 
CCE'LIAC, Coeliacus, Gastrocoe'liacus, Gastro- 
coe'licus, (F.) Coeliaque ou Celiaque, from KoiXia, 
'the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating to the 
cavity of the abdomen. 
Ccei iac Artery, A. Coe'liaca, Coeliac axis, A. 
opistogastrique, Ch., A. Coeliaque, Tronc coeli- 
aque, Trepied de la coeliaque, is situate above the 
panercas, and behind the upper part of the sto- 
mach. It arises from the anterior part of the 
abdominal aorta, where it passes between the 
pillars of the diaphragm, and soon divides into 
the coronaria ventriculi, hepatic, and splenic ar- 
teries. 
CfELlAC Flux, Coeliac Passion, Coeliaca chylo'- 
sa, Diarrhoe'a chylo'sa, D. chymo'sa, Fluxus chy- 
lo'sus seu coeliacus, Passio coeliaca, P. Ventricu- 
lo'sa, Chymoche'zia, Fluor albus intestino'rum, 
Chylorrhoe'a, Chymorrhoe'a, Coeliaca lac'tea, Mor- 
bus coeliacus, Chylodiarrhoe'a, Galactodiarrhoe'a, 
Sedes lactescen'tes, Gastrorrhoe'a, (F.) Flux coeli- 
aque. A species of diarrhoea, in which the food 
is discharged by the bowels in an undigested 
condition. By some, defined to be diarrhoea at- 
tended with discharges of chyle or chyme. It is, 
in general, symptomatic of tubercular disease of 
the mesenteric glands. See Lientery. CCELIACA 
0<eliac Passion, Coeliac flux. 
Cceliac Plexus, Solar Plexus, Plexus mesen- 
tor'ii pro'prius et max'Imus, P. ganglifor'mis 
semiluna'ris, (F.) Plexus median ou opistogas- 
trique, (Ch.,) Pl. Coeliac ou solaire, Ganglion de 
Vieussens, is formed of numerous nervous fila- 
ments, which proceed from the semilunar ganglia 
of the great sympathetic. It is strengthened by 
several branches of the right and left pneumo- 
gastric nerves; is seated around the trunk of 
the cceliac artery, behind the stomach, and fur- 
nishes the secondary plexuses - the diaphrag- 
matic, coronary of the stomach, splenic and he- 
patic, which accompany the arteries of the same 
name. 
CCELIACA, from koiXuikos, * coeliac.' Diseases 
of the digestive organs; the 1st class in Good's 
Nosology. It comprises two orders, Enterica and 
Splanchnica. Also, medicines that act on the 
digestive organs.-Pereira. 
Cceliaca Chylosa, Cceliac flux - c. Lactea, 
Coeliac flux - c. Renalis, Chyluria - c. Urinalis, 
Chyluria. 
CCELIzE'MIA, Hyperae'mia dbdom'inis, Con- 
ges' tio abdomina'lis, from KoiXta, ' the abdomen,' 
and 'aiya, 'blood.' Ilyperaemia or congestion of 
the blood-vessels of the abdomen. 
CCELIAGRA, Gastri'tis seu Enteri'tis seu Col'- 
ica seu Diarrhoe'a arthrit'ica. Gout of the ab- 
domen. 
CCELIALGIA, Tormina. 
CCELIAQUE, TREPIED DE LA, Coeliac 
artery. 
CCELIOCELE, see Hernia, hypogastric. 
CCELIOCHYSIS, Ascites. 
CCELIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, abdominal. 
CCELIODYNIA, Colic. 
CCELIOLYSIA, Diarrhoea. 
CCELION'CUS, Coeliophy'ma, from KotXia, 'the 
abdomen,' and oyxos, 'a tumour.' A tumour of 
the abdomen. 
CffiLIOPHYMA, Coelioncus. 
CCELIOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cula peritona'i, 
from KoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen,' and 
4>vjia, ' a hard tumour.' Tubercles of the perito- 
neum. 
CCELIOPSOPHIA, Borborygmus. 
CCELIOPYO'SIS, from KoiXia, 'the abdomen,' 
and Ttvuais, 'suppuration.' Suppuration in the 
abdomen or its parietes. 
CCELIORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
CGSLIORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus abdorn'- 
inis, from koiXw, 'the abdomen,' and ptvpa, 'de- 
fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the mus- 
cles of the abdomen. 
CCELIOSPAS'MUS, from KoiXia, 'abdomen,' 
and cnaapos, 'spasm.' Spasm or cramp of the 
abdomen. 
CCELO'MA, from KoiXot, 'hollow.' A round 
ulcer of the cornea, broader and deeper than that 
described under the name Bothrion. 
CCELON, Cavity. 
CCELOPHTHAL'MUS, from koiXoj, 'hollow,' 
and ocpBaXfioi, ' eye.' One who is hollow-eyed. 
CCELOSTOM'IA, from koiXos, ' hollow,' and 
crofia, ' mouth.' A defect in speaking, when the 
voice seems as if it came from a cavern;-that is, 
obscure, and as if at a distance. 
CCELOS'TOMUS, same etymon. One who has 
a hollow voice. 
CCELOTES, Cavity. 
CCENJESTHE'SIS, from kocvs;, 'common,' and 
aiafycii, ' feeling.' Conasthe'sis. Common feel- 
ing. Some German writers mean, by this, a sixth 
sense. It is the feeling of self-existence or indi- 
viduality, and is manifested by the sense of buoy- 
ancy or depression, which we experience without 
218 
COtNCIDENTIA 
any known cause; - by involuntary 
feeling of chill or glow, &c. 
CffiNOLOGIA, Consultation. 
CfE'NOTES, Koivonjs, 'commonness,' from 
koivos, ' common.' The physicians of the metho- 
dic sect asserted that all diseases arise from re- 
laxation, stricture, or a mixture of both. These 
were called Coenotes: or what diseases have in 
common. 
COETUS, Coition. 
C(EUR, Heart. 
COF'FEA ARAB'ICA, C. vulga'ris, Jas'minum 
Arab'icum, (F.) Oafier, and Cafeyer. Family, Ru- 
biaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The 
plant which affords coffee, Choava, Bon, Buna, 
(F.) Cafe. Originally from Yemen. 
The infusion of coffee is an agreeable and 
wholesome article of diet. It is, to a certain ex- 
tent, a tonic, and is employed as such in conva- 
lescence, especially from fevers, <fcc. In cases 
of poisoning by opium, and in old asthmas, its 
use has been extolled. For this purpose the 
Moka is the best. It ought to be newly torrefied, 
but not too much burnt; should be strong, and 
drunk soon after grinding. Factitious Coffees 
have been, from time to time, recommended, but 
they are infinitely inferior to the genuine. Va- 
rious substitutes have been proposed; wheat, bar- 
ley, hollyberries, acorns, sunflower seeds, beech- 
mast, peas, beans, succory-root, seeds of gooseber- 
ries and currants left in making wine, and washed, 
-sliced turnips, &c. These have been roasted, 
with the addition of a little butter or oil: but 
they have not the aroma of coffee. The best sub- 
stitute is said to be the seeds of the Yellow water 
flag, Gladiolus luteus or Iris pseudacorus. 
Hunt's (Economical Breakfast Powder con- 
sisted of rye, roasted with a little butter. 
COFFEE-TREE, Gymnocladus Canadensis. 
COFFEE, WILD, Triosteum. 
COGNITIO PHYSIOLOGICA, Physiology. 
COHABITATIO, Coition. 
COHABITA'TION, Cohabita'tio, from cum, 
'with,' and habitare, 'to dwell.' The act of 
dwelling together. In legal medicine, it means 
the consummation of marriage.-Copulation. 
COHE'SION, Cohcssio, from cum, 'with,' and 
harere, ' to stick.' Vis cohcesio'nis, Vis adh<B- 
sio'nis, Vis attractio'nis, Force of cohe'sion, At- 
traction of cohesion, A. of aggregation, is that 
force in the particles of matter, whereby they are 
connected in such a way as to resist any attempt 
towards their removal or separation. This force 
has to be attended to, in the management of dis- 
ease. Emollients, rubbed into a part, act by 
diminishing the cohesion. 
COHIBENS, Epischeticus. 
COHOBA'TION, Cohoba'tio, Coho'bium, Co'- 
hob, Co'hoph. Distillation of a liquid-already 
distilled-on the same substances. When this is 
repeated three or four times, it is called Recoho- 
ba'tion. 
COHOL. Synonym of Alcohol. Also, a dry 
colly rium.-Avicenna. 
COHOSH, Aeta? a racemosa, Caulophyllum tha- 
lictroides- c. Black, Actaea racemosa-c. Blue- 
berry, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
COHUSH, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
COIFFE, Caul. 
COIGN, see Pyrus cydonia. 
COIGNASSIER, Pyrus cydonia. 
COINCIDEN'TIA. Some authors have trans- 
lated, by this term, the word parempto'sis, used 
by Galen to designate the occlusion of the fora- 
men opticum by a humour, proceeding from the 
base *f the brain, and occasioning blindness.- 
Castelli. COINDICANT 
COIN'DICANT, Coin' dicans, from con, 'with/ 
and indico, ' I indicate.' 
Coin'dicant Signs are those which furnish the 
same indications; or which confirm the indica- 
tion afforded by another sign :-awt.vbt.iKi/vyeva. 
COIRA, Catechu. 
COIRAS, Scrofula. 
CO IT, Coition. 
COIT"ION, Co'itus, Co'etus, from coeo, (con, 
and eo, ' to go/) ' to go together.' Copula'tion, 
Copula'tio, Cop'ula Carna'lis, Aphrodis'ia, Aphro- 
disiasm' us, Epip'loce, Acces'sus, Basia'tio, Am- 
plexa'tio, Amplex'us, Conven'tus, Complex'™, Con- 
ju'gium, Agglutina'tio, Lagne'a, Lagneu'ma, Lag- 
nei'a, Mixis, Permis'tio, Permix'tio, Syndyas'mus, 
Synu'sia, Concu'bitus, Congres'sus, Cohabita'tio, 
Venus, Res Vene'rea, Concu'bitus vene'reus, Prce'- 
lium, Duell'um vene'reum, Noctur'na bella, Con- 
cil'ia corpora'lia, Homil'ia, Ven'ery, Sexual in- 
tercourse, (F.) Coit, Approche, Accouplement. 
The carnal union of the sexes. 
COITUS, Coition-c. Difficilis, Dyssynodus-c. 
Sodom iticus, Buggery. 
COL, Collum-c. de la Matrice, Collum uteri- 
c. Uttrin, Collum uteri. 
COLA, Articulation. 
COLATIO, see Colatura. 
COLATO'RIUM, Hylister, from colare, 'to 
strain.' A strainer of any kind. (F.) Couloir. 
A term by which the ancient physicians described 
every canal or conduit through which the excre- 
mentitious humours of the body are evacuated. 
Ulcers, fistulas, setons, caustics, Ac., have been 
called artificial or accidental Colatoria, because 
they were considered to be passages by which 
the animal economy is freed from some morbific 
matter. 
COLATUM, see Colatura. 
COLATU'RA, from colare, 'to strain.' Cola'- 
tum, (F.) Colature. A filtered or strained liquor. 
It likewise means straining a liquid, - Cola'tio, 
Diy'hsis, Diylis'mus, Hy'lisis, Hylis'mus. 
COL'CHESTER, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Aqua Colcestren'sis. The waters of Colchester 
are of the bitter purging kind, similar to those 
of Epsom. 
COLCIIICIA, see Colchicum autumnale. 
COL'CHICUM AUTUMNA'LE, from the coun- 
try Colchis. Meadow Saffron, Col'chicum, Count, 
(F.) Colehique, Tue-chien, Mort aux chiens, Sa- 
fran des pres, Safran batard. Family, Colchi- 
caceae. Class, Hexandria. Order, Monogynia. 
The bulb or root (Bulbus vel Radix vel Cormus,) 
and the seeds are the parts used in medicine. 
The taste is acrid, excoriating the mouth ; but the 
acrimony is lost by drying. It is narcotic, diu- 
retic, and cathartic; and has been given in 
dropsy, gout, and rheumatism. Dose, from gr. j 
to vj of the fresh bulb. It is supposed to be the 
active ingredient of the Eau midicinale d'Husson. 
The active principle is called CbfcAic"»a. The 
Colchicum, in an over-dose, is an acro-narcotic 
poison. 
Dr. Wilson's Tincture for the Gout is said to be 
merely an infusion of Colchicum, or Col'chicin. 
Colchicum Zf.ylanicum, Kmmpferia rotunda. 
COLCHIQUE, Colchicum autumnale. 
COL'COTHAR, Col'cothar Vitrioli, Henri'cus 
rubens, Chalci'tis, Brown red, Rouge, Crocus, Ox- 
id urn Ferri rubrum, Tritox'ydum Ferri, Sulphas 
Ferri calcina'tum, Ferrum vitriola'tum ustum, 
Terra vitrioli dulcis, Crocus martis vitriolatus 
seu adstrin'gens, (F.) Rouge d'Angleterre, Safran 
de Mars astringent. The red oxide of iron, ob- 
tained by calcining sulphate of iron to redness, 
with or without the contact of air. It possesses 
the general properties of the preparations of iron, 
and has been applied to stanch blood, Ao. 
219 
COLICA ACCIDENTALIS 
COLD, Frigus, Psychos, (F.) Froid. The sen- 
sation produced by the abstraction of caloric from 
our organs,-Cheima, Chimon. See Heat. 
Three degrees of cold are generally distin- 
guished in disease. 1. The simple feeling of cold 
(Algor), 2. Chilliness (Horror), and 3. Shivering 
(Rigor). Cold is employed in medicine, chiefly, 
as a refrigerant and sedative. 
Cold in the Eye, Ophthalmia, catarrhal - c. 
in the Head, Coryza. 
COLEITIS, Colposis. 
COLEOCELE, see Hernia. 
COLECEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
COLEOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginas. 
COLEORRHEX'IS, from 'a vagina or 
sheath,' and ' rupture.' Laceration or rup- 
ture of the vagina. 
COLEOSITIS, Leucorrhoea. 
COLEOSTEGNO'SIS, Colpostegno'sis, Colpos- 
tenochor'ia, Colposynize'sis, from ' a va- 
gina or sheath,' and ortyvwiHs, ' constriction.' 
Narrowness of the vagina, natural or acquired. 
COLERE, Rage. 
COLES, Penis. 
COLEUS, Vagina. 
00LIBERT, Cagot. 
COLIC, Co'liens, from kuXov, 'the colon.' (F.) 
Colique. Relating to the colon. 
Cone Arteries, Arte'ria colica, (F.) Artires 
Ooliques, are six in number, three of which, given 
off by the superior mesenteric, are called Colica 
dextra ; and three, proceeding from the inferior 
mesenteric, Colica sinis'tra. All proceed tow ards 
the colon, passing between the two lamina) of the 
peritoneum, which form the mesocolon, where 
they ramify and anastomose with each other. 
The first, Colica dextra, Ramus col'ica dexter, is 
called 0. dextra superior, (Miso-colique,- Ch.) 
The second, 0. dextra media, Oolica media, Ra- 
mus colicus medius, Arteria media anastomot'ica, 
(C. droite, Ch.,) and the third, C. dextra inferior 
or lleo-colica, (A. cacale,- Ch.) Of the three 
Colica sinistra, the first or superior is called, by 
Chaussier, Colica magna sinis'tra; the second or 
media is not distinguished from the preceding, as 
they often arise from a common trunk; and the 
third is called by Chaussier Colica parva sinis'- 
tra. To these arteries as many veins correspond, 
which open into the great and little mesenteric. 
Colic Lobe of the Liver is the great lobe of 
that organ. 
Colic, Co'lica Passio, Colica, Bellyache, Col'- 
ice, Colicodyn'ia, Coeliodyn'ia, Dolo'res intestino'- 
rum, Dolor co'licus, Dysenteronerv'ia, Anentero- 
ner'via, Enteral'gia, Gripes, Mulligrubs. In its 
etymological acceptation, Colic signifies an affec- 
tion or pain in the colon. But it is employed in 
a more extensive signification. It includes every 
acute pain of the abdomen, aggravated at inter- 
vals. The word has often, however, epithets 
affixed to it, which render it more or less precise. 
See Tormina. 
Colic, Crapulent, Colica crapulosa-c. Devon- 
shire, Colic, metallic-c. Horn, Priapismus - c. 
Lead, Colic, metallic - c. Madrid, Colica Madri- 
densis - c. Menstrual, Colica mcnstrualis - c. 
Metallica, Colica metallica - c. Painters', Colic, 
metallic - c. Plumbers', Colic, metallic - c. of 
Poitou, Colic, metallic - c. of Prostitutes, Co- 
lica scortorum - c. Saturnine, Colic, metallic 
c. of Surinam, Colic, metallic-c. Uterine, Colica 
uterina-c. Weed, Dicentra Canadensis-c. Worm, 
Colica verminosa. 
COLICA ACCIDENTALIS, Colica crapulosa 
-c. Acuta, Enteritis-c. Arthritica, Cceliagra. 
Co'lica Bilio'sa, Bil'ious Colic, (F.) Coliquo 
Bdieuse. Colic, occasioned by an accumulation 
of bile in the intestines or in its own passages. COLICA 
The treatment required resembles that proper for 
the next variety. 
Colica Callo'sa. Colic attended with sense 
of stricture in some parts of the intestinal canal; 
often of flatulency and pain; the flatulency gra- 
dually passing off by the stricture; the bowels 
tardy; and at length discharging small liquid 
stools. 
Colica Convulsi'va, C. Spasmod'ica, C.pitui- 
to'sa, C. nervo'sa, C. idiopath' ica, Enterospasm'us. 
Colic, not the symptom of any other affection. It 
is characterized by griping pain in the bowels, 
chiefly about the navel, with vomiting and cos- 
tiveness,-the pain increasing at intervals. The 
indications are to clear the intestines, and allay 
spasm. Calomel and opium-castor oil and opium 
-emollient and cathartic enemata, with fomen- 
tations, wet or dry, to the abdomen, usually suc- 
ceed. 
Colica Crapulo'sa, C. accidenta'lis, C. hel- 
luo'num, Crap'ulent colic, Surfeit, Colic from over- 
eating, (F.) Colique d' Indigestion. A colic, aris- 
ing from eating indigestible aliments, or digestible 
aliments in too great abundance. The remedy is 
obvious. 
Colica Damnoniorum, Colic, metallic-c. Fe- 
brieosa, Colica iuflammatoria-c. Figulorum, Co- 
lica metallica. 
Colica Flatulen'ta, Injla'tio, Gastrodyn'ia 
jlatulen'ta, Physospas'mus, Pneumato'sis enter'- 
ica, (F.) Colique Jlatulente, C. Jiatueuse, C. ven- 
teuse. Colic, arising from an accumulation of air 
in the intestines. It is very common in infants, 
and may be relieved by aromatics, especially 
when combined with antacids - for example, oil 
of aniseed with magnesia. 
Colica Helluonum, Colica crapulosa. 
Colica IIemorrhoida'lis, Hemorrhoid'al Co- 
lic, (F.) Colique hemorrhoidale. A kind of colic, 
supposed to precede hemorrhoids or to supervene 
on their suppression. 
Colica IIepat'ica, Hepatal'gia, Hepatalgia 
Calculo'sa, Hepat'ic colic, (F.) Colique hepatique. 
Pain in the region of the liver, chiefly about the 
gall-bladder, occasioned by the passing of a 
biliary calculus through the cystic and choledoch 
ducts. 
Colica Idiopathica, Colica convulsiva - c. 
Ileus, Ileus. 
Colica Inflammato'ria, C. Phlogis'tica, C. 
plethor'ica, C. febrico'sa, 0. pulsat'ilis, Inflam'- 
matory colic. The same as enteritis. 
Colica Lapponica, see Seta equina-c. Lochi- 
alis, Dyslochia-c. Madridensis, Colic of Madrid 
-c. Nervosa, Colica convulsiva, Colic, metallic- 
c. Phlogistica, Colica inflammatoria. 
Colica Madriden'sis, Colic of Madrid, Ma- 
drid Colic. A species of colic, endemic in se- 
veral provinces of Spain, whose nature is not 
clear. Its symptoms resemble those occasioned 
by lead. 
Colica Menstrua'lis, Men'strual Colic, (F.) 
Colique menstruelle. Colic, which precedes or 
accompanies the menstrual evacuation, or which 
is owing to the suppression of that evacuation. 
Colica Metal'lica, Metal'lic Colic, Painters' 
Colic, Colica Pic'tonum, Colic of Poitou, Colica 
Satiuni'na, C. Figulo'rum, Colic of Surinam', 
Bellon, Dev' onshire Colic, Dry Bellyache, Satur- 
nine Colic, Lead Colic, Plumbers' Colic, Rachial'- 
gia Pic'tonum, R. Pictavien'sium, Morbus Metal'- 
licus, Colicople'gia, Colica Rachial'gia, Rachial'- 
gia, Colica Damnonio'rum, C. Plumbario'rum, 
Paralysis rachialgia, Colica nervo'sa, Colica 
Picto'run, Palmus Plumba'rius, (F.) Dy sentiro- 
nervie Saturnine, Colique de Poitou, Colique vi- 
gitale ( ?), Colique des peintres, Colique de plomb, 
C. metallique, C. Saturnine, C. des barbouilleurs. 
220 
COLLARD 
Under this head is generally described the colic 
produced by lead, as well as the other colics men- 
tioned in the synonymy; and they certainly re- 
semble each other greatly, although some of them 
are more like bilious colic. There is not much 
to distinguish this variety of colie from others. 
The same violent pain about the navel is present, 
with retraction of the abdomen towards the spine. 
It is apt also to occasion palsy. The only differ- 
ence of treatment is in the necessity for employ- 
ing more opium along with the purgative. The 
paralytic sequelae must be treated by change of 
air, rubbing the spine, exercise, &c. Treating 
the disease upon general principles is infinitely 
more philosophical, and more successful than the 
empirical management at La Charite, Paris, 
which it is unnecessary to detail. 
Colica Nephret'ica, Nephret'ic Colic, (F.) 
Colique Nfphritique. Acute pains, which accom- 
pany nephritis, and especially calculous nephritis, 
or the passage of a calculus into the ureter. 
Colica Pictonum, Colic, metallic - c. Picto- 
rum, Colic, metallic-c. Pituitosa, Colica convul- 
siva - o. Plethorica, Colica inflammatoria - c. 
Plumbariorum, Colic, metallic - c. Pulsatilis, 
Colic, inflammatory - c. Rachialgia, Colic, me- 
tallic-c. Saturnina, Colica metallica. 
Colica Scorto'rum, Colic of Prostitutes. A 
form of colic, said by Dr. Martin Ilassing, of Co- 
penhagen, to have been frequently observed by 
him amongst that unfortunate class of beings. It 
may well be doubted whether any special affec- 
tion of the kind appertains to them. 
Colica Spasmodica, Colica convulsiva, Ileus. 
Colica Sterco'rea, Colica Stipa'ta, Stercora'- 
ceous Colic, (F.) Colique stercorale. A species 
of colic, ascribed to the retention of faecal mat- 
ters in the intestines. The retention is itself, 
however, an effect, that may be caused in the 
same manner as the colic pains themselves. 
Colica Stipata, Colica stercorea. 
Colica Uteri'na, Hys'tero-col'ica, Uterine 
Colic, (F.) Colique uterine. Pain seated in the 
uterus, sometimes called Hysteral'gia. 
Colica Ventriculi, Cardialgia. 
Colica Vermino'sa, Helminthocol'ica, Worm 
Colic, (F.) Colique vermineuse. Abdominal pain, 
occasioned by the presence of worms in the in- 
testines. 
COLICODYNIA, Colica. 
COLICOPLEGIA, Colic, metallic. 
COLIMAgO-M, Limax. 
COLIQUE, Colic-c. dee Parbouilleurs, Colica 
metallica-c. Hlpatique, Colica hepatica-c. d'In- 
digestion, Colica crapulosa-c. Metallique, Colica 
metallica - e. de Miserere, Ileus - c. de Miseri- 
corde, Ileus-c. des Peintres, Colica metallica- 
c. de Plomb, Colica metallica-c. de Poitou, Colica 
metallica-c. Saturnine, Colica metallica-c. Ven- 
teuse, Colica flatulenta - c. Vegetale, Colica me- 
COLIQUES, Pains, (after.) 
COLI'TIS, from kwXov, 'the colon, and itis, 
denoting inflammation; Coloni'tis, Enteri'tis co'- 
lica, (F.) Inflammation du colon. Inflammation 
of the peritoneal or mucous membrane of the 
colon. The former is termed Serocoli'tie, and 
Exocoli'tis; the latter, Endocolitis and.Dysentery. 
COLIX, Trochiscus. 
COLLA PISCIUM, Ichthyocolla. 
COLLAPSE, Collapsus. 
COLLAP'SUS, Collapse, Conciden'tia; from 
col, or cum, 'with,' and labor, lapsus, 'to fall.' (F.) 
Afaissement. A complete prostration of strength, 
either at the commencement or in the progress 
of a disease. 
COLLAR-BONE, Clavicle. 
COLLARD, Dracontium foetidum- c. Cow, COLLARIL'M 
Dracontium foetidum - c. Polecat, Dracontium 
foetidum. 
COLLARIUM SALINUM, Haloderaeum. 
COLLAT'ERAL, Collatera'lis, from cum, 'with,' 
and latus, ' side. That which accompanies or pro- 
ceeds by the side of another. 
Collat'eral Ar'teries of the Arm, Arte'rice 
Collatera'les Bra'chit, (F.) Arteres collatlrales du 
bras. They are given off by the brachial, and are 
are distinguished into, 1. The collateral-superior 
or external (Grandes musculaires du bras-Ch.) 
which arise from the inner part of the brachial, 
and extend as far as the inferior and external 
part of the arm. 2. The collateral - inferior or 
internal (Collaterales du Coude-Ch.) which arise 
from the brachial, near the elbow-joint, and de- 
scend towards the upper part of the fore-arm. 
The vessels which pass to the fingers and toes 
are also called collateral. 
Speaking generally, collateral branches are 
those which follow nearly the same course as 
the vessel whence they emanate. 
COLLATERALIS, Ischio-cavernosus. 
COLLE-CHAIR, Sarcocolla. 
COLLE DE POISSON, Ichthyocolla. 
COLLEC'TION, Collec'tio, from colligere, 'to 
gather.' This word is often united to the epithet 
purulent, serous, &c., to express a gathering of 
pus, serum, Ac. 
COLLESIS, Agglutination. 
COLLETICUS, Agglutinant. 
COLLEY'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory. 
COLLIC"UE. ' Drains to collect and convey 
away water.' See GOUTTIERE. Union of the 
duets passing from the pun eta lachrymalia, Col- 
lic"i(B puncto'rum lacryma'lium. 
COLLICULI NERVI ETHMOIDALIS, Cor- 
pora striata - c. Nervorum opticorum, Thalami 
nervorum opticorum-c. Vaginas, Nymphee. 
COLLICULUS POSTERIORIS 
VENTRICULORUM LATERALIUM, Hippo- 
campus minor. 
COLLIER (F.), A collar. A name given to 
certain eruptions which surround the neck like a 
collar. 
COLLIGAMEN, Ligament. 
COLLIGATIO, Syndesmosis. 
COLLINSO'NIA, C. Canaden'sis, C. decussa'ta, 
Horseweed, Horsebalm, Richweed, Richleaf, Heal- 
all, Stoneroot, Knotroot, Knotweed. This indi- 
genous plant is possessed of diuretic properties, 
which seem to reside in a volatile oil. Infusion 
is the best form of administration. The leaves 
in domestic practice are applied to wounds and 
bruises. 
Collinsonta Decussata, C. Canadensis. 
COLLIQUAMEN'TUM, from colliqueo, (con 
and Ztjuere,) ' I melt.' The first rudiments of an 
embryo.-Harvey. 
C0LLIQU A'TION, Colliqua'tio, Eliqua'tio, 
Syntex' is, Ectex'is, Solu'tion, Dissolution. The 
ancients meant, by this term, the progressive 
diminution of the solid parts, with copious excre- 
tion of liquids by one or more passages. They 
thought, that all the solids melted; and that the 
liquids, and particularly the blood, lost a portion 
of their density. 
COLLIQ'UATIVE, Colliquati'vus, Colliques'- 
cens, from colhquescere, 'to grow liquid.' (F.) 
Colhquatif. An epithet given to various dis- 
charges, which produce rapid exhaustion. Hence 
we say, Colliquative sweats, Colliquative diar- 
rhoea, Ac. 
COLLIQUESCENS, Colliquative. 
COLLISIO, Contusion. 
COLLIX, Trochiscus. 
COLLUDES, Glutinous. 
COLLO'DION, Collo'dium, Ethe'real Solu'tion 
221 
COLLUM 
of Gun-cotton, Maynard's Adhesive Liquid; from 
KoXXa, 'glue.' A solution obtained by dissolving 
gun-cotton, (F.) Fulmicoton, in a mixture of rec- 
tified ether and alcohol, in the proportion of about 
16 parts of the former to 1 of the latter. When 
applied to a part, the ether evaporates, and the 
solid adhesive material is left, which contracts. 
Hence it is used in cases of wounds, to keep their 
edges together. It forms, also, a coating, and 
has been applied in abrasions, and in cases of 
burns. In various chronic cutaneous diseases, it 
has been applied with advantage; and has been 
employed to give a coating to pills, which it de- 
prives of their taste, without interfering with 
their action. 
Collodion is in the last edition of the Ph. U. S. 
(1851.) 
Collodion, Canthar'idal, Collo'dium vest'cans 
seu cantharida' le. Prepared by exhausting, by 
displacement, a pound of coarsely powdered can- 
tharides with a pound of sulphuric ether, and 
three ounces of acetic ether. In two ounces of 
this saturated solution of cantharides, twenty-five 
grains of gun-cotton are dissolved. By painting 
the surface with a little of this solution, vesica- 
tion is produced, as with the plaster of can- 
tharides. 
COLLODIUM, Collodion-c. Cantharidale, Col- 
lodion, cantharidal-c. Vesicans, Collodion, can- 
th arid al. 
COLLOID, ColloVdes, from KoWa, 'glue,' and 
ei<5oj, ' resemblance;' Cancer alveola'ris, Carci- 
no'ma alveola're, (F.) Cancer alveolaire, c. Gela- 
tiniforme, Gelatinous cancer. An epithet applied 
to a product of morbid secretion, resembling 
glue, or particles of jelly inlaid in a regular 
alveolar bed. The three species of cancer or 
carcinoma are,-Encephaloid, Scirrhus, and Col- 
loid. See Cancer. 
COLLO'MA, from xoXha, 'glue.' A name pro- 
posed by Dr. Walshe for the gelatiniform matter, 
which is of common occurrence in cysts. It is 
transparent, amorphous, and devoid of vessels 
and nerves. 
COLLONO'MA, from tMa, 'glue.' A pecu- 
liar gelatinous tumour, consisting of a remarkably 
soft gelatiniform tissue, which trembles on being 
touched.-J. Miiller. 
COLLOSTRUM, Colostrum. 
COLLOURION, Collyrium. 
COLLUM, Cervix, Trache'los, Auchen, (F.) 
Col, Cou. The part of the body situate between 
the head and chest. Also, a part of an organ 
resembling the neck, as in the following cases. 
Collum Astrag'ali, Cervix Astrag'ali, Neck 
of the Astragalus, (F.) Col de I'astragale. A de- 
pression, which separates the anterior extremity 
of the astragalus from its body. 
Collum Costa'rum, Cervix Costa'rum, Neck 
of the Ribs, (F.) Col des C6tes. The narrow part 
of the ribs, between the head and tubercle. 
Collum Den'tium, Cervix Pentium, Neck of 
the Teeth, (F.) Col ou Collet des Dents. The part 
of the teeth between the corona and fang, which 
is embraced by the gum. 
Collum Fem'oris, Cervix Fem'oris, Neck of the 
Thigh-bone, (F.) Col du Femur. The long nar- 
row, and oblique portion of the os femoris, which 
separates the head from the two trochanters. 
Collum Fib'uLjE, Cervix Fib'ulce, Neck of the 
Fibula, (F.) Col du Perone. A slight narrowness 
seated below the head or upper extremity of the 
fibula. 
Collum IIu'meri, Cervix Hu'meri, Neck of the 
Hu'merus. A circular, depressed portion, which 
separates the head of the os humeri from its two 
tuberosities. Some surgeons place the neck bo COLLURIUM 
low the tuberosities, no precise line of demarca- 
tion indicating its extent. 
Collum Mandib'ula: vel Maxil'lje Inferio'- 
RlS, Cervix Mandib'ula seu Maxilla Inferio'ris, 
Neck of the lower jaw, (F.) Col de I'os maxillaire 
infiriewe. A depression observable on each side 
of the lower jaw, immediately below the con- 
dyles. 
Collum Obstipum, Torticollis. 
Collum Ossis Magni vel Capita'ti, Cervix os- 
eis magni vel Capita'ti, Neck of the Os Magnum, 
(F.) Col du grand Os. A circular depression be- 
neath the head of this bone of the carpus. 
Collum Ra'dii, Cervix Radii, Neck of the 
Radius, (F.) Col du Radius. A narrow portion 
of the radius, which supports the head of the 
bone. 
Collum Scap'ulje, Cervix Scap'ula, Neck of 
the Scap'ula, (F.) Col de V Omoplate. A narrow 
portion, observable below the glenoid cavity of 
the scapula, which seems to separate it, as it 
were, from the rest of the bone. 
Collum U'teri, Cervix Uteri, Jug'ulum Uteri, 
Neck of the Uterus, (F.) Col de la Matrice, Col 
utMn. A narrow, cylindrical, and flattened por- 
tion of the uterus, which terminates it inferiorly, 
and opens into the vagina by the Os Uteri or Os 
Tinea. This neck is perceptible on examination 
yer vaginam, until near the end of utero-gesta- 
tion. As the uterus enlarges, however, it be- 
comes shorter and wider, so that a manifest diffe- 
rence exists between its condition at seven and 
nine months. 
Collum Vesi'ca:, Cervix Vesi'ca, Neck of the 
Bladder, (F.) Col de la Vessie. The anterior 
part of the base of the bladder, which resembles 
the neck of a bottle, and is continuous with the 
urethra. 
COLLURIUM, Collyrium. 
COLLUTIO, Gargarism. 
COLLUTO'RIUM, from colluere, 'to wash out.' 
A mouth-wash. 
Collutorium Adstringens, Mel boracis. 
COLLU'VIES, from colluo, 'I cleanse.' Filth, 
excrement. Discharge from an old ulcer. 
Colluvies Gastrica, Embarras gastrique. 
COLLYR'IUM, Oollu'rium, Collu'rion, from 
awXvid, 'I check,' and pew, 'I flow,' or from soXXa, 
'glue,' and ovpa, 'tail;' (F.) Collyre. The an- 
cients designated, by this term, a solid medicine, 
of a long, cylindrical shape; proper to be intro- 
duced into the vagina, anus, or nostrils. They 
are said to have given it this name because it was 
shaped like a Rat's Tail, and because there en- 
tered into its composition powders and glutinous 
matters. - Celsus, Oribasius, Scribonius Largus. 
At the present day, Collyrium means an applica- 
tion to the eye. Some are pulverulent and dry, 
Ophthalniempas'ma, Collyr'ium siccum, but the 
greatest part are liquid, Hygrocollyr'ia; and 
receive different epithets, as astringent, emollient, 
«tc. The term is now little more than synony- 
mous with Eye-water. Collyria are generally 
extemporaneous formulae. 
Collyrium Siccum, see Collyrium-c. Siccum 
Alexandrinum, see Alexandrine. 
COLOBO'MA, Koho[3<i>na, ' any thing truncated 
or shortened.' A mutilated or maimed organ. 
Colobo'ma Iridis, Irido-coloboma. A conge- 
nital peculiarity of the iris, consisting in a fissure 
of its lower portion, and a consequent prolonga- 
tion of the iris to the margin of the cornea. 
COLOBO'SIS, The act of curtailing 
or mutilating; mutilation. 
COLOCHOLO'SIS, from kuXov, 'the colon,' 
and xoXn, 'bile.' Bilious dysentery, Dysenter'ia 
bilio'sa. 
COLOCYNTH, Cucumis colocynthis. 
222 
COLOURS 
COLOMBINE, COMMON, Aquilegia vulgaris. 
COLOMBA, Calumba. 
COLON, G'. Ccecum, Monen'terum, Colum, Intes- 
ti'num majus, I. cellula'tum, I. crassvm et plenum, 
I. grande, I. laxum. That portion of the large 
intestines which extends from the csecum to the 
rectum. It is said to have been so called from 
koiXov, 'hollow,' or from kwXvw, 'I arrest,' be- 
cause the excrements are arrested, for a conside- 
rable time, in its sacs,-cel'lula. The colon is 
usually divided into four portions. 1. The right 
lumbar or ascending, Colon dextrum, situate in 
the right lumbar region, and commencing at thi 
caecum. 2. Transverse colon, Colon transver'sum, 
transverse arch of the colon, the portion of the 
colon which crosses from the right to the left side, 
at the upper part of the abdomen. 3. The left 
lumbar or descending colon, Colon sinis'trum, ex- 
tending from the left part of the transverse arch, 
opposite the outer portion of the left kidney, to 
the corresponding iliac fossa. 4. The /liac colon 
or Sigmoid flexure of the colon, (F.) Colon iliaque 
ou N. du colon, the portion of the intestine which 
makes a double curvature in the left iliac fossa, 
and ends in the rectum. 
The muscular fibres, as in the caecum, are in 
three flat stripes, Tce'nice seu Fas'cioe Ligamcn- 
to'sce. 
Colon, Membrum - c. Inflammation of the, 
Colitis. 
Colon, Torpor of the. A disease in which 
the muscular coat of the colon acts with deficient 
energy; giving occasion to distention of the in- 
testine, which, by pressing upon the other organs, 
may interfere so much with their functions, as to 
lead to distressing gastric, cardiac and other dis- 
orders. 
COLONITIS, Colitis, Dysentery. 
COLONNE, Columna - c. Vertebrate, Verte- 
bral column. 
COLONNES CHARNUES, Carn esc column® 
-c. Charnues du Coeur, Column® carneae. 
COLOPHANE, Colophonia. 
COLOPHANY, Colophonia. 
COLOPHO'NIA, so called from Colophon, a 
city of Ionia; Phrycte, Fricta, Pix Grceca, Re- 
si'na nigra, Colophony, Colophony, Black Rosin, 
Pitch, Frown Rosin, (F.) Colophone, Colophane, 
Arcanson, Brai sec. The black resin, which re- 
mains in the retort, after the distillation, by 
means of a strong fire, of common turpentine. 
It is used like the turpentines in general, and in 
some pharmaceutical preparations. 
COLOPHONY, Colophonia. 
COLOQUINTE, Cucumus colocynthis. 
COLOQUINTIDA, Cucumus colocynthis. 
COLOR VIRGINEUS PALLIDUS, Chlorosis 
-c. Virginum foedus, Chlorosis. 
COLORECTITIS, Dysentery. 
COLOSTRA, Colostrum. 
COLOSTRATIO, Colostration. 
COLOSTRA'TION, Colostra'tio. Disease in 
new-born children, attributable to the colostrum. 
COLOS'TRUM, Colos'tra, Collostrum, Colus'- 
trum, Troph'alis, Protog'ala, Neog'ala, Primum 
Puer'perce lac, Pytia, Pyetia, (Biestings or Beast- 
ings in the cow, ic.,) from koXov, 'food,' (?) (F.) 
Btton. The first milk after accouchement. It 
contains more serum and butter, and less casein 
than common milk, and seems to possess an eva- 
cuant property, which renders it fit to aid in the 
expulsion of the meconium. Colostrum formerly 
meant an emulsion prepared of turpentine and 
yolk of egg. 
COLOUR-BLINDNESS, Achromatopsia. 
COLOURS, ACCIDENT'AL, Op'posite colours, 
Com piemen'tary and Harmon'ic colours. If the 
eye has been for some time regarding a particu- COLPALGIA 
lar colour, the retina becomes insensible to this 
colour; and if, afterwards, it be turned to a sheet 
of white paper, the paper will not seem to be 
white, but will be of the colour that arises from 
the union of all the rays of the solar spectrum, 
except the one to which the retina has become 
insensible. Thus, if the eye be directed for some 
time to a red wafer, the sheet of paper will seem 
to be of a bluish-green, in a circular spot of the 
same dimensions as the wafer. This bluish-green 
image is called an oc'ular spectrum, because it is 
impressed upon the eye and may be retained for 
a short time; and the colour bluish-green, is said 
to be the accidental colour of the red. If this 
experiment be made with wafers of different co- 
lours, other accidental colours will be observed, 
varying with the colour of the wafer employed, 
as in the following table: - 
Colour of the Accidental colour, or colour of the 
Water. ocular spectrum. 
RedBluish green 
OrangeBlue. 
YellowIndigo. 
GreenViolet with a little red. 
BlueOrange red. 
Indigo Orange yellow. 
VioletYellow-green. 
BlackWhite. 
IFAiteBlack. 
If all the colours of the spectrum be ranged in 
a circle, in the proportions they hold in the spec- 
trum itself, the accidental colour of any particu- 
lar colour will be found directly opposite. Hence, 
the two colours have been termed opposite colours. 
It will follow from what has been said, that if the 
primary colour, or that to which the eye has been 
first directed, be added to the accidental colour, 
the result must be the same impression as that 
produced by the union of all the rays of the spec- 
trum- white light. The accidental colour, in 
other words, is what the primitive colour requires 
to make it white light. The primitive and acci- 
dental colours are, therefore, complements of each 
other; and hence accidental colours have also 
been called complementary colours. They have 
likewise been termed harmonic, because the pri- 
mitive and its accidental colour harmonize with 
each other in painting. 
COLPAL'GIA, from koXito(, 'vagina,' and 
aXyof, 'pain.' Pain in the vagina. 
COLPATRE'SIA, Elytratre'sia, from KoXitot, 
'vagina,' and arpr/rot, 'without opening.' Im- 
perforation of the vagina. 
COLPEMPHRAX'IS, from koXttoj, ' vagina,' 
and 'obstruction.' Obstruction of the 
vagina by foreign bodies. 
COLPEURYNTER, Speculum vaginae. 
COLPITIS, Colposis. 
COLPOC'ACE, YEdoeoti'tie gangrano'sa, Gan- 
grat'na genita'lium et vaga'nte. Putrescency or 
gangrene of the vagina and labia. 
Colpopace Infanti'lis, .sEdoeoti'tis gangra- 
no'sa puella'rum, Noma pudendo'rum. Gangrene 
or putrescency of the vagina and genitals in young 
children. 
ColpocacE Puerpera'rum, Gan- 
grano'sa puerpera'rum, Tocodomycodori'tis ma- 
lig'na vagina'lis (Ritgen). Sloughing of the 
vagina and genitals in puerperal women. 
COLPOCELE, Elytrocele. 
COLPOC1 STOTOM'IA, from koXitos, 'vagina,' 
kvctis, 'bladder,' and ropi?, 'incision.' Sectio va- 
gi' no-vesica'lis. Lithotomy through the vagina. 
COLPODESMORRAPH'IA, from soXros, ' va- 
gina,' iie/ios, 'ligament,' and paiptj, 'suture.' The 
removal of a part of the mucous membrane of the 
223 
COLUTEA 
vagina for the radical cure of prolapsus vagina 
et uteri. 
COLPtEDEMA, Elytroedema. 
COLPOPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. 
COLPORRHA'GIA, Elytrorrha'gia, from xoX- 
irof, ' vagina/ and ptiyvvgi, ' I break forth.' Dis- 
charge of blood from the vagina. 
COLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
COLPORRHEX'IS, Ruptu'ra vagi'nee; from 
koXttoj, 'vagina/ and prfis, 'rupture.' Rupture 
of the vagina. Also, colporrhagia. 
COLPORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea. 
COLPOS, Sinus, Vagina. 
COLPO'SIS. Inflammation of the vagina. 
Synonymous with Elytroi'tis, Ely tri'tie, Colei'tie, 
Colpi'tie. See Leucorrhoea. 
COLPOSTEGNO'SIS, Coleoetegno'eie, from 
koXttoj, 'vagina/ and areyvout, 'I close.' Atresia, 
or obliteration of the vagina. 
COLPOSTENOCHORIA, Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOSYNIZESIS, Coleostegnosis. 
COLPOT'OMY, Colpotom'ia, from koXttoj, 'va- 
gina/ and royr), 'incision.' An incision of the 
vagina in parturition. 
COLT'S FOOT, Asarum Canadense, Tussilago. 
COL'UBER BERUS. The systematic name 
of the viper, Vi'pera, (F.) Couleuvre, Vip&re. A 
poisonous reptile-the poison lying in small sacs 
near its teeth. The flesh is innocent, and has 
been often taken in scrofula, and in cutaneous 
disorders in general, but it is inefficacious. 
COLUBRINA, Polygonum bistorta-c. Dra- 
contia, Arum dracunculus - c. Lusitanica, Eu- 
phorbia capitata-c. Virginiana, Aristolochia ser- 
pentaria. 
COLUM, Colon. 
COLUMBINE, Aquilegia vulgaris - c. Wild, 
Aquilegia Canadensis. 
COLUMBO, Calumba-c. American, see Ca- 
lumba-c. Marietta, see Calumba. 
COLUMELLA, Pillar, Uvula. 
COLUM'NA, Column, (F.) Colonne. Anato- 
mists use this word for parts which resemble a 
column or pillar; hence for the penis. 
Columna Adstans Inguinibus, Penis - c. 
Dorsi, Vertebral column. 
Colum'na Nasi. The cartilaginous part of the 
septum of the nostrils. See Nares. 
Columna Oris, Uvula-c. Spinalis, Vertebral 
column-c. Virginitatis, Hymen - c. Foraminis 
ovalis, see Ovalis fossa - c. Valvulae Vieussenii, 
see Valvula Vieussenii-c. Vertebralis, Vertebral 
column. 
COLUM'NA? CAR'NEiE, Colum'na) Cordie, 
Lacer'ti vel Lacer'tuli vel Funee vel Faecic'xdi 
ter'etee Cordie, Trabee seu Trabec'ula Cordie, 
(F.) Colonnee charnuee du eoeur. Small, fleshy 
columns, which project, more or less, into the 
auricles and ventricles of the heart, whose use 
appears to be to prevent too great dilatation of 
those cavities. A few of these columna- see 
Mveculi papilla'ree-are attached by one extre- 
mity to the walls of the heart, and, by the other, 
give insertion to chordae tendineae. 
Columna: Carnea: of the Rectum, see Rectum 
-c. Papillares, see Columnae Carneae. 
COLUMNEA LONGIFOLIA, Bahel. 
COLUMNS, MEDIAN, POSTERIOR OF 
THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA, Funiculi gra- 
ciles-c. of Morgagni or of the Rectum, see Rec- 
tum- c. of the Spinal Marrow, see Vertebra] 
Nerves. 
COLUS JOVIS, Salvia sclarea. 
COLUSTRUM, Colostrum. 
COLU'TEA, C. Arboree'cene, C. hireu'ta, Senna 
German'ica, Bladder Senna, (F.) Baguenaudier, 
Faux Sent. Fam. Leguminosae. Sex. Syet. Di- 
adelphia Decandria. The leaves are slightly COLUVRINE DE VIRGINIE 
purgative, and are often mixed with those of the 
cassia senna. 
COLUVRINE DE VIRGINIE, Aristoloehia 
serpentaria. 
COLYM'BADES, Pickled Olives. These, 
when bruised and applied to a burnt part, were 
supposed to be able to prevent vesication.-Dios- 
corides. 
COLYrMBIFERA MINOR, Mentha crispa. 
COMA, Semisom'nis, Semisopi'tus, Semisopo'- 
rus, Subetk, (Arab.) A profound state of sleep, 
from which it is extremely difficult to rouse the 
individual. It is a symptom which occurs in 
many diseases. Two varieties are distinguished, 
1. Coma vigil, Coma agrypno' des, Perrigil'ium, 
Vigil'i os nim'ice, Typho' nia, Veter'nus, Veternos'- 
itas, Agrypnoco'ma, Carus lethar'gus vigil. Ty- 
phoma'nia, which is accompanied with delirium. 
The patient has his eyes closed, but opens them 
when called; and closes them again immediately. 
This state is accompanied with considerable rest- 
lessness. 2. Coma Somnolen'turn, C. Comato'des ; 
- in which the patient speaks when roused, but 
remains silent and immovable in the intervals. 
Coma is a deeper sleep than sopor, but less so 
than lethargy and carus. 
Coma, Capillus - c. Agrypnodes, see Coma - 
c. Apoplexia, Apoplexy - c. Caesarea, Plica - c. 
Comatodes, see Coma-c. Somnolentum, Somno- 
lency, see Coma - c. Vigil, see Coma. 
COMACON, Myristica moschata. 
COMAN'DRA UMBELLA'TA, Bastard Toad- 
flax ; indigenous ; Order, Santalaceae : flowering 
in May and June; has been used in fevers by 
some of the Indian tribes. 
COMAROS, Arbutus unedo. 
COMA'RUM PALUS'TRE, Potentil'la palus'- 
tris, Marsh Cinquefoil. An indigenous plant, 
Family, Rosaceae, which flowers in June. It is 
possessed of astringent virtues. 
CO'MATA, from Ksgia. Diseases characterized 
by diminution of the powers of voluntary motion, 
with sleep or impaired state of the senses. - 
Cullen. 
COMATEUX, Comatose. 
COMATODES, Comatose. 
COM'ATOSE, Comato'des, Carot'icus, Caro'des, 
(F.) Comateux. Relating to or resembling coma: 
-as comatose sleep, comatose fever, &c. 
COMBUSTIBILITY, PRETERNATURAL, 
Combustion, human. 
COMBUSTIO, Burn - c. Spontanea, Combus- 
tion, human. 
COMBUS'TION, HUMAN, Spontaneous Com- 
bus'tion or Preternat' ural Combustibil'ity, Cata- 
cau'sis, Tachencau'sis, Incen'dium sponta'neum, 
Combus'tio sponta'nea, Autempresm'us, Catacau' sis 
ebrio'sa, (F.) Combustion humaine, C. spontan&e. 
These terms have been applied to the extraordi- 
nary phenomenon of a rapid destruction of the 
human body, by being reduced to ashes either 
spontaneously or by the contact of an ignited 
substance. It is said to have occurred in the 
aged, and in those that were fat and hard 
drinkers. In such, Dr. Traill has found a con- 
siderable quantity of oil in the serum of the blood. 
Vicq d'Azyr, Lair, and Dupuytren think it neces- 
sary, that the body should be placed in contact 
with an ignited substance. Le Cat, Kopp, and 
Marc are of opinion that this is not necessary. 
The farmer appears to be the more probable view. 
COMBUSTURA, Burn. 
COMEDONES, see Acne. 
COMES ARCHIATRORUM, see Exarchiater. 
COMESTIBLE, (F.) Edu'lis, from comedere, 
* to eat.' Eatable, (F.) Edule. Esculent. When 
this word is used substantively, in French as in 
English, it means solid food. 
224 
COMMOTIO 
COMEZ. Half a drop.-Ruland. 
COMFREY, Symphytum-c. Spotted, Pulmo 
naria. 
COMISTE, Aliment. 
COMMANDUCATIO, Mastication. 
COMMEM'ORATIVE, Commemorati'vus, from 
commemorare, (con and memor,) ' to cause to re- 
member.' That which recalls, or rather which 
is recalled. 
Commemorative Signs, (F.) Signes commemo- 
ratifs, are those, deduced from circumstances 
which have gone before; or rather, according to 
others, those which point out the preceding con- 
dition of the patient. They are also called An- 
amnes'tic signs. 
COMMENSUM, Symmetry. 
COMMERCIUM, Sympathy. 
COMMI, Gummi. 
COM'MINUTED, Comminu'tus, from commi- 
nuere, (con and minuo,) 'to 'break to pieces.' 
(F.) Comminutif. A comminuted fracture is one 
in which the bone is broken into a number of 
pieces. 
COMMINU'TION, Comminu'tio, Thrypsis, 
Leio'sis. Same etymon. Fracture of a bone 
into a number of pieces. 
COMMISSURA, Articulation. 
Commissura Anterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
anterior, of the Brain. 
Commissu'ra Brevis. A lobule or prominence 
of the inferior vermiform process of the cerebel- 
lum, situate in the incisura posterior, below the 
horizontal fissure. 
Commissura Labiorum, Prostomia-c. Magna 
cerebri, Corpus callosum-c. Nervea, Syndesmo- 
sis-c. Ossium carnea, Syssarcosis. 
Commissura Posterior Cerebri, Commissure, 
posterior, of the Brain. 
Commissura Simplex. A small lobule or pro- 
minence of the superior vermiform process, near 
the incisura posterior of the cerebellum. 
COMMISSU'RAL; same etymon as commis- 
sure. Of or belonging to a commissure. 
COM'MISSURE, Commissu'ra, Compa'ges, 
Compagina'tio, Sym'physis, Sym'bole; from am- 
mitto, (con and mitto,) 'I join together.' A point 
of union between two parts : thus, the commis- 
sures of the eyelids, lips, <fcc., are the angles, 
which they form at the place of union. See 
Fibres, converging. 
Com'missure, Ante'rior, of the Brain, Com- 
missu'ra ante'rior cer'ebri, (F.) Commissure ante- 
rieure du cerveau. A small medullary fasciculus, 
situate transversely at the anterior part of the 
third ventricle, and uniting the two hemispheres. 
Commissure, Great, of the Brain, Commis- 
su'ra Magna Cer'ebri, (F.) Grande commissure du 
cerveau, which unites the two hemispheres for 
some extent, is the Corpus callo'sum. 
Commissure, Middle, of the Brain. A layer 
of gray substance uniting the thalami optici. 
Commissure, Oblique or Intercerebral, see 
Valvula Vieussenii - c. Optic, see Chiasmus. 
Commissure, Posterior, of the Brain, Com- 
missu'ra posterior cer'ebri. A medullary band, 
situate at the posterior part of the third or middle 
ventricle. 
Commissure of the Uvea, Ciliary ligament. 
COMMISSURE DE LA CHOROIDE, Cili- 
ary ligament. 
COMMO'SIS, from Kopfioui, 'I adorn.' The 
art of concealing natural deformities, as by paint- 
ing the face. See, also, Propolis. 
COMMO'TICE, in the older writers, meant the 
art of communicating factitious beauty to a per- 
son. Painting the face; Comopor'ia. 
COMMOTIO, Motion, Concussion-c. Cerebri, 
Concussion of the brain. COMMOTION 
COMMOTION, Concussion - c. du Cerveau, 
Concussion of the brain. 
COMMU'NICANS, from communis, 'common.' 
Conjun'gens. That which communicates or esta- 
blishes a communication. Communicant There 
are two Arterial Communican'tee, both within the 
cranium; - the one anterior, very short, and ex- 
tending transversely from one anterior cerebral 
artery to the other,-the other posterior, called 
also Communicant Willis'ii, which passes from 
the internal carotid to the posterior cerebral ar- 
tery. It is a branch of the basilary. 
Communicans Noni. A long slender nervous 
branch, formed by filaments from the first, second 
and third cervical nerves, which descends upon 
the outer side of the internal jugular vein, and 
forms a loop with the descendens noni over the 
sheath of the carotids. 
Communicans Peronei, see Communicans pop- 
litei. 
Communicans Poplite'i, C. tibia'lis (nervut.) 
A large nerve, which arises from the popliteal; 
and, at a variable distance below the articulation 
of the knee, receives the communicant peronei 
from the peroneal nerve, - the two forming the 
external saphenous nerve. 
Communicans Tibialis, Communicans poplitei. 
COMPACT, Compac'tus, from con and pangere, 
'to strike, to fix.' Solid, close. (F.) Compacte. 
The term Compact Tissue is given to the hardest 
and closest parts of bone. 
COMPAGES, Articulation, Commissure - c. 
Ossium per Lineam Simplicem, Harmony - c. 
Vertebrarum, Vertebral column. 
COMPAGINATIO, Commissure. 
COMPAS D'EPAISSEUR, see Pelvimeter. 
COMPASSIO, Sympathy. 
COMPEBA, Piper cubeba. 
COMPENSATION, Balancement. 
COMPEPER, Piper cubeba. 
COMPER'NIS; from con, andperna, 'a gam- 
mon of bacon with the leg on.' One who has his 
knees turned inwards. A case of distortion of 
the legs. 
COMPETENTIA MEMBRORUM OMNIUM, 
Symmetry. 
COMPLAINT, Disease. 
Complaint, Family, see Hereditary. 
COMPLEMENTAL AIR, see Respiration. 
COMPLEMENTARY AIR, see Respiration. 
COMPLETIO, Plethora. 
COMPLEX, Complex'us, from con, 'with,' and 
plectere, ' to twist.' Embracing several distinct 
things. Chaussier uses this term, in his anato- 
mical descriptions, for complicated. 
COMPLEXIO, Coition, Complexio, Confusio, 
Temperament. 
COMPLEXION, Complex'io. This is often 
employed, in English, for the colour of the face, 
as " He has a good complexion,"-a "sallow com- 
plexion," &c. It formerly had a more extensive 
signification, and still has in France. It signifies 
the aggregate of physical characters presented 
by any individual, considered with respect to his 
external arrangement or condition. It means 
more than constitution, for which it is used syno- 
nymously in many cases; and differs from tem- 
perament, which is less the external condition 
of the body than the state or disposition of the 
organs in health.-H. Cloquet 
COMPLEXES, Complex. 
Complexes Minor, Masto'ideus latera'lis, Tro- 
che' lo-mastoideus,(Y.)Trachelo-mastoidien, Muscle 
petit Complexus. It arises from the transverse 
processes of the last four cervical vertebras, and 
is inserted into the mastoid process. 
Complexes Mes'celes, Biven'ter Oervi'cis, 
Complexus Major, Dorso-trachelon-occipital, Tra- 
225 
COMPRESSION 
chUo-occipital (Ch.), (F.) Muscle grand complexus. 
A muscle, situate at the hind part of the neck, 
where it extends from the interval that separates 
the two prominent ridges on the posterior surface 
of the os occipitis to the transverse and articular 
processes of the last six cervical vertebrae, as 
well as to those of the first five dorsal. It serves 
to straighten, incline, and turn the head. 
COMPLICA'TION, Complica'tio, from con, 
'with,' and plicare, 'to fold.' In medicine, it 
means the presence of several diseases, morbi 
complica'ti seu perplex'i, or of several adventi- 
tious circumstances foreign to the primary disease. 
COMPOSIT"ION, Composit"io, from compo- 
nere, (con and ponere, ' to place ;' ' to place toge- 
ther.' Syn'thesis. The act of composing or com- 
pounding,-of medicines for example ; lamato- 
syntax'is. Also, the Compound, Compos'itum, or 
thing compounded. Likewise, a combination. 
COMPOSITUM, Compound. 
COMPOUND. Same etymology; to mix me- 
dicines. To mingle different ingredients into 
one whole. Used adjectiyely, compound signifies 
the result of the union of several medicinal 
agents, as " a compound medicine." 
COMPREHENSIO, Catalepsy. 
COMPRENSIO, Catalepsy. 
COM'PRESS, Compres'sa, Splenium, Spleniola, 
Splenis'cus, Pla'gula, Penicil'lum, Penic'ulum, 
from comprimere, (con, and premere, 'to press,') 
'to press together.' (F.) Compresse. Folded 
pieces of lint or rag, so contrived as, by the aid 
of a bandage, to make due pressure upon any 
part. According to their shape, direction, and. 
use, compresses have been called long ((F.) lon- 
guettes,) square (carries,) triangular, prismatic, 
graduated (graduees,) split (fenduet,) fenStrtes, 
criblees, croix de Malte, oblique, circular, divid- 
ing (dirisives,) uniting (unisautes,) cribriform, Ac. 
The Umschlag or compress of the hydropa- 
thists is a cloth, well wetted with cold water, 
applied to the surface near the supposed seat of 
disease, securely covered with a dry cloth, and 
changed as often as it becomes dry. It is some- 
times covered with a layer of oiled silk, to pre- 
vent evaporation. 
COMPRESSEUR DE DUPUYTREN, Com- 
pressor of Dupuytren - c. du Nez, Compressor 
nasi - c. de la Prostate, Compressor prostatae. 
COMPRESSIO, Compression, Thlipsis. 
COMPRES'SION, Compressio, Enerei' sis. 
Same etymology. Pressure; methodical com- 
pression. An agent frequently had recourse to 
in surgery. We compress a limb, affected with 
oedema,varices, by drops articuli, callous ulcer, Ac. 
The abdomen is compressed after delivery, after 
paracentesis abdominis, &c. The compression is 
produced by means of the roller, laced stocking, 
Ac., according to the part, and to the particular 
case. Moderate pressure aids the contractility 
of parts, and excites the action of the absorbents ; 
so that large tumours at times disappear after it 
has been used for some time. A greater degree 
of pressure occasions, still more, the emaciation 
of the part, but it is apt to impede the circula- 
tion. Pressure is often used to stop or moderate 
the flow of blood in cases of aneurism or wounds 
of arteries and veins. In such cases, the com- 
pression may be immediate, when applied upon 
the artery itself, or it may be mediate, when ap- 
plied through the integuments and soft parts. 
The French use the term Compression immediate 
lattrale for that which is exerted perpendicularly 
to the axis of a vessel, so as to flatten its sides. 
It is practised with the finger, forceps, tourniquet, 
compresses, Ac. 
Compres'sion OF THE Brain. This may arise 
either from coagula of blood, a soft tumour, a COMPRESSIVE 
bony excrescence, a depressed portion of the 
skull, or the presence of some foreign body. The 
effects vary, according as the compression takes 
place suddenly or gradually. When suddenly, 
the symptoms are of the comatose or apoplectic 
character. When gradually, mania, convulsions, 
<fcc., are more likely to occur. Compression, 
arising from a depressed portion of skull, requires 
the use of the trephine. 
COMPRES'SIVE, Compressi'vus. That which 
compresses. A compressive bandage is one that 
compresses the parts to which it is applied. 
COMPRES'SOR or COMPRESSO'RIUM OF 
DUPUYTREN, (F.) Compresseur de Dupuytren. 
An instrument for compressing the femoral ar- 
tery, invented by Dupuytren. It is constructed 
on the same principles as the tourniquet of J. L. 
Petit, from which it only differs in this respect;- 
that, instead of being maintained in its place by a 
strap, which always compresses more or less the 
circumference of the limb, the two pads are placed 
at the extremities of a semicircle of steel, which, by 
passing from one to the other without touching 
the parts, limits the pressure to two opposite 
points of the thigh, and permits the collateral 
circulation to go on. 
Compressor Naris, Jleneg'ns, Nasa'lis, Trans- 
versa'lis Nasi, Myrtiform'is, Dilatato'res ala'rum 
nasi, Constric'tor Nasi, C. Na'rium, C. Naris, 
Triangula'ris Nasi, (F.) Maxillo-narinal, Sus- 
maxillo-nasal, - (Ch.,) Compresseur du nez, 
Transversal du nez. A muscle, situate at the sides 
of the nose ; flat and triangular. It arises from 
the inner part of the fossa canina, and passes to 
the dorsum of the nose; where it is confounded 
with that of the opposite side. 
Compressor or Constrictor of Nuck. An 
instrument for compressing the urethra, to ob- 
viate incontinence of urine. It consists of a 
girdle of iron, which surrounds the pelvis, to 
which is fixed a plate of the same metal, that 
compresses the urethra in perinoeo. 
Compressor Pros'tata:, Prost at' icus supe- 
rior, P ubio-prostat'icus, Sub -pubio-prostat' icus, 
(F.) Compresseur de la prostate. A muscle, ad- 
mitted by Albinus, which is formed of the ante- 
rior fibres of the Levator ani, that embrace the 
prostate. It is the Prostat'icus supe'rior of 
Winslow. 
Compres'sor A muscle consisting 
of two portions-one of which is transverse in its 
direction, and, in consequence of its having been 
particularly described by Mr. Guthrie, has been 
called Guthrie's muscle. It arises from the ramus 
of the ischium, and passes inwards to embrace 
the membranous urethra. The other portion is 
perpendicular, descending from the pubis and 
passing down to be inserted into the transverse 
portion of the muscle. This portion has been 
considered by many to be only the anterior fibres 
of the levator ani; and having been described 
by Mr. Wilson, it has been called Wilson's muscle. 
Compressor Venje Dorsa'lis Penis. A small 
muscle, distinctly seen in animals, less distinctly 
in man, which arises from the ramus of the pubis, 
and ascending in a direction forwards is inserted 
above the vena dorsalis, joining with its fellow 
of the opposite side on the mesial line. Its use 
is supposed to compress the vein in erection. It 
is sometimes called the muscle of Houston, after 
Dr. Houston of Dublin. 
COMPRESSORIUM, Compressor. 
COMPTO'NIA ASPLENIFO'LIA, Liquidam'- 
bar peregri'na, L. asplenifo'Ha, Myo'ica aspleni- 
fo'lia, Sweet Fern, Shrubby Sweet Fern, Sweet 
bush, Fern bush, Fern gale, Spleenicort bush, 
Meadow fern, Astringent root. An indigenous 
>hrubby plant, which grows in sandy or stony 
226 
CONCHA 
woods from New England to Virginia. It pos- 
sesses tonic and astringent properties, and is used 
as a domestic remedy in diarrhoea, &c., in the 
form of decoction. 
COMPUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncturing. 
CONJESTHESIS, Coenaesthesis. 
CONARIUM, Pineal gland. 
CONATUS, Effort. 
CONCARNATIO, Syssarcosis. 
CONCASSER, (F.), from conquassare, (eon, 
and quaseare, 'to shake much,') 'to break to 
pieces;' 'to comminute.' To reduce roots, woods, 
<fcc. into small fragments, in order that their ac- 
tive principles may be more readily separated 
from them. 
CONCAU'SA, Concaus'sa, Synce'tion. A cause 
which co-operates with another, in the produc- 
tion of disease. 
CONCAVITAS CONCHULARIS CEREBRI, 
Infundibulum of the brain. 
CONCAVUM PEDIS, Sole. 
CONCENTRAN'TIA, from con and centrum, 
' a centre.' A name once given to absorbents of 
CONCENTRA'TION. Concentra'tio. A word 
sometimes used, in medical theories, to express 
an afflux of fluids, or a convergence of sensibility 
or of vital force, towards an organ. It is applied, 
also, to the pulsation of arteries, when not easily 
felt under the finger. 
POULS CONCENTRE, (F.) A term ap- 
plied by the French to a pulse of the above 
character. 
CONCEPTACULA SEMINARIA, Vesicul® 
seminarian. 
CONCEPTACULUM, Uterus, Vessel. 
CONCEPTIO, Conception - c. Vitiosa, Preg- 
nancy. extra-uterine. 
CONCEP'TION, Concep'tio, Concep'tus, Cye'- 
eis, Syllep'sis, Androlep'sia, from concipio, (con 
and capio,) ' I conceive.' The impregnation of 
the ovum by the positive contact of the male 
sperm, whence results a new being. The whole 
subject of conception is most mysterious. It 
seems to occur as follows. During the sexual 
union, the male sperm passes along the uterus 
and Fallopian tubes: the fimbriated extremities 
of the latter seize hold of the ovarium; and the 
sperm in this manner comes in contact with a 
maturated ovum, and impregnates it. The fe- 
cundated ovum remains some time in the ovarium, 
but at length bursts its covering, is laid hold of 
by the fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian 
tube, and passes along the tube into the cavity 
of the uterus, where it remains for the full period 
of utero-gestation. Some are of opinion, that 
the ovum is not impregnated until it has entered 
the Fallopian tubes, or uterus. 
Concep'tion, False, Falsus Concep'tus, Spu'- 
rium germen, (F.) Fau88e conception, Faux germe. 
An irregular, preternatural conception, the result 
of which is a mole or some similar production, 
instead of a properly organized foetus. See Mole. 
CONCEP'TUS. The first rudiments of the 
foetus, after conception. Also, conception. 
Conceptus Falsus, Conception, false. 
CONCHA, Conch us. A liquid measure, 
amongst the Athenians, equal to half an ounce. 
Anatomists apply this term to several hollow 
parts of the body ;-as the Concha of the Ear,- 
Concha Auris, Concha Auric'ula ; (F.) Conque- 
the hollow part of the cartilage of the external 
ear. It has, also, been applied to the genital 
organs of the female; to the patella, &c. 
Concha, Patella, Turbinated bone (middle,) 
Vulva - c. Auris interna, Cochlea-c. Cerebri, 
Infundibulum of the brain-c. Genu, Patella-c. 
Inferior, Turbinated bone, (inferior) - c. Laby- CONCHAE NARIUM 
rinthi, Cochlea - c. Morgagniana, Turbinated 
bone, (superior)-c. Narium superior, Turbinated 
bone, (superior). 
CONCHAE NARIUM, Turbinated_bones. 
CONCHA'RUM ANTIFEBRI'LE. A febri- 
fuge and sudorific preparation in Bates's Pharma- 
copoeia. It was composed of vinegar, mussel- 
shells. and water of Carduus benedictus. 
CONCHO-HELIX. A small, fleshy, fascicu- 
lus, attached to the concha of the ear and helix. 
It is also called the small muscle of the helix. 
CONCHUS, Concha. The cranium. In the 
plural, it means the orbitar cavities.-Castelli. 
Conchus Oculi, Orbit. 
CONCHYLIA. Turbinated bones. 
CONCIDENTIA, Collapse. 
CONCILIA CORPORALIA, Coitus. 
CONCIL'IUM. A milky plant, referred to by 
Pliny as aphrodisiac and antiphthisical. Adanson 
considers it to be a Campanula. 
CONCOC'TED, Concoc'tus, Matura'tus, Pepei'- 
rus; from con and coquere, 'to boil.' Brought to 
maturity; ripe ; concocted; digested. 
CONCOCTIO, Coction-c. Tarda, Dyspepsia. 
CONCOCTION, Coction. 
CON CO MH HE ORDINAIRE, Cucumis sati- 
vus-c. Sauvage, Momordica elaterium. 
CONCOMITANS, Concomitant. 
CONCOM'ITANT, Concom'itans, from con and 
comitare, (itself from comire, - cum and ire,} 'to 
go with.' That which accompanies. A symptom 
which accompanies others. 
CONCREMATIO, Calcination. 
CONCREMENTA ZOOHYLICA, see Zoo- 
hyliea. 
CONCREMENTUM, Concretion. 
CONCR ETIO, Adherence, Concretion - c. 
Palpebrarum cum bulbo oculi, Symblepharosis. 
CONCRE'TION, C'oncre'tfo, Concr emen' turn, 
from concrescerc, (con and crescere,) ' to condense, 
thicken, become solid :' Pexis, Sympex'is, 
The act of becoming thick or solid. 
It was once used synonymously with adhesion or 
growing together, - as, "concretion of the toes." 
Most commonly, it is applied to extraneous and 
inorganic bodies, of a solid character, met with 
in different textures, after certain chronic inflam- 
mations ; or which make their appearance in the 
joints or in the reservoirs for excrementitial fluids. 
Concretion is, therefore, frequently synonymous 
with Calculus, and is then rendered, in Latin, by the 
word Concrement urn. But Concretion has a more 
extensive signification than Calculus; thus, acci- 
dental ossifications or deposits of phosphate of lime 
in certain organs, and especially in the liver and 
lungs, are properly called osseous concretions. 
They could not well be called osseous calculi. 
Concretion, Fibrinous, Sanguineous, Po- 
lypiform, or Polypus, of the Heart, see Poly- 
pus-c. Intestinalis, Calculus of the Stomach and 
Intestines. 
CONCRETIONES ALVINAE, Calculi of the 
stomach and intestines. 
CONCUBITUS, Coition-c. Venereus, Coition. 
CONCUR'SUS, from concurrere, (con, and cur- 
rere, oursum, 'to run,') 'to meet together,' Syn'- 
drome. The congeries or collection of symptoms, 
which constitute and distinguish a particular dis- 
ease. 
CONCUS'SION, Commo'tion, from concutio, 
(con and quatere, 'to shake,') 'I shake together.' 
Concus'sio, Thlasma Concus'sio, Commo'tio, Ana- 
sis'mus, Tinagmus, (F.) Commotion. In Surgery, 
it is used for the agitation often communicated to 
one organ by a fall upon another; as to the brain 
from a fall on the breech, Ac. 
In all severe injuries; in sudden encephalic 
hemorrhage, and in overwhelming emotions, a 
227 
CONDUIT 
concussion or shock is felt to a greater or less ex- 
tent in the nervous system, which requires the 
careful attention of the physician. 
Concussion of the Brain, Commo'tio Cer'ebri, 
Apoplex'ia nervo'sa traumat'ica, Encephalosis'- 
mus, (F.) Commotion du Cerveau, sometimes gives 
rise to alarming symptoms, even to abolition of 
the functions of the brain, yet without any sen- 
sible organic disease. Slight concussion of the 
brain, called stunning, consists in vertigo, tinnitus 
aurium, loss of memory, and stupefaction; all 
these being temporary. When more severe, there 
is instant loss of sensation and volition, vomiting, 
the patient being as if in a sound sleep, but there 
is no stertorous breathing. Pulse variable, gene- 
rally more rapid and feeble than in compression; 
extremities cold. Little can be done here, till 
reaction has occurred: after this, the case must 
be treated according to general principles, - by 
bleeding, blisters, cold applied to the head, &c. 
After severe concussion, a patient, although ap- 
parently well, is not safe till some time after the 
accident. 
CONDENSAN'TIA, from con and densus, 
'dense;' Incrassan'tia. Medicines esteemed 
proper for inspissating the humours. 
CONDENSATIO, Condensation, Stegnosis. 
CONDENSATION, Condensa'tio, Inspissa'tio. 
Increase in density of the blood and other liquids, 
or of the solids, which enter into the composition 
of the human body. 
CONDENSER, see Alembic. 
Conden'ser, Liebig's. A distillatory arrange- 
ment, invented by Liebig, in which the tube con- 
veying the vapour is made to pass through an- 
other tube, the calibre of which is such as to 
leave a space between the two, through which a 
stream of water may be made to run. 
CON'DIMENT. Cbndtmen'twin, Ar'tynnr, He- 
dys'ma, Conditu'ra, from condire, 'to season.' 
(F.) Assaissonnement. Some substances are called, 
at times, aliments, and at others, condiments, ac- 
cording as they constitute the basis or the acces- 
sory to any dish : sueh are cream, butter, mush- 
rooms, olives, &c. Others are always condiments, 
as they are only used to improve the savour of 
food, and contain but little nutritive matter. Sueh 
are pepper, salt, cinnamon, <fcc. Almost all con- 
diments are possessed of stimulant properties. 
CONDIT, Confection. 
CONDI'TUM, same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
tical compound of wine, honey, and some aro- 
matics, especially pepper. Also, a confection. 
CONDITURA CADAVERUM, Embalming. 
CONDOM, Armour, (F.) Bawlruche, Redin- 
gote Anglaise, Gant des Dames, Calotte d'assur 
ance. The intestinum emeum of a sheep, soaked 
for some hours in water, turned inside out, ma 
cerated again in weak, alkaline ley, - changed 
every twelve hours, and scraped carefully to ab- 
stract the mucous membrane, leaving the perito 
neal and muscular coats exposed to the vapour of 
burning brimstone, and afterwards washed with 
soap and water. It is then blown up, dried, cut 
to the length of seven or eight inches, and bor- 
dered at the open end with a riband. It is drawn 
over the penis prior to coition, to prevent vene- 
real infection and pregnancy. 
CONDUCTIO, Tonic spasm. Convulsion. 
CONDUCTION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
Sound. 
CONDUC'TOR, Dircc'tor, Itinera'rium, (F.) 
Conducteur ; from con, 'with,' and ducere, 'to 
lead.' That which conducts. The Conductor was 
an instrument, formerly used in the high opera- 
tion for the stone, for directing the forceps into 
the bladder. 
CONDUIT, Canal - c. Audit If externe, Audi- CONDUITS 
tory canal, external-c. Auditif interne, Auditory 
canal, internal - c. Auriculaire, Auditory canal, 
external-c. Choledoque, Choledoch duct-c. De- 
firent, Deferens-c. d'Eustache, Eustachian tube 
-c. Gutturals de I'oreille, Eustachian tube-c. La- 
byrinthique, Auditory canal, internal - c. Ptiry- 
9<* dien, Pterygoid canal-c. Sousorbitaire, Sub- 
orbitar canal - c. Spermatique, Deferens (vas)- 
c. Thoracique, Thoracic duct-c. Vidien, Ptery- 
goid canal. 
CONDUITS ADIPEUX, Fatty canals -c. 
Aqueux, see Aqueous - c. Aveugles de Vuretlrre, 
see Cmcus-c. Dentaires, Dental canals-c. Eja- 
culateurs, Ejaculatory ducts-c. Lacrymaux, La- 
chrymal ducts-c. Lactiferes, Lactiferous vessels 
-c. Nourriciers, Canals, nutritive-c. Nutriciers, 
Canals, nutritive. 
CONDYLARTIIRO'SIS, from Kovivhos, 'a con- 
dyle,' and apdoov, 'a joint.' Articulation by con- 
dyles. An elongated head or condyle, received 
into an elliptical cavity. 
CON'DYLE, Con'dyle, Con'dylus, Capit'nlum, 
from KovduXoj, 'a knot, eminence.' An articular 
eminence, round in one direction, flat in the other. 
A kind of process, met with more particularly in 
the ginglymoid joints;-such as the condyles of 
the occipital, inferior maxillary bone, <fcc. Some 
anatomists have applied the term, however, to 
eminences that are not articular,-as to the late- 
ral tuberosities at the inferior extremity of the os 
humeri, and even to certain depressions, - as to 
the concave articular surfaces at the upper extre- 
mity of the tibia. Chaussier calls the transverse 
root of the zygomatic process Condyle of the tem- 
poral bone. 
CONDYLI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges 
of the fingers. 
COND YLIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
CONDYLIUS, Condyloid. 
CON'DYLOTD, Condylo'i'deus, Condylo'des, 
Condyl'ius, from KovivXof, a ' condyle,' and uios, 
'shape.' Having the shape of a condyle. 
Condyloid Foram'ina, Foram'ina Condyloidea, 
(F.) Trous condylo'idiens, Fosses condylo'idiinnes. 
These are distinguished into anterior and poste- 
rior. They are four in number, seated in the 
occipital bone;-two anterior, and two posterior 
to the condyles or condyloid processes of the 
same bone, and to depressions, which are called 
Fossa Condyloidea. 
As the word Condylo'idien means-' that which 
has the shape of a condyle,'-it has been judi- 
ciously proposed by some French anatomists that 
condylien should be used in preference, in the 
case of the foramina and fossae. 
GONDYLOIDIEN, see Condyloid Foramina. 
CONDYLO'MA, Condylo'sis, Con'dylus, Ver- 
ru'ca camo'sa, from xordvAoj, ' a knot,' ' an emi- 
nence.' A soft, fleshy excrescence, of an indolent 
character, which appears near the orifice of the 
genital organs and rectum, and occasionally on 
the fingers and toes. It is a consequence of the 
syphilitic virus. Such tumours are also called 
Dermophq'mata vene'rea. 
CONDYLOSIS, Condyloma. 
CONDYLUS, Condyloma. 
CONESSI CORTEX, Nerium antidysenteri- 
cum. 
CONFEC'TIO, C'on/ec'ti'on, from conficio, {con, 
and facere, ' to make,') ' I make up.' Alig'ulus, 
(F.) Confiture, Condit. In general it means any 
thing made up or preserved with sugar. In the 
late London Pharmacopoeias, it includes the arti- 
cles before called electuaries and conserves. Con- 
fec'tio or Confec'tum also means Confectionary. 
Confectio Alkermes, Alkermes. 
Confectio Amygdala'rum, Almond Confection, 
Almond Paste, Pasta re'gia, P. Amygdali'na, 
228 
CONFECTIO 
Pasta Emulsi'va, Buty'rvm Amygdala'rum Dul'- 
ciwn, (F.) Confection d' Amandes. (Sweet almonds, 
3j ; yum acacia, 3.j j white sugar, giv. Blanch 
the almonds, and beat into a paste.) A good 
mode of keeping almonds in a state fit for making 
emulsions. 
Confectio Archig"eni, C. Pauli'na. (Castor, 
long pepper, black peyrner, storax, galbanum, 
costus, opium, of each Ijss; saffron, gij ; syrup 
of wormwood, It was much recommended 
as a stimulant in nervous affections. 
Confectio Aromat'ica, Electua'rium Aromat'- 
icum, C. Cardi'aca, C. Raleigha'na, Aromatic 
Confection, Sir Walter Raleigh's Cordial. The 
following is the Ph. U. S. formula. (Pulv. aromat. 
erect, in pulv. syrup, aurant. ; 
Mel despumat. gij. Rub the aromatic powder 
with the saffron ; then add the syrup and honey, 
and beat together until thoroughly mixed.) Dose, 
9j to S- 
Confectio Aurantio'rum, C. Auran'tii Cor'- 
ticis, (Ph. U. S.), Conser'va Cor'ticum Aurantio'- 
rum, C. Cor'ticis Exterio'ris Aurantii Hispalen'- 
sis, C. Flaved'inis Corticum Aurantiorum Uispa- 
len'sium, Conser'va Aurantii, C. Citri Aurantii, 
Confection of the Orange, Conserve of Orange 
Peel. ( Yellow part of the peel of the orange, tbj ; 
rectified sugar, ibiij; beat into a conserve.) It is 
stomachic, and an agreeable vehicle, corrigent, 
and adjuvant for other remedies. Dose, §ss. 
Confectio Cardiaca, Confectio aromatica. 
Confectio Cas'sl®, Electua'rium Cassia Fis'- 
tula>, E. Cassia, E. e Cassia, E. laxati'vum, Con- 
serva Cassice, Electuariwn Cassia tamarinda'turn 
seu leniti'vum, Electua'rium e Cassia, Diacas'sia 
cumMannd, Cassia Confection. (Cassia pulp, Ibss; 
manna, ; tamarind pulp, i;j ; syrup of roses, 
Ibss. Bruise the manna, dissolve by heat, mix 
the pulp, and evaporate.) It is gently laxative. 
Dose, £ss. 
Confectio Damocratis, Mithridate. 
Confectio Hamec,-so called from an Arabian 
physician, - was composed of the bark of the 
yellow myrobalans, black myrobalans, violets, pulp 
of colocynth, polypodium of the oak, leaves of 
wormwood, thyme, aniseed, fennel, red roses, pulps 
of prunes, raisins, sugar, honey, senna, rhubarb, 
Ac. It was used as a purgative in glysters. 
Confectio IIyacin'thi, Hy'acinth Confection, 
Electua'rinm seu Confer'tio de Croeo emenda'ta 
olim dicta de hyacin'this, (Ph. P.) A tonic and 
slightly astringent confection, composed, accord- 
ing to Baume, of terra sigillata, crab's stones, 
cinnamon, leaves of the dittany of Crete, myrrh, 
saffron, syrup of lemon, camphor, Narbonne honey, 
oil of lemon, Ac.: and formerly the hyacinth was 
added, whenee its name. 
Confectio O'pii, Electua'rium Opia'tum, Con- 
fectio Opia'ta, Philo'nium Londinen'se, Theriaca 
Edinen'sis, Philo'nium Roma'num, Electua'rium 
Theba'icum. Opium Confection, (Opium, in pow- 
der, givss; Pulv. aromat. Mel despumat. 
mix thoroughly. One grain of opium in 
36: - Ph. U. 8.) It is narcotic and stimulant. 
Dose, gr. x to 7)j. 
Confectio Paulina, Confectio Archigeni - c. 
ex Capitibus papaveris, Diacodium. 
Confectio Pip'eris Nigri, Ward's Paste for 
Fis'tula. (Elack peyrper, elecampane root, each 
tbj ; fennel seed, ibiij ; white sugar, ibij.) Dose, 
size of a nutmeg, three or four times a day. 
Confectio Raleighana, Confectio aromatica. 
Confectio Rosa! Cani'NjE, Conser'va Rosa 
Cani'noe, Conserva Cynos'bati, C. Cynor'rhodi, 
Rob Cynos'batos, Confection or Conserve of Dog 
Rose. (Pulp of dog rose, tbj ; sugar, In- 
corporate. Ph. L.) It is chiefly used as a vehicle 
for other remedies. CONFECTION 
Confectio Ros.e, C. Rosa Gal'lica, Conser'va 
Rosa Gal'lica, Conserva Rosa, C. Florum Rosa'- 
rum Rubra'rum, C. Florum Rosa Rubra, Rho- 
dosac'charum, Sac'charum Rosa' ceum, C. Rosa 
Rubra, Confection of the Red Rose. [Red roses, 
in powder, giv ; Sugar, in powder, 5xxx ; Clari- 
fied honey, ; Rose water, f3viij. Rub the 
roses with the rose water at a boiling heat; then 
add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat 
until thoroughly mixed. - Ph. U. S.) It is 
astringent, and chiefly used as a vehicle for other 
remedies. 
Confectio Rutj?, Confection of Rue. [Rue 
leaves dried, carraway seeds, bay berries, of each 
sagapenum, fiiv; black pepper, ; honey, 
gxvj ; Mix.) It is given in clysters, as an an- 
tispasmodic and carminative. 
Confectio de San'talis, Confection of the 
Sanders, (F.) Confection de Sandaux. [Sandal 
wood, red coral, bole armeniac, terra sigillata, 
kermes berries, tormentil root, dittany, saffron, 
myrtle, red roses, calcined hartshorn, and cloves.) 
It was formerly used as an astringent. 
Confectio Scammo'nia:, Electua'rium Scammo'- 
nii, Electuarium e Scammo'nio, Caryocostinum, 
Confection of Scam'mony. [Powdered scammony, 
; bruised cloves, powdered ginger, aa ; 
oil of carraway, ; syrup of roses, q. s.) A 
stimulating cathartic. Dose, gss to 
Confectio Senna:, Electua'rium Cassia Senna, 
E. Senna cum Pulpis, E. Senna compos'itum, 
Renedic'tum Laxati'vum, Electuarium ape'riens, 
E. cathol'icum commu'ne, E. diapru'num, E. ecco- 
prot'icuin, E. Senna, E. e Senna, E. leniti'vum, 
Confection of Senna, &c. [Senna leaves, §viij; 
figs, tbj ; tamarind pulp, cassia pulp, pulp of 
French prunes, each tbss; coriander seed, ijiv; 
liquorice root, sugar, tbiiss; water, Oiv. 
Rub the senna and coriander together : separate 
10 ounces of the powder with a sieve; boil the 
residue with the tigs and liquorice root in the 
water to one-half; press out the liquor and strain. 
Evaporate the liquor by means of a water bath 
to a pint and a half; add the sugar, and form a 
syrup. Rub the pulps with the syrup, gradually 
added; throw in the sifted powder, and beat till 
thoroughly mixed.-Ph. U.S.) It is a laxative, 
and is used in habitual constipation, and in con- 
stipation during pregnancy. Dose, 3Jss to 5ss. 
Confectio de There, Frank'incense Confec- 
tion, (F.) Confection d'Encens. A compound of 
coriander seeds, nutmeg, thus, liquorice, mastich, 
cubebs, prepared hartshorn, conserve of red roses, 
sugar, Ac. 
CONFECTION, Confectio-c. d' Amandes, Con- 
fection, almond-c. d'Encens, Confectio de Thure 
-c. Frankincense, Confectio de Thure-c. of the 
Orange, Confectio aurantiorum - c. of the Red 
rose, Confectio ros® Gallic®-c. of Rue, Confec- 
tio rut®-c. de Sandaux, Confectio de santalis- 
c. of the Sanders, Confectio de santalis. 
CONFECTUM, Confection. 
CONFERVA IIELMINTHOCORTOS, Coral- 
lina Corsicana. 
Confer'va Riva'lis. This species of River 
Weed has been recommended in cases of spas- 
modic asthma, phthisis, Ac. 
CONFIRMANTIA, Tonics. 
CONFIRMED, Consummatus. 
CONFITURE, Confection. 
CONFLUENT, (7on'/7i<cns, from con, and flu- 
e-re, ' to flow.' An epithet for certain exanthe- 
matous affections, in which the pimples, pustules, 
Ac., run together. It is particularly applied to 
small-pox. so circumstanced. Some authors have 
called scarlatina or scarlet fever Confluent Measles, 
Morbil'li Confiuen'tes. 
229 
CONGENITAL 
CONFLUENT DES SINUS, Torcular Hero- 
phili. 
CONFLUEN'TIA, Con feeder a'tio ; same ety- 
mon as Confluent. A term, employed by Para- 
celsus to express the concordance between a dis- 
ease and its remedies. 
CONFLUXIO, Sympathy. 
CONFffiDERATIO, Confluentia. 
CONFORMATIO, Conformation, Structure. 
CONFORMA'TION, Conforma'tio, Diap'lasia, 
Diaplas'mus, Structure, from conformare, (con, 
and formare, ' to form,') ' to arrange,' ' dispose.' 
The natural disposition or arrangement of the 
body. 
Faulty conformation, (F.) Vice de conformation, 
is vice of original formation ; existing, of course, 
from birth. In French surgery, Conformation is 
used synonymously with Coaptation, and both it, 
Diaplasis and Anaplasia mean, also, restoration 
to the original form-as in fractures, <fcc. 
CONFORTANTIA, Tonics. 
CONFORTATIVA, Tonics. 
CONFOHTEIi (F.), Confirma're, Conforta're, 
Corrobora're. To make stronger - to give en- 
ergy. Conforter I'estomac, ' to strengthen the 
stomach.' 
CONFRICA'TION, Confrica'tio, from confri- 
care, (con, andfricare,) 'to rub.' The action of 
reducing a friable substance to powder, by rub- 
bing it between the fingers; and of expressing 
the juice of a plant with the hand. 
CONFRICA'TRIX, from con, 'with,' and fri- 
care, ' to rub.' A female who practises mastur- 
bation. 
CONFU'SJE FEBRES. Intermittents, whose 
paroxysms are irregular and confused.-Bellini. 
CONFU'SIO, from confundo, (con and fundere, 
'to pour,') 'I mix together;' Syn'chisis. A dis- 
ease of the eye, which consists in the mixture of 
the humours. - Galen. In modern times, Syn- 
chysis has been applied to a morbid state of the 
vitreous body, in which it is reduced to a difflu- 
ent condition. It has, also, been used synony- 
mously with Complexio, 
CONFUSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the 
mind. 
CONGEE DISCHARGES, Rice-water dis- 
charges. 
CONGELANTIA, Congelativa. 
CONGELATIO, Catalepsy. 
CONGELA'TION, Congela'tio, Conglacia'tio, 
Gela'tio, from congelo, (con and gelare,) ' I con- 
geal,' ' I freeze.' The action of congealing, of 
passing to the solid state by the abstraction of 
heat; as congelation of water, mercury, &c. The 
term had onee other acceptations. 1. It was sy- 
nonymous with concretion. 2. With coagulation, 
in which sensezit is still occasionally employed. 
3. The ancients called all diseases, produced by 
cold, congelations, as well as those in which there 
was a kind of stupor or torpor-particularly cata- 
lepsy. Also, Frostbite. 
CONGELATI'VA MEDICAMEN'TA, Con- 
glutinan'tia, Congelan'tia. Medicines, considered 
capable of uniting or consolidating wounds, &c. 
CON'GENER, Congen'erous, from con, ' with,' 
and genus, 'kind.' (F.) Conginire. Of the same 
kind or species. Resembling each other in some 
manner. When applied to muscles, it means, 
that they concur in the same action; in opposi- 
tion to the word or that which acts in 
an opposite direction. 
In France Congtnires is applied to those who 
join in the dissection of the same subject. 
CONGENIALIS, Congenital. 
C0NGENIT2E NOTAJ, Ntevus. 
CONGEN'ITAL, Con'genite, Congenia'lis, Con- 
gen'itus, Syngen'icus, from con, 'with,' and geni- CONGESTED 
fan, 'begotten.' (F.) Congenial ou Congenital. 
Diseases which infants have at birth: hence, 
Congenital affections are those that depend on 
faulty conformation; as congenital hernia, conge- 
nital cataract, &c. See Connate. 
CONGESTED, Hypersemic. 
CONGESTIO, Congestion - c. Abdominalis, 
Cceliaemia- c. Pectoris, Stethaemia- c. Pulmo- 
num, Stethaemia-c. Sanguinis, Congestion. 
CONGES'TION, Conges'tio, Rhope, from con- 
gerere, ' to amass, ' accumulate,' &c. Symph' ora, 
Harmatepago'ge,Hcematosymphore' sisffTcematosyn- 
ago'ge, Hcemorme'sis, Symphore'ma, Symphore'sis, 
Synathrois' mus, Synathroe'sis, Sanguinis Conges'- 
tio, Engorgement. Accumulation of blood - hy- 
percemia-in an organ. It is an important symp- 
tom in febrile and other disorders. It may arise 
either from an extraordinary flow of blood by the 
arteries, or from a difficulty in the return of blood 
to the heart by the veins. More often, perhaps, 
it is owing to the latter cause, and is termed ve- 
nous congestion, stasis or stagnation - being not 
unusually attended with symptoms of oppression 
and collapse. 
Congestion of the Abdomen, Coeliaemia-c. 
of the Brain, Stethaemia-c. Certbrale, Cephalo- 
haernia-c. du Cerveau, Cephalohiemia-c. of the 
Lungs, Stethaemia-c. des Poumons, Stethaemia- 
c. Sanguine rachidienne, Hypermyelohaemia. 
CONGESTIVE FEVER, see Fever, congestive. 
CONGLACIATIO, Congelation. 
CONGLO'BATE,C'ongdofta'tus, from conglobare, 
(con, and globus, 'a ball,') 'to collect,' 'to gather 
into a ball.' (F.) Con globe. 
Conglobate Gland, Glan'dula congloba'ta, 
Glandula Muco'sa, Hydraden, Globate gland, 
Lymphat'ic gan'glion, (F.) Glande Conglobee, 
Ganglion lymphatique. A round body, formed 
of lymphatic vessels, connected together by cel- 
lular structure, but having neither a cavity nor 
excretory duct. The mesenteric, inguinal and 
axillary glands are of this class. 
CONGLOBti, Conglobate. 
CONGLOMERATE, Couglomera'tus, from con, 
and glomerare, 'to gather in a heap.' Glom' erate, 
Glomera'tus, (F.) Conglomtre. Heaped together. 
Conglom'erate Glands, Gian'dulce conglome- 
ra'trp., Gian'dulce vasculo'sce, are those whose 
lobules are united under the same membrane ; 
as the liver, kidney, testicle. &c. 
CONGLOMERATIC INl'ESTINORUM, Epi- 
ploce intestinalis. 
CONGLUTINANTIA, Congelativa. 
CONGRES, (F.) Congress, Congres'sus, from 
eongredi, congressus, (con, and gradi, 'to go,') 
' to go together.' This term, which has often 
been used synonymously with Coition, means, 
also, the ocular proof, formerly ordered by judi- 
cial authority, in the presence of surgeons and 
matrons, to test the impotence or capabilities of 
parties;-a most unsatisfactory and indecent ex- 
hibition. It was forbidden by the Parliament 
of Paris in the year 1667. 
CONGRESSUS, Coition. 
CONI VASCULO'SI. Conical bundles, formed 
by the vasa efferentia of the testis; having their 
base towards the epididymis, into the tube of 
which they enter. 
CONIA, Kovta. A wine, prepared by ferment- 
ing the must of the grape on tar previously washed 
in sea-water.-Orfila. See, also, Lixivium. 
CONIASIS, Incrustation. 
CONIOSTOSIS, Pulverization, 
CONIS, Pulvis. 
CONISTERIUM, Apodyterium. 
CONI'UM, C. macula' turn, Corian'drum macu- 
la'tum, Cicuta major sen macula'ta seu Stoerltii, 
Abi'otes, Cicuta terres'tiis, Cicuta major fce'tida, 
CONNECTICUT 
C. vulga'ris, Common Hemloci'., Hemlock, Poison 
parsley, Spotted parsley, (F.) Cigu'e ordinaire, C. 
grande. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. 
Pentandria Digynia. The leaves and seeds are 
narcotic and poisonous in an over-dose. Light 
destroys the virtues of the leaves; and, therefore, 
the powder should be kept in opaque bottles, well 
corked. It has been used as a palliative in cancer 
and other painful affections; but is not equal to 
opium.. Externally, it has been applied in fo- 
mentation to cancerous and scrofulous ulcers. 
Dose, gr. ij to x. 
J)a'vidson's Remedy for Cancer is said to con- 
sist of powdered hemlock and arsenious acid. 
Conium Moscha'tum, Aracacha. A very agree- 
able and nutritive kind of tuberous vegetable, in 
flavour not unlike celery, which grows on the 
coast of Peru, but is more abundant on the pro- 
jecting ridges of the Cordilleras, and on the east- 
ern declivity of the Andes. It is cooked by being 
either simply boiled in water, or made into a kind 
of soup.-Tschudi. 
CONJUNCTIVE, Conjunctiva. 
C0NJ0NCT1VITE, see Ophthalmia-c. Blen- 
norrhaqique, see Ophthalmia. 
CON JUG A ISON, Conjugation. 
CONJUGATION, Conjuga'tio, from conjugare, 
(con, and jugum, 'a yoke,') 'to yoke together.' 
(F.) Conjugaison. Assemblage, union,- Conju'- 
giitm. 
Conjugatio'nis Foram'ina, (F.) Trout de con- 
jugaison. The apertures at the sides of the spine, 
formed by the union of the notches of the verte- 
brae. They give passage to the nerves of the 
spinal marrow, and to the vessels which enter or 
issue from the vertebral canal. 
CONJUGIUM, Coition. Conjugation. 
CONJUNC'TI (MORBI), from conjungere, 
(con and jungere,) 'to join together.' Diseases 
joined together. Authors have distinguished 
two kinds of these: one, in which the diseases 
go on simultaneously-morbi connex'i; the other, 
in which they succeed each other-morbi conse- 
quen'tes. 
CONJUNCTIO, Articulation. 
CONJUNCTIVA. CUTICULAR, Xerophthal- 
mia-c. Granular, Trachoma. 
Conjuncti'va Membra'na, Circumcaula'lis, 
Epipeph'ycos, Tu'nica agna'ta, Tu'nica adna'ta, 
T. conjuncti'va, Tunda oe'uli, (F.) Conjonctive, 
Membrane adnle. A mucous membrane, so called 
because it unites the globe of the eye with the 
eyelids. It covers the anterior surface of the eye, 
the inner surface of the eyelids, and the caruncula 
lachrymalis. It possesses great general sensibi- 
lity. communicated to it by the fifth pair. 
CONJUNCTIVITIS, Ophthalmia -c. JEgyp- 
tiaca, Ophthalmia, purulent-c. Blennorrhagica, 
see Ophthalmia - c. Catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, 
catarrhal - c. Gonorrhoica, see Ophthalmia - c. 
Puro-mucosa catarrhalis, Ophthalmia, catarrhal 
-c. Puro-mucosa contagiosa vel ASgyptiaca, Oph- 
thalmia. purulent. 
CONJUNGENS, Communicans. 
CONNATE, from con and natus, 'born with.' 
Connate Diseases, (F.) Maladies connect, 
Morbi conna'ti, are such as an individual is born 
■with : - connate having the same signification as 
congenital. A difference has been made by some, 
however; those diseases or conditions which are 
dependent upon original conformation, being 
called congenital; - whilst the diseases or affec- 
tions that may have supervened during gestation 
or delivery, are termed connate. 
CONNECTICUT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
There is a mineral spring at Stafford, in this state, 
twenty-four miles from Hartford, which has ob- 
tained more celebrity than any one in New Eng- 
230 CONSOMME 
It has been employed as a tonic, stomachic, and 
vermifuge. 
Coxserva AxGF.u'iCA:,(Ph. P.) Conserve d' Angt- 
lique, C. of Anyel'ica. (Pulp of root 2o0 parts; 
white sugar, boiled in a decoction of the root, 
and reduced to the consistence of a solid electu- 
ary, 10DO parts.) It is tonic, aromatic, and sto- 
machic. 
Conserva de A'pio Graveolen'te (Ph. P.), 
Conserve d' Ache, Conserve of Smallage. Prepared 
like the preceding. Reputed to have the same 
properties. 
Coxserva Ari, Conserve of Arum. (Fresh 
root Ibss, sugar ibiss.) Esteemed to be diuretic 
and stimulant. 
Coxserva Aurantii, Confectio aurantiorum-• 
c. Cassias, Confectio cassiae-c. Citri aurantii, 
Confectio aurantiorum. 
Coxserva Cochlea'ria: Horten'sis, Conserve 
of Lemon Scurvy Grass. (Leaves Ibj, sugar ibiij.) 
Reputed to be stimulant and antiscorbutic. 
Coxserva Corticis Exterioris Aurantii 
IIispalexsis, Confectio aurantiorum - c. Corti- 
cutn aurantiorum, Confectio aurantiorum - c. 
Florurn rosarum rubrarum, Confectio rosae Gal- 
licae- c. Cynosbati, Confectio rosae canina)- c. 
Cynorrhodi, Confectio rosae caninae-c. Flavedi- 
nis corticis aurantiorum Hispalensium, Confectio 
aurantiorum. 
Coxserva Lu'jula:, C. Folio'rum lu'juice, Con- 
serve of Woodsorrel. (Leaves ibj, sugar Ibiij.) 
Gratefully acid and refrigerant. 
Coxserva Mentha:, C. Menthce folio'rum, C. 
Menthce sati'vce, Conserve of Mint. (Leaves ibj, 
sugar Ibiij.) Stomachic in nausea and vomiting. 
Conserva Pruni Sylves'tris, Pulpa pruno'- 
rum sylves'trium condi'ta, C. Prunce sylvestris, 
Conserve of Sloes, (Pulp 1 part, sugar 3 parts.) 
Possessed of astringent properties. 
Coxserva Rosa:, Confectio rosae Gallicae- c. 
Rosa) caninae, Confectio rosae caninae - c. Rosae 
Gallicae, Confectio rosae Gallieae. 
Coxserva Sch.ua:, Conserve of Squill. (Fresh 
squills sugar Possesses the diuretic and 
other virtues of the squill. 
CONSERVE, Conserva, see Confectio - c. 
d'Ache, Conserva de apio graveolente - c. of 
Aloes, Conserva pruni sylvestris - c. of Lemon 
scurvy grass, Conserva cochleariae hortensis-c. 
of Mint, Conserva menthae - c. of Orange, Con- 
fectio aurantiorum - c. of Roses (red), Confectio 
rosae gallicae - c. of Smallage, Conserva de apio 
graveolente - c. of Woodsorrel, Conserva lujulae 
- c. of Wormwood, Conserva absinthii. 
CONSEIl VES, Spectacles. 
CONSIDEN'TIA. This word has two accep- 
tations. 1. It is synonymous with Apocatastasis ; 
and, 2. It signifies contraction of any cavity or 
canal:-See Synezisis. 
CONSISTEN'TIA. A Latin term employed 
in two senses. 1. When joined to the word Morbi 
or jEtatis, it expresses the acme of a disease, or 
the age at which the constitution has acquired 
its full strength. 2. By Consisten'tia humo'ris is 
meant the density of a humour. 
CONSOLIDA MAJOR, Symphytum - c. Me- 
dia, Ajuga, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum-c. 
Minor, Prunella-c. Regalis, Delphinium conso- 
lida - c. Rubra, Tormentil- c. Saracenica, Soli- 
dago virgaurea. 
CONSOLIDAN'TIA, Consolidati'va Medica- 
men'ta, from con, and solidus, solid. Substances, 
formerly given for the purpose of consolidating 
wounds, or strengthening cicatrices. 
CONSOLIDATIVA, Consolidantia. 
CONSOMME, Con summa'turn, Zomos. Soup, 
strongly charged with gelatin, and consequently 
very nutritious, although not proportionably easy 
of digestion. 
CONNEBVATIO 
land. Its principal ingredients are iron and car- 
bonic acid. It, consequently, belongs to the 
class of acidulous chalybeates. There are other 
springs in the state, of which, however, little that 
is accurate is known. 
CONNERVATIO, Syndesmosis. 
CONNEXIO OSSI UM CARNOSA, Syssarco- 
sis-c. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis-c. Ligamen- 
tosa, Syndesmosis. 
CONNUTRI'TUS, Syn'trophos, from con, 
'with,' and nutrior, 'I am nourished.' A dis- 
ease is so called which has grown up, as it were, 
with an individual, or has been connate with him. 
-Hippocrates, Galen. 
CONOID, Condi' deus, Condi'des, from xwvof, 'a 
cone,'and e«5of, ' shape.' (F.) Condide. Resem- 
bling a cone. 
Conoid Lig'ament. A ligament, passing from 
the coracoid process to the scapula, and forming 
part of the coraco-clavicular ligament of some 
anatomists. 
CONOIDAL SUBSTANCE OF THE KID- 
NEY, see Kidney. 
CONOIDES CORPUS, Pineal gland. 
CONOPHTIIALMIA, Staphyloma corneas. 
CONQUASSANT, (F.) Conquassans, from con, 
'with,' 'together,' and quassare, 'to shake.' Dou- 
leurs conquassantes are the pains of parturition, 
at the time of their greatest intensity, when the 
head is engaged iu the pelvis. 
CONQUASSA'TION, Conquassa'tio, Quassa'- 
tio, Quassatu'ra. Same etymon. A pharmaceu- 
tical operation, which consists in dividing, with 
a pestle, fresh vegetables, fruits, Ac. See Con- 
frieation. 
CONQUASSATIONES ANIMI, Affections of 
the mind. 
CONQUE, Concha. 
CONSCIOUSNESS, DOUBLE. A somnam- 
bulistic condition, in which the individual leads, 
as it were, two lives, recollecting in each condi- 
tion what occurred in previous conditions of the 
same character, but knowing nothing of the 
occurrences of the other. See Duality of the 
Mind. 
CONSEC'UTIVE, Consectiti'vus, from con, 
'with,' and sequor, 'to follow. 
Consecutive Phenom'ena on Symptoms, (F.) 
Phenamines ou accident consicutifs, are such as 
appear after the cessation of a disease, or, accord- 
ing to others, during its decline ; but without 
having any direct connexion with it. 
CONSENSUAL, see Instinctive. 
CONSENSUS, Consent of parts, Sympathy. 
Consen'sus Oculo'rum. The intimate asso- 
ciation between the two eyes, as exemplified in 
their consentaneous action in health, and often in 
disease. 
CONSENT OF PARTS, Consen'sus, Consen'- 
sus par'tium, Sympathi'a, from con, and sentire, 
'to feel;' (F.) Consentement des Parties. That 
relation of different parts of the body with each 
other which is more commonly denominated sym- 
pathy. 
CONSENTEMENT DES PARTIES, Con- 
sent of parts. 
CONSERVATION, Conserva'tio, Phylax'is, 
from conservare, [con, andservare,) 'to preserve;' 
(F.) Conservation, Altercation. The art of pre- 
serving any object of pharmacy, any remedial 
agent, <tc., from decay. 
CONSER'VA, Conserve. Same etymon. A 
pharmaceutical preparation, composed of a vege- 
table substance and a sufficient quantity of sugar. 
The London and American pharmacopoeias pre- 
fer the term Confection. 
Conserva Absin'thii, C. absin'thii marit'imi, 
Conserve of Wormwood. (Leaves tt>j, sugar Ibiij.j 
231 CONSOMPTION 
CONSOMPTION, Consumption. 
CONSONANCE, see Sound. 
CON'SONANT, Con'»onan«, from consono, 'to 
sound together,' (con, 'with,' and sono, 'to sound,') 
because it is generally believed that a consonant 
cannot be properly expressed, except when con- 
joined with a vowel. Physiologically, a breath, 
or a sound produced in the larynx, which suffers 
more or less interruption in its passage through 
the vocal tube. 
CONSORTIUM, Sympathy. 
CONSOUDE, GRANDE, Symphytum. 
CONSOUND, MIDDLE, Ajuga. 
• CONSPERSIO, Catapasma. 
CONSPICILLA, Spectacles. 
CONSPIRATIO, Sympathy. 
CONSTELLA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM. An 
ointment composed of cleansed earthworms! 
dried and pulverized; and of the fat of the bear 
or wild boar. It was formerly employed in tooth- 
ach. and to hasten the cicatrization of wounds. 
CONSTERNATIO, Stupor. 
CON'STIPATED, Constipa'tus. (F.) Constipe. 
Affected with constipation. Costive. 
CONSTIPATIO, Constipation, Stegnosis. 
CONSTIPA'TION, Constipa'tio, from consti- 
pare, (con and stipare,) ' to cram close.' Obsti- 
pa'tio, Adstric'tio, Arcta'tio, Obstipa'tio seu Re- 
ten'tio alvi'na, Ischocoi'lia, Alvus adstric'ta, A. 
Tarda, A. Dura, Obstruc'tio seu Suppres'sio alvi, 
0. Ductus alimenta'rii, 0. intestina'lis, Torpor 
intestino'rum, Stypsis, Oonstipa'tio alvi, Copros'- 
tasis, Acop'ria, Acopro'sis, Coproepis'chesis, Ischo- 
cop'ria, Dyscoi'lia, (F.) Echauffement, Ventre 
resserrt, Cost'iveness, Fcecal Reten'tion, Alvine 
obstruction. A state of the bowels, in which the 
evacuations do not take place as frequently as 
usual; or are inordinately hard, and expelled 
with difficulty. It may be owing either to dimi- 
nished action of the muscular coat of the intes- 
tines, or to diminished secretion from the mueous 
membrane, or to both. Cathartics will usually 
remove it; after which its exciting and predis- 
ponent causes must be inquired into and obviated 
to render the cure permanent. 
CONSPIPATUS, Constipated. 
CONSTIPE, Constipated. 
CONSTITUENS, Vehicle, see Prescription. 
CONSTITUTIO, Constitution, Habit of body 
- c. Aeris, Constitution of the atmosphere-c. 
Epidemica, Constitution, epidemic - c. Nervosa, 
Nervous diathesis. 
C0NSTITU'TION, Constitu'tio, Catas'tasis, 
Status, from con, and statuere, from stare, ' to 
stand.' A collection of several parts, forming a 
whole. In medicine, Constitution means the state 
of all the organs of the human body considered 
in regard to their special and relative arrange- 
ment, order, or activity. A good constitution is 
one in which every organ is well developed, and 
endowed with due energy, so that all perform 
their functions with equal facility. Any want of 
equilibrium in their development and energy 
forms a difference in the constitution. We say 
that a man is of a good or robust, a delicate or 
weak constitution, when he is commonly healthy, 
or commonly labouring under, or unusually sus- 
ceptible of, disease. 
Constitution of the At'mosphehe, Constitu'- 
tio A'eris, (F.) Constitution Atmosphirique. The 
condition of the atmosphere, as regards dryness 
and humidity, temperature, heaviness, direction 
of the winds, <fcc., considered as respects its in- 
fluence on the animal economy. 
Constitution, Epidem'ic, Constitu'tio epidem'- 
xca, Med'ical Constitution, (F.) Constitution me- 
dicals, C. (pidemigue. The aggregate of meteor- 
232 
CONSUETUDO 
ological conditions, so far as they are appreciable, 
during which diseases prevail epidemically. 
CONSTITUTIONAL, (F.) Constitutionnel. 
Belonging to the constitution of an individual; 
to his manner of being; as constitutional phthisis, 
c. gout, &c. By some, this epithet has been given 
to diseases, produced by the constitution of the 
atmosphere; but this acceptation is not common. 
CONST Pc ICTE UPS DE LA VUL VE, Con- 
strictores cunni-c. du Vagin, Constrictores cunni. 
CONSTRICTIO, Astriction, Systole. 
CONSTRICTIVA, Styptics. 
CONSTRICTOR, from constringere, (con, and 
stringere,) 'to bind.' (F.) Constricteur. That 
which binds in a circular direction. A sphincter. 
Different muscles are so called. 
Constrictor Ani, Sphincter ani externus - c. 
of Nuck, Compressor of Nuck. 
Comstrictores Alarum Nasi, Depressor alae 
nasi. 
Constricto'res Cunni, C. Vagi'na seu Yuhtr, 
Clitor'idis inferio'res lati et plani mus'culi, 
Sphincter Vagi'na, (F.) Constricteurs du vagin, 
C. de la Vulve. Small muscles, which originate 
beneath the clitoris, descend along the sides of 
the vagina, and terminate by becoming con- 
founded with the transversus perinai and exter- 
nal sphincter ani muscles. Their use is to con- 
tract the entrance of the vagina. 
Constrictores Isthmi Faucium, Glossost*- 
phylinus. 
Constricto'res Laryn'gis. Lieutaud describes, 
under the name Grand constricteur du Larynx, 
the muscle Crico-aryteno'ideus latera'lis with the 
Thyro-arytenoideus. 
Constricto'res Nasi, Compressor naris. 
Constrictor (Esoph'agi, Constrictor of the 
CEsoph'agus, (F.) Constricteur de I'CEsophage, 
Muscle ocsophagien. A fasciculus of fleshy, cir- 
cular fibres, at the upper part of the oesophagus. 
Constrictores Oris, Orbicularis oris-c. Pal- 
pebrarum, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
Constricto'res Pharyn'gis, Constrictors of 
the Pharynx, Sphincter Guice. Muscular expan- 
sions which assist in forming the parietes of the 
pharynx. Three of these are generally admitted. 
1. The Constric'tor Pharyn'gis infe'rior, Crico- 
Pharyngeus and T hyro-pharyngeus, (F.) Crico- 
thyro-pharyngien. It is broad, very thin, quad- 
rilateral, seated superficially, extending from the 
thyroid and cricoid cartilages as far as the middle 
of the pharynx, and uniting, on the median line, 
with that of the opposite side. 2. The Constrictor 
Pharyngis Me'dius, Hyo-pharyngeus and Chon- 
dro-pharyngeus, Syndes'mo-pharyngeus, (F.) Hyo- 
glosso-basi-pharyngien, occupies the middle part 
of the pharynx. It is triangular, and attached, 
anteriorly, to the great and little cornu of the os 
hyoides ; to the stylohyoid ligament; and termi- 
nates, posteriorly, by joining its fellow of the 
opposite side. 3. The Constrictor Pharyngis su- 
perior, Ceph'alo-pharyngeus, Glosso-pharyngeus, 
Mylo-pharyngeus, Pter'ygo-pharyngeus, (V.)Pti- 
rygo-syndesmo-staphili-pharyngien, is quadrilate- 
ral, and extends from the internal ala of the 
pterygoid process, from the inter-maxillary liga- 
ment, from the internal oblique line of the jaw, 
and from the base of the tongue to the posterior 
part of the pharynx. 
The constrictors of the pharynx contract it. 
They can likewise approximate the ends to each 
other. Chaussier considers those and the stylo- 
pharyngeus as but one muscle, and includes all 
under this last name. 
Constrictores Vagina, C. cunni-c. Vulva, 
C. cunni. 
CONSTRINGENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
CONSUETUDO, Habit-c. Menstrua, Menses. CONSULTATION 
CONSULTA'TION, Consulta'tio, Delibera'tio, 
Ccenolog"ia, Oonten'tio, Symboleu'sis, from consu- 
lere, consultum, ' to hold council.' This word has 
several acceptations. In English, it means, al- 
most always, the meeting of two or more practi- 
tioners, to deliberate on any particular case of 
disease. In France, it signifies the written result 
of such deliberations, as well as the opinion of a 
physician, given to a patient, who consults him, 
either personally or by writing. 
CONSULTING PHYSIC"IAN or SUR- 
GEON, (F.) Midecin ou Chirurgien consultant. 
One who consults with the attending practitioner, 
regarding any case of disease. Some physicians, 
surgeons, and accoucheurs confine themselves to 
consulting practice. 
CONSUMMATUM, Consommt. 
CONSUMMA'TUS, from con, cum, 'with,' and 
summits, 'the whole.' Confirmed; established; 
developed,-as Phthisis consumma'ta, 'confirmed 
consumption.' 
CONS UMP'TION, from consumere, (con and 
tumere,) 'to waste away;' Consump'tio, Consum'- 
tio, ISyntex'is, (F.) Consumption. Progressive 
emaciation or wasting away. This condition 
precedes death in the greater part of chronic dis- 
eases, and particularly in phthisis pulmonalis .• 
on this account it is, that phthisis has received 
the name consumption.-See Phthisis. Fievre de 
Consumption, Consumptive fever,As the same as 
Hecticfever. 
C0.N8UMption of the Bowels, Enterophthisis- 
C. Pulmonary, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
CONSUMPTI'VA. Same etymology. Caus- 
tics, used for the destruction of fungi. Burnt 
alum, lunar caustic, <tc., were formerly so called. 
CONSUMTIO, Consumption. 
CONTABESCEN'TIA, from contabescere, (con 
and tabescere,) 'to grow lean.' Consumption, 
marasmus, atrophy, &c. 
CONTACT, Contac'tus, from con and tangere, 
'to touch.' The state of two bodies that touch 
each other. In the theory of contagious diseases, 
we distinguish immediate or direct contact, as 
when we touch a patient labouring under one of 
those diseases; and mediate or indirect contact, 
when we touch, not the patient himself, but ob- 
jects that have touched or emanated from him. 
The air is, most commonly, the medium by which 
this last kind of contact is effected. 
CONTA'GION, Conta'gio, Conta'ges, Conta'- 
gium, Aporrhoe'a, Apoc'rysis. Same etymon. 
The transmission of a disease from one person to 
another by direct or indirect contact. The term 
has, also, been applied, by some, to the action of 
miasmata arising from dead animal or vegetable 
matter, bogs, fens, Ac., but in this sense it is now 
abandoned. Contagious diseases are produced 
either by a virus, capable of causing them by 
inoculation, as in small-pox, cow-pox, hydropho- 
bia, syphilis, <tc., or by miasmata, proceeding 
from a sick individual, as in plague, typhus gra- 
vior, and in measles and scarlatina. Scrofula, 
phthisis pulmonalis, and cancer, have, by some, 
been esteemed contagious, but apparently with- 
out foundation. Physicians are, indeed, by no 
means unanimous in deciding what diseases are 
contagious, and what not. The contagion of 
plague and typhus, especially of the latter, is 
denied by many. It seems probable, that a dis- 
ease may be contagious under certain circum- 
stances and not under others. A case of common 
fever, arising from common causes, as from cold, 
if the patient be kept in a close, foul situation, 
may be'converted into a disease, capable of pro- 
ducing emanations, which may excite a similar 
disease in those exposed to them. Contagion and 
injection are generally esteemed synonymous. 
233 
CONTINUITY 
Frequently, however, the former is applied to 
diseases not produced by contact; as measles, 
scarlet fever, Ac., whilst infection is used for 
those that require positive contact; as itch, sy- 
philis, Ac., and conversely. Diseases, which 
cannot be produced in any other way than by 
contagion, are said to have their origin in specific 
contagion ; as small-po-x, cow-pox, measles, hy- 
drophobia, syphilis, Ac. Those which are pro- 
duced by contagion, and yet are supposed to be 
sometimes owing to other causes, are said to arise 
from common contagion; as typhus, cynanche 
parotideea, Ac. 
CONTA'GIONIST. One who believes in the 
contagious character of a particular disease, - as 
of yellow fever. 
CONTA'GIOUS, Contagio'sus. Capable of be- 
ing transmitted by mediate or immediate contact; 
-as a contagious disease, contagious fever, conta- 
gious effluvia, Ac. 
CONTAGIUM, Contagion, Miasm. 
CONTEMPLABILES DIES, Critical days. 
CONTE MPLAT1F, (F.) Contemplate vus, (con 
and templum.) Appertaining to contemplation. 
The predominant idea of the melancholic - of 
the monomaniac - is sometimes called contem- 
plative. 
CON TEMPI, ATIO, Catalepsy. 
CONTEMPLATIVUS, Contemplatif. 
CONTENSIO, Tension. 
CONTENTIO, Consultation. 
CONTEX'TURE, Contextu'ra, Contex'tus, from 
con and texere, (quasi tegsere, from tegere, ' to 
cover,') 'to weave,' ' to make a web.' Arrange- 
ment of parts ; -texture. A name given, meta- 
phorically, to the structure of organized bodies; 
as the contexture of muscles, fibres, Ac. See Tis- 
sue, and Texture. 
CONTIGUITY, DIARTHROSIS OF, see 
Continuity. 
CON'TINENCE, Continen'tia, from continere, 
(con and tenere, 'to hold or keep,') 'to contain 
oneself;''to restrain.' Restraint. Abstinence from, 
or moderation in, the pleasures of physical love. 
CONTINENS, Continent. 
CON'TINENT, Conltnena. Restrained. This 
word is synonymous, also, with Continued; (F.) 
Continu. 
Continent Cause, Causa conjunc'ta, is a cause, 
real or presumed, which, having given rise to a 
disease, continues to act during the whole of its 
duration. It may be considered synonymous 
with proximate cause. A continent fever, Febris 
continens, is one which preserves during its whole 
course, the same degree of intensity, without any 
remission or sensible exacerbation. A disease 
which continues uninterruptedly, has been also 
called xEipathei'a, Aeipathei'a or Aipathi'a. 
CONTINENTIA, Continence. 
CONTIN'UED FEVER, Febris contin'ua, F. 
con'tinens, F. anabat'ica, F. assid'ua. A fever 
which presents no interruption in its course. 
Continued fevers form a division in the class 
Pyrexia of Cullen, and include three genera,- 
Synocha, Synochus, and Typhus. It is proper to 
remark, that some of the older writers make a 
distinction between the continual fever, cvruvo/s, 
febris continue, and the synochus or febris conti- 
nens. Thus, Rhases states that the synochus or 
continens is a fever, which consists of one pa- 
roxysm from beginning to end; whilst the conti- 
nua is allied to intermittents. 
■CONTINU'ITY, Continu'itas. An adhesion 
of two things between each other, so that they 
cannot be separated without fracture or laceration. 
Continuity, Diarthro'ses of, (F.) Diarthroses 
de Continuity are movable joints, in which the 
bones are continuous, but do not touch iwine. COETONDANT 
diately, there being between them a ligamentous 
substance, whose flexibility permits motion. The 
vertebral articulations are examples of this. Di- 
arthroses of Contigu'ity, Diarthroses de Conti- 
guiti, on the other hand, are movable articula- 
tions, in which the bones are not continuous, but 
touch by surfaces covered with a cartilaginous 
layer, which is always moistened by synovia. 
Continuity, Solution of, Solu'tio contin'ui, is 
any division of parts, previously continuous. 
Wounds and fractures are solutions of continuity. 
The word (zontiaaity is opposed to Contiguity: the 
latter meaning the condition of two things which 
are near each other, or touch without uniting. 
There is contiguity between the head of the hu- 
merus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, but 
not continuity. 
CONTONDANT, Contending. 
CONTORSIO, Contorsion-c. Columnas verte- 
bralis, Rhachiostrophosis. 
CONTOR'SION, Contor'tio, from contorqueo, 
(con and torquere, 'to wring,') 'I twist about.' 
Violent movement of a part, accompanied with a 
kind of torsion ; as contortion of the face. 
CONTRAAPERTU'RA, from contra, 'against,' 
and aperio, 'I open.' A counter-opening; Con- 
tra-incis'io, Incis' io prio'ri oppo'sita, (F.) Contre- 
ouverture. An incision, made in the most depend- 
ing part of a wound or abscess, when the first 
opening is not situate in a manner favourable for 
the diseharge_ of the pus. 
CONTRAEXTENSIO, Counter-extension. 
CONTRAC'TILE, Contrac'tilis, from contra- 
here, (con and trahere,) 'to draw together.' Ca- 
pable of contracting. The fibre of muscles is 
contractile. 
CONTRACTILITE, Contractility-c. par de- 
faut d'Extension, Elasticity - c. de Tissu, Elas- 
ticity. 
CONTRACTIL'ITY, Contractil'itas: same ety- 
mon ; (F.) Contractilite. That vital property, 
which gives, to certain parts, the power of con- 
tracting. The muscles of locomotion are endowed 
with a power of voluntary contractility, or one 
dependent immediately on the action of the brain: 
- the muscles of the viscera of digestion, and 
other internal organs, enjoy an involuntary con- 
tractility. Contractility and irritability are fre- 
quently used synonymously to signify the pro- 
perty possessed by any tissue of contracting on 
the application of an appropriate stimulus. 
Contractility, Irritability. 
CONTRACTIO CORDIS, Systole. 
CONTRAC'TION, Contrac'tio. Same etymon; 
Sys'tole. Action of contracting. When we speak 
of the contraction of a muscle, we mean the phe- 
nomenon it exhibits during the time it is in action. 
CONTRACTOR UTERI, Abortive. 
CONTRACTU'RA. Same etymon. Acamp'sia, 
Enta'sia articula'ris, Rigor ar'tuum, Muscular 
Stiff-joint. A state of permanent rigidity and 
progressive atrophy of the flexor muscles, which 
prevents the motions of extension beyond a cer- 
tain limit. The affected muscles form hard cords 
beneath the skin. On dissection, they are found 
converted into tendinous fibres, the fleshy fibres 
having almost disappeared, when the disease has 
been of any duration. It succeeds, frequently, 
other diseases, particularly rheumatism, neural- 
gia, convulsions, syphilis, colica pictonum, &c. 
The warm bath, vapour bath, or thermal waters, 
oleaginous embrocations, mechanical extension 
of the limbs, <tc., are the chief means of treatment. 
CONTRAFISSU'RA, from contra, 'against,' 
and /iarfo, fissum, 'I cleave;' Repercus'sio, Reson'- 
itiis, Catag'ma Fissura contraja'cens, Apeche'ma, 
Anticom'ma, Antic'ope, Anticru'sis, Anticrusma, 
Infortu'nium, Counterstroke, (F.) Contre-coup, Con- 
234 
CO NTRO-STIMULUS 
tre-fente, Contre-fracture. A fracture, contusion, 
or injury, produced, by a blow, in a part distant 
from that which is struck. Five species of contra- 
fissura or contre-coups may occur in the skull. 
1. When the' internal table yields and fractures. 
2. When the bone breaks in any other part than 
the one struck. 3. When a bone, which has been 
struck, remains uninjured, and its neighbour is 
fractured. 4. When the bone is fractured in a 
place diametrically opposite to that struck, as in 
fractures at the base of the cranium, from a fall 
on the vertex; and lastly, when the violence of 
the blow produces a separation of the neighbour- 
ing or distant sutures. These fractures of the 
skull are also called Fractures par risonnance. 
CONTRAHENTIA, Astringents, Styptics. 
CONTRAINCISIO, Contra-apertura. 
CONTRAINDICATIO, Counter-indication. 
CONTRAIRRITATIO, Counter-irritation. 
CONTRALUNA'RIS, from contra, 'against,' 
and luna, ' the moon.' An epithet for a woman 
who conceives during the menstrual discharge.- 
Dietrich. 
CONTRASTIMULANS, Contro-stimulants. 
CONTRAYERVA, Dorstenia contrayerva-c. 
Balls, Pulvis contrayervae compositus-c. Lisbon, 
Dorstenia contrayerva - c. Mexican, Psoralea 
pentaphylla-c. Nova, Psoralea pentaphyIla-c. 
Virginiana, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
CONTRECOUP, Contra-flssura. 
CON THE EX TEN SI ON, Counter-extension. 
CONTREFENTE, Contra-fissura. 
CON THE Fit A CTURE, Contra-fissura. 
CONTREINDICATION, Counter-indication. 
GONTREOUVERTURE, Contra-apertura. 
CONTREXEVILLE, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Contrexeville is a town in France in the 
department of Vosges, four leagues from Neuf- 
cbateau. The waters contain carbonate of iron, 
chloride of calcium, and carbonate of lime, chlo- 
ride of sodium, a bituminous substance, and free 
carbonic acid. They are frequented by those 
labouring under cutaneous, scrofulous, and cal- 
culous affections. 
CONTRIT"IO, Syntrim'ma, Syntrip'sis, Tri- 
tu'ra, Tritus, Trit"io, Tripsis, from contero, ' I 
bruise or make small:' Comminu'tion, Trituration. 
CONTROSTIM'UL ANT, Contrastin'ulans, 
Hyposthen'ic, from contra, 'against,' and stimulus, 
'that which excites.' A substance that possesses 
a particular, debilitating property, acting upon 
the excitability in a manner opposite to stimulus. 
A name given to therapeutical agents, which, ac- 
cording to the Italian theory of Contro-stimulus, 
are endowed with the property of diminishing 
excitement by a specific action. These agents 
are by no means clearly defined. 
CONTROSTIMULUS. Same etymon. The 
name given by Rasori, about thirty years ago, to 
a new medical doctrine, of which he was the ori- 
ginator-La nuova Dottrina Medica Italiana. It 
is founded on the contro-stimulant property attri- 
buted to a certain number of medicines. In this 
doctrine, as in that of Brown, under the name ex- 
citability, a fundamental principle of physiology 
is admitted, by virtue of which living beings are 
endowed with an aptitude for feeling the action 
of external agents or exciting influences, and 
of reacting on these influences. When this 
excitability is too great, there is excess of stimu- 
lus or Hyperstheni'a: when too little, there is 
deficiency or Hypostheni'a. Diseases, general and 
local, are divided into three great classes, or into, 
1. Hypersthenic ; 2. Hyposthenic ; 3. Irritative. 
The contro-stimulant physicians admit only two 
classes of medicines-stimulants and contro-sti- 
mulants. CONTUNDING 
CONTUND'ING, Contu'sing, Contun' dens, from 
contundere, [con and tundere,) 'to bruise.' -(F.) 
Contondant. That which causes contusions. An 
epithet given to round, blunt, vulnerating pro- 
jectiles, which bruise or lacerate parts without 
cutting them. 
CONTUS, Contused. 
CONTUS, Penis. 
CONTU'SED. Same etymon. (F.) Contus. 
Affected with contusion. Thus we say - a con- 
tused wound. 
CONTU'SION, Contu'sio, a Bruise, Collis'io, 
Phlasma, Thlasis, Thlas'ma, Th. contu'sio, Rhege, 
Rhegma, Rhegmus, Famex, Fann's, Famix, (F.) 
Meurtrissure. Same etymon. An injury or lesion 
-arising from the impulse of a body with a blunt 
surface-which presents no loss of substance, and 
no apparent wound. If the skin be divided, the 
injury takes the name of contused wound. The 
differences of contusions, as to extent, are of 
course infinite. When slight, the blood stagnates 
in the capillaries of the skin, or is effused into the 
subcutaneous areolar tissue. Time and cold ap- 
plications remove it. When the texture of the 
parts has been lacerated, there is effusion of 
blood, with more or less torpor in the part. 
Cooling applications, general or topical bleeding, 
emollients, poultices, <tc., are here necessary, 
according to circumstances. In the severest 
kinds of contusion, all the soft and solid parts, 
except the skin, are bruised, and, at times, re- 
duced to a kind of pap. When the disorganiza- 
tion is to this extent, there is no hope except in 
amputation. A deep contusion of the soft parts 
has been called Sarcoth'lasis, and Sarcothlas'ma. 
CONUS ARTERIO'SUS, Infundib'ulum of the 
heart. The portion of the right ventricle from 
which the pulmonary artery proceeds, forms a 
prominence on the right side of the anterior fur- 
row of the heart, and is prolonged towards the 
left, becoming narrower at the same time, so as 
to form a funnel-shaped projection, which ex- 
tends a little beyond the base of the ventricles. 
This is the Conus arteriosus. 
Conus Vasculosus, see Coni Vasculosi. 
CONVALES'CENCE, Convalescen'tia, Ana- 
lep'sis, Anas'tasis, Reconvalescen'tia, from conva- 
lescere, [con and valescere) 'to grow well.' Ex- 
anas'trophe. Recovery of health after disease. 
The time which elapses between the termination 
of a disease and complete restoration of strength. 
CONVALLARIA ANGULOSA, C. polygona- 
tum. 
Convalla'ria Maia'lis, from convallis, 'a 
valley,'-from its abounding in valleys. Lil'ium 
Conval'lium, Convalla'ria, C. mappi, Maian'the- 
tnum, Lily of the Valley, May Lily, (F.) Muguet, 
Muguet de Mai. The recent flowers are reputed 
to be aromatic, cephalic, errhine, and cathartic. 
They are not used. 
Convallaria Mappi, C. Maialis. 
Convalla'ria Multiflo'ra, Polygon'atum 
multiflo'ruin, which grows in this country and in 
Europe, has analogous properties. 
Convalla'ria Polygon'atum. The systema- 
tic name of Solomon's Seal, Convalla'ria angu- 
lo'sa, Polygon'atum uniflo'rum seu anceps seu vul- 
ga're, Sigil'lum Salomo'nis, Polygon'atum. The 
root was once used as an astringent and tonic. 
It is. also, a reputed cosmetic. 
CONVENTUS, Coition. 
CONVER'SION, Conver'sio, from con and ver- 
tere, 'to turn.' Change from one state into another. 
Conversion of Diseases, (F.) Conversion des 
maladies, is the change or transformation of one 
disease into another. 
CONVOLU'TION, Convolu'tio, from convolvers, 
(con and volvere) 'to entwine;' Epispha'rion, 
235 
CONVOLVULUS 
Gyrus, Helig'mus, (F.) Circonvolution. The roll- 
ing of any thing upon itself. 
Convolu'tions, Cer'ebral, Gyri seu Plicatu'- 
ra seu Spires seu P races'sue enteroi'dei Cer'ebri, 
are the round, undulating, tortuous projections 
observed at the surface of the brain. In them 
Gall's organs, of course, terminate. 
Convolu'tion, Inter'nal, C. of the Corpus 
Calio'sum, Convolution d'Ourlet (Foville). A 
cerebral convolution of great extent, the princi- 
pal portion of which is found on the inner surface 
of each hemisphere above the corpus callosum. 
In front it bends downwards and backwards to 
the fissure of Sylvius, and behind it extends to 
the middle lobe and forms the hippocampus major. 
Convolutions, Intes'tinal, are the turns 
made by the intestines in the abdomen. 
Convolu'tion, Supra-or'bitar. A convolu- 
tion of the brain, which exists on the inferior 
surface of the anterior lobe, and rests upon the 
roof of the orbit. 
CONVOLVULUS, Intussusceptio, Ileus. 
Convol'vulus Bata'tas. Same etymon. C. 
In'dicus, Camotes; the Street Potato, Spanish 
Potato. This is the only esculent root of the 
genus Convolvulus. It is much eaten in the 
United States. 
Convol'vulus Cantab'rica, Cantab'rica, La- 
vender-leaved Bindweed, has been considered an- 
thelmintic and actively cathartic. 
Convolvulus Indicus, C. Batatas. 
ConvoL'vuLus Jala'pa. A systematic name 
of the Jalap plant, properly Ipomoe'a Jalapa seu 
macrorhi'za. Jala'pium, Jalo'pa, Mechoaca'na ni- 
gra, Jalappa, Jalapa, Jalap Root, Gialappa, Xa- 
lappa, Bryo'nia Mechoacan' a ni'gricans, Bryo'- 
nia Peruvia'na, Chela'pa, Rhabar'barum Nigrum, 
Gelappium, (F.) Jalap, is procured from South 
America. Its odour is nauseous; taste sweetish 
and slightly pungent. It is solid, hard, heavy, 
brittle; fracture resinous; internally, light gray; 
externally, covered with a deep brown, wrinkled 
bark. Its operation is cathartic, the resinous 
part griping violently. Pose, 10 gr. to gss. A 
drop or two of any essential oil may prevent it 
from griping. An active principle has been sepa- 
rated from Jalap, to which the names Jalapin 
and Cathartin have been given. 
Convolvulus Major Albus, Convolvulus se- 
pium-c. Maritimus, Convolvulus soldanella. 
Convol'vulus Mechoacan, Mechoaca'na 
Radix, Jalappa alba, Rhabar'barum album, Me- 
choacan, (F.) Rhabarbe blanche. A Mexican 
convolvulus, the root of which possesses aperient 
properties, and was once extensively used instead 
of jalap. 
Convolvulus Megalorhizus, C. Panduratus. 
Convol'vulus Pandura'tus, C. Megalorhi'- 
zus, Pseudo-mechoaca'na, Fiddle-leaved Bind- 
weed, Hog Potato, Virginian Bindweed, Wild 
Pota'to, Mech'ameck, M. Bindweed, Wild Jalap, 
Man in the ground, Wild Rhubarb, Wild Potato- 
Vine, Kassau'der, Kassa'der, Kussauder, (F.) 
Liseron Mechamec. In Virginia, and some other 
parts of the United States, the root of this plant 
has been much recommended in cases of gravel. 
It is used either in powder or decoction. 
Convolvulus Perennis, Humulus lupulus. 
Convolvulus pes Ca'pre.e, Bargada. A 
plant used in India as a cataplasm in arthritie 
cases. 
Convolvulus Repens, C. sepium. 
Convolvulus Scammo'nea seu Scammo'nia, 
C. Syriacus. The systematic name of the Scam' 
mony Plant. A Syrian and Mexican plant; the 
concrete gummi-resinous juice of which, Scam- 
mo'nia, Scammoniee Gummi Resi'na, Scammonium, 
S. Syriacum, Diagryd'ium, Bacrydion, Scammo- CONVULSIBILITAS 
ny, Mahmoudy, (F.) Scammonte d'Alep, comes to 
us in blackish-gray fragments, becoming whitish- 
yellow when touched with wet fingers. It is a 
drastic, hydragogue cathartic. Dose, gr. iij to 
gr. xv, triturated with sugar. 
Convolvulus, Sea, Convolvulus Soldanella. 
Convol' Zulus Se'pium, Convolvulus major 
albus seu repens seu Tugurio'rum, Oalyste'gia 
se'pium, Great Bindweed, (F.) Liseron des Haies: 
Grand Liseron. The juice of this plant is vio- 
lently purgative, and is given in dropsical affec- 
tions. 
Convol'vulus Soldanel'la. The systematic 
name of the Sea Convolvulus, Bras'sica Mari'na, 
Calyste'gia Soldanella, Sea Bindweed, Convol'- 
vulus Marit'imus, Soldanel'la, (F.) Chou Marin. 
The leaves of this plant are said to be drastic ca- 
thartic ; but they are not much, if at all, used. 
Convolvulus Syriacus, Convolvulus scam- 
monia-c. Tuguriorum, C. sepium. 
Convol'vulus Turpe'thum, Turpe'thum. The 
systematic name of the Turbith plant. (F.) Ra- 
cine de Turbith. The cortical part of the root of 
this species of convolvulus is brought from the 
East Indies. It is a cathartic, but not used. 
CONVULSIBILITAS, see Subsultus tendinum. 
CONVULSIF, Convulsive. 
CONVULSIO, Convulsion - c. Canina, see 
Canine laugh. 
Convul'sio Cerea'lis, Convulsio ab Ustilag'- 
ine, Ergotis'mus spasmod'icus, Myrmeci'asis, Ra- 
pha'nia, Myrmecias'mus, Convul'sio Solonien'sis, 
Myrmecis'mus, Myrmeco'sis, Cereal Convulsion, 
(F.) Convulsion ctreale, Ergotisme convulsif, Con- 
vulsion de Sologne. A singular, disorder of the 
convulsive kind, attended with a peculiar tingling 
and formication in the arms and legs; hence 
called by the Germans Kriebelkrankheit. It 
is said to be endemic in some parts of Germany, 
and to arise often from the use of spoiled corn. 
Convulsio Habitualis, Chorea-c. Indica, 
Tetanus-c. Raphania, Raphania-c. Soloniensis, 
C. cerealis, Ergotism-c. Tonica, Tonic spasm- 
c. Uteri, Abortion. 
CONVUL'SION, Spasmus, Convul'sio, from 
convallere, (con and vellere,) 'to tear,' 'to pull to- 
gether;' Oonduc'tio, Hieran'osis, Disten'tio ner- 
vo'rum, Spasmus clon'icus, Convul'sio clon'iea, 
Eclamp'sia, Syspa'sia Convul'sio, Hyperspasm'ia, 
Clonic Spasm. This word has several accepta- 
tions. It means any violent perversion of the 
animal movements. The word Convulsions ge- 
nerally, however, signifies alternate contractions, 
violent and involuntary, of muscles, which habi- 
tually contract only under the influence of the 
will. This alternate contraction, when slight, is 
called tremor; when strong and permanent, teta- 
nus, trismus, Ac. Spasms, Cramp, Risus Sardo- 
nictis, and St. Vitus's Dance are convulsions. 
Convulsion, Salaam', Eclamp'sia nutans. A 
name given to a singular kind of convulsion in 
children, in which there is a peculiar bobbing of 
the head forward.-Sir Charles Clarke. 
CONVULSION DE SOLOGNE, Convulsio 
cerealis. 
CONVULSIONNAIRE, (F.) A name given, 
during the last century, to individuals who had, 
or affected to have, convulsions, produced by re- 
ligious impulses. 
CONVULSIONS OF CHILDREN, Eclampsia 
-c. des Enfans, Eclampsia - c. des Femmes en- 
ceintes et en couches, Eclampsia gravidarum et 
parturientium-c. Puerperal, Eclampsia gravida- 
rum et parturientium. See Mania, dancing. 
CONVUL'SIVE, Convulsi'vus, Spasmo'des, 
Agitato'rius, (F.) Convulsif. That which is ac- 
COPOS 
companied by, or is analogous to, convulsions, as 
convulsive cough, convulsive disease. 
CONYZA, Inula dysenterica - c. Coma aurea, 
Solidago Virgaurea-c. Major, C. squarrosa-c. 
Media, Inula dysenterica. 
Cony'za Squabro'sa, C. Major, Brephoc'to- 
non, In'ula squarro'sa, Great Fleabane or Spike- 
nard, (F.) Herbe aux mouches. A European 
plant, whose strong and disagreeable odour was 
formerly considered to be destructive to flies, 
fleas, <te. Its infusion in wine was once used as 
an emmenagogue and anti-icteric; and in vinegar 
as an anti-epileptic. 
COOKERY, Culinary art. 
COOLWEED, Pilea pumila. 
COONTIE or COONTI, see Arrowroot. 
coOperculum oculi, Paipebra. 
COOPERTORIUM, Thyroid cartilage. 
COOSTRUM. The middle part of the dia- 
phragm.-Ruland. 
COP AHU, Copaiba. 
COPA'IBA. The resinous juice of Copa'if'era 
officina'lis seu Jacquini, Copaiva officina'lis, and 
other species of Copaifera; Family, Leguminosae. 
Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia. It is the Co- 
paiferce officina'lis Resi'na, Bal'samum Copaibce, 
B. Brazilien'se, B. de Copaiba, B. Capi'vi, Bal- 
sam of Copaiba or Copaiva, (vulgarly pronounced 
capee'vy,') (F.) Copahu, Baume de Copahu, B. du 
Bresil, Tiribinthe de Copahu. Its odour is pe- 
culiar, but not unpleasant; taste pungent, bitter; 
consistence, syrupy; colour yellowish, and trans- 
parent. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and the 
expressed oils. S. g. 0.950. Its properties are 
stimulant and diuretic; in large doses it is pur- 
gative. It acts on the lining membrane of the 
urethra, and on mucous membranes in general. 
It is given in gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, <tc., 
in the dose of gtt. x to Jj, twice or thrice a day. 
Should symptoms of urticaria or diarrhoea arise, 
the dose is too large, and must be diminished. 
It can be inspissated by means of magnesia so 
as to be made into pills, and a plan has been 
devised for enveloping it in gelatin, so that its 
taste is entirely concealed. See Capsules, gela- 
tinous. 
COPAIFERA JACQUINI, see Copaiba - c. 
Officinalis, see Copaiba. 
COPAIVA OFFICINALIS, see Copaiba. 
COPAL', Copale, Besina Copal, Gummi copal- 
li'num. A resinous substance brought from the 
East Indies, South America, and the western 
coast of Africa, which flows spontaneously from 
Elaocar'pus Copalif'era or Vate'ria Ind'ica, and 
probably from different species of Hymenoe'a. It 
is a stimulant, like all the resins, and, dissolved 
in rectified spirit of wine, has been used in cases 
of spongy gums and looseness of the teeth; but 
it is now only employed in varnishes. 
COPE, Cut. 
COPHOMA, Cophosis. 
COPIIONIA, Acouophonia. 
COPHO'SIS, Copho'ma, Coph'otes, Sur'ditas, 
Paracu'sis, Dyscesthe'sia audito'ria ; from kuQos, 
'deaf.' (F.) Surdite. Diminution or loss of 
hearing. Cullen uses the word synonymously 
with Dysecoea, and Pinel with Paracou'sia or 
Parac'oe. According to Sauvages, Cophosis dif- 
fers from both,-from Dysecoea, because in it the 
sonorous rays cannot reach the labyrinth; and 
from Paracousia, which consists in a confused 
state of hearing. 
Cophosis seems, usually, to be synonymous 
with deafness,-Paracu'sis Sur'ditas. 
COPIIOTES, Cophosis. 
COPOS, Lassitu'do, Fatiga'tio, Las'situde, Fa- 
tigue. A state of body in which most of the ani- 
mal functions are exerted with less promptitude 
236 COPPER 
and vigour than common. The ancients admit- 
ted three species: 1. That arising from plethora, 
Lattitu'do tengi'va, tono'dee; 2. From plethora 
and increased heat combined, Lamtu'do phleg- 
mono'ga, axtuo'sa, phlegmono'dea ; and, 3. Owing 
to a morbid condition of the humours, Laggitu'do 
ulcero'ga, helco'deg. 
COPPER, Cuprum - c. Ammoniated, Cuprum 
ammoniatum-c. Ammonio-sulphate of, Cuprum 
ammoniatum- c. Subacetate of, Cupri subacetas 
-c. Sulphate of, Cupri sulphas - c. Ammoniacal 
sulphate of, Cuprum ammoniatum. 
COPPERAS, Ferri sulphas - c. White, Zinci 
sulphas. 
COPPER-NOSE, Gutta rosea. 
COPRACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
COPRACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
COPRAGO'GUM, from icorpof, 'fceees,' and 
ayw, ' I bring away.' Stercus e primig viie edu'- 
ceng. A cathartic. The name of a laxative elec- 
tuary, mentioned bv Ruland. 
COPRECCRITICUS, Coprocriticus. 
COPREM'ESIS, Copriem'egig, Vom'itus facu- 
len'tua seu iter'corig: same etymon as the next. 
Vomiting of faeces. 
COPREM'ETUS, Coproem'etvg, Copriem'etug, 
Merdiv'omug, from compos, 'excrement,' and t/uw, 
' I vomit.' One who vomits faeces.-Hippocrates. 
COPRIEMESIS, Copremesis. 
COPRIEMETUS, Copremetus. 
COPROCRIT'ICUS, Copreccrit'icug, from xor- 
poj, ' excrement,' and «p<vw, ' I separate.' A mild 
cathartic; an eccoprotic. 
COPROEMETUS, Copremetus. 
COPROEPISCHESIS, Constipation. 
COPROLITHUS, see Calculi of the stomach 
and intestines. 
COPROPHORESIS, Catharsis. 
COPROPHORIA, Catharsis. 
COPRORRHCEA, Diarrhoea. 
COPROS, Excrement. 
COPROSCLEROMA, Coprosclerosis. 
COPROSCLERO'SIS, from zcorpof, ' excre- 
ment,' and axXnpow, ' I harden.' Induration of 
faecal matters ; Ooprogclero' ma. 
COPROSTASIS, Constipation. 
COPTE, Copton, from Korrroi, ' I beat or pound.' 
A sort of cake, composed of vegetable substances, 
which the ancients administered internally, and 
applied to the epigastric region in the form of 
cataplasm. 
COPTIS, Coptig trifo'lia, Nigel'la, Helleb'orug 
trifo'ling, Fibra au'rea, Chryza fibrau'rea, Ane- 
tno'ne Grbnlan'dica, Gold thread, Month root. 
The root of this-Coptig, (Ph. U. S.)-is much 
used in Massachusetts, in aphthous and other 
ulcerations of the mouth, as a local application. 
It is a pure bitter, and can be used, wherever 
such is indicated. 
Coptis Teeta, Miehme Teeta, (Upper Assam), 
Honglane., (Chinese). The root of this plant is 
considered to be a powerful tonic and stomachic. 
COPTON, Copte. 
COPULA, Ligament-c. Carnalis, Coition-c. 
Cartilaginea, see Synchondrosis-c. Magna cere- 
bri, Corpus callosum. 
COPULATION, Coition. 
COPIO'PIA, Kopyo'pia, (F.) Laggitnde ocn- 
laire, from ko-itos, ' fatigue,' and ' the eye.' 
Fatigue of vision. Weakness of sight. Inability 
of the eye to sustain continued exertion. 
COQ. Phasianus Gallus. 
COQLE DI. LE\ ANT, see Menispermum 
cocculus - c. d'(Euf, see Ovum - c. Levant, see 
Menispermum cocculus. 
OOQUELICOT, Papaver rhoeas. 
COQUELOURDE, Anemone pulsatilla. 
CO QUE LUC HE, Influenza, Pertussis. 
237 
CORALLINA 
COQUEN'TIA MEDICAMENT'A, from co- 
quere, ' to digest.' Medicines which were for- 
merly believed to he proper for favouring the 
coction or digestion of food. 
COQUE RET, Physalis. 
COQUETTE, Influenza. 
COQUILLE, Cochlea-c. d'CEuf, see Ovum. 
COR, A corn. Also, Heart. 
Cor Bovinum, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
CORACOBRACHIJEUS, Coraeobraehialis. 
COR'ACO-BRA'CHIAL, Cor'aco Brachia'lis. 
Belonging both to the coracoid process and arm. 
Coraco-Brachialis (Muscle), Coracobrachi- 
cb'us, Coraco-humeral-(Ch.), Perfora'tus Casse'- 
rii, Perforatum, is situate at the inner and upper 
part of the arm. It arises from the coracoid 
process of the scapula, and is inserted at the 
middle part of the inner side of the humerus. It 
carries the arm forwards and inwards, raising 
the humerus a little. It can, also, by acting in- 
versely, depress the shoulder. 
CORACO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Coraco-clavicula'- 
ris. Belonging to the coracoid process and cla- 
vicle. 
Coraco Clavicular Ligament,-called, also, 
0mo-clavicular, - serves to unite the clavicle to 
the coracoid process. It is very irregular, and 
formed of two fasciculi, which the greater part 
of anatomists have described as particular liga- 
ments, under the names Conoid and Trapezoid. 
CORACODES, Coracoid. 
CORACO-HUMERALIS, Coraco-brachialis- 
c. Hyoideus, Omohyoideus - c. Radialis, Biceps 
flexor cubiti. 
COR'ACOID, Coraco'i'deus, Coracoi'des, Cora- 
co'des, C. Process' us, Cornicula'ris Processus, 
Crow's-beak-like Process, Proces'sus anchora'lis, 
rostriform'is, ancyroi'des, from «-op«|, ' a crow,' 
and 'resemblance.' (F.) Coracoide. Re- 
sembling the beak of a crow. A name given by 
Galen, (and still retained,) to the short, thick 
process, situate at the anterior part of the upper 
margin of the scapula; which has some resem- 
blance to the beak of a crow. This process gives 
attachment to the Coraco-clavic'ular and Coraco- 
acro'mial ligaments, and to the Coraco-brachia'- 
lis, Pectora'lis minor, and Biceps muscles. 
Coracoid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum coraco'i'- 
deum, (F.) L. Coraco'idien. This name is given 
to the small fibrous fasciculus, which converts 
the notch, at the superior margin of the scapula, 
into a foramen. 
COR AIL, Coral - c. des Jardins, Capsicum 
annuum. 
CORAL, Coral'Hum, Coral'lus, Arbor Maris, 
Azur, Bolesis, from Koptw, 'I adorn,' and 'a\s, 
' the sea.' (F.) Corail. One of the most beauti- 
ful productions of the deep. It is fixed to sub- 
marine rocks, in the form of a shrub; and is of 
a bright red colour. It is the habitation of a 
multitude of animals, of the Zoophyta order, and 
is formed of a calcareous substance, secreted by 
the animals themselves. It is in very hard, con- 
centric layers; covered, externally, by a species 
of porous bark, full of cellules, each of which con- 
tains one of these animals. Linnajus calls the 
red coral, Isis nob'ilis, and M. de Lamarck, Co- 
ral'lium rubrum. It is much fished for on the 
coasts of Barbary and Sicily. Coral was formerly 
esteemed tonic, absorbent, astringent, <tc.; but 
analysis has shown, that it contains only carbo- 
nate of lime and a little gelatin. - Dioscorides, 
Pliny, Oribasius, the Geoponica, <tc. The Coral- 
Hum album is a hard, white, calcareous brittle 
substance, the nidus of the Madrep'ora ocula'ta. 
It has been given as an absorbent. 
CORALLI'NA. Diminutive of Coralliitm: 
Museum marit'imus, Corallina officint'lie, Brian, CORALLINE 
Corallina alba, Sea Cor'alline, White Worm-weed. 
The production of an animal, which belongs to 
the genus Pol'ypi, and which is found in all the 
seas of Europe;-particularly in the Mediterra- 
nean. It has the appearance of a plant, is homo- 
geneous, an inch or two in height, of a white, 
reddish, or greenish colour, salt taste, and marine 
smell. It contains gelatin, albumen, chloride of 
sodium, phosphate, carbonate and sulphate of 
lime, carbonate of magnesia, silica, oxide of iron, 
and a colouring principle. It was once much 
used as a vermifuge; but is not now employed. 
Dose, to Jj, in powder. 
Corallina Corsica'na, C. rubra, Helmintho- 
chorion, Helminthochort' am, Elminthochorton, 
AIuscus helminthochortos, Melithoehorton, Musciu 
coralli'ntis seu Mari'nus seu Cor'sicus, Confer'va 
Helminthochortos, Spharococcus helminthochor- 
tos, Giyarti'na helminthochorton, Coralli'na me- 
litochorton, Lemithochorton, Fucus Helmintho- 
chorton, Cera'mium helminthochort'us, Corsican 
Worm-weed, (F.) Coralline de Corse, Mousse de 
Corse. It is a mixture of several marine plants 
and zoophytes, as the fucus, ceramium, ulva, co- 
ralline, conferva, &.C., and has gained great repu- 
tation for destroying all kinds of intestinal worms, 
when given in strong decoction. The Geneva 
Pharmacopoeia directs an officinal syrup - the 
Strop de Coralline. 
CORALLINE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsi- 
cana. 
CORALLOIDES FUNGUS, Clavaria coral- 
loides. 
CORALWORT, Clavaria coralloides. 
CORD, Funis, Funic'ulus, Choenos, Ohoe'nion, 
Xotvos, xoiviov, from the Latin Chorda, which is 
itself derived from x0 'intestine;' and, after- 
wards, was applied to musical cords or strings, 
made of the intestines of animals. See Chorda. 
Cord, Umbilical, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
Cords, Vocal, Cords of Ferrein, Chorda vo- 
ca'les, Ch. Ferre'nii. A name given to the liga- 
ments of the glottis, which Ferrein compared to 
stretched cords, and to which he attributed the 
production of voice. See Thyreo-arytenoid Liga- 
ment. 
CO RD A, Chorda-c. Hippocratis, Achillis 
tendo - c. Magna, Achillis tendo - c. Spinalis, 
Medulla spinalis. 
COR DE DU TAMBOUR, Chorda tympani 
-c. du Tympan, Chorda tympani. 
CORDEE, Chordee. 
CORDIA AFRICANA, Sebestina-c. Domes- 
tica, Sebestina-c. Myxa, Sebestina-c. Obliqua, 
Sebestina-c. Sebestina, Sebestina-c. Smooth- 
leaved, Sebestina. 
COR'DIAL, Cordia'lis, Cardi'acus, from cor, 
cordis, ' the heart.' A tonic or excitant medicine, 
judged to be proper for exciting the heart. A 
warm stomachic. 
Cordial, Godfrey's, see Godfrey's Cordial- 
c. Nervous, Brodum's, see Tinctura gentian® 
composita-c. Sir Walter Raleigh's, Confectio 
aromatica-c. Warner's, see Tinctura rhei et 
senn®. 
CORDIFORM TENDON OF THE DIA- 
PHRAGM, Centre, phrenic. 
CORDINE'MA, from Kapa, 'the head,' and 
Sivew, 'I move about.' Headach, accompanied 
with vertigo. See Carebaria. 
CORDIS EMUNCTORIUM, Axilla. 
CORDOLIUM, Cardialgia. 
CORDON (F.), Funic'ulus, diminutive of funis, 
' a cord.' A term applied to many parts, which 
resemble a small cord. 
CORDON NERVEUX, Ramus Nervo'sus. A 
principal division of a nerve, or the nervous trunk 
itself. 
CORDON OMDILICALE, Funiculus umbili- 
CORIUM 
calis-c. Spermatique, Spermatic chord-c. Testi- 
culaire, Spermatic chord. 
GORDONS SUS-PUBIENS, Round liga- 
ments of the uterus-c. Vasculaires, Round liga- 
ments of the uterus. 
CORE, Pupil, see Furunculus. 
CORECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
CORECTOP'IA, from Kopn, 'the pupil,' «, 'out 
of,' and ro-of, 'place.' Displacement of the pupil. 
A condition of the iris in which one segment is 
larger than the other; so that the pupil is not in 
the centre.-Von Ammon. 
COREDIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
CORE'MATA, from koocw, 'I cleanse.' Reme- 
dies proper for cleansing the skin. - Paulus of 
jEgina. 
COREMETAMORPHOSIS, Dyscoria. 
COREMORPHO'MA, same etymon as the next. 
A morbid change in the shape of the pupil. 
COREMORPHO'SIS, Conforma'tio pupill'a 
artificia'lis; from <op>?, 'the pupil,' and popipucis, 
'formation.' The operation for artificial pupil. 
See Coretomia. 
COREON'CION, Coron'cion, Coreon'cium, from 
Kopri, ' the pupil,' and oyKivov, ' a hook.' An in- 
strument, used for the formation of artificial pupil 
by Langenbeck. It is hooked at its extremity. 
A double-hooked forceps, used by Von Griife, is 
similarly named. 
COREOP'SIS TRICIIOSPER'MA, Tickweed 
sunffoicer, Tickseed sunflower. An indigenous 
plant, of the Composite Family, with large golden- 
yellow rays, which flowers in September. It is 
said to have been used as an alterative. 
CORETODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
CORETOMEDIALYSIS, Coretodialysis. 
CORETOM'IA, from Kopy, 'the pupil,' and 
rcpvtiv, ' to cut.' Corotom'ia, Coretotom'ia, Iri- 
dotom'ia, Corectom'ia, Coretonectom'ia, Iridectom'- 
ia, IridectomediaVysis, Iridectomodial' ysis, Core- 
dial'ysis, Corodial'ysis, Coretodial'ysis, Coretome- 
dial'ysis, Iridodial'ysis. Various operations for 
the formation of artificial pupil are so termed. 
The last five signify the separation or tearing 
asunder of the iris from the ciliary ligament; the 
preceding five the incision of the iris, loss 
of substance; and the remainder signify a simple 
incision of the iris, without loss of substance. 
When a portion of the iris is left strangulated in 
the wound, it is termed Iridenclei'sis, Iridencleis'- 
mus, and Iridotenclei'sis. 
CORETONECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
CORETOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
CORIANDER, Coriandrum sativum. 
CORIANDRUM CICUTA, Cicuta virosa - c. 
Maculatum, Conium maculatum. 
Corian'drum Sati'vum, Corian'der, Corion'- 
non, (F.) Coriandre. Family, Umbelliferaj. Ser. 
Syst. Petandria Digynia. The systematic name 
of the Corian'drum of the pharmacopoeias; Co- 
rian'non. The seeds of the coriander have an 
aromatic odour, and grateful, pungent taste. 
They are carminative; but are chiefly used to 
cover the taste of other medicines. 
CORIANNON, Coriandrum sativum. 
CORIGEEN, Fucus crispus. 
CORIITIS, Cytitis. 
see Vitis corinthiaca. 
CORION, Corium, Hypericum perforatum. 
CORIS, Cimex-c. Monspeliensis, Symphytum 
Petraeum. 
CO'RIUM, Corion, (F.) Cuir. The skin of 
animals is so called, especially when tanned. 
The cutis vera, or the thickest part of the human 
skin. 
Corium Phlogis'ticum, Crusta pleuret'ica, C. 
inffammato'ria,C.phlogis'tica,lnjlam'matory Crust 
or Buff, Buffy Coat, (F.) Couenne, C. Pleuritique, 
C. Infammatoire. The grayish crust or 
238 CORK 
varying in thickness, observed on blood drawn 
from a vein during the existence of violent in- 
flammation, pregnancy, <tc. It is particularly 
manifest in pleurisy, and hence one of its names. 
For its production, it appears to be requisite, that 
there should be an increase in the proportion of 
the fibrinous element of the blood over that of 
the red corpuscles, with increased aggregation 
of those corpuscles. Under such circumstances, 
the bufl'y coat assumes a concave appearance on 
its upper surface, and the blood is, therefore, said 
to be cupped. 
The buff is generally believed to consist of 
fibrin; but, according to the researches of Mul- 
der, it is composed of a binoxide of protein, which 
is insoluble in boiling water, and a tritoxide which 
is soluble. These oxides are comprehended by 
him under the name oxyprotein. 
When the blood presents the above appearance, 
it is said to be bujfy. 
CORK, Suber. 
CORMIER, Sorbus domestica. 
CORMUS. In botany, when the stem of a 
plant, without creeping or rooting, is distended 
under ground, retaining a round or oval form, it 
is so called. The Cormus is vulgarly termed a 
root,-radix. 
CORN, (Saxon corn,) (G.) Kern. In Eng- 
land, this word means the Cerealia, or those 
seeds, which grow in ears, not in pods. In the 
United States, Corn always means Indian Corn. 
Its English sense corresponds to the French Ble 
or Bled. 
Corn, Claras, Clavus Pedis, Ecphy'ma Clavus, 
Gemur'sa, (F.) Cor, Ognon, from cornu, a 'horn.' 
A small, hard, corneous tumour, which forms 
upon the foot, generally on the toes ; and is com- 
monly produced on the most projecting parts, by 
the pressure of too tight shoes. A part of the 
corn is raised above the skin, and forms a round 
tumour, like the head of a nail: the other por- 
tion, which serves as its base, is buried more or 
less deeply in the integuments, and occasionally 
extends as far as the tendons and periosteum. 
Corns may, sometimes, be removed, by immers- 
ing the feet in warm water, but commonly they 
return. They can, likewise, be destroyed by the 
knife or caustic, or by paring them down and 
pulling them out by the roots; but these opera- 
tions are not always as simple as they seem. In 
the way of palliation, they must be constantly 
pared; and, for the purpose of preventing pres- 
sure, any soft plaster, spread upon linen or leather, 
may be applied, with a hole in the centre to re- 
ceive the corn; and layer after layer of plaster 
be added, until they attain the level of the corn. 
When very irritable, the lunar caustic, rubbed 
over the surface, will generally diminish irritabi- 
lity surprisingly, and in a mode not easy of ex- 
planation. 
Corn, Zea mays-c. Guinea. Panicum Italicum 
-c. Indian, Zea mays-c. Wild, Matricaria cha- 
momiila-c. Flag, Gladiolus vulgaris-c. Flower, 
Centaurea cyanus-c. Salad, Valeriana dentata- 
c. Squirrel, Dicentra Canadensis. 
CORNALINE, Cornelian. 
CORNE, Cornu-c. d'Ammon, Cornu ammonis 
e. de Beller, Cornu ammonis-c. de Cerf, Cervus, 
Cornu cervi, Coehlearia coronopus - c. de Cha- 
mois, Cornu rupicaprse-c. de la Beau, Cornu. 
CORNE, Corneous. 
COR'NEA, Cornea transpa'rens, C. pellu'cida, 
C. lu'eida, Ceras, Sclerot'ica cerato'i'des, Oeratoi'- 
des seu Cerato'des membra'na, Ceratome'ninx, 
Membra'na cornea; from cornu, 'horn.' The 
transparent cornea. (F.) Cornfe. One of the 
coats of the eye, so called because it has some 
resemblance to horn. It is termed transparent 
to distinguish it from the opake- Cornea opa'ca 
239 
) CORNU 
or Sclerotic. It is convex, anteriorly; concave, 
posteriorly; forming nearly one-fifth of the ante- 
rior part of the eye, and representing a segment 
of a sphere about seven lines and a half, or in. 
0.625 in diameter. It seems to be constituted of 
lamina; in superposition, but of the precise num- 
ber anatomists are not agreed. Henle assigns it 
four; the third, a very solid cartilaginous lamella, 
being called Membrane de Demoura or M. de Des- 
cemet. Messrs. Todd and Bowman assign it five 
layers. 
Cornea, Conical, Staphyloma of the cornea- 
c. Opake, Caligo-c. Opaca, Sclerotic-c. Sugar- 
loaf, Staphyloma of the cornea. 
CORNEE, Cornea. 
CORNEITIS, Ceratitis. 
CORNEL, AMERICAN RED-ROD, Cornus 
sericea - c. Large-flowered, Cornus Florida-c. 
Panicled, Cornus paniculata. 
CORNE'LIAN, Carne'lian, Cbalcedo'nius, 
Came'olus, Lapis Carne'olus, Cornelius, Corne'olus, 
Lapis Sard'ius, (F.) Comaline. A precious, semi- 
transparent stone, found in Sardinia. The an- 
cients ascribed to it a number of absurd pro- 
perties. 
CORNELLS, Cornelian. 
CORNEOLUS, Cornelian. 
COR'NEOUS, Cor'neus, (F.) Corn!. Having 
the nature or appearance of horn. 
Corneous Tissue is that which forms the nails. 
The corneous membrane is the cornea. 
CORNES DE LIMACON (F.), AWZ's Homs. 
A name given by Anel to the lachrymal puncta 
and ducts. 
CORNES DE LA MATRICE, Cornua uteri 
-c. de la Peau, Horny excrescences. 
CORNESTA, Retort. 
CORNET ACOUSTIQUE, Ear-trumpet- c. 
Moyen, Turbinated bone, middle-c. de Morgagni, 
Turbinated bone, superior. 
CORNETS DE BERTIN, Sphenoidal cornua 
-c. Sphenoidaux, Sphenoidal cornua. 
CORNICIION, see Cueumis sativus. 
CORNICULARIS PROCESSUS, Coracoid 
process. 
CORNIC'ULUM, diminutive of cornu, 'ahorn.' 
'a little horn.' A species of cupping instrument, 
shaped like a trumpet, having a hole at the top 
for sucking the air out, to diminish the pressure 
in its interior.-Scultetus, Hildanus. 
Corniculum Laryn'gis, Capit'ulum Santori'ni 
seu Laryn'gis, Supra-arytenoid Car'tilage, Capit'- 
ulum Cartilag"inis arytenoidece. A small, very 
movable, cartilaginous tubercle, found on the 
arytenoid cartilages. 
CORNIER, Cornus Florida. 
CORNIFICATION, Racornissement. 
CORNINE, see Cornus Florida. 
CORNOUILLER, Cornus Florida - c. d 
Feuilles arrondies, Cornus circinata-c. d Grandes 
fleurs, Cornus Florida-e. Soyeux, Cornus sericea. 
CORNU, Ceras, Corn, Horn. (F.) Come. A 
conical, hard, epidermeous projection, which 
grows on the heads of certain animals, serving 
them as a weapon of offence and defence. Ana" 
tomists have given this name to parts of the hu- 
man body, which have nearly the same shape as 
the horns of animals. 
Cornu. A horny excrescence ; a corneous wart, 
which occasionally forms on the skin, and requires 
the use of the knife; (F.) Come de laPeau. See 
Corn. Also, Cornu Cervi.-See Cervus. Also a 
Retort. ' 
Cornu Acusticum, Ear-trumpet. 
Cornu Ammo'nis, Cornu Ane'tis, Hippocam'jius 
major, Pes hippocam'pi major, Pes hippopot'amt 
major, Protuberan'tia cylind'rica, Term is Bom- 
byc"inus, Proces'sus cer'ebri latera'lis, (F.) Coms 
d'Ammon, Come de Belier, Grande Hippocawpe, CORNUA 
Pied de cheval marin, Protuberance cylindro'ide 
(Cn.), Bourrelet route. A broad, considerable 
eminence, curved on itself, and situate at the 
posterior part of the lateral ventricle. Its sur- 
face presents two or three tubercles separated 
from each other by shallow grooves. 
The Acce«so'rt«» Pedis Hippocamp'i, (F.) Ac- 
cessoire du pied d'hippocampe, is a prominence, 
usually formed by the base of the inferior cornu 
of the lateral ventricle of the brain. It is merely 
a fold of the hemisphere, and was by Malacarne 
called Cuissart ou Armure des Jambes. 
Cornu Anterius seu Anti'cum Ventric'uli 
Latera'lis ; Anterior Cornu of the Lat'eral Ven'- 
tricle. The portion of the lateral ventricle of the 
brain, which is lodged in the middle of the lobe, 
and forms the commencement of that cavity. 
Cornu Cervi, Cornu, Cornu Cervi'num, Cervi 
El'aphi Cornu, Hartshorn, (F.) Corne de cerf. 
The horns of various species of the stag. They 
contain about 27 per cent, of gelatin. The Shav- 
ings, Raspatu'ra seu Ras'ura Cornu Cervi, O. C. 
raspa'tuin, boiled in water, have, consequently, 
been esteemed emollient and nutritive. 
Hartshorn Jelly may be made as follows:- 
Hartshorn shavings, gvj ; boil in water Oiv to 
Oij; strain, and add, whilst hot. of lemon-juice, 
two tablespoonfuls ; white sugar, vj ; and Sherry 
wine, two glasses. 
A good nutriment for the sick, where wine is 
not improper. 
When burnt, the shavings constitute the Cornu 
cervi calcina'tum, Cornu ustum, Phosphas Calcis, 
Calca'ria phosphor'ica, (F.) Corne de cerf calcinee, 
which consists of 57.5 per cent, of phosphate of 
lime. It has been used as an antacid, but is 
wholly inert, as its composition would indicate. 
It contains only 1 per cent, of carbonate of lime. 
Hartshorn was once supposed to possess a be- 
zoardic power. 
Cornu Cervinum, Cervus, Plantago corono- 
pus-c. Ethmoidal, Turbinated bone, middle. 
Cornu Descen'dens Ventric'uli Latera'lis, 
Dig"ital Cav'ity, Descending or inferior cornu of 
the lateral ventricle. The termination of the late- 
ral ventricle in the middle lobe of the brain, be- 
hind the fissure of Sylvius. 
Cornu, Middle, Turbinated bone, middle. 
Cornu Poste'rius seu Posti'cum Ventric'uli 
Latera'lis, Cav'itas digita'ta, Posterior Cornu 
of the Lateral Ventricle. The triangular pro- 
longation of the lateral ventricle of the brain into 
the substance of the occipital lobe. 
Cornu Rupica'pRjE, (F.) Corne de Chamois. 
The horn of the chamois. It has the same pro- 
perties as the Cornu Cervi. 
CORNUA, Turbinated bones. 
Cornua Cartilag"inis Thyroideai. Emi- 
nences on the thyroid cartilage, distinguished 
into great or superior, which are articulated with 
the great cornu of the os hyoides; - and into 
small or inferior, united with the cricoid cartilage. 
Cornua Coccy'gis, Cornua of the Coccyx. Two 
small, tubercular eminences at the base of the coc- 
cyx, which are articulated with those of the sacrum. 
Cornua Cutanea, Horny excrescences. 
Cornua HyoIdei Ossis, Radi'ces ossis hyoi'dei, 
Cornua of the Hyoid Bone. Four fragments of 
the os hyoides, situate above the body of the 
bone, and distinguished into the small or superior, 
and the great or lateral. 
Cornua Lachrymalia, Lachrymal duets - c. 
Limacum, Lachrymal ducts, see Lachrymal 
puncta. 
Cornua Sacra'lia, Cornua of the Sacrum. 
Two tubercles, situate at the posterior and in- 
ferior surface of the sacrum, which are some- 
times united. 
240 
CORONALE 
Cornua, Styloid, see Ilyoidcs, os. 
CORNUA U'teri, Cornua of the Uterus, Cercere, 
Ktpatai, Plec'tance, (F.) Comes de la Matrice. The 
angles of the uterus, where the Fallopian tubes 
arise. Sometimes applied to the Fallopian tubes 
themselves. 
CORNUE, Retort. , 
CORNUE TUBULEE, see Retort. 
CORNUMUSA, Retort. 
CORNUS AMOMUS, C. sericea-c. Blue ber- 
ried, C. Sericea. 
Cornus Circina'ta, Round-leaved Dogwood, 
(F.) Cornouiller <i feuilles arrondies. The bark 
of this variety has been used for similar pur- 
poses with the next. 
Cornus Flor'ida, Dogwood, Dogtree, Boxtree, 
Bitter Redberry,Large-flowered Cornel,MaleGreat- 
flowered Dogwood, Florida Dogwood, Virginian 
Dogwood, Boxwood (New England), (F.) Cor- 
nouiller, Cornier, C. d grandee fleurs. The bark 
of this beautiful tree, which grows everywhere in 
the United States, has been long employed as a 
substitute for cinchona. Dose, from to 5Jj. Its 
active principle has been separated from it, and 
received the name of Cornine. 
Cornus Fcemina, C. sericea - c. Mas odorata, 
Laurus sassafras. 
Cornus Panicula'ta, Pan'icled Cornel, indi- 
genous, has been used as a substitute for Cornus 
Florida. 
Cornus Rubiginosa, C. sericea-c. Sanguinea, 
Sebestina, C. sericea. 
Cornus Seri"cea, Cornus amo'mus, C.foe'mina, 
0. rubigino'sa, C. Sanguin'ea, Swamp Dogwood, 
Red Willow, Rose Willow, New England Dog- 
wood, Female Dogwood, Silky-leaved Dowood, 
American Red-rod Cornel, Blueberried Dogwood, 
Blueberried Cornus, (F.) Cornouiller soyeux. The 
bark, it is said, has been found little inferior to 
Cinchona. Pallida in intermittents.-Barton. 
CORNUTA, Retort. 
CORODIALYSIS, Coretomia. 
CORONA, Crown-c. Ciliaris, Ciliary body - 
c. Dentis, Crown of a tooth - c. Glandis, Crown 
of the glans-c. Posterior ulnae, Olecranon. 
Coro'na Ra'dians, Radiating Crown of Reil. 
Fasciculi of white fibres radiate in all directions 
from every part of the surface of the optic thala- 
mus, excepting its inner side, which is free and 
corresponds to the third ventricle; the anterior 
of these fibres pass directly forwards, the middle 
fibres outwards, and the posterior backwards, 
forming the coro'na ra'dians. 
Corona Regia, Trifolium melilotus-c. Ulnae, 
Olecranon-c. Veneris, Crown of Venus. 
CORONJE CILIARIS MEMBRANULA, Cili- 
ary zone-c. Palpebrarum, see Tarsus. 
CORONAD, see Coronal Aspect. 
CORO'NAL, Corona'lis, Corona'rius. Relating 
to the crown; from corona, 'a crown.' A name 
formerly given to the frontal bone, because on it 
partly reposes the crown of kings. 
Coronal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
plane of the corona or crown of the head. Coro- 
nad is used adverbially to signify ' towards the 
coronal aspect.'-Barclay. 
Coronal Suture, Sutu'ra corona'lis, S. Fronto- 
parieta'lis, Puppis Sutu'ra, S. Arcua'lis. The 
suture of the head, which extends from one tem- 
poral bone to the other, over the crown of the 
head, and unites the parietal bones with the 
frontal. The Suture Coronate of the French 
anatomists is the suture which unites the two 
halves of the os frontis at the early period of life. 
It is a prolongation of the sagittal. 
CORONALE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters are found near Lucca, in Italy. 
They received their name from an erroneous CORONARIUS 
notion, that they are particularly adapted for 
curing diseases of the os frontis. Their tempe- 
rature is 95° Fahrenheit. They contain free 
carbonic acid, sulphates of lime and magnesia, 
chlorides of sodium and magnesium, &c., and 
some iron. 
CORONARIUS, Coronal. 
COR'ONARY, Corona'rius, (F.) Coronaire, 
from corona, 'a crown.' Resembling a crown. 
Cor'onary Ar'tery of the Stomach, Arte'ria 
Oorona'ria Ventric'uli, A. Gas'trica sups'rior, 
(F.) Artere coronaire stomachique, A. Stomogas- 
trique (Ch.), is one of the branches of the coeliac, 
which passes towards the superior orifice of the 
stomach, extends along its lesser curvature, and 
ends by anastomosing with the pyloric branch 
of the hepatic. This artery furnishes branches 
to the inferior part of the oesophagus, the cardiac 
orifice, the great cul-de-sac, the middle part of 
the stomach, the lesser omentum, and anasto- 
moses witn the other arteries of those organs. 
Coronary Ligament of the liver is a reflection 
of the peritoneum, which surrounds the posterior 
margin of the liver. The same term is likewise 
applied to ligaments which unite the radius and 
ulna. 
Coronary Plexus of the Heart. The ante- 
rior and posterior coronary plexuses of the heart 
are derived from the anterior and posterior car- 
diac plexuses. See Cardiac Plexus. 
Coronary Plexus of the Stomach. This 
plexus of nerves is given off from the upper part 
of the solar plexus. 
Coronary Sinus of the Heart, Sinus, coro- 
nary, venous-c. Sinus of Ridley, Sinus corona- 
rius. 
Coronary Vein of the Stomach, Vena Coro- 
na'ria Ventric'uli, accompanies the artery, and 
terminates in the vena porta. Sdmmering, and 
some other anatomists, call all the four arteries 
of the stomach Oorona'ria Stomach'ica. 
CORONCION, Coreoncion. 
CORO'NE, from koquvti, 'a crow.' The coro- 
noid process of the lower jaw. 
COR'ONOID, Corono'i'des, from Kopwviy, 'a 
'crow,' and tihos, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Re- 
sembling the beak of a crow. This name has 
been given to two processes. One, situate at the 
anterior and superior part of the ramus of the os 
maxillare inferius, and affording attachment to 
the temporal muscle: the other, called, also, 
sharp process, situate at the superior part of the 
ulna, anterior to the great sigmoid fossa, and 
forming a part of the hinge of the elbow-joint. 
CORONOPODIUM, Plantago coronopus. 
CORONOPUS, Cochlearia coronopus - o. De- 
pressus, Cochlearia coronopus - c. Ruellii, Coch- 
learia coronopus - c. Vulgaris, Cochlearia coro- 
nopus. 
COROTOMIA, Coretomia. 
CORPORA ALBICANTIA, Mammillary tu- 
bercles-c. Arantii, Noduli Arantii, Tubercula A. 
-c. Bigemina, Quadrigemina corpora-c. Candi- 
cantia, Albicantia corpora, Mammillary tubercles 
- c. Cavernosa, Cavernous bodies - c. Fibrosa, 
Corps Fibreux. 
Cor'pora Fimbria'ta, Tania Hippocam'pi, 
Fimbriated or fringed bodies, (F.) Corps Franges, 
C. Bordes, Bandelettes des Comes d' Ammon, Ban- 
delette de VHippocampe. The thin, flattened, and 
very delicate band, situate along the concave edge 
of the cornu ammonis, which is a continuation 
of the posterior crura of the fornix. 
Corpora Genicula'ta, (F.) Corps Genicults, 
C. genouillcs. Eminences situate at the lower 
and outer part of the optic thalami. Each optic 
tract commences at the corp'us genicula'tum ex- 
The corpus genicula'tum intern'um is 
241 
CORPORA ALBICANTIA 
merely a tubercle inserted into the bend or knee, 
formed by the corpus geniculatum externum. 
Corpora Globosa Cervicis Uteri, Nabothi 
glandulae-c. Lutea, see Corpus luteum. 
Cor'pora Malpighia'na, Malpig'hian Bodies, 
Ac"ini, Cor'puscles or Glomerules of Malpig'hi. 
Scattered through the plexus formed by the 
blood-vessels and uriniferous tubes in the kid- 
ney, a number of small dark points may be seen 
with the naked eye, which received their name 
from Malpighi, their describer. Each of these, 
under the microscope, is found to consist of a 
convoluted mass of blood-vessels, which consti- 
tutes the true glandule, corpuscle or glomerule of 
Malpighi. It was at one time supposed that the 
tubuli uriniferi originate in them; but this does 
not appear to be the case. Their use is not posi- 
tively known, but as they have been traced by 
Mr. Bowman into the commencement of the uri- 
nary tubes, in which they lie uncovered, it has 
been supposed that their office may be to sepa- 
rate the watery portions of the blood to be mixed 
with the proper urinous matter. 
Corpora Mammillaria, Mammillary tuber- 
cles- c. Nervio-spongiosa Penis, Corpora caver- 
nosa-c. Nervosa, Corpora cavernosa. 
Corpora Oliva'ria, C. ova'ta, Eminen'tia Oli- 
va'res seu ova'les latera'les, Oli'va, Prominen'tia 
Semibva'lcs Medulla Oblonga'ta, (Eminences la- 
terals, Ch.) Oblong, whitish eminences, situate 
at the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata, 
exterior to the corpora pyramidalia. 
Corpora Ovata, Corpora olivaria-c. Pisifor- 
mia, Mammillary tubercles. 
Corpora Pyramida'lia, Eminen'tia pyrami- 
da'les seu media'na inter'na, Pyra'mides, (F.) 
Corps pyramidaux, Pyramides antirieures (Gall), 
Eminences pyramidales (Ch.) Two small medul- 
lary eminences, placed alongside each other, at 
the occipital surface of the medulla oblongata, 
between the corpora olivaria. These bodies 
have also been called Corpora Pyramidalia an- 
ti'ca, to distinguish them from the C. olivaria, 
which have been called Corpora Pyramidalia 
lutera'lia. 
Corpora Pyramidalia Posteriora, Corpora 
restiformia-c. Quadrigemina, Q. corpora. 
Corpora Restifor'mia, Crura medul'la oblon- 
ga'ta, Pedun'culi medulla oblonga'ta, Corpora 
pyramidalia posterio'ra, Proces'sus d cerebell'o 
ad medull'am oblonga'tam, Pos'terior pyramids, 
Ped'uncles of the medul'la oblonga'ta, Inferior 
peduncles of the cerebellum, (F.) Corps resti- 
formes, Cuisses post&rieures, Pyramides poste- 
rieures, llacines, Bras ou Jambes du cervelet, Pi- 
tites branches de la moelle allongee, Pedoncules 
du cervelet. Two medullary projections, oblong, 
and of a whitish appearance, which proceed from 
each side of the upper extremity of the medulla 
oblongata, and contribute to the formation of the 
cerebellum. 
Corpora Stria'ta, Grand ganglion suptrieur 
du cerveau (Gall), Couches dee nerfs ethmoidaux, 
Corps canneles, Eminen'tia Lenticula'res, Collie'- 
uli Nervi Ethmo'ida'lis, Ap'ices Crurum medul'la 
oblonga'ta, Gan'glion cer'ebri ante'rius, Anterior 
cerebral ganglion,. (F.) Corps strips. Pyriform 
eminences of a slightly brownish-gray colour, 
which form part of the floor of the lateral ventri- 
cles of the brain. When cut, a mixture of gray 
and white substance is seen, arranged alter 
nately, to which they owe their name. The tract 
of fibres that ascends from the anterior pyramids 
passes chiefly into them. Willis considered that 
the soul resided there. 
Corpora Striata Superna Posteriora, Tha 
lami nervorum opticorum-c. Wolffiana, see Cor 
pus Wolffianum. CORPS 
CORPS, Body-c. Bordis, Corpora fimbriata 
c. Calleux, Corpus callosum - c. Canneles, Cor- 
pora striata-c. Caverneux, Corpora cavernosa- 
c. Cendrl, Corpus dentatum - c. Ciliaire, Corpus 
dentatum - c. Dentell, Corpus dentatum - c. 
Stranger, Extraneous body-c. Festonne, Corpus 
dentatum. 
Corps Fibreux, Corpora Fibro'sa. Bayle has 
given this name to adventitious fibrous produc- 
tions of a round form, more or less adherent, 
and sometimes having a pedicle, which form in 
certain parts of the body, particularly in the sub- 
stance of the uterus. 
Corps Frances, Corpora fimbriata - c. Geni- 
cides, Corpora geniculata - c. Godronnl, Fascia 
dentata-c. Hyalo'ide, Corpus vitreum-c. d'Hyg- 
more ou d'Highmore, Corpus Highmori-c. Jaune, 
Corpus luteum-c. Muqueux, Corpus mucosum- 
c. Organises, Organized bodies-c. Pampiniforme, 
Corpus pampiniforme - c. Pyramidaux, Corpora 
pyramidalia-c. Restiformes, Corpora restiformia 
-c. Rhomboids, Corpus dentatum-c. Strils, Cor- 
pora striata-c. Thyro'ide, Thyroid gland-c. Va- 
riciforme, Epididymis-c. Variqneux, Corpus pam- 
piniforme, Epididymis-c. Vitre, Corpus vitreum. 
CORP'ULENT, Corpiden'tus, Obe'sus, Crassus, 
Fat, Fleshy. Having an unusual development 
of fat or flesh in proportion to the frame of the 
body. 
CORPULEN'TIA, Cor'pulence, from corpus, 
'the body,' and lentus, 'thick,' is synonymous 
with Obesity and Polysarcia. 
Corpulentia Carnosa, Torositas. 
CORPUS, Soma, A Body. Any object which 
strikes one or more of our senses. Gases, liquids, 
metals, vegetables, animals, are so many bodies. 
Natural bodies have been divided into animal, 
vegetable, and mineral; or into inorganic, includ- 
ing the mineral kingdom ; and organized, includ- 
ing the animal and vegetable. The chief differ- 
ences between organized and inorganic bodies 
consists in the former having an origin by gene- 
ration, growth by nutrition, and termination by 
death : the latter a fortuitous origin, external 
growth, and a termination by chemical or mecha- 
nical force. 
Many parts of the frame have, also, been dis- 
tinguished by this name, as Corpus Callosum, C. 
Mucosum, &c. See Body. 
Corpus Adeniforme, Prostate-c. Adenoides, 
Prostate - c. Adiposum, Pinguedo - c. Alienum, 
Extraneous-c. Annulare, Pons varolii. 
Corpus Callo'sum, Commissu' ra Magna cer'- 
ebri, Trabs Medulla'ris seu Cer'ebri, Trabec'ula 
seu Cop'ula magna cer'ebri, (F.) Corps Calleux, 
Vodte medullaire, Plafond des ventricules du cer- 
veau, Mesolobe (Ch.) A white, medullary band, 
perceived on separating the two hemispheres of 
the brain, which it connects with each other. 
La Peyronie regarded it as the seat of the soul. 
On it are seen longitudinal and transverse fibres 
- Stria longitudina'les Lancis'ii, and Strice 
transver'sce Willis'ii. The anterior portion, 
which bends downwards, is termed genu; the 
posterior flexure, sple'nium. The fibres, which 
curve backwards into the posterior lobes from 
the posterior border of the corpus callosum, have 
been termed Forceps ; those which pass directly 
outwards into the middle lobes from the same 
point, Tape'turn; and those which curve for- 
wards and inwards from the anterior border to 
the anterior lobes, forceps anterior. 
Corpus Ciliare, Ciliary Body, Corpus denta- 
tum, see Ciliary - c. Cinereum, Corpus dentatum 
- c. Conoldes, Pineal gland - c. Crystalloides, 
Crystalline. 
Corpus Denta'tum, C. Denticula'tum, C. Cili- 
a'rl, (F.) Corps dentele, Corps festonnl. A cen- 
CORPUS 
tral, oval nucleus, of cineritious substance, met 
with in the cerebellum; the circumference of 
which exhibits a number of indentations, sur- 
rounded by medullary substance.-Vieq d'Azyr. 
It is seen by dividing the cerebellum vertically 
into two equal parts. - The same body has been 
called Corps cendri on ciliaire ou rhomboide, 
Corpus Cine'reum, C. Rhombo'ideum seu Rhom- 
bo'idale, Ganglion du cervelet, Noyau central des 
Pedoncules du cervelet, Nucleus dentatus seu fim- 
bria'tus seu centra'lis seu rhomboida'lis, Substan'- 
tia rhombo'idea, Gan'glion cilia're, Gan'glion ce- 
rebelli. The term Corpus denta'tum, Nu'cleus 
oli'vce, is also given to the ganglion of the corpus 
olivare, which, like that of the cerebellum, is a 
yellowish-gray dentated capsule, open behind, 
and containing medullary matter, from which a 
fasciculus of 'Jlbres proceeds upwards to the cor- 
pora quadrigemina and thalami optici. 
Corpus Denticulatum, c. Dentatum - c. Dis- 
coides, Crystalline-c. Externum, Extraneous 
body-c. Extraneum, Extraneous body - c. Ge- 
niculatum, see Corpora Geniculata- c. Glandi- 
forme, Prostate - c. Glandosum, Prostate - c. 
Glandulosum, Prostate. 
Corpus Glandulo'sum Mulie'rum, Gland'ula 
Pros'tat v. mulie'rum. A vascular, spongy emi- 
nence, which surrounds the orifice of the urethra, 
and projects at its under part. 
Corpus Highmo'ri, C. Higkmoria'num, Medi- 
astinum testis, Mea'tus semina'rius, (F.) Corps 
d'Hygmore ou d' Highmore, Sinus des Vaisseaux 
sim'iniferes, (Ch.) An oblong eminence, along 
the superior edge of the testicle, which seems 
formed of a reflection of the tunica albuginea, 
through which the principal trunks of the semi- 
niferous vessels pass before they reach the epidi- 
dymis. 
Corpus Incomprehensible, Thymus. 
Corpus Lu'teum, (F.) Corps jaune. A small 
yellowish body, perceived in the ovarium, and 
left after the rupture of one of the vesicles. It 
was, for a long time, considered an evidence of 
previous impregnation ; but it is now maintained 
that Corpora lutea may be met with in unques- 
tionable virgins; although the corpora lutea of 
virgins have been generally regarded to differ 
materially, in size and character, from those of 
impregnation, which have been called true cor- 
pora lutea, in contradistinction to the other, 
which have been called false corpora lutea. 
Corpus Muco'sum, C. reticula're, Rete. muco'- 
sum, Mucus seu Rete seu Stratum Malpig'hii, Re- 
tic'ulum cuta'neum seu muco'sum, Mesoderm'um, 
Mucous web, (F.) Corps muqueux. The second 
layer of the skin has been so called. It is situ- 
ate between the cutis vera and cuticle, and gives 
colour to the body. In the white varieties of our 
species it is colourless; in the negro, black. By 
some anatomists the existence of such a layer, 
distinct from the epidermis, is denied. 
Corpus Okense, Corpus Wolflfianum. 
Corpus Pampinifor'me, C. Varico'sum, from 
pampinus, ' a tendril.' Cor'pus pyramida'le, He- 
dera'ceus plexus, Plexus pampiniform'is, Plexus 
vasculo'sus funic'uli spermatid pampiniformis, 
(F.) Corps pampiniforme, C. Variqueux. I he 
plexus or retiform arrangement of the spermatic 
arteries and veins in the cavity of the abdomen, 
anterior to the psoas muscle. 
Corpus PapillarE, Textus Papilla'ris, Cor- 
pus reticula're. The nervous and vascular pa- 
pillae situate beneath the epidermis, called by 
Breschet Neurothelic apparatus. 
Corpus Phacoides, Crystalline - c. Pituitare, 
Pituitary gland - c. Psalloides, Lyra - c. Pyra- 
midale, Corpus pampiniforme-c. Reticulare, Cor- 
pus mucosum, Corpus Papillare-c. 
242 CORPUSCLES 
Corpus dentatum-c. Rhomboideum, Corpus den- 
tatum-c. Thymiamum, Thymus-c. Thymicum, 
Thymus - c. Thyreoideum, Thyroid gland - c. 
Turbinatum, Pineal gland-c.Varicosum, Corpus 
pampiniforme, Spermatic chord - c. Varicosum 
testis, Epididymis. 
Corpus Spongio'sum Ure'thrjE, Substan'tia 
spongio'sa ure'thrce. This substance arises before 
the prostate gland, surrounds the urethra, and 
forms the bulb. It then proceeds to the end of 
the corpora cavernosa, and terminates in the 
glans penis, which it forms. Kobelt describes, 
in the female, as the analogue to the corpus spon- 
giosum of the male, a venous plexus, which, as 
it lies between the glans clitoridis, and the part 
that corresponds, in the male, to the bulb of the 
urethra, he terms pars interme'dia. 
Corpus Vit'reum, Humor Vitreus, H. Hya- 
loi'des seu hyal'inus, Glarin'Un humor, Vitreous 
humor, (F.) Corps vitre, C. hyalo'ide, Humeur 
hyalo'ide. The transparent mass, of a gelatinous 
consistence, which fills the eye, behind the crys- 
talline. It is contained in cells, formed by the 
tunica hyaloidea. 
Corpus Wollfia'num, Corpus Oken'se, Wolffian 
body. At a very early period of foetal formation, 
bodies are perceptible, which were first described 
by Wolff, as existing in the fipwl, and in the mam- 
malia by Oken. According to Muller, they dis- 
appear in man very early, so that but slight re- 
mains of them are perceptible after the 9th or 
10th week of pregnancy. They cover the region 
of the kidneys and renal capsules, which are 
formed afterwards; and they are presumed to 
be the organs of urinary secretion during the first 
periods of foetal existence. 
CORPUSCLES, BLOOD, Globules of the blood 
-c. Bone, see Lacunae of Bone - c. Caudate, see 
Caudate - c. Chyle, see Chyle. 
Corpuscles, Exuda'tion. The organizable 
nuclei contained in fibrinous fluids, which are 
the origin of the new tissues formed from such 
fluids 
Corpuscles, Ganglion, see Neurine - c. 
Glandiform, Acinus-c. Lymph, see Lymph - c. 
of Malpighi, Corpora Malpighiana - c. Mucous, 
see Mucus - c. Osseous, see Lacunae of bone. 
Corpuscles, Pacin'ian, so called from Filippo 
Pacini, an Italian physician, who, it is generally 
conceived, first noticed them in 1830. They ap- 
pear, however, to have been depicted in 1741 by 
Lehmann, from a preparation by A. Vater, who 
called them Papilla and P. nervea. Hence, it 
has been proposed by J. C. Strahl (1848) to call 
them Vaterian corpuscles or Corpuscles of Vater 
(Vater'sche Korperchen.) Small bodies con- 
nected with the cutaneous nerves of the palm and 
sole. They have also been found sparingly and 
inconstantly in nerves at the wrist and elbow ; 
in the upper arm, fore-arm, and thigh, and inter- 
costal nerve, the sacral plexus, solar plexus and 
the plexuses adjacent to it. In each corpuscle 
there is the termination of a nervous filament. 
Their uses are not known. 
Corpuscles of Purkinje, see Canaliculus-c. 
Pus, see Pus-c. Pyoid, see Pus-c. Splenic, see 
Spleen-c. of Vater, C. Pacinian-c. White granu- 
lated, see Globulin. 
CORPUSCULA ARANTII, Tubercula A.- 
c. Glandularum similia intestinorum, Peyeri 
glandulae-c. Globosa cervicis uteri, Nabothi 
glandul® - c. Ossium, see Lacunae of bone. 
CORPUSCULUM ARANTII, see Sigmoid 
▼alves - c. Sesamoideum, see Sigmoid valves. 
CORRAGO, Borago officinalis. 
CORRE, Corse, from Kcipui, 'I shave.' (?) The 
temples or the part of the jaws, which it is usual 
to shave.-Gorraeus. 
243 
CORRUPTION 
CORRECTIF, Corrigent. 
CORRECTION, Correc'tio, from corrigere, 
(con, and regere, 'to rule or order,') 'to correct.' 
The act of correcting medicines; that is, of dimi- 
nishing their energy or obviating unpleasant ef- 
fects, by mixing them with substances which 
mitigate their operation. 
CORRECTORIUS, Corrigens. 
CORRELATION, see Synergy. 
CORRIGEEN MOSS, Fucus crispus. 
COR'RIGENT, Cor'rigens, Correcto'rius, Cas- 
ti'gans, Infrin'gens, Emen'dans: same etymon. 
(F.) Correctif. That which corrects. A corri- 
gent, in a pharmaceutical formula, is a substance 
added to a medicine to mollify or modify its ac- 
tion. In the following formula, the aloes, if not 
corrected, might induce tormina. The Olenin 
Mentha is added as a corrigent. 
li Aloes Jj 
Olei Mentha gtt. v 
Syrup q. s. nt fiant Pilula xvj 
CORRIG"IA. A leathern strap. Ey exten- 
sion, the term has been applied to the tendons 
and ligaments. 
CORROB'ORANT, Corrob'orans, Rob' orans, 
Muscula'ris, Restau'rans, Rcstor'ative, Bracing, 
from corroborare, (con, and robur, 'strength,') 
'to strengthen.' (F.) Corroborant, Corroboratif, 
Fortifiant. Any substance which strengthens 
and gives tone. Wine, for example, is a corrobo- 
rant. See Tonic. 
CORROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
CORROBORATIF, Corroborant. 
CORRODANT, Corrosive. 
CORRODENS, Corrosive. 
CORROSIF, Corrosive. 
CORRO'SION, Corro'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'- 
sis, Ero'sio, from con, and rodere, rosum, ' to 
gnaw.' The action or effect of corrosive sub- 
stances. 
CORRO'SIVE, Corro'dens, Diabrot' icus, Cor- 
rosi'vus, same etymon. (F.) Corrosif, Corrodant. 
Corrosives are substances, which, when placed in 
contact with living parts, gradually disorganize 
them. Caustic alkalies, Mineral acids, Corrosive 
sublimate, are corrosives. They act either di- 
rectly, by chemically destroying the part, - or 
indirectly, by causing inflammation and gangrene. 
Corrosive Poison, see Poison. 
CORRUGATIO, Corrugation - c. Cutis, 
Wrinkle. 
CORRUGA'TION, Corruga'tio, Syna'rema, 
from con, and ruga, 'a wrinkle.' Wrinkling, 
Frowning, (F.) Froncement; the contraction of 
the Corrugato'res Supercil'ii muscles. Corruga- 
tion of the skin is often owing to the application 
of styptic medicines : it is rendered by them un- 
equal and rugous. 
CORRUGATOR COITERII, Corrugator su- 
percilii. 
Corruga'tor Supercil'ii, from corrugare, ' to 
wrinkle;' same etymon. Mus'cuius supercil'ii, 
Supercilia'ris, Mus'cuius fronta'lis verus seu Cor- 
ruga'tor Coite'rii, (F.) Cutauio-sourcilier, Muscle 
Sourcilier ou Surcilier, M. Fronto-Sourcilier. A 
muscle situate in the eyebrows. It is attached, 
by its inner extremity, to the superciliary ridge, 
and is confounded, externally, with the occipito- 
frontalis and orbicularis palpebrarum. It carries 
the eyebrow inwards, and wrinkles the skin of 
the forehead. 
CORRUP'TION, Corrup'tio, Phthora, Diaph'- 
thora, from corrumpere, corruptum, (con, and 
rumpere, 'to break,) 'to destroy.' Act of cor- 
rupting. State of being corrupted. Reaction of 
the particles of a body upon each other. It is 
probable that something like corruption may take 
place even in the living body. CORSE 
CORSE, Corre. 
CORSET, from (F.) corps, 'the body.' Ste- 
thodesm'ium, Stethodesm'is, Stethodesm'us, Tu'nica 
Thora'cis, Thorax, Pectora'le. An article of 
dress, which closely embraces the trunk, and is 
much used by females in civilized countries. 
When corsets or stays are worn very tight, many 
serious evils result from the unnatural compression. 
Different bandages, more or less complicated, 
which embrace the greater part of the trunk, are 
likewise so called. 
CORSET DE BRASDOR. The name of a 
bandage invented by one Brasdor, to keep in situ 
the fragments of a fractured clavicle. 
CORTALON, Senecio. 
CORTEX, Phloios, Phloos, Phlous, Lemma, 
Bark, (F.) Ecorce. This word has often been 
applied exclusively to Cinchona: thus, we say 
Bark-the cortex or bark tar It means, 
also, any bark. 
Cortex Adstring"ens Brasilien'sis. An as- 
tringent bark introduced from Brazil into Ger- 
many in the year 1828. It is said to be obtained 
from Mimosa cochleacarpa seu virgina'lis. It 
has been used with advantage in all cases in 
which astringent barks in general are indicated. 
Dose of the powder to >Jss. 
Cortex Alcomoco, Alcomoque-c. Anisi stel- 
lati, see Illicium anisatum - c. Antiscorbuticus, 
Cauella alba - c. Aromaticus, Canella alba - c. 
Aurantii, see Citrus aurantium - c. Canellas Ma- 
labaricae, Laurus cassia-c. Cardinalis del Lugo, 
Cinchona-c. Caryophyllatus, see Myrtus caryo- 
phyllata-c. Caryophylloides, Laurus culilawan. 
Cortex Cer'ebri. The Cor'tical, Oinerit"ious, 
Vesic'ular or Gray substance of the Brain. The 
gray portion observed at the exterior of the cere- 
brum and cerebellum; so called because it forms 
a kind of bark to the medullary substance. Gall 
considers, that this substance forms the nerves; 
and therefore calls it Substance matrice des Nerfs. 
The name cortical is likewise given to the ex- 
ternal substance of the kidneys, because it is of 
a deeper colour than the inner part of the organ, 
and forms a kind of envelope to it. 
Cortex Chacarill?e, Croton Cascarilla - c. 
Chinas, Cinchona-c. Chinas regius, Cinchona- 
c. Crassior, Laurus cassia-c. Culilaban, see Lau- 
rus Culilawan-c. Culilawan, Laurus Culilawan- 
c. Eleutheriae, Croton cascarilla-c. Flavus, Cin- 
chonas cordifoliae cortex-c. Lavola, see Illicium 
anisatum-c. Magellanicus, seeWinteraaromatica. 
Cortex Ovi, Cortical membrane. This mem- 
brane, so called by Boer and Granville, is usually 
regarded as a uterine production, and designated 
Decid'ua reflex'a. They consider it to surround 
the ovule, when it descends into the uterus, and 
to enclose the shaggy chorion. It is absorbed 
during the first months of utero-gestation, so as 
to expose the next membrane to the contact of 
the decidua, with which a connexion takes place 
at the part where the placenta is to be formed. 
In that part, Boer and Granville consider, that 
the Cortex Ovi is never altogether obliterated, 
but only made thinner, and in process of time is 
converted into a mere pellicle or envelope, whieh 
not only serves to divide the filiform vessels of 
the chorion into groups or cotyledons, in order 
to form the placenta, but also covers those coty- 
ledons. This Dr. Granville calls membra'na pro'- 
pria. See Decidua membrana. 
Cortex Pallidus, Cinchonas lancifolias cortex 
* -c. Patrum, Cinchona-c. Peruvianus, Cinchona 
c. Profluvii, Nerium antidysentericum-c. Ruber, 
Cinchonas oblongifoliae cortex - c. Striata den- 
tium, Enamel of the teeth - c. Thuris, Croton 
cascarilla- c. Winteranus, see Wintera aromati- 
cum -c. Winteranus spurius, Canella alba. 
244 
COSMETICS 
COR'TICAL, Cortica'lis ; from cortex, 'bark.' 
Belonging to bark. 
Cortical Matter of the Brain, Cortex Cere- 
bri-c. Membrane, Cortex Ovi-c. Substance of 
the Kidney, see Kidney - c. Substance of the 
Teeth, see Tooth. 
CORTUSA AMERICANA, Ileuehera cortusa. 
CORU. An Indian tree, the bark of whose 
root furnishes a milky juice, which is employed 
in diarrhcea and dysentery. It is also called 
Corn Canar'ica. 
CORUSCATIO, Astrape. 
CORVISARTIA HELENIUM, Inula hele- 
nium. 
CORYBAN'TIASM, Corybantias'mus, Cory- 
bantis'mus, from Kopv/?a$, one of the Corybantes. 
A name formerly given to a kind of phrensy, in 
which the sick were tormented by fantastic vi- 
sions, and perpetual want of sleep. 
CORYDALIS BULBOSA, Fumaria bulbosa- 
c. Cava, Fumaria bulbosa-c. Tuberosa, Fumaria 
bulbosa. 
COR'YLUS AVELLA'NA, Bundurh, Cor'ylus, 
Avella'na, The Hazel-nut Tree, (F.) Coudrier, 
Noisetier; Family, Amentacese; Sex. Syst. Mo- 
noecia Polyandria. The nut,-Filbert, (F.) Ave- 
line ; Hazel-nut, (F.) Noisette, - of this tree, is 
much eaten in many countries. Like all nuts, it 
is by no means easy of digestion. It is the Nux 
avella'na, Kapvov IIwmtikov, of the ancients. 
Cor'ylus Rostra'ta, Beaked Hazel. An in- 
digenous shrub, Nat. Ord. Amentaceae ; Sub-or- 
der, Cupuliferae : Sex. Syst. Monoecia Polyandria; 
the nut of which is surrounded by a coriaceous 
and scaly involucre, terminating in a tube co- 
vered with short and thick bristles. These bristles 
have been given as an anthelmintic in the same 
cases and doses as mueuna. 
CORYMBETliA, Hedera helix. 
CORYNE, Penis. 
CORYPIIE, Acme, Vertex - c. Cordis, see 
Mucro. 
CORY'ZA, Grave'do, Rhini'tis, Catastaq'mos, 
Oatastalag'mos, Stillicid'ium Na'rium, Phlegma- 
torrhag"ia, Blennorrhoe'a nasa'lis,Blennorrhin'ia, 
Des'tillatio, Catar'rhus ad Nares, C. nasa'lis, 
Rhinocatar'rhus, Angi'na nasa'lis: vulgarly, ' run- 
ning at the nose,' 'a cold m the head:' in French, 
Rhume de cerveau, Catarrhe nasal, Enchifrene- 
ment; in Old English, Pose or Nur; whence 
Murren and Murrain; from Kopvs, or Kapa, 'the 
head,' and 'I boil.' Inflammation, attended 
with increased discharge, of the Schneiderian 
membrane lining the nose, and the sinuses com- 
municating with it. The affection generally sub- 
sides without any medical treatment. 
Chronic Coryza is termed, also, Ozce'na be 
nig'na. 
Coryza Entonica, Ozasna-c. Maligna, Ozsena 
-c. Ozaenosa, Ozaena-c. Purulenta, Ozaena-c. 
Scarlatinosa, Rhinocace-c. Ulcerosa, Ozaena-c. 
Virulenta, Ozaena. 
COSCINISMUS, Cribration. 
COSCINOI, see Cribration. 
COSMESIS, Cosmetics. 
COSMET'ICS, Ars cosmet'ica, Callipis'tria, 
Cosme'sis, ( F. ) Cusmitique, from Koapctv, 'to 
adorn,' 'to embellish.' The art of improving 
the beauty. Cosmetic, Stilbo'ma, is, also, used 
for the different means employed for that pur- 
pose; as the compounds into which enter the 
oxides of lead, bismuth, mercury, arsenic, &c. 
All these, however, injure the skin, and often 
give rise to unpleasant cutaneous affections. Fre- 
quent ablution with cold water and bathing are 
the best cosmetics. Essences, soaps, and all the 
preparations intended for the toilet, fall, also, 
under this head. cosm£tique 
COSMETIQUE, Cosmetics. 
COSMETOL'OGY, Cosmetolog"ia, from Kotryctv, 
'to adorn;' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' A treatise 
on the dress, and cleanliness of the body. 
COSMOS, from 'the world,' 'order,' Ac. 
The order which was supposed to preside over 
critical days. Hippocrates and others have termed 
Koapioi, ' bracelets,' employed, not only as orna- 
ments (Kotr/mv, 'to adorn,') but as therapeutical 
agents. 
COSSA, Haunch. 
COSSUM. A malignant ulcer of the nose, often 
of a syphilitic character.-Paracelsus. 
COSSUS, Cossis. A sort of white, short, thick 
worm or larve, found in trees, logs of wood, Ac., 
and used by the Romans as a great article of 
gourmandise. They were, also, applied to ulcers.- 
Pliny. The term has, likewise, been given to 
small vermiform pimples on the face - Acne - 
which arise from inflammation of the sebaceous 
follicles. 
COSTA, Pleura, Pleurum, Pleuro'ma. A Rib, 
from custodire, 'to guard,' 'defend:' (F.) C6te. 
The ribs are 24- in number;-12 on each side. 
They are irregular, long, bony curves: slightly 
flattened, and situate obliquely at the sides of the 
chest. The intervals between them are called 
Intercom'tai spaces, (F.) Espaces intercostaux, and 
they are numbered first, second, third, Ac., reckon- 
ing from above to below. They have been dis- 
tinguished into Costa vera, Pleurapoph'yses of 
Owen, True ribs, (F.) Vraies Cotes, CQtes sternales, 
C6tes verttbro-sternales (Ch.,) and into Costa spu'- 
ria, Mendo'sa Costa, Notha Costa, False ribs, 
Cotes asternales (Ch.,), Fausses C6tes. The true 
or sterna/ ribs, as they have also been called, are 
the first 7 ; which are articulated at one extremity 
to the spine, and at the other, by means of their 
cartilages, hamapophyses of Owen, to the ster- 
num. The false ribs are the remaining 5 : the 
uppermost three being united, by means of their 
cartilages, to the cartilage of the last true rib. 
The others are free at their external extremity, 
and, hence, have been called Floating ribs, Cotes 
fiottantes. The vertebral extremity of each rib 
is slightly expanded. It is called the head of the 
rib-Capit'ulum Costa: the space between this 
and the tubercle is the collum or neck. Anterior 
to the tubercle is the angle. The angle is the part 
where the bone bends to form the lateral part of 
the thorax. 
COSTAS CAPITULUM, see Costa - c. Men- 
dosae, see Costa-c. Spurim, see Costa-e. Veras, 
see Costa. 
COSTAL, Costa'lis, from costa, 'a rib.' Apper- 
taining or relating to a rib-as ' costal cartilage.' 
COSTIVE, Constipated. 
COSTIVENESS, Constipation. 
COSTMARY, Tanacetum balsamita. 
COSTO-AHDOMINAL, Obliquus externus ab- 
dominis-e. Basi-scapulaire, Serratus magnus- 
c. Claviculaire, Subclavian muscle. 
COSTO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Costo-Clavicula'ris. 
Belonging to the ribs and clavicle. 
Costo-Clavic'ular Lig'ament, Cleidocostal 
Ligament, is a fibrous, flattened fascia, which ex- 
tends, obliquely, from the cartilage of the first rib 
to the inferior surface of the clavicle. 
COSTO-CORACOID1EN, Pectoralis minor 
--c. Scapulaire, Serratus magnus. 
COSTO-STERNAL, Costo-Sterna'lis. Relating 
to the ribs and sternum. The articulation of the 
sternum with the anterior extremity of the first 
seven ribs. 
COSTO-TRACHELIA'NUS. Relating to the 
ribs and to the trachelian or transverse processes 
of the neck. Under the name Costo-trache'lian, 
245 
> COTYLEDON 
Chaussier designates the anterior and posterior 
scaleni. 
COSTO-TRANSVERSA'RIUS. Relating to 
the ribs, and to the transverse processes.-Bichat 
gave this name to the articulation of the tubero- 
sities of the ribs with the transverse processes of 
the spine. 
C0ST0-VER'TEBRAL, Costo-vertebra'lis. 
Belonging to the ribs and vertebrae.-Bichat gave 
this name to the articulation of the head of the 
ribs with the vertebrae, and to the ligaments con- 
nected with it. 
COSTO-XIPHOID, Costo-xipho'i'deus. The 
name of a ligament, which unites the cartilage of 
the seventh rib to the xiphoid or ensiform carti- 
lage. 
COSTUS. The ancients seem to have given 
this name to several plants. One has borne the 
appellation, since the time of Dioscorides, - the 
Costus Arab'icus, Costus In'dicus, C. specio'sus seu 
ama'rus, dulcis, orienta'lis, Amo'mum hirsu'tum, 
Helle'nia grandiflo'ra, Bank'sia specio'sa, Tsia'na, 
(F.) Canne Congo, Canne de lliviire: Family, 
Amotneae, Sex. Syst. Monandria Monogynia; the 
root of which is aromatic, and has been considered 
tonic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, <fcc. 
The virtues of the ancient costus are highly ex- 
tolled.-Theophrastus, Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen. 
Costus Amarus, Ac., Costus-c. Arabicus, Cos- 
tus- c. Corticosus, Canella alba - c. llortorum, 
Tanacetum balsamita-c. Hortorum minor, Achil- 
lea ageratum - c. Indicus, Costus-c. Nigra, Cy- 
nara scolymus-c. Speciosus, Costus. 
COSTYLE, Cotyle. 
COTA, Anthemis cotula. 
COTARO'NIUM; an obscure term, used by 
Paracelsus for a universal solvent: such a thing 
as does not exist. 
COTE, Costa. « 
C&TES, COL DES, Collum costarum-c. As- 
ternales, see Costa-e. Fausses, see Costa-c. Flot- 
tantes, see Costa-c. Sternales, see Costa-c. Ver- 
tebrosternales, see Costa-c. Vraies, see Costa. 
COTIGNAC, (pron. cotinniae.) A kind of con- 
serve or preserve, prepared from quinces not en- 
tirely ripe, and sugar. It is esteemed stomachic 
and astringent. 
COTON, Gossypium. 
COTONIA, Pyrus cydonia. 
COTTON, Gossypium. 
COTULA, Anthemis cotula - c. Foetida, An- 
themis cotula. 
Cotula Multif'ida. A South African plant, 
which is used by the Hottentots in rheumatism, 
scalds and cutaneous diseases. 
COTUN'NIUS, LIQUOR OF, Zt?'«or Cotun', 
nii, L. of Cotug'no, Aquula acus'tica, Aqtia audi- 
to'ria, Per'ilymph, (F.) Lympbe de Cotvgno. A 
transparent, slightly viscid fluid, which'fills all 
the cavities of the internal ear, and of which Co- 
tugno made mention. It is also called Aqua La- 
byrinth'i. 
COTURNIX, Tetrao coturnix. 
COTALE, Cot'yla, Cotyle'don, Cos'tyle; the 
same as Acetab' ulum. A hollow cavity in a bone, 
which receives the head of another bone: parti- 
cularly 'the cotyloid cavity.' KorvXri signified a 
drinking cup, and, indeed, any thing hollow, as 
the hollow of the hand.-Athenaeus, 
COTYLEDON, Cotyle-c. Marina, Umbilicus 
marinus. 
Cotyle'don Orbicula'ta. A plant of South 
Africa, Nat. Ord. Crassulacese. The fresh juice 
is used in epilepsy ; and Dr. Pappe speaks well of 
it. The leaves form a good anplicatiou to hard 
corns. Crass'ula arbor es'cens has the same pro 
perties. COT'YLOID 
Cotfle'don Umbili'cus, C. U. Vene'ris, Navel- 
loort, Venus's Navelwort, (F.) Nombril de Venus. 
A plant of the Family, Crassulaceae, which grows 
in Europe on old walls and rocks. The leaves 
are emollient and applied externally to piles, 
inflamed parts, <fcc. Internally, the juice has been 
given in epilepsy. The flowers have been used 
in calculous cases, and in dropsy. 
Cotyle'dons, (kotuX</<W, 'the hollow of a cup,') 
Acetab'ula uteri'na. The lobes which, by their 
union, form the placenta. 
COT'YLOID, CotyloT des, Coty lol'deus, Cotylo'- 
des,from. kotvXi), 'a drinking cup,' and ubos, 'form.' 
Resembling the ancient kotv\>). The name of 
a hemispherical cavity, situate in the os innomi- 
natum, which receives the head of the os femo- 
ris ;-Fossa cotylo'idea, Sinus Coxce, Acetab'ulum, 
Pyxis. 
Cot'yloid Lig'ament, Ligamen'tum Cotylo'i- 
dcum, (F.) Ligament cotylo'idien, is a very thick, 
fibro-cartilaginous ring, surrounding the cotyloid 
cavity, the depth of which it increases. 
COU, Collum - c. du Pied, Instep - c. Gros, 
Bronchocele. 
COUCH GRASS, Triticum repens. 
COUCHE, Couches, (F.), from coucher, 'to lie 
down.' This word is used, 1. For parturition, 
accouchement or delivery (puerpe'rium, parturi"- 
tio;) hence, une couche heureuse, 'a happy deli- 
very ;' une fausse couche, ' a premature delivery:' 
and, 2. For the time during which a female re- 
mains in bed on account of delivery,- Tempus 
puerpe'rii, the child-bed state. The Lochia have 
been termed Suites de couches. Couche also means 
a layer, bed or thalamus, as, 
Couche Celluleuse, Membrana granulosa. 
COUCHER, Decubitus. 
COUCHES DES NERFS ETHMOID AUX, 
Corpora striata-c. des Nerfs oculaires, Thalami 
nervorum opticorum-c. des Nerfs optiques, Tha- 
lami nervorum opticorum-c. Optiques, Thalami 
nervorum opticorum. 
COUCHING, see Cataract. 
COUCINEA COCCINEA, Cacoucia coccinea. 
COUDE, Elbow. 
COUDE-PIED, Instep. 
COUDE E, Cubitus. 
COUDRIER, Corylus avellana. 
COUENNE, (F.), Cutis suil'la. A term given 
to various parts of the human skin, which are 
prominent, hard, brownish, and often covered with 
rough hairs, so as to form patches not very unlike 
the skin of the hog. It is a malformation, occurring 
during intra-uterine existence, and remaining for 
life. See also, Naevus, and Corium phlogisticum. 
COUENNE INFLAMMATOIRE, Corium 
phlogisticum - c. Pleuretique, Corium phlogisti- 
cum. 
COUGH, Tussis - c. Bronchial, C. tubal - c. 
Root, Trillium latifolium. 
Cough, Tubal, Bron'chidl cough, Tussis bron'- 
chica, (F.) Toux tubaire, T. bronchique. Cough 
is so termed, when the succussion communicated 
by it to the parietes of the chest is very energetic, 
and a sensation is experienced by the ear as if a 
column of air was traversing with much noise, 
strength, and rapidity, tubes with solid walls. 
Cough, Winter, Bronchitis, (chronic.) 
COUGHING, Tussis. 
COULER, To strain. 
COULEUVREj Coluber berus. 
COULEUVREE, Bryonia alba. 
COULISSE, (F.) 'A groove, a gutter.' Ana- 
tomists designate, by this name, every deep groove 
or channel in a bone, in which a tendon plays;- 
such as the Coulisse Bicipitale or Bicipital Groove 
of the Humerus. 
COULISSE BICIPITALE, Bicipital groove- 
246 
CO URGE 
c. Hum&rale, Bicipital groove. 
COULOIR, Colatorium. 
COUM, Colchicum autumnale. 
COUNTENANCE, Vultus, Voltus, Visage, (F.) 
Figure, Visage : from cum, ' with,' and teneo, ' I 
hold.' The form of the face. The system of the 
features. 
COUNTER - EXTEN'SION, Contra - exten'sio, 
Antit'asis, (F.) Contre-extension, from contra-ex- 
tendere, ' to extend in a contrary direction.' It 
consists in retaining firmly and immovably the 
upper part of a limb, whilst extension is practised 
on the lower, in cases of fracture or luxation. 
COUNTER-INDICATION, Contra-indica'tio, 
Antendeix'is, Antendix'is, Antideixis. An indi- 
cation contrary to another. (F.) Contre-indica- 
tion. Any circumstance, which acts as an obstacle 
to the employment of such therapeutical means as 
seem to be indicated by other circumstances. 
COUNTER-IRRITANT, see Counter-irrita- 
tion- c. Granville's, (Lotion,) Granville's Coun- 
ter-irritant. 
COUNTER-IRRITATION, Contra-irrita'tio. 
An irritation, excited in a part of the body, with 
the view of relieving one existing in another part. 
The remedies used for this purpose are called 
Counter-irritants, and form a most valuable class 
of remedial agents. See Derivation. 
COUNTERSTROKE, Contrafissura. 
COUNTING, METHOD OF, Method, numeri- 
cal. 
COUP, Blow-c. de Feu, Wound, gunshot. 
COUP DE MAITRE ou TOUR DE MAt- 
TRE, (F.) A masterly stroke or performance. 
Applied to a mode of introducing the sound or 
catheter into the bladder, which consists in first 
passing it with its convexity towards the abdomen 
of the patient, and giving it a half turn towards 
the right groin, when its extremity has reached 
the root of the penis under the symphysis pubis. 
There is no advantage in this mode of introduction. 
COUP DE SANG, (F.) A common term, used 
by some physicians in France, to designate the 
loss of sensation and motion, which results from 
hemorrhage in the brain, or from simple conges- 
tion in the vessels of that organ. See Apoplexy. 
Some authors have comprehended, under the same 
denomination, different hemorrhages, which occur 
in the areolar texture of the face, lungs, skin, <fcc. 
COUP DE SOLE IL, (F.) Siri'asis, Seiri'asis, 
Siriasis ./Egyptiaca, Ictus solis, Ictus sola'ris, In- 
sola'tio, Encephali'tis insolatio'nis, Phreni'tis ca- 
lentu'ra, Stroke of the sun, ./Egyptian Starstroke 
or Sunstroke. Any affection produced by the ac- 
tion of the sun on some region of the body;-head, 
hands, arms, &c. A very common effect of ex- 
posing the naked head to the sun is inflammation 
of the brain or its meninges, which Sauvages calls 
Cams ab Insolatio'ne, Morbus solstitia'lis. 
COUPE-BRIDE, Kiotome. 
COUPEROSE, Gutta rosea. 
COUPURE, Cut, Wound (incised.) 
COURANTE, Diarrhoea. 
COURAP. A distemper, very common in In- 
dia, in which there is a perpetual itching of the 
surface, and eruption. It is of an herpetic cha- 
racter, and appears chiefly on the axilla, groins, 
breast, and face. 
COURBARIL, see Anime. 
COURBATURE, (F.) Acer'ba lassitu'do, Vio- 
lent lassitude, Fatigue. An indisposition, charac- 
terized by a sensation, as if the limbs were bruised, 
general feeling of debility, extreme lassitude; 
and, sometimes, slight fever. It appears imme- 
diately after severe exercise, but sometimes not 
till the next day. Rest removes it. 
COURBURE, Curvature. 
COURGE, Cucurbita pepo. COURMI 
COUR MI or CURMI, Kovppi, Kvppt A fer- 
mented liquor, made from barley. A kind of ale 
or beer.-Dioscorides. 
COURO-MOELLI. An Indian tree, the bark 
of which is said to be anti-venomous. 
COURON'DI, Couron'do. An evergreen tree 
of India, the juice of which, mixed with warm 
whey, is said to cure dysentery.-Ray. 
COURONNE GIL I AIRE, Godronni canal - 
c. du Dent, Crown of a tooth-c. du Gland, Crown 
of the glans-e. du Trepan, Crown of the trepan 
-c. de Venue, Crown of Venus. 
CO UR ONNE RA YONNANTE (F.) A term 
given by Reil to the fan-shaped terminations of 
the crura cerebri in the brain. 
COURONNEMENT (F.), Coro'na. A vulgar 
expression, sometimes used to designate the cir- 
cular ring, which the os uteri forms around the 
head of the child at a certain period of accouche- 
ment:-the head seeming to be surrounded, as it 
were, by a crown. The head is then said to be 
au couronnement. 
COURS DE VENTRE, Diarrhoea. 
COURSE, Running. 
COURSES, Menses. 
COURT, Short. 
COURTE HALEINE, Dyspnoea. 
COUSIN, Culex. 
CO USS [NET, Pad. 
COUTE AU, Knife - c. d Amputation, Knife, 
amputation - c. d Cataracte, Knife, cataract-c. 
Courbe, Knife, crooked - c. d Crochet, Knife, 
crotchet-c. Diearticulateur, Knife, double-edged 
-c. Droit, Knife, amputation-c. de Feu, Cultel- 
laire- c. Interonseux, Knife, double-edged - c. 
Lenticulaire, Knife, lenticular - c. Lithotome - 
Knife, lithotomy - c. en Serpette, Knife en ser- 
pette-c. Symphyeien, see Symphyseotomy-c. d 
Deux tranchane, Knife, double-edged. 
COUTOU'BEA ALBA, Ex'acum spica'tum, 
Pi'crium epica'tum. A plant of Guiana, which 
is very bitter, and is considered, in the country, 
to be emmcnagogue, anthelmintic, and antidys- 
peptic. 
COUTURES PAR LA PETITE VEROLE, 
see Cicatrix. 
COUTURIER, Sartorius. 
COUVERCLE, see Crucible. 
COUVRECHEF (F.), CacuZ'Ziw, Faecia'tio 
cuculla'ta,Scepaeter'ium,Scepae'trum. A bandage, 
applied to the head for retaining certain dress- 
ings, <fcc. in eitu. The French surgeons distin- 
guish two kinds. 1. The Grand Couvrechef ou 
Servette en carrf (Cueul'lue major,) which is 
formed of a napkin or large square compress: 
and, 2. The Petit Couvrechef ou Mouehoir en tri- 
angle (Cucul'lus minor,) formed of a napkin or 
other square compress, folded from one angle to 
the other diagonally opposite to it. 
COUVRECHEF, see Bandage, Galen's. 
COVE, CLIMATE OF. On the northern side 
of Cork Harbour, in Ireland, is the Island of 
Cove. The town of Cove is on the southern ac- 
clivity of a hill running from east to west. It is, 
consequently, sheltered from the north winds, 
and receives the full force of the sun. It is one 
of the mildest climates in Great Britain, and cor- 
responds in its influence on disease with the 
south-west of England. It is well adapted as a 
winter retreat for the phthisical. 
COVOLAM, Crates'va Marmelot. The bark of 
this tree is tonic: the unripe fruit is astringent: 
but, when ripe, is delicious. 
COWBANE, Cicuta aquatica. 
COWBERRY, Vaccinium vitis idaea. 
COWHAGE, Dolichos pruriens. 
COWITCH. Dolichos pruriens. 
COWPARSNEP, Heracleum lanatum. 
247 
CRAB 
COWPER'S GLANDS, Ac'ceasory glands, (F.) 
Glandes accessoires, G. de Cowper, Prostates inf(- 
rieures ou Petites prostates. Two small ovoid 
groups of mucous, reddish follicles, situate behind 
the bulb of the urethra, before the prostate, the 
excretory ducts of which open into the bulbous 
portion of the urethra. They are also called 
Gian'dulce antepros'tatce, and G. pros'tatce infe- 
rio'res. 
Cowper's Glands in the Female, Glands of 
Duverney, Glands of Bartholimis, Pros'tata mu- 
lie'bris seu Bartholi'ni, are situate at each side 
of the entrance of the vagina, beneath the skin 
covering the posterior or inferior part of the labia. 
They are rounded, but elongated, flat, and bean- 
shaped; their long diameter varying from five to 
ten lines; their transverse, from two and a half 
to four and a quarter; and their thickness from 
two and a quarter to three lines. Like Cowper's 
glands in the male, they are not invariably pre- 
sent. The secretion from them is a thick, tena- 
cious, grayish-white fluid, which is emitted in 
great quantity during sexual intercourse; and is 
probably the fluid, supposed, of old, to be the fe- 
male sperm. 
COWPOX, Vaccina-c. Inoculation, Vaccina- 
tion - c. Itch, see Itch, cowpox - c. Vesicle, see 
Vaccination. 
COWRAP, Impetigo. 
COWSLIP, Primula veris-c. Jerusalem, Pul- 
monaria. 
COWWEED, Chmrophyllum sylvestre. 
COXA, Haunch. 
C0X2ELUVIUM, Bath, hip. 
COX AGRA, Neuralgia' femoro-poplitma. 
COXAL'GIA, Merocoxal'gia, Osphyal'gia, Os- 
phyalge'ma. A word of hybrid origin, from coxa, 
' hip,'and aXyoj,'pain.' Pain in the hip. A sign 
of rheumatic or other inflammation-Coxi'tis, or 
of some disease about the hip-joint. See Neu- 
ralgia femoro-poplitaaa, and Coxarum morbus. 
COXARTHRITIS, Coxitis. 
COXARTHROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
COXA'RUM MORBUS,Ooxen'dicus seu Coxa'- 
rius morbus, Arthroc'ace coxa'rum, Coxarthroc'- 
ace, Osphy arthroc'ace, Coxal'gia (of some), Hip 
disease. A scrofulous caries, and often sponta- 
neous luxation of the head of the os femoris, oc- 
casioning permanent shortening of the limb, and 
not unfrequently hectic and death. 
COXEN'DIX, Haunch. This word has been 
used synonymously with ischium; and anato- 
mists have also applied it to the ilia, Ossa 
Coxen'dicis. 
COXI'TIS, Coxarthri'tis, a hybrid term, from 
Coxa, 'the hip,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the hip-joint. 
COXO-FEM'ORAL, Coxo-femora'lis. Belong- 
ing to the coxal bone or ileum, and to the os fe- 
moris. Ilio-femoral has the same signification. 
Coxo-Fem'oral Articula'tion, Il'io-Femoral 
A., (F.) Articulation de la Hanche, the Hip joint. 
The head of the femur and the articular cavity are 
covered by a diarthrodial cartilage and synovial 
capsule; and by a very strong capsular or artic- 
ular ligament attached to the circumference of 
the cotyloid cavity, and to the neck of the femur. 
There is, also, a round or interarticuZar ligament, 
passing from the inferior notch of the cotyloid 
cavity to the rough depression at the top of the 
caput femoris; and a cotyloid ligament,a sort 
of thick, cartilaginous ring, situate on the edge 
of the cotyloid cavity, and converting the infe- 
rior notch into a foramen. These are the great 
means of union in this extensive articulation. 
CRAB, As'tacus fluviat'ilis, Cancer, Gam'ma- 
rus, Gam'barus, Cam'marus, (F.) Crabbe, Ecre- 
visse, Escrevice. A shell-fish much used as an CRABE 
article of diet. Like other shell-fish it is apt to 
disagree, and excite urticaria, <fcc. 
CRABE, Crabyaws. 
CRABLOUSE: a species of Pedic'ulus, P. 
Pubis, which infests the pudendum and axilla. 
(F.) Morpion. It is easily destroyed by the 
white precipitate of mercury, or by mercurial 
ointment. 
CRABS' EYES, Cancrorum chelae-c. Stones, 
Cancrorum chelae. 
CRABYAWS, (F.) Crabe. A name in the 
West Indies for a kind of ulcer on the soles of 
the feet, with edges so hard, that they are diffi- 
cult to cut. 
CR ACHAT, Sputum. 
CRACHEMENT, Excreation-c. de Pus, Vo- 
mica, Phthisis pulmonalis-c. de Sang, Haemop- 
tysis. 
CRACHOTEMENT (F.), from eracber, 'to 
spit.' The frequent spitting of a small quantity 
of saliva. 
CRACKLING OF LEATHER, see Craque- 
ment de cuir. 
CRACOW GROATS, Semolina. 
CRADLE, Sax. cpabel, Ar'culus, Solen, (F.) 
Arceau ou Arcbet. A semicircle of thin wood, 
or strips of wood, used for preventing the contact 
of the bed-clothes in wounds, fractures, <tc. An 
ordinance of the Grand Duke of Tuscany forbade 
mothers and nurses to sleep with a child near 
them, unless it was placed under a solid cradle 
of this kind, in order that no accident might 
arise from overlaying. 
CRJE'PALE, from KpaiiraXq, Crap'ula, 'drunk- 
enness, surfeit.' A derangement of the functions 
of the brain, Jtc., produced by wine or any other 
fermented liquor.-Galen. 
CRATE, Creta. 
CRAM A, Kpapa, from Ktpau>, 'I mix.' A mix- 
ture of any kind. Dilute wine. 
CRAMBE, Cabbage. 
CRAM'BION, from spaylJri, 'cabbage.' A de- 
coction of cabbage.-Hippocrates. 
CRAMP, from (G.) krampfen, 'to contract.' 
Crampus, Enta'sia systrem'ma, Tet'anus dolorif'- 
icus, Myospas'mus, Spasmus muscula'ris, Myal'- 
qia, Rhege, Rhegma, Rbegmus. A sudden, invo- 
luntary, and highly painful contraction of a 
muscle or muscles. It is most frequently expe- 
rienced in the lower extremities, and is a common 
symptom of certain affections:-as of Colica Pic- 
ton um and Cbolera Morbus. Friction and com- 
pression of the limb, by means of a ligature 
applied round it above the muscles affected, will 
usually remove the spasm. 
Cramp, Scriveners', Cramp, Writers'. 
Cramp of the Stomach, (F.) Crampe de I'Es- 
248 
CRANIOLOGY 
tomac. A sudden, violent, and most painful affec- 
tion of the stomach, with sense of constriction in 
the epigastrium. It seems to be the effect of the 
spasmodic contraction of the muscular coat of the 
stomach, and requires the use of the most powerful 
stimulants and antispasmodics, of which opium 
is the best. 
Cramp, Writers', Graphospasm'i<», Mogi- 
graph'ia, (F.) Crampe dee Eerivaine, Scriv'eners' 
Cramp, Stam'mering of the Fingere. A condition 
of the fingers, in which they are unable to hold 
the pen, or in which one or more of the muscles of 
the fingers are irregularly and irresistibly con- 
tracted. 
CRAMPE DESECRIVAINS, Cramp,Writers'. 
CRAMPE DE L'ESTOMAC, Cramp of the 
stomach. 
CRAN DE BRETAGNE, Cochlearia armo- 
racia. 
CRANBERRY, Vaceinium oxycoccos - c. 
American, Common, see Vaceinium oxycoccos - 
c. Upland, Arbutus uva ursi. 
CRANE, Cranium - c. Humain, Cranium hu- 
manum. 
CRANE'S BILL, Geranium-c. Spotted, Ge- 
ranium maculatum - c. Stinking, Geranium Ro- 
bertianum. 
CRANIOCELE, Encephalocele. 
CRANIOHJEMATONCUS, Cephalsvmatoma. 
CRANIOL'OGY, Craniot'eopy, Craniolog"ia, 
Phrenol'ogy, Cranioeeop'ia, C. Gallia'na, Ence- 
phaloscop' ia, Doctri'na Gallia'na. Words, intro- 
duced, since Gall, into medical language. The 
first two terms are respectively derived from 
Kpavtov, 'cranium,' Xoyot, 'a discourse,' and ckokuv, 
'to examine.' They signify a description, or 
simply an examination of the different parts of 
the external surface of the cranium, in order to 
deduce from thence a knowledge of the different 
intellectual, and moral dispositions. Strictly 
speaking, it is by Cranioscopy that we acquire a 
knowledge of Craniology, Organology or Cran- 
ology, as it has been variously termed. These 
words are generally, however, used in the same 
sense. The cranium being moulded to the brain, 
there are as many prominences on the bone, as 
there are projections at the surface of the brain. 
According to Gall, each projection, which he calls 
an organ, is the seat of a particular intellectual 
or moral faculty, and all persons endowed with 
the same faculty, have, at the same part of the 
brain, a prominence, which is indicated, exter- 
nally, by a bump or projection in the bony case. 
The System of Gall is made to comprise 27 pro- 
minences, which answer to 27 faculiies. The fol- 
lowing Table exhibits these supposed organs, and 
their seat. 
Cerebral Organs and their Seat, according to Gall. 
1. Instinct of generation, of reproduction ; ama- 
tiveness; instinct of propagation ; venereal 
instinct. 
{German.) Z e u g u n g s t r i e b, Fortpflan- 
zungstrieb, G e s c h 1 e c h t s t r i e b. 
Seated in the cerebellum. It Is manifested at the 
surface of the cranium by two round protube- 
rances, one on each side of the nape of the 
neck. 
2. Love of progeny ; philoprogenitiveness. 
(G.) Jungenliebe, Kinderliebe. 
Indicated at the external occipital protuberance. 
3. Attachment, friendship. 
(G.) Freundschaftsinn. 
4. Instinct of defending self and property ; love 
of strife and combat; combativeness; courage. 
(G.) Muth, Raufsinn, Zanksinn. 
About the middle of the posterior margin of the 
parietal bone, anterior to the last. 
Seated a little above the ears, in front of the last, 
and towards the mastoid angle of the parietal 
bone. 
5. Carnivorous instinct; inclination to murder . 
destructiveness ; cruelty. 
(G.) Wurgsinn, Mordsinn. 
Greatly developed in all the carnivorous animals; 
forms a prominence at the posterior and supe- 
rior part of the squamous surfhce of the tem- 
poral bone, above the mastoid process. CRANIOLOGY 
249 
CRANIOLOGY 
6. Cunning; finesse ; address; secretiveness. 
(G.) List, Schlauheit, Klugheit. 
Above the meatus auditorius externus, upon the 
sphenoidal angle of the parietal bone. 
Anterior to that of cunning, of which it seems to 
be a prolongation, and above that of mechanics, 
with which it contributes to widen the cranium, 
by the projection which they form at the side 
of the frontal bone. 
7. Desire of property ; provident instinct; cupi- 
dity ; inclination to robbery ; acquisitiveness. 
(G.) E i g e n t h u m s s i n n, Hang zu stehl- 
en, Einsammlungssinn, Diebsinn. 
8. Pride; haughtiness; love of authority ; ele- 
vation. 
(G.) Stolz, Hochmuth, Hohensinn. 
Herrschsucht. 
Behind the top of the head, At the extremity of 
the sagittal suture, and on the parietal bone. 
9, Vanity/ ambition; love of glory. 
(G.) Eitelkeit, Ruhmsucht, Ehrgeiz. 
Situate at the side of the last, near the posterior 
internal angle of the parietal bone. 
10. Circumspection ; foresight. 
(G.) B e h u t s am k e i t, Vorsicht, Vor- 
sichtigheit. 
Corresponds to the parietal protuberance. 
11. Memory of things ; memory of facts ; sense 
of things; educability; perfectibility; docility. 
(G.) Sachedachtniss, Erziehungs- 
fahigkeit, Sachsinn. 
Situate at the root of the nose, between the two 
eyebrows, and a little above them. 
Answers to the frontal sinus, and is indicated ex- 
ternally by two prominences at the inner edge 
of the eyebrows, near the root of the nose, and 
outside of the organ of memory of things. 
12. Sense of locality; sense of the relation of 
space ; memory of places. 
(G.) Ortsiun, Raumsinn. 
13. Memory of persons ; sense of persons. 
(G.) P e r s o n e n s i n n. 
At the inner angle of the orbit. 
14. Sense of words; sense of names ; verbal me- 
mory. 
(G.) Wordgedachtniss, Namensinn. 
Situate at the posterior part of the base of the 
two anterior lobes of the brain, on the frontal 
part of the bottom of the orbit, so as to make 
the eye prominent. 
15. Sense of spoken language; talent of philo- 
logy ; study of languages. 
(G.) S p r a c h f o r s c h u n g s s i n n, Wort- 
sinn, Sprachsinn. 
Also at the top of the orbit, between the preced- 
ing and that of the knowledge of colour. 
16. Sense of the relations of colour; talent of 
painting. 
(G.) F ar b e n s i n n. 
The middle part of the eyebrows, encroaching a 
little on the forehead. 
17. Sense of the relations of tones ; musical ta- 
lent. 
(G.) T o n s i n n. 
A little above and to one side of the last; above 
the outer third of the orbitar arch. 
18. Sense of the relations of numbers ; mathema- 
tics. 
(G.) Zahlensinn. 
On the outside of the organ of the sense of the 
relation of colour, and below the last. 
19. Sense of mechanics ; sense of construction ; 
talent of architecture ; industry. 
(G.) Kunstsinn, Bausinn. 
A round protuberance at the lateral base of the 
frontal bone, towards the temple, and behind 
the organs of music and numbers. 
20. Comparative sagacity. 
(G.) Vergleichender Scharfsinn. 
At the middle and anterior part of the frontal 
bone, above that of the memory of things. 
21. Metaphysical penetration ; depth of mind. 
(G.) Metaphysischer Tiefsinn. 
In part confounded with the preceding. Indi- 
cated at the outer side of the last by a protu- 
berance, which gives to the forehead a peculiar 
hemispherical shape. 
22. Wit. 
(G.) Witz. 
At the lateral and outer part of the last; and giv- 
ing greater width to the frontal prominence. 
23. Poetical talent. 
(G.) Dichtergeist. 
On the outer side of the last; divided into two 
halves by the coronal suture. 
24. Goodness; benevolence ; mildness ; compas- 
sion ; sensibility ; moral sense; conscience; 
bonhommie. 
(G.) G u t m ii t h i gk e i t, Mitleiden, mo- 
ralischer Sinn, Gewissen. 
Indicated by an oblong prominence above the 
organ of comparative sagacity; almost at the 
frontal suture. 
25. Imitation ; mimicry. 
(G.) Nacbahmungssinn. 
26. God and religion ; theosophy. 
(3.) Theosophisches Sinn. 
At the outer side of the last. 
At the top of the frontal bone and at the superior 
angles of the parietal bone. 
27. Firmness; constancy ; perseverance ; obsti- 
nacy. 
(G.) Stetigkeit, Festersinn. 
The top of the head; at the anterior and most 
elevated part of the parietal bone. 
The first nineteen of these, according to Gall, 
are common to man and animals; the remaining 
eight, man possesses exclusively. They are, con- 
sequently, the attributes of humanity. 
Organs according to Spurzheim. 
1. Amativeness. - 2. Philoprogenitiveness.- 
3. Inhabitiveness. - 4. Adhesiveness or Attach- 
ment.-5. Combativeness.-6. Destructiveness.- 
7. Constructiveness.-8. Acquisitiveness.-9. Se- 
cretiveness.-10. Self-esteem.-11. Love of Ap- 
probation.-12. Cautiousness.-13. Benevolence. 
-14. Veneration.-15. Firmness.-16. Conscien- 
tiousness or Justice. -17. Hope. -18. Marvel- 
lousness.-19. Wit.-20. Ideality.-21. Imitation. 
-22. Individuality.-23. Form.-24. Size.-25. 
Weight and Resistance.-26. Colour.-27. Loca- 
lity.-28. Numeration.-29. Order.-30. Eventu- CRANIOMETRY 
ality.- 31. Time. - 32. Melody or Tune. - 33. 
Language. - 34. Comparison. - 35. Causality. 
A fundamental principle with the Craniolo- 
gists or Phrenologists is,-that the hrain does not 
act as a single organ, but that it consists of a 
plurality of organs: but, were we able to admit 
this, the assignment of the seat of different facul- 
ties could not but be considered premature. 
CRANIOM'ETRY, Graniomet'ria ; from Kpa- 
vtov, 'the cranium,' and parpov, 'measure.' Mea- 
surement of the skull. 
CRANIOPATHI'A; from Kpaviov, 'the cra- 
nium,' and nadof, ' disease.' Disease of the cra- 
nium. 
CRANIOSCOPY, Craniology. 
CRANIO-SPINAL, Cephalo-spinal. 
CRANIO'TABES; from cranium, 'the skull,' 
and tabes, ' wasting.' A softening of the bones 
of the cranium, and a consequent thinness of those 
bones,-as the occiput, {soft occiput,)-which are 
much exposed to pressure. It is a variety of 
rickets.-Elsasser. 
CRANIOT'OMY, Craniotom'ia; from Kpaviov, 
'the cranium,' and roprj, 'incision.' The opera- 
tion of opening the head in parturition. 
Craniotomy Forceps. An instrument, resem- 
bling the lithotomy forceps, for laying hold of 
and breaking down the bones of the head, in par- 
turition. 
CRANIUM, Cra'nion, Granum, Calva'ria, Sca'- 
phion, Conchus, Galva, Olla cap'itis, Theca cer'- 
ebri, Brain-pan, the skull; from Kpavo;, 'a hel- 
met,' or from Kpavov, 'head.' (F.) Crane. The 
collection of bones which form the case for lodg- 
ing the brain and its membranes, as well as their 
vessels, and some of the nerves. These bones 
are eight in number-the frontal, occipital, two 
parietal, two temporal, the sphenoid, and ethmoid. 
Besides these, there might be considered, as be- 
longing to the cranium, the cornua sphenoidalia, 
the bones of the ear, and the ossa Wormiana. 
Dr. Prichard has characterized the primitive 
forms of the skull according to the width of the 
Bregma, or space between the parietal bones: 1. 
The Stenobregmate, (<rrcvo{, 'narrow,') or Ethio- 
pian variety. 2. The Mesobregmate, {pcaos, 'mid- 
dle,') or Caucasian variety; and 3. The Platy- 
bregmate, {i:\arvs, 'broad,') or Mongolian variety. 
Cranium Huma'num, Human Cra'nium, (F.) 
Crane humain. This was anciently much used 
in prescriptions, and was considered anti-epilep- 
tic, alexipharmic, antiloimic, <fcc. 
CRANOMANCY, Cranomanti'a, from Kpavov, 
'the head,' and pavrtta, 'divination.' (F.) Cra- 
nomancie. The art of divining-from the inspec- 
tion of the head or cranium-the moral disposi- 
tions and inclinations of individuals. 
CR ANSON, Cochlearia officinalis. 
CRANSSAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Cranssac is a village in the department of Avey- 
ron, six leagues from Rhodez, which possesses 
acidulous chalybeate springs, that have been 
known for a long time. 
CRANTER, from epaiveiv, 'to finish,' 'render 
perfect.' The Dens Sapien'tia has been so called. 
GRANUM, Cranium. 
CRAPULA, Craepale. 
GRAQUEMENT DE CUIR, (F.) 'Crackling 
of leather.' A sound like the crackling of new 
leather, sometimes heard on examining the heart 
with the stethoscope. It has been supposed to 
be symptomatic of pericarditis. 
CRAQUEMENT PULMONAIRE, (F.) 'Pul- 
monary crackling.' This bruit or sound consists 
in a succession of small cracklings, heard during 
inspiration, and almost always at the top of the 
lung. It is heard at the commencement of phthisis. 
CRASIS ; from Kipawvpu, 'I mix.' A mixture 
of the constituents of a fluid; as the crasis of the 
250 
CREASOTE 
blood, humours, &c. The word has also been 
employed in a more extensive signification, as 
synonymous with Constitution, Temperament, &C. 
CRASPEDON, Staphyloedema. 
CRASSAMEN'TUM, from erassus, 'thick.' 
The thick part or deposit of any fluid. It is par- 
ticularly applied to the clot of the blood. 
Crassamentum Sanguinis, see Blood. 
CRASSE, (F.) Dirt or impurity. A sort of 
layer or endm't, which covers the skin, where 
cleanliness is not attended to; and which is 
sometimes the result of the cutaneous exhala- 
tion ; at others, of extraneous matter adhering to 
the surface of the body. 
CRASSE'NA. A term by which Paracelsus 
designated the saline, putrescent, and corrosive 
principles, which, he thought, gave rise to ulcers 
and tumours of different kinds. 
CRASSULA, Sedum telephium - c. Arbores- 
cens, see Cotyledon orbiculata-c. Portulacacea, 
c. Tetragona. 
Cras'sula Tetrago'na. A South African 
succulent plant, which is somewhat astringent. 
Boiled in milk it is used in diarrhcca. Crassula 
portulaca'cea is said to be used in similar cases. 
CRASSUS, Corpulent. 
CRAT2E'GUS A'RIA, from Kparos, 'strength,' 
owing to the hardness of the wood. Mes'pilus, 
if. A'ria, Aria seu Sorbus, S. Aria seu Alpi'na, 
White Bean Tree, (F.) Alisier blanc, Alouche, 
Alouchier. The fruit, which is of the size of a 
small pear, is slightly astringent, and somewhat 
agreeable to the taste. It has been employed in 
diarrhoea. 
CRATA?VA MARMELOS, Covolam. 
CRATERAU'CHEN, from Kpartpo;, 'strong,' 
and avxpv, ' neck.' One with a strong neck : as 
well as a strong neck itself. 
CRATEV2ESIUM, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
CRATOS, Force. 
CRAUTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Craute 
is a village five leagues from Autun, in France, 
where are mineral springs, containing sulpho- 
hydrate of magnesia, chloride of sodium, chlo- 
ride of lime, sulphate of lime, and carbonate of 
magnesia. 
CRA VATE SUISSE (F.) A band of the lon- 
gitudinal or superficial layer of the muscular 
fibres of the stomach, along the lesser curvature 
of the organ, the shape of which it assists in pre- 
serving ; - so called, on account of a fancied re- 
semblance to a Swiss cravat. 
CRAYEUX, Cretaceous. 
CRA YON NOIR, Graphites. 
CRAZINESS, Insanity. 
CRAZY, Insane. 
CREA, Shin. 
CREAM, Cremor, (F.) Crime. A thick, unctu- 
ous matter, of a yellowish-white colour, and sweet, 
agreeable taste, which rises to the surface of milk, 
if kept at rest. It is composed of butter, serum, 
and casein. 
Crime is a name given in France to bouillies 
prepared with farina of different kinds; as the 
Cream of Rice, (F.) Crime de Riz, C. of Barley, 
(F.) C. d'Orge, 4c. 
Cream, Cold, Ceratum Galeni, Unguentum 
Aquae rosae-c. of Tartar, Potassae supertartras. 
CRE'ASOTE, Cre'osote, Creaso'tum, Kre'asote, 
Creaso'ton, Creazo'ton ; from Kpcas, 'flesh,' and 
autrrip, 'a preserver.' A substance discovered not 
long ago by Reichenbach. It is obtained from 
tar, by distillation, and appears to be the active 
antiseptic and medicinal agent in tar-water and 
crude pyroligneous acid. It is a colourless trans- 
parent fluid, of a penetrating and disagreeable 
odour, and is freely soluble in alcohol and acetio 
acid. Its taste is bitter. S. g. 1.037. It coagu- 
lates albumen, whence its haemostatic power. It CREATINE 
is a most powerful antiseptic; and has been 
largely administered in hemorrhages both inter- 
nally and externally. As an external applica- 
tion, it has been used in burns, ulcers, especially 
those of a sloughing character, chronic cutaneous 
affections, and has been applied to tapeworm when 
protruded, Ac. Internally, it has been adminis- 
tered in phthisis, vomiting, diabetes mellitus, ner- 
vous diseases, chronic glanders, Ac. The dose 
internally is one or two drops. Externally, it is 
sometimes applied pure; at others, diluted, and 
commonly with water, to ;) or in the 
form of ointment, (fjss to 3,j of cerate.) 
CRE'ATINE, Cre'atin, Creati'na, Kre'atine, 
from K-peay, ' flesh.' A nitrogenized crystallizable 
neutral substance, obtained by the agency of 
water and heat in making broths and soups. It 
does not combine either with acids or alkalies. 
By the action of strong acids, creatine is con- 
verted into Creatinine or Kreatinine, a substance 
which has a strong alkaline reaction, and forms 
crystallizable salts with acids. It preexists to a 
small extent in the juice of flesh; and is found 
in conjunction with creatine in urine. 
CREATININE, see Creatine. 
CREATOPIIAGUS, Carnivorous. 
CREAZOTON, Creasote. 
CREEPER, TRUMPET, Tecoma radicans- 
c. Virginia, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Tecoma 
radicans. 
CRE MASON, Pyrosis. 
CREMAS'TER, Suspendic'ulum, Eleva'tor Tes- 
tic'uli, Mus'cuius Testis, M. Testicon'dus. That 
which suspends ; from *pcpa<o, ' I suspend.' The 
Greeks designated, by this term, the spermatic 
chord, or all the parts by which the testicle is, 
as it were, suspended ; but, since Vesalius, it has 
received its present limited meaning. The cre- 
master is a very thin, muscular fascia-sometimes 
hardly perceptible-which detaches itself from 
the internal oblique muscle; passes through the 
abdominal ring, and vanishes around the tunica 
vaginalis; serving to draw up the testicle, and 
to move it slightly. It has been, also, called 
Tunica Erythrol'det and Suspenso'rium Testis. 
CREMAS'TERIC, Cremaster'icus, same ety- 
mon as Cremaster. Appertaining or relating to 
the cremaster,-as 'cremasteric artery,'-a branch 
of the epigastric. 
CREME, Cream-c. de Soufre, Sulphur praeci- 
pitatum-c. de Tartre, Potass® supertartras. 
CREMER. The common name for a disease 
frequent in Hungary, which is produced by ex- 
cess in eating and drinking.-Chomel. 
CREMNOI, plural of Kprgivoi, 'a steep bank.' 
The lips of an ulcer. The Labia puden'di.-Hip- 
pocrates, Foesius. Hence: 
CREMNON'CUS, from Kpripvo;, 'the labia pu- 
dendi,' and oyicos, 'a tumour.' A swelling of the 
labia pudendi. 
CREMOR, Cream-c. Tartari, Potass® super- 
tartras-c. Urin®, see Urine. 
CRENA, Crenatu'ra, Dentic'ulus, (F.) Crtne- 
lure. In the plural, the small teeth or projec- 
tions in the bones of the cranium, by means of 
which an accurate junction is formed at the su- 
tures. Crenelure has also been used in surgery, 
for the gutter ctr groove in certain instruments, 
which is generally intended to secure the passage 
of cutting instruments; the groove, for example, 
of a director. 
CRENATURA, Crena. 
CRENELURE, Crena. 
CRE'OLE, (S.) Criollo; from (S.) criar, 'to 
create or foster.' A native of America, or of the 
West Indies, born of parents who have emigrated 
from the Old World, or from Africa. lienee 
251 
CREST 
there may be white as well as black creoles.- 
Tschudi. 
CREOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. 
CREPALIA TEMULENTA, Lolium temu- 
lentum. 
CREPANELLA, Plumbago Europaea. 
CREPA'TIO, Crepa'tura, from crepare, 1 to 
make a noise.' The action of bursting any seed 
by ebullition. Coque ad crepatu'rani, ' Boil till 
it bursts.' 
CREPATURA, Hernia. 
CREPIDINES PALPEBRARUM, see Tarsus. 
CREP'ITANT, Crep'itating, Crep'itans ; same 
etymon. Crackling. 
Hale Cr&pitant Sec d Grosses Bulles, 'dry 
crackling noise with formation of large bubbles,' 
is heard in pulmonary emphysema, when the dis- 
tention becomes greater and greater, and is fol- 
lowed by rupture of the vesicles. The air forcing 
itself a passage in the interlobular areolar tissue, 
gives rise to this Rale during inspiration. 
Rale Crepitant Sec of Laennec, R. vesiculaire. 
The crepitant rattle, heard, during respiration, in 
severe pneumonia and in oedema of the lung; so 
termed on account of the analogy between the 
sound and that occasioned by pressing a healthy 
lung between the fingers. It resembles the sound 
produced by rubbing slowly and firmly between 
the finger and thumb a lock of hair near the ear. 
The Rhonchus crepitans redux, (F.) Rale crepitant 
redux, is the sound heard in respiration coexistent 
with the resolution of pneumonia. It indicates 
the return of the cells to the pervious condition. 
CREPITA'TION, Crep'itus, from crepitare, 'to 
make a noise.' Crackling. Crepitation or crepi- 
tus,(F.) Cliquetis, has been used, in Surgery, to 
designate the noise occasioned by the friction of 
fractured bones, when the surgeon moves them 
in certain directions. When it cannot be heard 
at a'distance, it may be detected by the immedi- 
ate application of the ear, or by the use of the 
stethoscope. Crepitus or crackling is, likewise, 
met with in cases of gangrene, when air is effused 
into the areolar membrane-provided the part be 
carefully examined with the fingers. The same 
term is used for the cracking of the joints in 
health or disease. 
CREPITUS, Crepitation, Fart-c. Lupi, Ly- 
coperdon. 
CRESCENTIA, Growth. 
Crescen'tia Cuje'te; called after Crescentio, 
an Italian writer on agriculture; Cvjete, Narrow- 
leaved Calabash Tree. The pulp of the fruit of 
this West India plant is acidulous. It is used in 
diarrhoea and headach; and, in syrup, for dis- 
eases of the chest. 
CRESCENTIuE, Waxing kernels. 
CRESERA, see Cribration. 
CRESPINUS, Oxycantha Galeni. 
CRESS, BITTER, COMMON, Cardamine pra- 
tensis-c. Garden, Lepidium sativum-c. Indian, 
Tropaeolum majus-c. Penny,Thlaspi-c. Swines', 
Cochlearia coronopus-c. Water, Sisymbrium nas- 
turtium-c. Water, marsh, Nasturtium palustre. 
CRESSES, DOCK, Lapsana-c. Sciatica, Le- 
pidium Iberis. 
CRESSI, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
CRESSON ALENOIS, Lepidium sativum 
c. Eligant, Cardamine pratensis-c. de Fontaine, 
Sisymbrium nasturtium - c. des Indes, Tropseo- 
lum majus - c. des Jardins, Lepidium sativum 
c. du Jfexique, Tropaeolum majus - c. de Para, 
Spilanthus oleraceus - c. des Pres, Cardamine 
pratensis. 
CREST, Crista - c. of the Ilium, see Crista of 
the Ilium-c. of the Pubis, see Crista of the Pu- 
bis-c. of the Tibia, see Crista of the Tibia-c. of 
the Urethra, see Crista urethralis. CRETA 
CRETA, Car'bonas calcis friab'ilis, Car'bonas 
calca'reus, Glisomar'go, Melia Terra, Chalk, Car- 
bonate of Lime, (F.) Craie. Native friable car- 
bonate of lime. 
Creta Prepara'ta, Car'bonas Calcis pr a>,pa- 
ra't us, Prepared Chalk. (Prepared by levigation.) 
Used externally, as an absorbent; internally, as 
an antacid. Dose, gr. x to or more. 
CRETA'CEOUS, Creta'ecus, (F.) Crayeux,from 
creta, ' chalk.' Containing, or relating to, or 
having the characters of, chalk; as ' cretaceous 
mixture, cretaceous tubercles.' 
CRETE, Crista-c. de Coq, Crista galli-c. de 
I'Ethmo'ide, Crista galli - c. Urethrale, Gallinagi- 
nis caput. 
CRETES DE COQ, see Crista. 
CRETIN. One affected with cretinism. The 
word is said to come from Chrftien, "Christian," 
because the1 Cretin, being in a state of idiocy, is 
incapable of committing any sin (?) See Cagot. 
CRET'INISM, Cretinis'mus, Cret'inage, Cyrto'- 
sis Cretinis'mue, Kretinis'mus, Micrenceph'alon. 
An epidemic affection in the low, deep, narrow 
situations of the Valais; in the valley of Aost, 
Maurienne, a part of Switzerland, the Pyrenees, 
Tyrol, &c. It is a state of idiocy, commonly 
accompanied by an enormous goitre, and is often 
hereditary. The unfortunate cretin is little better 
than the animals around him. He rarely attains 
an advanced age. Like idiocy, cretinism has been 
divided into complete and incomplete. 
CREUSET, Crucible. 
CREUX DE L'AISSELLE, see Axilla. 
CREUX DE L' ESTO MAC, Eossette du coeur. 
CREUX DE LA MAIN, Palm. 
CREUZNACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The springs of Creuznach are in Germany. They 
contain iodine, bromine, and the chlorides of 
sodium and calcium. 
CREUZOT, MINERAL WATERS OF. C. is 
a mountain to the north-east of Mount Cenis. 
Near it is a saline chalybeate spring. 
CREVASSE, (F.) Rima, from crever, 'to break 
or crack.' A crack, a cleft. The words crevasse, 
gerfure, fissure, and rhagade are often used syno- 
nymously for small longitudinal cracks or chaps 
of a more or less painful character. Sometimes, 
crevasse is employed to designate the solutions of 
continuity or ruptures, which supervene in dis- 
tended parts, in the urinary passages, uterus, <fcc.: 
it is then synonymous with rupture. 
CRI, Cry. 
CRIBLE, Cribratus. 
CRIBRA, see Cribration. 
CRIBRA'TION, Cribra'tio, Coscinis'mus, from 
cribrare, ' to sift' Sifting. A pharmaceutical 
operation, which consists in separating the finer 
parts of drugs from the coarser. Sieves. Drum- 
sieves are used for this purpose. These were for- 
merly called Cribra; Cos'cinoi. A sieve for 
separating the bran from meal was termed Cre'- 
sera, Aleurote'sis, Cribrum Pollina'rium. 
CRIB RA' T U S, Cribro'sub, from cribrum, 'a 
sieve.' (F.) Criblt. Having holes like a sieve. 
Lanie criblee, Crib'riform plate, is the horizontal 
lamina of the ethmoid bone-so called because it 
is perforated like a sieve. Through the perfora- 
tions the olfactory nerves pass. 
La'mina Cribro'sa of Albinus ; Crib'riform la- 
mel'la - a circular spot, perforated with small 
holes, seen when the optic nerve is regarded from 
the inside, after removing the retina and choroid. 
From these holes the medullary matter may be 
expressed. 
CRIB'RIFORM, Cribrifor'mis, from cribrum, 
* a sieve,' and forma, ' form The ethmoid bone 
was formerly so called;-Os Cribrifor'me. 
252 
CRICOID 
- 
Cribriform Compress. A square piece of linen 
pierced with a number of holes. This is spread 
with cerate and applied to a suppurating surface, 
the holes being intended for the escape of the pus. 
Cribriform Fascia, see Fascia, cribriform-c. 
Lamella, see Cribratus-c. Plate of the Ethmoid, 
see Cribratus. 
CRIBROSUS, Cribratus. 
CRIBRUM POLLINARIUM, see Cribration. 
CRICARYTENODES, Crico-arytenoid. 
CRICELLA'SIA, Cricila'sia, from xpixo;, ' a 
circle,' and tXavvui, ' I drive.' An exercise with 
the ancients, which appears to have been the same 
as the childish play of rolling the hoop. 
CRICK IN THE NECK. A painful rheuma- 
tic affection of the muscles of the neck, which 
causes the person to hold his head to one side in 
a characteristic manner. 
CRICO-ARYT'ENOID, Crico-arytenoideus, 
Cricaryteno'des. Relating to the cricoid and ary- 
tenoid cartilages. 
Crico-Aryt'enoid Muscle, Crico-arytenoide- 
ue latera'lis, Crico-latiro-arytindidien. A muscle 
which proceeds from the lateral part of the supe- 
rior edge of the cricoid cartilage to the outer and 
anterior part of the base of the arytenoid carti- 
lage. It carries the arytenoid cartilage outward 
and forwards. 
Crico-Aryt'enoid, Poste'rior; Crico-aryte- 
noideus posti'cue, Crico-creti-arytlndidien, Dila- 
tateur posterieur du Larynx. A small, triangular 
muscle, seated at the back part of the larynx. It 
extends from the prominent line, at the middle of 
the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, to 
the outer and posterior part of the base of the 
arytenoid cartilage. 
Crico-Arytenoideus Supe'rior, of Winslow, 
forms part of the Arytendideus of modern anato- 
mists. 
CRICO-CRETI-AR YTENOlDIEN, Crico- 
arytenoid, posterior - c. Latero-arytlno'idien, 
Crico-arytenoid. 
CRICO- PHARYNGEAL, Crico-Pharyngeus. 
Belonging to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx. 
Crico-Piiaryngeus muscle, of Winslow, is a 
fleshy bundle, which forms part of the Constrictor 
Pharyngis inferior. He calls the other part 
Thyro-pharynge'us, and proposes to call the 
whole Thyro-crico-pharyngeus. 
CRICO-T1IYREOIDES, Crico-Thyroidean. 
Crico-Thyroidean, Crico-thyroid, Crico-tky- 
reo'des, Crico-thyreoi'des, Crico-thyreoideue. Be- 
longing to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages. 
Crico-Thyroid Membrane is of a fibrous na- 
ture, and extends from the upper edge of the 
cricoid cartilage to the inferior edge of the thyroid. 
Crico-Thyroid Muscle, Crico-thyrdideus,(F.) 
Dilatateur antfrieur du larynx, is a small fleshy 
bundle, of a triangular shape, at the anterior and 
inferior part of the larynx. It extends from the 
outer surface of the cricoid cartilage to the late- 
ral parts of the inferior margin of the thyroid car- 
tilage ; and its use is, to approximate, anteriorly, 
the corresponding margins of the cricoid and thy- 
roid cartilages; and thus to stretch the ligaments 
of the glottis, which it contracts by separating 
the thyroid cartilage from the arytenoid. 
CRICO- TH YR O-PHAR YNGIEN, Constric- 
tor pharyngis. 
CRICOID, Cricdi'deus, Cricdi'des, Orico'det, 
Annula'rie, Cymbala'ris, from *p«oy, 'a ring,' 
and cihos, ' form.' Having the form of a ring. 
A name given to one of the cartilages of the 
larynx, Cartila'go innomina'ta, (F.) Cartilage 
anonyme, which is situate at its lower part, be- 
tween the thyroid and first ring of the trachea. 
It is much higher behind than before. CRICOIDES 
CRICOIDES, Annular, Cricoid. 
CRICOS, Ring. 
CRIMNO'DES, Crimno'i'dea, from <q></o'ov, 
' coarse meal,' and uios, ' resemblance.' Resem- 
bling meal. 
Crimno'des Uri'na. Urine that deposits a 
sediment like meal. 
CRIMNON, Farina. 
CRINA'LE, from ortnw, 'hair.' An instru- 
ment formerly used to compress in cases of fis- 
tula lachrymalis. It has its name from the cir- 
cumstance of its having at one end a small cushion 
stulfed with hair.-Scultetus. 
CRINA'TUM. A species of fumigation, used 
by Paulus of The roots of lilies entered 
into the process; hence its name,-from xpivov, 
' the lily.' 
CRINES, Hair. 
CRINIS, Capillus. 
CRINOM'YRON, from xpivov, 'the lily,' and 
pvpov, 'ointment.' Unguen'tum lilia'ceum, U. 
uEgyp'tium album, U. Sued num. An ointment, 
composed of lilies and some aromatic plants. - 
Gorraeus, 
CRINON, Lilium candidum. 
CRIOLLO, Creole. 
CRIOMYX'OS. In antiquity, one who had 
much mucus flowing from his nasal fossa), like 
the ram; from Kpios, 'a ram,' and gvfa, 'mucus.' 
CRISIS, Diac'riaia, Dijudica'tio, 'decision;' 
from Kpivo, ' I decide.' This word has been used 
in various acceptations. Some mean by criaia of 
a diaeaae, when it augments or diminishes consi- 
derably, becomes transformed into another, or 
ceases entirely. Some have used the word to 
signify only the favourable changes which super- 
vene in disease; others, for the change going on 
in the acme or violence of the disease. Others, 
again, have given this name only to a rapid and 
favourable change, joined to some copious eva- 
cuation or eruption; whilst others have applied 
the term to the symptoms that accompany such 
change, and not to the change itself; - thus in- 
cluding, under the same denomination, the criti- 
cal phenomena and the criaia. 
CRISPA'TION, Criapatu'ra, from criapare, 
'to wrinkle.' A contraction or spasmodic con- 
striction, which supervenes in certain parts, either 
spontaneously or by the influence of some mor- 
bific cause or therapeutical agent. The capillary 
vessels of a wound are, by the French, termed 
criepta, when, immediately, after an operation, 
the blood does not flow from them. The skin is 
said to be criapee, when contracted, and the 
oulbs of the hair become more prominent. Cria- 
pation of the nerves is a slight convulsive motion 
of external or internal parts, much less than that 
which occurs in convulsion. 
CRISTA, Ambe, Ambon. A crest. (F.) Crete. 
A name given to several bony projections; also, 
to the clitoris. 
The word Cretea (F.), Criata, is also used, in 
France, for fimbriated excrescences, which form 
at the anus, and near the genital organs; and are 
commonly owing to the syphilitic virus. Cretea 
de Coq are syphilitic excrescences, resembling, in 
form, the crest of the cock. 
Crista Galli; two Latin words, signifying 
the ojmb of a cock, (F.) Crete de I'ethmo'ide, C. 
de Coq. A flat, triangular process, rising above 
the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and re- 
sembling a cock's comb. It gives attachment to 
the anterior part of the falx cerebri. 
Crista or Crest of the Il'ium, is the supe- 
rior margin of the ilium :-the Criata or Great of 
the Tib'ia, the anterior edge, the shin; and the 
Criata or Creat of the Pubia, the posterior sharp 
edge on the upper surface of the bone. Winslow 
253 
CROCOMAGMA 
- 
calls the nymphae Crista of the elit'oris; and 
Chaussier, the veru montanum, Crista Urethra'- 
lis, Crest of the Urethra. 
Crista Interna, Frontal spine - c. Tibia?, 
Shin-c. Urethralis, Gallinaginis caput. 
Crista Vestib'uli, Eminen'tia pyramida'lis. 
A crest which divides the vestibule of the ear 
into two fossae, - one inferior and hemispherical, 
called Fo'vea hemispha'rica; the other superior 
and semi-elliptical, Fovea ellip'tica seu semi- 
ellip'tica. Morgagni has described a third groove, 
like fossa, Reces'sus seu Fo'vea sulciform'is, situ- 
ate at the mouth of the common orifice of the two 
superior semicircular canals. 
CRISTA? CLITORIDIS, Nympha?. 
CRISTALLIN, Crystalline. 
CRISTALLINE, Mesembryanthemum crys. 
tallinum. 
CRITIIE, Hordeolum, Hordeum, Penis. 
CRITHIDION, Hordeolum. 
CRITHMUM MARIT'IMUM, Crithmum, Ca- 
chrys marit'ima, Foenic'ulum mari'num, Samphire, 
(F.) Passe-pierre, Perce-pierre, Fenouil inarin, 
Bacile. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Digynia. A plant which grows on the 
sea-coasts, has a spicy, aromatic flavour, and is 
used, pickled, as a condiment. 
The Caaponya of Brazil is a kind of crithmum. 
CRITICAL, Crit'icus. Belonging to a crisis. 
Critical Days, Dies crit'ici, D. judicato'rii, 
D. Decreto'rii, D. Prin'cipes, D. Radica'les, D. 
Contemplab'iles, D. Internun'cii, (F.) Jours cri- 
tiques, are those on which a crisis, it is imagined, 
is most likely to happen. According to Hippo- 
crates and Galen, the greatest number of fevers 
terminate favourably on the 7th day, and many 
on the 14th; - these two days being the most 
propitious. Next to these come, in order of effi- 
ciency, the 9th, 11th, 20th or 21st, 17th, 5th, 4th, 
3d, 18th, 27th, and 28th. The sixth day was 
called by Galen, the Tyrant, repair o$, because 
the crises that happened then were generally un- 
favourable. After this, the most unfavourable 
were the 8th, 10th, 12th, 16th, and 19th. The 
13th was a sort of neutral day; the crises which 
happened on it being neither favourable nor un- 
favourable. Days were, also, divided into Inter'- 
calary, on which the crises happened less fre- 
quently, and were less complete than on the 
critical or indicatory ;-and into vacant and non- 
decretory, on which a crisis hardly ever occurred. 
According to this division, they were enumerated 
as follows: 
Critical days7th, 14th, 20th, 27th, 34th, 
40th, 60th, <fcc. 
Indicatory days.....4th, 11th, 17th, 24th, Ac. 
Intercalary days... .3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, Ac. 
Non-decretory days. .2d, 8th, 10th, 12th, 13th, Ac. 
Fortunate crises were considered to be indi- 
cated by favourable signs appearing three days 
before. 
CRITICAL PERIOD, see Menses. 
CROCHET, Crotchet. 
CROCIDISMUS, Carphologia. 
CROCIDIXIS, Carphologia. 
CRO'CINUM, from 'saffron.' Made 
with saffron ; coloured with saffron. 
CROCO'DES, from Kpoeoj, 'saffron,' and e<3of, 
'resemblance.' Certain troches into which saf- 
fron entered as an ingredient.-Paulus of JEgina. 
CROCODI'LEA, Stercus Lacer'tce. The ex- 
crements of the crocodile, which the Arabists 
extolled as a remedy for cutaneous diseases, and 
which was long used as a cosmetic. 
CROCODILIUM, Echinops. 
CROCOMAG'MA, from <q>oKo?, 'saffron,' and 
uayga, a kneaded or squeezed mass.' A kind CROCUS 
of troch, composed of saffron and spices.-Galen, 
Dioscorides, Paulus of jEgina, Scribonius Largus. 
CROCUS, C. sati'vus seu officina'lia seu Aus- 
triacus, Medici'na Trietit"i<E, Panace'a vegetab'- 
ilis, Zaffran, An'ima Pulmo'num, C. Orienta'lis, 
Jovis floe, Saffron, (F.) Safran. Order, Iridese. 
The stigmata are the parts used in medicine. 
They are brought from the East. The odour is 
aromatic, and the taste aromatic, pungent, and 
bitter :-the colour deep orange red. Its virtues 
are yielded to alcohol, wine, vinegar and water. 
Its operation has been considered stimulant, ex- 
hilarating and diaphoretic. It is not much used. 
Cake Saffron is sometimes met with. It con- 
sists of one part of saffron and nine of marigold, 
made into a cake with oil, and pressed. 
Crocus, Colcothar - c. Antimonii, Oxydum 
stibii sulphuratum - c. Austriacus, Crocus - c. 
Germanicus, Carthamus tinctorius - c. Indicus, 
Curcuma longa-c. Martis adstringens, Colcothar 
-c. Martis aperiens, Ferri subcarbonas-c. Mar- 
tis vitriolatus, Colcothar-c. Metallorum, Oxydum 
stibii sulphuratum-c. Officinalis, Crocus-e. Ori- 
entalis, Crocus - c. Saracenicus, Carthamus tinc- 
torius-c. Sativus, Crocus. 
CROCYDISMUS, Carphologia. 
CROISE, (F.) Crossed. An epithet given to 
paralysis, when it attacks the arm of one side 
and the leg of another. 
CROISSANCE, Growth. 
CROISSANCES, Waxing kernels. 
CROISSANTS, Waxing kernels. 
CROIX DE MALTE, Sple'niwn Crueia'tum, 
Maltese Cross, Cross of Malta. A compress, 
having the form of the Maltese cross. It is 
made of a piece of square linen, folded in four, 
and divided with scissors from each angle to a 
small distance from the centre. It is used espe- 
cially after amputation of the fingers, penis, and 
limbs. 
When the compress is cut in two of its angles 
only, it is called the Half Maltese Cross,-Demi- 
croix de Malte. 
CROMMYON, Allium cepa. 
CROMMYOXYREG'MIA, from Kpo/upvov, 'an 
onion,' ofv;, 'acid,' and piryvvpi, 'to break out.' 
Sour, fetid eructations, exhaling a smell similar 
to that of onions. 
CROP ALE, Nerium antidysentericum. 
CROPSIA, Chromopsia. 
CROSS, MALTESE, Croix de Malte. 
CROSSE DE L' AO RTE, Arch of the aorta. 
CROSSES PALM AIRES, Palmar arches. 
CROSS WORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Lysi- 
machia quadrifolia. 
CROTALOPHORUS, Crotalus horridus. 
CROT'ALUS HOR'RIDUS, Crotaloph'orus. 
The Rattlesnake, Cobra di Capello, (F.) Crotale. 
A venomous reptile of North America. Its poison 
is virulent. It is so called from the rattle in its 
tail, (KporaXov, 'a rattle,' 'a small bell.') 
C R 0 T 'A P H E, Crota'phium, from Kpora<j>os, 
' temple.' Cephalal'gio, Pulsat'ilis, Cephalce'a 
Pulsat'ilis, Sphygmoceph' alus. A pulsatory pain, 
chieflv in the temples, with drumming in the ears. 
CROTAPHITE ARTERIES, Temporal ar- 
teries. 
CROTAPHITES, Temporal muscle. 
CROTAPHIUM, Crotaphe. 
CROTAPHUS, Temple, Temporal bone. 
CROTCHET, Hamus. A small hook or crook. 
(F.) Crochet. An obstetrical instrument, whose 
name indicates its shape, and which is used in the 
extraction of the foetus, when it becomes necessary 
to destroy it to expedite delivery. Crotchets are 
differently formed; some are sharp, others blunt; 
some contained in a sheath, others naked. 
CROTON BENZOE, Benjamin. 
254 
CROWN 
Croton CascARIL'la, Cortex Eleuthe'ria, Cro- 
ton Eleuthe'ria seu Elute'ria, Clu'tia Elute'ria, 
Thus JudtBo'rum, Chacaril'lce cortex, Cascaril'la, 
Eleute'ria, Gascaril'la. Order, Euphorbiacese. 
Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) Quin- 
quina aromatique, Cascarille. The bark of Cro- 
ton Cascarilla of the Bahamas, Cortex Thuris, 
has a slightly aromatic odour, and bitterish, art 
matic taste. The smoke has the odour of musk. 
The active parts are an essential oil and bitter 
extractive. They are completely extracted by 
proof spirit. It is tonic and stomachic. Dose, 
gr. xv to or more, in powder. 
Croton Eleutheria, Croton cascarilla-c. Ja- 
malyota, C. tiglium-c. Lacciferum, see Lacca- 
c. Oil, Croton tiglium. 
Croton Racemo'sum, Beenel. A small Mala- 
bar tree, whose aromatic root, boiled in oil of 
sesame, is employed, by the orientals, as a lini- 
ment in headach and rheumatism. 
Croton Tig'lium, c. Jamalyo' ta,Cadel-Avanacu. 
A Ceylonese plant, every part of which is en- 
dowed with medicinal power. The root is a dras- 
tic cathartic: the wood, Lignum Pava'na, Pa- 
rana wood, and the seed, have like virtues. The 
seeds have been long known under the names, 
Grana Moluc'coe, Til'ii Grana, and Grana Tig'lii 
seu Tig'lia. From these seeds the Croton Oil, 
O'leum Tig'lii, is expressed. It is of a pale, 
brownish-yellow colour, and hot, biting taste; 
and is a most powerful drastic cathartic. Dose, 
from half a drop to three drops, made into pills 
with crumb of bread. It is also applied exter- 
nally as a rubefacient, 3 to 5 drops being rubbed 
on the part; or one part of the oil and three parts 
of olive oil may be added together, and a little of 
this be rubbed on. 
CROTO'NE, KpoTurvn. A fungus, which grows 
on trees, and is produced by an insect, from Kporwv, 
'a tick.' By extension, applied to a fungous 
tumour developed on the periosteum. 
CROUP, Cynanche trachealis - c. Bronchial, 
Polypus bronchialis-c. Cerebral, Asthma thymi- 
cum-c. Cerebral spasmodic, Carpo-pedal spasm- 
c. Chronic, Polypus bronchialis - c. Faux, Asth- 
ma thymicum, see Cynanche trachealis. 
Croup, IIyster'ic. A spasmodic affection of 
the laryngeal muscles by no means unfrequent in 
hysterical females,-the paroxysm consisting in 
a long protracted, loud and convulsive coughs 
followed at times by crowing respiration, and 
by dyspnoea so great as to threaten suffocation. 
The treatment is that advised for hysteria. 
Croup, Pseudo, Asthma thymicum - e. Pseu- 
do-nerveux, Asthma thymicum - c. Spasmodic, 
see Asthma thymicum, and Cynanche trachealis 
- c. Spurious, Asthma thymicum. 
CROUPE, see Croupion. 
CROUPION (F.) Uropyg'ium, Orus, Orrhos, 
the Rump. The region of the coccyx. The Crup- 
per, (F.) Croupe. 
CROUP-LIKE INSPIRATION OF IN- 
FANTS, Asthma thymicum. 
CROUTE, Crusta-c. De lait, Porrigo larvalis 
-c. Laiteuse, Porrigo larvalis. 
CROUTEUX, Crustact. 
CROWFOOT, Geranium maculatum-c. Brist- 
ly, Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus - c. Bulbous- 
rooted, Ranunculus bulbosus-c. Marsh, Ranun- 
culus sceleratus-c. Meadow, Ranunculus acris- 
c. Small-flowered, Ranunculus abortivus-c. Wa- 
ter, smaller, Ranunculus flammula. 
CROWN, Coro'na, Steph'ane. In anatomy, this 
name is given to parts of a circular form, which 
surmount other portions of the same body. Thus, 
the Crown of a Tooth, Ooro'na Dentis, (F.) Cou- 
ronne du Dent, is the portion of the tooth which 
projects above the gum. CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS 
Crows of the Glans, Coro'na seu Tor'ulus 
glandis, (F.) Couronne du (/land, is the round, 
almost circular, ring, which circumscribes the 
base of the glans. 
Crown of the Trepan, Modi'olue, (F.) Cou- 
ronne du Trepan, is a species of saw, in form of 
a crown, or rather of a portion of a cylinder, 
having grooves on its external surface, and teeth 
at its lower extremity; the other being fitted to 
the handle of the trepan. 
Crown of Venus, Coro'na Ven'eris, Gul fa Ro- 
sa'cea Syphilit'ica, (F.) Couronne de Venus. Red, 
rosy pustules, dry or moist, on the face; but par- 
ticularly on the forehead and temples, owing to 
constitutional syphilis. 
CROWSBEAK-LIKE PROCESS, Coracoid 
process. 
CRU'CIAL, from cme, cruets, 'a cross.' Cru- 
cia'lis, Crucia'tue. Having the shape of a cross. 
Appertaining to a cross. 
Crucial Bandage, T Bandage. 
Crucial Incis'ion, Incisu'ra crucia'lis, (F.) 
Incision cruciate. An incision made in the form 
of a cross. Often employed for exposing the cra- 
nium, for the purpose of applying the trepan. 
Crucial Ligament of the Atlas, Annular 
ligament of the Atlas. 
Crucial Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments croists, 
L. cruciformes. Two strong ligaments within 
the knee-joint. The anterior passes obliquely 
from a depression anterior to the spine of the 
tibia to the posterior and inner part of the exter- 
nal condyle of the femur: - the other, the poste- 
rior, extends from the posterior part of the spine 
of the tibia to the anterior and outer part of the 
internal condyle. 
CRUCIA'TI DOLO'RES, Excruciating pains. 
CRU'CIBLE, from crux, crude, 'across:' so 
called-it has been supposed-from being made 
in the shape of a cross, or from having a cross 
impressed upon it: Crucib'ulum, Cati'nue fueo'- 
riue, Tigil'lum, Albot, Cemente'rium, (F.) Creuset. 
A vessel of earth, silver, platinum, gold, black- 
lead, &c., for receiving substances, which have to 
be exposed to a strong heat. It is sometimes 
covered with a top or lid. (F.) Couvercle. 
CRU'CIFORM, from crux, crude, ' a cross,' and 
forma, ' shape;' Cruciform'ie, Cross-shaped. A 
name given to the ligaments which close the ar- 
ticulations of the phalanges; and likewise to the 
crucial ligaments. 
CRUDE, Crudus, Omus : Raw, unripe, not con- 
cocted. 
CRUDITAS MORBI, see Crudity-c. Ventri- 
culi, see Crudity. 
CRU'DITY, Cru'ditas, Om'otee, Status Crudi- 
ta'tie, from crudus, 'crude,' 'unprepared,' Incoctue. 
Rawness, Crudeness. This has received several 
acceptations. 1. It expresses the quality of cer- 
tain aliments, which have not experienced the 
action of fire. 2. The condition of matters in the 
digestive tube, which have not undergone the di- 
gestive changes,-cru'ditas centric'uli; and, 3. In 
the language of the Humorists, it means the con- 
dition of the morbific matter in a sick individual, 
cru'ditas morbi, when it has not yet been pre- 
pared or concocted by the action of the organs,- 
Azym'ia humo'rum. 
The word is used in the plural, Cru'ditiee, syno- 
nymously with crude mutters. (F.) Matilres crues. 
It is applied to those, when contained in the sto- 
mach and intestines. 
CRUELS, Scrofula. 
CRUENTA EXSPUITIO, Haemoptysis. 
CRUES (Matieres,) see Crudity. 
CRUME'NA VESI'CuE. The cavity of the 
urinary bladder. 
CRUOR. The signification of this word is 
255 
CRURAL 
very vague. It has been used to designate blood 
in general, venous blood, extravasated or coagu- 
lated blood, and the colouring matter. 
Ckuor Sanguinis, see Blood. 
CRUORIN, Haematin. 
CRUPPER, Croupion-c. Bone, Coccyx. 
CRUPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
CRURA. The plural of Crus, 'a leg. (F.) 
Cuisse. Applied to some parts of the body, from 
their resemblance to legs or roots; as the Crura 
cerebri, Crura cerebelli, <tc. 
Crura Anteriora Medulla: Oblongata:, Pe- 
duncles of the brain - c. Cerebelli ad Corpora 
Quadrigemina, see Peduncles of the cerebellum- 
c. Cerebelli ad Pontem, see Peduncles of the cere- 
bellum - c. Clitoridis interna, Bulbus vestibuli- 
c. Medullae oblongatae, Corpora restiformia, Tha- 
lami nervorum opticorum, see Peduncles of the 
cerebellum - c. Posteriora medullae oblongatae, 
Peduncles of the cerebellum. 
CRURjEUS, Cruralis. 
CRURAL, Crura'lis, from crus, 'the thigh, and 
lower limb.' What belongs to the thigh or lower 
limb. 
Crural Arch, In'guinal Arch, Fem'oral Arch, 
(F.) Arcade crurale, A. inguinale (Ch.), Pou- 
part's Lig'ament, L. of Fallo'pitis. This arch is 
formed by the internal portion of the inferior edge 
of the aponeurosis of the obliquus externus mus- 
ele, which is attached, at one end, to the pubis; 
at the other, to the anterior and superior spinous 
process of the ilium. At its posterior and inner 
part, the aponeurosis, forming the arch, sends off 
a falciform reflection, which is attached along the 
crest of the pubis, and is known under the name 
of Gimbernat's Ligament. Beneath this arch, 
the vessels, nerves, and muscles make their exit 
from the pelvis to the thigh. 
Crural Artery, Fem'oral Artery, (F.) Artlire 
crurale, A. Pelvi-crurale,-(Ch.,) is the continua- 
tion of the external iliac. It extends from the 
crural arch to the aperture in the triceps, or to 
the ham. Chaussier applies the name Artere 
crurale to the trunk, which extends from the pri- 
mitive or common iliac to the tibial arteries ; em- 
bracing, of course, the external iliac, femoral, and 
popliteal. 
Crural Canal, Crural Ring, Fem'oral canal 
or ring. M. Jules Cloquet has described this canal 
with minuteness, and given it the name Anneau 
crural, Anneau femoral. It is nearly an inch 
long, triangular, more spacious above than below, 
and shorter and broader in the female than in the 
male. Its upper orifice is bounded, anteriorly, 
by the crural arch; posteriorly, by the crista of 
the pubis; on the outer side by the psoas and 
iliacus muscles, covered by the iliac aponeurosis, 
and, at the inner, by Gimbernat's ligament. This 
orifice is covered by the peritoneum, and, accor- 
ding to M. Cloquet, is closed by a more or less 
resisting septum, which he has named Septum 
crurale, Crural septum. In its course, the crural 
canal has its anterior parietes formed by the super- 
ficial expansion of the fascia lata: the posterior 
by the pectineus, covered by the deep-seated ex- 
pansion of the fascia; and more externally by the 
psoas and iliacus muscles, covered by an expan- 
sion of the fascia iliaca. Its inferior orifice is 
formed by the foramen of the fascia lata, which 
gives passage to the vena saphaena. It is at the 
upper orifice of this canal, that Femoral or Crural 
Hernia, Hernie inguinale of Chaussier, occurs: 
which would be more common, were it not for 
the fibrous cellular septum there situate. 
Crural Nerve proceeds from the lumbar 
plexus, and is situate at the outer side of the 
psoas muscle and crural artery. After it haa CRURAL 
passed under the crural arch, it divides into 
cutaneous and muscular branches. One of the 
branches, which is larger than the rest, is called 
the Sapha'na nerve. It gives off filaments to the 
integuments of the knee, to the inner part of the 
leg, and to the dorsal surface of the foot. The 
remainder of the branches of the crural are dis- 
tributed to the anterior and inner part of the 
thigh. The Accessory of the Crural Nerve is a term 
given to the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar nerves. 
Crural Plexus of Chaussier is the union of 
the anterior branches of the last four pairs of 
lumbar nerves, and the first four sacral; forming 
the lumbar and sacral plexuses of most anato- 
mists. 
Crural Ring, Crural canal - c. Septum, see 
Crural canal. 
Crural Vein, Fem'oral Vein, has the same 
arrangement as the artery. It receives only one 
great branch, the saphama. 
CRURAL, Triceps cruris. 
CRURA'LIS, Crura'us. A part of the Triceps 
crural of the French, or of the Trifemororotulien 
of Chaussier. The cruralis is situate at the ante- 
rior, outer, and inner part of the thigh. It arises, 
fleshy, from between the two trochanters, adheres 
firmly to most of the fore part of the os femoris, 
and is inserted, tendinous, into the upper part of 
the patella, behind the rectus. Its use is to assist 
the vasti and rectus in the extension of the leg. 
Under Muscle Triceps Crural, the French describe 
the cruralis and the two vasti. Some small mus- 
cular slips, sometimes found under the crureeus 
muscle, and inserted into the capsular ligament 
of the knee-joint, have been called Sub-crura' i. 
CRURIS RADIUS, Fibula. 
CRUS, Leg, Thigh. 
CRUST, Eschar. 
CRUSTA. A crust or scab. (F.) Croilte. An 
assemblage of small flakes, formed by the drying 
up of a fluid secreted by the skin. 
The lining membrane of the stomach and in- 
testines has been called Crusta villo'sa. 
Crusta Adamantina Dentium, Enamel of the 
teeth. 
Crusta Genu Hippogonyol'epus, 
Sweat or Knee Scab, Mock or Encircled Hoof 
Knees, Hangers, Dew Claws, Night Eyes, Horse 
Crust. This morbid secretion from the horse has 
been advised in cases of epilepsy. It is used in 
the form of powder, (gr. ij to gr. xx;) and of 
tincture. 
Crusta Inflammatoria, Corium phlogisticum 
- c. Lactea, Porrigo larvalis, P. lupinosa - c. 
Meinbranacea, Peristroma-c. Petrosa, see Tooth 
c. Phlogistica, Corium phlogisticum - c. Pleure- 
tica, Corium phlogisticum-c. Pruriginosa, Gutta 
rosea-c. Serpiginosa, Gutta rosea-c. Vermicu- 
laris, Peristroma-c. Villosa linguaj, see Tongue 
-c. Villosa ventriculi, see Stomach. 
CRUSTACE, (F.) Alibert has substituted this 
word, in his Nosology, for crodteux, 'crusty.' 
Having crusts or scabs; as Dartre cruetacee. 
CRUS'TULA. A small shell or scab. An 
ecchymosis of the conjunctiva. 
CRUSTUMI'NATUM. A rob, prepared from 
the Pyra Crustumi'na or Crustumeri'na, (so called 
from Crustuminum, a town in Italy, where they 
grew,) boiled with honey or in rain-water.- 
Aetius. 
CRUX CERVI. An ancient appellation for 
the bone in the heart of the stag. It was once 
considered useful in diseases of the heart. 
CRY, Clamor, Boe, (F.) Cri. The sound of 
the unarticulated voice. The native voice, which 
the idiot and deaf possess equally with the man 
of genius and hearing. The cry of the new-born 
child has been called Vagi'tus, (F.) Vagissement. 
256 
CRYSTALLINE 
We say, "A cry of joy, of pleasure, of pain," 
&c., according to the expression which it may 
convey to the hearer. 
CRYMO'DES, from xpvpos, 'cold.' A conti. 
nued fever, Febris crymo'des, in which the inter, 
nal parts feel hot, and the external cold; and 
which was attributed to an erysipelatous inflam- 
mation of the lungs.-Aetius, Gorrseus. 
CRYMODYN'IA, from xpvpos, 'cold,' and oivirj, 
•pain.' Chronic rheumatism, and all its modifi- 
cations.-Bauines. 
CRYMO'SIS, from icpvpof, 'cold.' Diseases 
caused by the action of cold.-Baumes. 
CRYPSOR'CHIS, from Kpvirru, 'I conceal,' 
and opxis, 'a testicle.' Oryptor'chis, Testicon'dus. 
One in whom the testes have not descended into 
the scrotum. The state is called, Cryptorchidis'- 
mus, Parorchid'ium. 
CRYPTA, from /cpuTrrof, 'concealed.' Follic'- 
ulose gland, Lacu'na, Follic'ulus, (F.) Crypte, 
Follicule. A crypt or follicle is a small, round- 
ish, hollow body, situate in the substance of the 
skin or mucous membranes, and constantly pour- 
ing the fluid which it secretes on their surfaces. 
The use of the cryptal or follicular secretion, 
is to keep the parts on which it is poured supple 
and moist, and to preserve them from the action 
of irritating bodies with which they have to come 
in contact. 
The little rounded appearances at the ends of 
the small arteries, in the cortical substance of the 
kidney, are also called Cryptce. 
CRYPT2E SEBACEAE, Sebaceous glands. 
CRYPTE, Crypta. 
CRYPTOCEPH'ALUS, from Kpvirrof, ' con- 
cealed,' and KupaXn, 'head.' A monster whose 
head is excessively small, and does not appear 
externally.-G. St. Hilaire. 
CRYPTOCOCCUS, Fermentum, Torula cere- 
visiae. 
CRYPTODID'YMUS, Feetug in feetu. A mon- 
strosity, in which one foetus is found contained 
in another. 
CRYPT OG'AMOUS, Cryptogam'ic, Crypto- 
gam'icus ; from Kpvirrof, 'concealed,' and yapos, 
'marriage.* An epithet applied by botanists to 
plants whose organs of fructification are concealed 
or not manifest. Ag'amous plants are those whose 
sexual organs are not known. 
CRYPTOPY'IC, Cryptopy'ieus, from icpuirra, 
'I conceal,' and nvov, 'pus.' A state of disease, 
kept up by an occult abscess. 
CRYPTOPYICUS, Cryptopyic. 
CRYPTORCHIDISMUS, see Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTORCHIS, Crypsorchis. 
CRYPTS OF LIEBERKUHN, see Intestine 
-c. Synovial, Burste mucosae. 
CRYSTAL, MINERAL, Potassae nitras fusus 
sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
CRYSTAL'LL Vesicles filled with a watery 
fluid. They are also called crystal'linoe. Pro- 
bably the pemphigus of modern writers. 
Crystalli LuNjE, Argenti nitras. 
CRYSTALLIN, Crystalline. 
CRYSTAL'LINA, from KpvaraWos, 'crystal.' 
A vesicle or phlyctaena, filled with serum, and 
appearing on the prepuce or in the vicinity of the 
anus, surrounded by a reddish extravasated aure- 
ola. It may be syphilitic or not. See Crystalli. 
Crystallina Tunica, Arachnoid membrane. 
CRYS'TALLINE, Crystal'linus. Having the 
appearance of crystal. 
Crys'talline, Crys'talline 'humour, C. Leng, 
Crys'talline body, Crystal'linus, Leng crystal'lina 
Lens crystalloi'des vel Corpus Crystal'linum, C 
Diseo'i'des, C. Crystallo'i' des, C. Phacoi'des, Hu- 
mor crystal'linus, H. glacia'lis, Phaee, Phacea 
Phacus, Gemma Oculi, (F.) Cristallin ou Crystal CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS 
Un, Humeur crystalline, Corps crystallin, Lentille 
crystalline. A lenticular, transparent body, situ- 
ate between the vitreous and aqueous humours 
of the eye, at the union of the anterior third with 
the two posterior thirds of the organ. It is com- 
posed of a soft exterior substance; and an inte- 
rior, forming a solid nucleus, in which a number 
of elliptical layers is perceptible. It is con- 
tained in a capsule, called Tu'nica ara'nea vel 
crystal'lina, Cap'sula lentis, and receives, at its 
posterior surface, a small branch of the central 
artery of the retina, which is always readily dis- 
tinguishable in the foetus, prior to the seventh 
month of utero-gestation. 
The use of the crystalline is to refract the rays 
of light, and to serve as an achromatic glass : for 
which its laminae or layers, increasing in refrac- 
tive power from the circumference to the centre, 
admirably adapt it. 
CRYSTALLINO-CAPSULITIS, see Phacitis. 
CRYSTALLION, Plantago psyllium. 
CRYSTALLITIS, Phacitis. 
CRYS'TALLOID, Crystalldi'des, from KpvaraX- 
Xos, 'crystal,' and cifiof, 'form,' 'resemblance.' 
Resembling crystal or the crystalline. The cap- 
sule or membrane of the crystalline. Also, the 
crystalline itself. 
CRYSTALLUS MINERALIS, Potassae nitras 
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus. 
CRYTHE, Hordeolum. 
CTEDON, Fibre. 
CTEIS, Pubes. 
CTESIPHON'TIS MALAG'MA. A plaster 
employed and described by Celsus. 
CUBA, see Havana. 
CUBAL SINI, Piper cubeba. 
CUBATIO, Decubitus. 
CUBEBA, Piper Cubeba. 
CUBIFORMIS, Cuboid. 
CUBIT, Ulna-c. Top of the, Olecranon. 
CU'BITAL, Cubita'lis, Ulnar, Ulna'ris. Con- 
nected with or relating to the cubitus, or to the 
inner and posterior part of the forearm. 
Cubital Artery, Arte'ria cubita'lis, A. ulna'- 
ris, arises from the humeral a little below the 
bend of the elbow; proceeds along the anterior 
and inner part of the forearm ; passes anterior to 
the ligamentum annulare of the carpus, and goes 
to form, in the palm of the hand, the superficial 
palmar arch. Besides the numerous muscular 
branches, which it gives off in its course, it sends 
posteriorly the common trunk of the interosseous 
arteries, and internally, the two cubital recur- 
rents, anterior and posterior,-articular branches, 
which anastomose on the inside of the elbow with 
the divisions of the humeral artery. 
Cubital Muscles are two in number. 1. The 
Cubita'lis ante'rior, C. inter'nus, Flexor carpi 
ulna'ris, Ulna'ris inter'nus, Epitrochli-cubito-car- 
pien, Cubito-carpien- (Ch.), is a long muscle, 
situate at the anterior and inner part of the fore- 
arm. It arises from the inner condyle of the os 
humeri, at the inner side of the olecranon, and 
from the posterior edge of the ulna, and is in- 
serted by a tendon into the os pisiforme. Its 
use is to bend the hand on the forearm, by di- 
recting it slightly inwards. 2. The Cubitalis 
poste'rior seu exter'nus, Exten'sor Carpi ulna'ris, 
L Ina'ris exter'nus, Cubite'us exter'nus, Cubito- 
sus-metacarpien-(Ch.), is situate at the posterior 
part of the forearm. It arises from the external 
condyle of the os humeri, and is inserted into the 
superior extremity of the fifth bone of the meta- 
carpus. Its use is to extend the hand, inclining 
it a little inwards. 
Cubital Nerve, Ulnar nerve, Cubito-digital- 
(Ch.), is furnished by the last two or three nerves 
of the brachial plexus, and is distributed to the 
257 
CUCUMIS 
inner and anterior side of the forearm; to the 
inner part of the palm and of the back of the 
hand, and to the last two or three fingers. 
Cubital Veins, deep-seated, and the .Recur- 
rent cubital veins, accompany the corresponding 
arteries. The superficial cubital veins belong to 
the basilic. Chaussier calls them cuta'neous cu- 
bital. 
CUBITALE (OS), Cuneiform bone. 
CUBITALIS RIOLANI, see Anconeus. 
CUBITEUS EXTERNUS, see Cubital muscles. 
CUBITO-CARPIEN, see Cubital muscles-c. 
Cutane (nerf), Cutaneous nerve - c. Phalanget- 
tien commun, Flexor profundus perforans - c. 
Radi-sus-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor longus 
pollicis-c. Radial, Pronator radii quadratus. 
CUBITO-SUPRAPALMA'RIS. Belonging 
to the cubitus and to the supra-palmar or dorsal 
surface of the hand. Chaussier gives this name: 
1. To a small artery, which is given off by the 
cubital or ulnar, a little above the wrist. 2. To 
a vein, which accompanies this artery. 
CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, see Cubital 
muscles-c. Sus-metacarpien du pouce, Abductor 
longus pollicis - c. Sus-Phalangettien de I'index, 
Extensor proprius indicis - c. Sus-phalangettien 
du pouce, E. longus pollicis - c. Sus-phalangien 
du pouce, E. pollicis brevis. 
CU'BITUS, KvfiiTov, Cy'biton. The Elbow. 
Also, one of the bones of the forearm. See Ulna, 
and Forearm. 
Cubitus, (F.) Coudee, the ancient name of a 
measure 18 inches long. 
Cubitus Supinus, see Decubitus. 
CU'BOID, Cubo'i'des, Cubo'i'deus, Cubo'des, 
Cubifor'mis, Cybo'i'des, Cyrto'i'des, Grandino'sum 
Os, Tes'sara, Tessera: os, Os va'rium, from kv(3os, 
' a cube,' and cibos, ' form.' Having the form of 
a cube. This name was given, by Galen, to one 
of the bones of the tarsus, and is still retained. 
It is situate at the anterior and outer part of the 
tarsus; and is articulated, behind, with the cal- 
caneum; before, with the last two tnetatarsal 
bones, and within, with the third os cuneiforme, 
and sometimes with the scaphoides. Its inferior 
surface has an oblique groove for the tendon of 
the peroneus longus. 
CUCKOO FLOWER, Cardamine pratensis. 
CUCKOW BREAD, Oxalis acetosella. 
CUCKOW PINT, Arum maculatum. 
CUCU'BALUS BEHEN, Behen oficina' rum 
seu vulga'ris, Sile'ne infla'ta seu crassifo'lia seu 
Tho'rei, Visca'go behen. This plant was once 
considered alexipharmic and cordial. It is the 
Spoiling Poppy. 
CUCULLARIS, Trapezius. 
CUCULA'TUM MAJUS. A barbarous term, 
used by Ruland, for brandy and spirit of wine. 
CUCULLATA, Sanicula. 
CUCULLUS, Couvrechef, Cucupha, Infundi- 
bulum of the cochlea. 
CUCULUS, Coccyx, Pertussis. 
CUCUMBER, Cucumis sativus-c. Indian, 
Medeola Virginica-c. Squirting or wild, Momor- 
dica elaterium-=-c. Star, one-seeded, Sycios angu- 
latus-c. Tree, Magnolia acuminata. 
CUCUMER, Cucumis sativus. 
CUCUMIS, Penis - c. Agrestis, Momordica 
elaterium. 
Cu'cumis Colocyn'this, Citrul'lus Colocynthis. 
Officinal names of the Colocynth or Bitter Apple, 
Colocyn'this, Coloquint'ida, Alhan'dal (Arab.), 
Bitter Gourd, Bitter Cucumber, (F.) Coloquinte 
Family, Cucurbitacese. Sex. Syet. Moneecia 
Monadelphia. A Turkey and Cape of Good 
Hope plant. The spongy part or medulla of the 
fruit, Colocyn'thidis Pulpa, Cucu'meris Colocyn'- 
thidis Pulpa, has a bitter, nauseous, and acrimo- CUCUPHA 
nious taste, and is a strong cathartic, acting 
chiefly on the upper part of the intestines. It is 
scarcely ever used, except in combination. 
Cucumis Melo. The sytematic name of the 
Melon Plant, Melo, Common Melon, (F.) Melon. 
The fruit is an agreeable article of diet, but not 
very digestible, unless when ripe. The seeds 
possess mucilaginous properties. 
Cucumis Sati'vus. The systematic name of 
the Ou'cumber plant, Cucumis, Angou'rion, Citre'- 
olus, Cu'cumer or Cur'vimer, from its curved 
shape. (F.) Concombre ordinaire. The cucum- 
ber is used, when young, as a pickle, when it is 
called a Gherkin, (F.) Cornichon. It is not a fruit 
easy of digestion. The seeds are mucilaginous. 
Cucumis Sylvestris, Momordica elaterium. 
CU'CUPHA, Cu'cullus, Pi'leus, Sac'culus ce- 
phal'icus. A sort of coif or cap, with a double 
bottom, between which is enclosed a mixture of 
aromatic powders, having cotton for an excipient. 
It was formerly used as a powerful cephalic. 
CUCUR'BITA, d cwriutate, owing to its shape. 
A gourd. See Cupping-glass. 
Cucurbita Anguria, C. citrullus. 
Cucur'bita Citrul'lus, C. Angu'ria seu pin- 
natif'ida. The systematic name of the Water- 
melon plant; Citrul'lus, Angu'ria, Tetrangu'ria, 
Sicilian Citrul, Water-melon. Family, Cucurbi- 
taceae; Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. (F.) 
Melon d'eau, Pasteque. The juice of the fruit is 
very abundant, whence its name. The Water- 
melon is extremely refreshing and agreeable, when 
made cool, and is eaten like the common melon. 
It is very much used in the United States. 
Cucurbita Leucantha, C. lagenaria. 
Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo. The systematic name 
of the Common Pompion, Cucur'bita. The seeds 
of this plant, as well as those of Cucur'bita lage- 
na'ria, Bottle-gourd, contain a large proportion 
of oil, capable of forming emulsions; but they 
are not used. 
Both fruit of Cucur'bita Lagena'ria, C. 
leucan'tha, Pepo lagena'rius, (F.) Calebasses, and 
that of Cucur'bita Pepo, Pepo vulga'ris, (F.) 
Potiron, Courge, are eaten. 
Cucurbita Pinnatifida, C. citrullus. 
CUCURBIT AIN, Cucurbitinus. 
CUCURBITATIO, Cupping. 
CUCURBITE, see Alembic. 
CUCURBITI'NUS, (F.) Cucurbitain. This 
name was formerly given to the Tania solium, 
because composed of rings which resemble the 
seeds of the gourd, - cucurbita. The ancients 
believed, that the rings, which are sometimes 
discharged, were so many separate worms. See 
Taenia. 
CUCURBITULA, Cupping-glass. 
CucurbituLjE Cruenta:, Cupping with the sca- 
rificator-c. cum Ferro, Cupping with the scari- 
ficator-c. Siccse, Cupping, dry. 
CUDWEED, Gnaphalium margaritaceum. 
CUILLEREE, Cochleare. 
CUIR, Corium. 
CUISSART. A wooden leg. See Cornu am- 
monis. 
CUISSE, Thigh, Crus - c. Posterieure du cer- 
velet, Corpus restifonne. 
OUISSON, (F.) A smarting, burning pain. 
CUIVRE, Cuprum - c. Ammoniacal, Cuprum 
ammoniatum - c. et Ammoniaque sulfate de, Cu- 
prum ammoniatum-c. Limailles de, see Cuprum 
-c. Sous-acltate de, Cupri subacetas-c. Sulfate 
de, Cupri sulphas. 
OUIVREUX, (F.) Copper-coloured, (F.) Teint 
cuivreux. A copper-coloured complexion, such 
as is observed in cancerous affections. Syphi- 
litic ulcers of the throat, Ac., axe often copper- 
coloured. 
CUMULUS 
CUJETE, Crescentia qjijete. 
CULBIC"IO. A Latin word, employed by 
old writers as synonymous with ardor urinae and 
gonorrhoea. 
CULBUTE, (F.) ' A tumble head-over-heels.' 
A movement which the foetus has been supposed 
to execute at the end of the 7th month of utero- 
gestation; and by means of which, it was pre- 
sumed, the head presented towards the orifice of 
the uterus; a change of situation, which is im- 
practicable in ordinary circumstances. 
CULCITA SALINA, Halotyle. 
CULEON, Anus. 
CU'LEUS. A measure containing 20 barrels, 
or 40 urns, equal to 180 gallons. - Pliny, Gor- 
raeus. 
CULEX, (F.) Cousin. A genus of insects, un- 
happily too well known in almost every part of 
the world, on account of their bites, which give 
rise to painful, local inflammation. The gnats 
and »na»g«itoe« belong to this genus. 
CULI FLOS, Cardamine pratensis. 
CULILAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
CU'LINARY ART, from culina, 'a kitchen.' 
Cookery, Res culina'ria, Res coqua'ria, Ars culi- 
na'ria, A. coquina'ria, Magei'rice. The art of 
preparing meats for the table. In judging of the 
dietetic properties of various kinds of aliment, 
the culinary process to which they have been 
subjected will always have to be considered. 
Many of the writers on the culinary art have 
been physicians. 
CULLITLAWAN, see Laurus culilawan. 
CULMINATIO, Acme. 
CULTELLAIRE, (F.) from cultellus, a 'little 
knife.' Le cautire cultellaire, known also under 
the name Couteau de feu, Fire-knife, is used for 
what the French term the Cautire transcurrente. 
(See Cauterization.) It is shaped like a small 
hatchet. 
CULTELLUS, Culter, Knife-c. Anceps, Knife, 
double-edged-c. Uncus, Knife, crotchet. 
CULTER, Cultel'lus, from colo, cultum, 'I cul- 
tivate.' A coulter, a knife, scalpel, machce'ra, 
machoe'rion, mackce'ris. Also, the third lobe of 
the liver, so called from some fancied resemblance. 
-Theophilus Protospatarius. 
Culter Curvus, Knife, crooked-c. Falcatus, 
Knife, crooked-c. Lenticularis, Knife, lenticular 
-c. Rectus, Knife, amputation - c. Tonsorius, 
Razor. 
CULTRIV'OROUS, Cultriv'orus, from culter, 
'a knife,' and vorare, 'to devour.' Individuals, 
who have seemed to swallow knives with impu- 
nity, have been so called;-Knife-eaters. 
CULUS, Anus. 
CULVER'S ROOT, Leptandra purpurea. 
CUMAMUS, Piper cubeba. 
CUMIN, Cuminum cyminum - c. des Pres, 
Carum. 
CUMI'NUM CYMI'NUM. The systematic 
name of the Cummin plant, Cumi'num minu'tum 
seu Roma'num, Cymi'num, Cumi'num, Carnaba'- 
dium. Family, Umbelliferse. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
dria Digynia. (F.) Cumin, Anis aigre. The seeds 
of cuminin, which is a native of Egypt, have a 
warm, bitterish, disagreeble taste. Water extracts 
their odour, and spirit takes up both odour and 
taste. They are not used, except in a plaster, 
which bears their name.- When drunk in wine, 
the ancients believed they produced paleness; 
hence, Horace called cummin exsangue; and Ju- 
venal, pollens.-Dioscorides, Pliny. 
Cuminum Minutum, C. cyminum - c. Nigrum, 
Nigella - c. Pratense, Carum - c. Romanum, C. 
cyminum. 
CUMMIN, Cuminum cyminum. 
CU'MULUS, 'a heap or pile.' A rounded pro- 
258 CUNEALIS 
minence, in the centre of the prollgerous disk, in 
which there is a small opake cavity that contains 
the ovum. See Tache embryonnaire. 
Cumulus, Germinal, Tache embryonnaire-c. 
Germinativus, Tache embryonnaire - c. Prolige- 
rus, Tache embryonnaire. 
CUNEA'LIS SUTU'RA. The suture formed 
between the great and little alae of the sphenoid 
bone and the os frontis.-Blasius. 
CUNEEN (F.), Ounea'nus. Relating to the 
cuneiform bones. 
Articulations Cuneennes;- the joints between 
the cuneiform bones, as well as between them 
and other parts. 
Ligaments Cuneennes ;- the ligaments which 
hold the cuneiform bones together. 
CU'NEIFORM, Cuneifor'mis, Spheno'i'des, 
from cuneus, 'a wedge,' and forma, 'shape.' 
Wedge-shaped. This name has been given to 
several bones. 1. To the sphenoid. 2. To a 
bone of the carpus, situate between the os lunare 
and os orbiculare. It is, also, called Os Pyrami- 
da'le, Os Triq'uetrum, and Os Cubita'le. 3. To 
the basilary process of the occipital bone : and, 
4. To three of the bones of the tarsus, which are 
distinguished, according to situation, reckoning 
from within outwards, into first, second, and third, 
-or internal, middle, and external: and accord- 
ing to size, reckoning in the same order, into 
great, small, and middle-sized. The posterior 
surface of these bones is united to the anterior 
face of the scaphoides ; the anterior surface with 
the corresponding metatarsal bones; and, in ad- 
dition, the external surface of the third is articu- 
lated, behind, with the cuboides. They are also 
called Chalcoidea or Chalcoidea ossic'ula. 
Cuneiform Cartilages of the Larynx are 
two small cylinders of fibro-cartilage, about seven 
lines in length, and enlarged at each extremity. 
By the base, the cartilage is attached to the 
middle of the external surface of the arytenoid; 
and its upper extremity forms a prominence on 
the border of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold of 
membrane. They are sometimes wanting. 
CU'NEO-CU'BOID, Cuneo-cuboideus. Belong- 
ing to the cuneiform bones and cuboides. 
Cuneo-Cuboid Articula'tion is formed by the 
third cuneiform bone and cuboides. It is fur- 
nished with a synovial capsule, and two cuneo- 
cuboid ligaments: - a, dorsal and a plantar. 
CU'NEO-SCA'PHOID, Cuneo-scaphoi'des. Be- 
longing to the cuneiform bones and scaphoid. 
Cuneo-Scaphoid Articula'tion is formed by 
the posterior surfaces of the three ossa cuneifor- 
mia, and the anterior surface of the scaphoid. It 
is furnished with a synovial capsule and liga- 
ments, some of which are dorsal, others plantar. 
CUNILA, Satureia capitata-c. Bubula, Ori- 
ganum. 
Cuni'la Maria'na, Saturei'a organoi'des, Ca- 
lamin'tha erec'ta Virginia'na, Ditt'any, American 
Dit'tany, Mountain Dittany, Mint-leaved Ounila, 
Maryland Cunila, Stonemint, Wild Basil, Sweet 
Horsemint, (F.) Cunile d' Amlrique, A small in- 
digenous herb, growing on dry, shady hills, from 
New England to Georgia, and flowering in June 
and July. Its medical properties are dependent 
Upon essential oil, like the mints. 
Cunila, Maryland, Cunila mariana-c. Mint- 
leaved, C. mariana-c. Muscula, Inula dysente- 
rica - c. Pulegioides, Hedeoma pulegioides - c. 
Sativa, Satureia hortensis. 
CUNILAGO, Inula dysenterica. 
CUNILE D'AMERIQUE, Cunila mariana. 
CUNNUS, Vulva. 
CUP, Scutel'la, Catil'lus, Patel'la, Excip'ula, 
(F.) Palette, Poelette, Poilette, Vase d saigner. 
259 
CUPRI 
A small vessel of a determinate size, for receiving 
the blood during venesection. It generally con- 
tains about four ounces. A bleeding of two cups 
is, consequently, one of eight ounces. 
CUPIDITAS, Voluntas - c. Desedendi, Vo- 
luntas desedendi. 
CUPIDO, Appetite. Also, Cupid, the god of 
love, in ancient mythology;-Deus copulatio'nis. 
CUPOLA, see Infundibulum of the cochlea. 
CUPPED, see Corium phlogistieum. 
CUPPING, Catacasm'us, from (F.) couper, 'to 
cut;' or to draw blood in vessels resembling cups; 
Applica'tio cucurbita'rum seu cucurbitula'rum, 
Cucurbita'tio. A species of blood-letting, per- 
formed by a scarificator, and glass, called a cup- 
ping-glass, Cucurbit' ula, Cucurb'ita, Sic'ua, (F.) 
Ventouse. The lancets are placed in such a man- 
ner in the scarificator, that, when it is applied 
upon the affected part, the whole are, by means 
of a spring, pushed suddenly into it. After sca- 
rification, the cupping-glass, which has been pre- 
viously exhausted by heat, or by an exhausting 
syringe, is applied. The pressure of the air 
within the glass being thus diminished, the ne- 
cessary quantity of blood may be drawn. See 
Bdellometer. Dry cupping, Cucurbit'ula sicca, 
is the application of the glasses, without previous 
scarification. (F.) Ventouses seches. It is used 
to prevent the activity of absorption from any 
wounded part; occasionally, to excite suppura- 
tion in indolent abscesses; and to remove the 
pus when an abscess is opened. Cupping, taken 
without any epithet, *means the abstraction of 
blood by means of the scarificator and cups:- 
(F.) Ventouses searifiees, (L.) Cucurbitula cru- 
enta, C. cum Ferro. The verb ' to cup,' signifies 
to draw blood by cupping. 
CUP-PLANT, Silphium perfoliatum. 
CUPRESSUS, C. sempervirens-c. Arbor vitae, 
Thuya occidentalis. 
Cupress'us Sempervi'rens, C. pyramida'lis. 
The systematic name of the Cupres'sus, Cyparis'- 
sus, Cypress, (F.) Cypres. The berries, leaves, 
and wood, have been considered astringent and 
useful in intermittents. The whole plant abounds 
with a bitter, aromatic, and terebinthinate fluid. 
CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, Cuprum am- 
moniatum-c. et Ammoniae sulphas, Cuprum am- 
moniatum-c. Diacetas, C. subacetas. 
Cupri Limatu'ra, Filings of Copper, (F.) 
Limailles de Cuivre, have been used in hydro- 
phobia. It has been remarked under Cuprum, 
that they are inert. 
Cupri Rubigo, Cupri subacetas. 
Cupri Subace'tas, C.Diace'tas, AEru'go, Ver'- 
digris, Hispan'icum vir'ide, Prasi'num viride, 
Cupri Rubi'go, Crystals of Venus, Vir'ide yE'ris. 
Airu'ca, Cal'cithos, Subac"etate of Copper, (F.) 
Sous-acetate de Cuivre, Vert-de-gris, Crystaux de 
Vinus, Verdet. Impure subacetate of copper. 
This, as usually met with, is in masses, difficult 
to break; not deliquescent; foliaceous; of a fine 
bluish-green colour, and salt taste. It is tonic, 
emetic, escharotic, and detergent; but scarcely 
ever employed internally. Chiefly used in de- 
tergent ointments. Dose, as' a tonic, under 
J gr.: emetic, from gr. j to gr. ij. Powdered 
verdigris appears to be the active ingredient in 
Smellome's Eye-salve, which may be imitated by 
rubbing half a drachm of finely powdered verdi- 
gris with a little oil, and then mixing it with an 
ounce of yellow basilicon. 
An ointment composed of one drachm of finely 
powdered verdigris, with an ounce of lard or sper- 
maceti ointment, is used in psoriasis, tetter, <fcc. 
Cupri Sulphas, Vitriolum Cupri, Vitriolum 
Ven'eris, V. Cyp'rium, V. Cyp'rinum, V. Caru'. CUPRUM 
leum, V. Roma'num, Cuprum Vitriola'turn, Lapis 
Cceru'leus, Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone, Blue 
Vitriol, Roman Vitriol, Mortooth, (F.) Sulfate de 
Cuivre, is in rhomboidal, rich, blue, semi-trans- 
parent, efflorescing crystals. The taste is harsh, 
styptic, and corrosive. It is soluble in four parts 
of water at 60°, and is tonic, emetic, astringent, 
and escharotic. As a tonic, it has been used in 
epilepsy, intermittents, Ac. Dose, as a tonic, gr. 
i to gr. ij, in pill; as an emetic, gr. ij to x, in 
water. A very weak solution is sometimes used 
in ophthalmia and in gleet; and it forms the 
basis of Bates's camphora'ta, which has 
been recommended, diluted with sixteen parts of 
water, in the purulent ophthalmia of children. 
Cupri Sulphas Ammoniacalis, Cuprum am- 
moniatum-c.- Vitriolum, Cupri sulphas. 
CUPRUM, Chaleos, AEs, Venus of the Alchy- 
mists: Copper, Cyp'rium,Vir'ide monta'num, (F.) 
Cuivre. Its odour is peculiar and sensible when 
rubbed; taste disagreeable and metallic ; colour 
red-yellow. S. g. 7.87 ; ductile; very malleable; 
less hard than iron; easily oxidized. In its me- 
tallic state, it exerts no action on the system. 
When swallowed, it undergoes no deleterious 
change. Copper cannot be dissolved whilst tin is 
in the mixture, and hence the utility of tinning 
copper vessels. Copper culinary vessels are harm- 
less under ordinary cleanliness, provided the sub- 
stances be not suffered to remain in them till 
cold. The salts of copper are very deleterious. 
Cuprum Ammonia'tum, C. Ammoniaca'le, C. 
Ammoni''acum, C. ammonHaco-sulphu'ricum, Am- 
monia'ted Copper, Ammoni'acai Sulphate of Cop- 
per, Ammoniure'tum Cupri, Sal anti-epilep'ticus 
of Weissman, Sulfas Cupri ammoniaca'lis, S. 
ammoni'ac<p. cupra'tus, Sub-sulfas Ammo'nio-cu'- 
pricus, Sulfas Cupri et Ammo'nice, Deuto-Sulfas 
Cupri et Ammo'nice, Cupri Ammo'nio-sulphas, 
Ammo'nice Cupro-sulphas, Ammo'nio-sulphate of 
Copper, (F.) Sulfate de cuivre et d'ammoniaque, 
Cuivre ammoniacal. (Cupri Sulph. £ss; Ammon. 
Carb. £vj. Rub in a glass mortar till efferves- 
cence ceases. Wrap the ammoniated copper in 
bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. 
Keep in a well-stopped glass bottle.-Ph. U. S.) 
A crystalline powder of a rich violet colour, and 
hot, styptic taste. By exposure to air, it becomes 
partly converted into carbonate of copper. It is 
tonic and astringent, and has been chiefly em- 
ployed in epilepsy and other obstinate spasmodic 
diseases. Dose, gr. i gradually increased to gr. 
iv, in pill. 
Cuprum Vitriolatum, Cupri sulphas. 
CU'PULAR, Cupula'ris, (F.) Cupulaire; from 
cupula, 'a small cup.' Of or belonging to a cupula. 
Cupular Cau'tery, Cautire cupulaire, is an 
iron in the shape of a cupula, formerly used to 
cauterize the skin of the cranium in certain dis- 
eases, as epilepsy, chronic headach, <fcc. 
CURA, Cura'tio, Merim'na, Merim'ne. At- 
tention to, or treatment or cure of, a disease. 
Keuchen defines Cura, ' medicine,' and Curator, 
' the physician.' Curatio, also, sometimes means 
purification; as, Adeps suilla curata.-Scribonius 
Largus. 
Cura Avena'cea. A decoction of oats and 
succory roots, in which a little nitre and sugar 
are dissolved. Used as a refrigerant. 
Cura Dervativa, Derivation-c. Fumigatoria, 
Thymiatechny. 
Cura Magna. ' Great cure.' A term em- 
ployed, at times, for a method of treatment pre- 
ferable to all others. Thus ptyalism has, by 
many, been considered the " cura, magna" for 
syphilis. 
Cura Medeana, Transfusion - c. Palliativa, 
260 
CURSUS 
see Palliative - c. Radicalis, see Palliative - e. 
Revulsoria, see Derivation. 
CU'RABLE, Sanab'ilis, Aces'tos, Aces'mius, 
liis'imos, (F.) Guerissable. That which is suscep- 
tible of cure. An epithet applied to both patients 
and diseases. 
CURARE, Wourali, Woorara, Wourari, Woo- 
raru, Wurali, Urari, Urali, Ourary, Voorara. 
A very energetic vegetable poison, employed by 
the South American Indians to poison their ar- 
rows. It is said to be obtained from the bark of 
a species'of convolvulus, called Vej'uco de Mava- 
cure, but is referred by Martius to Strychnos Gui- 
anen'sis, and by Dr. Schomburg to S. toxica'na. 
CURA'TIO, Mede'la, Sana'tio, A'cesis, Al- 
thex'is, Althax'is, Therapei'a, Idsis, Curation, 
The aggregate of means employed for the cure 
of disease. See Therapeutics. 
Curatio, Cura, Cure - c. Contrariorum per 
Contraria, Allopathy - c. Morbi per Inediam, 
Limotherapeia. 
CU'RATIVE, San'ative, Healing, Acesopho'rus, 
Acesino'sus. Relating to the cure of a disease. 
Curative Indications are those which point out 
the treatment to be employed. Curative Treat- 
ment, that employed in the cure of disease, in 
opposition to preservative or prophylactic treat- 
ment. We say, also, Curative Process, Curative 
Means, <fcc. 
CURATOR INFIRMORUM, Infirmier. 
CURCULIO, Penis. 
CURCUMA ANGUSTIFOLIA, see Arrow- 
root-c. Aromatica, Kmmpferia rotunda. 
Cur'cuma Longa, Cur'cuma, Amo'mum Cur'- 
cuma, Borri, Bor'r.iberri, Cober'ri, (Hindoostan,) 
Crocus In'dicus, Terra Mer'ita, Cannae' orus ra- 
di'ce cro'ceo; Family, Amomese; Sex. Syst. 
Monandria Monogynia; Mayel'la, Kua Kaha, 
Cype'rus In'dicus, Kvveipos IviiKOf of Dioscorides 
(?), Turmeric, (F.) Racine de Safran, Safran des 
Indes, Souchet des Indes. Turmeric root-the 
rhizoma of curcuma longa-is brought from the 
East Indies; but is possessed of very little, if 
any, medicinal efficacy. It is one of the ingre- 
dients in Curry Powder, 
Curcuma Zedoaria, see Ksempferia rotunda- 
c. Zerumbet, see Kasmpferia rotunda. 
CURD, ALUM, Coagulum aluminosum. 
CURDS, Curds of Milk, (F.) Caille, Lait 
caillA The coagulated part of milk. 
CURE; from cura, ' care.' Aces'ia, A'cesis, 
Aces'mus, Cura'tio, C. felix, Sana'tio, San'itas, 
(F.) Gulrison. A restoration to health; also, a 
remedy; a restorative. 
CURE-ALL, Geum Virginianum, OEnothera 
biennis. 
CUREDENT, Dentiscalpium. 
CURE DU RAISIN, Grape-cure. 
CURE-LANGUE, (F.) Lingua scalpium, 
Tongue-scraper. An instrument of ivory, tor- 
toise-shell, &c., shaped like a knife or rasp, for 
removing the mucous coating which covers the 
tongue after sleep, <fcc. 
CURE-0 RE IL LE, Ear-pick. 
CURETTE, Scoop. 
CURMI, Courmi. 
CURRANT, BLACK, Ribes nigrum - c. Red, 
Ribes rubrum. 
CURRANTS, see Vitis Corinthiaca. 
CURRY or CURRIE POWDER. A eondi- 
ment, formed of various spices, and eaten with 
rice, particularly in India. The following is one 
of the forms of its preparation : Sem. eoriand. 
Sxviii, pip. nigr. cayen. §j, rad. curcuma, 
sem. cumini, aa sem. foenugr. -5iv: mix. 
CURSUMA HtEMORRHOIDALIS HERBA, 
Ranunculus ficaria. CURVAMEN 
CURSUS, Running-c. Matricis, Leucorrhoea 
C. Menstruus, Menses. 
CURVAMEN, Curvature. 
CURVATEUR DU COCCYX, Curvator Coc- 
cygis. 
CURVATIO, Campsis. 
CURVA'TOR COCCY'GIS, (F.) Curvateur du 
Coccyx. Sommering gives this name to a small 
bundle of fleshy fibres, which descends on the 
middle of the coccyx, uniting on each side with 
the ischio-coccygei muscles. It is a part of those 
muscles. 
CUR'VATURE, Curvatu'ra, Curva'men, Flex- 
u'ra, Gnamp'sis, from curvus, 'crooked;' Cyrto'- 
ma, (F.) Courbure. The condition of a line or 
surface, which approximates more or less to the 
form of an arc; as the curvatures of the spine, 
duodenum, stomach, &c. Accidental curvatures 
of bones are the effect of rickets, or Mollifies 
ossium. The Greeks called the curvature of the 
spine, 'vftos, axoXios, and Xopbos, according as the 
deviation was backwards, laterally, or forwards. 
CURVE OF CARUS, see Pelvis. 
CURVED LINES, (F.) Courbes Lignes. Two 
crooked lines or projections on the posterior sur- 
face of the occipital bone. They are distinguished 
into superior and inferior. Some lines on the os 
innominatum are also so called. 
CURVIMER, Oucumis sativus. 
CUSCO-CINCHONIA, Aricina. 
CUSCUTA, C. Europaea. 
Cuscuta Chlorocarpa, see C. Glomerata. 
Cuscu'ta Epith'ymum, C. minor. The system- 
atic name of the Dodder of Thyme. Epith'ymum, 
Epith'ymum Cuscu'ta seu Cre'ticum. A parasiti- 
cal plant, possessed of a strong, disagreeable 
smell, and a pungent taste, very durable in the 
mouth. It was once used as a cathartic in me- 
lancholia. 
Cuscuta Europ.b'a seu major seu vulga'ris seu 
tetran'dra seu filiform'is, Cuscu'ta, Epith'ymum 
officina'rum, was conceived to possess similar 
properties. 
Cuscuta Filiformis, C. Europaea. 
Cus'cuta Glomera'ta, and Cuscuta Chloro- 
carpa, Dodder, Amer'ican Dodder, indigenous 
plants, are bitterish, subastringent, tonic, and 
anti-periodic. 
Cuscuta Major, C. Europaea - c. Minor, C. 
Epithymum-c. Tetrandra, C. Europaea-c. Vul- 
garis, C. Europaea. 
CUSPARIA BARK, see C. Febrifuge-c. Bark, 
False, Brucea antidysenterica, and Strychnos 
nux vomica. 
Cuspa'ria Febrif'uga, Bonplan'dia trifo- 
lia'ta seu angustu'ra, Angustu'ra, Galipot'a fe- 
brifuga. Order, Rutaceae. The South American 
tree, which furnishes the Cuspa'ria or Angustura 
Bark, (F.) Angusture vraie, Quinquina faux de 
Virginie. According to Dr. Hancock, however, 
the Angustura bark is derived from Galipa'a 
officinalis, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia, Nat. 
Ord. Diosmeae ; and this view has been adopted 
in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. Its 
odour is peculiar; taste intensely bitter and 
slightly aromatic; pieces thin; externally, gray 
and wrinkled ; internally, yellowish-fawn ; frac- 
ture, short and resinous. It yields its virtues to 
water and to proof spirit. It is tonic, stimulant, 
and aromatic. Dose, gr. v to xx or more, in powder. 
CUSPIS. A spear. This name has been 
given to the glans penis. - Rolfink. It meant, 
also, a kind of bandage. 
CUSTODIA VIRGINITATIS, Hymen. 
GUSTOS, Vulva. 
CUT, from (F.) couteau, 'a knife,* or from 
West Gothic, kota, 'to cut;' or from kotttw, 'I 
cut.' Ccesu'ra, Tome, Incis'io, Vulnus simplex, 
Tresis vulnus simplex, Cope, (F.) Coupure. A 
261 
CUTANEOUS 
common expression for the division or solution 
of continuity made by a sharp instrument. 
CUTAM'BULUS, from cutis, 'skin/ and am- 
bulo, 'I walk.' ' Walking in the skin.' An epithet 
given to certain parasitical animals, which creep 
under the skin; such as the Guinea-worm; and 
to certain pains felt between the skin and flesh, 
as it were. 
CUTANEAL, Cutaneous. 
CUTANEO-SOURCILIER, Corrugator su- 
percilii. 
CUTA'NEOUS, Cuta'neal, Cuta'neus, (F.) Cu- 
tant, from cutis, 'the skin.' Belonging to the skin. 
Cutaneous Diseases, Eruptions, Epiphy'- 
mata, are the numerous affections of a morbid 
character to which the skin is liable, - Dermato- 
pathi'a, Dermato'ses. 
Chronic cutaneous diseases may be thus classified: 
1. Exanthematous 
Urticaria. 
Roseola. 
Erythema. 
2. Vesicular 
Pemphigus. 
Rupia. 
Herpes. 
Eczema. 
Impetigo. 
Ecthyma. 
Scabies. (?) 
3. Pustular 
4. Papular 
Lichen. 
Strophulus. 
Prurigo. 
5. Squamous 
Lepra. 
Psoriasis. 
Pityriasis. 
Acne. 
Sycosis. 
Ichthyosis. 
Trichosis. 
Favus. 
6. Folliculous.... 
Cutaneous Exhalation and Absorption are 
those which take place from the skin. 
Cutaneous, Middle Posterior, see Sciatic 
nerve, lesser. 
Cutaneous Nerves, Cutaneal Nerves, so 
called, of the upper extremity, are two in num- 
ber. They are given off from the brachial plexus. 
The internal cutaneous, C'ubito-cutane, (Ch.,) de- 
scends along the inner part of the arm, and di- 
vides above the elbow into two branches; the 
outermost of which follows the outer edge of the 
biceps, and spreads over the anterior and inner 
part of the forearm; and the innermost accom- 
panies the basilic vein, passing to the correspond- 
ing side of the hand and little finger. The exter- 
nal cutaneous, Radio-cutane (Ch.,) Mus'culo-Cu- 
ta'neus, Per'forans Casse'rii, passes outwards, 
perforates the coraco-brachialis; descends along 
the anterior and outer part of the arm; passes 
as far as the middle fold of the elbow under the 
median cephalic; and descends along the ante- 
rior and outer edge of the forearm. At some 
distance above the wrist, it divides into two 
branches; an outer, which is distributed on the 
back of the hand, the thumb and index finger; 
and an inner, which descends on the muscles of 
the thumb into the palm of the hand, and divides 
into fine filaments, which may be traced to the 
fingers. 
Cutaneous nerves, Middle cutaneous, two in 
number, are branches of the crural or femoral 
nerve. They are distributed to the integument 
of the middle and lower part of the thigh and of 
the knee. 
Nervus Cutaneus Minor, Lesser internal cuta 
neons nerve, Nerve of Wrisberg, takes its origin 
from the axillary plexus, but is more particu- 
larly connected with the ulnar nerve. It soon 
separates from the ulnar, running afterwards be- 
tween it and the inner side of the arm. A little CUTCH 
below the axilla it divides into two branches, 
which are distributed to the arm. 
Chaussier calls the cephalic and basilic veins 
the Radial and Cubital Cutaneous. 
CUTCH, Catechu. 
CUTI, Catechu. 
CUTICULA, Epidermis. 
CUTIO, Oniscus. 
CUTIS, Pellis, Pella, Co'rium, Derma, Deris, 
Anthro'pe, Anthro'pen, Skin, (F.) Peau. A dense, 
resisting membrane, of a flexible and extensible 
nature, which forms the general envelope of the 
body; and is continuous with the mucous mem- 
branes, through the different natural apertures. 
It is generally considered to be formed of three 
distinct layers - the epidermis, rete or more pro- 
perly corpus mucosum, and corium. Some anato- 
mists, however, separate it into several others. 
Its outer surface is covered by a number of small 
eminences, called papillae, which are generally 
regarded as essentially nervous and vascular. 
The skin is our medium of communication with 
external bodies. It protects the subjacent parts; 
is the seat of touch, and through it are exhaled 
the watery parts of the blood, which are not 
needed in the nutrition of the body. The state 
of the skin, as regards heat and dryness, affords 
useful information in pathological investiga- 
tions. Its colour, too, requires attention: the 
paleness of disease is as characteristic as the rosy 
complexion of health. The colour of the skin 
varies according to the age, sex, &c. As a 
general rule, it is finer in the female and child 
than in the male and adult. In old age it be- 
comes light-coloured, thin, and dry. It likewise 
varies according to the races, <tc. 
Cutis Anserina, Horrida cutis - c. Carnosa, 
Panniculus carnosus-c. Extima, Epidermis - c. 
Linguae, see Tongue - c. Suilla, Couenne- c. 
Summa, Epidermis - c. Tensa Chronica, Indura- 
tion of the cellular tissue-c. Ultima, Epidermis. 
CUTITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflammation. 
CUTTING ON THE GRIPE, see Lithotomy. 
CUTTLE FISH, Sepia. 
CUTTUBUTH, Cutubuth, Leucomo'ria, Me- 
lancholia errabund'a. The Arabian physicians 
gave this name to a species of melancholy, ac- 
companied with so much agitation, that the pa- 
tients cannot remain tranquil for the space of an 
hour. 
CUURDO CANELLA, Laurus cinnamomum. 
CYANODERMIA, Cyanopathy. 
CYAN'OGEN, (F.) Cyanogine ; from xvavos, 
'blue,' and yevvaui, 'I generate.' So called from 
its being an ingredient in Prussian blue. It 
forms, with oxygen, the cyanic and other acids; 
with hydrogen, the hydrocyanic acid. 
CYANOP'ATHY, Cyanopathi'a, Cyano'sis, C. 
cardi'aca,Cyanoder'mia,Acleitro-cardia (Piorry), 
Hamato-cyano'sis, Kyano'sis, Morbus cceru'leus, 
Ccerulo'sis neonato'rum, from Kvavos, 'blue,' and 
iraSof, 'affection.* (F.) Cyanose, Maladie bleu, 
Ictire bleu. A disease in which the surface of 
the body is coloured blue. It is often symptom- 
atic, and commonly depends on a direct com- 
munication between the cavities of the right 
and left side of the heart. Such communication 
does not, however, always occasion the blue dis- 
ease, but it is generally thought that the disease 
never exists without this state of parts ; or with- 
out some obstacle to the circulation in the right 
side of the heart. The blueness does not seem 
to be owing to the admixture of black and red 
blood. A child affected with blueness is said to 
be cyanosed, (F.) Cyanose. 
CYANOSE, Cyanosis. 
CYANOSE, see Cyanosis, 
CYANOSIS, Cyanopathy-c. Pulmonalis, Ate- 
lectasis pulmonum.. 
262 
CYCLES 
CYANURETUM FERRO-ZINCICUM, Zinci 
ferro-hydrocyanas. 
CYANUS, Centaurea cyanus-c. Algyptiacus, 
Nymphaea nelumbo. 
Cy'anus Seg"etum, Bluebottle, (F.) Bluet des 
Moissons, Barbeau, Aubifoin, Casse-Lunettes. 
The flowers of this European plant, when dis- 
tilled with water, have been used in ophthalmia. 
CYAR, Kvap. ' The eye of a needle,' ' a small 
hole.' The Meatus audito'rius internus. See 
Auditory canal, (internal.) 
CYATHIS'CUS, diminutive of KvaSos, 'a bowl.' 
The concave part of a sound, made like a small 
spoon, as in the case of the ear-pick. 
CY'ATHUS, 'a bowl.' A measure, both of the 
liquid and dry kind, equal to about an ounce and 
a half, or to the tenth part of a pint. According 
to Pliny and Galen, about 10 drachms. 
Cyathus Cerebri, Infundibulum of the brain. 
CYBE, Head. 
CYBITON, Cubitus. 
CYBOIDES, Cuboid. 
CYCAS CIRCINALIS, see Sago-c. Revoluta, 
see Sago. 
CYC'EON, from KVKaw, 'I mix together.' The 
ancient name of a medicine of the consistence of 
pap, composed of wine, water, honey, flour, 
barley meal, and cheese.-Hippocrates. 
CYC'LAMEN EUROPAS'UM, Arthani'ta, A. 
cyc'lamen, Cyclam'inus, Cyssan'themon, Oysso- 
pbyl'lon, Panis porci'nus, Cas'amum, Chyli'ne, 
' sow-bread.' Fam. Primulacese. Sex. Syst. 
Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) Pain du Porceau. 
The fresh root is said to be acrid, bitter, drastic, 
and anthelmintic. Dose, gj. For external use, 
see Arthanita. 
CYCLE, Cyclus, from kwkXoj, 'a circle.' A 
period or revolution of a certain number of years 
or days. The Methodists gave this name to an 
aggregate of curative means, continued during 
a certain number of days. Nine was the usual 
number. 
Cycle, Hebdom'adal or Heptal. A period of 
seven or years, which, according to some, 
either in its multiple or submultiple, governs an 
immense number of phenomena of animal life. 
CYCLISCUS, Cyclismus. 
CYCLIS'MUS. A Troch, Trochis'cus. The 
name, as well as Cyclis'cus, was also given to a 
circular kind of rasp. They have the same ety- 
mon as cycle. 
CYCLOCEPH'ALUS, from kvkXos, 'a circle,' 
and Ketyahn, ' head.' A monster whose eyes are 
in contact, or united in one. 
CYCLOPHOR'IA, from riocXof, 'a circle,' and 
<pcpu>, ' I bear.' The circulation of the blood or 
other fluids. 
CYCLO'PIA. Same etymon as Cyclops. State 
of a monster that has both eyes united into one. 
Called, also, Monops'ia and Bhinencephal'ia. 
Cyclopia Genistoi'des ; Nat. Ord. Legumi- 
nisae. A South African plant, the decoction and 
infusion of which are used as expectorants in 
chronic bronchitis and in phthisis. 
CYCLOPS, from rurXor, 'an orb or 
circle,' and u'/, 'an eye.' Monoc'ulus, Monops, 
Monophthal'mus, Monom'matus, Unioc'ulus, Unoe'- 
ulus. A monster having but one eye, and that 
placed in the middle of the forehead, like the 
fabulous Cyclops. 
CYCLOTOME, Cyclot'omus, from xvrXo;, 'a 
circle,' and Ttjivciv, 'to cut.' An instrument, com- 
posed of a ring of gold and a cutting blade, by 
means of which the ball of the eye can be fixed, 
whilst the cornea is cut. It was invented by a 
surgeon of Bordeaux, named GuSrin, for extract- 
ing the cataract. It is not used. 
CYCLUS, Circulus. CYDONIA 
263 
CYNANCHE 
CYDONIA, Pyrus cydonia - c. Maliformis, 
Pyrus cydonia-c. Vulgaris, Pyrus cydonia. 
CYDONIA'TUM, Cydona'ftm, Dyacydonites. 
A composition of the Cydonia mala or quinces, 
with the addition of spices.-Paulus of Angina. 
CYDONIUM MALUM, see Pyrus cydonia. 
CYE'MA, Kvnpa, from kvw, 'I conceive.' Con- 
ception. Likewise the product of conception. 
See Embryo and Foetus. 
CYESIOGNO'MON, from kuj/o-i;, 'pregnancy,' 
and yvui/iKuv, 'a sign, a token.' A sign of pregnancy. 
CYESIOGNO'SIS, from evnais, ' pregnancy,' 
and yvdxrif, ' knowledge.' Diagnosis of pregnancy. 
CYESIOL'OGY, Cyesiolog"ia, from «cv>/<r<s, 
'pregnancy,' and \oyos, 'a description.' The 
doctrine of gestation. 
CYESIS, Conception, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
CYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
CYLICII'NE, Cylichnis. A pill-box or earth- 
enware pot, or small cup; from KuXif, 'a cup.' - 
Galen, Foesius. 
CYLINDRI, see Villous membranes-c. Mem- 
branacei renum, see Calix. 
CYL'INDROID, Cylindroi' des, from <coXtvXpo$, 
'cylinder,' and ri<5os, 'form.' Having the form 
of a cylinder. Chaussier calls the Cornu Ammo- 
nis, Protuberance cylindrdide. 
CYLINDROIDES, Teres. 
CYLLOEPUS, see Kyllosis. 
CYLLOPODA, see Kyllosis. 
CYLLOPODION, see Kyllosis. 
CYLLO'SIS, KvXXwaif. Lameness, mutilation, 
or vicious conformation. - Hippocrates, Galen. 
See Kyllosis. 
CYLLOSMUS; from kvXXo?, 'crooked.' A 
malformation by defect, in which the fissure and 
eventration are lateral, chiefly in the lower part 
of the abdomen, the inferior extremity of the side 
affected with the fissure absent, or very little de- 
veloped.-Vogel. 
CYMATO'DES, Undo'sus, from Kvpa, 'a wave,' 
and e<<5of, ' resemblance.' The vacillating, undu- 
latory character of the pulse in weak individuals. 
CYMBA, Vulva. 
CYMBALARIA ELATINE, Antirhinum ela- 
tine-c. Muralis, Antirhinum linaria. 
CYMBALARIS, Cricoid. 
CYMBIFORME OS, Scaphoid bone. 
CYMBOPOGON SCHCENANTHUS, Juncus 
odoratus. 
CYMINUM, Cuminum cyminum. 
CYNAN'CHE, Angd'na, from kvo>v, 'a dog,' 
and ayxu> 'I suffocate'(?), Sore Throat, Para- 
cynan'che, Synan'che, Prunel'la, Squinan'thia, 
Empres'ma Paristhmi'tis, Cauma Paristhmi'tis, 
Isthmi'tis, Paristhmi'tis, Inflammatio Fau'cium, 
' Dog choak.' Inflammatiqn of the supradia- 
phragmatic portion of the alimentary canal, and 
of the lining membrane of the upper part of the 
air-passages:-(F.) Angine, Esquinancie, Mai de 
Gorge, Synancie, Squinaneie, Kinancie. It com- 
prises the following chief varieties. 
Cynanche Epidemica, Cynanche maligna-c. 
Externa, C. Parotidaaa-c. Faucium, C. tonsillaris 
-c. Gangrasnosa, Cynanche maligna-c. Laryn- 
gea, Laryngitis. 
Cynanche Malig'na, C. gangrceno'sa, Angi'na 
ulcero'sa, Febris epidem'ica cum Angi'nd, Em- 
pres'ma Paristhmi'tis Malig'na, Tone ilia' rum gan- 
groe'na, Tonsil'la pestilen'tes, Cynanche epidem'- 
ica, C. pur'puro-parotidce'a, Cynanche ulcero'sa, 
Epidem'ica gutturis lues, Pestilens fau'cium affec'- 
tue, Padan'chone (?), Gangrcena Tonsilla'rum, 
Ulcus Syriacum, Garrotil'lo, Carbun'cuhts angi- 
no'sus, Angina ulcusculo'sa, A. epidem'ica, A. 
gangreeno'sa, A. malig'na, A. fau'cium malig'na, 
Isthmoty'phus, Putrid, Ulcerous Sore Throat, 
Gangrenous Inflammation of the Pharynx, (F.) 
Angine gangrineuse, A. Maligne. It is charac- 
terized by crimson redness of the mucous mem- 
brane of the fauces and tonsils; ulcerations, co- 
vered with mucus, and spreading sloughs, of an 
ash or whitish hue; the accompanying fever ty- 
phus. It is often epidemic, and generally conta- 
gious; and is frequently found accompanying 
scarlet fever,-giving rise to the variety, Scarla- 
tina maligna. Cynanche maligna has been made 
to include both diphtheritic and gangrenous pha- 
ryngitis. See Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
The general treatment is the same as in typhus; 
and stimulant antiseptic gargles must be used, 
consisting, for example, of the decoction of bark 
and muriatic acid. 
Cynanche Maxillaris, c. Parotidaea-c. CEso- 
phagea, Gisophagitis. 
Cynanche Parotid a:'a, Empres'ma Paroti'tis, 
Parotitis, P. epidem'ica, P. erysipelato'sa, P. 
contagio'sa, P. spu'ria, P. sero' so-glu' tine tu'mens, 
Parot'ia, Parotidi'tis, Cynan'che Parotides, C. 
exter'na, Angina maxilla'ris, Gissa, Angina ex- 
terna, Angi'na parotidce'a exter'na, Erythrochoe'- 
ras, Cynan'che maxilla'ris, Genyocynan'che, Gna- 
thocynan'che, Injlamma'tio paro'tidum, Infla'tio 
paro'tidum, Catar'rhus Bellinsula'nus, Franks 
(Scotch), Mumps, (F.) Inflammation de la Paro- 
tide, Oreillons, Curies. The characteristic symp- 
toms are :-a painful tumour of the parotid gland, 
or of the cellular tissue surrounding it, or of both, 
not of the suppurative kind; frequently extend- 
ing to the maxillary gland. It is very conspicu- 
ous externally, and is often accompanied with 
swelling of the testes in the male, and of the 
mammae in the female; the testes being some- 
times absorbed afterwards. It is generally epi- 
demic, and apparently contagious. (?) The treat- 
ment is very simple; the adoption merely of the 
antiphlogistic plan, under which it usually soon 
disappears. When inflammation of the mammae 
or testes supervenes, it must be treated as if idio- 
pathic. 
Epidem'ic Paroti'tis or Mumps is also termed 
Paroti'tis polymor'pha, P. epidem'ica, P. spe- 
cif'ica. 
Cynanche Pharynge'a, Empres'ma Paris- 
thmi'tis Pharyngea, Isthmi'tis, Pharyngi'tis, In- 
jlamma'tio Pharyn'gis, P ar a sy nan' che, Angina 
inflammatoria, Sp. iv. - (Boerhaave.) (F.) An- 
gine Pharyngee, Catarrhe pharyngien. Inflam- 
mation of the pharynx. 
This disease can hardly be said to differ, in 
pathology or treatment, from Cynanche tonsil- 
laris. The same may be remarked of the Cynan- 
che CEsophage' a, (Esopthagi'tis. 
Cynanche Prunella, C. Tonsillaris - c. Pur- 
puro-parotidaea, Cynanche maligna-c. Simplex, 
Isthmitis-c. Stridula, C. trachealis. 
Cynanche Tonsilla'ris, Empresma Paris- 
thmi'tis Tonsilla'ris, Synan'che, Cynan'che fau- 
cium Amygdali'tis, Brand, Branchi, Hyan'che, 
Tonsilli'tis, Cynanche Prunel'la, Paristh'mia, 
Paristhmi'tis, Dyspha'gia inflammato'ria, Anti- 
adi'tis, Angina inflammato'ria, A. cum tumo'rl, 
A. tonsilla'ris, A. Synocha'lis, A. Sanguin'ea, A. 
vera et legit'ima, Injlamma'tio Tonsilla'rum, An- 
tiadon' cus inflammato'rius, Inflammatory Sore 
Throat, Common Squinancy, Squinsy or Quinsy, 
(F.) Amygdalite, Inflammation des Amygdale/., 
Angine tonsillaire, Pharyngite tonsillaire, Esqui- 
nancie, Squinaneie, Catarrhe guttural, Angine gut- 
turals inflammatoire. The characteristic symp- 
toms of this affection are, swelling and florid 
redness of the mucous membrane of the fauces, 
and especially of the tonsils; painful and im- 
peded deglutition, accompanied with inflamma- 
tory fever. It is generally ascribed to cold, and 
is one of the most common affections of cold and CYNANCHICA 
-- 
temperate climates. It usually goes off by reso- 
lution, but frequently ends in suppuration. 
Common sore throat is an affection of no con- 
sequence. It requires merely rest, and the ob- 
servance of the antiphlogistic regimen. When 
more violent, - in addition to this, - bleeding, 
local or general, or both,-purgatives, inhalation 
of the steam of warm water; acid, or emollient 
gargles; rubefacients externally, or sinapisms or 
blisters. When suppuration must inevitably 
occur, the continued use of the inhaler must be 
advised, and an opening be made into the abscess 
as soon as pus shall have formed. If the patient 
be likely to be suffocated by the tumefaction, 
bronchotomy may be necessary. 
Cynanche Trachea'lis ; the Cynanche laryn- 
ge'a of some, Suffoca'tio strid'ula, Angi'na perni- 
cio'sa, Asthma infan'tum, Cynanehe strid'ula, Ca- 
tar'rhus suffocati'vus Barbaden'sis, Angina poly- 
po'sa sive membrana'cea sive pulpo'sa, Empres'- 
ma Bronchi'tis, E. Bronchlemmi'tis, Angina in- 
flammato'ria, A. suffocato'ria, A. strepito'sa, 
Angina canina, A. exsudato'ria, Laryngi'tis et 
Trachei'tis infan'tilis, Laryngos'tasis seu La- 
ryngo-trachei'tis, Laryngo-tracheitis with diph- 
therit'ic exuda'tion, Laryngoc'ace, Orthopnoe'a cy- 
nan'chica, Cynanchorthopnce'a, Pcedanchone (?), 
A. Trachea'lis, Morbus Strangulate' rius, Trachi'- 
tis, Trachei'tis, Tracheli'tis, Diphtheri'tis trache- 
a'lis, Expectora'tio Sol'ida, Cauma Bronchi'tis, 
Croup, Roup, Hives, Choak, Stuffing, Rising of 
the lights, (F.) Angine laryngee et tracheale, La- 
ryngite avec production defausses membranes, La- 
ryngite pseudo-membraneuse. A disease charac- 
terized by sonorous and suffocative breathing; 
harsh voice; cough, ringing, or like the barking 
of a dog; fever, highly inflammatory. It is apt 
to be speedily attended with the formation of a 
false membrane, which lines the trachea beneath 
the glottis, and occasions violent dyspnoea and 
suffocation, but is sometimes expectorated. The 
dyspnoea, as in all other affections of the air- 
passages, has evident exacerbations. It differs 
in its character in different situations; being in- 
finitely more inflammatory in some places than 
in others, and hence the success obtained by dif- 
ferent modes of treatment. It chiefly affects 
children, and is apt to recur, but the subsequent 
attacks are usually less and less severe. 
As a general rule, it requires the most ac- 
tive treatment; bleeding from the arm or neck, 
so as to induce paleness; leeches applied to the 
neck, <tc., according to the age,-the warm bath, 
blisters to the neck or chest, and purgatives. 
Formidable as the disease may be, if this plan be 
followed early, it will generally be successful. 
Many specifics have been recommended, but 
the search has been idle and fruitless. The 
majority of cases of what are called croup are 
not of this inflammatory cast; but are more of a 
spasmodic character, and have been termed by 
the French faux croups, and with us are occa- 
sionally termed spasmodic croup. They generally 
yield to an emetic and the warm bath. 
Cynanche Trachealis Spasmodica, Asthma 
acutum, A. Thymicum - c. Ulcerosa, Cynanehe 
maligna. 
CYNAN'CHICA. Medicines used in cases of 
quinsy were formerly so called. 
CYANCHORTHOPNIEA, Cynanehe tra- 
chealvs. 
CYNAN'CHUM. Same etymon. A genus of 
plants, Nat. Ord. Asclepiadaceae, of which the 
following are used in medicine. 
Cynanchum Argel, C. oleeefolium-c. Ipeca- 
cuanha, Asclepias asthmatica. 
Cynanchum Monspeliacum, Scam'mony of 
Montpellier. The plant furnishes a blackish kind 
264 
CYOTROPHY 
of gum-resin, which is purgative, and but littl 
used. 
Cynanchum C. argel, Soleno 
stem'ma argel, Argel. An Egyptian, Nubian ana 
Arabian shrub, the leaves of which form a por- 
tion of most samples of Alexandrian senna. 
They resemble senna in their action. 
Cynanchum Vincetoxicum, Asclepias vince- 
toxieum. 
Cynanchum Vomito'rium, Ipecacuan'ha of the 
hie of France. As its name imports, this plant 
resembles ipecacuanha in properties. It is emetic, 
in the dose of from 12 to 24 grains of the powder. 
CYNANTHEMIS, Anthemis cotula. 
CYNANTHRO'PIA, from mv, 'dog,' and 
avSpwTros, 'man.' A variety of melancholia, in 
which the patient believes himself changed into 
a dog; and imitates the voice and habits of that 
animal. 
CYN'ARA, C. Scol'ymus, Cin'ara scol'ymus. 
The systematic name of the Ar'tichoke, Alcoc'- 
alum, Articoc'alus, Artiscoc'cus lavis, Costus ni- 
gra, Car'duus sati'vus non spino'sus, Cinara hor- 
ten'sis, Scolymus sati'vus, Car'duus sativus, Car- 
duus domest'icus cap'ite majo're, Carduus al'tilis, 
(F.) Artichaut. Family, Carduaceae. Sex. Syst. 
Syngenesia Polygamia aequalis. Indigenous in 
the southern parts of Europe. Much used as an 
agreeable article of diet. The juice of the leaves, 
mixed with white wine, has been given in dropsies. 
CYN'ICUS, Cyno'des, from kvu>v, 'a dog.' 
Cynic. Relating to, or resembling a dog. Cynic 
spasm is a convulsive contraction of the muscles 
of one side of the face,-dragging the eye, cheek, 
mouth, nose, <tc., to one side. See Canine. 
CYNIPS QUERCUS FOLII, see Quercus in- 
CYNOCOPRUS, Album grtecum. 
CYNOCRAMBE, Mercurialis perennis. 
CYNOCTONON, Aconitum. 
CYNOCYTISUS, Rosa canina. 
CYNODEC'TOS, from kvu>v, 'a dog,' and 
' I bite.' One who has been bitten by a dog.- 
Dioscorides. 
CYNODES, Cynicus. 
CYNODESMION, Fraenum penis. 
CYNODESMUS, Fraenum penis. 
CYNODONTES, Canine teeth. 
CYNOGLOS'SUM, from Kuwr, ' a dog,' and 
yXonraa, ' a tongue.' Cynoglos'sum ojfcina'le seu 
bi'color, Lingua Cani'na, Hound's tongue, Cabal- 
la'tion, (F.) Langue de Chien. Family, Boragi- 
neae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. It is 
aromatic and mucilaginous, and has been sup- 
posed to be possessed of narcotic properties. 
CYNOLOPHOI, Spinous processes of the ver- 
tebrae. 
CYNOLYSSA, Hydrophobia. 
CYNOMETRA AGALLOCHUM, Agallochum. 
CYNOMOIA, Plantago psyllium. 
CYNOMO'RIUM COCCIN'EUM, from kvuv, 
'a dog,' and pwpiov, 'the penis.' (F.) Champignon 
de Malte. Improperly called Fungus Meliten'sis, 
or Fungus of Malta, as it is not a fungus. The 
powder has been given as an astringent in he- 
morrhage, dysentery, &c. 
CYNOREXIA, Boulimia. 
CYNORRIIODON, Rosa canina. 
CYNOSBATOS, Rosa canina. 
CYNOSORCHIS, Orchis mascula. 
CYNOSPASTUM, Rosa canina. 
CYON, Kmnv. The word sometimes signifies 
the fraenum of the prepuce; at others, the penis. 
CYOPHORIA, Pregnancy. 
CYOT'ROPHY, Cyotroph'ia, Embryot'rophy, 
Embryotroph'ia, from kvoc, ' embryo,' and rpo<f>eiv, 
'to nourish.' Nutrition of the embryo. Foetal 
nutrition. CYPARI8SUS 
CYPARISSUS, Cupressus sempervirens. 
CYPERUS ANTIQUORUM, Lawsonia iner- 
mis-c. Indicus, Curcuma longa. 
Cype'rus Longus, C. Roma'nus, from icvirapos, 
' a round vessel,' which its roots have been said 
to resemble. Galangale, (F.) Souchet odorant. 
It possesses aromatic and bitter properties, but is 
not used. See, also, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
Cyperus Odorus, Dorstenia contrayerva - c. 
Peruanus, Dorstenia contrayerva - c. Romanus, 
C. longus. 
Cyperus Rotun'dus, C. tetras'tachys, the Round 
Cype'rus, (F.) Souchet rond. It is a more grate- 
fully aromatic bitter than the C. longus. 
Cyperus Tetrastachys, C. rotundus. 
CYPHO'MA, Cyphos, Cypho'sis, Cyrto'ma, Cyr- 
to'sis, Opisthocypho'sis, from *v0oj, ' gibbous.' 
Gibbosity of the spine. See Vertebral Column, 
&e. Cyrtosis forms a genus in the order Dys- 
thet'ica, and class Heemat'ica of Good, and is de- 
fined: 'head bulky, especially anteriorly; stature 
short and incurvated; flesh flabby, tabid, and 
wrinkled.' It includes Cretinism, and Rickets. 
CYP1IOSIS, Gibbositas, see Hump, and Ky- 
phosis. v 
CYPRES, Cupressus sempervirens. 
CYPRESS, Cupressus sempervirens-c. Tree, 
Liriodendron. 
CIP'RINUM O'LEUM, Oil of Cypress; pre- 
pared of olive oil, cypress flowers, calamus, myrrh, 
cardamom, inula, bitumen of Judaea, <tc. It was 
formerly employed in certain diseases of the 
uterus, pleurisies, <fcc., and was regarded to be 
both stimulant and emollient. 
CYPRIPE'DIUM ACAU'LE, Stemless Ladies' 
Slipper; Moccasin Flower; indigenous; flowers 
in May and June. The roots are used by steam- 
doctors in nervous diseases, like valerian. 
Cypripedium Calceolus, C. Luteum-c. Fla- 
vescens, C. Luteum. 
Cypripe'dium Lu'teum, C. Calce'olus, C. Fla- 
ves'cens, C. Pubes'cens, C. Parviflo'rum, Yellow 
ladies' slipper, Moc'casin flower, Yellows, Bleed- 
ing heart, Amer'ican vale'rian, Yellow umbil, male 
Mervine, Noah's ark, (F.) Sabot de Venus jaune. 
An indigenous plant, Nat. Order, Orchidaceae, 
which is found all over the United States; blos- 
soming in May and June. The root is considered 
to be antispasmodic, and is used in the same 
cases as valerian. 
Cypripedium Parviflorum, C. Luteum - c. 
Pubescens, C. Luteum. 
Cypripedium Spectab'ile, Showy ladies' slip- 
per, is the most beautiful of the genus. 
CYPRIUM, Cuprum. 
CYPSELE, Cerumen. 
CYRCEON, Anus. 
CYRTOIDES, Cuboid. 
CYRTOMA, Curvature, Cyphoma. 
CYRTONOSOS, Rachitis. 
CYSSANTHEMON, Cyclamen. 
CYSSARUS, Anus, Rectum. * 
CYSSOPIIYLLON, Cyclamen. 
CYS'SOTIS, from Kixroy, 'the anus.' The lower 
part of the rectum : tenesmus. 
CYST, Kyst. 
CYSTAL'GIA, Cystidal'gia, from kvotis, 'the 
bladder.' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the bladder. 
CYSTANENCEPHA'LIA,fromicv<mf, 'ablad- 
der,' and anencepha'lia, ' absence of brain.' A 
monstrosity, in which, in place of a brain, a 
bladder is found filled with fluid.-G. St. Hilaire. 
CYSTAU CHEN OTOM'IA, Cystotrachelotom'ia, 
Cystidotrachelotom'ia, from svaris, 'a bladder' 
avxyv, ' the neck,' and roprj, ' incision.' An inci- 
sion into the neck of the bladder. See Lithotomy. 
CYSTAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia vesi'ea, urina'rice, 
Callos'itas vesi'ccB; from kvotis, 'bladder/ and 
265 
CYSTIDORRHEXIS 
avfyi, 'increase.' Hypertrophy of the coats of 
the urinary bladder.-Fuchs. See Cysthypersar- 
cosis. 
CYSTECTASY, Litheetasy. 
CISTENCEPH'ALUS, from Kuans, 'bladder,* 
and KctpaXr), ' head.' A monster having a head 
with a vesicular brain.-G. St Hilaire. 
CYSTEOL'ITHOS, from scans, ' the bladder,' 
and XiBos, ' a stone.' Stone in the bladder. Also, 
a medicine, employed to dissolve or break stone. 
CYSTERETHIS'MUS, Fesi'ca Irritabil'itas; 
from scans, 'the bladder,' andtp£0<£a>, 'I irritate.' 
Irritability of the bladder. 
CYSTHEPAT'ICUS, from scant, 'the bladder,' 
and 'r/rrap, 'the liver.' Belonging to the gall- 
bladder and liver. This name was given, for- 
merly, to imaginary excretory ducts for the bile, 
which were supposed to pass directly from the 
liver to the gall-bladder. 
CYSTHEPATOLITHI'ASISjC'ystWejnatoZitAi'- 
Cholelith'ia, Cholelithi'asis, from scans, 'the 
bladder,' 'vnap, 'the liver,' and XiSiaais, 'pain 
caused by a calculus.' The aggregate of pheno- 
mena caused by the presence of biliary calculi. 
See Calculi, biliary. 
CYSTHITIS, Kysthitis. 
CYSTHUS, Anus. 
CYSfHYPERSARCO'SIS, from scans, 'blad- 
der,' 'un-cp, 'over,' and aapswais, 'a fleshy growth;' 
Excrescen'tia Vesica urina'ria. A fleshy thick- 
ening of the coats of the bladder. 
CYSTIC, Cys'ticus, from scans, 'a bladder.' 
Belonging to the gall-bladder. 
Cystic Artery, Arte'ria Cys'tica, is given off 
from the right branch of the hepatic, and divides 
into two branches, which proceed to the gall- 
bladder. It is accompanied by two cystic veins, 
which open into the vena porta abdominalis. 
Cystic Bilb. Bile contained in the gall- 
bladder. 
Cystic Calculi. Calculi formed in the gall- 
bladder. 
Cystic Duct, Ductus cys'ticus, Mea'tus cys'ti- 
cus. The duct proceeding from the gall-bladder, 
which, by its union with the hepatic, forms the 
ductus communis choledochus. 
Cystic Oxide Calculi, see Calculi. 
, Cystic Sarco'ma, of Ab'ernethy, Empby'ma 
Sarcoma cellulo' sum. Tumour, cellulose or cys- 
tose; cells oval, currant-sized or grape-sized, con- 
taining serous fluid; sometimes caseous. Found 
in the thyroid gland (forming bronchocele,) testis, 
ovarium, Ac. 
CYS'TICA, Cystic Remedies. Such medicines 
as were formerly believed proper for combating 
diseases of the bladder. 
CISTICER'CUS, from icuanj, 'a bladder,' and 
KtpKos, ' a tail.' A genus of entozoa of the family 
of the hydatids, distinguished by the caudal 
vesicle in which the cylindrical or slightly de- 
pressed body of the animal terminates. The Cys- 
ticer'cus cellulo'sa seu cellulo'sa, Hy'datis Anna 
has been often found in the cellular membrane ' 
CYSTIDALGIA, Cystalgia. 
CI STIDELCO'SIS, from scans, 'bladder,' and 
'cXsuais, 'ulceration.' Suppuration or ulceration 
of the urinary bladder. 
CYSTIDEPATICUS, Hepatocystic. 
CYSTIDEPATOLITHIASIS, Cysthepatolithl 
asis. 
CYSTIDOBLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTIDOCATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea 
CYSTIDOCELE, Cystocele. 
CYSTIDOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTIDORRHAGIA, Cystorrhaoda. 
CI SIIDORRHEXIS, Cystorrhexis. CYSTIDORRHCEA 
CYSTIDORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTIDOSOMATOTOMIA, Cystosomatoto- 
mia. 
CYSTIDOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
CYSTIDOSTENOCHORIA, Stricture of the 
urinary bladder. 
CYSTIDOTOMIA, Cystotomia. 
CYSTIDOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystaucheno- 
tomia. 
CYSTINURIA, Urine, cystinic. 
CYSTIN'X, Vesicula. 
CYSTIPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
CYSTIRRHAG"IA, from icvaris, 'the bladder,' 
and priyvvci), ' I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the 
bladder, (F.) Hemorrhagie de la Vessie. By some 
used synonymously with cystirrhoea. 
CYSTIRRHEUMA, Cystorrheuma. 
CYSTIRRHCE'A, from kvvtis, 'the bladder,' 
and ptw, 'I flow.' Paru'ria Stillati"tia Muco'sa, 
Blennu'ria, Blennorrhea'a urina'lis, B. vesi'cae, 
Cysto-blennorrhoe' a, Cystorrhoe'a, Cystido-blennor- 
rhoe'a, Ischu'ria, Cysto-phlegmat'ica, Tenes'mus 
Vesi'cae Muco'sus, Uri'na muco'sa, Cystocatar'- 
rhus, Cystido-catar'rhus, Cystidorrhoe'a, Urocysto- 
catar'rhus, Dysu'ria Muco'sa, Pyu'ria Mucosa, 
P. vis'cida, P. sero'sa, Morbus cyttophlegmat'icus, 
Catar'rhus vesi'cce, (F.) Cystite muqueuse, Flux 
muqueux de la vessie, Catarrhe vesical. A copious 
discharge of mucus from the bladder, passing out 
with the urine, and generally attended with dysu- 
ria. It is commonly dependent upon an inflam- 
matory or subinflammatory condition of the lining 
membrane. The treatment must be regulated by 
the cause. If it be not produced by an extrane- 
ous body : the antiplogistic plan,-the exhibition 
of warm diluents, and keeping the surface in a 
perspirable state, by wearing flannel, are indi- 
cated. Some of the turpentines may, at times, 
be given with advantage; and astringent or other 
appropriate injections be thrown into the bladder. 
CYSTIS, Follicle, Urinary bladder-c. Cho- 
ledochus, Gall-bladder-c. Fellea, Gall-bladder 
o. Serosa, Hygroma. 
CYSTITE, Cystitis-c. Muqueuse, Cystitis. 
CYSTI'TIS, from Kvaris, 'the bladder.' In- 
flamma'tio Vesi'ca, Empres' ma Cysti'tis, Cysti'tis 
u'rica, Uro-cysti'tis, Cystiphlo'gia, Cystophlo'gia, 
Inflammmation of the bladder, (F.) Cystite, In- 
flammation de la vessie; characterized by pain 
and swelling in the hypogastric region; discharge 
of urine painful or obstructed, and tenesmus. It 
may affect one or all of the membranes; but com- 
monly it is confined to the mucous coat. In the 
chronic condition, it appears in the form of cys- 
tirrhoea. It must be treated upon the same en- 
ergetic principles as are required in other cases 
of internal inflammation. Venesection, general 
and local, the warm bath, warm fomentations, 
warm, soothing enemata, diluents, <tc. Cantha- 
rides must be avoided, even in the way of blis- 
ters, unless with precautions, as the disease is 
often occasioned by them. 
Cystitis Fellea, Cholecystitis-c. Urica, Cys- 
titis. 
CYSTITOME, Cystit'omus, Kibis'titome, from 
icvjns, 'the bladder,' and reyvuv, 'to cut.' An 
instrument, invented by Lafaye, for dividing the 
anterior part of the capsule of the crystalline in 
the operation for extracting cataract. It was 
formed like the Pharyngotome. 
CYSTOBLAST, Cytoblast. 
CYSTO-BLENNORRHCEA, Cystirrhoea. 
CYSTO-BUBONOCE'LE, from xvarts, 'the 
bladder,' /3ov/3ov, 'the groin,' and Kt)\ri, 'a tu- 
mour.' Hernia of the bladder through the abdo- 
minal ring. 
CYSTO-CATARRHUS, Cystirrhoea. 
OYSTOCE'LE, Cystoce'lia, Cistoce'le, Cystido- 
266 
CYSTOSARCOMA 
ce'le, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' and 'a tu- 
mour,' Her'nia vesi'ca urina'ria, Hernia of the 
bladder, (F.) Hernie de la Vessie. It is not com- 
mon. It occurs, most frequently, at the abdomi- 
nal ring; less so at the crural arch, perinaeum, 
vagina, and foramen thyroideum. It may exist 
alone, or be accompanied by a sac, containing 
some abdominal viscus. The tumour is soft and 
fluctuating; disappears on pressure, and increases 
in size, when the urine is retained. It must be 
reduced and kept in position by a truss. Vagi- 
nal cystocele is kept in place by a pessary. 
Cystocele Biliosa, Turgescentia vesicula) 
fellcss. 
CYSTODYN'IA, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' 
and ohwri, 'pain.' Pain of the bladder; particu- 
larly rheumatic pain. 
CYSTOID, Cystdi'deus, Cyst-like, from Kvans. 
'a bladder or cyst,' and eiios, 'resemblance. 
That which resembles a cyst, as ' cystoid tumour. 
CYSTO-LITHIASIS, see Calculi, vesical. 
CYSTO-LITH'IC, Cystolith'icus, from kvotis, 
' the bladder,' and XiS-oj, ' a stone.' Relating to 
stone in the bladder. 
CYSTOMA, see KysL 
CYSTO-MEROCE'LE, from kvotis, 'the blad- 
der,' pepos, 'the thigh,' and Ki)\n, 'hernia.' Fe- 
moral hernia, formed by the bladder protruding 
beneath the crural arch. 
CYSTON'CUS, from Kvans, 'the bladder,' and 
oyKos, ' tumour.' Swelling of the bladder. 
CYSTOPARAL'YSIS, Cystidoparal'ysis, Cys- 
tidople' gia, Cystople'gia, Cystoplex'ia, from Kva- 
ns, 'bladder,' and rapuXvatj, 'palsy.' Paralysis 
of the urinary bladder. See Enuresis. 
CYSTO-PHLEGMAT'IC, Cystophlegmat'icus, 
from kvotis, ' the bladder,' and <pXcypa, ' mucus, 
phlegm.' Belonging to the vesical mucus. Mor- 
bus cystophlegmat' icus. Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTOPHLOGIA, Cystitis. 
CYSTOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis vesica'lis, from 
Kvans, 'the bladder,' and <p6iu>, 'I consume.' 
Consumption from ulceration of the bladder,- 
Ul'cera seu Helco'sis vesi'cce. 
CYSTOPLAS'TIC, Cystoplas'ticus: from kvotis, 
' the bladder,' and ohaaao), ' I form.' An epithet 
for operations for the cure of fistulous openings 
into the bladder; sometimes restricted to the cure 
by translation of skin from a neighbouring part. 
CYSTOPLEGIA, Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTOPLEG"IC, Cystopleg"icus. Belonging 
to paralysis of the bladder; from Kvans, ' the 
bladder,' and 'I strike.' 
CYSTOPLEX'IA, Cystoparalysis. 
CYSTOPTO'SIS, from mans, 'the bladder,' 
and mirniv, ' to fall.' Relaxation of the inner 
membrane of the bladder, which projects into the 
canal of the urethra. 
CYSTOPY'IC, Cystopy'icus, from mans, 'the 
bladder,' and irvov, ' pus.' Relating to suppura- 
tion of the bladder. 
CY8T0RRIIAG"IA, Hoematu'ria cyst'ica, H<r- 
morrhag"ia vesi'coe, Strangu'ria cruen'ta, San'- 
guinis fluor vesi'coe, from mans, 'the bladder,' 
and payrj, 'rupture.' A discharge of blood from 
the vessels of the urinary bladder. 
CYSTORRHEU'MA, Cystirrheu'ma, Pheuma- 
tis'mus vesi'coe urina'ritB; from kvotis, 'the blad- 
der,' and pevpa, 'defluxion,' rheumatism.' Rheu- 
matism of the bladder. 
CYSTORRIIEX'IS, Cystidorrhex'is; from Kva- 
ns, 'bladder,' and 'pyfa, 'rupture.' Rupture of 
the urinary bladder. 
CYSTORRHCEA, Cystirrhcea. 
CYSTOSARCO'MA, from mans, 'a bladder or 
cyst,' and sarcoma. A tumour consisting of a 
combination of cysts and cystoids, so called by 
J. Muller. CYSTOSOMATOMIA 
CYSTOSOMATOM'IA, Cystosomatotom'ia, Cys- 
tidosomatotom'ia, from kvotis, 'the bladder,' awpa, 
'body,' and ropr/, 'incision.' An incision into 
the body of the bladder. 
CYSTOSPASMUS, see Cystospastic. 
CYSTOSPAS'TIC, Cystospas'ticus, from kvcttis, 
' the bladder,' and amua, ' 1 contract.' Relating 
to spasm of the bladder, and particularly of its 
sphincter; - Cystidospas'mus, Spasmus Vesi'ca, 
Ischu'ria spasmod'iea, (F.) Spasme de la Vessie. 
CYSTOSTENOCHO'RIA, Cystidostenocho'ria, 
Strictu'ra vesi'coe, Vesi'ca sacca'ta. A stricture, 
narrowness, inequality or saccated condition of 
the urinary bladder. 
CYSTOTHROM'BOID, Cystothrombo'i' des,from 
Kvans, 'the bladder,' and 'a clot.' Relat- 
ing to the presence of clots in the bladder. 
CYSTOTOME, Cystot'omus, from kvotis, 'the 
Madder,' and rtpvuv, 'to cut.' An instrument 
intended for cutting the bladder. Instruments 
of this kind have been more frequently, although 
very improperly, called Lithotomes. 
CYSTOTOM'IA, Cystidotom'ia, same etymon. 
Incision of the bladder. Sectio vesica'lis. Cys- 
totomia means cutting into the bladder for any 
purpose; (F.) Incision de la vessie. Commonly, 
it is applied to the puncturing of the bladder for 
the purpose of removing the urine; whilst Litho- 
tomy has been employed for the incisions made 
with the view of extracting calculi from the 
bladder. See Lithotomy. 
CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIA, Cystauchenoto- 
mia. See Lithotomy. 
CYT'INUS, Cytinus Hypocist'is, Hypocist'is, 
As'arum Hypocist'is. A small parasitical plant, 
which grows in the south of France and in Greece, 
on the roots of the woody cistus. The juice of its 
fruit is acid, and very astringent. It is extracted 
by expression, and con verted into an extract, which 
was called Suecus Hypocis'tidis, and was formerly 
much used in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, <tc. 
267 
DACRYOPCEUS 
CYTISI'NA, Cytisine. An immediate vege- 
table principle, discovered by Chevalier and 
Lassaigne, in the seeds of Cyatiaus Labur'num or 
Bean-Trefoil tree. Family, Leguminosae. Sex. 
Syat. Diadelphia Decandria. Cytisine has ana- 
logous properties to emetine. In the dose of one 
or two grains, it produces vomiting and purging; 
and, in a stronger dose, acts as an acrid poison. 
The seeds of the Cytisua Laburnum, (F.) Auboura, 
have been long known to produce vomiting and 
purging. 
CYTISMA ECZEMA, Eczema-c. Herpes, 
Herpes. 
CYTISO-GENISTA, Spartium scoparium. 
CYTISUS LABURNUM, see Cytisina -c. 
Scoparius, Spartium scoparium. 
CYTI'TIS, Scyti'tis, Dermati'tia, Dermi'tia, 
Cuti'tia, Corii'tia, from kvtis, ' the skin,' and 
itia, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
the skin. 
CY'TOBLAST, Cystoblaat, from rvrof, 'cell,' 
and 0\a<rTo$, 'germ.' Cell-germ, Nu'cleua, (F.) 
Noyau. A primary granule, from which all ani- 
mal and vegetable bodies are presumed to be 
formed. When the nucleus or cytoblast forms a 
cell, and is attached to its walls, the germinal 
cell, thus formed, is called a nucleated cell. 
When the nucleus contains a simple granule, the 
latter is termed a nucleolus, (F.) Nucliole, Nu- 
cleolule. 
CYTOBLASTE'MA ; same etymon. InterceV- 
lular substance, Hy'aline substance, Substan'tia 
vit'rea seu byal'ina, Matrix. The gum or mucus 
in the vegetable, and probably the liquor san- 
guinis after transudation from the vessels in the 
animal, in a state fully prepared for the formation 
of the tissues. - Schwann and Schleiden. By 
many, Blastema is preferred, inasmuch as it does 
not convey the idea of cellular development. 
CYTTAROS, Glans. 
D. 
The figure of the Greek A, according to Galen, 
was the sign for quartan fever. 
DABACH, Viscuin album. 
DACNE'RON, SaKvr/pov, from iaKv»v, 'to bite.' 
An ancient name for a collyrium, composed of 
oxide of copper, pepper, cadmia, myrrh, saffron, 
gum Arabic, and opium. 
DACRY, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, iaxpv, iarpvpa, 
iaxpvov, 'a tear:' Hence: 
D AC RY ADEN AL 'GIA, Dacryoadenal' gia, 
from 6aKpv<i>, ' I weep,' aS>iv, ' a gland,' and aXyoj, 
' pain.' Disease or pain in the lachrymal gland. 
DACRYTADENI'TIS, Dacryoddeni'tig : from 
Aaicpvw, ' I weep,' aSrjv, ' a gland,' and iti». In- 
flammation of the lachrymal gland. 
DACRY ALLCEO'SIS, from Saxpv, 'atear,'and 
aAXoioo-tf, 'change.* A morbid condition of the 
tears. 
DACRYDION, Convolvulus scammonia. 
DACRYGELO'SIS, from iaicpuw, 'I weep,'and 
ytXaai, ' I laugh.* A kind of insanity, in which 
the patient weeps and laughs at the same time. 
DACRYHASMOR'RHYSIS: from laKpv, 'a 
tear,' and 'atpoppvais, 'hemorrhage.' A flow of 
bloody tears. 
DACRYNOMA, Epiphora. 
DACRYO ADENALGIA, Dacryadenalgia. 
DACRYOADENITIS, Dacryadenitis. 
DACRYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from <5a<puw, 'I 
weep,' /iXcvva, 'mucus,' and pcu, 'I flow.' Dis- 
charge of tears mixed with mucus. 
DACRYOCYSTAL'GLA, from Saxpvw, 'I weep,' 
Kvans, 'a sac,' and aXyo$, 'pain.' Disease or pain 
in the lachrymal sac. 
DACRYOCYSTIS, Lachrymal sac. 
DACRYOCYSTI'TIS, from iaxpvov, 'a tear,' 
and Kvam, ' bladder.' Inflammation of the lach- 
rymal sac. 
DACRYOCYSTOSYRINGOKATAKLEI'SIS; 
from dacryocystis, the 'lachrymal sac,' avpiyf, 'a 
pipe, a fistula,' and 'a locking up.' 
A term, proposed by Dieffenbach for the healino- 
of lachrymal fistulas by transplantation. The 
operation consists in paring the edges of the fis- 
tula, loosening the borders, and assisting the re- 
quisite tegumental displacement by lateral inci- 
sions. 
DACRYO'DES, Lachrymo'sus, from <5a*pvw, 'I 
weep.' Resembling tears :-hence, Ulcus dacry- 
o'des. A sanious ulcer, a weeping sore. 
DAC'RYOLITE, Dacryol'ithus, from Jaxpuw, 
'I weep,' and Xifloj, 'a stone.' A concretion 
found in the lachrymal passages. 
DACRYOLITHI'ASIS; same etymon as the 
last. The formation of concretions in the tears. 
DACRYO'MA. Same etymon. The effusion 
of tears, occasioned by an occlusion of the puncta 
lachrymalia.-V ogel. 
DACRYON, Tear. 
DACRYOPCE'US, from 'I weep,' and 
Trouw, ' I make.' A substance which excites the DACRYOPS 
secretion of tears, - as the onion, horse-radish, 
garlic, Ac. 
DAC'RYOPS, from laKpvu, 'I weep,' and orty, 
'the eye.' A weeping eye. A tumefaction of 
the lachrymal passages. 
DACRYOPYORRHtE'A, Pyorrhoe'a via'rum 
lachryma'lium, from iasfv, 'a tear,' irvov, 'pus,' 
and ptw, ' to flow.' A discharge of tears mixed 
with purulent matter. 
DACRYORRHCE'A, Dacryrrhoe'a, Dacryor'- 
rhysis, Dacryr' rhysis, from 5a«pv, ' a tear,' and 
ptw, ' to flow.' A morbid flux of tears. 
DACRYORRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. 
DACRYOSOLENI'TIS, from iaspv, 'a tear,' 
awXrjv, ' a canal,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the lachrymal ducts. 
DACRYOSYRINX, Fistula lachrymalis. 
DACRYRRHCEA, Dacryorrhoea. 
DACRYRRHYSIS, Dacryorrhoea. 
DACTYLE'TIIRA, Dactyli'thra, from SaKrvXos, 
' a finger.' A name given by the ancients to dif- 
ferent topical applications, having the form of a 
finger, and proper for being introduced into the 
throat to excite vomiting. 
DACTYLETUS, Hermodactyjus. 
DACTYL'ION, Dactyl'ium, from <5aicriiXof, 'a 
finger.' The union of the fingers with each other. 
This affection is generally congenital; but it may 
be owing to burns, ulcerations, inflammation of 
the fingers, &c. 
DACTYL'IOS, from ianrcXos, 'a finger.' A 
troch or lozenge, when shaped like a finger. The 
anus. 
DACTYLITIS, Paronychia. 
DACTYLIUS, from laKrvXto;, annulus, 'a ring.' 
Dactyl'ius Agulea'tus. A worm of a light 
colour, annulated, cylindrical, but tapering slightly 
towards both extremities, from two-fifths to four- 
fifths of an inch long, which has been found in 
the urine. 
DACTYLODOCHME, Dochme. 
DACTYLOSYM'PHYSIS, from SaxrvXos, 'a 
finger,' and <rvy<pv<ris, 'union.' Adhesion of the 
fingers to each other. 
DACTYLOTHE'KE, from haKrvXos, 'a finger,' 
and Ontri, 'a case or sheath.' An instrument for 
keeping the fingers extended when wounded.- 
ADhAC®TYLUS, Dig"itus, 'a finger.' The 
smallest measure of the Greeks, the sixth part 
of a foot. Also, the Date. 
DJEDA'LEA SUAVEOLENS, Bole'tus seu 
Pung us Sal'ids, Boletus disco'ideus seu suaveolens, 
Fungus albus sali'geus, (F.) Agaric odorant, Bolet 
odorant. A champignon, which grows on the 
trunks of old willows. It has a smell of anise, 
which is penetrating and agreeable; and has 
been recommended in phthisis pulmonalis in the 
dose of a scruple four times a day. 
DAEDALUS, Hydrargyrum. 
DA5DI0N, Bougie. 
DA3M0N0MANIA, Demonomania. 
DAES, Tasdse. 
DAFFODIL, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. 
DAFFY'S ELIXIR, Tinctura sennae compo- 
sita. 
DAISY, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Eri- 
geron Philadelphicum - d. Common, Bellis-d. 
Ox-eye, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
DALBY'S CARMIN'ATIVE. A celebrated 
etnpirical remedy, much used as a carminative 
for children. The following is a form for its pre- 
paration : (Magnesite alb. ol. menthol piper. 
gtt. j; ol. nuc. moschat, gtt. iij; ol. anisi, gtt. iij ; 
tinct. castor, gtt xxx ; tinct. asafoetid. gtt. xv; 
tinct. opii, gtt. v; sp. pulegii, gtt. xv; b'nct. car- 
dam. c. gtt. xxx; aqua menthte pip. M.) 
268 
DAPHNE 
A Committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy recommend the following form: - 
(Aquce, Ox; Sacchar. alb. ; Carbon. Po- 
tass. Carb. Mag. xij; Tinct. Opii. 
01. menth. pip., 01. Anethi Foenicul. aa 19 ij. M.) 
DALTO'NIAN. An absurd name given to 
one who cannot distinguish colours; because the 
celebrated chemist Dalton had the defect. See 
Achromatopsia. 
DALTONISM, Achromatopsia. 
DAMSON, Prunum Damascenum - d. Moun- 
tain, Quassia simarouba - d. Tree, Prunus do- 
mes tica. 
DANCE, see Mania, dancing. 
DANCING, Salta'tio, (F.) Danse. A kind of 
exercise and amusement, composed of a succes- 
sion of motions, gestures, and attitudes, executed 
by measured steps to the sound of the voice or 
musical instrument. It is a healthy exercise. 
Dancing Mania, see Mania, dancing - d. 
Plague, see Mania, dancing. 
DANDELION, Leontodon taraxacum. 
DANDRIFF, Pityriasis. 
DANDRUFF, Pityriasis. 
DANDY, Dengue. 
DANEVERT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
spring, a league and a half from Upsal, in Swe- 
den. The waters contain carbonic acid, holding 
in solution carbonate of iron, sulphate of iron, 
sulphates of soda and lime, chloride of sodium, 
and silica. It is frequently employed in medicine. 
DANEWORT, Sambucus ebulus. 
DANICH; an Arabic word, signifying the 
weight of 8 grains. 
DANSE, Dancing-d. de St. Guy, Chorea-d. 
de St. Witt, Chorea. 
DAPHNE, Laurus. 
Daphne Alpi'na, Chamoele'a, Chamcela'a, 
Widow wail. Family, Thymelaase. Sex. Syst. 
Octandria Monogynia. A sort of dwarf-olive. 
An acrid, volatile, alkaline principle has been 
separated from the bark of this plant by M. 
Vauquelin, to which he has given the name 
Daphnine. The plants of the genus owe their 
vesicating property to this principle. 
DAPHNE BOISGENTIL, Daphne mezereum 
- d. Flax-leaved, Daphne gnidium - d. Garou, 
Daphne gnidium. 
Daphne Gnid'ihm, D. panicula'ta, Thy melee'a, 
Th. Monspeliaca, Thymele'a, Cneo'ron, Spurge 
Flax, Flax-leaved Daphne. The plant which 
furnishes the Garou Bark, (F.) Daphni Garou, 
Sain-bois. It is chiefly used, when used at all, 
for exciting irritation of the skin. The Grana 
Gnid'ia, (see Cnid'ia grana,) are acrid poisons, 
like all the plants of this genus, when taken in 
quantity. According to others, the garou bark 
and grana gnidia are obtained from the daphne 
laureola. 
Daphne Laureola, D. major, Thymeice'a lau- 
re'ola. The systematic name of the Spurge Laurel, 
Laureola. The bark of this plant has similar 
properties to the last. 
Daphne Liottardi, D. laureola-d. Major, D. 
laureola. 
Daphne Meze'rehm, D. Liottar'di, Thymeice'a 
meze'reum. The systematic name of the Meze'- 
reon, Mezereum, Spurge olive, (F.) Daphne. Bois- 
gentil. The bark of the mezereon, Mezereum, 
(Ph. U. S.) possesses analogous properties to the 
other varieties of Daphne. It is considered sti- 
mulant and diaphoretic; and, in large doses, is 
emetic. It has been employed in syphilitic cases, 
but its efficacy is doubtful. Soaked in vinegar,- 
like the other varieties of daphne, it has been 
employed to irritate the skin, especially to keep 
issues open. 
Daphne Paniculata, D. Gnidium. DAPHNELAJON 
DAPIINELjE'ON, O'leum Lauri'num, from 
iad>v>i, 'the laurel or bay tree,' and eXaiov, 'oil.' 
Oil of Bay. 
DAPHNINE, see Daphne Alpina. 
DARNEL, Lolium temulentum. 
DARSENI, Laurus cinnainomum. 
DARSINI, Laurus cinnaraomum. 
DARSIS, from <5tpw, 'I excoriate,' 'I skin.' 
The Greek physicians seemed to have used this 
word to designate the anatomical preparation, 
which consists in removing the skin for exposing 
the organs covered by it. 
DART A, Impetigo - d. Excoriativa, Herpes 
exedens-d. Maligna, Herpes exedens. 
DARTOS. Same derivation; Membra'na car- 
no'sa, Tu'niea muscula'ris, T. rvbicun'da scroti, 
Marsu'pium musculo'sum.; from <5aprot, 'skinned.' 
A name, given to the second covering of the tes- 
ticle, which the ancient anatomists conceived to 
be muscular, but which is merely areolar. Its 
external surface is towards the scrotum ; the in- 
ternal towards the tunica vaginalis. Frederick 
Lobstein and Breschet consider, that it proceeds 
from an expansion of the fibrous cord, known by 
the name Gubernaculum Testis. 
DARTRE, Herpes, Impetigo, Pityriasis - d. 
Crustacee, Ecthyma impetigo - d. Crustac&e fla- 
vescente, Porrigo lupinosa-d. OroAteuse, Impetigo 
-d. Ecailleuse, Psoriasis-d. Fongueuse, Ecthy- 
ma-d. Furfuracle arrondie, Lepra, Lepra vul- 
garis-d. Furfuracbe volante, Lichen, Pityriasis 
- d. Phlycteno'ide, Herpes phlyctaenoides - d. 
Pustuleuse couperose, Gutta rosea-d. Pustuleuse 
dissbminee, Acne-d. Pustuleuse mentagra, Syco- 
sis - d. Rongeante, Herpes exedens ; see Esthio- 
menus - d. Squammeuse humide, Eczema - d. 
Squammeuse lichbno'ide, Psoriasis - d. Vive, Ec- 
zema. 
DARTREUK (F.), Herpetic. Participating 
in the characters of Dartre or Herpes. Also, one 
affected with dartre. Dartre has been used, at 
one time or other, for almost every disease of the 
skin. See Herpes. 
DAS'YMA, from baav;, 'rough,' 'hairy.' A 
disease of the eye - the same as trachoma, but 
less in degree.-Aetius, Gorraaus. 
DAS'YTES. Same etymon. Roughness, par- 
ticularly of the tongue and voice. Hairiness, 
Hirsu'ties. 
DATE, Pal'mula, Dac'tylus, Bal'anos, Phoe'ni- 
cos, the fruit of the Phoenix dactylif'era seu ex- 
cel'sa, Palma dactylif'era, (F.) Datte. The un- 
ripe date is astringent. When ripe, it resembles 
the fig. The juice of the tree is refrigerant. 
DATE PLUM, INDIAN, Diospyrus lotus. 
DATTE, Date. 
DATURA, D. Stramonium. 
Datu'raSanguin'ea, Thorn Apple; called 
by the Indians of Peru Huacacachv, Yerba de 
Huaca (huaca, a grave) or Grave-plant, and Bo- 
vachevo. A plant from which the Peruvian In- 
dians prepare a narcotic drink called Tonga. 
Datu'ra Stramo'nium, Ntraum'ninm, Stramo'- 
nta, Barycoc'calon, Sola'num foe'tidum, Stramo'- 
nium magus album, seuspino'sum seu vulga'tum seu 
foe'tidum, Pomum seu Malum spino'sum, Nux me- 
thel, Datu'ra, Dutro'a, Daty'ra, Thorn Apple, 
Jamestown Weed, Jimston Weed, Stinkweed, (F.) 
Stramoine, Pomme (pineuse. The herbaceous part 
of the plant and the seeds are the parts used in 
medicine. They are narcotic and poisonous ; - 
are given internally as narcotics and antispasmo- 
dics, and applied externally as sedatives, in the 
form of fomentation. The seeds are smoked like 
tobacco, in asthma. The dose of the powder is, 
gr. j to gr. viii. 
DA'TURINE, Daturi'na, Datu'ria, Datu'rium. 
The active principle of the Datura Stramonium, 
269 
DEAMBULATIO 
separated by Brandes, a German chemist. It has 
not been rendered available in medicine. 
DATURIUM, Daturine. 
DATYRA, Datura stramonium. 
DAUCI'TES VINUM. Wine, of which the 
Baucus or Wild Carrot was an ingredient. The 
seeds were steeped in must. It was formerly used 
in coughs, convulsions, hypochondriasis, diseases 
of the uterus, Ac. 
DAUCUS CANDIANUS, Athamantacretensis. 
Daucus Caro'ta. The systematic name of 
the Carrot Plant; Baucus, Baucus sylves' tris seu 
vulga'ris seu sati'vus, Cauca'lis caro'ta, Pastina'ca 
sylvestris tenuifo'lia officina'rum, Ado'rion. Or- 
der, Umbellifera). (F.) Carotte. The root, and 
seed, Carota- (Ph. U. S.) - have been used in 
medicine. The root is sweet and mucilaginous; 
and the seeds have an aromatic odour, and mode- 
rately warm, pungent taste. The root has been 
used as an emollient, to fetid and ill-conditioned 
sores. The seeds have been regarded as sto- 
machic, carminative and diuretic ; but they have 
little efficacy. The seeds of the wild plant are, 
by some, preferred to those of the garden. 
Daucus Creticus, Athamanta cretensis - d. 
Cyanopus, Pimpinella magna - d. Sativus, D. 
carota - d. Seprinius, Scandix cerefolium - d. 
Sylvestris, D. carota-d. Vulgaris, D. carota. 
BA UPHINELLE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
DAVIDSON'S REMEDY FOR CANCER, see 
Conium maculatum. 
BA VIEll, Dentagra. 
DAV LISH, CLIMATE OF. A town in De- 
vonshire, frequented by phthisical invalids during 
the winter. It is well protected from northerly 
winds, and also from the violence of the south- 
westerly gales. It offers, however, but a con- 
fined space. 
DAX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dax is a 
city two leagues from Bordeaux, where there are 
four springs, that are almost purely thermal; 
containing only a very small quantity of chloride 
of magnesium, and sulphate of soda and lime. 
Temperature 76° to 133° Fahrenheit. 
DAYMARE, Incubus vigilantium. 
D AY-SIGHT, Hemeralopia-d. Vision, Heme- 
ralopia. 
DAZZLING, Cahga'tio, (F.) Eldouissement. 
A momentary disturbance of sight, occasioned 
either by the sudden impression of too powerful 
a light, or by some internal cause; as plethora. 
DE VENTRE INSPICIENDO, 'of inspect- 
ing the belly.' Where there is reason to suppose, 
that a woman feigns herself pregnant, a writ de 
ventre inspiciendo may be issued to determine 
whether she be so or not. Until recently, in 
England, the decision was left to twelve matrons 
and twelve respectable men, according to the 
strict terms of the ancient writ. 
DEAF-DUMBNESS, Mutitas surdorum. 
DEAFNESS, from Anglo-Saxon heap. Sur'- 
ditas, Copho sis, Bysecoi'a, Bysecce'a organ'ica, 
Baryecoi'a, Hardness of hearing, Hypocopho'sis, 
Subsur'ditas, Bradycoi'a, Bradyecoi'a, (F.) Sur- 
dite, Burete de I ouie. Considerable diminution 
or total loss of hearing. It may be the effect of 
acute or chronic inflammation of the internal ear, 
paralysis of the auditory nerve or its pulpy extre- 
mity, or of some mechanical obstruction to the 
sonorous rays. In most cases, however, the cause 
of the deafness is not appreciable, and the treat- 
ment has to be purely empirical. Syringing the 
ears, dropping in slightly stimulating oils, fumi- 
gations, Ac., are the most Likely means to afford 
relief. 
Deafness, Taylor's Remedy for, see Allium. 
DEALBATIO, Paleness. 
DEAMBULATIO, Walking. DEARTICULATIO 
DEARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
DEASCIATIO, Aposceparnismus. 
DEATH, (Sax. heab,) Apobio'sis, Abio'sis, Ex- 
tinc'tio, Ob'itus, Psychorag" ia, Psychorrhag"ia, 
Le'thum,Letum, Mors, Inter'itus, Than'atos, Death, 
(F.) Mort. Definitive cessation of all the func- 
tions, the aggregate of which constitute life. Real 
Death, Apothana'sia, is distinguished from as- 
phyxia or apparent death: - the latter being 
merely a suspension of those same functions. 
But it is often difficult to judge of such suspen- 
sion, and the only certain sign of real death is 
the commencement of putrefaction. At times, 
therefore, great caution is requisite to avoid mis- 
takes. Death is commonly preceded by some 
distressing symptoms, which depend on lesion of 
respiration, circulation, or of the cerebral func- 
tion, and which constitute the agony. That which 
occurs suddenly, and without any, or with few, 
precursory signs, is called sudden death. It is 
ordinarily caused by disease of the heart; apo- 
plexy; the rupture of an aneurism, or by some 
other organic affection. Death is natural, when 
it occurs as the result of disease: violent, when 
produced by some forcible agency. It may like- 
wise affect the whole body, or a part only; hence 
the difference between somatic and molecular 
death. 
The chief varieties of the modes of death may 
be thus given :- 
270 
DECIDUA 
The removal of filaments, &c., in a wound or 
abscess, which prevent the discharge of pus. In 
a more general acceptation, it means the cutting 
of a soft, membranous or aponeurotic part, which 
interferes with the exercise of any organ what- 
ever : thus, in paraphimosis, debridement of the 
prepuce is practised to put an end to the inflam- 
mation of the glans : in strangulated hernia, de- 
bridement of the abdominal ring is had recourse 
to, to remove the stricture of the intestine, Ac. 
DEC'AGRAMME, from iuta, 'ten,' and yoappa, 
'a gramme.' The weight of ten grammes, 154.34 
grains Troy. 
DECAM'YRON, from iexa, 'ten,' and pvpov, 
'ointment.' An ancient cataplasm, composed of 
malabathrum, mastich, euphorbium, spikenard, 
styrax calamita, carbonate of lime, common pep- 
per, unguentum nardi, opobalsamum, and max. 
DECANTA'TION, Decanta'tio, Defu'sio, Me- 
tangism'os, Catach'ysis. A pharmaceutical ope- 
ration, which consists in pouring off, gently, by 
inclining the vessel, any fluid which has left a 
deposit. 
DECAPITATIO ARTICULORUM, see Re- 
section. 
DECARBONIZATION, Haematosis. 
DEjCESSIO, Ecpiesma. 
DECHARNE, Demusculatus. 
DECHAUSSEMENT (F.) (de and chausser.) 
The state, in which the gums have fallen away 
from the teeth, as in those affected by mercury, 
in old persons, Ac. Also, the operation of lanc- 
ing the gums. See Gum lancet. 
DECHAUSSOIR, Gum lancet. 
DECHIREMENT, Laceration. 
DECH1RURE, Wound, lacerated. 
DECIDENTIA, Cataptosis, Epilepsy. 
DECIDUA, Decidua membrana. 
Decid'ua Membra'na, .Decid'im, Decid'uous 
Membrane, from decidere, 'to fall off,' (de, and 
cadere.) So called on account of its being consi- 
dered to be discharged from the uterus at partu- 
rition. A membrane, formerly defined to be the 
outermost membrane of the foetus in utero; and 
still so defined by some-as by Dr. Lee. Chaus- 
sier calls it Epicho'rion: by others, it has been 
called Membra'na cadu'ca Hunteri, M. ftocculen'- 
ta, M. cellulo'sa, M. sinuo'sa, M. commu'nis, M. 
praexis'tenB, Decidua externa, Tu'nica exterior 
ovi, T. cadu'ca, T. crassa, Membra'na cribro'sa, 
Membra'na ovi mater'na, M. muco'sa, Decidua 
spongin'sa, Epio'ne, Placen'ta uteri succenturia'- 
tus, Subplacen'ta, Membra'na u'teri inter'na evo- 
lu'ta, Nidamen'tum, Anhis'tous membrane, (F.) 
Caduque, 0. vraie, Membrane caduque, Epione, 
Ptrione. Prior to the time of the Hunters, called 
Cho'rion spongio'sum, C. tomento' sum, fungo' sum, 
reticula'tum, Ac., Tu'nica flamento'sa, Shaggy 
Chorion, Spongy Chorion, Ac. Great diversity 
has prevailed, regarding this membrane and its 
reflected portion. It exists before the germ ar- 
rives in the uterus,-as it has been met with in 
tubal and ovarial pregnancies; and is occa- 
sioned by a new action, assumed by the uterine 
vessels at the moment of conception. Chaussier, 
Lobstein, Gardien, Velpeau and others consider 
it to be a sac, without apertures, completely li- 
ning the uterus, and that when the ovum descends 
through the tube, it pushes the decidua before it, 
and becomes enveloped in it, except at the part 
destined to form the placenta. That portion of 
the membrane, which covers the ovum, forms the 
Membra'na decid'ua reflex'a, (F.) Caduque refii- 
chie, Membrane caduque rejUchie, according to 
them;-the part lining the uterus being the De- 
cidua U'teri. Towards the end of the fourth 
month, the decidua reflexa disappears. The 
Death beginning at the heart, 
' Suddenly-Syn- 
cope: Gradual- 
_ Asthenia. 
" " in the lungs-Asphyxia, 
" " in the brain-Apoplexy. 
in the gray 
" " matter of the 
medulla, 
Paralysis of 
pneumogastrics, 
<fcc. 
Death, Apparent, Asphyxia. 
Death, Black. The plague of the 14th cen- 
tury was so called, which is supposed to have 
proved fatal in Europe to 25,000,000 of people.- 
Hecker. 
Death of Man, Cicuta maculata-d. Stiffen- 
ing, Rigor mortis. 
DEBILIS, Infirm. 
DEBIL'ITANTS, Debilitan'tia, Antidynam'- 
ica, Philadynam'ica, from debilitare, itself from 
debilie, quasi dehabilis, 'weak,' 'to weaken.' 
Remedies exhibited for the purpose of reducing 
excitement. Antiphlogistics are, hence, debili- 
tants. 
DEBILITAS, Debility-d. Erethisica, see Irri- 
table- d. Nervosa, Neurasthenia, see Irritable 
•- d. Visus, Asthenopia. 
DEBIL'ITY, Debil'itae, Aetheni'a, Blaci'a, 
Anenerge'eia, Anenergi'a, Weakness, (F.) Fai- 
blesee. A condition, which may be induced by 
a number of causes. It must not be confounded 
with fatigue, which is temporary, whilst debility 
is generally more permanent. 
Debility may be real, or it may be apparent; 
and, in the management of disease, it is important 
to attend to this. At the commencement of fever, 
for example, there is often a degree of apparent 
debility, which prevents the use of appropriate 
means, and is the cause of much evil. Excite- 
ment is more dangerous than debility. 
DEBOITEMENT, Luxation. 
DEBORDEMENT (F.), from diborder, (de 
and border) 'to overflow.' A popular term for 
one or more sudden and copious evacuations from 
the bowels. It is chiefly applied to bilious eva- 
cuations of this kind-Dlbordement de Bile. 
DEBRIDEMENT (F.), Frano' rum eolu'tio, 
from (F.) debrider, (de and brider,) ' to unbridle.' 
" " in the blood-necrsemia. DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE 
very existence of a Tunica decidua reflexa has, 
however, been denied. This last membrane has 
received various names. Dr. Granville, regard- 
ing it as the external membrane of the ovum, has 
termed it Cortex ovi. It has also been termed 
Involu'crum membrana'ceum, Membra'na reti- 
form'is cho'rii, Membra'na fllamento'sa, M. ad- 
ventit"ia and M. cragga, Ovuline and Decid'ua 
protru'ga. To the membrane which, according 
to Bojanus and others, is situate between the 
placenta and the uterus, and which he considers 
to be produced at a later period than the decidua 
vera, he gave the name membra'na decid'ua ge- 
ro'tina. 
Histological researches seem to show, that the 
decidua is an altered condition of the lining 
membrane of the uterus, with a whitish secretion 
filling the uterine tubular glands. The decidua 
reflexa is probably formed by the agency of nu- 
cleated cells from the plastic materials thrown out 
from the decidua uteri; in the same manner as 
the chorion is formed in the Fallopian Tube from 
plastic materials thrown out from its lining mem- 
brane. That the decidua reflexa is not a mere 
inverted portion of the decidua uteri is shown 
by the fact, that the texture of the two is by 
no means identical. 
Decidua Protrusa, Decidua reflexa. 
DECIDUOUS MEMBRANE, Decidua (mem- 
brana). 
DEC'IGRAMME, Decigram'ma, from decimug, 
'the tenth part,' and ypa/jfia, 'gramme.' The 
tenth part of the gramme in weight; equal to a 
little less than two grains. French; 1.543 Troy. 
DECIMA'NA FEBRIS, from decern, 'ten.' 
An intermittent, whose paroxysms return every 
10th day or every 9 days. It is supposititious. 
DECLAMA'TION, Declama'tio, from de, and 
clamare, ' to cry out.* The art of depicting the 
sentiments by inflections of the voice, accompa- 
nied with gestures, which render the meaning of 
the speaker more evident, and infuse into the 
minds of the auditors the emotions with which 
he is impressed. Declamation may become the 
cause of disease: the modification, produced in 
the pulmonary circulation,-accompanied by the 
great excitement, sometimes experienced,-is the 
cause of many morbid affections; particularly of 
pneumonia, haemoptysis, and apoplexy. In mo- 
deration, it gives a healthy excitement to the 
frame. 
DECLIN, Decline. 
DECLINATIO, Decline. 
DECLINE, Declina'tio, Inclina'tio, Decre- 
men'tum, Bemig'gio, Parac'me, Paracma'eig, (F.) 
Declin, from de, and clinare, 'to bend.' That 
period of a disorder or paroxysm, at whieh the 
symptoms begin to abate in violence. We speak, 
also, of the decline of life, or of the powers, (F.) 
Declin de I'age, L'age de dielin, when the phy- 
sical and moral faculties lose a little of their ac- 
energy. See Phthisis, and Tabes. 
DECLIVE, (F.) Decli'vie, from de, 'from,' 
and clivue, ' acclivity.' Inclining downwards. 
This epithet is applied to the most depending 
part of a tumour or abscess. 
DECOC'TION, Decoc'tio, from decoguere, 'to 
boil,' (de and coquere,) Epee'eie, Apoz'egis, Zeeig, 
Hepge'gig, Aphepeie, (F.) Dtcoetion. The opera- 
tion of boiling certain ingredients in a fluid, for 
the purpose of extracting the parts soluble at 
that temperature. Decoction, likewise, means 
the product of this operation, to which the terms 
Decoctum, Zema, Aphepee'ma, Ap'ozem, Apoz'ema 
Hepee'ma, Chylug and Epee'ma, have been ap- 
plied according to ancient custom, in order to 
avoid any confusion between, the operation and 
271 
DECOCTUM 
its product;-as praparatio is used for the act 
of preparing; praparatum, for the thing prepared. 
Decoction of Aloes, Compound, Decoctum 
aloes compositum - d. of Bark, Decoctum Cin- 
chonae- d. of Barley, Decoctum hordei - d. of 
Barley, compound, Decoctum hordei compositum 
- d. Bitter, Decoctum amarum - d. of Cabbage 
tree bark, Decoctum geoffraeae inermis - d. of 
Cassia, Decoctum cassiae-d. of Chamomile, De- 
coctum anthemidis nobilis - d. of Cinchona, De- 
coctum Cinchonas - d. of Cinchona, compound 
laxative, Decoctum kinae kinm compositum et 
laxans - d. of Colomba, compound, Decoctum 
Calumbae compositum - d. of Dandelion, Decoc- 
tum Taraxaci-d. of Dogwood, Decoctum Cornfis 
Floridae-d. of Elm bark, Decoctum ulmi-d. of 
Foxglove, Decoctum digitalis-d. de Gayac com- 
posfe, &c., Decoctum de Guyaco compositum - 
d. of Guaiacum, compound, Decoctum Guaiaci 
compositum - d. of Guaiacum, compound purga- 
tive, Decoctum de Guayaco compositum - d. of 
Hartshorn, burnt, Mistura cornu usti-d. of Hel- 
lebore, white, Decoctum veratri - d. of Iceland 
moss, Decoctum cetrariae - d. of Liverwort, De- 
coctum lichenis - d. of Logwood, Decoctum hae- 
matoxyli-d. of Marshmallows, Decoctum althaeas 
- d. de Mauve composts, Decoctum malvas com- 
positum- d. of Oak bark, Decoctum quercfis- 
d. d' Orge, Decoctum hordei-d. d'Orge composee, 
Decoctum hordei compositum-d. of Pipsissewa, 
Decoctum chimaphilas - d. of Poppy, Decoctum 
papaveris-d. of Quince seeds, Decoctum cydoniae 
- d. de Quinquina composee et laxative, Decoc- 
tum kinae kinae compositum et laxans - d. de 
Salsapareille composee, Decoctum sarsaparillae 
compositum - d. of Sarsaparilla, Decoctum sar- 
saparillae - d. of Sarsaparilla, compound, Decoc- 
tum sarsaparillae compositum-d. of Sarsaparilla, 
false, Decoctum araliae nudicaulis - d. of Squill, 
Decoctum scillae-d. of Uva ursi, Decoctum uvae 
ursi - d. of the Woods, Decoctum Guaiaci com- 
positum- d. of Woody nightshade, Decoctum 
dulcamaras-d. of Zittmann, Decoctum Zittmanni. 
DECOCTUM, Decoction - d. Album, Mistura 
cornu usti. 
Decoctum Al'oes Compos'itum, Balsam of 
Life, Compound Decoction of Aloes. (Ext. glyc. 
potass, subcarb.aloes spicat. ext.: myrrha 
contrit.: croci stigmat. aa (jj, aquae Oj. Boil to 
fgxij : strain, and add tinct. card. c. Pharm. 
L.) The gum and extractive are dissolved in 
this preparation. The alkali is added to take up 
a little of the resin. The tincture prevents it 
from spoiling. It is gently cathartic. Dose, 
fgss to gij. 
Decoctum D. althaa officina'lis: 
Decoction of Marsh-mallows, (F.) Decoction de 
Guimauve. (Bad. althaa sicc. uvar.passar. 
5ij, aqua, Ovij. Boil to Ov. Pour off the clear 
liquor. Pharm. E.) It is used as a demulcent. 
Decoctum Ama'rum; Bitter Decoction. (Rad. 
gent, aqua Oijss. Boil for a quarter of an 
hour; add species amara Infuse for two 
hours and filter, without expressing. Pharm. P.) 
It is tonic. Dose, to 
Decoctum Anthem'idts Nob'ilis, D. Chamae- 
me'li; Decoction of Cham'omile. (Flor, anthe- 
mid. nobil. sem. carui aqua Ov. Boil 
for fifteen minutes and strain. Pharm. E.) It 
contains bitter extractive and essential oil, dis- 
solved in water. It is used, occasionally, as a 
vehicle for tonic powders, pills, &e., and in fo- 
mentations and glysters; but for the last pur- 
pose, warm water is equally efficacious. The 
Dublin college has a compound decoction. 
Decoctum Ara'lia: Nudicau'lis; Decoction 
of False Sarsaparilla. (Aralia nudicaul. Svj, 
aqua Oviij. Digest for four hours, and then boil DECOCTUM 
to four pints : press out and strain the decoction. 
Former Ph. U. S.) It is used as a stomachic, 
but it is an unnecessary and laborious prepa- 
ration. 
Decoctum Cassia:; Decoction of Cassia. (Cas- 
sia pulp. aqua Oij. Boil for a few minutes, 
filter without expression, and add syrup, violar. 
§j, or manna pur. £ij. (Pharm. P.) It is lax- 
ative, in the dose of 3yj. 
Decoctum Cetra'rias, Decoction of Iceland 
Moss. (Cetrar. Jjss, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, 
and strain with compression. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
to Oss, and more. 
Decoctum Chamasmeli, Decoctum anthemidis 
nobilis. 
Decoctum Chimaph'ila:, Decoction ofPiipsis'- 
sewa. (Chimaph. contus. aqua Oiss. Boil to 
a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) Dose, 
Decoctum Cincho'n.e, Decoctum Cinchona, D. 
Oor'ticis Cinchona; Decoction of Cinchona, D. 
of Bark, Decoctum Kina Kina. (Cinchon. cort. 
contus. aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes, in a 
slightly covered vessel, and strain while hot. 
Pharm. U. S.) It contains quinia and resinous 
extractive, dissolved in water. Long coction ox- 
ygenates and precipitates the extractive. It can 
be given, where the powder does not sit easy, 
<fcc. Dose, to 
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a 
Decoctum Cinchona jlava, Decoction of yellow 
hark, and a Decoctum Cinchona rubra, Decoction 
of red bark, both of which are prepared as above. 
Decoctum Colom'ba: Compos'itum; Compound 
Decoction of Colomba. (Golomb, contus., quassia, 
aa Jij, cort. aurant. Zj, rhej pulv. J)j, potassa 
carbonat. aqua gxx. Boil to a pint, and 
add tinct. lavand. f'5ss. Former Ph. U. S.) Given 
as a tonic, but not worthy an officinal station, 
Decoctum Commune pro Clystere, D. malvae 
compositum-d.Cornu cervini, Mistura cornu usti. 
Decoctum CornCs Decoction of 
Dogwood. (Corntls Florid, cont. 5j, aqua Oj. 
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and 
strain while Pharm. U. S.) Dose, 
Decoctum Cydo'nl®, Mucila'go Sem'inis Cy- 
do'nii Mali, M. Sem'inum Cydonio'rum; Decoc- 
tion or Mu'cilage of Quince seeds. (Cydonia 
sem. aqua Oj. Boil for ten minutes over a 
gentle fire, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is merely 
a solution of mucilage in water, and is used as a 
demulcent. 
Decoctum Daphnes Meze'rei, Decoctum Me- 
zekrei, Decoction of Meze'reon. (Cort. rad. daphn. 
mezerei, rad. glycyrrh. cont. 3SS> nrlV(B Oiij. 
Boil over a gentle fire to Oij, and strain.) The 
acrimony of the mezereon and the saccharine 
mucilage of the liquorice root are imparted to the 
water. It is somewhat stimulant, and has been 
used in secondary syphilis; but is devoid of 
power. Dose to 
Decoctum Diaphoreticum, D. Guaiaci compo- 
situm-d. pro Enemate, D. malvae compositum. 
Decoctum Digita'lis, Decoction of Fox-glove. 
(Fol. digit, sicc. aqua q. s. ut colentur 
Let the liquor begin to boil over a slow fire, and 
then remove it. Digest for fifteen minutes, and 
strain. Pharm. D.) It possesses the properties 
of the plant. Dose, f£ij to Jiij. 
Decoctum Dulcama'r.e, Decoction of Woody 
Nightshade. (Dulcamara cont. ?j, aqua Oiss. 
Boil to Oj, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) This de- 
coction has been considered diuretic and diapho- 
retic, and has been administered extensively in 
skin diseases. It is probably devoid of efficacy. 
Decoctum pro Fomento, D. papaveris. 
Decoctum Geoffr.e'.e Inerm'is ; Decoction 
of Cabbage-Tree Bark. (Cort, geoffr. inermis in 
pulv. §j, Aqua Oij. Boil over a slow fire to a 
272 
DECOCTUM 
pint, and strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed 
of anthelmintic, purgative, and narcotic proper- 
ties, and has been chiefly used for the first of 
these purposes. Dose, to children, fgij - to 
adults, to 
Decoctum Guaiaci Compos'itum, D. Guaiaci 
officina'lis compos'itum, Decoctum Ligno'rum, D. 
de Guyaco compos'itum, D. sudorif'icum, D. din- 
phoret'icum ; Compound decoction of Guaiacum, 
Decoction of the Woods. (Lign. guaiac. rasur. 
3iij,/ruct. sice. vitis vinifer. 3>j, rad. lauri. sas- 
safr. concis., rad. glycyrrh. aa aqua Ox. 
Boil the Guaiacum and raisins over a slow fire to 
Ov: adding the roots towards the end, then 
strain. Pharm. E.) It is possessed of stimu- 
lant properties, and has been given in syphilitic, 
cutaneous, and rheumatic affections. The resin 
of the guaiacum is, however, insoluble in water, 
so that the guaiac wood in it cannot be supposed 
to possess much, if any, effect. The Parisian 
Codex has a 
Decoctum de Guyaco Compos'itum et Pur- 
GANS, (F.) Decoction de Gayac Composee et Pur- 
gative ; Compound purgative Decoction of Gua- 
iacum. (Lign. guaiac, rasp., rad. sarsap. aa 
potass, carbonat. gr. xxv. Macerate for twelve 
hours, agitating occasionally, in water Oiv, until 
there remain Oiij. Then infuse in it fol. senna 
r,lcJ 5b li9n- glycyrrh. rad. aa 
sem. coriand. Strain gently, suffer it to 
settle, and pour off the clear supernatant liquor. 
The title sufficiently indicates the properties of 
the composition. 
Decoctum Haimatox'yli, Decoction of Log- 
wood. (Hamatoxyl. rasur. 5j, aqua Oij. Boil 
to a pint, and strain. Pharm. U. S.) 
Decoctum Hellebori Albi, D. veratri - d. 
Kinae kinae, D. Cinchonas. 
Decoctum IIor'dei, Decoctum. Hordei Dis'- 
tichi, Ptis'ana Hippocrat'ica, Tipsa'ria, Tap- 
sa'ria, Aqua Hordea'ta, Hydrocri'the, Parley 
Water, Decoc'tion of Barley, (F.) Decoction 
d'Orge, Tisane Commune. (Hord, Aqua 
Oivss. Wash the barley well, boil for a few 
minutes in water Oss: strain this, and throw it 
away, and add the remainder, boiling. Boil to 
Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.) It is nutritive and 
demulcent, and is chiefly used as a common drink, 
and in glysters. 
Decoc'tum Hordei Compos'itum, Decoctum 
pectora'le, Ptisana commu'nis; Compound De- 
coction of Barley, (F.) Decoction d'Orge com- 
poses. (Decoct, hord. Oij, carica fruct. concis. 
3U, rad. concis. et contus. uvarum 
pass, demptis acinis. aqua Oj. Boil to Oij, 
and strain. Pharm. L.) It has similar proper- 
ties to the last. 
Decoctum Kinje Kin as Compos'itum et 
Laxans, Decoction de quinquina composee et 
laxative; Compound lax'ative decoction of Cin- 
chona. (Cort, cinchon. aqua Oij. Boil for a 
quarter of an hour, remove it from the fire; then 
infuse in it for half an hour, fol. senna, soda 
sulph. aa, £ij : add syrup de senna Its title 
indicates its properties. 
Decoctum Liche'nis, Decoctum Liche'nis Ts- 
lan'dici ; Decoction of Liv'erwort. (Lichen ?j, 
aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
It consists of bitter extractive and fecula, dis- 
solved in water, and its operation is tonic and 
demulcent. Dose, to 5iv. It is also nu- 
trient, but hardly worthy of the rank of an offi- 
cinal preparation. 
Decoctum Lignorum, D. Guaiaci compositum. 
Decoctum Malv.e Compos'itum, Decoctum 
pro enem'ate, Decoctum commu'ne pro clyste're; 
Compound Decoction of Mallow, (F.) Decoction 
de Mauve composee. (Malva exsicc. anthe- DECOCTUM 
mid. flor, exsicc. aqua Oj. Boil for fifteen 
minutes and strain.) It consists of bitter ex- 
tractive, and mucilage in water, and is chiefly 
used for clysters and fomentations. It is un- 
worthy a place in the pharmacopoeias. 
Decoctum Mezerei, D. daphnes mezerei-d. 
Pectorale, D. hordei compositum. 
Decoctum Papav'eris, Decoc'tum pro Fo- 
men'to, Fotus commu'nis ; Decoction of Poppy. 
(Papav. somnif. capsul. concis. a?''® Oiv. 
Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Pharm. L.) 
It contains the narcotic principle of the poppy, 
and mucilage in water: is anodyne and emol- 
lient, and employed as such in fomentation, in 
painful swellings, ulcers, Ac. 
Decoctum Polygal.e Senega:, D. Senegae. 
Decoctum Quercus Alba:, D. Querctls Ro'- 
boris : Decoction of White Oak Bark. (Quercds 
cort. 5j, aqua Oiss. Boil to a pint, and strain. 
Pharm. U. S.) It is astringent, and used as 
such, in injections, in leucorrhoea, uterine hemor- 
rhage, <tc., as well as in the form of fomentation 
to unhealthy ulcers. 
Decoctum Sarsaparil'la:, D. Smi'lacis Sar- 
saparilla ; Decoction of Sarsaparilla. (Sarsa- 
parill. rad. concis. aq. fervent. Oiv. Mace- 
rate for four hours, near the fire, in a lightly 
covered vessel; then bruise the root; macerate 
again for two hours; then boil to Oij, and strain. 
Pharm. L.) It contains bitter extractive, and 
mucilage in water; is demulcent, and has been 
used, although it is doubtful with what efficacy, 
in the sequelae of syphilis. Dose, f§iv to Oss. 
Decoctum Sarsaparilla: Compos'itum; Com- 
pound Decoction of Sarsaparil'la, (F.) Decoction 
de Salsapareille Composee. (Sarsaparill. concis. 
etcontus. §vj, Sassafr. Cort, concis., Liyn. Guaiac. 
rasur., Rad. Glycyrrhiz. contus. aa 5j, Mezerei, 
concis. 3i'j, Aqua Oiv. Boil fifteen minutes, and 
strain. Pharm. U. S.) This is considered to be 
possessed of analogous properties to the celebrated 
Lisbon Diet-Drink, Decoc'tum Lusitan'icum, which 
it resembles in composition. 
Decoctum Scilla:; Decoction of Squill. 
(Scilla, juniper, Senega, Aqua, 
Oiv. Boil till one half the liquor is consumed; 
strain, and add spirit of nitrous ether, 
Former Pharm. U. S.) Dose, 
Decoctum Sen'ega:, D. Polyg'ala Senega; 
Decoction of Senega. (jSeneg. cont. 5j, aqua 
Oiss. Boil to Oj, and strain. Ph. U. S.) It is 
reputed to be diuretic, purgative, and stimulant, 
and has been given in dropsy, rheumatism, <fcc. 
Decoctum Smilacis Sarsaparilla:, D. sarsa- 
parillae-d. Sudorificum, D. Guaiaci compositum. 
Decoctum Tarax'aci, Decoction of Dandelion. 
( Taraxac. contus. aqua Oij. Boil to a pint, 
and strain. Ph. U. S) Dose, 
Decoctum Ulmi, D. Ulmi Campes'tris; Decoc- 
tion of Elm Bark. ( Ulmi cort. recent, cont. 
aqua Oiv. Boil to Oij, and strain. Pharm. L.} 
It is a reputed diuretic, and has been used in 
lepra and herpes; but, probably, has no efficacy. 
Dose, f§iv to Oss. 
Decoctum Uva: Ursi, Decoction of uva ursi. 
(Uva ursi. §j, aqua, Boil to a pint and 
strain. Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
Decoctum Vera'tri, Decoctum Helleb'ori albi; 
Decoction of White Hellebore. (Veratri rad. 
cont. §j, aqua Oij, spir. rec. Boil the wa- 
tery decoction to Oj, and, when it is cold, add 
the spirit. Pharm. L.) It is stimulant, acrid, 
and cathartic; but is used only externally. It 
is a useful wash in tinea capitis, psora, &e. 
Should it excite intense pain on being applied, it 
must be diluted. 
Decoc'tum Zittman'ni, Zitt'mann's Decoction. 
A most absurd farrago, extolled by Theden in 
273 
DECUSSATION 
venereal diseases, the formula for which, accord- 
ing to Jourdan, "some blockheads have lately 
reproduced among us as a novelty." It is com- 
posed of sarsaparilla, pulvia atypticue, calomel 
and cinnabar, boiled in water with aniseed, fennel 
seed, and liquorice root. A stronger and a weaker 
decoction were directed by Zittmann. Formula) 
for its preparation are contained in Jourdan's 
Pharmacopoeia Universalis; and in Lincke's Voll- 
standiges Recept-Taschenbuch. Leipz., 1841. 
DECOLLEMENT, (F.) Deglutina'tio, Reglu- 
tina'tio, (from de and coller, 'to glue.') The 
state of an organ that is separated from the sur- 
rounding parts, owing to destruction of the areo- 
lar membrane which united them. The skin 
is decollee, i. e. separated from the subjacent 
parts, by a burn, subcutaneous abscess, Ac. 
DECOLLEMENT DU PLACENTA is the 
separation or detachment of the whole or a part 
of the placenta from the inner surface of the ute- 
rus. Decollement, from de, ' from,' and collum, 
' the neck,' obtrunca'tio, also means the separa- 
tion of the head of the foetus from the trunk, the 
latter remaining in the uterus. 
DECOLORA'TION, Decolora'tio, Diacolora'- 
tio, from de, 'from,' and colorare, 'to colour.' 
Loss of the natural colour ; Parachro'sis. De- 
void of colour-Achroma' aia. 
In Pharmacy, any process by which liquids, 
or solids in solution, are deprived wholly or 
in part of their colour, - as by bringing them in 
contact with animal charcoal. 
DECOMPOSES, (F.) from de, 'from,' and 
componere, ' to compose.' Decompo'aed, Diaao- 
lu'tus. An epithet, applied to the face when ex- 
tensively changed in its expression and colour; 
as in the choleric or moribund. 
DECORTICA'TION, from de, 'from,' and 
cortex, 'bark.' An operation, which consists in 
separating the bark from roots, stalks, Ac. 
DECOS'TIS, Apleu'ros, from de, priv., and 
coata, ' a rib.' One who has no ribs. 
DECREMENTUM, Decline. 
DECREP'ITUDE, Decrepitu'do, jEtaa de- 
erep'ita, Ul'tima senee'tus, Senec'ta decrep'ita 
seu extre'ma seu eumma seu ul'tima, from decre- 
pitus, (de, and crepare, 'to creak,') 'very old.' 
The last period of old age, and of human life; 
which ordinarily occurs about the eightieth year. 
It may, however, be accelerated or protracted. 
Its character consists in the progressive series 
of phenomena which announce the approaching 
extinction of life. 
DECRETORII DIES, Critical days. 
DECU'BITUS, from decumbere, (de, and ciim- 
bere, 'to lie,') 'to lie down.' Cuba'tio. Lying 
down. Assuming the horizontal posture, cu'bitva 
supi'nus ; (F.) Coucher. Hord, decubMa, ' at bed 
time.' The French say - Decu6itu« horizontal, 
sur le doe, sur le cote, for, lying in the horizontal 
posture, on the back or side. 
DECURTA'TUS, yeiovpos, or ytiovpiliwv, from 
de, and curtus, 'short,' 'shortened, curtailed,' 
'running to a point.' When applied to the pulse, 
it signifies a progressive diminution in the strength 
of the arterial pulsations, which, at last, cease. 
If the pulsations return and gradually acquire all 
their strength, it is called Puleus decurta'tua re- 
ci p'rocus.-Galen. 
DECUSSA'TION, Decuaaa'tio, Chios'moa, Tn- 
crucia'tio, Interaec'tio, Intricatu'ra, from decvssis, 
that is, decern asses; also, the figure of the letter 
X. Union in the shape of an X or cross. Ana- 
tomists use this term chiefly in the case of the 
nerves - as the decussation of the optic nerves, 
which cross each other within the cranium. DECUSSORIUM 
DECUSSO'RIUM, from decutio, (de, and qua- 
tio,) 'I shake down.' An instrument used by the 
ancients, for depressing the dura mater, and faci- 
litating the exit of substances effused on or under 
that membrane. It is described by Scultetus, 
Par6, <tc. See Meningophylax. 
DE DAIGNEUR, Rectus superior oculi. 
DEDENTITION, see Dentition. 
DEDOLA'TION, Dedola'tio,from dedolare, (de, 
and dolare,) 'to cut and hew with an axe.' This 
word has been used by surgeons to express the 
action by which a cutting instrument divides ob- 
liquely any part of the body, and produces a 
wound with loss of substance. It is commonly 
on the head, that wounds by dedolation are ob- 
served. When there was a complete separation 
of a portion of the bone of the cranium, the an- 
cients called it Aposceparnis'mus. 
DEERBERRY, Gaultheria, Vaecinium stami- 
neum. 
DEERFOOD, Brasenia hydropeltis. 
DEERS' TEARS, Bezoar of the Deer. 
DEFAILLANCE, Syncope. 
DEFECA'TION, Defasca'tio, from de, rmd faces, 
' excrements.' The act by which the excrement 
is extruded from the body. Caca'tio, Excre'tio 
alvi, E. alvi'na, E. facum alvina'rum, Dejec'tio 
alvi, Seces'sio, Expul'sio vel Ejec'tio feecum, 
Apago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Ecchore' sis, Eccopro'sis, 
Eges'tio. The faeces generally accumulate in the 
colon, being prevented by the annulus at the top 
of the rectum from descending freely into that 
intestine. In producing evacuations, therefore, 
in obstinate constipation, it is well, by means of 
a long tube, to throw the injection into the colon, 
as suggested by Dr. O'Beirne. 
In Pharmacy, defecation means the separation 
of any substance from a liquid in which it may 
be suspended. See Clarification. 
DEFECTIO ANIMI, Syncope. 
DEFECTUS LOQUELAE, Aphonia -d. Ve- 
neris, Anaphrodisia. 
DEFENSI'VUM, from defendere, (de, and fen- 
ders, ) 'to defend.' A preservative or defence. 
The old surgeons gave this name to different 
local applications, made to diseased parts, for the 
purpose of guarding them from the impression 
of extraneous bodies, and particularly from the 
contact of air. 
DEF'ERENS, from defero, (de, andferre,) 'I 
bear away,' ' I transport.' 
Deferens, Vas, Duetus seu Cana'lis deferens, 
Vibra'tor, (F.) Conduit spermatique, Conduit de- 
ferent, is the excretory canal of the sperm, which 
arises from the epididymis, describes numerous 
convolutions, and with the vessels and nerves of 
the testicle concurs in the formation of the sper- 
matic chord, enters the abdominal ring, and ter- 
minates in the ejaculatory duct. 
DEFIBRINATION, see Defibrinized. 
DEFIB'RINIZED, (F.) Defibrine. Deprived 
of fibrin. A term applied to blood from which 
the fibrin has been removed, as by whipping. 
The act of removing fibrin from the blood has 
been termed defibrination. 
DEFIGURATIO, Deformation. 
DEFLAGRA'TION, Deflagra'tio, from defla- 
grare, (de, and flagrare, 'to burn,') 'to set on 
fire.' In pharmacy, the rapid combustion of a 
substance with flame; great elevation of tempe- 
rature ; violent motion, and more or less noise. 
Thus, we speak of the deflagration of nitrate, 
and of chlorate, of potassa, of gunpowder, &c. 
DEFLECTENS, Derivative. 
DEFLECTIO, Derivation. 
DEFLORATION, Stuprum. 
Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio, Devirgina'tio, Vir- 
g-'n'itas def ora'la, from deforescere, (de, and flo- 
DEGREE 
rescere,) 'to shed flowers.* The act of depriving 
a female of her virginity. Inspection of the parts 
is the chief criterion of defloration having been 
forcibly accomplished; yet inquiry must be made, 
whether the injury may not have been caused by 
another body than the male organ. Recent de- 
floration is infinitely more easy of detection than 
where some time has elapsed. 
DEFLUVIUM, Aporrhoea - d. Pilorum, Alo- 
pecia. 
DEFLUXIO, Catarrh, Diarrhoea-d. Catarrha- 
lis, Influenza. 
DEFLUX'ION, Deflux'io, Deflvx'us, Catar'- 
rbysis, Hypor'rhysis, Catar'rhus. A falling down 
of humours from a superior to an inferior part. 
It is sometimes used synonymously with inflam- 
mation. 
DEFLUXUS DYSENTERICUS, Dysentery. 
DEFORMA'TION, Deforma'tio, Cacomor'phia, 
Cacomorpho'sis, Dystnor'phe, Dytmor'phia, Dys- 
morpho'sis, Deform'itas, Defigura'tio, Disflgura'- 
tion, Deform'ity, Inform'itas, (F.) Difformiti, 
from de, and forma. Morbid alteration in the 
form of some part of the body, as of the head, 
pelvis, spine, &c. A deformity may be natural 
or accidental. 
DE'FRUTUM, (F.) Vin cuit,from defrutare, 'to 
boil new wine.' Grape must, boiled down to one- 
half and used as a sweetmeat. - Plin. Columell. 
Isidor. See Rob. 
DEFUSIO, Decantation. 
DEGENERATIO, Degeneration - d. Adiposa 
Cordis, Steatosis cordis. 
DEGENERA'TION, Degeneratio, Notbeu'sis, 
Nothi'a, from degener, 'unlike one's ancestors,' 
(de, and genus, 'family,') Degen'eracy, (F.) Aba- 
tardissement. A change for the worse in the in- 
timate composition of the solids or fluids of the 
body. In pathological anatomy, degeneration 
means the change which occurs in the structure 
of an organ, when transformed into a matter es- 
sentially morbid; as a cancerous, or tubercular, 
degeneration. 
Dtgentrescence is, by the French pathologists, 
employed synonymously with Degeneration. 
D&GENERESCENCE, Degeneration - 
d. Graisseuse du Foie, Adiposis hepatica-d. Gra- 
nule du Rein, Kidney, Bright's disease of the- 
d. Noire, Melanosis. 
DEGLUTINATIO, D&collement. 
DEGLUTITIO, Deglutition-d. Difficilis, Dys- 
phagia-d. Impedita, Dysphagia-d. Laesa, Dys- 
phagia. 
DEGLUTIT"ION, Deglutit"io, Catap'osis, 
from de, and glutire, ' to swallow.' The act by 
which substances are passed from the mouth into 
the stomach, through the pharynx and oesopha- 
gus. It is one of a complicated character, and 
requires the aid of a considerable number of 
muscles; the first steps being voluntary, the re- 
mainder executed under spinal and involuntary 
nervous influence. 
DEGMUS, Dexis, Morsus, (F.) Morsure, - a 
bite in general, from <5nicxa>, ' I bite.' A gnawing 
sensation about the upper orifice of the stomach, 
which was once attributed to acrimony of the 
liquids contained in that viscus. 
DEGORGERENT, Disgorgement. 
DEGOUT, Disgust. 
DEGREE', from degrl, originally from gradns, 
1 a step.' A title conferred by a college,-as the 
' degree of Doctor of Medicine.' Galen used this 
expression to indicate the qualities of certain 
drugs. Both he and his school admitted cold, 
warm, moist, and dry medicines, and four differ- 
ent ' degrees' of each of those qualities. Thus, 
Apium was warm in the first degree, Agrimony 
274 DEGUSTATION 
in the second, Roche Alum in the third, and Gar- 
lic in the fourth. Bedegar was cold in the first, 
the flower of the Pomegranate in the second, the 
Sempervivum in the third, Opium in the fourth, 
Ac. The French use the term degre to indicate, 
1. The intensity of an affection : as a burn of the 
first, second, third degree, Ac. 2. The particular 
stage of an incurable disease, as the third degree 
of phthisis, cancer of the stomach, Ac. 
DEGUSTA'TION, Degusta'tio, from de, and 
gustare, 'to taste.' Gustation. The appreciation 
of sapid qualities by the gustatory organs. 
DEICTICOS, Index. 
DEIRONCUS, Bronchocele. 
DEJECTEDNESS, Depression. 
DEJECTIO ALVI, Defecation - d. Alvina, 
Excrement. 
DEJEC'TION, from dejicere, dejectnm, (de, 
and jacere,) 'to cast down.' Dejec'tio, Subdue'tio, 
Hypago'ge, Hypochore'sis, Hypecchore'sis, Apop'- 
atus, Hypop'atus, Hypoph'ora. The expulsion of 
the faeces ;-Ejec'tio, Eges'tio. Also, a faecal dis- 
charge or stool,-generally, however, with alvine 
prefixed,-as an alvine Dejection, Alvus vir'idis, 
Dejectio alvi'na. Also, depression of spirits. 
DE.TECTIONES NIGRJE, Melama. 
DEJECTORIUM, Cathartic. 
DELACHRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
DELACHRYMATIVUS, Apodacryticus. 
DELAPSIO, Prolapsus. 
DELAPSUS, Prolapsus-d. Palpebrae, Blepha- 
roptosis. 
DELATIO, Indication. 
DEL A YANTS, Diluentia. 
DELCROIX'S DEPILATORY, see Depila- 
tory, Colley's. 
DELETE'RIOUS, Delete'rius, Pernicio'sus, 
(F.) Pernicieux, from irficu, 'I injure.' That 
which produces destructive disorder in the exer- 
cise and harmony of the functions. 
DELETERIUM, Poison. 
DELIGATIO, Deligation, Ligature, see Ban- 
dage. 
DELIGA'TION, Deliga'tio, Epidei'sis, Deli- 
gatu'ra, Vul'nerum deliga'tio, Fascia'rum Appli- 
ca'tio, Plaga'rum Vinctu'ra, Fascia'tio, from de- 
ligare, (de, and ligo,) 'to bind.' The deligation 
of wounds formerly embraced the application of 
apparatus, dressings, Ac., - the denomination 
Deliga'tor Plaga'rum being synonymous with 
Medicus Vulnera'rius, and in derivation, with the 
W u n d ar z t, ' wound physician' or surgeon, of the 
Germans. Deligation is hardly ever used now as 
an English word. In France, it is applied to the 
regular and methodical application of bandages, 
and to the ligature of arteries. 
DELTGATURA, Deligation. 
DELIQUES'CENT, Deliques'cens, from deli- 
quescere, (de, and liquescere,) 'to melt,' 'to dis- 
solve.' Any salt which becomes liquid by attract- 
ing moisture from the air. The deliquescent 
salts require to be kept in bottles, well stopped. 
Chloride of lime, acetate of potassa, and carbonate 
of potassa, are examples of such salts. The an- 
cient chemists expressed the condition of a body, 
which had become liquid in this manner, by the 
word Deliquium. 
DELIQUIUM ANIMI, Syncope. 
DELIRANS, Delirious. 
DELIRANT, Delirious. 
DELIRATIO, Delirium - d. Senum, see De- 
mentia. 
DE LIRE, Delirium - d. Crapuleux, Deliriupi 
tremens-d. Tremblant, Delirium tremens. 
DELIRIA, Insanity. 
DELIR'IOUS. Same etymon as Delirium. 
Deli'runs, Deli'rus, Excerebra'tus, Alloeh'oos, 
275 
DELPHINIUM 
Alie'nus, Parale'rtu, Having. (F.) Delirant. One 
who is in a state of delirium. That which is at- 
tended by delirium. The French use the term 
Fievre pernicieuae delirante for a febrile inter- 
mittent, in which delirium is the predominant 
symptom. 
DELIR'IUM, from de, 'from,' and lira, 'a 
ridge between two furrows Parac'ope, Phreni'- 
tis, Phledoni'a, Deaipien'tia, Aphroa'yne, Para- 
lere'ma, Paralere'sis, Paralog"ia, Phanta'sia, 
Paraphros'yne, Emo'tio, Leros, Par ante'a, Al- 
loph'asis, Delira'tio, (F.) Delire, Egarement 
d'esprit, &c., Transport, Ideosynchysie. Stray- 
ing from the rules of reason ; wandering of the 
mind. Hippocrates used the word pavia, mania, 
for delirium sine febre, and the Greek words 
given above for delirium cum febre. In different 
authors, also, we find the words, Paraph'ora, Pa- 
rqph'rotes, Paraphrene'sis,Paraphren'ia,Phrene'- 
sis, Phreneti'asis, &c., for different kinds of deli- 
rium. Delirium is usually symptomatic. 
Delirium Ebriositatis, D. tremens - d. Epi- 
leptic, see Epilepsy - d. Furiosum, Mania-d. 
Maniacum, Mania-d. Potatorum, D. tremens- 
d. Tremifaciens, D. tremens. 
Delirium Senile, see Dementia. 
Delirium Tremens, Ma'nia d Potfl, (Enoma,'- 
nta, Jlfa'ma e temulen'tid, D. potato'rum, D. ebri- 
osita'tia, D. tremifa'ciens, D. vig"ilana, Erethis'- 
mua ebrioso'rum, Dipsoma'nia, Meningi'tis seu 
Phreni'tie potato'rum, Tromoma'nia, Tromopara- 
noe'a, Potoparance'a, Pototromoparanoe'a, (F.) 
Enctphalopathie crapuleuse, Delire tremblant, D. 
crapuleux, Folie des Ivrognes. A state of deli- 
rium and agitation, peculiar to those addicted to 
spirituous liquors, with great sleeplessness. It is 
preceded by indisposition, lassitude, watohful- 
ness, headach, and anorexia; the delirium and 
tremors most commonly recurring in paroxysms. 
It is caused by the habitual and intemperate use 
of ardent spirits or of opium or tobacco; or rather 
by abandoning them after prolonged use. The 
treatment is various. Many have regarded sti- 
mulants, with large doses of opium to induce 
rest, to be indispensable. It is certain, however, 
that the expectant system will often, if not gene- 
rally, be successful; and, it is probable, a cure 
effected in this manner will be more permanent 
than when produced by excitants. 
DELIRUS, Delirious. 
DE LITESCENOE, see Repercussion. 
DELITESCENTIA, see Repercussion. 
DELIVRANCE, (F.) An expression, which, 
in common language, signifies the action of deli- 
vering, libera'tio, but in the practice of obstetrics, 
means the extrusion of the secundines, either 
spontaneously or by the efforts of art. This com- 
pletion of delivery-partus secunda'riua, secundi- 
na'rum expul'sio vel extrac'tio, is produced by 
the same laws as the expulsion of the foetus. 
Sometimes, the after-birth follows the child im- 
mediately ; at others, it is retained ; and requires 
manual interference to remove it. The following 
are the chief cases in which this becomes neces- 
sary. 1. Intimate adhesion between the placenta 
and paries of the uterus. 2. Spasmodic contrac- 
tion of the orifice of the uterus. 3. Hour-glass 
contraction. 4. Torpor or hemorrhage after the 
expulsion of the child, and,-5. Insertion of the 
placenta at the orifice of the uterus. 
DELIVERY, FALSE, False water. 
DELIVRE, Secundines. 
DELOCATIO, Luxatio. 
DELPHIN'ILM, from or 'a 
dolphin,' which the flowers resemble. D. con- 
sol'ida seu Seg"etum seu Versic'olor, Calcitra'pa, 
Consol'ida Rega'lis, Branching Larkspur, Stag- DELPHYS 
- 
gerweed. Family Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. 
Polyandria Trigynia. (F.) Pied d'alouette dee 
champs. It has been employed as a vermifuge. 
The flowers have been used in ophthalmia, and 
the seeds have the same property as those of 
Stavesacre. 
Delphinium Consolida, Delphinium - d. Se- 
getum, Delphinium. 
Delphin'ium Staphisa'gria. The systematic 
name of the Staves' acre, Staphisogria, Phtheiroc'- 
tonum, Phthei'rium, Staphis, Pedicula'ria, (F.) 
Staphisaigre, Herbe aux Poux, Dauphinelle. 
The seeds have a disagreeable smell; a nauseous, 
bitterish, hot taste; and are cathartic, emetic, 
and vermifuge : owing, however, to the violence 
of their operation, they are seldom given inter- 
nally, and are chiefly used in powder, mixed with 
hair powder, to destroy lice. The active prin- 
ciple of this plant has been separated, and re- 
ceived the name Delphin'ia. It is extremely 
acrid, and has been recently used, like veratria, 
in tic douloureux, paralysis and rheumatism. It 
is used in the form of ointment, or in solution in 
alcohol, (gr. x to xxx, or more, to 5;j,) applied 
externally. 
Delphinium Versicolor, Delphinium. 
DELPHYS, Uterus, Vulva. 
DELTA, Vulva. 
DELTIFORMIS, Deltoid. 
DELTOID, Deltdi'des, Delto'des, Deltoideus, 
Deltiform'is, from the Greek capital letter A, 
bt\ra, and 'resemblance.' Sous-acromio- 
clavi-humeral of Dumas; Sus-acromio-humtral 
of Chaussier. A triangular muscle forming the 
fleshy' part of the shoulder, and covering the 
shoulder-joint. It extends from the outer third 
of the clavicle, from the acromion and spine of 
the scapula, to near the middle and outer part 
of the os humeri, where it is inserted by means 
of a strong tendon. This muscle raises the arm 
directly upwards, when th* shoulder is fixed, and 
carries it anteriorly or posteriorly, according to 
the direction of the fibres, which are thrown into 
action. If the arm be rendered immovable, the 
deltoid acts inversely and depresses the shoulder. 
DELUSION, Hallucination. 
DEM EL MUCA. A name given by Prosper 
Alpinus to a disease, which, he says, is proper 
to Egypt. He considers it to be inflammation of 
the brain ; but others describe it as a pernicious 
intermittent. 
DEMAGNETIZA'TION, Demagnetisa'tio. 
The act of removing the condition of magneti- 
zation. 
DEMANGEAISON, Itching. 
DEM ANUS, Acheir. 
DJ%MENGE, Dementia-d. Innte, Idiotism. 
DEMENTED, Insane. 
DEMEN'TIA, Amen'tia, Fatu'itas, Ance'a, 
Anoe'sia, Deuterance' a, Ecnae'a, Paranoe'a, Mo'- 
ria demens, Noastheni'a, Incohe'rency, Imbecil'- 
ity, Incohe'rent Insanity; from de, 'from,' or 
'out of,' and mens, 'mind,' or 'reason.' (F.) De- 
mence, Betise. In common parlance, and even 
in legal language, this word is synonymous with 
insanity. Physicians, however, have applied it 
to those cases of unsound mind which are cha- 
racterized by a total loss of the faculty of thought, 
or by such an imbecility of intellect that the 
ideas are extremely incoherent, there being at 
the same time a total loss of the power of rea- 
soning. Mania and melancholy are apt to end 
in this, if possible, more deplorable state. Dotage 
is the Dementia of the aged-Mo'ria demens lere'- 
ma, Lere'ma, Lere'sis, terns, Delira'tio Senum, 
Amen'tia Seni'lis, Pueril'itas, Delir'ium Seni'le, 
Anil'itas, Senile Insanity, Senile Dementia, In- 
sanity of the aged,-a form of moral insanity, in 
276 
DENGUE 
which the whole moral character of the individual 
is changed. 
DEMI, Semi-d. Bain, Semicupium-d. Epi- 
neux, Semi-spinalis colli - d. Epineux du don, 
Semi-spinalis dorsi - d. Gantelet, Gantelet- d. 
Interosseux du pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis ma- 
nus - d. Lunaire, Semi-lunar - d. Membraneux, 
Semi-membranosus - d. Orbicularis, Orbicularis 
oris - d. Tendineux, Semi-tendinosus. 
DEMISSIO ANIMI, Depression. 
DEMISSOR, Catheter. 
DEMODEX FOLLICULORUM, 'lard,' 
and Irf, ' a boring worm,') Acarus folliculorum. 
DEMONOMA'NIA, Dcemonomania, Theoma'- 
nia, Entheoma'nia, from iaiywv, 'demon,' a spirit 
of good or evil, and pavia, ' madness.' Religious 
insanity. A variety of madness, in which the 
person conceives himself possessed of devils, and 
is in continual dread of malignant spirits, the 
pains of hell, <tc. 
DEM'ONSTRATOR, from demonstrare, (de 
and monstrare,) ' to show ;' ' exhibit.' One who 
exhibits. The index finger. 
Dem'onstrator of Anat'omy. One who ex- 
hibits the parts of the human body. A teacher 
of practical anatomy. 
DEMOTI'VUS LAPSUS, Repenti'na more, 
from demovere, (de and mover e,) ' to move off,' 
'remove,' and lapsus, 'a fall.' Sudden death. 
DEMUL'CENTS, Demulcen'tia, Involven'tia, 
Obvolven'tia, Lubrican'tia, from demulcere, (de 
and mulcere,) 'to soothe,' 'to assuage.' (F.) 
Adoucissants. Medicines supposed to be capable 
of correcting certain acrid conditions imagined 
to exist in the humours. Substances of a muci- 
laginous or saccharine nature belong to this class. 
Demulcents may act directly on the with 
which they come in contact; but in other cases, 
as in catarrh, their effect is produced by contigu- 
ous sympathy; the top of the larynx being 
soothed by them first, and indirectly the inflamed 
portion of the air-passages. In diseases of the 
urinary organs, they have no advantage over 
simple diluents. - See Diluents and Emollients. 
The following are the chief demulcents ;-Acacias 
Gummi; Althajae Folia et Radix; Amygdalae; 
Amylum ; Avenae Farina; Cera; Cetaceum ; Cy- 
doniae Semina; Fucus Crispus; Glycyrrhiza; 
Hordeum; Lichen; Linum ; Olivae Oleum; Sas- 
safras Medulla; Sesamum; Sevum; Tragacantba, 
and Ulmus. 
DEMUSCULA'TUS, from de, and musculus, 
' a muscle.' (F.) Decharni. Emaciated, devoid 
of flesh. 
DEN2EUS, Chronic. 
DENA'RIUS; a Roman coin, equal in value 
to about 10 cents, or 8 pence English. It was 
marked with the letter X, to signify 10 asses. 
Also, the 7th part of the Roman ounce. 
DENDROLIBANUS, Rosmarinus. 
DENERVATIO, Aponeurosis. 
DEN'GUE, Dinyee, Dunya, Dandy, Bouquet 
and Bucket Fever, Rheumatis'mus febri'lie, Scar- 
lati'na rheumat'ica, Exanthe'sis arthro'sia, Plan- 
ta'ria, Febris exanthemat'ica articula'ris, (F.) (rt- 
raffe, Erup'tive artic'ular fever, E. rheumat'ic 
fever. A disease, which first appeared in the years 
1827 and 1828, in the West Indies, and in the 
southern states of North America. It was ex- 
tremely violent in its symptoms, but not often 
fatal. It usually commenced with great languor, 
chilliness, and pain in the tendons about the 
smaller joints. To these symptoms succeeded 
burning heat and redness of the skin, pains in 
the muscles of the limbs or in the forehead, with 
vomiting or nausea. The fever continued for 
one, two or three days, and usually terminated 
by copious perspiration. In different places, it DENIACH 
put on different appearances ; but seems in all to 
have been a singular variety of rheumatic fever. 
The usual antiphlogistic treatment was adopted, 
and successfully. 
DENIACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. De- 
niach is a village in Swabia, at the entrance of 
the Black Forest. The waters contain carbonic 
acid, carbonate of iron, carbonate of lime, sul- 
phate of magnesia, and carbonate of soda. 
DENIGRA'TIO, from denigrare, (de, and ni- 
per,) 'to become black.' The act of becoming 
black, as in cases of sphacelus, sugillation, Ac. 
DENS, Tooth - d. Leonis, Leontodon taraxa- 
cum. 
Dens Pro'lifer. A term used by Bartholin 
for a supernumerary tooth, which appears to 
grow upon a primitive or parent tooth. 
DENT, Tooth-d. de Sagesse, see Dentition. 
DENTAGOGUM, Dentagra. 
DEN'TAGRA, Den'ticeps,Dentar'paga, Denti- 
du'cum, Dentic'uluni, Dentago'gum, Denta'lis for- 
fex, Forfex denta'ria, Odonthar'paga, Odon'ta- 
gra, Odontago'gon, from dens, ' a tooth,' and aypa, 
' a seizure.' (F.) Davier. A tooth-forceps. 
DENTAL, Denta'lis, Denta'rius, Denta'tus, 
Denticula'tus, from dens, 'a tooth.' That which 
concerns the teeth. See Dentiformis. 
Dental Arches, (F.) Arcades dentaires, are 
the arches formed by the range of alveoli in each 
jaw. 
Dental Ar'teries are those arteries which 
nourish the teeth. They proceed from several 
sources. The teeth of the upper jaw, e. g., re- 
ceive their arteries from the infraorbitar and 
superior alveolar,-themselves branches of the 
internal maxillary. The teeth of the lower jaw 
receive their branches from the inferior dental 
or inferior maxillary, which is given off by the 
internal maxillary, and runs through the dental 
canal, issuing at the mental foramen, after hav- 
ing given numerous ramifications to the teeth 
and jaw. 
Dental Canals, (F.) Conduits dentaires, Max'- 
illary canals. The bony canals, through which 
the vessels and nerves pass to the interior of the 
teeth. 
Dental Car'tilage, Cartila'go denta'lis. The 
cartilaginous elevation, divided by slight fissures, 
on the biting margins of the gums in infants, 
prior to dentition. It is a substitute for the teeth. 
Dental Cav'ity, (F.) Caviti dentaire. A ca- 
vity in the interior of the teeth in which is situate 
the dental pulp. 
Dental Fol'licle, Follic'ulus Dentis, Cap'sula 
dentis, (F.) Follicule dentaire. A membranous 
follicle, formed of a double lamina, in which the 
teeth are contained before they issue from the 
alveoli, and which, consequently, aids in the for- 
mation of the alveolo-dental periosteum, and of 
the membrane that envelops the pulp of the teeth. 
The dental follicles are lodged in the substance 
of the jaws. 
Dental Gangrene, Caries Den'tium, Odon- 
talgia cario'sa, Odontonecro'sis, Odontosphacel'- 
isis, Odontosphacelis'mus, Necro'sis Den'tium, 
(F.) Carie des Dents. Gangrene or caries of the 
teeth. See Caries. 
Dental Nerves, (F.) Nerfs dentaires. Nerves 
which pass to the teeth. Those of the upper in- 
cisors and canine are furnished by the infra-or- 
bitar nerve, a branch of the superior maxillary; 
and those of the molares by the trunk of the 
same nerve. The teeth of the lower jaw receive 
the nerves from the inferior maxillary, which, as 
well as the superior maxillary, arises from the 
5 th pair. 
Dental Pulp, Pulpa seu Nu'cleus seu Sub- 
stau'tia pulpo'sa dentis, Germen denta'le, (F.) 
277 
DENTIFRICE 
Pulpe dentaire. A pultaceous substance, of a 
reddish-gray colour, very soft and sensible, which 
fills the cavity of the teeth. It is well supplied 
with capillary vessels. 
Dental Surgeon, Dentist. 
Dental Veins have a similar distribution with 
the arteries. 
DENTALIS, Odontoid-d. Forfex, Dentagra. 
DENTA'LIUM, from dens, 'a tooth,' the dog- 
like tooth shell. A genus of shells in the shape 
of a tooth. They formerly entered into several 
pharmaceutical preparations, but were useless 
ingredients ; consisting-like shells in general- 
of carbonate of lime and gelatin. 
DENTARIA, Anthemis Pyrethrum, Plumbago 
Europsea. 
DENTARIUS, Dentist. 
DENTARPAGA, Dentagra. 
DENTATA VERTEBRA, Axis. 
DENTATUS, Dental. 
DENTELARIA, Plumbago Europsea. 
DEN TELE ANTERIEUR PETIT, Pecto- 
ralis minor-d. Grand, Serratus magnus-d. Pos- 
tlrieur et inftrieur, petit, Serratus posticus infe- 
rior- d. Superieur, petit, Serratus posticus su- 
perior. 
DENTES, Teeth, see Tooth - d. Angulares, 
Canine teeth - d. Canini, Canine teeth - d. Cla- 
vales, Molar teeth-d. Columellares, Canine teeth 
-d. Ctenes, Incisive teeth-d. Cuspidati, Canine 
teeth - d. Dichasteres, Incisive teeth - d. Gela- 
sini, Incisive teeth - d. Gomphii, Molar teeth - 
d. Incisores, Incisive teeth-d. Lactei, see Denti- 
tion-d. Laniarii, Canine teeth - d. Maxillares, 
Molar teeth-d. Molares, Molar teeth - d. Mor- 
dentes, Canine teeth-d. Oculares, Canine teeth- 
d. Primores, Incisive teeth - d. Rasorii, Incisive 
teeth - d. Sapientise, see Dentition - d. Serotini, 
see Dentition-d. Sophroretici, see Dentition-d. 
Sophronistae, see Dentition - d. Sophronisteres, 
see Dentition-d. Tomici, Incisive teeth. 
DENTICEPS, Dentagra. 
DENTICULA'TUM, (Ligamentum,) diminu- 
tive of dens, 'a tooth.' Ligamen'tum denta'tum, 
Membra'na denta'ta. A slender cord, situate be- 
tween the anterior and posterior fasciculi of the 
spinal nerves, and between the tunica arachnoi- 
dea and pia mater. It is attached to the dura 
mater, where that membrane issues from the cra- 
nium, and accompanies the spinal marrow to its 
inferior extremity. It sends off, from its outer 
edge, about twenty slender processes, in the form 
of denticuli, each of which passes outwards and 
connects itself with the dura mater in the inter- 
vals between the anterior and posterior roots of 
the nerves. 
DENTICULATUS, Dental. 
DENTICULUM, Dentagra. 
DENTICULUS, Crena. 
DENTIDUCUM, Dentagra. 
DENTIER, (F.) from dens, 'a, tooth.' Den- 
ture. A set or row of teeth, mounted on metal 
or ivory, to be adjusted to the alveolar margin. 
Dentiers are simple or double. To the latter, that 
is, to the full set, the name Rateliers is given. 
DEN'TIFORM, Dentiform'is, from dens, 'a 
tooth,' and forma, ' form.' Resembling a tooth 
in shape. 
DENTIFORMIS, Odontoid. 
DEN'TIFRICE, Dentifric"ium, Remed'ium. 
dentifric"ium, Tooth powder, Tooth paste, Odon- 
totrim'ma, Odontosmeg'ma, from dens, 'a tooth, 
and fricare, 'to rub;' a name given to different 
powders and pastes proper for cleansing the ena- 
mel of the teeth, and removing tne tartar whicn 
covers them. Powdered bark and charcoal, 
united to any acidulous salt-as cream of tartar 
-form one of the most common de itifrices. DENTINAL 
Electuaire ou Opiate Dentifrice, of the Codex, 
consists of coral jiv, cuttlefish bones and cinna- 
mon, aa cochineal Jss, honey gx, alum gr. iv 
or v. 
Poudre Dentifrice of the Parisian Codex is 
composed of Bole Armeniac, red coral, [prepared,] 
and cuttlefish bones, aa gvj, dragon's blood Xiij, 
cochineal £,j, cream of tartar 2>ix, cinnamon 
cloves, gr. xij, well mixed. 
Charcoal, finely powdered and mixed with 
chalk, forms as good a dentifrice as any. 
DEN'TINAL, Dentina'lis, from dens, 'a tooth.' 
Relating to the dentine of the teeth. 
DENTINE, see Tooth - d. Secondary, see 
Tooth. 
DENTISCAL'PIUM, from dens, 'a tooth,'and 
scalpere, ' to scrape.' Odonto'glyphum. This 
word has been applied to the instrument used 
for scaling the teeth; to the tooth-pick, (F.) 
Cure-dent; and to the gum lancet,-the dechaus- 
soir of the French. 
DENT'IST, Dentis'ta, Odontia'ter, Denta'rius, 
Dental Surgeon, Surgeon-Dentist. One who de- 
votes himself to the study of the diseases of the 
teeth, and their treatment. 
DEN'TISTRY, Odontotech'ny, Odontiatri'a, 
Odontotherapi'a, Dental Surgery. The art of 
the dentist. 
DENTITIO, Dentition-d. Diffieilis, Dysodon- 
tiasis. 
DENTIT"ION, Dentit"io, Denti'tis, Odonto- 
phy'ia, Teething, Odonti'asis, Odonto'sis, from 
dentire, ' to breed teeth.' The exit of the teeth 
from the alveoli and gums; or rather the pheno- 
mena which characterize the different periods of 
their existence. The germs of the first teeth, 
dentes lac'tei or milk teeth, (F.) dens de lait, are 
visible in the foetus about the end of the second 
month; and they begin to be ossified from the 
end of the third to that of the sixth month. At 
birth, the corona of the incisors is formed, but 
that of the canine is not completed; and the tu- 
bercles of the molares are not yet all united. 
Gradually the fang becomes developed; and at 
about six or eight months begins what is com- 
monly called, the first dentit"ion, Odon'tia denti- 
tio'nis lactan'tium. The two middle incisors of 
the lower jaw commonly appear first; and, some 
time afterwards, those of the upper jaw; after- 
wards, the two lateral incisors of the lower jaw ; 
and then those of the upper, followed by the four 
anterior molares : the canine or eye-teeth, at first, 
those of the lower, and, afterwards, those of the 
upper jaw, next appear; and, subsequently and 
successively, the first 4 molares - 2 above and 2 
below, 1 on each side. The whole number of 
the primary, temporary, deciduous, shedding or 
milk-teeth, (dentes tempora'rii,) (F.) Dents de lait, 
is now 20. 
The eruption of the milk-teeth takes place, ap- 
proximately, in the following order: 
Central incisors6th to 8th month. 
Lateral incisors7th to 10th month. 
First molar12th to 14th month. 
Canines15th to 20th month. 
Second molar20th to 30th month. 
The second dentition or shedding of the teeth, 
odon'tia dentitio'nis pueri'lis, Dedentit"ion, be- 
gins about the age of 6 or 7. The germs or mem- 
branous follicles of these second teeth - to the 
number of 32-as well as the rudiments of the 
teeth themselves, are visible, even in the foetus, 
with the exception of those of the small molares, 
which do not appear till after birth. They are 
contained in alveoli of the same shape as those 
of tb« first dentition. Their ossification com- 
278 
DEOBSTRUENT 
mences at from 3 to 6 months after birth, in the 
incisors and first molares; at eight or nine 
months, in the canine; about three years, in the 
molares, 3J in the second great molares, and 
about 10 years in the last. As the alveolus of a 
new tooth becomes gradually augmented, the 
septum between it and that of the corresponding 
milk tooth is absorbed, and disappears. The root 
of the milk tooth is likewise absorbed; its corona 
becomes loose and falls out, and all the first teeth 
are gradually replaced by the permanent teeth, 
Den'tes serot'ini. This second dentition becomes 
necessary in consequence of the increased size 
of the jaws. The new teeth have neither the 
same direction nor the same shape as the old; 
and they are more numerous, amounting till the 
age of 25, (sooner or later,) to 28. About this 
period, a small molaris appears at the extremity 
of each jaw, which is called Dens sapien'tia or 
rcisdom tooth, Dens serot'inus, Dens sophroret'icus, 
D. sophronis'ta, D. sophronis'ter, (F.) Arriere- 
dent, Dent de sagesse, making the whole number 
of permanent teeth 32. 
The eruption of the permanent teeth is remark- 
able for its general regularity; so that it consti- 
tutes an important means for ascertaining the 
age of the individual during the early period of 
life. 
First molars 7th year. 
Central incisors 8th year. 
Lateral incisors 9th year. 
First bicuspids 10 th year. 
Second bicuspids 11th year. 
Canines 12th year. 
Second molars 13th year. 
The teeth of the lower jaw precede by a few 
weeks those of the upper. 
During the period of dentition, that is, of the 
first dentition, the infant is especially liable to 
disease;-the irritation, produced by the pressure 
of the tooth on the superincumbent gum, some- 
times occasioning pyrexia, convulsions, diarrhoea, 
&c., which symptoms are often strikingly relieved 
by a free division of the distended gum. This 
disordered condition is called Teething, Odon'tia 
dentitio'nis, Odonti'asis, Odontal'gia dentitio'nis, 
Odaxis'mus. 
DENTITIS, Dentition. 
DENTIUM CORTEX, Enamel of the teeth- 
d. Dolor, Odontalgia - d. Nitor, Enamel of the 
teeth - d. Scalptura, (Lancing the gums,) see 
Gum lancet-d. Vacillantia, Odontoseisis. 
DENTO, from Dens, 'a tooth.' One whose 
teeth are prominent. 
DENTOIDEUS, Odontoid. 
DENTS BICUSPIDEES, Bicuspid teeth-d. 
Col des, Collum dentium - d. Conoides, Canine 
teeth-d. de Lait, see Dentition-d. M&chelilres, 
Molar teeth-d. Molaires, Molar teeth-d. Multi- 
cuspidies, Molar teeth, great-d. (Eilliires, Ca- 
nine teeth. 
DENTURE, Dentier. 
DENUDA'TION, Denuda'tio, Gymno' sis, from 
denudare, {de, and nudare,) 'to lay bare.' Con- 
dition of a part, deprived of its natural coverings, 
whether by wounds, gangrene, or abscess. It is 
particularly applied to the bones, when deprived 
of their periosteum, and to the teeth when they 
lose their enamel or dental substance. 
DEOB'STRUENT, Deob'strvens, Dephrae'ti- 
cum, Deoppi'lans, Deoppilati'vum, Eephrac'tic, 
from de, and obstruere, (ob, and strnere,) 'to ob- 
struct.' (F.) Desobstruant, Desobstructif, Disopi- 
latif, Desopilant. Medicines given with the view 
of removing any obstruction. The word corre- 
sponds to aperient, in its general, not in its par- DERODORIZER 
ticular sense. It is now almost abandoned, and, 
when used, conveys by no means definite ideas. 
DEODORIZER, Antibromic. 
DEONTOL'OGY, Deontolog''ia; from ra beovra, 
' what is fitting or necessary,' and Xoyoj, ' a de- 
scription.' A word introduced by Bentham to 
signify morals, or the science of duties. 
Med'ical Deontol'ogy, Deontoloy"ia med'ica, 
(F.) Deontologie medicate, Medical ethics, Me- 
dical etiquette. The duties and rights of medical 
practitioners. 
DEOPPILATIVUM, Deobstruent. 
DEPASCENS, Phagedenic. 
DEPAUPERATUS, Impoverished. 
DEPERDITIO, Abortion. 
DEPHRACTICUM, Deobstruent. 
DFiP I LATIF, Depilatory. 
DEPILATIO, Alopecia-d. Capitis, Calvities. 
DEPILA'TION, Depila'tio, Propacis'mus, Ma- 
de'sis, Mad'isis, Psilo'sis, from de, and pilus, 'hair.' 
Loss of hair, either spontaneously or by art. 
DEP'ILATORY, Depilato'rium, Dropax, Psi- 
lo'thron, Ectillot' icus, Epilato'riuni, (F.) l/epila- 
toire, Depilatif. Any thing which causes the 
loss of the hair. Depilatories are, usually caustic 
applications, in which quicklime or some other 
alkaline substance, sulphuret of iron, Ac., enter. 
Depilatory, Colley's, seems to consist of 
quicklime and a portion of sulphuret of potassa. 
A pitch plaster, Pitch-cap, is sometimes used 
as a depilatory. It of course pulls the hair out 
by the roots. 
Delcroix's depilatory, and Plenck's depilatory, 
have a similar composition. 
DEPI'LIS, same etymon. Devoid of hair. 
Hairless. 
DEPLE'TION, Deple'tio, from depleo, 'I un- 
load.' The act of unloading the vessels, by 
blood-letting and the different evacuants. Also, 
inordinate evacuation. 
DEPLE'TORY, Deple'ting. Having relation 
to depletion :-as 'a depletory or depleting agent.' 
DEPLUMA'TIO, Ptilo'sis, from deplumis, (de 
and pluma,) ' without feathers.' A disease of the 
eyelids, in which they are swollen, and the eye- 
lashes fall out. See Madarosis. 
DEPOS'IT, Depos'itum, from depono, (de and 
potto, ' to lay or put,') ' to lay or put down.' (F.) 
Dep6t. Any thing laid or thrown down. In 
physiology and pathology, a structureless sub- 
stance, separated from the blood or other fluid, 
as the typhous, tuberculous, purulent, melanic, 
and diphtheritic deposits. 
Depos'it, Feculence. 
DEPOS'ITIVE, Depositi'vus, from deponere, 
(de and ponere,) to 'depose,' 'to put down.' An 
epithet used by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to express 
that condition of the membrane in which plastic 
lymph is exuded into the tissue of the derma, so 
as to give rise to the production of small hard 
elevations of the skin, or pimples. Under " de- 
posit ire inflammation of the derma," he comprises 
strophulus, lichen and prurigo. 
DEPf/T, Abscess, Sediment-d. Laiteuse sur 
la Cuisse, Phlegmatia dolens - d. de V Urine, Se- 
diment of the urine. 
DEPRAVATION', Deprava'tio, from de and 
ptratais, 'bad.' Perversion, corruption ;- as de- 
pravation of the taste, Ac. 
DEPREIIENSIO, Diagnosis, Epilepsy. 
DEPRES'SION, Depres'sio, Impres'sio, from 
deprimere, depressum (de, and premere,) ' to de- 
press ;' Esphia'sis. In Anatomy, it means an 
excavation, hollow, or fossa. In Surgery, it is 
applied to a fracture of the cranium, in' which 
the portions of fractured bone are forced inwards; 
(F.) Subgrondation, Entablement; called also' 
279 
DEPURATORY 
Catapi'esig, Campgig Depreg'gio, Thlaeig Depreg'- 
gio. Depreggion, (F.) Abaigeement, means Couch- 
ing.-See Cataract. 
Depression also means dejection or dejectedneaa 
-Ademon'ia, Ademo'gyne, Demig'gio animi. 
DEPR ESSO 1RE, Meningophylax. 
DEPRESS'OR, (F.) Abaiggeur. Same etymon. 
Several muscles have been so termed, because 
they depress the parts on which they act. 
Depressor Ala: Nasi, D. la'bii euperio'rig 
dlaque nagi, Incigi'vug me'diue, Myrtifor'mig, 
Depreggor Labii guperio'rig pro'priug, Congtrieto'- 
reg ala'rum nagi ac depreggo'reg la'bii guperio'rig, 
MaxiUo-alreoli-natal-part of the labialig, (Ch.,) 
(F.) Abaiggeur de Vaile du nez. It arises from 
the superior maxillary bone immediately above 
the junction of the gums with the two incisor 
and canine teeth; and passes upwards to be in- 
serted into the upper lip and root of the ala nasi, 
which it pulls downwards. 
Depressor An'guli Oris, Triangula'rig, De- 
preggor labio'rum commu'nie, Depreggor labiorum, 
(F.) Souemaxillo-labial, Maxilla-labial (Ch.), 
Abaiggeur de tangle deg levreg ou Muecle Trian- 
gulaire. A muscle, situate at the lower part of 
the face. Its form is triangular. It arises from 
the outer oblique line on the lower jawbone, and 
terminates in a point at the commissure of the 
lips, which it pulls downwards. 
Depressor La'bii Inferio'ris; Quadra'tug, 
Quadra'tug menti, Depreggor labii inferio'rig pro'- 
priug,- Mentonnier-labial, Mento-labial (Ch.), 
(F.) Carre du Menton, Houppe du Menton, Abaig- 
geur de la livre infirieure. A small, thin, and 
quadrilateral muscle, which arises from the ex- 
ternal oblique line of the lower jaw, and ascends 
to the lower lip, where it becomes confounded 
with the orbicularis oris. It pulls the lower lip 
downwards and outwards. 
Depressor Labii Superioris Proprius, D. 
Alae nasi - d. Labiorum communis, D. Anguli 
oris-d. Oeuli, Rectus inferior oculi. 
Depressor Pal'pebras Inferio'ris. A fleshy 
bundle, which forms part of the palpebralis 
muscle. Heister describes it separately, but it is 
not admitted now. 
DEPRESSORIUM, Meningophylax. 
DEPRIMENS AURICULAE, Retrahens auris 
- d. Maxillae biventer, Digastricus - d. Oculi, 
Rectus inferior oculi. 
DEPRIMENTIA, Sedatives. 
DEPURAN'TIA, from depurare, (de, and pu- 
rug,) 'to purify.' (F.) Dipuratift. Medicines 
were formerly so called, which were supposed to 
possess the property of removing, from the mass 
of blood or humours, those principles which dis- 
turbed their purity; and of directing them to- 
wards some one of the natural emunctories. The 
juices of what were called anti-scorbutic herbs, 
sulphur, and many other medicines, were ranked 
under this class. 
DEPURATIFS, Depurantia. 
DEPLRA'TION, Depura'tio. Same etymon. 
Catharig'mog, Munda'tio. In Pathology, depura- 
tion has been used for the process by which na- 
ture purifies the animal economy, either by the 
agency of some eruptive disease, or some sponta- 
neous evacuation, or by the assistance of medi- 
cine. See Clarification, and Depuratory. 
DEPURATIVE, Depuratory. 
DEP'URATORY. Same etymon. Depurato'- 
riug, Depurative. That which causes depuration, 
as the urinary and cutaneoug depurationg. Ap- 
plied, also, to diseases, which have been consi- 
dered capable of modifying the constitution ad- 
vantageously, by acting on the composition of 
the fluids - such as certain eruptions, intermit- DERADEN 
tents, Ac. The word is, also, appropriated to 
medicines and diet, by which the same effect is 
sought to be induced. 
DER'ADEN, from <5eph, 'the neck,' and a&nv, 
' a gland.' A gland in the neck. 
DERADENI'TIS, from Stpn, 'neck;' aiijv, 'a 
glandand itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the glands of the neck. 
DERADENON'CUS, from Sepn, 'the neck,' 
aSrjv, 'a gland,' and oyxoj, 'a swelling.' Tume- 
faction of the glands of the neck. 
DERANENCEPHA'LIA, from iipn, 'neck,' 
and anencephalia, ' absence of brain.' A mon- 
strosity in which only a small portion of the 
brain exists, resting on the cervical vertebrae - 
more properly derencepha'lia. 
DERANGED, Insane. 
DERANGEMENT, Insanity. 
DERBIA, Impetigo. 
DERENCEPHALIA, Deranencephalia. 
DERENCEPH'ALUS, from 'the neck,' 
and KctpaXri, 'head.' A monster whose brain is 
in the neck.-G. St. Hilaire. 
DERIS, Cutis. 
DERI VANS, Derivative. 
DERIVATIF, Derivative. 
DERIVA'TION, Deriva'tio, Deflec'tio, Paro- 
chetcu'sis, Antilep'sis, Antis'pasis, Revul'sion, 
Cura derivati'va seu revulso'ria, from de, and 
rivus, ' a river.' When a ' centre of fluxion' is 
established in a part, for the purpose of abstract- 
ing the excited vital manifestations from some 
other, a derivation is operated. 
The term Derivation has likewise been ap- 
plied to the suction power of the heart, - an 
agency in the circulation of the blood. 
DERIV'ATIVE, Deflec'tens, Deri'vane, Deri- 
vato'rius, from derivare, 'to drain off.' Antis- 
pas'ticus, Revel'lent, Revul' sive, Revulsi'vus, Re- 
vulso'rius, (F.) Derivatif, Revulsif. Same etymon. 
A remedy, which by producing a modified action 
in some organ or texture derives from the morbid 
condition of some other organ or texture. Re- 
vellents are amongst the most important reme- 
dies : they include, indeed, every physical and 
moral agent, which is capable of modifying the 
function of innervation, and therefore almost 
every article of the materia medica. The follow- 
ing is a list of the chief local Derivatives. 
1. Epispastics. - Acidum Aceticum, Acidum 
Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Allium, Ammo- 
nia, Ammoniacum, Asafoetida, Cantharis, Capsi- 
cum, Galbanum, Olea Essentialia, Pix Abietis, 
Sinapis, Caloric, Friction. 
2. Vesicants.-Ammonia, Argenti Nitras, Can- 
tharis, Cantharis Vittata, Hydrargyri lodidum 
rubrum, Ranunculus, Sinapis, Caloric. 
3. Suppurants.-Acida Mineralia, Antimonii 
et Potassee Tartras, Cantharis, Mezereum, Pix 
Abietis, Sabina, Tiglii Oleum, Fonticulus, Seta- 
ceum. 
4. - Escharotics. - A. Erodents. - Acidum 
Aceticum, Acida Mineralia, Alumen Exsiccatum, 
Argenti Nitras, Cupri Sub-Acetas, Cupri Sulphas, 
Sabina, Saccharum Purissimum.- 
B. Actual Cauterants. - Caloric, White Hot 
Iron, Moxa.- 
C. Potential Cauterants.-Acidum Arseniosum, 
Acidum Nitricum, Acidum Sulphuricum, Anti- 
monii Murias, Argenti Nitras, Calx, Potassa, 
Potassa cum Calce, Zinci Chloridum. 
DERIVATORIUS, Derivative. 
DERMA, Cutis. 
DERMAD, see Dermal Aspect. 
DERMAL, Dermic, Derma'lis, Der'micus, from 
htpua, ' the skin.' Relating or belonging to the 
skin. 
280 
DERONCUS 
Dermal Aspect. An aspect towards the skin 
or external surface.-Barclay. Dermad is used 
adverbially by the same writer to signify ' to- 
wards the dermal aspect.' 
DERMAL'GIA, Dermatal'gia, Dermatodyn'ia, 
from icpya, 'the skin,' and ahyos, 'pain.' Pain 
in the skin. Neuralgia of the skin. Rheumatic 
Dermalgia or Rheumatism of the skin is a form 
of neuralgia, which is referred, at times, to the 
nervous trunks, muscles, &c., but appears to be 
seated in the cutaneous nerves. 
DERMATAGRA, Pellagra. 
DERMATALGIA, Dermalgia. 
DERMATAUXE, Dermatophyma. 
DERMATIATRI'A, from Scppa, 'skin,' and 
carpcia, 'healing.' Healing of cutaneous diseases. 
The treatment of diseases of the skin. Diader- 
miatri'a, Dermot ocrati'a. 
DERMATITIS, Cytitis, Erysipelatous inflam- 
mation. 
DERMATOCHOLOSIS, Icterus. 
DERMATOCHYSIS, Anasarca. 
DERMATOCRATIA, see Dermatiatria. 
DERMATODES, Dermatoid. 
DERMATODYNIA, Dermalgia. 
DER'MATOID, Dermato'i'des, Dermato'des, 
Dermot'des, Dermo'des, Dermoid, from itp/xa, 'the 
skin,' and c<<5of, 'form.' That which is similar 
to the skin. This name is given to different tis- 
sues, which resemble the skin. The dura mater 
has been so called by some. 
Morbi dermato'des, chronic cutaneous diseases. 
DERMATOL'OGY, Dermatolog"ia, Dermol'- 
ogy, from iep/ia, 'the skin,' and Xoyoj, 'a dis- 
course.' A discourse or treatise of the skin. 
DERMATOPATHIA, Cutaneous disease. 
DERMATOPERISCLERISMUS, Induration 
of the cellular tissue. 
DERMATOPERISCLEROSIS, Induration of 
the cellular tissue. 
DERMATOPHY'MA, Dermataux'e, from Hepya, 
' skin,' and ipvpa, ' tumour.' A tumefaction of 
the skin.' 
DERMATOPIIYMATA VENEREA, Condy- 
lomata. 
DERMATORRHAG"IA, Dermatorrhoe'a, from 
iepya, 'skin,' and payri, 'rupture.' A discharge 
of blood from the skin. 
DERMATORRIHEA, Dermatorrhagia. 
DERMATOSCLEROSIS, Callosity. 
DERMATOSES, Cutaneous diseases. 
DERMATOSIES VEROLEUSES, Syphi- 
lides. 
DERMATOSPASMUS, Horrida cutis. 
DERMATOTYLOMA, Callosity. 
DERMATOTYLOSIS, Callosity. 
DERMATOTYLUS, Callosity. 
DERMIC, Der'micus, Dermat'icus, Dermati- 
nus, Dermatic, Dermal, Derma'lie; from Scppu, 
' skin.' Relating to the skin. 
DERMITIS, Cytitis. 
DERMODES, Dermatoid. 
DERMOG'RAPIIY,Dermo9ro/>A'ja,from ieppa, 
'the skin,' and ypa<j>u>, 'I describe.' An anato- 
mical description of the skin. 
DERMOHjE'MIA, from Stopa, 'skin,'and 
'atpa, ' blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of the 
skin. 
DERMOID, Dermatoid. 
DERMOLOGY, Dermatology. 
DERMO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
DERMO-S YPHIL IDES, Syphilidec. 
DERMOT'OMY, Dermotom'ia, from Seppa, 'the 
skin,' and -repvtiv, 'to cut.' The part of anatomy 
which treats of the structure of the skin. 
DERODYMUS, Dicephalus. 
DERONCUS, Bronchocele. DERTRON 
DERTRON. This word, which is used by 
Hippocrates, signified, according to some, the 
omentum or peritoneum, but according to others, 
the small intestine. See Epiploon. 
DESARTICULATION, (F.), from de, and 
articulus, 'ajoint.' Disjointing. A word used 
to express the part of the operation, in amputa- 
tion at an articulation, which consists in dividing 
the ligaments, and separating the articular sur- 
faces. The word has, also, been used for that 
kind of anatomical preparation, the object of 
which is to separate the different bones of the 
skeleton, and especially those of the head. 
DESCALORINESES, from de, 'from,' and 
calor, 'heat.' A name given by Baumes to dis- 
eases which are characterized by diminished heat. 
DESCEMET, MEMBRANE OF, see Aqueous 
Humour, and Cornea. 
DESCEMETI'TIS. A term improperly formed, 
and really signifying 'inflammation of Descemet.' 
Inflammation of the membrane of Descemet. 
DESCENDENS NONI, see Hypoglossus. 
DESCENSIO, Catabasis. 
DESCENSUS, Catabasis - d. Testiculorum, 
Orchido-catabasis. 
DESCENTS, Hernia-d. de la Matrice, Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 
DESECTUS, Castratus. . 
DESENFLURE, Detumescence. 
DESICCANTIA, Desiccativa. 
DESICCATIO, Draining. 
DESICCATION, Drying. 
DESICCATI'VA, Desican'tia, Siccan'tia, Ex- 
ticcati'va, from desiccare, (de, and siccare,) 'to 
dry up.' (F.) DIssiccatifs. Remedies, which, 
when applied externally, dry up the humours or 
moisture from a wound. 
DESIPIENTIA, Delirium. 
DESIRE, Libido - d. Venereal, Appetite, ve- 
nereal, see Libido. 
DES'MA, Des'me, Des'mus. A bandage, align- 
ment. Hence : 
DESMATUR'GIA, from Seapa, 'bandage,' and 
cpyov, 'work.' The doctrine of the application 
of bandages. Bandaging. 
DESMEDION, Fasciculus. 
DESMEUX, Ligamentous. 
DESMI'TIS, Desmophlogo'sis, Desmophlog"ia, 
from icaiiri, ' a ligament,' and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of ligaments. 
DESMOCHAUNO'SIS, from icapos, 'ligament,' 
and 'relaxation.* Relaxation of an ar- 
ticular ligament. 
DESMODYN'IA, from teapn, 'ligament,' and 
tiwn, 'pain.' Pain in the ligaments. 
DESMOG'RAPHY, Desmngraph'ia, from iur- 
pn, 'a ligament,' and ypu0>?, 'a description.' An 
anatomical description of the ligaments. 
DESMOID TISSUE, from Scapo;, 'alignment,' 
and ei<5os, 'shape.') Ligamen'tous Tissue, Textus 
desmo'sus. This tissue is very generally diffused 
over the human body; has a very close connexion 
with the areolar tissue, and is continuous with it 
in divers places. It constitutes the ligaments, 
aponeuroses, <tc. 
DESMOL'OGY, Desmolog"ia, from 'a 
ligament,' and Xoyof, 'a discourse,' 'a treatise.' 
That part of anatomy which describes the liga- 
ments. 
DESMOPHLOGIA, Desmitis. 
DESMORRHEX'IS, from ietrpoi, 'a ligament,' 
and pr?f<$, 'rupture.' Rupture of an articular 
ligament. 
DESMOS, Ligament. 
DESMOSUS. Ligamentous. 
_ DESMOT'OMY, Desmotom'ia, from ictrpos, 'a 
ligament,' and rtpvuv, 'to cut.' The part of 
281 
DETRUNCATION 
anatomy which teaches thj mode of dissecting 
the ligaments. 
DESOBSTRUANT, Deobstruent. 
DESOBSTRUCTIF, Deobstruent. 
DESOPILATIF, Deobstruent. 
DESORGANISA TION, Disorganization. 
DESOXYGENESES, from de, and oxygen. 
M. Baumes includes under this title an order of 
diseases, which he considers dependent upon a 
diminution in the quantity of the oxygen neces- 
sary for the animal economy. 
DESPOTATS, (F.) Infirm soldiers, formerly 
charged with the office of removing the wounded 
from the field of battle : perhaps from desporta'- 
tor, ' one who bears away.' The class of Despo- 
tats was introduced by Leo VI., at the commence- 
ment of the 9th century. 
DESPUMA'TION, Despuma'tio, Apapbris'mos, 
Epaphris'mos, from despumare, [de, and spuma,) 
'to skim' 'to remove the froth.' The separation 
of the lioth and other impurities, which rise, by 
the action of the fire, to the surface of any fluid. 
DESQUAMA'TION, Desquama'tio Cutis, Ec- 
lep'isis, Aposyr'ma, Apolep'isis, Apolepis'mus, 
Moulting, from desquamare, (de, and squama, 'a 
scale,') ' to scale off.' Exfoliation, or separation 
of the epidermis, in the form of scales, of a greater 
or less size. This affection is a common conse 
quence of exanthematous diseases. 
DESQUAMATORIUS, Exfoliative. 
DESSECHEMENT, Atrophy, Draining. 
DESSICATIFS, Desicativa. 
DESTILLATIO, Coryza, Distillation-d. Pec- 
toris, Catarrh. 
DESTRUCTIO, Diaphthora. 
DESUDA'TIO, Ephidro'sis, Sudam'ina, Hi- 
dro'a, from desudare, (de, and sudare, 'to sweat.') 
Desudation means a profuse and inordinate sweat- 
ing, a mucksweat; but, most commonly, the term 
is applied to an eruption of small pimples, similar 
to millet seed, which appears chiefly on children, 
and is owing to want of cleanliness. 
DESYMPHYSER, see Symphyseotomy. 
DETENTIO, Catalepsy. 
DETERGENS, Abstergent. 
DETER'GENTS, from detergere, (de, and ter- 
gere, 'to clean,') 'to cleanse.' Detergen'Ga, De- 
terso'ria, Extergen'tia, Abstergen'tia, Abstersi'va, 
Absterso'ria, Abluen'tia, Traumat'ica, Smec'- 
tica, Emundan'tia, Mundificati'va, Mundifican'- 
tia, Rhyp'tica, Abster'sives, (F.) Detersifs, Mundi- 
ficatifs. Medicines, which possess the power to 
deterge or cleanse parts, as wounds, ulcers, Ac. 
They belong to the class of stimulants, or to that 
of emollients. 
DETERMINA'TION, Determina'tio, from de, 
and terminus, ' a boundary.' Strong direction to 
a given point; - as 'a determination of blood to 
the head.' • 
DETERSIFS, Detergents. 
DETERSORIA, Detergents. 
DETERSO'RIUM, from detergere, 'to cleanse.' 
The place, in ancient bathing establishments, 
where the bather was cleansed and dried. 
DETESTATIO, Castratio. 
DETORSE, Sprain. 
DETRACTIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
DETRI'TUS, from detereve, (de, and terere,) 
'to bruise or wear out.' The residuum, occupying 
the place of the organic texture of parts which 
have undergone disorganization. 
DETROIT ABDOMINALE, Pelvis (brim)- 
d. Inferieur, Pelvis (outlet) - d. Perineal, Pelvit 
(outlet)-d. Superieur, Pelvis (brim.) 
DETRONCATION, Detruncatio. 
DETRUNCA'TION, Detrunca'tio, (Y.)D6tron- 
cation, from de, and truncus, ' a trunk.' Separa- DETR.USION 
tion of the trunk from the head of the foetus, the 
latter remaining in the uterus. 
DETRU'SION, Detru'sio; same etymon as the 
next. The act of thrusting or forcing down or 
away. Applied by Dr. Walshe to lateral displace- 
ment of the heart by extraneous pressure. 
DETRU'SOR URI'NJE, Protru'sor, from de- 
trudere, (de, and trudere,) 'to thrust down or 
from.' The muscular coat of the urinary bladder 
was formerly so called. It was, also, named 
Constrictor Vesi'ca Urina'riae. 
DE TUMESCENCE (F.), Detumescen'tia, from 
detumere, (de, and tumere,) ' to cease to swell.' A 
diminution of swelling. This word has nearly 
the same signification as the French word Dfsen- 
flure. The latter is, however, more particularly 
applied to the diminution of oedema or anasarca; 
the former, to the resolution of a tumour properly 
so called. 
DEUNX. The ancient name of a weight of 11 
ounces, supposing the pound to consist of 12. 
DEURENS (FEBRIS,) Causus. 
DEUS COPULATIONIS, Cupido. 
DEUTERANCEA, Dementia. 
DEUTERI'A, from tavrspof, 'the second.' Vo- 
gel has used this term for the symptoms produced 
by retention of the secundines. The word was 
also applied, by the Greeks, to a second or infe- 
rior wine. 
DEUTERION, Secundines. 
DEUTEROPATHI'A, HysteropatUi'a, Morbus 
fecunda'rius,. from Sivrepos, 'the second,' and 
ira$os, ' disease.' A secondary disease. One pro- 
duced by another, and of which it is only, in 
some measure, symptomatic, or the sympathetic 
effect. 
DEUTEROS'COPY, Deuteroscop'ia, from iev- 
repos, ' the second,' and ckokcu, ' I view.' Se- 
cond sight. A fancied power of seeing future 
things or events. 
DEUTO, Snrepos, 'second.' A prefix denoting 
two, or double,-as deutoxide, having two degrees 
of oxidation. 
DEVELOPMENT, Evolu'tio, from (F.) deve- 
lopper, 'to unfold.' In Physiology, it means 
growth or increase; and in Pathology, its signi- 
fication is similar. By development of the pulse, 
e. g. is understood an increase in its strength and 
fulness. Diseases of development, Morbi evolu- 
tio'nis, are such as are peculiar to the period of 
growth. 
'Taking Developments.' A term used by 
practical craniologists to signify the act of mea- 
suring prominences of the skull, which are re- 
garded by them as indicating the size of corre- 
sponding cerebral organs. 
Development, Vesicle of, see Vesicle of De- 
velopment. 
DEVERTICULUM, Diverticulum. 
DEVIA'TION, Devia'tio, from de, 'from,' and 
via, ' the way.' Out of the way. By this word 
is meant - a vicious curvature of the spine or 
other bones; - faulty direction of the teeth or 
other part; - the passage of blood, bile, urine, 
milk, Ac., into vessels not natural to them. 
DE VIATION DES HIGGLES, Menstruation 
(vicarious.) 
DEVIL IN A BUSH, Nigella-d. Bit, Vera- 
trum viride. 
DEVIL'S BIT, Aletris farinosa, Scabiosa suc- 
cisa, Chamaelirium luteum - d. Bite, Liatris - d. 
Dung, Asafoetida-d. Shoestrings, Galega Virgi- 
nian a. 
DEVIRGINATIO, Defloration, Stuprum. 
DE VOIEMENT, Diarrhoea. 
282 
DIABETES 
DEWBERRY, AMERICAN, see Rubus ctesius 
-d. Plant, Rubus caesius. 
DEWCLAWS, Crusta genu equinae. 
DEXIS, Degmus. 
DEXOCAR'DIA, from Sd-to;, 'right,' and zap- 
iia, 'the heart.' A case in which the heart is 
found to beat on the right side. It is met with 
occasionally in pleurisy and pneumothorax. 
DEX'TANS. A weight of 10 ounces, suppos- 
ing the pound to consist of 12. 
DEXTERINA, Dextrine. 
DEXTRAD, from dexter, 'right-handed.' A 
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
' towards the dextral aspect.' See Mesial. 
Dextral Aspect, see Mesial. 
DEXTRAL'ITY, from dexter, 'right.' The 
state of being on the right side. Right-handed- 
ness. The state of being right-handed. 
DEXTRIN, Dextrine, Dextri' num, Dexteri'na, 
British gum, from dexter, 'right-handed.' So 
called, from its refracting the rays, in the polari- 
zation of light, more to the right hand than any 
substance known. A substance obtained by the 
continued action of diluted sulphuric acid upon 
starch at the boiling point. It is used in the 
treatment of fractures, by the 'immovable appa- 
ratus.' The bandages are soaked in a solution, 
in water, of the dextrine - previously moistened 
thoroughly with tincture of camphor, to prevent 
it from leaking when the water is added. The 
solution should be of the consistence of molasses. 
DEXTRINUM, Dextrine. 
DI, St, Sit, 'bis, twice, double.* Hence, Dicro- 
tus, Digastricus, &e. 
DIA, Sta, in composition, ' through, asunder, 
out of, separated.' When prefixed to any thera- 
peutical agent, it meant, in ancient pharmacy, a 
preparation into which that agent entered. 
DIABEBOS, Astragalus, Malleolus. 
DIABETE, Diabetes-d. Chyleux, Chyluria- 
d. Faux, see Diabetes-d. Insipide, see Diabetes 
-d. Sucre, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
DIABE'TES, from Sta, ' through,' and ffatvu, 
' I pass.' Vri'nce profits'vium, Hyperdiure'sin, 
Sipho uri'nce, Urorrhag"ia, Polyu'ria, Hydrops 
ad mat'ulam, H. Matel'lae, Polyure'sis, Uroze'ntia, 
Ureorrhoe' a, Dip'sacos, Diarrha:'a in Urind, D. 
urino'sa, (F.) Diabite, Flux d'Urine. A disease, 
characterized by great augmentation and often 
manifest alteration in the secretion of urine ; with 
excessive thirst, and progressive emaciation. Cul- 
len has described two species:-Diabetes insip'- 
idtts and D. Melli'tus ; the former, (F.) Diabete 
faux ou insipide, Diabite, being, simply, a super- 
abundant discharge of limpid urine, of its usual, 
urinary taste: the latter, D. Melli'tus, called,also, 
Paru'ria Melli'ta, Diabetes An'glictts, D. vents, 
Melitu'ria, Glucosu'ria, Glycyrrhce'a urino'sa, 
Uroze'mia melli'ta, Saccharorrhoe'a urino'sa, 
Phthisu'ria, Uro-phthi' sis, Tabes diuret'iea s«u 
diabe'tiea, Dyspep'sia saccharig"ena, Apoceno'- 
sis Diabetes Melli'tus, Sac'charine diabetes, (F.) 
Diabete sucri, Hyperurorrhee saccharine, Phthi- 
surie sucrfe, - falls under the definition given 
above. The quantity of urine, discharged in the 
24 hours, is sometimes excessive, amounting to 
30 pints and upwards; each pint containing 
sometimes 21 oz. saccharine matter. This re- 
places the urea, which is not found in quantity 
in the urine of those labouring under diabetes. 
Where the disease is situate is not clear. The 
whole system of nutrition, however, seems to be 
morbidly implicated. A part of the urine must 
be formed at the expense of the system, as the 
egesta frequently far exceed the solid and liquid 
ingesta. On dissection, no morbid appearance is 
met with, sufficient to enable us to fix on the seat 
of this distressing affection. DIABETIC 
All the remedies that have been tried have 
usually been found insufficient in D. Mellitus. 
D. insip'idus, Hi/perure'ain aquo'sa, Hydru'ria, 
Hydrure'sis, Paru'ria incon'tinens aquo'sa, Dia- 
be'tes spu'rius, Urorrhoe'a, U'real Diabetes, (F.) 
Polyurie, Hyperurrorrhte, Diabite insipide, Faux 
diabite, which occurs in hysterical habits, and 
has, hence, been called D. hyster'icus, is of com- 
paratively trifling moment. Exclusive diet, and 
attention to the state of the cutaneous transpira- 
tion, which have sometimes produced good effects 
in D. Mellitus, have most commonly failed. 
Diabetes Anglicus, see Diabetes - d. Chylo- 
sus, Chyluria-d. Insipidus, see Diabetes - d. 
Lactea, Chyluria-d. Mellitus, see Diabetes-d. 
Spurius, see Diabetes - d. Ureal, see Diabetes- 
d. Verus, Diabetes (mellitus.) 
DIABET'IC, Diabe'ticus, Same etymon. Re- 
lating to diabetes. 
Diabetic Sugar, Glucose. 
DIABOT'ANUM, from ha, and ffoTavr), 'an 
herb.' A medicine, prepared with herbs.-Galen. 
DIABROSIS, Erosion, Corrosion. 
DIABRO'TICUS, from ha, and 'I eat 
or corrode.' A substance, capable of causing ero- 
sion of the part to which it is applied. It ordina- 
rily means a medicine, whose activity places it 
between escharotics and caustics. See Corrosive. 
DIACAR'YON, from ha, and Kapuov, ' a nut.' 
Jlob nucum. The rob of nuts or of walnuts. 
DIACASSIA CUM MANNA, Confectio cassias. 
DIACATHOL'ICON, Diacathol'icum, from ha, 
and kuSoXikos, ' universal.' The name of a purge, 
so called from its general usefulness. It was an 
electuary, and composed of the pulp of cassia, 
tamarinds, leaves of senna, root of polypody, flow- 
ers of the violet, rhubarb root, aniseed, suyar, 
liquorice, and fennel. , 
DIACAU'SIS, from haicawn, 'I burn.' Exces- 
tive heat. Over-heating. 
DIACAUST'IC, Diacaust'icus. Same etymon. 
That which is caustic by refraction ; as a double 
convex lens, which has been sometimes used for 
cauterizing an ulcer by directing the sun's rays 
upon it. 
DIACELTATESSON PARACELSI, Pulvis 
Cornachini. 
DIACHALA'SIS, from 'to be open 
or relaxed." Hippocrates uses this word for frac- 
ture of the bones of the skull; or for relaxation 
and separation of the sutures, in consequence of 
a wound of the head.-Hippocrates. 
DIACHALCIT'EOS, from ha, and 
' chalcitis or colcothar.' A plaster, whose com- 
position is the same as that of the diapalma, 
except that, in place of the sulphate of zinc, a 
mixture of oil and colcothar is substituted. 
DIACHEIRIS'MOS, Diacheir'isis, Tracta'tio 
manna'ria, from ha, and 'the hand.' The 
preparation, administration, and dispensing of 
medicines.-Hippocrates. 
DIACHORE'MA, Diachore'sis, from 
' I separate from.' Every kind of excreted mat- 
ter and excretion; but more particularly the 
faeces and alvine excretion. - Foesius, Gorraeus. 
Seo Excrement. 
Diachorema Xysmatodes, see Ramenta intes- 
tinorum. 
DIACHORESIS, Excretion. 
DIACHRISIS, Inunction. 
DIAC HRIST'A, from ha, and 'I anoint.' 
Medicines, applied as abstergents to the velum 
nalati, the palate itself, the tongue, <tc. Pro- 
bably gargles.-Paulus of ASgina. 
DIACH'YLON, Diach'ylun, Emplas'trum di- 
uch'ylon, from ha, and %vXos, 'juice;' i. e. com- 
283 
DLERESIS 
posed of juices. The plaster of this name wag 
formerly made of certain juices. The term is 
now confined to the Emplastrum Plumbi or 
Lead Plaster. 
Diachylon cum Gummi, Emplastrum gummo- 
sum-d. Gomme, Emplastrum cum gummi-resin;s 
-d. Gum, Emplastrum gummosum-d. Magnum 
cum gummi, Emplastrum galbani comp.-d. Sim- 
plex, Emplastrum plumbi-d. White, Emplastrum 
plumbi-d. Yellow, Emplastrum gummosum. 
DIACIIYT'ICA, from <5ia, and 'I pour 
out.' Medicines which discuss tumours. 
DIACINE'MA, from ha, and kivcu>, 'I move.' 
A slight dislocation. - Celsus, Galen. A sub- 
luxation. 
DIACLASIS, Refraction. 
DIAC'LYSIS, Diaclys'mus, from ha, and <cAt>- 
£civ, 'to wash out.' Rinsing or cleansing-espe- 
cially of the mouth. 
DIACLYSMA, Gargarism. 
DIACOCCYMELON, Diaprunum. 
DIACODION, Syrupus papaveris. 
DIACO'DIUM, Confec'tioex Capit'ibus Papav'- 
eris, from ha, and Kwha, 'a poppyhead.' (F.) 
Diacode. The ancients had various forms for 
preparing it. The Syrup of Poppies-Syr'upus 
Papav'eris seu Diaco'dion - is now substituted 
for it. 
DIACOPE, Abscission, Dissection, Intersection. 
Diac'ope, En'cope, from ha, and Konreiv, 'to 
cut.' A cut, incision, fissure, or longitudinal 
fracture. When used, since Galen, it generally 
signifies an oblique incision, made in the cranium 
by a sharp instrument, without the piece being 
removed. It is not now employed. 
Diac'ope Cra'nii, Praecis'io seu Dissec'tio 
Cra'nii. Opening the head; and separation of 
the bones of the cranium. 
DIACOPRAS'GIA, from ha, Koitpo;, 'excre- 
ment,' and aif, aiyog, ' a goat.' A name given, 
in Blancard's Lexicon, to a medicine, composed 
of goat's dung, which the ancients praised in dis- 
eases of the spleen, parotids, <fcc. 
DIAC'RISES, from ha, and koivw, 'I separate.' 
A class of diseases characterized by alterations 
of secretion.-Gendrin. 
DIACRIT'ICA SIG'NA. Same etymon. 
Signs by which one disease can be accurately 
discriminated from another:-differen'tial diaq- 
no'sis. 
DIACYDONITES, Cydoniatum. 
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA, Geoffnea 
vermifuga. 
DIADE'MA, Fascia cap'itis, Redimic'ulum, 
from hahu, (ha, and hiv, ' to bind.') ' I sur- 
round.' A sort of bandage; advised in headach, 
in which relaxation of the sutures was appre- 
hended.-Forestus. 
DIADEX'IS, Diad'ocbe, Metatopto' sis, from 
(ha, and 'to take or receive.') 
' I transfer,' ' I succeed to.' A transformation 
of a disease into another, differing from the 
former both in its nature and seat 
DIADOCIIE, Diadexis. 
DIAD'OSIS, from hahiupt, 'to distribute.' 
In some authors, it means the distribution of 
nutritive matter over the whole body,-in other 
words, nutrition ; whilst, in others, it is synony- 
mous with the remission or cessation of a disease. 
from <5i, 'double,' and aiioia, 'the 
parts of generation.' A monster whose organs 
of generation and urinary bladder are double. It 
has only been observed in animals. 
DRE'RESIS, from haiptu, (ha, and a<pcw, 'I 
take away,') 'I divide,' 'I separate.' A division 
or solution of continuity. A surgical operation, DLERETICUS 
which consists in dividing any part of the body. 
n&morrhag"ia per dice'resin is hemorrhage ow- 
ing to separation or division of vessels. 
Dieresis Ungulas, Onychoptosis. 
Caustic. 
DIJETA, Diet-d. Lactea, Galactodiaeta. 
DLETE'MA has the same signification as 
diet, with most authors. Galen gives it a more 
extensive meaning, comprising, under it, what 
constitutes Hygiene. 
DRETEITCA, Dietetics. 
DIAGNOSE, Diagnosticate. 
DIAGNO'SIS, Digno'tio, Diagnos'tice, Depre- 
hen'sio, from iia, and yivoaxw, ' I know.' Discri- 
mination, (F.) Diagnose, Diagnostique. That part 
of medicine whose object is the discrimination of 
diseases, the knowledge of the pathognomonic 
signs of each. It is one of the most important 
branches of general pathology. 
Diagnosis, Differential, see Diacritiea signa. 
DIAGNOS'TIC, Discreti'vus, Diagnos'ticus ; 
same etymon. A symptom which is characteris- 
tic of a disease. 
DIAGNOS'TICATE, - sometimes diagnose. 
To discriminate one disease or phenomenon from 
another. 
DIAGRYDIUM, Convolvulus scammonia. 
Diagryd'ium Cydonia'tum, from diagrydium, 
'scammony,' and cydonium, 'quince.' A phar- 
maceutical preparation, obtained by inspissating 
and drying, by means of heat, two parts of scam- 
mony and one of quince juice. It was formerly 
used as an energetic purgative. 
Diagryd'ium Glycyrrhiza'tum. An analo- 
gous preparation, containing extract of liquorice 
in place of quince juice. 
Diagryd'ium Sulphura'tum. Scammony, 
which has been exposed to the vapour of burning 
sulphur. These diagrydia are not now used. 
DTALEIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermission. 
DIALEIPYRA, Intermittent fever. 
DIALEMMA, Apyrexia. 
DIALEP'SIS, Intercep'tio, from biaXaiiftava, 'I 
intercept.' - Hippocrates employs this word for 
the interstices, or intervals, left between the turns 
of a bandage. 
DIALIPSIS, Apyrexia, Intermissio. 
DIAL'YSIS, Dissolu'tio, from iia, and Xvais, 
' solution.' A dissolution or loss of strength. 
Resolu'tio vir'ium. Weakness of the limbs. 
Also, a solution of continuity. 
DIAMANT, Diamond. 
DIAMASTEMA, Masticatory. 
DIAM'BRJE SPE'CIES. A name given by 
the ancients to powders, one of which bore the 
name - Spe'cies diam'brce sine odora'tis, - the 
other, that of Spe'cies diam'brce, cum odora'tis. 
The former was composed of cinnamon, angelica 
root, cloves, mace, nutmeg, galanga, cardamom, 
and numerous other substances; the latter, be- 
sides, had ambergris and musk. These powders 
were used as tonics, in cases of debility of the 
stomach, and in certain nervous affections. 
DIAMNES, Enuresis. 
DI'AMOND, Ad'amas, from a, privative, and 
bafiaw, 'I conquer.' 'Invincible;' (F.) Diamant. 
So called from its hardness. It is the most pre- 
cious of all stones, and was formerly conceived 
to possess extraordinary cordial virtues. 
DIAMO'RUM, Rob ex moris, from iia, and 
uwpov, 'a mulberry.' An ancient syrup prepared 
with honey and mulberry juice. It was em- 
ployed as a gargle in sore throat.-Galen. 
DIAMOTO'SIS, from yores, 'charpie,' 'lint.* 
The introduction of lint into an ulcer or wound. 
DIANA, Argentum. 
DIANANCAS'MUS, from Sia, and 
284 
DIAPHRAGM 
'I force.' Coaptation, reduction of a fractured 
or luxated limb. 
DIANOEMA, Imagination. 
DIAN'TIIUS CARYOPHYL'LUS, from 
'Jove.'(?) avSos, 'flower,' and caryophyllum, 
' the clove.' Clove Pink. Also called Caryo- 
phyl'lum rubrum, Tu'nica, Tu'nica horten'sis, T. 
rubra, Caryophyl'lus horten'sis, Clove July flower, 
Gil'lifloiver, Carna'tion. Order, Caryophylleae. 
(F.) CEillet giroflee. The flowers were once 
much used; but are now only employed in 
syrup, as a useful and pleasant vehicle for other 
medicines. 
DIAPAL'MA, Phcenic"ium Emplas'trum. A 
plaster composed of equal parts of litharge, olive 
oil, axunge, water, a certain quantity of sulphate 
of zinc dissolved in water, and white wax. It is 
classed amongst the topical, desiccative, emol- 
lient, resolvent, detersive, and cicatrizing medi- 
cines. Mixed with a quarter of its weight of 
olive oil, it acquires the consistence of an oint- 
ment, and forms the Cerate of Diapal'ma. 
DIAPASMA, Catapasma. 
DIAPEDE'SIS, Transuda'tio, Persuda'tio, 
Persulta'tio, from ha-rflau>, 'I leap through.' 
Exhalation, as of blood, in the form of dew, at 
the surface of the skin, or of any membrane; 
Sweating of blood, (F.) Sueur de Sang, Hcemor- 
rhag"ia per diapede' sin, Hcematopede' sis, Hami- 
dro'sis. 
DIAPENSIA CORTUSA, Sanicula. 
DIAPEN'TES or DIAPENTE, from ha, and 
mvrri, ' five.' A medicine composed of five in- 
gredients. See Diatessaron. 
DIAPHQE'NICON, Diaphoe'nix, Medicamen'- 
turn ex Pal'mulis, from ha, and ' a date.' 
A drastic electuary, of which the date was the 
chief excipient. 
DIAPHORE'SIS, from (ha, and 
'I convey,') 'I dissipate.' A greater de- 
gree of perspiration than natural, but less than in 
sweating. Every kind of cutaneous evacuation. 
DIAPHORET'IC. Same etymon; Diapno'- 
icus, Diaphoret'icus. A medicine which excites 
diaphoresis. Diaphoretics are very uncertain as 
a class. The following is a list of the most re- 
puted :-Ammoniae Acetatis Liquor; Ammonias 
Carbonas; Antimonialis pulvis; Antimonii et 
Potassae Tartras; Antimonii Sulphuretum prae- 
cipitatum; Asclepias tuberosa; Camphora; Con- 
trayerva; Dulcamara; Eupatorium perfoliatum ; 
Guaiaci Lignum ; Guaiaeum ; Ipecacuanha; Me- 
zereum; Opium, and its active principle Mor- 
phia; Sarsaparilla; Sassafras; Serpentaria; Spi- 
ritus AStheris Nitrici; Sulphur; Xanthoxylum; 
Caloric; Exercise, (active;) and Friction. 
The epithet Diaphoretic has also been given, 
by some, to continued fever, accompanied with 
constant perspiration. 
Diaphoretic, Mineral, Antimonium diapho- 
reticum. 
DIAPHORETICUM JOVIALE, see Anti- 
hectic. 
DI'APHRAGM, Diaphrag'ma, Diaphrax'is, 
Respirato'rium Ventris, Discrete'rium, Phrenes, 
Septum transver'sum, Discri'men Thora'cis et 
Ventris, Disceptum, Cine'tus, Diazo'ma, Proe- 
cinc'tus, Diazos'ma, Diazos'tra, Hypezo'cus, Hy- 
pozo'ma, Perizo'ma, Dissep'tum, Dissip'ium, Proe- 
cor'dia, Succin'gens membra'na vel mue'cuius, 
Succinc'tus, Succinctu'ra, the Midriff, from ha, 
'between,' and Qpaaau, 'I close.' A large, azy- 
gous muscle ; stretched transversely between the 
thoracic and abdominal cavities, which it sepa- 
rates from each other; tendinous in the centre; 
thin, almost circular, and unequally convex, up- 
wards. It is fleshy at its circumference, which 
is attached to the cartilago ensiformis, to the DIAPHRAGMA AURIS 
ln,,t six ribs, to the aponeurosis stretched from 
the last rib to the transverse process of the first 
lumbar vertebra; and, lastly, to the bodies of the 
first three or four lumbar vertebra}. When it 
contracts, its fibres become straight, the chest is 
enlarged, and the abdomen diminished. It is 
then an inspiratory muscle. It may, also, dimi- 
nish the capacity of the chest, and be an expira- 
tory muscle. This muscle plays an important 
part in sighing, yawning, coughing, sneezing, 
laughing, sobbing, crying, hiccoughing, singing, 
vomiting, the excretion of the faeces and urine, 
the expulsion of the foetus, <tc. 
DIAPHRAGMA AURIS, see Tympanum-d. 
Cerebri, Tentorium - d. Narium, Septum narium 
d. Ventriculorum lateralium cerqbri, Septum lu- 
cidum. 
DIAPIIRAGMAL 'GIA, Diaphragmatal'gia, 
from icaippay/ia, ' the diaphragm,' and aXyoj, 
' pain.' Pain in the diaphragm. 
DIAPHRAGMATALGIA, Diaphragmalgia. 
DIAPHRAGMAT'IC, Diaphragmat'icus. Be- 
longing to the diaphragm. A name given to 
several vessels and nerves. 
Diaphragmat'ic or Phrenic Ar'teries. These 
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
former, called, also, supradiaphragmat' ic, are two 
in number, one on each side. They arise from 
the internal mammary, and descend along the 
phrenic nerve, to be distributed on the upper 
surface of the diaphragm. The latter, or infra- 
diaphragmat'ic, are also two in number. They 
arise from the upper part of the abdominal aorta, 
or from the coeliac artery, and divide into two 
principal branches, which are distributed on the 
lower surface of the diaphragm and in its sub- 
stance. 
The superior diaphragmatic veins follow the 
same course as the arteries, and empty them- 
selves- the right, into the vena cava superior; 
the left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. 
The two inferior diaphragmatic veins open into 
the vena cava inferior. 
Diaphragmat'ic Her'nia, Phrenic Hernia, 
Diaphragmatoce'le. The abdominal viscera are 
occasionally protruded through the diaphragm, 
either through some of the natural apertures in 
the muscle, or through deficiencies, or wounds, 
or lacerations in it. 
Diaphragmatic or Phrenic Nerves, Inter- 
nal respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, are two in 
number; one on the left side, the other on the 
right. They arise from the second and third 
nerves of the cervical plexus, about the middle 
of the neck, and receive two or three filaments 
from the brachial plexus, after which they de- 
scend into the chest at the sides of the pericar- 
dium, and are distributed on the diaphragm. 
Diaphragmat'ic Plex'uses are two in num- 
ber; one right, and the other left. They arise 
from the upper part of the solar plexus, by a 
small number of branches, which are distributed 
to the diaphragm, following exactly the branches 
of the inferior diaphragmatic arteries. 
Diaphragmat'ic Ring, (F.) Anneau diaphrag- 
matique of Chaussier, is a name given to the 
irregularly quadrilateral aperture by which the 
vena cava inferior passes through the diaphragm. 
DIAPHRAGMATITIS, Diaphragmitis. 
DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, see Hernia. 
DIA1 HRAGMI'TIS, from 'the di- 
aphragm, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
tion. Diaphragmati'tis, Inflamma'tio septi trans- 
ver'si, Paraphreni'tis, Empresnia Pleuri'tis Lia- 
phragmat'ica, Paraphrene'sis Diaphragmat'ica 
Inflammation of the Di'aphragm. The terms' 
Paraphreni'tis and Paraphrene'sis have been 
obtained from the Peripatetic philosophy, which 
285 
DIARRHOEA 
supposed the seat of the tpprjv, or soul, to bo the 
praecordia. The essential symptoms of diaphrag- 
mitis are :-painful constriction around the prae- 
cordia, with small, quick, laborious breathing. It 
is a rare disease. 
DIAPHRATTON HYMEN, Mediastinum-d. 
Membrana, Mediastinum. 
DIAPHRAXIS, Diaphragm. 
DIAPH'THORA, Destruc'tio, from ha, and 
</>5c<p£iv, ' to corrupt.' Corruption in general ; 
more especially corruption of the foetus in utero. 
Hippocrates. Also, corruption of the blood in 
the stomach.-Galen. See Abortion. 
DIAPHYLACTIC, Prophylactic. 
DIAPH'YSIS, from ha<i>va, 'I rise between.' 
Interstit''ium, Discrimina'tio : ' an interstice, in- 
terval, division.' Any thing that separates two 
bodies. Also, the middle part or body of a long 
bone, Corpus Ossis. One of the ligaments of the 
knee.-Hippocrates, Par6. 
DIA'PIA. Some lexicographers use this word 
synonymously with Diapyesis or Suppuration, 
others have employed it in opposition to Myopia. 
DIAPLASIS, Conformation, Reduction. 
DIAPLASMUS, Conformation, Reduction. 
DIAPNEUSIS, Perspiration. 
DIAPNOE, Perspiration. 
DIAPNCEA, Perspiration. 
DIAPNOGENOUS APPARATUS, see Per- 
spiration. 
DIAPNOICUS, Diaphoretic. 
DIAPOPHYSES, Transverse processes of the 
vertebrae. 
DIAPORE'MA. Anxiety, jactitation; from 
3ia7rop£w, ' I doubt.' 
DIAPRU'NUM, Diacoccyme'lon. A purgative 
electuary, of which the pulps of prunes and rhu- 
barb formed the basis. By adding to the dia- 
prunum simplex a 24th part of powdered scam- 
mony, the Diapru'num resoluti'vum seu compos'- 
itum was formed. It was more active than the 
former. 
DIAPYEMA, Empyema, Suppuration. 
DIAPYESIS, Suppuration - d. Oculi, Hypo- 
pyon. 
DIAPYET'ICA, Dyapye'mata, from hairvnya, 
hairvqais, (ha, and ttvov, 'pus,') 'suppuration.' 
Medicines which promote suppuration. 
DIAPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
DIARJE'MIA, (F.) Diaremie, from ha, 
' through,' p£o», ' I flow,' and 'aipa, ' blood.' A 
pathological condition, said to be common in 
sheep, in which the globules of the blood are di- 
minished* in quantity; the blood itself thinner, 
and transuding through the coats of the vessels 
into the cavities.-Delafore. 
DIAREMIE, Diaraemia. 
DIARIA, Ephemera. 
DIARRHAGE, Fracture. 
DIARRIHE'A, from ha, 'through,' and prw, 
' I flow.' Enterorrhoe'a, Ineontinen'tia alvi, Alvi 
proflu'vidm, A. fluxus aquo'sus, Ventris proflu'- 
vium, Coeliorrhoe'a, Cceliol'ysis, Alvus cita, Caca- 
to'ria, Coprorrhoe'a, Catar'rhus intestinal lie, Alvi 
fluxus, iiheuma, Epiph'ora Alvi, Fluxus alvi'nus, 
Lax itas alvi, Deflux'to, Lax, Looseness, Burying, 
(F.) Diarrhee, Devoiement, Catarrhe intestinal, 
Flux de Ventre, Cours de Ventre, Courante. A 
disease characterized by frequent liquid alvine 
evacuations, and generally owing to inflammation 
or irritation of the mucous membrane of the in- 
testines. It is commonly caused by errors in 
regimen, the use of food noxious by its quality 
or quantity, &c., constituting the Diarrhoe'a ster- 
cora'ria, D. Crapulo'sa of writers. It may be 
acute or chronic. Many varieties have been 
made by some nosologists-e. g. mucous,-Diar. 
rhoe'a muco'sa, Blennoche'sia, Blennoche'zia ; bi- DIARRHOISCIIESIS 
Hous,-Reo-ckolo'sig, Diarrhoe'a bilio'sa ; serous, 
- Hydroche'zia, Hydrodiarrhoe'a, Orrhoche'zia ; 
dependent upon the matters evacuated. Diarrhoea 
requires different treatment, according to its na- 
ture. If caused, as it often is, by improper mat- 
ters in the intestinal canal, these must be evacu- 
ated ; and the astringent plan of treatment must 
not be adopted, unless the discharges seem kept 
up by irritability of the intestines, or unless they 
are colliquative. The indiscriminate use of as- 
tringents is to be deprecated. 
A very fatal diarrhoea prevails amongst the 
native inhabitants of India, to which Mr. Tytler 
has given the name Diarrhoe' a hec'tica, because, 
like hectic fever, it seems to obtain habitual pos- 
session of the constitution, to operate upon it 
with scarcely any perceptible intermission, and, 
in general, to defy the most powerful remedies. 
Diarrhoea Adiposa, Gras-fondure-d. cum 
Apepsia, Lientery - d. Arthritica, Coeliagra-d. 
Biliosa, see Diarrhoea-d. Carnosa, Dysentery - 
d. Chylosa, Coeliac flux-d. Chymosa, Cceliac flux 
-d. Crapulosa, see Diarrhoea-d. Cruenta, Hse- 
matochezia-d. Dyspeptica, Lientery - d. Hepa- 
tica, Ilepatirrhoea-d. Ingestorum, Lientery-d. 
Lienteria, Lientery-d. Mucosa, see Diarrhoea- 
d. Purulenta, Pyochezia-d. Sanguinolenta, Hae- 
matochezia-d. Stercoraria, see Diarrhoea-d. in 
Urina, Diabetes - d. Urinosa, Diabetes. 
DIARRHOIS'CHESIS, from Diarrhoea, and 
' arrest.' Arrest of a diarrhoea. 
DIARTIIRO'DIAL, Diarthrodia'lie. Relating 
to diarthroses or movable articulations; as diar- 
thro'dial articulation. Diarthro'dial cartilages 
or iucrusting cartilages are the cartilages which 
invest the articular extremities of bones. 
DIARTHRO'SIS, from MapSpow, (Ma, and 
apSpow,) 'I separate the limbs,' 'I articulate.' 
Dearticula'tio, Prosarth.ro'sis, Aparth.ro'sis, Ab- 
articula'tio, Coarticula'tio, Perarticula'tio, Hota'- 
tio, (F.) Embolture. A movable articulation. 
One which permits the bones to move freely on 
each other in every direction, as in the case of 
the shoulder joint. 
DIASATYR'ION, from Ma, and aarvpiov, 'the 
orchis mas'cula.' An electuary, of which this 
plant formed the basis. (?)-Myrepsus. The an- 
cients attributed to it the faculty of exciting the 
organs of generation. 
DIASCINCI ANTIDOTUS, Mithridate. 
DIASCOR'DIUM, from Ma, and aicopMov, 'the 
water germander.' An electuary, so called be- 
cause this plant entered into its composition. 
The Parisian codex has a formula for its prepa- 
ration, under the title, Electua'rium opia'tum as- 
trin'gens vel diascor'dium. (R. fol. scord. 
rosar. rubr., bistort, rad., gentiance, tormentillop., 
sem. berber. aa %ss, zingib., piper, long, aa 3'j, 
cassia lignece, cinnamom., dictamn. Cretens., sty- 
rac. calamit., galban., gum. acacia aa bol. 
oriental, pro;par. 3pj, extract vinos opii. mel. 
rosat. prcep. tbij, vin. hispan. Tbss: fiat electua- 
rium.) In place of the sty rax calamit a, the bal- 
sam of tolu or benjamin may be used. The opium 
is, in this preparation, in the proportion of 1 to 
184. The diascordium is employed in diarrhoea 
and dysentery, as a tonic, stomachic, and astrin- 
gent. The common dose is from a scruple to a 
drachm and a half. See Pulvis cretae compositus. 
DIASOSTIC, Prophylactic. 
DIASPASIS, Divulsio. 
DIASPER'MATON. The ancient name of 
two cataplasms, composed of seeds. - Galen, 
Paulus. 
DIASPHYXIS, Pulse. Also, a violent beat 
of the pulse. 
DIASTAL'TIC, Diastal'ticus; from Ma, 
286 
DIASTEMATOPYELIA 
'through,' and crtXXw, 'I contract.' An epithet 
applied by Dr. Marshall Hall to the reflex or 
excito-motory system of nerves; because the 
actions they induce are performed 'through' the 
spinal marrow as their essential centre. 
DIASTALTICUS, Diastolic. 
DIASTASJE'MIA, (F.) Diastarfmie, from <h- 
aarao-is, 'separation,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' A patho- 
logical condition, characterized by a separation 
of the elements of the blood globules ;-the fibrin 
and albumen separating also from the colouring 
matter, whilst the fibrin attaches itself to the 
valves of the heart.-Delafore. 
DIASTASE. Same etymon as the next but 
one. A vegetable principle, allied in its general 
properties to gluten, which appears in the ger- 
mination of barley and other seeds and, by its 
presence, converts the starch into sugar and 
gum. 
DIASTASEMIE, Diastasaemia. 
DIAS'TASIS, from iia, and ' to place,' 
'separation,' 'distance.' Diaste'ma, Dissiden'tia. 
A separation of bones, and particularly of the 
bones of the cranium, from each other; of the 
radius from the ulna, and the fibula from the 
tibia. The ancients used this word to designate 
the three dimensions of the body, - length, 
breadth, and thickness; for the interval separat- 
ing the patient from the physician ; the swelling 
of varicose veins; the time at which some change 
occurred in disease, Ac. 
DIASTEMA, Diastasis, Interstice. 
DIASTEM ATELYT'RIA, from 'in- 
terstice,' and eXvTpov, ' vagina.' An organic de- 
viation, characterized by a longitudinal division 
or fissure of the vagina.-Breschet. 
DIASTEMATENCEPHA'LIA, from 
and eyKc<l>aXof, ' the brain.' An organic deviation, 
consisting in a longitudinal division of the brain. 
-Breschet. 
DIASTEMA'TIA, from iiaarripa. A term em- 
ployed by Breschet for an organic deviation, 
characterized by the presence of a fissure in the 
mesial line of the body. 
DIASTEMATOCAU'LIA, from ftiaarijpa, and 
KavXog, 'trunk.* An organic deviation, charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division of the trunk. 
DIASTEMATOCIIEI'LIA, from Smarripa, and 
'the lip.' An organic deviation, consist- 
ing in a longitudinal division or fissure of the lip. 
DIASTEMATOCRA'NIA, from iiacrripa, and 
Kpaviuv, ' the cranium.' An organic deviation, 
consisting in a longitudinal deviation of the cra- 
nium. 
DIASTEMATOCYS'TIA, from and 
Kvarit, 'bladder.' An organic deviation, charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division of the urinary 
bladder. 
DIASTEMATOGAS'TRIA, from iiatrrripa, and 
•yaarvp, ' the stomach.' An organic deviation, 
characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
stomach. 
DIASTEMATOGLOS'SIA, from haarripa, and 
yXwaaa, 'tongue.' An organic deviation, charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
tongue. 
DIASTEMATOGNA'THIA, from 
and yvaOof, 'jaw.' An organic deviation, cha- 
racterized by a longitudinal division of the jaw. 
DIASTEMATOME'TRIA, from haarnpa, and 
pr/rpa, 'womb.' An organic deviation, charac- 
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
womb. 
DIASTEMATOPYEL'IA, from and 
irvtXos, 'pelvis.' An organic deviation, charao DIASTEMATORACHIA 
terized by a longitudinal division or fissure of 
the pelvis. 
DIASTEMATORA'CHIA, from Jia<rry/ia, and 
pa%is, ' spine.' An organic deviation, characte- 
rized by a longitudinal division or fissure of the 
spine. 
DIASTEMATORHI'NIA, from and 
piv, 'the nose.' An organic deviation, characte- 
rized by a longitudinal division of the nose. 
DIASTEMATOSTAPHYL'IA, from iiaarnpa, 
and araipvXr), 'uvula.' An organic deviation, 
characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
uvula. 
DIASTEMATOSTER'NIA, from and 
arcpvov, 'the sternum.' An organic deviation, 
characterized by a longitudinal division of the 
Sternum. 
DIASTEMENTER'IA, from Siaampa, and 
ivrcpov, ' intestine.' An organic deviation, cha- 
racterized by a longitudinal division of the in- 
testine. 
DIAS'TOLE, from iiatrrcXXu>, (Jia and o-rcXXio, 
' I send,') ' I dilate,' ' I open.' lielaxa'tio seu 
Remis'sio cordis et arteria'rum. Dilatation of 
the heart and arteries, when the blood enters 
their cavities. It is the opposite movement to 
systole, in which the heart and arteries contract 
to send forth the blood. Diastole and systole are, 
consequently, successive movements. Diastole, 
JUotus cordis diastal'ticus, occurs simultaneously 
in the two ventricles. The almost inappreciable 
time, which elapses between the diastole and 
systole has been called perisys'tole, and that 
which succeeds to the diastole, peridiastole. 
When we speak of the contraction or systole of 
the heart, as well as of its diastole or dilatation, 
we mean that of the ventricles. This dilatation 
is active. 
DIASTOLEUS, Dilator. 
DIAS'TOLIC, Diastol'icus, Diastal'ticus; 
same etymon. Belonging to the diastole of the 
heart-as ' diastolic impulse of the heart.' 
Diastolic Impulse oe the Heart, see Im- 
pulse, diastolic. 
DIASTOMO'TRIS, from oiaaropou, (fia, and 
aropa, ' mouth.') ' I dilate an aperture.' Dilat- 
ing instruments, such as the different kinds of 
specula for the mouth, anus, vagina, <fcc. 
DIASTREMM A, Distortion, Perversion, Sprain. 
DIASTROPHE, Distortion, Perversion, Sprain. 
DIAT'ASIS, Disten'sio, from Siaruvw, (lia, 
and ruvu>, ' I stretch,') * I distend.' Tension. 
The reduction of a fracture by extension and 
counter-extension. 
DIATES'SARON, from Jia, and Teacrapes, 'four. 
An electuary, into the composition of which en- 
tered four medicines; viz. the roots of gentian, 
aristolochia rotunda, and bay-berries, each 5ij, 
honey tbij. The whole was incorporated with 
extract of juniper. The diapentes is nothing 
more than this electuary, mixed with two ounces 
of ivory shavings. The diatessaron is tonic, and 
it was formerly employed in cases of stings and 
bites of venomous animals. It was regarded as 
emmenagogue, alexiterial, and alexipharmic. 
DIATII'ESIS, from StaTiOiipi, (fia, and n&npe, 
' to place,') ' I dispose.' Disposition, constitu- 
tion, affection of the body : predisposition to cer- 
tain diseases rather than to others; - (F.) Immi- 
nence morbide. The principal diatheses, men- 
tioned by authors, are the cancerous, scrofulous, 
scorbutic, rheumatic, gouty and calculous. 
Diathesis HtEmorrhoidalis, see Hiemor- 
rhoids-d. Hemorrhagic, Hematophilia-d. Ner- 
vosa, Nervous diathesis - d. Rheumatic, see 
Rheumatic - d. Sthenica, Sthenia. 
287 
DICTAMNUS 
DIATRAGACAN'THUS. A powder_ com- 
posed of gum tragacanth, gum Arabic, and 
gij, starch, liquorice, giij, as much of the 
seeds of the melon, and white poppy ; seeds of the 
water-melon, cucumber, and gourd, and sugar 
candy J5 iij. It was used as a demulcent. 
DIATRESIS, Perforation. 
DIATRIMMA, Chafing. 
DIATRINSANTALON, see Diatrion. 
DIATRI'ON, Diatri'um, from ha, and rptis, 
'three.' A medicine composed of three ingre- 
dients. There were formerly two kinds. The 
first was called Diatri'um Pipe'reon spe'cies, and 
was formed of black and long pepper, aniseed, 
thyme, and ginger. It was highly stimulating. 
The second species was known under the name, 
Diatr insan'talon, Diatri'um Santalo'rum pulris, 
or Powder of the three Sanders. They were con- 
sidered diaphoretic. 
DIATRITA'RII. The Methodists were so 
called, who pretended to cure all diseases by 
subjecting the patients to treatment every third 
day. 
DIAT'RITOS. Relating to every third day. 
A means used by the Methodists to cure disease. 
DIAZOMA, Diaphragm. 
DIAZOSMA, Diaphragm. 
DIAZOS'TER, from hafowv/u, (ha, and £a>v- 
vv/a, 'to gird,') 'I surround.' The twelfth ver- 
tebra of the back, because it corresponds to the 
girdle, fynarnp. 
DIAZOSTRA, Diaphragm. 
DICEN'TRA CANADEN'SIS, Squirrel corn, 
Colic weed. Family, Fumariaceae. An indigen- 
ous plant, growing from Maine to Wisconsin, 
which flowers in May, the flowers having the 
odour of hyacinths. It has been given internally 
in syphilis, and applied externally in syphilis and 
gonorrhoea. 
DICEPHALIUM, Bicephalium. • 
DICEPII'ALUS, Biceph'alus, Derod'yinns et 
Ibd'ymus, Janus, from h, 'double,' and 
'head.' A monster with two heads. 
DICERAS RUDE, Ditrachyceras rudis, see 
Worms. 
DICHALCON'. A weight, equal to a third 
part of the obolus. 
DICHOPIIY'IA, from h%a, ' double,' and pvw, 
' I grow.' A disease of the hairs, in which they 
split and grow forked. 
DICHROMOS, Verbena officinalis. 
DICIATRIA, Medicine, legal. 
DICLIDOSTO'SIS, from 'a double 
door,' and oarwais, 'ossification.' Ossification of 
valves-as of the heart. 
DICLIS, Valve. 
DICOR'YPHUS, Dicra'nus, from h, 'double,* 
Kopmpr), ' the crown of the head.' A monster with 
a double vertex or cranium. 
Dicoryphus Diiiypogastrius, Hemipages. 
DICRANUS, Dicoryphus. 
DI'CROTUS, Bisfer'iens, from hs, 'twice,' and 
icpvw, ' I strike.' An epithet given to the pulse, 
when it seems to beat twice as fast as usual. It 
is synonymous with the term rebounding, the 
artery rebounding after striking, so as to con- 
vey the sensation of a double pulsation. It has 
been considered, and with truth, to frequently 
foretell hemorrhage. In bad cases of typhus, it 
certainly announces such a tendency. 
DICTAMNE, Dictamnus albus-d. de Crete, 
Origanum dictamnus. 
DICTAM'NUS ALBUS, from Dictamnus, a 
town in Crete; D. Fraxinel'la, Fraxinella Dic- 
tamnus, White Fraxinel'la, Bastard Dittany, 
Fraxinel'la, (F.) Dictamne, Fraxinelle. The fresh DICTYITIS 
root has been considered nervine, anthelmintic, 
ammenagogue. It is not used. 
Dictamnus Creticus, Origanum dictamnus- 
d. Fraxinella, Dictamnus albus. 
DICTYITIS, Pvetinitis. 
DICTYON, Rete. 
DIDELPHYS, Dihysteria. 
DIDTMAL'GIA, from biivyot, 'the testicles,' 
and a.Xyoj, ' pain.' Pain in the testicles. 
DIDYMIS, Epididymis. 
DIDYMITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
DIDYMOS, Gemellus. 
DIDYMUS, Testicle - d. Symphyogastrius, 
Gastrodidymus-d. Symphyohypogastricus, Hy- 
pogastrodidymus - d. Symphyoperinaeus, Pygo- 
didymus - d. Symphyothoracogastrius, Thoraco- 
gastrodidymus. 
DIECBOL'ION, from iia, and r*-/3aXX<u, 'I cast 
out.' A name given, by the ancients, to a remedy 
which they believed capable of producing abor- 
tion. 
DIERENBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Dierenbach is a city in Bavaria, two leagues from 
which is a sulphurous spring. 
DIERVIL'LA TRIF'IDA, Bush honeysuckle. 
An indigenous plant of the Honeysuckle tribe- 
Lonicerem-whose flowers appear from June to 
August. It has been used as a diuretic; and in 
gonorrhoea and syphilis. 
DIES, He'mera, A day, (F.) Jour. The day 
is, properly, the period during which the solar 
light illumines our horizon : but commonly, also, 
we designate by the word day the period of 24 
hours or Nycthe'meron, which is frequently di- 
DIET 
vided into four parts-morning, midday, evening, 
and midnight. In antiquity, great importance 
was attached to the observation of days in dis- 
ease. The medical day is usually reckoned at 
24 hours,-universally in estimating the duration 
of a disease. In parts of the United States, it 
comprises only the time when the sun is above 
the horizon, as regards the administration of 
medicine, so that if a medicine be ordered to be 
taken four times a day, it is understood to mean 
during the 12 hours of day. 
Dies Caniculares, see Canicula-d. Contem- 
plabiles, Critical days - d. Contemplantes, Indi- 
cating days-d. Critici, Critical days-d. Decre- 
torii, Critical days - d. Indicantes, Indicating 
days-d. Indicatorii, Indicating days-d. Indices, 
Indicating days - d. Internuntii, Critical days- 
d. Judicatorii, Critical days-d. Radicales, Criti- 
cal days. 
DIET, Dice'ta, Dieete'ma, Ra'tio victris. Ori- 
ginally, this word signified nearly the same thing 
as Hygiene and Regimen, that is, Diet was the 
employment of every thing necessary for the pre- 
servation of health and life. At the present day, 
it signifies a particular kind of food, and, at times, 
a privation of food and drink ;-abstinence. To 
put any one upon diet, (F.) mettre quelqu'un <1 la 
diite, means to deprive him of his usual nourish- 
ment :-milk diet means a diet of milk, Ac. See 
Aliment, Dietetics, Hygiene, and Regimen. 
Diet Scale. Every well regulated hospital 
has certain dietetic regulations. The following 
Table of Dietary shows the particular regimen 
selected for the sick, in certain hospitals. 
288 
DIET-TABLE OF DIFFERENT HOSPITALS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND 
THE UNITED STATES. 
I. ENGLAND. 
London Hospitals. 
1. London Hospital. 
COMMON DIET. 
MIDDLE DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
Per Day 
12 oz. Bread. 
1 pint Porter, Men. 
■1 pint do., Women. 
Gruel. 
8 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
Breakfast 
Gruel. 
Gruel. 
Dinner 
8 oz. Beef, with Po- 
tatoes, thrice a 
week. 
8 oz. Mutton, with 
Potatoes, twice a 
The same, except 
that 4 oz. of Meat 
shall be given in- 
stead of 8 oz. 
1 
Broth. 
1 pint Milk. 
Supper.......... 
week. 
8 oz. Potatoes and 
Soup,with vegeta- 
bles,twice a week. 
1 pint of Broth. 
Gruel or Broth. 
1 pint Milk. 
2. St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 
Daily ■ 
COMMON DIET. 
BROTH DIET. 
THIN OR FEVER DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
Milk Porridge. 
12 oz. Bread. 
6 oz. Mutton or Beef. 
1 pint Broth [with 
Peas or Potatoes, 
4 times a week.], 
2 pints Beer, Men. 
1 pint, Women. 
1 oz. Butter, twice a 
week. 
Milk Porridge. 
12 oz. Bread. 
2 pints Broth. 
1 pint Beer. 
1 oz. Butter. 
Milk Porridge. 
12 oz. Bread. 
1 pint of Milk, with 
Tapioca, Arrow- 
root,Sago,orRice, 
as may be pre- 
scribed. 
Barley water. 
Milk Porridge. 
12 oz. Bread. 
2 pts. Milk,with Ta- 
pioca, Arrow-root, 
Sago, or Rice, as 
may be prescribed. 
Barley water. 
1 oz. Butter. 
Bread Pudding, 
three times a week, 
when ordered. DIET 
289 
DIET 
FULL DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
DRY DIET. 
FEVER DIET. 
Daily 
2 pints Beer; 14 oz. 
Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
14 oz. Bread, 2 pints 
Beer. 
12 oz. Bread; two 
pints Beer. 
Breakfast. ... 
Water Gruel. 
1 pint Milk. 
Water Gruel. 
Water Gruel. 
i lb. of Beef when dress- 
1 pint Milk, 4 times 
4 oz. Butter, 4 times 
i lb. Beef, for tea. 
ed, twice a week; 4oz. 
Butter, or 6 oz. of 
Cheese, thrice a week; 
a week. 
a week; RicePud- 
Dinner 
RicePudding,thrice 
a week. 
ding and 4 oz. 
of Butter, three 
i lb. Mutton when 
boiled, thrice a week. 
times a week. 
Supper 
1 pt. Broth, 4 times a 
week. 
1 pint Milk. 
3. St. Thomas's Hospital. 
4. St. George's Hospital. 
EXTRA DIET. 
ORDINARY DIET. 
FISH DIET. 
FEVER DIET. 
BROTH DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
Men. 
1 pint Beer. 
Barley Water 
Daily 
2 pints Beer. 
ad libitum. 
Women. 
Breakfast. 
11 pint Beer. 
1 pint Tea. 
1 pint Tea. 
1 pint Tea. 
1 pint Tea. 
1 pint Tea, 
1 pint Tea. 
i pint Milk. 
12 oz. Meat, 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
roasted 
4 oz. of plain 
Arrow-root 
1 pint Broth 
1J pint Rice. 
(weighed 
One-half of 
boiled white 
&c., must be 
specially di- 
6 oz. light 
Milk four 
with the bone 
the meat al- 
fish (as Whi- 
Pudding. 
days. 
Dinner.... 
before it is 
lowed for ex- 
ting, Plaice, 
rected. 
dressed) four 
tra diet. 
Flounders, or 
1 lb. Bread or 
days,-boiled; 
three days, i 
I lb. Potatoes. 
Haddock.) 
Rice Pudding 
three days. 
lb. Potatoes. 
Supper.... 
1 pint Gruel. 
1 pint Gruel. 
1 pint Gruel. 
1 pint Tea. 
1 pint Gruel. 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
| pint Milk. 
} pint Milk. 
i pint Milk. 
Daily . ■ 
FULL DIET. 
MIDDLE DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
FEVER DIET. 
14 oz. Bread. 
1| oz. Butter. 
1 qt. Table Beer. 
8 oz. Meat, when 
dressed. 
For 
12 oz. Bread. 
1J oz. Butter. 
1 pt. Table Beer. 
4 oz. Meat, when 
dressed, and 
| pint Broth, 
each Diet, Gruel 
12 oz. Bread. 
1 oz. Butter. 
Tea and Sugar. 
Half a pound o 
root 
or Barley-water, 
12 oz. Bread. 
1 oz. Butter. 
2 pints Milk. 
f Beef, (for Beef- 
jr Sago, when orc 
is required. 
6 oz. Bread. 
1 oz. Butter. 
Tea and Sugar. 
tea,) or Arrow- 
ered. 
5. Guy's Hospital. 
FULL DIET. 
MIDDLE DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
SPOON, OR 
FEVER DIET. 
INCURABLES' 
DIET. 
Fixed. 
Casual. 
Daily .... 
14 oz. Bread. 
1 pint Milk 
10 oz. Bread. 
| lb. Bread. 
J lb. Bread. 
3 lb. Bread. 
i lb. Meat. 
J lb. Potatoes, 
i pint Milk. 
1 pint Porter. 
Breakfast ■ 
1 pint Milk 
1 pint Tea, 
- 
1 pint Tea, 
Porridge, or 
Porridge, or 
with Sugar 
with Sugar 
Rice Gruel. 
thin Gruel. 
and Milk. 
and Milk. 
1 lb. Meat, 
i lb. Meat, 
roasted, boiled, 
No fixed Diet 
1 pint Broth, 
Barley Water. 
roasted, boiled, 
for Dinner. 
or | lb. of 
• 
Dinner.. 
or chops. 
or chops. 
Bread, or Rice 
Pudding, or 
1 pt. Beef Tea, 
5 lb. of Pota- 
2 lb. of Pota- 
toes. 
toes. 
or a Chop, 
or Fish. 
Supper.. ■ 
1 pint Milk 
1 pint Milk 
1 pint Tea, 
with Sugar 
- 
1 pint Tea, 
Porridge, or 
Porridge, or 
with Sugar 
Rice Gruel. 
thin Gruel. 
and Milk. 
and Milk. 
6. Westminster Hospital. DIET 
290 
DIET 
DLETA CARNIS, 
OR 
MEAT DIET. 
DLETA JUSCULI, 
OR 
SOUP DIET. 
DLETA LACTIS, 
OR 
MILK DIET. 
DLETA SIMPLEX, 
OR 
SIMPLE DIET. 
CANCER DIET. 
Daily ... 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
6 oz. Bread. 
12 oz. Bread. 
) lb Meat. 
i lb. Potatoes. 
1 pint Milk. 
Breakfast. 
1 pint Milk. 
1 pint Milk. 
1 pint Milk. 
1 pint Barley- 
water. 
Physician's Patients. 
1 pint Soup, 
i pint of Milk 
1 pint Gruel. 
i lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
dressed meat, (beef or 
made with 4 
with Rice-pud- 
oz. Beef, alter- 
ding, 4 days, 
mutton,) roast and 
nately with 1 
and with Bat- 
boiled alternately, 4 
pint of Broth 
ter-pudding, 3 
days. 
with Barley. 
days. 
Dinner . ■ 
4 oz. Meat in Soup, 3 
days. 
Surgeon's Patients. 
J lb. of Potatoes, 4 oz. 
dressed meat, (beef or 
mutton,) roast and 
boiled alternately. 
1 pint Gruel alternately 
1 pint Gruel. 
I pint Milk or 
1 pint Gruel 
Supper . 
with 1 pint of Barley- 
1 pint Gruel. 
or Barley-wa- 
water. 
ter. 
7. Middlesex Hospital. 
8. North London Hospital. 
Daily 
FULL DIET. 
MIDDLE DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
16 oz. Bread. 
i pint Milk. 
i lb. Meat and J lb. 
Potatoes 4 days. 
1 pt. Soup or Rice 
3 days. 
16 oz. Bread. 
i pint Milk. 
1 pint Soup or 
Rice. 
8 oz. Bread, 
i pint Milk. 
Oatmeal for 
Gruel. 
17 oz. Bread. 
2 pints Milk. 
9. King's College Hospital. 
FULL DIET. 
MIDDLE DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
FEVER DIET. 
Daily 
1 pint Beer, or 
J pint Porter. 
14 oz. Bread. 
14 oz. Bread. 
1 lb. Bread. 
8 oz. Bread. 
- 
Breakfast... 
1 pt. Milk Por- 
ridge. 
1 pt. Milk Por- 
ridge. 
1 pint Milk. 
1 pint Gruel. 
1 pint Gruel. 
Dinner 
| lb. Meat. 
i lb. Potatoes. 
J lb. Meat. 
i lb. Potatoes. 
1 pint Milk. 
1 pint Broth. 
2 pints Barley- 
water. 
Supper 
1 pt. Milk Por- 
ridge. 
1 pt. Milk Por- 
ridge. 
1 pint Gruel. 
1 pt. Milk Por- 
ridge. 
1 pt Milk Por- 
ridge. 
10. Dreadnought Hospital Ship. 
FULL DIET. 
ORDINARY DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
MILK DIET. 
FEVER DIET. 
Breakfast... 
1 pint Tea. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
Ditto. 
1 lb. Bread. 
Ditto. 
| lb. Bread. 
1 lb. Bread. 
J lb. Meat. 
£ lb. Meat. 
Dinner ■ 
j lb. Potatoes. 
2 pints Beer, 
i lb. Potatoes. 
1 pint Beer, (if 
1 pint of Beef 
Tea. 
1 pint Milk. 
Gruel. 
(if ordered.) 
ordered.) 
Supper 
1 pint Broth. 
1 pint Broth or 
Gruel. 
1 pint Gruel or 
Milk, (if or- 
dered. 
1 pint Milk. 
Gruel or Bar- 
ley-water. DIET 
291 
DIET 
HOSPITALS. 
ORDINARY DIET. 
LOW DIET. 
Liverpool. 
Breakfast.-A pint milk porridge, breaded every morn'g. 
Dinner.-(1, 5, 7*)- Boiled beef and vegetables.-(2) 
-Rice, milk, and bread.-(3)-Stewed beef and po- 
tatoes.-(4)-Pea soup and bread.-(6)-Ale, gruel, 
and bread. 
Supper. - A pint of broth and bread on Sunday and 
Thursday. A pint of milk and bread on the other days. 
Full Diet. - The same as the ordinary diet. 
Consists throughout the 
day of milk porridge, 
common batter, or rice, 
pudding. 
The ale and beer are 
bought. 
Bristol. 
Breakfast.-On Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Satur- 
day, milk porridge; Monday, Wednesday, and Fri- 
day, meat broth; 12 oz. of bread on meat days; 14 
oz. on the other days. 
Dinner.-(1, 3, 5)-Three-fourths of a pound of meat, 
with vegetables ; two pints of beer daily.-(2, 4, 6, 7) 
-A pint of gruel or pap. 
Supper.-A wine pint of gruel of meal broth on Sun- 
day ; 2 oz. of cheese for the men, one-fourth of an oz. 
of butter for the women, on Monday, Wednesday, 
Friday, and Saturday. 
Full Diet. - The patients have meat every day. 
Breakfast.-A. wine quart 
of milk porridge or milk. 
Dinner. - A wine quart 
of weak broth. 
Supper. - The same as 
breakfast, 14 oz. of 
bread, and barley-wa- 
ter for common drink. 
20 bushels of malt, 15 lbs. 
of hops to 14 gals, of 
strong ale; 21 bush, of 
malt, and 12 pounds of 
hops, to 360 gals, of 
ale ; 11 bush, of malt, 
7 pounds of hops, to 
360 gals, of small beer. 
Birmingham. 
Revised 1819. 
Breakfast.-To each man a pint and a half of milk por- 
ridge, with 4 oz. of bread added to it. To each wo- 
man or child, one pint of milk porridge without 
bread. To each patient 2 oz. of bread daily. 
Dinner.-(1, 3, 5)-To each man 8 oz. of baked or boiled 
meat; to each woman or child, 6 oz. To each patient, 
6 oz. of vegetables, and one pint of beer daily.-(2)- 
To each man, a quart of rice or barley broth, made 
with a variety of vegetables ; to each woman or child, 
one pint and a half.-(4)-Twelve ounces of boiled 
rice or bread pudding. - (6) - Four oz. of boiled or 
baked meat, a pint of rice or barley broth, made with 
a variety of vegetables.-(7)-Six oz. of baked rice 
or bread pudding, or a pint of rice or barley broth, 
made with a variety of vegetables. 
Supper.-A pint of broth, milk porridge, or gruel. 
Full Diet. - Breakfast the same as in ordinary diet. 
Dinner, 6 oz. of boiled or baked meat, 6 oz. of vege- 
tables, 6 oz. of baked rice or bread pudding. Supper, 
the same as ordinary diet. 
Breakfast.-The same as 
ordinary diet. 
Dinner.-A pint of broth 
or rice milk, 6 oz. of 
baked rice or bread 
pudding to each pa- 
tient every day. 
Supper. - The same as 
ordinary diet. 
Edinburgh. 
Breakfast.-One mutchkin of porridge, three gills of 
milk or beer; or five and one-fourth ounces of fine 
bread, milk or beer. 
Dinner. - (1,4) - One chopin of broth, 8 ounces of 
butcher's meat boiled in the broth, or beef-steak ; five 
and one-fourth ounces of bread.- (2, 5, 7) - A chopin 
of broth made of beef and bones, barley, groats, pota- 
toes, and vegetables ; five and a-half ounces of bread. 
-(3, 6) - Potato soup, with beef and veal, or bones; 
bread as above. 
Supper.-As the breakfast each day. 
Full Diet.-At discretion. 
At discretion. 
Glasgow. 
Breakfast.-Milk porridge, quantity not limited, with 
half a mutchkin of sweet milk, or one mutchkin of 
buttermilk or beer. 
Dinner.- (1)-Broth made of barley, vegetables, and 
the dripping of the meat roasted during the week, 
with a quartern loaf to a man. and half to a woman.- 
(2, 4)-Beef boiled : 8 oz. to the men, and 6 oz. to the 
women; a quartern loaf to a man, and half to a wo- 
man,-or vegetables.-(3, 6)-Broth, made with beef, 
barley, and vegetables; a quartern loaf to men, and 
half to women. - (5) - Potato soup, with cow heels, 
bones, Ac. - (7) - Six oz. of cheese to men, 4 oz. to 
women ; bread as above. 
Supper.-As the breakfast each day. 
Full Diet.-At discretion. 
At discretion. 
lhe figures in parentheses denote the days of the week. 
II. SCOTLAND. DIET 
292 
DIET 
III. IRELAND. 
5. Hospitals 
of House of 
Industry. 
Per diem.-Sixteen oz. of white bread, one quart of new 
milk, and one quart of buttermilk for whey. 
Full Diet. - Two ounces of bread per diem, one quart 
of broth, one quart of new milk. 
One pint of flummery per 
diem, one quart of new 
milk, and one quart of 
buttermilk for whey. 
Stephen's 
Hospital. 
Breakfast.-Half a pound of bread, one pint of milk. 
Dinner.-(1, 2, 3, 5, 7)-One quart of soup, half a pound 
of bread, or two pounds of potatoes ; one pint of milk 
or beer. - (4, 6) - Twelve oz. of bread, one quart of 
sweetened gruel. 
Daily, half a pound of 
bread, two quarts of 
new milk, and one 
quart of buttermilk. 
Royal Hos- 
pital, Phoe- 
nix Park. 
Breakfast.-One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
Dinner.-Half a pound of meat, three-fourths of a pound 
of bread ; one pound of potatoes. 
Supper.-One pint of oatmeal or rice gruel. 
Full Diet. - Three-fourths of a pound of meat, one 
pound of bread, half a pound of potatoes, one quart 
of beer. 
Breakfast.-Tea. 
Dinner. - Half a pound 
of bread made into pa- 
nada or pudding. 
Richmond 
Hospital. 
Breakfast.-One quart of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
Dinner.-Bread, 8 oz.; soup, 1 quart. 
Supper.-Bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint. 
Full Diet.-Breakfast, bread, 8 oz.; new milk, one 
pint. - Dinner, bread, 8 oz.; mutton or beef, 8 oz.- 
Supper, bread, 4 oz.; new milk, one pint. 
Breakfast. - Flummery, 
one pint; new milk, 
one pint. 
Supper.-Half a pound of 
bread, one pint of milk. 
Belfast 
Hospital. 
Breakfast.-One pint of stirabout, one pint of new milk. 
Dinner.-Half a pound of bread, one pint of new milk. 
Supper.-One pint of flummery, one pint of new milk. 
Full Diet.-Breakfast, one quart of stirabout, one pint 
of new milk.-Dinner, 2 lbs. of potatoes, one pint of 
milk.-Supper, one pint of flummery, one pint of new 
milk. 
Per diem. - Quarter of a 
pound of bread, one 
quart of gruel, three 
pints of new milk, half 
a pint of flummery. 
Barley water at occa- 
sions. 
Cork Fever 
Hospital. 
Breakfast.-One half quartern loaf for every four, and 
one pint of new milk each. Under 12 years, half a 
quartern loaf for every eight. 
Dinner.-(1, 3, 5)-One pound of beef, and two pounds 
of potatoes. Under 12 years, half a pound of beef, 
and one pound of potatoes. - (2, 4, 6, 7) - Potatoes 
and milk. 
Supper. - One pint of milk and one of stirabout, for 
adults; half do. for children. 
Breakfast. - One - fourth 
of a lb. of bread, with 
milk and water sweet- 
ened. 
Dinner. - Gruel, broth, 
wine, and porter, as or- 
dered by the physician. 
IV. UNITED STATES. 
Pennsylva- 
nia Hospi- 
tal, Philada. 
Breakfast.-Tea, coffee, or chocolate, with sugar or mo- 
lasses and milk,and common baker's bread at discretion. 
Dinner.-Soup always; meat of two kinds-mutton and 
beef, generally-pork frequently; vegetables, accord- 
ing to the season; potatoes and rice, always. 
Supper. - Tea and bread : no butter allowed either to 
breakfast or supper, unless prescribed. 
Gruel, gum water, barley 
water, and other arti- 
cles prescribed by the 
physician. 
Philadel- 
phia 
Hospital, 
(Blockley.) 
House Diet. - Arrow-root, gruel, sago, tapioca, rice, 
beef tea, beef essence, chicken water, rice water, bar- 
ley water, gum water, flaxseed tea, lemonade. (The 
diet on which the sick are placed on entering the 
house until otherwise directed.) 
Moderate Diet. - Tea, crackers, broth, rice, mush, 
milk, potatoes, <fcc. 
Full Diet. - Bread, coffee, tea, white meat, mutton, 
beef, ham, eggs, butter, soup, potatoes, <fcc. 
The kind and quantity 
left to the physician. 
The House Diet may be 
regarded as low diet. 
Nev York 
Hospital, 
N. York City. 
Breakfast. - Bread and black tea, one ounce of tea to 
every six, and a pint of milk to every eight patients. 
Dinner.-Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- 
days, beef soup, with beef and potatoes, and bread. 
On Mondays, boiled rice, with one gill of molasses. 
Supper.-The same as breakfast. 
Special diet is directed 
by the attending phy- 
sician, and adapted to 
each case. DIET DRINK 
The Diet Scale of the British Navy allows from 
31 to 35i ounces of <lry nutritious matter daily; 
of which 26 ounces are vegetable, and the rest 
animal-9 ounces of salt meat, or 4J ounces of 
fresh. 
That of the Navy of the United States is as 
follows:-Three days in the week-Pork, 16 oz.; 
beans or peas, 7 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz.; pickles or 
cranberries, 1 oz.; sugar, 2 oz.; tea, J oz.;-40| 
oz. Two days in the week-Beef, 16 oz.; flour, 
8 oz.; fruit, dried, 4 oz.; biscuit, 14 oz.; tea and 
sugar, 2£ oz.; pickles or cranberries, 1 oz.; - 
45J oz. Two days in the week - Beef, 16 oz.; 
rice, 8 oz.; butter, 2 oz.; cheese, 2 oz.; biscuit, 
14 oz.; tea and sugar, 2| oz.; pickles or cran- 
berries, 1 oz.;-45J oz. 
In the Edinburgh workhouse the total allow- 
ance of dry food is about 17 ounces -13 ounces 
vegetable, and 4 ounces animal. In the Edin- 
burgh children's poor-house, the diet consists of 
milk and porridge, barley broth and bread, 
amounting to 13 ounces of vegetable food to 4 
ounces of animal. These allowances have been 
found ample for the maintenance of health. Per- 
haps the case of the smallest quantity of food on 
which life was vigorously supported was that of 
Cornaro,-not more than 12 ounces a day, chiefly 
of vegetable matter, for a period of 58 years. 
DIET DRINK. A decoction or potion, va- 
riously composed, and used in considerable quan- 
tity, for the purpose of purifying the blood. The 
Decoc'turn Lnsitan'icnm or Lisbon Diet-drink, is 
one of the most celebrated. See Decoctum Sar- 
saparillae Compositum. 
DIETARY, TABLE OF, see Diet Seale. 
DIETET'ICS, Dicetet'ice, Diatet'ica, Medi- 
cina Dioetet'ica ; same etymon. (F.) DiStetique. 
A branch of medicine, comprising the rules to be 
followed for preventing, relieving, or curing dis- 
eases by diet. Dietetics is diet administered ac- 
cording to principle. It is an important part of 
Hygiene. A well regulated system of diet has 
great power in checking disease, and likewise in 
preventing it. A proper knowledge of dietetics 
is, indeed, as important as that of the Materia 
Medica, strictly so called. 
Dietetics has been used, also, synonymously 
with Hygiene. 
DIETETIQUE, Dietetics. 
DIETET'ISTS, Dicetetis'toe. Physicians who 
apply only the rules of dietetics to the treatment 
of disease. 
DIEU-LE-FILT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The waters of Dieu-le-filt, in France, are chaly- 
beate, and much sought after. 
DIEURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
DIEX'ODOS, from ita, and t|o3o5, 'an exit or 
way out.' Di'odos. Any opening by which an 
excretion takes place. 
293 
DIGESTIBLE 
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, see DiatrL 
tica signa. 
DIFFICULTAS INTESTINORUM, Dysen- 
tery. 
DIFFLATIO, Perspiration. 
DIFFORMITE, Deformation. 
DIFFUSED BLOWING SOUND, see Mur- 
mur, respiratory. 
DIFFU'SIBLE, (stimulants) from diffundere, 
[dis, and fundere, fusum, ' to pour,') ' to pour 
apart or abroad.' Those stimulating medicines 
are so called, which augment the action of the 
vascular and nervous systems in an acute but 
transitory manner. 
DIGAS'TRICUS, from Sis, ' twice,' and yaartip, 
'a belly:' Biven'ter, B. Maxill'a, Dep'rimens 
Maxil'loe Biven'ter, Bigas'ter, (F.) Masto'idohyo- 
genien, Masto'ido-glnien-(Ch.,) Digastrique, 
Abaisseur de la macboire inferieure. The namo 
Digastricus was formerly given to several mus- 
cles. It is now restricted to one of the muscles 
of the superior hyoid region. The digastricus is 
thick and fleshy at its extremities, thin and ten- 
dinous at its middle. It is attached to the mas- 
toid groove of the temporal bone, and to a fos- 
sette at the side of the symphysis menti. Its ten- 
don passes through an aponeurotic ring, which is 
attached to the os hyoides. 
The use of the digastricus is to depress the 
lower jaw, or to raise the os hyoides, and to carry 
it forwards or backwards, as in deglutition. 
The strong double-bellied muscle, which forms 
the gizzard of birds, is also called Digastricus. 
Digastricus Cranii, Occipito-frontalis. 
DIGASTRIQUE, Digastricus. 
DIGERENTIA, Digestives. 
DIGES'TIBLE, Concoc'tfis hab'ilis. Capable 
of being digested. All food is not equally di- 
gestible, and some of the most nourishing is the 
least so :-the fat of meat, for example. Certain 
substances, again, are entirely rebellious. The 
following table exhibits the time required for the 
stomachal digestion of different alimentary sub- 
stances, in a well-known case, which fell under 
the eare of Dr. Beaumont. The table is extracted 
from the Author's Human Health, Philadelphia, 
1844. The most digestible substances are taken 
as the standard, which has been arbitrarily fixed 
at 1,000 ; and accordingly, aponeurosis, the first 
article in the table, requiring 3 hours, whilst 
pigs' feet soused, rice, &c., require but one, its 
digestibility, compared with that of these ali- 
ments, is placed as 333 to 1000; and so of the others. 
It need scarcely be said, that all these tabular 
results apply, in strictness, to the individual con- 
cerned only ; yet they afford useful comparative 
views, which with exceptions depending upon 
individual peculiarities, may be regarded as ap- 
proximations applicable to mankind in general. DIGESTIO 
294 
DIGITAL BL.ANC 
Aliments. 
Form of 
prepara- 
tion. 
, Time required for 
[stomachal digestion. 
Ratio of digestibility 
compared with the 
most digestible ar- 
ticles in the table.* 
Aliments. 
Form of 
prepara- 
tion. 
cu " 
c 
3 - 
x > • - o 
51 " - 
-Z "e El - 
2 £ 
E 
Aponeurosis 
Apples, mellow 
Do. sour, hard 
Do. sweet, mellow .... 
Barley 
Bass, striped, fresh 
Beans, pod 
Do. and green corn 
Beef, fresh, lean, rare 
Do. do. do. dry 
Do. do. steak 
Do. with salt only 
Do. with mustard, &.C.... 
Do 
Do. old, hard salted 
Beets 
Brains, animal 
Bread, corn 
Do, wheat, fresh 
Butterf 
Cabbage, head 
Do. with vinegar.... 
Do 
Cake, corn 
Do. sponge 
Carrot, orange 
Cartilage 
Catfish, fresh 
Cheese, old, strong 
Chicken, full grown 
Codfish, cured dry 
Corn (green) and beans.... 
Custard 
Duck, domesticated 
Do. wild 
Dumpling, apple 
Eggs, fresh 
Do. do 
Do. do 
Do, do 
Do. do 
Do. do. 
Flounder, fresh 
Fowls, domestic 
Do. do 
Gelatin 
Goose, wild 
Heart, animal , 
Lamb, fresh 
Liver, beefs, fresh 
boiled 
raw 
do. 
do. 
boiled 
broiled 
boiled 
do. 
roasted 
do. 
broiled 
boiled 
do. 
fried 
boiled 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
baked 
melted 
raw 
do. 
boiled 
baked 
do. 
boiled 
do. 
fried 
raw 
fricasseed 
boiled 
boiled 
baked 
roasted 
do. 
boiled 
hard boiled 
soft boiled 
fried 
roasted 
raw 
whipped 
fried 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
fried 
boiled 
do. 
A.m. 
3 
2 50 
1 50 
3 
•2 30 
3 45 
3 
3 30 
3 
2 45 
3 30 
4 
4 15 
3 45 
1 45 
3 15 
3 30 
3 30 
•2 30 
2 
4 30 
3 
•2 30 
3 15 
4 15 
3 30 
3 30 
2 45 
2 
3 45 
2 45 
4 
4 30 
3 
3 30 
3 
3 30 
2 15 
1 30 
3 30 
4 
4 
2 30 
2 30 
4 
2 30 
2 
333 
500 
352 
545 
500 
333 
400 
206 
333 
285 
333 
363 
285 
250 
235 
266 
571 
302 
285 
285 
400 
500 
222 
333 
400 
302 
235 
285 
285 
363 
500 
266 
363 
250 
222 
333 
285 
333 
285 
444 
500 
666 
285 
250 
250 
400 
400 
250 
400 
500 
Marrow, animal, spinal ... 
Meat and vegetables ...... 
Milk 
Do 
Mutton, fresh 
Do. do 
Do. do 
Oysters, fresh 
Do. do 
Do. -do 
Parsnips 
Pig. sucking 
Pigs' feet, soused 
Pork, fat and lean 
Do. recently salted 
Do. do 
Do. do 
Do. do 
Do. d_o 
Potatoes, In'sh 
Do. do..... 
Do. do 
Rice 
Salmon, salted 
Sausage, fresh 
Soup, barley 
Do. bean 
Do. beef, vegetables, and 
bread 
Do. chicken 
Soup marrow bones 
Do. mutton 
Do. oyster 
Suet, beef, fresh 
Do. mutton 
Tapioca 
Tendon, boiled 
Tripe, soused 
Trout, salmon, fresh 
Do. do 
Turkey, domestic 
Do. do 
Do. wild 
Turnips, flat 
Veal, fresh 
Do. do 
Vegetables and meat 
hashed 
Venison, steak 
boiled 
hashed 
boiled 
raw 
roasted 
broiled 
boiled 
raw 
roasted 
stewed 
boiled 
roasted 
boi led 
roasted 
boiled 
fried 
broiled 
raw 
stewed 
boiled 
roasted 
baked 
boiled 
do. 
do. 
broiled 
boiled 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
do. 
fried 
roasted 
boiled 
roasted 
boiled 
broiled 
fried 
warmed 
broiled 
A.m. 
2 40 
2 30 
2 15 
3 15 
3 
3 
2 55 
3 15 
3 30 
2 30 
2 30 
1 
5 15 
4 30 
4 15 
3 15 
3 
3 
3 30 
2 30 
3 20 
1 
1 45 
4 
3 20 
1 30 
3 
4 
3 
4 15 
3 30 
3 30 
5 30 
4 30 
2 
5 30 
1 
1 30 
1 30 
2 30 
2 25 
2 18 
3 30 
4 
4 30 
2 30 
1 35 
375 
400 
500 
444 
307 
333 
333 
342 
307 
285 
400 
400 
1000 
190 
222 
235 
302 
333 
333 
285 
400 
400 
1000 
571 
250 
300 
666 
333 
250 
333 
235 
285 
285 
181 
222 
500 
181 
1000 
666 
666 
400 
511 
435 
285 
250 
222 
400 
631 
* Pigs' feet soused, rice, and tripe soused, being the most digestible articles in the table, are estimated at 1000. 
t In the case of oils, and other substances of similar nature, which undergo little digestion in the stomach 
the time merely indicates the period that elapses before they are sent into the duodenum. 
DIGESTIO DEPRAVATA, Dyspepsia-d. 
Diffieilis, Dyspepsia - d. Laesa, Dyspepsia. 
DIGES'TION, Digest'io, from digere, 'to dis- 
solve' ; Coctio, C. Cibo'rum, Pep'sis, Diges'tive 
Proc"ess. Digestion is a function, by means of 
which alimentary substances, when introduced 
into the digestive canal, undergo different altera- 
tions. The object of this is to convert them into 
two parts; the one, a reparatory juice, destined 
to renew the perpetual waste occurring in the 
economy: the other, deprived of its nutritious 
properties, to be rejected from the body. This 
function is composed of a series of organic ac- 
tions, differing according to the particular organi- 
zation of the animal. In man they are eight in 
number, viz. 1. Prehension of food. 2. Mastica- 
tion. 3. Insalivation. 4. Deglutition. 5. Action 
wf the stomach. 6. Action of the small intestine. 
7. Action of the large intestine. 8. Expulsion of 
the faeces. 
Digestion is also a pharmaceutical operation, 
which consists in treating certain solid substances 
with water, alcohol, or other menstruum, at a 
slightly elevated temperature,-in a sand-bath, 
for example, or by leaving them exposed for some 
time to the sun. 
DIGESTIVE. See Digestives - d. Principle, 
Pepsin-d. Process, Digestion. 
Digestive Texture. The particular organic 
condition of substances which affects their diges- 
tibility. 
Digestive Tube, Canal, alimentary. 
Diges'tives, Digesti'va, Digeren'tia; same 
etymon as Digestion. (F.) Digestifs. A term 
given, by surgeons, to substances, which, when 
applied to a wound or ulcer, promote suppura- 
tion ; such as the ceratum resince, warm cata- 
plasms, fomentations, <tc. 
DIG"ITAL, Digita'lis; from digitus, 'a fin- 
ger:' having the shape of a finger; digitated. 
Belonging to the fingers. 
The Appen'dix vermifor'mis caci is sometimes 
called Dig"ital Appen'dix. 
Digital Arteries, Veins, and Nerves are 
those distributed to the fingers. 
DIGITAL BLANC, Clavaria. DIGITAL 
Digital Cavity, An'cyroid cavity, Cornu de- 
twn'dens ventric'uli latera'lis. The occipital por- 
tion of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
DIGITAL HUMAIN, Clavaria. 
Digital Impressions are the slight depres- 
sions observable on the inner surface of the bones 
of the cranium, which correspond to the cerebral 
convolutions. 
DIGITA'LE. Same etymon. (F.) Doigtier. 
A finger stall. The term Doigtier d'Asdrubali 
has been given to a small iron instrument used 
for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. 
Placed at the end of the index finger, it adds to 
its laigth and enables it to reach the promontory 
of the sacrum. 
DIGITALINE, see Digitalis. 
DIGITA'LIS, from digitus, 'a finger,' because 
its flower represents a finger; Digita'lis purpu'- 
rea, Fox-glove, Ifac'charis, Jiacchar, Paccar (1); 
Family, Scrophularineae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia 
Angiospermia. (F.) Digitale, Gants de notre dame, 
Doigtier. The leaves of this plant, which are 
indigenous in Great Britain, are powerfully seda- 
tive, diminishing the velocity of the pulse, diu- 
retic, and sorbefacient. In over-doses, Digitalis 
causes vomiting, purging, dimness of sight, ver- 
tigo, delirium, hiccough, convulsions, and death : 
-all the symptoms, in short, which characterize 
the aero-narcotic class of poisons. Its active 
principle has been called Dig"italine. It is a 
hundred-fold stronger than the most active pre- 
paration of digitalis. 
Digitalis has been administered in inflamma- 
tory diseases, phthisis, active hemorrhage, drop- 
sy, <tc.; but although it is a powerful remedy, it 
has not been as much employed as it probably 
would have been in particular cases, owing to 
the over-strained eulogiums, which many have 
passed upon it in almost all diseases. The ave- 
rage dose is one grain, in the form of pill, which 
may be repeated every six or eight hours. 
Digitalis Minima, Gratiola officinalis. 
DIGITA'TION, Digita'tio, Produc'tio denta'ta, 
Inser'tio denticula'ta, I. digita'ia. A division into 
processes having the form of fingers. Several 
muscles, as the serrati, exhibit digitations, similar 
to those which the fingers form,when held separate. 
DIGITATIONES TUBARUM FALLOPII, 
see Tube, Fallopian. 
DIGIT"IUM. Desiccation or atrophy of the 
fingers.-Linnaeus. Sauvages calls the same af- 
fection Paronych'ia Digit"iuni, see Paronychia. 
DIGITORUM TENSOR, Extensor brevis digi- 
toruin pedis. 
DIG"ITUS, Dac'tylos, Finger, (Y.) Doigt. 
A name given to the prolongations which form 
the extremity of the hand. There are five on 
each hand: the first, the thumb, Anticheir, 
Pollex, Manus parva majo'ri adju'trix, Dig"itus 
primus, D. magnus, Pro'manus, (F.) Pouce ; the 
second, the index; the third, D. medius, Iinpu- 
di'cus, (F.) Doigt du milieu, middle finger or long 
finger; the fourth, the ring finger, Annula'ris, 
Param'esos, (F.) Annulaire ; and the little finger, 
Oti'tes, Dig"itus auricula'ris, (F.) Auricidaire, 
Petit doigt. All of these have three phalanges, 
except the first, which has only two. 
Digitus Annularis, Annular finger - d. Au- 
ricularis, see Digitus-d. Index, Index-d. Indi- 
catorius, Index -d. Magnus, Pollex, see Digitus 
-d. Medius, see Digitus. 
Dig'Ttus Pedis, Toe. (F.) Orteil. The toes 
are five in number, and distinguished nume- 
rically, reckoning from within to without. The 
first is, also, called great toe, (F.) gros orteil; the 
fifth, the little toe, petit orteil. They have nearly 
the same orgavzation as the fingers. 
295 
DILUENTIA 
Digitus Primus, Pollex, see Digitus - d. Sa- 
lutatorius, Index - d. Seeundus, Index. 
DIG'NATIIUS; from <5<, ' double,' and yvados, 
'lower jaw.' A monster having two lower jaws. 
-Gurlt. 
DIGNOTIO, Diagnosis. 
DIIIYPOGAS'TRIUS, from Si, 'double,'and 
'viroyaarpiov, 'the hypogastrium.' A monster 
whose pelvis, together with the lower portion of 
the abdomen, is double. 
DIIIYSTE'RIA, Dime'tra, Didel'phys, U'terus 
duplex, from Si, ' double,' and 'varepn, ' uterus.' 
The state in which there is a double uterus. 
DIJUDICATIO, Crisis. 
DILACERATIO, Laceration. 
DILATANTS, Dilating agents. 
DILATATEUR, Dilator - d. Anterieur du 
larynx, Crico-thyroid muscle - rf. Posterieur du 
larynx, Crico-arytenoid, posterior. 
DILATATIO BRONCHIORUM, Bronchiec- 
tasis- d. Ventriculi, Gastrectasis - d. Intestino- 
rum, Enterectasis. 
DILATA'TION, Dilata'tio, from dilatare, 
(latum facere,) 'to enlarge;' Eurys'mus, Aneu- 
rys'mus, Dieurys'mus. Augmentation of the bulk 
of a body, occasioned by a separation of some of 
its molecules. Caloric has the property of dilat- 
ing all bodies. In Surgery, it means the acci- 
dental or preternatural augmentation of a canal 
or opening; as in aneurisms, varices, <tc., or the 
process of enlarging any aperture or canal. When 
used so as to obtain a view of parts, as by the 
speculum, it is termed Dioptris'mus. 
DILATATOIRE, Dilator. 
DILATATORIUM, Dilator. 
DILATATORIUS, Dilator. 
DILA'TING AGENTS, Dilatan'tia, (F.) Di- 
latants. Certain substances used in surgery, 
either to keep parts separate which have a ten- 
dency to unite - as after opening an abscess, to 
prevent the edges of the incision from uniting; 
or to increase and dilate openings of canals, either 
when natural, or formed accidentally or artifici- 
ally. These agents differ from each other: the 
chief are -prepared sponge tents, gentian root, 
bougies, sounds, dried peas for issues, <fcc. 
DILA'TOR, Dilatato' rius, Diastoleus, (F.) Di- 
latateur ou Dilatatoire. A muscle, whose office 
it is to dilate certain parts ; such as the inspira- 
tory muscles, which dilate the chest. 
Dilator, Dilatato'rium, (F.) Dilatateur. An 
instrument, used for dilating a wound, excretory 
canal, or other natural or artificial opening. When 
employed to obtain an inspection of internal 
parts, it is termed Spec' ulum, Diop'tra or Diop'-. 
tron. There are several instruments of this kind, 
each taking its name from the part to which it is 
applied; as Speculum Oris, S. Nasi, S. Uteri, Ac. 
Dilator, Arnott's. A modification of the old 
dilators for strictures of the urethra. It consists 
of a tube of oiled silk, lined with the thin gut of 
some small animal to make it air-tight, and fixed 
on the extremity of a small canula, by which it 
is distended with air or water, from a bag or 
syringe at the outer end, whilst a stop-cock or 
valve serves to keep the air or water in, when 
received. As soon as the bag is passed within 
the stricture or strictures, as much air is to be 
injected into it as the patient can easily bear. 
The instrument is not much used. 
Dilatores Alarum Nasi, Compressor naris. 
DILL, Anethum graveolens. 
DILLY. Anthemis cotula. 
DILUEN'TIA, from diluo, (dis, and luere,') 'I 
wash away.' (F.) Delayants. Medicines which, 
have been conceived proper for augmenting the 
fluidity of the blood and other animal liqnids. 
All aqueous drinks are diluents. They are ad- DILWEED 
ministered, with great advantage, in various dis- 
eases. In fever, water, which is the most familiar 
diluent, may be freely allowed; the only precau- 
tion being to give it hot in the cold stage, cold in 
the hot, and tepid in the sweating. In diseases, 
where it is considered necessary to abstract blood 
largely, diluents should not be given too freely. 
The abstraction of blood occasions activity of ab- 
sorption, and the mass is speedily restored. It 
is also obvious, that in cases of inflammation of 
the mammae, in nurses, diluents should not be 
freely allowed, as they increase the secretion of 
milk, and add to the irritation. When demulcents 
are exhibited in cases of urinary disease, they act 
simply as diluents : their mucilaginous portion is 
digested in the stomach and small intestine,- 
the watery portion alone being separated by the 
kidney. 
DILWEED, Anthemis cotula. 
DIMETRA, Dihysteria. 
DINANT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Dinant 
is a small town, six leagues from St. Malo, in 
France, where are mineral waters, containing car- 
bonate of iron, chloride of sodium, <tc. They are 
much esteemed. 
DINGEE, Dengue. 
DINICUS, Antidinic. 
DINKIIOLD, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
rich carbonated water, situate near the junction 
of the Lahn with the Rhine, in the duchy of Nas- 
sau. It contains sulphate of soda, chloride of 
sodium, carbonate of soda, sulphate of lime, car- 
bonate of lime, and sulphate of magnesia. 
DINOMANIA, Tarantismus. 
DINUS, Vertigo-d. Scotoma, Scotodynia-d. 
Vertigo, Vertigo. 
DIOBOLON, Scruple. 
DIOCRES, Pastil. 
DI ODOS, Diexodos. 
DICECESIS, Dispensation. 
DIONCO'SIS, from bia, and ojkos, 'a tumour.' 
The Methodists applied this name to a sort of 
tumefaction or plethora, occurring either directly 
from too great a quantity of fluid circulating in 
the system, or owing to the retention of sub- 
stances which ought to be excreted. It is the 
antithesis to symptosis. See Intumescence. 
DIONYSIA'NUS, from Aiorvao;, 'Bacchus,' 
who is represented by the poets as wearing horns. 
One who has long or horn-like excrescences. 
DIONYSIS'CUS, same etymon. One who has 
a long horn-like excrescence on the frontal region. 
-Vogel. 
DIOPHTHALMUS, Binoculus. 
DIOPTRA, Speculum, see Dilator. 
DIOPTRISMUS, Dilatation. 
DIOPTRON, Speculum, see Dilator. 
DIORTIIO'SIS,from&opSco, 'I make straight.' 
The reduction of a fractured or luxated limb. 
DIOSCOREA, see Yam. 
Diosco'rea Villo'sa, Wild Yamroot; indi- 
genous : Order, Dioscoriaceae; flowering in July. 
A decoction of the root has been prescribed in 
bilious colic. It is said to be expectorant, dia- 
phoretic, and, in large doses, emetic. 
DIOSCURI, Parotis. 
DIOSMA, D. crenata. 
Dios'ma Crena'ta, from ho;, 'divine,' and 
oo/o?, 'odour.' Baros'ma crena'ta, Agathos'ma 
crena'tum, Buchu Leaves, Diosma (Ph. U. S., 
1842, Buchu, 1851) Buckho, (F.) Diosmle cre- 
nelle. Nat. Ord. Diosmese. A South African 
plant, the powder of whose leaves is used by the 
Hottentots to perfume their bodies. It has been 
employed in chronic affections of the bladder and 
urinary organs in general. It has also been given 
in cholera. It is often adulterated in commerce, 
by the substitution of less potent plants of the 
DIPLOPIA 
same family, as Diosma serratifo'lia, and Eu~ 
pleu'rum serrula'tum. 
Diosma Serratifolia, D. crenata. 
DIOSMEE CRENELEE, Diosma crenata. 
DIOS'PYROS LOTUS, apparently from <hoj, 
'divine,' and jrupoj, 'wheat,' but why is not clear; 
Faba Grceca, Indian Date Plum, (F.) Plaquemi- 
nier d'Europe. This tree grows in some of the 
southern parts of Europe. Its fruit is very as- 
tringent, and has been recommended in dysentery 
and hemorrhages. 
Dios'pyros Virginia'na, Lotus Virginia'na, 
Persim'mon. A common tree in the middle parts 
of the United States. The fruit, Persim'mons, 
Yellow Plums, Winter Plums, Seeded Plums, which 
is only eatable after frost, (when it is tolerable,) 
is sometimes made into cakes with bran. These, 
being dried in an oven, are kept to make beer. 
When bruised in water, fermentation takes place, 
The unripe fruit is distressingly acerb and astrin- 
gent. The bark of the tree, Diospyros, (Ph. U. 
S.,) is extremely bitter, and may be used where 
bitters are indicated. 
DIOTA, Dyota, from <hf, and ovj, genitive 
ovro;, 'ear.' Two-eared, two-handled. Applied to 
a wooden cup, lined with a composition of resin, 
cinnamon, cloves, and ginger, to give more flavour 
to beer. It was formerly much used in the north 
of Europe. 
DIPHORUS, Diphrus. 
DIPHRUS, Di'phorus, from Sis, 'two,' and 
' I carry.' Properly a seat for two. A close 
stool. 
Diphrus Maieu'ticus, Sella obstetric"ia. An 
obstetric chair. 
DIPH'RYGES; from Sis, and <ppvyw, 'I tor- 
refy.' The oxide of copper, more or less pure. 
The ancients reckoned three kinds of diphryges, 
which they used as astringents. 
DIPHTHERIA, Diphtheritis. 
DIPHTHERITE BUCOALE, Stomatitis, 
pseudomembranous. 
DIPHTHERI'TIS, Diphther'ia, Diphtkerit'ic 
Inflammation, Pellic'ular Injl animation, from ci<p- 
0epa, 'a membrane.' A name given by M. Bre- 
tonneau to a class of diseases, which are charac- 
terized by a tendency to the formation of false 
membranes, and affect the dermoid tissue,-as the 
mucous membranes, and even the skin. 
Diphtheritis of the Throat, Angina pellicu- 
laris-d. Trachealis, Cynanche trachealis. 
DIPLASIASMUS, Duplication. 
DIPLECOIA, Double hearing. 
DIP'LOE, from iiitXoui, 'I double.' Diplo'sis, 
Meditvd'lium, Medium Calva'ria Discri'men. The 
cellular structure, which separates the two tables 
of the skull from each other. The ancients ap- 
plied the term, also, to the proper coat of the 
uterus (?)-Rolfink, in Castelli. 
The Diploe has the same use as the cellular 
structure of bones in general. See Cancelli. 
DIPLOGEN'ESIS, liirkoos, ' double,'and ym- 
ais, 'generation.' An organic deviation, which is 
owing to the union of two germs. 
DIPLOLEPIS GALL-E TINCTORLiE, see 
Quercus infectoria. 
DIPLO'MA. Same etymon as Diploe. A letter 
or writing conferring some privilege; usually 
applied to the document, certifying that a person 
has obtained the title of Doctor. It was so called 
because formerly written on waxed tables, folded 
together. Diploma is also used in pharmacy for 
a vessel with double walls,-as a water-bath. 
DIPLO'PIA, from trnXoos, 'double,' and oirre- 
t>ai, ' I see.* PisiM Duplica'tus, Ditto'pia, Dit- 
top'sia, Amphamphoterodiop'sia, Amphodiplo'pia, 
Double Vision, (F.) Re cue. An affection of the 
296 DIPLOSIS 
Bight, in which two distinct sensations qre pro- 
duced by the same object, which consequently 
seems double. Sometimes more than two are 
seen; but still the disease is termed Diplo'pia 
and Sujfu'sio Mult'iplicans. This affection arises 
from some derangement in the visual axes, in 
consequence of which, the images are not im- 
pressed on corresponding parts of the retina of 
each eye. The diplopia of both eyes has been 
termed Amphodiplo'pia and Amphoterodiplo'pia. 
DIPLOSIS, Diploe, Duplication. 
DIPLOSO'MA, from SmSoos, ' double,' and 
cuifia, ' body.' The Diplosoma crena'ta is an im- 
perfectly described entozoon, which has been 
passed from the urinary bladder. It varies in 
length from four to six or eight inches, and is 
thinnest in the middle, where it is bent at an 
acute angle upon itself, so that the two halves 
hang nearly parallel, and give to it an appear- 
ance as if two worms had been tied together by 
their heads. It has been confounded with the 
Spiroptera hominis. 
DIPNOOS, from Sif, and ttvoij, 'breath.' Hav- 
ing two vent holes; Bispi'rus. An epithet ap- 
plied to wounds which pass through a part, and 
admit the air at both ends.-Galen. 
DIPROSO'PUS, Iriod'ymus et Opod'ymus,from 
Si, ' double,' and npoatairov, ' countenance.' A 
monster having a double face. 
Diproso'pus Dijedce'us, from Si, 'double,' and 
irpoauitov, 'countenance;' and Si, 'double,' and 
aiSoia, 'parts of generation.' A double monster, 
in whom the duplication affects superiorly the 
face, and inferiorly the anterior pelvic region.- 
Barkow. 
Diproso'pus Dihypogas'trius, from Si, ' dou- 
ble,' and 7rpo<ro>7rov, ' countenance,' and from Si, 
' double,' and 'viroyaarpiov, ' the hypogastrium.' 
A double monster in whom the duplication affects 
superiorly the face, and inferiorly the lower part 
of the body-four lower extremities being always 
present;- Tetras'celus. 
DIPSA, Thirst. 
DIPSACOS, Diabetes. 
DIP'SACUS FULLO'NUM, Herba Car'dui 
Ven'eris, Car'duus Ven'eris, (F.) Cardere cultivi, 
Chardon d foulon, Chardon d bonnetier, has had 
similar properties ascribed to it. Both have been 
also regarded as stomachic. 
Dip'sacus Sylves'tris, from 'thirst,' 
said to be so called owing to the leaves being so 
placed as to hold water. Cultivated Teasel, 
(F.) CardSre. The roots of this European plant 
are diuretic and sudorific. The water, which col- 
lects at the base of the leaves, has been recom- 
mended as an eye-water. 
DIPSET'ICOS, from 'thirst.' A remedy 
believed to be capable of exciting thirst. See 
Alterative. 
DIPSO'DES, Sit"iens, Siticulo'sus, from SuJ-a, 
'thirst,' and eiSos, 'resemblance.' Thirsty. Caus- 
ing thirst. 
DIPSOMANIA, from SiAa, 'thirst,' and mania. 
Really, thirst-mania. Often, however, applied to 
habitual drunkenness and to delirium tremens. 
An insatiable desire for intoxicating liquors. 
DIPSOP'ATHY, Dipsopathi'a, from SiAa, 
'thirst,' and 7r«0og, 'disease.' A mode of treat- 
ment, which consists in abstaining from drinks. 
DIPSO'SIS. Same etymon. Morbid thirst. 
The desire for drinking, excessive or impaired. 
A genus in the class Coeliaca, order Enterica of 
Good. 
Dipso'sis Avens, Polydypsia - d. Expers, 
Adipsia. 
DI'PYGUS, from Si, 'double,' and miyrp 'the 
nates.' A double monster, the duplication being 
confined to the posterior portion of the lower end 
of the trunk-the coccygeal region. 
297 
DISEASE 
DIPYRE'NON, from hs, 'twice,' and nefmv, 
' a kernel.' A specil'lum or probe with two but- 
tons or kernels-one at each end. 
DIPYRITES, Biscuit. 
DIPYROS, Biscuit. 
DIRCA PALUS'TRIS, Leatherwood, Swamp 
Leatherwood, Moosewood, Swampicood, Hope- 
bark, Bois de plomb, (Canada.) An indigenous 
shrub, which grows in boggy woods and low wet 
places throughout the United States. It is ana- 
logous to mezereon, in its action, - six or eight 
grains of the fresh bark producing violent vomit- 
ing, preceded by a sense of heat in the stomach, 
often followed by purging. Applied to the skin, 
the bark vesicates. 
DIREC'TOR, Itinera'rium, from dirigere, di- 
rectum, (die, and regere, 'to rule,') 'to direct.' A 
Conductor. A grooved sound for guiding a knife, 
in dividing any part; (F.) Sonde cannelee. 
Director Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
DIRIBITORIUM, Mediastinum. 
DIRT-EATING, Chthonophagia. 
DIRUPTIO, Rhexis. 
DIS, Di. 
DISC, see Disk. 
DISCEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
DISCHARGE', (<7i«, charge,) Ec'roe., 
Fluxus, Proflu'vium, (F.) Ecoulement. In patho- 
logy, an increased discharge from any part, that 
naturally secretes a fluid. 
DISCHROA, Dyschroea. 
DISCREET', from discernere, discretsim, 'to 
separate.' Discre'tus, Intertinc'tus, Separated, 
(F.) Discret. This epithet is given to certain 
exanthemata, in which the spots or pustules are 
separated from each other. It is opposed to 
confluent. 
DISCIIET, Discreet. 
DISCRE'TA PURGA'TIO. The purgation 
or expulsion of some particular matter. 
DISCRETIVUS, Diagnostic. 
DISCRETORIUM, Diaphragm. 
DISCRI'MEN, Separation, Division. A ban- 
dage, used in bleeding from the frontal vein ; so 
called, because, in passing along the sagittal su- 
ture, it divides the head into two equal parts. 
Discrimen Calvaria Medium, Diploe - d. 
Narium, Septum N. 
Discrimen Nasi; a bandage, in the form of 
the letter X, intended to support the nose, in 
transverse wounds of the organ. 
Discrimen Thoracis et Ventris, Diaphragm. 
DISCUS PROLIGERUS, Proligerous disc - 
d. Vitellinus, Proligerous disc. 
DISCUSSkFS, Discutients. 
DISCUSSIO, Resolution. 
DISCUSSIVA, Discutients. 
DISCUSSORIA, Discutients. 
DISCU'TIENTS, Discutien'tia, Resolven'tia, 
Discussi'va, Diecusso'ria, from discutere, 'to shake 
apart,' (dis, and quatere, 'to shake.') (F.) Dis- 
cuss! fs. Substances which possess the power of 
repelling or resolving tumours. 
DISEASE', old French desaise;-from dis, and 
ease: Morbus, Notos, Nose'ma, Noseu'ma, Nusus, 
Pathos, Pathe'ma, Lues, Malum, Passio, xEgritu'- 
do, AEgrota'tio, Vit" iwni, Arrhos'tia, Arrhoste'nia, 
Arrhosten'ia, Valetu'do adver'sa, Mal'adg, Com- 
plaint, Sickness, Di stem'per. (F.) Maladie. An 
opposite state to that of health, consisting in a 
change either in the position and structure of 
parts, or in the exercise of one or more of their 
functions, or in both. 
By some, Disease is applied to structural 
change, whilst Disorder is restricted to functional 
derangement. 
The following table, essentially that of Dr. C. 
J. B. Williams, comprises the chief elements of 
structural disease. DISECOIA 
' Increased-Hypertrophy, 
Diminished-Atrophy. 
298 
DISPENSATORY 
' Inflammation, 
Induration, 
Softening, 
Transformation and Degeneration. 
Diseased 
Nutrition. 
Euplastic .... 
Cicatrices, 
False membranes, 
Deposits •. 
Cacoplastic... 
Cirrhosis, 
Fibro-cartilage, 
Gray tubercle, 
Atheroma, Ac. 
Perverted • 
Yellow tubercle, 
Calcareous 
matter, Ac. 
' Contraction, 
Dilatation, 
Obstruction, 
Compression, 
Displacement, 
Rupture, Ac. 
Aplastic 
Altered 
Mechanism. 
Nonmalignant 
Cysts, 
Tumours, 
Hydatids, Ac. 
Growths .. 
Malignant... • 
Carcinoma, 
Encephaloma, 
Melanosis, Ac. 
Disease, Blve, Cyanopathy - d. of Bright, 
Kidney, Bright's Disease of the - d. English, 
Rachitis - d. Extrinsic, External disease - d. 
Family, see Hereditary - d. Fungoid, Encepha- 
loid-d. Gastro-enteric, Gastro-enteritis-d. Hae- 
mato-cerebriform, Encephaloid - d. Hereditary, 
see Hereditary-d. Pretended, Feigned disease- 
d. Simulated, Feigned disease-d. Surgical, Ex- 
ternal disease. 
DISECOIA, Baryecoia. 
DISFIGURATION, Deformation. 
DISGORGE'MENT, (F.) Digorgement, from 
de, and gorge, ' the throat.' An opposite condi- 
tion to that of Engorgement. The discharge or 
abstraction of a certain quantity of fluid, which 
had previously collected in a part; as Disgorge- 
ment of bile. It also means particularly, a vomit. 
DISGUST', from de, and gustare, 'to taste.' 
Cibi fastid'ium, Aposit'ia, Asit'ia, Apoclei'sis, 
Abomina'tio, Siccha.'sia, Horror Cibo'rum, Loath- 
ing. An aversion for food. (F.) Digout. Dis- 
gust is not the same as Anorexia. The latter is 
only a want of appetite; the former consists in 
real repugnance for food. 
DISINFECTANT, Disinfec'tans, from dis, 
and infect. This term has been restricted by 
some to agents that are capable of neutralizing 
morbific effluvia; but the author includes under 
it, also, antiseptics or agents that are capable of 
removing any incipient or fully formed septic 
condition of the living body, or of any part of it. 
DISINFECTING LIQUID, SIR WILLIAM 
BURNETT'S, see Burnett's Disinfecting Liquid 
- d. Liquid, Labarraque's, Liquor sodae chlori- 
nate-d. Liquid of Ledoyen, see Ledoyen's dis- 
infecting liquid. 
DISINFECTION, Disinfec'tio. The act of 
destroying miasmata, with which the air, cloth- 
ing, Ac., may be infected. Various means have 
been proposed for this purpose. Those most 
commonly employed are: - chlorine, sulphurous 
and c).',yrohydric acid gases, vapours of vinegar, 
nitrous acid; and, what is, perhaps, the most 
manageable of any, and equally efficacious,- 
chlorinated lime, or any of the chlorides of the 
alkalies. It is questionable if any chemical ac- 
tion occur between these agents and the mias- 
mata, whence results a compound which is harm- 
less. Disinfection also includes the action of 
antiseptics. 
Chlorine or Oxymuriat'ic Fumiga'tion, Solu'- 
tio alexite'ria Gaubia'na, Fumiga'tio antiloim'- 
ica Gau'bii, Alexite'rium chlo'ricum, Fumiga'tio 
Gujponien'sis, is made by adding common salt 
to black oxide of manganese sulphuric 
acid and water This may be carried 
through an apartment, or be shut up in it. 
Nitrous Fumiga'tion, Alexite'rium Ni'tricvm, 
Fumiga'tio Smythia'na, may be formed by pla- 
cing nitrate of potass giv, and sulphuric acid jij, 
in a saucer on hot sand. 
DISJUNC'TI MORBI. (From dis, and jun- 
gere, junctum, 'to join.') Disjoined diseases. 
Fernelius has thus denominated diseases which 
occupy different organs, and are not produced by 
each other. 
DISK, BLOOD, Globules of the blood-d. In- 
tervertebral, Intervertebral Cartilage-d. Prolige- 
rous, see Proligerous Disk. 
DISLOCATIO LIENIS SEU SPLENIS, 
Splenectopia. 
DISLOCATION, Luxation. 
DISOD'ICUS, from <5<s, 'twice,' and oSos, 
'threshold.' Having a double opening. 
DISORDER, see Disease. 
DISORGANIZATION, Organo'rum destruc- 
tio, (F.) Disorganisation. A complete morbid 
change in the structure of an organ, or even 
total destruction of its texture. In sphacelus, 
and sloughy ulcers, we have examples of this 
change. 
DISPENSATRE, Dispensary, Dispensatory. 
DISPEN'SARY, Dispensa'rium, from dispen- 
dere, (dis and pendere, 'to weigh,') 'to take from 
a weight or mass,' 'to distribute.' The shop or 
place in which medicines are prepared. Also, an 
institution in which the poor are furnished with 
advice and necessary medicines. (F.) Dispen- 
saire. This word is also used by the French sy- 
nonymously with Dispensatory. 
DISPENSATION, Dispensa'tio, Dioece'sis, 
Epineme'sis. The composition and distribution 
of medicines according to prescription. In 
France, it is more commonly applied to the 
weighing, measuring, and arranging of the ar- 
ticles, which have to enter into a formula, prior 
to combining them. 
DTSPENSATOR, Apothecary. 
DISPEN'SATORY, Dispensato'rium; same 
etymon. Antidota'rium, Liber Pharmaceut'icus, 
(F.) Dispensaire. A book which treats of the 
composition of medicines. A Dispensatory dif- 
fers from a Pharmacopoeia, in containing the phy- 
sical and medical history of the various substances; 
whilst the Pharmacopoeia is mainly restricted to 
the mode of preparing them. The Pharmacopoeia 
too, is published under the authority of, and by, 
the members of a college or association ; whilst a 
dispensatory contains the whole of the Pharma- 
copoeia or Pharmacopoeias, with additions by the 
author, under whose authority, alone, it usually DISPLACED 
appears. The Pharmacopoeia, in other words, is 
officinal; the Dispensatory, generally, private. 
Formerly, the words were used indiscriminately. 
See Formulary, and Pharmacopoeia. 
DISPLACED, see Percolation. 
DISPLACEMENT, Percolation. 
DISPOSITION, Disposit"io, from din, and 
ponere, ' to put or set.' A particular condition 
of the body, which renders it susceptible of 
altering, suddenly, to a state of health or disease; 
- of improving, or becoming changed for the 
worse. The disposition to phthisis pulmonalis is 
sometimes so strong, owing to original conforma- 
tion, that the disease will make its appearance, 
notwithstanding every care. See Diathesis. 
DISPUTATIO, Thesis. 
DISQUE PROLIGERE, Proligerous Disk. 
DISRUP'TIO, from disrumpere, 'to break off.' 
A puncture, which interests deep-seated parts. 
DISSECTING ANEURISM, see Aneurism. 
DISSECTIO, Dissection - d. Tendinum, Te- 
notomy. 
DISSEC'TION, Dissec'tio, from dissecare, (dis, 
and secare, 'to cut,') 'to cut open;' Diac'ope, 
Sec'tio Anatom'ica, Practical Anatomy, Necrot'- 
omy. An operation, by which the different parts 
of the dead body are exposed, for the purpose of 
studying their arrangement and structure. Dis- 
section has received various names, according to 
the organ concerned; - as Osteotomy, Syndesmo- 
tomy, Myotomy, Angiotomy, Neurotomy, Desmot- 
omy, &e. 
DISSECTOR, Prosec'tor, Pro'tomus, same 
etymon. (F.) Prosecteur. A practical anatomist. 
One who prepares the parts for the anatomical 
lecture. 
DISSEPIMENTUM NARIUM, Septum na- 
rium-d. Thoracis. Mediastinum. 
DISSEPTUM, Diaphragm. 
DISSERTATION, INAUGURAL, Thesis. 
DISSIDENTIA, Diastasis. 
DISSIPIUM, Diaphragm. 
DISSOLUTIO SANGUINIS, Haemateclysis 
-d. Ventriculi, Gastromalaeia. 
DISSOLUTION, Dissolu'tio, Dial'ysis, from 
dissolcere, (dis, and solvere,) 'to loosen,' 'to melt.' 
This word is in frequent use, in the writings of 
the humourists. It is employed, particularly, in 
speaking of the blood;-to designate, not its en- 
tire decomposition or putrefaction, but a diminu- 
tion in its consistence. 
DISSOLUTION, Solution. 
DISSOLVANTS, Dissolventia. 
DISSOLVEN'TIA, Solvents, (F.) Dissolvants. 
Medicines believed to be capable of dissolving 
swellings, concretions, <fcc. Discutients, Resol- 
vents. 
DISTAD; from disto, (dis, and sto,) 'to stand 
apart.' Away from a centre. Towards the far 
extremity. In anatomy, used by Dr. Barclay 
adverbially, to signify 'towards the distal aspect.' 
DlbTAL ASPECT. An aspect of a bone from 
the trunk, or towards the extremity.-Barclay. 
DISTEMPER, Disease. 
DISTEMPERANTIA, Dyscrasia. 
DISPENSIO, Diatasis, Tension, Tetanus - d. 
Nervorum, Convulsion. 
DISTENSION DE LA VESICULE DU 
FI EL, Turgescentia vesicas fellern. 
DISTICHI'ASIS, Distich' ia, Districh'ia, Dis- 
trichi'asis, Distoe'chia, Distcechi'asis, from Sis, 
' double,' and 'a row.' An increased num- 
ber of eyelashes; some turned towards the eye, 
and irritating the organ ; whilst others preserve 
their natural direction.-Galen, Paulus of jEgina. 
See Entropion. 
DISTILLATIO UTERI. Leucorrhoea. 
I HAjA'T10S,Destilla'tio,Stalag'mos, from 
299 
DITTANY 
destillare, {de, and stillare,) 'to drop, little by lit- 
tle.' Catastalag'mos. An operation, by which-by 
the aid of heat and in close vessels-the volatile are 
separated from the fixed parts of bodies, with the 
view of collecting the former, when condensed in 
appropriate receivers. The ancients distinguished 
distillation per latus, per ascen'sum, and per de- 
scen'sum, according to the direction which the 
volatilized matters were made to take. In die- 
tillation per latus, the apparatus is so arranged, 
that the vapour passes horizontally through a 
succession of spaces before reaching the receiver. 
Distillation per ascensum is the ordinary method 
by the still. In distillation per descensum, the fire 
is applied above and around the top of the appa- 
ratus ; and it is so arranged that the vapour 
must pass downwards. When dry organic matter 
is placed in an apparatus for distillation, and heat 
is applied until all volatile matter is driven out, 
the process is called dry or destructive distillation. 
Distillation, Destructive, see Distillation- 
d. Dry, see Distillation - d. Per Ascensum, see 
Distillation-d. Per Descensum, see Distillation- 
d. Per Latus, see Distillation. 
DISTOC'IA, Ditoc'ia, from (5<y, 'twice,' and 
tokos, ' birth.' Delivery of twins. 
DISTtECIIIA, Distichiasis. 
DISTCECHIASIS, Distichiasis. 
JDIS'TOMA HEPAT'ICUM, from its, and 
arofia, 'mouth.' Fasci'ola hepat'ica, Plana'ria 
latius'cula, Fasciola huma'na, F. lanceola'ta, 
Gourd-worm, Fluke, Liver Fluke, (F.) Douve, 
D. du Foie. An obovate, flat worm, an ineh in 
length, and nearly an inch broad; sometimes 
found in the gall-bladder of man, whence it oc- 
casionally passes into the intestinal canal. It is 
one of the most common varieties of worms, in- 
festing the livers of the sheep, goat, ox, stag, 
fallow-deer, horse, ass, hog, hare, &e. The treat- 
ment is like that required for other worms. 
Distoma Oc'uli Huma'nl A parasite once 
observed in the eye of a child who had suffered 
from lenticular cataract.-Gescheidt. 
DISTORSIO, Distortion, Sprain, Strabismus 
-d. Oris, Canine laugh. 
DISTOR'TION, Distor'sio, Intor'sio, from dis- 
torquere, (dis, and torquere,) 'to wrest aside.' 
Diastrem'ma, Dias'trophe, Ligys'ma, (F.) Distor- 
tion. Usually applied to the preternatural cur- 
vature of a bone; as distortion of the spine, limbs, 
<fcc. It signifies, also, a morbid state of the 
muscles of the eye, constituting squinting or stra- 
bismus. 
DISTORTOR ORIS, Zygomaticus major. 
DISTRIBUTORS LACTEA THORACICA, 
Thoracic duct. 
DISTRICHIA, Distichiasis. 
DISTRICHIASIS, Distichiasis. 
DISTRIX, from <5iy, 'double,' and 'the 
hair.' Trichio'sis distrix, Fissu'ra capillo'rum. 
Hairs of the scalp, weak, slender, and splitting at 
their extremities. 
DITOCIA, Distocia. 
DITRACHYC'ERAS, from <5<j, 'two,' rpa'yys, 
' rough,' and repay, ' horn.' A genus of intestinal 
worms. The Ditrachyc'eras rudis, Die'eras rude, 
(F.) Bicorne rude. This entozoon was first ob- 
served in the evacuations of a female, by M. Sul- 
zer of Strasburg. It is of a fawn colour, from 3 
to 5 lines in length, with an oval head, flattened 
and terminating in a point posteriorly; contained 
in a membranous sac, and furnished, anteriorly, 
with a bifurcated, rugous horn. Laennec consi- 
ders it a vesicular worm or hydatid. See Worms. 
DITTANDER, Lepidium sativum. 
Dill ANY, Cunila Mariana - d. American, 
Cunila Mariana-d. Bastard, Dictamnus albus DITTECOIA 
i. of Crete, Origanum dictamnus - d. Mountain, 
Cunila Mariana. 
DITTECOIA, Double hearing. 
DITTOPIA, Diplopia. 
DITTOPSIA, Diplopia. 
DIURE SI AS ST HE 'SIS, DiureticocBethe' sie, 
UreeicBsthe'eis ; from iiovpciv, 'to pass the urine,' 
and aiadijcis, 'feeling.' The desire or want to 
pass the urine. 
DIURE'SIS, from Sia, 'through or by,' and 
ovpeia, 'I pass the urine.' An abundant excretion 
of urine. 
DIURET'IC, Diuret'icue, lechwret'ic, same 
etymon; Uret'icue, Urina'lie. A medicine which 
has the property of increasing the secretion of 
urine. Diuretics act by producing a discharge 
of the watery and other parts of the blood ; and, 
by such discharge, indirectly promote absorption 
over the whole system. Hence, they are em- 
ployed in dropsy. The following are the chief 
Diuretics: - Cantharis; Cantharis Vittata; Po- 
tass® Acetas ; Potass® Liquor; Cahinca; Col- 
chici Radix; Colchici Semen; Digitalis; Diosma 
Crenata; Juniperus; Oleum Terebinthin®; Po- 
tass® Nitras; Potass® Bitartras; Scilla; Sod® 
Sales, and Spiritus JEtheris Nitriei. 
DIURETICA, Arnica Montana. 
DIURETICO-rESTHESIS, Diuresi®sthesis. 
DIVARICATIO, Ectropion. 
DIVERSORIUM CHYLI,Receptaculumchyli. 
DIVERTICULA SPIRITUUM ANIMA- 
LIUM. Ganglions, nervous. 
DIVERTICULUM, Devertic'ulum. 'A turn- 
ing;' from dicertere, (di, and vertere,) 'to turn 
aside.' A blind tube branching out from the 
course of a longer one. An organ which is capa- 
ble of receiving an unusual quantity of blood, 
when the circulation is obstructed or modified 
elsewhere, is said to act as a diverticulum. Also, 
a malformation or diseased appearance of a part, 
in which it passes out of its regular course. It 
is sometimes applied to such a condition of the 
alimentary canal. Also, a hole to get out at. A 
by-passage. See Ectrope. 
Divertic'ulum Nuc'kii. The opening through 
which the round ligaments of the uterus pass.- 
Parr. 
Diverticulum Piiaryngis, Pharyngocele. 
DIVI'DING, Div'idens, from di or dis, and 
the Hetruscan verb iduo, 'to part or portion.' 
That which divides or separates. 
Dividing Bandage, Fas'cia div'idens, (F.) 
Bandage divisif, is a bandage employed for the 
purpose of keeping parts separated from each 
other. It is used particularly to prevent impro- 
per union; as in cases of burns of the neck or 
other parts. 
DIVINATIO, Mantia. 
DIVISION, Divis'io, Dice'resis. The acciden- 
tal separation of parts naturally united ; in other 
words, a wound or solution of continuity. Most 
frequently, however, it means an operation, which 
consists in cutting certain parts, with the view of 
fulfilling some therapeutical indication. 
DIVUL'SIO, Dias'pasis, from divellere, (die, 
and vellere,) 'to pull asunder.' A term used in 
Surgery, to express the rupture or laceration of 
organs by external violence. 
Divulsio Cloudiness of urine. - See 
En®orema 
DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, Pilul® 
antibilios®. 
DIYLISIS, Colatio. 
DIYLISMUS, Colatio. 
DIZZINESS, Vertigo. 
DOCCIONE, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
spring is at Lucca, in Italy. It is a thermal saline. 
DODECAPIIARMACUM 
DOCII'ME, A measure of the Greeks, 
equal to about four fingers' breadth : Dactylo- 
doch'me. 
DOCIMA'SIA, Docimas'tice, Docimasiolog"ia, 
from SoKigafa, ' I try or prove the quality of any 
thing.' The act of assaying. 
Docima'sia Medicamento'rum et VenEno'- 
rum. The testing of medicines and poisons. 
Docima'sia Pulmo'num, D. Pulmona'lis, Pne- 
obiomanti'a, Pneuobiomanti'a, Pneobioman'tica. 
Lung proof, Respiration proof. Different proofs 
to which the organs of respiration of a new-born 
child are subjected, for the purpose of detecting 
whether it has or has not respired after birth; in 
other words, whether it was born alive or dead; 
- Pneusiobiogno'sis, Pneusiobios'cope. These 
consist, chiefly, 1. In testing them with water, 
for the purpose of seeing whether the lungs are 
specifically heavier or lighter than that fluid. 
This is called Docimasia Pulmonum hydrostat'lea 
or the Hydrostatic Test. If lighter, it would be 
some evidence that the foetus had respired: 2. 
In comparing the weight of the lungs with that 
of the whole body; the weight of lungs in which 
respiration has taken place being nearly twice as 
great. This is Docima'sia Pulmo'num Stat'ica, 
or Ploucquet's Test; and, 3. By measuring the 
circumference of the thorax and lungs ; and com- 
paring their dimensions with those of an infant 
which has not respired. This is Daniel's Test. 
These tests, singly, afford only probable evi- 
dence ; but when united, the deductions may be 
more conclusive. 
DOCIMASIOLOGIA, Docimasia. 
DOCK, BLOODY, Rumex sanguineus - d. 
Blunt-leaved, Rumex obtusifolius - d. Cresses, 
Lapsana-d. Sour, Rumex acetosa-d. Sour, bo- 
real, Oxyria reniformis-d. Water, Rumex hydro- 
lapathum-d. Wild, sharp-pointed, Rumex aeutus. 
DOCNA SURA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
This spring is in the Krapach mountains. The 
water contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of 
soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate of lime, silica, 
and iron. 
DOCTOR, Med'icus, from doctus, 'learned;' 
' un homme qui devrait etre doete.' A Physician. 
Frequently applied to any one who practises me- 
dicine; although properly confined to him who 
has received his degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
DOCTRINA GALLIANA, Craniology-d. So- 
teria, Medicina. 
DOCTRINE, MED'ICAL, Doctri'na Med'ica. 
The principles or positions of any medical sect 
or master. Medicine has been too full of doc- 
trines. One of the first was that of Herodicus 
of Selivnea, who recommended gymnastic exer- 
cises in disease. The chief founders of doctrines 
have been Hippocrates, Serapion of Alexandria, 
Philinus of Cos, Ilerophilus, Asclepiades, The- 
mison of Laodicea, Thessalus of Tralles, Soranus 
of Ephesus, Leonides of Alexandria, Athenams 
of Attalia, Archigenes of Apamaea, Agathinus of 
Sparta, Galenus, Paracelsus, John Baptist van 
Helmont, Sylvius de le Boe, Keill, Bamberger, 
Pitcairne, H. Boerhaave, J. E. Stahl, Frederick 
Hoffmann, George Baglivi, Cullen, Darwin, John 
Brown, Beddoes, Girtanner, Reil, Rush, Rasori, 
and Broussais. 
Doctrine, Physiological, Broussaism. 
DODDER, Cuscuta glomerata-d. American, 
Cuscuta glomerata-d. of Thyme, Cuscuta epi- 
thymum. 
DODECADACTYLITIS, Duodenitis. 
DODECADACTYLON, Duodenum. 
DODECAPHAR'MACUM, from Mm, 
'twelve,' and 'a medicine.' An an- 
cient name given to all medicines which con- 
300 DODECATHEON 
dsted of twelve ingredients. See Apostolorum 
Unguentum. 
DODECATH'EON, from Mcko, 'twelve,' and 
riSr/pi, 'I put.' An antidote, consisting of twelve 
simple substances.-Paulus of ASgina. 
Dodecatheon, Sanicula-d. Plinii, Pinguicola 
vulgaris. 
D0D0NA3A, Myrica gale. 
Dodoxai'a Thuxbergia'na. A shrub of the 
Nat. Ord. Sapindacere, which grows at the Cape 
of Good Hope. A decoction of the root is used 
as a gentle cathartic in fever. 
DODRANS, Spithama. 
DOGCHOAK, Cynanche. 
DOGDAYS, (F.) Jours Caniculaires. During 
these days, comprised between the 24th of July 
and the 23d of August, the temperature of the 
air in Europe is generally high and oppressive. 
They have received this name from the dogstar, 
Canic'ula, Scipios, Si'rius - a very brilliant star 
in the constellation of the great dog, which rises 
and sets, at this time, with the sun. It was for- 
merly believed to be a period particularly unpro- 
pitious to health ; that it was dangerous to purge 
during it; and other phantasies were indulged in 
regard to it. 
DOGGRASS, Triticum repens. 
DOGMAT'IC, from the Greek ioypa, from 
ioiccii), ' I think.' Dogmat'icus. -The name of an 
ancient medical sect; so called, because its mem- 
bers endeavoured, by reasoning, to discover the 
essence of diseases and their occult causes; whilst 
the Empirics, their rivals, confined themselves 
strictly to experience; i. e., to the observation 
of facts. The union of the two modes of inves- 
tigation makes the rational physician. These 
sectarians are likewise called Dog'matists, and 
their doctrine Dog'matism. The founders of the 
sect were Hippocrates, Thessalus, Draco, and 
Polybius ; and the most celebrated of its support- 
ers were Dioeles of Carysta, Praxagoras of Cos, 
Chrysippus of Soli, Herophilus, Erasistra.tus, &c. 
DOGS' BANE, Apocynum androsaemifolium- 
d. Bane, bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium. 
DOGS' GRASS, Triticum repens. 
DOGS' STONES, Orchis mascula. 
DOGSTAR, Canicula. 
DOGTREE, Cornus Florida. 
DOGWOOD, Cornus Florida-d. Blueberried, 
Cornus sericea-d. Female, Cornus sericea-d. 
Florid, Cornus Florida-d. Great flowered, Cornus 
Florida-d. Jamaica, Piscidia erythrina-d. New 
England, Cornus sericea-d. Pond, Cephalanthus 
occidentalis-d. Silky-leaved, Cornus sericea- 
d. Virginian, male, Cornus Florida-d. Round- 
leaved, Cornus circinata-d. Swamp, Cornus se- 
ricea, Ptelea trifoliata. 
DOIGT, Digitus - d. Auriculaire, Auricular 
finger-d. Milieu, see Digitus - d. Petit, see Di- 
gitus. 
DOIGTIER, Digitale, Digitalis - d. d'Asdru- 
bali, see Digitale. 
DOLABRA, Ascia, Doloire. 
DOLICHOCEPH'AL JE (GENTES); from <5o- 
'long,' and KityaXri, 'head.' Longheads. 
Nations of men whose cerebral lobes completely 
cover the cerebellum - as the Kelts, Germans, 
negroes, <fcc.-Retzius. 
DOL'ICHOS, from 'long.' A genus 
of plants of the leguminous family. It includes 
a number of species, generally indigenous in 
India or America. The Dol'ichos Lablab, or 
Lablab, is found in Egypt. (Prospero Alpini.) 
Its fruit is eaten there, like the haricot with us. 
The Dol'ichos Sinen'sis, is eaten in China, and is 
stored up as a provision for long voyages. The 
Dol'ichos Tubero'sus, (F.) Pois Patate of Mar- 
301 
DORONICUM 
tinique, has tuberous roots of the size of both 
fists, and has the consistence and taste of the 
turnip. The Dol'ichos Bulbo'sus of the West In- 
dies resembles the turnip; - and from the Dol'i- 
chos Soja, the Japanese prepare the well-known 
sauce Soy, which they term Sooja. The most 
important in medicine, is the 
Dol'ichos Pru'riens, Dol'ichos, Stizolo'bium, 
Mucu'na pru'riens, Negre'tia pru'riens, Cowhage, 
Cowitch, Adsaria Paia. Order, Leguminosee. 
(F.) Pois d gratter. The stiff hairs of the Doli- 
chos Pods, called Dolichos Pubes, D. Prurien'tis 
pubes, Dolichi Set<e Legu'minum, Lanu'go Sil'i- 
qute hirsu'tce, Mucu'na, (Ph. U. S.,) are the parts 
used in medicine. They excite an intolerable, 
prurient sensation when applied to the skin ; but 
do not irritate the mucous membrane over which 
they pass, when administered internally. The 
Dolichos is a mechanical anthelmintic, and is 
useful in cases of ascarides lumbricoides, and 
oxyures vermiculares. Dose, gr. v to x, of the 
pubes, in molasses. 
Mucu'na pruri'ta, a distinct species, but pos- 
sessing similar properties, grows in the East 
Indies. 
DOLOIRE (F.), As'ci a, Dol'abra, 'a carpen- 
ter's axe.' A Bandage en doloire is one in which 
the turns are so placed, that each one covers two- 
thirds of that which is immediately beneath it. 
It has received the name Doloire from its repre- 
senting the obliquity of the edge of the instrument 
whose name it bears. See Bandage. 
* DOLOR, Pain-d. Ani, Proctalgia-d. Capitis, 
Cephalalgia-d. Cephalicus, Cephalalgia-d. Co- 
licus. Colic-d. Crucians faciei, Neuralgia, facial 
--d. Dentium, Odontalgia-d. Dentium a stridore, 
Ilsemodia-d. Faciei, Neuralgia, facial-d. Ischi- 
adicus nervosus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea-d. 
Lenis, Hypodynia-d. Mitis, Ilypodynia-d. Ne- 
phreticus, Nephralgia-d. Pectoris externus, Pleu- 
rodynia-d. Pudendorum, Pudendagra-d. Rheu- 
maticus et arthriticus, Rheumatism. 
DOLORES AD PARTUM, Pains, labour-d. 
Intestinorum, Colic - d. Parturientis, Pains, la- 
bour-d. Post partum, Pains, after-d. Puerpera- 
rum, Pains, after-d. Rodentes, Pains, gnawing. 
DOMBEY'A EXCEL'SA, Arauca'ria Dom- 
bey'i. A tree, which inhabits Chili, and furnishes 
Dombeya turpentine; a glutinous, milky-looking 
fluid of a strong odour and taste. 
D 0 M E S' TIC, Domes'ticus, from domus, *a 
house.' The term Domestic or Pop'ular Med'i- 
cine, has been given to treatises written for the 
purpose of enabling those who are not of the pro- 
fession to treat diseases, which may occur in their 
families, without the necessity of calling in a 
physician. The term, likewise, signifies-Medi- 
cine, when thus practised. It is probable, that 
such works have been attended with mischievous 
as well as advantageous results. 
DOMINA'RUM AQUA. A medicine described 
by Myrepsus, which he considered emmenagogue. 
DOMPTE-VENIN, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
DOMUS LEPROSARIA, Ladrerie. 
DONDO, Albino. 
DONESIS, Agitation. 
DORADILLA, Asplenium ceterach. 
DORCADIZON, Caprizans. 
DOREA, Hemeralops. 
DOREMA AMMONIACUM, see Ammoniac, 
Gum. 
DORMITATIO, Somnolency. 
DORMITIO, Sleep-d. Lucumoriana, see Lu. 
cumorianus. 
DORONIC, Doronicum pardalianches - d. 
d' Allemagne, Arnica montana. 
DORONICUM ARNICA, Arnica montana-d- DORSAD 
Cordatum, D. Pardalianches - d. Germanicum, 
Arnica inontana-d. Officinale, D. Pardalianches 
--d. Oppositifolium, Arnica montana. 
Doron'icum Pardalian'ches, D. Roma'num 
seu Corda'tum seu Officinale, Roman Leap'ard's 
Bane, (F.) Doronic, Mort aux Panthires. The 
root of this plant resembles Arnica Montana in 
its properties. 
DOROXICUM ROMANUM, D. Pardalianches. 
DORSAD, see Dorsal Aspect. 
DORSAL, Dorsa'lis, from dorsum, 'the hack.' 
Notice'us, Notal, Tergal. Relating to the back 
of the body, or of one of its parts; as the Dorsal 
vertebrae, nerves, <tc.; Dorsal artery of the tongue, 
penis, <tc.; Dorsal region of the foot, hand, &c.; 
Dorsal Consumption, &c. 
Dorsal Aspect. An aspect towards the dor- 
sum or backbone.-Barclay. Dorsad is used by 
the same writer adverbially, to signify ' towards 
the dorsal aspect.' 
DORSAL, LONG, Longissimus dorsi. 
DORSALIS, Dorsal. 
Dorsa'lis Penis, (Nervus.) The branch of 
the internal pudic nerve, which is distributed to 
the upper part of the male organ; and to the 
clitoris of the female. 
DORSO-COSTAL, Serratus posticus superior 
-d. Lombo-costal, Serratus posticus inferior-d. 
Lombo-sacro-humhral, Latissimus dorsi-d. Sus- 
acromien, Trapezius - d. Trachelon - occipital, 
Complexus. 
DORSTENIA BRASILIENSIS, Caa-apia. 
Dorstenia Contrayer'va, called after Dr. 
Dorsten ; Contrayer'va, Drake'na, Oype'rus lon- 
gus, o'dorus seu Perua'nus, Bezoar'dica Radix, 
Dorste'aia Housto'nii, Lisbon Contrayer'va, (F.) 
Racine de Charcis, R. de Dracke, Racine des 
Philippines. Family, Urticese. Sex. Syst. Te- 
trandna Monogynia. A plant of South America, 
whose root, Contrayer'va (Ph. U. S.), is aromatic, 
bitter, and astringent. It has been given as a 
tonic, stimulant and sudorific. Dose, gr. xij 
to gss. « 
Dorstenia Cordifolia, D. Brasiliensis - d. 
Placentoides, D. Brasiliensis-<L Vitella, D. Bra- 
siliensis. 
DORSUM, Notos, Noton. The back. Metaph'- 
renon, Tergum, (F.) Dos. The posterior part of 
the trunk, extending from the inferior and poste- 
rior region of the neck as far as the loins. The 
back of the foot, Dorsum pedis, is the upper part 
of that organ, opposite the sole: the back of the 
hand, Dorsum mantis, the part opposed to the 
palm. In the same sense, we say Dorsum penis, 
Dorsum nasi, for the upper part of those organs. 
Dorsum, Vertebral column - d. Mantis, Opis- 
thenar. 
DORYCIMUM, Costus creticus. 
DOS, Dorsum. 
DOSE, Dosis, Proe'bium. The quantity of any 
substance, which ought to form part of a com- 
pound medicine, or ought to be exhibited singly, 
to produce a desired effect. Many circumstances 
influence the doses of medicine. Women require 
smaller doses, as a general principle, than men. 
Habit has a great effect, as well as climate, age, and 
idiosyncrasy: all these, and other circumstances, 
must be taken into account; and every general 
rule on the subject will be found to have numer- 
ous exceptions. Some of the mechanical physi- 
cians laid it down as a rule, that the doses of 
medicines must always be as the square of the 
constitution !-A matter not easy of calculation. 
The following Tables will exhibit an approxi- 
mation to the proper doses (according to age) of 
most substances. 
302 
DOUCHE 
Table of Doses according to Age. 
Age" 24 
Let the full dose he 
1 
1 drachm. 
18 
will require 
2-3ds. 
2 scruples. 
14 
halt'. 
| drachm. 
7 
l-3d. 
1 scruple. 
4 
l-4th. 
15 grains. 
3 
1-tith. 
10 grains. 
2 
l-8th. 
8 grains. 
1 
l-12th. 
5 grains. 
The table of doses, according to age, recommen- 
ded by Dr. Thomas Young, differs in some respects 
from the above. Either affords a sufficient gene- 
ral approximation. His rule is, that 
For children, under twelve years of age, the 
doses of most medicines must be diminished in 
the proportion of the age to the age increased by 
twelve : 
2 
Thus, at two years, to l-7th: i. e., l-7th =- 
At twenty-one the full dose is given. 
Doses, Broken. When an agent is given in 
small portions it is said to be in broken doses,- 
refractis dosibus. 
DOSIOLOGIA, Posology. 
DOSIS, Dose. 
DOSSIL, Bourdonnet. 
DOTAGE, Dementia. 
DOTHIEN, Furunculus. 
DOTHIENENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
D0 THIENENTEIIIE, Dothinenteritis. 
DOTHINENTERIA, Dothinenteritis. 
DOTHIENTERI'TIS, properly Dothienenteri'- 
tis, Dothienenter' ia, Dothinenter'ia, Enteri'tis pus- 
tulo'sa, Enterodothie'nia, Helcenteri'tis, Follic'- 
ular Gastroenteri'tis, from Minv, ' a pustule,' 
and cvrtpov, 'intestine.' (F.) DothinenUrite, Do- 
thinenterie,D<ithieuentf.rie,])<jthienenterite, An in- 
flammation and ulceration of the glands or folli- 
cles of Peyer and Brunner, which Bretonneau 
considers to be the essence of a large class of 
fevers, particularly of those of the typhoid cha- 
racter. See Typhus. 
DOTIIION, Furunculus. 
DOTTRINA MEDICA ITALIANA, Contro- 
stimulus, (doctrine of.) 
DOUBLE-CONSCIOUSNESS, see Conscious- 
ness, double. 
DOUBLE-HEARING, Dipleco'ia, Ditteco'ia, 
Paracu'sis duplica'ta, P. Imperfec'ta. The ac- 
tion of the one ear unaccordant with that of 
the other: sounds heard doubly, and in different 
tones or keys. 
DOUBLE-MONSTERS, see Duplication. 
DOUCE AMEUE, Solanum dulcamara. 
DOUCHE, (F.) In Italian, doccia; modern 
Latin, ducia; Cataclys'mus, Douse. This term 
is applied to a column of fluid, of a determi- 
nate nature and temperature, let fall upon 
the body. Pumping is a variety of the Douche. 
In using this kind of bath, the fluid is directed 
upon the part on which we are desirous of acting. 
The douches descendantes are those in which the 
fluid falls from a height, - the douches ascendan- 
tes, those administered in diseases of the uterus, 
-the douches horizontales, where the fluid is im- 
pelled horizontally, <tc. They may be cold or 
warm, according to circumstances. The appa- 
ratus consists of a reservoir of water having a 
pipe or plug, by means of which the water can be 
directed as the practitioner may desire. The 
Douche communicates a considerable and peculiar 
shock to the nervous system; and is one of the 
most successful means for taming the furious DOULEUR 
maniac. It is, also, useful in chronic rheumatism, 
stiff joints, &c. 
Douches of air are, also, occasionally used, as 
in cases of obstruction of the Eustachian tube by 
mucus. They are sent from an air-press-of 
which Deleau and Kramer have invented one 
each-through a catheter introduced through the 
nose into the tube. 
DOULEUR, Pain-d. de C6te, Pleurodynia- 
d. des Dents, Odontalgia-d. de V Estomac, Cardial- 
gia-d. Nivrqdgique de I'Estomac, Cardialgia-d. 
Pulsative, see Throbbing. 
DOULEURS,Pains,labour-d. Conquassantes, 
see Conguassant. 
DOUSE, Douche. 
DOUVE, Distoma hepaticum- d. du Foie, 
Distoma hepaticum-d. Petite, Ranunculus 11am- 
mula. 
DRACIIION, Pugillus. 
DRACHM, Drachma, Dram, (F.) Gros. The 
ancient name of a piece of money, weighing the 
eighth part of an ounce. At the present day it 
is used for this weight. 
DRACO MITIGATUS, Hydrargyri submurias 
-d. Sylvestris, Achillea ptarmica. 
DRACOCEPH'ALUM CANARIEN'SE, 
D. Moldav'icum, Melis'sa Tur'cica, Cedronel'la 
triphyl'la, Melis'sa Canariensis, Alpi'ni Bal'sa- 
mum, Turkey Balsam, Cana'ry Balsam, Balm of 
Gil'ead Tree, (F.) Melisse de Moldavie. A Turkish 
and Siberian plant, which has an aromatic taste, 
joined with an agreeable flavour. It has been 
used as a tonic. 
DRACONTIIjEMA, see Calamus rotang. 
DRACONTIUM, Dracunculus. See, also, Dra- 
contium foetidum. 
Dracon'tium Fce'tidum, Dracon'tium, Icto'des 
foe'tidus, Symplocar'pus foe'tida, Pothos foe'tida, 
Arum America'num betce fo'lio, Pothos Puto'rii, 
Spathye'ma foe'tida, Skunk-cabbage, Skunk-weed, 
Polecat-collard, Cow-collard, Collard, Itch-weed, 
Stink-poke, Swamp-cabbage, Pole'cat-weed, Hel- 
lebore, El'lebore, Irish cabbage. Nat. Ord. Aroi- 
dess. »Sea:. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. This 
indigenous plant, a-s some of its names import, is 
extremely fetid. The property on which its me- 
dical virtues are dependent, resides in a volatile 
principle, which is impaired by long keeping, 
especially in powder. Dose, of the dried root, 
Dracontium, (Ph. U.S.,) ten to twenty grains. It 
resembles asafcetida and other fetid gums in its 
properties; in other words, belongs to the class 
of reputed antispasmodics. 
Dracontium Angustis'patha, Symplocar'pus 
Angustis'patha, Narrow-spathed Skunk-cabbage, 
is possessed of similar properties. 
DRACUN'CULUS, Dracon'tium, Vena Medi- 
na Ar'abum, Vena seu Gor'dius Medinen'sis, Ver- 
tnic'ulus Capilla'ris, Dracun'cuius Gordius, Fila'- 
ria Medinen'sis seu Guineen'sis, Malis Dracun'- 
culus, Malis Gor'dii, Helminthon'cue Medinensis, 
Muscular Hairworm, Bichios, Bicho, Guinea 
Worm or Threadworm, (F.) Dragonneau, Ver de 
Guinte, Ver Filaire, V. de MeRine, V. cutani, 
Veine de Midine. A genus of worms, frequently 
met with in Indian and African climes. They 
are characterized by a filiform body, and are 
smooth and nearly of equal thickness throughout. 
The Guinea worm, when small, insinuates itself 
through the cutaneous pores, and penetrates into 
the areolar membrane and between the muscles; 
especially between those of the lower limbs, where 
it occasions a tumour like a boil, which subse- 
quently suppurates, and the head of the worm 
appears and emerges gradually. The head must 
then be seized, and the worm be cautiously rolled 
round a small cylinder of linen or other sub- 
stance. Care must be taken not to break it, as 
303 
5 DRIBURG 
great pain and obstinate suppuration might be 
the consequence. 
Considerable obscurity rests on this subject. 
Some even deny that the cases of Dracunculus, 
on record, are really those of worms. 
Dracunculus Polyphyllus, Arum dracuncu- 
lus-d. Pratensis, Achillea ptarmica. 
DRAGEES, (F.) Almonds or dried preserves, 
covered with white sugar; Sugar-plums. 
DRAGEES DE KE YSER. A pharmaceuti- 
cal preparation, formerly much celebrated in 
syphilis. It was composed of acetate of mercury, 
manna, starch, mucilage and gum tragacanth. 
DRAGMA, Pugillus. 
DRAGMIS, Pugillus. 
DRAGON (F.), Dragon. Some authors have 
given this name to opake spots on the cornea, 
and to cataract. 
Dragon Claw, Scaly, Pterospora andromedea 
- d. Root, Arum triphyllum, Pterospora andro- 
medea-d. Turnip, Arum triphyllum. 
DRAGON'S BLOOD, see Calamus rotang. 
DRAGONNEAU, Dracunculus. 
DRAINING, Desicca'tio, (F.) Desseehement. 
The act of drawing off the water from marshes, 
for the purpose of destroying the unhealthy ema- 
nations which proceed from them. It is a well 
known fact, that from marshes arise certain ema- 
nations or miasmata, with the nature of which 
we are, however, totally unacquainted, but which 
are the fertile source of intermittents and other 
diseases. Draining the soil and converting it 
into arable land changes its character, and the 
malaria ceases to be given off. It has happened, 
however, that although in some such situations 
intermittents have been got rid of, consumptions 
have taken their place. 
DRAITSCII WATER, Godesberg, mineral 
waters of. 
DRAKENA, Dorstenia contrayerva. 
DRAPE A U, (F.) Vexil'him, from drap, ' cloth.' 
A bandage, used in wounds, &e., of the nose, to 
keep the dressings in situ. It is composed of a 
small triangular compress, having two openings 
at its inferior part, corresponding to those of the 
nostrils. It is fixed by means of a bandage, 
passing from its superior angle over the head, 
and another passing round the head, under the 
orbits, so as to join the first at the nape of the 
neck. Also, Pterygion. 
DRAP FANON, see Fanon. 
DRASTIC, Dras'ticus, Cenot'ic, from Spam, ' I 
operate strongly.' Active. An epithet given to 
purgatives, which operate powerfully; as elate- 
rium, oil of croton, <tc. 
DRAUGHT, Haustus. A term also applied 
by nurses to the sudden rush of blood to the 
mammae, occasioned in the mother by the sight, 
or even thought, of her infant, and which occa- 
sions a greatly increased secretion of milk. 
Draught, Black, see Infusum sennas compo- 
situm. 
DRAX, Pugillus. 
DREAM, Somnium-d. Waking,Hallucination. 
DRECHE, Malt. 
DREGS, Feculence. 
DREPANOIDES, Falciform. 
DRESS, Vestitus. 
DRESSER, from (F.) dresser, 'to put right.' 
An hospital assistant, whose office it is to dress 
wounds, ulcers, <fcc. He corresponds in function 
to the Eleve externe of the French hospitals. 
DRESSING, Cura, Cura'tio, (F.) Pansement. 
The methodical application of any remedy or ap- 
paratus to a diseased part. Also, the remedy or 
apparatus itself. 
DRIBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. At DRIMYPHAGIA 
the small town of Driburg, near Pyrmont, in 
Germany, there are nine springs, which are rich 
in saline ingredients, iron, and carbonic acid gas. 
Their action on the economy is like that of Pyr- 
mont water. They contain chloride of sodium, 
sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate 
of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonate of iron, 
chloride of calcium, and chloride of magnesium. 
DRIMYPHA'GIA, from <5pipus, 'acrid,' 'aro- 
matic,' and 0ayw, ' I eat.' An aromatic and ex- 
citing diet. 
DRIMYS WINTER!, Wintera aromatica. 
DRINK,from Sax. bpencan,Poma,Po'tio,Potus, 
Bev'erage, (F.) Boisson. Every liquid introduced 
into the alimentary canal for the purpose of re- 
pairing the loss of the fluid parts of the body. 
The necessity for its use is indicated by the sen- 
sation of thirst. Fluid, taken during a meal, aids 
in the digestion of the food. Some drinks are 
exciting and tonic, as the different varieties of 
beer, wine, and spirits, which we use at table. 
In a therapeutical point of view, drinks are used 
to appease the thirst which prevails in febrile 
affections, or to act as diluents in those and other 
cases. 
The ordinary drinks, according to their chemi- 
cal composition, are - 1. Water, spring water, 
river water, well water, Ac.-2. Juices and infu- 
sions of Animal and Vegetable substances, lemon 
juice, currant juice, whey, tea, coffee, mattee, Ac. 
- 3. Fermented Liquors, wines, ale, beer, cider, 
perry. - 4. Spirituous Liquors, brandy, alcohol, 
ether, kirschwasser, rum, arack, gin, whiskey, 
ratafias, cordials, Ac. 
DRIVELLING, Slavering. 
DROGUE, Drug. 
DROGUIER, (F.) Same etymon as drug. 
A collection of different simple medicinal sub- 
stances. 
DROGUISTE, Druggist. 
DROIT DE L' ABDOMEN, Rectus abdominis 
- d. Anttrieur de la cuisse, Rectus femoris-d. 
Anterieur de la tete, Rectus capitis internus minor 
d. Anterieur de la tete, grand, Rectus capitis in- 
ternus major - d. Externe de I'oeil, Rectus exter- 
nus oculi - d. Inf irieur de I'oeil, Rectus inferior 
oculi-d. Interne de la cuisse, Gracilis-d. Interne 
de I'oeil, Rectus internus oculi-d. Lateral de la 
tete, Rectus capitis lateralis - d. Postlrieur de la 
tete, grand, Rectus capitis posticus major-d. 
Posterieur de la tete, petit, Rectus capitis posticus 
minor-d. Superieur, Rectus superior oculi. 
DROP, Gutta. 
Drop, Ague, tasteless, Liquor arsenicalis - 
d. Black, Guttae nigrae-d. Red, Ward's, see Vinum 
antimonii tartarizati-d. Serene, Amaurosis. 
DROPACISMUS, Depilation. ' 
DROPAX, Depilatory. 
DROPPED HANDS, see Hands, dropped. 
DROPS, ABBE ROUSSEAU'S, Laudanum 
Abbatis Rousseau-d. Anodyne, Liquor morphi- 
nse acetatis-d. Antiscorbutic, Marsden's, see In- 
fusum gentianae compositum - d. Anti-venereal, 
see Tinctura ferri muriatis-d. Chamomile, see 
Anthemis nobilis - d. Dutch, Balsam of sulphur, 
Balsam of Turpentine-d. Fit, Spiritus ammonia; 
fcetidus, see Fuligo-d. Golden, de la Motte's, 
Tinctura seu alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri-d. 
Green's, see Liquor Hydrargyri oxymuriatis-d. 
Jesuit's, Tinctura benzoini composite-d. Laven- 
der, Spiritus Lavandulae compositus - d. Nitre, 
Spiritus aetheris nitrici-d. Norris's, see Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum-d. Norton's, Liquor Hydrar- 
gyri Oxymuriatis - d. Pectoral, Pectoral drops, 
Bateman's - d. Peppermint, Pastilli de mentha 
piperita - d. Soot, see Fuligo - d. Wade's, Tinc- 
tura benzoini composite-d. White, Ward's, see 
Hydrargyri nitras. 
304 
DUALITY 
Drops, Warburg's. A secret preparation used 
in Demarara under the name of Warfeury's Fever 
Drops. See Bebeeru. 
DROPSICAL, Hydropicus. 
DROPSY, Hydrops-d. of the Belly, Ascites- 
d. of the Brain, Hydrocephalus-d. of the Cellu- 
lar Membrane, Anasarca - d. of the Chest, Hy- 
drothorax-d. of the Eye, Hydrophthalmia. 
Dropsy, Fibrinous. Dropsy in which the 
effused fluid contains fibrin. 
Dropsy, General, Anasarca-d. of the Head, 
Hydrocephalus-d. of the Lachrymal Sac, Fistula 
lachrymalis, Lachrymal hernia - d. of the Peri- 
cardium, Hydropericardium - d. of the Perito- 
neum, Ascites - d. of the Pleurae, Hydrothorax 
- d. Water of, Serum of Serous membranes - d. 
Wind, Emphysema - d. of the Womb, Hydro- 
metra. 
DROPWORT, Spiraea filipendula - d. Hem- 
lock, CEnanthe-d. Water, Hemlock, Ginanthe- 
d. Western, Gillenia trifoliata. 
DROS'ERA ROTUNDIFO'LIA. The sys- 
tematic name of the Sundew, Ros soils, Drosio- 
bot'anon, Dro'sium, Rorel'la, (F.) Rossolis. This 
plant has a bitter, acrid, and caustic taste. It 
has been used as a rubefacient, and to destroy 
warts and corns. It has, also, been regarded as 
a pectoral. 
DROSIOBOTANON, Drosera rotundifolia. 
DROSIUM, Drosera rotundifolia. 
DROSOMELI, Fraxinus ornus. 
DRUG, Medicamen' turn, (F.) Drogue. A name 
ordinarily applied to simple medicines, but, by 
extension, to every substance employed in the 
cure of disease. Manage derives it from droga, 
and this from the Persian droa, 'odour;' because 
many drugs have a strong odour. It is, doubt- 
less, from the Teutonic trocken, Sax. bpigan, 'to 
dry.' 
Drug. To prescribe or administer drugs. 
Most commonly, perhaps, to dose to excess with 
drugs. 
Drug Disease. A morbid condition, which 
is-or is presumed to be - caused or kept up by 
the administration of drugs. 
Drug-grinder, see Pulverization - d. Mill, 
see Pulverization. 
DRUGGIST, Drugger, Dragster. Same ety- 
mon. Pharmacopo'la, Materialis'ta, Seplasia'- 
rius, Pharmacopoe'us, (F.) Droguiste. One who 
sells drugs. 
DRUM OF THE EAR, Tympanum. 
DRUM-SIEVE, see Cribration. 
DRUNKENNESS, Temulentia. 
DRYING, Desicca'tion, Sicca'tio, JCeran'sis, 
Auan'sis, Desicca'tio, Exsicca'tio; same etymon 
as Drug. Evaporation or removal of the super- 
fluous humidity in a body. 
Drying of Plants, Desicca'tion of Plants. 
Those which are very succulent should be dried 
quickly. They must be spread upon lattice work, 
covered from the light, and exposed to the heat 
of the sun or to that of a stove, not exceeding 
110° Fahrenheit. The drying of less succulent 
plants can be effected at a lower temperature. 
Flowers must be dried very carefully, excluding 
light. Seeds are dried in a place where there 
is a free current of air. Pulpy fruits may be 
exposed to a gentle heat in a stove, which may 
be gradually elevated. Roots may also be dried 
in the stove: the tuberous require to be cut in 
slices. 
DTHOKE, Framboesia. 
DUAL'ITY, Dual'itas, from duo, 'two.' The 
state or quality of being two. 
Duality of the Mind, or Brain. As the 
organ consists of two hemispheres, they have 
been regarded by some as separately and dis- DUCKFOOT 
tinctly concerned in the mental and moral mani- 
festations. 
DUCKFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
DUCKSFOOT, Podophyllum montanum. 
DUCT, ALIMENTARY, Canal, alimentary, 
Thoracic duct-d. of Bellini, Uriniferous tube - 
d. Nasal, Lachrymal duct - d. of Pecquet, Tho- 
racic duct - d. Vitelline, see Vesicula umbilicalis 
-d. of Wirsung, see Pancreas. 
DUCTIO PRxEPUTII, Masturbation. 
DUCTOR CANALICULATUS, Gorget -d. 
Urinae, Ureter. 
DUCTUS, Canal, Meatus-d. Arteriosus, Arte- 
rial duct-d. Auris palatinus, Eustachian tube. 
Ductus Bartholinia'nus, Bar'tholin's 
Duct, (F.) Canal de Bartholin. The excretory 
duct of the sublingual gland. 
Ductus Belliniani, Uriniferous tubes 
- d. Biliarii, Pori biliarii - d. Botalli, Arterial 
duct - d. Choledochus, Choledoch duct - d. 
Chyliferus, Thoracic duct - d. Cibarius, Canal, 
alimentary - d. Ferreini, Ferrein, canal of-d. 
llepaticus, Hepatic duet-d. Incisivus, Palatine 
duct (anterior) - d. Intestinalis, Canal, alimen- 
tary- d. Lacteus, Thoracic duct-d. Lachryma- 
lis, Lachrymal duct - d. Lacrumalis, Lachrymal 
duct-d. Nasalis orbitae, Lachrymal or nasal duct 
-d. Nasalo-palatinus, Palatine duct (anterior)- 
d. ad Nasum, Lachrymal or nasal duct-d. Nu- 
tritii, Canals, nutritive - d. Omphalo mesenteri- 
cus, see Vesicula umbicalis-d. Pancreaticus, see 
Pancreas - d. Pecqueti, Thoracic duct-d. Punc- 
torum lachrymaliuin, Lachrymal ducts-d. Rivi- 
niani, see Sublingual gland-d. Rorifer, Thoracic 
duet. 
Ductus Saliva'lis Infe'rior, Ductus Whar- 
tonia'nus, (F.) Canal de Warthon. The excre- 
tory duct of the submaxillary gland. 
Ductus Saliva'lis Supe'rior, Ductus Steno- 
nia'nus, Steno's Duct, (F.) Canal de Stenon. 
The excretory duct of the parotid gland which 
opens into the mouth opposite the second upper 
molar tooth. 
Ductus Semi-Circulares Labyrinthi, Semi- 
circular canals-d. Serosi, Lymphatic vessels-d. 
Spirales cochleae, Scalae of the cochlea-d. Ste- 
nonianus, Ductus salivalis superior - d. Thora- 
cicus, Thoracic duct-d. Urinae, Ureter-d. Uri- 
narius, Urethra-d. Uriniferi Bellini, Uriniferous 
tubes - d. Varicosi uteri, Tubae Fallopianae - d. 
Venosus, Canal, venous - d. Vitellarius, see Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis-d. Vitello-intestinalis, see Ve- 
sicula umbilicalis - d. Waltheriani, see Sublin- 
gual gland-d. Whartonianus, Ductus salivalis 
inferior. 
DUELECH, Dulech. 
DUEL'LA. The ancient name of a weight, 
which was equivalent to eight scruples. 
DUELLUM VENEREUM, Coition. 
DUG, Nipple. 
DULCAMARA, Solanum dulcamara-d. Flex- 
uosa, Solanum dulcamara. 
DULCEDO AMORIS, Clitoris. 
DULECH, Due'lech. A term employed by 
Paracelsus and Van Helmont to designate a pre- 
tended tartarized substance, which forms in the 
human body, and produces acute pain, accompa- 
nied with great danger. 
DULSE, Rhodomelapalmata-d. Pepper, Lau- 
rentia pinnatifida. 
DUMBNESS. Mutitas. 
DUNBLANE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The springs of Dunblane, in Scotland, contain 
sulphate of soda, chlorides of sodium and cal- 
cium, and carbonate of iron. 
DUNG, Fimus - d. Cow's, Fimus Vaccae - d. 
Goose, Fimus anseris - d. Stone-horse, Fimus 
equinus. 
305 
DWARFISHNESS 
- 
DUNGA, Dengue. 
DUODENI'TIS, Dodecadactyli'tie. A hybrid 
term, from duodenum, and itis, denoting inflam- 
mation. Inflammation of the duodenum, charac- 
terized by white tongue, bitter taste, anorexia, 
fulness and tenderness in the region of the duo- 
denum, and often yellowness of skin, along with 
the ordinary signs of febrile irritation. 
DUODE'NUM, Ventric'uhis Riiecentvria'tus, 
Ec'physis seu Appen'dix seu Procee'eue Ventric'- 
uli, Portona'rium, Dodecadac'tylon, (from laiStKa, 
'twelve,' and iaKTvXos, 'a finger.) The duode- 
num is the first part of the intestinal canal, com- 
mencing at the pyloric orifice of the stomach, and 
terminating in the jejunum. Its length is about 
twelve fingers'breadth, and as it is only partially 
covered by the peritoneum, it is susceptible of 
considerable dilatation; hence its name Ventri- 
culus succenturiatus. In the duodenum, chylifi- 
cation takes place after the admixture of the 
biliary and pancreatic fluids with the chyme. 
DUO-STERNAL. Bficlard thus names the 
second osseous portion of the sternum, which 
corresponds to the second intercostal space. 
DUPLICA'TION, (duo, 'two,' and plicare, 'to 
fold.') Duplica'tio, Duplic" itas, Diplasias'mus, 
Diplo'eie. A species of malformation or mon- 
strosity, characterized by the parts concerned 
being doubled. Double monsters.-Meckel. 
Duplication of the F cetus, Evolution, spon- 
taneous. 
DU'PLICATURE, Duplicatu'ra, Reflec'tion, 
from duplex, ' double,' ' twofold.' The folding or 
reflection of a membrane upon itself; as Dupli- 
cature or reflection of the pleura, peritoneum, <tc. 
DUPON'DIUM. A weight of four drachms. 
-Galen. 
DUR, Hard. 
DURA MATER, Crassa meninx, Dura meninx, 
Sclerome'ninx, Meninx exte'rior, Meninx sclera, 
M. paehei'a of Galen, Dura membra'na cer'ebrum 
am'biens, Cuticula'ris membra'na, M. dermato'des, 
Meninge, (Ch.) It has been called dura, because 
of its great resistance; and mater, because it was 
believed to give rise to every membrane of the 
body. (F .) Dure mere, Dure-taye (Par6.) It is 
a fibrous semitransparent membrane, of a pearly- 
white colour, thick, and very resisting; lines the 
cavity of the cranium, and contains the spinal 
marrow; protects the brain and marrow; and, 
by its various expansions - the/alx cerebri, ten- 
torium, <fcc.,-supports the different parts of the 
cerebral mass. The largest artery of the dura 
mater is the A. meningai'a me'dia. 
Dura Mater, Lateral Processes of the, 
Tentorium - d. m. Testis, Albuginea. 
DURATION OF LIFE, see Life-d. of Preg- 
nancy, see Pregnancy. 
DURE MERE, Dura mater. 
DURE, TA YE, Dura mater. 
DUREE DE LA VIE, see Longevity. 
DURETE I)'OREILLE, Baryecoia - d. de 
I'Ouie, Deafness. 
DUR IL LON, Callosity. 
DURUS, Hard. 
DUSTING BAG. In pharmacy, a kind of 
sieve, which consists of a bag made of lawn or 
other like material, hung inside of awide-mouthed 
bottle or tin canister, to the mouth of which it is 
secured. The powdered substance is put into 
the bag, and the mouth being closed with a cover, 
the apparatus is shaken, and the finer particles 
pass into the bottle or canister. 
DUTROA, Datura stramonium. 
DWARF. Nanus - d. Flag, Iris lacustri'-. 
DWARFISH, see Nanus. 
DWARFISHNESS, Nanosomus. DYCTOIDES 
DYCTOIDES, Reticular. 
DYERS' BROOM, Genista tinetoria-d.Weed, 
Genista tinetoria, Reseda luteola. 
DYNAMETER, Dynamometer. 
DYNAM'IC, Dynam'icvs, (F.) Dynamique : 
same etymon. In Mechanics, Dynam'ics investi- 
gates the powers whereby bodies are put in mo- 
tion, and the laws connected therewith. In Bi- 
ology, that which relates to the vital forces, Vital 
Dynamics. The influences of agents on the or- 
ganism, which are ascribable to neither mecha- 
nical nor chemical causes, are sometimes termed 
dynamic. 
Dynamic Diseases, see Organic. 
DYNAMICS, VITAL, see Dynamic. 
DYNAMICUS, Dynamic. 
DYNAMIS, Faculty, Force. 
DYNAMOM'ETER, Myodynamiom'eter, Myo- 
dynamom'eter, from ivvayit, 'force,' ' vital power,' 
and pcrpov, ' measure.' An instrument, contrived 
by M. Regnier, fox measuring the comparative 
muscular strength of man and animals. It con- 
sists of a spring, which, when pressed upon, 
causes a needle to move upon a portion of a circle, 
furnished with a scale of kilogrammes and one 
of myriagrammes. To measure the strength of 
the hands, the two branches of the spring are 
firmly grasped, and brought as near together as 
the force can carry them. This effort makes the 
needle traverse, and indicates, on the scale of 
kilogrammes, the strength of the experimenter's 
hands. A man, 25 or 30 years of age, exerts a 
force commonly equal to 50 kilogrammes or 100 
pounds. 
The strength of the loins of a man, about 30 
years of age, as indicated by this instrument, is 
usually about 30 myriagrammes, or 265 pounds, 
which shows the weight he is capable of raising. 
From experiments made by Peron, in his voy- 
age, on 12 individuals of Van Diemen's Land, 17 
of New Holland, 56 of the Island of Timor, 17 
Frenchmen belonging to the expedition, and 14 
Englishmen in the colony of New South Wales, 
he found their comparative strength, indicated 
by the dynamometer, to be as follows: 
DYSENTERIC 
tatoria, Ageustia- <1. Interna, Amnesia-d. 01- 
factoria, Anosmia. 
Dys.esthe'sia Visua'lis, Parov'sis. Sense 
of sight vitiated or lost. 
DYSA5STHESIS, Dysesthesia. 
DYSANAGO'GOS, from ivs, 'with difficulty/ 
and avayw, ' I bring up.' That which is expecto- 
rated with difficulty. An epithet given, by the 
Greek writers, to the sputa, when expectorated 
with difficulty, on account of their viscidity. 
from <5vj, 'with difficulty/ and 'ab- 
sorption.' Diminished absorption from morbid 
causes. 
DYS'APHE, Dysaph'ia, from <5vj, and 
'feeling.' Morbid feeling. 
DYSAPULO'TUS, Dysapu'lus, Dysepulo'ticus, 
Dysulo'tus, from ivs, and airovXow, ' to heal.' 
Healing with difficulty. 
DYSARTHRITIS, Gout, irregular. 
DYSCATABROSIS, Dysphagia. 
DYSCATAPOSIS, Dysphagia. 
DYSCATAPO'TIA, from ivs, and Karmrivui, 'I 
drink.' Difficulty of swallowing liquids. This 
term is recommended by Dr. Mead as a substitute 
for hydrophobia, which means dread of liquids. 
The dread seems to be partly caused by the diffi- 
culty of deglutition. 
DYSCHE'ZIA; from cvs, and 'to go to 
stool.' Difficult and painful defecation. 
DYSCHRtE'A, from ivf, 'with difficulty/ and 
%poa or xpoia, 'colour.' Dischro'a. Sickly and 
unhealthy colour of the skin. Used synony- 
mously with the macula of Willan. 
DYSCHROMATOPSIA, Achromatopsia. 
DYSCHYMOSEN, Chymoplania. 
DYSCINE'SIA, from <5uf, 'with difficulty/ and 
icivcw, ' I move.' Difficulty or utter incapability 
of moving.-Galen. 
DYSCOILIA, Constipation. 
DYSCOPIIO'SIS, from Svs, 'with difficulty/ 
and Koipow, 'I am deaf.' A defect in the sense 
of hearing.-Hippocrates. 
DYSCO'RIA, Coremetamorpho'sie, from ivs, 
and Koprj, ' the pupil.' Irregularity of shape of 
the pupil. 
DYSCRA'SIA, from Sv;, and icpact;, 'tempera- 
ment.' Intempe'ries, Distemper an' tia, Dys'crasy. 
A bad habit of body. 
Dyscrasia Scrofulosa, Scrofula - d. Tuber- 
culosa, see Tubercle. 
DYSCRASIACUM, Spanaemic. 
DYSCRASITE, Dysthetica. 
DYSCRASY, Dyscrasia-d. Bilious, Cholosis, 
Icterus. 
DYS'CRITOS, from Svs, 'with difficulty/ and 
Kpicis, 'judgment.' That which it is difficult to 
judge of.-Hippocrates. 
DYSDA'CRIA, Dysdacryo'sis, from <5vf, and 
iaxpvov, ' a tear.' A morbid condition of the tears. 
DYSDACRYOSIS, Dysdacria. 
DYSECCRIS'IA, from Jvy, and ckkoktiS) 'ex- 
cretion.' Difficult or defective excretion. 
DYSECCEA, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
DYSEL'CIA, Dysepulo'tus, from <5vy, 'with 
difficulty/ and 'rXcoj, ' an ulcer.' An ulcer diffi- 
cult to heal.-Hippocrates, Foesius. 
DYSEMESIA, Vomiturition. 
DYSENTERIA, Dysentery-d. Biliosa, Colo- 
cholosis-d. Hasmatera, Dysentery-d. Hepatica, 
Hepatirrhcea - d. Maligna, Enterocace - d. Pu- 
trida, Enterocace - d. Scorbutica, Enterocace - 
d. Splenica, Melaena-d. Typhodes, Enterocace. 
DYSENTER'IC, Dy senter' icus, Dysen'teru»t 
306 
Natives of 
STRENGTH 
of the arm. 
of the loifts. 
Kilog. 
Myri. 
lbs. 
1. Van Diemen's 
Land. 
2. New Holland. 
50.6 
50.8 
101.2 
101.6 
10.2 
208.08 
3. Timor. 
58.7 
117.4 
11.6 
238.64 
4. France. 
69.2 
138.4 
15.2 
310.08 
5. England. 
71.4 
142.4 
15.2 
332.52 
Dynamometer or Dynameter, Medic"inal. 
An instrument, invented by Dr. Paris, for the 
purpose of showing the quantity of active matter 
contained in a given weight or measure of any 
officinal compound, with the dose of any prepa- 
ration, which will be equivalent in strength to a 
given quantity of any other of the same class. 
The instrument is more ingenious than useful. 
DYOTA, Diota. 
DYS, 3v{, in composition, ' difficult, faulty 
sometimes privative; mostly answering to the 
particles dis, in, mis, or un, in English. Hence: 
DYSJE'MIA, from Aus, 'with difficulty,' and 
aifia, 'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood. 
D Y S JE S TIIE ' SI A, Dys<p.sth«'sis, from ivs, 
'with difficulty,' and ai<r3avo/jai, 'I feel.' Ob- 
scure, diminished, or even abolished sensation. 
Dys.esthesia Auditoria, Cophosis - d. Gus- DYSENTERIUM 
same etymon as Dysentery. Relating to dysen- 
tery. 
DYSENTERIUM, Dysentery. 
DYSENTERONERVIA, Colic-d. Saturnina, 
Colica metallica. 
DY'S'ENTERY, Dysenter'ia, Dyeenter'ium, 
Dygenter'ia hoemate'ra, Difficul'tae intestino' ruin, 
from and evrepov, 'an intestine;' Dieeolu'tue 
morbue, Diarrhoe'a carnoea., Coli'tis, Coloni'tis, 
Colo-recti'tig, Endocoli'tie, Egocoli'tig, Dejlux'ug 
Dygenter'icue, Feb rig Dyeenter'ica, Flumen dy- 
eenter'icum, Fluxug dyeenter'icue, F. cruen'tue 
cum Tenee'mo, Rheumatie'mug inteetino'rum cum 
ul'cere, Tor'mina Celei, Tor'mina, Blennenter'ia, 
Morbus diggolu'tug, Sedeg cruen'ta, Lues dygen- 
ter'ica, Bloody Flux; Flux, (F.) Flux dysente- 
rique, Flux de Sang. Inflammation of the mu- 
cous membrane of the large intestine; the chief 
symptoms of which are:-fever, more or less in- 
flammatory, with frequent mucous or bloody 
evacuations; violent tormina and tenesmus. 
When the evacuations do not contain blood, it 
has been called Dysenter'ia alba or simple Dysen- 
tery. The seat of the disease is, generally, in the 
colon and rectum. It occurs, particularly, dur- 
ing the summer and autumnal months, and in 
hot climates more than in cold: frequently, also, 
in camps and prisons, in consequence of impure 
air, and imperfect nourishment: and is often 
epidemic. Sporadic cases of dysentery are, gene- 
rally, easily managed; but when the disease oc- 
curs epidemically, it often exhibits great malig- 
nancy. Generally, it yields to mild laxatives, as 
castor oil, combined with diaphoretic narcotics, 
such as the pulvis ipecacuanha compositus, and 
counter-irritants to the abdomen; but, at times, 
the inflammation runs on so speedily to ulcera- 
tion, that, unless a new action be rapidly excited, 
death will be the consequence. In such cases, 
mercury must be rapidly introduced into the 
system, and narcotics may be combined with it. 
The whole management in acute dysentery 
must, of course, be strictly antiphlogistic. 
Dysentery, Bilious, Colocholosis. 
DYSEPULOTICUS, Dysapulotus. 
DYSEPULOTOS, Dyselcia. 
DYSGALACTIA, Dysgalia. 
DY'SGA'LIA, Dyggalac'tia, from <5vf, and ya\a, 
' milk.' An unhealthy condition or depravation 
of the milk. 
DYSGENNE'SIA, from and yew>;<r<;, 'ge- 
neration.' Lesion of the generative organs or 
functions. 
DYrSGEU'SIA, Disgeus'tia, from Juy, and 
ytvat;, ' taste.' A morbid condition of the sense 
of taste. 
from Ivt, 'aiya, 'blood,' 
and ptw, ' to flow.' Difficulty in the flow of blood, 
-according to some, of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
Also, symptoms occasioned by its diminution or 
suppression.-Sagar. 
DYSILE'MIA, from ins, and 'aiya, 'blood.' 
A morbid condition of the blood. 
DYSIIAPII'IA, Dysaph'ia, from <5vj, and ra<pri> 
'touch.' A morbid condition of the sense of 
touch. 
DYSHI'DRIA, Dysi'dria, from bus, and 'lApwj, 
' sweat.' A morbid state of the perspiration. 
DYSIA'TOS, ivciaro;, from ivs. 'with diffi- 
culty,' and laoyat, ' to heal;' Cura'tu dijfic"ilis. 
Difficult of cure.-Hippocrates. 
DYSLALIA, Balbuties, Bradylogia. 
DYSLOCHI'A, Col'ica lochia'lis, Hysteral'gia 
lochia'lis, from iv;, and 'relating to par- 
307 
DYSPATIIIA 
turition.' Diminution or suppression of the lo- 
chial discharge. 
DYSMASE'SIS, Dysmasse'sis, Bradymasse'sin, 
from 'with difficulty/ and /laanvis, ' mastica- 
tion.' Difficult or impeded mastication. 
DYSMENIA, Dysmenorrhoea. 
I) YSMENORRHEE, Dysmenorrhoea. 
DYSMENORRHCE'A, Dysme'nia, Parame'nia 
diffic"ilis, Menorrha'gia stillati"tia, Men' strua 
difficil'ia, M. Doloro'sa, Amenorrhoe'a diffic" ilia 
seu partia'lis, Menses dolorif'icoe, Menorrha'gia 
diffic" ilis, Meustrua'tio diffic" ills, M. dolorif- 
ica, Labo'rious or Difficult Menstrua'tion, (F.) 
Dysmenorrhee, Menstruation difficile, Regies diffi- 
ciles, Strangurie menstruelle. Catamenia passed 
with great local pain, especially in the loins :- 
with sometimes a membranous discharge. Dys- 
menorrhoea is very difficult of removal, and pre- 
vents conception. In the married female, if she 
should be able to pass one period without pain, 
and subsequently become pregnant, the morbid 
action may be broken in upon by gestation, and 
a perfect cure be obtained. Change of air, soon 
after marriage, will sometimes give occasion to 
this desirable result. The affection generally de- 
pends upon erethism of the interior of the 
uterus, called into action at each catamenial pe- 
riod. The violence of the pain requires the libe- 
ral use of narcotics. 
DYSMNE'SIA; from bvs, 'badly/ and 
'memory.' Defective memory. 
DYSMORPHE, Deformation. 
DYSMORPHIA, Deformation. 
DYSMORPIIOSIS, Deformation. 
D YSNEPHRONER VIE, Nephralgia. 
DYSODES, Fetid. 
DYSO'DIA, Dysod'mia, Dysos'mia, Factor, 
'foetor/ from ivs, 'badly/ and 'I smell.' 
(F.) Puanteur. Sauvages has given this generic 
name to all diseases, characterized by fetid ema- 
nations, from whatever part proceeding; - from 
the mouth, nasal fosste, bronchia, stomach, axil- 
lae, groins, &c. Also, a stench or stink, Peoa. 
DYSODMIA, Dysodia. 
DYSODONTI'ASIS, Dentit"io diffic"ilis, from 
5uj, ' with difficulty/ and oiavriaais, ' dentition.' 
Difficult dentition. 
DYSONEI'ROS, from Ivs, 'with difficulty/ and 
ovtnpos, ' a dream.' Insomnia, with restlessness. 
DYSO'PIA, properly Dysop'sia, Dysora'sis, 
signifying ' shame/ from <5uj, ' with difficulty/ 
and oitrofiai, 'I see.' Difficulty of seeing: obscu- 
rity of vision. 
Dysopia Dissitorum, Myopia. 
Dysopia Latera'lis, Parop'sis latera'lis, 
Skue-sight, Sight askeic. Vision only accurate 
when the object is placed obliquely. This state 
is generally caused by some opacity of the cornea. 
Dysopia Euminis, Nyctalopia - d. Proximo- 
rum, Presbytia-d. Tenebrarum, Hemeralopia. 
DYSOPSIA, Dysopia. 
DYSORASIS, Dysopia. 
DYSOREX'IA, Inappeten'tia, Appeti'tus de- 
fic"iens, from <5i>s, 'with difficulty/ and opt&t, 
' appetite.' Diminution of appetite. 
DYSOS'MIA, from <5vf, 'with difficulty/ and 
oayri, ' smell.' Diminution of smell. 
DYSOSPHRE'SIA, Dysosphre'sis, Dysosphra'- 
sia, Dysphre'sis, from ivs, and o<r0p>/<nj, 'the sense 
of smell.' A morbid state of the sense of smell. 
DISOSTO'SIS; from bvs, and oarcov, 'a Lone.' 
A faulty conformation or morbid condition of 
bone. 
DYSPATHIA, see Serious. DYSPEPSIA 
DYSPEPSIA, from Sv;, 'with difficulty,' and 
TrsTrro), ' I concoct.' Limo'sis Dyspep'sia, Ano- 
rex'ia, Apep'sia, Bradypep'sia, Gastroatax'ia, 
Diges'tio deprava' ta, D. diffic"i1is, D. lasa, Gas- 
tio-ato' nia, Concoc'tio tarda, Stom'achi resolu'tio, 
Cr/i'ditas, Passio stomach'ica, Indigestion, Diffi- 
culty of Digestion. A state of the stomach, in 
which its functions are disturbed, without the 
presence of other diseases, or when, if other dis- 
eases be present, they are of but minor import- 
ance. The symptoms of dyspepsia are very va- 
rious. Those affecting the stomach itself are :- 
loss of appetite ; nausea; pain in the epigastrium 
or hypochondrium ; heart-burn ; sense of fulness, 
or weight in the stomach; acrid or fetid eructa- 
tions ; pyrosis, and sense of fluttering or sinking 
at the pit of the stomach. The sympathetic affec- 
tions are of the most diversified character. Dys- 
pepsia, being generally of a functional nature, is 
devoid of danger. When arising from disease of 
the stomach itself, it is, of course, more serious. 
It is usually dependent on irregularity of living; 
either in the quantity or quality of the food taken: 
and the most successful treatment is, to put the 
patient on a diet easy of digestion ; to combat the 
causes, where such are apparent; and, by proper 
remedies and regimen, to strengthen the system 
in every practicable manner. A great error exists 
in regarding it as always a disease of debility. 
It is often connected with an inflammatory or 
subinflammatory condition of the mucous lining 
of the stomach, and of course a very different 
plan of treatment is required in the two cases. 
Dyspepsia is often attended with too great a se- 
cretion of the gastric acids; but, on other occa- 
sions, they would appear to be too small in quan- 
tity, so as to constitute alkaline indigestion or 
neutral indigestion. 
Dyspepsia Chlorosis, Chlorosis - d. Hypo- 
chondriasis, Hypochondriasis - d. Pyrosis, Py- 
rosis. 
DYSPEPSIODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
DYSPEPSODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
DYSPEP'TIC, Dyspep'ticus, Dyspep'tus, 
Apep'tic, Apep'ticus ; same etymon. Having re- 
lation to dyspepsia, as 'dyspeptic bread.' One 
who suffers from dyspepsia. 
DYSPEPTICUS, Dyspeptic. 
DYSPEPTODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
DYSPEPTUS, Dyspeptic. 
DYSPERMA'SIA, Dyspermatis'mus, from 
'with difficulty,' and <rrr£p/ia, 'sperm.' Difficulty 
-sometimes incapacity-of voiding the sperm. 
DYSPERMATISMUS, Bradyspermatismus. 
DYSPHA'GIA, Dyscatabro'sis, Dyscatap'osis, 
Deglutit"io diffic"ilis, D. la'sa, D. impedi'ta, 
from <5uf, 'with difficulty,' and <f>ayu>, 'I eat.' 
Difficulty of deglutition. Dysphagia is almost 
always symptomatic, either of inflammation or 
of other disease of the organs of deglutition, or 
of incomplete obstruction of the oesophagus, by 
some obstacle within it, or by a neighbouring tu- 
mour. At times, it is produced by spasm or pa- 
ralysis of the oesophagus. The prognosis and 
treatment vary according to the cause. 
Dysphagia Atonica, Pharyngoplegia. 
Dyspha'gia Constric'ta, D. Pharyngea, D. 
(Esophagea, D. Callo'sa, Strictu'ra. Pharyn'gis 
Beu (Esoph'a.gi vera, S. (E. Callo'sa, Stenocho'- 
ria (Esoph'agi, (Esophagiarc'tia, Lcemosteno'sis. 
Stricture of the pharynx and oesophagus is an 
affection which may be the result of pharyngitis or 
oesophagitis; but more frequently of malignant 
disease in the parietes of the tube. The only 
remedy is the bougie. 
Dyspha'gia Inflammatoria, (Esophagitis - 
d Pharyngea, D. Constricta-d. (Esophagea, D. 
308 
DYSTOCIA 
Constricta- d. Spasmodica, (Esophagismus - d. 
Callosa, D. Constricta - d. Paralytica, (Esopha- 
goplegia, Pliaryngoplegia-d. Nervosa, (Esopha- 
gismus-d. Torpida, Pharyngoplegia-d. Globosa, 
Angone-d. Hysterica, Angone-d. Inflammato- 
ria, Cynanche tonsillaris - d. Limruosa, Para- 
glossa-d. Ranula, Ranula-d. Uvulosa, Staphy- 
loedema-d. Scirrhosa, Lsemoscirrhus - d. Spas- 
tica, (Esophagismus. 
DYSPHO'NIA, from day, and </>u>vti, 'the voice.' 
Difficulty of producing and articulating sounds: 
voice imperfect or depraved. Apho'nia, (of some.) 
Dysphonia Immodulata Nasalis, Rhinopho- 
nia-d. Immodulata palatina, Asaphia. 
DYSPHOR'IA, Inquietu'do, Asta'sia. Dissatis- 
faction ; restlessness; suffering; indisposition; 
from Svs, and tpepta, ' 1 bear.' 
Dysphoria Anxietas, Anxiety - d. Nervosa, 
Fidgets-d. Simplex, Fidgets. 
DYSPHOTIA, Myopia. 
DYSPIIRESIS, Dysosphresia. 
DYSPIO'NIA, from ivs, and tiwv, 'fat.' A 
morbid condition of the adipous substance. 
DYSPLASMATIC, Cacoplastic. 
DYSPLASTICUM, Spamemic. 
DYSPNCE'A, from fvs, and irveu>, 'I breathe.' 
Pseudo-asthma, Amphipneu'ma, Respira'tio dif- 
fic"ilis seu brevis et rara, Brachypntr'a, Retentio 
ae'rea, Anhela'tion, Short breath, Difficulty of 
breathing, (F.) Courte Haleine. Dyspnoea may 
be idiopathic or symptomatic. The latter accom- 
panies almost all thoracic diseases. Urgent dys- 
pnoea has been called amphipneu'ma, ay<piTrvevya. 
-Hippocrates. 
Dyspnoea Convulsiva, Asthma - d. Hydro- 
thoracica, Hydrothorax - d. Physothoracica, 
Pneumothorax-d. Pinguedinosa, Pursiness - d. 
Pneumatica, Pneumothorax - d. Pyothoracica, 
Empyema. 
DYSSIA'LIA, from <5uf, and <naXoj, 'saliva.' 
A morbid condition of the saliva. 
DYSSYN'ODUS, Dyssynu'sia, from and 
avvohos, 'coition.' Co'itus diffic"ilis. Difficulty 
in coition. 
DYSSYNUSIA, Dyssynodus. 
DYSTHAN'ATOS, from ivs, and Savaros, 
'death.' That which causes a slow and painful 
death. One who experiences this kind of death. 
-Hippocrates, Galen. 
DYSTHELA'SIA, from <5vj, and SqXafa, 'I give 
suck.' Inaptitude for suckling. 
DYSTHERAPEU'TOS, Difficiliter cura'bilis ; 
from <5vj, and Scparna, ' medical treatment.' That 
which is difficult of cure. 
DYSTHE'SIA, from ivs, 'badly,' and nSnyt, 'I 
am situate.' Dy s'thesis, Cachex'ia. Morbid habit. 
Bad humour. Impatience in disease.-Erotian. 
DYSTHET'ICA, Cachex'ia, Cachexies; same 
etymon. A morbid condition of the blood or 
blood-vessels ; alone or connected with a morbid 
state of other fluids, producing a diseased habit 
The fourth order in the class Hamatica of Good, 
including Plethora, Hamorrhagia, <fcc. 
DYSTHYM'IA, from ivs, and Svpof, 'mind.' 
Depression, Despondency. A bad sign in acute 
diseases. Also, Melancholy. 
DYSTOC'IA, Mogostoc'ia, Bradytoc'ia, Reten'- 
tio fcetfis, from ivs, and tokos, 'accouchement' 
A laborious accouchement, Labo'rious labour, 
Parodyn'ia, morbid labour, difficult labour, Par- 
tus diffic"ilis. See Laborious. 
Dystocia Abortiva, Abortion-d. Dyscyesis, 
Pregnancy, morbid-d. Dyscyesis extra-uterina, 
see Pregnancy, preternatural. DYST(ECHIASIS 
DYST(ECHI'ASIS,ZD>pirf'tto, from Svs, 'bad,' 
and ' order.' Irregular position of the 
eye-lashes.-Forestus. 
DYSTON'IA, from <5uj, and rovos, 'tone.' Mor- 
bid condition of the tone of a tissue or organ. 
DYSTROPH'IA, from ivs, 'with difficulty,' 
and rpotyr), ' nourishment.' Imperfect or defective 
nutrition. 
DYSULOTUS, Dysapulotus. 
DYSURE'SIA, Dyswe'&it ; from 6u$, and ovpt?- 
ai£, ' passing the urine.' Defective secretion and 
evacuation of the urine. 
309 
EAU 
DYSU'RIA, Uri'nat diffic''ilis excre'tio, from 
<5uj, 'with difficulty,' and ovpov, 'urine.' (Strew- 
(fury, (of some.) Difficulty of passing the urine. 
In this affection the urine is voided with pain, 
and a sensation of heat in some part of the 
urethra. Dysuria is the first degree of retention 
of urine. It differs from strangury, in which the 
urine can only be passed in drops and with great 
straining. 
Dysuria Calculosa, Calculi, vesical - d. 
Irritata, Calculi, vesical - d. Mucosa, Cystir- 
rheea. 
E. 
EAGLE-STONE, JEtites. 
EAR, Anris, Ous, out, Ac'oe, Saxon, eape, (F.) 
Oreille. The organ of audition. It is composed of 
a series of more or less irregular cavities, in 
which the sonorous rays are successively received 
and reflected, until they agitate the nerves which 
are destined to convey the impression to the brain. 
The ear is contained partly in the substance of 
the temporal bones; and a part projects exter- 
nally, behind the joint of the lower jaw. It may 
be divided into three portions the outer or ex- 
ternal ear, formed by the auricle and meatus au- 
ditorius ; the middle ear, comprising the cavity 
of the tympanum and its dependencies; and the 
internal ear, comprehending the three semicircular 
canals, the cochlea and the vestibule ; which, to- 
gether, constitute the osseous labyrinth. Within 
the cavity of this labyrinth are contained mem- 
branes having nearly the shape of the vestibule 
and semicircular canals, but not extending into 
the cochlea. These membranes form the mem- 
branous labyrinth. Between the osseous and the 
membranous labyrinth is situate the liquor of 
Cotunnius, and within the membranous labyrinth 
is a fluid, termed, by De Blainville, vitrine audi- 
tive, from its supposed analogy to the vitreous 
humour of the eye. The form of the membranous 
vestibule is not an exact imitation of the osseous 
cavity, being composed of two distinct sacs, which 
open into each other,-the one termed the Sae'- 
culus vestib'uli; the other Sae'culus. Each sac 
contains in its interior a small mass of white cal- 
careous matter resembling powdered chalk, which 
seems to be suspended in the fluid of the sacs by 
means of a number of nervous filaments pro- 
ceeding from the auditory nerve. These are the 
otoconies and otolithes of Breschet. 
The auditory nerve is distributed to the cavi- 
ties of the internal ear. 
EAR-DOCTOR, Aurist - e. Flap, Proptoma 
auricularum. 
EAR-PICK, Otog'lyphis, Otog'lyphum, Coeh'- 
lear auricula're, Auriscal'pium, (F.) Cure-oreille. 
A species of small scoop, used for extracting 
hardened cerumen from the meatus auditorius 
externus; or to remove foreign bodies from the 
ear. If carelessly used, it is apt to excite inflam- 
mation of the tube. 
EAR-SURGEON, Aurist-e. Surgery, Otiatria. 
EAR-TRL MPET, Tubus acus'tieus, Acus'ticum 
Cornu, (F.) Cornet acoustique. An instrument for 
collecting sound and increasing its intensity, used 
by those who are hard of hearing. It is, com- 
monly, a kind of cone, formed of silver, tin. or 
elastic gum, the base of which is turned towards 
the person who is speaking, and the apex placed 
in the entrance of the meatus auditorius externus. 
EARWAX, Cerumen. 
EARWIG, Forfieula auricularia. 
EARTH CLUB, Orobanehe Americana - e. 
Fuller's, Cimolia purpurescens- e. Gall, Vera- 
trum viride-e. Heavy, Baryta-e. Japan, Cate- 
chu-e. Lemnian, Terra Leinnia-e. Nut, Pignut, 
Bunium balbocastanum-e. Ponderous, Baryta- 
e. Samian, Sami terra-e. Sealed, Terra sigillata 
-e Tale, Magnesia. 
EATABLE, Esculent. 
EAU, Water - e. d' Aix-la-Cliapelle, see Aix- 
la-Chapelle. 
EAU D' ALTTIOUR. This compound is made 
of sulphate of zinc, and sulphate of copper, each 
3.) 1 camphor, ten grains; saffron, four grains; 
water, four fluidounces. Employed in chronic 
inflammation of the eyelids, and as a vulnerary. 
EAU DE L'AMNIOS, Liquor amnii - e. 
d'Amandes ameres, Aqua amygdalarum concen- 
trata. 
EAU ANTIPUTRIDE DE BEAUFORT. 
Mineral lemonade prepared with sulphuric acid. 
EAU D'ARMAGNAC, Tinctura cinnamomi 
eomposita-e. de Balaruc, Balaruc waters-e. de 
Bareges, Bareges water - e. de Binelli, Aqua 
Binellii - e. Blanche, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
dilutus - e. de Bonferme, Tinctura cinnamomi 
eomposita-e. de Bonnes, Bonnes, mineral waters 
of-e. de Boule, see Ferrum tartarizatum - e. de 
Bourbonne-les- Bai ns, Bourbonne-les-Bains, mi- 
neral waters of-e. de Broechieri, Aqua Brocchi- 
erii - e. des Carmes, see Melissa - e. de Chaux, 
Liquor calcis-e. de Chaux composte, Liquor cal- 
cis compositus. 
EAU DE COLOGNE, Cologne water. A cele- 
brated perfume, so called from the place where it 
is made. .The following is one formula: Oil of 
bergamot, giij ; Oil of lemon, gij ; Oil of Laven- 
der, ; Oil of neroli, I^iiss; Oil of origanum, 
O'j i Oil of rosemary, JJj; Essence of vanilla, Jij ; 
Musi-, ten grains; .ffeett/ied spirit, Oxiij; Rose- 
water, Oij; Orange-flower water, Oj. Macerate 
for fourteen days, and filter. 
EAU DE CUIVRE AMMONIACALE, Li- 
quor cupri ammoniati - e. Distillte, Water, dis- 
tilled- e. de Fontaine, Water, spring - e. des 
Fontaines de la Marfguerie, Rouen, mineral wa- 
ters of-e. contre la Gangrene, Liquor hydrargyri 
nitrici-e. de Goudron, see Pinus sylvestris-e. de 
Goulard, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
EAUHEMASTATIQUE DE TISSERAND. 
A liemastatic water reputed to possess the same 
properties as the Aqua Brocchierii. It may be 
prepared by digesting dragon's blood, and turpen- 
tine of the Vosges in water. 
EAU D'HUSSON, Vinum colchici -«. des EAU 
Hydropiques, Serum of serous membranes - e. 
Hydrosulfurie simple, Hydrosulphuretted water. 
EAU DE JAVELLE, Bleaching liquid, Aqua 
alkali'na oxymuriat' ica, Labarraque's Solution, 
(Common salt, Ibij ; black oxide of manganese, 
fbj ; water, Ibij. Put into a retort, and add, gra- 
dually, oil of vitriol, ibij. Pass the vapour through 
a solution of subcarbonate of potassa in water 
applying heat towards the last. S. g. 
1.087.) It is stimulant, detergent, and antiseptic, 
-applied externally. 
EAU DE LAC, Water, lake-e. de Luce, Spi- 
ritus ammoniac succinatus-e. Magnisienne, Mag- 
nesia, fluid-e. de Marais, Water, marsh-e. Mi- 
dicinale d'Husson, see Colehicum autumnale-e. 
de Mer, Water, sea - e. Mercurielle, Liquor hy- 
drargyri nitrici-e. Minerale, Water, mineral-e. 
de Monterossi, Aqua Binellii-e. de Naples, Na- 
ples water, factitious - e. de Neige, Water, snow 
-e. de Pluie, Water, rain-e. de Potasse, Liquor 
potass®- e. de Puit, Water, well - e. de Babel, 
Elixir acidum Halleri-e. Regale, Nitro-muriatic 
acid-e. de Source, Water, well-e. Styptique de 
Brocchieri, Aqua Brocchierii-e. Sucree, Ilydro- 
saccharum - e. Vegito-minirale, Liquor Plumbi 
subacetatis dilutus-e. de Vichy, Viehy water- 
e. de Vie, Brandy-e. de Vie Allemande, Tinctura 
jalapii composite - e. de Vie camphrie, Spiritus 
camphor®. 
EAUX, LES, Liquor amnii - e. Hipatiques, 
Waters, mineral, sulfureous-e. Minirales artifi- 
cielles, Waters, mineral, artificial - e. Minirales 
factices, Waters, mineral, artificial-e. Minirales 
ferrugineuses, Waters, mineral, gaseous, &c.-e. 
Minirales gaseuses ou acidules, Waters, mineral, 
gaseous, <tc.-e. Minirales salines, Waters, mine- 
ral, saline - e. Minerales sulfureuses, Waters, 
mineral, sulfureous-e. Sulfuries, Waters, mine- 
ral, sulfureous. 
EBEAUPIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. An 
acidulous chalybeate, in the department of Loire 
Infirieure, near Nantes. 
EBLOUISSEMENT, Dazzling. 
EBRIECA'SUM. A term employed by Para- 
celsus to denote a disturbance of the reason, simi- 
lar to what occurs in drunkenness. 
EBRIETAS, Temulentia. 
EBRIOSITAS, Temulentia. 
EBULLITIO, Ebullition, Strophulus - e. Sto- 
machi, Ardor ventriculi, Pyrosis. 
EBULLIT"ION, Ebullit"io, AEstuat"io,Anaz'- 
esis, Causis, from ebullire, ' to bubble up.' Boil- 
ing; (F.) Bouillonnement. The motion of a 
liquid, by which it gives off bubbles of vapour, 
by heat or fermentation. The boiling point of 
liquids varies according to the pressure to which 
they are subjected. For the point of ebullition 
of different substances, see Heat. 
Ebullition is used in France, in a vague man- 
ner, for every kind of transient eruption of the 
skin, occurring without fever or with a slight 
febrile attack. 
EBULUS, Sambucus ebulus. 
EBUR, Ivory. 
EBURNIFIC A'T ION, Eburnifica'tio, from 
eZnir, 'ivory,' and fio, 'to be made.' An incrus- 
tation of the articular surfaces of bones with 
phosphate of lime, which gives them the white- 
ness and hardness of ivory. 
EC, (before a vowel, Ex,) ck, cl;, ' out of, from, 
Hence, Ecchymoma, Eclectic, Ac. 
ECAILLE. Seale. 
ECAILLES D'HUITRES, Ostre® testes. 
ECAILLEUX, Squamous. 
ECBALIA ELATERIUM, Momordica elate- 
lium. 
ECBESOMENON, Eventus. 
310 
ECDEMIOMANIA ' 
ECBLOMA, see Abortion. 
ECBOLE, Abortion. 
ECBOL1C, Abortive. 
ECBOLICUS, Abortive. 
ECBOLIUM ELATERIUM, Momordica ela- 
terium. 
ECBOLIUS, Abortive. 
ECBRAS'MATA, from tK/Jpafa, 'I boil up.* 
Eechym'ata. Hippocrates uses the word for cer- 
tain burning eruptions. 
ECCATHARTICUS, Cathartic. 
ECCEPHALO'SIS, Excerebra'tio, Cephalo- 
tom'ia, from ck, 'out,' and 'head.' The 
removal of the brain of the child to facilitate 
delivery. 
ECCIIELYSIS, Expectoration. 
ECCIIORESIS, Defecation. 
ECCHYLOMA, Succus expressus. 
ECCHYMATA, Ecbrasmata. 
ECCHYMO'MA, Ecchymo'sis, Pelidno'ma, Pe- 
lio'ma, Hypha'ma, Hypoce'ma, llypoa'mia, from 
is, 'out of,' and 'juice,' 'humour;' Effu'- 
sio, Exsucca'tio, Eujf'u'sio san'guinis. A livid, 
black, or yellow spot, Livor sanguin'eus, pro- 
duced by blood effused into the areolar tissue 
from a contusion. Spontaneous effusions, occur- 
ring as the result of disease or after death, are 
called suggillations. 
Ecchymoma Arteriosum, see Aneurism - e. 
Capitis recens natorum, Cephalaematoma- e. 
Ilyponychon, Hyponychon - e. Lymph aticum, 
Phleginatia dolens-e. Melasma, Melasma. 
ECCIIYMOSIS, Ecchymoma. 
ECCIIYSIS, Effusion. 
ECCLISIS, Luxation. 
EC'COPE, Ec'tome, Ectom'ia, from rv, and 
KotrTtiv, 'to cut.' The act of cutting out: also, 
a perpendicular division of the cranium by a 
cutting instrument.. See Entaille. 
ECCOP'EUS. Same etymon. A knife or in- 
strument for cutting. An ancient instrument- 
the raspatory-used in trepanning. 
ECCOPROSIJESTHE'SIS, from Ik, Korpos, 'ex- 
crement,' and atoOrjaig, 'sensation.' The sensa- 
sion or desire to evacuate the bowels. 
ECCOPROSIS, Defecation. 
ECCOPROT'IC, Eccoprot'icvs, Ectoprot' ic, from 
'out of,' and Koirpor, 'excrement.' Mild pur- 
gatives or laxatives, whose operation is confined 
to simply clearing out the intestinal canal. 
ECCORTHAT'ICUS, from tv, 'out of,' and 
KopOaw, 'I collect.' An ancient epithet for reme- 
dies to which was attributed the property of 
evacuating collections of humours. 
ECCRINOL'OGY, Eccrinolog"ia, Eccrisio- 
log"ia, from iKrpivw, (ck, and Kpivia,) 'I separate,' 
and Xoyof, ' a discourse.' A treatise on the secre- 
tions. 
ECCRISIOLOGIA, Eccrinology. 
ECCRISION'OSI, Eccresionu'si, from rwpunj, 
' excretion,' and voeos, ' disease.' Diseases of 
excretion. 
ECCRISIOS'CIIESIS, from rvvpun?, 'excre- 
tion,' and cxccis, ' retention.' Arrest or retention 
of excretions ; or of a critical evacuation. 
EC'CRISIS, Excretion. 
ECCRIT'ICA. Diseases of the excernent 
function. The 6th class in Good's Nosology 
Also, medicines that act on the excernent system, 
ECCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra-uterine-e. Ab- 
dominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal - e. Ovaria, 
Pregnancy, ovarial-e. Tubalis, Pregnancy, tubal. 
ECCYLIO'SIS, from ck, 'out of,' and vvXuir, 
'to turn round.' Morbus evolutio'nis. A disease 
of evolution or development. 
ECDEMIOMA'NIA, Eedemion'osus, from ECDEMIONOSUS 
/au, 'I travel about,' and gavia, 'mania.' A mor- 
bid desire to be travelling about. 
ECDEMIONOSUS, Ecdemiomania. 
EC'DORA, from ck, and cipw, ' I flay.' Aaad'- 
ora, Excoria'tio. Excoriation in general, but 
more especially of the urethra. 
EC'DYSIS, from ekJuo), (ck, and ivis,) 'I put 
off.' Moulting of the skin of animals. Desqua- 
mation. 
ECHALOTTE, Eschalotte, Al'Hum, Asealon'- 
icum, Cepa Ascalon'ica. The shallot'. A species 
of allium, employed in culinary preparations. 
ECHANCRURE (F.), Emargina'tio, Emargi- 
natu'ra, Incisu'ra. A French word, employed by 
anatomists to designate depressions and notches 
of various shape's, observed on the surface or 
edges of bones. 
ECHANCRURE ETHMOIDALE is on the 
nasal bone, which unites with the ethmoid. See 
Ethmoid. 
ECHANCRURE NASALE, Nasal Notch, be- 
longs to the os frontis, and is articulated with the 
bones of the nose. 
ECHANCRURE PAROTIDIENNE is a tri- 
angular space, comprised between the parotidean 
edge of the inferior maxillary bone and the mas- 
toid process, so called because it lodges the pa- 
rotid gland. 
ECHANCRURE SCAPULAIRE, Notch, sca- 
pular-e. Sciatique grande, see Sciatic Notch-e. 
Eci at iqtce petite, see Sciatic Notch. 
ECHARDE, Splinter. 
ECHARPE GRANDE, et E. MO YEN, see 
Sling-(. de J. L. Petit, see Sling-I. Petite, see 
Sling. 
ECHAUBOULURES (F.), Nurfam'tna, 27i- 
dro'a. A word whose meaning is not fixed. It 
is applied to any eruption on the surface of the 
body, accompanied with pricking and other un- 
easy sensations. 
ECHAUFFANTS, Calefacients. 
ECHAUFFEMENS, Chafing. 
ECHAUFFEMENT (F.) Calefac'tio, Excale- 
fad tio, from (Y) echauffer, (calefacere,) 'to make 
warm.' Augmentation of heat in the animal 
economy ; the symptoms of which are a more 
than ordinary sensation of heat, disposition to 
perspiration, great thirst, general indisposition, 
flushed countenance, <fcc. It goes off by the use 
of antiphlogistics and abstinence. In the vulgar 
language it is often used synonymously with con- 
stipation, and sometimes for simple gonorrhoea, 
and for chafing. 
ECHECOL'LON, from ' I have,' and KoWa, 
'glue.' Echeeollum. Any topical glutinous re- 
medy.-Gorrseus, Galen. 
ECHELLES DU LIMACON, Scalas of the 
cochlea. 
EC1IENEIS, Remora Hildani. 
ECHETROSIS, Bryonia alba. 
ECHID'NA OCELLA'TA, Brown ten-inch- 
long viper. A most formidable viper in the 
forests of Peru, the bite of which is so rapidly 
fatal, that it kills a strong man in two or three 
minutes. Tschudi. 
ECHINA'CF.A PURPU'REA, Purple Cone- 
ffower, biaek Sampson, of the Composite Family j 
indigenous in Ohio and westward; its dull pur- 
ple flowers appearing in July. The root is aro- 
matie, and used popularly as a carminative. 
ECHINE, Vertebral column. 
ECHINOCOCCUS HOMINIS, see Worms - 
e. Humanus, Hydatid. 
ECHINODERMI, Porcupine men. 
ECHIN OGLOSSUM, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
311 
ECONOMY 
ECHINOPHTHAL'MIA,from iXivo{, 'a hedge- 
hog,' and oipSaXpia, 'inflammation of the eye.' 
Ophthalmia of the eyelids, in which the cilia pro- 
ject like the quills of the hedgehog. 
ECHI'NOPS, from eXncf, 'hedgehog,' and 
uip, 'appearance.' Crocodil'ion, Acanthal'zuca, 
Scabio'sa carduifo'lia, Sphceroceph'ala ela'tior, 
Echi' nopus,Echinops Sphceroceph' alus. The globe 
thistle. The root and seeds are reputed to be 
moderately diuretic. 
ECHINOPUS, Echinops. 
ECHINUS SCANDENS, Allamanda. 
ECHOS, Sound, Tinnitus aurium. 
ECHOSCOPE, Auscultation. 
ECHOSCOPIUM, Stethescope. 
ECHT1IYSTER0CYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
uterine. 
ECLACTIS'MA, Eclamp'sis, Eclamp' sia., Epi- 
lamp'sis, Effnlgescen'tia, from ucXaicriif), ' I kick.' 
Epilepsy is often accompanied with flashings of 
light; and hence Hippocrates has used the last 
two words for epilepsy. They have all been ap- 
plied to the convulsions of children. 
ECLAIRE, Chelidonium majus-A Petite, 
Ranunculus ficaria. 
ECLAMP'SIA, Convulsion : also, the convul- 
sions of children, Eclamp'sia infan'tum, Epilep'- 
sia acu'ta infan'tum, E. febri'lis infan'tum, E. 
pueri'lis, (F.) Convulsions des Enfans, Eclampsie. 
Eclamp'sia Gravida'rum et Parturien'- 
TIUM; Puerperal Convulsions, (F.) Convulsions 
des femmes enceintes et en couche. Convulsions of 
pregnant and parturient women. 
Eclampsia Infantum, see Eclampsia-e. Nu- 
tans, Convulsion, Salaam-e.Typhodes,Raphania. 
ECLAMPSIE DES ENFANS, Eclampsia 
infantum. 
ECLEC'TIC, (PHYSICIAN S,) Eclec'tici 
Med'id-, from ucXeyv, 'I choose.' A sect of phy- 
sicians, who professed to ehoose, from other sects, 
all the opinions which appeared to them best 
founded. Agathinus of Sparta, master of Archi- 
genes of Apamaea, in Syria, was its reputed 
founder; and Archigenes and Aretfeus were its 
greatest ornaments. The doctrine was called 
Eclec'tisni, Eclectis'mus, Medici'na eclec'tica, 
Eclectic med'icine. Every judicious physician 
must be an eclectic. 
ECLECTISM, see Eclectic. 
ECLEC'TOS, Eclig'ma, Elig'ma, Elix'is, Lam- 
biti'vum, Linctus, Linctua'rium, from 'I 
lick.' (F.) Looch. A medicine, of a thick, sy- 
rupy consistence, chiefly used to allay cough, and 
consisting of pectoral remedies. It was formerly 
sucked from the end of a liquorice stick, made 
into a kind of pencil; hence its name Linctus, 
from lingere, 'to lick.' Although the linctus is 
usually exhibited in thoracic affections, it may- 
have tonic virtues combined with it. 
ECLEGMA ALBUM, Looch album-e. Gum- 
moso-oleosuin, Looch album. 
ECLEIPISIS, Exfoliation. 
ECLEPISIS, Desquamation. 
ECLEPISITREPANON, Exfoliative trepan. 
ECLIGMA, Eclectos. 
ECLIMIA, Boulimia. 
ECLIPSIS, Syncope. 
tiCLISSE, Splint. 
ECLYSES, Adynamias. 
EC'LYSIS, Exsolu'tio ; from ckXuw,'I loosen.' 
Resolution, prostration of strength ; faintness. 
Eclysis Pnkumo-cardiaca, Asphyxia. 
ECMYZESIS, Exsuctio. 
ECNCEA, Dementia. 
ECOLE. School. 
ECON'OMX, (Econo'mia, from oicia, 'ahouse,' 
a family,' and vefiu, 'I rule.' By the term ani- ECORCE 
mal economy is understood,-the aggregate of the 
laws which govern the organism. The word eco- 
nomy is, also, used for the aggregate of parts 
which constitute man or animals. 
ECORCE, Cortex - e. Cariocostine, Canella 
alba-e. de Saint Lucie, Cinchome Caribaeae cor- 
tex- e. de. Winter, see Wintera aromatica - e. 
Fausse de Winter, Canella alba. 
EGORCHURES, Chafing, Excoriation. 
ECO ELEMENT, Discharge, Gonorrhoea - e. 
Blanc, Leucorrhoea - e. de Sang par VInt cetin, 
Haematochezia. 
ECOUVILLON, see Ecouvillonnement. 
ECOEVILLONNEMENT (F.), from ecou- 
villon, 'a kind of mop, the sponge of a gun.' A 
term used by the French therapeutists for the 
act of cleansing or applying remedies to a part 
by means of a mop or brush fixed to the end of a 
piece of whalebone. Such mop or brush is 
termed Ecouvillon. 
ECPHLOGOSIS, Inflammation. 
ECPHLYSIS, Vesicula-e. Herpes, Herpes- 
e. Herpes circinatus, Herpes circinatus - e. Her- 
pes exedens, Herpes exedens-e. Herpes miliaris, 
Herpes phlyctsenodes-e. Herpes zoster, Herpes 
zoster-e. Pompholyx, Pompholyx-e. Rhypia, 
Rupia. 
ECPHRACTIC, Deobstruent. 
ECPIIRAX'IS, from £<c0pa<r<rw, ' I remove ob- 
struction.' The action of ecphractic or deob- 
struent remedies. 
ECPHRONIA, Insanity-e. Melancholia, Me- 
lancholy. 
ECPHYAS, Appendix vermiformis caeci. 
ECPHYMA, Excrescence, Tumour-e. Callus, 
Callosity - e. Caruncula. Caruncle - e. Clavus, 
Corn - e. (Edeijaticum, (Edema, Phlegmatia do- 
lens- e. Physconia, Physconia - e. Trichoma, 
Plica-e. Verruca, Verruca. 
ECPHYMATA, Rubeola. 
ECPHYSE'SIS, Effla'tio, Effla'tue, from tK<j>v- 
<rao>, ' I breathe through.' Exeujffla'tio. A quick 
and forced expulsion of air from the lungs. 
ECPHYSIS, Apophysis-e. Ventriculi, Duo- 
denum. 
ECPIES'MA, from mttuJw, ' I compress.' 2?/- 
fractu'ra, Impac'tion, Deces'sio. A fracture of 
the cranium, with depression of the fragments 
and compression of the brain. 
ECPIES'MOS, Expres'sio, Ex'itue, Ecpies'- 
mon, same etymon. Celsus uses these words to 
signify the forcing of the eye from the orbitar 
cavity, with apparent but not real augmentation 
of the organ. See Exophthalmia. 
ECPLERO'MA, from ck, and liXcpow, 'I fill.' 
A cushion, a pad. Hippocrates means, by this 
term, a small pad or ball of leather, or other 
substance intended to fill the hollow of the arm- 
pit ; used probably in reducing luxations of the 
shoulder. 
ECPLEXIA, Stupor. 
ECPLEXIS, Stupor. 
ECPNEUMATOSIS, Expiration. 
ECPNEUSIS, Expiration. 
ECPNOE, Expiration. 
ECPTO'MA, Ecpto'sis, Exciden'tia; from m- 
xiirruj, ' I fall out.' This word has been used in 
various senses. 1. Synonymously with luxation. 
2 For the separation of gangrenous parts. 3. 
I or the expulsion of the secundines. 4. For the 
prolapsus of the womb: and 5. For intestinal or 
omental hernia, <tc. 
ECPTOSIS, Luxation. 
ECP\CTICA, Incrassantia. 
ECPYEMA, Abscess, Suppuration, Empyema. 
ECPYESIS, Abscess, Empyema, Pustule - e. 
312 
ECTOPIA 
Impetigo, Impetigo-e. Porrigo, Porrigo-e. Por- 
rigo Crustacea, Porrigo larvalis-e. Porrigo favosa, 
Porrigo favosa-e. Porrigo furfuracea, Porrigo 
furfurans - e. Porrigo galeata, Porrigo scutulata 
-e. Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo lupinosa-e. Sca- 
bies, Psora. 
ECPYETICUS, Suppurative. 
ECPYISCONTUS, Suppurative. 
ECREV1SSE, Crab. 
E C R E X' IS, Ruptu'ra, from tKpriyvviit, ' to 
break.' Rupture, laceration. 
ECRHYTH'MUS, «, and pvtyos, 'rhythm.' 
A term applied to the pulse, particularly when 
irregular.-Galen. 
EjCROE, Discharge. 
ECROVELLES, Scrofula - e. Jfesenttriques, 
Tabes mesenterica. 
EC'RYSIS, from cxpcw, 'I run from.' A dis- 
charge. 
ECSARCO'MA, from «, and aapf, 'flesh.' A 
fleshy excrescence of various kinds. See Fun- 
gosity and Sarcoma. 
ECSESMA, Eczema. 
EC'STASIS, from tfirrapai, 'I am beside my- 
self.' An ec'stasy or trance, Carns ec'stasis, Cat'- 
ochus, Ex'stasis, Catalep'sia spu'ria, Hyperplexie, 
(F.) Extase. A state in which certain ideas so 
completely absorb the mind, that the external 
sensations are suspended, the voluntary move- 
ments arrested, and even the vital action re- 
tarded. In catalepsy, there is, in addition, com- 
plete suspension of the intellectual faculties. 
This last condition is in general described as 
trance. See, also, luxation. 
ECSTROPUE, Exstrophia. 
ECTASIA, Aneurism-e. Venarum, Varix. 
EC'TASIS, Extension, Expansion. 
Ec'tasis I'ridis, is the extension or expansion 
of the iris, which occasions diminution of the 
pupil. 
ECTEXIS, Colliquation. 
E C TIIE TOBREPHOTROPHEUM, Brepho- 
tropheum. 
ECTHLIM'MA, Exulcera'tio, from 'I 
express,' 'I bruise.' Attrition. Chafings, or 
excoriations, produced by external violence. - 
Hippocrates. 
ECTIILIPSIS, Expression. 
EC'TIIYMA or ECTIIY'MA, from «Svu>, 'I 
break out.' Ecpye'sis, Phlysis ecthyma, Phlyza'- 
cia a'gria, Sca'bies Vera, Furun'culi aton'ici, 
(F.) Dartre crnstacfe, J). fongneuse. A cutane- 
ous eruption, characterized by large round pus- 
tules, always distinct and seated upon an indu- 
rated and highly inflamed base. In the course 
of a day or two the pustules generally break, and 
olive-brown incrustations are formed which ad- 
here firmly to the skin. These separate in about 
a fortnight. The disease requires the antiphlo- 
gistic treatment. Under the Ecthymata, Vogel 
has designated certain hard, unequal tumours, 
which appear transitorily on the skin. See Ef- 
florescence, Exanthem, and Pustule. 
ECTHYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy, extra- 
uterine. 
ECTILLOTICUS, Depilatory. 
ECTILMOS, Evulsion. 
ECTOME, Castration, Eccope, Entaille, Ex- 
cision. 
ECTOMIA, Castration, Eccope. 
ECTOMIUS, Castratus. 
ECTONION, Helleborus niger. 
ECTOPARASITES, Epizoa. 
ECTOP'IA, Ectop'isis, Ectopismns, Entoee'le, 
from csTo-rof, ' out of place.' Morbid displace- 
ment of parts. See Luxation. ECTOPOCYSTICUS 
Ectopia Ani, Proctocele. 
Ectopia Cordis, Cardianas'trophl. Displace- 
ment, dislocation, or unnatural position of the 
heart. 
Ectopia Herniosa, Hernia. 
ECTOPOCYS'TICUS, from cktoitos, ' out of 
place,' and Kvcrris, ' bladder.' A disease depend- 
ent upon displacement of the bladder. 
ECTOPROTIC, Eccoprotic. 
ECTOZO'A, Extozo'a, Extozoa'ria, (F.) Exto- 
zoaires. Parasitic animals that infest the exterior 
of the body, - as lice. A term which, like Hel- 
min'thia errat'ica and Rseudohelmin'thes, is ap- 
plied to worms or larves of insects that have 
been introduced into the intestinal canal by ac- 
cident. Animalcules, most frequently swallowed, 
are the hairworm, leech, grub of the fly, caddy 
insect- Phalce'na penguina'lis •, the larve of the 
bee, the spider, the triton palus'tris, lacer'ta 
aquat'ica, <tc. In animals, bots are produced by 
swallowing the ova of the cestrus or gadfly. See 
Ilelminthia erratica. 
ECTRIM'MA, from tKrpiffw, 'I rub off-.' Ul- 
ceration of the skin ; and particularly that which 
arises from the pressure of the bed-on different 
parts of the body, after a protracted confinement. 
-Hippocrates. 
ECTROD ACTYL'IA; from tKrpuais, 'abortion,' 
and iaxrvXos, ' a finger.' A malformation, in which 
one or more fingers or toes are wanting. 
ECTROMA, Abortion. 
ECTRO'MELES; from tirrpuaK, 'abortion,' 
and piXos, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in 
which the limbs are nearly or altogether deficient, 
as in the ordinary cetacea.-J. G. St. Hilaire. 
EC'TROPE, Diver tic'ulum, from CKTptirU), ' I 
turn off,' 'divert.' Any duct by which peccant 
or morbific matter was supposed to be drawn off. 
-Hippocrates. 
ECTROP'ION, same etymon. Ectrop'ium, 
Ever'sio pal'pebrce, Blepharopto' sis Ectro'pium, 
Blepharoto'sis, Pal'pebra infe'rior extror'sum 
flexa, Divarica'tio seu Reflex'io seu Reclina'tio 
palpebra'rum, (F.) Eraillement des Paupiires, 
Renversement des Paupieres. Eversion of the 
eyelids, so that they do not completely cover the 
globe of the eye. It happens more commonly to 
the lower than to the upper eyelid. It may be 
owing to the retraction of the skin, after the cure 
of an ulcer, wound, or burn of the eyelid; or it 
may depend on tumefaction or relaxation of the 
conjunctiva. In the majority of cases, removal 
of a portion of the conjunctiva will effect a cure; 
but there are many which defy the efforts of art. 
The ancients called Ectropion of the upper eyelid 
lagophthalmia. 
ECTROSIS, Abortion. 
ECTROSMOS, Abortion. 
ECTROT'IC, from tKrpuiya, (cr, and TirpwaKd), 
'I wound,') 'abortion.' Ectrot'icus, Abortive. An 
epithet applied to methods for preventing the 
development or causing the abortion of any dis- 
ease - as of chancres by the use of caustic; 
small-pox pustules by the use of mercurial oint- 
ment, &c. 
ECTYLOTICUS, Catheretic. 
ECT1 MP ANOSIS, Tympanites. 
ECUMEUX, Frothy. 
ECUSSONS. ' Escutcheons or shields.' Plas- 
ters spread upon the skin ; or small bags-sachets 
-of the shape of escutcheons, filled with odorous 
powders, which are applied on the skin. See 
Sachet. 
EC'ZEMA, from «£«>, ' I boil out,' ' I effer- 
vesce.' Eczes'ma, Ecses'ma, Pus'tula ardens, Cy- 
tis'ma Eczema, Humid Tetter, Running Scali, 
313 
EFFERENT 
(F.) Dartre squammeuse hwnide, D. vice, Gale 
epidemique. Heat eruption. An eruption of small 
vesicles on various parts of the skin, usually set 
close or crowded together; with little or no in- 
flammation around their bases, and unattended 
by fever. 
Ec'zema Mercuria'le, Ec'zema rubrum, Ery- 
the'ma mercuria'le, E. ichor o'sum, Hydrargyr'ia, 
Hydrargyro' sis, Hydrargyri'asis, Morbus mercu- 
ria'lis, Mercu'rial lepra. A variety of eczema, 
arising from the irritation of mercury. The treat- 
ment is chiefly palliative, consisting in ablution 
with mucilaginous infusions or decoctions; mild 
dressings, where the cuticle has exfoliated; avoid- 
ing all irritation ; keeping the bowels open; with 
the use of sulphuric acid and cinchona. The 
Ec'zema Impetigino'des, Gall, or Grocer's Itch, is 
produced by the irritation of sugar. 
Eczema of the Face, at an advanced stage, 
and occurring in young children, has been de- 
scribed under the names Crusta lactea and Por- 
rigo larvalis. 
Eczema of the Hairy Scalp is often con- 
founded with other affections, under the names 
Porrigo and Tinea, which are pustular, not vesi- 
cular, in their form. It occurs during dentition, 
and even afterwards, and the discharge is so pro- 
fuse, that the head appears as if dipped in some 
glutinous liquid. By and by, the secretion dries 
into crusts and mats the hair into little separate 
tufts. The scalp gives evidence of inflammatory 
excitement, and the lymphatic ganglions of the 
neck are apt to become inflamed and suppurate. 
A variety of humid scalled head, in which the 
humour from the excoriated surface runs down 
upon the hairs, and encloses them in little silvery 
pellicles or sheaths, has received the name Asbes- 
tos Scali. 
Eczema Rubrum, Eczema mercuriale. 
ECZEMATO'SES, (G.) Eczematosen, same 
etymon. A family of diseases, in the classifica- 
tion of Fuchs, including morbid conditions of the 
cutaneous secretions-as of the perspiration, se- 
baceous and colouring matters, <tc., and hence 
many chronic cutaneous affections. Bis subdi- 
visions are, ephidroses, smegmorrhaa, acarpee, 
polycarpce and monocarpa. 
ECZESIS, Effervescens. 
ECZESMA, Eczema, Lichen tropicus. 
EDEMATOUS, (Edematous. 
EDENTATUS, Edentulus. 
EDENTULI, Nefrendes. 
EDEN'TULOUS, Eden'tulus, Edenta'tus, from 
e, and dens, dentis, 'a tooth.' x Ano'dus, Carens 
den'tibus, Nodes, Nodus, (F.) Edente. One with- 
out teeth. This defeet can only be remedied by 
artificial means. See Nefrendes. 
EDERA, Hedera helix. 
EDIBLE, Esculent. 
EDUCATIO INFANTUM, Pmdia. 
EDULCORA'TION, Glyca-n'sis, Edulcora'tio, 
from edulcorare, (dulcis, 'sweet,') 'to sweeten,' 
'to render mild.' An operation, the object of 
which is to deprive a substance of its acrid and 
disagreeable taste, or at least to disguise it. Also, 
the addition of a saccharine substance to a me- 
dicine, whose taste it is desirable to modify 
agreeably. 
EDULE, Comestible. 
EDULIS, Comestible. 
EF'FERENT, Efferent, Centrifugal, Exod'ic, 
from effero, (e, and/erro,) 'I carry,' 'transport.' 
Conveying outwards, as from the centre to the 
periphery'. 
Vasa efferen'tia are those lymphatics, which 
issue from the lymphatic gland's to convey their < > EFFERVESCENCE 
lymph to the thoracic duct; so called to distin- 
guish them from those which pass to those glands, 
and which have been termed vasa afferen'tia. 
Also, nerves are so called that convey the ner- 
vous influence from the nervous centres to the 
circumference. See Afferent. 
At the upper extremity of the mediastinum 
testis, the ducts of the rete testis terminate in 
from 9 to 30 small ducts, called vasa efferentia, 
which form the Coni vasculo'si. 
EFFERVES'CENCE, Effervescen'tia, Zesis, 
Ee'zesis, from effervescere, (e, and fervescere,) 'to 
grow hot.' That agitation, which is produced by 
the escape of gas through a liquid, independently 
of the heat of the mixture ; such, for instance, as 
results from the mixture of acetic acid and car- 
bonate of potassa. 
In Pathology it has a similar signification. It 
expresses, in the language of the humourists, a 
sort of ebullition in the fluids of the living body, 
produced either by elevation of temperature or 
by the reaction on each other of the principles 
contained in the fluids in circulation. 
EFFETUS, Impoverished. 
EFFICA'CIOUS, Ef'ficax, from efficere, (e, 
and/acere,) 'to accomplish.' That which pro- 
duces a great effect,-as 'an efficacious remedy.' 
Medici' na efficax, La Medecine efficace, is a 
term sometimes applied to surgery. 
EFFILA, Ephelides. 
EFFLATIO, Ecphysesis. 
EFFLATUS, Ecphysesis. 
EFFLORATIO, Exanthem. 
EFFLORES'CENCE, Effiora'tio, Effiorescen' - 
tia, from efflorescere, (e, and floresceve,) 'to blow 
as a flower.' Stribili'go, Ecthy'ma. The conver- 
sion of a solid substance into a pulverulent state 
by exposure to the air. In salts this is generally 
owing to the loss of a part of their water of cry- 
stallization. 
In Pathology, efflorescence has the same mean- 
ing as exanthema; and, in the nosology of Sau- 
vages, the name is given to that order of diseases. 
Sometimes, it is confined to the cutaneous blush, 
the exanthe' sis of Good. 
EFFLORESCENCE ER YSIPELATEUSE, 
Roseolas. 
EFFLORESCENTIA, Exanthem. 
Elevures. 
EFFLUVIUM, Emanation - e. Latrinarium, 
Mitte-e. Palustre, Miasm, Marsh. 
EFFLUXION, Abortion. 
EFFORT, (e, and fortis, 'strong.) Nisus, Co- 
na'tus, Petra. A muscular contraction of greater 
or less strength, the object of which is, either to 
resist an external force, or to accomplish a func- 
tion, which has become naturally laborious:- 
such are, the act of pushing away, or of drawing 
a body toward us, and the more or less painful 
efforts used by the mother to cause the expulsion 
of the foetus. In France, the word effort is often 
used synonymously with hernia; and signifies, 
likewise, the painful twitches of muscles, occa- 
sioned by over-exertion, or by the rupture of 
some of their fleshy fibres. Sauvages calls Efforts 
des reins, Lumba'go d nisu, the pain in the loins 
occasioned by bearing too heavy a burden. 
EFFORT, Hernia-e. des Reins, see Effort. 
EFFOSSIO, Exhumation. 
EFFRACTURA, Ecpiesma. 
Eferactu'ra Cranii, Enthla'sis Cra'nii,Fra,c- 
ture of the Cranium, with depression.-Par<?. 
EFI RENITATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
EFFUSIO, Effusion-e. Seminis Ejaculation. 
EFFVSIOS,Effu'sio,Ec'chysis,from effundere, 
(e, and fundere,) .'to pour out.' (F.) Epanche- 
wxnt, {Infiltration is the term generally employed 
314 
EISTHANTHEMA 
for effusion into the areolar membrane.) The 
pouring out of blood or of any other fluid into 
the areolar membrane, or into the cavities of the 
body. The effusion of serum or of coagulable 
lymph, for instance, is a common result of inflam- 
mation of serous membranes. 
EG ARE, Wild. 
EGAREMENT D'ESPRIT, Delirium, In- 
sanity. 
EGER, MINERAL WATERS OF THE. In 
the valley of the Eger, at the western extremity 
of Bohemia, there are several acidulous springs. 
One of the most frequented of these is Franzens- 
bad. 
EGE'RIA. In ancient mythology, a nymph 
to whom pregnant females offered sacrifices ut 
conceptus alvus facilius egeretur. By some, sup- 
posed to have been identical with Lucina. 
EGESTA, see Excretion. 
EGESTAS, Want. 
EGESTIO, Defecation, Dejection, Excretion. 
EGG-BRANDY, see Ovum. 
EGG PLANT, Solanum melongena-e. White 
of, Albumen ovi. 
EGLANTIER DE CHIEN, Rosa canina-e. 
Salvage, Rosa canina. 
EGOBRONCHOPIIONY, see Egophony. 
EGOPHONE, Egophony. z 
EGOPH'ONIC, xEgopho'nicus, (F.) Egopho- 
nique. Same etymon as the next. Having the 
character of, or relating to, egophony. 
EGOPHONTQUE, Egophonic. 
EGOPH'ONY, xEgopho'nia, from ad;, 'a goat,' 
and 'voice.' Caprilo'quium, Tragopho'nia, 
Goat's Voice, Bleating Voice, (F.) Voix chevro- 
tante, V. fgophonique, V. de Polichinelle, V. se- 
nile, Pectoriloquie chevrotante. Laennec has de- 
signated by this name, the kind of resonance of the 
voice heard through the stethoscope, when we ex- 
amine the chest of one labouring under moderate 
effusion into one of the pleurae. The voice, which 
strikes the ear through the cylinder, is more 
sharp and harsh than usual, and tremulous and 
broken, like that of the goat. The patient him- 
self is called Egophone. Bouillaud affirms that 
the 'bronchial and bleating voice,' (fgobroncho- 
phonie) is the principal symptom of pleuropneu- 
monia. Egophony exists, however, in cases of 
hepatization where there is no pleural disease. 
EGREGOR'SIS, Vigil'ia, Vigtli'ce, Vigilan'tia, 
Vigila'tio, Vigil'ium, from typcyopcw, ' I watch.' 
Watchfulness. A morbid want of sleep.-Galen. 
EGRESSES VENTRICULI, Pylorus. 
EIDOS, tibos, 'form, resemblance.' The ci is 
often changed into <■>, at the termination of a 
word. Thus, Hamato'i' des or Hama to'des. 
EILAMIDES, Meninges. 
EILE'MA, from ciAco;, R'eus, (liXew, 'I roll,') 
' a convolution.' Vogel has given this name to 
a fixed pain, occupying some portion of the in- 
testinal canal, which the patient compares to the 
sensation that would be produced by a nail driven 
into the part. 
EILEON, Ileon. 
EILEUS, Ileus. 
EILOID, {Tumour,) Eildi'des, from ciheut, 'I 
roll,' and «<5oj, 'resemblance.' A morbid growth 
of the cutis, coiled or folded. 
EILSEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. Eilsen 
is about six German miles from Hanover, at the 
foot of the Harrelberg. It has eleven springs, 
of which seven are sulphureous and four chaly- 
beate. 
EISANTHE'MA, Exanth e'ma inter'num, En- 
tanthe'ma, from ny, ' within,' and avOrjga, ' efflo- 
rescence.' An eruption on a mucous membrane; 
-aphthae, for example. EISBOLE 
FTP BOLE, Attack, Injection. 
EISPNOE. Inspiration. 
EJACULATIO, Ejaculation - e. Seminis Im- 
pedita, Bradyspermatismus. 
EJACULA'TION, Ejacula'tio, from e, and ja- 
culare,-itself from jacere, 'to throw.' Gonobol'ia, 
Gonobolia' mus, Ejaculatio seu Profit'aio seu Effu'- 
aio Sem'inia, Expatra'tio, Patra'tio, Spermob'ole. 
The emission of sperm. The act, by which that 
fluid is darted out through the urethra. 
E.TAC'ULATOR. Same etymon. That which 
effects the emission of sperm. See Transversus 
perinaei. 
Ejaculator Seminis. Accelerator urinae. 
EJAC'ULATORY, Ejacula'torius, Ejac'ulana: 
same etymon. Concerned in the ejaculation of 
sperm. 
Ejaculatory Ducts or Canals, (F.) Conduits 
on Canaux tjaculateurs, are formed by the union 
of the vasa deferentia with the ducts of the vesi- 
culae seminales. They open at thelateral and ante- 
rior parts of the verumontanum, and convey into 
the urethra the sperm which is discharged from 
the vesieulae, as well as that which comes directly 
from the testicle by the vas deferens. Between 
them there is often a depression, sometimes of a 
large size, which is termed Utric'ulus, Vesi'ca seu 
reaic'ula proatat'ica seu Sinus pocula'ria, which 
has been regarded as the analogue to the uterus 
in the female, and thence called U'terua mascu- 
li'nita. 
E.TECTIO. Excretion-e. Faecum, Defecation. 
EJEC'TION, Ejee'tio, from ejicere, (e, nnd/a- 
eere,) 'to throw out or eject.' The excretion of 
the faeces, urine, sputa, &e. 
EL NISPERO, Sapota. 
ELABORA'TION, Elabora'tio, from e, and 
labors'to work.' This word is used, by phy- 
siologists, to signify the various changes which 
substances susceptible of assimilation undergo, 
through the action of living organs, before they 
are capable of serving for nutrition. The food is 
said to be elaborated in the stomach during the 
formation of chyme; the chyme is elaborated in 
the small intestine before it is chyle, ifcc. 
EL/EA, Olea Europaea. 
ELJEAGNUS, Myrica gale-e. Cordo, Myrica 
gale. 
ELJEOCARPUS COPALIFERA, Copal. 
ELASOM'ELI, from tXatov, 'oil,' and /itXi, 
'honey.' Dioscorides means, by this, an oil 
thicker than honey, and of a sweet taste, which 
flows from the trunk of a tree in Syria. It is 
acrid and purgative; and sometimes occasions 
serious symptoms, according to that author. - 
Gorrmus. 
ELJEOM'ETER, from tXatov, 'oil,' and perpov, 
'measure.' A very delicate glass hydrometer, for 
testing the purity of olive or almond oil, by de- 
termining their densities. The 0 or zero of the 
scale is the point at which the instrument floats 
in the oil of poppy seeds. In pure olive oil, it 
floats at 50°. and the space between these points 
is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered ac- 
cordingly. It floats at 38° or 38J° in pure oil of 
almonds. 
EL.EON, Oil. 
ELzEOPH'ANES, from cXaiov,'oil,' and -fiatvo- 
/iai, 'I appear. That which has the appearance 
of oil: as Uri'na eleeopb'anes. 
EL.EO-SAC'CHARI M, from eXatov, 'oil,' and 
aaKxap, 'sugar.' O'leo-Sae'chririim, lial'samo- 
Sae'charum. A medicine, composed of essential 
oil and sugar. It was made by pouring upon an 
ounce of sugar, reduced to an impalpable pow- 
der, Jss or 5j of an essential oil; the mixture 
315 
ELECTRICITY 
being triturated until the two substances were 
perfectly united.-Rolfink. 
ELAIN, see Pinguedo. 
ELAIS GUINEENSIS, see Cocos butyracea- 
e. Occidentalis, see Cocos butyracea. 
ELAN, Cervus aloes. 
ELANOEMENT, see Lancinating. 
ELAPHOBOSCUM, Pastinaca sativa. 
ELAPHRIUM ELEMIFERUM, see Amyris 
elemifera-e. Tomentosum, Fagara octandra. 
ELAPSUS, Luxation. 
ELAS'MA, from cAatvu, 'I drive up.' A clyster 
pipe.-Linden. 
ELASTES, Elasticity. 
ELASTIC"ITY, Elastic"itas, El'ater, Elas'tes, 
El'ates, Vis elas'tica, Tone, Tonic"ity, (F.) Con- 
tractility de Tissu, Contractility par dtfaut d'ex- 
tension, from cXavvia, ' I impel.' The property by 
which certain bodies return to their proper size 
and shape, where these have been modified by 
pressure or otherwise. It is possessed by the 
dead as well as by the living solid. 
ELATE, Pinus picea-e. Theleia, Pinus rubra. 
ELATER, Elasticity. 
ELATERINE, see Momordica- elaterium. 
ELATERIUM, Extractum elaterii, Momordica 
elaterium-e. Cordifolium, Momordica elaterium. 
ELATES, Elasticity. 
ELATIN, see Momordica elaterium. 
ELATINE, Antirhinum elatine - e. Cymbala- 
ria, Antirhinum linaria-e. Hastata, Antirhinum 
elatine. 
ELBOW, Sax, from ell, and bow; the 
bend of the ulna. Cu'bitus, Ancon, Pechys, Ulna, 
Umbo, (F.) Coude. This word, abstractedly, 
means the angle formed by the union of two 
straight bodies. It is particularly applied to the 
articulation of the arm with the forearm, and 
especially to the projection formed by the ole- 
cranon process at the posterior part of the joint. 
Elbow, Miners', see Miners' Elbow. 
ELCOMA, Ulcer. 
ELCO'SIS, Helco' sis, Elco'ma, Helco'ma, from 
'eAkoj, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration in general. An 
ulcer. A deep ulceration of the cornea, in con- 
sequence of a blow or of violent inflammation.- 
Galen, Pare. 
Sauvagcs applies the term to a state of the 
body, in which there are numerous ulcerations of 
an obstinate character, complicated with caries, 
putrescency, low fever, Ac. 
ELCUSTER, Embryulcus. 
ELDER, Sambucus - e. Common, Sambucus 
Canadensis-e. Dwarf, Aralia hispida, Sambucus 
ebulus-e. Prickly, Aralia spinosa. 
ELECAMPANE, Inula helenium. 
ELECTRICITAS, Electricity - e. Animalis, 
Galvanism-e. Galvanica, Galvanism-e. Metal- 
lica, Galvanism. 
ELECTRIC"ITY, Electric"itas, from jjAtirrpov, 
' amber,'-the substance in which it was first no- 
ticed. Electricity is used medicinally as an ex- 
citant. It has been occasionally employed with 
success in paralysis, rheumatism, accidental deaf- 
ness, amaurosis, amenorrhcea, Ac., but it is un- 
certain, and not much used; and the cases are not 
always clear in which it could be of service. 
It may be communicated by means of the electric 
bath - Bain tlectrique, as it has been called; 
which consists in placing the patient upon an 
isolated stool, and connecting him with the prime 
conductor, of which he thus becomes a part. The 
fluid may be communicated by points, sparks, or 
by shocks, according to the required intensity. 
Electricity, Chemical, Galvanism - e. Con- 
tact, Galvanism - e. Magnetic, Electro-Magno- 
tism-e. Voltaic, Galvanism. ELECTRIFY 
ELEC'TRIFY, from electric, and fio, 'I 
make.' (F.) Electriser. To produce the electri- 
cal condition in a body, or to render it suscep- 
tible of producing electrical phenomena. It is 
often used to signify the act of communicating 
the electric fluid to man. 
ELECTRISER, to electrify. 
ELECTRO'DES, from sXcktoov, 'amber,' and 
tiioi, 'resemblance.' An epithet for evacuations, 
which shine like amber.-Hippocrates.-Foesius. 
ELEC'TRO - MAG'NETISM, Magnetic elec- 
tric"ity. An electro-magnetic apparatus is occa- 
sionally used in cases of paralysis. A convenient 
form consists of a battery of six curved perma- 
nent magnets, and an intensity armature, around 
whose cylinders 1500 yards of fine insulated 
copper wire are coiled. The ends of the wire 
communicate respectively, with a pair of directors, 
each of which holds a piece of sponge, dipped in 
vinegar or a solution of common salt. When 
the armature is rotated, and a portion of the 
body is interposed between the directors, a suc- 
cession of shocks is received. 
ELECTROPUNC'TURE, Electropunctura'tion, 
Electrostix'is, Gal'vanopnncture. The operation 
of inserting two or more wires, and then connec- 
ting them to the poles of the galvanic apparatus. 
ELECTROSTIXIS, Electropuncture. 
ELECTRUM. Succinum. 
ELECTUAIRE DENTIFRICE, Dentifrice. 
ELECTUA'RIUM, Electa'rium ; an Electuary, 
from eligere, 'to make choice.' (F.) £lectuaire. 
A pharmaceutical composition of a soft consist- 
ence, somewhat thicker than honey, and formed 
of powders, pulps, extracts, syrup, honey, <fcc. 
In the London and American Pharmacopoeias, 
electuaries are called Confections. 
Electuarium de Aloe, Opiatum mesentericum 
-e. Aperiens, Confectio sennae-e. Aromatieum, 
Confectio aromatica-e. Cassias, Confectio cassias 
-e. Cassias fistulas, Confectio cassias - e. Cassiae 
sennae, Confectio senna;-e. Cassias tamarindatum 
seu lenitivum, Confectio cassiae - e. Catholicum 
communas, Confectio sennae-e. Cinchonas, Opia- 
tum febrifugum-e. de Croco emendatum, Confec- 
tio hyacinth!-e. Diaprunum, Confectio sennas- 
e. Eccoproticum, Confectio sennae - e. de Kinfl. 
kinfl, Opiatum febrifugum - e. Laxativum, Con- 
fectio cassiae - e. Lenitivum, Confectio sennas - 
e. Opiatum, Confectio opii-e. Scammonii, Con- 
fectio Scammoniae - e. & Scammonio, Confectio 
scammoniae - e. Sennae, Confectio sennae - e. 
Sennas compositum, Confectio sennae-e. Sennae 
cum pulpis, Confectio sennae-e. Thebaicum, Con- 
fectio opii. 
ELEENCEPIIALE, from tXaiov, 'oil,' and 
tyKupaXov, ' encephalon.' A fatty matter found by 
Couerbe in the encephalic neurine. 
ELELISPIIACOS, Salvia. 
EL'EMENT, Elemen'tum, from ancient eleo 
for oleo, 'to grow,' (?) Princip'ium, P. Primiti'- 
vum, Stochei'on. A simple, ultimate constituent 
or principle in the human body, which forms the 
basis of a fibre or tissue. Also, a constituent of 
a compound organ. The inorganic elements are 
simple principles. An organic element, proxi- 
mate principle or compound of organization, re- 
sults from the union of certain inorganic ele- 
ments. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and azote, 
are inorganic elements; fibrin, albumen, osma- 
zome, <fcc., organic elements. 
Elements, Organic, Principles, immediate - 
e. Sareous, see Sarcous. 
ELEMENTARY CELL, see Cell. 
ELEMENTUM ACIDIFICUM, Oxygen. 
ELEMI. Amyris elemifera. 
ELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
ELEVATEUR 
ELEOSELINUM, Apium petroselinum. 
ELEPHANTI'ASIS, Elephanti'a, Elepltan- 
tias'mus, El'ephas, Lax'ari morbus vel malum, 
Phrenic"eus morbus, Phymato' sis Elephanti'asis, 
from 'an elephant.' Various affections 
have been described under this name, by adding 
an epithet. It is ordinarily and generically ap- 
plied to a condition, in which the skin is thick, 
livid, rugous, tuberculate, and insensible to feeling. 
Elephantiasis of the Antilles, Barba'doet 
Leg, Glandular disease of Barbadoes, (F.) Jambes 
de Barbade, is the Elephantiasis of many writers, 
Bucne'mia. It is characterized by the leg being 
enormously tumid and misshapen; skin thick- 
ened, livid, and rugose, often scaly; scrotum, 
arms, or other parts sometimes participating in 
the affection. The Bucne'mia Trop'ica, Cochin 
leg, is an affection of this kind. 
Elephanti'asis Arab'ica, Maladie glandu- 
laire, Ladrerie, Tyri'asis, El'ephas, Elephanti'- 
asis, E. In'dica, Elephanti'a Ar'abum, Lepra 
Arabum, (of some.) In this the tubercles are 
chiefly on the face and joints. There is loss of 
hair, except on the scalp; voice, hoarse and nasal; 
and the disease is said to be contagious and he- 
reditary. It most frequently attacks the feet; 
and gives the lower extremity a fancied resem- 
blance to the leg of an elephant, whence its 
name. The seat of the disease seems to be in 
the lymphatic vessels and glands, and in the sub- 
cutaneous areolar tissue : the inflammatory con- 
dition of which is accompanied with general 
morbid symptoms. Medicine has little or no 
effect on this loathsome complaint. See Lepra. 
Elephantiasis of Cayenne, Mai rouge de 
Cayenne, seems to be a variety of Lepra, charac- 
terized by red and yellow spots, occupying the 
forehead, ears, hands, loins, <tc., afterwards ex- 
tending and becoming scaly, with deformity of 
the parts where they are seated, particularly of 
the face ; and ultimately producing cracks, ulcers, 
caries, and sometimes death. 
Elephantiasis of the Greeks, E. Grceco'- 
rum, is probably the same disease as Lepra. 
Elephantiasis of India is characterized by 
red, livid, or yellowish spots, slightly prominent, 
to which succeed indolent tumours, formed in the 
areolar texture. At a more advanced period the 
phalanges swell, and become ulcerated; the bones 
of the nose carious, the lips thickened, and ema- 
ciation gradually carries off the patient. It like- 
wise belongs to lepra. 
Elephantiasis Italica, Pellagra. 
Elephantiasis of Java is likewise a variety 
of lepra, characterized by large white tumours 
on the toes and fingers, resembling scrofulous tu- 
mefactions. These tumours ulcerate, and the 
ulcerations spread from the extremities towards 
the trunk, destroying even the bones. Amputa- 
tion can alone arrest its progress. The disease 
is often accompanied by alopecia, and by an 
eruption of red spots. 
ELEPHANTI'NUM EMPLAS'TRUM, EAr- 
rfiavrivov. An ancient plaster, composed of 30 
parts of ceruse, 45 of wax, oil Ibss, water Ibj.- 
Castelli. Oribasius and Celsus both mention a 
plaster of this name, but they are by no means 
similar in composition. 
ELEPHANTOMMA, Buphthalmia. 
ELEPIIAN'TOPUS, (F.) Elephantope ; from 
c\e<pas, ' elephant,' and irons, ' foot.' One affected 
with elephantiasis. 
ELEPHAS, Elephantiasis, Ivory. 
ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum 
cardamomum. 
ELEJUTERIA, Croton cascarilla. 
ELEVATEUR, Elevator-I. Commun de Vaile 
316 ELEVATOR 
du nez et de la levre suptrieure, Levator labii bu- 
perioris alreque nasi-i. de I'CEil, Rectus superior 
oculi-e. de la Paupiere tuplrieure, Levator pal- 
pebne superioris. 
ELEVA'TOR, from elevare, (e, and levare,) 
'to lift up.' (F.) Eltvateur. A muscle, whose 
function it is to raise the part into which it is in- 
serted. See Levator. 
Elevator, Elevato'rium, Vectie elevato'rius. 
A name given to different surgical instruments 
employed for raising portions of bone which 
have been depressed, for raising and detaching 
the portion of bone separated by the crown of 
the trepan, and for removing stumps of teeth. 
Elevator Ami, Levator aui - e. Labii inferio- 
ris, Levator labii inferioris - e. Labii superioris 
proprius, Levator labii superioris proprius - e. 
Labiorum communis, Levator anguli oris - e. 
Oculi, Rectus superior oculi-e. Patientiae, Leva- 
tor scapulae - e. Scapulae, Levator scapulae - e. 
Testiculi, Cremaster-e. Urethrae, see Transver- 
sus perinaei. 
Elevator, Common. This is a mere lever, the 
end of which is somewhat bent and made rough, 
in order that it may less readily slip away from 
the portion of bone which is to be raised. The 
instrument is used, by forming a fulcrum for it, 
either on the hand which holds it, or upon the 
fingers of the other hand; or by making a fixed 
point for it on the edge of the opening made with 
the trephine. 
Elevator of Louis differed from the last only 
in the circumstance of the screw-peg being united 
to the bridge by a kind of pivot instead of hinge, 
so that greater extent of motion was permitted. 
Elevator of Petit consists of alever mounted 
on a handle, and straight throughout its whole 
length, except at its very end, which is slightly 
curved, in order that it may be more conveni- 
ently put under the portion of bone intended to 
be elevated. The lever is pierced at various dis- 
tances from its but-end with several holes, in- 
tended for the reception of a movable screw-peg, 
fixed on the top of a kind of bridge. This part 
of the instrument consists of an arch, the ends 
of which are long, and covered with small pads, 
and on its centre is the screw-peg already men- 
tioned. By means of these holes the arm of the 
lever can be lengthened at pleasure. 
Elevator. Trip'loid, Vectis triplol'det. This 
was so called from its consisting of three branches, 
uniting above in one common trunk. The latter 
part was traversed by a long screw, having below 
a kind of hook, and above a handle for turning 
it. By turning the screw, the hook was drawn 
up, and the bone thus elevated. 
The simple lever is the only one now used, 
owing to the want of facility and advantages in 
the use of the others. 
ELEVE EXTERNE, see House-surgeon - 6. 
Interne, House-surgeon. 
E LEVURES (F.), Eflorescentioe. A generic 
name, including all the exanthemata, in which 
there is tumefaction of the tissue of the skin. 
See Exanthem. 
ELIASTER, Hech. 
ELICHRYSUM, Solidago virgaurea-e. Mon- 
tanum, Antennaria dioiea. 
ELICOIDES, Capreolaris. 
ELIGrMA. Eclectos. 
ELIQUATIO, Colliquation. 
ELIXA'TIO, Epse'sis, from elixue, 'boiled,' 
'sodden.' This word has been used synony- 
mously with Decoction. The act of boiling. 
ELIX'IR, Zstr, Ixir, Quelles, Alex'ir. The 
etymology of this word is not clear. Lemery 
derives it from 'I extract;' and also from 
317 
ELIXIR 
aXrfw, 'I aid.' Others believe it to be from Ara- 
bic, al-ecsir, or al-eksir, ' chyinistry.' An elixir 
is a medicine composed of various substances 
held in solution in alcohol. The name has been 
used, however, for preparations, which contain 
no spirit of wine. 
Elixir Ac"iditm Halleri seu Dippel'ii, 
Elixir Antipodag' ricum, E. Antinephret' icum, E. 
Sulphu'rico-ac"idum, Gutter ac"id(B ton'icce, Aqua 
Rabe'lii, Liquor ac"idus Halleri, Mistu'ra sul- 
pha'rico - ac" ida, AEther sulphu'ricus ac"idus, 
Ac"idum sulphu'ricum alcoolisa'tum, A. vitriol'- 
icum vino'sum, Al'cohol Sulphuriea'tuin, A. Sul- 
pha'rictim, is a mixture of concentrated sulphuric 
acid and alcohol; - in the Eau de Habel, of one 
part of the former to three of the latter. It is 
employed as an astringent in hemorrhages, <tc. 
Elixir Aloes, Tinctura aloes composita-e. 
Anthelminticum Succorum, Tinctura jalapii com- 
posita. 
Elixir, Anti-Asthmat'ic, of Boerhaave. 
This elixir is composed of alcohol, aniseed, cam- 
phor, orris, asarabacca root, calamus aromaticus, 
liquorice, and elecampane. It is given in asthma, 
in the dose of 20 or 30 drops. 
Elixir Antihypochondriacum, Tinctura cin- 
chonae amara- e. Antinephreticum, E. acidum 
Halleri-e. Aperitivum, Tinctura aloes composita. 
Elixir, Antiscrof'ulous of Peyrilhe ; com- 
posed of weak alcohol, subcarbonate of potassa, 
and gentian root. It is administered in scrofula. 
Elixir, Boerhaave's, see Tinctura Aloes com- 
posita. 
Elixir, Carminative, of Sylvius, Tinctura 
carminativa Sylvii - e. Daffy's, Tinctura sennas 
comp. - e. Danorum, E. pectorale regis Danirn- 
e. Foetidum, Tinctura eastorei composita - e. of 
Garus, Tinctura de croco composita-e. Guaiaci 
volatilis, Tinctura Guaiaci ammoniata - e. Jala- 
pae compositum, Tinctura jalapii composita - e. 
of Long Life, Tinctura aloes composita - e. de 
Longue vie, Tinctura aloes composita-e. d'Or de 
M. le General de la Motte, Tinctura seu Alcohol 
sulfurico-aathereus - e. Paregoric, Edinburgh, 
Tinctura opii ammoniata-e. Paregoricum, Tinc- 
tura camphorae composita-e. Pectorale dulce, 
E. pectorale regis Danise. 
Elixir Pectora'le Regis Da'nia:, Ehx'irDa- 
no' rum, E. Ringelman'ni, E. ex succo Glycyrrhi'zee, 
E. pectora'le dul'ce, E.l succo liquirit"ice: (Succ. 
glycyrrhiz. p. 1; Aq. Fcenicul. p. 2. Alcohol am- 
moniat. p. 6. A formula in many of the Pharma- 
copoeias of continental Europe.) With the addi- 
tion of opium it constitutes the Elixir ammoni- 
ato-opia'turn, Extractum theba'icum ammoniaca'le 
of some Pharmacopoeias. 
Elixir Proprietatis, Tinctura aloes compo- 
sita- e. Purgans, Tinctura jalapii composita-e. 
Radcliffe's, see Tinctura aloes composita-e. Rhej 
dulce, Vinum rhej palmati - e. Ringelmanni, E. 
pectorale regis Daniae - e. Roborans Whyttii, 
Tinctura cinchonas amara - e. Sacrum, Tinctura 
rhej et aloes - e. Salutis, Tinctura sennas comp. 
- e. Squire's, see Tinctura eamphora) composita 
- e. Stomachicum, Tinctura gentiana) composita 
- e. Stomachicus spirituosus, Tinctura cinchorne 
amara - e. Stoughton's, see Tinctura gentiana) 
composita-e. ex Succo glycyrrhizae, E. pectorale 
regis Daniae-e. ex Succo liquiritiae, E. pectorale 
regis Danorum-e. Sulphurico-acidum, E. acidum 
Halleri - e. Traumaticum, Tinctura Benzoini 
composita. 
Elixir Vit.e of Mathi'olus; composed of 
alcohol and 22 aromatic and stimulating sub- 
stances. It was formerly employed in epilepsy. 
Elixir of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid, dilute - c 
Vitrioli, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum - e. 
Vitrioli acido-aromaticum, Sulphuricum acidum ELIXIRIUM 
aromaticum - e. Vitrioli dulce, Spiritus aetheris 
aromatieus, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum - 
e. Vitrioli Edinburgensium, Sulphuricum acidum 
aromaticum-e. Vitrioli Mynsichti, Sulphuricum 
acidum aromaticum-e. of Vitriol, sweet, Spiritus 
mtheris aromatieus-e. Vitrioli cum tinctura aro- 
matica, Sulphuricum acidum aromaticum-e. of 
Vitriol, Vigani's, Spiritus tetheris aromatieus-e. 
Whyttii, Tinctura cinchonas ainara. 
ELIXIRIUM ANTISEPTICUM DOCTORIS 
CHAUSSIER, Tinctura cinchonas aetherea com- 
posita. 
ELIXIS, Eclectos. 
ELIXIVIATION, Lixiviation. 
ELK, Cervus alces-e. Bark, Magnolia macro- 
phylla-e. Tree, Andromeda arborea-e. Wood, 
Andromeda arborea, Magnolia macrophylla. 
ELLEBORASTER, Hellebores foetidus. 
ELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum. 
ELLEBORISMUS, Helleborismus. 
ELLEBORUM ALBUM, Veratrum album. 
ELLEBORUS ALBUS, Veratrum-e. Niger, 
Hellebores niger. 
ELLIPTIC, Oval. 
ELLYCIINIO'TOS, from t.XXv'xyiov, 'the wick 
of a lamp.' A sort of tent, used by the ancient 
surgeons, so called because it was shaped like a 
wick, or because it was made of a similar material. 
ELM, COMMON, Ulmus-e. Red, Ulmus Ame- 
ricana-e. Rough-leaved, Ulmus Americana-e. 
Slippery, Ulmus Americana. 
ELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
ELO'DES, Helo'des, Paludal, Marshy, (F.) J/a- 
rieageux. Febris elo'des seu helo'des seu palu- 
do'sa, Helop'yra, Helopyr' etoe, from hXoj, ' a 
marsh,' and ciiog, 'resemblance.' Marsh fever. 
(F.) Flivre intermittente paludienne, Fiivre palu- 
deenne. Also, a kind of fever, characterized by 
great moisture or sweating. 
ELOME, Orpiment. 
ELON GA'TION, Parathro'ma, Elonga'tio, 
from elongare, (e, and longue,) 'to lengthen,' 'ex- 
tend.' An incomplete luxation, in which the 
ligaments of an articulation are stretched and 
the limb lengthened, without total luxation. The 
word has also been used for the extension required 
in tho reduction of fractures and luxations, and 
for the increased length of limb, (F.) Allonge- 
ment, in diseases and dislocations of the hip-joint. 
ELUTRIATIO, Decantation, Elutriation. 
ELUTRIA'TION, Elutria'tio; originally from 
eluo, (e, and luo, 'I wash,') 'I wash away, I 
rinse.' In pharmacy a process by which the 
finer particles of a powder are separated from the 
coarser. It consists in diffusing the powder in 
water, allowing the larger and heavier particles 
to subside, and decanting the liquor, that the 
finer particles may subside. 
ELU'VIES, same etymon. An inordinate dis- 
charge of any fluid, and also the fluid itself. In 
the works of some authors it is particularly ap- 
plied to the mucus which flows from the vagina 
in cases of leucorrhoea. 
ELUXATION, Luxation. 
ELYTRATRESIA, Colpatresia. 
ELYTREURYNTER, Speculum vaginae. 
ELYTRITIS, Colposis, Leucorrhoea. 
ELYTROBLENNORRHCEA, Leucorrhoea (va- 
ginal). 
EL'YTROCE'LE, from tXwrpov, 'a vagina or 
sheath,' and ktiXti, ' a tumour.' Vogel has given 
this name to vaginal hernia, Colpoee'le. 
ELYTRODES (tunica), Vaginal coat of the 
testicle. 
ELYTRCEDE'MA, Coleoede'ma, Colpoede'ma, 
from tXvrpov, 'a vagina or sheath,' and 
' oedema.' CEdema of the vagina. 
EMBAMMA 
ELYTROITIS, Colposis. 
EL'YTRON, from tAuw, 'I involve.' A sheath. 
The vagina. The membranes which envelope 
the spinal marrow are called elytra. 
ELYTRON'CUS, Ely trophy'ma, from eXvrpov, 
' a vagina or sheath,' and oyxoj, ' a tumour.' A 
swelling of the vagina. 
ELYTROPAP'PUS RHINOCERO'TIS. A 
South African bush, Nat. Ord. Composite, the 
whole of which is bitter and resinous. The tops 
of the branches, infused in wine or brandy, make 
excellent bitters. The tops are also given in 
powder to children affected with diarrhoea. 
ELYTROPIIYMA, Elytroncus. 
ELYTROPTOSIS, Prolapsus vaginae. 
ELYTRORRHAGIA, Colporrhagia. 
ELYTROR'RHAPIIY, Elytrorrhaph'ia ; Col- 
por'rhaphy, Kolpor'rhaphy; from tXvrpov, 'the 
vagina,' and pa<pn> 'a suture.' The operation of 
closing the vagina by suture in cases of prociden- 
tia uteri. 
EM and EN, tv, 'in, into, within.' Also 'ex- 
cess;'-frequently used in this last sense by Dr. 
Good. A common prefix, generally answering to 
the prefixes im and in, in English. In composi- 
tion, before /?, w, <p, and y, the v is changed 
into y; before y, k, (, and %, into y; before X, 
into A, and before p generally into p. 
EMAC"IATE, Maces'cere, Tabes'cere, (F.) 
Amaigrir. To lose flesh, to become lean, to 
waste away. 
EMACIA'TION, Emacia'tio, from emaciare, 
(e, and maceo, 'to be lean,) 'to grow lean.' Ex- 
tenua'tio, Ma'cics, Macritu'do, Afacror, Marco'- 
res, Skeleti'a, Leptysm'us, Leptyn'sis, Pingued'- 
inis diminu'tio, (F.) Amaigrissement, Maigreur. 
That condition of the body, or of a part of the 
body, in which it grows lean. The state of one 
who is lean;-Leanness ; Isch'notes. 
EMAIL DES DENTS, Enamel of the teeth. 
EMAILLOTAGE (F.), from maillot, 'swath- 
ing or swaddling clothes.' The ' wrapping up,' or 
' packing up' in dry or wet sheets, which is prac- 
tised in hydropathic establishments to induce 
sweating. 
EMANA'TION, Emana'tio, Efflu'vium, from 
emanare, (e, and manure,) 'to issue or flow from.' 
The term is applied to a body which proceeds or 
draws its origin from other bodies; such as the 
light which emanates from the sun ; the miasma 
which arise from the putrid decomposition of ani- 
mal or vegetable substances, Ac. See Miasm. 
EMAN'SIO MEN'SIUM, from e, and manere, 
' to stay.' This term has been applied to ame- 
norrhoea or obstruction of the menses before they 
have been established. Some have used it for 
the retention which occurs even after they have 
been established. The former is the general ac- 
ceptation. z 
EMARGINATIO, Echancrure, Notch. 
EMARGINATURA, Echancrure, Notch. 
EMASCULA'TION, Emascula'tio, from ernes- 
culare, (e, and masculus, ' a male,') ' to render 
impotent.' The act of removing or destroying 
the generative organs of a male animal. 
EMASCULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
EMBALM'ING, from em, en, 'in,' and balsa- 
mum, 'balsam.' Balsama'tio, Smyrnis'mos, Ce- 
deia, Pollinctu'ra, Necrocedi'a, Conditu'ra Ca- 
dar'erum, (F.) Embaument, Imbalsamation. An 
operation which consists in impregnating the 
dead body with substances capable of preventing 
it from becoming putrid, and thus putting it in a 
condition to be preserved. 
EMBAM'MA, Apobam'ma, Damma, from ty- 
ffaitrio, ' I immerse? A medicated pickle or sauee. 
-Gorraeus. 
318 EMBARRAS 
EMBARRAS, Emphraxis. 
EMB ARRAS GASTRIQUE (F.), Gastiic dis- 
order or impediment, Collu'vies gas'trica, Sordes 
prima' rum via'rum, Status gas'tricus. Disorder 
of the stomach, in which there is loss of appetite, 
with bitterness and clamminess of mouth, white 
and yellow tongue, feeling of oppression in the 
epigastrium, and sometimes pain in that region, 
nausea and bilious or bitter vomiting; this state 
being accompanied with headaeh, lassitude, and 
pain in the back and limbs. 
EMBARRAS GASTRO-INTESTINAL, Gas- 
tro-intesti'nal disorder. Slight gastro-enteritis, 
according to the Broussaists, in which the symp- 
toms of the Embarras gastrique and E. intestinal 
are united. 
EMBARRAS INTESTINAL, Intestinal dis- 
order. The principal characters assigned to this 
are :-tension of the abdomen, colic, borborygmi, 
discharge of flatus per anum, constipation or diar- 
rhoea, <fcc. 
EMBARRURE, Engisoma. 
EMBAUMENT, Embalming. 
EMBOtTEMENT (F.). ' Encasing,' from em, 
' in,' and bolte, ' a box.' Enadelph'ia. This 
term has been applied to the theory of generation 
which considers that the germs are encased in 
each other in the ovary of the female, in such 
sort that they are developed in succession after 
impregnation. It is the theory of encasing of 
germs, or of monstrosity by inclusion. 
EMBOiTURE, Diarthrosis. 
EM'BOLE, from ' I put in place.' 
Reduction of a luxated bone. Reposit"io. 
EMBOLIMOS, Intercalary. 
EMBOLUM CEREBRI, Infundibulum of the 
brain. 
EMBONPOINT, (F.) 'In good point or 
plight.' Bona cor'poris habitu'do. The state 
of the animal body when in full health. Exces- 
sive embonpoint constitutes corpulence and obe- 
sity, and may become a morbid condition. 
EMBONPOINT EXCESSIF, Polysarcia adi- 
posa. 
EMBORISMA, Aneurism. 
EMBROCATIO, Embrocation, Irrigation. 
EMBROCA'TION, Embroca'tio, Embreg'ma, 
Em'broche, Implu'vium, from 'I sprinkle.' 
A fluid application to be rubbed on any part of 
the body. It is often used synonymously with 
liniment. Originally it was employed in the 
sense of Fomentation. 
Embrocation, Guestonian, see Oleum Terebin- 
thinae rectificatum. 
EMBROCHE, Embrocation. 
EMBRYEMA, Embrocation. 
EM'BRYO, Em'bryon, from tv, 'in,' and (ipvtn, 
'I grow.' Oye'ma. The fecundated germ, in the 
early stages of its development in utero. At a 
certain period of its increase, the name foetus is 
given to it, but at what period is not determined. 
Generally, the embryo state is considered to ex- 
tend to the period of quickening. 
EMBR1 OC'TONY, Foetus trucida'tio, from 
tfiffpvov, 'the embryo,' and ktovos, 'destruction.' 
The act of destroying a foetus in utero, when in- 
surmountable obstacles - as certain deformities 
of the pelvis-oppose delivery. 
EMBRYOG'RAPHY, Embryogra'pkia, from 
tp0pvov, 'the embryo,' and ' a description.' 
The part of anatomy which describes the embryo. 
EMBRYOL'OGY, Embryolog" ia, from cpflpvov, 
' the embryo,' and Xoyos, ' a description. The 
doctrine of embryonic development. 
EMBRYON'IC, Embryon'icus, (F.) Embryo- 
pique, Embryonnaire; same etymon as embryo. 
319 
EMETINE 
Relating or appertaining to an embryo: - as 
'embryonic life.' 
EMBRYONIQUE, Embryonic. 
EMBRYONNAIRE, Embryonic. 
EMBRYOTHLAS'TA, Embryothlas'tes, Em- 
bryothlas'tum, (F.) Embryotome, from tp/Jpvov, 
' the embryo,' and 5A«w, * I break.' An instru- 
ment for dividing the icetus piecemeal, in order 
to effect delivery. A crotchet or other instru- 
ment, used, in certain cases of laborious parturi- 
tion, to break the bones of the foetus, for the 
purpose of extracting them with greater facility. 
-Hippocrates, Galen. 
EMBRYOTOCIA, Abortion. 
EMBRYOTOME, Embryothlasta 
EMBRYOT'OMY, Embryotom'ia, from ipftpvov, 
ton embryo,' and rtyvuv, * to cut.' A division of 
the foetus into fragments, to extract it by piece- 
meal, when the narrowness of the pelvis or other 
faulty conformation opposes delivery. 
EMBRYOT'ROPHY, Embryotroph'ia, from 
eyPpvov, ' the embryo,' and Tpo<pn, ' nourishment.' 
Foetal nutrition; Gyot'rophy. 
EMBRYUL'CIA, Embryusterul'cia, from ip- 
flpvov, ' embryo, foetus,' and eAkw, ' I extract,' * I 
draw.' A surgical operation, by which the foetus 
is extracted by means of appropriate instruments, 
when faulty conformation or other circunstonces 
prevent delivery by the natural efforts. 
EMBRYUL'CUS, Elcus'ter, same etymon. An 
iron hook or crotchet, described by Fabricius ab 
Aquapendente, which was used to extract the 
foetus in some cases of laborious labour. 
EMBRYUSTERULCIA, Embryulcia. 
EMENDANS, Corrigcnt. 
EMERAUDE, Smaragdus. 
EMESIA, Vomiturition. 
EMESIS, Vomiting. 
EMETATROPH'IA, from cyiu>, 'I vomit,' and 
arpo<j>ia, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy induced 
by vomiting. 
EMETIA, Emetine. 
EMET'IC, Emet'icum, Vomito'rium, Vom'itory, 
Vomit, Puke, from tptw, ' I vomit.' A substance 
capable of producing vomiting. (F.) Em&ique. 
[This term is also restricted by the French to 
tartanzed antimony - the emetic, as it were, par 
excellence.] Vomitif. 
Tartarized antimony, emetine, ipecacuanha, 
and sulphate of zinc, are the chief emetics. 
They are valuable agents in disease, and may 
either act primarily on the stomach, or seconda- 
rily on other parts of the system, - the sym- 
pathy between the stomach and other parts of 
the body being very extensive, and an impor- 
tant object of study. 
The following are the usual emetics : - Anti- 
monii et Potassae Tartras; Cupri Acetas; Cupri 
Sulphas; Emetina; Gillenia; Hydrargyri Sul- 
phas Flavus; Ipecacuanha; Lobelia; Sanguina- 
ria ; Scilla; Sinapis, and Zinci Sulphas. 
Emetic Root, Euphorbia corollata-e. Tartar, 
Antimonium tartarizatum- e. Weed, Lobelia 
inflate. 
EMETICOLOGIA, Emetology. 
EM'ETINE, Emeti'na, Emet'ia, Vom'itine. A 
vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Pelletier in 
ipecacuanha, and to which it* owes its emetic 
power. It is obtained from different ipecacu- 
anhas, but chiefly from psychot'ria emet'ica, 
callicoc'ca ipecacuan'ha, and vi'ola emet'ica. It 
is in transparent scales, of a reddish-brown colour, 
almost inodorous, of a bitter, slightly acrid taste,- 
is unchangeable in the air, soluble in water and 
alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Three grains of 
impure emetia or one grain of pure are equal to 
18 of ipecacuanha. See Ipecacuanha. EMETIQUE 
EMETIQUE, Antimonium tartarizatum, 
Emetic. 
EMETO-CATHARSIS, see Emeto-cathartic. 
EM'ETO-CATHAR'TIC, Em'eto-cathar'ticus, 
from tjutrof, 'vomiting,' aud KaSaprucos, 'a purga- 
tive.' A remedy, which at the same time excites 
vomiting and purging-Em'eto-cathar'sis. 
EMETOL'OGY, Emetolog"ia, Emeticolog"ia, 
from ' vomiting,' and Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' 
A treatise on vomiting, and on emetics. 
EM'INENCE, Eminen'tia, Protuberan' tia, Ex' - 
oche, Exanthe'ma. A projection at the surface 
of a healthy or diseased organ. 
EMINENCE PORTE ANTER1EURE, Lo- 
bulus anonymus-e. Porte posterieure, Lobulus 
Spigelii-Sus-pubienne, Mons veneris. 
EMINENCES BIGEMINEES, Quadrigemi- 
na corpora - e. Latgrales, Corpora olivaria - e. 
Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia- e. Vermi- 
formes du cervelet, Vermiformes processus. 
EMINENTIA, Protuberantia - e. Annularis, 
Pons varolii-e. Pyramidalis, Crista vestibuli-e. 
Tympani, Pyramid. 
EMINENTIA5 BIGEMIN2E, Quadrigemina 
tubercula-e. Candicantes, Mammillary Tubercles 
- e. Lenticulares, Corpora striata-e. Magnae 
cerebri, Thalami nervorum opticorum - e. Medi- 
an® Internae, Corpora pyramidalia-e. Olivares, 
Corpora olivaria-e. Ovales Laterales, Corpora oli- 
varia-e. Pyramidales, Corpora pyramidalia-e. 
Quadrigeminte, Quadrigemina tubercula - e. Te- 
retes, Processus teretes. 
EMTSSAIHE, Emunctory. 
EMISSA'RIA SANTORI'NI. A name given 
to some small veins, which communicate with the 
sinuses of the dura mater, by apertures in the 
cranium. Such are the parietal, posterior con- 
dyloid, mastoid veins, Ac. 
EMISSIO, Emission - e. Seminis, Sperma- 
tismus. 
EMIS'SION, Emis'sio, from emitters, (e, and 
mittere,) 'to send out,' 'drive out.' The act by 
which any matter whatever is thrown from the 
body. Thus, we say Emission of urine, Emission 
of semen, Ac. 
EMISSION SANGUINE, Bloodletting. 
EMMEN'AGOGUES, Emmen ago'ga, Emmeni- 
ago'ga, Ame'nia, from eppr/va, 'the menses,' and 
ayw, ' I drive,' or ' expel.' Men'agogues. A name 
given to medicines believed to have the power of 
favouring the discharge of the menses. There 
is probably no substance which possesses this 
power directly. According to different condi- 
tions of the system, the most opposite reme- 
dies may act as emmenagogues. Black helle- 
bore, savin, madder, polygala senega, and ergot, 
are reputed to be specific emmenagogues. The 
following list comprises the chief of them : - 
Cunila Pulegioides; Hellebores Niger; Mentha 
Pulegium; Rosmarinus; Rubia; Sabina; Secale 
Cornutum ; Senega, and Tanacetum. 
EMMENAGOLOG"IA, from eppnvayu>-ya, and 
Aoyof, ' discourse.' A treatise of emmenagogues. 
EMMENIA, Menses. 
EMMENIAGOGA, Emmenagogues. 
EMMENOLOG"IA, from sppnva, 'menses,' 
and Aoyot, 'a discourse.' A treatise on men- 
struation. 
EMMENOLOG"ICAL, Emmenolog"icus: same 
etymon as the last. Relating or appertaining to 
menstruation. 
EMMYXIUM ARTICULARE, Hydrarthrus. 
EMOLLIENTIA, Emollients. 
EMOL'LIENTS, Emollien'tia, Malthac'tica, 
llelaxan'tia, Epiceras'tica, Malac'tica, Lubri 
can'tia, Malacopoe'a, Mollien'tia, from emollire, 
(e, and mollire, 'to soften.') Substances which 
320 
EMPHYMA 
relax and soften parts that are inflamed, or too 
tense. They are used both internally and exter- 
nally : as the former, however, consist of muci- 
laginous substances, they are generally reckoned 
as demulcents: the latter, or proper emollients, 
consist of oils, cataplasms, fomentations, Ac. 
Oleaginous bodies, rubbed on a part, act by di- 
minishing its cohesion. Fomentations, in cases 
of internal inflammation, act probably through 
contiguous sympathy. The following are the 
chief emollients : - Adeps ; Amygdalae Oleum ; 
Avente Farina: Cera; Cetaceum; Linum ; Olivae 
Oleum; Sesamum; Tritici Farina, and Ulmus. 
EMOLLITIES, Mollities-e. Morbosa, Molli- 
fies-e. Ossium, Mollities ossium-e. Uteri Mor- 
bosa, Jlysteromalacia. 
EMOLLITIO, Mollities-e. Ventriculi, Gastro- 
malacia. 
EMONCTOIRE, Emunctory. 
EMOPTOE, Hmmoptysis. 
EMOTIO, Delirium, Luxation, Passion. 
EMO'TIONAL, from emotio, (e, 'from,' and 
moreo, mu tux, ' to move.') Relating to emotion 
or passion independently of the will: - hence an 
' emotional or instinctive impulse.' 
EMJ'ASMA, Cataplasma. 
EMPATEMENT, from empater, ' to render 
pasty or doughy.' A non-inflammatory engorge- 
ment, which retains, more or less, the impression 
of the finger. 
EMPATHE'MA, Ma'nia a pathe'mate, (F.) 
Jfante sans dilire; ungovernable passion ; from 
eg, or tv, ' in,' and ira3o;, ' suffering.' Fixed de- 
lusion. 
EMPEIRIA, Experience. 
EMPETRUM, Herniaria glabra. 
EM'PHLYSIS, from tg, or ev, 'in,' 
'a vesicular tumour or eruption;' Ich'orous Ex- 
an'them. An eruption of vesicular pimples, filled 
progressively with an acrid and colourless, or 
nearly colourless, fluid; terminating in scurf or 
laminated scabs. A genus in the order Exanthe- 
matica, class Hcematiea of Good. 
Emphlysis Aphtha, Aphthae, Stomatitis, aph- 
thous - e. Erysipelas, Erysipelas - e. Miliaria, 
Miliary fever - e. Pemphigus, Pemphigus - e. 
Vaccina inserta, Vaccina-e. Varicella, Varicella. 
EMPHRACTIC, Emphracticus. 
EMPHRACTICA, Physconia. 
EMPIIRAC'TICUS, Emphrac'tic, from cpuppar- 
n>, ' I close,' ' I obstruct.' Emplas'ticus, Emplat- 
tom'enos. Any substance which, when applied to 
the skin, was presumed to close the pores. 
EMPIIRAG'MA, same etymon. Obturamen'- 
tum, Impedimen'tum. Anything that obstructs. 
Hippocrates uses this term to designate the ob- 
stacle to delivery on the part of the foetus, when 
the presentation is preternatural. 
Emphragma Lachrymals, Fistula lachryma- 
lis-e. Salivare, Ranula. 
EMPIIRAX'IS, Obstruc'tio, Obtura'tio, Oppi- 
la'tio, Infarc'tus, Farctus, Fartus. Same etymon. 
'Obstruction.' An Embarras or repletion of ca- 
nals or cavities by any substance, which is either 
morbid from quantity or quality. 
Emphraxis Hepatis, Hepatemphraxis. 
EMPHYMA. Tumour-e. Encystis, Encystis 
-e. Encystis atheroma, Atheroma - e. Encystis 
ganglion, Ganglion, Testudo - e. Encystis rneli- 
ceris, Meliceris - e. Encystis steatoma, Steatoma 
-e. Exostosis ossea, Exostosis-e. Exostosis pe- 
riostea, Node-e. Sarcoma, Sarcoma-e. Sarcoma 
adiposum, Adipose sarcoma-e. Sarcoma cellulo- 
sum, Cystic sarcoma-e. Sarcoma mammarum, 
Mammary sarcoma - e. Sarcoma pancreaticum, 
Pancreatic sarcoma - e. Sarcoma scirrhosum, 
Scirrhous sarcoma - e. Sarcoma tubercuiosum, EMPHYSEMA 
Tuberculate sarcoma - e. Sarcoma vaseulosum, 
Sarcoma, vascular. 
EMPHYSE'MA, from c/i0v<rao>, (tv, and ipvcaw, 
'I blow,') 'I inflate.' Injla'tio, Empneumato'sis, 
Sarci'tes flatuo'sus, Emphyse'ma cellula're, Em- 
physe'ma pneumato' sis, Physon'cus, Tumor fiatu- 
len'tus, Pneumato'sis, Infla'tion, ■ Wind-dropsy, 
(F.) Emphyslme. This term is commonly applied 
to any white, crepitant, shining, elastic, indolent 
tumour, caused by the introduction of air into the 
areolar texture. Injuries of the larynx, trachea, 
or lungs; fractures of the ribs, or wounds pene- 
trating the chest, are the most frequent causes of 
this affection, which is owing to the air escaping 
from the air-passages and insinuating itself into 
the areolar texture surrounding the wound. 
There are some cases of emphysema, which are 
owing to internal causes; and hence a division 
has been made into the accidental and sympto- 
matic, and the spontaneous and idiopathic. 
Emphysema Abdominis, Tympanites. 
Emphyse'ma of the Lungs, E. Pulmo'num, 
Asthma a'ereum ab Emphyse'mate Pulmo'num, 
Pneumato'sis Pulmo'num, Pneumonec'tasis, Pneu- 
mec'tasis, (F.) Pneumoectasie, Emphyseme du 
Poumon. A considerable pressure or contusion 
of the chest, or any violent concussion of the 
lung, may produce a laceration in that viscus, 
without injury being done to the parietes of the 
thorax, and may give place to the infiltration of 
air into the areolar texture, interlobular emphy- 
sema. Laennec has described another species of 
emphysema of the lungs, Vesicular emphysema, 
consisting in excessive dilatation of the air-cells, 
some of which become as large as hemp-seed, ul- 
timately break, and give rise to irregular vesicles 
at the surface of the lung, some of which are as 
large as a hazel-nut. Physical signs. The tho- 
rax externally, generally or locally, appears un- 
naturally convex and prominent. The intercos- 
tal spaces are widened, but depressed. The 
inspiratory efforts are increased. The sound on 
percussion is morbidly clear, but not tympanitic. 
On auscultation, the inspiratory murmur is feeble 
or suppressed. The expiration, which is more 
frequently audible is prolonged, laborious and 
wheezing. There are no certain physical signs 
which can distinguish interlobular emphysema 
from the vesicular. 
Emphysema Pectoris, Pneumothorax - e. 
Ser«J, Physocele-e. Tympanites, Tympanites- 
e. Uteri, HJuterophysis, Physometra. 
EMPHYSEM'ATOUS, Emphysemato'sue; same 
etymon. Relating or appertaining to emphysema. 
EMPHYSEME, Emphysema-e. du Poumon, 
Emphvsema of the lungs. 
EMPHYTUM THERMUM, Biolychnium. 
EMP'IRIC, Empi'ricus, from eyncipia, (tv, and 
reipa, ' a trial,') ' experience.' One who follows 
only experience. A sect of physicians, who re- 
jected all theory, and took for their guide expe- 
rience alone. It was opposed to the dogmatic 
sect. The Empiric sect prevailed till near the 
time of Galen. Among its most eminent mem- 
bers, after Philinus and Serapion, were Apollo- 
nius, Glaucias, Bacchius of Tanagra, and Zeuxis, 
both disciples of Ilerophilus,-Heraclides of Ta- 
rentum, Cleophantus, master of Asclepiades, Me- 
nodotus of Nicomedia, and Theudas of Laodicea. 
They occupied themselves, chiefly, with discover- 
ing the properties of drugs, and did important 
service, in this manner, to medicine. 
At the present day, the word Empiric is only 
taken in a bad sense, being employed in nearly 
the same signification as charlatan or quack. 
EMPIRICE, Empiricism. 
EMPIR'ICISM; same etymon. Empi'rica 
Ars, Empi'rice, (F.) Empirisme. Medicine 
321 
EMPLASTRUM 
founded on experience. It generally, at the 
present day, signifies quackery. 
EMPIRISME, Empiricism. 
EMPLAS'TICUS. Same etymon as the next. 
Also, a remedy which adheres, as a plaster, to the 
surface, and in this manner may obstruct the 
pores: an emphractic. 
EMPLASTRO-ENDERMIC, Endermic. 
EMPLAS'TRUM, from the Greek tjorXarrw, 
(tv, and -nXaaaciv, ' to form/) ' I spread upon/ 
(F.) Emplatre. A solid and tenacious compound, 
adhesive at the ordinary heat of the human body. 
Some of the plasters owe their consistence to wax 
and resin; and others to the chemical union which 
takes place between the semivitreous oxide of lead 
and oil. Most of them become too consistent by 
age. When such is the case, they may be re- 
melted by a gentle heat, and oil be added to them. 
Emplastrum Adh®sivum, Emplastrum resinee 
- e. Adhmsivum Woodstockii, see Sparadrapum 
Adhresivum- e. Alexandri, Alexandrine - e. de 
Althaea, Unguentum de Althaea. 
Emplastrum Ammoni'aci, Ammon i' a cum Plan- 
ter, (Ammoniac, pur. gv, acidi acetici dil. Oss. 
Dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar, and strain : 
then evaporate the solution by means of a water 
bath, stirring constantly until it acquires a proper 
consistence. - Ph. U. S.) It is used as a discu- 
tient plaster. 
Emplastrum Ammoni'aci cum Hydrar'gyro, 
Ammoniacum planter with mercury (Ammoni'aci 
Ibj, hydrarg. olei oliv. 3.1, sulphur, gr. viij. 
Rub the mercury with the oil until the globules 
disappear, then add the ammoniac, previously 
melted, and mix. Ph. U. S. 
Emplastrum Andre® de Cruce, E. de pice et 
resinis glutinans-e. Anglicum, see Sparadrapum 
adhaesivum. 
Emplastrum Aromat'icum, Aromat'ic Plaster. 
(Thuris cerce flavce £ss, pulv. cort. cinnam. 
3vj, Piment., ol. ess. Limon, aa 3'j- Melt 
the frankincense and wax together, and strain; 
then add, as it cools, the cinnamon, previously 
rubbed with the oils, and form a plaster. Ph. 
Dubl.) Used as a stimulating plaster. 
A spice plaster, made by incorporating pow- 
dered cinnamon and any other spices with melted 
suet, has been used in cholera infantum. It is 
spread on leather or linen, and is renewed twice 
in the twenty-four hours. 
Emplastrum Asafce'tiid®, Asafoetida plaster, 
E. antihyster'icum, (Emp. plumb., Asafoet., sing, 
ibj, Galban., Cerce flavce, aa Ibss, Alcohol, dilut. 
Oiij. Dissolve the asafoetida and galbanum in 
the alcohol, in a water bath, strain while hot. and 
evaporate to the consistence of honey; add the 
lead plaster and wax previously melted together, 
stir the mixture well, and evaporate to the proper 
consistence. - Ph. U. S.) Used as an antispas- 
modic and anodyne plaster. 
Emplastrum Attrahens, E. cerae-e. Auricu- 
lare, Hypotium. 
Emplastrum Belladon'n®, Plaster of Bella- 
don'na. (Empl. resin. §iij, Ext. Belladon. 
Add the extract to the plaster, previously melted 
in a water bath, and mix.-Ph. U. 8.) 
Emplastrum Calefa'ciens, E. Picis cum can- 
thar'ide, (Ph. U. S.,) Calefa'cient plaster, Warm 
plaster, (F.) Empl&tre (chauffant. (Cerat. can 
tharid. (Ph. U. S.) tbss, Picis abiet. tbiijss. Melt 
together, and form into a plaster. Ph. U. 8.) 
It is rubefacient and stimulant. 
Emplastrum Cantharidis, E. lyttae- e. Can- 
tharidis vesicatorii compositum, E. lyttae comp. 
-e. Cephalicum, E. picis comp. 
Emplastrum Cer®, E. simpler, War planter, 
E. At'trahens. (Cerce flavce, Sevi Prcep. aa ibiij, 
resince flavce Ibj. Melt them together and strain. EMPLASTRUM 
Ph. L.) It has been considered drawing. It is 
stimulating. 
Emplastrum Cicu't.e, E. de Cicu'td, E. coni'i 
macula'ti, Unguen'tum sol'idum de cicu'ta, Hem- 
lock plaster, (F.) Emplatre de Cigue. (Resina 
ablet. 960 p. Cera flav. 640 p. Picis alba, 448 p. 
01. cicuta per decoct, praparat. 128 p. Fol cicut. 
recent. 2000 p. Melt the resins, wax and oil; 
add the cicuta leaves, and boil; strain and add, 
after having dissolved it in vinegar of squills and 
cicuta juice, gum ammoniac. 500 p. Ph. Par.) 
It is used as a discutient, especially to scirrhous 
tumours. 
Emplastrum Citrinum, Unguentum de althaea 
e. Commune, E. Plumbi-e. Commune cum re- 
sina, E. resinae-e. Conii, E. cicutae. 
Emplastrum Cumi'ni, Cummin plaster. (Cumin, 
semin., carui sem., lauri bacc. sing. §iij, picis 
arida ibiij, cera flava 5iij. Melt the pitch and 
wax together, then add the other ingredients. 
Ph. L.) It is used as a warm, discutient plaster. 
Emplastrum Diachylon, Diachylon, E.plumbi 
-e. Divinum Nicolai, see Magnet-e. Emolliens, 
Unguentum de althaea-e. Epispasticum, E.lyttae. 
Emplastrum Ferri, E. rob'orans, Iron Plaster, 
Strength'ening Plaster. (Ferri subcarb. §iij, Emp. 
plumbi, tbij, Picis abietis, Ibss. Add the sub- 
carbonate of iron to the lead plaster and Bur- 
gundy pitch previously melted together, and stir 
constantly until they thicken upon cooling.-Ph. 
U. S.) 
Emplastrum Ferri Rubri, E. oxidi ferri 
rubri-e. Flavum, Unguentum de althaea-e. ad 
Fonticulos, Ceratum Galeni. 
Emplastrum Gal'bani, Galb'anum plaster, 
(Em.pl. litharg. tbij, gum. galban. ibss, cera flava 
Melt the galbanum before adding the plas- 
ter and wax, then melt all together. Ph. D.) A 
stimulant and discutient. 
Emplastrum Gal'bani Compos'itum. E. li- 
■ har'gyri compos'itum, Diach'ylon magnum cum 
gummi, Compound galbanum plaster. (Galb. pur. 
Emp. plumbi, Ibiij, tereb. vulg. gx, abietis 
resin, contus. Melt the galbanum and tur- 
pentine together, then mix in the resin, and af- 
terwards the plaster, previously melted. It is 
stimulant and discutient. 
Emplastrum Glutinosum, see Sparadrapum 
udhsesivum-e. cum Gummatibus, E. gummosum. 
Emplastrum Gummo'sum, Gum plaster, Em- 
flastrum lithar'gyri cum gummi, E. cum gummat'- 
ibus, E. e gummat'ibus resino'sis, E. Ox'ydi Plumbi 
temivit'rei gummo'sum, Yellow diach'ylon, Gum 
diachylon, Diachylon cum gummi. (Emp. oxid. 
plumbi semivitr. p. viii, g. resin, ammoniac., g. 
resin, bubon. galbani, cera flava, aa, p. i. Ph. E.) 
Properties and uses like the last. 
Emplastrum e Gummatibus Resinosis, E. 
gummosum. 
Emplastrum cum Gummi-Rebi'nis, (F.) Em- 
platre de gomme res inc, Diachylon gommi, Plas- 
ter of gum resins. (Emplastr. simpl. p. 1600, 
■cera flava, p. 96, picis alba, p. 96, terebinth, p. 
96. Melt by a gentle heat, and add gum ammo- 
niac, p. 32, bdellium- 32, galban. 32, and sagape- 
num, p. 32. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of 
alcohol, evaporate to the consistence of honey, 
.and mix carefully all together. Ph. P.) A discu- 
tient. 
Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rial plas- 
ter, Emplastr. lithar'gyri cum hydrar'gyro. (Hy- 
drarg. jjvj, ol. oliv., resin, aa §ij, emplast. plumbi, 
Ibj. Melt the oil and resin together, and when 
cool rub the mercury with them till the globules 
disappear; then gradually add the lead plaster, 
previously melted, and mix all. Ph. U. S.) It is 
stimulant, resolvent, and discutient Applied as 
a discutient to venereal and other tumours. 
322 
EMPLASTRUM 
Emplastrum Hydrar'gyri Compos'itum, E. 
de hydrar'gyro compos'itum, E. de Vigo cum mer- 
cu'rio emenda'tum, Compound plaster of mer'cury. 
(Empl. rimpl. p. 1250, cerce fava, p. 64, resince, 
p. 64. Melt, and before it congeals add pule. g. 
ammoniac, p. 20, bdellium, p. 20, oliban. p. 20, 
myrrh, p. 20, saffron, p. 12. Mix carefully. 
Take of mercury, p. 380, pure turpentine, p. 64, 
liquid and pure storax, p. 192. Triturate in an 
iron mortar till the globules disappear: melt all 
together, and before congealing add essential oil 
of Lavender, p. 8. Pharrn. P.) The same pro- 
perties as the last. 
Emplastrum Ichthyocollas tela? inductum, 
see Sparadrapum adhaesivum- e. Irritans, E. 
lyttae - e. Lithargyri, E. Plumbi - e. Lithargyri 
compositum, E. galbani compositum - e. Lithar- 
gyri cum gummi, E. gummosum- e. Lithargyri 
cum hydrargyro, E. hydrargyri-e. Lithargyri 
cum reeina, E. resinae - e. Lithargyrieum cum 
resina pini, E. resinae. 
Emplastrum LytTjE, E. canthar'idis, E. can- 
tharidis vesicato'rii, Plaster of the Spanish or 
blistering fly, Blistering Plaster, Fly Plaster, E. 
mel'oes vesicato'rii, E. vesicato'rium, E. ep I spas'- 
ticum, E. e cantharid'ibus epispas'ticvm solid'ius 
et tena'cius hcerens, E. irri'tans, E. rubefi'ans. 
(Cantharides, in powder, Ibj, Emp. cerce tbiss, 
adipis. preep. Ibj. Melt the plaster and lard to- 
gether, and as the mixture becomes thick, on 
cooling, sprinkle in the flies, and mix. Pharrn. 
L.) This is the common blistering plaster. Too 
much heat must not be used in its preparation. 
It requires to remain on six or eight hours before 
its full effect is induced, and it acts sufficiently 
well, provided even a piece of thin gauze or tissue 
paper be placed between it and the skin, whilst 
absorption of the flies is thus prevented. See 
Blister. The Blistering Plaster of th. Pharma- 
copoeia of the United States, Cera'tum Canthar'i- 
dis, is made as follows:-Cantharid. in pulv. 
subtiliss., Ibj, cera flavoe, resinae, aa adipis, 
§x. To the wax, resin, and lard, previously 
melted, add the Spanish flies, and stir the mix- 
ture constantly until cool. 
Emplastrum Lytta: Compos'itum, E. can- 
thar'idis vesicato'rii compos'itum, E. mel'oes vesi- 
cato'rii compos'itum, Compound plaster of can- 
thar'ides or Spanish flies. (Resin, liq. pini laricis. 
p. 18, resinae concret. pini abietis, meloes vesicat. 
aa p. 12, eerce flavoe, p. 4, subacct. eupri, p. ij, 
semin. sinapis alb., fruct. pip. nigr. aa p. j. Melt 
the pitch and wax, then add the turpentine, and 
as these cool sprinkle in the other substances, in 
the form of powder, so as to make a plaster. 
Ph. E.) The same properties as the last, but 
more energetic and speedy in its action. 
Emplastrum Meloes Vesicatorh, E. lyttae- 
e. Meloes vesicatorii comp., E. lyttse comp. - e. 
Mucilaginosum, Unguentum de althaea - e. Ni- 
grum of Augsburg, see Magnet. 
Emplastrum Norimbergen'se, E. ex ox'ido 
plumbi rubro camphor a'turn, Empldtre de Nurem- 
berg, Nuremberg plaster. (Oxid. plumb. rubr. p. 
300, ol. oliv. p. 600, aquae, q. s. Boil until the 
oxide is dissolved, and almost to dryness. Re- 
move the vessel from the fire and add yellow wax, 
p. 500. Put the vessel again on the fire, and 
after the wax is melted, add, before it congeals, 
camphor, p. 24: mix. Ph. P.) It is considered 
a desiccative, and has been employed in gan- 
grene. 
Emplastrum Nygmaticum, E. resinae. 
Emplastrum Opii, O'pium Plaster. (Opii in 
pulv. Picis abiet. ; emplastr. plumbi Ibj, 
aq. bullient. Melt together the lead plaster 
and Burgundy pitch; then add the opium pre- 
viously mixed with the water, and boil over a EM PL At RE 
gentle fire to the proper consistence.-Ph. U. S.) 
It is employed as au anodyne, and to give sup- 
port. 
Emplastrum Ox'idi Ferri Rubri, E. Ferri 
rubri, E. Rob'orans, Plaster of red oxide of iron, 
Strengthening plaster. [Empl. oxid. plumb, semi- 
vitr. p. xxiv, resina pin. p. vi, cera flava, olei 
olea Europ. sing. p. iij, oxidi ferri rubr. p. viij. 
Rub the red oxide of iron with the oil, and add 
the other ingredients melted. Ph. E.) It is 
employed as a strengthening plaster. 
Emplastrum ex Oxido plumbi semivitreo, 
E. plumbi-e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei, E. plumbi 
-e. Oxidi plumbi semivitrei gummosum, E. gum- 
mosum. 
Emplastrum Phceniceum, Diapalma- e. ex 
Oxido plumbi rubro compositum, E. Norimber- 
gense. 
Emplastrum Picis Burgun'dic.®, Emplastrum 
Picis, Burgundy Pitch Plaster, Pitch Plaster, 
[Picis Burgund. Tbvj ; cera flava, Ibss.-Ph. U. S.) 
Emplastrum Picis Compos'itum, E. cephal'- 
icum, Cephal'ic plaster, Compound pitch plaster. 
[Picis arid, ibij, abietis resina ibj, resina flava, 
cera flava, aa 3jiv, myrist. ol. ol. oliv., aqua, 
aa f?ij. To the pitch, resin, and wax, melted 
together, add the other matters and mix. Ph. L.) 
It is stimulant and rubefacient. Sometimes used 
in headaeh, - applied to the temples. See De- 
pilatory. 
Emplastrum Picis cum Cantharide, E. Ca- 
lefaeiens. 
Emplastrum de PicE et Resi'nis Glu'ti- 
NANS, E. Andrea de Cruce, Emplatre d'Andri de 
la Croix, E. collant de poix et de risines, Adhe- 
sive plaster of pitch and resins. [Picis alba, p. 
128, resin elemi, p. 32, terebinth, pur. p. 16, ol. 
laur. p. 16. Melt with a gentle heat, and pass 
through linen. Ph. P.) Used in contusions and 
fractures as a support. 
Emplastrum Plumbi, E. lythar'gyri, E. com- 
mu'ne, E. diachylum, E. ox'idi plumbi semivi'- 
trei, E. ex oxido plumbi semivitreo, Diachylon 
simplex, White Diachylon, Lead plaster, Diach- 
ylon plaster. [Plumbi oxid. semivitr. in pulv. ibv, 
olei oliv., cong., aqua Oij. Boil together over a 
slow fire, stirring constantly until the oil and 
oxide of lead cohere. Ph. U. S.) 
Emplastrum Polychrestum, E. resinse. 
Emplastrum Resi'n.e, E. adhasi'vum, E. li- 
thar'gyri cum resi'nd, E. resino' sum, E. nygmat'- 
icum, Resin plaster, Adhe'sive or Sticking plaster, 
Emplastrum commu'ne cum resi'nd., E. Polychres' - 
turn, E. lithargyr'icum cum resi'nd pini. [Resin. 
ibss. emp. plumb, ibiij. Melt the plaster, with a 
gentle heat, add the resin, and mix. Ph. U. S.) 
Employed in wounds and ulcers. 
Baynton's adhesive plaster is made by melting 
one pound of lead plaster and six drachms of 
resin together. 
Emplastrum Resinosum, E. Resinae - e. Ro- 
borans, E. Ferri (Ph. U. S.), E. oxidi ferri rubri 
-e. Rubefians, E. lyttie. 
Emplastrum Sapo'nis, E. sapona'ceum, Soap 
plaster. [Saponis concis. $iv, emplast. plumb. 
Ibiij. Mix the soap with the melted plaster, and 
boil to a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) It is a 
mild discutient. Applied to tumours, corns, &c. 
Emplastrum Simplex, E. cerae-e. Spermatis 
ceti, Ceratum cetacei. 
Emplastrum Thuris, Frank'incense plaster. 
[Emp. lithargyri, ibij, thuris, Ibss, oxid. ferri. 
rubr. Ph. D.,) Use;-the same as the plaster 
of red oxide of iron. 
Emplastrum Vesicatorium, Blister, E. lyttae 
- e. de Vigo cum mercurio emendatum, E. hy- 
drargyri compositum. 
EMPLATRE, Emplastrum-e. d'Andri de la 
323 
EMPYEMA 
Croix, Emplastrum de pice et resinis glutinans- 
e. de Cigue, Emplastrum cicutse- e. Collant dr, 
poix et de resines, Emplastrum de pice et resinis 
glutinans-e. de Gomme resine, Emplastrum cum 
gummi-resinis - e. de Nuremberg, Emplastrum 
Norimbergense. 
EMPLATTOMENOS, Emphracticus. 
EMPNEUMATOSIS, Emphysema, Inspira- 
tion. 
EMPOISONNEMENT, Poisoning. 
EMPO'RIUM, tgnopiov, (eg or tv, and n-opoj, 
'a way,) 'a market or depot.' The brain was so 
called, of old, because there all the mental affairs 
are transacted. 
Emporium Spirituum, Sensorium. 
EMPOSIS, Imbibition. 
EMPREINTE, Impression. 
EMPRESIS, Empresma. 
EMPRES'MA, Empres'mus, Empre'sis, from 
' I burn internally.' Inflammation. 
Phlegma'titB membrane'see et parynchymato'soe, 
Phlogis'tici, Febres continual inflammato'rice, In- 
flamma'tio inter'na, Cau'ma, Inter'nal inflamma- 
tion. A genus in the class hcematica, order pklo- 
gotica, of Good. 
Empresma Bronchitis, Cynanche tracheal i"- 
e. Bronchlemmitis, Cynanche trachealis-e. Car- 
ditis, Carditis - e. Cephalitis, Phrenitis - e. Cys- 
titis, Cystitis - e. Enteritis, Enteritis - e. Gastri- 
tis, Gastritis-e. Hepatitis, Hepatitis-e. Hyster- 
itis, Metritis-e. Nephritis, Nephritis-e. Orchitis, 
Hernia humoralis-e. Otitis, Otitis - e. Paristh- 
mitis, Cynanche - e. Paristhmitis tonsillaris ma- 
ligna, Cynanche maligna - e. Paristhmitis pha- 
ryngea, Cynanche pharyngea - e. Paristhmitis 
tonsillaris, Cynanche tonsillaris-e. Parotitis, Cy- 
nanche parotidaea-e. Peritonitis, Peritonitis-e. 
Peritonitis mesenterica, Mesenteritis-e. Periton- 
itis omentalis, Epiploitis-e. Picis cum Cantharide, 
E. calefaciens-e. Pleuritis, Pleuritis-e. Pleuritis 
diaphragmatica, Diaphragmitis-e. Pneumonitis, 
Pneumonia-e. Splenitis, Splenitis. 
EMPRESMUS, Empresma. 
EM'PRION, from tv, and rpiwv, ' a saw.' Ser- 
rated. Galen has given this name to the pulse, 
when the sensation produced by the artery under 
the fingers is analogous to that which would be 
caused by the unequal teeth of a saw. 
EMPROSTHOCYRTOMA, Lordosis. 
EMPROSTHOT'ONOS, Emprosthoton'ia, En- 
ta'sia tet'anus anti'cus, Tetanus anticus, from 
' forwards,' and rccvu, ' I stretch,' ' I 
extend.' A variety of tetanus, in which the body 
is drawn forwards by the permanent contraction 
of the muscles. 
E M P SY C H 0' SIS, from (tv, and 
4*vXn, 'life,') 'I animate,' 'I vivify.' A word 
formerly used for the act of animating. The union 
of the soul with the body. 
EMPTOE, Haemoptysis. 
EMPTOICA PASSIO, Haemoptysis. 
EMPTYSIS, Haemoptysis. 
EMPTYSMA, Sputum. 
EMPYE, Empyema. 
EMPYE'MA, Empye'sis, Em'pye, from tv, 'in, 
and irvov, 'pus.' Aposte'ma empye'ma. A collec- 
tion of blood or pus, and, conventionally, of other 
fluid, in some cavity of the body, and particu- 
larly in that of the pleura. Empyema is one of 
the terminations of inflammation of the pleura, 
and is called, also, Pyotho'rax verus, Pleurorrlioe'a 
purulen'ta, Diapye'ma, Ecpye'ma, Ecpye'sis, Em- 
pye'sis pec'toris, Pyo'sis pec'toris, Hydrotho'rax 
purulen'tus, Dyspnoe'a pyothorac"ica, Pneumo'nia 
suppurate'ria, Absces'sus pec'toris, A. Thora'cis, 
Pleur aposte'ma, Pleuropye'sis, (F.) Py opleurite. EMPTESIS 
The operation for empyema properly means the 
making of an opening into the thorax for the pur- 
pose of giving issue to the matter collected in 
the cavity of the pleura, although it has been 
used for the operation required for the evacuation 
of any fluid from the chest, or synonymously 
with Paracentesis thoracis. 
EMPYE'SIS; same etymon. Suppuration. 
An eruption of phlegmonous pimples, gradually 
filling with a purulent fluid, and terminating in 
thick scabs, frequently leaving pits or scabs. 
Pus'tulous Exan'them. A genus in the order Ex- 
anthematica, class Heematica of Good. See Em- 
pyema. 
Empyesis Oculi, Hypopyon-e. Pectoris, Em- 
pyema-e. Variola, Variola. 
EMPYMELIUM POLYSARCIA, Polysarcia 
adiposa. 
EMPYOCE'LE, from tv, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,' and 
' tumour,' ' hernia.' A tumour, formed by 
an accumulation of pus in the scrotum. Diffe- 
rent diseases have been described under this 
name, such as suppuration of the testicle, empy- 
ema of the tunica vaginalis, accumulation of pus 
in the cavity of a hernial sac, abscesses of dif- 
ferent kinds formed in the cellular texture of the 
scrotum, Ac. 
EMPYOM'PHALUS, from tv, 'in,' irvov, 'pus,' 
and o/i<l>aXo$, ' the navel.' This word has been 
used to designate a suppurating tumour at the 
umbilicus; or, at times, umbilical hernia, the sac 
of which is filled with blood. 
EMPYOS, Purulent. 
EMPYREU'MA, from r/rrrvpevoi, (tv, and irvp, 
'fire,') 'I kindle.' The burnt smell and acrid 
taste, which volatile products-gaseous and liquid 
-contract, when animal or vegetable substances 
are decomposed by a strong heat. The cause 
of this smell is seated in an oil, called empyreu- 
mat'ic, which does not exist in the substance sub- 
jected to the operation, but is the result of its 
decomposition. If the empyreuma occurs when 
the organic substance is placed in a still with a 
liquid, it is owing to the solid matter touching 
the bottom of the vessel to which the fire is ap- 
plied. 
EMPYREUMAT'IC, Empyreumat'icus: same 
etymon. Belonging to empyreuma, - as an em- 
pyreumatic odour. 
EM'PYROS, Febric"itans, from mp, 'fire or 
fever.' One who has fever.-Hippocrates. 
EMS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Celebrated 
springs on the river Lahn, duchy of Nassau. 
They are thermal (from 83 to 115° Fahrenheit,) 
and carbonated salines, containing carbonic acid, 
bicarbonate of soda, and chloride of sodium ; and 
are much used in gastric and intestinal affec- 
tions, Ac. 
EMUL'GENT, Emul'gens, from emulgere, (e, 
and mulgere,) 'to milk out,' 'to draw out.' A 
name given to the renal artery and vein, because 
the ancients imagined they milked, as it were, 
the urine through the kidneys. See Renal. 
EMULSIN, see Amygdalin. 
EMUL'SIO, Emul'sion; same etymon. A 
pharmaceutical preparation, of a milky-white 
opaque appearance, which is composed of oil, di- 
vided and held in suspension in water by means 
of mucilage. Emulsions have been divided into 
the true and oily, and into the false or not oily; 
the latter being composed of resinous substances, 
balsams, or camphor, rubbed up with dilute al- 
cohol, mucilage, or yolk of egg. 
Emulsio Aca'cia-: Arab'ica:, Emul'sio Arab'- 
ica ; Gum Ar'abic Emul'sion. (Nucleor. amygd. 
comm, aqua tbijss, mucilay. acac. sacch. 
3iv. While beating the decorticated almonds 
324 
EMYS 
with the sugar and water, add the mucilage.- 
Ph. E.) Used in the same cases as the last. 
Emulsio Amyg'daLj®, Lac amyg'dala, Emul'- 
sio simplex, Amygdala'turn, Mistu'ra amygdala, 
Emulsio sive Lac Amygdala'rum, Almond Emul- 
sion, Almond Milk, (F.) Lait d'amandes. (Amyg- 
dal. dale, Acacia. in pulv. 3SS > Sacchar. 
3'j ; Aqua destillat. Macerate the al- 
monds in water, and having removed their ex- 
ternal coat, beat them with the gum Arabic and 
sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thoroughly 
mixed; then rub the mixture with the distilled 
water gradually added, and strain. - Ph. U. S.) 
It is used as a diluent and demulcent. 
Emulsio Antiiiysterica, Mistura asafoetidao 
-e. Arabica, Emulsio acaciae Arabicae. 
Emulsio Camphora'ta, Mistu'ra 
Camphora ; Camphor Emulsion. (Camphora 
amygd, com. decortic., sacch. dur., aa £iv, aqua 
- Ph. E.) A convenient form for giving 
camphor. 
Emulsio Guaiacina, Mistura guaiaci-e. Le- 
niens, Looch ex ovo. 
Emulsio O'lei Amygdala'rum ; Emulsion of 
Oil of Almonds, (01. amygd. Jzj, gum acac. pulv. 
5pj, syrup, aqua destill. giv. Mix. A good 
pectoral or cough mixture. 
Emulsio O'lei Ric"ini ; Castor Oil Emulsion 
(01. ricini vitelli ovi q. s., aqua destillat. £j.) 
An aperient draught. 
Emulsio O'lei Terebin'thina? ; Emulsion of 
Oil of Tur'pentine, (01. tereb. red. Qij. sacch. 
alb. vitell. ovi j, emuls. amygd. vel aqua de- 
stillat. Mix. In rheumatic and nephritic 
affections. Dose 
Emulsio Oleosa, Looch ex ovo. 
Emulsio Purgans cum Jala'pa? Resi'na, 
Purging Emulsion with llesin of Jalap. (Ja- 
lapa resin, gr. xij. sacch. alb. gij. Triturate for 
some time, and add gradually half the yolk of 
an egg; continue to triturate, adding by degrees 
emuls. simpl. 3 V, aq. flor, aurant. £ij.-Ph. P.) 
Emulsio Purgans cum Scammo'nio ; Purging 
Emulsion with Scammony. It is prepared like 
the preceding, substituting only Scammony for 
the jalap. 
Emulsio Simplex, E. Amygdalae. 
EMULSION, Emulsio - e. Almond, Emulsio 
amygdalae-e. Camphor, Emulsio Camphorae-e. 
Castor oil, Emulsio olei ricini - e. Gum Arabic, 
Emulsio acaciae Arabicae - e. Huileuse, Looch ex 
ovo-e. of Oil of Almonds, Emulsio olei amygda- 
larum-e. of Oil of Turpentine, Emulsio olei tere- 
binthinae-e. Purging with resin of jalap, Emul- 
sio purgans cum jalapae resina-e. Purging, with 
scammony, Emulsio purgans cum scammonio. 
EMUL'SIVE, Emulsi'vus; same etymon. An 
epithet given to seeds whence oil may be ex- 
tracted by expression; such as almonds, apricots, 
peaches, hemp, rape, melons, gourds; those of 
the nut kind, and cucurbitaceous and cruciferous 
plants in general. 
EMUNCTORIUM, Emunctory - e. Cerebri, 
Nasns. 
EMUNC'TORY, Emundo'rium, from emungere, 
(e, and mungere,) 'to drain off.' 'to cleanse.' 
Emissa'rium, (F.) Emondoire, Emissaire. Any 
organ whose office it is to give issue to matters 
which ought to be excreted. The ancients be- 
lieved that some organs were more particularly 
destined to serve as emunctories of others: the 
nasal fossae, for example, they believed to be the 
emunctories of the brain. 
EMUNDANTIA, Detergents. 
EMYS PALUS'TRIS, Salt Water Ter'rapin. 
This species of turtle is found exclusively in salt 
or brackish waters, near the sea shore, along the 
whole Atlantic coast. It is much prized by the EN 
epicure, and is nutritious and tolerably easy of 
digestion when dressed plain. 
EN, see Em. 
ENADELPHIA, Emloitement. 
EN.EMA, Haemostatica. 
Styptic. 
ENASORE'MA, from tv, 'in,' and atwprw, 'I 
lift up,' 'that which hangs or floats in.' The 
Neph'ele, Nubes, Sublimamen'tum, Sublima'tio, 
Subli'ine, Suspen'turn, S. Uri'mz, Suspen'sa, Nu- 
bec'ula or cloud, which is suspended in the urine 
as it cools. 
ENAM'EL OF THE TEETH, Den'ttum Nitor, 
Cortex, Cortex stria'ta, Substan'tia filamento'sa 
of Malpighi, N. Adaman'ttna den'tium, Crusta 
Den'tium adaman'tina, Adamantine substance. 
The substance which covers the coronas of the 
teeth, and which has, also, been called the vitre- 
ous substance, Substjm'tia vit'rea, (F.) Substance 
vitrie ou emaillie, Email des Dents. The enamel 
is of a milky-white colour, and sufficiently hard 
to strike fire with steel. Its surface is very 
smooth and polished, and it forms a thicker 
layer towards the part where the teeth come in 
contact, and becomes thinner towards the cervix. 
The fibres of the enamel are perpendicular to the 
surface of the teeth, on the ivory of which they 
seem, as it were, planted. This gives them a 
velvety appearance, when examined by the mi- 
croscope. The enamel has no blood vessels, and 
is not renewed when removed. It is formed of 
phosphate of lime, and a very small portion of 
animal matter. 
ENANTHE'MA, same etymon as the next. 
A name recently given to certain eruptions of the 
mucous membrane, as exanthema is to certain 
eruptions of the skin. 
ENANTHE'SIS, from tv, 'in,' and av3ta>, 'I 
flourish.' Rash exan'them. Eruption of red, level 
or nearly level patches, variously figured, irre- 
gularly diffused, often confluent, and terminating 
in cuticular exfoliations. A genus in the order 
Exanthematica, class Ha'.matica of Cullen, inclu- 
ding scarlet fever, measles, &c. 
Enanthesis Rosalia, Scarlatina-e. Urtica- 
ria, Urticaria. 
ENANTIOPATHIC, Palliative. 
ENARTHRO'SIS, Inarticula'tio, Rail and 
Socket-joint, from tv, ' in,' and ap3pw<nS, ' an arti- 
culation.' A kind of diarthrodial articulation, in 
which the head of a bone is received into the 
cavity of another, and can be moved in all direc- 
tions. . The joint of the os femoris with the os- 
innominatum is one of this character. 
ENAR'THRUM, from tv, 'in,' and apdpov, 'a 
joint.' A foreign body in a joint. 
ENAUSMA, Fomites. 
ENCAN'TIIIS, from tv, 'in,' and sav9o{, 'the 
angle of the eye.' A tumour, formed by an in- 
crease in size, or a degeneration, of the caruncula 
lachrymalis. Any morbid growth in the inner 
angle of the eye. 
Encanthis Benig'na. Simple excrescence of 
the caruncula. It commonly yields to astringent 
collyria. 
.Encanthis Fungo'sa. A condition of the se- 
milunar fold and lachrymal caruncle, in which 
they are the seat of morbid growths. 
.Encanthis Inflammato'ria. Inflammation 
with enlargement - swelling - of the semilunar 
fold and lachrymal caruncle. 
Encanthis Malig'na has often a cancerous 
character, and requires extirpation before it has 
attained any considerable size. 
ENCARPOS, Pregnant. 
ENCASING, Emboitement. 
ENCATALEPSIS, Catalepsy. 
325 
ENCEPHALOID 
ENCATHIS'MA, Semicu'pium. With the an- 
cients Encathis'ma, cyxaSic/ja, meant a vapour- 
bath taken sitting. 
ENCAU'MA, from tv, 'in,' and xavw, 'I burn.' 
Epicau'mis, Epicau'sis, Encau'sis. A tumour 
produced by a burn. A burn. Also, an ulcer 
of the transparent cornea, occasioning loss of the 
humours.-Aetius, Gorraeus. 
ENCAUSIS, Burn, Encauma, Moxibustion. 
ENCAUSSE, MINERAL WATERS OF. En- 
causse is a village in the department of the 
Haute-Garonne, which possesses several saline, 
acidulous springs. 
ENCA VURE, Argema. 
ENCEINTE, Pregnant. 
ENCENS, Juniperus lycia. 
ENCEPHALALGIA, Cephalalgia-e. Hydro- 
pica, Hydrocephalus internus. 
ENCEPHAL'IC, Encephal'icus, from tv, 'in,' 
and KtQaXri, 'the head.' That which is situate in 
the head. A name given to several parts which 
relate to the encephalon, as, the encephalic mem- 
branes, muscles, Ac. 
ENCEPHALI'TIS: same etymon. This term 
has been used, by some nosologists, synonymously 
with Cephali'tis and Phreni'tis. By others, it has 
been appropriated to inflammation of the brain, 
in contradistinction to that of the membranes. 
Encephalitis Exsudatoria, Hydrocephalus 
internus - e. Infantum, Hydrocephalus internus 
-e. Insolationis, Coup-de-soleil-e. Membranosa, 
Meningitis-e. Peripherica, Meningitis-e. Pota- 
torum, Delirium tremens. 
ENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
ENCEPHALOCE'LE, from tyKttyaXov, 'the 
brain,' and ki/Af,, 'a tumour.' Hernia Cer'ebri, 
Fungus Cerebri, Cranioce'le, Hernia of the Brain. 
This may be a congenital or accidental affection. 
In the former case, it is dependent upon tardy 
ossification of the fontanelles or some faulty con- 
formation. In the latter, it is owing to some 
considerable loss of substance in the parietes of 
the cranium, produced by fractures, wounds with 
a cutting instrument, caries, the application of 
the trephine, Ac. In slight congenital encepha- 
locele, gentle pressure may be exerted upon the 
protruded portion. When the disease is of con- 
siderable extent, it is fatal. In accidental ence- 
phalocele, similar means must be used for con- 
fining the tumour, and preserving it from the 
action of external bodies. 
ENCEPHALOCHYSIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
nus-e. Senilis, Apoplexy, serous. 
ENCEPHALODYNIA, Cephalalgia. 
ENCEPHALOILEMIA, Cephahemia. 
ENCEPHALOHEMIE, Cephahemia. 
ENCEPII'ALOID, Encephalo'ides, Ceph'aloid, 
Cephalo'ides, Cephalo'ma, from tyKtyaXov, ' the 
brain,' and ulos, 'resemblance.' Laennec has 
given the term Enceph'aloid or Cer'ebriform 
matter to one of the morbid substances commonly 
formed by scirrhous or cancerous tumours. It is 
either encysted, in irregular masses without cysts, 
or infiltrated into the texture of the diseased or- 
gan. This name was given to it in consequence 
of its resemblance, when fully developed, to the 
medullary substance of the brain. It is also 
called Fungus medulla'ris, F. Oancro'sus medul- 
la'ris, Sarco'ma medulla're, Spongoid inflamma- 
tion, Fungus cerebra'lis, Cancer cerebri for'me, 
Cancer mollis, C. Medulla'ris, Carcino'ma medul- 
la're, C. Spongio'sum, Carci'nus spongio'sus, Mye- 
lo'ma, Myelomy'ces, Myelospon'gus, Tela acciden- 
ta'lis medulla'ris, (F.) Matiire ctrtbriforme, Car- 
cinome mou et spongeux, Tumeur encephalotde, 
Fongus mfdullaire, Carcinflme sangiant, Cancer 
mou; Milt-like turnon , Med'ulliry sarcoma, Cel'- ENCEPHALOLOGIA 
lular cancer,Fungoid disease, Hamatocer' ebriform 
disease. See Cancer. 
Encephaloid Tumour of the Lung, Phthisis, 
cancerous. 
ENCEPHALOLOG"IA, from £yw0«Xof, 'the 
encephalon,' and Aoyoj, ' a description.' A de- 
scription of the encephalon. 
EXCEPHALOMALACIA, Mollities cerebri. 
ENCEPHALOMALAXIS, Mollities cerebri. 
ENCEPH'ALON, Enceph'alum, Enceph'alus, 
from tv, ' in,' and KtrpaXn, the head.' That which 
is situate in the head. This name has generally 
been given to the brain, cerebellum, and mesoce- 
phalon. At times, it includes likewise the me- 
dulla spinalis, when it is also called the Ger'ebro- 
spinal axis and Neural axis. 
ENCEPHALOPATHI'A, from £y»c£0aXo5, 'the 
encephalon,' and radios, ' disease.' A disease of 
the encephalon. 
Encephalopathia Puerperalis, Mania,puer- 
peral - e. Saturnina, see Enctphalopathie satur- 
nine. 
ENGEPHAL OP A THIE GRAP ULEUSE, 
Delirium tremens. 
ENCEPHALOPATHIE SATURNINE, En- 
cepbalopathi'a Satwni'na, from tyKtrpaXos, 'the 
encephalon,' radios, 'disease,' and sat urn us, 'lead.' 
Encephalic disorder occasioned by the poison of 
lead. 
ENCEPHALOPHY'MATA, Phymato'ses seu 
Strumo'ses seu Tuber' cula cer'ebri. Tubercles of 
the brain. 
ENCEPHALOPIITHISIS, see Encephalo- 
pyosis. 
ENCEPHALOPYO'SIS, from ty«0aAof, 'the 
brain,' and rrvov, 'pus.' Aposte'ma seu Absces'sus 
seu Helco'sis cer'ebri. Suppuration of the brain. 
When accompanied with emaciation and hectic, 
it is called Encephalopthi'sis. 
ENCEPHALORRHAGIA, see Apoplexy. 
ENCEPHALOSCOPIA, Craniology. 
ENCEPHALOSEPSIS, Mollities cerebri. 
ENCEPHALOSIS OF THE LIVER, Hepa- 
toscirrhus. 
ENCEPHALOSISMUS, Concussion of the 
brain. 
ENCEPHALOSTRUMOSIS, see Hydrocepha- 
lus interims. 
ENCEPHALUM, Encephalon. 
ENCEPHALUS OPISTHIUS, Cerebellum. 
ENCEROSIS, Inceration. 
ENCHARAXIS, Scarification. 
ENCHEIRE'SIS, Enchire' sis, Enchei' ria, from 
tv, and xe'P, 'the hand.' Galen uses this term as 
a part of the title to one of his works, which treats 
of dissection. It means the manual treatment of 
any subject. 
ENCHEIRIA, Encheiresis. 
ENCHTFRENEMENT, Coryza. 
ENCHIRESIS, Encheiresis. 
ENCHONDROMA, Chondroma. 
ENCHORIONOSUS, Endemic. 
ENCHORIOS, Endemic. 
ENCHRISTON, Liniment. 
ENCHYLOSIS, Extraction. 
ENCHYMA, Infusum, Plethora. 
ENCHYMO'MA, Enchymo'sis, from tv, and 
%vu>, ' I pour.' By the ancients, this word was 
used to designate the sudden effusion of blood 
into the cutaneous vessels which arises from joy, 
anger, or shame; in the last instance constituting 
blushing. It differs from enchymosis in there 
being, in the latter, extravasation of blood into 
the areolar texture, and its being produced by 
an external cause; a contusion, for example.- 
Hippocrates. 
ENCHYSIS, Infusion. 
326 
ENDERMIC 
ENCL A VEE, Wedged. 
ENCL A VENENT, see Wedged. 
ENCLUNE, Incus. 
ENCLYDAS'TICOS, intna flue'tuans, from ty- 
' to float in.' Applied to liquids, e. g. 
to serum, pus, Ac., contained in any cavity. 
ENCLYSMA, Clyster, Enema. 
ENCtE'LIA, from tv, 'in,' and KotXta, 'thebel- 
ly.' The abdominal viscera. The entrails. 
ENC(ELIALGIA, Tormina-e. Inflammatoria, 
Encoelitis. 
ENCCELI'TIS, Encoelii'tis, Encoelialg"ia iA- 
flammato'ria, Inflamma'tio abdomina'lis, from 
tysoiXia, 'the abdominal contents,' and it««, in- 
flammation. Inflammation of any of the abdo- 
minal viscera. 
ENCOLPIS'MUS, from tv, 'in,' and koXvos, 
' the vagina.' Injection or introduction of any 
thing into the vagina. 
ENCOPE, Diacope, Incision. 
ENCRANION, Cerebellum. 
ENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
ENCRE, Atramentum. 
ENCYESIS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
ENCYMON, Pregnancy. 
ENCYMOSIA, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
ENCYSIS, Pregnancy. 
ENCYST'ED, Cystide obduc'tus, Sacca'tus, 
Saccula'tus, Sac'cated, Sac'ciliated, Pouched. 
Enclosed in a kyst or cyst, or pouch; from tv, 
'in,' and kvctis, 'bladder.' (F.) Enkystt. • An 
epithet given to certain tumours, or solid or fluid 
collections enclosed in a particular envelope or 
cyst. They are movable and often elastic to the 
touch. 
ENCYS'TIS, Tumor tunica'tus, T. cy s'ficus, 
Emphy'ma encys'tis. Same etymon. Lu'pia, 
Glan'dula Avicen'tia, Nodus. An encysted tu- 
mour. 
ENDAN'GIUM; properly Endangi'on, from 
eviov, ' within,' and ayyuov, ' a vessel.' The se- 
rous or lining membrane of vessels. 
ENDEICTICOS, Indicant. 
ENDEIXIOL"OGY, Endeixiolog"ia, from tv- 
itflis, 'indication,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The 
doctrine of indications. 
ENDEIXIS, Indication. 
ENDEMIA, Endemic. 
ENDEM'IC, Endem'ical, Ende'mia, Regiona'- 
Us morbus, Endem'icus, from tv, 'in,' and inpot, 
'the people,-' Encho'rios, Enchorion'osus, Ver- 
nac'ulus seu Endemius mor'bus, Endemy. A dis- 
ease is said to be endemic, or to arise from ende- 
mic" ity, (F.) endemiciti, when it is owing to some 
peculiarity in a situation or locality. Thus, ague is 
endemic in marshy countries ; goitre at the base 
of lofty mountains, Ac. Some authors use the 
term in the same sense as epidemic. We have 
no accurate knowledge of the emanations or 
other circumstances which give occasion to en- 
demic affections. We seem to know that some 
emanation from marshy lands does produce in- 
termittents ; but we are ignorant of the nature of 
such emanation. 
ENDENICITE, see Endemic.' 
ENDEMICITY, see Endemic. 
ENDEMIOL'OGY, Endemiolog"ia, from tvin- 
pia, 'an endemic,' and Xoyot, 'a discourse.' The 
doctrine of endemic diseases. 
ENDEMY, Endemic. 
ENDEPIDERMIS, Epithelium. 
ENDER'MIC, Ender'micus, Endermat'icus, 
Emplas'tro-endermic, from tv, 'in,' and itppa, 'the 
skin.' An epithet given to the method of treat- 
ing diseases by placing the therapeutical agent 
in contact with the skin, especially after the cu- 
ticle has been removed ; Endermism, Endermis'- 
mus, Endermo'sis, Noth'odus ender'mica seu en- ENDERMIS 
- 
dermat'ica. Morphia, strychnia, <fcc., are often 
administered in this way. 
ENDERMIS, see Endermic. 
ENDERMISMUS, see Endermic. 
ENDERMOS'IS, see Endermic. 
EN'DESIS, from tv, 'in,' and inn, 'I bind.' 
A ligature, bandage, connexion. Hippocrates 
has so termed the ankle-joint. 
ENDIVE, Cichorium endivia-e. Wild, Cicho- 
rium intybus. 
ENDIVIA, Cichorium endivia. 
ENDIXIS, Indication. 
ENDO, from tvhov, 'within.' A common prefix, 
as in the following terms: 
ENDO-AORTI'TIS, from tviov, 'within,' and 
aortitis, ' inflammation of the aorta.' Inflamma- 
tion of the lining membrane of the aorta. 
ENDO-ARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
ENDOCAR'DIAC, Endocar'dial, Endocardi'- 
acus : same etymon as the next. Relating to the 
endocardium, or to the interior of the heart; as 
' endocardiac sound or murmur,' - a sound pro- 
duced within the cavities of the heart, in contra- 
distinction to exocardiac or exocardial sounds or 
murmurs, which are induced by conditions of the 
external surface of the organ. 
ENDOCAR DI'TIS, Cardi'tis inter'na, Inflarn- 
ma'tio superfie"iei inter'na cordis, Inter'nal Car- 
ditis, Inflamma'tion of the internal membrane of 
the heart, from Endocard'ium, the lining mem- 
brane of the heart, and itis, inflammation. In 
this disease, the heart's action is visibly in- 
creased, and very manifest to the touch ; the 
hand is strongly repelled, and, at moments, is 
sensible of a trembling vibratory motion. Per- 
cussion gives a dull sound over a surface of seve- 
ral inches, owing, according to Bouillaud, to the 
inflammatory turgescence of the heart, and the 
engorged state of its cavities. On auscultation 
a bruit de soufflet is generally heard, masking 
one or both sounds of the heart; and the ear is 
sensible of a metallic ringing with each systole 
of the ventricle. The pulsations are rapid as 
well as strong, and, with few exceptions, irregu- 
lar, unequal and intermittent. The pulse, by the 
way, does not always indicate the force or num- 
ber of the heart's contractions. 
ENDOCAR'DIUM, from eviov, ' within,' and 
/capita, 'the heart.' The membrane that lines 
the interior of the heart. 
ENDOCHORION, see Chorion. 
ENDOCOLITIS, Dysentery. 
ENDODONTI'TIS, (F.) Inflammation de la 
Pulpe dentaire, Inflammation of the Dental mem- 
brane, from tviov, 'within,' o<5ovs, 'a tooth,' and 
tfi>, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
the lining membrane of a tooth. 
ENDO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
ENDOGASTRI'TIS, Esogastri'tis; from 
'within,' and gastritis, 'inflammation of the sto- 
mach.' Inflammation of the lining membrane 
of the stomach. 
ENDOGEN, see Endogenous. 
ENDOG"ENOUS; from tvbov, 'within,' and 
yewais, ' I engender.' A term first applied to 
plants - hence called End'ogens - in which the 
new woody matter is deposited within the old 
and towards the centre. In the animal, cells are 
often formed endogenously, or within the cells, as 
in the case of the sperm vesicles. 
ENDOLYMPH, Vitrine auditive. 
ENDOMETRI'TIS, from tviov, 'within,' and 
metritis, 'inflammation of the uterus.* Inflam- 
mation of the lining membrane of the uterus. 
ENDONARTERITIS, see Arteritis. 
ENDOSIS, Remission. 
ENDO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
327 
ENEMA 
ENDOSMOSE, Endosmo'sis, Imbibit"io, In- 
hibit" ion, from sviov, ' within,' and wcuo;, ' im- 
pulse.' A term used by Dutrochet, to express 
the action by which fluids pass from without 
to within organic membranes. The action of 
two fluids on each other, when separated by a 
membrane. The general conditions of the phe- 
nomena are:-first, that they should have an. 
affinity for the interposed membrane; and se- 
condly, that they should have an affinity for each 
other, and be miscible. 
At the present day, endosmose is generally used 
to signify the passage of the more transmissible 
flui d, whilst exosmose signifies that of the least 
transmissible. The rapidity with which endos- 
mose is accomplished varies according to the 
nature of the septum or tissue and of the pene- 
trating body, and to the penetrability of the tissue. 
ENDOSMOT'IC, Endosmot' icus; same etymon. 
Belonging to endosmose :-as an 'endosmotic cur- 
rent.' 
ENDOSTEI'TIS, from eidiov, 'within,' oorcov, 
'a bone,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the internal periosteum. 
ENDOSTEUM, Medullary membrane. 
ENDOUTERITIS, see Metritis. 
ENDUIT (F.), from induere, 'to put upon, 
'to put on.' A coat; a fur. This term is often 
applied to a layer of greater or less thickneas 
which covers the surface of certain organs, and 
particularly of the tongue and the interior of the 
mouth. The enduit is designated variously, ac- 
cording to its appearance,-enduit bilieux, jaune, 
blanc, Ac. - a bilious, yellow, white coat or fur, 
Ac. It is at times owing to the evaporation of 
the watery portions of the secretions; at others, 
to a morbid condition of the secretions : - gene- 
rally, to both causes combined. 
ENDUIT CHOROIDIEN, see Choroid. 
E NDU RCISSEMENT, Induration - e. du 
Cerveau, Sclerencephalia-e. Rouge, see Hepati- 
zation-e. du Coeur, Cardiosclerosis-e. du Tissu 
cellulaire, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
ENDYMA VENTRICULORUM, Ependyma 
ventriculorum. 
ENECHEMA, Tinnitus aurium. 
ENECIA, Synocha - e. Cauma, Synocha- e. 
Synochus Puerperarum, see Peritonitis-e. Syno- 
chus, Synochus. 
EN'EMA, from tviryii, (tv, and inyi,) 'to inject.' 
Clysma, Clysmus, Enclys'ma, Lavamen'tum, Lo'tio. 
An Injection, Clyster, (F.) Clystere, Lavement. 
A well-known form of conveying medicine into 
the intestinal canal. See Clyster. 
Enema Anod'ynum, Enema O'pii; An'odyne 
Clyster, Starch and Opium Clyster. (Gelat. amyli 
Oss, tinct. opii gtt. 40 vel 60.) Exhibited in cases 
of severe diarrhoea or dysentery. 
Enema Cathar'ticum ; Purging Clyster. 
(Manna decoct, chamcem. comp, olei oliv. 
sulph. magnes. Ph. D.) 
Enema Commu'ne ; Common Clyster, Domestic 
Clyster. ( Water gruel, or molasses and water Oss 
or Oj ; add a little oil or lard, and a spoonful of 
common salt.) Given as a cathartic enema; and, 
without the common salt, as an emollient. 
Enema Fcet'iDUM, Fetid Clyster; Mis'tura asa 
foet'ida pro clys'mate, Clysma ton'icum et anti- 
spa smod' icum seu in'citans et sedans, (F.) Lave- 
ment antispasmodique. (The last, icith the addi- 
tion of £ij of the tincture of asafoetida. Ph. D.) 
Given as an antispasmodic and anodyne. 
Enema Nicotia'na?; Tobac'co Clyster. This 
generally consists of from half a pint to a pint of 
the Infusum Tabaci. It is employed in cases of 
strangulated hernia; but occasionally acts as a 
fatal poison when given in this way. The smoka ENEPIDERMIC 
of tobacco is sometimes thrown up the rectum to 
produce the same medicinal effects as the infusion. 
Enema Opii, E. anodynum. 
Enema Terebin'thin.e ; Tur'pentine Clyster. 
(01. tereb. fgiij, gruel Oss, one yolk of egg. In- 
corporate the turpentine with the yolk, then add 
the gruel.) To be administered in cases of asca- 
rides, (oxyures.) 
ENEPIDERM'IC, Enepider'micus, from tv, 
'in,' tin, 'upon,' and 'the skin.' An epi- 
thet given to the method of treating diseases, 
which consists in the application of medicines; 
as plasters, blisters, <tc., to the skin. 
ENEREISIS, Compression. 
ENERGIA, Action, Force. 
EN'ERGY, Energi'a, from cvepyew, (cv, and 
tpyov, ' action,') ' I act.' Action. Acting power. 
Also, vigour; as the 'muscular energy,-' the 
' brain acts with energy.' 
ENERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Enervation. 
ENERVA'TION, Enerva'tio, from e, 'out of,' 
and nervus, 'strength.' The act of weakening- 
the state of being weakened. See Debility. 
ENERVATIONES TENDINE2E, Inscripti- 
ones tendineaa musculorum. 
ENERVITAS, Inertia. 
ENFANCE, Infancy. 
ENFANT, Infans-e. d Terme, see Foetus-e. 
Legitime, see Legitimate. 
ENFLURE, Swelling, (Edema-e. des Jambes 
et des cuisses de la femme accouchee, Phlegmatia 
dolens. 
ENFORCEMENT SCAPHOIDE, Scaphoi- 
des fossa. 
ENGASTERION, Laboratory. 
ENGASTRIMISME, see Engastrimyth. 
ENGASTRIMYSME, see Engastrimyth. 
ENGAS'TRIMYTH ; Engastrimy'thus, En- 
glottogas'tor, Gastril'oquus, Ventril'oquus, Gas- 
tril'oquist, Eu'rycles, Eurycli'tus, Enteroman'tis, 
Gastroman'tis, from cv, 'in,' yacrno, ' the belly,' 
and pvSeoyai, 'I discourse.' A Ventril'oquist. 
(F.) Ventriloque, Gastriloque. One who pos- 
sesses the art of modifying his natural voice, so 
that it seems to come from a greater or less dis- 
tance, and from different directions. It was for- 
merly believed that such persons spoke from the 
belly ; hence their name. It is an imitative art, 
and is called Ventriloquism. (F.) Engastri- 
misme, Engastrimyme. 
ENGEISOMA, Engisoma. 
ENGELURE, Chilblain. 
ENGHIEN MONTMORENCY, MINERAL 
WATERS OF. A hydrosulphurous water, four 
leagues from Paris, near Montmorency, which is 
possessed of some celebrity. It contains chloride 
of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sulphate of 
magnesia, sulphate of lime, carbonate of magne- 
sia, carbonate of lime, silica, sulphohydrate of 
lime and magnesia, sulphohydric acid, carbonic 
acid and azote. 
ENGISO'MA, Engeiso'ma, Engizo'ma, from 
'I approximate.' (F.) Embarrure. A 
species of fracture of the skull, in which a splin- 
ter passes beneath the sound portion of the bone, 
and compresses the brain.-Galen. Also, a kind 
of instrument used in fractures of the clavicle. 
ENGLISH DISEASE, Rachitis. 
ENGLOTTOGASTOR, Engastrimyth. 
ENGOMPHOSIS, Gomphosis. 
ENGORGEMENT, from en, 'in,' and gorge, 
'the throat.' An obstruction occurring in the 
Vessels of a part, giving rise to augmentation of 
volume. Congestion. 
ENGORGEMENT DES MEMBRES AB- 
DOMEN AUX 2 LA SUITE DES COUCHES, 
328 
ENSTROPHE 
Phlegmasia dolens-e. Hepatic, Hepatohasmla- 
e. Laiteux des membres abdominaux, Pblegmatia 
dolens. 
ENGOUEMENT (F.), Obstruc'tio, Iner'tia, 
from angere, 'to choke.' Accumulation in a 
hollow organ, of the matters secreted by it or 
carried into it. There is said to be Engouement 
des branches, when the mucus accumulates in the 
bronchia; and Engouement des intestins, when 
the matters which ought to pass through the in- 
testines are detained; as in a case of strangulated 
hernia. 
ENGOUEMENT DES POUMONS, E. of the 
lungs, in Pathological Anatomy, signifies that 
state of the lungs, in which a mixture of air and 
thin fluid escapes from them when cut into. 
ENGOURDISSEMENT, Torpor. 
ENGRENURE, Suture. 
ENHA5MAT0SIS, Haematosis. 
ENIXA, Puerpera. 
ENIXIO FCETCS, Parturition. 
ENIXUS F(ETl)S, Parturition. 
ENKYSTE, Encysted. 
ENKYSTE MEN T, Chatonnement. 
ENNEAPHAR'MACOS, from tvvea, 'nine,' 
and ipapgaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine, com- 
posed of nine simple ingredients. A pessary, so 
formed. - Galen, Paulus. The Antid'otus Hera- 
cli'dis, described by Galen, and some plasters by 
Aetius and Celsus, are, likewise, termed Aanew- 
pharmaca.-Gorrasus. 
ENOR'MON, Hormon, Im'petum fa'- 
ciens, from tv, ' in,' and oppaw, ' I rouse, ' excite.' 
A word used by Hippocrates in the same sense 
as vital principle is by modern physiologists. 
ENOSIS, Insertion. 
ENOSTOSIS, Entosto'sis, from tv, 'in,' and 
oartov, 'a bone.' A morbid growth of bone in- 
wards-the opposite to exostosis. 
ENRYTH'MOS,from tv, and 'number.' 
Having rhythm. An epithet applied to the pulse 
when its pulsations occur with some degree of 
order. It is opposed to Aryth'mos, and differs 
from Eurythmos, which signifies 'regular.' 
EN It 0 UEM ENT, Raucedo. 
ENS. A being. Paracelsus meant, by this 
term, the power exerted by certain beings on 
our body. He speaks of the Ens Dei, the Ens 
Astro'rum, the Ens natura'le, the Ens virtu'tis, 
Ens morbo'rum, Ens de poten'tibus spirit'ibus, &c. 
These absurd denominations suggested to some 
of the ancient chymists a name for certain chemi- 
cal preparations. The muriate of ammonia and 
iron was called Ens niartis; the muriate of am- 
monia and copper, Eos veneris; and Ens primvm 
was, with the alchymists, the name of a tincture 
which they considered possessed of the power of 
transmuting metals. 
. Ens Martis, Ferrum ammoniatum-e. Veneris 
Boylei, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
EN'SIFORM, Ensifor'mis, from ensis, 'a 
sword,' and forma, 'form.' Sword-like. 
Ensiform Apoph'yses or Proc"esses are the 
lesser ahe of the sphenoid bone. 
Ensiform Appen'dix or Car'tilage is the 
xiphoid appendix of the sternum, <tc. See Xi- 
phoid. 
ENSIFORMIS, Xiphoid. 
ENSI-STERNAL. Relating to the ensiform 
process of the sternum. BSclard gave this name 
to the last osseous portion of the sternum. He 
also called it I'os ultimi-sternal. See Ultimo- 
sternal. 
ENSOMATOSIS, Incorporation. 
ENSTALAX'IS, Instillation. 
EN'STROPHE, from tv, 'in,' and arpt<f>u, 'I 
turn.' Inversion of a part, as of the eyelids. ENTABLEMENT 
ENTABLEMENT, Depression. 
ENTAILLE (F.), from en, 'in,' and tailler, 
'to cut.' Excis'io, Ec'cope, Ec'tome. A deep 
wound made by a sharp instrument obliquely. 
Entailles and Taillades are, also, used to desig- 
nate deep scarifications, made for the purpose of 
producing a speedy degorgement of any tumefied 
part; such, for example, as are made in the 
tongue in certain cases of glossitis. 
ENTANTHEMA, Eisanthema. 
ENT ASIA, Tonic spasm-e. Articularis, Con- 
tractura - e. Loxia, Torticollis - e. Priapismus, 
Priapismus-e. Systremma, Cramp-e. Tetanus, 
Tetanus - e. Tetanus anticus, Emprosthotonos- 
e. Trismus, Trismus. 
ENTASIS, Tonic spasm. 
ENTAT'ICUS, Intensi'vus, from evreivui, 'I 
make tense.' A medicine which excites the ve- 
nereal appetite. 
ENTELIPATIIIA, Nymphomania. 
ENTELMINTHA, Worms. 
ENTENDEMENT, Intellect 
ENTERAD'ENES, from wcpov, 'an intestine,' 
and ahrjv, ' a gland.' The mucous glands of the 
intestines. See Peyeri glandulae. 
ENTER ADENOG'RA PHY, Enteradenogra' - 
phia, from tvripov, 'intestine,' acnv, 'gland,' and 
' a description.' A description of the in- 
testinal glands. 
ENTERADENOL'OGY, Enteradenolog"ia, 
from cyrtpov, 'intestine,' 'gland,' and Xoyos, 
' a treatise.' That part of anatomy which treats 
of the intestinal glands. 
ENTERAL'GIA, Enterodyn'ia, from EVTtpoV, 
'intestine,' and aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the intes- 
tines. Colic. 
Enteralgia Acuta, Enteritis - e. Inflamma- 
toria, Enteritis-e. Saturnina, Colica metallica. 
ENTE RANGE MPHRAXIS, Enterangi- 
emphraxis. 
ENTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Enteran- 
gemphrax'is, from ivrepov, 'intestine,' 'I 
strangle,' and cpippaaaw, ' I obstruct.' Obstruction 
of the vessels of the intestines. 
ENTERATROPH'IA, Atroph'iaIntestino'rum, 
from fvTtpoy, 'intestine,' and atrophia, 'want of 
nutrition.' Atrophy of the coats of the intestines. 
ENTERAUXE, from evrepov, 'intestine,' and 
f increase.' Hypertrophy of the muscular 
coat of the intestines.-Fuchs. 
ENTERECHE'MA, Non'itws intestina'lis. The 
sound of the movement of the intestines, heard 
by the stethoscope. 
EN TEREC'TASIS, Dilata'tio Intestino'rum, 
from evrcpov, ' intestine,' and tKraais, ' dilatation.' 
Dilatation of the intestines, as in tympanites. 
ENTERELCO'SIS, Enterhelco'sis, Enterohel- 
co'sis, from cvrtpov, 'intestine,' and 'tXxuais, 'ul- 
ceration.' Ulceration of intestines-Ulcera'tio 
intestina'hs, UVcera intestinal lia. 
ENTERELESIA, Ileus. 
ENTERELOSIS, Ileus. 
ENTEREMPHRAX'IS, Infarc'tus Intestine'- 
rum, Incarcera'tio intestine'rum inter'na, (F. ) 
Etranglement des Intestins, E. Intestinale, from 
evrtpoi', 'intestine,' and c(i<f>pa^ls, 'obstruction.' 
Obstruction of the Intestines from accumulation 
of fasces or otherwise. Also, Enterangiemphraxis. 
EN TEREN'CHY TA, Enteren'chytes, from tv- 
repov, an intestine, ev, ' in,* and ' I pour.' 
Any surgical instrument for administering injec- 
tions.-Scultetus. 
ENTEREPIPLOCELE, Enteroepiplocele. 
ENTEREPIPLOMPHALOCE'LE, from evre- 
P°v> 'intestine,' crrivhoov, 'omentum,' 
329 
ENTEROCACE 
'navel/ and KpXr), 'rupture.' Hernia of the um- 
bilicus with protrusion of the omentum and in- 
testine. 
ENTERHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis-e. Nervosa, 
Typhus (abdominal.) 
ENTERHYPERTROPII'IA, HypertropKia in- 
testino'rum, from cvrepov, ' intestine/ and hyper- 
trophia, ' excessive nutrition.' Hypertrophy of 
the coats of the intestines. 
ENTER'ICA, from c>ripov, 'an intestine.' Dis-< 
eases affecting the alimentary canal. Order I., 
Class I. (Coeliaca,) of Good. Also, medicines 
affecting the alimentary canal. 
Eh TERITE FOLLICULEUSE, see Typhus 
-e. Typhohtmique, Typhoid fever. 
ENTERI'TIS, from errepov, ' an intestine/ and 
tt««, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
the intestines. Empres'ma Enteritis, Intestino'rum 
inflamma'tio, Ileo-coli'tis, Chordap'sub, Cauma 
Enteritis, Enterophlog"ia, Enteropldogo'sia, Co'- 
lica acuta, C. inflammato'ria, Il'eus inflammato'- 
rius, Enteral'gia acu'ta, E. Inflammato'ria, Fe- 
bris intestino'rum, F. ili'aca inflammato'ria, En- 
terop'yra, (F.) Enterite, Inflammation des Intestine. 
The essential symptoms of this disease are:- 
violent abdominal pain, increased on pressure; 
with vomiting and inflammatory fever. Enteritis 
may affect both the peritoneal and the mucous 
coat of the intestines; and, in violent cases, all 
the coats may be imitated. The structure of 
the mucous and peritoneal coats is different; so 
are their functions in health and disease. The 
inflammation of the serous coat, Sero-enteritis, 
resembles that of the cellular membrane; the 
inflammation of the mucous coat that of the skin. 
The former is usually, therefore, of a more active 
character. Inflammation of the mucous coat, 
Eso-enteri'tis, Endo-enter?tie, Muco-enter? tie, 
Mucous Enteritis, PMegmymeni'tis enter'ica, is 
generally attended with diarrhoea, and its patho- 
logy is identical with that of dysentery. Inflam- 
mation of the peritoneal coat is, on the other 
hand, generally attended with constipation. 
Enteritis of the peritoneal coat, for such usually 
is the meaning of the word in the abstract, re- 
quires the most active treatment. Copious bleed- 
ing, followed up by a large dose of opium - and, 
if the symptoms be not decidedly ameliorated, 
repeating the bleeding and opium-warm fomen- 
tations, and blisters, are the chief agents to be 
relied upon. Purgatives ought not to be exhibited 
until the inflammation and spasm are abated by 
the use of the bleeding and opium. When the 
physician is called early, this plan will usually 
succeed. Sometimes, Enteritis passes into a chro- 
nic state, requiring much careful management. 
Broussais considered inflammation of the mucous 
coat of the stomach and intestines as the proxi- 
mate cause of the phenomena of fever. 
Enteritis Arthritica, Coeliagra - e. Colica, 
Colitis - e. Epiploitis, Epiploitis - e. Follicular, 
Typhoid fever -e. Folliculosa, see Typhoid -e. 
Mesenteries, Mesenteritis-e. Mucous, see Ente- 
ritis-e. Pustulosa, Dothinenteritis. 
ENTERO, from evripov, 'an intestine/ in com- 
pound words signifies intestine, as in the follow- 
ing:- 
ENTEROBRO'SIS, Enterorrhex'is, Perfora'tio 
Intestino'rum, (F.) Perforation des Intestine, from 
tvrtpov, ' an intestine/ and (3pii><n$, ' the act of 
gnawing.' Perforation of the intestines. 
ENTEROC'ACE, Dysente'ria pu'trida sen ty- 
pho'des seu ecorbu'tica seu malig'na, from evrepov, 
'an intestine, and kokos, 'evil.' Adynamic dy- 
sentery, accompanied by phenomena indicating a 
pseudo-membranous and gangrenous state of th© 
lining membrane of the large intestine. ENTEROCELE 
ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia inteBtina'lis, from e»- 
rcpov, 'an intestine/ and KrjXr], 'a hernia/ 'tu- 
mour.' Abdominal hernia, which contains only 
a portion of intestine, is so called. 
ENTERO -CEPHALOPYRA INFANTUM, 
Hydrocephalus Internus. 
ENTEROCCE'LICUS, from cvrtpov, 'intestine/ 
and KoiXta, ' the cavity of the abdomen.' Relating 
to the cavity of the abdomen. 
ENTEROCYSTOCE'LE, from evrepov, 'an in- 
testine/ Kvans, ' a bladder/ and xpXij, ' a tumour.' 
Hernia formed by the bladder and a portion of 
intestine. 
ENTERODAR'SIS, from evrcpov, 'intestine/ 
and iapait, ' skinning.' Excoriation of the mu- 
cous membrane of the intestines. 
ENTERODOTIIIENIA, Dothinenteritis. 
ENTERODYNIA, Enteralgia. 
ENTERO-EPIPLOCE'LE, Enterepiploce'le, 
Her'nia intextina'lis omenta'lie, from evrcpov, ' in- 
testine/ enirXoov, 'the omentum/ and KrfXn, 'tu- 
mour.' Hernia, formed by intestine and omentum. 
ENTERO-EPIPLOM'PHALUS, from evrcpov, 
'intestine/ etwrXoov, 'the omentum/ and o/apaXos, 
'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, containing 
intestine and omentum. Almost all umbilical 
hernias are of this kind. 
ENTEROG'RAPHY, Enterogra'phia, from cv- 
rcpov, ' intestine/ and ypa<pri, 'description.' The 
part of anatomy which describes the intestines. 
ENTERO-HASMORRHAGIA, Haematochezia. 
ENTEROHELCOSIS, Enterelcosis. 
ENTERO-HYDROCE'LE, from evrcpov, 'in- 
testine, 'water/ and KrjXrj, 'tumour.' In- 
testinal hernia complicated with hydrocele. 
ENTERO-HYDROM'PHALUS, from evrcpov, 
'intestine/ 'viimp, 'water/ and 'the na- 
vel.' Umbilical hernia, in which the sac contains, 
along with a portion of intestine, a quantity of 
serum. 
ENTERO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from evrcpov, 'in- 
testine/ 'ischium/ and KnXn, 'tumour.' 
hchiat'ic hernia, formed of intestine. 
ENTEROLITHI'ASIS, from evrcpov, 'intes- 
tine/ and XiSiaais, 'the formation of stone.' The 
formation of concretions in the intestines. 
ENTEROLITHUS, Calculi of the stomach and 
intestines - e. Bezoardus, Bezoar-e. Scybalum, 
Scybala. 
ENTEROL'OGY, Enterolog"ia, from evrcpov, 
'intestine/ and Xoyoy, 'a discourse.' The part 
of anatomy which treats of the intestines. 
ENTEROMALA'CIA, Enteromalax'ix, (F.) 
Jlamollissement de VIntettin, from evrcpov, 'an in- 
testine/ and naXaaaw, ' I soften.' Softening of the 
mucous or other coats of the intestine. 
ENTEROMALAXIS, Enteromalacia. 
ENTEROMANTIS, Engastrimyth. 
ENTERO-MEROCE'LE, from evrcpov, ' intes- 
tine/ pnpot, 'the thigh/ and KnXri, 'tumour.' Cru- 
ral hernia, formed of intestine. 
ENTERO-MESENTER'IC, Entero-m eBenter'- 
icux. Relating to the intestine and mesentery. 
ENTERO-MESENTER'ICA FEBRIS. MM. 
Petit and Serres have given this name to the 
typhoid form of adynamic fever, in which the in- 
testines are ulcerated, with enlargement of the 
corresponding mesenteric glands. See Typhus. 
ENTERO-ME SENTE RITE, Tabes mesen- 
terica-e. Mtsentirite typho'ide, see Typhus. 
ENTEROMOR'PHIA COMPRES'SA. One 
of the algae, used by the Sandwich Islanders as 
Bn esculent. 
ENTEROMPHALOCELE, Enteromphalus. 
330 
ENTEROSTENOSIS 
ENTEROM'PHALUS, Enteromplaloce'le, from 
evrcpov, ' intestine/ and optpaXos, ' umbilicus.' Um- 
bilical hernia, formed of intestine. 
ENTEROMYCODORI'TIS, from evrcpov, 'in- 
testine/ pvKos, 'slime,' Sopa, 'skin/ and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mucous 
membrane of the intestines. 
ENTERON, Intestine. 
ENTEROPARAL'YSIS, Enterople'gia, Pa- 
ralysis intestino'rum, from evrcpov, 'intestine/ 
rrapaXva-is, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the Intestines. 
ENTEROP ARIS AGOGE, Intussusceptio. 
ENTEROPATHI'Aj-Enteroj/aMy, from evrcpov, 
' intestine/ and n-afloj, ' disease.' Disease of the 
intestines in general. 
Enteropathi'a Cancero'sa, Enteroscir'rhus, 
Enteroste.no'sis scirrho'sa seu organ'iea, Entero- 
sarco'mia, Indura'tio seu Scirrhus seu Cancer seu 
Carcino' ma Intestino'rum, (F.) Cancer des Intes- 
tins. Cancer of the Intestines. 
ENTEROPERIS'TOLE, Enterospjeig'ma, Her- 
nia incarcera'ta, Incarcera'tio intestino'rum, from 
evrcpov, 'intestine/ and ircpiarcXXu, 'I contract.' 
Constriction or obstruction of the intestines, from 
a cause which acts either within the abdomen, 
or without it, as in strangulated hernia. 
ENTEROPHLOGIA, Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHLOGOSIS, Enteritis. 
ENTEROPHTHI'SIS, from evrcpov, 'intestine/ 
and (jidiais, 'consumption.' Consumption of the 
bowels. Consumption owing to suppuration in 
the intestines. 
ENTEROPHYMATA, Tubercula intestino- 
rum. 
ENTEROPLEGIA, Enteroparalysis. 
ENTEROPYRA, Enteritis. Also, entcro-me- 
senteric fever.-Alibert. 
Enteropyra Asiatica, Cholera - e. Biliosa, 
Fever, Bilious. 
ENTERORRHAG"IA, from evrcpov, 'intes- 
tine/ and payn, 'violent rupture.' Hemorrhage 
from the bowels. 
Enterorrhagia Simplex, Ilaematochez.ia. 
ENTERORRHA'PHIA, Enteror'rhaphe, from 
evrcpov, 'intestine/and patyri, 'a suture.' Suture 
of the intestines, for the relief of injuries done to 
them. 
ENTERORRHEU'MA, Eheumatis'mus Intesti- 
no'rum, from evrcpov, 'intestine/ and pevya, 'de- 
fluxion, rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the intes- 
tines. 
ENTERORRIIEXIS, Enterobrosis. 
ENTERORRHGSA, Diarrhoea, Melacna. 
ENTEROSARCOCE'LE, from evrcpov, 'intes- 
tine/ aap£, 'flesh/ and srCn, 'a tumour.' Intes- 
tinal hernia, complicated with fleshy excrescence, 
or rather sarcocele. 
ENTEROSARCOMIA, Enteropathia cance- 
rosa. 
ENTEROSCIIEOCE'LE, EnteroseJcoce'ie, from 
evrcpov, 'an intestine/ oaxeov, 'the scrotum/ and 
' tumour.' Scrotal hernia consisting of in- 
testine. 
ENTEROSCIRRHUS, Enteropathia cance- 
rosa. 
ENTERO'SES, from evrcpov, 'an intestine.' A 
class of diseases, comprehending all those that 
are seated in the intestines.-Alibert. 
ENTEROSPHIGMA, Enteroperistole. 
ENTEROSTENO'SIS, from evrcpov, 'intestine/ 
and arcvocaif, 'stricture.' Stricture or constriction 
of the intestines. See Ileus. 
Enterostenosis Volvulus, Ileus - e. Orga- ENTEROTOME 
nica, Enteropathia cancerosa - e. Scirrhosa, En- 
teropathia cancerosa. 
ENTEROTOME, Enterot'omus, from tvnpov, 
'intestine,' and rcpvw, 'I cut.' A name given by 
J. Cloquet to an instrument for promptly opening 
the intestinal canal through its whole extent. It 
consists of a pair of scissors, one blade of which 
is much longer than the other, and rounded at its 
extremity. This is passed into the intestine. 
ENTEROTOM'IA, Enterot'omy, same etymon. 
In anatomy, it signifies dissection of the intes- 
tines. In surgery, it means an operation, little 
used, which consists in opening the intestines, in 
order to evacuate the fajcal matters accumulated 
in it; for example, in certain cases of hernia, ac- 
companied with contraction of the intestinal 
canal; in operations for an artificial anus, per- 
formed on the new-born, where the rectum is 
imperforate or not existing, <fcc. 
ENTEROTOMY, Enterotomia. 
ENTEROTYPHUS, see Typhus. 
ENTEROZOA, Worms. 
ENTERYDROCE'LE, Enterokydrace'le, from 
evrcpov, 'intestine,' 'v<5wp, 'water,' and *07X17, 'rup- 
ture.' Intestinal hernia with hydrocele. 
ENTHELMINTHES, Worms. 
ENTHEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
ENTHLA'SIS, EspNa'sis, from tv, 'in,' and 
■SAaw, ' I break.' A fracture of the cranium, with 
comminution, in which the bone is depressed, or 
has lost its level. 
Enthlasts Cuanii, Effractura Cranii. 
ENTITE, Entity. 
EN'TITY. En'titas, (F.) Entity, from ens, entis, 
'a being.' The being or essence of anything. 
It has been used somewhat vaguely, in modern 
French medicine more especially, to signify ap- 
parently a general or essential disease, the nature 
and seat of which cannot be determined.- 
Nysten. 
ENTOCELE, Ectopia. 
E.ntoce'le Lextis. Dislocation of the crys- 
talline into the anterior chamber of the eye. 
ENTOGONYAN'CON, from euro?, 'within,' 
yovv, 'the knee,' and ayswv, 'a bend. Bending 
of the knees inwards. The state of being knock- 
kneed, or in-kneed. 
ENTOHYALOID MUSCzE, see Metamor- 
ph opsi a. 
ENTONIA, Tension, Tonic spasm. 
ENTONIC, Enton'icua, from tv, denoting ex- 
cess, and rovof, 'tone.' Having great tension or 
exaggerated action. 
ENTONNOIR, Calix, Infundibulum - e. du 
Ventricule Moyen du Cerveau, Infundibulum of 
the brain. 
ENTOPARASITES, Worms. 
ENTOPIITHAL'MIA, from tvros, 'within,'and 
o<l>9aXyia, 'inflammation of the eye.' Ophthalmia 
affecting the interior of the eye. 
EN'TOPHYTE, Entoph'yton, from tvros, 'with- 
in,' and Qvtov, 'a vegetable.' A vegetable pa- 
rasite. 
ENTOPHYT'IC, Entophyt'icus, same etymon. 
Of or belonging to an entophyte, - as 'an ento- 
phytic growth.' 
EE TORSE, Sprain. 
ENTOSTTIETHIDIA, Entrails. 
ENTOSTHTA, Entrails. 
ENTOSTOSIS, Enostosis. 
ENTOTORRTHEA, Otirrhoea. 
ENTOTOZJ?NA, Ozena. 
ENTOXICISMUS, Poisoning. 
ENTOXTSMUS, Poisoning. 
ENTOZOA. Worms. 
ENTOZOAIRES, Worms. 
331 
ENURESIS 
ENTOZOARIA, Worms. 
ENTOZOOGENESIS, Helminthiasis. 
ENTOZOON FOLLICULOR.UM, Acarus Fol. 
liculorum. 
ENTRAILLES, Entrails. 
EN'TRAILS, Splanchna, Encoe'lia, Viscera, 
Entosthid'ia, Entos'thia, Entosthethid'ia, Intern'- 
nea, from enteralia, a word of bad Latin, coming 
from cvrepov, 'intestine.' It is used for the vis- 
cera enclosed in the splanchnic cavities, and espe- 
cially for those in the abdomen; Bowels, Guts, 
(F.) Entrailles, Visceres. 
ENTRE-FESSON, Chafing. 
ENTRICHO'MA, from tv, 'in,' and 
'hair.' The tarsal cartilage, and the edge of the 
eyelids, in which the cilia are implanted. 
ENTROP'ION, Entrop'ium, from tv, 'in,' and 
rpcrw, ' I turn.' Inver'sio palpebrafrum, Capillit"- 
ium, Trichi'asis, Introsuscep'tio entropium, Ble- 
pharelo'sis, Blepharopto'sis entropium, Tri'chia, 
Tricho'sis. A name given to the inversion or 
turning inwards of the eyelids, so that the eye- 
lashes are directed towards the globe of the eye; 
irritate and inflame it, and give rise to the affec- 
tion called Trichi' asis. 
The contact of the hair with the surface of the 
eye occasions considerable irritation of the con- 
junctiva, which is soon followed by chemosis, 
ulceration of the eye, and other symptoms, such 
as fever, watchfulness, &c. 
If the disease be entropion, as above defined, 
that is, dependent upon the inversion of the eye- 
lids, it must be remedied, - either by dispersing 
the oedema or swelling of the eyelids, or by cut- 
ting out a portion of the skin. When the disease 
is dependent on a vicious direction of the cilia, 
they must be plucked out and the bulbs be cau- 
terized. 
ENTROPIUM, Entropion. 
ENTYPOSIS, see Glene. 
ENUCLEA'TION, Enuclea'tio, from enwcZcare, 
(e, and nucleus,) 'to take out a kernel.' This 
term has been proposed for the operation of re- 
moving tumours, <fcc., without cutting into them. 
-Percy. 
The word is used in Pharmacy, for the opera- 
tion of shelling or removing the kernels of any 
nut. 
ENULA CAMPANA, Inula Helenium. 
ENU'LON, from tr, 'in,' and ov\ov, 'the gum.' 
The inner part of the gums. The external part 
was called ovXor, and that between the teeth aouos. 
-Pollux. 1 
ENURE'SIS, from tvovptw, (cv, and ovpcu,) 'I 
void the urine in bed.' Pam'ria iucon'tinent, 
Incontinen'tia uri'nee, E-rcre'tio Urines involun- 
ta'ria, Mic'tio involunta'ria, E. inopportu'na 
Uracra'tia, Urorrhoe'a, Perirrhoe'a, Stranyu'ria, 
(Galen,) AnfscAu'ri'a, Hyperure'sis, Diam'nes, 
Involuntary discharge of urine, Incontinence of 
urine. This affection is most common in advanced 
life. It may depend on too great irritability of 
the bladder, or on distension, or injury of the 
fibres about its neck, paralysis of the organ, 
Cysto-paral'ysis, Cysto-ple'gia, the presence of 
an irregularly shaped calculus impacted in the 
urethra near its commencement; rupture of the 
bladder and urethra; renal disease; or on pres- 
sure exerted on the bladder by the distended 
womb or by a tumour. It often occurs after dif- 
ficult labour, but generally yields, in the course 
of a week or ten days; the catheter being intro- 
duced twice a day in the mean time. 
The treatment must of course vary according 
to the cause; and when the affection, on which it 
is dependent, cannot be removed, the discharge 
of urine may be prevented by exerting a degree ENVIE 
of compression on the urethra, by means of ap- 
propriate instruments; or a urinal may be em- 
ployed to receive the urine as it passes off. 
ENVIE, Hangnail, Malacia, Naevus - e. de 
Vomir, Nausea. 
ENYPNION, Somnium. 
ENYSTRON, Abomasus. 
ENZOOTIA, Enzooty. 
ENZOOTY, Enzobt'ia, (F.) Enzootie, from ev, 
' in,' and lp>ov, ' animal.' An endemic disease at- 
tacking animals. 
EP, EPH, EPI, cr, c<p, m, 'upon, above;' in 
composition, generally means, ' augmentation, 
addition, increase, reciprocal action, repetition.' 
Hence: 
EPACMAS'TICOS, from ciu, and 'I 
increase.' An epithet applied to fevers, Febres 
epacmas'ticce, whose symptoms go on augmenting 
in violence, from the commencement to the ter- 
mination. Such fevers are, also, called Epana- 
didon'tes. 
EPAGOGIUM, Phimosis, Prepuce. 
EPANADIPLOSIS, Anadiplosis. 
EPANALEPSIS, Anadiplosis. 
EPANASTASIS, Pustule. The formation of 
n tumour. The breaking out of an eruption - 
Erup'tio exanthe'matis. 
EPANASTEMA, Exanthem, Swelling. 
EPANCHEMENT, Effusion. 
EPANESIS, Remission. 
EP/VNETUS, Remittent-e. Hectica, Hectic 
fever - e. Malignus flavus, Fever, yellow - e. 
Nitis, Remittent fever. 
EPANORTHOSIS, Restauratio. 
EPANTHEMA, Exanthem. 
EPANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
EPAPHyE'RESIS, from £7ra0a<p£<o, 'I take 
away.' Repeti'ta subla'tio vel evacua'tio. A re- 
peated abstraction or evacuation. It was formerly 
used synonymously with repeated bloodletting; 
Phlebotom'ia itera'ia.-Galen. 
EPAPHRISMOS, Despumation. 
E PARMA, Tumour. 
EPARSIS, Tumour. 
EPAULE, Humerus. 
EPENCRANIS, Cerebellum. 
EPENDYMA, Membrane. 
Epen'dyma Ventriculo'rum, En'dyma seu 
Indumen'twn ventriculo'rum, from ert, 'upon,' and 
tvbvw, 'I enter;' hence, cirevivya, 'an upper gar- 
ment or cloak.' The lining membrane of the 
ventricles of the brain, formed by a prolongation 
of the pia mater, and probably also of the arach- 
noid. 
EPER ON, Hippocampus minor-6. des A' 
tires, Spur. 
EPER VIER, Accipiter. 
EPER VIE RE DES MURAILLES, Hiera- 
cium murorum. 
EPHEBzE'ON, from cirt, 'upon,' and 
' pubes.' The parts of generation : also, the re- 
gion of the pubes, as well as the hair upon the 
pubes. It meant likewise a part of the ancient 
gymnasium in which the rhetoricians, philoso- 
phers, Ac., disputed. 
EPHEBEUM, Mons veneris. 
EPHE'BIA, Ephebi'a, Pubertas. Same ety- 
mon. The age of puberty. 
EPHEBOSYNE, Puberty. 
EPHEBOTES, Puberty. 
XEPHE'BUS, Pubens, Puber, (F.) 
Ephebe. One who has attained the age of pu- 
berty. 
EPHEDRANA, Nates. 
EPHEL'CIS, from 'upon,* and 'cXkos, 'an 
ulcer. The crust or scab of an ulcer. 
332 
EPICANTHIS 
EPHE UDE SCORBUTIQUE, Chloasma. 
EPIIE'LIDES, from tire, 'upon,' nnd 'cXeoy, 
'the sun.' Epichro'sis, Mac'ula sola'ris, Map- 
ula*. fuscce, 31. lenticula'res, Ephe'lis lentic'ula, 
Vitilig"ine8, Phaci, Pannus lenticula'ris, Lentic'- 
nla, Lenti'go, Ephelis Lenti'go, Ephelis <1 sole, 
Nigre'do <r sole, Spilo'sis ephelis, xEsta'tes, Effila, 
Freckles, Sunburn, (F.) Taches de roussure, Hale. 
This term includes not only the yellow lentigines, 
which appear on persons of a fair skin, and the 
larger brown patches, which also arise from ex- 
posure to the direct rays of the sun, but also 
those large dusky patches which are very similar 
in appearance, but occur on other parts of the 
surface, that are constantly covered. See Chlo- 
asma. They do not extend farther than the skin. 
Many cosmetics have been recommended for 
their removal. Simple spirituous lotions or weak 
mineral acids, applied a few times in the day, are 
as effectual as any other means. 
EPHELIS, see Ephelides - e. Lentigo, Ephe- 
lides-e. d Sole, Ephelides. 
EPHELOTES, Leucoma. 
EPHEM'ERA, Dia'ria, from ore, 'during,' and 
'nytpa, 'a day.' That which continues a day. 
This epithet is given to diseases, and particularly 
to fevers, which last only a day.-Febris dia'ria, 
Ephemerop'yra, Febris simplex, F. Ephe'mera, 
Febric'ula, Ephem'eral Fever, Di'ary Fever, Sim- 
ple Fever. The term prolonged ephem'era is 
sometimes used for fevers, which cease after two 
or three days' duration. 
Ephemera Anglica Pestilens, Sudor angli- 
cus-e. Britannica, Sudor Anglicus-e. Maligna, 
Sudor Anglicus-e. Mortifera, Plague-e. Pesti- 
lentialis, Plague-e. Sudatoria, Sudor Anglicus. 
EPHEMEROPYRA, Ephemera. 
EPHEMERUS, Quotidian. 
EPHIALTES HYPOCHONDRIACA,Incubus 
vigilantiuin-e. Nocturnus, Incubus-e. Vigilan- 
tium. Incubus vigilantium. 
EPHIDRO'SES, (G.) Ephidrosen. A divi- 
sion of the family Ekzematosen of Fuchs, 
comprising morbid varieties of sweating. 
EPHIDRO'SIS, from tire, 'upon,' and 'Mpow, 
'I sweat.' Hidro'sis, Idro'sis. A copious sweat. 
Ephidrosis Profu'sa, K sponta'nea, E. idio- 
path'ica, Hydropede'sis, Exsuda'tio, Exuda'tio, 
Hyperephidro'sis, Hyperhydro'sis, Hydrorrhee'a, 
Hidropede'sis, (F.) Flux de Sueur. An excessive 
sweating, including debility and emaciation. A 
colliquative sweat. Such copious perspirations 
are generally owing to debility of the exhalants, 
and require the use of tonics, especially of the 
mineral acids, opium, &c. 
Ephidrosis, Desudatio - e. Cruenta, Sudor 
cruentus-e. Saccharata, Sudor dulcis. 
EPHIPPIUM, Pituitaria fossa, Sella Turcica. 
EPH'ODOS, from tire, 'upon,' and 'oiog, 'a 
way,' ' a road or avenue to a place.' Hippocrates 
uses this word in three senses : 1. For the vessels 
or canals, which give passage to the excrements 
of the body. 2. For a periodical attack or acces- 
sion of fever; and 3. For the approach of similar 
or dissimilar things which may be useful or hurt- 
ful to the body.-Castelli. 
EPI, Spica. 
EPI'ALOS, Hepialos. A name given by the 
ancients to fever, when the hot stage was mingled 
with irregular chills. Also, the cold sta°-e of 
fever. ° 
EPIALTES, Incubus. 
EPIAMA, Lenitive. 
EPIAN, Frambcesia. 
EPIBLEM A, Catablema. 
EPIBOLE, Incubus. 
EPICANTHIS, Canthus. EPICAUMA 
Epican'this, from tin, 'upon,' and tavOoc, 'the 
angle of the eye.' A defective formation, in which 
a fold of skin passes from the root of the nose 
over the inner canthus of the eye. 
EPICAR'PIUM, Pericar'plum, from ciri, 'up- 
on,' and KapTros, ' the wrist.' An application made 
to the wrists or to the region of the pulse was so 
called. 
EPICAUMA, Encauma. 
EPICAUSIS, Encauma. 
EPICERASTICA, Emollients. 
EPICHOLOS, Bilious. 
EPICHORDIS, Mesentery. 
EPICHORION, Decidua. 
EPICHORIUM, Epidermis. 
EPICHRISIS, Inunctio. 
EPICHRO'SIS, Spilo'sis, from trt, and xpwpa, 
' colour.' Simple discoloration of the surface.- 
Good. Ephelides. 
Epichrosis Spilt, see Naevus. 
EPICHYSIS, Affusion. 
EPICCE'MASIS, from eiriicoipaopai, (ent, and 
Koipaopai,) 'to lie down to rest,' 'to sleep.' De- 
cu'bitus ad dormien'dum et Dormit''io. The po- 
sition of sleeping, as well as sleeping itself. 
EPICOL'IC, from eirt, 'upon,' and kwXov, 'the 
colon.' The epicolic regions, regio'nes cpicol'ica, 
are those parts of the abdomen which correspond 
to the colon. 
EPICOLLESIS, Agglutination. 
EPICON'Dl LE, Epicon'dylus, from m, 'upon,' 
and Kov&uXoi, 'a condyle.' A name given, by 
Chaussier, to an eminence at the outer part of the 
inferior extremity of the os humeri; so called, 
because it is seated above the condyle. The epi- 
condyle gives attachment to the outer lateral 
ligament of the elbow joint, and to a very strong 
tendon to which several of the muscles of the 
posterior part of the forearm are attached. 
EPICONDYLO-CUBITALIS, see Anconeus- 
e. Radial, Supinator radii brevis - e. Sus-meta- 
carpien, see Radialis-e. Sus-phalangettien com- 
nittn, Extensor digitorum communis-e. Sus-pha- 
langettiendupetit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi 
digiti. 
EPICOPHO'SIS, from tire, 'upon,'and 
'deafness.' Deafness supervening on another 
disease. 
EPICRA'NIUM, from m, 'upon,' and Kpaviov, 
'the cranium.' A name given to different parts 
seated on the cranium. The skin, aponeurosis 
between the occipital and frontal muscles, and 
the whole of the scalp, have been so called. Portal 
includes under this name the occipito-frontalis 
muscle, pyramidalis nasi, and superior and ante- 
rior auricular muscles. The pericranium. 
EPICRAMUS, Occipito-frontalis. 
EPICRA'SIS, Contempera'tio, from SKlKCpaVVV- 
pi, (tin, and Kcpavrvpi, 'I mix,') 'I temper.' A 
term used by the humourists for an amelioration 
of the humours. They called Cure by Epicrasis, 
-per epicrasin, a mode of treatment by imagined 
alteratives, which they supposed to be possessed 
of the power of gradually correcting the vitiated 
humours. 
EPICROUSIS, Percussion. 
EPICTENIUM, Pubes. 
EPICTETI MORBI, Acquired diseases. 
EPICYEMA, see Superfoetation. 
EPICYESIS, Superfoetation. 
EPICYLIUM, see Palpebra. 
EPICYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
EPIDEISIS, Deligation. 
EPIDEM'IC, Epide'mius, Epidem'icus, ( F. ) 
Epidemigue. Same etymon as Epidemy. Ap- 
pertaining to an epidemy. An epidemy. 
Epidemic Constitution, Epidemy-e. Disease 
Epidemy-e. Influence, see Epidemy. 
333 
EPIDIDYMIS 
EPTDEMICITE, see Epidemy. 
EPIDEMICUS, Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIOLOG"IA, from ith, 'upon,' irjpot, 
' the people,' and Aoyos, ' a description.' The 
doctrine of epidemics. 
EP1DEMIQUE, Epidemy. 
EPIDEMIUS, Epidemy. 
EP'IDEMY, Epidem'ic, Epide'mia, Morbus 
pub'liens, M. popula'ris, E. epidem'icus seu epi- 
de'mius, (F.) Epidemic ; Epidem'ic disease, Epi- 
dem'ic influence, Epidem'ic constitution ; from iri, 
' upon,' and Snpios, ' the people.' A disease which 
attacks at the same time a number of individuals, 
and which is depending upon some particular 
constitutio aeris, or condition of the atmosphere, 
with which we are utterly ignorant. It differs 
from endemic, the latter being,owing to locality; 
but it is obvious, that should a particular epide- 
mic constitution of the air-epidemic" ity, (F.) epi- 
demicite-exist along with a favouring endemic 
condition, these combined influences may act in 
the causation of several of those serious and fatal 
complaints, which at times visit a district, and 
are never afterwards met with, or at least not 
until after the lapse of a considerable period. 
EPIDENDRUM VANILLA, see Vanilla. 
EPID'ERIS, Epider'rhis, Hypod'eris, Hypo- 
der'mis, Hypoder'rhis, from eTI, ' upon,' and itpay, 
'the skin.' This word, with some, means the 
nymphae; with others, the clitoris; with others, 
again, the prepuce of the clitoris. 
EPIDERMA, Epidermis. 
EPIDERMATIS, Epidermis. 
EPIDER'MIC, Epiderm'icus, Epiderm'al, Epi- 
derma'Us ; same etymon as epidermis. Belonging 
to the epidermis,-as 
EPIDERMIC CELLS, see Cell, epidermic. 
EPIDERMID01S'OSI, Epidermidonu'si, from 
eirifeppis, ' epidermis,' and voaos, 'disease.' Dis- 
eases of the epidermis. 
EPIDERMION, Epidermis. 
EP IDER'MIS, Epider'mion, Epide.r'matis, 
Epider'ma, Epicho'riuni, Sum'mitas cutis, Cutie'- 
ula, C. ex'tima, C. extre'ma, Cutis extima, C. 
summa, C. ul'tima, Pellis summa, Pellic'ula sum- 
ma, P. supe'rior, Lam'ina prima cutis, Oper'cv- 
lum cutis, from ciri, 'upon,' and leppa, 'the truo 
skin.' Scarf-skin, cuticle. (F.) Surpeau, Cuticulc. 
A transparent, dry, thin membrane, devoid of 
nerves and vessels, which covers all the surface 
of the body, except the parts that correspond to 
the nails. It appears to consist of minute scales, 
placed one above the other. Chaussier considers 
it to be formed and reproduced by an excretory 
action of the true skin ; to act like a dry varnish, 
which prevents the immediate contact of bodies 
with the nervous papillae, and consequently to 
deaden tactile impressions, which, without its in- 
tervention, might be pah.ful. The Epider'mie, 
Epider'meous, or Epider'moid (as Bichat called 
it) System, in general anatomy, comprises three 
parts. 1. External Epidermis. 2. Epidermis 
spread over the mucous membranes. 3. The 
Nails and Hair. 
Epidermis Lingtee, see Tongue. 
EPIDERRHIS, Epideris. ° 
EPIDERRHITIS, Nymphitis. 
EPIDESIS, see Bandage-e. Haemostasia, Li- 
gature. 
EPIDESMIS, Epidesmus. 
EPIDESMUM, Epidesmus. 
EPIDES'MUS, Epides'mis, Epides'mum,Super- 
liga'men, from m, ' upon,' and lew, 'I bind.' A 
Fascia, bandage or ligature, by which dressings 
are secured.-Hippocrates. 
EPIDID'YMIS, from tin, 'upon,' and hovpof, 
a testicle. Epidid'ymus, Hid'ymis, Paras'tata, EPIDIDYMITIS 
Testic'ulus acceso'rius, Caput testis, Corpus rari- 
co'sum scu varicifor'me testis, Supergemina'lis, 
(F.) Corpus variqueux ou varici/orme. That which 
is placed upon the testicle. A small, oblong, ver- 
miform, grayish body, lying along the superior 
margin of the testicle. The Epididymis is a 
canal, formed by the union of all the seminiferous 
vessels folded several times upon themselves, 
after having traversed the Corpus Highmoria'- 
num. Its lower portion or tail, Cauda vel globus 
minor, is curved upwards, and is continuous with 
the vas deferens; the opposite extremity is called 
the head, globus major. The length of this canal, 
folded as it is upon itself and describing numerous 
curvatures, is, according to Munro, 32 feet. 
EPIDIDYMITIS, Parastatitis - e. Blennor- 
rhagic, Hernia humoralis. 
EPID'OSIS, from m, 'upon,' and cWo/h, 'to 
give.' Augmentation, increase. A word applied 
to the natural increase of the body, or to the in- 
crease of a disease. 
E PID'ROME, Epidrom'ia, Epiph'ora, from 
rn-idpcpoi, (t-i, and tjptpu,) ' I run upon? An afflux 
or congestion of humours.-Galen. 
EPIDROMIA, Epidrome. 
EPIFAGUS AMERICANUS, Orobanche Vir- 
giniana-e. Virginianus, Orobanche Virginiana. 
EPIGJE'A REPENS, TVaiZiny Ar'butus,Ground 
Laurel, Mayflower. A small, trailing plant, of 
the Family Ericaceae, which grows in sandy 
woods, or in rocky soil, especially in the shade 
of pines. Its flowers appear early in spring, and 
exhale a rich, spicy fragrance. The leaves and 
stems are prepared and used like uva ursi. 
EPIGASTRAL'GIA, from triyaarpiov, 'the 
epigastrium,' and aAyoj, 'pain? Pain at the 
epigastrium. 
EPIGAS'TRIC, Epigas'tricus, Epigas'trius, 
from ' upon,' and yaarrjp, ' the stomach? This 
name has been given to several parts. 
Epigastric Ar'tery, Arte'ria epigas'trica, A. 
sus-pubienne, (Ch.) It arises from the external 
iliac, on a level with the crural arch; sometimes 
by a trunk proper to it, at others by one com- 
mon to it and the Obturator artery. It ascends 
upwards and inwards, behind the spermatic cord, 
follows the outer edge of the rectus abdominis 
muscle, and anastomoses, towards the umbilicns, 
with the internal mammary. The epigastric ar- 
tery anastomoses, also, with the obturator, sper- 
matic, lumbar, and intercostal vessels. 
Epigastric Region, Regio epigas'trica, R.car- 
di'aca, R. stomach' ica, R. stomacha'lis, is the su- 
perior region of the abdomen, comprised between 
the false ribs on each side, and extending from 
the lower surface of the diaphragm to two fingers' 
breadth above the umbilicus. It is divided into 
three parts, one middle, the epigas'trium, - and 
two lateral, the hypoqjion'dria. 
Epigastric Vein follows nearly the same course 
as the artery. 
EPIGASTRICUS, Epigastric. 
EPIGAS'TRIUM. Same etymon. The belly; 
the epigastric region. 
EP1GASTRIUS, Epigastric. 
EPIGASTROCE'LE, from £tt(, 'upon,' yairrrip, 
'the stomach,' and KqXri, 'a tumour? Hernia, 
formed by the stomach ; Gas' trace' le. This name 
has been given more especially to hernia, which 
occurs towards the upper part of the linea alba 
or in the epigastric region, whether formed or 
not by the stomach. 
EPIGENEMA, Epigenesis. 
EPIGEN'ESIS, from tin, 'upon,' and ycvccis, 
* generation? A theory of conception, according 
to which the new being is created entirely anew; 
and receives at once from each parent the ma- 
334 
EPILEPSY 
terials necessary for its formation. Also, a new 
formation. 
Epigenesis, as well as Epigene'ma, or Epigen- 
ne'ma, is, also, applied to any symptom occurring 
during a disease, without ehanging its nature. 
An accessory symptom. Epiginom'enos, Super- 
ve'niens, has a similar acceptation. 
EPIGINOMENOS, see Epigenesis. 
EPIGLOT'TIC, Epiglot'ticus: same etymon. 
Relating to the epiglottis. 
Epiglottic Gland, Periglot'tie, Caro glandu- 
lo'sa. A collection of small, glandular granula, 
situate in the adipose, areolar texture at the 
base of the anterior surface of the epiglottis, in a 
triangular space, bounded anteriorly by the thy- 
ro-hyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage. It 
pours out an unctuous and mucous fluid, which 
lubricates the epiglottis, keeps it supple and 
movable, and prevents the larynx from being 
irritated by the constant passage of the air, in 
the act of respiration. 
EPIGLOT'TIS, from eiri, 'upon,' and yXwrnj, 
' the glottis.' Epiglot'tic cartilage, Lig' ula,Oper' - 
culurn laryn'gis, Lingua Ex'igua, Lin'gul a Jis'tu- 
la, Sublin'guum, Superlig'ula. A fibro-eartilage, 
situate at the upper part of the larynx, behind 
the base of the tongue. Its form is oval; texture 
elastic; thickness greater below than above, and 
greater in the middle than at the sides. By its 
smaller extremity, which is the lower, it is at- 
tached to the thyroid cartilage; its two surfaces 
are covered by the mucous membrane of the 
pharynx and larynx. The special use of the 
epiglottis would seem to be to cover the glottis 
accurately at the moment of deglutition, and, 
thus, to assist in opposing the passage of alimen- 
tary substances into the air tubes. 
EPIGLOTTI'TIS, Inflgmma'tio Epiglot'tidis, 
(F.) Inflammation de VEpiglotte, Angi'nu epi- 
glottide'a. Inflammation of the epiglottis. 
EPIGLOT'TUM. An instrument, mentioned 
by Paracelsus, for raising the eyelids. It resem- 
bled the epiglottis in shape. 
EPIGLOU'TIS, from and yXovroj, 
'the buttocks.' The superiof region of the nates. 
-Gorraeus. 
EPIGONATIS, Patella. 
E PIG'ONE, Gone, Hypoph'ysis, Progen'ies, 
Proles, Sob'oles, Sub'oles, from etti, 'upon,' and 
yovn, 'sperm.' Offspring. Progeny. Also, Su- 
perfoe tation. 
EPIGONION, Foetus. 
EPIGONIS, Patella. 
EPIGONON, Superfoetation. 
EPIGOUNIS, Patella. 
EPIGUNIS, Patella. 
EPILATORIUM, Depilatory. 
EPILEMPSIS, Epilepsy. 
EPILENTIA, Epilepsy. 
EPILEPSIA, Epilepsy-e. Acuta Infantum, 
Eclampsia - e. Algetica, see Algos - e. Febrilis 
infantum, Eclampsia-e. Nocturna, Incubus - e. 
Puerilis, Eclampsia infantum-e. Saltatoria, Cho- 
rea- e. Uterina, Lorind matricis. 
EPILEPSIE, Epilepsy - e. Ut/rine, Hysteria 
-e. Vertige, see Epilepsia. 
EP'ILEPSY, 'icpn vovaos, vovaof, Epi- 
lep'sia, Epilep'sis, Epilemp'sis, Epilen'tia, Sys- 
pa'sia Epilepsia, Catalen'tia, Deciden'tia, Pas'sio 
cadi'va, Morbus comit"ialis, M. cadu'cus, M. 
Hercu'leus, Heracle'us morbus, M. sacer, M. as- 
tro'Us, M. sidera'tus, M. damoni'acus, M. Sancti 
Johan'nis, M. foedus, Hieran'osus, M. pueri'lis, 
Deprehen'sio, Clonos epilep'sia, Hieran'osos, Pre- 
hen'sio, Perdit"io, Epilep'tica pas'sio, Morbus 
magnus, M. Major, M. Interlu'nius, M. divi'nus, 
M. damo'nius, M. son'ticus, M. seleni'acus, M. EPILEPTIC 
lunat'icus, M. mensa'lis, M. deif'icus, M. ecelen'- 
tus. J/. vitriola'tus, M. viridel'lus, M. Sancti Va- 
leuti'ni, Malum cadu'cum, Analep'sia, Catapto'sis, 
Insa'nia cadi'va, Apoplex'ia parva, Cadu'ca pas'- 
sio, Lues divi'na, Vit"ium cadu'cum seu divi'num 
Beu Hereu'leum, Falling sickness, (F.) Mai caduc, 
Mai divin, Mai Saint-Jean, Mai de Terre, Haut- 
mal. The word is derived from cniXapflavu, ' I 
seize upon.' It is a disease of the brain, which 
may either be idiopathic or symptomatic, sponta- 
neous or accidental, and which occurs in parox- 
ysms, with uncertain intervals between. These 
paroxysms are characterized by loss of sensation 
and convulsive motions of the muscles. Fre- 
quently, the fit attacks suddenly; at other times, 
it is preceded by indisposition, vertigo, and stu- 
por. At times, before the loss of consciousness 
occurs, a sensation of a cold vapour is felt, hence 
called aura epilep'tica. This appears to rise in 
some part of the body, proceeds towards the 
head; and as soon as it has reached the brain 
the patient falls down. The ordinary duration 
of a fit is from 5 to 20 minutes. Sometimes it 
goes off in a few seconds; at others, it is pro- 
tracted for hours. In all cases, there is a loss 
of sensation, sudden falling down, distortion of 
the eyes and face; countenance of a red, purple 
or violet colour; grinding of the teeth ; foaming 
at the mouth; convulsions of the limbs; difficult 
respiration, generally stertorous; with, some- 
times, involuntary discharge of faeces and urine. 
After the fit, the patient retains not the least re- 
collection of what has passed, but remains, for 
some time, affected with head-ach, stupor, and 
lassitude. 
The disease is in the brain, and is generally 
organic; but it may be functional and sympto- 
matic of irritation in other parts, as in the sto- 
mach, bowels, Ac. The prognosis, as to ultimate 
recovery, is unfavourable. It does not, however, 
frequently destroy life, but is apt to lead to men- 
tal imbecility. Dissection has not thrown light 
on its pathology. 
To the attacks of epilepsy which are unaccom- 
panied by convulsions, as is sometimes the case, 
the French give the name Petit-mal, and Epi- 
lepsie Vertige. When furious mania succeeds to 
a paroxysm, it is termed Mania epileptica and 
Epileptic Delirium. 
In the treatment, the cause must be sought 
after, and if possible removed. In the paroxysm, 
but little can be done; but as the tongue is liable 
to be injured by the teeth, the jaws may be kept 
open by putting a cork or piece of wood between 
them. If the fit has been brought on by indi- 
gestible food, the stomach must be cleared. It 
is between the paroxysms that the great effort 
must be made. Generally, there is considerable 
irritability and debility of the nervous system, 
and hence tonics have been found the best reme- 
dies. Of these, perhaps the most powerful, in 
epilepsy, is the argenti nitras, given regularly 
and continued for months, if necessary. Prepa- 
rations of iron, copper, and zinc, have also been 
used, and vegetable tonics and antispasmodics in 
general. Counter irritants, as blisters, moxa, 
Ac., may be employed, if necessary, along with 
this course. 
Unfortunately, in many cases, these means are 
found insufficient, and all that can be done is to 
palliate, removing carefully the exciting causes ; 
such as the use of spirituous liquors, strong emo- 
tions, violent exercise, Ac.; and regulating the 
diet. 
EPILEP'TIC, Epilep'ticus, Epilep'tus, Lunat'- 
icus, Cadu'cans; same etymon. One attacked 
with epilepsy. Any thing relating to epilepsy; 
us an epilep'tic individual; an epilep'tic symp- 
335 
EPIPHORA 
tom. Some authors also speak of epileptic reme- 
dies. 
EPILEP'TOID, Epileptoi'des ; same etymon. 
Resembling epilepsy-as ' epileptoid symptoms.' 
EPILO'BIUM AUGUSTIFO'LIUM, Great. 
Willow herb. An indigenous plant, Order, Ona- 
gracese, which flowers in July. The root is emol- 
lient and slightly astringent. 
Epilobium Colora'tum, Purple-veined Willow 
herb, has similar properties. 
Epilobium Villo'sum, a South African plant, 
is used at the Cape of Good Hope as a domestic 
remedy for cleansing foul ulcers. 
EPIM'ANES. A name given to a maniac 
when in a paroxysm. 
EPIMELE'TAI, from fTripcXtopai, (tirt, and 
pcAw,) 'I take care of.' A name by which the 
ancient Persians called the curers of wounds, who 
followed their armies. 
EPIMOR'IOS, 'unequal;' from em, and yupu>, 
'I divide.' An epithet applied to the pulse when 
unequal.-Galen. 
EPINAUD, Spinacia - e. Sauvage, Chenopo- 
dium bonus Henricus. 
EPINE, Spine-e. du Dos, Vertebral column 
-6. Gutturale, Nasal spine, inferior and posterior 
- i. Sphenoidale, Sphenoidal spine - t. Vinette, 
Oxycantha Galeni. 
EPINEMESIS, Dispensation. 
EPINEPH'ELOS, Nubilo'sus. Presenting a 
cloud. Applied to the urine.-Hippocrates. 
EPINEUX, Spinous - I. du Dos, grand, Spi- 
nalis dorsi major: see Interspinales dorsi et lum- 
boruin-I. du Dos, petit, see Interspinales dorsi 
et lumborum. 
EPINGLE, Pin. 
EPINIERE, Spinal. 
EPINOTION, Scapula. 
EPINYC'TIDES, from m, 'upon,' and wf, 
'the night.' Eruptions which appear on the skin 
in the night, and disappear in the day. Pus'tula 
livens et noc'tibus inquie'tans.-Pliny. 
EPINYCTIS PRURIGINOSA, Urticaria. 
EPIONE, Decidua. 
EPIPAROXYS'MUS. A paroxysm super- 
added to an ordinary paroxysm. 
EPIPASTUM, Catapasmum. 
EPIPE'CHU, eni-irirxy, from errt, 'upon,' and 
' the elbow.' The upper part of the elbow. 
-Gorraeus. 
EPIPEPHYCOS, Conjunctiva. 
EPIPHjENOM'ENON, Post appa'rens ; same 
etymon. Any kind of adventitious symptom 
which occurs during the progress of an affection : 
and which is not as intimately connected with 
the existence of the disease as the symptoms 
properly so called. 
EPIPHA'NIA, from m, 'upon,' and tyaivu, 'I 
exhibit.' The external appearance of the body. 
-Castelli. 
EPIPII'LEBUS, from m, 'upon,' and 
'a vein.' An epithet given to those whose veins 
are very apparent,-Hippoe., Aretaeus. 
EPIPIILEGIA, Inflammation. 
EPIPHLOGISMA, Erysipelatous inflamma- 
tion. 
EPIPHLOGOSIS, Hyperphlogosis. 
EPIPH'ORA, Dacryno'ma, Lachryma'tio, De- 
lachryma'tio, Illachryma'tio, Stillicid turn lachry- 
ma'rum, Oc'ulus lach'rymans ; from (tin, 
and 'I carry to.' Weeping. (F.) Larmoie- 
ment. The watery eye; - an involuntary and 
constant flow of tears upon the cheek. It is al- 
most always symptomatic of some disease of the 
lachrymal passages, and occurs when the tears 
cannot pass into the ductus ad nasum. Occa- EPIPHYMATA 
sionally, it is owing to the tears being secreted 
in too great quantity; as in certain cases of oph- 
thalmia. The treatment must of course be di- 
rected to the removal of the cause. 
Epiphora, Epidrome, Ophthalmia - e. Alvi, 
Diarrhoea - e. Ptyalismus, Salivation. 
EPIPHYMATA, Cutaneous diseases. 
EPIPH'YSIS, Additamen'turn, from cm, 'upon,' 
and 0vo>, ' I arise.' Any portion of a bone, sepa- 
rated from the body of the bone by a cartilage, 
which becomes converted into bone by age. The 
epiphysis of the foetus becomes the apophysis of 
the adult. 
Epiphysis Cruris Longioris Incudis, Os or- 
biculare. 
EP'IPHYTE, Epiph'yton, from tirt, 'upon,' 
and <pvrov, • a plant.' A parasite derived from 
the vegetable kingdom. Epiphytes are divided 
by Vogel into 1. Vegetations in the human fluids, 
as the tor'ula eerevis'ia in vomited fluids and 
ftecal evacuations, and the sar'eina ventric'idi, 
2. Vegetations on the external skin and its ap- 
pendages, as in tinea favosa, mentagra, herpes 
tonsurans and plica polonica, and, 3. Vegetations 
on the mucous membrane,-for example, in the 
aphthae of children ; in the cicatrices of the mu- 
cous membrane after typhus, <fcc. 
EPIPLASMA, Cataplasm. Galen uses it es- 
pecially for an application of wheaten flour, 
boiled in hydrelaum, and applied to wounds. 
EPIPLE'GIA, from cm, 'above,' and irArjyr?, 
'a stroke. Paralysis of the upper extremities. 
EPIPLERO'SIS, from m, 'augmentative,' 
and zAi/pwo-i;, 'repletion.' Excessive repletion; 
distention. 
EPIP'LOCE, from tire, 'upon,' and irXtxai, 'I 
twine.' Coition. Entanglement. 
Epip'loce Intestina'lis, Conglnmera'tio in- 
testine' rum. Conglomeration of the intestines. 
EPIPLOCE'LE, from tmthoov, 'omentum,'and 
KrjXri, ' tumour.' Epip'loic her'nia, Zirba'lis her- 
nia, Hernia omenta' lis, Omental hernia, (E) Her- 
oic de I'epiploon. Omental hernia is recognised 
-but at times with difficulty-by a soft, unequal, 
pasty tumour, in which no gurgling sound is 
heard on pressing or reducing it. It is less dan- 
gerous than hernia of the intestines. 
EPIPLO-ENTEROCE'LE, from m.Xow, 'the 
omentum,' evrepov, ' intestine,' and ktiXv, ' tumour.' 
Hernia, formed by the epiploon and a portion of 
intestine. It is more commonly called En'tero- 
epiploce'le. 
EPIPLOENTEROOSCHEOCE'LE, Epiplo- 
enterosehoce'le, from ciriirhoov, ' omentum,' evrepov, 
' intestine,' ' scrotum,' and Knhri> ' rupture.' 
Hernia with omentum and intestine in the scro- 
tum. 
EPIP'LOIC, Epiplo'icus. Relating to the 
epiploon. 
Epiploic Appen'dages; Appendic'ula epi- 
plo'ica, A. pmguedino'sa, Fim'bria carno'sa 
eoli, Supplemen'ta epiplo'ica. Prolongations of 
the peritoneum beyond 'the surface of the large 
intestine, which are analogous in texture and 
arrangement to the epiploon. 
Epiploic Ar'teries; Arte'ria Epiplo'ica. 
The arterial branches, which are distributed to 
the epiploon, and which are given off by the gas- 
tro-epiploicae. 
EPIPLO-ISCHIOCE'LE, from EiriirXoov, 'the 
epiploon,' 'the ischium,' and <07X17, 'a tu- 
mour.' Hernia formed by the epiploon through 
the ischiatic notch. 
EPIPLOI'TIS, from cmn-Xoov, 'the omentum,' 
and t'tis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
•>f the omentum; Omenti'tis, Empresma perito- 
EPIPLOSCIIEOCELE 
nitis omenta'lis, Omenti inflamma'tio, Enteri'tis 
epiploi'tis, Omente'gig. A form of partial perito- 
nitis. 
EPIPLOMEROCE'LE, from errirXoov, 'the 
omentum/ pnpus, 'the thigh/ and ki/Xt), 'a tu- 
mour.' Femoral hernia, formed by the epiploon. 
EPIPLOMPIIALOCELE, Epiplomphalon. 
EPIPLOM'PIIALON, Epiplobm'phalon, Epi- 
plomphaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lis, from ctwtXoov, 
'the omentum/ and op<l>aXof, 'the navel/ Umbi- 
lical hernia, formed by the epiploon. 
EPIPLOM'PIIRASIS, from eimrXoov, 'the epi- 
ploon/ and cpippaaaw, ' I obstruct.' Induration 
of the epiploon. 
EPIPLOOCOMIS'TES, from timtXoov, 'the epi- 
ploon/ and Kopifa, 'I carry.' One who has the 
omentum morbidly large. Also, one labouring 
under epiplocele. 
EPIP'LOON, Epiploum, from cri, 'above/ and 
irXeia, ' I swim or float.' Omen'tum, Rete, Retic'- 
ulum; Dertron; Zirbus, Gan'yame, Ganyamum, 
Operimen'tum intestino'rum, Sacciis cpiplo'icus, 
Saye'na. The Caul. A prolongation of the pe- 
ritoneum, which floats above a portion of the in- 
testines, and is formed of two membranous layers, 
with vessels and fatty bands distributed through 
it. Anatomists have described several epiploons. 
The uses of the omentum are but little known. 
The chief one seems to be, to retain the viscera 
in situ, and to give passage to vessels. 
Epiploon, Colic, Colic Omentum, 0. co'licum, 
Third Epiploon or Omentum, is a duplicature of 
the peritoneum, situate along the ascending por- 
tion of the colon, as far as its junction with the 
transverse portion. It is behind the great epi- 
ploon, and fills up the angle formed by the junc- 
tion of the ascending with the transverse colon. 
Its two laminae are separated by colic arteries 
and veins. 
Epiploon, Gastro-Colic, Great Omentum, 
Omentum yastro-co'licum, Omentum majus, Peri- 
tonce'um duplica'tum, Rete majus, Zirbus adipi'- 
mis, consists of an extensive duplicature, which 
is free and floating on the folds of the intestines. 
It is quadrilateral, and longer on the left side 
than on the right:-its base being fixed, ante- 
riorly, to the great curvature of the stomach; 
and, posteriorly, to the arch of the colon. It is 
formed of two laminae, each consisting of two 
others. In this epiploon a number of vessels is 
distributed, and there is much fat. 
Epiploon, Gastro-Hepatic, Lesser Omentum, 
Omentum hep'ato-yas'tricum, Omentum minus, 
Membra'na macilen'tior, is a duplicature of the 
peritoneum, which extends transversely from the 
right side of the cardia to the corresponding ex- 
tremity of the fissure of the liver, and down- 
wards from this fissure to the lesser curvature of 
the stomach, the pylorus and duodenum. Be- 
low it is the foramen or hiatus of Winslow ; and 
between its laminae are lodged the biliary and 
hepatic vessels. It contains but little fat. If 
air be blown in at the foramen of Winslow, the 
cavity of the omentum will be rendered percep- 
tible. 
Epiploon, Gastro-Splenic, Gastro- Splenic 
Omentum, 0. Gastro-sple'nieum. A reflection of 
the peritoneum, which passes between the con- 
cave surface of the spleen and the stomach, from 
the cardiac orifice to near its great curvature, and 
which lodges the vasa brevia and splenic vessels 
between its laminae. 
EPIPLOSARCOM'PIIALUS, from tmXoov, 
'the epiploon/ aap%, 'flesh/ and optyaXos, 'the 
navel.' Umbilical hernia, formed of indurated 
omentum. 
EPIPLOSCIIEOCE'LE, Epiploschoce'le, from 
336 EPIPLOUM 
wrXoov, 'the epiploon,' 'the scrotum,' 
and Kri\ri, 'tumour.' Scrotal hernia, formed by a 
displacement of the epiploon. 
EPIPLOUM, Epiploon. 
EPIPNOIA, Afflatus. 
EPIPORO'MA, from tTrnrupow, (ert, and n-wpow,) 
'I harden.' A tophaceous concretion which forms 
in the joints. JThe callus of fracture. 
EPIR'RHOE, Epirrhce'a, from m, 'upon,' and 
pfw, ' I flow.' Afflux or congestion of humours. 
-Hippocrates. 
EPIRRHCEA, Epirrhoe. 
EPISARCIDIUM, Anasarca. 
EPIS'CHESIS, Retention; from 'I 
restrain.' A suppression of excretions. 
EPISCHET'ICUS; same etymon. Sistens, 
Ilep'rimens, Co'hibens. 'Restraining.' An agent 
that diminishes-secretion, for example. 
EPISCHION, Abdomen, Pubes, Pubis os. 
EPISCOPALES VALVULJE, Mitral valves. 
EPISEION, Pubis (os), Vulva, Labium Pu- 
dendi, Tressoria. 
EPISEMA'SIA, from CTntn/paivw, (w<, and arjpa, 
' a sign,) ' I afford some sign.' Sema'sia. It has 
been used synonymously with sign, and also with 
the invasion of an attack of fever. See Annotatio. 
EPISIOCELE, see Hernia, vulvar. 
EPISHEDE'MA, from tiaaciov, 'the labia pu- 
dendi,' and oibriga, ' oedema.' (Edema of the labia 
pudendi. 
EPISION, Episeion. 
EPISION'CUS, Episiopby'ma, from triatiov, 
(modern,) 'the labium pudendi,' and oyxos, 'a 
tumour.' Tumor labio'rum. A swelling or tu- 
mour of the labia pudendi. 
EPISIOPHYMA, Episioncus. 
EPISIORRIIAG"IA, from ornrMov, 'the labia 
pudendi,' and payrj, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
the labia pudendi. 
EPISIOR'RIIAPHY, Episiorrhaph'ia, from 
triauov, (modern,) 'the labium pudendi,' 'the 
vulva,' and pa<pn, 'suture.' An operation prac- 
tised in cases of prolapsus uteri, which consists 
in paring the opposing surfaces of the labia pu- 
dendi, bringing them together and uniting them 
by suture, so as to diminish the outlet of the vulva. 
EPISOI'TIS, from eirnrriov, 'the labia pudendi,' 
and t7i«, denoting ' inflammation.' Inflammation 
of the labia pudendi. 
EPISPA'DIA; Hyperspa'dia; same etymon 
as the next. The condition of an Epispadias. 
EPISPA'DIAS, Epispadia'us, Anaspa'dias, 
Anaspadia'us, Hyperspa'dias, Hyperspadia'us, 
from eiri, ' above,' and <miu, ' I draw.' The op- 
posite to Hypospadias. One who has a preter- 
natural opening of the urethra at the upper part 
of the penis. 
EPISPAS'TICS, Epispas'tica, Ves'icants, 
Helc'tiea, (F.) Epispastiques; same etymon. An 
epithet for every medicinal substance which, 
when applied to the skin, excites pain, heat, and 
more or less redness, followed by separation of 
the epidermis, which is raised up by effused serum. 
Cantharides and mustard are epispastics. See 
Blister and Derivative. 
EPISPASTICUM, Blister. 
EPISPASTIQUES, Epispastics. 
EPISPASTUM, Catapasma. 
EPISPHJE'RIA, from m, 'upon,' and atyaipa, 
' a sphere.' Some physiologists have applied this 
term to the different convolutions and sinuosities 
presented by the external surface of the brain. 
EPISPHAGISMOS, Signature. 
EPISTACTIS'CHESIS, from tiri<rral;n, 'epis- 
taxis,' and ' to restrain.' Arrest of bleed- 
ing from the nose. 
337 
EPISYNTHIJTIC 
EPISTAPHYLLNT, see Azygos Muscle. 
EPIS'TASIS, Insiden'tia, from m, 'upon/ 
and arau), ' I rest.' A substance which swims at 
the surface of urine. It is opposed to the hypos- 
tasis or sediment. Epistasis has also been em- 
ployed synonymously with suppression. 
EPISTAX'IS, from tn, 'upon/ and <rralp>, 'I 
flow drop by drop.' H<Binorrhag"ia activa na'- 
rium, H. narin'ea, H. na'rium, Epistax'is junio'- 
rum, Epistax'is arterio'sa, Hcemorrhin'ia, Hcb- 
morhinorrhag"ia, Hamatis'mus, Choanorrhag"ia, 
Rhinorrhag" ia, Stillicid'ium seu Stilla'tio Sang'- 
uinis e nar'ibus, Hemorrhage from the pituitary 
membrane, Bleeding at the nose, Nosebleed, (F.) 
Hemorrhagie nasale, Saignement du nez, Hemor- 
rhinie. This is one of the most common varie- 
ties of hemorrhage; the organization of the 
Schneiderian membrane being favourable to it, 
as the blood-vessels are but slightly supported. 
It does not generally flow from both nostrils, and 
is very apt to recur. Puberty is the period at 
which it is most common. Its exciting causes 
are: - any thing that will induce local conges- 
tions, as running, coughing, blowing the nose, 
<fcc., provided there be a predisposition to it. A 
common case of epistaxis requires but little treat- 
ment, especially if in a young person. Light 
diet and a dose or two of the sulphate of magne- 
sia will be sufficient. In more severe attacks, 
cold and astringent washes of alum, sulphate of 
zinc, weak sulphuric acid, or creosote, may be 
used, and the nostrils be plugged anteriorly; but 
if the bleeding goes on posteriorly, the posterior 
nares must be plugged likewise,-the patient 
being kept with the head raised. The flow of 
blood has been arrested by directing the patient 
to stand up with his head elevated, compressing 
the nostril whence the blood flows with the finger, 
raising the corresponding arm perpendicularly, 
and holding it in this position for about two mi- 
nutes. A less vigorous circulation through the 
carotids appears to result from the increased 
force required to carry on the circulation through 
the upper extremities when raised. - Negrier. 
To prevent the recurrence, strict diet must bo in- 
culcated. 
EPISTER'NAL, Episterna'lis, from tiri, 'upon/ 
and arepvov, 'the sternum.' An epithet applied 
to two bones which form part of the sternum, and 
are situate upon its superior and lateral part. In 
the young subject, they are attached to the ster- 
num by a synovial membrane, and a fibrous cap- 
sule. They have somewhat the appearance of 
the pisiform bones, but are of a greater size. 
According to Professor Owen, the piece of a 
segment of an articulate animal, which is imme- 
diately above the middle inferior piece or sternum. 
EPISTHOT'ONOS, from cricdev, 'forwards/ 
and rtti'w, ' I extend.' A spasm of the muscles, 
drawing the body forwards. The word empros- 
thotonos is more commonly employed. 
EPISTROPHE, Relapse. 
EPISTROPHEUS, Axis. 
EPISTROPHUSX Axis. 
EPISYNAN'CHE, (ciri, and synanche or cynan- 
che,) Episynangi'na. A Greek word, used by a 
modern writer for spasm of the pharynx, by 
which deglutition is prevented, and the solid and 
liquid food driven back towards the mouth or 
nasal fossae. 
EPISYNTHET'IC, Episynthet'icus, from uri- 
(m, <rvv, and TiOnpi,) 'to collect, accu- 
mulate.' The name of a medical sect, whose ob- 
ject it was to reconcile the principles of the Me- 
thodists with those of the Empirics and Dogma, 
tists. Leonides of Alexandria seems to have been 
one of the first partisans of this sect; of which 
we know little. EPITASIS 
EPIT'ASIS, from tin, and ravuv, 'to extend.' 
The period of violence of a fever, (Febris inten'- 
sio,) attack or paroxysm; sometimes it is used in 
the same sense as epistasis, for 'suppression.' 
EPITELIUM, Epithelium. 
EPITHE'LIAL, Epithelia'lis ; same etymon 
as epithelium. Appertaining or relating to the 
epithelium,-as ' epithelial cells, or scales.' 
EPITIIE'LIUM, Epite'lium, Epithe'lis, Ende- 
piderm'is, from tin, 'upon,' and 3rjhri, 'a nipple,' 
The thin layer of epidermis, which covers parts 
deprived of derma, properly so called, - as the 
nipple, mucous membranes, lips, Ac. Modern 
histological researches have shown that it ex- 
ists, in different forms, pavement, cylinder and 
vibratile or ciliated epithelitim. Tesselated epi- 
thelium covers, the serous and synovial mem- 
branes, the lining of blood-vessels, and the mu- 
cous membranes, except where cylinder epithe- 
lium exists. It is spread over the mouth, pha- 
rynx and oesophagus, conjunctiva, vagina, and 
entrance of the female urethra. Cylinder epithe- 
lium is found in the intestinal canal, beyond the 
cardiac orifice of the stomach; in the larger 
ducts of the salivary glands ; in the ductus com- 
munis choledochus, prostate, Cowper's glands, 
vesiculee seminales, vas deferens, tubuli uriniferi, 
and urethra of the male; and lines the urinary 
passages of the female, from the orifice of the 
urethra to the beginning of the tubuli uriniferi 
of the kidneys. In all these situations, it is con- 
tinuous with tesselated epithelium, which lines 
the more delicate ducts of the various glands. 
For the uses of the ciliated epithelium, see Cilia. 
EP'ITHEM, Epith'ema or Epithe'ma, from tin, 
'upon,' and riSijju, 'I put.' This term is applied 
to every topical application which cannot be 
classed either under ointments or plasters. 
Three sorts of epithems have been usually dis- 
tinguished,- the liquid, dry, and soft, which 
comprise fomentations, bags filled with dry tub- 
stances, and cataplasms. 
EPITH'ESIS. Same etymon. The rectifica- 
tion of crooked limbs by means of instruments. 
EPITHYM'IjE, from «irt, 'upon,' and Qvyof, 
' desire.' Morbid desires or longings. 
EPITHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
EPITHYMUM, Cuscuta epithymum - e. Offi- 
cinarum, Cuscuta Europsea. 
EPITROCH'LEA, from er<, 'upon,' and 
Tpoyalaa, ' a pulley.' That which is situate above 
a pulley. Chaussier gives this name to the un- 
equal, round protuberance situate on the inside 
of the inferior extremity of the humerus above its 
articular trochlea. It is the part usually called 
the inner or lesser condyle of the humerus. From 
it originate several muscles of the forearm, to 
which it has given part of their names, according 
to the system of Chaussier. 
EPITROCHLO-CARPI-PALMAIRE, Pal- 
maris longus-e. Cubito-carpien, see Cubital mus- 
cles-e. Mitacarpien, Palmaris magnus-/. Pha- 
langinien commun, Flexor sublimis perforatus - 
f. Radial, Pronator radii teres. 
EPIZO'A, (F.) Epizoaires, Ectoparasites, from 
eir<, 'upon,' and £aiov, 'an animal.' Parasitic ani- 
mals, which infest the surface of the body, or the 
common integument. 
EPIZOO'TIA, Epizooty. Same etymon. A 
disease which reigns amongst animals. It corre- 
sponds, in the veterinary art, to epidemy in me- 
dicine. 
EPIZOOT'IC, Epizoot'icus, same etymon. Re- 
lating or appertaining to an epizooty, - as an 
' epizootic aphtha.' 
EP'OCHE, from cir«, and *to have or to 
hold.' Doubt, suspension of judgment-Suspen'sa 
EQUITATION 
senten'tia. Sometimes employed in the same 
sense as epischesis or suppression. 
EPOCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
EPODE, Incantation. 
EPO'MIS, Superhwnera'le, from tin, 'upon/ 
and wpof, 'the shoulder.' The acromion. The 
upper part of the shoulder.-Hippocrates, Galen. 
EPOMPHALICUM, Epomphalium. 
EPOMPHALION, Uterus. 
EPOMPHA'LIUM, Epomphal'icum, from tn, 
'upon/ and 'the navel.' A medicine, 
which, when placed upon the umbilicus, moves 
the belly.-Paulus of jEgina. 
EPONGE, Spongia-d'Eglantier, Bedegar. 
EPOQUES, Menses. 
EPOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
EPOSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
EPREINTES, Tenesmus. 
EPSEMA, Decoction. 
EPSESIS, Decoction, Elixatio. 
EPSOM, MINERAL WATERS OF. Epsom 
is a town in Surrey, about 15 miles from London. 
The water is a simple saline;-consisting chiefly 
of sulphate of magnesia, which has consequently 
received the name of Epsom Salts, though no 
longer prepared from the Epsom water. 
EPUISEMENT, Exhaustion. 
EPU'LIS, from eir<, 'upon/ and ov\ov, 'the 
gum.' Odon'tia excres'cens, Sarco'ma epu'lis, 
Ulon'cus, Excrescen'tia gingi'va. An excrescence 
on the gum, sometimes ending in cancer. 
EPULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
EPULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
EQUAL, jEqua'lis. An epithet applied parti- 
cularly to the pulse and to respiration. The pulse 
and respiration are equal, when the pulsations 
and inspirations which succeed each other are 
alike in every respect. 
EQUILIB'RIUM, from aquus, 'equal/ and 
librare, 'to weigh.' In medicine, this word is 
sometimes used to designate that state of organs, 
fluids, and forces, which constitutes health. 
EQUINA CAUDA, see Cauda Equina. 
EQUI'NIA, from equinus, 'belonging to a 
horse.' Glanders, (F.) Morve. A dangerous con- 
tagious disorder, accompanied by a pustular erup- 
tion, which arises from inoculation with certain 
diseased fluids generated in the horse, the ass and 
the mule. Two forms are met with, - E. mitis, 
contracted from horses affected with grease, and 
E. glandulo' sa, a dangerous and commonly fatal 
disease communicated to man, either in the acute 
or chronic form, from the glandered horse. The 
veterinary surgeons make two varieties of the 
disease in the horse-Glanders, Ma'lia, Malias'- 
mus, Ma'lie, Mails, Malleus; and Farcy glanders, 
Farcino'ma, Mal'leus farcimino'sus, Morbus far- 
cimino'sus, Cachcx'ia lymphat'ica fardmino'sa, 
(F.) Jforve farcineuse:-the former affecting the 
pituitary membrane and occasioning a profuse 
discharge from the nostrils, with pustular erup- 
tions or small tumours, which soon suppurate and 
ulcerate, being attended by symptoms of malig- 
nant fever and by gangrene of various parts : - 
the latter being the same disease, but appearing 
in the shape of small tumours about the legs, lips, 
face, neck, Ac. of the horse; sometimes very 
painful, suppurating and degenerating into foul 
ulcers. They are often seen together. 
The mild cases require little treatment but rest; 
the more severe generally resist all remedies. 
EQUISETUM ARVENSE, Ac., see Hippuris 
vulgaris-e. Minus, Hippuris vulgaris. 
EQUITA'TION, Equita'tio, Hippei'a, Hippa'- 
sia, Hippeu'sis, from equus, ' a horse.' Horseback 
exercise. A kind of exercise, advisable in many 
diseases, although improper in others-in uterine 
338 EQUIVOROUS 
339 
ERGOTISM 
affections, for instance. It has been much recom- 
mended in phthisis pulmonalis. It is less fatigu- 
ing than walking, and consequently more avail- 
able in disease. But to prevent disease, where 
much exercise is required, the latter is preferable. 
EQUIV'OROUS, Equiv'orus, Hippoph'agous, 
from equus, 'a horse,' and voro, 'I devour.' 
Feeding or subsisting on horseflesh. 
EQUIV'OCAL, Equiv'ocus, from aquus, 'equal,' 
and vox, 'voice.' Those symptoms are occasion- 
ally so denominated which belong to several dis- 
eases. Generation is said to be ' equivocal,' when 
it is, or seems to be, spontaneous. See Genera- 
tion. 
EQUUS, Hippus. 
ERABLE, Acer saccharinum. 
ERADICATION, Eradica'tio, from e, 'from,' 
and radix, ' a root.' The act of rooting out, or 
completely removing a disease. 
ERAD'ICATIVE, Eradi'cans: same etymon. 
Any thing possessed of the power of completely 
rooting out a disease. 
ERAILLEMENT DES PAUPIERES, Ec- 
tropion. 
EREBINTHUS, Acer arietinum. 
ERECHTHI'TES HIERACIFO'LIA, Sene'cio 
hieracifo'lius, Fireweed. An indigenous plant, 
Order, Compositae, which flowers from July to 
September. It is said to be an acrid tonic, and 
astringent, and in large doses emetic. 
ERECTILE TISSUE, Tela erec'tilis, from 
erigere, (e, and rigere,) 'to erect,' 'to become 
erect.' A tissue, whose principal character is :- 
to be susceptible of dilatation, i. e. of turgescence 
and increase of size. It is formed of a collection 
of arteries and veins, intermixed with nervous 
filaments; which form, by their numerous anas- 
tomoses, a spongy substance, whose areolae com- 
municate with each other. Smooth muscular 
fibres have been detected in it. This tissue ex- 
ists in the corpora cavernosa of the penis and 
clitoris, at the lower and inner surface of the va- 
gina, in the spongy part of the urethra, the lips, 
nipples, iris, &c. Sometimes it is developed ac- 
cidentally, and constitutes a kind of organic 
transformation. 
ERECTION, Erec'tio, Arrec'tio; same ety- 
mon. The state of a part, in which, from having 
been soft, it becomes stiff, hard, and swollen by 
the accumulation of blood in the areolae of its 
tissue, as in the case of the penis ;-Styma, Styein. 
ERECTOR CLITORIDIS, Ischio-cavernosus 
-e. Penis, Ischio-cavernosus. 
EREMACAU'SIS, from 'waste,' and 
Kavaif, 'combustion.' A term applied by Liebig 
to the slow combustion, oxidation, or decay of 
organic matters in the air. 
EREMIA, Acinesia. 
ERETHILYTICUM H2EMAT0LYTICUM, 
Spansemic. 
ER'ETHISM, Erethis'mus, Erethis'ia, Irrita- 
men'tum, Irrita'tio, from 'I irritate.' Ir- 
ritation. Augmentation of the vital phenomena 
in any organ or tissue. Orgasm. Under this 
name, Mr. Pearson has described a state of the 
constitution produced by mercury acting on it as 
a poison. He calls it Mercu'rial Erethis' mus. It 
is characterized by great depression of strength; 
anxiety about the praecordia; irregular action of 
the heart; frequent sighing; tremors; small, 
quick, sometimes intermitting, pulse; occasional 
vomiting; pale, contracted countenance, and 
sense of coldness; but the tongue is seldom 
furred, nor are the vital and natural functions 
much disturbed. In this state any sudden exer- 
tion may prove fatal. 
ERETHISMA, Rubefacient. 
ERETHISMUS, Erethism, Irritation-e. Ebrio- 
sorum, Delirium tremens - e. Hydrophobia, Hy- 
drophobia-e. Oneirodynia, Incubus, Paroniria- 
e. Simplex, Fidgets. 
ERETHISTICUS. Erethiticus, Rubefacient 
ERETHIT'IC, Erethit'icus, Erethis'ticus. Be- 
longing or relating to erethism, - as " erethitic 
phenomena," or phenomena of irritation. 
EREUGMOS, Eructation. 
EREUXIS, Eructation, Flatulence. 
ERGASMA, Myrrha. 
ERGASTERION SPIRITUS, Pulmo. 
ERGASTERIUM, Laboratory. 
ERGOT, (F.) Ergot, 'a spur.' EFgota, Seca'le 
cornu'turn, Clavus secali'nus, Clavus seea'iis, Sper- 
moe'dia clavus, Mater seea'iis, Calcar, Seea'iis 
mater, Seca'le luxu'rians, Ustila'go, Clavus silig"- 
inis, Frumen'tum cornu'tum, F. cornicula'tum, F. 
luxu'rians, F. tur'gidum, F. temulen'tum, Brizoc'- 
eras, (?) Melanophy'ma, Spurred or Horned Rye, 
the Spur, Hornseed, (F.) Seigle ergote, Bit cornu. 
Ergot is generally considered to be the result of 
a disease in rye, occurring most frequently when 
a hot summer succeeds a rainy spring. Decan- 
dolle, however, regards it as a parasitic fungus, 
and calls it, Sclero'tium clavus; whilst Leveille 
esteems it to be a fungus giving a coating to the 
diseased grain; the medical virtues residing in 
the coating. This parasitic fungus he calls Spha- 
ce'lia seg"etum. More recently, it has been main- 
tained, that it is a diseased state of the grain oc- 
casioned by the growth of a fungus not pre- 
viously detected, to which the names Ergotce'tia 
abortans seu abortifa'ciens, Oidium abortifa'ciens, 
Ergot-mould, have been given. It is found pro- 
jecting from among the leaves of the spike or 
ear; and is along, crooked excrescence, resem- 
bling the spur of a cock; pointed at its extremi- 
ties ; of a dark brown colour externally, and white 
within. 
This substance has been long used in Germany 
to act on the uterus, as its names Mutterkorn 
and Gebarpulver (womb-grain, pulvis partu- 
riens) testify. Upwards of forty years ago, it 
was recommended in this country, by Dr. John 
Stearns, of Saratoga County, New York, for ac- 
celerating parturition ; and since that period, nu- 
merous testimonials have been offered in its fa- 
vour. Half a drachm of the powder is gently 
boiled in half a pint of water, and one-third part 
given every 20 minutes, until proper pains begin. 
Some recommend the clear watery infusion ; 
others advise the powder; others the oil, and 
others the wine. It is obvious, that in many 
cases the uterine efforts would return in the pe- 
riod which would necessarily elapse in the admi- 
nistration of ergot, so that several of the cases, 
at least, of reputed efficacy, may not have been 
dependent upon the assigned agent. Ergot also 
possesses-it is affirmed-narcotic virtues, which 
have rendered it useful in hemorrhagic and other 
affections of excitement. 
Bread, made of spurred rye, has been attended 
with the effects described under Ergotism. 
ERGOT, Hippocampus minor. 
ERGOT-MOULD, see Ergot. 
ERGOTA, Ergot. 
ERGOT2ETIA ABORTANS, see Ergot -e. 
Abortifaciens, see Ergot. 
ER'GOTIN, Extrac'tum Er'got os, Extract of 
Ergot, (F.) Ergotine, Extrait hemostatique de 
Bonjean. The extract of ergot has been found 
an excellent hemastatic in the dose of two grains 
several times a day. It has also been used ex- 
ternally. 
ERGOTINE, Ergotin. 
ER'GOTISM, Ergotis'mus, from ergota, 'ergot 
Morbus cerea'lis. Poisoning by ergot. An affec- 
tion produced by the use of spurred rye. At 
times, the symptoms are limited to vertigo, ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE 
spasms, and convulsions. See Convulsio cerealis. 
Most commonly, there is torpor with numbness 
of the hands and feet, which waste away, lose 
sensation and the power of motion, and separate 
from the body by dry gangrene; Ergotis'mus 
Sphacelo'sus, Sphac"elus cerea'lis, Necro'sis ce- 
rea'lis, Gangroe'na ustilagin'ea, Necrosis ustila- 
gin'ea, Ergot or Mildeiv mortification, (F.) Ergo- 
tisms gangrineux, Gangrene des Solonois, Mai de 
Sologne. 
ERGOTISME CONVULSIVE, Convulsio ce- 
realis. 
ERGOTISMUS, Ergotism - e. Spasmodicus, 
Convulsio cerealis-e. Sphacelosus, Ergotism. 
ERI'CA VULGA'RIS, Callu'na vulga'ris seu 
Eri'ca, Common Heath, (F.) Bruylre vulgaire. 
This has been regarded as diuretic and diapho- 
retic. 
ERIG"ERON BELLIDIFO'LIUM, 
plantain. An indigenous plant of the Composite 
family; flowering in May. It is said to possess 
properties like the next. 
Erig"erox Philadel'phicum, Scabious, Ske- 
visch, Philadelphia Flea-Bane, Skevisch Flea- 
Bane, Daisy, Cocash, Frostweed, Fieldweed, 
Squaw-weed, (F.) Vergerette de Philadelphie. 
The plant has been used in decoction or infusion 
for gouty and gravelly complaints, and is said 
to operate powerfully as a diuretic and sudorific. 
Erigeron Canaden'se, Oan'ada Fleabane, is 
considered to be allied in properties to the above, 
and the same may be said of Erigeron Hetero- 
phyV'lum, Sweet Sea'bions or various-leaved Flea- 
bane ; all of which are in the secondary list of 
the Pharmacopoeia of the United States. 
ERIGERUM, Senecio. 
ERIGNE, Hook. 
ERTNE, Hook. 
ERIOCEPH'ALUS UMBELLULA'TUS, Wild 
Rose'mary. A South African shrub, Nat. Ord. 
Compositae, which is diuretic, and used by the 
farmers and Hottentots, in various forms of 
dropsy. 
ERIOSPERM'UM LATIFO'LIUM. A South 
African plant, the tuber of which is muculent, 
and used externally in abrasions of the skin, and 
in superficial ulcers. It is also employed by the 
Mohammedans, in decoction, in amenorrhoea. 
ERIX, tp>£. This word signifies, in Galen, the 
upper part of the liver. 
ERODENS, Caustic. 
ERODIUM MOSCHATUM, Geranium mos- 
chatum. 
EROMANIA, Erotomania. 
ERON'OSUS, Eronu'sos, from np, ' spring,' and 
voces or vovaos, ' disease.' A disease which ap- 
pears chiefly in spring. 
EROS, Love. 
EROSIO, Corrosion-e. et Perforatio sponta- 
nea Ventriculi, Gastromalacia. 
ERO'SION, Ero'sio, Diabro'sis, Anabro'sis, 
Corro'sion, from erodere, (e, and rodere,) 'to eat 
away.' The action of a corrosive substance, or 
the gradual destruction of a part by a substance 
of that kind. It is often employed in the same 
sense as ulceration, spontaneous erosion. 
EROT'IC, Ero'ticus, from epwy, 'love.' That 
which is produced by love; - as Erotic melan- 
choly, E. delirium, <tc. 
EROTICOMANIA, Erotomania. 
EROTION, Melissa. 
EROTOMA'NIA, Eroma'nia, Ma'nia erot'ica, 
Irom epwj, 'love,' and yavia, 'mania.' A species 
of mental alienation caused by love. Erotic me- 
lancholy is Love melancholy. Some authors write 
it Erot'ico-mania. Also, Nymphomania. 
ERPES, Herpes. 
ERRABUNDUS, Planetes. 
340 
ERVUM 
ERRAT'IC, Errat'icus, Atac'tos, At'ypos; from 
errare, 'to err.' Wandering, irregular. That 
which disappears and recurs at irregular inter- 
vals. This name is given to intermittents, Febres 
errat'icoe, which observe no type. Most com- 
monly, it is applied to pains or to any diseased 
manifestations which are not fixed, but move 
from one part to another, as in gout, rheumatism, 
erysipelas, &c. 
ERREUR DE LIEU, Error loci. 
ER'RHINE, Errhi'num or Er'rhinum, Sternu- 
tato'rium, Sternutatory, Ptar'micum, Apophleg- 
mat'isans per nares, Nasa'le, from tv, ' in,'and 
piv, ' the nose.' A remedy whose action is ex- 
erted on the Schneiderian membrane, exciting 
sneezing and increased discharge. Errhines have 
been mainly used as local stimulants in head 
affections. The chief are : Asari Folia, Euphor- 
bia; gummi-resina, Ilydrargyri sulphas flavus, 
Tabacum, and Veratrum album. 
ERRHINUM, Sternutatory. 
ER'RHYSIS, from tv, 'in,' and pew, 'I flow.' 
With some, a draining of blood. A trifling he- 
morrhage. 
ERROR LOCI, Apoplane'sis, (F.) Erreur de 
Lieu. A term, frequently used by Boerhaave to 
express deviation of fluids, when they enter ves- 
sels not destined for them. Boerhaave admitted 
several orders of capillary vessels, the diameters 
of which went on decreasing. The largest re- 
ceived red blood: those which came next re- 
ceived only white : others only lymph ; whilst the 
last of all were destined for yet more subtle fluids 
- for a kind of vapour. When the red globules 
entered vessels destined for the white, or the 
white those intended for the thinner fluids, there 
was, according to the theory of Boerhaave, an 
error loci, the proximate cause of inflammation 
and other mischiefs. See Aberration. 
ERUCA, Brassica eruca, Sinapis-e. Barbarea., 
Erysimum barbarea-e. Foetida, Brassica eruca- 
e. Sativa, Brassica eruca. 
ERUCTA'TION, Ructa'tio, Ereug'mus, Er'yge, 
Eructa' tio, Ruetus, Ructa'men, Ructua'tio, 
Ereux'is, Rcstagna'tio, Ruft, (N. of England,) 
from eructare, (e, and ructare, ' to belch.') 
Belching, (F.) Rot, Rapport. A sonorous emis- 
sion, by the mouth, of flatus proceeding from the 
stomach. When so frequent as to occasion a dis- 
eased condition, this is termed Ructuo'situs, Mor- 
bus ructuo'sus. 
ERUGATORIA, Tetanothra. 
ERUGINEUX, uEruginous. 
ERUPTIO, Eruption - e. Exanthematis, Epa- 
nastasis-e. Sanguinis, Hmmorrhagia. 
ERUP'TION, Erup'tio, from erumpere, (e, and 
rumpere,) 'to issue with violence,' 'to break out.' 
This word has several meanings. 1. The sudden 
and copious evacuation of any fluid from a canal 
or cavity; - of serum, blood, pus, &c., for exam- 
ple. 2. The breaking out of an exanthem ; and, 
3, the exanthem itself, whether simply in the 
form of a rash, or of pustules, vesicles, &c. 
ERUPTION ANOMALE, Roseolae-e. Ro- 
sace, Roseola;-e. Violet, lonthus. 
ERUP'TIVE, Eruptions. That which is ac- 
companied by an eruption. Thus small-pox, 
measles, scarlet fever, miliaria, &c., are eruptive 
fevers. The term eruptive disease is nearly sy- 
nonymous with cutaneous disease. 
ERVA DE SANCTA MARIA, Arum Dracun- 
culus. 
ERVA LENTA, see Ervum. 
ERVUM, E. Ervil'ia, E. plica'tum, Vic"ia er- 
vil'ia, Or'obus, (F.) Lentille Ers ou Orobe. In 
times of scarcity, the seeds have been made into 
bread, but it is said not to be wholesome. The 
meal was one much used in poultices: it was for- ERYGE 
341 
ERYTHEMA 
merly called Orob'ion, opoffiov. Under the name 
Ervalent'a, a secret preparation has been intro- 
duced into Paris. It is a vegetable powder, which, 
when mixed with milk and soup and taken night 
and morning, is said to have succeeded in remo- 
ving old and obstinate obstructions! Buchner 
thinks it is bean-meal, Ditterieh, the meal of the 
seed of Ervum Ervilia.-Aschenbrenner. 
Ervum Ervilia, Ervum. 
Ervum Lens, Oieer Lens,Lens eseulen'ta,Phacos, 
the Lentil, (F.) Lentille. The seed, Phace, Pha'- 
cea, Phacus, is eaten in many places like peas : 
they are flatulent and difficult of digestion. 
Ervum Plicatum, Ervum. 
ERYGE, Eructation. 
ERYNGIUM, see E. Aquaticum. 
Eryn'gium Aquat'icum, Water Eryn'go, But- 
ton Snake Root. Nat. Order, Umbelliferie. This 
root, Eryn'gium, (Ph. U. S.,) is nearly allied to 
the contrayerva of the shops, and acts more espe- 
cially as a sudorific. It is a secondary article in 
the Pharm. U. S. 
Eryngium Campes'trE, E. vulga're, Centum 
Cap ita, Lyrin'gium, Aster inquina'lis, Capit'u- 
lum Martis, Acus Ven'eris, (F.) Panicaut, Char- 
don-Roland, is sometimes used for E. maritimum. 
Eryngium Marit'imum seu Mari'num. The 
Sea Holly or Eryngo, xEthe'rea Herba, (F.) Pa- 
nicaut Maritime. Eryngo root has a slightly aro- 
matic odour, and sweetish and warm taste. It is 
considered to be diuretic and expectorant, but its 
powers are so weak, that it is scarcely ever used. 
Eryngium Vulgare, E. Campestre. 
ERYNGO, SEA, Eryngium maritimum - e. 
Water, Eryngium aquaticum. 
ERYS'IMUM, Erys'imum ojficina'le, Sisym'- 
brium officina'le, Chama.'plion. Hedge-mustard, 
(F.) Velar, Tortelle, Herbe aux Chantres. This 
was, formerly, much used for its expectorant and 
diuretic qualities. The seeds greatly resemble 
mustard. 
Erysimum Alliaria, Alliaria, 
Erysimum Barba'rea, E. lyra'tum, Ar'abis 
barba'rea, Sisymbrium barba'rea, Eru'ca barba'- 
rea, Barba'rea, B. stric'ta, (F.) Herbe de Sainte 
Barbe, has been ranked amongst the antiscor- 
butic plants. See Alliaria. 
Erysimum Cordifolium, Alliaria-e. Lyratum, 
E. barbarea. 
ERYSIPELA'CEA. Same etymon as the next. 
A family of eruptive diseases, comprising erysi- 
pelas, variola, rubeola, and scarlatina. 
ERYSIP'ELAS, from tpvio, 'I draw in,' and 
near. Febris erysipelato'sa, Febris ery- 
sipela'cea, Erythrop'yra, Emphlysis Erysip'elas, 
St. Anthony's fire, Ignis Sancti Anto'nii, I. Colu- 
mel'lee, Hieropyr, Icterit"ia rubra, Ignis sacer, 
Rose, Rubea icterit"ia, Vicinitra'ha, Vicinitrac'- 
tus, Brnnus, Lugdus, (F.) Erysipele, Feu St. An- 
toine, Feu sacri, Mai Saint Antoine. A disease, 
so called because it generally extends gradually 
to the neighbouring parts. Superficial inflamma- 
tion of the skin, with general fever, tension and 
swelling of the part; pain and heat more or less 
acrid; redness diffused, but more or less circum- 
scribed, and disappearing when pressed upon by 
the finger, but returning as soon as the pressure 
is removed. Frequently, small vesicles appear 
upon the inflamed part, which dry up and fall 
oft, under the form of branny scales. Erysipelas 
is, generally, an acute affection : its medium du- 
ration being from 10 to 11 days. It yields, com- 
monly, to general refrigerant remedies. Topical 
applications are rarely serviceable. At times 
when the disease approaches the phlegmonous 
character, copious bleeding and other evacuants 
W be required, a in many eageg of . ,g 
ot the face; but this is not commonly necessary. I 
In most cases, indeed, the general action seems 
deficient, and it becomes necessary to give tonics. 
When erysipelas is of a highly inflammatory 
character, and invades the parts beneath, it is 
termed Erysip'elas phlegmono' des, (F.) Erysipele 
phlegmoneux: when accompanied with phlyc- 
tente, and the inflammation terminates in gan- 
grene, Erysip'elas gangrceno' sum, (F.) Erysipela 
gangrineux; and when associated with infiltra- 
tion of serum Erysip'elas oedemato'sum, (F.) Ery- 
sipele oedemateux. 
Erysipelas Gangr.enosum, see Erysipelas - 
e. (Edematosum, see Erysipelas - e. Phlegmo- 
nodes, see Erysipelas - e. Periodica nervosa 
chronica, Pellagra-e. Phlyctenoides, Herpes 
zoster-e. Pustulosa, Herpes zoster-e. Zoster, 
ERYSIPELATODES, Erysipelatous. 
ERYSIPEL'ATOUS, Erysipelato'des, Erysi- 
pelato'sus. Belonging to erysipelas; as an ery- 
sipel'atous affection. 
Erysipel'atous Inflammation, Inflamma'tio 
erysipelato'sa, Epiphlogis'ma, Cuti'tis, Dermati'- 
tis, is the character of inflammation which distin- 
guishes erysipelas, Erythe'ma erysipelato'sum. 
ERYSIPELE, Erysipelas - I. Ambulant, see 
Ambulant - 6. Gangrtneux, see Erysipelas - e. 
(Edemateux, see Erysipelas-i. Phlegmoneux, see 
Erysipelas - e. Serpigineux, see Serpiginous - e. 
Pustuleux, Herpes zoster. 
ERYSOS, Erythema. 
ERYTHE'MA, from tpvOpaios, tpvOpo$, 'red, 
rose-coloured.' Erythre'ma, (F. ) Erytheme. 
This name is, sometimes, given to erysipelas, 
! especially when of a local character. It is, 
also, applied to the morbid redness on the 
j cheeks of the hectic, and on the skin covering 
bubo, phlegmon, &c. It forms the 6th genus 
of the 3d order, Exanthemata, of Bateman's 
classification of cutaneous diseases; and is de- 
fined, "a nearly continuous redness of some 
portion of the skin, attended with disorder of the 
constitution, but not contagious.' Many varie- 
ties are described by dermatologists, - for exam- 
ple, E. intertri' go, E. fugax, E. papula'tum, E. 
tubercula turn, E. nodo'sum, E. Iceve, E centrif - 
ugum, E. margina'tum, and E. aerodyn'ia. 
Erythema Acrodynia, Acrodynum-e. Am- 
bustio, Burn-e. Anthrax, Anthrax. 
Erythe'ma Centrif'ugum. A variety of ery- 
thema attacking the face, commencing with a 
small red spot, and spreading around, so as, at 
times, to affect the whole face. 
.Erythema Endemicum, Pellagra - e. a Fri 
gore, Chilblain. 
Erythe'ma Fugax. Patches of erythema 
I that sometimes appear on the body in febrile dis- 
I eases, teething children, <tc., and which are of 
brief duration. 
Erythema Gangrenosum, Anthrax-e. Icho- 
I rosum, Eczema mercuriale-e. Intertrigo, Chafino- 
Erythe'ma L.eve, (F.) Eryth'eme liger. Slight 
erythema affecting the skin, as in oedema. 
Erythe'ma Margina'tum, (F.) mar- 
ginal. A form in. which the prominent patches 
of erythema are distinctly separated from the 
skin at their margins. 
Erythema Mercuriale, Eczema mercurial 
Erythe'ma Nodo'sum, (F.) Erythlme noueux. 
A more severe form of Erythema tuberculatum 
Erythe'ma Papula'tum, (F.) Eryth'eme papa- 
leux. Patches of erythema, which are at first na- 
pulated, appearing on the face, neck, breast Ac 
of females, and young persons more especially '' 
ChRbkim MA PELLAGRUM' Pellagra-e. Pernio ERYTHEMATOUS 
Erythe'ma Sola're. A name given by the 
Italians to Pellagra, owing to its being attended 
with an eruption of small red spots or patches on 
the parts that are exposed to the sun. 
Erythe'ma Tubercula'tum, E. tuberculo'num, 
(F.) Erythime tuberculeux. A form of erythema 
in which the patches are in small lumps. 
ERYTHEM'ATOUS, Erythemat'ic, Erythema- 
to'sus, Erythemat'icus, (F.) Erythemateux. Ap- 
pertaining or relating to Erythema. 
ERYTHEME, Erythema-e. Liger, Erythe- 
ma laeve-i. Marginal, Erythema marginatum- 
i. Noueux, Erythema nodosum - i. Papuleux, 
Erythema papulatum-e. Tuberculeux, Erythema 
tuberculatum. 
ERYTHRA3A CENTAURIUM, Chironiacen- 
taurium - e. Chilensis, Canchalagua, Chironia 
Chilensis. 
ERYTHREMIA,Plethora. 
ERYTHRAN'CHE, Angi'na erysipelato'sa, 
from cpvOpof, ' red,' and ' I suffocate.' Ery- 
sipelatous or erythematous sore throat. 
ERYTHREMA, Erythema. 
ERYTHRINA MONOSPERMA, Butea fron- 
dosa. 
ERYTHROCHCERAS, Cynanche parotidsea. 
ERYTHRODANUM, Rubia. 
ER'YTHROID, Ery thro'des, Erythrdi'des. 
Reddish. 
Erythroid Coat. Tu'nica ery thro'des. Vagi- 
nal coat of the testis. 
Er'ythroid Ves'icle, Vesic'ula Erythro'idea. 
A vesicle of the foetus described by Pockels and 
others. It is pyriform, and much longer than, 
although of the same breadth as, the umbilical 
vesicle. Velpeau, Weber, and others, doubt its 
being a physiological condition. 
ERYTHRONIUM, E. Americanum. 
Erythro'nium America'num, E. flavum, E. 
dent canis, E. lanceola' turn, E. long if o'Hum, Com- 
mon Erythro'nium, Yellow Snake-leaf, Yellow 
Adder's tongue, Adder-leaf, Dog vi'olet, Rattle- 
snake vi'olet, Lamb's tongue, Scrofula root, Yel- 
low Snowdrop. This plant is possessed of emetic 
properties, but is rarely, if ever, used. The root 
and herb, Erythro'nium, (Ph. U. S.,) are in the 
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States. 
Erythronium Dens Cants, E. Americanum - 
e. Flavum, E. Americanum - e. Lanceolatum, E. 
Americanum-e. Longifolium, E. Americanum. 
ERYTHROPYRA, Erysipelas. 
ERYTHROSIS, Plethora. 
ES'APHE, from c<ra<pa<>>, ' I touch with the fin- 
gers.* (F.) Le Toucher. The introduction of a 
finger or fingers into the vagina, for the purpose 
of examining the condition of the uterus. It is 
employed to verify the existence or non-existence 
of pregnancy and its different stages; to detect 
certain affections or faults of conformation in the 
genital organs and pelvis; and, during the pro- 
cess of accouchement, to examine into the pro- 
gress of labour, <tc. 
ESCA, Aliment. 
ESCARA, Eschar. 
ESCARGOT, Limax. 
ESCHALOTTE, Echalotte. 
ESCHAR, Es'chara, Es'char, a slough, a crust 
or scab. The crust or disorganized portion, ari- 
sing from the mortification of a part, and which 
is distinguishable from the living parts by its 
colour, consistence, and other physical properties. 
The inflammation which it excites in the conti- 
guous parts, gives occasion to a secretion of pus 
between the living and dead parts, which ulti- 
mately completely separates the latter. 
ESCHARA, Vulva. 
342 
ESSENCE 
ESCHAROT'IC, Escharot'icum, from 
'eschar.' Any substance, which, when applied 
upon a living part, gives rise to an eschar, such 
as caustic potaesa: the concentrated mineral 
acids, Ac. 
Escharotic Poison, see Poison. 
ESCHELLOHE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
This water rises at the foot of a mountain near 
the convent of Etal in Bavaria. It is a sulphuro- 
saline. 
ESCHID'NA OCELLA'TA. A very poisonous 
viper, which inhabits the sugar-cane fields of 
Peru. Its bite is almost instantaneously fatal. 
ESCORZONERA, Scorzonera. 
ESCRE VISSE, Crab. 
ESCULAPIAN, Medical. 
ES'CULENT, Esculen'tvs, Ed'ible, Eat'able, 
from esca, 'food.' (F.) Comestible. Such plants 
or such parts of plants or animals as may be 
eaten for food. 
ESO, taw, 'within.' A prefix which signifies 
an affection of an internal part; as Esoenteritis, 
inflammation of the inner membrane of the intes- 
tines:- Esogastri'tis, inflammation of the inner 
membrane of the stomach, Ac. 
ESOCHAS, Esoche. 
ES'OCHE, Es'ochas. A tumour-as a hemor- 
rhoid-within the anus. 
ESOCOLITIS, Desentery. 
ESODIC, Afferent. 
ESOENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
ESOGASTRITIS, Endogastritis. 
ESOTER'IC, tawrtpoj, ' interior,' from 
'within.' Private; interior; in contradistinction 
to Exoter'ic, public, exterior. Hence, we speak 
of ' esoteric and exoteric causes of disease.' 
ESOT'ERISM, MED'ICAL. Same etymon as 
Esoteric. A term used by M. Simon, in his De- 
ontologie mtdicale, for that esotery, or mystery 
and secresy, with which the practitioner performs 
his daily duties, and which, he conceives, he is 
compelled to adopt by the prejudices and igno- 
rance of his patients. 
ESP ACES 1NTERC0STAUX, see Costa. 
ESPECE, Powder, compound. 
ESPECES VULNERAIRES, Falltranck. 
ESPHLA'SIS, from «?, 'inwards,' and tfXaw, 
' I break, bruise,' Ac. A fracture of the skull by 
comminution, the fragments being depressed. 
See Depression, and Enthlasis. 
ESPRIT, Spirit-e. d'Ammoniaque, Spiritus 
ammonias-e. d'Anis, Spiritus anisi - e. de Cam- 
phre, Spiritus camphor®-e. de Cannelle, Spiritus 
cinnamomi - e. de Carvi, Spiritus carui - e. de 
Genievre compost, Spiritus juniperi compositus- 
e. de Lavande, Spiritus lavandulae-e. de Lavande 
compost, Spiritus lavandul® compositus - e. de 
Menthe poivrte, Spiritus menthas piperit®-e. de 
Muscade, Spiritus myristic®-e. de Pouliot, Spi- 
ritus pulegii-e. de Raifort compost, Spiritus ar- 
moraci® compositus - e. de Romarin, Spiritus 
rosmarini-e. de I7n delayt, Spiritus tenuior-e. 
de Vin rectiftt, Spiritus rectificatus. 
E SPRITS AN IM AUX, Nervous fluid. 
ESQUILLE, Splinter. 
ESQUINANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche ton- 
sillaris. 
ESQUINE, Smilax China. 
ES'SENCE, Essen'tia, corrupted from existen- 
tia, 'standing out'(?) By some, used synony- 
mously with volatile oil; by others, with simple 
tincture. The oil of peppermint is the oil obtained 
by distillation; the essence, the oil diluted with 
spirit See Tinct olei menth®. 
Essence of Bardana, Hill's, Tincturi guaiaci 
ammoniata-e. of Coltsfoot, see Tinctura benzoini 
composita-e. of Musk, Tinctura moschi-e. of ESSENCES 
Mustard Pills, Whitehead's, see Sinapis - e. of 
Mustard, Whitehead's, see Sinapis - e. of Pep- 
permint, Tinctura olei menthae piperitae-e. of 
Spearmint, Tinctura olei mentha? viridis - e. of 
Spruce, see Pinus Abies. 
ESSENCES, Olea volatilia. 
ESSENTIA, Essence, Tincture - e. Abietis, 
see Pinus abies - e. Aloes, Tinctura aloes - e. 
Absinthii amara, Tinctura A. composita-e. Ab- 
sinthii composita, Tinctura A. composita-e. An- 
timonii seu stibii, Vinum antimonii tartarizati - 
e. Antiseptic* Huxhami, Tinctura cinchonas com- 
posita-e. Aromatica, Tinctura cinnamomi com- 
posita-e. Castorei, Tinctura castorei-e. Catho- 
lica purgans Rothii, Tinctura jalapii composita- 
e. de Cedro, Oleum cedrinum - e. Chinae, Tinc- 
tura cinchonas composita - e. Cinnamomi, Tinc- 
tura cinnamomi-e. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium 
- e. Corticis Peruviani antiseptica Huxhami, 
Tinctura cinchonas composita-e. Corticis Peru- 
viana composita, Tinctura cinchonas amara. 
ESSEN'TIAL, Essentia'lis. The word essential 
has been applied to the immediate or active prin- 
ciples of vegetables, which were believed to be 
endowed with the properties of the plants from 
which they were extracted. Essential oil was so 
called because it was regarded as the only imme- 
diate principle which was essential. This expres- 
sion is retained. Essential salts are true salts or 
extracts which exist, ready formed, in vegetables ; 
and which are obtained by distillation, incinera- 
tion, or some other process. 
An essential disease is synonymous with a ge- 
neral disease ; that is, one not depending on any 
local affection;-not symptomatic. See Entity. 
ES'SERA, Es'sere, Sora, Saire, Sare, Morbus 
porci'nus, Rosa saltans, Urtica'ria porcella'na, 
(F.) Ampoules, Porcelaine. A species of cutane- 
ous eruption, consisting of small, reddish tuber- 
cles over the whole body, accompanied by a 
troublesome itching. It seems to be a variety of 
lichen or urticaria. See Lichen tropicus. 
ESSIEU, Axis. 
ESSOUFELEMENT, Anhelatio. 
ESTHEMA, Vestitus. 
ESTIIESIS,vVestitus. 
ESTHIOMENE, Esthiomenus. 
ESTIIIOM'ENUS, Estiom'enus, from caOcw, 'I 
eat.' Ex'edens. (F.) Esthiomene. That which 
devours or eats away. Certain ulcers and erup- 
tions- Dartres rongeantes-are so called. 
ES'TIVAL, xEsti'vus; happening in summer, 
belonging to summer. This epithet is given to 
summer diseases, so called because they reign at 
that season, and appear to depend on the influ- 
ence exerted by it on the animal economy. In 
the United States, the term summer disease or 
complaint means disorder of the bowels, as diar- 
rhoea, cholera morbus, <fcc. 
ESTOMAC, Stomach. 
ESULA CYPARISSIAS, Euphorbia cyparis- 
sias- e. Major, Euphorbia palustris - e. Minor, 
Euphorbia cyparissias. 
ESURIES, Hunger. 
ESURIGrO, Hunger. 
ESURITIO, Hunger. 
ESYCHIA, Acinesia. 
FT AGE, Stage. 
ETAIN, Tin - i. de Glace, Bismuth-e. Gris, 
Bismuth. 
ETAT GRANULEUX DU REIN, Kidney, 
Bright's Disease of the. 
&TERNUEMENT, Sneezing. 
ETESTICULATIO, Castration. 
ETHER, jEther, ASther sulphuricus-e. Acetic, 
see Ait her. 
Ether, Chloric, Chloroform. Under the 
Eames concentrated chloric ether and strong 
343 
ETHMYPHITIS 
chloric ether, a compound of pure chloroform and 
nearly absolute alcohol - in the proportion of 
one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter 
-has been used as an anajsthetic by inhalation, in 
the same cases as sulphuric ether and chloroform. 
It is properly an alcoholic solution or tincture of 
chloroform. 
Ether, Chlorohydric, Chlorinated, see 
.Ether muriaticus-e. Chlorohydrique ehlore, see 
.Ether muriaticus. 
Ether, Compound. A preparation consisting 
of a solution of chloroform in sulphuric ether, which 
has been used as an anaesthetic by inhalation, in 
the same cases as chloroform. 
Ether, Hydrochloric, see .Ether-e. Hydro- 
cyanic, .Ether hydrocyanicus-e. Muriatic, .Ether 
muriaticus-e. Nitric, see .Ether-e. Nitrous, see 
.Ether-e. Phosphoric, see AJther-e. Rectified, 
.Ether sulphuricus - e. Sulphuric, AEther sul- 
phuricus - e. Terebinthinated, .Ether terebin- 
thinatus. 
ETHEREAL, .Ethereal, 
ETHEREE, .Ethereal. 
ETHEREOUS, .Ethereal. 
ETHERINE, HYDROCYANATE OF, AEther 
hydrocyanicus-e. Muriate of, AEther muriaticus. 
ETHERIZA'TION, jEtherisa'tio. The aggre- 
gate of phenomena induced by the inhalation of 
ether. 
E'THERIZED, jEtherisa'tus. Presenting the 
phenomena induced by the inhalation of ether. 
ETHICS, MEDICAL, Deontology, medical. 
ETHIOPIAN, see Homo. 
ETHIOPS, see zEthiops. 
ETHISIS, Filtration. 
ETHISMUS, Filtration. 
ETH'MOID, Ethmo'des, Ethmo'i'des, Ethmo'i'- 
deus, from nOgos, 'a sieve,' and eiSos, 'form.' 
Shaped like a sieve. 
Ethmoid Bone, Os ethmo'ideum, Os multifor'me, 
Os spongio' sum, Os spongoi'des, Os cribro'sum, Os 
cribrifor'me, Os cu'bicum, Os crista'tum, Os fora- 
minulen'tum, Os colifor'me, Os colato'rium, (F.) 
Os cribleux. One of the eight bones which com- 
pose the cranium ; so called, because its upper 
plate is pierced by a considerable number of 
holes. The ethmoid bone is situate at the ante- 
rior, inferior, and middle part of the base of the 
cranium. It seems to be composed of a multitude 
of thin, fragile, semi-transparent laminae, which 
form more or less spacious cells, called the Eth- 
moidal labyrinth or cells, distinguished into ante- 
rior and posterior. These communicate with the 
nose, and are lined by a prolongation of the 
pituitary membrane. The ethmoid bone is con- 
stituted of compact tissue, and is surrounded by 
the Ethmoid suture. It is articulated with the 
frontal and sphenoidal bones, the cornua spheno- 
idalia, the superior maxillary bones, the palate 
bones, the ossa turbinata inferiora, the vomer, 
the proper bones of the nose, and the lachrymal 
bones. 
ETHMOID'AL, Ethmo'ida'lis. Belonging to 
the ethmoid bone; as, Ethmoidal cells, E. suture, 
&e. The Ethmoi'dal apoph'ysis or process is the 
advanced part of the sphenoid bone, which articu- 
lates with the ethmoid. The ethmoidal arteries 
are two in number, the anterior of which arises 
from the ophthalmic artery. The origin of 
other varies. The £chancrure ethmo'idale of the os 
frontis receives the ethmoid bones. The Ethmoi- 
dal veins correspond to the arteries. 
ETHMOSYNE, Habit. 
ETHMYPHE, Cellular tissue. 
ETHMYPHI'TIS, Infamma'tio tela cellulo'sa, 
from ndpos, 'a sieve,' 'v<pn, 'texture,' and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cel- 
lular membrane. ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS 
ETHMYPHOTYLOSIS, Induration of the cel- 
lular tissue. 
ETHOS, Habit. 
ETHULE, CYANURET OF, either. 
E TIIUSE, JEthusa cynapium-e. Meum, JEthu- 
sa meum. 
ETHYLE, CHLORIDE 0 F, JEther muri- 
aticus. 
ETIOLA'TION, Blanching, (F.) Etiolement. 
That state of plants which occurs in consequence 
of privation of light, when they become pale and 
watery. In pathology, it is sometimes used to 
denote the paleness produced in those persons 
who have been kept long without light; or a 
similar paleness, the result of chronic disease. 
ETIOLEMENT, Etiolation. 
ETIOLOGY, AStiologia. 
ETIQUETTE, MEDICAL, Deontology, me- 
dical. 
ETISE, Hectisis-e. Mesenterique, Tabes me- 
senteries. 
ETOILE, Stella. 
ETONNEE, Stunned, x 
ETOUFFEMENT, Suffocation. 
ETOURDISSEMENT, Vertigo. 
ETRANGLEMENT, Strangulation, Hysteria 
-A des Intestins, Enteremphraxis. 
ETRIER, Stapes. 
ETRON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
ETRON'CUS, from yrpov, 'the lower belly,' 
and oyicos, ' a tumour.' A tumour of the lower 
ETUVE, Stove-e. -Humtrfe, Bath, vapour. 
ETUVER, to Foment. 
EU, ev, ' good, proper,' when prefixed to words. 
Hence: 
EUJE'MIA, from tv, 'well,' and 'aiya, 'blood.' 
A good condition of the blood. 
EUJESTHE'SIA, from ev, 'well,' and aiadyais, 
' perception.' Vigorous perception. A good con- 
dition of the perceptive faculties. 
EUJESTHE'TOS. Same etymon. One whose 
senses are in full vigour. 
EUANALEP'SIS, from ev, 'good,' and ava- 
'recovery.' Rapid restoration to strength. 
EUANTHEMON, Anthemis nobilis. 
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA, see Kino. 
EUCHRCE'A, from tv, 'good,' and xpoia, 'co- 
lour.' A good or healthy colour of the skin. A 
good appearance of the surface. 
EUCHYM'IA, from ev, 'well,' and xypos, 
'juice.' A good state of the humours. 
EUCRA'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and Kpaaif, 'tem- 
perament.' A good temperament. 
EUDIAPNEUS'TIA, from tviiairvtvarot, 'one 
who breathes well.' Easy transpiration. 
EUF.CTICA (medicina) Gymnastics. 
EUEL'CES, from tv, 'well,' and 'c\ko$, 'an 
ulcer.' One in whom wounds and ulcers are 
readily healed. 
EU'EMES, EuSm'etos, from ev, 'well,' and 
tytb>, ' I vomit.' That which readily excites 
vomiting. One who vomits with facility. 
EUETHES, Benign. 
EUEX'IA, from ev, 'well,' and 'sfu, 'constitu- 
tion.' A good constitution. 
EUFRAISE, Euphrasia officinalis. 
EUGE'NIA CARYOPHYLLA'TA, called after 
Prince Eugene. Garrophyl'lns, Caryophyl'lns aro- 
mat'icus. Myrtus caryophyl'lns. The Indian tree 
which affords the clove. Order, Myrtaceae. The 
Clove, Caryophyl'lns, C. aromat'icus, is the unex- 
pended bud, (F.) Girojle, Girojle, Girophle. Its 
344 
EUPATORIUM 
odour is strong, aromatic, and peculiar; taste, 
pungent and acrid. Like all substances, whose 
virtue depends upon essential oil, it is stimulant 
and carminative. It is generally used as a cor- 
rigent to other remedies, and in cases where sub- 
stances containing the essential oils are.demanded. 
The oil, (F.) Huile de Gtrofle-Oleum caryophyl' - 
li, Oil of Cloves-has the properties of the cloves. 
EUGION, Hymen. 
EULOPHIA, see Salep. 
EUNUCH, Ewnu'chus, from cvvn, 'the bed,' 
and 'I keep.' Hemian'drus, Hemianor, He- 
mianthro'pus, Semimas, Semimas'cuius, Semivir, 
Thla'dias, Thla'sias, Thlib'ias, Castra'tus, Gallus, 
Excastra'tus, Evira'tus, Emascula'tus, Spado, Ex- 
sec'tus, Extesticulu'tus, Extom'ius, Sem'ivir, Semi- 
mascula'tus. One whose organs of generation 
have been removed, or so altered, that he is ren- 
dered incapable of reproducing his species, or of 
exercising the act of venery. Eunuchs were 
common with the ancient Romans. In Italy, 
this horrible mutilation still takes place to im- 
prove the voice; and in the East, eunuchs have 
the surveillance of the seraglio. 
EUNUCHISMUS, Castration. 
EUNUCIIIUM MECONIS, Lettuce. 
EUNUCHUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
EUODES, Beneolentia. 
EUONYMUS, Quassia simarouba. 
Euon'ymus America'nus, Strawberry bush, 
Strawberry tree, Burning bush, Indian arrow- 
wood. A shrub of the Nat. Ord. Celastracem, 
Sex. Syst. Pentandria monogynia, which, like 
the next, is found throughout the United States 
and Canada; flowering from May to June. 
Euon'ymus Atropurpu'reus, Burning bust, 
Spindle tree, Indian Arrow wood, flowers from 
June to July. 
From these varieties of Euonymus the Wahoo 
or Whahoo bark is said to be obtained. It is diu- 
retic, antiperiodic, tonic, and a hydragogue ca- 
thartic, and has been used in dropsy in infusion, 
in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water. 
EUPATHI'A, Euphor'ia, from tv, 'well,' and 
raSoj, ' suffering.' A disposition for being affected 
by pain easily. Also, a good state of health. 
EUPATOIRE D'AVICENNE, Eupatorium 
cannabinum-e. Percefeuille, Eupatorium perfo- 
liatum. 
EUPATORIUM, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
Eupato'rium Ageratoi'des, JOite Snakeroot; 
indigenous; flowering in August and September; 
has the same properties as Eupatorium perfo- 
liatum. 
Eupato'rium Cannab'inum, called after Mi- 
thridates Eupator, Eupato'rium, E. Aral'icum 
seu Japon'icum seu trifolia'twm, Cannab'ina 
aquat'ica, Hemp agrimony, Eupatorium of Avi- 
cenna, Herb of Saint Cunegonde, Trifo'lium cer- 
vi'num, Orig'anum aquat'icum, (F.) Eupatoire 
d'Avicenne. Family, Synanthereae; Sex. Syst. 
Syngenesia asqualis. The juice of this plant 
proves violently emetic and purgative, if taken 
in sufficient quantity. It has been considered 
diuretic, cathartic and emetic. 
Eupatorium Connatum, E. perfoliatum - e. 
Guaco, Guaco-e. Japonicum, E. Cannabinum- 
e. Mesues, Achillea ageratum. 
Eupatorium Perfolia'tum, E. Conna'tvm, 
Eupatorium.-(Ph. U. S.) (F.) Eupatoire perce- 
feuille ; Boneset, Thor'oughwort, Thor'oughstem, 
Thor'ougwax, Vegetable antimony, Crosswort, 
Agueweed, Feverwort, Indian sage, Joe-pye, Teazel, 
Sweating plant, is a plant which grows in low, 
wet meadows throughout the United States. It 
is considered to be stimulating, tonic, emetic, pur- EUPEPSIA 
gative, diuretic, and sudorific. Dose, gr. xv. of 
the powder, as a gentle purgative. 
Eupatorium, Purple-stalked, E. purpureum. 
Eupatorium Purpu'reum, Mohawk tassel, 
Purple-stalked Eupato'rium, Trumpet weed, is 
used in similar cases, as well as 
Eupatorium Sessilifo'lium, Upland Boneset, 
and 
Eupatorium Teucrifo'lium, Wild horehound, 
Germander-leaned horehound. 
Eupatorium Trifoliatum, E. Cannabinum. 
EUPEP'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and ttiittw, 'I di- 
gest.' A good digestion. The antithesis to dys- 
pepsia. 
EUPEP'TIC, Eupep'tus, Eupep'ticus. Same 
etymon. Relating to a good digestion. One en- 
dowed with a good digestion. 
EUPIILO'GIA, from cv, 'well,' and 'I 
burn.' Mild inflammation. Variola. 
EU'PHONY, Eupho'nia, from tv, 'well,' and 
fywvri, 'voice.' An agreeable or regular voice. 
EUPHORBE CYPRES, E. cyparissias- e. 
des Marais, E. palustris-e. Vomitive, E. ipecac- 
uanha. 
EUPHOR'BIA CAPITA'TA, Caa cica. Ord. 
Euphorbiaceae. A Brazilian plant, which is 
strongly astringent and not poisonous. It is 
considered to be one of the best remedies for the 
bites of serpents. It is, also, called Colubri'na 
Lusitan'ica. 
Euphorbia Corolla'ta, Large flowering 
spurge, Milkweed, Snakes' milk, Ipecacuan'ha, 
Hippo, Picac, Ip'ecac, Milk purslain, Purge root, 
Emet'ic root, Bowman's root, Apple root, Indian 
Physic, has similar properties to the last. The 
dose of the root is the same. 
Euphorbia Cvparis'sias, Es'ula minor seu 
Cyparissias, Euphor'bia Cypresti'na, Tithym'- 
alus Cyparis'sia. The Cypress spurge, (F.) Eu- 
phorbe cypres. This, like most of the spurges, 
is very acrimonious. Amongst the rustics, it 
was formerly called poor man's rhubarb, and was, 
consequently, a laxative. It is not used. 
Euphorbia Cypressina, E. Cyparissais. 
Euphorbia Hypericifo'lia. A native of the 
United It is astringent and tonic. Used 
in infusion-f3ss to Oj of boiling water. Dose, 
a tablespoonfuL 
Euphorbia Ipecacuan'ha, Anisophyllum Ipe- 
cacuanha, Ipecacuanha spurge, (F.) Euphorbe 
vomitive. This species of spurge is common in 
the southern and middle parts of the United 
States. The root is a powerful emetic, in the 
dose of from five to fifteen grains: twenty grains 
act as a cathartic likewise. In large doses, it acts 
as a narcotico-acrid. 
Euphorbia Lath'yris. The systematic name 
of the plant which affords the lesser catapu'tia 
seeds, Catapu'tia minor, Caper spurge, Lath'yris, 
Gar'den spurge, Caper plant, Mole-plant, Ti- 
thym'alus lat'ifo'lius seu la'thyris, Galarhoe'us 
Lath'yris. The seeds possess cathartic properties, 
and an expressed oil of the seeds- O'leum Eu- 
phor'bice Lathyr'idis - has been given as a ca- 
thartic in the dose of six to twelve drops. 
Euphorbia Officina'rum. The systematic 
name ot the plant which affords the Euphorbium, 
Euphorbia gummi-resi'na, Gummi euphorbia, in 
greatest abundance. The euphorbium is an in- 
odorous gum-resin, in yellow tears, which have 
the appearance of being worm-eaten. It enters 
into the composition of some plasters, and has 
been used as an errhine. 
Euphorbia Palus'tris,27. panicida'ta, 
Greater spurge, Es'ula major, Tithym'alus pains'- 
tris, Galarhoe'us pains'tris, Marsh spurge, (F.) 
Euphorbe des marais. The juice is given, in 
345 
EUSTACHIAN 
Russia, as a common purge. It is used, too, as 
an irritant in tinea, warts, &c. 
Euphorbia Palustris and E. Villosa, or E. 
Pilo'sa have been brouglit forward as preven- 
tives of hydrophobia - the bitten part being 
washed with a decoction, and, at the same time, 
the decoction being taken internally. 
Euphorbia Paniculata, E. palustris. 
Euphorbia Paral'ias, Tithym'alus paralias, 
Sea spurge. This is violently cathartic 
tating, and is seldom used'. 
Euphorbia Pilosa, see Euphorbia palustris- 
e. Villosa, see Euphorbia palustris. 
yST' All the spurges are vesicant and rubefa- 
cient, when applied externally. 
EUPHORBIUM, Euphorbia officinarum. 
EUPHORIA, Eupathia. 
EUPHRAGIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
EUPHRA'SIA, E. Offi cina'lis seu Min'ima seu 
Imbriea'ta, Ocula'ria, Euphra'gia, Oplithal'mica, 
Eyebright, (F.) Eufraise, Casse-Lunette. It has 
been recommended in diseases of the eye, but is 
unworthy of notice. « 
EUPLAS'TIC, Euplas'ticus: from tv, ' well,' 
and irXa<r<rw, ' I form.' Having the capacity of 
becoming organizable in a high degree, - as in 
false membranes resulting from acute inflamma- 
tion in a healthy person. 
EUPLEURUM SERRULATUM, Diosma cre- 
nata. 
EUPNCE'A, from tv, 'well,' and irvtw, 'I re- 
spire.' Freedom or facility of respiration. 
EURIIYTH'MIA, from tv, 'well,' and pv3posf 
'rhythm.' Regularity of the pulse. 
EURIBALI, Juribali. 
EURODES, Carious. 
EURODON'TICUS, from tvpos, 'caries,' and 
obovs, ' a tooth.' Suffering from carious teeth. 
EURUS, tvpvi, 'mould, putrefaction,' J/ucor, 
Caries. Corruption of the humours. 
EURYCHORIA, Sinus. 
EURYCLES, Engastrimyth. 
EURYCLITUS, Engastrimyth. 
EURYSMUS, Dilatation. 
EURYTH'MIA, Euryth'mus, from tv, 'well,' 
and pv0/jo{, 'rhythm.' Regularity of pulse, both 
as regards quantity and quality. 
EUSAR'CUS, from tv, well,' and capf, 'flesh.' 
One who is fleshy, robust, muscular. 
EUSEMI'A, from cu, 'well,' and atjptiov, 'a 
sign.' A collection of good signs. 
E USPL AN CH'N I A, from tv, 'well,' and 
'a viscus.' A healthy state of the 
viscera. 
EUSTA'CIIIAN TUBE, Tuba Eustachia'na, 
Syrin'ga, Syrinx, Mea'tus ccecus, Tuba AristoteV- 
tca, Ductus auris palati'nus, Iter a Pala'to ad 
Anrem, (F.) Trompe ou Conduit d'Eustache, Con- 
duit guttural de I'oreille-(Ch. This tube was so 
called from its discoverer, Eustaehius. It is 
partly bony and partly cartilaginous: extending 
from the cavity of the tympanum to the upper 
part of the pharynx. Its length is about two 
inches; the bony portion which belongs to the 
temporal bone, is about three-fourths of an inch 
long. It is lined, internally, by a prolongation 
of the lining membrane of the pharynx. Its 
nerves are furnished by the palatin branches of 
the ganglion of Meckel, and its vessels proceed 
from those of the pharynx and velum pendulum. 
The use of the tube seems to be, to permit the 
renewal of air in the cavity of the tympanum. 
Eusta'chian Valve, Valve of Eusta'chius, 
Valvule d'Eustachi ou d'Eustache. A membra- 
nous, semilunar fold, which corresponds to the 
opening of the vena cava inferior into the right 
auricle of the heart. EUSTHENIA 
EUSTHENI'A, Vigor, Exuberan'tia, from tv, 
'well,' and afcvos, 'strength.' Flourishing, exu- 
berant health.-Hippocrates. 
EUSTOM'ACHUS, from tv, 'well,' and <rro- 
'stomach.' Digesting rapidly. Having a 
good stomach. 
EUTAX'IA, from tv, 'well,' and ravo-w, 'I ar- 
range.' Euthe'sia. A well-ordered constitution, 
in which every part has its proper relation. The 
ready return of a rupture, or of a luxated bone. 
EUTHANA'SIA, from tv, 'well,' and Oavarosi 
' death.' An easy death. 
EUTHESIA, Eutaxia. 
EUTHYENTERON, Rectum. 
EUTHYENTEROSTENOMA, Stricture of the 
Rectum. 
EUTHYM'IA, An'imi tranquil'litas, from tv, 
' well,' and 3vyos, ' mind.' Tranquillity of mind. 
A good state of the mental faculties. 
EUTHYPNOE, Orthopnoea. 
EUTHYPNCEA, Orthopnoea. 
EUTOC'IA, from £v,'well,' and tokos, 'delivery.' 
An easy labour. Fecundity. 
EUTROPH'IA, from tv, 'well,' and 
' nourishment.' A good state of nutrition. 
EUTROPH'IC, Eutroph'icus, same etymon. A 
term introduced into medical terminology, by the 
author, for an agent whose action is exerted on 
the system of nutrition, without necessarily oc- 
casioning manifest increase of any of the secre- 
tions. 
The chief eutrophics are,-mercurials, the pre- 
parations of iodine, bromine, cod liver oil, the 
preparations of gold and silver, sulphur, sugar, 
and sarsaparilla. 
EUZOODYNAMIA, Sanitas. 
EVAC'UANTS, Evacuan'tia, from e, and va- 
cuare, 'to empty.' (F.) £vacuatifs. Medicines 
are so called which occasion a discharge by some 
emunctory ; such as purgatives, emetics, &c. 
E VA OU A TIFS, E vacuants. 
EVACUATIO, Evacuation, Excretion. 
EVACUA'TION. Same etymon. The dis- 
charge of any matter whatever by the natural 
passages or by an artificial opening. 
EVANOUISSEMENT, Syncope. 
EVAN ROOT, Geum Virginianum. 
EVAPORA'TION, Evapora'tio, Vapora'tio, 
Exhala'tio, from e, and vaporare, ' to emit a va- 
pour.' Transformation of a liquid into vapour, 
in order to obtain the fixed matters contained in 
It dry and separate from the liquid. When the 
vapour is received in a proper vessel and con- 
densed, the process is called distillation. Evapo- 
ration produces cold, and this is one of the pro- 
cesses by which the body is cooled, through the 
evaporation of the perspiratory fluid. 
EVAUX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Evaux 
is situate in Auvergne, in France. The waters 
are hydrosulphurous and thermal. 
EV ENTRA'TION, Eventra'tio, Hypogastro- 
vix'is, from e, 'out of,' and venter, 'the belly.' A 
tumour, formed by a general relaxation of the 
parietes of the abdomen, and containing a great 
part of the abdominal viscera. Also, ventral 
hernia, or that which occurs in any other way 
than through the natural openings of the abdo- 
minal parietes. Lastly, any very extensive wound 
of the abdominal parietes, with issue of the greater 
part of the intestines. 
EVEN'TUS, from e, 'out of,* and venire, 'to 
come.' Apobai'non, Apobesom'enon, Ecbesom'- 
enon, Termina'tio morbi. The event or issue of a 
disease, either favourable or unfavourable. 
EVERLASTING, DHECIOUS, Antennaria 
dioica. 
346 
EXAMBLOSIS 
EVERRIC'ULUM, Specil'lum. A sort of 
sound or scoop, used for extracting sand or frag- 
ments of stone or clots of blood from the bladder, 
after or during the operation of lithotomy. 
EVERSIO PALPEBR2E, Ectropion. 
EVIGILATION, see Sleep. 
EVIL, THE, Scrofula-e. King's, Scrofula. 
EVIRATIO, Castration. 
EVIRATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
EVISCERATION, Exenterismus. 
EVOLUTIO, Development - e. Spontanea, 
Evolution, spontaneous. 
EVOLU'TION, SPONTA'NEOUS, Fer'st'oseu 
Evolu'tio sponta'nea, from e, and volvere, ' to roll.' 
Spontaneous ver'aion, Spontaneous expid'sion, 
Duplication of the foetus. A term, applied, by 
Dr. Denman, to what he considered to be a spon- 
taneous turning of the fcetus in utero, in an arm 
presentation, in consequence of powerful uterine 
contractions forcing out the breech and feet, whilst 
the arm recedes. It is now usually considered 
to be a doubling of the fcetus, so that the arm 
changes its position but little, whilst the breech 
is forcibly expelled before the upper extremity; 
-the case becoming similar to a breech presen- 
tation. 
Evolution, Vesicle of, Vesicle of develop- 
ment. 
EVOMITIO, Vomiting. 
EVONYMUS, Euonymus. 
E VUL'SION, Avulsion, Evul'sio, from evellere, 
(e. and vellere,) ' to pluck out.' Apotil'mos, Ec- 
til'mos, Tilmos. The action of plucking out; 
forcible extraction. (F.) Arrachement. This 
word is oftener used by the French than by the 
English surgeons, for the act of extracting certain 
parts, the presence of which is injurious,-as the 
teeth, Ac. 
EX MARIBUS, Castratus. 
EXACERBATIO, Exacerbation, Paroxysm. 
EXACERBA'TION, Exacerba'tio, Exaspera'- 
tio, Excrescen'tia, from exacerbare, (ex, and acer- 
bus,) 'to provoke.' (F.) Ridoublement. An in- 
crease in the symptoms of a disorder. Often used 
synonymously with paroxysm. 
EXACUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
EXjEMATOSIS, Haematosis. 
EXJEMIA, Anaemia. 
EX2EMOS, Exanguious. 
EXtE'RESIS, from rf, 'out of,' and aipew, 'I 
take away.' A surgical operation, which consists 
in drawing, extracting, or removing, from the 
human body, every thing that is useless, noxious, 
or extraneous. It is a generic term, which in- 
cludes extraction, evulsion, evacuation, excision, 
ablation, amputation, Ac. 
Extraction. 
EXAGION. The sixth part of an ounce:- 
four scruples.-Actuarius. 
EXAGGERATED, Exaggera'tus, (F.)Exag(rt. 
Heightened. Increased by expression. An epi- 
thet for sounds heard on auscultation and per- 
cussion; when much increased - Hypereche'sis, 
Hypereche'ma. 
EXAL'MA, from tf, out of,' and aXhopai, 'I 
leap.' Exalsis. Hippocrates calls thus the dis- 
placement of the vertebrae. 
EXALSIS, Exalma, Leap. 
EXALTA'TION OF THE VITAL FORCES, 
Exalta'tio vi'rium. This expression has been 
used, by modern pathologists, to designate a 
morbid increase in the action of organs, and 
partly that which occurs in an inflamed organ. 
Some use exaltation of the vital forces, and in- 
flammation, synonymously. 
EXAMBLOMA, Abortion. 
EXAMBLOSIS, Abortion. EXAMEN 
EX'AMEN RIGORO'SUM. 'Rigorous exa- 
mination.' An examination of a Candidate for 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the Prussian 
Universities, which, like the Tentamen medicum, 
is conducted in Latin, and takes place before the 
medical faculty on all branches of medicine. 
EXANASTOMOSIS, Anastomosis. 
EXANASTROPHE, Convalescence. 
EXANGI'A, from (tf, and ayyof, 'a 
vessel,') ' I evacuate from a vessel.' Exangei'a. 
An enlargement or rupture of a blood-vessel, 
without external opening. A genus in the order 
Dysthetica, class Hamatica of Good. It com- 
prises aneurism and varix. 
Exangia Aneurisma, Aneurism. 
EXAN'GUIOUS, Exee'mos, Exsan'guis, from 
ex, out of,' and sanguis, 'blood.' One who seems 
bloodless; as a female, who has suffered largely 
from uterine hemorrhage. 
EXANIA, Proctocele. 
EXANIMA'TION, Exanima'tio, from ex, 'out 
of,' and anima, ' the spirit.' This word has two 
acceptations. Sometimes, it means real death, 
corresponding with the Greek Savarot, mors. At 
others, it signifies apparent death, corresponding 
with the Greek ckXvois, Ani'mi 
deli'quium. 
EXAN'THEM, Exanthe'ma, Anthe'ma erup'tio, 
Epanthe'ma, Efflorescen'tia, Exanthis'ma, Ecthy'- 
ma, Epanaste' ma, Epanthe'ma, Epanthis'ma, Ef- 
jiora'tio, from (tf, and avOcia,) 'I flourish.' 
A rash. (F.) Elevure. Under this term, is com- 
prehended, by some, every kind of eruption, of 
which the skin is the seat. Others comprehend 
by it those eruptions that are accompanied by 
fever, Febres exanthemat'icee: including, under 
the head of the major exanthemata, those which 
attack a person but once in his life, and which 
are communicated by specific contagion ; and, 
under the minor exanthemata, those which are 
not marked by these characteristics. Small-pox, 
measles, cow-pox, Ac., belong to the major:- 
chicken-pox, herpes, lichen, Ac., to the minor. 
The general acceptation of Exanthem is, how- 
ever, a more or less vivid, circumscribed, or dif- 
fuse redness of the skin, which diminishes or 
disappears transiently under the pressure of the 
finger. 
Exanthem, Carbuncular. Anthracia-e. Icho- 
rous, Emphlysis - e. Pustulous, Empyesis - e. 
Rash, Enanthesis. 
EXANTHEMA, Eminence-e. Internum, Eis- 
anthema. 
Exanthe'ma Iod'icum. An eruption of dark- 
red definite spots, of various sizes, spreading over 
the whole body, without the formation of scales, 
and disappearing only after a long time, which 
seems to be produced occasionally by the use of 
iodine. 
Exanthema Miliaria, Miliary fever-e. Pes- 
tis, Plague,-e. Antivariolosum, Vaccina-e. Se- 
rosum, Pemphigus-e. Strophulus, Strophulus- 
e. Urticatum, Urticaria-e. Vaccina, Vaccina-e. 
Varicella, Varicella. 
EXANTHEMAT'ICA. Same etymon. Erup'- 
tive fevers. Cutaneous eruptions, essentially ac- 
companied with fever; - the third order in the 
class Hcrmatica of Good. 
EXANTHEMATIS'CHESIS, Exanthemata*'- 
chesis, from 'exanthem,' and 'to 
withhold.' Suppression of a cutaneous eruption. 
from d-avOrgia, ' exanthem,* and Xoyos, ' a dis- 
course.' The doctrine of cutaneous eruptions. 
EX ANTHEM ATOPHTHAL'MIA, 
ia exanthemat' ica, from tjavOrjpa, ' exanthem,' 
and oipOaXyia, ' inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
347 
EXCITATION 
thalmia in the course of, or succeeding to, a cu- 
taneous eruption. 
EXANTHEME INTESTINALE, see Ty- 
phus. 
EXANTHESIS, see Efflorescence-e. Arthro- 
sia, Dengue, - e. Roseola, Roseola-e. Rubeola, 
Rubeola. 
EXANTHISMA, Exanthem. 
EXANTHROPIA, Misanthropia. 
EXAPSIS, Inflammation. 
EXARAG'MA, from cfapacrtru, 'I tear away,* 
'I break.' Collision, violent fracture or friction. 
EXARCHIA'TER. Chief of the arehiatri or 
chief of physicians, a title, like that of Comes Ar- 
chiatro'rum, given to the chief physician of an 
emperor or king. Archiater appears to have 
meant, at times, the same thing. 
EXARMA, Swelling. 
EXAR'SIO. A burning heat. 
EXARTEMA, Amuletum. 
EXARTERI'TIS, Exarterii'tis, from 'out 
of,' and arteria, 'an artery.' Inflammation of 
the outer coat of an artery. 
EXARTHREMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
EXARTIIROMA, Luxation. 
EXARTHROSIS, Luxatio, Sprain-e. Pareti- 
ca, see Pareticus. 
EXARTICULATIO, Amputation, joint, 
Luxatio. 
EXARYSIS, Exhaustion. 
EXASPIRATIO, Exacerbation. 
EXC2ECARIA AGALLOCHA, Agallocnum. 
EXCALEFACTIO, Echauffement. 
EXCARNA'TION, Excarna'tio, from ex, and 
caro, ' flesh.' A mode of making anatomical pre- 
parations, which consists in separating injected 
vessels from the parts in which they are situate. 
This is done by means of corrosion by an acid or 
by putrefaction. 
EXCASTRATIO, Castration, Eunuch. 
EXCATHISMA, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
EXCEREBRATIO, Eccephalosis. 
EXCEREBRATUS, Delirious. 
EXCERNENT, Secreting. 
EXCIDENTIA, Ecptoma. 
EXCIP'IENT, Excip'iens, from excipere, (ex, 
and capere,) 'to receive.' (F.) Intermide. A 
substance, which, in a medicinal prescription, 
gives form and consistence to it, and serves as a 
vehicle or medium for the exhibition of the other 
ingredients. 
EXCIPULA, Cup. 
EXCISIO, Entaille. 
EXCIS'ION, Excis'io, from excidere, (ex, and 
ccedere,) 'to cut off.' Ec'tome. A surgical opera- 
tion, by which parts of a small size are removed 
with a cutting instrument. 
EXCITABIL'ITY, ExcitabiVitas. Irritability. 
The faculty, possessed by living beings, of being 
sensible to the action of excitants. The doctrine 
of excitability forms an important part of the 
Brunonian system. 
EXCITANT, Stimulant. 
EXCITA'TION, Excita'tio, Excite'ment; same 
etymon; from excitare, (ex, and citare,) 'to ex- 
cite.' The act of exciting ; the state of an organ 
or organs excited. Excitement is, sometimes, 
used synonymously with augmented arterial 
action. The effect of the exciting powers acting 
on the excitability, according to Brown, consti- 
tutes excitement. Cullen used the term to express 
the restoration of the energy and action of the 
brain, which had been interrupted by sleep or 
some debilitating cause,-a state opposite, to that 
of collapse. Not unfrequently it is employed in 
the sense of excessive action, - Super-exeita'tio 
(F.) Sur-excitatu>n. EXCITED DISEASES 
EXCITED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
EXCITO-MOTION, see Excito-motory. 
EXCI'TO-MO'TORY. An epithet applied by 
Dr. Marshall Hall to a division of the nervous 
system-comprising the gray matter of the spinal 
marrow, with the afferent and efferent nerves con- 
nected with it; - all of which are concerned in 
reflex actions ; or those by which impressions are 
transmitted to a centre, and reflected so as to 
produce muscular contraction without sensation 
or volition. See Nerves. 
The term excito-motion has also been employed 
to signify motion no matter how excited, by the 
reflex nerves or by volition-C. J. B. Williams. 
EXCORIATIO, Ecdora. 
EXCORIA'TION, Excoria'tio, Excoriatu'ra, 
Am'yche, from ex, and corium, 'skin.' (F.) Ecor- 
chure. A slight wound, which removes only the 
skin. 
EXCORIATURA, Excoriation. 
EXCREA'TION, Excrea'tio, Exscrea'tio, 
Screa'tus, Rasca'tio, from ex, and screare, 'to 
spit.' Act of spitting. (F.) Orachement. See 
Exspuitio. 
EX'CREMENT, Excremen'tum, Retrimen'tum, 
Excre'tum, Excre'tio, Perito'ma, Jfliaehore'ma, 
Aph'odos, Aphodeu'ma, Apocho'reon, Apoc'risis, 
Ardas, Ar'dalos, from excernere, (ex, and cernere,) 
'to separate,' 'cleanse.' Every thing, which is eva- 
cuated from the body of an animal by the natural 
emunctories, as superfluous; such as the fiecal 
matters, the urine, perspiration, nasal mucus, &c. 
Generally, however, the term is restricted to the 
fecal evacuations ;-Purgamenta, Hedra, Sedes, 
Faces, Stercus, Cacce, Spat'ile, (especially when 
liquid,) Dejec'tio alvi'na, O'nera alvi, Sordes ven- 
tris, Hypochore' ma, Coe'lia, Hypochore'sis, Merda, 
Merdus, Catarrhex'is, Copros, Scor. 
Excrement, Human, Stercus humanum. 
EXCREMENTIT"IAL, Excrementit"ious, Ex- 
crementit" ius, (F.) Excrementeux, Excrimentitiel. 
That which is similar to excrement, and forms 
part of it. Excrementitial humours or parts are 
those destined to be evacuated as incapable of 
administering to the nutrition of the body. 
EXCREMEN'TO-RECREMENTIT"IAL,E'x- 
cremento - recrementit"ious. Animal fluids, in- 
tended to be partly absorbed and partly rejected. 
EXCRES'CENCE, Excrescen'tia, Ecphy'ma, 
Phymato'sis, Hypersarco' sis, Sarcophy'ia, Caro 
excres'cens, from excrescere, (ex, and crescere,) 
'to grow outwards.' (F.) Excroissance. A tu- 
mour, which forms at the surface of organs, and 
especially on the skin, mucous membranes, or 
ulcerated surfaces. Excrescences differ in size, 
shape, cause, <fcc., and each requires its own 
treatment. Warts, condylomata, polypi, hemor- 
rhoids, belong to this head. 
EXCRESCENTIA, Exacerbation, Protube- 
rance, Tumour-e. Carnosa, Sarcoma-e. Fun- 
gosa, Fungosity-e. Gingivae, Epulis-e. Vesicas 
urinarfe carnosa, Cysthypersarcosis. 
EXCRETA, see Excretion. 
EXCRETIO, Excretion, Excrement-e. Alvi- 
na, Defecation-e. Faecum alvinarum, Defecation 
-e. Urinae involuntaria, Enuresis. 
EXCRE'TION, Excre'tio, Ec'crisis, Evacua'- 
tio, Ejee'tio, Expul'sio, Eges'tio, Diachore'sis, 
from excernere, (ex, and cernere,) 'to separate.' 
The separation or throwing off of those matters, 
Excre'ta, Eyes'ta, lon'ta, Apion'ta, from the body 
of an animal, which are supposed to be useless, 
as the urine, perspiration, and feces. 
EX'CRETORY, Excreto'rius; same etymon. 
An Excretory vessel or duct is one which trans- 
mits the fluid secreted by a gland, either exter- 
nally or into the reservoirs into which it has to 
be deposited. The existence of an excretory 
348 
EXFOLIATIVE 
duct was regarded as a distinctive character of 
the glands properly so called. 
Excretory Organ means any one charged 
with the office of excreting: thus, the skin is 
said to be an excretory organ, because through 
it the perspiration takes place. 
EXCRETUM, Excrement. 
EXCR01SSAKCE, Excrescence. 
EXCU'TIA VENTRIC'ULI, Stomach Brush. 
An instrument, Composed of iron or brass wire, 
at one of the extremities of which is a pencil of 
bristles. Some ancient authors proposed this to 
extract foreign bodies from the oesophagus, as 
well as to cleanse the stomach of viscid and tena- 
cious matters adhering to it. 
EXECHEBRONCHUS, Bronchocele. 
EXECHEGLUTI, Exischioi. 
EXEDENS, see Herpes exedens. 
EXELCOSIS, see Ulceration. 
EXELCYS'MOS, from tf, 'from,' and chsvai, 
'I draw.' Extraction. Also the act of breaking 
out into ulcers. 
EXELCYSMUS, Extraction. 
EXENTERATION, Exenterismus. 
EXENTERIS'MUS, Exenter' isis, Exentera'- 
tio, Exentera'tion, Eviscera'tion, Unbow'elite <j, 
Viscera'tion, from c£, ' out of,' and tvrtpov, ' an 
intestine.' The operation of disembowelling or 
eviscerating. 
EXERA'MA, from eftpaw, 'I throw out.' Any 
thing cast out. Vomiting; or the matter vomited. 
-Hippocrates. 
EX'ERCISE, Exercita'tio, Exercit"ium, Asce'- 
sis, Gymna'sion, from exercere, ' to work.' Every 
motion of the body arising from the contraction 
of muscles subjected to the will. Also, the action 
of any organ whatever. Exercise may be active 
or passive. The passive are referred to, under 
the head of Gestation. The chief active exer- 
cises are:-walking, running, dancing, hunting, 
fencing, playing at ball, cricket, racket, quoits, 
swimming, declamation, singing, <fcc. Exercise 
is an important prophylactic, particularly for 
those disposed to be plethoric. It improves the 
digestion; augments the secretions; and, when 
used in moderation, gives strength to the body; 
but when carried to excess, produces debility and 
disease. 
EXERRHO'SIS, from «£, ' out of,' and ptw, ' I 
flow.' The discharge which takes place by in- 
sensible perspiration. 
EXPORTATION, see Pregnancy. 
EXFOLIA'TION, Exfolia'tio, Desquama'tio, 
Eclep'isis, from ex, and folium, ' a leaf.' By this 
is meant the separation of the dead portions of a 
bone, tendon, aponeurosis, or cartilage, under the 
form of lamellae or small scales. Exfoliation is 
accomplished by the instinctive action of the 
parts, and its object is to detach the dead por- 
tions from those subjacent, which are still alive. 
For this purpose the latter throw out fleshy gra- 
nulations, and a more or less abundant suppura- 
tion occurs, which tends to separate the exfoli- 
ated part, - now become an extraneous body. 
The ancients distinguished exfoliation into sensi- 
ble and insensible, according as the dead portions 
of bone were detached in fragments of greater or 
less size, or in very thin pieces, and in an almost 
insensible manner. When the dead part em- 
braces all or almost all the substance of a bone, 
it takes the name Sequestrum. 
EXFO'LIATIVE, Exfoliati'vus, Desquamato'- 
rius. That which takes away by leaves or scales. 
The torm has been applied to certain medicines, 
which were regarded as proper to hasten exfo- 
liation, such as alcohol, oil of turpentine, tincture 
of myrrh, &c. 
Exfo'liative Trepan, Eclepisitrep'anum. An EXHALAISON 
ancient raspatory, or instrument for scraping ex- 
foliating portions of bone. 
EXHALAISON, Exhalation. 
EXHA'LANT, Exha'lent, Exha'lana, from ex- 
halare, (ex, and halare, 'to breathe,') 'to exhale,' 
'throw out.' 
Exhalant Vessels, Vaaa exhalan'tia, are 
very minute, and rise from the arterial capillary 
system. They are situate in every tissue of the 
body, and on the surface of the mucous and se- 
rous membranes and skin ; on which each pours 
its particular fluid. Bichat distinguished three 
sets. 1. The external, terminating on the mucous 
and external dermoid system, where they pour 
the matter of perspiration. 2. The internal, com- 
prising those of the areolar and medullary tis- 
sues, and of synovial surfaces; and, 3. The nutri- 
tive exhalanta, which vary in each organ where 
they are found, and preside over the phenomena 
of composition and increase of every part of the 
body. The exhalants are the antagonists of the 
absorbents. They are imaginary vessels, inas- 
much as they cannot be detected. 
EXHALATIO, Evaporation. 
EXHALA'TION, Exhala'tio; same etymon. 
Anathymi'aaia, Apopneu'aia, (F.) Exhalaiaon. A 
function, by virtue of which certain fluids, ob- 
tained from the blood, are spread, in the form of 
dew, in the areolae of the different textures, or at 
the surface of membranes ; either for the sake of 
being thrown out of the body, or to serve certain 
purposes. The sweat is a liquid, excrement itioua 
exhalation; the serous fluid of the pleura, a 
liquid, recrementitioua exhalation. 
Exhalation is, also, applied to that which ex- 
hales from any body whatever, organic or inor- 
ganic, dead or living. 
Exhalation, Pulmonary, see Perspiration. 
EXIIAUS'TION, Exar'yaia, Virea exhaiiat'ce, 
from exhaurire, (ex, and haurire,) ' to draw out.' 
(F.) Epuiaaemcnt. Loss of strength, occasioned 
by excessive evacuations, great fatigue or priva- 
tion of food, or by disease. 
EXHIL'ARANT, Exhil'arana, from ex, and 
hilaro, ' I make merry.' An agent that exhila- 
rates or enlivens. 
EXHUMA'TION, Exhuma'tio, Effoa'aio, from 
ex, and humus, ' the ground.' The disinterment 
of a corpse. The circumstances which render 
this necessary are: - 1. Judicial investigations 
relative to the body of the person inhumed. 2. 
The removal of a body from one cemetery to 
another; and, 3. The evacuation of cemeteries 
or sepulchral vaults. The operation is attended 
with much unpleasant smell and annoyance, and 
requires the use of disinfecting agents, of which 
the most powerful is chlorinated lime. See Dis- 
infection. The putrid effluvia from animal sub- 
stances are not, however, found to excite endemic 
disease. 
EXIDIA AURICULA JUD2E, Peziza auricula. 
EXISCHIUM. Same etymon as the next. 
Prominence of the hips. 
EXIS'CIIIUS, Exia'chua, from tf, 'out of,' 
and ' the ischium.' A luxation of the os 
femoris. Those with large nates, and prominent 
hips, were formerly called Exia'chioi and Exeche- 
glu'ti. 
EXITU'RA. According to some, any abscess 
which discharges. Paracelsus calls thus every 
kind of putrid excrement. 
EX'ITUS, from exire, 'to go out.' The outer 
termination or exit of a canal. The termination 
of a disease. 
exoArteritis, see Arteritis. 
EXOCARDIAC, see Endocardiac. 
EXOCARDTAL, see Endoeardiac. 
EXOCARDITIS, Pericarditis. 
349 
EXOPHTHALMIA 
- 
EX'OCHAS, Ex'oche, from tfoi, 'without,' and 
' I have.' A soft tumour-as a hemorrhoid 
-without the anus. An outward pile. 
EXOCHE, Eminence, Exochas. 
EXOCHORION, see Chorion. 
EXOCOLITIS, see Colitis. 
EXOCULA'TIO, from ex, 'out of,' and oculus, 
'an eye.' Want of eyes. Want of vision. Blind- 
ness. 
EXOCYS'TE, Exocys'tis, from 'out of,' and 
kvo-tis, ' the bladder.' A prolapsus of the bladder 
into the urethra. Also called Prolap' sus vesi'cce, 
vesi'ca, (F.) Eenversement de la vessie. 
Exocys'te Noelia'na. Protrusion of the in- 
ner membrane of the bladder. So called from 
M. Noel, who first accurately described it. 
Exocys'te Solingenia'na. Protrusion of tho 
neck of the bladder. Called after M. Solingen, 
who first accurately described it. 
EXCEDESIS, Swelling. 
EXODIC, Efferent. 
EXOG"ENOUS, from tf, 'out of,' and yevvaw, 
'I engender.' A term first applied to plants - 
hence called Ex'ogens-in which the wood in- 
creases by annual additions to the outside. 
In animal anatomy, processes which shoot out 
from every part are termed exogenous. 
EXOGENS, see Exogenous. 
EXOGOGE, Extraction. 
EXOGONYAN'CON, from t£a», 'outwards,' 
yow, 'the knee,' and ayxuiv, 'an elbow.' Bowing 
of the knees outwards. 
EXOINE, Exolne, from ex, 'out of,' and ido- 
n.us, 'fit,' or rather from exonerare, 'to exone- 
rate.' In France, a certificate of excuse, exemp- 
tion, or dispensation, given to those summoned 
to appear before a court of justice, and who are 
unable to do so. 
EXOLCE, Extraction. 
EXOLUTION, Syncope. 
EXOMETRA, Prolapsus uteri. 
EXOMOIOSIS, Assimilation. 
EXOMPHALOCELE, Exomphalus. 
EXOM'PHALUS, Exumbilica'tio, Exom'pha- 
loce'le, Om'phaloce'le, Hernia umbilica'lis, 0>n- 
] dial ex'oche, Omphalopropto' sis, Prolap'sus umbi- 
li'ci, (F.) Hernie ombilicale, H. du nombril, Um- 
bilical hernia, from tf, 'out of,' and ogtpdXos, 'the 
navel.' Hernia occurring at the navel. This 
affection happens more frequently in infants, and 
takes place by the umbilical ring. In adults, it 
occurs more commonly in females than in males; 
and, when it does so, the sac passes in the vici- 
nity of the umbilicus. The organs, found in this 
kind of hernia, are particularly, - the epiploon, 
the jejunum, the arch of the colon, and some- 
times the stomach. The tumour is, in general, 
round, and presents all the characters of hernia. 
It is, commonly, readily reducible, and not sub- 
ject to strangulation. It must be reduced, and 
retained by an elastic bandage, made in the form 
of a girdle, and furnished with a pad at its middle 
part. When strangulated, the stricture may be 
divided upwards and towards the left side. 
EXONCO'MA, Exonco'sis, from e|, and o/koj, 
'a tumour.' A large, prominent tumour. Used, 
by Galen, for protuberance of the vertebrae after 
luxation. 
EXONCOSIS, Exoncoma - e. Linguae, Glos- 
soncus. 
EXONEIROGMUS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
EXONEIROSIS, Pollution, nocturnal. 
EXONEURISM, Magnetism, animal. 
EXOPIITHAL'MIA, Ptosis seu Prolap' sus seu 
Prociden'tia Oc'uli seu Bulbi Oculi, Exorbitis'- 
mus, Ophthalmoce'le, Ophthalmopto'sis, Oculi 
totius prominen'tia, from c£, 'out of,' and o-pSaX- 
yoi, 'eye.' (F.) Proeidence de Vail. A pro*ru- EXOPHTHALMUS 
Bion of the eye from its orbit, occasioned by an 
abscess or tumour in the areolar texture of the 
orbit; by exostosis of the parietes of the orbit, 
Ac. In exophthalmia, the eye is pressed for- 
wards ; the eyelids are raised and separated, so 
that they can no longer cover the eye and defend 
it from the action of extraneous bodies: it be- 
comes inflamed, and the sight is disturbed or de- 
stroyed. The treatment of course depends upon 
the cause. 
Exophthal'mia Fungo'sa, Sarcosis bulbi-e. 
Sarcomatica, Sarcosis bulbi. 
EXOPHTHALMUS, same etymon. One whose 
eyes are very prominent. The opposite to Coe- 
lophthalmus. 
EXORBITISMUS, Exophthalmia. 
EXORMIA, Papula-e. Lichen, Lichen - e. 
Prurigo, Prurigo-e. Strophulus, Strophulus. 
EXORTUS UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
EXOSIS, Luxation. 
EXO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
EXOSMA, from tf, 'out of,' and uOcw, 'to 
move.' A luxated or dislocated limb or organ. 
EXOSMOSE, Exosmo'sis, Transuda'tion, from 
t(, ' out of,' and woyjo;, ' impulse.' The opposite 
to Endosmose. The act by which substances 
transude from within to without an animal or 
other membrane. 
EXOSMOT'IC, Exosmot'icus: same etymon. 
Belonging to Exosmose: - as an exosmotic cur- 
rent. 
EXOSSATIO, Exostosis. 
EXOSTEMMA CARIBASA, Cinchonse cari- 
baese cortex. 
EXOSTOMA, Exostosis. 
EXOSTOSE, Exostosis - e. des Dents, Exos- 
tosis dentium-e. Sous-ungiale, see Subunguial. 
EXOSTO'SIS, Hyperosto'sis, Emphy'ma, Ex- 
osto'sis os'sea, Exosto'ma, Eposto'ma, Eposto'sis, 
Osteo'ma, Osto'ma, Osteoph'yta, Exossa'tio, Ossis 
Eminen'tia, (F.) Exostose, Osteophyte; from cf, 
'out of,' and oareov, 'a bone.' An osseous tu- 
mour, which forms at the surface of bones, or in 
their cavities. Various kinds have been enume- 
rated. I'vary Exosto'sis ; E. eburn (e ;- that 
which has the appearance and consistence of 
ivory. Lam'inar Exosto'sis ; E. Laminee ; - 
that which is formed of laminae in superposition 
or of distinct filaments. The Spongy Exosto'sis 
is that whose structure is analogous to the spongy 
tissue of bones. Exostoses are sometimes distin- 
guished into the true, which seem to be a projec- 
tion of the osseous substance, and which have the 
same organization and hardness as that substance; 
and the false or osteo-sarcoma. Exostosis may 
depend on syphilis, scrofula, rickets, gout, Ac. 
In such cases, it is important to get rid of the 
primary disease. 
Those exostoses, which occur within the bones, 
have, by some, been called Enostoses. 
Exostosis, Spina ventosa. 
Exostosis Dentium, (F.) Exostose des Dents. 
Exostosis of the teeth. 
Exostosis Steatomatodes, Osteosteatoma-e. 
Subunguial, see Subunguial. 
EXOTERIC, see Esoteric. 
EXOT'IC, Exo'ticus, from 'without.' That 
which comes from abroad. Plants or drugs which 
are procured from abroad are so called. It is 
opposed to indigenous. 
EXOTICADE'NIA, from Exotic, and aitw, 'I 
dislike.' Aversion for exotic drugs. 
EX0TICHA5MAT0SIS, Transfusion. 
EXOTICOMA'NIA. The opposite to exotica- 
denia. Fondness for exotic remedies. 
EXOTICOSYM'PHYSIS, from tfwrorof, 'fo- 
reign,' and avptfvais, 'a growing together.' A 
350 
EXPERIMENT 
union or growing together of foreign bodies, as 
of a foreign body with the human. 
EXPANSIO, Expansion - e. Musculosa, Pla- 
tysma myoides. 
EXPAN'SION, Expan'sio, from expanders, 
(ex and pandere, 'to open,') 'to spread out.' A 
prolongation or spreading out, presented by cer- 
tain organs. Thus, we say an aponeurotic expan- 
sion, &c. 
EXPATRATIO, Ejaculation (of Sperm.) 
EXPEC'TANT, Expec'tans, from expectare, 
(ex and spectare, 'to look,') ' to wait.' That which 
waits : - as Expectant Medicine, - La Medecine 
expectante. See Expectation. 
EXPECTA'TION, Expecta'tio; same etymon. 
The word expectation has been applied, in medi- 
cine, to that method, which consists in observing 
the progress of diseases, and removing deranging 
influences, without prescribing active medicines, 
unless such shall be imperiously required. It 
consists, in fact, in leaving the disease almost 
wholly to the efforts of nature, and has been 
termed the art of curing diseases by expectation 
or waiting-Are sanan'di cum expectatio'ne. 
EXPEC'TORANT, Expectorative, Expec'to- 
rans, Anacathar'ticus, Ptys'magogue, from ex, 
' out of,' and pectus, ' the breast.' A medicine 
capable of facilitating or provoking expectoration. 
There is probably no such thing as a direct ex- 
pectorant. They all act through the system, or 
by impressions made on parts at a distance, which, 
through the medium of general, continuous, or 
contiguous sympathy, excite the secretory vessels 
of the air-passages into action. The following 
are the chief reputed expectorants:-Ammonia- 
cum; Asafoetida; Galbanum; Ipecacuanha ; My- 
roxylon; Myrrha; Inhalations of Iodine, Stra- 
monium, Tar, Burning Wool, Tobacco, Ac.; 
Scilla; Senega, and Tolutanum. 
EXPECTORATIO, Expectoration - e. San- 
guinis, Haemoptysis - e. Solida, Cynanche tra- 
chealis. 
EXPECTORA'TION, Expectora'tio, EccheV- 
ysis, Bex hu'mida, Anap'tysis, Prop'tysis, Stetho- 
cathar' sis, Anacathar'sis, Anabex'is, same ety- 
mon. The act of expelling from the chest mat- 
ters or secretions there collected or existing. It 
is, likewise, used for the expectorated matter. 
EXPECTORATION DE SANG, Haemop- 
tysis. 
Expectoration, Prune-juice, see Prune- 
juice. 
EXPECTORATIVE, Expectorant. 
EXPELLENS, Expulsive. 
EXPE'RIENCE, Experien'tia, Peira, Empei'- 
ra, from rf, and irupa, ' a trial.' A knowledge of 
things acquired by observation. In medicine, 
this knowledge can be obtained both by the prac- 
titioner's own experience, and by that obtained 
from tradition and from books. To profit by ex- 
rience requires a mind capable of appreciating 
the proper relations between cause and effect; 
and hence it happens, that false experience, Ex- 
perien'tia fallax, is extremely common ; and that 
a man had better, in many instances, trust to 
that which he has learned from others, than to his 
own fallacious observation. 
The union of accurate observation by the phy- 
sician with that handed down by medical writers 
constitutes perfect experience, so far as it is at- 
tainable in any individual case. 
EXPERIENCE, Experiment. 
EXPERIMENT, Experimen'turn; same ety- 
mon. (F.) Experience. A trial, made on the 
bodies of men or animals, for the purpose of de- 
tecting the effect of a remedy, or of becoming 
better acquainted with their structure, functions, 
or peculiarities. In a more general sense, it EXPERS 
means any trial instituted with the intent of be- 
coming better acquainted with any thing. By 
experiments on living animals, we have obtained 
much valuable information in the various depart- 
ments of medicine; but particularly in physi- 
ology and toxicology. 
Experiment of Mariotte, see Mariotte. 
EXPERS NUPTIARUM, Virgin. 
EXPER T, (F.) Exper'tus, from ex, axidperitue, 
' skilled.' Skilful or of good experience. A phy- 
sician, charged with the duty of making a report 
upon any case of legal medicine. 
EXPIRATION, Expira'tio, Exspira'tio, Ec'- 
pnoe, Ecpneumato'sis, Ecpneu'eis, Apopneu'sie, 
Apop'noe, Apopnoe'a, from exepirare, (ex, and 
epirare,) 'to breathe out.' The act of expelling 
from the chest, the air received in during respi- 
ration. 
EX'PIRATORY, Expiratio'ni inner'viene. 
Relating or appertaining to expiration. The 
expiratory muscles are all those which contribute 
to diminish the cavity of the chest, for the pur- 
pose of expelling the air contained in the lungs, 
or of producing expiration. These muscles are, 
chiefly, the intercostals, triangularis sterni, qua- 
dratus lumborum, serratus posticus inferior, the 
oblique and recti muscles of the abdomen, the 
sacro-lumbalis, Ac. 
EXPLORATIO, Exploration - e. Abdominis, 
Abdominoscopia. 
EXPLORATION, Explora'tio, Recognit"io, 
from explorare, 'to search into.' The act of ob- 
serving and attentively examining or investiga- 
ting every thing connected with a case of disease. 
The word is chiefly used in this sense by the 
French practitioners. 
EXPLORA'TOR, CHEST. An instrument, 
proposed by Dr. B. Babington for exploring the 
chest in cases of empyema. It consists of a 
needle, contained in the smallest sized canula. 
This is passed between the ribs into the chest. 
The needle is then withdrawn, and the escape of 
fluid indicates the nature of the case. 
EXPLORATORIUM, Sound, Specillum. 
EXPRES'SION, Expren'nio, Ecpies'mon, Ec- 
tblxp'mn, from ex, ' out of,' and premere, ' to press.' 
The act of compressing a substance, for the pur- 
pose of separating from it the fluids which it con- 
tains. Also, the manner in which impressions 
made upon us are depicted; especially in the 
traits of the countenance. 
Expression of Sweat, (F.) Sueur d'expren- 
eion, is a term given to the passive perspiration 
observable in very debilitated individuals. 
EXPULSIO, Excretion-e.Faecum, Defecation 
-e. Foetfts, Parturition. 
EXPULSION, SPONTANEOUS, Evolution, 
spontaneous. 
EXPUL'SIVE, Expel'lens, Expulno'riut, from 
expellere, (ex, and pellere,) 'to drive away.' 
An expulsive bandage, (F.) Bandage expulnif, 
is one constructed with the view of compressing 
a part, from which we are desirous of expelling 
pus, serum, Ac. Certain medicines were formerly 
called expulsivee, which were believed to have 
the power of driving the humours towards the 
skin ;-as diaphoretics, and sudorifics. 
EXPULTRIX, see Vis Expultrix. 
EXSANGUINITY, Anaemia. 
EXSANGUIS, Exanguious. Exsanguie is 
used by Ausonius for one exhausted by veiiery; 
as meant sperm as well as blood. See 
Sperm. 
EXSARCOMA, Sarcoma. 
EXSCREATIO, Excreation. 
EXSECTIO VIRILIUM, Castration. 
EXSECTUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
EXSICCATIO, Drying. 
EXSICCATIVA, Desiccativa. 
351 
EXTENSOR 
EXSOLUTIO, Eclysis. 
EXSPIRATIO, Expiration. 
EXSPUIT"ION, Ex8puit"io, Spuit"io, Spu- 
ta'tio, Anachremp'sis, Apochremp'sis, Chremp'eis, 
Ptysis, Anacine'ma, Anacine'sis, (F.) Sputation, 
from ex, 'out of/ and epuo, 'I spit.' Rejection 
of the matters accumulated in the pharynx and 
larynx; spitting. 
EXSTASIS, Eestasis. 
EXSTIRPATIO, Extirpation. 
EXSTROPH'IA, Ex'strophy, Ec'strophe, from 
tf, 'out of,' and <rrpo </>>;, 'turning.' Extrover'sio, 
Extrover'sion. Eversion or turning out of a part 
-as of the eyelids. A term used by M. Chaus- 
sier for certain displacements of organs, and 
especially of the urinary bladder. 
Exstroph'ia or Ex'strophy of the Bladder, 
(F.) Renversement de la Vessie, is a faulty con- 
formation, in which the organ opens above the 
pubes; so that in the hypogastric region there is 
a red, mucous surface, formed by the inner coat 
of the bladder; on which two prominences are 
distinguishable, corresponding to the openings 
of the ureters. 
EXSUCCATIO, Ecchymoma. 
EXSUC'TIO, Suc'tio, Ecmyze'sis, from ex, 'out 
of,' and succus, 'a juice.' The action of sucking. 
EXSUDATIO, Ephidrosis. 
EXSUFFLATIO, Ecphysesis. 
EXTEMPORA'NEOUS, Extempora'neus, Ex- 
tempora'lis, from ex, and tempore, ' out of time.' 
Those prescriptions are called ' extemporaneous,' 
or ' magistral,' which are made on the spot, and 
composed according to the prescription of the 
physician. 
EXTENSEUR COMMUN DES DOIGTS, 
Extensor digitorum communis - e. Commun des 
orteils, Extensor communis digitorum pedis - e. 
Court du Pouce, Extensor pollicis brevis-e. Long 
du pouce, Extensor longus pollicis - e. Petit des 
orteils, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis - e. 
Propre du petit doigt, Extensor proprius minimi 
digiti - e. Propre de VIndex, Extensor preprius 
indicis. 
EXTENSIBILITY, Extensihil'itas. A pro- 
perty, possessed by certain bodies, of being capable 
of extension or elongation. 
EXTENSIO, Extension, Tetanus. 
EXTEN'SION, Exten'sio, Tasis, Ec'tasis, Ca- 
tat'asis, Anat'asis, from extenders, (ex, and ten- 
ders,) 'to stretch out.' An operation in surgery, 
in which either with the hands alone, or by straps, 
a fractured or luxated limb is pulled strongly, 
to restore it to its natural position. It is the op- 
posite of Counter-extension. 
IjXTENSOR. Same etymon. (F.) Extenseur. 
A muscle, whose office is to extend certain parts. 
Extensor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis,Perf'icw«, 
CalcanZo-phalanginien commun, of Dumas; (F.) 
Muscle pedieux, Muscle petit extenseur dee orteils, 
Calcanio-sus-phalangettien commun-(Ch.) Carre 
du pied; Short Extensor of the Toes. A muscle 
situate on the dorsal region of the foot. It arises 
from the external surface of the calcaneum, and 
at the anterior edge of a ligament, which unites 
that bone to the astragalus. Anteriorly, each of 
its divisions terminates by a small tendon, which 
is fixed successively, at the superior part of the 
posterior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
great toe, and to the second and last phalanges 
of the next three toes. Its use is to extend the 
first four toes, and to direct them a little outwards. 
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, see Radi- 
alis - e. Carpi radialis longus, see Radialise. 
Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital muscles. 
Extensor Commu'nis Digito'rum Pedis, E. 
Longus Digitorum Pedis, E. Digitorum longus, 
Pironeo-tibi-eus-phalangettien commun, C'lemodac- 
tyla'us, P(ronto-sus-phalangettien commun, (F.) EXTENSOR 
Extenseur commun des Orteils. This muscle, also, 
is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is 
long, thin, flattened, simple, and fleshy above, 
and divided into four tendons below. It arises 
from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the an- 
terior surface of the fibula, and is inserted into 
the superior part of the posterior extremity of 
the second and third phalanges of the last four 
toes. It extends the three phalanges of these 
toes. 
Extensor Digito'rum Commu'nis, Extensor 
digitorum communis mantis cum extenso're pro'- 
prio auricula'ris, Digito'rum Tensor; (F.) Epi- 
condylb-sus-phalangettien commun-(Ch.,)-Com- 
mon Extensor of the Fingers, Extenseur commun 
des Doigts. A long, flattened muscle; simple 
above, and divided into four portions inferiorly. 
It is situate at the posterior part of the forearm; 
arises from the external tuberosity of the hume- 
rus ; from the aponeurosis of the forearm, and 
from the aponeurotic septa situate between it and 
the neighbouring muscles, and is inserted at the 
posterior surface of the second and third pha- 
langes of the last four fingers. This muscle ex- 
tends the phalanges of the last four fingers upon 
each other, and upon the metacarpal bone. It 
can, also, extend the hand on the forearm. 
Extensor Digitorum Longus, E. communis 
digitorum pedis - e. Longus digitorum pedis, E. 
communis digitorum pedis-e. Proprius hallucis, 
E. proprius pollicis pedis-e. Indicis, E. proprius 
indicis-e. Internodii ossis pollicis, E. longus pol- 
licis - e. Primi internodii, Abductor longus pol- 
licis. 
Extensor Pol'licis Brevis, Exten'sor minor 
pol'licis mantis, E. primi interno'dii, E. pol'licis 
primus, E. Secun'di interno'dii, (Douglas,) E. 
seatin'di interno'dii ossis pol'licis; (F.) Cubito-sus- 
phalangien du pouce,-(Ch.,) Court extenseur du 
pouce. Seated at the posterior and inferior part 
of the forearm. It is thin, long, and broader at 
its middle than at the extremities. It arises from 
the posterior surface of the ulna and the inter- 
osseous ligament, and is inserted behind the su- 
perior extremity of the first phalanx of the 
thumb. It extends the thumb, and aids in supi- 
nation. 
Extensor Pol'licis Longus; Extensor major 
pol'licis mantis, Extensor secun'di interno'dii, 
Extensor pollicis seeun'dus, Extensor ter'tii inter- 
no'dii (Douglas,) Extensor interno'dii ossis pol'- 
licis, (F.) Cubito-sus-phalangettein du pouce, - 
(Ch.,) Muscle long extenseur du pouce. This 
muscle is long, flat, and fusiform; and is seated 
at the posterior part of the forearm. It arjses 
from the posterior surface of the ulna and the in- 
terosseous ligament, and is inserted at the pos- 
terior part of the superior extremity of the first 
phalanx of the thumb. It extends the last pha- 
lanx of the thumb upon the first. 
Extensor Pro'prius In'sxtcis, E.proprius pri- 
mi dig" iti mantis, E. In'dicis, Indica'tor, Exten- 
sor secun'di interno'dii in'dicis pro'prius, (F.) Cu- 
bito-sus-phalangettien de I'Index,-(Ch.,) Exten- 
seur propre de V Index. This muscle is long and 
thin ; broader in the middle than at the extremi- 
ties; and is situate at the posterior part of the 
forearm. It arises from the posterior surface of 
the ulna, and is inserted at the posterior part of 
the upper extremity of the second and third pha- 
langes of the index-finger. It extends the three 
phalanges of the index-finger; and has, besides, 
the same uses as the other extremities of the 
fingers. 
,Extensor Pro'prius Min'imi Dig"iti, (F.) 
Epicondylo-sus-phalangettien du petit doigt, - 
(Ch.,) Extenseur propre du petit doigt. Situate on 
EXTRA 
the inside of the Extensor communis digito'rum. 
It arises from the external condyle of the os 
humeri and the aponeurotic septa seated between 
it, the extensor communis digitorum, and the 
extensor carpi ulnaris ; and is inserted into the 
last two phalanges of the little finger. Its use is 
to extend the little finger, and even the hand 
upon the forearm. 
Extensor Pro'prius Pol'licis Pedis, E. pro- 
prius Hal'lucis, E. Longus (Douglas), E. pollicis 
longus, Peroneo-sus-phalangien du ponce, Pironio- 
sus-phalangcttien du pouce,-(Ch.) This muscle 
is situate at the anterior part of the leg. It is 
fleshy, broad, flat above; small and tendinous 
below. It arises from the anterior part of the 
middle third of the fibula, and is inserted into the 
posterior part of the superior extremity of the 
last phalanx of the great toe. It extends the 
last phalanx of the great toe upon the first, and 
the first upon the first metacarpal bone. 
Extensor Primi Internodii, E. pollicis brevis 
- e. Secundi internodii, E. pollicis brevis. Ex- 
tensor longus pollicis - e. Secundi internodii in- 
dicis proprius, E. proprius indicis-e. Tertii inter- 
nodii, E. longus pollicis-e. Tertii internodii 
indicis, Prior annularis - e. Tertii internodii mi- 
nimi digiti, Abductor minimi digiti - e. Ossis 
metacarpi pollicis mantis, Abductor longus pol- 
licis-e. Pollicis longus, E. proprius pollicis pedis 
-e. Pollicis secundus, E. longus pollicis-e. Mi- 
nor pollicis mantis, E. pollicis brevis-e. Primus 
pollicis, Abductor longus pollicis. 
Extensor Tarsi Magnus, E. Tarsi sura'lis. 
A name given, by some anatomists, to the gas- 
trocnemius and soleus combined. 
Extensor Tarsi Minor, Plantar muscle. 
EXTENUATIO, Emaciation. 
EXTERGENTIA, Detergents. 
EXTER'NAL DISEASES, Extrin'sic Dis- 
eases, Morbi extrin'seci, Surgical diseases, (F.) 
Maladies externes. Those diseases which occupy 
the surface of the body, and form the object of 
surgical pathology, requiring, generally, external 
means, or surgical operations. 
EXTERNAL. The post or office of an externe. 
EXTERNE, see House-surgeon. 
EXTERNUS AURIS, Laxator tympani- e. 
Mallei, Laxator tympani. 
EXTESTICULATUS, Castratus, Eunuch. 
EXTINCTIO, Death - e. Hydrargyri, Ex- 
tinction of Mercury - e. Mercurii, Extinction of 
Mercury. 
Extinctio Vocis, (F.) Extinction de voir. The 
French use this term for cases in which the voice 
is not wholly suppressed, but produces only fee- 
ble sounds :-Incomplete aphonia. 
EXTINCTION OF MER'CURY, Extinc'tio 
Mercu'rii vel Hydrar'gyri. Trituration of mer- 
cury with lard or other substance, until the me- 
tallic globules disappear. The mercury is then 
so divided, that it forms a black powder, gene- 
rally considered to be a protoxide of mercury, 
but, perhaps, erroneously. 
EXTIRPATIO, Extirpation-e. Linguae, Glos- 
sosteresis - e. Testiculorum, Castratio. 
EXTIRPATION, Extirpa'tio, Exstirpa'iio, 
Abla'tio, Aphce'resis, from extirpare, (ex, and 
stirps,) 'to root out.' The complete removal or 
destruction of any part, either by cutting instru- 
ments or the action of caustics. Thus, we speak 
of the extirpation of cancer, polypus, encysted 
tumour, &c. 
EXTOMIUS, Eunuch. 
EXTOZOA, Ectozoa. 
EXTOZO AIRES. Ectozoa. 
EXTOZOARIA, Ectozoa. 
EXTRA-PELVIO - PURI - TROCHANTi- 
RIEN, Obturator externus. 
352 EXTRACT 
EXTRACT, Extractum - e. of Aconite, Ex- 
tractum aconiti-e. of Aconite, alcoholic, Extrac- 
tum aconiti alcoholicum- e. Alcoholic, see Ex- 
tractum - e. of Aloes, purified, Extractum aloes 
purificatum-e. of Bark, Extractum cinchonas- 
e. of Bark, resinous, Extractum cinchonas resino- 
sum-e. of Belladonna, Extractum belladonnas- 
e. of Belladonna, alcoholic, Extractum belladon- 
nas alcoholicum - e. of Bittersweet, Extractum 
dulcamaras - e. of Broom-tops, Extractum cacu- 
minum genistas - e. of Butternut, Extractum ju- 
glandis - e. of Cascarilla, resinous, Extractum 
cascarillas resinosum - e. of Chamomile, E. an- 
themidis-e. of Cinchona, Extractum cinchonas- 
-e. of Colchicum, acetic, Extractum colchici aceti- 
cum - e. of Colocynth, Extractum colocynthidis 
e. of Colocynth, compound, Extractum colocyn- 
thidis compositum - e. of Cubebs, fluid, Extrac- 
tum cubebae fluidum-e.of Dandelion, Extractum 
taraxaci-e. of Elaterium, Extractum elaterii-e. 
of Ergot, Ergotin-e. Ethereal, see Extractum- 
e. of Gentian, Extractum gentianae - e. of Hem- 
lock, Extractum cicutae - e. of Hellebore, black, 
Extractum hellebori - e. of Hemlock, alcoholic, 
Extractum conii alcoholicum - e. of Henbane, 
Extractum hyoscyami-e. of Henbane, alcoholic, 
Extractum hyoscyami alcoholicum - e. of Hops, 
Extractum humuli-e. of Jalap, Extractum jala- 
p® - e. of Lettuce, Extractum lactucae - e. of 
Liquorice, Extractum glycyrrhizas - e. of Log- 
wood, Extractum haematoxyli - e. of Mayapple, 
Extractum podophylli-e. of Meat, saponaceous, 
Osmazome - e. of Oak-bark, Extractum corticis 
quercfls-e. of white Poppy, Extractum papave- 
ris - e. of Quassia, Extractum quassiae - e. of 
Quinia, Extractum quinias - e. of Rhatany, Ex- 
tractum krameriae - e. of Rhubarb, Extractum 
rhei - e. of Rhubarb, fluid, Extractum rhei flui- 
dum - e. of Rue, Extractum rutas - e. of Sarsa- 
parilla, Extractum sarsaparillae-e. of Sarsaparil- 
la, fluid, Extractum sarsaparillae fluidum-e. of 
Savine, Extractum foliorum sabinae-e. of Senna, 
fluid, Extractum sennas fluidum - e. of Spige- 
lia and Senna, Extractum spigeliae et sennas-e. 
of Stramonium, Extractum stramonii-e. of Va- 
lerian, Extractum valerianas - e. of Wormwood, 
Extractum eacuminum absinthii. 
EXTRACT!}1, Extractive. 
EXTRAC'TION, Extrac'tio, ExeE resis, Ex- 
°9°'ge, Exolce, Exelcys'mus, Enchylo'sis, from 
extrahere, (ex, and trahere,) 'to draw out.' The 
act of removing an extraneous substance from 
any part of the body. Thus, a splinter is said to 
be extracted. It is, also, applied to the removal 
of certain parts. The cataract is said to be ex- 
tracted : a tooth is extracted, when carious, Ac. 
EXTRAC'TIVE, (F.) Extract!/ Same ety- 
mon. A peculiar, immediate principle, which 
has been admitted in extracts. Thus, litter 
extractive is the immediate principle of bitter 
vegetables, Ac. 
EXTRAC'TUM, Extract, Ecchylo'ma, ( F. ) 
Extract. An extract is prepared by evaporating 
vegetable solutions, till a tenacious mass is ob- 
tained. .When prepared from an infusion or de- 
coction, it is called a watery, - from ether, an 
ethereal, and from alcohol, an alcohol'ic or a spi- 
rituous extract. Both kinds contain all the prin- 
ciples of the vegetable, that are soluble in the 
menstrua with which they are prepared; but the 
volatile parts are dissipated, and some of the 
fixed parts are decomposed; the proper extrac- 
tive is oxygenized, and the virtues of the vege- 
table substance consequently altered or destroyed. 
Extracts are hard, soft, or fluid: the consistence 
of the soft being such as to retain the pilular 
form without the addition of a powder. A patent 
was taken out many years ago, by a Mr. Barry, 
23 
353 
EXTRACTUM 
of London, for preparing them in vacuo; and, as 
the temperature is much lower than in the ordi- 
nary method, the virtues of the plant are less 
altered, and the extracts are generally green. 
Extracts are also prepared by displacement or 
percolation. They have, likewise, received dif- 
ferent names, according to their predominant 
principle. The gummy or mucous, or mucilaginous, 
are those which are mainly composed of gum or 
mucilage. Gum tragacanth may be considered a 
pure gummy extract. Gelatinous extracts are 
those composed especially of gelatin; resinous 
extracts, those of a resinous character; extrado- 
resinous, those composed of extractive or colour- 
ing matter and resin; gum-resinous, those con- 
taining gum and resin; and sapona'ceous or 
sapona'ceous saline, those containing a notable 
quantity of saline substances and a resinous mat- 
ter, so combined with mucus and other soluble 
substances, that they cannot be separated. 
Extractum Absin'thii Cacu'minum, .Extract 
of Wormwood. (A decoction defecated and eva- 
porated.) The flavour is dissipated along with 
the essential oil. It is a bitter tonic. Dose, gr. 
x to 7)j, in pill. 
Extractum Aconi'ti, Extract of Aconite, Suc- 
cus spissa'tus aconiti napelli, {from the inspissated 
juice without defecation.) It is esteemed to be 
narcotic and diuretic; and has been given in the 
cases referred to under Aconitum. Dose, gr. j, 
gradually increasing it. 
Extractum Aconi'ti Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic 
Extract of Aconite. (A conit. in pulv. crass, tbj ; 
Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Moisten the aconite with 
half a pint of diluted alcohol: let it stand for 24 
hours: transfer it to a displacement apparatus, 
and gradually add the remainder of the diluted 
alcohol. When the last portion of this has pene- 
trated the aconite, pour in from time to time 
water sufficient to keep the powder covered. 
Stop the filtration when the liquid which passes 
begins to produce a precipitate, as it falls, in 
that which has already passed. Distil off the 
alcohol, and evaporate to a proper consistence.- 
Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Al'oes Purifica'tum, Pu'rified 
extract of aloes. (The gummy part extracted by 
boiling water, defecated and inspissated.) Dose, 
gr. v to gr. xv. 
Extractum Anthem'idis, E. anthemidis no'- 
bilis, E. chamtBme'li, E.florum chamame'li, Ex- 
tract of Cham'omile. The volatile oil is dissipated 
in this preparation. It is a pure, grateful bitter, 
and is tonic and stomachic. Dose, gr. x to gr. 
xx, in pills. 
Extractum Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
Extractum Belladon'nje, Succus spissa'tus 
at'ropce belladon'nce, Extract of Belladon'na, {an 
expressed juice inspissated.) Properties same 
as those of the plant. Dose, gr. J, gradually 
increased. It dilates the pupil when applied to 
the eye. 
Extractum Belladonna: Alcohol'icum, Al- 
cohol'ic extract of Belladonna. (Prepared like 
the extractum aconiti alcoholicum.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Cannabis, see Bangue. 
Extractum Cascaril'la: Resino'sum, Res'- 
inous extract of cascaril'la. {Cort, cascarilla, in 
pulv. crass, tbj ; Sp. vini red. ibiv. Digest for 
four days; then decant and strain; boil the resi- 
duum in ten pints of water to two; filter and 
evaporate the decoction, and distil the tincture 
in a retort, till both are thickened ; then mix and 
evaporate to a pilular consistence.) Dose, gr. x 
to gr. xx, in pills. 
Extractum Catharticum, E. Colocynthidis 
compositum - e. Catechu, Catechu - e. Chamai- 
meli, E. Anthemidis-e. Cicutae, E. Conii. EXTRACTUM 
. Extractum Cathol'icum, (F.) Extrait Catho- 
lique. This epithet is given to pills composed of 
aloes, black hellebore, and colocynth, resin of 
jalap, and scammony. See, also, Extractum co- 
locynthidis eompositum. 
Extractum Cincho'na:, Extract of Cincho'na, 
E- Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni, E. Cincho'na Molle, E. 
of Bark. (A decoction evaporated.) The active 
principles are similar to those of the bark in 
substance; bnt it is not so effectual - owing to 
the chymical change induced in the drug during 
the boiling. When reduced, by drying, to a state 
fit for being powdered, it is called the Hard Ex- 
tract of Bark, Extrac' turn Cor'ticis Peruvia'ni 
durum, E. Cincho'na durum. Dose, gr. x to 
Extractum Cinchona? Resino'sum, E. Cin- 
chona lancifo'ha, E. Cinchona Rubra resino'- 
tum, Res'inous Extract of Bark, E. Cincho'na 
Resi'na. The aqueo-spirituous extract contains 
both the extractive and resin of the bark. Dose, 
gr. x to xxx. 
Extractum Cinchona of the Pharmacopoeia of 
the United States, (1842,) is directed to be pre- 
pared as follows : - Peruvian Bark, in coarse 
powder, ft> j ; Alcohol, Oiv; Water, a sufficient 
quantity. Macerate the Peruvian bark with the 
alcohol for four days; then filter by a displace- 
ment apparatus, and when the liquid ceases to 
pass, pour gradually on the bark water sufficient 
to keep its surface covered. When the filtered 
tincture measures four pints, set it aside, and 
proceed with the filtration until six pints of infu- 
sion are obtained. Distil off the alcohol from the 
tincture and evaporate the infusion till the liquids 
are respectively brought to the consistence of thin 
honey; then mix and evaporate to form an ex- 
tract.-Ph. U. S. 
Extrac'tum Col'chici Ace'ticum, Ace'tous br 
Ace'tic Extract of Colchicum. (Colchic. rad. in 
pulv. crass. Ibj, Acid. acet, Aqua q. s. To 
the acid add a pint of water, and mix this with 
the root. Put the mixture in a percolator, and 
pour on water until the liquid that passes has 
little or no taste. Evaporate to a proper consist- 
ence. Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. j to gr. iij. 
Extractum Colocyn'thidis, Extract of Col'o- 
cynth. A cathartic, in the dose of from gr. v 
to Jss. 
Extractum Colocyn'thidis Compos'itum, Ex- 
tractum Cathar1 ticum, E. Cathol'icum, E. Quer- 
ceta'ni, Compound Extract of Colocynth. (Colo- 
cynth. pulp. concis. gvj, Aloes pulv. ?xij, Scam- 
mon. pulv. 3;iv, Cardamom, pulv. Saponis 
Alcohol, dilut. cong. Macerate the pulp in 
the spirit at a gentle heat for four days; strain : 
add the aloes and scammony; then distil off the 
spirit and mix in the cardamom seeds. Ph. U. 
S.) It is a powerful cathartic, and is used in 
obstinate visceral obstructions, &c. Dose, gr. vj 
to fiss. 
Extractum Coni'i, E. Cicu'ta, Succus cicuta 
spisea'tus, Extract of Hemlock, Succus spissatus 
conii macula'ti. (Expressed juice inepiesated 
without defecation.) Employed in the same 
cases as the conium. Dose, gr. iij to Qj. 
Extractum Conii Alcohol'icum, Alcoholic 
Extract of Hemlock. (Prepared like the Ex- 
tractum aconiti alcoholicum.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Convolvuli Jalapa?, E. jalapae- 
e. Corticis Peruviani, E. Cinchonse. 
Extract'um Cubeb'a? Flu'idum, Fluid Ex- 
tract of Cubebs. (Cubebs exhausted by ether 
through percolation, and the solution evaporated. 
Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Dulcama'r.e, Extract of Bitter- 
sweet. (Prepared by displacement from bitter- 
sweet in coarse powder.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Elatb'rh, Elate'rium, Extract of 
354 
EXTRACTUM 
Elaterium. (The fecula of the expressed juice.) 
It is violently cathartic, hydragogue, and some- 
times emetic. Dose, gr. ss. every hour till it 
operates. 
Extractum Ergot.®, Ergotin. 
Extractum Genis't.e Cacu'minum, Extract of 
Broom Tops. Diuretic and stomachic. Dose, 
Jss to 3j. 
Extractum Gentia'ile, Ext. Gentia'nce lu'tea, 
Ext. Radi'cis Gentia'noe, Extract of Gen'tian. 
(The evaporated decoction.) Prepared also by 
displacement. -Ph. U. S.) Properties like those 
of Gentian. Dose, gr. x to gss. 
Extractum ; Extract of Li- 
quorice, Succus Glycyrrhi'zce inspissa'tus, Succus 
Liquirit"ice. (The evaporated decoction.) It is 
demulcent, taken ad libitum. 
Refined Liquorice, which is sold in the form 
of cylinders, is made by gently evaporating a 
solution of the pure extract of liquorice with half 
its weight of gum Arabic, rolling the mass and 
cutting it into lengths, and then polishing, by 
rolling them together in a box. 
Extrac'tum Gram'iJjis, 'Extract of Grass.' 
An extract prepared from Triticum repens. It is 
considered by the Germans to be a mild tonic; 
and is greatly used, especially in convalescence 
from fever. It is probably devoid of all injurious 
properties, and as probably totally inefficacious. 
Extractum H.ematox'yli, E. Hamatox'yli 
Campechia'ni, E. Scobis Hoematox'yli, Extract 
of Logwood. (The evaporated decoction.) It is 
astringent. Dose, gr. x to 3j. 
Extractum Radi'cis Helleb'ori Nigri, Ext. 
of Black Hell'ebore root, E. Hellebori nigri. 
(The evaporated decoction.) In large doses, this 
is cathartic; in smaller, diuretic, resolvent (?) and 
emmenagogue (?). Dose, as a cathartic, gr. x to 
; as an emmenagogue, gr. iij to gr. x. 
Extractum Hellebori, of the Pharmacopoeia 
of the United States (1842), is prepared from 
Black Hellebore, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
tractum aconiti alcoholicum. 
Extractum Hu'muli, Extract of hops, (the 
evaporated decoction.) It is tonic, anodyne (?), 
diuretic (?). Dose, gr. v to 3j. 
Extractum Hyoscy'ami, Extract of Henbane, 
Succus spissa'tus Hyoscyami nigri, Succ. Spies. 
Hyoscyami. (The expressed juice, inspissated 
without defecation.) Its virtues are narcotic. 
Dose, gr. v to 
Extractum Hyoscyami Alcohol'icum, Alco- 
holic Extract of Henbane. (Prepared from leaves 
of Hyoscyamus, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
tractum aconiti alcoholicum.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Jala'p.®, E. Convol'vuli Jalap<t, 
E. Jala'pii, Extract of Jalap, E. Jala'pi. (A 
spirituous tincture distilled; and an aqueous de- 
coction evaporated ; the residua being mixed toge- 
ther: kept both soft and hard.) It is cathartic 
and hydragogue. Dose, gr. x to 
Extractum Jalapa: of the Ph. U. S. is pre- 
pared like the Extractum cinchonae, Ph. U. S. 
Extractum Jalapa: Resixo'sum, Res'inous 
Extract of Jalap. This is cathartic. 
Extractum Juglan'dis, Extract of Butternut. 
(Prepared by displacement from butternut, in 
coarse powder.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Kramf.'ri®, Extract of Rhatany. 
(Prepared by displacement from rhatany, in 
coarse powder.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Lactu'ca:, Extract of Lettuce, 
Succus spissa'tus Lactucoe sativas. (Leaves of 
fresh lettuce ftj; beat them in a stone mortar, 
sprinkling them with water; then express the 
juice and evaporate, without allowing it to sub- 
side until it acquires a proper degree of consist- EXTRACTUM 
ence.) It is said to be narcotic and diaphoretic. 
Dose, gr. iij to gr. x. 
An extract is, sometimes, made from the juice 
of the wild lettuce, Lactuca viro'sa, which is re- 
garded as diuretic. 
Extractum Martis Aceticum, Ferri Acetas- 
e. Nucis Vomicae, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
Extractum O'pii, E. Opii aquo'sum, E. The- 
ba' icum, Extract of Opium, E. Opii gummo'sum, 
Lau'danum opia'tum seu simplex, Opium cola'turn 
seu depura'tum. (A watery solution defecated 
and evaporated.) Dose, gr. ss to gr. v. 
Extractum Panchymago'gum. A drastic me- 
dicine, composed of colocynth, bruised with its 
seeds ; senna bruised; black hellebore root, Aga- 
ric, Scammony, in powder, Extract of Aloes, and 
Powder of Diarrhodon. 
Extractum Papav'eris, E. Papav'eris som- 
nif'eri, E. Papaveris albi, Extract of white poppy. 
(The decoction evaporated.) It possesses nearly 
the same virtues as opium, but is weaker. Dose, 
gr- ij to Qj. 
Extractum Pip'eris Flu'idum, Fluid Extract 
of Black Pepper. (Blackpepper exhausted by ether 
through percolation, the solution evaporated, and 
the piperin in crystals separated by expression. 
Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Podophyl'li, Extract of May- 
apple. (Prepared from podophyllum, in coarse 
powder, in the same manner as the Extract of 
cinchona.-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Purgans, see Hedera helix - e. 
Quercetani, E. Colocynthidis compositum. 
Extractum Quas'siai, Extract of Quassia. 
(Prepared by displacement from Quassia rasped. 
-Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Cor'ticis Querc(is, Extract of oak 
bark. (The decoction evaporated.) It is astrin- 
gent and tonic. 
Extractum Qui'nl®, Quinice sulphas impu'rus. 
This is made by evaporating the liquor poured 
off the crystals of sulphate of quinia to the con- 
sistence of a pilular mass. Twenty-four grains 
will generally arrest an intermittent. 
Extractum Rhei, Extract of Rhubarb. (A 
solution in diluted alcohol evaporated.) Uses 
like those of the powdered root. Dose, gr. x 
to £ss. 
Extractum Rhei flu'idum, Fluid Extract of 
Rhubarb. (Rhej in pulv. crass. 5viij, Sacchar. 
Tinct. Zingib. 01. foenicut., 01. anis. 
SaTTLiv; Alcohol, dilut. q. 8. Digest the rhu- 
barb, mixed with an equal bulk of coarse sand, 
with of the diluted alcohol for 24 hours. 
Put the mass into the percolator, and pour on 
diluted alcohol until the liquid that passes has 
little odour or taste of rhubarb; evaporate to 
dissolve it in the sugar, and mix the tincture of 
ginger and oils. Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Ru'dii, Extract of Rudius, (F.) 
Extrait de Rudius. Pills made of colocynth, 
agaric, scammony, roots of black hellebore and 
jalap, socotrine aloes, cinnamon, mace, cloves, 
and alcohol. 
Extractum Rutje Graveolen'tis, E. folio'- 
rum Rutte, Extract of Rue, Extractum Rutte. (A 
decoction evaporated.) Tonic, stomachic. The 
volatile oil being dissipated in the boiling, this is 
not a good preparation. Dose, gr. x to 7)j. 
Extractum Folio'rum Sabi'na:, Extract of 
Savine. (A decoction evaporated.) Tonic. The 
same remarks may be made on this preparation 
as on the last. Dose, gr. x to 
Extractum Sarsaparil'lje, Extract of Sar- 
saparil'la. (A strained decoction evaporated.) 
Virtues the same as those of the powdered root. 
Dose, gr. x to 5j- Extractum Sarsaparilla of 
the United States Pharmacopoeia is prepared 
355 
EXTRANEOUS BODY 
from Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, like the Ex- 
traetum aconiti alcoholicum. 
Extractum Sarsaparilla: flu'idum, Fluid 
Extract of Sarsaparilla. (Sarsaparill. concis. et 
contus. 5xvj, Glycyrrhiz. contus., Sassafr. rad. 
contus., aa Mezerei concis. gvj, Sacchar. 
Alcohol, dilut. Oviij. Macerate, with the 
exception of the sugar, for 14 days; express and 
filter; evaporate to fSxij; and add the sugar. 
Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Saturni, Goulard's, Liquor 
plumbi subacetatis-e. Scobis hsematoxyli, E. 
haamatoxyli. 
Extractum Sennas flu'idum, Fluid Extract 
of Senna. (Senna in pulv. crass, ibijss; Sac- 
char. §xx; 01. Foenicul. f^j; Sp. AEther. com- 
pos. fjij; Alcohol, dilut. Oiv. Mix the senna 
and diluted alcohol; let the mixture stand for 24 
hours; put it into a percolator, and gradually 
pour on watqr mixed with one third its bulk of 
alcohol, until a gallon and a half of liquid shall 
have passed; evaporate to add the sugar, 
and, when it is dissolved, the compound spirit of 
ether, holding the oil in solution. 
Extractum Spige'lia. et Senna: flu'idum, 
Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna. (Spigel. 
in pulv. crass, lb j; Senna in pulv. crass, £vj ; 
Sacchar. ibiss; Potass, carbon. Jvj ; 01. Carui, 
01. Anisi, aa > Alcohol, dilut. q. s. Pour 
on the spigelia and senna Oij of diluted alcohol ; 
let it stand for 48 hours; place it in a percolator, 
and pour on gradually diluted alcohol until half 
a gallon has passed: evaporate to a pint; add 
the carbonate of potassa; and afterwards the 
sugar, previously triturated with the oils, and 
dissolve. Ph. U. S.) 
Extractum Stramo'nII, E. Stramo'nii folio - 
rum, Extract of Stramo'nium, Extract of Stramo- 
nium leaves. (The expressed juice inspissated.) 
The Extractum Stramonii Sem'inis, Extract of 
Stramonium Seed, is made from the powdered 
seed by means of diluted alcohol, and with the 
aid of the percolator;-the solution being evapo- 
rated. Ph. U. S. Used as a narcotic in asthma 
and other spasmodic affections. Dose, gr.ij to gr. x. 
Extractum Tarax'aci, Ext. Herba et Radi'- 
cis Tarax'aci, Extract of Dandeli'on. (The 
strained juice evaporated.) It has been consi- 
dered deobstruent, laxative, and diuretic. Dose, 
gr. x to £j. 
Extractum Thebaicum, E. Opii. 
Extractum Valeria'nas, Extract of Vale'- 
rian. (An expressed decoction evaporated.) The 
virtues of the valerian being dependent upon its 
essential oil, this is an objectionable preparation. 
Dose, gr. x to 
A fluid extract of Valerian, Extractum Vale- 
ria'na flu'idum, has been introduced into the last 
edition of the Pharmacopoeia U. S. (1851). It is 
prepared by exhausting the valerian by ether and 
alcohol, through the percolator, and evaporating. 
There are some other extracts in the American 
and other Pharmacopoeias, but they are prepared 
in the ordinary mode, and possess merely the 
virtues of the plants. They are besides, gene- 
rally, of an unimportant character. 
EXTRAIT, Extract-e. Alcoholique de noix 
vomique, see Strychnos nux vomica-e. des Fruits, 
Rob-e. HImostatique de Bonjean, Ergotin. 
EXTRA'NEOUS BODY, from extra, 'with- 
out.' Corpus extra'neum, C. exter'num, C. alie'- 
num, (F.) Corps Or anger. Any solid, liquid, or 
gaseous substance, inanimate or animate, pro- 
ceeding from without, or formed in the body; 
and which constitutes no part of the body, but 
occupies, in the substance of the textures, or some 
of the cavities, a place foreign to it. EXTRAVASATION 
EXTRAVASA'TION, Extravasa'tio, from ex- 
tra, ' out of,' and rasa, ' vessels.' Escape of a 
fluid-extravasa'tum-from the vessel contain- 
ing it, and infiltration or effusion of the fluid into 
the surrounding textures. 
EXTRAVASATUM, see Extravasatio. 
EXTREM'ITY, Extrem'itas ; from extremus, 
'the outermost;' the end or termination of a 
thing. The.limbs, acrote'ria, have been so called, 
- as the upper and lower extremities. It has 
been, also, used to express the last moments of 
life ; as when we say, a patient is in ' extremity,' 
(F.) le malade est d Vextrimiti, d toute extremity. 
See Membrum. 
EXTRIN'SIC, Extrin'seeus. That which comes 
from without. This term has been used for mus- 
cles, which surround certain organs and attach 
them to the neighbouring parts; in order to dis- 
tinguish them from other muscles, which enter 
into the intimate composition of these organs, 
and which have been named intrinsic. Thus, 
there are extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the 
tongue, ear, <fcc. 
EXTROVERSIO, Exstrophia. 
EXTUBERANTIA, Protuberance. 
EXTUBERATIO, Protuberance. 
EXTUMEFACTIO, Swelling. 
EXTUS'SIO, from ex, and tussis, 'a cough.' 
'I cough with expectoration.' 
EXU'BER, from ex, 'out of,' 'devoid of,' and 
ubera, ' breasts ;' Apogalac'tos. ' A child which 
has been weaned.' 
EXUDATION CORPUSCLES, see Corpus- 
cles, exudation. 
EXULCERATIO, Ecthlimma, Ulceration - e. 
Uteri, Hysterelcosis - e. Ventriculi, Gastrelcosis. 
EXUMBILICATIO, Exomphalos. 
EXUSTIO, Cauterization. 
EXUTORIUM, Fonticulus. 
EXUTORY, Fonticulus. 
EYE, Sax. eaj, Teuton. Auge, O'cuius, Ops, 
Omma, Ophthal'mos, Illos, Op'tilos (Doric,) Vi- 
so'rium Org'anum, (F.) (Eil. The eye is the im- 
mediate organ of vision. It is seated in the orbit, 
while its dependencies, called by Haller Tutam'- 
ina Oc'uli, occupy the circumference of the ca- 
vity, and are composed of the eyebrows, the eye- 
lids, cilia, glands of Meibomius, &c. The Ball, 
Globe, or Bulb of the Eye, Bulbus Oc'uli, is co- 
vered anteriorly by the tunica conjunctiva; is 
moved by six muscles, four straight, two oblique, 
and is constituted of membranes, as the sclerotic, 
cornea, choroid, tunica Jacobi, retina, iris, hya- 
loid, and, in the foetus, the mcmbrana pupillaris; 
and of fluids, called Humours, or Media, - the 
aqueous, crystalline, and vitreous. The eyeball 
is invested with a membranous tunic, which sepa- 
rates it from the other structures of the orbit, and 
forms a smooth, hollow surface, by which its mo- 
tions are facilitated. This investment has been 
356 
FACE 
called cell'ular capsule of the eye, oc'ular capsule, 
tu'nica vayina'lis oc'uli, vay"inal coat, and sub- 
mus'cular fascia of the eye. The vessels of the 
eye proceed from the ophthalmic artery. The 
nerves, except the optic, are chiefly furnished 
from the ophthalmic ganglion. The following 
are the dimensions, &c., of the organ, on the au- 
thority of Petit, Young, Gordon, and Brewster: 
Length of the antero-posterior diameter of 
the eye, 0.91 
Vertical chord of the cornea, 0.45 
Versed sine of the cornea, 0.11 
Horizontal chord of the cornea, 0.47 
Size of pupil seen through the cornea, 0.27 to 0.13 
Size of pupil diminished by magnifying power 
of cornea to, from .0.25 to 0.12 
Radius of the anterior surface of the crystal- 
line, 0.30 
Radius of posterior surface, 0.22 
Principal focal distance of lens, 1.73 
Distance of the centre of the optic nerve from 
the foramen centrale of Sbmmering, 0.11 
Distance of the iris from the cornea, 0.10 
Distance of the iris from the anterior surface 
of the crystalline 0.02 
Field of vision above a horizontal line, 50° 1 
Field of vision below a horizontal line, 70° J 
Field of vision in a horizontal plane, 150° 
Diameter of the crystalline in a woman above 
fifty years of age, 0.378 
Diameter of the cornea, 0.400 
Thickness of the crystalline, 0.172 
Thickness of the cornea, 0.042 
Eye, Apple, see Melum- e. Balm, Hydrastis 
Canadensis-e. Bright, Euphrasia officinalis, Lo- 
belia- e. Cat's, amaurotic, see Amaurotic-e. 
Cellular capsule of the, see Eye - e. Drop, Tear. 
Eye Glass, Scaphium oculare, see Specta- 
cles. Also, a glass adapted for the application 
of collyria to the eye. 
Eye, Gum of the, Chassie-e. Lashes, Cilia- - 
e. Lid, Palpebra-e. Lid, Granular, Trachoma- 
e. Melon, see Melum - e. Purulent, Ophthalmia, 
purulent, of infants - e. Salve, Singleton's, Un- 
guentum Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi; Eye-salve, 
Smellome's, see Cupri subacetas-e. Sight of the, 
Pupil. 
Eye Stone. The shelly operculum of small 
turbinideae. Used at Guernsey to get things out 
of the eyes. Being put into the inner corner of 
the eye, under the eyelid, it works its way out 
at the outer corner, and brings out any foreign 
substance with it.-Gray. 
Eye Teeth, Canine teeth-e. of Typhon, Scil- 
la-e. Water, Collyrium-e. Water, common, Li- 
quor zinci sulphatis cum camphor&.- e. Water, 
blue, Liquor cupri ammoniati - e. Watery, Epi- 
phora-e. White of the, see Sclerotic. 
F. 
FABA, Phaseolus, Vicia faba - f. jFgyptiaca, 
Nymphaea nelumbo - f. Cathartica, Jatropha 
curcas - f. Crassa, Sedum telephium - f. Febri- 
fuga, Ignatia amara-f. Grseca, Diospyros lotus 
- f. Indica, Ignatia amara - f. Major, Vicia 
faba-f. Pechurei, Tetranthera Pechurim - f. 
Peehurim, Tetranthera pechurim - f. Purgatrix, 
Ricinus communis - f. Sancti Ignatii, Ignatia 
amara - f. Suilla, Hyoscyamns- f. Vulgaris, 
Vicia faba. 
FAB2E, Onisci aselli. 
FABAGELLE, Zygophyllum fagabo. 
FABARIA CRASSULA, Sedum telephium. 
FABRICA ANDROGYNA, Hermaphrodeity. 
FACE, Facies, Vultus, Voltus, Proso'pon, (F.) 
Face. The face is the anterior par! of the head. 
It is formed of 13 bones, viz. the two superior 
maxillary, the two malar, the two ossa nasi, the 
two ossa unguis, the vomer, the two ossa spongiosa 
inferiora, the two palate bones, and the inferior FACE 
maxillary, without including the frontal portion 
of the os frontis, and the 32 teeth, which may be 
considered to form part of it. Its numerous 
muscles are chiefly destined for the organs of 
sight, hearing, taste, and smell. Its arteries 
proceed from the external carotid: its veins end 
in the jugular, and its nerves draw their origin 
immediately from the brain. 
The face experiences alterations in disease, 
which it is important to attend to. It is yellow 
in jaundice, pale and puffy in dropsy ; and its 
expression is very different, according to the seat 
of irritation, so that, in infants, by an attention 
to medical physiognomy, we can often detect the 
seat of disease. 
Hippocrates has well depicted the change 
which it experiences in one exhausted by long 
sickness, by great evacuations, excessive hunger, 
watchfulness, <fcc., threatening dissolution. Hence 
this state has been called Facies Hippocrat'ica, 
Facies Cadaver'ica, F. Tortua'lis. In this, the 
nose is pinched; the eyes are sunk ; the temples 
hollow; the ears cold, and retracted; the skin 
of the forehead tense, and dry; the complexion 
livid; the lips pendent, relaxed, and cold, <fcc. 
The term Face (F.) is likewise given to one of 
the aspects of an organ; thus, we say, the supe- 
rior face of the stomach. 
FACE, 1NJECTEE, see Vultueux-f. Vul- 
tueuse, see Vultueux. 
FACET', (F.) Facette. Diminutive of Face. A 
small face. A small, circumscribed portion of 
the surface of a bone, as the articular facette of 
a bone. 
FACHINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These springs are at no great distance from those 
of Geilenau, and two miles north ofWisbaden. 
They contain free carbonic acid ; carbonate, sul- 
phate, and phosphate of soda; chloride of sodium, 
carbonate of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
FA'CIAL, Facia'lis. Belonging to, or con- 
nected with, the face. 
Facial Angle, see Angle, facial. 
Facial Artery, La'bial artery, An'gular or 
external max'illary artery, A. palato-labial- 
(Ch.) is a branch of the external carotid, which 
rises beneath the digastricus, and is distributed 
to almost every part of the face. It furnishes 
the inferior palatal, submental, superior labial, 
inferior labial, and dorsalis nasi. 
Facial Line, see Angle, facial. 
Facial Nerve, Portio dura of the 'I th pair, 
Ramus du'rior sep'timer conjugatio'nis, Sympa- 
thet'icus minor, Res'piratory nerve of the face, 
Par sep'timum sive facia'le, Commit.'nicans faciei 
nervus. This nerve arises from the inferior and 
lateral part of the tuber annulare, in the groove 
which separates it from the medulla oblongata, 
external to the corpora olivaria, and by the side 
of the auditory nerve. It issues from the cranium 
by the meatus auditorius intern us; enters the 
aqueduct of Fallopius; receives a branch of the 
Vidian nerve; forms a gangliform swelling-Intu- 
mescen'tia gangliform' is ;-sends off filaments to 
the internal muscles of the malleus and stapes; 
furnishes, according to many anatomists, that 
called Chorda Tynipani; makes its exit at the 
foramen stylo-mastoideum, and divides into two 
branches-the temporo-facial, and cervico-facial. 
On the face it is termed, Pes anseri'nus, Plexus 
nervo'rum anseri'nus. See Portio Wrisbergii. 
Facial Vein, Pal'ato-labial-(Ch.,) arises be- 
tween the skin and frontalis muscle, and bears 
the name V. Fronta'lis, (F.) Veine frontale ou 
V. Prfparate. It then descends, vertically, to- 
wards the greater angle of the eye, where it is 
called Angula'ris; and afterwards descends, 
obliquely, on the face, to open into the internal 
357 
FAGUS 
jugular, after having received branches, which 
correspond with those of the facial artery. It is 
only in the latter part of its course that it is 
called Facial Vein. Chaussier calls the external 
carotid artery, Facial Artery. 
FA'CIENT, faciens, 'making,' from facio, 'I 
make.' A suffix, as in Calefacient, Rubefacient, 
&c., 'warm making,' 'red making.' 
FACIES, Face - f. Cadaverica, see Face - f. 
Concava pedis, Sole-f. Hippocratica, see Face- 
f. Inferior pedis, Sole-f. Tortualis, see Face. 
FACTICE, Factitious. 
FACTIT"IOUS, Factit"ius, (F.) Factice, from 
facere, 'to make.' Artificial. That which is 
made by art, in opposition to what is natural or 
found already existing in nature. Thus, we say, 
factitious mineral waters, for artificial mineral 
waters. 
FACULTAS, Faculty-f. Auctrix, Plastic force 
-f. Formatrix, Plastic force - f. Nutrix, Plastic 
force-f. Vegetative, Plastic force-f. Zotica, Vis 
vitalis. 
FACULTATES NATURALES, see Function. 
FAC'ULTY, Facultas, Dy'namis, Power, Vir- 
tue. The power of executing any function or act. 
The collection of the intellectual faculties consti- 
tutes the understanding. We say, also, vital fa- 
culties for vital properties, Ac. 
FA5CAL, Stercoraceous-f. Retention, Consti- 
pation. 
FASCES, Plural of Fax; Feces, Chersa, 'the 
dregs of any thing.' Fec'ulence, (F.) Feces. The 
alvine evacuations are so called; (F.) Garderobes; 
the excrements, Impurita'tes alvina, Facal mat- 
ter. See Excrement. 
Fjeces Indurate, Scybala. 
FASCOSITAS, Feculence. 
FjECULA, Fecula. 
FA3CULENTIA, Feculence. 
FASCUNDATIO, Fecundatio. 
FAJCUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
FA3X, Feculence. 
FAGA'RA OCTAN'DRA, Elaph'rium tomen- 
to'surn, Am'yris tomento'sum, from fagus, ' the 
beech,' which it resembles. The systematic name 
of the plant, which affords Tacamaha'ca, a resi- 
nous substance, that exudes from the tree Taca- 
mahaca, which has a fragrant, delightful smell, 
was formerly in high estimation, as an ingredient 
in warm, stimulating plasters, and was given in- 
ternally, like the balsams generally. The East 
India Tacamahac, Bal'samum Vir'ide, O'leum 
Mar'ia, Bal'samum Cal'aba, Balsamum maria, 
Baume vert, is yielded by Calophyl'lum inophyl'- 
lum seu Balsama'ria Inophyl'lum. 
The name Tacamahac is also given to a resin 
furnished by Pop'ulus balsamif'era seu tacama- 
ha'ca, which grows in the northern parts of Ame- 
rica and Siberia. 
Fagara Piperi'ta, (F.) Fagarier poivre; a 
native of Japan, possesses the qualities of pepper, 
and is used as such by the Japanese. It is, also, 
employed as a rubefacient cataplasm. 
FAGARAS'TRUM CAPEN'SE. Nat. Ord. 
Xanthoxylese. A South African plant, the fruit 
of which is known to the Colonists as wild Car- 
damom; and, on account of its aromatic quali- 
ties, is prescribed in flatulency and paralysis. 
FAGARIER POIVRE, Fagara octandria. 
FAGOPYRUM, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
FAGUS, F. sylvatica. 
Fagus Casta'nea. The systematic name ot 
the Chestnut Tree; Casta'nea, C. vulga'ris, Cas 
ta'nca vcsca, Lo'pima, Mota, Glans Jovis Theo- 
PHRASTI, Ju'piter's Acorn, Sardinian Acorn; the 
Common Chestnut, (F.) Chatagnier commun. Fa- 
mily, Amentaceae. Sex. Sy st. Moneecia Polyan- FAIBLESSE 
dria. The Chestnut, Casta'nea nux, (F.) Cha- 
taigne, is farinaceous and nutritious, but not easy 
of digestion. 
Fagus Castanea Pu'mila. The Chin'capin 
or Chinquapin, Castanea Pumila, (F.) 
nain. The nut of this American tree is eaten 
like the chestnut. The bark, Castanea, (Ph. U. 
S.) has been used in intermittents. 
Fagus Purpurea, F. sylvatica. 
Fagus Sylvat'ica. The systematic name of 
the Beech, Fagus, F. sylves'tris seu purpu'rea, 
Oxya, Balan'da, Valan'ida; the Beech Tree, 
(F.) Hetre. The Beech-nut or Beech-mast, (F.) 
Faine, affords an oil, by expression, which is of 
a palatable character, and is eaten in some places 
instead of butter. It has been supposed to be a 
good vermifuge, but it is no better than any 
mild oil. 
Fagus Sylvestris, F. Sylvatica. 
FAIBLESSE, Debility. 
FAIM, Hunger-f. Canine, Boulimia-f. de 
Loup, Fames lupina. 
FAINE, see Fagus sylvatica. 
FAINTING, Syncope. 
FAINTING-FIT, Syncope. 
FAINTISHNESS, see Syncope. 
FAINTNESS, Languor, Syncope. 
FAIRBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
mineral waters at this place, which is in the 
county of Ross, in Scotland, are sulphureous, 
and frequented. 
FAISCEAU, Fasciculus-f. Intemldiaire de 
Wrisberg, Portio Wrisbergii - f. Petit, Fasci- 
culus. 
FALCADINA, Scherlievo. 
FAL'CIFORM, Falcifor'mis, Drepano'i'des, 
from falx, 'a scythe,'and forma, 'shape.' Having 
the shape of a scythe. This term has been ap- 
plied to different parts. See Falx, and Sinus. 
Falciform Expansion of the Fascia Lata 
is the scythe-shaped reflection of the fascia lata, 
which forms, outwards and upwards, the opening 
for the vena saphaena, and is attached to the 
crural arch by its superior extremity, forming 
the anterior paries of the canal of the same name. 
FALLACIA, Hallucination. 
Fallacia Optica. An optic illusion. 
358 
1 FALSIFICATION 
FALLOPIAN TUBE, see Tube, Fallopian. 
FALLTRANCK, Faltranck (G.),literally, 
a drink against falls. A vulnerary. It is a 
mixture of several aromatic and slightly astrin- 
gent plants, which grow chiefly in the Swiss 
Alps, and hence the name-Vuliieraire Suisse- 
given to such dried plants cut into fragments. 
They are called, also, Espices Vulneraires, and 
The Suisse. Within the present century, in Eng- 
land, a kind of vulnerary beer was often pre- 
scribed, in country practice, in all cases of in- 
ward bruises. It bore the name Cerevis'ia nigra, 
or black beer, and was formed by infusing certain 
reputed vulnerary herbs in beer or ale. 
The infusion of the Falltranck is aromatic, and 
slightly agreeable, but of no use in the cases for 
which it has been particularly recommended. 
FALMOUTH, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
of Falmouth in Cornwall, England, resembles 
that of Penzance: and, like it, is in many re- 
spects, a favourable retreat for the phthisical 
during the winter months. 
FALSA VIA, False passage. 
FALSE, FalsuSfNothuSfPseudo, Spu'rious, Bas- 
tard, (F.) Faux, Fausse. This epithet has been 
frequently added to peripneumony, pleurisy, <tc., 
to designate a disease similar to these, but less 
severe. Most commonly, a severe catarrh or 
pleurodynia has received the name. See Peri- 
pneumonia notha. 
False Passage, FalsaVia, (F.) FausseRoute. 
An accidental passage, made in surgical opera- 
tions, and particularly in introducing the cathe- 
ter. The catheter is sometimes passed through 
into the rectum. 
False Waters, Hydrallan'te, False Delivery. 
Water, which sometimes collects between the 
amnion and chorion, and is commonly discharged 
before the birth of the child. 
We say, also, False Ribs, False Rhubarb, <fcc. 
FALSETTO VOICE, see Voice. 
FALSIFICATION, Adultera'tio, from falsus, 
'false,' and facere, 'to make.' A fraudulent imi- 
tation or alteration of an aliment or medicine by 
different admixtures. Manga'nium, Manganisa'- 
tio. It is synonymous with adulteration and 
sophistication. 
TABLE OF COMMON FALSIFICATIONS OF SOME OF THE MOST USEFUL 
DRUGS, <fcc. 
Medicines. 
Adulterations. 
Mode of Detection. 
Acacia: Gummi. 
Acetitm Destilla- 
TUM. 
Acidum Muriati- 
CUM. 
Nitricum. 
SuLPHURI- 
CUM. 
ClTRICUM. 
Gum Senegal. 
Sulphuric Acid 
Nitric Acid............ 
Copper 
Lead.................. 
Sulphuric Acid 
Muriatic and Sulphuric 
Acids. 
Muriatic and Nitric 
Acids. 
Tartaric and Oxalic 
Acids. 
'G. S. is clammy and tenacious. The A. G. is 
perfectly soluble in water, and its solution 
limpid. 
Acetate of barytes causes a white precipitate. 
By evaporating it, the residuum deflagrates, when 
thrown on burning charcoal. 
Supersaturate with ammonia - a blue colour is 
produced. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen causes a dark precipitate. 
' Deposites by evaporation the salts it may con- 
tain ; precipitates with solution of hydrochlo- 
rate of baryta if it contains sulphuric acid. 
rThe presence of chlorine is indicated by a preci- 
pitate with nitrate of silver: that of sulphuric 
acid by the same result with hydrochlorate of 
baryta. 
The presence of muriatic and nitric acid is indi- 
cated by the smell, when the acid tested is 
strongly heated. 
Their presence is indicated by forming a granu- 
lar sediment in a concentrated solution of a 
neutral salt of potassa. FALSIFICATION 
359 
FALSIFICATION 
Medicines. 
Adulterations. 
Mode of Detection. 
Too dilute. 
The S. G. detects this. 
jEther Rectifica- 
Sulphuric Acid ........ 
By acetate of baryta. Precipitate white. 
TUS. 
Alcohol ■ 
With phosphorus a milky instead of limpid solu- 
tion is formed. 
Aqua Ammonite. 
Carbonic Acid 
A precipitation occurs on adding a solution of 
muriate of lime. 
Ammonite Carro- 
It should be capable of complete volatilization 
NAS. 
by heal. 
rThe Gutter Ammoniaci are white, clear, and dry. 
Ammoniacum 
The lump Ammoniacum, lapis Ammoniaci, is often 
adulterated with common resin. 
f 
It ought to be entirely volatilized by a red heat. 
Imparts a foliated texture, and is not vaporizable. 
Ammonii Sulphure- 
TUM. 
Lead. 
Arsenic ............... 
' A smell of garlic is emitted when thrown on live 
coals, Ac. 
Manganese and Iron. 
Are not vaporizable. 
' The solution assumes a blue colour, when super- 
saturated with ammonia. It may be suspected 
when the salt deliquesces. 
The adulteration with nitrate of potassa is easily 
Argenti Nitras. 
Nitrate of Potassa. 
recognized by the fracture of a stick of it, which 
is radiated when pure, and granular if adulte- 
rated ; or by precipitating a solution of the 
salts with a sufficient quantity of muriatic acid, 
and evaporating the clear liquor: the nitrate 
of potassa or other salts will remain. 
Absenicum Album. 
' Chalk, Sulphate of Lime, 
Sulphate of Baryta. 
Not volatizable by heat. 
Balsamum Peruvi- 
A mixture of Besin and 
some Volatile Oil, with 
Not easily detected. 
A TN U M. 
Benzoin. 
' Chloride of Sodium 
This disposes it to deliquesce. 
Capsicum. 
Digest in acetic acid, and add a solution of sul- 
Cayenne Pepper. 
Bed Lead ............. 
phuret of ammonia - a dark-coloured precipi- 
tate will be produced. 
A mixture of dried blood, 
Castoreum. 
Castor. 
gum ammoniac, and a 
little real castor, stuffed 
Smell and taste will generally detect the fraud. 
into the scrotum of a 
Cera Flava. 
Yellow Wax. 
1 goat. 
Earth or Peasmeal 
Besin................. 
' May be suspected when the cake is brittle and 
colour grayish. 
Put it in cold alcohol, which will dissolve the 
resin, without acting on the wax. 
Is known by the greater softness and unctuosity, 
Tallow ............... 
and its smell when melted. Turmeric is gene- 
rally added in this case to obviate the paleness. 
Cera Alba. 
White Lead ........... 
Melt the wax, the oxide will subside. 
White Wax. 
Tallow ............... 
The cake has not its ordinary translucency. 
Cinchona. 
Bark. 
This is variously adulte- 
rated, but generally with 
the Carthagena and' 
Can only be detected by practice, and examining 
into the quantity of quinia or cinchonia it 
other inferior barks. 
Coccus. 
Cochineal. 
'Pieces of dough formed 
in moulds, and coloured 
with cochineal. 
Throw it into water, the adulteration will appear. 
' The true is distinguishable from the false Colomba 
by adding to an infusion of the root, a few drops 
of solution of sulph. iron, which gives to the 
infusion of the false Colomba a greenish black 
Colomba. 
colour; but produces no change in the other. 
If it does not retain its spherical form when dropped 
into water, its adulteration may be inferred. 
Copaiba. 
OU 
Mix one part of strong liquid ammonia of 22°, 
Balsam of Copaiva. 
with three parts of copaiba. If pure, the mix- 
ture will, in a few minutes, become transparent; 
if not, it will remain opake. 
Crocus. 
Saffron. 
Fibres of smoked Beef.. 
Petals of the Calendula i 
officinalis, and Cartha- < 
mus Tinctorius. I 
Affords an unpleasant odour when thrown on 
live coals. 
Infuse the specimen in hot water, and the diffe- 
rence will be perceptible. FALSIFICATION 
360 
FALSIFICATION 
Medicines. 
Adulterations. 
Mode of Detection. 
Cubeba. 
Cubebs. 
Cusparias Cortex. 
Any ustura Bark. 
Guaiaci Resina. 
Resin of Guaiacum. 
Turkey Yellow Berries, 
or the dried fruit of the ■ 
Rhamnus Catharticus. 
False Angustura some- 
times sold for it. 
Common Resin ......... 
Detected by attentive examination. 
The epidermis of the true Cusparia is character- 
ized by being covered with a matter resembling 
the rust of iron. 
Detected by the turpentine smell emitted when 
thrown upon hot coals. 
' Add to the tincture a few drops of spirit of nitre, 
and dilute with water; the guaicum is precipi- 
tated-the adulteration floats in the white striae. 
A precipitation will be produced by the carbonate 
of potass, from a solution made by boiling the 
suspected sample with a small portion of mu- 
riate of ammonia in distilled water; or, the 
presence of deuto-chloride of mercury is indi- 
cated, by warming gently a small quantity of 
calomel in alcohol, filtering and adding to the 
clear liquor some lime-water, by which a red- 
dish yellow precipitate is afforded. When 
calomel is rubbed with a fixed alkali, it ought 
to become intensely black, and not exhibit any 
orange hue. 
Digest in acetic acid : add sulphuret of ammonia, 
which will produce a dark coloured precipitate. 
It should be totally volatilized by heat. 
Digest in acetic acid, and add sulphuret of am- 
monia-a black precipitate will be produced. 
Manchineel Gum 
Hydrargyri Chlo- 
ridum Mite. 
Calomel. 
Hydrargyri Oxi- 
Corrosive Sublimate, and 
Subnitrate of Bismuth. 
Red Lead 
Red Lead 
dum Rubrum. 
Red Precipitate. 
Hydrargyri Sul- 
phuretum Rubrum 
Hydrargyri Sul- 
Throw a suspected portion on hot coals-the re- 
phuretum Nigrum. 
siduum will detect the fraud. 
Iodine. 
Plumbago, Charcoal, and 
Oxide of Manganese. 
' The tests of its purity are - that it is perfectly 
soluble in ether. Heated on a piece of glass or 
porcelain, it sublimes without residuum. 
Jalap.e Radix. 
Jalap Root. 
Bryony Root, spurious or 
false Jalap Root, and 
, Liquorice Root. 
Lime ................. 
' Bryony root is of a paler colour, and less compact 
texture, and does not easily burn at the flame 
of a candle. Liquorice is detected by the taste. 
Detected by the solution in dilute sulphuric acid 
Magnesia. 
affording a precipitate with oxalate of ammonia. 
Sulphuret of Lime...... 
* 
Gives off when moistened, the smell of sulphu- 
retted hydrogen. 
Magnesi.e Subcar- 
Detected by adding dilute sulphuric acid to the 
suspected substance, when, if chalk be present, 
bonas. 
Carbonate of Magne- 
sia. 
there will be a white insoluble precipitate. 
Gypsum............... 
A factitious article, con- 
Boil in distilled water, and test the solution by a 
barytic and oxalic reagent. 
Manna. 
sitting of honey or 
sugar, mixed with scam- ■ 
The colour, weight, transparency and taste detect 
it. 
mony, is sometimes sold 
for it. 
1 
Morphia et ejus 
Morphia and its salts, when placed in contact 
with nitric acid, are coloured red; with per- 
salts of iron, blue. They are perfectly soluble 
Sales. 
Morphia and its 
in warm alcohol, and acidulated warm water. 
When morphia is mixed with narcotina, the 
Salts. 
adulteration is ascertained by mixing them with 
sulphuric ether, which dissolves the narcotina, 
without sensibly affecting the morphia. 
The bag must not appear to have been opened. 
Moschus. 
Dried Blood........... 
This may be suspected, if it emits a fetid smoke 
when inflamed. 
Musk. 
Asphaltum 
Discovered by its melting and running, before it 
inflames. 
Olea Destillata. 
Fine particles of Lead .. 
Fixed Oils ............ 
Rub with water. The metallic particles will subside. 
Touch writing paper with it, and hold it before 
the fire: fixed oil leaves a stain of grease. 
Essential Oils. 
Add water. A milkiness and increase of tempe- 
rature occurs. 
Oleum Ricinl 
Olive or Almond or Pop- 
Alcohol S. G. '820 will mix with any proportion 
Castor Oil. 
py Oil. 
of castor oil, whilst it dissolves very little of 
the others. FALTRANCK 
361 
FARCTURA 
Medicines. 
Adulterations. 
Mode of Detection. 
Extract of Liquorice, 
Bullets and Stones 
The best opium is covered with leaves and the 
sometimes in it; Ex- 
reddish capsules of a species of Rumex. The 
Opium. 
tract of Poppy, of Che- 
inferior kinds have capsules adherent. It is bad 
lidonium majus; G. 
when soft and friable, when intensely black or 
Arabic, G. Trag&canth, 
mixed with many impurities, and when sweet. 
Linseed Oil, Cow's 
Dung. 
The quantity of morphia affords the best test. 
' The adulteration is ascertained by precipitating a 
POTASSII lODIDUM. 
Iodide of Potassium. 
Chlorides of Potassium 
solution of the salt with nitrate of silver, and 
and Sodium, Nitrate of < 
treating the precipitate with ammonia, which 
Potassa. 
dissolves the chloride of silver, without acting 
Quinia: Sulphas. 
Mannite............... 
upon the iodide of this metal. 
' Leaves no residue when submitted to calcination: 
is perfectly soluble in warm alcohol, and in 
Sulphate of Quinia. 
water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
Strychnia: et ejus 
Sales. 
Brucia 
They are free from brucia when no colour is pro- 
Strychnia and its 
duced by contact with nitric acid. 
Salts. 
Zinci Oxydum. 
Chalk 
Sulphuric acid excites an effervescence. 
Flowers of Zinc. 
White Lead 
Sulphuric acid forms an insoluble sulphate of lead. 
FALTRANCK, Falltranck. 
FALX. Anatomists have given this name to 
several membranous reflections having the shape 
of a falx or scythe. 
Falx Cerebel'li, (F.) Faux du cervelet, Falx 
minor, Septum median du cervelet (Ch.,) Septum 
Cerebel'li, Proces'sus falcifor'mis Cerebel'li, Sep- 
tum Parvum occipita'le, is a triangular process 
of the dura mater opposite the internal occipital 
protuberance. Its base is attached to the middle 
of the tentorium, and its top or apex bifurcates, 
to proceed to the sides of the foramen magnum. 
Its convex surface is towards the cranium, and 
its concave in the fissure or groove, which sepa- 
rates the two lobes of the cerebellum. 
Falx Cer'ebri, Septum Cerebri, Falx major, 
Ver'tical supe'rior longitu'dinal proc"ess, Media- 
sti'num cerebri, (F.) Faux du cerveau, Repli longi- 
tudinal de la meninge, (Ch.,) Proces'sus falcifor- 
mis durce matris. The greatest process of the 
dura mater. It extends from the fore to the hind 
part of the skull, on the median line; is broad 
behind, and narrow before, and is lodged in the 
groove which separates the hemispheres from 
each other-the interlobular fissure. At its supe- 
rior part is situated the longitudinal sinus {supe- 
rior,) and at its lower, corresponding to the edge 
of the scythe, the inferior longitudinal sinus. Its 
anterior extremity is attached to the crista galli; 
its posterior is continuous with the tentorium ce- 
rebelli, and contains the straight sinus. 
Falx Major, Falx cerebri - f. Minor, Falx 
cerebelli. 
Falx of the Peritoneum, Great, Falx peri- 
tone'i max'ima, (F.) Grande faux du piritoine, 
Faux de la Veine Ombilicale, Falx of the umbi- 
lical vein, is a reflection of the peritoneum, which 
ascends from the umbilicus to the anterior and 
inferior surface of the liver. 
Falces of the Peritone'um, Lesser, Falces 
Peritone'i min'ima, (F.) Petites faux duperitoine, 
are the lateral ligaments of the liver and the re- 
flections which the peritoneum forms, raised up 
by the umbilical arteries. 
Falx of the Umbilical Vein, Falx, great, 
of the Peritoneum. 
FAMEL'ICA FEBRIS, from fames, 'hunger.' 
Fever accompanied with insatiable hunger.- 
Sylvius. 
FAMELICUS, Hungry. 
FAMES, Hunger - f. Bovina, Boulimia - f. 
Canina, Boulimia. 
Fames Lupi'na, Ly corex'is, (F.) Faim de Loup. 
Authors have described, under this name, a kind 
of boulimia, or depravation of the digestive func- 
tion, in which the patient eats voraciously, and 
passes his food, almost immediately afterwards, 
per anum. 
FAMEX, Contusio. 
FAMIGERATIS'SIMUM EMPLAS'TRUM, 
from fama, ' fame,' and gero, ' I wear.' A plaster, 
extolled in ague, and made of aromatic, irritating 
snbstances. It was applied to the wrist. 
FAMILIARICA SELLA, Close stool. 
FAMILY DISEASES, see Hereditary. 
FAMIS, Contusio. 
FAMIX, Contusio. 
FANCULUM, Anethum. 
FANCY MARK, Nsevus. 
FANG, Radix. 
FANON (F.) from (G.) Fahne,'a banner,* 
'ensign,' 'standard.' Fcr'ula, Lec'tulus stra- 
min'eus, Thor'ulus stramin'eus. A splint of a 
particular shape, employed in fractures of the 
thigh and leg to keep the bones in contact. 
The Fanons were divided into true and false. 
The true consists of a cylinder of straw, strongly 
surrounded with a cord or riband, in the centre 
of which a stick is usually placed to ensure its 
solidity. The false consists of a thick piece of 
linen, made flat like a compress, and folded at 
the extremities. It was placed between the frac- 
tured limb and the true/anon. The Drap-fanon 
is a large piece of common cloth placed between 
the fractured limb, in which the fanons or lateral 
splints are rolled. 
FANTOM, Phantom, from <pavracfia, 'a spectre.* 
(F.) Phant6me, FantSme, Mannequin, Man'nekin. 
This word has two acceptations. It means the 
spectres and images which the imagination pre- 
sents to the sick, when asleep or awake; and, 
also, the figure on which surgeons practise the 
application of bandages, or the accoucheur the 
manual part of midwifery, - Phanto'ma obstet- 
rie"ium. 
FARCIMINALIS MEMBRANA seu TU- 
NICA, Allantois. 
FARCINOMA, Equinia. 
FARCTU'RA, Fartu'ra; from farcire, 'to 
stuff.' The operation of introducing medicinal FARCTUS 
substances into the cavities of animals or of 
fruits, which have been previously emptied. 
FARCTUS, Emphraxis, 
FARCY GLANDERS, see Equinia. 
FARD, Paint. 
FAR DE AU, Mole. 
FARFARA, Tussilago-f. Bechium, Tussilago. 
FARI'NA, Al'phiton, Crimnon, Al'eton, Aleu'- 
ron, Ale'ma, from far, ' corn/ of which it is made. 
Meal or flour. The powder, obtained by grind- 
ing the seeds of the gramineous, leguminous, and 
cucurbitaceous plants in particular. It is highly 
nutritious, and is much used, dietetically as well 
as medicinally. 
Leath's Alimen'tary Fari'na, or Homoepath'ic 
Farina'ceous Food, is said to consist principally 
of wheat flour, slightly baked, and sweetened 
with sugar, together with potato flour and a very 
small quantity of Indian corn meal and tapioca. 
Farina Amygdalarum, see Amygdala. 
Farina, Compounded, Raster's, is said to 
consist of wheat flour, sweetened with sugar. 
Farina, Nutritious, Maidman's, is said to 
consist of potato flour, artificially coloured of a 
pink or rosy hue, the colouring matter being pro- 
bably rose pink. 
Farina Trit'ici, wheaten flour; F. Seca'lis, 
Rye flour or meal; F. Hordei, Barley meal; F. 
Avena'cea, Oat meal, <fcc. See Amylum. 
Farina: Resolvent'es, (F.) Farines Resolu- 
tives. This name was formerly given to a mix- 
ture of the farina of four different plants; the 
lupine, Ltipinus albus, the Emum Emilia, the 
Vicia faba, and the Barley, Hordeum distichum. 
They were recommended to form cataplasms. 
FARINA'CEOUS, Farina'ceus, Farino'sus, 
(F.) Farineux, Mealy. Having the appearance 
or nature of farina. A term given to all articles 
of food which contain farina. The term Farina- 
cea includes all those substances, called cerealia, 
legumina, &e., which contain farina, and are em- 
ployed as nutriment. 
Hard's farinaceous food is fine wheat flour, 
which has been subjected to some heating process. 
Braden's farinaceous food is said to be wheat 
flour, baked. 
In Pathology, the epithet farinaceous, (F.) fa- 
rineux, is applied to certain eruptions, in which 
the epidermis exfoliates in small particles similar 
to farina. 
Farinaceous Food, Braden's, see Farina- 
ceous-f. Food, Hard's, see Farinaceous-f. Food, 
Homoeopathic, see Farinaceous. 
Farinaceous Food, Plumbe's, is said to con- 
sist principally of bean or pea flour, most pro- 
bably the former, with a little Tacca arrowroot, 
some potato flour, and a very little Maranta 
arrowroot. 
Farinaceous Food, Prince Albert's, "for 
infants and invalids of all ages," is said to con- 
sist entirely of wheat flour, slightly baked. 
FARINARIUM, Alica. 
FARINES RESOLUTIVES, Farinae resol- 
ventes. 
FA R TNE UX, Farinaceous. 
FARINOSUS, Farinaceous. 
FARRIER, Hippiater. 
FART, Sax. Tape, from Teut. fahren, 'to go 
-fart, ' a voyage.' (G.) Furz. Bdellus, Bdolus, 
Bdelyg'mia, Bdelyg'mus, Porda, Physa, Physe, 
Flatus, Crep'itus, (F.) Pet. A sonorous or other 
discharge of wind from behind. A low word, 
but of respectable parentage. 
FARTURA, Farctura. 
FARTUS, Emphraxis. 
FAS'CIA. from fascis, 'a bundle.' Liga'tio, 
Ligatu'ra, Alligatu'ra, Anades'mus, Vin'cula, 
Spar'ganon, Epides'mos, Vinctu'ra. A bandage, 
362 
FASCIA 
fillet, roller, ligature. The aponeurotic expan- 
sions of muscles, which bind parts together, are, 
likewise, termed Fasciae : - Aponeuroses, Peri- 
mys'ia. See, also, Taenia. 
Fascia Aponeurotica Femoris, Fascia lata 
aponeurosis - f. Capitalis, Bonnet d'Hippocrate, 
Capelina - f. Capitis, Diadema-f. Cooperi, F. 
Transversalis. 
Fascia, Crib'riform, Fascia Cribrifor'mis. 
The sieve-like portion of the fascia lata; so called 
from its being pierced by numerous openings for 
the passage of lymphatic vessels. 
Fascia DentA'ta, Corps godronne of Vicq 
d'Azyr. A hand of gray matter seen beneath 
the taenia hippocampi on raising it up, which 
runs along the inner border of the cornu ammonia. 
It is, as it were, crenated by transverse furrows. 
Fascia Digitalis, Gantelet-f. Diophthalmica, 
Binoculus - f. Dividens, Dividing bandage - f. 
Heliodori, T bandage. 
Fascia Ili'aca, Il'iac aponeuro'sis. An apo- 
neurosis which proceeds from the tendon of the 
psoas minor, or which arises from the anterior 
surface of the psoas magnus, when the former 
muscle does not exist. It is attached, externally, 
to the inner edge of the crest of the ilium, below, 
and anteriorly - on one'side, to the crural arch, 
sending an expansion to the fascia transversalis; 
and on the other, continuous with the deep- 
seated lamina of the fascia lata, which forms the 
posterior paries of the crural canal. Within and 
behind, the fascia iliaca is attached to the brim 
of the pelvis, and is continuous with the aponeu- 
rosis, which M. Jules Cloquet has called Pelvian. 
The iliac aponeurosis covers the iliac and psoas 
muscles, which it separates from the peritoneum. 
Fascia Inguinalis, Spica. 
Fascia Lata. A name given by anatomists 
to an aponeurosis, and to a muscle. 
Fascia Lata Aponeurosis, Fascia aponett- 
rot'ica fem'oris, Vagi'na fem'oris, Crural or 
Fem'oral Aponeurosis, is the most extensive in 
the body, and envelopes all the muscles of the 
thigh. Above, it is attached to the outer edge of 
the ilia; before, it arises from the crural arch by 
two distinct laminae, separated by the femoral 
vessels, and becoming confounded a little below 
the part where the great vena saphaena opens 
into the crural vein. Of these two laminae, the 
one is more anterior and thicker than the other, 
and may be considered as a prolongation of the 
aponeurosis of the external oblique. It is inti- 
mately united to Poupart's ligament. The other, 
which is thinner, is behind, and deeper seated, 
and, after its union with the former, proceeds to 
be inserted into the pubis. Inferiorly, the fascia 
lata becomes confounded with the tendon of the 
triceps, and is attached to the external tuberosity 
of the tibia. The use of the fascia lata, like that 
of other aponeuroses, is to strengthen the action 
of the muscles, <fcc. 
Fascia Lata Muscle, Tensor vagi'na fem'o- 
ris, Fascia'lis, Membrano'sus, Hus'cuius aponiuro' - 
sis vel fascia lata, Mus'cuius fem'oris membrano'- 
sus, (F.) llio-apon&vrosi-femoral, Ilio-aponivroti- 
femoral-(Ch.), Tenseur de Vapon&vrose femorale. 
A muscle, situate at the upper and outer part of 
the thigh. It arises, above, from the outer part 
of the anterior and superior spine of the ilium; 
and is inserted, below, between the two laminae 
of the fascia lata, which it stretches and raises 
when it contracts. 
Fascia, Obturator, see Pelvic aponeuroses- 
f. Pelvic, Internal, see Pelvic aponeuroses - f. 
Pelvic, Lateral, see Pelvic aponeuroses-f. Pel- 
vic, Superior, see Pelvic aponeuroses. 
Fascia Pro'pria. A layer of areolar tissue 
derived from the sheath of the femoral vessels,- FASCIAJ 
-> 
or according to some from the cribriform fascia. 
It is one of the coverings of femoral hernia, and 
is generally pretty dense about the neck of the 
hernia; but thin or even wanting on its fundus. 
Fascia Repens, Spica-f. Scapularis, Scapu- 
lary-f. Sculteti, Bandage of separate strips-f. 
Semicircularis, Taenia semicircularis-f. Spiralis, 
Ascia-f. Stellata, Stella - f. Submuscular, see 
Vaginal, (of the eye.) 
Fascia, Subperitone'al, Subperitone'al apo- 
neuro'sis. A thin tendinous layer on the outer 
surface of the peritoneum. 
Fascia Superficia'lis, Superficial aponeuro'- 
tie of the abdomen and thigh, (F.) Aponivrose su- 
perficielle de Vabdomen et de la cuisse. A very 
thin aponeurosis, which covers the muscles and 
aponeuroses of the abdomen; passes before the 
crural arch, to which it adheres with some degree 
ef force; sends a membranous sheath, which sur- 
rounds the spermatic cord; and is continuous 
with the dartos, which it assists in forming. The 
fascia superficialis presents, beneath the crural 
arch, very distinct fibres, whose direction is pa- 
rallel to the fold of the thigh. It is applied over 
the fascia lata aponeurosis, and is attached, inter- 
nally, to the ascending ramus of the ischium, near 
the root of the corpus cavernosum. Before the 
descent of the testicle from the abdomen, the 
fascia superficialis is very manifestly continuous 
with the Gubernaculum testis. 
Fascia Tformis, T bandage-f. Tortilis, Tour- 
niquet. 
Fascia Transversa'lis, F. Cooperi. An apo- 
neurosis, which separates the transversalis mus- 
cle from the peritoneum in the inguinal region. 
It arises above the posterior edge of the crural 
arch, where it seems to be continuous with the 
aponeurosis of the greater oblique muscle. Above, 
it is lost in the areolar tissue at the internal sur- 
face of the transversalis abdominis. Within, it is 
continuous with the outer edge of the tendon of 
the rectus muscle and Gimbernat's ligament; be- 
low, it is continuous with the aponeurosis of the 
greater oblique, and receives an expansion from 
the Fascia Iliaca. Towards its middle and a little 
above the crural arch, the fascia transversalis has 
the wide orifice of a canal, which is occupied, in 
the female, by the round ligament of the uterus; 
and, in man, furnishes an expansion, that serves 
as a sheath to the spermatic vessels. 
FASCIA, Swathing clothes-f. Ligamentosae 
Coli, see Colon. 
FASCIALIS, Fascia lata muscle, Sartorius-f. 
Longus, Sartorius-f. Sutorius, Sartorius. 
FASCIARUM APPLICATIO, Deligation. 
FASCIATIO, Deligation, see Bandage-f. Cu- 
cullata, Couvrechef. 
FASCIC'ULI INNOMINA'TI. Two large 
bundles of fibres in the interior of the medulla 
oblongata, behind the corpora olivaria, and more 
or less apparent between those bodies and the 
corpora restiformia. They ascend, and become 
apparent in the fourth ventricle, under the name 
Fascic'uli seu Proces'sus ter'etei. 
Fasciculi, Median Posterior, of the Me- 
dulla Oblongata, Funiculi graciles-f. Muscu- 
lorum, see Muscular fibre-f. Pyramidales, Fer- 
rein, pyramids of-f. Teretes, Processus teretes, 
see Fasciculi innominati-f. Teretes Cordis, Co- 
lumn® carneae. 
FASCIC'ULUS, Phacel'lus, Pha'celus, Fas'- 
cicle, from fascis, 'a bundle;* Desme'dion, 'a 
small bundle.' In Anatomy, it is employed in 
this sense; as " a fasciculus of fibres." (F.) Fais- 
ceau ou Petit Faisceau, Trousseau. In Phar- 
macy, it means manip'ulus, Cheirople'thes, xupo- 
'a handful-Musa Brassavolus says,- 
as much as can be held in two fingers. 
363 
FATTY 
Fasciculus Cuneatus, Reinforcement, fascicu- 
lus of-f. of Reinforcement, Reinforcement, F. of. 
FASCINOSUS, Membrosus. 
FASCINUM, Penis. 
FASCIOLA, Bandelette-f. Cinerea, Tubercu- 
lum cinereum-f. Hepatica, Distoma hepaticum 
-f. Humana, Distoma hepaticum-f. Lanceolata, 
Distoma hepaticum. 
FASELUS, Phaseolus vulgaris. 
FASTID'IUM, abridged from fatit tadium. 
Fastidiousness, Squeamishness, or the condition 
of a stomach that is readily affected with nausea. 
Fastidium Cibi, Asitia, Disgust. 
FASTIGIUM, Acme. 
FASTING, from Sax. peej-ran, Limo'six expers 
protrac'ta, Anorex'ia mirab'ilis, Ine'dia, Jeju'- 
nium. Loss or want of appetite, without any 
other apparent affection of the stomach; so that 
the system can sustain almost total abstinence 
for a long time without faintness. Some won- 
derful cases of this kind are on record. See Ab- 
stinence. 
FAT, Pingue'do, Pim'ele, Piar, Piei'ron, Li- 
pos, Stear, Adept, Serum, Sebum, Corpus adipo'- 
sum, Axim'gia, Fat, (F.) Graisse : from G. and 
A. S. Fett. A soft, white, animal substance; 
inodorous ; insipid; oily; inflammable, easy to 
melt; spoiling in the air, and becoming rancid 
by union with oxygen : almost insoluble in alco- 
hol ; insoluble in water; soluble in fixed oils. 
Fat is formed of the immediate principles, stearin, 
margarin and olein, all of which are regarded as 
salts composed of stearic, margaric and oleic 
acids, and a common base, to which, from its 
sweetish taste, the name Glyc"erin has been 
given. To these are, almost always, joined an 
odorous and a colouring principle. Glycerin, Gly- 
ceri'na, has been introduced into the last edition 
of the Pharmacopoeia of the U. 8. (1851), in which 
it is directed to be prepared as follows: - Lead 
plaster, recently prepared and yet fluid; 
water, of each a gallon ; mix : stir briskly for 15 
minutes; allow it to cool and pour off the liquid. 
Evaporate until it has the g. g. 1.15, and pass 
slowly through it a current of sulpho-hydric acid 
until a black precipitate is no longer thrown 
down. Filter and boil until the sulpho-hydric 
acid is driven off, and evaporate the liquid until 
it ceases to lose weight. Glycerin is a colourless 
or straw-coloured syrupy fluid; s. g. 1.25. It is 
soluble in water and in alcohol, but not in ether. 
It is used in the form of lotion, composed of half 
an ounce to ten fluidounces of water, in cutaneous 
diseases, as psoriasis, pityriasis, lepra and ichthy- 
osis. It forms a kind of varnish, and might be 
useful in cases of burns. 
Fat is found in a number of animal tissues, and 
is very abundant in the neighbourhood of the 
kidneys and in the epiploon. It is generally fluid 
in the cetacea; soft, and of a strong smell in the 
carnivora; solid, and inodorous in the ruminat- 
ing animal; white, and abundant in young ani- 
mals ; and yellowish in old. It generally forms 
about a twentieth part of the weight of the human 
body. The fat, considered physiologically, has, 
for its function, to protect the organs; maintain 
their temperature; and to serve for nutrition in 
case of need; as is observed in torpid animals. 
Fat, Corpulent-f. Cells, Fatty vesicles - £ 
Mackaw, see Cocos butyracea. 
FATIGATIO, Copos. 
FATIGUE, Copos. 
FATTY, Adipo'sus, Adipa'tus, Pimel'icus, Pi- 
melo'des, Sax.yset; past participle ofpeban, to 
feed, Ad'ipous, Pinguid, Pinguid'inous. Rela- 
ting to fat. Resembling or containing fat. The 
cellular membrane has been called fatty or adi- 
pous; from an opinion that, in its areolee, the fat ia FATUITAS 
deposited. The areolar membrane, however, 
merely lodges, between its lamellae and filaments, 
the vesicles in which the fat is contained. 
Fatty Lig'ament, Ad'ipous ligament. This 
name has been given to a reflection of the syno- 
vial membrane of the knee joint, which passes 
from the ligamentum patellae towards the cavity 
that separates the condyles of the femur. 
Fatty Membrane, Adipous membrane, Adi- 
pous tissue. The subcutaneous areolar tissue, or 
that containing the fatty or adipous vesicles. 
Fatty Ves'icles, Adipous vesicles, Sac'culi 
adipo'si, Fat cells. This name is given to small 
bursae or membranous vesicles which enclose the 
fat, and are found situate in the areolae of the 
areolar tissue. These vesicles vary much in 
size. Generally, they are round and globular; 
and, in certain subjects, receive vessels which are 
very apparent. They form so many small sacs 
without apertures, in the interior of which are 
filaments arranged like septa. In fatty subjects, 
the adipous vesicles are very perceptible, being 
attached to the areolar tissue and neighbouring 
parts by a vascular pedicle. Raspail affirms that 
there is the most striking analogy between the 
nature of the adipose granules and that of the 
amylaceous grains. 
Fatty Vessels, Adipous vessels. The vessels 
connected with the fat. Some anatomists have 
called Adipous canals, (F.) Conduits adipeux, the 
vessels to which they attribute the secretion of fat. 
Fatty Degeneration of the Liver, Adiposis 
hepatica-f. Liver, Adiposis hepatica. 
FATU'ITAS, Moro'sis, Stultit"ia, Stupor men- 
tis, Amen'tia; from fatuus, 'foolish.' Mental 
imbecility. Idiotism. Dementia. One affected 
with fatuity is said to be fat'uous. 
FATUOUS, see Fatuity. 
FAUCES, Isthmus, Pharynx, Throat. 
FAUCETTE VOICE, see Voice. 
FAUNO'RUM LUDIB'RIA. The sports of 
the Fauni. Some authors have called thus the 
incubus; others, epilepsy. 
FAUSSE, False. 
FAUSSE COUCHE (F.), Vanum partu'rium. 
Some authors have used this term for the expul- 
sion of different bodies constituting false concep- 
tions; such as moles, hydatids, clots of blood, 
&c. Most accoucheurs use the term synony- 
mously with abortion. 
FAUSSE POSITION (F.), False position. 
The French use this term, in vulgar language, to 
indicate any attitude in which torpor, tingling, 
and loss of power over the motion of a part, are 
produced by too strong contraction or painful 
compression. 
FAUSSE ROUTE, False passage. 
FAUSTI'NI PASTIL'LI, Faustinas'* Lo- 
zenges. These were once celebrated. They were 
composed of burnt paper, Quicklime, oxide of ar- 
senic, sandarach, lentils, Ac. 
FAUX, False-f. du Cerveau, Falx cerebri - 
f. du Cervelet, Falx cerebelli-f. Grande du pe- 
ritoine, Falx, great, of the peritoneum-f. Petite 
du peritoine, Falx, lesser, of the peritoneum-f 
de la Veine ombilicale, Falx, great, of the perito- 
neum. 
FAVEUX, Favosus. 
FAVIFORMIS, Favosus. 
FAVO'SUS. Similar to ahoneycomb. Favi- 
form'is, Favous, from favus, cerion, 1 a honey- 
comb.' (F.) Faveux. An epithet given to a spe- 
cies of porrigo. Cerion, Favus; means also a 
state of ulceration, resembling a honeycomb. 
FA'VULUS; diminutive of favus, 'a honey- 
comb.* Favuli is used by Dr. Morton, of Phila- 
delphia, for the honeycomb-like depressions in the 
lining membrane of the stomach-the stomach- 
cells of Messrs. Todd and Bowman. 
364 
FEBRIS 
FAVUS, Porrigo, Porrigo favosa, see Favosus. 
FEATHERFEW, Matricaria. 
FEBRIC"ITANS, Feb'riene, Enip'y roe. One 
attacked with fever; from febricitare, ' to have a 
fever.' 
FEBRICITATIO, Feverishness. 
FEBRICOSUS, Feverish. 
FEBRIC'ULA, Fe'veret. Diminutive of fe- 
bris, ' fever.' A term employed to express a 
slight degree of fever. Ephemera. 
FEBRICULOSITY, Feverishness. 
FEBRIENS, Febricitans, Feverish. 
FEBRIFACIENT, see Feverish. 
FEBRIF'EROUS, Feb'rifer, from febris, 'fe- 
ver,' and fero, 'I carry.' Fever-bearing, as a 
febriferous locality. 
FEBRIFIC, see Feverish. 
FEB'RIFUGE, Lexipyret'icus, Lexipyr'etus, 
Pyret'icus, Alexipy ret'ions, Antifebri'lis, Antipy- 
retic, Febrif' ugus, from febris, ' a fever,' and 
fugare, 'to drive away.' A medicine which pos- 
sesses the property of abating or driving away 
fever. 
FEBRIFUGUM LIGNUM, Quassia. 
FE'BRILE, febri'lis. Relating to fever, as 
febrile movement, febrile pulse, <fcc. 
FEBRIS, Fever - f. Acmastica, Synocha - f. 
Acuta, Synocha-f. Acuta continua, Synocha-f. 
Adeno-meningea, Fever, adeno-meningeal - f. 
Adeno-nervosa, Plague-f. Africana, Fever, Afri- 
can-f. Agrypnodes, see Agrypnodes and Agryp- 
nos-f. Alba, Chlorosis-f. Algida, see Algidus- 
f. Amatoria, Chlorosis, Hectic fever - f. Ame- 
ricana, Fever, yellow-f. Amphemera, Quotidian 
- f. Amphimerina heetica, Hectic fever-f. Am- 
phimerina latica, Latica (febris)-f. Ampullosa, 
Pemphigus-f. Anabatica, Continued fever-f. 
Angiotenica, Synocha - f. Anginosa, Angina 
-f. Annua, see Annual diseases-f. Anomala, 
Fever, anomalous-f. Aphonica, Fever, aphonic 
- f. Aphthosa, Aphtha - f. Apoplectica, Fever, 
apoplectic-f. Ardens, Synocha-f. Arte promota, 
Fever, artificial-f. Arthritica, Gout-f. Asodes, 
Fever, bilious, see Asodes-f. Assidua, Continued 
fever-f. Asthenica, Fever, asthenic, Typhus- 
f. Asthmatica, Fever, asthmatic-f. Ataxo-adyna- 
mica, Fever, ataxo-adynamic-f. Azodes, see Aso- 
des- f. Biliosa, Fever, bilious-f. Bullosa, Pem- 
phigus- f. Cardialgia, Fever, cardialgic - f. Ca- 
tarrhalis, Catarrh-f. Catarrhalis epidemica, In- 
fluenza- f. Caumatodes, Synocha - f. Causodes, 
Synocha-f. Cephalalgica, Fever, cephalalgic-f. 
Cephalica, Fever, cephalic-f. Cholepyretiea, Fe- 
ver, bilious - f. Cholerica, Fever, bilious, Fever, 
choleric - f. Chronica, Fever, chronic-f. Coal- 
terna, see Coalternse febres-f. Colliquativa, Fe- 
ver, colliquative - f. Comatodes, Fever, apoplec- 
tic- f. Communicans, see Subintrantes F. - f. 
Confusa, see Confusse febres - f. Continens, Ty- 
phus- f. Continens non putrida, Synocha - f. 
Continens putrida, Typhus - f. Continua inflam- 
matoria, Empresma-f. Continua putrida, Syno- 
chus-f. Continua putrida icterodes Caroliniensis, 
Fever, yellow-f. Continua non putris, Synocha 
-f. Continua sanguinea, Synocha-f. Convulsiva, 
fever, convulsive - f. Crymodes, see Crymodes, 
and Algid fever-f. Culicularis, Miliary fever-f. 
cum Delirio, Fever, delirious - f. Depuratoria, 
Fever, depuratory-f. Deurens, Synocha-f. Di- 
aphoretica, Fever, diaphoretic-f. Diaria, Ephe- 
mera-f. Duodecimana, Fever, duodecimane - f. 
Dysenterica, Dysentery-f. Elodes, see Elodes- 
f. Elodes icterodes, Fever, yellow - f. Enterica, 
see Typhus - f. Enteromesenterica, Entero-me- 
senteric - f. Epacmastica, see Epacmasticos - f. 
Ephemera, Ephemera-f. Epidemica cum anginfl, 
Cynanche maligna-f. Epileptica, Fever, epileptic 
-f. Erotica, fever, erotic-f. Erratica, Fever, ano FEBRUA 
malous, Fever, erratic, see Erratic and Planetes 
-f. Erronea, see Planetes-f. Erysipelacea, Ery- 
sipelas-f. Erysipelatosa, Erysipelas-f. Esserosa, 
Miliary fever - f. Exquisita, Fever, regular - f, 
Exanthematica articularis, Dengue-f. Famelica, 
see Famelica Febris-f. Flava, Fever, yellow-f. 
Flava Americanorum, Fever, yellow-f. Gangrae- 
nodes, Fever, gangrenous-f. Gastrica, Fever, bi- 
lious, Fever, gastric-f. Gastrico-biliosa, Fever, 
gastric-f. Gastro-adynamica, Fever, gastro-ady- 
namic - f. Haemoptoica, Fever, haemoptoic - f. 
Hebdoinadana, Octana-f. Hectica, Hectic fever 
- f. Hectica infantum, Tabes mesenterica - f. 
Hectica maligna nervosa, Typhus mitior-f. He- 
meresia, Quotidian-f. Hemitritaea, Hemitritaea- 
f. Hepatica, Fever, bilious-f. Hepatica inflam - 
matoria, Hepatitis-f. Horriflca, see Algidus-f. 
Horrida, see Algidus - f. Humoralis, Fever, hu- 
moral-f. Hungarica, Fever, Hungaric-f. Hydro- 
cephalica, Hydrocephalus internus - f. Hydro - 
phobica, Fever, hydrophobic-f. Hysteretica, see 
Postpositio-f. Hysterica, Fever, hysteric-f. Ic- 
terica, Fever, icteric-f. Iliaca inflammatoria, En- 
teritis-f. Infantum remittens, Fever, infantile 
remittent-f. Inflammatoria, Synocha-f. Inten- 
sio, Epitasis-f. Intermittens, Intermittent fever 
- f. Intermittens cephalica larvata, Cephalalgia 
periodica-f. Intestinalis ulcerosa, see Typhus - 
f. Intestinorum, Enteritis - f. Irregularis, Fever, 
anomalous-f. Lactea, Fever, milk - f. Larvata, 
Fever, masked-f. Lenta, Fever, infantile remit- 
tent, Hectic fever, Synochus-f. Lenta nervosa, 
Typhus mitior, Fever, nervous-f. Lenticularis, 
Miliary fever-f. Lethargica, Fever, apoplectic- 
f. Lochialis, Fever, lochial - f. Lymodes, fever, 
singultous - f. Lyngodes, Fever, singultous - f. 
Maligna, Fever, malignant - f. Maligna biliosa 
America;, Fever, yellow-f. Maligna cum Sopore, 
Typhus-f. Maligna flava Indiae occidentalis, 
Fever, yellow-f. Marasmodes, Hectic fever, Ma- 
rasmopyra-f. Meningo-gastricus, Fever, gastric 
-f. Mesenterica, Fever, adeno-meningeal, Fever, 
mesenteric-f. Methemerina, Quotidian-f. Mili- 
aris, Miliary fever-f. Minuta, Fever, syncopal- 
f. Morbillosa, Rubeola-f. Mucosa, Fever, adeno- 
meningeal-f. Mucosa Verminosa, Fever, infan- 
tile remittent - f. Nautica pestilentialis, Typhus 
gravior-f; Nephritica, Fever, nephritic-f. Ner- 
vosa, Fever, nervous-f. Nervosa epidemica, Ty- 
phus-f. Nervosa enterica, see Typhus - f. Ner- 
vosa exanthematica, Typhus - f. Nervosa gas- 
trica, see Typhus - f. Nervosa mesenterica, see 
Typhus-f. Nervosa petechialis, Typhus-f. Neu- 
rodes, Fever, nervous-f. Nocturnus, see Noctur- 
nal- f. Nonana, Fever, nonane - f. Nosocomio- 
rum, Typhus gravior-f. Nycterinus, see Noctur- 
nal-f. Octana, Fever octane-f. Oscitans, Osci- 
tant fever-f. Paludosa, see Elodes-f. Pan- 
nonica, Fever, Hungary - f. Pemphingodes, 
Pemphigus - f. Pemphygodes, Pemphigus - f. 
Pempta, Quintan - f. Periodica, Fever, periodic 
- f. Perniciosa, Fever, pernicious-f. Pestilens, 
Plague - f. Pestilens maligna, Typhus gravior 
- f. Pestilentialis, Fever, pestilential - f. Pesti- 
lentialis Europae, Typhus gravior-f. Petechialis, 
Typhus gravior-f. Phthisica, Hectic fever-f. 
Planetes, see Planetes-f. Pleuritica, Pleuritis-f. 
Podagrica, Gout-f. Polycholica, Fever, bilious- 
f. Pneumonica, Fever, pneumonic, Pneumonia- 
f. Puerperalis biliosa, Metrocholosis-f. Puerpe- 
rarum, Puerperal fever-f. Puncticularis, Mili- 
ary fever, Typhus gravior-f. Puerperalis, Fever, 
puerperal - f. Purpurate rubra et alba miliaris, 
Miliary fever-f. Purulenta, Fever, purulent - f. 
Putrida, Typhus gravior-f. Putrida nervosa, 
Typhus mitior-f. Quartana, Quartan - f. Quer- 
quera, see Algidus-f. Quinta, Quintan-f. Quin- 
tana, Fever, quintan, Quintan - f. Quotidiana, 
Fever, quotidian, Quotidian-f. Regularis, Fever, 
365 
FEE 
regular-f. Remittens, Remittent fever-f. Re- 
mittens infantum, Fever, infantile remittent-f. 
Rheumatica inflammatoria, Rheumatism, acute- 
f. Rubra, Scarlatina-f. Rubra pruriginosa, Urti- 
caria-f. Sanguinea, Synocha-f. Sapropyra, Ty- 
phus gravior - f. Scarlatinosa, Scarlatina - f. 
Scorbutica, Fever, scorbutic - f. Semitertiana, 
Hemitritaea-f. Septana, Fever, septan-f. Ses- 
quialtera, Hemitritaea-f. Sextana, Fever, sextan 
- f. Simplex, Ephemera, Fever, simple-f. Sin- 
gultosa, Fever, singultous - f. Soporosa, Fever, 
apoplectic - f. Stercoralis, Fever, stercoral - f. 
Sthenica, Synocha-f. Stomachica inflammato- 
ria, Gastritis-f. Subintrans, Fever, subintrant- 
f. Sudatoria, Fever, diaphoretic, Hydropyretus, 
Sudor anglicus-f. Syncopalis, Fever, syncopal- 
f. Syphilitica, Fever, syphilitic-f. Tabida, Fever, 
colliquative, Hectic fever - f. Tertiana, Fever, 
tertian, Tertian fever-f. Tonica, Synocha-f. 
Topica, Neuralgia, facial-f. Toxica, Fever, yel- 
low- f. Tragica, Fever, tragic - f. Traumatica, 
Fever, traumatic'-f. Tropica, Fever, yellow-f. 
Typhodes, Typhus-f. Urticata, Urticaria-f. Ute- 
rina, Metritis-f. Vaga, Fever, anomalous, see 
Planetes-f. Variolosa, Variola-f. Verminosa, 
Fever, infantile remittent, F. verminous, Helmin- 
thopyra-f. Vernalis, Fever, vernal-f. Vesicu- 
laris, Miliary Fever, Pemphigus-f. Virginum, 
Chlorosis. 
FEB'RUA ; from februo, ' I purge.' In an- 
cient mythology, a goddess who presided over 
menstruation. 
FECAL, Stercoraceous. 
FECES, Faeces. 
FECO ND AT I ON, Fecundation. 
FECONDITE, Fecundity. 
FEC'ULA, Fa'cula, diminutive of fax, 'lee.* 
An immediate principle of vegetables, composed 
of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. It exists in 
several plants, and has different names, accord- 
ing to that which furnishes it. When extracted 
from wheat or barley, it is called starch, Am'y- 
lum. When from Cycas circina'lis, Sago ;-from 
Orchis mo'rio, Salep. We say, also, Fecula of 
the Potato, Bryony, Arum, Manioc, &c. 
Fecula, Green. This name is given to a green, 
solid matter, of variable character, which is be- 
lieved to be resinous, and which renders turbid 
several kinds of juices, extracted from vegetables. 
It is, also, called Chlorophyll. 
Fecula Amylacea, Amylum - f. Marantae, 
Arrow-root-f. Tapioka, see Jatropha manihot. 
FEC'ULENCE, Faculen'tia, Facos'itas, Fax, 
Lemma, Fa'ces, Lee, Deposit, Dregs. In Phar- 
macy, feculent, albuminous, or other substances, 
which are deposited from turbid fluids. 
FEC'ULENT, Faculen'tus, Hypot'rygus, Try- 
go'des. 'Foul, dreggy, excrementitiousas a 
feculent fluid, feculent evacuations, <tc. 
FEC'UND, Fecun'dus, Facun'dus, (F.) Ftcond. 
Same etymon as the next. Fruitful, Prolific. 
FECUNDA'TION, Facunda'tio, Impregna'- 
tion, Impragna'tio, Ingravida'tio, Pragna'tio, 
Gravida'tio, Pragna'tus, Fructified,'tio, Cye'sis, 
Encye'sis, Encymo'sia, Procrea'tion, (F.) Fecon- 
dation. The act by which, in organized beings, 
the material furnished by the generative orgaens 
of the female, unites with that prepared by those 
of the male, so that a new being results. 
FECUN'DITY, Eutoc'ia, Facun'ditas, Pro- 
ductiv'itas, (F.) Fecondite. The faculty of repro- 
duction, possessed by organized bodies. 
It has been estimated that throughout a coun- 
try, taking one marriage with another, not more 
than 4 children are the result; and in towns only 
35 children to 10 marriages. 
FEE, Sostrum. FEET, BURNING OF THE. A singular ca- 
chectic disease, described by Mr. Malcolmson as 
occurring in India, the prominent symptom of 
which was a sense of burning in the feet. 
FEGAUITE, Cancer aquaticus, Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous. 
FEIGNED DISEASES, Morbi dissimula'ti 
seu Simula'ti seu cela'ti seu infitia'ti seu pseuda'- 
lei, Sim'ulated diseases, Pretend'ed diseases, 
366 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
(F.) Maladies dissimulees, M. simultes, M. feintes, 
M. supposees. The tricks employed, by impos- 
tors, to induce a belief that they are attacked 
with diseases when they are not. These are ge- 
nerally assumed by beggars to obtain alms; by 
criminals to escape punishment; and by soldiers 
to be exempt from duty. 
The following table exhibits the chief feigned 
diseases, with the means of detection. 
A TABLE OF FEIGNED, PRETENDED, SIMULATED, OR EXCITED DISEASES OR 
DISQUALIFICATIONS. 
Diseases, Ac. 
How Feigned. 
How Detected. 
1. Abortion. 
2. Abstinence. 
3. Amaurotic 
Blindness. 
4. Apoplexy. 
5. Cachexia, Ane- 
mia, and Debility. 
6. Excretion of 
Calculi. 
7. Cancerous Ul- 
cer. 
8. Catalepsy. 
9. Chorea. - 
10. Contraction of ' 
Joints in Gene- 
ral 
11. Contraction of 
the Fingers. 
12. Convulsions. 
13. Opake Cornea. 
14. Cutaneous Dis- 
eases. 
By staining the clothes and body 
with borrowed blood. 
By constant and minute attention. 
' Amaurosis is characterized by dila- 
ted pupil. Where these sub- 
stances have been applied, the 
effects will go off in ten days or a 
fortnight. 
By powerful stimulants; an electric 
shock; application of hot water, 
sternutatories, actual cautery, Ac. 
' By examining if the pulse be strong, 
and the skin hot, and whether 
there be loss of appetite or of 
strength, or swelling of the limbs. 
By the aid of chymistry. We are 
acquainted with the chymical 
composition of urinary calculi. 
By noticing whether there be signs 
of cachexia, and by attentive ex- 
amination of the part. 
' By powerful stimulants, as recom- 
mended under apoplexy. Letting 
fall a drop of boiling water on the 
back. Proposing to use the ac- 
tual cautery, and seeing whether 
the pulse rises. 
By examining the patient whilst he 
may imagine himself unobserved, 
and seeing whether the convul- 
sive motions go on. By anaes- 
thetics. (?) 
Mode of discrimination sometimes 
so obscure as to deceive the most 
practised and attentive. 
Introduce a cord between the fin- 
gers and the palm of the hand, 
and gradually apply weights so 
as to expand the fingers. Confine 
him so that he cannot obtain his 
food without using his clenched 
hand. 
' When feigned, they do not present 
the rigidity of muscles or the ra- 
pidity of action which characte- 
rize the real. The mode of de- 
tection must be the same as in 
epilepsy. 
The existence of the opacity can be 
detected by attentive observation. 
By careful examination on the part 
of practitioner and nurse. 
By applying the extract of bella- 
donna or datura stramonium to 
the eye. 
By falling down as if deprived of 
sensation and consciousness. 
Using substances to make the face 
appear pale and livid. Indulging 
freely in wine, and privation of 
sleep prior to examination. 
Putting sand, pebbles, Ac., into the 
urine. 
By gluing on a portion of a spleen 
with the smooth side to the skin, 
leaving on the outside the ap- 
pearance of an ulcerated surface. 
By seeming to be suddenly motion- 
less, the joints remaining flexible, 
and external objects making no 
impression. 
By assuming the convulsive motions 
of a part which characterize cho- ■ 
rea. 
• 
> 
' Produced by the application of a 
strong acid, by acrid powders, as ■ 
quicklime, Ac. 
Some articles of diet will bring on 
urticaria or nettle-rash, in parti- 
cular individuals, as shell-fish, 
bitter almonds, Ac. By acrids, 
acids, or any irritants applied to 
the surface. An ointment of tar- 
tarized antimony causes a painful 
pustular eruption. See Porrigo, 
in this list. FEIGNED DISEASES 
367 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
Diseases, &c. 
How Feigned. 
How Detected. 
The really deaf and dumb acquire 
an expression of countenance and 
gestures which it is difficult to 
assume. 
Make a noise when not expected, 
16. Deafness. 
It may be assumed or excited by 
putting a pea in the ear, or by 
inserting irritants, so as to induce ■ 
inflammation and temporary loss 
of function. 
and see if the countenance varies 
or pulse rises. Put to sleep by 
opium, and then fire a pistol close 
to the ear, when he may be 
thrown off his guard. Examine 
the ear to see if any trick has 
been played there. 
Some persons possess the power of 
If suspected, the plan recommended 
17. Death. 
suspending or moderating the ac- 
under apoplexy will be found 
tion of the heart. 
most efficacious. 
18. Debility, see 
Cachexia. 
19. Deformity. 
Examine the part and its articula- 
tion, naked, and compare it with 
the opposite. 
20. Delivery. 
After enlargement produced artifi- 
cially, a subsidence of the tume- 
faction ; the parts being moisten- 
ed by borrowed blood, and the 
child of another substituted as 
the female's own. 
■ 
Can only be positively detected by 
examination par vaginam. Soon 
after delivery, the vagina will be 
relaxed and the lochial discharge 
be flowing in greater abundance, 
the shorter the time that may 
have elapsed since delivery. 
When diarrhoea is feigned by the 
lower classes, inspect the linen; 
if clean, the bowels are probably 
not much out of order. Let every 
individual have a close stool of 
his own; and inspect the evacua- 
tions, taking care that one suffer- 
21. Diarrhcea. 
Said to have been caused by a mix- 
ture of vinegar and burnt cork. (?) 
May be occasioned by the use of 
any of the purgative roots, &c. 
ing under the disease does not 
lend his evacuations to another. 
May be feigned, like pregnancy, by 
wearing pads. The anasarcous 
Can be detected by attentive exa- 
22. Dropsy. 
condition of the lower limbs has 
mination. There will be a want 
been caused by applying a liga- ■ 
of that leucophlegmatic habit 
ture round them. By inflating 
which accompanies and charac- 
the cellular membrane of the ab- 
domen. 
terizes dropsy. 
May be feigned, like diarrhoea, by 
23. Dysentery. 
adding a little blood to the eva- 
Same rules as under diarrhoea. 
cuations, or by introducing a soap ■ 
or some more irritating supposi- 
tory. 
Sensation in epilepsy is totally abo- 
24. Epilepsy. 
The foaming of the mouth has been 
produced by keeping a piece of • 
soap in it. 
lished. If any remain, disease 
probably feigned. Incontractility 
of pupil, which occurs in epilepsy, 
cannot be feigned. Same means 
to be used as in feigned apoplexy. 
By various stimulants, as wine, 
This deceit is generally developed 
by a day or two's examination. 
brandy, pepper; swallowing a 
Where flour or chalk has been 
small quantity of tobacco, or in- 
used to whiten the tongue, the 
25. Fever. 
troducing it into the anus. Flour 
line of demarcation between the 
or chalk used to whiten the 
whitened part and the clean, 
tongue. Redness of skin, caused 
by friction with a hard brush. 
healthy margin of the tongue, is 
too well marked to escape obser- 
vation. 
By making an incision near the 
26. Fistula in Ano. • 
verge of the anus, and introducing 
into it an acrid tent, such as the 
root of white hellebore, 4c. 
There is generally nothing but the 
By careful examination. 
man's own testimony. He eom- 
27. Fractures. 
plains of pain in the part; if frac- 
ture of the skull be feigned, he 
By attentive examination. 
states, perhaps, that he becomes 
deranged on tasting liquor. FEIGNED DISEASES 
368 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
Diseases, <fcc. 
How Feigned. 
How Detected. 
28. Hjematemesis. 
29. Haemoptysis. 
30. Haemorrhoids. 
31. Heart,Diseases ' 
of, see Palpita- 
tion. 
32. Hepatitis. 
33. Hernia. 
34. Hydrocele. 
35. Hydrocepha- 
lus. 
36. Hysteria. 
37. Insanity. 
38. Jaundice. 
39. Lameness. 
40. Menstruation. 
41. Myopia. 
Short-Sightedness. 
42. Ophthalmia. 
43. Oz-ena. 
By drinking the blood of some ani- 
mal, or using some coloured li- - 
quid, and then throwing it up. 
By secreting bullock's blood for the 
purpose of colouring the saliva; 
making small incisions in the ■ 
mouth; using bole armeniac or 
paint of vermilion. 
By introducing bladders of rats or of 
small fish partly into the rectum. 
The linen has also been stained 
with borrowed blood. 
. 
By cutting off the supply of the fluid 
and careful examination. 
Blood from the lungs is frothy and 
light-coloured. Mouth and fauces 
must be carefully inspected, and 
the individual be observed. 
The means are obvious. 
Unless the person be awell-cducated 
impostor, acute inflammation of 
the liver will be detected by the 
absence of marks of strong in- 
flammatory action. Chronic liver 
disease is, frequently, not charac- 
terized by well-marked symp- 
toms, and hence, when assumed, 
is difficult of detection. 
The detection is easy. 
Do. 
Do. 
Does not easily resist the applica- 
tion of strong sternutatories to 
the nostrils. Attentive examina- 
tion necessary. 
The expression of countenance can- 
not easily be feigned. Nor can 
the affection be kept up so long 
as in real mental alienation. The 
individual cannot do so long with- 
out food, sleep, <fcc. 
The eyes cannot be coloured, al- 
though smoke has been used for 
this purpose. The skin must be 
washed to remove the colouring 
matter if any exist, and the sup- 
ply of acid and rhubarb be pre- 
vented. 
By two persons taking hold of the 
individual and moving rapidly 
along with him; and when they 
are tired, having relays. The 
impostor will generally give in. 
By cutting off the supply. 
Present an open book, and apply 
the leaves close to the nose. If 
it cannot be read distinctly, when 
thus placed, or when glasses 
proper for short-sightedness are 
used, the disease is feigned. 
When ophthalmia is thus excited, 
its progress is ordinarily very 
rapid, arriving at its height within 
a few hours. 
In the same manner as hydrocele; 
- by inflation. | 
By puncturing the skin of the scro- 
tum, and inflating the cellular • 
membrane. 
By opening the integuments of the 
head, near the vertex, e. g. and • 
blowing in air. 
» 
By colouring the skin with an infu- 
sion of turmeric or tincture of 
rhubarb. Clay-coloured stooZs pro- 
duced by taking daily a small ■ 
quantity of muriatic acid. High- 
coloured urine by rhubarb taken 
, internally. 
By keeping the limb in a contracted 
state, and resisting any efforts to 
move it. 
By staining the clothes and body 
with borrowed blood. 
Excited by a variety of acrid and 
corrosive substances applied to 
the eye; as lime, <fcc. 
A portion of black muslin, spread 
over the cornea. The eyelashes 
are sometimes extracted, and 
caustic applied to excite disease 
[ in the palpebrae. 
By impregnating a piece of sponge 
with some offensive juices or oils, 
mixed with decayed cheese, and 
putting the imbued sponge into 
the nostrils. Diseases, &c. 
How Feigned. 
How Detected. 
44. Palpitation. 
45. Pains. 
46. Shaking Palsy. 
i 
47. Paralysis. 
48. Phthisis Pul- 
monalis. 
49. Polypus Nasi. • 
50. Porrigo. 
Scalled Head. 
51. Pregnancy. 
52. Prolapsus Ani. • 
53. Prolapsus Ute- 
ri. \ 
54. PulSe, Weak- 
ness or Defect • 
OF. 
55. Chronic Rheu- 
matism. 
See Pain. 
56. Scrofula. 
57. Scurvy. 
58. Stammering. 
White hellebore, given in the dose 
of 10 or 12 grains, and repeated, 
will occasion general indisposi- 
tion, and undue action of the heart. 
Cut off the supply. 
The detection is here often difficult. 
The non-existence of pain cannot 
be proved, and great pain may be 
present without any appearance 
externally. 
The imposition is more frequently 
detected by inconsistencies and 
contradictions in the patient's 
history of the case, than in any 
other manner. 
May be suspected, if the person be 
in an ordinary state of vigour. 
Try violent remedies and means, 
recommended under Chorea. 
Violent remedies are here required. 
Cold affusion, actual cautery, 
electric shocks, &c. 
By attentive examination of the 
symptoms. 
By the absence of the areola; the 
presence of a pad ; and, if neces- 
sary, by examination 2>er vaginam. 
By examining whether the arteries 
of the two arms beat alike; and 
if a ligature be placed on the arm. 
By examining the general habit, 
and observing whether the ulce- 
rations be glandular, and the dis- 
charge of a scrofulous character. 
' By examining the general habit; 
whether debilitated, cachectic, 
and possessing the usual general 
signs of scorbutus. 
Simulators of this defect generally 
state, that it is connate, or ascribe 
it to a fit of apoplexy or severe 
fever. Where the organs of 
speech were perfect, and the mo- 
ral evidence of the previous ex- 
istence of the infirmity was not 
satisfactory, the French authori- 
ties used to confine the soldiers, 
and not supply them with food, 
until they called for it without 
stammering. 
Individuals with long necks and 
contracted shoulders have simu- 
lated phthisis, by covering the 
chest with blisters, cicatrices of 
issues, <fcc., and by taking drugs 
which cause paleness. 
By introducing the testicle of a 
young cock, or the kidney of a 
rabbit, into the nostril, and re- 
taining it there by means of a 
sponge fastened to it. 
By applying nitric acid to the head, 
after protecting the face with 
fatty substances ; but the chronic 
state is imitated by the use of 
depilatories of different kinds ap- 
plied sometimes in patches, so 
as to resemble the Porrigo de- 
calvane. 
By wearing pads, and assuming the 
longing after particular articles • 
of diet, <fcc. 
By aportionof the intestine of the ox, 
in which a sponge filled with a 
mixture of blood and milk is placed. 
By a similar fraud. 
By ligatures applied to the corre- 
sponding arm. 
By exciting ulcers below the angles 
of the jaw. 
By covering the teeth with wax, 
and then applying acid, corrosive 
substances to the gums. 
FEIGNED DISEASES 
369 
FEIGNED DISEASES FEL 
FEMUR 
Diseases, &c. 
How Feigned. 
How Detected. 
59. Stricture of 
the Urethra. 
By passing a bougie. 
60. Swelling of the 
Legs. 
By ligatures round the thighs. 
Examine the limbs uncovered. 
61. Syncope. 
Ligatures are sometimes used to 
prevent the pulse being felt. By 
applying lotions to the face to 
make it pale. 
By using sternutatories. By the 
absence of some of the symptoms 
of syncope. Examine the naked 
arms. Wash the face. 
62. Tympany. 
Persons have possessed the power of 
swallowing air, so as to distend the 
► 
stomach, and simulate tympany. 
By introducing a tent, imbued with 
blistering plaster into the ear, 
and repeating the application, 
until the tube becomes ulcerated, 
63. Ulcer of the 
Ear. 
and a discharge of puriform mat- 
ter is established. The fetid smell 
■ By careful examination. 
is imitated, by dropping into the 
ear a mixture of empyreumatic 
oil, asafoetida, and old cheese. 
Also, by introducing a little honey 
into the meatus. 
By corrosives, or irritants. Some- 
Artificial ulcers have, usually, a 
64. Ulcers of the 
times by abrasion, by rubbing 
sand on the shin-bone. At others, 
more distinct margin, and are 
more readily healed than others ; 
Legs, &c. 
they are pretended, by gluing on 
a piece of spleen or the skin of a 
, frog. 
the latter being generally indi- 
cative of an impaired constitu- 
tion. 
65. Bloody Urine. 
The fruit of the Indian Fig (Cactus 
opuntia) colours the urine as red 
as blood. Cantharides will cause 
it. Blood may also be procured 
and mixed with the urine. 
By making the patient pass his 
urine in the presence of the phy- 
sician, and examining the vessel 
before and after. By cutting off 
the supply of any substance, which 
could cause the appearance. 
Difficult, at times, of detection. Give 
66. Incontinence of 
Urine. 
the person a full dose of opium, 
and introduce the catheter when 
he is asleep. If there be urine, 
67. Varicose Veins. ■ 
By a ligature, placed tightly round 
the limb. They may be excited 
in this manner, or aggravated if 
already existing. 
the incontinence is feigned. 
By examining the limb. 
370 
FEL, Bile-f. Anguillae, see Bile-f. Bovinum, 
Bile of the Ox -f. Bovis, see Bile - f. Natures, 
Aloes-f. Tauri, see Bile - f. Terr®, Ludus Hel- 
montii-f. Ursi, see Bile-f. Vitri, see Vitrum. 
FELDSCHEEREN, Bathers. 
FELINEUS, Bilious. 
FELLBUS, Biliary, Bilious. 
FELLIDUCUS, Cholagogue. 
FELLIS OBSTRUCTIO, Icterus -f. Super- 
fusio, Icterus-f. Suffusio, Icterus. 
FELON, Paronychia. 
FELTING, from Anglo-Saxon pelt, cloth or 
stuff made without weaving. Tangling, A term 
applied to the hair when inextricably interlaced, 
as occurs occasionally in women from inattention. 
FELURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid. 
FELWORT, Gentiana lutea. 
FEMALE, Foem'ina, Gyne, (F.) Femelie, from 
' I generate.' (?) In animals, the one that 
engenders and bears the young. It is, also, used 
adjectively;-as, the Female Sex, &c. 
Female Parts, Vulva. 
FEMELLE, Female. 
FEMEN, Thigh, Vulva. 
FEMINES'CENCE, Foemineecen'tia, irova fee- 
mi na, 'a female.' The possession or assumption 
of certain male characteristics by the female. - 
Mehliss. 
FEMME EM COUCHE, Puerpera. 
FEM'OR AL,Femora'?™, from femur, 'the thigh- 
bone.' Belonging or relating to the thigh; as 
Femoral artery, Femoral hernia, &c. See Crural. 
FEMORALIS, Triceps cruris. 
FEMORO-CALCANIEN PETIT, Plantar 
muscle-f. Popliteal, great, Sciatic nerve, great- 
f. Popliti-tibial, Poplitseus muscle. 
FEM'ORO-TIB'IAL, Femoro-tibia'lie. Be- 
longing to the femur and tibia. The Femoro- 
tibial articulation is the knee-joint. 
FEMUR, Jferue, Me'rium, On fem'oris. The 
thigh bone. (F.) L'os de la Cuiene. The strongest 
and longest of all the bones of the body, extend- 
ing from the pelvis to the tibia, and forming the 
solid part of the thigh. The femur is cylindrical, 
slightly curved anteriorly, unsymmetrical and 
oblique downwards and inwards. The body of 
the bone is prismatic, and has, behind, a promi- 
nent ridge, the linea aspera. 
Upper or 
Pelvic 
Extremity. 
Head supported on a 
column or neck. 
Great trochanter. 
Lesser trochanter. 
Processes. 
Inferior or 
Tibial 
Extremity. 
External condyle. 
Internal condyle. 
External tuberosity. 
Internal tuberosity. 
The femur ossifies from five points:-one on 
each process of the pelvi 9 extremity; one in the F&MUR COL DU 
body of the bone; and two on the condyles. It 
is articulated with the pelvis, tibia, and patella. 
See Thigh. 
FEMUR COL DU, Collum femoris-f. Mo- 
ventium Septimus, Iliacus internus - f. Moven- 
tium sextus, Psoas magnus-f. Summum, Vulva. 
FENES'TRA. A window. (F.) Fenetre. Ana- 
tomists have given this name to two apertures, 
situate in the inner paries of the cavity of the 
tympanum. The one of these is the Fenest'ra 
ora'lis, F. vestibula'ris, Fora'men ova'le. It is 
oval-shaped; situate at the base of the stapes, 
and corresponds with the cavity of the vestibule. 
The other is the Fenest'ra rotun'da, F. Cochlea'- 
ris, Fora'men rotun'dum. It is closed by a fine, 
transparent membrane, called Membra'na Tym- 
pani secun'daria, Tympanum minus seu secunda'- 
rium, Membra'na fenestra rotun'da, and corre- 
sponds to the inner scala of the cochlea. 
Fenestra Oculi, Pupil. 
FENES'TRAL, Fenestra'tus, from fenestra, 
'a window.' (F.) FenetrS et Fenestri. Ban- 
dages, compresses, or plasters with small perfo- 
rations or openings, are so called. The openings 
prevent the detention of the discharge. 
FENESTRATUS, Fenestral. 
FENESTRE, Fenestral. 
FENETRE, Fenestra. 
FENETRE, Fenestral. 
FENNEL, Anethum-f. Dogs', Anthemis co- 
tula-f. Flower, Nigella-f. Hog's, Peucedanum 
- f. Sweet, Anethum - f. Water, Phellandrium 
aquaticum. 
FENO UIL, Anethum-f. d'Eau, Phellandrium 
aquaticum-f. Marin, Crithmum maritimum-f. 
de Pore, Peucedanum-f. Puant, Anethum gra- 
veolens. 
FENTE, Fissure-f. Capillaire, see Pilatio- 
f. GUnoidale, Fissure, glenoid--f. Orbitaire. Or- 
bitar fissure - f. Orbitaire inftrieure, Spheno- 
maxillary fissure-f. Spheno-maxillaire, Spheno- 
maxillary fissure-f. Sphenoidale, Sphenoidal 
fissure. 
FENUGREC, Trigonella foenum. 
FENUGRECK, Trigonella foenum. 
FER, Ferrum-f. Acetate de, Ferri acetas--/. 
Carbonate de, Ferri protocarbonas - f. Chaud, 
Pyrosis-f. Hydrate de, tritoxide de, JEtites-/. 
lodure de, Ferri iodidum, see Iodine-/. Lactate 
de, Ferri Lactas-f. Limaille de, Ferri limatura 
f. Peroxide de, Ferri subcarbonas-f. et de Po- 
tasse, tartrate de, Ferrum tartarizatum-f. et de 
Potassitim, cyanure de, Potassii Ferrocyanure- 
tum - f. et de Potassium, protocyanure de, Potas- 
sii Ferrocyanuretum-f. Reduit par Vhydrogene, 
Ferri pulvis-f. Sulphate de, Ferri Sulphas - 
f. Sulphure de, Ferri Sulphuretum-f. Tannate 
de, Ferri tannas-f. Valerianate de, Ferri Vale- 
rianas. 
FERALIS PEDICULUS, see Pediculus. 
FERINE, Feri'nus; 'savage, brutal;' The- 
rio'dcs. A term, applied to any malignant or 
noxious disease. In France it is used only when 
joined to Toux; Toux ferine, a dry, obstinate, 
and painful cough. 
FERMENT, Fermen'tum, (quasi fervimentum,) 
Zyma, Zymo'ma, Leven, (F.) Llvain. The la- 
trochymists applied this name to imaginary sub- 
stances, Fermen'ta mor'bi, to which they attri- 
buted the power of producing disease, by exci- 
ting a fermentation in the humours. 
FERMENTA'TION, Fermenta'tio, Zymo'sis, 
xEstua'tio, Causis, Brasmos. An intestinal move- 
ment, occurring spontaneously in a liquid; whence 
result certain substances, that did not previously 
exist in it. 
371 
FERRI ACETAS 
The chemical physicians attributed all diseases 
to an imaginary fermentation of the humours. 
Fermentation, Putrefactive, Putrefaction. 
FERMENTUM CEREVISI2E, Yest-f. Morbi, 
Ferment-f. Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
FERN, BUSH, Comptonia asplenifolia - f. 
Cinnamon, Osmunda cinnamomea - f. Eagle, 
Pteris aquilina - f. Female, Asplenium filix foe- 
mina, Pteris aquilina-f. Gale, Comptonia aspleni- 
folia-f. Male, Polypodium filix mas-f. Meadow, 
Comptonia asplenifolia-f. Rock, Adiantum pe- 
datum-f. Root, Polypodium vulgare-f. Sweet, 
Adiantum pedatum, Comptonia asplenifolia-f. 
Sweet, shrubby, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
FERNAMBUCO WOOD, Caesalpinia echinata. 
FERRAMEN'TUM, Side'rion, Inat rumen'turn, 
fer'rewm. Any surgical instrument made of 
iron. By the vulgar, in France, the word ferre- 
menta means the inatrumenta used in difficult 
labours. 
FERRARIA, Scrophularia aquatica. 
FERRATUS, Chalybeate. 
FERREIN, Canal of, Ductus Ferrei'ni. A 
triangular channel, which Ferrein supposed to 
result from the approximation of the free edges 
of the eyelids applied to the globe of the eye; 
and which he considered adapted for directing 
the tears towards the puncta lachrymalia, during 
sleep. The canal is, probably, imaginary. 
The same name is likewise given to the corti- 
cal canala,-the first portions of the uriniferous 
ducts, whilst still in the cortical substance of the 
kidney. 
Ferrein, Pyr'amid of, Pyr'amia Ferrei'ni. 
Each of the papillae of the kidney, according to 
Ferrein, consists of, at least, 700 subordinate 
cones or pyramids. To these last the names 'py- 
ramids of Ferrein,' Pyram'idea rena'lea Ferrei'ni, 
Faacic'uli pyramida'les, have been given. 
FERRI ACE'TAS, Extrac'tum martia ace'ti- 
cum, Ace'ticum martia'le, Ac"etate of Iron, Iron 
Liquor, (F.) Acetate de fer. A preparation of 
the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, made by digesting 1 
part of carbonate of iron in 6 parts of acetic acid 
for three days, and filtering. Dose, as a tonic 
and astringent, to in water. 
Ferri AErugo, F. Subcarhonas-f. et Ammo- 
nias murias, Ferrum ammoniatum-f. Ammonio- 
chloridum, Ferrum ammoniatum. 
Ferri et Alu'minas Sulphas, Sulphate of Iron 
and Alumina, is made by treating bicarbonated 
aolution of aoft iron and carbonated aolution of 
pure washed alumina, with sulphuric acid. It 
has been recommended as a valuable astringent. 
Dose, from five to ten grains. 
Ferri Ammo'nio-citras, Ammonite ferro-citrae, 
Ferrum ammoni'aco-cit'ricum, Ammonio-citrate 
of iron, Citrate of ammonia and iron. Prepared 
by adding ammonia to citrate of iron, so as to 
neutralize the excess of acid. Dose, gr. v. to gr. 
viij. A Potassio-Citrate and a Sodio-Citrate 
of Iron have also been introduced; and a Ci- 
trate of the Magnetic Oxide of Iron prepared 
by combining the magnetic oxide with citric acid. 
Ferri Ammonio-tartras, Ammonio-tartrate of 
Iron. This salt is best made by dissolving to 
saturation freshly precipitated hydrated oxide of 
iron in a solution of bitartrate of ammonia, and 
evaporating to dryness. It is very soluble. The 
dose is five grains or more in pill or solution. 
Ferri Arsenias, Arseniate of Iron-f. Borus- 
sias, Prussian blue-f. Bromidum, see Bromine 
-f. Carbonas, F. subcarbonas-f. Carbonas Sac- 
charatum, see F. Protocarbonas-f. Carbonatum, 
Graphites-f. Carburetum, Graphites. 
Ferri Citras, Citrate of Iron. Two citrates 
of iron are prepared-the Seaquicitrate or Citrate 
of the Sesquioxide; and the Citrate of the Prot- FERRI 
oxide. The former is officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
They resemble, in their medical properties, the 
tartrate and the lactate of the metal. 
Ferri Cyaxuretum, Prussian blue-f. Deuto- 
carbonas fuscus, F. subcarbonas-f. Deutoxydum 
nigrum, JSthiops martial-f. Ferrocyanas, Prus- 
sian blue - f. Ferrocyanuretum, Prussian blue - 
f. Hydriodas, F. lodidum-f. Hydrocyanas, Prus- 
sian blue-f. Hypercarburetum, Graphites. 
Ferri Io'didum, F. lodure'tum, F. Hydri'o- 
das, Iodide, loduret or Hydri'odate of Iron, (F.) 
lodure de fer, (lodin. Ferri rament. 5.], -A</. 
destillat. Oiss.) Mix the iodine with a pint of 
the distilled water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, 
and gradually add the iron filings, stirring con- 
stantly. Heat the mixture gently until the liquid 
acquires a light greenish colour; then filter, and, 
after the liquid has passed, pour upon the filter 
half a pint of the distilled water, boiling hot. 
When this has passed, evaporate the filtered li- 
quor, at a temperature not exceeding 212°, in an 
iron vessel, to dryness; keep the dry iodide in a 
closely stopped bottle. (Ph. U. S.) 
Ferri Ioduretum, F. lodidum. 
Ferri Lactas, Lactate of Iron, Lactate of 
Protox'ide of Iron, (F.) Lactate de Fer. Pre- 
pared by digesting in a sand-bath, at a low tem- 
perature, diluted lactic acid with iron filings. It 
is employed in the same cases as the precipitated 
subcarbonate of iron, and especially in chlorosis. 
Twelve grains of the laetate may be given in the 
24 hours, in the form of lozenges. 
Ferri Limatu'ra Purifica'ta, Pu'rified Iron 
Filings :-purified by means of the magnet, for 
internal use. The filings are, also, called Ferri 
Scobs, F. Hamen'ta et Fila, Martis Limatu'ra, 
Spec' ulum In'dicum, Ferri in pul'verem resolu'- 
tio, (F.) Limaille de Fer. They are considered 
to possess the general properties of iron : - the 
iron becoming oxidized. 
Ferri et Magne'sle Citras, Citrate of iron 
and magne'sia, is prepared by dissolving hydra- 
ted oxide of iron in a solution of citric acid, satu- 
rated with carbonate of magnesia, and evapora- 
ting to dryness. It is soluble in water, and does 
not constipate. Dose from four grains to fifteen, 
in solution. 
Ferri Nitras, see Liquor Ferri nitratis - 
f. Nitratis Liquor, see Liquor Ferri nitratis 
- f. Oxidum Fuscum, F. subcarbonas - f. 
Oxidum Nigrum, Oxydum ferri nigrum-f. Oxi- 
dum hydratum, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum - 
f. Oxidum rubrum, Colcothar, Ferri subcarbonas 
- f. Oxidum hydratum, Ferrum et Oxydum hy- 
dratum-f. Percyanidum, Prussian blue. 
Ferri Phosphas, Phosphate of Iron, (Ferri 
Sulphat. Soda Phosphat. §vi, Agua, cong. 
Dissolve the sulphate of iron and phosphate of 
soda, severally, in four pints of the water; then 
mix the solutions, and set the mixture by, that 
the powder may subside; lastly, having poured 
off the supernatant liquor, wash the phosphate 
of iron with water, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
-Ph. U. S.) Dose, 5 to 10 grains as a chaly- 
beate. Rarely used. 
Ferri Pila, F. limatura-f. et Potassse tartras, 
Ferrum tartarizatum-f. Potassio-citras, see Ferri 
ammonio-citras-f. Potassio-tartras, Ferrum tar- 
tarizatum. 
Ferri Protocarbo'nas, Protocarbonate of 
Iron, (F.) Carbonate de Fer. The protocarbo- 
nate of iron, thrown down from a solution of the 
sulphate of iron by the carbonate of soda, readily 
attracts oxygen and becomes converted into the 
sesquioxide. To prevent this, it may be asso- 
ciated with honey and sugar, and the mixture be 
reduced by evaporation to a pilular consistence. 
The mass constitutes the Ferruginous Pills, Pi- 
372 
FERRI 
lules ferrugineuses, of Vallet, Vallet's Pi\ls. See 
Pilulse Ferri Carbonatis. The Edinburgh Phar- 
macopoeia contains the Ferri Car'bonas Sac"ha- 
ra'tum, Sac'charine Carbonate of Iron, prepared 
in this manner. It is the Ferrum t'arbou'icum 
Saccharatum oWilauer. 
The protocarbonate is given in the same dis- 
eases as the lactate of iron; ten or fifteen grains 
in the course of the twenty-four hours. 
Ferri Protosulphas Viridis, F. Sulphas-f. 
Prussias, Prussian blue. 
Ferri Pulvis, Fer rtduit, F. reduit par I'hy- 
drogene, Ferrum metal'licum, Powdered iron, 
prepared by passing a stream of hydrogen gas 
over the sesquioxide of iron, contained in an iros 
or porcelain tube heated to low redness. It is 
very liable to become oxidated, and must be kept 
in a dry, well-stopped bottle. It has been pre- 
scribed in ansemic, and especially in chlorotic 
cases. The ordinary dose is two grains three times 
a day, in pill made with sugar and gum. A for- 
mula for its preparation is given in the last edition 
of the Pharmacopoeia of the United States (1851). 
Ferri et Citras, Citrate of Iron and 
Qui'nia, formed by the union of four parts of 
citrate of iron and one part of citrate of quinia, 
has been prescribed in cases where a combination 
of these tonics is indicated. 
Ferri Ramenta, F. limatura - f. Rubigo, F. 
Subcarbonas-f. Scobs, F. limatura-f. Sesquiox- 
idum, F. subcarbonas praecipitatus. 
Ferri Sesquinitratis, Liquor, see Tinctura 
Ferri muriatis-f. Sodio-tartras, see Ferri et am- 
monio-citras. 
Ferri Subcar'bonas, F. Car'bonas, Ferrum 
pracipita'tum, Chal'ybis Rubi'go prapara'ta, 
Ferri Rubigo. (The last two terms, as well as 
Ferru'go, are applied to the subcarbonate or rust, 
FEru'go Ferri, Cacaferri, formed by the action 
of moist air on metallic iron.) A protoxide of 
iron, oxidized by the decomposition of water; the 
carbonic acid being attracted from the air. Dose, 
gr. v to gss and more. 
Ferri Subcarbonas may be precipitated from 
sulphate of iron by carbonate of soda. The fol- 
lowing is the formula of the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States:-Ferri sulph. Sjviij; sodee carb. 
aquee bullient. cong. Dissolve the sulphate 
of iron and carbonate of soda severally in four 
pints of the water, then mix the solutions, and, 
having stirred the mixture, set it by that the 
powder may subside: having poured off the 
liquor, wash the subcarbonate with hot water, 
wrap it in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle 
heat. It is, also, called Ferri sesquiox'idum, 
Ox'idum ferri fuscum, Ox'idum ferri rubrum, 
Peuto-car'bonas Ferri fuscus, Crocus martis ape'- 
riens, Sesquioxide or peroxide of iron, (F.) Per- 
oxide de fer, Safran de Mars aperitif. 
Ferri Sulphas, Sal Martis, Vitriolum Martis, 
Vitriolum Ferri, Ferrum Vitriola'tum, Sulphas 
vel Protosulphas Ferri vir'idis, Oalcadinum, Cal'- 
cator, Cal'cotar, Chalcan'thum, Calcite'a, Atra- 
men'tum suto'rium, Vit'riol, Vitriolum viride, 
An'ima Hep'atis, Sulphate of Iron, Green Vitriol, 
Copperas, (F.) Sulfate de fer. The Pharmaco- 
poeia of the United States directs it to be made 
by the action of sulphuric acid on iron 
wire, cut in pieces, §xij-water, a gallon-evapo- 
rating, crystallizing, and drying the crystals on 
bibulous paper. This salt is inodorous, and of a 
strong styptic taste. The crystals are light green, 
transparent, rhomboidal; and soluble in two parts 
of water. It is tonic and anthelmintic. Dose, 
gr. j. to vj and more. 
Ferri Sulphas Calcinatum, Colcothar. 
Ferri Sulphure'tum, Sul'phuret of Iron, Iron 
pyri'tes, (F.) Sulfure de fer; may be made by FERRICUS HYDRAS 
heating one part of sublimed sulphur, over three 
parts of iron filings in a crucible until the mass 
begins to glow. It is employed as a ready means 
for obtaining hydrosulphuric acid gas by the ad- 
dition of sulphuric or chlorohydric acid. 
Ferri Tankas, Ferrum tan'nicum, Tannate of 
Iron, (F.) Tannate de fer. This salt is usually ob- 
tained by adding a solution of a salt of sesqui- 
oxide of iron, as the persulphate, to a decoction 
of nut-galls. It is possessed of tonic and astrin- 
gent pqpperties, and has been extolled especially 
in chlorosis. 
Ferri Tart arum, Ferrum tartarizatum- f. 
Tritoxydum, Colcothar. 
Ferri Valeria'nas, Ferrum Valeria'nicum, 
Vale'rianate of Iron, (Fr.) Valerianate de fer. 
Formed by the action of valerianic acid on oxide 
of iron. It is a dark brick-red powder, insoluble 
in water, and has been given in hysteria compli- 
cating chlorosis. Dose, from two to four grains. 
FERRICUS HYDRAS, Ferrum oxyduin hy- 
dratum. 
FERRUGINEUS, Chalybeate. 
FERRUGINOUS, Chalybeate. 
FERRUGO, Ferri subcarbonas, Ferrum oxy- 
datum hydratum. 
FERRUM, liars, Side'ros, Metal'lum hcemato- 
poiet'icwm., Iron, (F.) Fer. A metal of a bluish- 
gray colour; fibrous texture; brilliant and fine- 
grained fracture. Specific gravity 7.600 to 7.800 ; 
hard, ductile, malleable, and magnetic. The me- 
dicinal virtues of iron are tonic; producing fetid 
eructations, when it takes effect, owing to its 
meeting with acid in the stomach, which oxidizes 
it, and causes the evolution of hydrogen gas. 
When given in the metallic state, the filings are 
chiefly used; but the oxides and salts are most 
commonly employed. 
Ferrum Ammoniacale, F. ammoniatum - f. 
Ammoniaco-citricum, Ferri ammonio-citras. 
Ferrum Ammonia'tum, Mu'rias Ammo'nice et 
Ferri, Ferri ammo'nio-chlo'ridurn, Flores martia'- 
les, Flores salis ammoni'aci martia'les, Ens mar- 
tis, Ens Ven'eris Boy'lei, Sal martis muriat'icum 
sublima'tum, Sal ammoni'acum martia'le, Ammo'- 
nium muriat'icum martia'tum seu martia'le, Aroph 
Paracel'si, Calen'dulce minera'les, Ferrum ammo- 
niaca'le, Ammo'niated Iron, Amino'nio-chloride 
of Iron, (F.) Muriate d'ammoniaqne et de fer. A 
mixture of the hydro-chlorates of ammonia and 
iron. (?) {Ferri Subcarb. §iij; acid muriat. fJ;x; 
ammon. muriat. Ibijss; aq. destillat. Oiv. Mix the 
subcarbonate with the acid in a glass vessel and 
digest for two hours; then add the muriate, previ- 
ously dissolved in distilled water, and having fil- 
tered the liquor, evaporate to dryness. Rub to 
powder.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
Ferrum Borussicum, Prussian blue-f. Car- 
bonicum Saccharatum, Ferri protocarbonas - f. 
Cyanogenatum, Prussian blue - f. Haematites, 
Haematites-f. Magnes attractorium, Magnet-f. 
Metallicum, Ferri pulvis. 
Ferrum Oxyda'tum Hydra'tum, Ferri Oxi- 
dum Hydra'tum (Ph. U. S.), Ferru'go, Hydras 
Fer'ricus, Hydro-oxide of Iron, Hydrated Oxide 
of Iron, Hydrated peroxide of Iron, Hydrated 
Trit oxide of Iron. It may be prepared by taking 
a solution of sulphate of iron, increasing its dose 
of oxygen by heating it with nitric acid, and pre- 
cipitating the oxide by adding pure ammonia in 
excess, washing the precipitate, and keeping it 
moist. 
The following is the formula adopted by the 
Pharmacopoeia of the United States : Ferri Sulph. 
acid, sulphuric, acid, nitric, 
vel q. s., Liq. ammonia q s., aqua Oij. Dissolve 
the sulphate of iron in the water, and having 
373 
FEU ACTUEL 
added the sulphuric acid, boil the solution : then 
add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling the 
liquid for a minute or two after each addition, 
until the acid ceases to produce a dark colour. 
Filter the liquid, allow it to cool, and add the 
liquor ammonia in excess, stirring the mixture 
briskly; wash the precipitate with water, until the 
washings cease to yield a precipitate with chlo- 
ride of barium, and keep it close in bottles with 
water sufficient to cover it. 
It has been brought forward, of late, as an an- 
tidote to arsenic; and many cases of its efficacy 
have been published. 
From 10 to 20 parts of the hydrated oxide 
would seem to be more than sufficient to convert 
1 part of arsenious acid into the basic salt of iron. 
Ferrum Oxydulatum Hydrocyanicum, Prus- 
sian blue-f. Potabile, F. tartarizatum-f. Preeci- 
pitatum, Ferri subcarbonas. 
Ferrum Tannicum, Ferri tannas. 
Ferrum Tartariza'tum, Tartras Potas'sce et 
Ferri, Tar'tarum Ferri, Ferri et Potasses Tartras, 
(Ph. U. S.) Tar'tarus chalybea'tus, Mars solu'bi- 
lis, Tartras kal' ico-fer' ricus, Chalybs tartariza'- 
tus, Tartarus martia'lis, Ferri potassio-tartras, 
Tartras Potas'sce ferrugino'sus, Ferrum potab'ile, 
Globus martia'lis, Glob'uli Tar'tari martia'les seu 
martia'les solu'ti seu martia'ti seu tartra'tis ferri 
et lixiv'ies, Boli Martis, Pyri martia'les, Tartar- 
ized Iron, Tartrate of Potassa and Iron, (F.) Tar- 
trate de potasse et de fer, Boule de Mars, Boule de 
Nancy, B. de Molsheim, B. d'Acier. (Ferri sub- 
carb. Acid, muriat. Liquor Potassa, 
Ovss; Potass. Bitart. § vijss, Agues destillat. cong. 
iss. Mix the subcarbonate of iron and the muri- 
atic acid, and digest for two hours; pour the so- 
lution into a gallon of the distilled water; set 
aside for an hour, and pour off the supernatant 
liquor. To this add the liquor potassae ; wash the 
precipitate formed frequently with water, and, 
while yet moist, mix it with the bitartrate of po- 
tassa and half a gallon of the distilled water. 
Keep the mixture at the temperature of 140° for 
30 hours, frequently stirring; filter the solution, 
and evaporate by means of a water bath, at the 
same temperature, to dryness. - (Ph. U. S.) It 
is one of the mildest of the salts of iron, and not 
unpalatable. Dose, gr. x. to gss. 
The Tinctu'ra Martis Aperiti'va, Tincture of 
Ludwig; Al'cohol cum Sulpha'te Ferri tartarisa'- 
tus; Tinctura, Martis Glauberi is, essentially, a 
solution of this salt. It is also called Eau de 
Boule, and is used in contusions. 
Helvetius's Styptic was composed of the filings 
of iron and tartar, mixed to a proper consistence 
with French brandy. It was called in England 
Eaton's Styptic; but this is now formed of Sul- 
phate of Iron. 
Ferrum Valeriaxicum, Ferri valerianas - f. 
Vitriolatum, Ferri sulphas-f. Vitriolatum ustum, 
Colcothar-f. Zooticum, Prussian blue. 
FERTILITY, Fecundity. 
FER'ULA, Fanon, Palette, Splint-f. Africana, 
Bubon galbanum-f. Asafoetida, see Asafoetida- 
f. Graveolens, Anethum graveolens - f. Opopo- 
nax, Pastinaca opoponax - f. Persica, see Saga- 
penum. 
FERUS, Homicidal. 
FESSES, Nates. 
FESSIER, Gluteal-f. Grand, Glutaeus maxi- 
mus-f. Moyen, Glutaeus medius-f. Petit, Glu- 
taeus minimus. 
FETID, Fex'tidus, Dyso'des, Caco'des, Bromo'- 
sus, Graveolens. Having a bad smell. 
FETUS, Foetus. 
FEU ACTUEL, Cauterium--f. Persique, Her- 
pes zoster, see Anthrax-/. Potential, see Caute- FEUX DE DENTS 
rium-/. Sacre, Erysipelas-/. St. Antoine, Ery- 
sipelas-/. Sauvage, Ignis sylvaticus--f. Volage, 
Ignis sylvaticus. 
FEUX DE DENTS, Strophulus-/. Volages, 
Porrigo larvalis. 
FlZVE, Vicia faba-f. de Carthagene, Habilla 
de Carthagena - /. d Cochon, Hyoscyamus -/. 
Epaisse, Sedum telephium-f. des Marais, Vicia 
faba-/. de Sainte Ignace, Ignatia am ar a-/. Pur- 
gatif, Ricinus communis. 
FEVER, Febris, from feritas, 'wildness,' or 
from fervor, ' heat,' or from februo, ' I purify :' 
Pyr, Pyr'etos, nvperos, (F.) Fievre. One of the 
most frequent and dangerous affections to which 
the body is liable. A person has an attack of 
fever, when he is affected with rigors, followed by 
increased heat of skin, quick pulse, languor, and 
lassitude. Rigors, increased heat, and frequency 
of pulse have each been assumed as the essential 
character of fever. It is not characterized, how- 
ever, by any one, but depends upon the coexist- 
ence of many symptoms. Fevers have been usu- 
ally divided into idiopathic or essential, and into 
symptomatic. The idiopathic arise without any 
obvious local cause. The symptomatic are de- 
pendent upon local irritation. Idiopathic fevers 
may be divided into three classes: 1. Those at- 
tended with distinct paroxysms :-intermittents. 
2. Remittent and continued fevers: and, 3. Fevers 
complicated with eruptions or the exanthema- 
tous. These divisions admit of great variety, 
owing to climate, season, soil, age, &c. All ages 
and climates are liable to fever; and its exciting 
causes are very numerous. These causes may be 
common; as irritations in the intestines ; external 
injuries, stimulants, &c.; or they maybe specific; 
as miasmata, contagion, <fcc. The greatest diver- 
sity has prevailed regarding the theory of fever. 
Its primary seat has been placed in the brain, 
mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, 
skin, nerves, blood-vessels, liver, vena cava, pan- 
creas, &c. It would seem, however, that al- 
though, in fever, the whole of the functions are 
morbidly impressed, the arguments in favour of 
the impression being first made on the nervous 
system and the system of nutrition are the 
strongest The exciting cause of fever, whatever 
it may be, produces an irregular action in the 
system of nutrition, which is soon conveyed to the 
rest of the system, owing to the extensive sym- 
pathy which exists between every part of the 
body; and it is probable, that all those local in- 
flammations and congestions are the consequence, 
rather than the cause, of this disordered condi- 
tion of the system. The general character of 
fever is clearly shown by examination of the 
blood. When fever is devoid of inflammatory 
complication, the quantity of fibrin is in no case 
augmented. It frequently remains in the healthy 
proportion, and at times diminishes to an extent 
not met with in any other acute disease. The 
alteration of the blood in fevers, which consists 
generally in a diminution of the fibrinous element, 
is the reverse of what occurs in inflammation. 
Many phenomena of fever are influenced by 
that periodicity, which we notice in the execution 
of several of the functions of the body. The 
types of intermittents are strong evidences of 
such an influence. 
in the treatment of fever, it is important, 1. To 
bear in mind its tendency, particularly in the case 
of the exanthemata, to run a definite course, and 
terminate in restoration to health. 2. The dispo- 
sition to local determination or hypermmiae: - 
the most frequent cause of the fatal termination 
of fever; a circumstance requiring the vigilant 
attention of the physician. 3. That the symp- 
374 
FEVER 
toms must be attentively studied, in order to de- 
duce, as far as possible from them, the indications 
of cure. Lastly, attention must be paid to the 
prevalent epidemic. There are particular seasons 
in which fevers are very malignant; and others 
in which they are as mild; circumstances which 
necessarily have an eifect upon the treatment. 
Fever and Ague, Intermittent Fever-f. Ac- 
climating, F. strangers'. 
Fever, Ade'no-Meninge'al, Febris ade'no- 
meningea, Febris mesenter'ica (Baglivi,) Morbus 
muco'sus, Febris mueo'sa; Mucous fever} Gastro- 
duodenop'yra, Pitu'itous Fever, Catar'rhal Fever, 
Phlegmap'yra,, Phlegmop'yra, Phlegmatop'yra, 
Gastro-Bronchi' tie. Fever, accompanied with 
considerable mucous secretion; especially from 
the digestive tube. 
Fever, Adynam'ic, Febris adynam'ica, Asthe- 
nicop'yra, Asthenicopy'retus, Asthenop'yra, Asthe- 
nopyr'etus. Fever attended with great prostra- 
tion of the vital powers-as Typhoid and Typhus 
fever. 
Fever, African, Febris Africa'na. The ma- 
lignant bilious remittent fever, which prevails on 
the Western Coast of Africa. 
Fever, Algid, see Algidus. 
Fever, Anom'alous, Febris anom'ala, F. er- 
rat'ica, F. irregula'ris, F. vaga. A fever, whose 
progress and type are irregular. 
Fever, Aphon'ic, Febris apho'nica. A variety 
of intermittent, in which the voice is lost during 
the paroxysm. 
Fever, Apoplec'tic, Febris apoplec'tica, Com'- 
atose Fever, Febris comato'des, F. Lethar'gica, F. 
soporo'sa. An intermittent or continued fever, 
attended with apoplectic symptoms. 
Fever, Articular Eruptive, Dengue-f. Ar- 
ticular rheumatic, Dengue. 
Fever, Artific"ial, Febris artificia'lis, Febris 
arte promo'ta. Fever produced designedly by 
the internal or external use of stimulants. 
Fever, Asthen'ic, Febris asthen'iea. Fever 
accompanied with debility. It may include every 
variety of fever under certain circumstances, but 
is generally appropriated to typhus. 
Fever, Asthmat'ic, Febris asthmat'ica. A 
pernicious intermittent, accompanied with symp- 
toms of asthma. 
Fever, Ataxo-Adynam'ic ; Febris atax'o-ady- 
nam'ica. Fever characterized by symptoms of 
ataxia and adynamia. 
Fever, Barcelona, Fever, yellow - f. Bas- 
tard, Illegitimate fever. 
Fever, Bil'ious, Febris bilio'sa, F. polyehol'- 
ica, Syn'ochus bilio'sa, F. aso'des, F. choler'ica, 
F. gas'trica, F. hepat'ica, Oholep'yra, Cholepyr'- 
etus, Hepatogastrocholo'sis, Febris cholepyret'ica, 
Enterop'yra bilio'sa, Choloze'mia febri'lis. The 
common remittent fever of summer and autumn ; 
generally supposed to be owing to, or connected 
with, derangement of the biliary system. 
Fever, Bilious Remitting, Yellow, Fever, 
yellow - f. Bladdery, Pemphigus. 
Fever, BoA Vista. A malignant bilious re- 
mittent fever, greatly resembling yellow fever, 
which was very fatal at Fernando Po, and in 
ships in its waters, in the year 1845. 
Fever, Bona. A malignant paludal fever, 
which prevailed amongst the troops of the garri- 
son at Bona in Algeria, from 1832 to 1835. 
Fever, Bone, see Inflammation - f. Bouquet, 
Dengue - f. Brain, F. cerebral, Phrenitis - f. 
Brain, water, Hydrocephalus internus-- f. Bucket, 
Dengue-f. Bulam, Fever, yellow-f. Camp, Ty- 
phus gravior. 
Fever, Cardial'gic, Febris cardial'gica. A 
variety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
with violent cardialgia during the paroxysm. FEVER 
Fever, Cardit'ic. Intermittent fever, accom- 
panied with pain at the heart. 
Fever, Catarrhal, F. adeno-meningeal. 
Fever, Cephalal'gic, Febris cephalal'gica. 
A pernicious intermittent, accompanied with in- 
tense pain of the head. Also, intermittent ce- 
phalalgia. 
Fever, Cephal'ic, Febris cephal'ica. A fe- 
brile affection of children-intermediate between 
the acute form of active cerebral congestion and 
the chronic form - which is attended by fever, 
pain in the head, disorder, or more generally 
constipation of the bowels, and a train of pheno- 
mena often supposed to be premonitory of an at- 
tack of hydrocephalus.-Mauthner. 
Fever, Cer'ebral, Brain fever. Fever, ge- 
nerally of an ataxic character, in which the brain 
is considerably affected. 
Fever, Childbed, Fever, puerperal, Puerperal 
Fever - f. Childbed, Low, see Peritonitis. 
Fever, Chol'eric, Febris choler'ica. A va- 
riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
with symptoms of cholera morbus. 
Fever, Choleric, of Infants, Cholera in- 
fantum. 
Fever, Chronic, Febris chron'ica. Some au- 
thors apply this name to protracted fevers; others 
to hectic fever. 
Fever, Colliq'uative, Febris tab'ida, Febris 
colliquati'va. Fever, characterized by rapid 
emaciation, copious evacuations, and rapid pros- 
tration of strength. 
Fever, Comatose, F. apoplectic. 
Fever, Conges'tive, Febris congesti'va. Fe- 
ver accompanied by obscure symptoms; or by 
great oppression and depression; in which it is 
difficult-and often impossible-to induce reac- 
tion. Congestive fevers occur in various parts 
of this country, especially in the fall; and they 
are very common in India. The term congestive 
fever is often used in some parts of the south of 
the United States very indefinitely-to include 
winter typhus, and typhoid fevers, typhoid pneu- 
monia, as well as intermittents and autumnal re- 
mittents.-Dickson. 
Fever, Continent, see Continent and Con- 
tinued fever - f. Continual, see Continued fever 
- f. Continued, common, Synochus. 
Fever, Convul'sive, Febris eonvulsi'va. A 
pernicious intermittent or remittent, accompanied 
by convulsions. 
Fever, Delir'ious, Febris cum delir'io, (F.) 
Fivire dtlirante. A pernicious intermittent, cha- 
racterized by delirium in the paroxysms. 
Fever, Dep'uratory, Febris depvrato'ria. 
A fever, to which was attributed the property of 
purifying the blood; or which indicated, that 
such a supposed depuration had occurred. 
Fever, Diaphoret'ic, Febris diaphoret'ica, 
Febris sudato'ria. A pernicious intermittent, 
with excessive sweating during the fit. 
Fever, Diary, Ephemera. 
Fever, Diges'tive. The chilliness, followed 
by increased heat and quickness of pulse, which 
frequently accompanies digestion. 
Fever, Double, (F.) Fiivre double ou doublie. 
An intermittent, which has two paroxysms in a 
given time, instead of one. 
Fever, Double-Quartan. A fever, whose 
paroxysms occur two days in succession, and fail 
the third day; the first paroxysm resembling the 
4th; and the second the 5th. 
Fever, Double-Quotidian. An intermittent, 
whose paroxysms return twice every day at cor- 
responding hours. 
Fever, Double-Tertian. An intermittent, 
whose paroxysms return every day; the first 
375 
FEVER 
corresponding with the 3d, the second with the 
4th, and so on. 
Fever, Duodec,,imane, Febris duodecim'ana. 
A supposititious intermittent, whose paroxysms 
recur on the 12th day, or every 11 days. 
Fever, Dynamic, Synocha-f. Endemial, Re- 
mittent F. - f. Endemic, Remittent F. - f. En- 
dcmical, Remittent F.-f. Enteric, see Typhus- 
f. Ephemeral, Ephemera. 
Fever, Epilep'tic, Febris epilep'tica. A va- 
riety of pernicious intermittent, accompanied 
with attacks of epilepsy. 
Fever, Erot'ic, Febris erot'ica, (F.) Filvre 
d'amour. A chronic fever, occasioned by unpro- 
pitious love. 
Fever, Errat'ic, see Erratic - f. Eruptive, 
Exanthematica - f. Eruptive, articular, Dengue 
-f. Exacerbating, Remittent Fever. 
Fever, Fainting, of Persia. A singular and 
fatal epidemic, presenting some points of analogy 
with cholera, which prevailed at Teheran in the 
autumn of 1842. 
Fever, Gan'grenous, Febris gangrano'des. 
Fever, accompanied by gangrene of various parts, 
and especially of the limbs and genitals. Senac 
describes an intermittent of this kind. 
Fever, Gastral'gic. An intermittent accom- 
panied with acute burning lacerating pain at the 
stomach. 
Fever, Gastric, Febris gas'trica, F. gas'trica 
biho'sa, Gastrocholo' sis, Hepatogastrocholo' sis, 
Stomach'ic fever, Syn'ochus Bilio'sa. A name, 
given by some to bilious fever, which has ap- 
peared to them to be dependent on an affection of 
the stomach. Also, called Alenin'go-gastric fever, 
Febris menin go-gas'trica, Afeningo-gastri'tis, Har- 
vest fever, (F.) Fievre de la Aloisson, F. Aleningo- 
gastrique. 
Fever, Gastro-Adynam'ic, Febris gastro- 
adynam'ica. A fever, in which the symptoms 
of bilious fever are joined with those of adynamic 
fever. 
Fever/ Gastro-Angioten'ic. A fever, in 
which the symptoms of bilious are united with 
those of inflammatory fever. 
Fever, Gastro-Atax'ic. A fever, in which 
the symptoms of bilious fever are united with 
those of ataxic fever. 
Fever, Gibraltar, Fever, yellow-f. Harvest, 
F. Gastric-f. Hue in agastric, F. yellow. 
Fever, Hazmop'toic, Febris Hcemopto'ica. A 
variety of masked intermittent, in which periodi- 
cal haemoptysis is the chief symptom. 
Fever, Hay, Catarr'hus cesti'vus, Summer Ca- 
tarrh, Hay Asthma, Rose Catarrh, Summer Bron- 
chi'tis. A catarrh to which certain persons are 
subject in summer, and which has been ascribed 
in England to the effluvium of hay, but this is 
not the probable cause. It is a catarrh with 
sneezing, headach, weeping, snuffling and cough, 
with, at times, fever and general discomfort. It 
is not uncommon in this country. It disappears 
spontaneously, - to recur on subsequent years 
about the same period. 
Fever, Heboom'adal. A supposititious fever, 
whose paroxysms return weekly, and on the same 
day. 
Fever, Hectic, see Consumption, and Hectic 
Fever. 
Fever, Hepat'ic or Hepatal'gic. A perni- 
cious intermittent, with violent pain in the right 
hypochondrium. 
Fever, Hill. A modification of remittent, 
occurring in the hilly districts of India. 
Fever, Hospital, Typhus gravior. 
Fever, Hu'moral, Febris humora'lis. Fever, 
in which an alteration or deterioration of the hu- 
mours is suspected. FEVER 
Fever, Hun'gary, Febris Hungar'ica sen 
Pannon'iea seu Morbus Ungar'icus, Cephalon'- 
osus, Vermis cer'ebri, (F.) Fievre Hongroise ou 
de Hongrie. An epidemic typhus, common 
amongst the soldiers in barracks, in Hungary. 
Fever, Hydrophob'ic, Febris hydrophob'ica. 
Pernicious intermittent with dread of liquids. 
Fever, Hyster'ic, Febris hyster'ica. Hyste- 
ria, accompanied by fever. Hysteria, occurring 
with each paroxysm of intermittent. 
Fever, Icter'ic, Febris icter'ica. Fever, ac- 
companied by jaundice. Some intermittents ex- 
hibit this complication at each paroxysm. 
Fever, In'fantile Remit'tent, Febris infan'- 
turn remit'tens, F. vermino'sa, (of many), Spurious 
worm fever, Remittent fever of children, F. muco'- 
sa vermino'sa, Hec'tica infan'tilis, Febris lenta. 
A fever occurring in childhood, which often as- 
sumes many of the characters of hydrocephalus. 
It appears generally to be dependent upon a 
morbid condition of the stomach and bowels. 
Fever, Inflammatory, Synocha. 
Fever, Insid'ious. Fever, which, at first, 
seems devoid of danger, but subsequently becomes 
of a more or less malignant character. 
Fever, Intermittent, see Intermittent fever 
-f. Jail, Typhus gravior-f. Jungle, see Jungle 
fever - f. Lenticular, Miliary fever-f. Irritative, 
Irritation, morbid. 
Fever, Lo'chial, Febris lochia'lis. That ac- 
celeration of the circulation which sometimes 
occurs during the discharge of the lochia. 
Fever, Lung, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
Fever, Malig'nant, Febris malig'na. Fever 
which makes its approaches insidiously, and sub- 
sequently becomes formidable. Any fever which 
exhibits a very dangerous aspect. Typhus gra- 
vior. 
Fever, Malig'nant Pestilential, Fever, 
yellow -f. Marsh, Elodes (febris.) 
Fever, Masked, Febris larva'ta, (F.) Figure 
larvee, Dead Ague, Dumb Ague. Anomalous in- 
termittent, the paroxysms of which have not the 
regular stages. 
Fever, Meningo-gastric, Fever gastric. 
Fever, Mesenter'ic, Febris mesenter'ica. A 
name given, by Baglivi, to a species of fever 
which appears to have belonged either to the 
mucous or bilious. 
Fever, Milk, Febris lac'tea, (F.) Figure de 
lait ou laiteuse, F. lactee; Galactop'yra, Galac- 
topyr'etus. The fever, which precedes or accom- 
panies the secretion of milk in women recently 
delivered. It comes on generally about the third 
day after delivery, and is characterized by quick 
pulse; increased heat; redness of face; diminu- 
tion or temporary suspension of the lochial dis- 
charge ; tumefaction and tension of the breasts. 
It commonly terminates in twenty-four hours, 
and often with profuse perspiration. It requires 
the use of antiphlogistics, with dry diet. 
Fever, Mixed, Synochus-f. Mucous, F. ade- 
no-meningeal. 
Fever Nephrit'ic, Febris nephrit'ica. Inter- 
mittent fever, accompanied with nephritic pain 
during the paroxysm. 
Fever, Nervous, Febris nervo'sa seu neuro'- 
des, Febris lenta nervo'sa, Neurop'yra, Neuropyr'- 
etus. A variety of Typhus; the Typhus mitior 
of Cullen. By many, however, it is esteemed a 
distinct disease. See Typhoid fever. 
Fever, Nervous, with Exanthematous 
Eruption, Typhus. 
Fever, Niger. A malignant fever, of the 
bilious remittent kind, which proved fatal to 
many in the expeditions sent out by the British 
government to explore the Niger, in the years 
1841-2. and previously 
376 
FEVER 
Fever, Non'ane, Febris nona'na. A supposi- 
titious fever, whose paroxysms recur every ninth 
day, or every eight days. 
Fever, Oc'tane, Febris octa'na. An intermit- 
tent, whose paroxysms recur every eighth day. 
Fever, Paludal, Intermittent - f. Paroxys- 
mal, Remittent fever - f. Periodic, Intermittent. 
Fever, Period'ical, Febris period'ica. An 
intermittent or remittent fever. 
Fever Pernic"ious, Febris pernicio' sa. In- 
termittent fever, when attended with great dan- 
ger, and which destroys the majority of those 
affected by it in the first four or five paroxysms; 
sometimes in the very first. 
Fever, Pestilen'tial, Febris pestilentia'lis. 
The Plague. Also a severe case of typhus. The 
yellow fever and sweating sickness have, like- 
wise, been thus designated. 
Fever, Pestilential, of Cattle, Murr- f. 
Pituitous, F. adeno-meningeal. 
Fever, Pleurit'ic. An intermittent or re- 
mittent, accompanied with inflammation of the 
pleura. 
Fever, Pneumon'ic, Febris pneumon'ica. An 
intermittent, accompanied with inflammation of 
the lungs. Also, pneumonia. 
Fever Poison, see Poison. 
Fever, Pseudo. Irritation, morbid. 
Fever, Puer'peral, Febris puerpera'lie,Child- 
bed fever, (F.) Fiivre puerperale. This name 
has been given to several acute diseases, su- 
pervening on delivery.' It means, generally, a 
malignant variety of peritonitis, which runs its 
course very rapidly, and passes into a typhoid 
condition, unless met, at the very onset, by the 
most active depleting measures. By the gene- 
rality of practitioners, it is esteemed to be emi- 
nently contagious; some, however, deny that it 
is so. See Peritonitis, and Puerperal fever. 
Fever, Puerperal Adynamic or Malignant, 
see Peritonitis. 
Fever, Puking, Milk sickness. 
Fever, Pu'rulent, Febris purulen'ta. Fever, 
which accompanies suppuration. 
Fever, Putrid, Typhus gravior. 
Fever, Quintan, Febris quinta'na. A fever, 
whose paroxysms return every fifth day. It is 
seen rarely, or never. 
Fever, Quotidian, see Quotidian - f. Red 
Tongue, see Typhus. 
Fever, Reg'ular, Febris regula'ris seu ex- 
quisi'ta. An intermittent whose paroxysms fol- 
low a determinate type. It is opposed to atypic. 
Sometimes opposed to anomalous. 
Fever, Remittent, see Remittent Fever - f. 
Remittent, infantile, see Fever, infantile remit- 
tent- f. Remittent of children, F. infantile re- 
mittent- f. Rheumatic, Rheumatism, acute - f. 
Root, Triosteum perfoliatum. 
Fever, Scorbu'tic, Febris scorbu'tica. The 
febrile movement, which sometimes accompanies 
scorbutus or scurvy. 
Fever, Seasoning, F., strangers'. 
Fever, Sec'ondary. A febrile condition, which 
recurs in certain affections after having ceased; 
such as the secondary fever, which comes on at 
the time of the maturation of the variolous 
pustules, or as the eruption of scarlatina, &c., 
disappears. 
Fever, Septan, Febris septa'na. An inter- 
mittent, whose paroxysms recur every six days, 
and consequently on the seventh. 
Fever, Sextan, Febris sexta'na. A fever, 
which recurs every five days, and consequently 
on the sixth. 
Fever, Ship, see Typhus. 
Fever, Simple, Febris Simplex. Simple fever 
is that which has no predominant character- FEVER 
bilious, inflammatory, or nervous; and which is 
unaccompanied by any local determination, hy- 
peraemia, or complication. It may be continued, 
remittent, or intermittent. 
Fever, Simple Continued. This is the most 
favourable form of continued fever, and has a 
tendency to wear itself out, provided only the 
la-dentia be avoided. The prognosis is conse- 
quently favourable, and the treatment simple; 
consisting in perfect repose of body and mind, 
abstinence, and relieving the thirst by cold 
drinks. 
Fever, Singul'tous, Febris singulto'sa seu 
lygnio'des seu lyngo'des. Fever, accompanied 
with singultus or hiccough. 
Fever, Spotted, Typhus gravior. 
Fever, Ster'coral, Feftris stercora'lis. Fever, 
produced by an accumulation of faeces in the in- 
testines. 
Fever, Stomachic, Gastric Fever. 
Fever, Strangers', Accli'mating or Seasoning 
fever. Yellow, or remittent fever, which is en- 
demic in certain places, and to which strangers 
arc especially liable. 
Fever, Subcontinual, Remittent Fever. 
Fever, Subintrant, Febris subin'trans. An 
intermittent, in which one paroxysm is scarcely 
finished before the other begins. 
Fever, Sweating, Sudor Anglicus. 
Fever, Syn'copal, Febris syncopa'lis, F. mi- 
nu'ta, (F.) Fiivre syncopale. A variety of per- 
nicious intermittent, in which there is, in every 
paroxysm, one or more faintings. 
Fever, Synochoid, Synochus. 
Fever, Syphilit'ic, Febris syphilit'ica. Fever, 
accompanying syphilis, or supposed to be owing 
to a syphilitic taint. 
Fever, Ter'tian, Febris tertia'na. A fever, 
whose paroxysm returns on the third day, and 
consequently every two days. 
Fever, Trag"ic, Febris Trag"ica. A low 
fever, in which the patient declaims like an actor 
during the delirium. 
Fever, Traumat'ic, Febris traumat'ica. The 
fever, which supervenes on wounds or great sur- 
gical operations. 
Fever, Typhoid, see Typhus -f. Typhoid, of 
India, Cholera-f. Typhous, Typhus. 
Fever, Ver'minous, Febris vermino'sa, Hel- 
minthop'yra, Worm fever. Fever, produced by 
the presence of worms in the digestive tube, or 
accompanied by their expulsion. 
Fever, Vernal, Febris verna'lis. An inter- 
mittent or other fever occurring in the spring. 
Vernal intermittents were formerly considered 
salubrious. 
" An ague in the spring 
Is physic for a king." 
Fever, Vesicular, Pemphigus. 
Fever, Wal'cheren, Gall-sickness. The re- 
mittents and intermittents to which the British 
troops were exposed, who were attached to the 
expedition to Walcheren, in 1809. 
Fever, Water Brain, Hydrocephalus inter- 
dus-f- Winter, see Tongue, black - f. Worm, 
Verminous F.-f. Worm, spurious, Fever, infan- 
tile remittent. 
Fever, Yellow, Febris fava, F. seu Pestis 
America na, Cholo*sis America'na, Ochrotyphus, 
Loimocholo'sis, F. fava Americano'rum, Pesti- 
len'tia hcemagas'trica, Pestis occidenta'lis seu tn- 
tertrop'ica, Vom'itus niger, Epan'etus malignus 
favus, Remitt'ens ictero'des, Tritoeoph'ya Ameri- 
ca'na, Typhus ictero'des, F. trop'icus, F.contin'ua 
pu'trida ictero'des Caroliniensis, F. Elo'des icte- 
ro'des, Febris malig'na bilio'sa Amer'icce, Ochrop'- 
yra, Syn'ochus ictero'des, Fiivre matelote, Febris 
malig'na fava In'dice Occidenta'lis, Ende'mial 
377 
FIBRE 
Causus of the West Indies, Causus trop'icus en- 
dem'icus, Bilious remitting yellow fever, Malignant 
pestilential fever, Fievre jaune d'Amerique, Fiivre 
gastro-adynamique, Typhus miasmatique ataxiqus 
putride jaune, T. jaune, Voniito prieto, Vomito 
negro, Mai de Siam, Fiivre de la Barbade, F. de 
Siam, F. Icterique, F. Gastro-htipatique, Hema- 
gas'tric Fever or Pes'tilence, Black vomit, Febris 
tox'ica, Febris trop'ica, Typhus d'Amerique, Bu- 
lam Fever, Gibraltar Fever, Barcelona Fever. A 
very acute and dangerous febrile affection; so 
called, because complicated, in its second stage, 
with jaundice, and accompanied by vomiting of 
black matter. Sauvages, Cullen, and others re- 
gard it as a variety of typhus; and Pinel, as a 
species of gastro-adynamic, or bilious putrid fever. 
It occurs, endemically, only within the tropics; 
but it has been met with epidemically in the 
temperate regions. Broussais regards the disease 
as gastro-enteritis, exasperated by atmospheric 
heat; so that it runs through its stages with 
much greater rapidity than the gastro-enteritis 
of our climates. The yellow colour of the skin, 
according to him, is owing to the inflammation 
of the small intestine,-and especially of the duo- 
denum,- augmenting the secretion of the liver, 
and at the same time preventing its discharge 
into the duodenum. The pathology of this affec- 
tion, as well as its origin, is still unsettled. The 
treatment must generally be of the most active 
nature at the onset; consisting in bleeding largely, 
and exhibiting mercury, so as to excite a new 
action, if possible; - the other symptoms being 
combated according to general principles. It 
must vary, however, according to the epidemic. 
FEVERBUSH, Laurus benzoin, Prinos. 
FEVER DROPS, Warburg's, see Bebeeru. 
FEVERET, Febricula. 
FEVERFEW, Matricaria. 
FE'VERISH, Fe'verous, Feb'riens, Febrieo'sus, 
(F.) Fidvreux, from febris, 'fever? That which 
causes fever or is febrifa'cient or febrif'ic; as 
feverish food, feverish diathesis, &c. Also, the 
state of one labouring under fever, Feversick. 
FE'VERISHNESS, Febricita'tio, Febriculos'- 
ity. The state of having fever. A slight febrile 
disorder. 
FEVEROUS, Feverish. 
FEVERROOT, Pterospora andromedea. 
FEVERSICK, see Feverish. 
FEVERTREE, Pinckneya pubens. 
FEVERWOOD, Laurus benzoin. 
FEVERWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum, Tri- 
osteum. 
FIBER, Castor fiber. 
FIBRA, Fibre - f. Aurea, Coptis-f. Nervea, 
Nerve-fibre-f. Sanguinis, Fibrin. 
FIBRES ARCIFORMES, see Arciform. 
FIBRE, Fibra, Is, Ctedon, Filum. An organic 
filament, of a solid consistence, and more or less 
extensible, which enters into the composition of 
every animal and vegetable texture. The simple 
or elementary fibre of the ancients, from a parti- 
cular assemblage and arrangement of which every 
texture of the body was conceived to be consti- 
tuted, seems entirely ideal. The moderns usually 
admit, with Haller and Blumenbach, three ele- 
mentary fibres or tissues. 1. The cellular or lami- 
nated, formed chiefly of thin plates, of a whitish 
colour and extensible, which seems to consist of 
concrete gelatin. 2. The nervous, pulpy, or nied'- 
ullary, formed of a soft substance, contained in 
a cellular sheath, and consisting of albumen 
united to a fatty matter. 3. The wascuZar, com- 
posed of round filaments, of a grayish or reddish 
colour, and formed of fibrin. Chaussier has added 
to these the albugineous fibre, but it seems to FIBRIL 
differ from the cellular fibre only in greater con- 
densation of the molecules. See Fibrous. 
A very small or ultimate fibre is called a Fibril, 
Fibril'la. 
Fibre, Albugineous, see Albuginea. 
FIBRES, CONVERGING. Nervous fibres, 
whose office it is to associate different portions 
of the nervous centres with each other. They 
form the Commissures. 
Fibres, Diverg"ing. The fibres composing the 
columns of the medulla oblongata, which separate 
in their progress to the periphery of the cerebrum 
and cerebellum.-Gall and Spurzheim. 
Fibres, Remak. Fibres described by Remak 
as peculiar to the sympathetic nerve, but which 
Valentin considers to be neurilemma, and to con- 
sist of fibro-cellular bundles. 
FIBRIL, see Fibre. 
FIBRILLA, Fibril - f. Muscularis, Muscular 
fibre. 
FI'BRIN or Fib'rin, Fibrine, Fibri'na, Fi- 
bri'ne, Fibra san'guinis, Mate'ria jibro'sa, Lym- 
pha plas'tica. An immediate animal principle 
- solid, white, and inodorous; insipid; heavier 
than water; without action on the vegetable 
blues: elastic, when moist; hard and brittle 
when dry. It enters into the composition of the 
chyle and the blood, and forms the chief part of 
the muscles of red-blooded animals. In certain 
diseased actions, Fibrin or Coagulable lymph, 
gluten, is separated from the blood, and is found 
in considerable quantity on the surfaces of mem- 
branes, and in the cavities of the body. See 
Liquor Sanguinis. 
Fibrin is likewise a proximate principle of 
vegetables, and differs but little in chemical com- 
position from animal fibrin; nor does it differ 
much from albumen and casein. It is, however, 
more organizable than either. Albumen appears 
to be converted into fibrin, when it becomes emi- 
nently adapted for the formation of living tissue. 
Fibrin is very nutritious. 
FIBRINA'TION, Fibrina'tio. The act of 
adding fibrin to the blood. The opposite to defi- 
brination. 
FIB'RINOUS, Fibrino'sub. Thatwhich is com- 
posed of fibrin, or has the appearance of fibrin. 
FIBRO-CAR'TILAGE, Fibro-cartila' go. An 
organic tissue, partaking of the nature of the 
fibrous tissue, and of that of cartilage. It is 
dense, resisting, elastic, firm, supple, and flexible. 
Fibro-cartilages are distinguished into,-1. Mem- 
braniform, or those which serve as moulds to cer- 
tain parts, as the alse nasi and eyelids. 2. Vagi- 
niform, or those which form sheaths for the 
sliding of tendons. 3. Interarticular, those which 
are met with in the moveable articulations. 4. 
Uniting, (F.) Fibro-cartilages d'union, which form 
a junction between two bones, as the symphysis 
pubis. Fibro-cartilages are sometimes formed 
adventitiously, as the result of a morbid process 
in different organs. 
Fibro-Cartilages, Tarsal, see Tarsus. 
FIBROMA, Tumour, fibrous. 
FIBRO-MUCOUS, Fibro-muco'sus. Possess- 
ing the nature of fibrous and of mucous mem- 
branes. A term applied to fibrous membranes, 
which are intimately united with other mem- 
branes of a mucous nature, as the pituitary mem- 
brane, the membrane of the urethra, &c. 
FIBRO-SEROUS, Fibro-sero'sus. Possessing 
the nature of fibrous and serous membranes. 
Membranes, composed of a fibrous, and a serous 
sheet, intimately united : - as the Dura Mater, 
Pericardium, 7'unica albuginea testis, <fcc. 
FI'BROUS, Fibro'sue. Composed of fibres. 
Certain membranes, as the dura mater, perios- 
378 
FIDERIS 
teum, ligamentous capsules of the joints, &e., are 
fibrous. The fibrous system of Bichat includes 
the system of organs formed by the albugineous 
fibre of Chaussier. It comprises, particularly, 
the periosteum and perichondrium; the articular 
capsules and ligaments; the tendons; the dura 
mater, pericardium, tunica sclerotica, tunica al- 
buginea testis, outer membrane of the spleen, 
<tc. Under simple fibrous tissues, certain writers 
have classed the white and yellow fibrous tissues, 
and areolar tissue. Both the yellow and the 
white may be detected in the areolar tissue. The 
white is said to exist alone in ligaments, tendons, 
fibrous membranes, aponeuroses, Ae. The yellow 
exists separately in the middle coat of the arte- 
ries, the chordae vocales, ligamentum nuchae of 
quadrupeds, <tc. It differs from the white in 
possessing a high degree of elasticity. 
Fibrous Growth, Tumour, fibrous - f. Matter 
of the Brain, see Cerebrum - f. Membranes, see 
Membranes, fibrous. 
FIB'ULA, Cruris ra'dius, Canna minor, Os 
per'one, Perone'urn, Fac"ile minus, Sura, Arun'do 
minor, Fist'ula Cruris, Tib'ia min'ima, Os tib'iee 
minus, 'a clasp.' The splinter bone of the leg. 
(F.) Perone. The long, small bone, situate at 
the outer part of the leg. The superior or tibial 
extremity of the fibula is rounded and forms the 
caput or head. It is articulated with the tibia. 
Its inferior or tarsal extremity is broader than 
the superior. It is articulated with the tibia and 
astragalus, and forms the malleolus externus or 
uter ankle by means of its coronoid process. 
The body of the bone has three faces, having 
more or less prominent edges. It is separated 
from the tibia by the interosseous space, and is 
developed by three points of ossification ; one at 
the body, and one at each extremity. It prevent* 
the foot from turning outwards. 
FIBULAD, see Fibular Aspect. 
FIBULAE., Peroneal. 
Fibular Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
on which the fibula is situated.-Barclay. Fib'- 
ulad is used by the same writer adverbially, to 
signify 'towards the fibular aspect.' 
FIBULATIO, Infibulatio. 
FIC, Ficus. 
FICAIRE, Ranunculus ficaria. 
FICARIA, Scrophularia aquatica-f. Commu- 
nis, Ranunculus ficaria - f. Ranunculoides, Ra- 
nunculus ficaria-f. Verna, Ranunculus ficaria. 
FICATIO, Ficus. 
FICOSA EMINENTLY, Ficus. 
FICUS, Syce, Sy'cea, Sy cum, Sy co'sis, Syco'- 
ma, Fica'tio, Fico'sus Tumor, Fico'sa eminen'tia, 
Maris'ca, (F.) Fie. A fleshy excrescence, often 
soft and reddish, sometimes hard and scirrhous, 
hanging by a peduncle, or formed like a fig; 
occurring on the eyelids, chin, tongue, anus, or 
organs of generation. The fici seated on the 
last-mentioned parts are generally of a syphilitic 
character. 
Ficus, F. Carica. 
Ficus Car'ica, F. commu'nis. The systematic 
name of the fig tree; (F.) Figuier. Carica, 
Ficus, Ficus vulga'ris, Ficus commu'nis, Syce, 
aver/, (F.) Figue: the fig - Ficus, (Ph. U. S.) - 
is a pleasant fruit when ripe; as well as when 
dried in the state in which it is found in the 
shops. It is used, at times, in place of a cata- 
plasm ; especially in gum-boils. 
Ficus Communis, F. Carica - f. Indiae grana, 
Coccus cacti - f. Indica, Musa paradisiaca, see 
Caoutchouc and Lacca-f. Religiosa, see Lacca. 
FIDERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
waters, in the Canton of the Grisons, are strong, 
acidulous, and alkaline and possess all the vir- 
tues of the class. FIDGETS 
FIDGETS. Of doubtful etymology. Dys- 
phor'ia simplex, D. nervo'sa, Erethis'mus simplex, 
Tituba'tio, (F.) Fretillement. General restless- 
ness and troublesome uneasiness of the nerves 
and muscles; with increased sensibility, and in- 
ability of fixing the attention, accompanied with 
a perpetual desire of changing the position. See 
Agacement des Nerfs. 
FIDICINALES, Lumbricales manus. 
FIEL, Bile. 
FIELDWEED, Anthemis cotula, Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 
FIEVRE, Fever-f. d'Accts, Intermittent 
fever-f. Adynamique, Typhus-f. Algide, see 
Algidus - f. d'Amour, Fever, erotic - f. Angeio- 
ttnique, Synocha-f. Annuelle, see Annual Dis- 
eases -f. Ardent, Ardent fever, Synocha - f. 
Ataxique, Typhus - f. de la Barbade, Fever, 
yellow-f. Bulleuse, Pemphigus-f. des Camps, 
Typhus gravior-f. Catarrhale, Catarrh -f. Ca- 
tarrhale epidtmique, Influenza--f. C&rebrale, Ce- 
rebral fever-f. Ctrfbrale des Enfans, Hydroce- 
phalus internus --f. Choltrique, Choleric fever- 
f. de Consomption, see Consumption - f. Conti- 
nents inflammatoire, Synocha - f. Delirante, 
Fever, delirious-f. Double, Fever, double-f. 
Doublte, Fever, double-f. Enttro-mesenttrique, 
Typhoid fever-f.Etique, Hectic fever-/. Gastro- 
adynamique, Fever, yellow-/. Gastro-h&pa- 
tique, Fever, yellow-/. Hectique, Hectic fever 
-•/. de Hongrip, Fever, Hungaric-f. d'Hflpital, 
Typhus gravior-/. Icttrique, Fever, yellow- 
/. Inflammatoire, Synocha-/. Intermittente, In- 
termittent fever-f. Intermittente paludtenne, see 
Elodes-f. Irritative, Synocha--f. Jaune d'Amt- 
rique, Fever, yellow-f. Lactee, Fever, milk-/. 
de Lait, Fever, milk--f. Laiteuse, Fever, milk - 
/. Larvte, Fever, masked-/. Lenticulaire, Ty- 
phus gravior-/. du Levant, Plague-/. des Ma- 
rais- Intermittent Fever-/. Matelote, Fever, 
yellow--/. Meningo-gastrique, Fever, gastric-f. 
Misenttrique, see Typhus - /. de la Moisson, 
Fever, gastric-/. Morbilleuse, Rubeola-/. Ner- 
veuse, Typhus mitior - /. Nosocomiale, Typhus 
gravior-/. Ortife, Urticaria-/. Oscitante, Osci- 
tant fever-/. Paludtenne, see Elodes-f. Ptrio- 
dique, Intermittent fever-/. Ptripneumonique, 
Pneumonia-/. Pernicieuse delirante, see Delirious 
-f. Pleurttique, Pleurisy--f. des Prisons, Typhus 
gravior-f. Pneumonique, Pneumonia-/. Pour- 
pree, Scarlatina-/. Puerptrale, Fever, puerpe- 
ral. see Peritonitis-f. Quarte, Quartan-/. Quo- 
tidienne, Quotidian-/. Remittents, Remittent 
fever-/. Rhumatismale, Rheumatism, acute - 
/. Rouge, Roseolas, Scarlatina-/. Sanguine, Sy- 
nocha -/. Semitieree, Hemitritaea - /. de Siam, 
Fever, yellow-f. Suante, Sudor Picardicus-/. 
Syncopale, see Fever syncopal, and Syncopal-/. 
Tierce, Tertian fever,/. Typho'ide, see Typhus - 
/. Vtsiculaire, Pemphigus. 
FIEVREUX, Feverish. 
FIG, INDIAN, Cactus opuntia. 
FTGUE, see Ficus carica. 
FIGUIER, Ficus carica-/. d'Inde, Cactus 
opuntia. 
FIGURA VENOSA, Circulus venosus. 
FIGURATIO, Imagination. 
FIG UR E, Countenance. 
FIGURE, (F.) An epithet for a compressive 
bandage, applied over the head after bleeding 
from the frontal vein. It has also been called 
bandage royal. 
FIGWORT, Scrophularia nodosa - f. Water, 
greater, Scrophularia aquatica. 
FILACEOUS, Filamentous. 
FILA NERVEA, Nerve-fibres. 
FIL'AMENT, Filum, Filamen'tum, from filum, 
379 
FIOLE 
'a thread.' This word is used synonymously 
with fibril; thus, we say, a nervous or cellular 
filament or fibril. Also, the glairy, thread-like 
substance, which forms in the urine in some dis- 
eases, and which depends on a particular secre- 
tion from the mucous membrane of the urinary 
passages. 
FILAMEN'TOUS, Filament o'bus. Filaceous; 
threadlike; filiform. Containing threadlike sub- 
stances, as the tunica filamentosa or decidua: 
-Filamentous urine; urine containing thread- 
like substances. 
FILAMENTUM, Frmnum. 
FILARIA GUINEENSIS, Dracunculus - £ 
Hominis bronchialis, see Worms-f. Medinensis, 
Dracunculus-f. Oculi, see Worms. 
FILBERT, Corylus avellana. 
FILELLUM, Fraenum. 
FILET (DE LA LANGUE,) Fraenum-f. de 
la Verge, Fraenum penis - f. Operation du, see 
Fraenum. 
FILETUM, Fraenum linguae. 
FILICULA, Polypodium filix mas-f. Dulcis, 
Polypodium vulgare. 
FIL'IFORM, Filiform'is, fromfilum, 'a thread,* 
and forma, 'form having the shape of a thread; 
as the filiform papilla of the tongue. See Pa- 
pillae. 
FILING, Limatio. 
FILIPENDULA, Spiraea filipendula. 
FILIUS ANTE PATREM, Tussilago. 
FILIX FCEMINEA, Pteris aquilina -f. Flo- 
rida, Osmunda regalis-f. Mas, Polypodium filix 
mas - f. Non ramosa dentata. Polypodium filix 
mas - Nymphaea, Pteris aquilina - f. Pinnata, 
Polypodium filix mas-f. Veneris, Adiantum pe. 
datum. 
FILLE, Girl. 
FILLET, Fascia, Laqueus. 
FILTRA'TION, Filtra'tio, Percola'tio, E'thi- 
sis, Ethis'mus. A pharmaceutical operation, 
which consists in passing a fluid through a filter 
or strainer, for the purpose of clarifying it. In 
ancient physiology, it meant the action by which 
the different humours of the body are separated 
from the mass of the blood. 
FILTRUM. A filter. Any porous material; 
such as sand, some kinds of freestone, powdered 
charcoal, pounded glass, flannel, unsized paper, 
&c., through which a fluid is passed for the purpose 
of separating it from the matters suspended in it. 
FILUM, Filament - f. Musculare, Muscular 
fibre-f. Taeniaforme, Taeniola. 
Filum Termina'le. A slender ligament, pro- 
longed from the nervous sheath, formed by the 
spinal pia mater, which descends through the 
centre of the cauda equina, and is attached to 
the dura mater, lining the canal of the coccyx. 
FIM'BRIA, Parar'ma. A band ; a fringe ; as 
the fimbria or fimbriated extremity of the Fallo- 
pian tube. 
FIMBRIJE CARN0SA5 COLI, Epiploic ap- 
pendages- f. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, Fal- 
lopian. 
FIMUS, Eor'borus, On thus, Stercus. Dung: 
excrement. 
Fimus seu Stercus An'seris, Goose-dung, was 
applied as a poultice to the feet in malignant 
fever. See Chenocoprus. 
Fimus Equi'nus, Stercus equi non castra'ti. 
Stone horse-dung, was once thought anti-pleuritic. 
Fimus Cow-dung, was employed as a 
cataplasm, especially in gout. 
FINCKLE, Anethum. 
FINGER, Digitus-f. Ring, Annular finger-w 
f. Stall, Digitale. 
FINIS A SPERAS ARTERLE, Larynx. 
FIOLE, Phiala. FIR 
FIR, MOSS, UPRIGHT, Lycopodium selago 
-f. Scotch, Pinus sylvestris- f. Spruce, Nor- 
way, Pinus abies - f. Tree, silver, European, 
Pinus picea-f. Yew-leaved, Pinus abies. 
FIREDAMP, Hydrogen, carburetted-f. Per- 
sian, Anthracion-f. St. Anthony's, Erysipelas- 
f. Weed, Erechthites hieracifolia, Senecio. 
FIRING, Cauterization. 
FISHSKIN, Ichthyosis. 
FISH-TONGUE. An instrument - so called 
from its shape-used by some dentists for the re- 
moval of the dentes sapientise. 
FISSICULA'TIO, from fissiculare, 'to cut off,' 
' open,' ' make incisions.' An old word for an 
opening made with a scalpel. 
FISSIPARITE, see Generation. 
FISSIPAROUS, see Generation. 
FISSURA, Fissure-f. Capillorum, Distrix-f. 
Contrajacens, Contra-fissura-f. Cerebri longitu- 
dinals, Fissure, longitudinal, of the Brain - f. 
Magna vulvse, see Rima - f. Pilaris, Trichismus. 
Fissu'ra Longitudina'lis, Ante'rior et Pos- 
te'rior. Two vertical fissures in the median 
line, in front of, and behind, the medulla oblon- 
gata, which divide it superficially into two sym- 
metrical lateral columns. 
Fissura Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fis- 
sure, transverse, of the Brain. 
FISSURE, Fissu'ra, Sehisma, Scissu'ra, Rhege, 
Rhegma, Rhegmus, from findere, ' to cleave;' a 
long and narrow cleft or opening in a bone - 
Rhage, payrj, Ceasma, Keaapa. (F.) Fissure, Fente. 
Fissure has various acceptations. 1. A frac- 
ture, Catag'ma fissu'ra, in which the bone is 
cracked, not separated, as in fracture. 2. A nar- 
row, long, and superficial solution of continuity, 
around the external openings of the mucous 
membranes. A sort of chap, observed on the 
hands, particularly on the callous hands, of 
workmen, in certain mechanical employments. 
3. Small, chapped ulcerations, sometimes noticed 
in young children, owing to the contact of the 
faeces and urine with the fine delicate skin of the 
thighs, nates, and genital organs. 4. Clefts of a 
more or less deep nature, occurring on the ge- 
nital organs in the vicinity of the anus, in those 
labouring under syphilis. These are usually 
called rhagades. See Monster. 
Fissure of Bichat, Fissure, transverse, of 
the Brain-f. Capillary, see Pilatio. 
Fissure, Central. The aggregate of the ca- 
vities or ventricles of the brain. Meckel consi- 
ders this but one cavity in the form of a cross. 
Fissure of Glaser, Fissure, glenoid - f. of 
Glaserius, F. Glenoid. 
Fissure, Glenoid, Fissure of Glaser or Glase'- 
rius, (F.) Fissure ou Scissure de Glaser, Fente 
glendidale ou Ftlure de Glaser, divides the gle- 
noid cavity of the temporal bone into two parts, 
and gives passage to the chorda tympani, &c. 
Fissure of the Helix. A small vertical fis- 
sure of the helix of the ear, a little above the 
tubercle for the attachment of the attrahens aurem 
muscle. 
Fissure, Infraorbitar, Suborbitar fissure. 
Fissure, Longitudinal, of the Brain, Fis- 
su'ra cer'ebri longitudina'lis. The space which 
separates the two hemispheres of the brain. 
Fissure, Orbitar, see Orbitar fissure-f. Or- 
hitar, inferior, Spheno-maxillary fissure - f. Or- 
bitar, superior, Sphenoidal Fissure. 
Fissure of Rolan'do. A transverse fissure 
placed between two superior cerebral convolu- 
tions, which are met with above the fissure of 
Sylvius. 
Fissure, Semtlu'nar. A notch at the ante- 
rior edge of the cerebellum, where it receives 
380 
FISTULA 
fibres which connect it to the cerebellum and 
mesocephalon. 
Fissure of Syl'vius, Fissu'ra vel Fossa Mag- 
na Syl'vii. A deep, narrow sulcus, which ascends 
obliquely backwards from the temporal ala of the 
sphenoid bone, near to the middle of the parietal 
bone, and which parts the anterior and middle 
lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 
Fissure of Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth. 
Fissure of the Tragus. A fissure on the an- 
terior surface of the tragus of the ear. 
Fissure, Transverse of the Brain, Great 
transverse fissure, Fissure of Bichat, Fissu'ra seu 
Rima transver'sa magna cer'ebri. A fissure, 
which passes beneath and behind the edge of the 
middle lobe of the brain, and extends beneath 
the hemisphere of one side to the same point of 
the opposite side. 
FIST, A. S. Fyyt, irvynn, PyrJm?> Pugnus, (E.) 
Poing. The clenched hand. 
FIS'TULA, Syrinx, Syrin'ga, Aulos-when of 
a small size, Aulis'cos. A solution of continuity, 
of greater or less depth and sinuosity; the open- 
ing of which is narrow, and the disease kept up 
by an altered texture of parts, so that it is not 
disposed to heal. A fistula is incomplete or blind, 
when it has but one opening; and complete when 
there are two, the one communicating with an 
internal cavity, the other externally. It is lined, 
in its whole course, by a membrane, which seems 
analogous to mucous membranes. Incomplete 
fistula may be internal or external. The former 
are those which open internally ; the latter those 
which open externally. External incomplete fis- 
tula are kept up by caries or necrosis of bones, 
by extraneous bodies in any of the living tex- 
tures, or by purulent cavities, the walls of which 
have not become united. Internal incomplete fis- 
tula generally soon become complete, since the 
discharge that escapes from them into the cavi- 
ties into which they open, has a constant ten- 
dency to make its way outwardly, and soon oc- 
casions ulceration of the integuments. Fis tula) 
have received different names, according to the 
discharge which they afford, and the organs in 
which they are seated, - as lachrymal, biliary, 
salivary, synovial, urinary - Fis'tula uri'na, 
Urias. The great object of treatment, in fistu- 
lous sores, is to bring on an altered condition of 
the parietes of the canal, by astringent or stimu- 
lating injections, caustics, the knife, pressure, Ac. 
Those which are dependent on diseased bone, 
cartilage, tendon, Ac., do not heal until after the 
exfoliation of the diseased part. Fistulas of ex- 
cretory ducts are produced either by an injury 
of the duct itself or by the retention and accu- 
mulation of the fluids to which they have to give 
passage. Thus, Fis'tulu lachryma'lis, Dacryo- 
syr'inx, Emphrag'ma lachryma'le, Hgdrops sacci 
lachryma'lis, Dropsy of the lachrymal sac, com- 
monly proceeds from the obliteration of the nasal 
ducts, or from atony of the lachrymal sac; which 
circumstances prevent the tears from passing into 
the nostrils. 
Fistula in Ano, Archosyr'inx, generally occurs 
from some mechanical pressure or impediment. 
The principal indication in the treatment of these 
fistulas of the excretory canals being to put a stop 
to the constant discharge of the secretions, <fcc., 
through the preternatural channel, the fistulous 
passage is at times laid open, and a communica- 
tion established with the natural excretory canal; 
at others, strong pressure is employed to procure 
its obliteration. 
Fistula Belliniana, Uriniferous tube-f. Ci- 
balis, (Esophagus-f. Cruris, Fibula-f. Dura) 
matris, Sinus of the dura mater-f. Lachrymalis, 
see Fistula-f. Nervorum, Neurilemma-f. Sacra, FISTULES STERCORAIRES 
Medulla spinalis, Vertebral column-f. Spiritalis, 
Trachea-f. Urinaria, Urethra-f. Ureterum re- 
num, see Calix-f. Urinaj, see Fistula-f. Ventri- 
culi, (Esophagus. 
FISTULES STERCORAIRES,, see Sterco- 
raceous. 
FIS'TULOUS, Fistulo'sus, Syring''icus, Syrin- 
go'des. Relating to, or resembling, a fistula; as 
'a. fistulous opening.' 
FIT-ROOT, Monotropa uniflora.. 
FITS, NINE DAY, Trismus nascentium. 
FIVE FINGERS, Panax quinquefolium. 
FIXATIO MONONCEA, Melancholy. 
FIXED, Fixus, from figere, ' to fasten.' A 
body not capable of being volatilized by fire is 
said to be fixed. Thus, we say fixed oils, in con- 
tradistinction to volatile oils. 
FIXEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
spring is four leagues from Waldsassen, in Bava- 
ria. It contains carbonic acid, holding in solu- 
tion carbonates of lime and magnesia, chlorides 
of lime and magnesia, carbonate of soda and 
silica. In Bavaria, it replaces the Seltzer water. 
FIXI DENTES. The teeth of the second den- 
tition. 
FLABELLA'TION, Flabella'tio, from fiabel- 
lare, to agitate the air. An operation recom- 
mended by Ambrose Pare, which consists in 
keeping fractured limbs cool, as well as the 
dressings surrounding them, by the renewal of 
the air around them, either by the use of a fan, 
or the repeated change of position of the parts 
affected. 
FLABELLUM ET VENTILABRUM COR- 
DIS, Pultno. 
FLACCID'ITY, Flaccid'itas, from flaccidus, 
' flabby,' ' soft.' Softness of a part, so as to offer 
little resistance on pressure. 
FLAG, BLUE, Iris versicolor-f. Dwarf, Iris 
lacustris - f. Myrtle, Acorus calamus - f. Root, 
Acorus calamus. 
FLAGELLATIO, Mastigosis. 
FLAMBE, Iris Germanica-f. Bdtard, Iris 
pseudacorus. 
FLAMBOISE, Ignis sylvaticus. 
FLAME, VITAL, Vital principle. 
FLAMMA, Fleam-f. Cordis, Biolychnium-f. 
Vitalis, Biolychnium. 
FLAMME, Fleam-f. Vitale, Vital principle. 
FLAMMETTE, Fleam. 
FLAMMON, Lachesis rhombeata. 
FLAMMULA, Fleam, Ranunculus ficaria- f. 
Cordis, Biolychnium - f. Jovis, Clematis recta - 
f. Vitalis, Animal heat, Biolychnium, Vital prin- 
ciple. 
FLANCKS, Flanks. 
FLANKS, Il'ia, Tl'ea, La'gones, Lap'ara, Ce- 
neo'nes, (F.) Flancs, Les Lies. The regions of the 
body which extend, on the sides, from the infe- 
rior margin of the chest to the crista UH. 
FLAP, (F.) Lambeau. A portion of the soft 
parts of the body separated from those beneath, 
but still attached by the base. Hence there may 
be 'fiap wounds,' (F.) Plaies d lambeaux, and 
'flap operations,' (F.) Operations d lambeaux. 
Flap Operation of Amputation, Amputation 
d lambeaux. 
FLAT TOP, Vernonia Neveboracensis. 
FLATUARIUS, Alchymist. 
FLAT'ULENCE, Flatulen'tia, Flatus, Flatu- 
os'itas, Aerifiux'us, Pneumato'sis ventric'uli ct 
Pn. enter'ica, Pneumatosis, Bdes'ma, Hyper- 
pneus'tia, Clydon, Physa, Polyphy'sia, Limo'sis 
Fla'tus, Ereux'is, Bombus, Flatuos'ity, Wind, 
Wind'iness, Ventos'ity, Vapour, (F.) Ventositl, 
Flatuosite. Emission of wind by the mouth or 
anus, or accumulation of wind in the digestive 
tube. 
381 
FLEXOR 
FLATULENT, Windy. 
FLATULENTIA, Flatulence. 
FLA TUOSITE, Flatulence. 
FLATUOSITY, Flatulence. 
FLATUS, Crepitation, Flatulence-f. Furiosus, 
Ambulo-flatulentus-f. Spinte, Spina ventosa. 
FLAVEDO CORTICUM CITRI, see Citrus 
medica. 
FLAVOUR, from (F.)/airer, 'to smell.' The 
quality of a sapid body, which is appreciated by 
the taste and smell combined, and more espe- 
cially by the latter. Some physiologists consider 
that flavour is effected through the smell alone. 
FLAVUS, Yellow. 
FLAX, COMMON, Linum usitatissimum - f. 
Purging, Linum catharticum-f. Seed, see Linum 
usitatissimum-f. Seed tea, Infusum lini compo- 
situm-f. Toad, Antirhinum linaria. 
FLEA, COMMON, Pulex irritans. 
FLEABANE, GREAT, Conyza squarrosa - f. 
Various-leaved, Erigeron heterophyllum-f. Bane, 
Canada, Erigeron Canadense - f. Philadelphia, 
Erigeron Philadelphicum-f. Skevish, Erigeron 
Philadelphicum. 
FLEAM, Flamma, Flam'mula, Schaste'rion, 
Fosso'rium, Phlebot'omum. A surgical instru- 
ment used for the operation of phlebotomy. (F.) 
Flamme, Flammette. It consists of a small me- 
tallic box, containing a spear-pointed cutting in- 
strument, which, by means of a spring, can be 
forced into the vein. It is much used in Ger- 
many and some other European countries, and is 
not unfrequently employed in America; but is 
scarcely ever seen in France or Great Britain. 
FLEA WORT, Plantago psyllium. 
FLECHISSEUIi, Flexor-f. Court commun 
des orteils, Flexor brevis digitorum pedis - f. 
Court du petit doigt, Flexor parvus minimi digiti 
-f. Court du petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi di- 
giti pedis-f. Profond des doigts, Flexor profun- 
dus perforans-f. Sublime des doigts, Flexor sub- 
limis perforatus-f. Superficiel des doigts, Flexor 
sublimis perforatus-f. Court du gros orteil, Flexor 
brevis pollicis pedis--f. Grand commun des orteils, 
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
rans-f. Long commun des orteils, Flexor longus 
digitorum pedis profundus perforans-f. Long du 
gros orteil, Flexor longus pollicis pedis-/. Court 
du Pouce, Flexor brevis pollicis munfls. 
FLECTENS PAR LUMBORUM, Quadratus 
lumborum. 
FLEGMEN, Flemen. 
FLEMEN, Flegmen. A tumour about the 
ankles. Also, a chap on the feet and hands. 
FLERECIN, Gout. 
FLESH, Caro, Sarx, (F.) Chair. Every soft 
part of an animal is so named; but more parti- 
cularly the muscles, which are called muscular 
flesh. 
Flesh, Proud, Fungosity. 
FLETUS, Lachrymatio. 
FLEURS, Flowers, Menses-/. Planches, L«r- 
corrhoea-/. de Muscade, Mace-/. de Soufre, 
Sulphur sublimatum. 
FLEXIBILITY, Flexibil'itas, from fleciere, 
'to bend.' Capability of being bent. A physi- 
cal property of the tissues, which varies greatly 
according to the structure. The tendons exhibit 
this property in a marked manner. 
FLEXIO, Campsis, Flexion. 
FLEX'ION, Flex'io, Campe, from flectere, 'to 
bend.' The state of being bent. The action of 
a flexor muscle. 
FLEXOR. Same etymon. (F.) Flechisseur. 
A muscle, whose office it is to bend certain parts. 
Flexor Brevis Digito'rum Pedis Perfora'- 
tus, F. Subli'mis, Flexor brevis, Flexor digito'- 
rum brevis sive perforatus pedis, Perfora'tus seu FLEXOR 
flexor secun'di interno'dii digito'rum pedis, 
Calcanio - sous - phalangettien commun,- Calca- 
nio - sous -phalanginien commun,- (Ch.) (F.) 
Muscle court flichisseur commun des orteils. A 
muscle, placed at the middle of the sole of the 
foot. It is narrower and thicker behind than 
before, where it is divided into four portions. It 
arises from the posterior part of the inferior sur- 
face of the os calcis, and is inserted at the infe- 
ferior surface of the second phalanx of the last 
four toes. It bends the second phalanges of the 
toes on the first, and the first on the metatarsal 
bones; in this manner augmenting the concavity 
of the vault of the foot. 
Flexor Brevis Minimi Digiti, F. parvus mi- 
nimi digiti. 
Flexor Brevis Min'imi Dig"iti Pedis, Para'- 
thenar minor, (F.) Court fltchisseur du petit orteil, 
Tarso-sous-phalangien du petit orteil - (Ch.) A 
muscle, situate at the anterior and outer part of 
the sole of the foot. It arises from the posterior 
extremity of the fifth metatarsal bone, and is in- 
serted into the posterior part of the first phalanx 
of the little toe, which it bends. 
Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Manus, Flexor se- 
cun'di interno'dii, Thenar, Flexor primi et se- 
cun'di ossis pol'licis, (F.) Court flechisseur du 
pouce, Carpophalangien du pouce- (Ch.) Demi- 
interosseux du pouce. A muscle, situate at the 
outer part of the palm of the hand. It is di- 
vided into two portions by the tendon of the 
Flexor longus pollicis. It arises from the os 
magnum, the anterior annular ligament of the 
carpus and the third metacarpal bone; and is 
inserted into the superior part of the first pha- 
lanx of the thumb, and into the two ossa sesa- 
moidea at the articulation of the first phalanx 
with the first metacarpal bone. Its use is to bend 
the first phalanx of the thumb on the first meta- 
carpal bone, and the latter upon the trapezium. 
Flexor Brevis Pol'licis Pedis, Flexor brevis, 
Flexor hal'lucis vel brevis pol'licis, (F.) Tarso- 
phalangien du pouce, Court flichisseur du gros 
orteil, Tarso-sous-phalangettien du premier orteil 
- (Ch.) It is situate at the anterior and inner 
part of the sole of the foot; is thin and narrow 
behind, thick and divided into two portions be- 
fore. It arises from the inferior part of the os 
calcis and the last two cuneiform bones, and is 
inserted at the inferior part of the base of the 
first phalanx of the great toe, and into the two 
sesamoid bones of the corresponding metatarso- 
phalangian articulation. It bends the first pha- 
lank of the great toe on the first metacarpal bone. 
Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris magnus - 
f. Carpi ulnaris, see Cubital (muscles) - f. Hallu- 
cis, F. brevis pollicis pedis - f. Hallucis longus, 
F. longus pollicis pedis. 
Flexor Longus Digito'rum Pedis Profun'- 
dus Per'forans ; Per'forans seu Flexor profun'- 
dus, Perodactyle'us, Peronodactyl'ius, Perono- 
dactylioe'us, Peronedactyl' ius, Flexor digito'rum 
longus sive Perforans pedis, Perforans seu Flexor 
tertii internodii digito'rum pedis; (F.) Tibio-pha- 
langettien-(Ch.), Grand ou long flechisseur com- 
mun des orteils. A muscle, situate at the poste- 
rior and deep-seated part of the leg. It is broader 
at its middle than at its extremities, the inferior of 
which is divided into four portions. It arises 
from the posterior surface of the tibia, and its 
tendons are attached to the posterior part of the 
lower surface of the three phalanges of the last 
four toes. It bends the three phalanges on each 
other, and the toes on the metatarsus, and ex- 
tends the foot on the leg. 
The Accesso'rius Flexo'ris Longi Digito'rum 
Pedis, Caro quadra'ta Syl'vii, C. accesso'ria, 
Massa car'nea Jaco'bi Syl'vii, Planta'ris verus. 
382 
FLEXOR 
(F.) Accessoire du long fiAchisseur commun det 
orteila, Carree, is a small muscle of the sole of the 
foot, which passes obliquely from the os calcis 
to the outer edge of the flexor longus, whose force 
it augments, and corrects its obliquity. 
Flexor Longus Pol'licis Manus, Flexor lon- 
gus pollicis, Flexor tertii interno'dii, Flexor ter- 
tii internodii sive longis'simus pollicis; (F.) lla- 
dio-phalangettien du pouce,- (Ch.) Situate at 
the anterior and profound part of the forearm. 
It arises from the upper three quarters of the an- 
terior surface of the radius and interosseous liga- 
ment, and is inserted, by a tendon, into the an- 
terior surface of the last phalanx of the thumb. 
It bends the second phalanx of the thumb on the 
first; the first on the corresponding metacarpal 
bone, and this upon the radius. It can, also, 
bend the hand on the forearm. 
Flexor Longus Pollicis Pedis, Flexor Hal'- 
lucis vel Pollieis longus, (F.) Ptroneo-phalangien 
du gros orteil, Long fiechisseur du groa orteil, P6- 
ronto-sous-Phalangettien du pouce,-(Ch.) It is 
situate at the posterior and profound part of the 
leg. It arises from the posterior surface of the 
fibula and the interosseous ligament, and is in- 
serted, by means of a long tendon, into the infe- 
rior part of the first phalanx of the great toe. It 
bends the third phalanx on the first, and this 
upon the corresponding metatarsal bone. It aug- 
ments the concavity of the sole of the foot, and 
extends the foot on the leg. 
Flexor Parvus Min'imi Dig"iti, Abduc'tor 
minimi digiti, Hypoth'enar Riola'ni, Flexor bre- 
vis minimi digiti mantis, Hypoth'enar minimi di- 
giti, (F.) Carpo-phalangien du petit doigt-(Ch.), 
Court fitchisseur du petit doigt. It arises from 
the anterior annular ligament of the carpus and 
the process of the os unciforme, and is inserted at 
the inner side of the superior extremity of the 
first phalanx of the little finger. It bends the 
first phalanx of the little finger. 
Flexor Perforans, F. profundus perforans- 
f. Perforatus, F. sublimis perforatus-f. Primi 
internodii, Opponens pollicis-f. Primi internodii 
digitorum manus, Lumbricalis manus-f. Primi 
et secundi ossis pollicis, F. brevis pollicis manus. 
Flexor Profun'dus Per'forans, F. Profun- 
dus, F. Perforans, F. Per'forans vulgo profun- 
dus, Flexor ter'tii interno'dii digito' rum mantis 
vel Per'forans mantis; (F.) Cubito-phalangettien 
commun - (Ch.,) Fiechisseur profond des doigts. 
A thick, flat, long muscle, seated beneath the 
Flexor aublimia perforatus. Its upper extremity 
is simple, and arises from the anterior surface of 
the ulna and from the interosseus ligament. Its 
inferior extremity terminates by four tendons, 
which, after having passed through the slits in 
the sublimis, are inserted into the anterior sur- 
face of the last phalanges of the four fingers. It 
bends the third phalanges on the second, and, in 
other respects, has the same use as the flexor 
sublimis perforatus. 
Flexor Secundi Internodii Digitorum Pedis, 
F. brevis digitorum pedis-f. Tertii internodii, F. 
longus pollicis mantis-f. Tertii internodii digito- 
rum mantis, F. profundus perfort ns-f. Tertii in- 
ternodii digitorum pedis, F. 1c ngus digitorum 
pedis profundus perforans - f. Ossis metacarpi 
pollicis, Opponens pollicis - f. Perforatus pedis, 
F. brevis digitorum pedis-f. Sublimis, F. brevis 
digitorum pedis. 
Flexor Subli'mis Perfora'tus, F. Perfora'- 
tus, (F.) Fiechisseur sublime ou superficial det 
doigts, Epitroklo-phalanginien commun, - (Ch.) 
It is a thick, flat, muscle, seated at the anterior 
part of the forearm. Its upper extremity, which 
is simple, arises from the internal condyle of the 
os humeri; - from the coroneid process of the FLIXWEED 
ulna, and from the anterior edge of the radius. 
Its lower extremity divides into four tendons, 
which slide under the anterior annular ligament 
of the carpus, and are inserted into the second 
phalanges of the last four fingers, after having 
been slit to allow the tendons of the flexor pro- 
fundus to pass through them. This muscle bends 
the second phalanges on the first; these on the 
carpal bones, and the hand on the forearm. 
FLEXURA, Curvature-f. Sigmoidea, Sigmoid 
flexure. 
FLIXWEED, Sisymbrium sophia. 
FLOCCI, see Villous membranes. 
FLOCCILATION, Carphologia. 
FLOCCILEGIUM, Carphologia. 
FLOCCITATION, Carphologia. 
FLOCCORUM VENATIO, Carphologia. 
FLOCCULI, see Villous membranes. 
FLOC'CULUS; diminutive of floccus, 'a lock 
»f wool'-Pneumogat'tric lob'ule, Lob'ulus pneu- 
mogas'tricus. A long and slender prominence, 
extending from the side of the vallecula around 
the corpus restiforme to the crus cerebelli, lying 
behind the filaments of the pneumogastric nerves. 
FLOR DE MISTEL A, see Mistura. 
FLORENCE, CLIMATE OF. This agreeable 
Italian city is by no means a favourable residence 
for the phthisical invalid. Sir James Clark af- 
firms, indeed, that he does not know any class 
of invalids for whom Florence offers a favourable 
residence. It is subject to sudden vicissitudes 
of temperature, and to cold, piercing winds du- 
ring the winter and spring. 
FLORES BENZOES, Benjamin, flowers of- 
f. Boracis, Boracic acid-f. Macidos, see Myristica 
moschata-f. Macis, Mace-f. Martiales, Ferrum 
ammoniatum-f. Salis ammoniaci martiales, Fer- 
rum ammoniatum. 
FLORIDA, CLIMATE OF, see Saint Augus- 
tine. 
Florida, Waters of. Near Long Lake, in 
Florida, United States, which communicates with 
St. John's River by a small creek, there is a vast 
fountain of hot mineral water, issuing from a 
bank of the river. From its odour it would seem 
to be sulphureous. 
FLORION, Influenza. 
FLOS, Anthos. A flower. Also, the finest and 
noblest part of a body, and virginity. 
Flos, Jovis, Crocus-f. Salis, Soda, subcarbo- 
nate of-f. Sanguineus monardi, Tropteolum 
majus - f. Trinitatis, Viola tricolor - f. Virgini- 
tatis, Hvmen. 
FLOUR, COLD, Pinoli. 
Flour, Patent, Jones's. A farinaceous pre- 
paration, which is said to consist of wheat-flour, 
with tartaric acid and carbonate of soda. 
Flour, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum. 
FLOWER DE LUCE, Iris Germanica. 
FLOWERS, Flores, (F.) Fleurs. The ancient 
chymists gave this name to different solid and 
volatile substances obtained by sublimation. The 
term is not yet entirely banished from chymical 
and medical language, as Flowers of Benjamin, 
Flowers of Sulphur, Ac. 
Flowers, Menses. 
Flowers, Four Carmin'ative, Quat'uor floret 
carminati'vi, were chamomile, dill, fever-few, and 
melilot. 
Flowers, Four Cordial, Quat'uor flores cor- 
dia'les, were formerly, borage, bugloss, roses, and 
violets. 
FLUCTUATIO, Fluctuation-f. Aurium, Tin- 
nitus aurium. 
FLUCTUA'TION, Fluctua'tio, from fluctus, 
'a wave;' Undula'tio, (F.) Ondulation. The un- 
dulation of a fluid collected in any natural or 
artificial cavity, which is felt by pressure or by 
383 
FLUSH 
percussion, properly practised-peripheric fluctu- 
ation. In ascites, the fluctuation is felt by one 
of the hands being applied to one side of the ab- 
domen, whilst the other side is struck with the 
other hand. In abscesses, fluctuation is perceived 
by pressing on the tumour, with one or two fingers 
alternately, on opposite points. 
Fluctuation Peripheric, see Fluctuation-f. 
Rhonchal, see Rhonchal- f. by Succussion, see 
Succussion. 
FLUELLEN, Antirhinum elatine. 
FLUELLIN, Veronica. 
FLUEUHS, Menses-f. Blanches, Leucor- 
rhcea. 
FLUID, Flu'idus, from fluere, 'to flow.' The 
human body is chiefly composed of fluids. If 
one, weighing 120 pounds, be thoroughly dried 
in an oven, the remains will be found not to 
weigh more than 12 or 13 pounds; so that the 
proportion of fluids to liquids in the body is 
about 9 or 10 to 1. 
Table of Fluids of the Human Body. 
1. Blood. 
2. Lymph. 
Transpiration of the mucous, 
serous, and synovial mem- 
branes; of the areolar mem- 
brane ; of the adipous cells; 
of the medullary membrane; 
of the interior of the thyroid 
gland; ofthe thymus; supra- 
renal capsules ; eye; ear; 
vertebral canal, &c. 
3. Exhaled or 
Perspiratory. 
Sebaceous humour of the skin; 
cerumen; gum of the eye; 
mucus of the mucous glands 
and follicles; that of1 the 
tonsils, of the glands of the 
cardia, the environs of the 
anus, the prostate, <fcc. 
4. Follicular. 
Tears; saliva; pancreatic fluid; 
bile; cutaneous transpiration; 
urine; fluid of the glands of 
Cowper; sperm ; milk ; of 
the testes and mammae of 
the new-born child. 
5. Glandular. 
Fluid, Cephalo-rachidian, Cephalo-spinal 
fluid-f. Cephalo-spinai, Cephalo-spinal fluid-f. 
Cerebro-spinal, Cephalo-spinal fluid-f. of Scar- 
pa, Vitrine auditive-f. Subarachnoidean, Cepha- 
lo-spinal fluid. z 
FLU IDE SEMINAL, Sperm. 
FLUID UM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid -f. 
Cerebro-spinale, Cephalo-spinal fluid. 
FLUKE, Distoma hepaticum-f. Liver, Disto- 
ma hepaticum. 
FLUMEN DYSENTERICUM, Dysentery. 
FLUMMERY, (Scotch) Sowens. A preparation 
of oatmeal, which forms a light article of food 
during convalescence. It may be made as fol- 
lows :-Take of oatmeal or groats, a quart. Rub 
with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture 
stand until it becomes sour; then add another 
quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. 
Let it stand till a white sediment is deposited; 
decant, and wash the sediment with cold water. 
Boil this with fresh water till it forms a mucilage, 
stirring the whole time. 
FLUOR, Flux-f. Albus Intestinorum, Cceliao 
flux-f. Albus malignus, Gonorrhoea impura-f. 
Muliebris, Leucorrhoea - f. Muliebris non Galli- 
cus, Leucorrhoea - f. Sanguinis pulmonum, He- 
moptysis-f. Sanguinis vesicas, Cystorrhagia. 
FLUSH, Flushing, (F.) Rougeurs; from (G.) 
Fliessen, 'to flow. The redness produced by 
accumulation of blood in the capillaries of the FLUX 
face; as the sudden 'flush' or 'Hush of emotion 
the ' flush of hectic.' 
FLUX, Fluxus, Proflu'vium, Fluor, from fluere, 
'to flow.' A discharge. Rhysis. In nosology, 
it comprises a series of affections, the principal 
symptom of which is the discharge of a fluid. 
Generally it is employed for dysentery. 
Flux, Bilious, Fluxus bilio'sus. A discharge 
of bile, either by vomiting or by stool, or by 
both, as in cholera. 
Flux, Bloody, Dysentery-f. de Bouche, Sa- 
livation-f. Bronchique, Bronchorrhoea-f. Dy- 
sentSrique, Dysentery-f. Hemorrhoidal, see II m- 
morrhois-f. Hepatique, Hepatirrhoea-f. Men- 
strual, Menses-f. Jluqueux, Catarrh-f.Hlu- 
queux de I'estomac, Gastrorrhoea-f. Jluqueux de 
la vessie, Cystirrhoea - f. Root, Asclepias tube- 
rosa-f. Salivaire, Salivation-f. de Sang, Hse- 
morrhagia, Dysentery-f. Sebaceous, Stearrhoea 
-f. de Sperme, Spermatorrhoea - f. de Sueur, 
Ephidrosis - f. Weed, Sysimbrium sophia-f. 
d' Urine, Diabetes-f. de Ventre, Diarrhoea. 
FLUXIO, Fluxion - f. Alba, Leucorrhoea- f. 
Arthritica, Gout-f. Vulvas, Leucorrhoea. 
FLUX'ION, Flux'io, Affluxus A flow of 
blood or other humour towards any organ with 
greater force than natural. A determination. 
Thus we say, in those disposed to apoplexy, 
there is a fluxion or determination of blood to 
the head. 
FLUXION CATARRHALE, Catarrh-/, sur 
les Dents, Odontalgia. 
FLUXION DE POITRINE, (F.) By this 
name, the French often understand acute pulmo- 
nary catarrh, or pleurisy, but most commonly 
peripneumony. 
FLUXUS, Discharge-f. Alvinus, Diarrhoea- 
f. Chylosus, Coeliac flux-f. Coeliacus, Coeliac flux 
- f. Coeliacus per Renes, Chyluria - f. Cruentus 
cum tenesmo, Dysentery - f. Dysentericus, Dy- 
sentery-f. Hepaticus, Hepatirrhoea, see Hepate- 
ros-f. Lientericus, Lientery-f. Lunaris, Menses 
-f. Matricis, Leucorrhoea-f. Menstrualis, Men- 
struation - f. Menstruus, Menses - f. Muliebris, 
Leucorrhoea-f. Salivae, Salivation-f. Splenicus, 
Melama - f. Venereus, Gonorrhoea impura - f. 
Ventriculi, Gastrorrhoea. 
FLYTRAP, Apocynum androsaemifolium. 
FOC"ILE. This name was formerly given to 
the bones of the leg, as well as to those of the 
forearm. 
Focile Majus, Tibia - f. Inferius seu majus, 
Ulna-f. Minus, Fibula-f. Minus seu superius, 
Radius. 
FfECUNDATIO, Fecundation. 
FfECUNDITAS, Fecundity. 
FfECUNDUS, Fecund. 
FCEDI COLORES, Chlorosis. 
FCEMEN, Perinaeum. 
FCEMINA, Female. 
FCEMINESCENTIA, Feminescence. 
FfENTCULUM, Anethum-f. Aquaticum, Phel- 
landrium aquaticum-f. Erraticum, Peucedanum 
silaus - f. Marinum, Crithmum maritimum - f. 
Officinale, Anethum - f. Porcinum, Peucedanum 
-f. Vulgare, Anethum. 
FffiNUGREEK, Trigonella feenum. 
FCENUM CAMELORUM, Juncus odoratus- 
f. Grsecum, Trigonella foenum. 
FCETAB'ULUM. An encysted abscess.-Mar- 
cus Aurelius Severinus. 
FffiTAL, Foeta'lis. Relating to the foetus. A 
name, given to the parts connected with the foetus. 
Thus we say - the foetal surface of the placenta, 
in contradistinction to the uterine or maternal 
surface. 
Fietal Circulation differs from that of the 
adult in several respects. Commencing with the 
384 
FCETUS 
placenta, where it probably undergoes some change 
analogous to what occurs in the lungs in extra- 
uterine existence, the blood proceeds by the um- 
bilical vein as far as the liver, where a part of it is 
poured into the vena porta; the other proceeds into 
the vena cava inferior; the latter, having received 
the suprahepatic veins, pours its blood into the 
right auricle. From the right auricle, a part of 
the blood is sent into the right ventricle ; the rest 
passes directly through into the left auricle, by 
the foramen ovale. When the right ventricle 
contracts, the blood is sent into the pulmonary 
artery; but as the function of respiration is not 
going on, no more blood passes to the lungs than 
is necessary for their nutrition; the remainder 
goes directly through the ductus arteriosus into 
the aorta. The blood, received by the left auricle 
from the lungs, as well as that which passed 
through the foramen ovale, is transmitted into 
the left ventricle; by the contraction of which it 
is sent into the aorta, and by means of the um- 
bilical arteries, which arise from the hypogastric, 
it is returned to the placenta. 
Fcetal Head. The diameters of this at the 
full period are as follows :-1. The Biparietal or 
transverse, extending from one parietal protube- 
rance to the other, and measuring 3| inches. 2. 
The Temporal, from one temple to another, 3 
inches. 3. The Occipito-mental, from the occiput 
to the chin ; the greatest of all, 5 inches. 4. The 
Occipito-frontal or antero-posterior, 4| or 4% 
inches. 5. The Cervico-bregmatic, from the nape 
of the neck to the centre of the anterior fonta- 
nelle. 6. The Fronto-mental, from the forehead 
to the chin, about 3J inches. 7. The Trachelo- 
bregmatic, from the front of the neck to the ante- 
rior fontanelle, 31 inches. 8. The Vertical dia- 
meter, from the vertex to the base of the cranium. 
Fcetal Nutrition, Cyotrophy. 
FCETATION, Pregnancy. 
FCE'TICIDE, Foeticid'ium, from foetvs, and 
ecedere, ' to kill;' Aborticid' ium. Criminal abor- 
tion. 
FtETIDUS, Fetid. 
FCETOR, Dysodia-f. Oris, Breath, offensive. 
FCETUS, Fetus, Cye'ma, Onus ventris, Sar'- 
cina, from feo, ' I bring forth.' The unborn 
child. By Kvqga, Cye'ma, Hippocrates meant the 
fecundated, but still imperfect, germ. It corre- 
sponded with the term embryo, as now used; 
whilst inlfyvov, ' embryo,' signified the foetus at a 
more advanced stage of utero-gestation. The 
majority of anatomists apply to the germ the 
name embryo, which it retains until the third 
month of gestation, and with some until the pe- 
riod of quickening; whilst foetus is applied to it 
in its latter stages. The terms are, however, 
often used indiscriminately. When the ovule 
has been fecundated in the ovarium, it proceeds 
slowly towards, and enters the uterus, with which 
it becomes ultimately connected by means of the 
placenta. When first seen, the foetus has the 
form of a gelatinous flake, which some have com- 
pared to an ant, a grain of barley, a worm curved 
upon itself, <tc. The foetal increment is very 
rapid in the first, third, fourth, and sixth months 
of its formation, and at the end of nine months 
it has attained its full dimensions-Enfant il 
terme. Generally, there is but one foetus in utero; 
sometimes, there are two; rarely three. The 
foetus presents considerable difference in its shape, 
weight, length, situation in the womb, propor- 
tion of its various parts to each other, arrange- 
ment and texture of its organs, state of its func- 
tions at different periods of gestation, &c. All 
these differences are important in an obstetrical 
and medico-legal point of view. The following FOIE 
bible exhibits the length and weight of the foetus 
at different periods of gestation, on the authority 
of different observers. Their discordance is stri- 
king. It is proper to remark, that the Paris 
385 
FONTANELLA 
pound - Paid de Marc-of 16 ounces, contains 
9216 Paris grains, whilst the avoirdupois contains 
only 8532.5 Paris grains, and that the Paris inch 
is 1.065977 English inch. 
Beck. 
Maygrier. 
Granville. 
Beck. 
Maygrier. 
Granville. 
Length. 
Weight. 
At 30 days, 
3 to 5 lines 
10 to 12 lines 
9 or 10 grains 
2 months, 
2 inches 
4 inches 
1 inch 
2 ounces 
5 drachms 
20 "rains 
3 
it 
3| " 
6 
44 
3 inches 
2 to 3 " 
2J ounces 
1£ ounces 
4 
it 
5 to 6 " 
8 
44 
4 to 5 " 
7 or 8 " 
5 
a 
7 to 9 " 
10 
44 
9 or 10 " 
16 " 
6 
<i 
9 to 12 " 
12 
44 
9 inches 
1 to 2 lbs. 
2 pounds 
1 pound 
7 
a 
12 to 14 " 
14 
44 
12 " 
2 to 3 " 
3 " 
2 to 4 " 
8 
u 
16 " 
16 
44 
17 " 
3 to 4 " 
4 " 
4 to 5 a 
Fcetus in Fcetu, Cryptodidymus. 
Fcetus Septimes'tris. A seven months'foetus. 
Fcetus Zephyrius, Mole. 
FOIE, Liver-f. d'Antimoine, Oxidum stibii 
Bulphuretum-/. de iSbu/re, Potass® sulphuretum. 
FOLIA APALACHINES, see Ilex Para- 
guensis-f. Peragute, Ilex Paraguensis. 
FOLIACEUM ORNAMENTUM, see Tuba 
Fallopiana. 
FOLIE, Insanity-f. des Ivrognes, Delirium 
tremens. 
FOLLETTE, Influenza. 
FOL'LICLE, Follic'uhts, Cystis, diminutive of 
Follis, a bag. See Crypta. 
Follicles, Ciliary, Meibomius, glands of- 
f. of De Graaf, Folliculi Graafiani-f. of Lieber- 
kuhn, see Intestine - f. Palpebral, Meibomius, 
glands of-f. Solitary, Brunner's glands-f. Syno- 
vial, Burs® mucosae. 
FOLLIC'ULAR, Follic'ulous, Follic'ulose, Fol- 
liculo'sus, from 'follicle.' Relating or appertaining 
to a follicle.-as 'follicular inflammation,' inflam- 
mation affecting crypts or follicles. 
FOLLIGULE, Crypta-f. Giliaire, Meibomius, 
gland of-/. Dentaire, Dental follicle-f. Palpe- 
bral, Meibomius, gland of. 
FOLLIGULES DE GRAAF, Folliculi Graaf- 
iani. 
FOLLIC'ULI GRAAFIA'NI, Ova seu O'vula 
Graafia'na, Follicles or Vesicles of De Graaf, 
Ova'rian ves'icles, (F.) Follicules ou Vesieuies 
de Graaf. Small spherical vesicles in the stroma 
of the ovary, which have two coats; the outer 
termed ovicapsule and tunic of the ovisac; the 
latter ovisac and membra'na propria; vesicule 
ovulifere of M. Pouchet. They exist in the foe- 
tus. The ovum-ovule of some-is contained in, 
and formed by, them. 
Folliculi Rotundi et Oblongi Cervicis 
Uteri, Nabotlii glandulae-f. Sanguinis, Globules 
of the blood-f. Sebacei, Sebaceous glands. 
FOLLICULOSE GLAND, Crypta. 
FOLLICULUS, Vulva. 
Follic'ulus A'eris, Air-chamber. A space at 
the larger end of the bird's egg, formed by a se- 
paration of the two layers of the shell membrane, 
which is inservient to the respiration of the young 
being. 
Folliculus Dentis, Dental Follicle-f. Fellis, 
Gall-bladder-f. Genitalis, Scrotum. 
FOMENT, Fove're, (F.) Etuver, liassiner. To 
apply a fomentation to a part. 
FOMENTA'TION, Fomenta'tio, Fotus, Py'ria, 
Thermas'ma, Chlias'ma, Perfu'sio, As- 
per'sio, Fomen'tum, (quasi fovimentum,) from fo- 
vere ' to bathe.' A sort of partial bathing, by the 
OR 
application of cloths which have been previously 
dipped in hot water, or in some medicated decoc- 
tion. They act, chiefly, by virtue of their warmth 
and moisture, except in the case of narcotic fomen- 
tations, where some additional effect is obtained. 
A dry fomentation is a warm, dry application 
to a part;-as a hot brick, wrapped in flannel;- 
a bag, half filled with chamomile flowers made 
hot, <fcc. 
Fomentation Herbs, Herbas pro fotu. The 
herbs, ordinarily sold under this title by the Eng- 
lish apothecary, are - southernwood, tops of sea 
wormwood, chamomile flowers, each two parts; bay 
leaves, one part, of these to Ovj of water. 
FOMENTUM, Fomentation. 
FOMES MORBI, Fames mali. The focus or 
seat of any disease. (F.) Foyer. 
Fomes Ventriculi, Hypochondriasis. 
FOM'ITES, from fomes, 'fuel, any thing which 
retains heat.' Enaus'ma, Zop'yron. A term ap- 
plied to substances which are supposed to retain 
contagious effluvia; as woollen goods, feathers, 
cotton, <fcc. 
FUNCTION, Function. 
FOND, Fundus. 
FONDANT, Solvent. 
FONGIFOBME, Fungoid. 
FONGOIDE, Fungoid. 
FONGOSITE, Fungosity. 
FONGUS, Fungus-f. Medullaire, Encepha- 
loid. 
EON'S, Fontanella-f. Lachrymarum, see Can- 
thus-f. Medicatus, Water, mineral-f. Pulsans, 
Fontanella-f. Pulsatilis, Fontanella-f. Saluta- 
rius, Water, mineral-f. Soterius, Water, mineral 
-f. Vitalis, Centrum vitale. 
F ON SAN GE, MINERAL 'WATERS OF. 
Fonsange is situated near Nismes in France. 
The water is sulphuretted. 
FONTA'NA, CANAL OF. A canal of a tri- 
angular shape, at the inner side of the ciliary 
circle; partly formed by the groove at the inner 
edges of the cornea and sclerotica. 
FONTANEL'LA. A fontanel; - diminutive 
of fons, ' a fountain.' Fans pulsat'ilis, Fans pul- 
sans, Vertex pal'pitans, Fons, Bregma, Fontic'u- 
lus, Lacu'na, Mould. The opening of the head. 
A name, given to a space occupied by a cartilagi- 
nous membrane, in the foetus and new-born child, 
and situate at the union of the angles of the bones 
of the cranium. There are six fontanels. 1. The 
great or sincip'ital or anterior, situate at the 
junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures. 
2. The small or bregmat'ic or posterior, situate at 
the part where the posterior and superior angles 
of the parietal bones unite with the upper part 
of the os occipitis. 3. The two sphenoidal, in the FONTES 
temporal fossae; and, 4. The two mastoid, or of 
Casserius, at the union of the parietal, occipital, 
and temporal bones. 
FONTES, see Fons - f. Mcdicati Plumbarii, 
Plombieres, mineral waters of-f. Sulphurei ca- 
lidi, Waters, mineral, sulphureous. 
FONTICULE A POIS, see Fonticulus. 
FONTIC'ULUS, Fontanel'la, Exuto'rium, Ex'- 
utory, Issue, (F.) Fonticule, Cautere. A small ul- 
cer produced by art, either by the aid of caustics 
or of cutting instruments; the discharge from 
which is kept up with a view to fulfil certain the- 
rapeutical indications. The Pea issue, (F.) Fon- 
ticule d pots, is kept up by means of a pea placed 
in it. This pea, (F.) Pois d cautere, is sometimes 
formed of wax; at others, the young, blasted 
fruit of the orange is employed. The common 
dried garden pea answers the purpose. The seton 
is also an issue. 
FOOD, Aliment-f. Farinaceous, see Farina- 
ceous-f. of the Gods, Asafoetida. 
Food, Prince of Wales's. A farinaceous pre- 
paration, which is used in the same cases as ar- 
row-root, is said to consist entirely of potato- 
flour. 
FOOL'S STONES, MALE, Orchis mascula. 
FOOT, Pes-f. Flat, see Kyllosis-f. Griffon's, 
Gryphius pes. 
FOOTLING CASE. A presentation of the foot 
or feet in parturition. 
FORA'MEN, Trema, from foro, 'I pierce.' 
Aulos, (F.) Trou. Any cavity, pierced through 
and through. Also, the orifice of a canal. 
Foramen Alveolare Anterius, see Palatine 
canals-f. Alveolare posterius, see Palatine canals 
- f. Ampluin pelvis, Obturatorium foramen - f. 
Aqureductus Fallopii, F. stylomastoideum-f. Au- 
ditorium externum, see Auditory canal, external 
- f. Auditorium internum, see Auditory canal, 
internal - f. of Bichat, see Canal, arachnoid - f. 
of Botal, see Botal foramen-f. Caecum ossis max- 
illaris superioris, see Palatine canals. 
Foramen Caecum of the Medul'la Oblon- 
gata or of Vicq. d'Azyr; (Fr.) Trou boryne. A 
tolerably deep fossa at the point where the me- 
dium furrow at the anterior surface of the me- 
dulla oblongata meets the pons. 
Foramen Caecum of the Tongue, see Caecum 
foramen, and Tongue - f. Carotid, see Carotica 
foramina. 
Fora'men Centra'le et Limbus Lu'teus Ret'- 
INA5. The central foramen and yellow spot of the 
retina ; discovered by Siimmering. Mac'ula lu'- 
tea, (F.) Tache jaune. It is situate about two 
lines to the outside of the optic nerve, and in the 
direction of the axis of the eye. 
Foramen Commune Anterius, Vulva-f. Com- 
mune posterius, see Anus-f. Condyloid, see Con- 
dyloid-f. Conjugationis, see Conjugation-f. Eth- 
moideum, Orbitar foramen, internal-f. Incisivum, 
see Palatine canal - f. Infraorbitarium, see Sub- 
orbitar canal - f. Infrapubianum, Obturatorium 
foramen-f. Jugulare, Lacerum posterius foramen 
-f. Lacerum in basi cranii, Lacerum posterius 
foramen - f. Lacerum inferius, Sphenomaxillary 
fissure-f. Lacerum superius, Sphenoidal fissure 
-f. Magnum, see Occipital bone-f. Mastoid, see 
Mastoid foramen-f. Mental, see Mental foramen. 
Foramen of Monro. An opening behind the 
anterior pillar of the fornix, somewhat above the 
anterior commissure, by which the third ventricle 
communicates with the lateral ventricle. 
Foramen of Morgagni, see Caecum foramen 
and Tongue-f. Obturatorium, Obturator foramen 
- f. Oculi, Pupil - f. Oodes, Ovale foramen - f. 
Orbitarium internum, Orbitar foramen, internal- 
f. Orbitarium superius, Orbitar foramen, superior, 
F. supraorbitarium-f. Ovale, Botal foramen, Fe- 
386 
FORENSIC ANATOMY 
nestra ovalis, Obturatorium foramen, Ovale fora- 
men-f. Palatinum anterius, see Palatine canals 
-f. Palatinum posterius, see Palatine canals-f. 
Palato-maxillare, see Palatine canals-f. Rotun- 
dum, Fenestra rotunda-f. Spheno-spinosum, Spi- 
nale foramen-f. Thyroideum, Obturatorium fora- 
men-f. of Winslow, Hiatus of Winslow. 
Foram'ina Thebe'sh. Openings resembling 
vascular orifices, found below the orifice of the 
vena cava superior in the right auricle, which are 
supposed to be the openings of veins. 
FORATIO, Trepanning. 
FORCE, from fortis, ' strong.' Vis, Poten'tia, 
Energi'a, Dy'namis, Cratos. Any power which 
produces an action. Those powers which are in- 
herent in organization are called vital forces. We 
say, also, organic force, and muscular force, to 
designate that of the organs in general, or of the 
muscles in particular. To the latter the word 
Dynamis, Swayis, corresponds ; and the absence of 
this force is termed adyna'mia. The vital forces 
have to be carefully studied by the pathologist. 
The doctrine of diseases is greatly dependent on 
their augmentation or diminution; freedom or 
oppression, <tc. 
Force of Assimilation, Plastic force-f. Cata- 
lytic, see Catalysis-f. of Formation, Plastic force 
-f. Germ, Plastic force - f. Metabolic, see Meta- 
bolic force-f. of Nutrition, Plastic force - f. of 
Vegetation, Plastic force-f. Vital, Vis vitalis-f. 
1 FORCE-REAL,' MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The name of a mountain, situate four leagues 
from Perpignan in France. The water is chaly- 
beate. 
FORCEPS, quasi, ferriceps, from ferrum, 'iron,' 
and capio, ' I take.' Pincers, Labis, Volsel'lce. 
An instrument for removing bodies, which it 
would be inconvenient or impracticable to seize 
with the fingers. (F.) Pinces, Pincettes. There 
are various kinds of forceps, 1. The ordinary 
kind, contained in every dressing-case, for re- 
moving lint, &c. from wounds or ulcers. (F.) Pin- 
ces d anneaux. 2. Dissecting or Lig'ature or Ar- 
te'rial Forceps, (F.) Pinces d dissection, P. d liga- 
ture, to lay hold of delicate parts. 3. Pol'ypus 
Forceps, Tooth Forceps, Forceps of Museux for 
laying hold of the tonsils or other parts to be re- 
moved. 4. The Bullet Forceps, StrombuV cue, 
(Fr.) Tireballe. 5. The Lithot'omy Forceps, 
Lithol'abon, Lithogo'gum, Tenac'ula, Volsel'la, 
which resembles the Craniotomy Forceps, (F.) 
Tenettes. 
Forceps is also an instrument used by obstetri- 
cal practitioners to embrace the head, and bring 
it through the pelvis.. It consists of two branches, 
blades or levers ; one of which, in the case of the 
short forceps, is passed over the ear of the child, 
and the other opposite to the former, so that the 
blades may lock. When the head is secure! in- 
cluded between the blades, the operation of ex- 
traction can be commenced. See Parturition. 
Forceps, see Corpus callosum-f. Anterior, see 
Corpus callosum - f. Arterial, see Forceps - f. 
Bullet, see Forceps-f. Craniotomy, see Forceps 
-f. Deceptoria, see Forceps - f. Lithotomy, see 
Forceps-f. of Museux, see Forceps-f. Polypus, 
see Forceps-f. Tooth, see Forceps. 
FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREHOUND, see 
Balsam of horehound. 
FOREARM, Antjfcra'cAitmi, Pygme, Pars infe'- 
rior bra'chii, Cu'bitus, (F.) Avant-bras. The part 
of the upper extremity, comprised between the 
arm and the hand. It is composed of two bones 
-radius and ulna-and 20 muscles. 
FOREHEAD, Front. 
FORENSIC ANATOMY, see Anatomy -£ 
Medicine, Medicine, legal. FORES 
FORES, Genital organs. 
FORESKIN, Prepuce. 
FORFEX, Scissors-f. Dentaria, Dentagra. 
FORFIC'ULA AURICULA'RIA, Earwig. An 
insect of the Order Orthoptera, which occasion- 
ally enters the meatus auditorius externus, and 
excites intense pain. It may be destroyed by 
tobacco-smoke, or bv oil poured into the meatus. 
FORGES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Forges 
is situate four leagues from Gournay, in the de- 
partment of Seine Inferieure, France. There 
are three springs, which are acidulous chaly- 
heates. These are called Royal, Reinette, and Car- 
dinal, in honor of Louis XIII., Queen Anne of 
Austria, and Cardinal Richelieu, who used them. 
FORMATIVE, Plastic. 
FORMI'CA, Myrmex. The ant or pismire. 
(F.) Fourmi. It contains an acid juice and gross 
oil, which were formerly extolled as aphrodi- 
siacs. The chrysalides of the animal are said to be 
diuretic and carminative; and have been used in 
dropsy. 2. Also the name of a black wart, ver- 
ru'ca formica'ria, with a broad base and cleft 
surface; so called because the pain attending it 
resembles the biting of an ant, yvppnsia, myrme'- 
eia.- Forestus. 3. A varicose tumour on the 
anus and glans penis. 4. Also, miliary herpes. 
Formica Ambulatoria, Herpes circinatus - 
f. Corrosive, Herpes exedens. 
FORM'ICANT, Myrme'cizon, Formi'cans, from 
formica, 'an ant.' (F.) Fourmillant. An epi- 
thet given to the pulse, Pulsus formi'cans, when 
extremely small, scarcely perceptible, unequal, 
and communicating a sensation like that of the 
motion of an ant through a thin texture. 
FORMICA'TION, Formica'tio, Myrmecias'- 
mus, Myrmeci' asis, Myrmeds'mus, Myrmeco'sis, 
Stupor formi'cans. Same etymon. (F.) Four- 
millement. A pain, compared with that which 
would be caused by a number of ants creeping on 
a part. 
FORMIX, Herpes esthiomenus. 
FOR'MULA, from/orma, 'a form.' (F.) For- 
mule, Ordonnance. The receipt for the formation 
of a compound medicine; a prescription. 
FORM'ULARY, Formula'rium, Codex medica- 
menta' rius, Narthe'cia, Narthe'cium, Narthex. A 
collection of medical formulae or receipts. 
FORMULE, Prescription. 
FORMYL, PERCHLORIDE OF. Chloro- 
form. 
FORNIX, ' an arch or vault.' For'nix cer'ebri, 
Cam'era, Fornix trilat'erus, Psalis, Psalid'ium, 
Testu'do cer'ebri, Arcus medulla'ris, (F.) Trigone 
drebral- (Ch.,) Vodte d trois piliers, Triangle 
Medullaire. A medullary body in the brain, 
below the corpus callosum and above the middle 
ventricle, on the median line. This body, which 
is curbed upon itself, terminates anteriorly by a 
prolongation, which constitutes its anterior pillar 
or crus, (F.) Pilier antirieur, and posteriorly by 
two similar prolongations, called posterior pillars 
or crura. See Achicolum, and Vault. 
Fornix Cerebri, Fornix. 
FORPEX, Scissors. 
FORTIFIANT, Corroborant, Tonic. 
PORTRAITURE, Hysteralgia. 
FOSSA, Fo'vea, from fodio, ' I dig.' Scamma. 
A cavity of greater or less depth, the entrance to 
which is always larger than the base. The fossae 
of bones have been called simple, when they belong 
to one bone only, as the parietal fossa; and 
compound, (F.) Fosses composees, when several 
concur in their formation, as the orbitar fossa, 
temporal fossa, <tc. 
FOSSA Amyg'daloid, Amyg'daloid excava'tion. 
The space between the anterior and posterior 
387 
FOSSES 
pillars of the fauces, which is occupied by the 
tonsils. 
Fossa Amyn'ta:. A kind of bandage, used in 
fractures of the nose; so called, by Galen, from 
Amyntas of Rhodes, its inventor. It consisted 
of a long band, applied round the head, the turns 
of which crossed at the root of the nose. 
Fossa Canina, Canine fossa. 
Fossa Cerebel'li, (F.) Fosse ctrtbelleuse. The 
inferior occipital fossa, which lodges the corre- 
sponding portion of the cerebellum. 
Fossa Corona'lis, Coro'nal or frontal fossa. 
A depression on the orbitar plate of the frontai 
or coronal bone, which supports the anterior lobe 
of the brain. 
Fossa Coronoi'dea, Cor'onoid fossa. A cavity 
before the inferior extremity of the humerus, in 
which the coronoid process of the ulna is engaged 
during the flexion of the forearm. 
Fossa Cotyloidea, see Cotyloid. 
Fossa, Digas'tric, Fossa digas'trica. A deep 
groove on the mastoid portion of the temporal 
bone, which gives origin to the digastric muscle. 
Fossa Ethmoid a'lis, Ethmoid fossa. A shal- 
low gutter on the upper surface of the cribri- 
form plate of the ethmoid bone, on which is 
lodged the expanded portion of the olfactory 
nerve. 
Fossa Genu, Poples. 
Fossa Guttura'lis, Gut'tural fossa. The de- 
pression which forms the guttural region of the 
base of the cranium, between the foramen mag- 
num and posterior nares. 
Fossa Hyaloidea, see Hyaloid (Fossa) - f. 
Iliac, see Iliac fossa; - f. Infra-orbitar, Canine 
fossa-f. Infra-spinous, see Infra-spinata fossa. 
Fossa Innominata. The space between the 
helix and antihelix of the ear. 
Fossa, Ischio-rectal, Perineal fossa - f. Ju- 
gularis, Jugular fossa- -f. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal 
fossa - f. Magna Muliebris, Vulva - f. Magna 
Sylvii, Fissura Sylvii. 
Fossa, Mental, Fossa menta'lis. A small de- 
pression on each side of the symphysis on the 
anterior surface of the body of the maxilla infe- 
rior, for the attachment of muscles. 
Fossa Navicularis* Navicular fossa. 
Fossa Occipita'lis, Occip>'ital fossa. The 
occipital fossae are four in number; the superior 
or cerebral, and the inferior or cerebellous. They 
are separated by a groove, which lodges the late- 
ral sinus. 
Fossa Ovalis, see Ovalis fossa - f. Palatina, 
Palate-f. Perinaei, Perineal fossa - f. Pituitaria, 
Sella Turcica. 
Fossa Poplite'a, Poplite'alfossa. The hol- 
low of the ham ;-the popliteal region. 
Fossa Scaphoides, Navicularis fossa-f. bub- 
orbitar, Canine fossa. 
Fossa, Subpyram'idal, F. subpyramida'lis. A 
deep fossa under the pyramid and behind the fe- 
nestra rotunda in the middle ear, remarkable for 
its constancy, and pierced by several foramina at 
the bottom. 
Fossa Supra-sphenoid alis, Pituitaria fossa- 
f. of Sylvius, Ventricle, fifth-f. Umbilicalis, see 
Liver. 
Fossa: Cerebra'les, Cer'ebral fossa. Fossw 
or excavations at the base of the cranium. They 
are nine in number; three occupy the median 
line, and three are placed at each side. They are 
distinguished into anterior, middle, and posterior. 
Fossa: Digitales, see Impression. 
FOSSE BASIL AIRE, Basilary fossa -f. 
Sous-ipineuse, Infra-spinata fossa-f. Sus-Ipi- 
neuse, Fossa supra-spinata. 
FOSSES CONDYLOIDIENNES, Cordylo- FOSSETTE 
idea foramina-f. Nasales, 0overturesposterieures 
den, Nares, posterior. 
FOSSETTE, (F.) Diminutive of fossa. Scro- 
bic'ulus, Both'rion. Several depressions are so 
called. A dimpled chin, Fossette du menton, con- 
sists in a slight depression, which certain persons 
have on the chin. 2. A dimple of the cheek, (F.) 
Fossette des joues, a depression which occurs on 
the cheeks of certain persons when they laugh. 
Scrobic'ulus cordis, Anticar'dion, Pracor'diuin, 
(F.) Fossette du coeur. The depression observed 
on a level with the xiphoid cartilage at the ante- 
rior and inferior part of the chest. It is, also, 
called pit of the stomach, (F.) Creux de I'estomac. 
FOSSETTE, Fos'sula, A'nulus, Bothrium, is 
also a small ulcer of the transparent cornea, the 
centre of which is deep. 
ANGULAIRE DU QUATRI- 
EME VENTRICULE, Calamus scriptorius-f. 
du Coeur, Scrobiculus cordis. 
FOSSORIUM, Fleam. 
FOSSULA, Argema, Fossa, Fossette, Fovea. 
FOTHERGILL'S PILLS, see Pilulse aloes et 
colocynthidis. 
FOTUS, Fomentation-f. Communis, Decoctum 
papaveris. 
FOU, Insane. 
FOUGERE FEMELLE, Asplenium filix foe- 
mina, Pteris aquilina-f. Grande, Pteris aquilina 
--f. Male, Polypodium filix mas. 
FOULURE, Sprain. 
FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Brephotropheum. 
FOURCHE, (E.),fourch6, 'cleft;' from furca, 
'a fork.' Aposte'ma Phalan'gum. A French 
provincial term for small abscesses which form on 
the fingers and hands of working-people. Also, 
an instrument, invented by M. J. L. Petit, for 
compressing the ranine artery in cases of hemor- 
rhage from that vessel. 
FOURCHETTE', Furcil'la, alittle fork. Fur'- 
cula. A surgical instrument used for raising and 
supporting the tongue, during the operation of 
dividing the fraenum. 
Fourchette, in anatomy, is, 1. The posterior 
commissure of the labia majora, called also, Froe- 
num and Fur'cula Labio'rum. 2. The cartilago 
ensiformis: so called from its being sometimes 
cleft like a fork. Also, the semilunar notch at 
the superior or clavicular extremity of the 
sternum. 
FOURMI, Formica. 
FOUR MILL ANT, Formicant. 
FOURMILLEMENT, Formication. 
FOUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
FO'VEA, diminutive, Fove'ola, from fodio, ' I 
dig.' Bothros. A slight depression. Fos'sula. 
The pudendum mullebre; see Vulva. Also, the 
fossa navicularis. A vapour-bath for the lower 
extremities. 
Fovea Axillaris, Axilla - f. Elliptica, see 
Crista Vestibuli - f. Hemisphaerica, see Crista 
Vestibuli - f. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal fossa - f. 
Oculi, Orbit - f. Semi-elliptica, see Crista Vesti- 
buli- f. Sulciformis, see Crista Vestibuli. 
FOVEOLA, Fovea. 
FOXBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi. 
FOXGLOVE, Digitalis. 
FO YER, Fomes morbi. 
FRACTURA, Fracture - f. Dentis, Odonto- 
clasis. 
FRACTURE, Fractu'ra, from frangere, frac- 
tion, ' to break,' ' bruise.' Catag'ma, Catag'ma 
Fractu'ra, Catax'is, Clasis, Clasma, Agme, Ag- 
ma, Diar'rhage. A solution of continuity in a 
hone, Osteoc'lasis. A simple fracture is when the 
bone only is divided. A compound fracture is a 
division of the bone with a wound of the integu- 
388 
FRJENUM 
ments communicating with the bone,-the bone, 
indeed, generally protruding. In a com'minuted 
fracture, Alphite'don, aXtyirriiov, Cary e'don Ca- 
tag'ma, Kapvytov Karay/ia, the bone is broken into 
several pieces; and in a complicated fracture 
there is, in addition to the injury done to the 
bone, a lesion of some considerable vessel, ner- 
vous trunk, &c. Fractures are also termed trans- 
verse, oblique, &c., according to their direction. 
The treatment of fractures consists, in general, in 
reducing the fragments when displaced; maintain- 
ing them when reduced; preventing the symp- 
toms, which may be likely to arise; and combating 
them when they occur. The reduction of fractures 
must be effected by extension, counter-extension, 
and coaptation. The parts are kept in apposition 
by position, rest, and an appropriate apparatus. 
The position must vary according to the kind of 
fracture. Commonly, the fractured limb is placed 
on a horizontal or slightly inclined plane, in a 
state of extension; or rather in a middle state 
between extension and flexion, according to the 
case. 
FRACTURE EN RAVE, Raphanedon. 
Fracture of the Radius, Barton's, Bar- 
ton's Fracture. A term applied to a fracture of 
the lower extremity of the radius, which com- 
mences at the articular surface, and extends up- 
wards for an inch or more, to terminate on the 
dorsal aspect. Owing to the extensor muscles 
drawing up the separated portion of the bone, 
and with it the carpus, a deformity results, which 
has been confounded with simple dislocation. In 
consequence of the fracture having been well de- 
scribed by Dr. John Rhea Barton, of Philadel- 
phia, it is often called after him. 
FRACTURES PAR RESONNANCE, see 
Contraflssura. 
FRzENA EPIGLOT'TIDIS, Glosso-epiglottic 
ligaments - f. Morgagnii, F. of the Valve of 
Bauhin. 
Fr.-ena of the Valve of Bauhin, (F.) Freins 
de la valvule de Bauhin. A name given by Mor- 
gagni to the projecting lines formed by the junc- 
tion of the extremities of the two lips of the ileo- 
coecal valve. They are also called -Frzsna and 
Retinac'ula Hlorgagn'ii. 
FRjENULUM, see Fraenum, Bride - f. Clito- 
ridis, Fraenum clitoridis-f. Labiorum, Fourchette 
-f. Novum, Taenia semicircularis. 
Fra:'nulum Veli Medulla'ris Anterio'ris. 
A narrow slip, given off by the commissure of the 
encephalic testes, which strengthens the junction 
of the testes with the valve of Vieussens. 
FRJENUM, Fre'num; (F.) Frein, 'a bridle.' 
Fra'nulum, Filel'lum, Filamen'tum. *A small 
bridle.' A bridle. Names given to several mem- 
branous folds, which bridle and retain certain 
organs. 
Frasnum Clitor'idis, Fra'nulum Clitor'idis, 
(F.) Frein du Clitoris. A slight duplicature 
formed by the union of the internal portions of 
the upper extremity of the nymphae. 
Frainum Glandis, F. Penis. 
Fraenum Labio'rum, (F.) Frein des levres. 
There are two of these; one for the upper, the 
other for the lower lip. They unite these parts 
to the maxillary bone, and are formed by the 
mucous membrane of the mouth. Also, the 
Fourchette. 
Fra:num Lingua:, Fra'nulum, seu Fin'e«Zi<»i 
Lingua, Glossodes'mus, File'tum, (F.) Filet ou 
Frein de la langue, is a triangular reflection, 
formed by the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
and situate between the inferior paries of that 
cavity and the inferior surface of the tongue. 
When the fraenum extends as far as the extre- FRAGARIA 
mity of the tongue, it cramps its movements, in- 
terferes with sucking, &c. This inconvenience 
is remedied by carefully snipping it with a pair 
of scissors. The French call this I'operation du 
filet. 
Fr.enim Penis, F. seu Frce'nulum seu Vin'cu- 
lum Prapu'tii, F. Glandis, dynodes'mion, Cyno- 
des'mus, Vin'culum Oani'num, (F.) Filet ou Frein 
de la verge, is a membranous reflection which 
fixes the prepuce to the lower part of the glans. 
When too short, it prevents the prepuce from 
sliding over the glans. 
Frasnitm Prajputii, F. Penis. 
FRAGA'RIA, from fragro, ' I smell sweetly.' 
The Strawberry, Fraga'ria vesca seu vulga'ris 
seu semper-fiorens, ChamtE'batos, (F.) Fraisier. 
The fruit is agreeable and wholesome, and the 
roots have been used as tonic and slightly diure- 
tic. The fruit is the Fragrum, Koyayov of the an- 
cients ; (F.) Praise. 
Fragaria Anserina, Potentilla anserina-f. 
Pentaphyllum, Potentilla reptans-f. Tormentilla 
officinalis, Potentilla tormentilla. 
Fraga'ria Virginia'na, Wild Strawberry. 
An indigenous plant, which has astringent leaves. 
FRAGILE VITREUM, Fragilitas ossium. 
FRAGIL'ITAS, Ruptibil'itas, from frango, 'I 
break.' Fragility, Brittleness. The state of 
being easily broken or torn. 
Fragil'itAs Os'sium, Osteopsathyro'sis, Brit- 
tleness of the bones, Friabil'ity of the bones, Pa- 
ros'tia frag" ilis, Frag"ile vit'reum. Pathologists 
have given this name to the extreme facility with 
which bones break in certain diseases of the os- 
seous texture. It is owing to a deficiency of the 
animal matter. 
FRAGMENT, Fragmen'tum, Fragmen, Ra- 
men'tum, from frangere, ' to break.' The French 
use this term for the two portions of a fractured 
bone; thus, they speak of the superior and the 
inferior fragment. 
Fragments, Prec"ious. A name formerly 
given, in Pharmacy, to the garnet, hyacinth, 
emerald, sapphire and topaz. The Arabs falsely 
attributed to them cordial and alixiterial proper- 
ties. 
FRAGON, Ruscus. 
FRAGUM, see Fragaria. 
FRAISE, see Fragaria. 
FRAISIER, Fragaria. 
1 RAMB(E'bIA, Frambce'sia, Lepra funqif'- 
era, from Framboise, (F.) 'A raspberry.' Syph'- 
ilis In'dica, Anthra'cia ru'bula, Thymio'sis, Thy- 
mio'sis seu Lucs In'dica, Vari'ola Amboinen' sis, 
Lepra fungif'era, Scroph'ula Molucca'na. The 
Yaws, Epian, Pian. A disease of the Antilles 
and of Africa, characterized by tumours, of a 
contagious character, which resemble strawber- 
ries, raspberries, or champignons; ulcerate, and 
are accompanied by emaciation. The Pian, for 
so the Indians call it, differs somewhat in Ame- 
rica and Africa. 
Pian of Amer'ica, Frambie'sia America'na, 
Anthra'cia Ru'bula Americana, occurs under 
similar circumstances with the next, and seems 
to be transmitted by copulation. The tumours 
have a similar form, and are greater in propor- 
tion to their paucity. In some cases they are 
mixed with ulcers. 
Plan of (min'ea, Framboe'sia Guineen'sis, An- 
thra'cia Ru'bula Guineen'sis, is common amongst 
the negroes, especially in childhood and youth. 
It begins by small spots, which appear on diffe- 
rent parts, and especially on the organs of gene- 
ration and around the anus; these spots disap- 
pear, and are transformed into an eschar, to 
which an excrescence succeeds, that grows slowly, 
and has ibe shape above described. 
389 
FRAXINUS AMERICANA 
The treatment is nearly the same in the two 
varieties. The tumours will yield to mercurial 
friction, when small. When large, they must be 
destroyed by caustic. In both cases, mercury 
must be given to prevent a recurrence. 
An endemic disease resembling yaws was ob- 
served in the Feejee Islands by the medical offi 
cers of the United States' Exploring Expedition. 
It is called by the natives Dthoke. 
Frambcesia Illyrica, Scherlievo-f. Scotica, 
Sibbens. 
FRAMBOISE, Rubus idaeus. 
FRANCOLIN, Attagen. 
FRANGES SYNO VIALES, Synovial glands. 
FRANGULA ALNUS, Rhamnus frangula. 
FRANKINCENSE, COMMON, see Pinus 
abies-f. True, Juniperus lycia. 
FRANZENSBAD, FRANZBAD, or FRANZ- 
ENSBRUNN, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
celebrated water at Eger, in Bohemia, which 
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and 
carbonic acid gas. The springs are also called 
Franzensbrunnen. 
FRAP PER, Percuss. 
FRASERA CAROLINIENSIS, see Calumba 
-f. Officinalis, see Calumba-f. Walteri, see Ca- 
lumba. 
FRATER UTERINUS, see Uterinus frater. 
FRATERNITAS, Adelphixia. 
FRATRATIO, Adelphixia. 
FRAXINELLA DICTAMNUS, Dictamnus 
albus-f. White, Dictamnus albus. 
FRAXINUS AMERICA'NA, White Ash; and 
Fraxinus Quadrangula'ta, Blue Ash, indi- 
genous ; have bitter and astringent barks, and 
have been used as antiperiodics. 
Fraxinus Apetala, F. excelsior-f. Aurea, F. 
excelsior-f. Crispa, F. excelsior-f. Excelsa, F. 
excelsior. 
Frax'inus Excel'sior. The systematic name 
of the Ash tree, Frax'inus, Ornus seu Fraxinus 
sylues'tris, Fr. apet'ala seu au'rea seu crispa seu 
excel'sa seu pen'dula seu verruco'sa, Bume'lia seu 
Macedon'ica Fraxinus, Bumelia. Ord. Oleacese. 
(F.) Frene. The fresh bark has a moderately 
strong, bitterish taste. It has been said to pos- 
sess resolvent and diuretic qualities, and has been 
given in intermittents. The seeds, called Birds' 
tongues, Lingua avis, Ornithoglos'sa, have been 
exhibited as diuretics, in the dose of a drachm. 
Its sap has been extolled against deafness. 
Fraxinus Florifera, F. ornus-f. Macedo- 
nia, F. excelsior. 
Fraxinus Ornus, Fraxinus me'lia seu pani- 
cula'ta seu florifera, Ornus niannif era seu rotun- 
difo'lia. The systematic name of the tree whence 
flows. This substance is also called Manna 
Calabri'na, Ros Calabri'nus, Aerom'eli, Drosoni'- 
eh, Drysom'eli, Mel ae'rium, Succus orni concre'- 
tus. In Sicily, not only the Fraxinus Ornus, but 
also the F. rotundifolia and F. excelsior are regular- 
ly cultivated for the purpose of procuring manna, 
which is their condensed juice. In the Ph. U. S. 
it is assigned to Ornus Europaa. Manna is in- 
odorous, sweetish, with a very slight degree of 
bitterness; in friable flakes, of a whitish or pale 
yellow colour; opake, and soluble in water and 
alcohol. It is laxative, and is used as a pur- 
gative for children, who take it readily on ac- 
count of its sweetness. More generally it is em- 
ployed as an adjunct to other purgatives. Dose, 
5ss to 5ij. Its immediate principle is called 
Mannite or Mannin. This has been recommended 
by Magendie as a substitute for manna. Dose, 
for children. 
Fraxinus Paniculata, F. ornus-f. Quadran 
gulata, see F. Americana -f. Rotundifolia, F. 
ornus. FRAYEUR 
FRAYEUR NOCTURNE, Panophobia. 
FRECKLES, Ephelides. 
FREEMAN'S BATHING SPIRITS, see Li- 
nimentum saponis compositum. 
FREIN, Fraenum-/. du Clitoris, Fraenum 
clitoridis-f. de la Langue, Fraenum linguae- f. 
des Levres, Fraenum laborium-f. de la Verge, 
Fraenum penis. 
FREINS DE LA VAL VULE DE BA UHIN, 
Fraena of the valve of Bauhin. 
FREINWALDE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These springs are in Brandenburg, twelve leagues 
from Berlin. They contain chloride of sodium, 
sulphate of magnesia, chloride of magnesium, sul- 
phate of lime, carbonates of lime and magnesia, 
iron, Ac., and are used in asthenic diseases. 
FREM1SSEMENT, Shuddering. 
FRE NISSEN ENT CAT AIRE (F.), 'Cat's 
purr.' Purring Tremor. Laennec has given this 
name to the agitation which is sensible to the 
hand, when applied on the praecordial region, 
and which he considers a sign of ossification or 
other contraction of the auriculo-ventricular open- 
ings. The name was chosen by him from the 
analogy of the sound to the purring of a cat. 
FREMITUS, Bruissement, Fremissement, Shud- 
dering. 
The Pec'toral or Vocal Frem'itus, Pectoral Vi- 
bra'tion, Tactile vibration, is an obscure diffused 
resonance of the voice, which is felt when the 
hand is applied to the chest. 
FRENA, Alveolus. 
FRENE, Fraxinus excelsior - f. Epineux, 
Xanthoxylum clava Herculis. 
FRENULUM, see Fraenum. 
FRENUM, Fraenum. 
FRET, Chafing, Herpes. 
FRETILLENENT, Fidgets. 
FRICATIO, Friction. 
FRICATORIUM, Liniment. 
FRICE, Fricum, Frico'nium. A medicine 
which the ancients employed under the form of 
friction. They distinguish the Frice siccum and 
F. molle.-Gaubius. 
FRICONIUM, Frice. 
FRICTA, Colophonia. 
FRICTIO, Friction - f. Humida, see Friction 
-f. Sicca, see Friction. 
FRIC'TION, Frie'tio, Frica'tio, Anat'ribe, 
Anatrip' sis, Trypsis, Chirap'sia, from fricare, 
' to rub.' The action of rubbing a part of the 
surface of the body more or less forcibly, with 
the hands, a brush, flannel, Ac., constituting Xe- 
rotrib'ia, Xerotrip'sis, Frie'tio sicca or dry fric- 
tion ; or with ointments, liniments, tinctures, Ac., 
constituting moist friction, Frie'tio hu'mida. It 
is a useful means for exciting the action of the 
skin. 
Friction Sound, Bruit de frottement. 
FRICTRIX, Tribade. 
FRICTUM, Liniment. 
FRICUM, Frice. 
FRIGEFACIENTIA, Refrigerants. 
FRIGID, Frig"idus, (F.) Froid: same ety- 
mon as Frigidity. Cold. Not easily moved to 
sexual desire ; Imbel'lis ad ven'erem. Impotent. 
FRIGIDARIUM, Bath, cold. 
FRIGID'ITY, Frigid'itas, from frigidum, 
'cold.' A sensation of cold. Also, impotence, 
and sterility. Frigidity of the stomach is a state 
of debility of that organ, imputed to excessive 
Venery,-the Anorex'ia exhausto'rumof Sauvages. 
FRIGIDUS, Frigid. 
FRIGORIF'IC, from frigus, 'cold,' and fio, 
'I make.' That which has the power of produc- 
ing cold. . The best Frigorific Mixtures are 
the following. Their effects are owing to the 
390 
FROISSEMENT 
rapid absorption of heat when solids pass into 
the liquid state. 
Frigorific Mixtures with Snow. 
Mixtures. 
Therm, falls. 
Snow, or pounded ice, two 
parts by weight; 
Chloride of Sodium 1. 
From any temperature. 
to-5° 
Snow or pounded ice 5. 
Chloride of Sodium 2. 
to-12° 
Mur. of Ammonia. 1. 
Snow or pounded ice 24. 
Chloride of Sodium 10. 
Muriate of Ammonia 5. 
to-18° 
Nitrate of Potash 5. 
Snow or pounded ice 12. 
Chloride of Sodium 5. 
Nitrate of Ammonia 5. 
to-25° 
Dilut. Sulph. Acid 2. 
Snow 3. 
from+32° 
to-23° 
Concentr. Mur. Acid 5. 
Snow 8. 
Concentr. Nitrous Acid.... 4. 
Snow 7. 
from+32° 
to-27° 
from+32° 
to-30° 
Chloride of Calcium 5. 
Snow . 4. 
from+320 
to-40° 
Crystall. Chloride of Calcium 3. 
Snow 2. 
from+32° 
to-50° 
Fused Potash 4. 
Snow 3. 
from+32° 
to-51° 
Frigorific Mixtures may also be made by the 
rapid solution of salts, without the use of snow or 
ice. The salts must be finely powdered and dry. 
Frigorific Mixtures without Snow. 
Mur. of Ammonia 5.' 
Nitrate of Potash 5. 
Water 16. 
Mixtures. 
Therm, fall*. 
frum+50° 
to-10° 
Mur. of Ammonia 5. 
Nitrate of Potash 5. 
Sulphate of Soda 8. 
Water 16. 
from+50° 
to+10° 
Nitrate of Ammonia 1. 
Water 1. 
from+50° 
to+ 4° 
Nitrate of Ammonia 1. 
Carbonate of Soda 1. 
Water 1. 
from+50° 
to- 7° 
Sulphate of Soda 3. 
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 2. 
from+50° 
to- 3° 
Sulphate of Soda 6. 
Mur. of Ammonia 4. 
Nitrate of Potash 2. 
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
from+50° 
to-10° 
Sulphate of Soda 6. 
Nitrate of Ammonia 5. 
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
from+50° 
to-14° 
Phosphate of Soda 9. 
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
from+ 50° 
to-12° 
Phosphate of Soda 9. 
Nitrate of Ammonia 6. 
Dilut. Nitrous Acid 4. 
from+50° 
to-21° 
Sulphate of Soda 8. 
Muriatic Acid 5. 
Sulphate of Soda 5. 
Dilut. Sulphuric Acid 4. 
from+50° 
to- 0° 
from+50° 
to- 3° 
FRIGUS, Cold-f. Tenue, see Rigor. 
FRISSON, Rigor. 
FRISSONNEMENT, Horripilation. 
FROGLEAF, Brasenia Hydropeltis. 
FROG TONGUE, Ranula. 
FROGS' SPAWN, Sperma ranarum. 
FROID, Cold, Frigid-f. Glacial, Ice-cold. 
FROISSEMENT, (F.) 'Rubbing, bruising.' 
FROISSEMENT PTIJ.MONAIRE, Fruit de 
froisaement pulmonaire, Pulmonary crumpling FROLEMENT 
sound. A name given by M. Fournet to a respi- 
ratory sound, which communicates to the ear the 
sensation of the rubbing (froissement) of a tex- 
ture compressed against a hard body. It is by 
no means well defined. 
F.RtJLEMENT, (F.) ' Grazing or touching 
lightly.' 
FROLEMENT PERICARDIQUE, Emit de 
frClement ptricardique. Rustling noise of the 
pericardium. A sound resembling that produced 
by the crumpling of a piece of parchment or of 
thick silken stuff, accompanying the systole and 
diastole of the heart. It indicates roughness of 
the pericardium induced by disease. 
FROM AGE, Cheese. 
FR OMENT, Triticum. 
FRONCEMENT, Corrugation. 
FRONCLE, Furunculus. 
FRONDE, Funda. 
FRONT, Front, Meto'pon, Forehead, Brow. 
That part of the visage, which extends from one 
temple to the other, and is comprised in a verti- 
cal direction, between the roots of the hair and 
the superciliary ridges. 
FRONTAL, Fronta'lis. Relating or belong- 
ing to the front. This name has been given to 
several parts. Winslow, Sommering, and others, 
call the anterior part of the occipito-frontalis- 
the frontal muscle or fronta'lis, Musculo'sa Frontis 
Cutem movens substan'tia Par (Vesalius). 
Frontal Artery, A. supra-orbita' h's, is given 
off by the ophthalmic, w hich is itself a branch of 
the internal carotid. It makes its exit from the 
skull at the upper part of the base of the orbit, 
and ascends the forehead between the bone and 
the orbicularis palpebrarum; dividing into three 
or four branches, which are distributed to the 
neighbouring muscles. 
Frontal Bone, Os frontis, Os corona'le, Os in- 
verecun'dum, Meto'pon, Os puppis, Os Ratio'nis. 
A double bone in the foetus, single in the adult, 
situate at the base of the cranium, and at the 
superior part of the face. It forms the vault 
of the orbit; lodges the ethmoid bone in a 
notch at its middle part; and is articulated, 
besides, with the sphenoid, parietal, and nasal 
bones, the ossa unguis, superior maxillary, and 
malar bones. ~ 
Frontal Furrow extends upwards from the 
frontal spine, and becomes gradually larger in its 
course, to lodge the upper part of the superior 
longitudinal sinus, and to give attachment to the 
falx cerebri. 
Frontal Nerve, Palptbro-frontal - (Ch.,) is 
the greatest of the three branches of the ophthal- 
mic nerve, - the first division of the 5th pair. 
It proceeds along the superior paries of the orbit, 
and divides into two branches: - the one, inter- 
nal, which makes its exit from the orbitar fossa, 
passing beneath the pulley of the oblique muscle: 
-the other, external, issuing from the same ca- 
vity, by the foramen orbitarium superius. 
Frontal Protu'berance, Frontal tuberos'ity, 
Tuber fronta'le, Suggrun'dium supercilio'rum. 
The protuberance of the frontal bone above the 
superciliary arch. 
Frontal Si'nuses, Fronta'les Sinus, Meto- 
pan'tra, Prosopan' tra, Sinus Super cilia'res, S. 
pituita'ni frontis, Cavern'a frontis, are two deep 
cavities in the substance of the frontal bone, 
separated from each other by a medium septum, 
and opening, below, into the anterior cells of the 
ethmoid bone. 
Frontal Spine, Crista inter'na, is situate in 
the middle of the under part of the bone, and is 
formed by the coalescence of the inner tables for 
the attachment of the falx cerebri. 
391 
FUCUS 
Surgeons have given the name Fronta'lis to 
a bandage or topical application to the forehead. 
Such have, also, been called rpopxrwmoia and 
avaKoXXnpara. 
Frontal Tuberosity, Frontal protuberance. 
FRONTA'LE, from frons, 'the forehead.' A 
medicine applied to the forehead. 
FRONTALIS ET OCCIPITALIS, Occipito- 
frontalis. 
Frontalis Verus, Corrugator supercilii. 
FRONTODYMIA, see Cephalodymia. 
FRONTO-ETHMOID FORAMEN, Ctecum 
foramen-f. Nasal, Pyramidalis nasi-f. Saur- 
cilier, Corrugator supercilii. 
FROSTBITE, Congelation. 
FROSTWEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum, He- 
lianthemum Canadense. 
FROSTWORT, Helianthemum Canadense. 
FROTII'Y, from Gr. a<j>pos, 'froth.' (?) Spu- 
mo'sue, (F.) Spumeux, iicumeux, Mousseux. An 
epithet given to the faeces or sputa, when mixed 
with air. 
FROTTEMENT, see Bruit de frottement. 
FROTTEMENT GLOBULAIRE. A name 
given by M. Simonnet, to the pulse in aortic re- 
gurgitation, when it is jerking, and, in well 
marked cases, appears as if the blood consisted 
of several little masses, which passed in succes- 
sion under the finger applied to the artery. 
FRUCTIFICATIO, Fecundation. 
FRUCTUS HORJEI, Fruit, (summer)-f. Im- 
maturus, Abortion. 
FRUGIV'OROUS, Frugiv'orus, from fruges, 
'fruits,' and voro, 'I eat.' One that eats fruits. 
FRUIT, Fructus, from frui, 'to enjoy.' Carpos. 
In botany, the seed with its enclosing pericarp. 
In a medical sense it may be defined to be:- 
that part of a plant which is taken as food. The 
effects of fruits on the body, in a medical as well 
as a dietetical point of view, are various. They 
may be distinguished into classes : for, whilst the 
Cerealia, for example, afford fruits, which are 
highly nutritious, the Summer Fruits (Fructus 
Horcp'i,) which inelude strawberries, cherries, 
currants, mulberries, raspberries, figs, grapes, <fcc., 
are refrigerant and grateful, but afford little nou- 
rishment. 
FRUIT-SUGAR, Glucose. 
FRUMENT, Fru'menty, Fur'menty, from fru- 
mentum, 'wheat' or 'grain,' quasi frugimentum; 
from fruges, 'fruit.' Pottage made of wheat. 
Food made of wheat boiled in milk. 
FRUMEN'TUM. Same etymon. Sitos, Any 
kind of grain from which bread was made;- 
especially wheat. 
Frumentum, Triticum-f. Corniculatum, Ergot 
-f. Cornutum, Ergot - f. Luxurians, Ergot'-f. 
Temulentum, Ergot-f. Turgidum, Ergot. 
FRUSTRATOIRE, (F.) Any liquor, taken 
a short time after eating, for the purpose of as- 
sisting digestion when difficult. Sugared water, 
eau sucree, or water with the addition of a little 
brandy, or some aromatic substance, is commonly 
used for this purpose. 
FRUTEX BACCIFER BRAZILIENSIS, Caa- 
ghivuyo-f. Indicus spinosus, Cara schulli. 
FUCUS, F. vesiculosus, Paint. 
Fucus Amyla'ceus, Jaffna Moss, Ed'ible Moes. 
Ceylon Moss, Ploca'ria can'dida, Gracila'ria li- 
cheno'i'des, SphtBrococ'cus licheno'i'des, Gigarti'na, 
licheno'i'dee, Fucus licheno'i'des, Marine Moss. 
This moss belongs to the natural order Alga?. It 
was introduced some years ago into England, 
from India. It is white, filiform and fibrous, and 
has the usual odour of sea-weeds. Its medical 
properties are similar to those of Irish moss. 
Fucus, Bladder, F. vesiculosus. 
Fucus Crispus, Lichen Carrageen, Chondrus, FUGA 
Ch. crispus, Spharococ'cus crispus, Ulva crispa, 
(Jhondrus poly mor'phus, I rink moss, Carrageen or 
Corrigten moss, (F.) Mousse d'Irlande, M. perlie. 
This Fucus, of the Natural Family Alya, is found 
on the coasts of England, Ireland, Western France, 
Spain, and Portugal, and as far as the tropics. 
It is also a native of the United States. In Ire- 
land, it is used by the poor as an article of diet. 
As met with in America, it is of a light yellow 
colour, and resembles plates of born, crisped and 
translucent. An agreeable jelly is obtained from 
it by boiling it in water or milk, which forms a 
good article of diet in consumptive cases. Its 
properties are indeed exactly like those of the 
Iceland Moss. 
Fucus Helminthocorton, Corallina Corsica- 
na- f. Inflatus, F. vesiculosus - f. Lichenoides, 
F. amylaceus - f. Saccharine, Rhodomela pal- 
mata. 
Fucus Vesiculo'sus, F. infla'tus, HaVidrys 
vesiculo'sa, Quercus Mari'na, Fucus, Bladder Fu- 
cus, Sea Oak, Sea Wrack, 'Yellow Bladder Wrack, 
(F.) Varec visiculeux, Chene marin. It has been 
said to be a useful assistant to sea-water, in the 
cure of disorders of the glands. When the wrack, 
in fruit, is dried, cleaned, exposed to a red-heat 
in a crucible with a perforated lid, and is reduced 
to powder, it forms the MU'thiops vegetab'ilis- 
the Pulvis Querctis Mari'na of the Dublin Phar- 
macopoeia-which is used, like the burnt sponge, 
in bronchocele and other scrofulous swellings. 
Its efficacy depends on the iodine it contains. 
Dose, gr. x to yij, mixed in molasses or honey. 
See Soda. 
FUGA DJEMONUM, Hypericum perforatum. 
FUGA'CIOUS, Fugax, from fugere, 'to fly.' 
An epithet given to certain symptoms, which 
appear and disappear almost immediately after- 
wards; as & fugacious redness,-a fugacious swel- 
ling, Tumorfugax, Ac. 
FUGAX, Fugacious. 
FUGE, from fugo, 'I expel,' 'an expeller.' A 
Common suffix. Hence, Febrifuge, Vermifuge, &c. 
FU'GILE, Fugil'la. This term has several 
acceptations. It means, 1. The cerumen of the 
ear. 2. The nebulous suspension in, or deposi- 
tion from, the urine. 3. An abscess near the 
ear.-Ruland and Johnson. 4. Abscess in general. 
FUGILLA, Fugile. 
FULGUR, Astrape. 
FULIG"INOUS, Fuligino' sus, Lignyo'desfV.) 
Fuligineux, from fuligo, ' soot.' Having the co- 
lour of soot. An epithet given to certain parts, 
as the lips, teeth, or tongue, when they assume a 
brownish colour, or rather, are covered with a 
coat of that colour. 
FULI'GO, Lignys, Soot, (F.) Suie, &c. Wood- 
soot, Fuligo Ligni, consists of volatile alkaline 
salt, empyreumatic oil, fixed alkali, Ac. A tinc- 
ture, Tinctu'ra Fulig"inis, prepared from it, has 
been recommended as a powerful antispasmodic 
in hysterical cases. (Fulig. Uqn. potass, 
subcarb, ibss ; ammon. muriat. ij ; aqua fluviat. 
Oiij. Digest for three days.) This tincture bears 
the name Soot drops and Fit drops. An oint- 
ment of soot has been used in various cutaneous 
diseases. 
Fuligo Alba Philosophorum, Ammonias mu- 
nas. 
FULIGO'KALI, from fuligo, 'soot,' and kali, 
'potassa.' This is an analogous preparation to 
anthrakokali; soot being used in the place of 
coal. It is employed in the same diseases. What 
might be regarded as a weak solution of fuligo- 
kali has been used for many years in Philadel- 
phia, under the names medical lye, soot tea, alka- 
line solution, and dyspeptic lye. 
FULLERS' EARTH, Cimolia purpurescens. 
392 
FUNCTION 
FULMEN, Astrape. 
FULMICOTON, see Collodion. 
FULNESS, liepie'tio, Plen'itude, Pletho'ra, 
Reple'tion. The state of being filled. Also, a 
feeling of weight or distention in the stomach or 
other part of the system. 
FUMA'RIA, Fuma'ria officina'lis sen media, 
Fumus terra, Capnog, Herba melancholif'n<ja, 
Fu'mitory, Common Fu'mitory, Fumiter'ra, So- 
la'men Scabioeo'rum, (F.) Fumeterre. The leaves 
are extremely succulent, and have a bitter, some- 
what saline, taste. The infusion of the dried 
leaves and the expressed juice of the fresh plant 
have been extolled for their property of clearing 
the skin of many disorders of the leprous kind. 
Fuma'ria Bulbo'sa, F. cava seu major, Borck- 
hausen'ia cava, Capnoi'des cava, Aristolochi'u fa- 
ba' cea seu cava seu vulya'ris rotun'da, Coryd' alia 
bulbo'sa seu cava seu tubero'sa, Capnor'chis. The 
rootofthis plantwas formerly given as anemmena- 
gogue and anthelmintic. (F.) Fumeterre bulbeuse. 
Fumaria Cava, F. bulbosa-f. Major, F. bul- 
bosa-f. Media, Fumaria-f. Officinalis, Fumaria. 
FUMETERRE, Fumaria. 
FUMIGATIO, Fumigation - f. Antiloimica 
Gaubii, see Disinfection - f. Guytoniensis, see 
Disinfection-f. Smythiana, see Disinfection. 
FUMIGA'TION, Fumiga'tio, from fumus, 
'smoke.' Suffi'tus, Sufjit"io, Sujfumina'tio, Suf- 
fumig"ium, Suffimen'tum, Apocapnie'mus, Thymi- 
a'ma, Epithymia'ma, Hypothymia'ma, Hypothy- 
mia'sis, Thymia'sis, Capitis'mos, Hypocapnia'mog, 
Hypat'mus, Hypatmis'mns, Anathymia' sis. An 
operation, the object of which is to fill a circum- 
scribed space with gas or vapour; with the in- 
tention either of purifying the air, of perfuming 
it, or of charging it with a substance proper for 
acting upon a part of the surface of the human 
body. Hence, fumigations have been distin- 
guished into aqueous, aromatic, sulphureous, mer- 
curial, disinfecting, Guytonian, <fcc. Benzoin ge- 
nerally constitutes the chief ingredient in the 
Fumigating Pastilles, to which any variety of 
odoriferous substances may be added. The fol- 
lowing is one formula: 
R. Benzoin. 3j cascarilla, £ss; myrrh, 
ol. myrist., ol. caryoph. aa gtt. x ; potass# nitrat. 
SJss; carbon, liyn. ; mucil. tray. q. s. 
Fumigation, Chlorine, see Disinfection - f. 
Nitrous, see Disinfection - f. Oxymuriatic, see 
Disinfection. 
FUMITERRA, Fumaria. 
FUMITORY, Fumaria. 
FUMUS ALBUS, Hydrargyrum-f. Citrinus, 
Sulphur-f. Terra?, Fumaria. 
FUNAMBULA'TIO, from /«nw, 'a cord,' and 
ambulare, ' to walk.' An exercise with the an- 
cients, which consisted in scaling ropes. 
FUNC'TION, Func'tio, Ac'tio, (F.) Function; 
from fungor, 'I act,' 'perform.' The action of 
an organ or system of organs. Any act, neces- 
sary for accomplishing a vital phenomenon. A 
function is a special office in the animal economy, 
which has as its instrument, an organ or appara- 
tus of organs. Thus, respiration is a function. 
Its object is the conversion of venous into arte- 
rial blood, and its instrument is the lungs. The 
ancient physiologists divided the functions into 
vital, animal, and natural. They called vital func- 
tions those which are essential to life, as innerva- 
tion, circulation, respiration ; animal functions, 
those which belong to the encephalon; viz.: the 
functions of the intellect, the affections of the mind, 
and the voluntary motions; and natural func- 
tions, Faculta'tes seu Actio'nes natura'les, those 
relating to assimilation, such as the actions of the 
abdominal viscera, of the absorbent and exhalant 
vessels, &c. Bichat divided the functions into FUNCTIONAL DISEASES 
those which relate to the preservation of the in- 
dividual, and those that relate to the preservation 
of the species. The former he subdivided into 
animal and organic. The animal functions or 
functions of relation are those of the intellect, 
sensation, locomotion, and voice. The organic 
functions include digestion, absorption, respira- 
tion, circulation, secretion, nutrition, and calori- 
fication. The functions, whose object is the pre- 
servation of the species-the organic, nutritive, or 
vegetative functions-are all those that relate to 
generation ; - such as conception, gestation, ac- 
couchement, &c. Each of these admits of nu- 
merous subdivisions in a complete course of 
Physiology ;-for so the doctrine of the functions 
is called. 
FUNCTIONAL DISEASES, see Organic Dis- 
eases. 
FUNDA, Sphen'done, (F.) Fronde. A band- 
age, composed of a fillet or long compress, cleft 
at its extremities to within about two inches of 
its middle. It is used in diseases of the nose and 
chin, and especially in cases of fracture of the 
lower jaw. In such case it has, also, been called 
Mentonniire, because placed beneath the chin; 
from (F.) Menton, 'the chin.' 
FUNDAMENT, Anus-f. Falling down of the, 
Proctocele. 
FUNDAMEN'TAL, from fundare, 'to lie 
deeply.' Some anatomists have called the sa- 
crum Os Fundament a''ll, because it seems to serve 
as a base to the vertebral column. The sphenoid 
bone has likewise been so denominated, from its 
being situate at the base of the cranium. 
FUNDUS, (F.) Fond. The base of any organ 
which ends in a neck, or has an external aper- 
ture ; as the Fundus vesicae, F. uteri, &c. Also, 
the Vulva. 
Fundus Vagin.®, Laquear vaginae. 
FUNES CORDIS, Columnae carneae-f. Semi- 
circulares, Semicircular canals. 
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE, see Papillae of the 
Tongue. 
FUN'GOID, Fungo'i'des, IMyco' des, Fungifor'- 
mis, Fun'giforin, (F.) Fongo'ide, Fongiforme, from 
fungus, ' a mushroom,' and ciios, ' resemblance.' 
That which has the shape of, or grows in some 
measure like a mushroom, as the fungoid or fun- 
giform papillae of the tongue. 
Fungoid Disease, Encephaloid. 
FUNGOS'ITY, Fungos'itas, Caro luxu'rians, 
C. fungo'sa, Ecsarco'ma, Proud Flesh, Hypsersar- 
co'ma, Hypsersarco'sis, (F.) Fongosite. The qua- 
lity of that which is fungous: - fungous excres- 
cence, Excrescen'tia fungo'sa. The fungosities 
which arise in wounds or ulcers are easily re- 
pressed by gentle compression, dry lint, the sul- 
phas cupri, or other gentle caustics. At times, 
the more powerful are necessary, and sometimes 
excision is required. 
FUNGUS, Myces, (F.) Fongus, Champignon. 
The mushroom order of plants; class Cryptoga- 
mia, in the Linnaean system. In Pathology, the 
word is commonly used synonymously with fun- 
gosity, myco'sis. M. Breschet has proposed to 
restrict the term fungosity to vegetations which 
arise on denuded surfaces, and to apply the term 
fungus to the tumours which form in the sub- 
stance of the textures, without any external ulce- 
ration. Fiei and warts, for example, would be 
fungi of the skin. 
Fungus Albus Saligneus, Daedalea suaveo- 
lens-f. Articuli, Spina ventosa-f. Bleeding, Hre- 
matodes fungus-f. Cancrosus haematodes, Has- 
matodes F. - f. Cancrosus medullaris, see Ence- 
phaloid-f. Cerebralis, see Encephaloid-f. Cere- 
bri, Encephalocele-f. Chirurgorum, Lycoperdon 
-f. Cynosbati, Bedeguar-f. Haematodes, Haoma- 
393 
FURIA INFERNALIS 
todes fungus-f. Igniarius, Boletus igniarius-f. 
Larieis, Boletus laricis-f. of Malta, Cynomorion 
coccineum - f. Medullaris, see Encephaloid- f. 
Melanodes, Melanosis-f. Melitensis, Cynomorion 
coccineum-f. Petrseus marinus, Umbilicus mari- 
nus-f. Quercinus, Boletus igniarius-f. Rosarum, 
Bedeguar - f. Salicis, Daedalea. suaveolens - f. 
Sambucinus, Peziza auricula. 
FUNIC BELLOWS' SOUND, see Bellows' 
Sound, funic. 
FUNIC'ULI GRAC"ILES, Posterior Me'dian 
Columns or Fascic'uli of the medul'la oblonga'ta. 
Along the posterior border of each corpus resti- 
forme, and separated from it by a groove, is a 
narrow white cord, separated from its fellow by 
the fissura longitudinalis posterior. The pair of 
cords are the funiculi graciles. Each funiculus 
forms an enlargement-processus clavatus-at its 
upper end, and is then lost in the corpus resti- 
forme. 
Funic'uli Sii.'iqu.e. Longitudinal fibres seen 
in the groove which separates the corpus olivare 
from the corpus pyramidale and corpus restiforme. 
They enclose the base of the corpus olivare,-those 
which lie on its inner side forming the funic'ulus 
inter'nus ; and those on its outer side the funicu- 
lus externus. 
FUNICULUS, Cord-f. Externus, see Funiculi 
siliquae - f. Internus, see Funiculi siliquae - f. 
Spermaticus, Spermatic cord-f. Tympani, Chorda 
tympani. 
Funic'ulus Umbilicalis, Funis umbilica'lis, 
Intestin'ulum, Vin'culum umbilica'le, Umbilical 
cord, Navel string, diminutive of Fun is, ' a cord.' 
(F.) Cordon ombilicale. A cord-like substance, 
which extends from the placenta to the umbilicus 
of the foetus. It is composed of the chorion, am- 
nion, an albuminous secretion called the Jelly of 
the Cord, cellular substance, an umbilical vein, 
and two umbilical arteries. The former conveys 
the blood from the placenta to the foetus - the 
latter return it. All these parts are surrounded 
by a sheath - Investitu'ra seu Vagi'na funic'uli 
umbilica'lis. Its usual length is from 16 to 22 
inches. 
Funiculus Varicosus, Cirsocele. 
FUNIS, Cord, Laqueus-f. Argenteus, Medulla 
spinalis-f. Hippocratis, Achillis tendo-f. Umbi- 
licalis, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
FUNNEL, see Infundibulum. 
FUR, Enduit. 
FURCELLA, Fur'cula; diminutive of furca, 
'a fork.' The upper part of the sternum, the 
clavicle. The Fourchette. 
Furcella Inferior, Xiphoid cartilage; 
FURCHMUHL, MINERAL AV ATERS OF. 
These Bavarian springs contain carbonic acid, 
sulphuretted hydrogen, carbonates of lime and 
soda; chlorides of lime and magnesium, oxides 
of iron and magnesium, Ac. 
FURCILLA, Fourchette. 
FURCULA, Furcella, Clavicje, Fourchette. 
FUREL R UTERINE, Nymphomania. 
FURFUR, Bran, Pit'yron, Ach'yron, Apobras'- 
ma, Lemma, Cantabru'no, (F.) Son. The decoc- 
tion is sometimes employed as an emollient. 
FURFURA, Scarf. 
FURFURA'CEOUS, from furfur, 'bran.' 
Scurfy, Canica'ceous, Pithyri'nus, Pityro'ides, Pi- 
tyro'des. Resembling bran. A name given to 
eruptions, in which the epidermis is detached in 
small scales resembling bran. Also, a bran-like 
sediment observed at times in the urine;-Urina 
furfura'cea, Sedimen'tum Uri'nee pityro'ides. 
FURFURATIO, Porrigo, Pityriasis. 
FURFURISCA. Pityriasis. 
FU'RIA INFERNA'LIS. A kind of vermi- 
form insect, scarcely two lines long, common is FURIBUNDUS 
Sweden, which flies about and stings both man 
and animals, exciting the most excruciating 
torture. 
FURIBUNDUS, Maniodes. 
FURIOSUS, Maniodes. 
FURIOUS, Maniodes. 
FURMENTY, Frument. 
FURNAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
thermal chalybeate water in St. Michael's, Azores, 
which contains carbonic acid, and carbonate of 
iron. 
FURONCLE, Furunculus. 
FURONCLE GUEPIER. A malignant boil, 
nest boil, which generally attacks the 
nape and region of the neck, and rarely others 
than old people. Hence it has been called Old 
People's boil. 
FUROR, Mania-f. Brevis, Rage-f. Mania, 
Mania-f. Uterinus, Nymphomania. 
FURROW, MENTO-LABIAL, see Mento- 
labial furrow. 
FURUNCULI ATONICI, Ecthyma-f. Ven- 
triculus, see Furunculus. 
FURUN'CULUS, from furiare, 'to make mad.' 
Chi'adus, Chi'oli, Doth'ien, Dothion, Furun' cuius 
suppur ato'ri us, F. Verus, F. benig'nus, Phy ma fu- 
run'cuius, Absces'sus nuclea'tus, a furuncle, a 
boil, a bile. (F.) Furoncle, Fronde, Clou. A small 
phlegmon, which appears under the form of a 
conical, hard, circumscribed tumour, having its 
seat in the dermoid texture. At the end of an 
uncertain period, it becomes pointed, white or 
394 
GALACTOPHAGOUS 
- 
yellow, and gives exit to pus mixed with blood. 
When it breaks, a small, grayish, fibrous mass 
sometimes appears, which consists of dead areo- 
lar tissue. This is called the Core, Setfast, Ven- 
tric'ulus seu Nucleus Furun'culi, (F.) Bowbillon. 
The abscess does not heal until after its separa- 
tion. The indications of treatment are,-to dis- 
cuss by the application of leeches and warm 
fomentations;-or, if this cannot be done, to en- 
courage suppuration by warm, emollient cata- 
plasms. When suppuration is entirely established, 
the part may bo opened or suffered to break, ac- 
cording to circumstances. 
Fukunculus Gangilenosus, Anthrax-f. Ma- 
lignus, Anthrax. 
FUSEE PURULENTE, (F.) The long and 
sinuous route which pus takes, in certain cases, 
in making its way to the surface. These /'usees 
almost always form beneath the skin between the 
muscles; or along aponeuroses, bones, tendons, 
Ac. 
FUSEL OIL, see Oil, fusel. 
FUSIBLE, see Fusion. 
FUSIBILITY, see Fusion. 
FUSION, Fu'sio, Melting, Liquefaction; from 
fundere, fusum, *to melt.' In chymistry, the 
transition of a solid body into a liquid by the aid 
of heat. Substances capable of such transition 
are said to be fusible ; or to be possessed of fusi- 
bility. 
FUSTIC TREE, Cladastris tinctoria. 
FUTUTOR, Tribade. 
G. 
The Greek G, r, with the ancient Greek phy- 
sicians, signified an ounce.-Rhod. adScribonium. 
GABALLA, Cabal. 
GABELLA, Mesophryon. 
GABIR'EA, yaPipta. A fatty kind of myrrh, 
mentioned by Dioscorides. 
GASOPHAGIA, Geophagism. 
GJEOPH'AGUS, from yaia, 'earth/ and </>aya, 
'I eat' One who eats earth. 
GAGEL, Myrica gale. 
GAGUE SANG, Caque-sang. 
GAHET, Cagot. 
GAI AC, Guaiacum. 
GAILLET ACCHOCHANT, Galium aparine 
-g. Crochant, Galium aparine-g. Jaune, Galium 
verum-g. Vrai, Galium verum. 
GAtNE, Vagina or sheath-g. de I'Apophyse 
stylo'ide, Vaginal process of the temporal bone- 
g. de la veine porte, Vagina or sheath of the vena 
porta. 
GALA, yaXa, genitive yaXaxros, milk; hence: 
GALACTACRA'SIA, from yaXa, 'milk/ and 
aKpairia, ' imperfect mixture.' A morbid mixture 
or constitution of the milk. 
GALACTACRATIA, Galactia. 
GALACTJE'MIA, from yaXa, yaXaxroi, 'milk/ 
and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' A condition of the blood in 
which it contains milk. 
GALACTAGOGA, Galactopoietica. 
GALACTAPOSTEMA, Mastodynia apostema- 
tosa. 
GALAC'TIA, Galactirrhce'a, Galaetorrhoe'a, 
from yaXa, 'milk.' Laem redundan'tia, Polyga- 
lac'tia, Galactoze'mia. A redundant flow of milk, 
either in a female who is suckling, or in one who 
is live. It may occur without being provoked by 
suckling. When to a great extent, it sometimes 
causes wasting; Tabes lac'tea, T. nutri'cum. Dr. 
Good uses Galac'tia, in his Nosology, for ' morbid 
flow or deficiency of milk,' Galactacrati'a. 
GALACTICUS, Lactic. 
GALACTIFER, Galactophorous. 
GALACTINE, Casein. 
GALACTINUS, Lactic. 
GALACTIRRHffiA, Galactia. 
GALACTIS, Galaxias. 
GALACTIS'CHESIS, Galacton'cheat's, Lactin 
reten'tio, from yaXa, ' milk,' and ' to re- 
strain.' Retention or suppression of milk. 
GALACTITES, Galaxias. 
GALACTOCATARACTA, Cataract, milky. 
GALACTO'DES, from yaXa, 'milk,' and ciioy, 
'resemblance.' In Hippocrates, the term signifies 
milkwarm, and likewise a milky colour, as of the 
urine-uri'na galacto'den. 
GALACTODIAS'TA, Dia'ta lac'tea, from yaXa, 
'milk,' and Inaira, 'diet.' A milk diet. 
GALACTODIARRHCEA, Coeliac Flux. 
GALACTOGANGLION, Milk knot. 
GALACTOHAS'MIA, Galacthce' mia, from yaXa, 
'milk,' and 'mpa, 'blood:' Lactin sanguinolen'ti 
Excre'tio. The secretion of bloody or bloodlike 
milk. 
GALACTOMASTOPARECTOMA, Mastody- 
nia apostematosa. 
GALACTOM'ETER, Lactom'eter, from yaXa, 
'milk,' and pcrpov, 'measure.' An instrument 
for appreciating the quantity of cream in milk. 
It is a kind of graduated separatory or tprouvette 
-the degrees on the scale indicating the thick- 
ness of the layer of cream that forms on the sur- 
face of the milk. 
GALACTON'CUS, Tumor lac'teun, from yaXa, 
'milk,' and oynos, 'a swelling.' A milk tumour. 
GALACTOPH'AGOUS, Galactoph'ague, Lac- 
tiv'orus, sometimes used substantively; from GALACTOPHORA 
yaXa, 'milk,' and <payw, 'I eat.' That which 
feeds on milk. A name given to certain people, 
with whom milk appears to constitute the chief 
nourishment. 
GALACTOPHORA, Galactopoietica. 
GALACTOPH'OROUS, Galac'tifer, Lac'tifer, 
Lactiferous, from yaXa, ' milk,' and <j>cpu>, ' I 
carry.' That which carries milk. 
Galactoph'orous or Lactif'erous Ducts, 
are those which convey the milk, secreted by the 
mammary gland, towards the nipple, where their 
external orifices are situate. The Lacteals have 
also been so called. 
GALACTOPH'ORUS. Some accoucheurs have 
given this name to an instrument intended to fa- 
cilitate sucking, when the faulty conformation of 
the nipple prevents the child from laying hold 
of it. 
GALACTOPH'YGUS, from yaXa, 'milk,' and 
pevyeiv, ' to shun.' That which arrests or disperses 
the secretion of milk. Hence Galactoph'yya Me- 
dicamen'ta. 
GALACTOPLA'NIA, Metas'tasis seu Aberra'- 
tio seu Vice extraordina'rice lactis, Galactorrhoe.' a 
erro'nea, from yaXa, 'milk,' and irXavr,, 'wander- 
ing.' Extravasation of milk into the areolar 
membrane. Secretion of milk elsewhere than 
from the breasts. 
GALACTOPLERO'SIS, from yuXa, 'milk,' and 
jrXf/poxzif, ' repletion.' Redundance of milk. 
GALACTOPOEA, Galactopoietica. 
GALACTOPOESIS, Galactosis. 
GALACTOPOIESIS, Galactosis. 
GALACTOPOIET'ICA, Galactoph' ora, Galac- 
t ago'ya, Galactopoe'a,from yaXa, 'milk,' and witu, 
' I make.' Substances, to which has been attri- 
buted the property of favouring the secretion of 
milk and augmenting its quantity. 
GALACTOPO'SIA, from yaXa, 'milk,' and 
iroaii, ' drink.' The drinking of milk. Treat- 
ment of a disease by means of milk. 
GALACTOP'OTES, Galaetop'otus, Lacti'potor. 
Same etymon. A drinker of milk. One sub- 
jected to a milk diet. 
GALACTOPYRA, Fever, milk. 
GALACTOPYRETUS, Fever, milk. 
GALACTORRIHEA, Galactia - g. Erronea, 
Galactoplania - g. Saccharata, Saccharorrhcea 
lactea. 
GALACTOSACCHARUM, Saccharum lactis. 
GALACTOSCHESIS, Galactischesis. 
GALACTO'SIS, Galactopoie'sis, Galactopoe'- 
tis, Secre'tio lactis, from yaXasTopai, ' I am 
changed into milk.' The secretion or formation 
of milk. 
GALACTOT'ROPIlE, Galactotroph'ia, from 
yaXa, 'milk,' and rpoipri, 'nourishment.' Nou- 
rishment by means of milk. 
GALACTOZE'MIA, from yaXa, 'milk,' and 
foua,'loss.' Loss of milk. Also, Galaetia. 
GALACTU'CHOS, from yaXa, 'milk,' and 
' to have.' Suckling. Giving milk. 
GALACTURIA, Chyluria. 
GALANGA, Maranta galanga. 
GALANGAL, Maranta galanga. 
GALANGALE, Cyperus longus. 
GALARH(EUS LATHYRIS, Euphorbia la- 
thyris-g. Palustris, Euphorbia palustris. 
GALARIPS, Allamanda. 
GALAXIA, Thoracic duct. 
GALAX'IAS, Galacti'tes, Galac'tis. A milk 
stone. A stone supposed to be capable of pro- 
moting the secretion of milk. 
GALBANUM, see Bubon galbanum-g. Long- 
leaved, Bubon galbanum. 
GAL'BULUS, from yalbus, 'yellow.' A kind 
395 
GALEOPSIS 
of congenital jaundice, in which the yellow colour 
continues through life. It is rather a defect in 
colour than a disease.-Vogel. 
GALE, Myriea gale-g. Odorant, Myrica gale 
-g. Sweet, Myrica gale. 
GALE, Psora-g. Canine, Psoriasis-g. Epi- 
dtmique, Eczema - g. Miliaire, Psoriasis-g. 
Siche, Lichen, Psoriasis. 
GA'LEA. A helmet, from ya>»?, 'a cat;' of 
the skin of which it was formerly made. A name 
given to the amnios, and, also, to the bandage of 
Galen. In Pathology, it indicates a headach 
atfecting the whole head. See, also, Caul. 
Galea Aponeurot'ica Cap'itis, Ga'lea ten- 
din'ea Santori'ni, Ga'lea cap'itis, Membra'na 
epicra'nia. The tendinous expansion which 
unites the frontal and occipital portions of the 
occipito-frontalis muscle. 
GALEAMAUROSIS, Amaurotic cat's eye. 
GALEAN'CON, Galian'con, from ya\ca, 'a 
cat,' ' a weasel,' and ayicaiv, ' an elbow.' Muste- 
la'neus. One who has two short arms. 
GALEAN'THROPY, Galeanthro'pia, from 
yaAq, 'a cat,' and avfyuros, 'a man.' A variety 
of melancholy in which the patient believes him- 
self changed into a cat. An affection similar to 
lycanthropy and cynanthropy. 
GALE'GA, G. officina'lis seu vnlga'rin seu Per'- 
sica, lluta capra'ria, Goat's Rue, (F.) Rue de 
chevre, Faux Indigo. It is slightly aromatic, 
and was once used as a sudorific and alexiterial 
in malignant fevers, Ac. 
Galega Persica, Galega. 
Galega Virginia'na, Tcphro'sia Virginia'na, 
Turkey Pea, Hoary Pea, Devil's shoestrings, Vir- 
ginia Goat's rue or cat-gut, is used in some parts 
of the United States as an anthelmintic. The 
decoction of the root is given. 
Galega Vulgaris, Galega. 
GALENE, Graphites. 
GALENEA, Graphites. 
GALEN'IC, Galen'ical, Galen' icus, Gale'nius, 
from Galenus. That which relates to the doctrine 
of Galen or to Galenism. Used, substantively, foi 
drugs that are not chymical. 
Galenic Medicine, Galenism. 
GA'LENISM, Galen'ic med'icine. The doc- 
trine of Galen. 
GA'LENIST, Galenis'ta, Galenis'tes. A foL 
lower of the doctrine of Galen. 
GALENIUS, Galenic. 
GALEOBDOLON, Galeopsis. 
GALEOPDOLON, Galeopsis. 
GALEOPSIS, Lamium album. 
Galeop'sis, Galiop'sis, Galeob' dolon, Galeop'- 
dolon, La'mium rubrum, Urti'ca iners magna foe- 
tidis'sima, Stachys foe'tida, Hedge nettle, (F.) 
Ortie morte des bois. This plant was formerly 
reckoned a vulnerary and anodyne. 
Galeopsis Angustifolia, G. grandiflora g. 
Dubia, G. grandiflora. 
Galeop'sis Grandiflo'ra, G. Ochroleu'ca seu 
la'danum seu angustifo'lia seu du'bia seu pros- 
tra'ta seu villo'sa, Tetrahit longiflo'rum, G. 
Seg"etum, Herba Sideri'tidis. This plant is re- 
garded in Germany as a bitter resolvent. It is 
the basis, also, of a celebrated nostrum, the Blan- 
kenheimer Tea, called, likewise, Lieber's pectoral 
and phthisical herbs (Liebersche Brust 
oder Auszehrungs-Krauter,) which has 
enjoyed great repute in pectoral complaints. 
The tops of the plant are given in decoction, 
(§j, boiled in a pint of water for a quarter of an 
hour.) This quantity to be taken in a day. 
Galeopsis Ladanum, G. grandiflora-g.Oehro- 
leuca. G. grandiflora-g. Prostrata, G. grandiflora 
-g. Segetum, G. grandiflora. GALEROPIA 
Galeop'sis Versic'olor, is possessed of the 
same virtues. 
Galeopsis Villosa, G. grandiflora. 
GALEROPIA, Oxyopia. 
GA'LIA. An ancient composition, in which 
galls were an ingredient; the Galia pura. There 
was, also, a Galia aromat'ica, moscha'ta vel mus- 
ca'ta, which consisted of a mixture of several 
perfumes, such as musk. 
GALIANCON, Galeancon. 
GALIOPSIS. Galeopsis. 
GALIPJEA FEBRIFUGA, Cusparia fehrifuga 
-g. Officinalis, see Cusparia febrifuga. 
GALIPOT, see Pinus sylvestris. 
GA'LIUM, Gal'lium, (from yaXa, 'milk,' be- 
cause some species curdle milk.) G. verum. 
Galium Album, G. Mollugo. 
Ga'lium Apari'ne, G. infest'um seu aparino'i'- 
des seu brachycarp'on seu scaber'rimum, Valan'tia 
apari'ne, Apari'ne his'pida, Aparine, Lappa, 
Philanthro'pus, Ampelocar'pus, Omphalocar'pus, 
Ixus, Asphari'ne, Asper'ida, Goose-grass, Clea- 
ver's bees, Cleavers, Goose-share, Hayriff. Fa- 
mily, Rubiaceae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia. (F.) Gaillet accrochant, G. crochant, Grat- 
teron. The expressed juice has been given as 
an aperient diuretic in incipient dropsies; also, 
in cancer. 
Galium Aparanoides, G. aparine. 
Ga'lium Asprellum, Rough bed-straw, Rough 
ladies' bed-straw: indigenous; has the diuretic 
properties of most of its genus. 
Galium Brachycarpon, G. aparine-g. Cau- 
casicum, G. verum. 
Galium Wild Liquorice, Master 
of the Woods. An indigenous plant, which flow- 
ers from June to August. It is demulcent and 
diuretic, and is a popular domestic remedy. 
Galium Infeste, G. aparine - g. Luteum, G. 
verum. 
Galium Mollu'go, Galium album seu Tyro- 
len'se, Greater ladies' bed-straw, Alys'sum Plin'ii, 
(F.) Caillelait blane. The herb and flowers have 
been used, medicinally, in epilepsy. 
Galium Odoratum, Asperula odorata-g. Sca- 
berrimum, G. aparine. 
Ga'lium Tincto'rum, an American species, 
closely allied in properties to G. verum. 
Galium Tyrolense, G. mollugo-g. Tubercu- 
latum, g. Verum. 
Ga'lium Verum, Ga'lium, G. lu'teum seu Cau- 
ca'sicum seu tubercula'tum, Ladies' bed-straw, 
Cheese-rennet, Bed-straw, Cleavewort, Goose- 
grass, Savoyan, Clabber-grass, Milksweet, Poor 
Robin, Gravel-grass, (F.) Gaillet jaune, G. vrai, 
Vrai Caillelait. The tops were used in the cure 
of epilepsy. The leaves and flowers possess the 
property of curdling milk. 
GALL, Bile, see Eczema impetiginodes, 
Quercus infectoria, and Vitrum - g. of the earth, 
Prenanthes-g. Nut, see Quercus infectoria-g. 
of the Ox, see Bile-g. Sickness, Fever, Walche- 
ren-g. Turkey, see Quercus infectoria. 
GALL-BLADDER, Vesic'ula fellis, Ohol'e- 
cyst, Choleeys'tis, Follic'ulus fellis, Cystis fel'lea, 
Vesi'ca fellea, Vesic'ula bilis. Vesi'ca bilia'ria, 
Follic'ulus fel'leus, Cystis choled'ochus, (F.) VI- 
sicule du fiel ou Vlsicule biliaire, Reservoir de la 
bile. A membranous, pyriform reservoir, lodged 
in a superficial depression at the inferior surface 
of the right lobe of the liver. It receives, by the 
hepatic and cystic ducts, a portion of the bile 
secreted by the liver, when the stomach is empty, 
which becomes in it more acrid, bitter, and thick. 
It receives an artery, called the cystic. Its veins 
empty into the vena porta. Its nerves come from 
the hepatic plexus, and its lymphatic vessels join 
those of the liver. 
396 
GANGLIFORM 
GALLA, see Quercus infectoria- g. Maxima 
Orbiculata, see Quercus infectoria. 
GALLAS QUERCUS, see Quercus infectoria- 
g. Tinctoriaj, see Quercus infectoria-g. Turcicae, 
see Quercus infectoria. 
GALLATURA, Molecule. 
GALLI GALLINACEI CAPUT, Gallinaginis 
caput. 
GALLINAG"INIS CAPUT, Galli gallina'cei 
Caput, Caput gallina'ceum, Verumonta' num, 
Crista urethra'lis, Crete urethrale,- (Ch.,) from 
Gallinago, ' a woodcock.' An oblong, rounded 
projection, formed by the mucous membrane in 
the spongy portion of the urethra, at the sides 
of which the ejaculatory ducts open. 
GAL'LIPOT. Perhaps from gala, ' finery.' (?) 
A pot painted and glazed or merely glazed, and 
commonly used to hold medicines. 
GALLITRICHUM, Salvia sclarea. 
GALLIUM. Galium. 
GALLSTONES, Calculi, biliary. 
GALLUS, Eunuch. 
GALREDA, Gelatin. 
GALVANISATION, Galvanization. 
GAL'VANISM, Electric" ita» 
anima'lie, E. Galvan'ica vel metal'lica, Irrita- 
men'tum metallo'rum vel metal'licum, Vol'taism, 
Volta'ic or Chemical or Contact Electricity. A 
series of phenomena, consisting in sensible move- 
ments, executed by animal parts, which are en- 
dowed with irritability, when placed in connex- 
ion with two metallic plates of different nature, 
between which a communication is established 
by direct contact or by means of a metallic wire. 
Galvanism has been employed medicinally in the 
same cases as electricity, and especially in neu- 
ralgic affections. It is often applied in the form 
of plates,-" Hansford's plates." In asthma, for 
example, a small blister, the size of a dollar, may 
be placed on the neck over the course of the 
phrenic and pneumogastric nerves, and another 
on the side, in the region of the diaphragm. One 
metal is placed mediately or immediately over the 
vesicated surface on the neck, and another over 
that in the side. They are then connected by 
means of a wire. The new nervous impression, 
in this way induced, is often signallv beneficial. 
GALVANIZATION, GatoamWtio, (F.) Gal- 
vanisation. The act of affecting with galvanism. 
GALVANOPUNCTURE, Electropuncture. 
GAMBA, Patella. 
GAMBAR US, Crab. 
GAMBIER, see Nauclea gambir. 
GAMBOGIA, Cambogia. 
GAMMARUS, Crab. 
GAM'MATA FERRAMEN'TA. Cauteries, 
having the shape of the Greek letter r; which 
were used for cauterizing herniae. 
GAMMAUT. The Italians, according to Scul- 
tetus, gave this name to a kind of crooked bis- 
touri, used for opening abscesses. 
GAMMISMUS, Psammismus. 
GAMPHE, Gena. 
GAMPHELE, Gena, Maxillary Bone. 
GANGAME, Epiploon. 
GANGAMUM, Epiploon. 
GANGLIA CEREBRI POSTICA, Thalami 
nervorum opticorum-g. Formative, see Ganglion 
- g. Hemispherical, Hemispheres of the brain 
- g. of Increase, see Ganglion - g. Nervorum, 
Ganglions, nervous, see Ganglion - g. Sensory, 
see Sensory ganglia. 
GANGLIAR, Ganglionic. 
GANG'LIFORM, Gang'lioform, Ganglifor'mis. 
Having the shape of a ganglion. A name gene- 
rally given to a knot-like enlargement, in the 
course of a nerve. GANGLIOLUM 
GANGLIOLUM, Diminutive of ganglion. A 
small ganglion. 
GANG'LION, Gang'lium, 'a knot.' A name 
given to organs differing considerably from each 
other in size, colour, texture, functions, Ac. 
They are divided into glandiform, lymphatic, 
and nervous. 1. Glandiform ganglions, called 
also adenoid, vascular, and sanguineous gang- 
lions, blind, aporic, and vascular glands, glandu- 
les spur ice, &c., are organs of whose functions we 
are, in general, ignorant; and which have the 
appearance of glands. They are formed of ag- 
glomerated globules, pervaded by blood-vessels, 
surrounded by areolar membrane, and contain a 
milky or yellowish fluid. To this class belong the 
spleen, thymus, thyroid, and supra-renal glands. 
2. Lymphat'ic ganglions. See Conglobate. 3. Ner- 
vous ganglions, Ganglia seu Nodi seu Nod'uli 
Nervo'rum, Ganglio'nes, Tumo'res seu Plexus 
ganglioforni'es, Plexus glandifor'mes, Tuber'cula 
nodo'sa Nervo'rum, Divertic'ula spirituum ani- 
ma'Hum, Ganglia of increase, Form'ative gang'Ha. 
Enlargements or knots in the course of a nerve. 
They belong, in general, to the system of the 
great sympathetic. One exists on the posterior 
root of every spinal nerve, and on one cerebral,- 
the 5th. Bichat regarded them as so many small 
brains, or centres of nervous action, independent 
of the encephalon, and intended exclusively for 
organic life. Being formed by the union of the 
cerebral and spinal nerves, they may send out 
the influence of both these nervous centres to the 
parts to which the nerves proceeding from them 
are distributed. Ganglia are chiefly composed of 
vesicular neurine; and appear to be concerned 
in the formation and dispensation of nerve power. 
Ganglion. Same etymon. Emphy'ma encys'- 
tis ganglion. A globular, hard, indolent tumour, 
without change in the colour of the skin; of a 
size varying from that of a pea, to that of an egg, 
and always situate in the course of a tendon. 
The tumour is formed of a viscid, albuminous 
fluid, contained in a cyst of greater or less thick- 
ness. The cyst is sometimes loose; but in the 
majority of cases it communicates, by a narrow 
footstalk, with the sheath of a tendon, or even 
with the synovial capsule of a neighbouring arti- 
culation. The causes are generally unknown. 
The treatment consists in compression, percussion, 
the use of discutients, extirpation, or incision. 
Ganglion Abdominale, G. semilunar-g. Ade- 
noid, G. glandiform - g. of Andersch, Petrous 
ganglion - g. Annular, see Ciliary ligament-g, 
of Arnold, Oticum ganglion - g. Auricular, Oti- 
cum G.-g. Azygous, see Trisplanchnic nerve- 
g. Cardiac, Cardiac ganglion - g. Carotic or Ca- 
rotid, see Carotid or Carotic nerve - g. Caver- 
nous, see Carotid or Carotic nerve-g. Cerebelli, 
Corpus dentatum-g. Cerebral, anterior, Corpora 
striata - g. Cerebri Anterius, Corpora striata - 
g. Cerebral inferieur, grand, Thalami nervorum 
opticornm-g. Cerebral, posterior, Thalami ner- 
vorum opticorum-g. du Gervelet, Corpus denta- 
tum- g. Ciliare, Corpus dentatum-g. Ciliary, 
Ophthalmic ganglion - g. Corpuscles, see Neu- 
rine. 
Ganglion of Ehrenritter, Ganglion nervi 
glosso-pharynge'i supe'rius, G. jugula're supe'rius, 
G. Ehrenritteri sea Mnlleri. A reddish-gray mass 
on the glosso-pharyngeal nerve in the foramen 
lacerum, above the ganglion of Andersch. 
Ganglion of Gasser, Gan'glium seu Gan'- 
glion Gasseri, Moles gangliform'is, Intumescen'- 
tia gangliform'is seu semiluna'ris, Tce'nia nervo'- 
sa Halleri. A semicircular knot on the 5th pair 
of nerves, before its division into three branches. 
Ganglion, Glandiform, see Ganglion - g. 
Globules, see Neurine-Impar, see Trisplanchnic 
397 
GANGRENE 
nerve-g. Jugulare superius, G. of Ehrenritter-g. 
Laiteux, Milk-knot-g. of Laumonier, see Carotid 
or Carotic nerve-g. Lenticular, G. ophthalmic-• 
g. Lymphatic, Conglobate gland - y. Maxillo- 
tympanique, Oticum G. - g. of Meckel, Spheno- 
palatine G. - g. Mulleri, G. of Ehrenritter - g. 
Nasopalatine, see Nasopalatine ganglion - g. 
Nervi glosso-pharyngei superius, G. of Ehrenrit- 
ter- g. Ophthalmic, see Ophthalmic ganglion - 
g. Optic, Quadrigemin a tubercula-g. Orbitar, G. 
ophthalmic-g. Oticum, Oticum G.-g. Petrosal, 
see Petrous ganglion. 
Ganglion of the Pneumogas'tric. A gan- 
glionic structure in the pneumogastric as it passes 
through the foramen lacerum posterius. 
Ganglion of Ribes. A nervous ganglion upon 
the anterior communicating artery of the brain, 
and to be found at the point of junction of the 
right and left trunks of the sympathetic. 
Ganglion, Sanguineous, G. glandiform - g. 
Sensory, see Sensory ganglia - g. Solare, G. 
scmilunare-g. Sphenoidal, Sphenopalatine gan- 
glion-g. Splanchnicum, G. semilunare - g. Su- 
pirieur du cerveau (grand,') Corpora striata - g. 
of the Superior Laryngeal Branch, see Pneumo- 
gastric nerves-g. S'urrtnal, G. semilunare - g. 
Thyroid, see Trisplanchnic nerve - g. Transver- 
sum, G. semilunare-g. Vascular, G. glandiform 
- g. Vertebral, see Trisplanchnic nerve - g. de 
Vieussens, Coeliac plexus. 
GANGLIONARY, Ganglionic. 
GANGLIONES GANGLIOFORMES, Gan- 
glions, nervous. 
GANGLION'IC, Ganglion'ieus, Gan'ylionary, 
Gan'gliar. Relating to ganglia. Nerves are so 
called in the course of which ganglions are met 
with; as the greater part of the branches of the 
great sympathetic or trisplanchnic, the posterior 
roots of the spinal nerves, <fcc. Ganglionics, ac- 
cording to Dr. Pereira, are agents, which affect 
the ganglionic or great sympathetic system of 
nerves/?)-as stimulants and sedatives. 
Ganglionic Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve-g. 
Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
GANGLIONI'TIS, Ganylii'tis, from yayyXiov, 
' a ganglion,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of a nervous ganglion. Sometimes 
used for inflammation of a lymphatic ganglion. 
Ganglionitis Peripherica et Medullaris, 
Cholera. 
GANGLIUM, Ganglion-g. Gasseri, Ganglion 
of Gasser. 
GANGRAi'NA ALOPECIA, Alopecia-g. Ca- 
ries, Caries-g. Nosocomiorum, Hospital gangrene 
-g. Oris, Cancer aquaticus-g. Ossis, Spina veu- 
tosa-g. Ossium, Caries-g. Pottii, see Gangrene, 
and Gangrene of old people - g. Pulmonum, 
Necropneumonia - g. Senilis, Gangrene of old 
people - g. Sphacelus, Sphacelus - g. Tonsilla- 
rum, Cynanche maligna - g. Ustilaginea, Ergo- 
tism-g. Vaginae, Colpocace. 
GANGRASNESCENTIA, Gangraenosis. 
GANGRA3NICUS, Gangrenous. 
GANGRA3N0DES, Gangrenous. 
GANGRJENOPS'IS, Cancer aquaticus; also, 
gangrenous inflammation of the eyelids, Blepha- 
ri'tis gangra~no'sa.-Siebenhaar. 
GANGRJENO'SIS, Gangraneicen'tia, from 
yayypaii'a, 'gangrene.' The state of being gan- 
grenous or of becoming gangrenous. 
GANGRASNOSUS, Gangrenous. 
GANGRENE, Gangrce'na, Cancre'na, Hot mor- 
tification, (F.) Gangrene, G. Chaude, Asphyxie dee 
parties. Privation of life or partial death of an 
organ. Authors have generally distinguished 
mortification into two stages; naming the first 
incipient or gangrene. It is attended with a sud- 
den diminution of feeling in the part affected; GANGRENE 
livid discoloration; detachment of the cuticle, 
under which a turbid fluid is effused; with crepi- 
tation, owing to the disengagement of air into 
the areolar texture. When the part has become 
quite black, and incapable of all feeling, circula- 
tion, and life, it constitutes the second stage, or 
♦norti/Jcatwn, and is called sphac"elus. Gangrene, 
however, is frequeutly used synonymously with 
mortification, - local asphyxia being the term 
employed for that condition, in which the parts 
are in a state of suspended animation, and, con- 
sequently, susceptible of resuscitation. When the 
part is filled with fluid entering into putrefaction, 
the affection is called humid gangrene, (F.) Gan- 
grene humi.de: on the other hand, when it is dry 
and shrivelled, it constitutes dry gangrene; (F.) 
Gangrene stche. To this class belongs the gan- 
grce'na seni'lis, G. Pot'tii, Presbyos})hac"elus, or 
spontaneous gangrene of old people, which rarely 
admits of cure. Whatever may be the kind of 
gangrene, it may be caused by violent inflamma- 
tion, contusion, a burn, congelation, the ligature 
of a large arterial trunk, or by some internal 
cause inappreciable to us. 
The treatment, both of external and internal 
gangrene, varies.according to the causes which 
produce it. Gangrene from excessive inflamma- 
tion is obviated by antiphlogistics ; and that from 
intense cold by cautiously restoring the circula- 
tion by cold frictions, &c. When the gangrene 
has become developed, the separation of the 
eschars must be encouraged by emollient appli- 
cations, if there be considerable reaction; or by 
tonics and stimulants, if the reaction be insuffi- 
cient. 
Gangrene, Hospital, see Hospital, Gangrene 
-g. of the Lungs, Necropneumonia. 
GANGRENE DE LA BOUCHE, Cancer 
aquaticus - g. Chaude, Gangrene - g. Froide 
Sphacelus-g. Humide, see Gangrene-g. Siche, 
see Gangrene-g. Hopital, Hospital gangrene - 
g. du Poumon, Necropneumonia-g. des Solonois, 
Ergotism. 
GAN'GRENOUS, Gangra'nicus,Gangr<eno'sus, 
Gang roeno'des. Affected with or relating to gan- 
grene. 
GAN JAH, Gunjah. 
GANTELET (F.), Chirothe'ca, Fas'cia digi- 
ta'lis, Gauntlet; from (F.) gant, 'a glove.' A 
sort of bandage which envelops the hand and 
fingers, like a glove. It is made with a long 
roller, about an inch broad; and is applied so 
that the fingers are covered to their tips, when 
it is called Gantelet entier ou complet. The Demi- 
gantelet includes only the hand and base of the 
fingers. Both bandages are used in fractures and 
luxations of the fingers, burns of the hand, &c. 
See Chirotheca. 
GANTS DES DAMES, Condom-g. de Notre 
Dame, Digitalis. 
GAPING, Yawning. 
GAR ANGE, Rubia. 
GARCIN'IA CAMBO'GIA, G.gutta, Cambogia 
gutta, Mangosta'na Cambogia. A tree of Ceylon, 
Family Guttiferae, which affords a concrete juice 
similar to Gamboge. 
Garcinia Gutta, G. Cambogia. 
Garcin'ia Mangosta'na, Mangosta'na Gar- 
cin'ia. The systematic name of the Mangos'tan 
or Mangous'tan tree, Mangosta'na. It grows in 
great abundance in Java and the Molucca islands. 
The fruit, which is about the size of an orange, is 
delicious, and is eaten in almost every disorder. 
The dried bark is used medicinally in dysentery 
and tenesmus; and a strong decoction has been 
much esteemed in ulcerated sore throat. 
GARDE-MALADE, Nurse. 
GARDEN OBE, Artemisia abrotanum.. 
398 
GAS 
GARDEROBES, Faeces. 
GARDINER'S ALIMENTARY PREPARA- 
TION, see Oryza. 
GARDOUCHES, Vesiculm seminales. 
GARETUM, Poples. 
GARGALISMUS, Gargalus. 
GAR'GALUS, Gar'gale, Gargalie'mue, Titil- 
la'tio, Irrita'tio, Prwi'tua. Titillation, irrita- 
tion, itching. Also, masturbation; and, rarely, 
animal magnetism. 
GARGAREON, Uvula. 
GARGARISATIO, Gargarism. 
GAR'GARISM, Gargarig'mug, Gargarie'ma, 
Anagargalic'ton, Gargarig'mum, Collu'tio, Dia- 
clyg'ma, Anagargarie' ton, Anagargariem'ug, Ana- 
conchylig'mug, Anaconchylias'mug, Titillamen'tum, 
from ' I wash the mouth.* A gargle. 
Any liquid medicine, intended to be retained in 
the mouth, for a certain time, and to be thrown 
in contact with the uvula, velum pendulum, ton- 
sils, Ac. For this purpose, the liquid is agitated 
by the air issuing from the larynx, the head 
being thrown back. Gargles are employed in 
cynanche tonsillaris and other diseases of the 
fauces, and are made of stimulants, sedatives, 
astringents, refrigerants, Ac., according to cir- 
cumstances. 
The process is termed gargling, gargariga'tio. 
The term colluto'rium or collutorium orig is ge- 
nerally restricted to a wash for the mouth. 
GARGET, Phytolacca decandra. 
GARGLE, Gargarism. 
GARGLING, see Gargarism. 
GARGOUILLEMENT, Borborygmus, Gur- 
gling. See Rale muqueux. 
GARLIC, Allium-g. Hedge, Alliaria. 
GAROSMUM, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
GAROU BARK, Daphne gnidium. 
GARRETUM, Poples. 
GARROPHYLLUS, Eugenia caryophyllata. 
GARROT (F.), from garotter, 'to tie fast.* 
A small cylinder of wood, used for tightening 
the circular band, by which the arteries of a limb 
are compressed, for the purpose of suspending 
the flow of blood in cases of hemorrhage, aneu- 
rism, amputation, Ac. 
GARROTILLO, Cynanche maligna. 
GARRULITAS, Loquacity. 
GARU'LEUM BIPINNA'TUM. A South Afri- 
can plant, Nat. Ord. Composite ; known under 
the name Snakeroot, from its reputed effects as 
an antidote to the bites of venomous serpents. 
The root is a great favourite with the Boers in 
chest diseases - as asthma-and in affections in 
which a free secretion from the mucous membrane 
of the bronchia is indicated. It has diaphoretic 
properties, and acts as a diuretic in gout and 
dropsy. It is given in decoction or tincture. Dr. 
Pappe thinks the root ought to have a place in 
the Materia Medica. 
GARUM, yapov. The ancient Romans gave 
this name to a kind of pickle made by collecting 
the liquor which flowed from salted and half- 
putrefied fish. It was used as a condiment.-The 
Geoponicg, Humelberg on Apicius, Martial, Ac. 
GAS, see Gaz - g. Ammoniacale, Ammonia- 
g. Animale sanguinis, G. sanguinis-g. Azoticum, 
Azote - g. Azoticum oxygenatum, Nitrogen, ga- 
seous oxide of-g. Hepaticum, Hydrogen, sul- 
phuretted - g. Hydrogenium sulphuretum, Hy- 
drogen, sulphuretted-g. Intoxicating, Nitrogen, 
gaseous oxide of-g. Laughing, Nitrogen, gaseous 
oxide of- g. of the Lungs, Gas, pulmonary-g. 
Nitrous, dephlogisticated, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide 
of - g. Oxygenated muriatic acid, Chlorine - g. 
Oxymuriatic acid, Chlorine-g. Palustre, Miasm, GASCARILLA 
marsh - g. Paradise, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of 
-g. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid. 
GASCARILLA, Croton cascarilla. 
GASTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Gastein or Gasteiner Wildbad is in the Noric 
Alps, Austria. The waters are thermal. Temp. 
106° to 118° Fah. They contain sulphate of 
soda, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, 
carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime, magnesia, 
manganese, iron, &e. 
GASTER, yaa-nip. The abdomen. At times, 
but rarely, the uterus. Also, the stomach, in 
particular; Hence: 
GASTERALGIA, Gastralgia. 
.GASTERANAX. A name given by Dolaeus 
to a hypothetical vital principle, corresponding 
to the Archaeus of Van Helmont, the seat of 
which he placed in the lower belly. See Bithni- 
malca. 
GASTERANGEMPHRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 
GASTERANGIEMPHRAX'IS, Gasterangem- 
phrax'is, Gasteremphrax'is. Obstruction of the 
pylorus, from yaarr/p, 'stomach,' 'I stran- 
gle,'and ep<ppaaau>, 'I obstruct.'-Vogel. Also, 
and properly, obstruction or congestion of the 
vessels of the stomach. 
GASTERASE, Pepsin. 
GASTERASTHENI'A, Imbecil'itas sen Aton'ia 
seu Lax'itas ventric'uli; from yaarrjp, 'stomach, 
and aadcvcia, 'debility.' Debility of the stomach. 
GASTERECHE'MA, Son'itus stomach'icus; 
from yaarnp, ' the stomach,' and ' sound.' 
Sound presumed to be heard on auscultating the 
region of the stomach. 
GASTEREMPIIRAXIS, Gasterangiem- 
phraxis. 
GASTERHYSTEROTOMY,Caesarean Section. 
GASTRAS'MIA; from yaarr/p, 'the stomach,' 
and 'aipa, 'blood.' Determination of blood to 
the stomach. 
GASTRALGIA, Cardialgia. 
GASTRANEURYSMA, Gastrectasis. 
GASTRATROPH'IA, from yaarnp, 'the sto- 
mach,' and arpotpia, ' wasting.' Atrophy of the 
stomach. 
GASTREC'TASIS, Gastrecta'sia, Gastraneu- 
rys'ma, Dilata'tio ventric'uli: from yaarnp, 'the 
stomach,' and tKraaij, ' dilatation.' Dilatation 
of the stomach. 
GASTRELCOBROSIS, Gastrobrosis ulcerosa. 
GASTRELCO'SIS, Ulcera'tio seu Exulcera'tio 
seu Vl'cera ventric'uli, from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' 
and 'cXxuiais, 'ulceration.' Ulceration of the sto- 
mach. When accompanied with hectic, it con- 
stitutes Gastrophthi'sis, Gastroph'thoe. 
GASTRELYTROTOMIA, see Caesarean Sec- 
tion. 
GASTRENCEPHALO'MA, Gastromyelo'ma, 
Gastromyelo'sis,Gastroencephalo'sis; from yaarnp, 
'the stomach,' and 'the brain.' En- 
rephaloid of the stomach. 
GASTRENCHYTA, Stomach pump. 
GASTRENTERIC, Gastroentericus. 
GASTRENTERITIC, Gastroenteritic. 
GASTRENTEROMALA'CIA, Gastrenteroma- 
lax'is, from yaarrip, 'stomach,' tvrcpov, 'intestine,' 
and yaXaKia, 'softening.' Softening of the sto- 
mach and intestines. 
GASTREPATICUS, Gastrohepatic. 
GASTREPATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ventric'uli 
et liep'atis; from yaarrip, 'stomach,' and 'rprrap, 
'liver.' Inflammation of the stomach and liver. 
GASTREPIPLOICUS, Gastroepiploic. 
GASTREREI HIS'IAj from yaarrip, 'sto- 
399 
GASTRO-ARTIIRITIS 
mach,' and ipiOifa, 'I irritate.' Irritation of the 
stomach. 
GASTRIC, Gas'tricus ; from yaarr/p, 'the sto- 
mach.' Belonging or relating to the stomach. 
Gastric Ar'teries are three in number, Ar- 
te'ria gastro-epiplo'icadextra, A. gastro-epiploi'- 
ca sinis'tra, and A. corona'ria ventri'cnli. 
Gastric Juice, Succus gas'tricus, Men'struum 
seu Fermentum Ventric'uli, (F.) Nuc Gastrique, 
Gastric Acid. A fluid, secreted from the mucous 
membrane of the stomach. As met with, it is a 
mixture of the fluids secreted by that organ with 
those of the supra-diaphragmatic portion of the 
alimentary canal. Owing to such admixture, the 
most contrary properties have been assigned to 
it. That such a fluid is secreted, which concurs 
powerfully in digestion, is evident from many 
considerations, and has been positively proved 
by the author and numerous others. It was found 
by him to contain, in man, chlorohydric and acetic 
acids. The gastric fluid in cases of sudden death 
sometimes corrodes and perforates the stomach : 
giving rise to interesting questions in medical 
jurisprudence. 
Gastric Nerves. The two cords by which 
the pneumogastric nerves terminate, and which 
descend on the two surfaces of the stomach ; as 
well as the filaments of the great sympathetic, 
which accompany the gastric vessels. 
Gastric Plexus, Plexus corona'rius ventri'- 
culi. A nervous net-work, formed by the solar 
plexus. It accompanies the Arteria coronaria 
ventriculi, and passes along the lesser curvature 
of the stomach, to which it gives branches. 
Gastric Veins follow the same distribution 
as the arteries, and open into the Vena porta ab- 
dominis. 
GAS'TRICISM, Gastritis'mus, from yaarnp, 
'the stomach.' A name by which is designated 
the medical theory, that refers all, or almost all, 
diseases to an accumulation of saburraj in the 
digestive passages. 
GASTHILOQUE, Engastrimyth. 
GASTRILOQUIST, Engastrimyth. 
GASTRILOQUUS, Engastrimyth. 
GASTRIMARGUS, Glutton. 
GASTRINUM, Potash. 
CASTRISMUS, Gluttony, see Saburra. 
GASTRIT'IC, Gastrit'icus; same etymon as 
the rest. Relating to gastritis. 
GASTRI'TIS, from yaaryp, 'the stomach,' and 
itis, denoting inflammation. Ventric'uli inflam- 
ma'tio, Cauma gastritis, Empres'ma gastritis, In- 
flamma'tio gastritis, Cardial'gia inflammato'ria, 
Febris stomach'ica inflammato'ria, Inflamma'tio 
ventric'uli, I. stom'achi, Phleg'mone ventric'uli, 
Inflammation of the stomach, (F.) Inflammation 
de VEstomac, Gastrite, Catarrhe gastrique. A 
disease, characterized by pyrexia; great anxiety; 
heat and pain in the epigastrium, increased by 
taking any thing into the stomach; vomiting 
and hiccup. Gastritis may either be seated in 
the peritoneal or mucous coat. It is most fre- 
quently in the latter-Esogastri'tis, Endogastri'- 
tis, Gastromycoderi'tis, - being excited directly 
by aerid ingesta. It requires the most active 
treatment; - bleeding, blistering, fomentations, 
diluents, Ac. Some degree of inflammation of 
the mucous coat of the stomach was considered by 
the followers of Broussais to be present in almost 
all fevers; and the various forms of dyspepsia 
have been supposed by some to be nothing more 
than chronic endogastri'tis. 
Gastritis Arthritica, Coeliagra. 
GASTR0-ARTHRITIS, Gout-g. Ataxia, 
Dyspepsia-g. Atonia, Dyspepsia-g. Bronchitis, 
Fever, adenomeningeal-g. Enterite intense Sy- GASTR0BR0SI8 
nocha-<7. Entlrite, with nervous affection of the 
brain, see Typhus-g. Enteritis, follicular, Dothi- 
nenteritis; see Typhus. 
GASTROBRO'SIS, Perfora'tio centric'uli, 
Gastrorrhex'is, (F.) Perforation de I'Estomac ; 
from yaaryp, 'the stomach,' and (Ipwais, 'the act 
of gnawing.' Corrosion and perforation of the 
stomach. 
Gastrobro'sis Ulcero'sa, Gastrelcobro'sis. 
Destruction and perforation of the coats of the 
stomach by ulceration. 
GASTROCE'LE, from yairrr/p, 'the belly,' and 
' a tumour.' Hernia of the stomach, Hernia 
centric'uli, (F.) Hernie de V Estomac. Hernia, 
formed by the stomach through the upper part 
of the linea alba: a disease, the existence of 
which has been doubted by many. See Epigas- 
trocele* 
GASTRO-CEPHALFTIS; from yaarnp, 'the 
stomach,' Kc<paXiq, ' head,' and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the stomach and 
head,-a not uncommon concomitant of certain 
malignant fevers. 
GASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, gastric. 
GASTROCNEME, Sura. 
GASTROCNEMIA, Sura. 
GASTROCNE'MII, from yaarr/p, 'the belly,' 
and Kv>mn, ' the leg.' The name of the two fleshy 
masses which occupy the posterior and superficial 
part of the leg, Gemelli ; (F.) Gastrocntmiens, Ju- 
meaux de la jambe, Rifimoro-calcaniens-(Ch. :) 
the two constituting the Gastrocne'mins exter'nus, 
of English anatomists. These muscles are dis- 
tinguished into internal and external, which are 
distinct above, but united at their inferior ex- 
tremity. They are long, flat, and thick; and 
arise-the former from the posterior part of the 
outer condyle of the femur; the latter, from the 
posterior part of the inner condyle of the same 
bone. The aponeurosis, which unites these 
muscles below, joins with that of the Solaris, and 
forms with it, a large tendon, which, under the 
name Tendo-Achillis, is inserted at the posterior 
part of the calcaneum. These muscles extend 
the foot on the leg, and the leg on the foot. They 
can, also, bend the leg and the thigh reciprocally 
on each other. For the Gastrocnemius interims, 
see Soleus. 
GASTROCNEMIUM, Sura. 
GASTROC(ELIACUS, Coeliac. 
GASTROCCELICUS, Cceliac. 
GASTROCOLIC, see Epiploon, gastrocolic. 
GASTROCOLICA, Cardialgia. 
GASTROCOLI'TIS, from yaartip, 'stomach,' 
and kuXov, 'colon.' Inflammation of the stomach 
and colon. 
GASTROCOLPOTOMIA, see Caesarean sec- 
tion. 
GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymus, Symphyo- 
yas'trius, Psod'ymus; from yaarnp, 'the belly,' 
and bd>vpo$, ' a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
twins are united by the abdomen. 
GASTRODUODE'NAL, Gastroduodena'lis ,• 
from yaarcp, ' stomach,' and duodenum. Relating 
to the stomach and duodenum. 
GASTRODUODENOPYRA, Fever, adeno- 
meningeal. 
GASTRODYNE, Cardialgia. 
GASTRODYNIA, Cardialgia - g. Flatulenta, 
Colica flatulenta. 
GASTROENTER'IC, GastroentePicus, Gas- 
trenter'ic, Gastrenter'icus, from yaarrip, 'the sto- 
mach,' and cvrrpov, ' intestine.' Relating to the 
stomach and inte-tine. 
GASTROENt£ RITE, Gastroenteritis. 
G ASTRO ENTERI T'l C, Gastrocnterit'icus, 
GASTROPERIODYNIA 
Gastrenterit'ic, Gastrenterit'icus ; same etymon 
as the next. Relating to gastroenteritis. 
G ASTROENTERI'TIS, Injtamma'tio ventric'- 
uli et Intestino'rum, (F.) Gastro-entSrite, Gastro- 
enter'ic disease, from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' ivrt- 
pov, 'an intestine,' and itis, a suffix denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the stomach and 
small intestine. According to Broussais, the 
essential fevers of authors are gastro-enteritis, 
simple, or complicated. 
GASTROEPIP'LOIC, Gastro-epiplo'icus, Gas- 
trepiploicus, from yaarrjp, 'the stomach,' and 
cirinhoov, ' the epiploon.' That which relates to 
the stomach and epiploon. 
Gastroepiploic Arteries, or Gastric inferior, 
are two in number, and distinguished into right 
and left. The right, also called Gastro-hepatic, 
Gas'trica inferior dextra, Gastro-epiplo'ica dex- 
tro, is furnished by the hepatic artery. ' It de- 
scends behind the pylorus, and passes from right 
to left, along the great curvature of the stomach. 
It gives branches to the pancreas, duodenum, 
stomach, omentum majus, and terminates by an- 
astomosing with the Gastro-epiplo'ica sinis'tra, 
Gas'trica sinis'tra, Gas'trica iufe'rior sinis'tra. 
This - the left - arises from the splenic artery. 
It is of considerable magnitude, and passes from 
left to right, along the great curvature of the 
stomach, distributing its branches more particu- 
larly to the stomach and omentum majus. It 
terminates by joining the right gastro-epiploic. 
Gastroepiploic Ganglions are the lymphatic 
ganglions or glands, situate towards the great 
curvature of the stomach, between the two ante- 
rior laminae of the omentum majus. 
Gastroepiploic Veins are distinguished, like 
the arteries, into right and left. They empty 
themselves;-the former, into the superior me- 
senteric: the latter, into the splenic vein. 
GASTR01LEM0RRIIAGIA, Ihcmatemesis. 
GASTROIIEPAT'IC, Gastro-hepat'icus, Hep'- 
ato-gas'tricus, Gastrepat'icus; from yaarnp, 'the 
stomach,' and 'nnap, 'the liver.' Relating to 
the stomach and liver. This name has been 
given to several organs. See Epiploon, gastro- 
hepatic, &c. 
GASTROHYSTEROTOMY, Caesarean section. 
GASTROLIENALIS, Gastrosplenicus. 
GASTROLITIII'ASIS, from yaernp, ' the sto- 
mach,' and Xdhaais, 'formation of stone.' The 
formation of concretions, gastrol'ithi, in the sto- 
mach. 
GASTROMALACIA, Gastromalaxia. 
GASTROMALAX'IA, Gastro -mala'cia, Gas- 
tromalaco'sis, Malacogas'tcr, Sfalax'is ventric'uli, 
Dissolu'tio ventric'uli, Emollit"io ventric'uli, 
Pseudophlogo'sis ventric'uli resolnti'va et colli- 
quati'va, Metamorpho'sis ventric'uli gelatinifor'- 
mis, Ero'sio et perfora'tio sponta'nea ventric'uli, 
Resolu'tioct diabro'sis ventric'uli, (F.) Ramollisse- 
ment de VEstomac, fro® yaarnp, ' the stomach/ 
and ' softening.' Softening of the sto- 
mach, induced at times by the gastric secretions 
after death,-Resolu'tio ventric'uli autopeptica. 
GASTROMANTIS, Engastrimyth. 
GASTROMETROTOMIA, Caesarean section. 
GASTROMYCODERIS, see Stomach. 
GASTROMYCODERITIS, see Gastritis. 
GASTROMYELOMA, Gastroencephaloma. 
GASTRONOSUS, Gastropathia. 
G ASTROP AR AL' Y SIS, Gastrople'gia, Paral'- 
ysis ventric'uli; from yaarnp, 'the stomach,' and 
napaXvcif, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the stomach. 
GASTROP'ATHY, Gastropathi'a, Gastron'- 
osus, Gastronu'sus, from yaarrip, 'the stomach/ 
and iraO.is, 'disease.' Disease of the stomach. 
GASTROPERIODYN'IA; Sool (India.) A 
400 GASTROPHRENIC 
violent periodical neuralgic pain at the pit of the 
stomach, not uncommon in Hindoostan. 
GASTROPIIREN'IC, (rcwtro-pAren'icu*, from 
yaarrjp, 'the stomach,' and </>pcvcs, ' the diaphragm.' 
Belonging to the stomach and diaphragm. 
Gastrophrenic Ligament is a reflection of the 
peritoneum, which descends from the inferior sur- 
face of the diaphragm to the cardia. 
GASTROPHTHISIS, Gastrelcosis. 
GASTROPHTHOE, Gastrelcosis. 
GASTROPLEGIA, Gastroparalysis. 
GASTROR'APHY, Gastrorrha'phia, Gastror'- 
rhaphe, Sutu'ra abdomino.'lit, from yaori/p, 'the 
belly,' and f>a</>r), ' a suture.' The suture used for 
uniting wounds penetrating the abdomen, when 
they are too extensive or too unequal to be kept 
in contact by position, adhesive plaster, or ap- 
propriate bandages. The interrupted and quilled 
sutures are those chiefly employed. 
GASTRORRHAGIA, Ilaematemesis. 
GASTRORRHEXIS, Gastrobrosis. 
GASTRORRIICE'A,from 'the stomach,' 
and prw, 'I flow.' Blennorrhoe'a seu Fluxut ren- 
tric'uli, (F.) Flux muqueux de Vettomac, Catarrhe 
ttomacal. A morbid condition of the stomach, 
which consists in the secretion of an excessive 
quantity of mucus from the lining membrane of 
the stomach. Also, Coeliac flux. 
GASTROSCIR'RHUS, Indura'tio ventric'uli 
ecirrho'ta, Scirrhut seu carcino'ma ventric'uli. 
Scirrhous induration or cancer of the stomach. 
GASTROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia. 
GASTRO'SIS. A generic name for diseases 
which are seated in the stomach.-Alibert. 
GASTROSPLE'NIC, Gattrosple'nicus, Gastro- 
liena'lis, from yacrrjp, 'stomach,' and rtlrpi, 'the 
spleen.' Relating to stomach and spleen. 
GASTROSTENOSIS, Stricture of the sto- 
mach. 
Gastrostenosis Cardi'aca et Pylor'ica; 
from yaorifp, 'the stomach,' and ctcvoj, 'narrow.' 
Narrowness of the cardiac and pyloric orifices of 
the stomach from cancer of that organ. 
GASTROT'OMY, from ya<rr»/p, 'the belly,' and 
tout), 'incision.' Several different operations 
have been so called. 1. The Caesarean Section. 
2. An incision made into the abdomen for the 
purpose of removing some internal strangulation 
or volvulus ; or to reduce hernia, Laparot'omy: 
and, 3. The opening made in the stomach, to re- 
move a foreign body which has passed into it 
through the oesophagus. 
GASTRYPERNEU'RIA, from ya<rrt;p, 'sto- 
mach,' 'uirtp, ' above,' and vcvpov, ' a nerve.' Mor- 
bidly increased activity of the nerves of the 
Stomach. 
GATEAU FEBRILE, Ague cake. 
GATTILIER, Vitex. 
GAUDIA FCEDA, Masturbation. 
GAULTHE'RIA, G. seu Gualthe'ria procum'- 
bens, Gautie'ra repent. Mountain Tea, Partridge 
Berry, Berried Tea, Grouseberry, Deerberry, Spice 
berry, Tea berry,Red berry, Wintergreen,Red berry 
Tea,Ground berry, Ground ivy, Ground holly, Hill 
berry, Box berry, Chequer berry. An American 
plant, which is one of the principle articles of 
the materia medica of some Indian tribes. The 
infusion of the leaves is stimulant and anodyne, 
and is said to have been used, with advantage, 
in asthma. The oil - Oleum Gaultheria, Ph. 
U. S.,-is used, chiefly on account of its pleasant 
flavour, to cover the taste of other medicines. 
GAUNTLET, Gantelet. 
GAUQUAVA, Smilax Chir.j. 
GAUTIERA REPENS, Gaultberia. 
401 
GELASINI 
- 
GAY FEATHER, Liatris spicata. 
GA YA0, Guaiacum. 
GAYLUSSAC'IA RESINO'SA, Vaccin'ium re- 
sino'sum, Black Huckleberry. An indigenous 
plant, whose fruit is sweet and agreeable. 
GAZ, Gas, Air. Van Ilelmont first designated 
by this name, - the etymology of which is un- 
known,- the carbonic acid developed in the vi- 
nous fermentation. Afterwards, the term was 
appropriated to every permanently elastic fluid; 
that is, which preserves its aeriform state at all 
temperatures : and ultimately it was extended to 
all aeriform bodies ; - which were divided into 
permanent and non-permaent gazes. The latter 
are generally termed vapours:-they return to 
the liquid state, when a portion of their caloric is 
abstracted. The permanent gazes, or gazes pro- 
perly so called, are numerous, and may be di- 
vided into four sections with regard to their 
effects on the animal economy. 
1. Irrespirable 
gazes. 
Carbonic acid, ammoniacal 
gaz, muriatic acid gaz, 
deutoxide of azote, nitrous 
acid gaz, and chlorine. 
2. Negatively dele- 
terious gazes. 
Hydrogen, azote. 
Oxygen, protoxide of azote, 
carburetted hydrogen, car- 
bonic oxide, sulphuretted 
hydrogen, and arseniuret- 
ted hydrogen. 
3. Positively dele- 
terious gazes. 
It is proper to remark that the term respirable 
has been very differently employed by different 
writers. Sometimes it has meant the power of 
supporting life when applied to the blood in the 
lungs. At others, all gazes have been deemed 
irrespirable, which are incapable of being intro- 
duced into the lungs by voluntary efforts,-with- 
out any relation to their power of maintaining 
vitality; and this is perhaps the best sense. The 
gazes were, at one time, employed in medicine, 
under great expectations, - especially by the en- 
thusiastic Beddoes; but they are now scarcely 
ever had recourse to. They differ, considerably, 
in their effects on the animal economy. Some, 
as oxygen, are exciting; others, as azote, de- 
pressing ; whilst others, again, as the Protoxide 
of azote or laughing gas, produce the most sin- 
gular effects. 
Gaz, Pui/monary, Gaz of the lunge. A name 
given to the expired air; which contains-besides 
common air, an increase of carbonic acid, water, 
and some animal matter. 
Gaz Sang'uinis, Gaz anima'le san'guinis, Hal'- 
itus san'guinis, Aura san'guinis, Htemat'mus. 
The halitus, or vapour, given off by freshly 
drawn blood. 
GAZELLE, Antilopus. 
GEANT, Giant. 
GEB AR PULVER, Ergot. 
GEDE'OLA. The convex part of the liver.-- 
Du Cange. 
GEILNAU, MINERAL WATERS OF. Geil- 
nau is a village in the grand duchy of Nassau, at 
no great distance from Frankfort. The waters 
contain carbonic acid, carbonate, sulphate, and 
phosphate of soda, chloride of sodium, carbonate 
of lime, magnesia, and iron. 
GEISMAR, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
mineral waters of Geismar, in Bavaria, are aci- 
dulous chalybeates. 
GEISUM, Geieon. The part of the frontal 
bone over the eyes. 
GELAPPIUM, Convolvulus jalapa. 
GELASINI DENTES, Incisive teeth. 3 GELASMUS 
GELASMUS, Canine laugh. 
GEL'ATIN, Gel'atine, Gelatina, Galreda, from 
(F.) Gelee, 'gelly or jelly.' An immediate ani- 
mal principle. It is semitransparent, insipid, in- 
odorous, insoluble in cold water, very soluble in 
hot, which it thickens, and transforms into gelly 
on cooling. Gelatin is a very nutritious sub- 
stance ; and, when dissolved in a considerable 
quantity of water, forms an emollient fluid, much 
used in therapeutics, but not the most easy of 
digestion. 
Gelatin of Wharton, Gelatina Whartonia'na, 
Jelly of tee Cord. A soft, dense, fluid, gelatinous 
substance, which envelops the umbilical cord, and 
is conceived, by some, to be inservient to the nu- 
trition of the foetus. 
GELATINA AQUATICA, Brasenia hydro- 
peltis. 
GELATIO, Congelation. 
GELEE, Gelly. 
GELLY. Jelly, Jus gela'tum, Gelu, Jus coagu- 
la'tum, (F.) Gelee. A substance of a soft con- 
sistence, tremulous, and transparent, which is 
obtained by an appropriate treatment, from ani- 
mal and vegetable matters: hence the distinction 
into animal and vegetable jelly. The former is 
merely a concentrated solution of gelatin, left to 
cool. 
Vegetable Jelly is found in the juice of the cur- 
rant, mulberry, and of almost all acid fruits, when 
ripe. It is of itself colourless, but almost always 
retains a little colouring matter of the fruit which 
has furnished it. It has an agreeable taste; is 
scarcely soluble in cold water, but boiling water 
dissolves it readily : the jelly is, however, almost 
all deposited on cooling. If this aqueous solution 
be boiled for a long time, it becomes analogous 
to mucilage, and loses the property of being jel- 
lied on cooling. 
GELSEMI'NUM NIT'IDUM, Yellow Jes'sa- 
mine. The flowers, root, Ac., of this shrub, are 
narcotic, and the effluvia from the former are said 
sometimes to induce stupor. 
GELU, Gelly. 
GELUS, Risus. 
GEMELLI, Gastrocnemii, Ischio-trochanteri- 
anus, Testicles. 
GEMEL'LUS, Gem'inus, Bid'ymus, 'a twin.' 
(F.) Jumeau, Jumelle, Besson, Bessonne. One of 
two children, twins, born at the same accouche- 
ment, or gestation. Also, relating to twins, as 
" a twin conception." 
Gemellus Mus'culus. Cowper applies this 
name to the long portion of the triceps brachialis 
united to the inner portion. 
GEMINI, Ischio-trochanterianus, Testicles. 
GEMINUM CENTRUM SEMICIRCULARE, 
Taenia semicircularis. 
GEMINUS, Gemellus. 
GEMIPOMA, Mamma. 
GEMISSEMENT, see Moaning. 
GEMMA, Granulation-g. Oculi, Crystalline. 
GEMMATION, GENERATION BY, see Ge- 
neration. 
GEMMIPARTTE, see Generation. 
GEMMIPAROUS, see Generation. 
GEMUR'SA, a corn; also a name given by 
the ancients to a disease seated between the toes; 
-the nature of which is unknown to us. 
GEN, Gen'esis, 'generation,' from ytwau, 'I 
make.' Hence Hydrogen, Osteoyeny, Ac. 
GENA. The Cheek, Genys, Parei'a, Gamphe, 
Gamphe'le, Gnathos, Gnathmus, Mala, (F.) Jone. 
The cheeks form the lateral parts of the mouth. 
Externally, they have no precise limits: they are 
continuous, above, with the lower eyelid; below, 
402 
GENERATION 
- 
they descend as far as the base of the jaw; before, 
they terminate at the alae nasi, and at the com- 
missures of the lips; and behind, at the ear. 
Their thickness varies, according to the degree 
of fatness of the individual. They are formed of 
three layers ; - one dermoid, another muscular, 
and the third mucous. 
GENCIVES, Gingivae. 
GENEI'AS, Lanu'go prima, Probar'bium. The 
downy hairs, which first cover the cheek. Also, 
a bandage which passes under the chin. 
GENEION, Beard, Mentum. 
GENERAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
GENERALE, Influenza. 
GENERATIO, Generation-g. AJquivoca, see 
Generation-g. Calculi, Lithia-g. Homogenea, 
see Generation - g. Primigena, see Generation- 
g. Primitiva, see Generation - g. Originaria, see 
Generation-g. Spontanea, see Generation. 
GENERATION, Genera'tio, Gen'esis, Genne'- 
sis, Gone, Gonus, Procrea'tio, Procreation, Breed- 
ing, from ytrw, or yevvaut, ' I engender.' Under 
this name physiologists comprehend the aggre- 
gate of functions, which concur, in organized 
beings, towards the production of their kind. 
The act of generation means the union of the 
sexes. See Coition. The writers of antiquity 
believed, that all organized bodies are produced 
either by what is termed univ'ocal or regular ge- 
neration, Homogen' esis, genera'tio homogen'ea, 
propaga'tio, which applies to the upper classes 
of animals and vegetables, or by spontaneous ge- 
neration, Autogon'ia, heterogen'esis, generatio he- 
terogen'ea, cequiv'oca, primiti'va, primig"ena, 
origina'ria, sponta'nea, sponteparite (Duges), 
which they considered applicable to the very 
lowest classes only, as the mushroom, the worm, 
the frog, &c. There are still many distinguished 
naturalists who consider that beings low in the 
scale of animality, are produced in the latter 
way. Spontaneous generation and equivocal ge- 
neration have been regarded by many to be sy- 
nonymous. Others, however, mean by sponta- 
taneous generation, the production of anew being 
from the mere combination of inorganic elements ; 
whilst by equivocal generation they understand 
the evolution of a new being from organized 
beings dissimilar to themselves, through some ir- 
regularity in their functions, or through the inci- 
pient decay or degeneration of their tissues. As 
to the mode in which regular generation is ac- 
complished, there have been many views. Ac- 
cording to the doctrine of Hippocrates, and of the 
ancient philosophers, the ovaries of the female 
furnish a prolific fluid, similar to that of the male; 
and the foetus results from the mixture of the two 
seeds in copulation. Steno and others conceived, 
that the ovaries contain ova, which are not de- 
veloped until vivified by the male sperm. Bonnet 
and Spallanzani believed in the pre-existence of 
germs, created since the origin of the world, but 
encased in each other, and becoming developed 
in succession; whence it would follow that the 
ovary of the first female must have contained 
the germs of all subsequent generations : and that 
the number of these germs must go on always 
diminishing, until ultimately extinct. This was 
the system of the evolution of germs. According 
to Leeuenhoek, the ovaries do not contain eggs, 
but vesicles destined to receive animalcules; 
which, in his view, live in the sperm. Thousands 
of these animalcules are thrown into the uterus 
during copulation, and the most expeditious and 
vigorous reaches the ovary, after having scattered 
and destroyed its competitors. Buffon - admit- 
ting the hypothesis of the two seeds - supposed 
that they were formed of molecules proceeding GENEROUS 
from every part of the body of each parent; and 
that, by a kind of elective affinity, those which 
were furnished by the head, the trunk, or the ex- 
tremities of the male parent, could only unite 
with those proceeding from the same parts of the 
female. Before him, Maupertuis, admitting, with 
many of the ancient philosophers, the system of 
Epigenesis, and adopting, as regarded the com- 
position of the sperm, a theory analogous to that 
of Buffon, had supposed that the molecules, ca- 
pable of being organized, were attracted towards 
a centre; that the nose attracts the two eyes; 
the body, the arms; the arms, the hands, <fcc., 
nearly as the particles of a salt, dissolved in a 
liquid, arrange themselves in regular crystals 
around the same nucleus. These and various 
other systems have been successively proposed 
and abandoned, and the mystery of generation 
remains impenetrable. 
The simplest kind of reproduction does not re- 
quire sexual organs. The animal separates into 
several fragments, which form so many new indi- 
viduals. This is Fissip'arous generation, Fissi- 
parism, G. from fission, (F.) Fissipariti, Scissi- 
parite. Gemmip'arous generation, (F.) Gemmipa- 
rit€, consists in the formation of buds, sporules or 
germs on some part of the body, which at a par- 
ticular period drop off and form as many new 
individuals. In Ovip'arous generation, (F.) Ovi- 
parite, the egg is hatched out of the body. In 
ovovivip'arous generation, the new being is 
hatched in the excretory passages. In vivip'a- 
rous generation, the new individual is born under 
its appropriate form; and in marsu'pial or mar- 
supiate generation, the young being, born at a 
very early stage of development, is received and 
nourished in a marsupium or pouch. In alternate 
generation, the young not only do not resemble 
the parent at birth, but remain dissimilar during 
their whole life, so that their relationship is not 
apparent until a succeeding generation. Thus, 
the eercaria undergoes a change into the distoma. 
All the acts comprising the function of genera- 
tion in man may be referred to five great heads. 
1. Copulation. 2. Conception or fecundation. 
3. Gestation or Pregnancy. 4. Delivery or Ac- 
couchement: and, 5. Lactation. 
Generation, Act of, see Generation-g. Equi- 
vocal, see Generation-g. by Fission, see Genera- 
tion-g. Fissiparous, see Generation-g. by Gem- 
mation, see Generation - g. Gemmiparous, see 
Generation - g. Marsupial, see Generation - g. 
Organs of, female, see \ ulva-g. Oviparous, see 
Generation-g. Regular, see Generation-g. Spon- 
taneous, see Generation-g. Univocal, see Gene- 
ration-g. Viviparous, see Generation. 
GEN'EROUS, Genero'sus. A name given to 
wines which contain a great quantity of alcohol. 
GENESIOL'OGY, Genesiolog" ia, from yevcais, 
' generation,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' The doc- 
trine of generation. 
GENESIQUE, LE, Appetite, venereal. 
GENESIS, Generation. 
G EFf.T, Spartium scoparium - g. d Balai, 
Spartium scoparium-g. des Teinturiers, Genista 
tinctoria. 
.GEN ETIILIACUS, from ytvc&Xtos, 'natal,' 'per- 
taining to nativity.' A name given by the an- 
cients to certain astrologers, who, from the state 
of the heavens at the time of the birth of an in- 
dividual, predicted his future character and the 
events of his life. 
GENET'ICA, from yevcais, ' origin,' 'rise.' Dis- 
eases of the sexual functions: the 5th class in 
Good's Nosology. Also, agents that act on the 
sexual organs.-Pereira. 
GENETICOS, Genital. 
403 
GENITAL 
GENEVA, Gin-g. Hollands, see Spirit. 
GENEVIUEIi, Juniperus communis. 
GENGIVITE, Ulitis. 
GENI, Genian. 
GE'NIAN, Genia'nus, Ge'nial, from ytveiov, 
'the chin.' The Genian apoph'y sis or Process, 
(F.) Apophyse genienne ou geiii, is situate at the 
posterior part of the symphysis menti, and is 
formed of four small tubercles. 
GENICULATUM, see Corpora geniculata. 
GENTE, Ge'nius. The French sometimes ap- 
ply this term to diseases nearly synonymously 
with nature; as Genie injlammatoire, G. bilieux, 
G. adynamique. Some use it in the same sense 
as type ; Genie intermittent. The unwonted pre- 
dominance of any mental faculty is also so called. 
GENIEN, Genian. 
GENliiVllE, Gin, Juniperis communis (the 
berry.) 
GENI'OGLOSSUS, Genio-hyoglos'sus, from 
ytvtiov, ' the chin,' and hywaaa, ' the tongue.' 
Mesoglossus, Mesoglot'tut, Nonus lingua, mus'eu- 
lus. The name of a flat, triangular muscle, 
which extends from the genian apophysis to the 
inferior surface of the os hyoides and tongue, 
which it carries forward. 
GENIOJIYODES, Geniohyoideus. 
GENIOHYOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
GENIOHYOIDES, Geniohyoideus. 
GENI'OHYOIDEUS,<7enjoAyc/<Ze«,GenioAyo*'- 
des, Mento-bicoru'ent, from yevciov, ' the chin,' and 
'voeiimi, ' the os hyoides.' A muscle which arises 
from the genian apophysis, and is inserted at the 
anterior part of the body of the os hyoides. Its 
use is to raise the os hyoides, and carry it for- 
wards. It may, also, contribute to depress the 
lower jaw in contracting towards the os hyoides. 
GENI'O-PHARYNGE'US, from ytvciov, 'the 
chin,' and <l>af>vy£, 'the pharynx.' A name given, 
by some anatomists, to a bundle of fibres which 
passes from the lower jaw to the sides of the pha- 
rynx, and forms part of the constrictor pharyngis 
superior. 
GEN'IPA OBLONGIFO'LIA, Huito. A plant 
of Peru, with the juice of which the Indians paint 
their legs, to protect them against the stings of 
insects. 
GENIPI ALBUM, Artemisia rupestris-g. 
Plane, Artemisia rupestris - g. Verum, Achillea 
atrata. 
GENISTA, Spartium scoparium-g. Canarien- 
sis, see Rhodium lignum - g. Hirsuta, Spartium 
scoparium-g. Scoparia, Spartium scoparium. 
Genis'ta Spino'sa In'dica, Bahel Schulli. An 
oriental tree, a decoction of the roots of which is 
diuretic. The leaves boiled in vinegar have the 
same effect.-Ray. 
Genis'ta Tincto'ria, Genisto'i'des tincto'ria, 
Spar'tium tineto'rium, Dyers' broom, Dyers' weed 
Green weed, Wood waxen, (F.) Genet des Teintu- 
riers. A shrub cultivated in this country and in 
Europe. The flowering tops and seed have been 
used in medicine. It has the same properties as 
Spartium scoparium. 
GENISTOIDES TINCTORIA, Genista tinc- 
toria. 
GEN'ITAL, Gemta'lis, Genet'icos. Same ety- 
mon as Generation. That which belongs to ge- 
neration. 
Gen'ital Organs, Sex'ual Organs, Puden'du, 
Natura'lia, Natu'ra, jEdce'a, Me'zea, Me'sa, Mo' - 
rion, Genital parts, Noble parts, Nat'ural parts, 
Private parts, Priv'ities, Privy parts, Privy 
Members, the Parts, Pars, Pars corporis seu 
obseoe'na, Fores, Partes genita'les seu genera- 
tio' ni inservien'tes, P. obsccence, Me'dea, Veren'- 
da, Pedes, Inguen, Genita'lia, Gennet'ica, Gymna, GENITALE 
Membra puden'da, Or'gana generatio'ni inser- 
vientia, (F.) Organes genitaux, Parties genitales, 
P. honteuses, P. genitoires, P. nobles, P. sex- 
uelles, P. naturelies, Les Parties. The parts that 
are inservient to the reproduction of the species. 
These are very different in the male and female. 
In man, they are numerous; some secreting the 
sperm, as the testicles and their appendages ; 
others retaining it, as the vesiculse seminales; 
and another for carrying it into the organs of the 
female,-the penis. In the female, the parts of 
generation form an apparatus, perhaps more com- 
plicated than that of the male. Some are iijcer- 
vient to copulation, as the vulva, vagina, &c.; 
others to conception and the preservation of the 
product for a determinate time, as the uterus and 
its appendages; whilst others concur in the ali- 
mentation of the infant after birth, as the mammae. 
GENITALE, Sperm-g. Caput, Glans. 
GENITALIA, Genital organs - g. Viri, Pudi- 
bilia. 
GEN'ITO-CRURAL NERVE, Nervus gen'ito- 
crura'lis, Subpu'bial nerve, Inter'nal in'guinal 
nerve. A branch of the second lumbar nerve, 
which passes through the psoas muscle, and, ap- 
proaching the femoral arch, divides into two 
branches,-an internal, scrotal, or gen'ital, nervus 
spermaticus seu puden'dus exter'nus, and an ex- 
ternal or femoral cutaneous branch, lumbo-ingui- 
nalis. 
GENITU'RA. That which is fecundated or 
engendered in the maternal womb. This word 
has been used synonymously with embryo, foetus, 
and infant. Also, the sperm; and the penis. See 
Gone. 
GENIUM, Mentum. 
GENNESIS, Generation. 
GENNETICA, Genital Organs. 
GENNETICOCNES'MUS, from ynvr)TlK0{, 
'genital,' and 'itching.' Itching of the 
genital organs. 
GENNETICON'OSI, Genneticonu'si, from 
yewnriKoi, 'genital,' and voaos, 'disease.' Dis- 
eases of the genitals. 
GENOA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of this 
Italian city and its vicinity has been often select- 
ed as favourable for the phthisical valetudinarian 
during the winter; but it is now admitted to be 
decidedly improper for pulmonary affections, 
being subject to frequent and rapid changes of 
temperature, and to dry cold winds from the 
north, alternately with warm moist winds from 
the south-east.-Sir James Clark. 
GENONU'SI, Morbi sexhs, from ytvoj, 'sex,' 
and vovtros, ' disease.* Sexual diseases. 
GENOS, Sex. 
GENOU, Genu. 
GENOUILLES, {Corps,) Corpora geniculata. 
GENRE, Genus. 
GENSANG, Panax quinquefolium. 
GENTIA, Gentianina. 
GENTIAN, Gentiana lutea, Triosteum - g. 
Blue, Gentiana catesbaei-g. Catesbian, Gentiana 
catesbaei - g. White, Laserpitium latifolium - g. 
Southern, Gentiana eatesbaai - g. White, Trios- 
teum-g. Yellow, Gentiana lutea, see Calumba. 
GENTIANA, G. lutea - g. Alba, Laserpitium 
latifolium - g. Cachenlaguen, Chironia Chilensis 
-g. Centaurium, Chironia centaurium. 
Gentiana Catesbai'i ; G. Catesbia'na, Blue 
Gentian, U. S., Catesbian Gen'tian, Southern 
Gentian, Bluebells, Bitterroot. It is a pure and 
simple bitter, and the root may be used wherever 
that of the Gentiana lutea is proper. 
Gentia'na Chirayta, G. Chirayi'ta, Henrice'a 
Pharmacear'cha, Swer'tia, Chirayi'ta, Agatho'tes 
•'hirayi'ta, Ophe'lia chira'ta, Chiret'ta, Chirayi'- 
404 
GENYANTRITIS 
ta, Chirae'ta. A native of India, which has been 
much employed in that country, in dyspepsia, 
and as an antiperiodic in intermittents. It is 
preferred by some to sarsaparilla, where the lat- 
ter is considered to be indicated, - as after large 
quantities of mercury have been taken, or where 
profuse salivation has been induced. It has also 
been advised in atonic leucorrhcea. It yields its 
virtues to alcohol and water. 
Gentiana Crinita, see G. quinqueflora-g. Ge- 
rardi, Chironia centaurium. 
Gentia'na Lu'tea. The systematic name of 
the officinal gentian; Gentia'na, Gentia'na ma- 
jor, G. vet'erum, Gentia'na rubra, Swer'tia lu'tea, 
Aste'rias lu'tea, Yellow Gentian, Felwort. Ord. 
Gentianeae. (F.) Gentiane jaune. This is a 
plant common in the mountains of Europe. The 
root is almost inodorous, extremely bitter, and 
yields its virtues to ether, alcohol, and water. It 
is tonic and stomachic; and in large doses, ape- 
rient. Dose, gr. x. to Qij. It is most frequently, 
however, used in infusion or tincture. 
Gentiana Major, G. lutea-g. Peruviana, Chi- 
ronia Chilensis. 
Gentia'na Quinqueflo'ra, Five-flowered Gen- 
tian; and Gentia'na Crini'ta, Fringed Gentian, 
indigenous, are possessed of like virtues. 
Gentiana Rubra, G. lutea - g. Veterum, G. 
lutea. 
GENTIANE JAUNE, Gentiana lutea. 
GENTIANI'NA, trenttamne, Gentianin, Gen- 
tia'nia, Gentia. A supposed neutral substance, 
obtained from gentian, and, by some, presumed 
to be its active principle. It is not so. 
GENTILITIUS, Hereditary. 
GENU, Gony, yovv, (F.) Genou. The articula- 
tion of the leg with the thigh ;-the Femoro-tibial 
or knee-joint, the knee. It is the most compli- 
cated in the body, and is formed by the inferior 
extremity of the femur, the superior extremity 
of the tibia, and the rotula. The articular sur- 
faces of the bones are covered by layers of carti- 
lage- more or less thick - and by the synovial 
membrane of the articulation. The soft parts of 
this joint are,-the ligamentum patella, two late- 
ral ligaments, distinguished by the names inter- 
nal and external; a posterior ligament, Ligamen'- 
tumpoeti'eum Wintlow'ii; two crucial ligaments, 
-the one anterior, and the other posterior; two 
interarticular fibro-cartilages; some albugineous 
fibres, which form an imperfect capsule, <fcc. The 
knee receives its arteries from the femoral and 
popliteal. They bear the name articular. Its 
veins have the same distribution as the arteries, 
and discharge their blood into the saphena and 
crural. Its nerves are furnished by the sciatic, 
popliteal, and crural. The joint is protected by 
the tendons and muscles which surround it. 
The French use the term Articulation en genou 
for a joint, in which the head of a bone is received 
into a bony cavity of another, where it rolls and 
moves in all directions. 
Genu Corporis Callosi, see Corpus callosum. 
GENUGRA, Gonagra. 
GENUINUS, Legitimate. 
GENUS, (F.) Genre. A collection or group of 
species, analogous to each other, and which can 
be united by common characters. When a spe- 
cies cannot be referred to a known genus, it con- 
stitutes a distinct one. 
Genus Curationis, Ratio medendi. 
GENYANTRAL'GIA, from yevaov, 'the max- 
illa,' avrpov, 'the antrum, and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain 
in the antrum of Highmore. 
GENYANTRI'TIS,from ytvttov, 'themaxilla,* 
avrpov, ' the antrum,' and itie, denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the antrum of Highmore. GENYANTRUM 
GENYANTRUM, Antrum of Highmore. 
GENYOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea. 
GENYS, yews, 'the jaw;' also the chin. See 
Gena. 
GEOFFRAi'A INER'MIS, G. racemo'sa seu 
Piso'nis seu Jamaicen'sis, Vouacap'oua America'- 
na, Geoffrce'a, Geoffroy' a, Cabbag"ium, Cabbage 
Tree, Cabbage Bark Tree, Worm-Bark Tree, An- 
di'ra inerm'is seu racemo'sa. Nat. Ord. Legu- 
minosae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The 
odour of the bark is very unpleasant. It is an- 
thelmintic and cathartic. Dose of the powder, 
Bj to B'J- 
Jamaicensis, G. inermis-g. Piso- 
nis, G. inermis-g. Racemosa, G. inermis. 
Geoffr.e'a Surinamen'sis, Andi'ra Surina- 
men'sis, has similar properties. 
Huttenschmidt has separated their active prin- 
ciples, to which he has given the names Jamai- 
cine and Surinamine. They are all alkaline. 
Vermif'uga, Andira ibai, Arriba, 
Skolemo'ra Fernambucensis ; a South American 
plant has a fruit, the almond of which, called 
angfline, has a reputation at Rio Janeiro as a 
vermifuge. Dose, a grain to fifteen; or it may 
be given in infusion. 
GEOFFROYA, Geoffraea inermis - g. Jamai- 
censis, G. inermis. 
GEOG'RAPHY, MED'ICAL, Geogra'phia 
Med'ica. The description of the surface of the 
globe as regards the influence of situation on the 
health, vital functions, and diseases of its inha- 
bitants-vegetable and animal; but principally 
on those of man. 
GEOPII'AGISM, Geophag"ia, Gaophag"ia, 
from yn, ' earth,' and <pay<i>, ' I eat.' The act or 
practice of eating earth. See Chthonophagia. 
GERA30L0G"IA, Geratolog" ia, from 
' old age,' and Aoyos, ' a discourse.' The doctrine, 
or a description, of old age. 
GER'ANIS, from yepavoj, 'a crane,' which it 
resembled. A bandage, used by the ancients in 
cases of fractured clavicle. Some authors attri- 
bute it to Hippocrates ; others, to Perigenes. 
GERA'NIUM, same etymon, because its pistil 
is long, like the bill of the crane. The Crane's 
Bill. 
Geranium Fietidum, G. Robertianum-g. Ma- 
culatum, see Geranium, and G. Moschatum. 
Geranium Moscha'tum ; Erod'ium Moscha- 
tum, (F.) Bee de grue musqut. A European 
plant, esteemed to be excitant and diaphoretic. 
Geranium Noveboracense, G. Maculatum- 
g. Purpureum, G. Robertianum. 
Geranium Robertia'num ; G. fee'tidum seu 
pwrpw'rewm, Stinking Crane's Bill, Herb Robert, 
(F.) Hcrbe d Robert, Bee de Grue Robertin. 
This plant was, at one time, used as an antispas- 
modic and slight stimulant, as well as for an ex- 
ternal application in various painful sores and 
inflammations. 
Most of the species of geranium have been used 
as astringents. In some of the northwestern 
parts of the United States, the root of the Gera- 
nium, macula'turn-Gera'nium, (Ph. U. S.) - G. 
Noveboracen'se, Spotted Crane's Bill, Crowfoot, 
Alum root, Tormentil, Stork bill-is called Racine 
d Becquet, after a person of that name. It is 
highly extolled by the Western Indians as an an- 
tisyphilitie. 
GERAS, Senectus. 
GERM, Germen, Blaste, Blaste'ma. The rudi- 
ment of a new being, not yet developed, or which 
is still adherent to the mother. 
Germ Force. Plastic force. 
GERMANDER, COMMON, Teucrium cha- 
xnaedrys-g. Creeping, Teucrium chammdrys-g. 
405 
GEUM 
Marum, Teucrium marum - g. Small, Teucrium 
chamaedrys-g. Water, Teucrium scordium. 
GERMANDREE AQUATIQUE, Teucrium 
scordium - g. Maritime, Teucrium marum-g. 
Officinale, Teucrium chamaedrys - g. Scorodone, 
Teucrium scordium. 
GERME FAUX, Conception, false. 
GERMEN, Germ, Sperm - g. Dentale, Dental 
Pulp-g. Falsum, Mole-g. Spurium, Conception, 
false. 
GERMINAL CELL, see Cytoblast-g. Mem- 
brane and Vesicle; see Molecule - g. Nucleus, 
see Molecule-g. Spot, see Molecule-g. Vesicle, 
see Molecule. 
GERMS, DISSEMINATION OF, Panspermia. 
GEROBOS'CIA, Gerontobos'cia, from yi?pjj, 
'old age,' and Poaicri, 'food.' Nourishment or 
maintenance proper for the aged. 
GEROCOMEUM, Gerocomium. 
GEROCO'MIA, Gerocom'ice, Gerontocom'ice, 
from ycpwv, 'an aged person,' and Kogciv, 'to take 
care of.' The part of medicine whose object is 
the preservation of the health of the aged: - the 
hygiene of old people. 
GEROCOMICE, Gerocomia. 
GEROCOMI'UM, Gerocome'um, Presbyodo- 
chi'um, Gerontocomi' um, Gerotrophe'um, same ety- 
mon. An hospital for the aged. 
GEROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
GEROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
GERONTATROPHIA, Marasmus senilis. 
GERONTOBOSCIA, Geroboscia. 
GERONTOCOMICE, Gerocomia. 
GERONTOCOMIUM, Gerocomium. 
GERONTO'PIA, from yr/pas, 'old age,' and 
' the eye.' Weakness of sight of the aged. 
GERONTOTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
GERONTOXON, Gerotoxon. 
GEROTOX'ON, Gerontox'on, Gerontotox'on, 
Mac'ula cor'nece arcua'ta, Arcus seni'lis; from 
ytpwv, 'an old person,' and 'a bow.' A 
bow-shaped obscurity at the under margin of the 
cornea, common to old people. 
GEROTROPHEUM, Gerocomium. 
GEROTROPHIA, Geroboscia. 
GERSA, Plumbi subcarbonas-g. Serpentariae, 
see Arum maculatum. 
GESTA, ' things done,' from gerere, gestum, 
' to do,' ' carry.' A Latin term, introduced by 
Hallfi into medical language, to designate, among 
the objects which belong to hygiene, the func- 
tions which consist in the voluntary movements 
of muscles and organs. In the class Gesta are 
found sleep, the waking state, movements or loco- 
motion, and rest. 
GESTA'TION, Gesta'tio, Phora, from gesture, 
' to carry.' The time during which a female who 
has conceived carries the embryo in her uterus. 
See Pregnancy. Gestation, likewise, signifies the 
bearing or carrying of an individual; a kind of 
exercise easier than that in which he moves by 
virtue of his own powers. Thus, we speak of 
gestation on horseback, in a carriage, &c. 
•Gestation, Protracted. Pregnancy pro- 
tracted beyond the usual period. See Pregnancy. 
GESTICULA'TION, Gesticula'tio, same ety- 
mon. The act of making many gestures; a 
symptom in disease, which indicates great ence- 
phalic erethism. It is met with in numerous 
affections. 
GETH\L'LIS SPIRA'LIS. A South African 
plant, Nat. Ord. Amaryllideae, the orange-co- 
loured fruit of which has a peculiar fragrance. 
An infusion in spirit or tincture is used in flatu- 
lence and colic. 
GEUM, G. rivale-g. Caryophyllatum, G. tir GEUMA 
banum- g. Nutans, G. rivale - g. Palustre, G. 
rival e. 
Geum RivalB, G. palus'tre seu nutans, Caryo- 
phylla'ta aquat'ica seu nutans, Benedic'ta sylves'- 
tris, Water avens, (F.) Benoite aquatique, B. des 
Ruissaux. Family, Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Ico- 
sandria Polygynia. The root of this plant, 
Geum (Ph. U. S.), is astringent. It has been 
much extolled in the cure of intermittents, diar- 
rhoea, hemorrhage, <fcc. 
Geum Urbanum, G. caryophyIla'turn, Caryo- 
phylla'ta, C. vulga'ris seu urba'na, Caryophyl'lus 
vulga'ris, Sanamun'da, Lagophthal'mus, Caryo- 
phyl'la, Janamun'da, Common avens, Herb Ben- 
net, Herba benedic'ta, (F.) Benoite. The root of 
this plant has a smell not unlike that of cloves. 
Taste bitterish, austere; virtues yielded to water 
and alcohol. It has been used in intermittents, 
dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, debility, Ac. Dose, 
3ss to 3j the powder. 
Geum Vernum, Western early avens, has the 
same properties as 
Geum Virginia'num, White avens, Avens, Evan 
root, Choc'olate root, Bennet, Throat root, Cure- 
all, (F.) Benoite de Virginie, is common from 
Maine to Carolina and Kentucky, flowering in 
June and July. It has the same medical proper- 
ties as Geum rivale. 
GEUMA, Taste. 
GEUSION'OSI, from yevais, 'taste,' and voaos, 
' disease.' Geusionu' si. Diseases of the organ 
or sense of taste. 
GEUSIS, Taste. Rarely, the root of the 
tongue-Radix lingua. 
GEUTHMOS, Taste. 
GEZIR, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
GEZ IT, Cagot. 
GEZ [TAIN, Cagot. 
GHERKIN, see Cucumis sativus. 
GHITTA JEMOCO, Cambogia. 
GIALAPPA, Convolvulus Jalapa. 
GIANT, Gigas, (F.) Giant. One much above 
the ordinary stature. 
GIBBA, Hump. 
GIBBER, Hump. 
GIBBEROSITAS, Gibbositas. 
GIBBOS'ITAS, Gibberos'itas, Cypho'sis, Rha- 
chio-cypho'sis, from (F.) Gibbeux, (L.) Gibbus, 
' something arched or vaulted ; prominent.' Gib- 
bos'ity, Gib'bousness, Curvature of the spine, Hy- 
bo'ma. A symptom which occurs in different 
diseases; particularly in rickets and caries of the 
vertebrae. See Hump. 
Gibbositas Cariosa, Vertebral disease. 
GIBBOUSNESS, Gibbositas. 
GIBBUS, Hump-g. Pottii, Vertebral disease. 
GIBLETS. According to Minsheu, from 
Gobbet, Goblet; but, according to Junius, from 
(F.) Gibier, 'game.' The word seems to be the 
old (F.) Gibelez, Gibelet, <tc., i. e. Gibier, (L.) Ci- 
barium, food, (F.) Abattis. It means, generally, 
the parts which are cut off from a goose before it 
is roasted. Also, the extremities of fowls, such 
as the head, wings, feet; to which are sometimes 
added, the liver, gizzard, &c. Soup, made frAi 
these, is moderately nutritious. 
GIDDINESS, Vertigo. 
GIDDY, Vertiginous. 
GIGANTEUS, Gigantic. 
GIGANTESQUE, Gigantic. 
GIGAN'TIC, Gigante'us, Giganto'des, (F.) Gi- 
gantesque. Relating to one much above the or- 
dinary stature. 
GIGANTODES, Gigantic. 
GIGARTINA HELMINTHOCHORTON, Co- 
rallina Corsicana-g. Lichenoides, Fucus amyla- 
oeus 
406 
GINGLYMUS 
GIGARUS SERPENTARIA, Arum dracun- 
culus. 
GIGAS, Giant. 
GILARUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
GILEAD, BALM OF, see Amyrisopobalsamum. 
GILET DE FORCE, Waistcoat, strait. 
GILL, Glechoma hederacea. 
Gill-go-by-grounb, Glechoma hederacea. 
GILLA THEOPHRASTI, Zinci sulphas - g. 
Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas. 
GILLE'NIA STIPULA'CEA, Small-flowered 
In'dian Physic has the same properties as 
Gille'nia Trifolia'ta, Spira'a trifolia'ta, 
Common Gille'nia, Indian Physic, Western Drop- 
wort, Indian Hippo, Ip'ecac, Bowman's root, Mea- 
dow sweet, Beuumont root. Nat. Ord. Rosaceae. 
Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The root of 
this shrub,-Gille'nia, (Ph. U. S.)-which grows 
plentifully in the United States, is a safe and 
efficacious emetic, in the dose of about 30 grains. 
It resembles ipecacuanha in its properties. 
GILLIFLOWER, Dianthus caryophyllus. 
GIM'BERNAT'S LIGAMENT. A fibrous, 
triangular expansion, which is detached from the 
posterior and inner part of the crural arch, and is 
inserted into the crest of the pubis. This liga- 
ment forms the inner part of the superior aper- 
ture of the crural canal. It is one of the most 
frequent causes of strangulation in crural hernia. 
GIN, Hollands, Gene'va, (F.) Genievre. This 
spirit, which is distilled from corn and juniper 
berries, or from some substitute for them, is 
largely used in Great Britain ; and is extremely 
detrimental, to the lower classes particularly. It 
possesses the properties of other spirituous liquors, 
but is, in popular medicine, more used than other 
varieties, in cases of colic or intestinal pain of any 
kind. See Spirit. 
Gin Drinker's Liver, Liver, nutmeg - g. 
Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
GINGEMBRE, Amomum zingiber. 
GINGER, Amomum zingiber-g. Beer powder, 
see Amomum zingiber-g. Indian, Asaruin eana- 
dense-g. Jamaica, concentrated essence of, see 
Amomum zingiber - g. Preserved, see Amomum 
zingiber-g. Wild, Asarum Canadense. 
GINGIBR A'CIIIUM, from gingiva, 'the 
gums,' and brachium, 'the arm.' A name given 
to the scurvy, because the gums and arms are 
chiefly affected by it. It has, also, been called 
Gingipe'dium, because the lower limbs are in 
many cases the seat of scorbutic spots. See Por- 
phyra nautica. 
GINGIPEDIUM, see Gingibrachium, Por- 
phyra nautica. 
GINGI'VJE, from gignere, 'to beget,' because 
the teeth are, as it were, begotten in them. (?) 
The gums, ovXa, U'la, Carnic'ula, (F.) Gencives. 
The portion of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth which covers the maxillary bones to the 
level of the alveolar arches. The gums are 
formed of a red tissue, more or less solid, and of 
a fibro-mucous nature, which adheres strongly to 
the necks of the teeth, and transmits, between 
the roots and their alveoli, a very thin expan- 
sion,-the alveolo-dental periosteum. The gums 
fix the teeth and contribute greatly to their soli- 
dity. In the aged, after the loss of the teeth, 
they become fibrous and very solid, and are in- 
servient to mastication. 
GINGIVA'LIS, Ulet'icus, Clicus; from gin- 
giva, 'the gums.' Relating to the gums. 
GING'LYMOID, Ginglymo'ideus, Ginglymo'- 
des, from ytyyAvgof, 'a ginglymus,' and uhos, 're- 
semblance. Resembling a ginglymus or hinge. 
An epithet applied to joints which resemble a 
hinge, as a ginglymoid joint. 
GIN'GLYMUS, Cardinumen'tum, Cardo, 'a GINSENG 
hinge.' (F.) Charniire, Articulation en charniire. 
A species of diarthrodial articulation, which only 
admits of motion in two directions, like a hinge, 
-as the knee-joint or elbow-joint. 
GINSENG, Panax quinquefolium - g. Blue, 
Caulophyllum thalictroides - g. Yellow, Caulo- 
phyllum thalictroides-g. Horse, Triosteum-g. 
White, Triosteum. 
GIRAFFE, Dengue. 
GIRARD ROUSSIN, Asarum. 
GIRDLE, Cingulum. 
GIRL. This seems, formerly, to have been 
an appellation common to both sexes. Many 
etymologists deduce the word from the Su. Goth. 
K arl, ' a man.' It means a young female, (L.) 
Filia, from 'to love.' (F.) Fille. 
GIROFLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
GIROFLEE JAUNE, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
GISSA, Cynanche parotidaea. 
GIZZARD, Ventriculus callosus. 
GLABELLA, Mesophryon. 
GLABELLAD, see Glabellar. 
GLABEL'LAR, from glabella, 'the space be- 
the eyebrows.' An epithet for an aspect towards 
the glabella.-Barclay. Glabellad is used adver- 
bially by the same writer to signify ' towards the 
glabellar aspect.' 
GLABRITIES, Calvities. 
GLACE, Ice. 
GLACIALE, Mesembryanthemum crystalli- 
num. 
GLACIALIS HUMOR, Crystalline. 
GLACIES, Ice. 
GLADIOLUS, Machaerion-g. Caeruleus, Iris 
Germanica. 
Gladi'olus Commu'nis, G. vulga'ris, Victo- 
ria'lis rotun'da, Cornfag, Victoria'lit feminea, 
(F.) Glayeul. The root of this plant has been 
considered aphrodisiac. Applied in cataplasm, it 
has been extolled against scrofulous tumours. 
Gladiolus Luteus, Iris pseudacorus-g. Vul- 
garis, G. communis. 
GLADIUS, Penis. 
GLAMA, Lippitudo, Chassie. 
GLAND, Glan'dula, Gran'dula, from giant, 
'an acorn, a kernel.' Aden. The ancient ana- 
tomists gave this name to a number of organs of 
a texture generally soft, and a shape more or 
less globular, but differing greatly in their nature 
and functions. They applied it, for instance, 1. 
To those organs which separate from the blood, 
any fluid whatever. When such organs were 
composed of several lobules, united by common 
vessels, they received the name conglomerate 
glands, as the parotid, pancreas, Ac. 2. To the 
reddish and spongy, knot-like bodies, which are 
met with in the course of the lymphatics. These 
they called conglobate glands; - see Ganglion 
(lymphatic ;) and 3dly and lastly, to various other 
organs, whose intimate texture and functions are 
still unknown, as the Pineal gland, Pituitary 
gland, Glands of Pacchioni, Thyroid gland, Thy- 
mus gland. Supra-renal glands, Ac. Chaussier 
restricts the word gland to those softish, granular, 
lobated organs, composed of vessels, and a parti- 
cular texture, of which there are in the human 
body, the lachrymal, salivary, and mammary, the 
testicles, the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. These 
permanent glands, or glands with permanent ducts, 
are all destined to draw from the blood the mole- 
cules necessary for the formation of new fluids; 
and to convey these fluids externally, by means 
of one or more excretory ducts. Several glands 
besides their excretory ducts, have especial reser- 
voirs, in which the fluids, secreted by them, col- 
lect, remain for a greater or less space of time, 
and undergo slight modifications before being 
evacuated; - such are, the gall-bladder for the 
liver, the urinary bladder for the kidneys, Ac. 
407 
GLANDULA 
Each gland has an organization peculiar to ft, 
but we know not the intimate nature of the glan- 
dular texture. - Malpighi believed that the ves- 
sels terminate in small, solid masses, to which he 
gave the name - glandular grains or ac-'ni. In 
these, he considered, the excretory duets v.lginate. 
Ruysch thought that the glands are entirely vas- 
cular, and that the excretory ducts are immedi- 
ately continuous with the vasa afferentia, Ac. The 
best view, perhaps, is, that the exhaling or secre- 
ting vessel is distributed on the animal membrane, 
which forms the blind extremity of the excretory 
duct, and that the secretion is effected through 
it by means of cells. 
The term glande (F.) is sometimes appropriated 
to the tumour formed by inflammation or engorge- 
ment of a lymphatic ganglion. 
GLAND, Glans-g. Accessory, of the Parotid, 
see Parotid - g. Globate, Conglobate gland - g. 
Prostate, Prostate-g. Salivary, abdominal, Pan- 
creas. 
GLANDAGE, Adenophyma. 
GLANDE, Gland - g. Thyroids, see Thyroid 
gland. 
GLANDERS, Equinia-g. Farcy, see Equinia. 
GLANDES B R 0 N C HI QU E N,Bronchial 
glands-g. Conglobies, Conglobate glands-g. de 
Croiseance, Waxing kernels-g. de Meibomius, 
Meibomius, glands of. 
GLANDIFORM CORPUSCLE, Acinus -g. 
Ganglion, see Ganglion. 
GLANDIUM, Thymus. 
GLANDS, see Quercus Alba - g. Accessory, 
Cowper's glands-g. Aggregate, Peyeri glandulae 
-g. Agminated, Peyer's glands-g. Aporic, Gan- 
glions, glandiform-g. Blind, Ganglions, glandi- 
form - g. Diapnogenous, see Perspiration - g. 
Havers's, Synovial glands-g. of Bartholinus, 
Cowper's glands of the female-g. Cowper's, see 
Cowper's glands-g. of Duverney, Cowper's glands 
of the female - g. Lenticular, Lenticulares glan- 
dulae-g. Lieberkuhn's, Lieberkuhn's glands, see 
Intestine-g. Miliary, Sebaceous glands-g. Oil, 
Sebaceous glands-g. Permanent, see Gland-g. 
Peyer's, Peyeri glandulae - g. Renal, Capsules, 
renal - g. Sebaceous, see Sebaceous glands - g. 
Solitary, Brunner's glands-g. Sudoriparous, see 
Perspiration-g. Sweat, see Perspiration. 
Glands, Temporary, Glands without perma- 
nent orifices. Glands, that consist of a single 
primary vesicle or sacculus, which, having ela- 
borated a secretion in its interior, bursts, dis- 
charges it, and disappears. Peyer's glands, and 
the Graafian vesicles afford examples of these. 
Glands of Tyson, Sebaceous glands of Tyson 
- g. Vascular, see Ganglion - g. of Vesalius, 
Bronchial glands-g. of Willis, Albicantia corpo- 
ra, Mamillary tubercles. 
GLANDULA, Gland-g. ad Aures, Parotid- 
g. Avicennae, Encystis - g. Bartholiniana, Sub- 
lingual gland - g. Basilaris, Pituitary gland-g. 
Colli, Tonsil-g. Innominata Galeni, Lachrymal 
gland - g. Lachrymalis, Lachrymal gland - g. 
Mucosa, Conglobate gland - g. Pinealis, Pineal 
gland-g. Pituitosa, Pituitary gland-g. Rivini- 
ana, Sublingual gland - g. Salivalis abdominis, 
Pancreas - g. Socia Parotidis, see Parotid - g. 
Thymus, Thymus-g. Thyreoidea, Thyroid gland. 
Glandula: Agminata:, Peyeri glandulae- g. 
Articulares, Synovial glands - g. Assistentes, 
Prostate - g. Brunneri, Brunner's glands - g. 
Cervicis uteri, Nabothi glandulae - g. Durae ma- 
tris, G. Pacchioni - g. Durae meningis, G. Pac- 
chioni - g. in Agmen congregates intestinorum, 
Peyeri glandulae - g. Intestinales, Peyeri glan- 
dulae - g. Meibomianae, Meibomius, glands of- 
g. Mucosae coagminatae intestinorum, Peyeri glan- 
dulae-g. Muciparae raceme tim congest® intesti. GLANDULAIRE 
iy>rum, Peyeri glandular - g. Myrtiformes, Ca- 
runculae myrtiformes- g. OdorifeneTysoni, see 
Sebaceous glands - g. Peyerianae, Peyeri glan- 
dulae - g. Plexiformes, Peyeri G. - g. Prostatae 
mulierum, see Corpus glandulosum mulierum - 
g. Sebaceae ciliares, Meibomius, glands of-g. 
Solitaries, Brunner's glands - g. Spuriae, Peyeri 
glandulae, Ganglions, glandiform-g. Sudoriferae, 
see Perspiration-g. Suprarenales, Capsules, re- 
nal-g. Tysoni, Sebaceous glands of Tyson-g. 
Utriculares, Utricular Glands -g. Vasculosae, 
Conglomerate glands - g. Vesalianae, Bronchial 
glands. 
GLANDULAIRE, Glandular. 
GLAND'ULAR, Glandula'ris, Glandulo'sus, 
(F.) Glandulaire, Glanduleux. Having the ap- 
pearance, form, or texture of Glands; as a glan- 
dular body, a glandular texture, Ac. 
Glandular Substance of the Kidney, see 
Kidney. 
GLANDULE OF MALPIGHI, see Corpora 
Malpighiana. 
GRANDULEUX, Glandular. 
GLANDULO'SO-CARNEUS. Ruysch gives 
this epithet to fleshy excrescences which he found 
in the bladder. 
GLANDULOSUS, Glandular. 
GLANS, ('an acorn.') Bal'anus, Oyt'taros, 
Cuspis, Caput, C. Penis, Genita'le caput, (F.) 
Gland. The extremity of the penis and of the 
clitoris. The glans penis is of a conical, slightly 
flattened shape. It is continuous with the ure- 
thra. which opens at its apex; and is circum- 
scribed by a projecting edge, called the Coro'na 
gland is. It is covered by a thin mucous mem- 
brane; is furnished, at its base, with sebaceous 
follicles, called glan'dulee odorif'ertE Tyso'ni, the 
secretion from which is termed Smegma prepu'- 
tii; and can, almost always, be covered by the 
reflection of the skin, called the prepuce. Lastly, 
it is formed of a spongy texture, susceptible of 
being thrown into erection. 
Glans, Bronchocele, Pessary, Suppository. 
Glans Clitor'idis is smaller. It is imper- 
forate, and likewise covered with a sort of pre- 
puce formed by the mucous membrane of the 
vulva. 
Glans Jovis Theophrasti, Fagus castanea- 
g. Ulnae, Olecranon-g. Unguentaria, Guilandina 
moringa, Myrobalanus. 
GLAREA, Gravel. 
GLASS, Vitrum. 
GLAUBER'S SALTS, Soda, Sulphate of. 
GLAUCEDO, Glaucoma. 
GLAUCO'MA, from yhavxoc, 'sea-green.' 
Glauco'sis, Glauce'do, Catarac'ta glauca, Oc'ulus 
ca'sius, CtB'sius, Phtharma glauco'ma, Parop'sis 
glauco'sis, Apoglauco'sis. Amongst the older 
pathologists, this word was used synonymously 
with cataract. It is now ordinarily applied to 
opacity of the vitreous humour or of the tunica 
hyaloidea, which manifests itself by a grayish, 
or greenish spot, apparent through the pupil. 
The diagnosis is generally difficult; and the dis- 
ease is almost always incurable. 
Glaucoma Woulhousi, Cataract. 
GLAUCOSIS, Glaucoma. 
GLAYEUL, Gladiolus vulgaris - g. Puant, 
Iris feetidissima. 
GLECHO'MA HEDERA'CEA, G. hirsu'- 
lum, Heder'ula, Chamtncle'ma, C. hedera'cea, Ca- 
lamin'tha hedera'cea, Calamin'ta humil'ior, Cha- 
meecis'sus, Hed'era terres'tris, Nep'eta glecho'ma, 
Panace'a pec'toris, Ground-ivy, Gill, Gill-go-by- 
ground, Alehoof, Robin runaway, (F.) Lierre ter- 
restre, Terrette. This plant has a strong smell, 
and a bitterish, somewhat aromatic, taste. It 
has been considered expectorant and tonic. 
GLOBULE 
GLECIION, Mentha pulegium. 
GLECIIONI'TIS. Wine, impregnated with 
the Glechon, mantha pulegium, or penny- 
royal. 
GLECOMA HIRSUTUM, G. hederaeeum. 
GLEET, see Gonorrhoea. 
GLEME, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
GLENE, yXijwL The pupil. The anterior part 
of the eye. The eyeball. The eye. According 
to some, the crystalline lens. Also, a glenoid 
cavity. 
GLENITIS, Phacitis. 
GLENOID, Glene. 
Gle'noid, Glenoid'al, Glenoida'lis, Glenoi'des, 
Gleno'des, Glenoi' deus, from yXi/w?, ' the pupil,' 
and eibog, 'resemblance.' (F.) Glfno'ide, Gleno'i- 
dale. Any shallow, articular cavity, Glene, which 
receives the head of a bone; such as, 1. The 
glenoid cavity or fossa of the scapula, Fossa gle- 
no'idea, Omocot'yle, Acetab'ulum hu'meri, Cav'i- 
tas hu'meri gleno'ides, Entypo'sis, is situate at 
the anterior angle of the scapula; and is arti- 
culated with the head of the humerus. 2. The 
glenoid cavity or fossa of the temporal bone. It 
is seated between the two roots of the zygomatie 
process, and receives the condyle of the lower 
jaw. 
Glenoid Lig'ament, (F.) Ligament Glenoidien, 
is a fibro-cartilaginous ring or bourrelet, which 
seems formed by the expansion of the tendon of 
the long head of the biceps brachialis, and sur- 
rounds the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the 
depth of which it increases. 
GLENOIDALE, Glenoid. 
GLISCHRAS'MA, Glis'chrotes, from yX<cyz>ai- 
vu, (yXia, 'glue,') 'I become glutinous.' Lentor, 
viscidity.-Hippocrates. 
GLISCIIROCH'OLUS, fromyX«rypof) 'viscid,' 
and %oA»7, 'bile.' An epithet for excrement which 
is glutinous and bilious. 
GLISCHROTES, Glischrasma. 
GLISOMARGO, Creta. 
GLOBE, Bandage (head)-g. of the Eye, see 
Eye-g. Flower, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
GLOBULAIRE PURGATIVE, Globularia 
alypum. 
GLOBULA'RIA AL'YPUM, Globula' ria, 
Hontpel'lier Turbith, (F.) Globulaire purgative, 
Turbith blanc. The leaves of this plant are bit- 
ter, and have been used in intermittents and in 
constipation. See Alypon. 
GLOB'ULE, Glob'ulus, Spha'rion, Sphce'rula, 
A small globe. 
Globules of the Blood, Blood globule*, 
Blood -corpuscles, Blood - disks, Blood -vesicles, 
Glob'uli, Vesic'ula, Sphce'rula seu Follic'uli 
san'guinis, (F.) Globules du sang, are small, cir- 
cular bodies, which are particularly observable 
when the transparent parts of cold-blooded ani- 
mals are examined by the aid of the microscope; 
and are met with in the blood of all animals. 
They are circular in the mammalia, and elliptical 
in birds and cold-blooded animals; are flat in 
all animals, and generally composed of a central 
nucleus enclosed in a membranous sac. Che- 
mically, they consist of haematin and globulin- 
hcemato-globulin. 
Size of the Globules. 
408 
Sir E. Home and Bauer, with 
colouring matter, 
Eller, .... 1.1930 
1.1700th part of 
an inch. 
Sir E. Home and Bauer, with- 
out colouring matter, 
1.2000 
MUller, .... 1.2300 to 1.3500 
Mandi, .... 1.2625 to 1.3150 GLOBULE 
Hodgkin, Lister, and Rudolphi, 1.3000 
Sprengel, .... 1.3000 to 1.3500 
Cavallo, .... 1.3000 to 1.4000 
DonnS, .... 1.3150 to 1.3280 
Jurin and Gulliver, . . 1.3240 
Blumenbach and Senac, . 1.3330 
Tabor, .... 1.3600 . 
Milne Edwards, . . . 1.3900 
Wagner, .... 1.4000 
Kater, .... 1.4000 to 1.6000 
PrSvost and Dumas, . . 1.4056 
Haller, Wollaston, and Weber, 1.5000 
Young, .... 1.6060 
GLOBULE D'ARANTIUS, see Sigmoid 
valves-g. du Sang, Globule of the blood. 
GLOBULES, GANGLION, see Neurine -g. 
Chyle, see Chyle - g. Lymph, see Lymph - g. 
Milk, see Milk-g. Mucous, see Mucus-g. Pus, 
see Pus-g. Pyoid, see Pus. 
GLOBULI ARTERIARUM TERMINI, see 
Acinus-g. Sanguinis, Globules of the blood-g. 
Tartari martiales, Ferrum tartarizatum-g. Tar- 
tratis ferri et lixiviae, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
GLOB'ULIN, Glob'uline, Blood ea'sein. The 
colourless substance that remains after the ab- 
straction of the colouring matter of the blood- 
corpuscle. It is a peculiar albuminous principle. 
The globulin of Berzelius consists of the enve- 
lopes of the blood globules, and of the part of 
their contents that remains after the extraction 
of the hsematin. Lecanu regards it as identi- 
cal with albumen; and, according to Mulder, it 
belongs to the combinations of protein. 
The term globulin is likewise given by M. 
Donnfi to small granulations appertaining to the 
chyle, which are observable in the blood with the 
microscope. They are small white roundish, iso- 
lated or irregularly agglomerated grains ; of about 
the 1-300 of a millimetre in diameter, and are re- 
garded by M. Donn6 as the first elements of the 
blood globules. They are the white granulated 
corpuselee of Mandi. 
GLOBULUS ARANTII, see Sigmoid valves 
-g. Nasi, see Nasus-g. Sanguineus, Punctum 
suliens-g. Stapedis Ossis, Os orbiculare. 
GLOBUS HYSTER'ICUS, Nodus Hyster'icus, 
An'gone, Anad'rome. A sensation, experienced 
by hysterical persons, as if a round body were 
rising from the abdomen towards the larynx, and 
producing a sense of suffocation. 
Globus Major, see Epididymis - g. Minor, 
see Epididymis - g. Martialis, Ferrum tartari- 
zatum. 
Globus Uteri'nus. A term applied by accou- 
cheurs to the round tumour, formed by the uterus 
in the lower part of the abdomen, immediately 
after delivery. 
GLOMERATE, Conglomerate. 
GLOM'ERULE, Glomer'ulus; from glomus, 'a 
clew of thread.' A ball or clew, formed by an 
agglomeration of vessels; as Glomerule of Malpi- 
ghi ; see Corpora Malpighiana. 
GLOSSA, Glotta, ' the tongue.' The power of 
speech. Speech. Hence: 
GLOSSAGRA, Glossalgia. 
GLOSSAL'GIA, Glos'sagra, from yX uiaaa, ' the 
tongue,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the tongue. 
GLOSSANIS'CIIUM, Glossanoch'eus, Glossan'- 
ochum, from yXwaaa, 'tongue,' and 'to 
hold up.' An instrument for holding up the 
tongue. 
GLOSSANOCHEUS, Glossanischum. 
GLOSSANOCHUM, Glossanischum. 
GLOSSAN'THRAX, Pestis glossan'thrax, from 
yX<u<r<ra, 'the tongue,' and av3pal-, 'a carbuncle.' 
Carbuncle of the tongue. A disease more common 
in cattle than in man. 
409 
GLOSSOGRAPHY 
GLOSSEPIGLOT'TIC, Glossepiglot' ticus. Re- 
lating to the tongue and epiglottis, as Ligamen'- 
tum glossepiglott'icum. 
GLOSSIANUS, Lingual muscle. 
GLOSSI'TIS, from yXioaaa, 'the tongue,' and 
ttis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Glosson' cue 
inflammato'rius, Angi'na lingua'ria seu lingua'- 
lis, Inflamma'tio Linguae, Inflammation of the 
tongue, (F.) Jn/TanMnatfon de la Langue. When 
confined to the mucous membrane, it is of slight 
importance. That which affects the whole of the 
tongue is a serious disease, and requires the vigo- 
rous use of antiphlogistics. It is rare. 
GLOSSOC'ACE, from y\u>caa, 'the tongue,' and 
kokos, ' evil.' Ulceration of the tongue, with 
symptoms of adynamic fever. 
GLOSSOCARCINO'MA, Glossoscir'rhus, Car- 
cino'ma Lingua, from y\u>oaa, 'the tongue,' and 
KapKivu>na, 'cancer.' Cancer of the tongue. 
G L 0 S S 0 CAT'O C H U S, Glossocat'oche, from 
yXoiaaa, ' the tongue,' and Karelin, ' I arrest.' Lin- 
gua Deten'tor, Spec'ulum Oris, (F.) Ahaisseur de 
la langue. An instrument, the invention of which 
is attributed to Paulus of Aigina, and which was 
employed to depress the tongue, in order to exa- 
mine diseases of the fauces. It was composed 
of two branches; one of which had, at its extre- 
mity, a plate for depressing the tongue; whilst 
the other, shaped like a horse-shoe, was applied 
under the chin. The finger, or the handle of a 
spoon, or a spatula, is now alone used in similar 
cases. See Catagoglossum. 
GLOSSOCE'LE, from yXutaaa, 'the tongue,' 
and KnXr), ' hernia,' ' tumour.' Hernia of the 
Tongue, Paraglos'se, Prolap'sus lingua, Glosso- 
megis'tus, Glossopto'sis. Projection of the tongue 
from the mouth. It depends, generally, on an 
inflammatory swelling of the organ. At times, 
however, a chronic glossocele, or sort of cedema- 
tous engorgement, is met with; which proceeds 
to a great length, and deforms the dental arches, 
the lips, <fcc. Inflammatory glossocele must be 
combated by antiphlogistics. In the oedematous 
kind, such as is sometimes caused by excessive 
salivation, the infiltrated fluid may be pressed 
back by the hand of the practitioner, to get the 
tongue behind the teeth; and it may be kept 
there by a piece of gauze tied over the mouth. 
The chronic, elongated kind sometimes requires 
amputation of a portion of the organ. 
GLOSSOCOMA, Glossospasmus. 
GLOSSOC'OMON, Glossoc'omum, Glossoeomi'- 
on, from yXuaaa, ' the tongue,' and xpcivo, ' to 
guard.' The ancients gave this name to a small 
case for holding the tongues of their wind-instru- 
ments. By extension, it was applied to the box 
or cradle in which fractured limbs were kept. We 
find, in the ancient writers, a Glossocomon of Hip- 
pocrates, of Nymphodorus, Galen, <tc. 
GLOSSODESMUS, Fraenum linguae. 
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TICUS. That which be- 
longs to the tongue and epiglottis. Some anato- 
mists have so denominated certain fleshy fibres, 
which pass from the base of the tongue towards 
the epiglottis. These muscles are more evident 
in some of the mammalia than in man; and their 
use seems to be,-to raise the epiglottis, and to 
remove it farther from the glottis. Santorini, 
who described them after Eustachius, calls them 
Retracto'rcs Epiqlot'tidis. 
GLOSSO-EPIGLOT'TIC LIG'AMENTS, 
Frana epiglot'tidis. Three folds of mucous mem- 
brane, which connect the anterior surface of the 
epiglottis with the root of the tongue. 
GLOSSOG'RAPHY,Gtowoyr«>*ifl, from yXwtr- 
<ra, 'the tongue,' and ypa<j>n, 'a description.' An 
anatomical description of the tongue. GLOSSO-HYAL 
GLOSSO-HYAL. A name given, by Geoffrey 
Saint-Hilaire, to the posterior cornua of the os 
hyoides. 
GLOSSOL'OGY, Glossolog"ia, from yXuiaaa, 
'the tongue,'and Aoyof, 'a treatise,' ' a discourse.' 
A treatise on the tongue. 
GLOSSOL'YSIS, Glossople'gia, Paral'ysis lin- 
gua, P. Nervi hypoglossi, from yXmaaa, ' the 
tongue,' and Atxnf, 'solution.' Paralysis of the 
tongue. 
GLOSSOMANTI'A, Prognosis ex linguct, from 
yXwao-a, ' the tongue,' and yavreia, ' divination.' 
Prognosis from the state of the tongue. 
GLOSSOMEGISTUS, Glossocele, Paraglosse. 
GLOSSON'CUS, from yu>Xaaa, 'the tongue,'and 
oyKos, ' tumour.' Exonco'sis lingua. Swelling 
of the tongue. 
Glossoncus Inflammatorius, Glossitis. 
GLOSSO-PALATINUS, Glosso-staphylinus- 
g. Pharyngeal, Pharyngo-glossal. 
GLOSSO-PHARYNGEAL, Glosso-pharyngeus 
-g. p. Nerve, Pharyngo-glossal nerve. 
GLOSSO-PHARYNGEUS, Glosso-pharyngeal, 
from yXoxrcra, 'the tongue,' and 0apuy£, 'the pha- 
rynx.' Belonging to the tongue and pharynx. 
Some anatomists thus designate certain fleshy 
bundles, which arise from the lateral parts of the 
base of the tongue, and are inserted into the pa- 
rietes of the pharynx. They form part of the 
constrictor pharyngis superior. 
GLOSSOPLEGIA, Glossolysis. 
GLOSSOPTOSIS, Glossocele. 
GLOSSOSCIRRHUS, Glossocarcinoma. 
GLOSSOSCOP'IA, from yXuiaua, 'the tongue,' 
and axorrew, ' I view.' Inspection of the tongue 
as an index of disease. 
G LOSSOSP AS'MUS, Glossoco'ma, Spasmus 
lin'gua, from yXwraa, ' the tongue,' and triraapos, 
'spasm.' Cramp or spasm of the tongue. 
GLOSSOSPA'THA, Spat'ula pro ore, from 
yXuaaa, 'the tongue,' and aitadn, 'spatula.' A 
spatula for pressing down the tongue to enable 
the fauces to be examined. 
GLOSSO-STAPHYLI'NUS, from yXuava, 'the 
tongue,' and araipvXri, ' the uvula.' Glossopalati'- 
nus, Pala'to-glossus, Gonstric'tor Isthmi Fau'cium. 
A small, thin, narrow, and long muscle, which 
arises from the base of the tongue, and is insert- 
ed at the inferior and lateral part of the velum 
palati, in the anterior pillar of which it is situate. 
Its use is to contract the isthmus faucium, by de- 
pressing the venum palati, and raising the base 
of the tongue. 
GLOSSOSTERE'SIS, Lingua extirpa'tio, from 
yXwaira, 'the tongue,' and arcfmais, 'privation.' 
Extirpation of the tongue. 
GLOSSOSTROPII'IA, from yXutaaa, 'tongue,' 
and arpi<l>u>, ' I turn.' Doubling of the point of 
the tongue upwards and backwards, - said to 
have been a mode of suicide. (?) 
GLOSSOT'OMY, Glossotom'ia, from yXuiaaa, 
'the tongue,' and rc/ivciv, 'to cut.' Dissection of 
the tongue. Amputation of the tongue. 
GLOSSYPERTROPH'IA, from yXuxrtra, 'the 
tongue,' 'vircp, ' over,' and rpc<pciv, ' to nourish.' 
Hypertrophy or supernutrition of the tongue. 
GLOTTA, Glossa, Tongue. 
GLOTTIS, yXurrrts, (also, the mouth-piece of a 
flute,') Lig'ula. A small oblong aperture, in the la- 
rynx, comprised between the chorda vocales. It is 
narrow, anteriorly; wider, posteriorly; and is ca- 
pable of being modified by muscular contraction, 
as may be required by the voice. It is by the 
chordae vocales. that voice is produced. The 
410 
GLUTEAL 
glottis is nearly an inch long in the adult male: 
less in the female and child. 
Glottis is, by some, used synonymously with 
ventricle of the larynx: with others, it includes 
the whole of the larynx. 
Glottis, Lips of the, Thyreo-arytenoid liga- 
ments. 
GLOUGLOU D'UNE BOUTEILLE, Gurg- 
ling. 
GL 0 UTERON, Arctium Lappa-g. Petit, Xan- 
thium. 
GLOUTIUS, Gluteal-g. Maximus et extimus, 
Glutaeus maximus-g. Secundus et medius, Glu- 
treus medius-g. Tertius et intimus, Glutaeus mi- 
nimus. 
GLOUTON, Glutton. 
GLOW WORM, Cicindela. 
GLUANT, Glutinous. 
GLUCOSE, from yXv«vf, ' sweet.' Grape sugar, 
Fruit sugar, Starch sugar, Diabetic sugar, Honey 
sugar. A variety of sugar, that occurs naturally 
in many vegetable juices, and in honey. Com- 
pared with cane sugar, it is much less soluble in 
water, and less disposed to crystallise ; and, when 
injected into the blood-vessels, does not pass off 
to the like extent by the kidneys. 
GLUCOSURIA, Diabetes mellitus. 
GLUE BONE, Osteocolla. 
GLUE FISH, Ichthyocolla. 
GLUTJEUS MAGNUS, G. major -g. Major, 
G. Maximus. 
Glutaz'us Max'imtts, Gluta'us major, Maxi- 
mus et ex'timus glou'tius, G. magnus, Ilio-sacro- 
femoral; Sacro-femoral, (Ch.,) (F.) Muscle grand 
fessier. This muscle is situate at the posterior 
part of the pelvis, and at the upper and posterior 
part of the thigh. It is large, thick, and quadri- 
lateral ; and is attached, above, to the posterior part 
of the crista ilii, to the part of the ilium com- 
prised between the crista and the upper curved 
line, to the posterior surface of the sacrum, coc- 
cyx, and great sacro-sciatie ligament; and below, 
it terminates by a broad aponeurosis, which is 
inserted into the rugged surface that descends 
from the trochanter major to the linea aspera of 
the femur. This muscle extends the thigh on the 
pelvis, and rotates the thigh outwards. It is 
greatly concerned in station and progression. 
GluTjE'us Me'dius, Glou'tius Secun'dus et Me'- 
dius, (F.) Ilio-trochanterien ; Grand Rio-trochan- 
terien, (Ch.,) Moyen Fessier. This muscle is si- 
tuate in part beneath the preceding; it is broad, 
very thick, radiated, and triangular; attached, 
above, to the crista ilii, and to the part of the 
outer surface of that bone comprised between the 
three anterior fourths of its crista, its upper 
curved line, and its lower; and below, it ends by 
a tendon, inserted at the upper edge of the great 
trochanter. It is an abductor of the thigh; but 
can turn the thigh outwards or inwards, accord- 
ing as its posterior or inferior fibres are thrown 
separately into contraction. 
GluTjE'us Mnt'iMUS,Gluta'usminor, Ilio-ischii- 
trochanttrien, Ter'tius et In'timus Glou'tius (F.) 
Petit Fessier; - Petit Ilio-trochanterien (Ch.) 
This muscle, which is situate beneath the preced- 
ing, is flat, triangular, and with radiated fibres. 
It is attached, above, to the external surface of 
the os ilii, from the inferior curved line to the 
acetabulum; and, below, is inserted into the an- 
terior part of the great trochanter. It has the 
same uses as the preceding. 
Glutasus Mixon, G. minimus. 
GLU'TEAL, Glou'tius, Glut&.'us, from yXouroj, 
'the nates,' or 'buttocks.' (F.) Fessier. That 
which belongs or relates to the nates. This name 
has been given to many parts which compose the 
nates. GLUTEN 
Gluteal Aponeurosis. The upper and back 
part of the femoral fascia. In it is a remarkable 
opening, called the gluteal arch, for the passage 
of the gluteal vessels and nerves. 
Gluteal Arch, see Gluteal aponeurosis. 
Gluteal Artery, Posterior Il'iac Artery, 
(F.) Artere fessiere, is one of the largest branches 
of the hypogastric. It makes its exit from the 
pelvis at the upper part of the superior sciatic 
foramen; gains the posterior part of the pelvis, 
and divides into two branches; - the one super- 
ficial, the other deep-seated. The last subdivides 
into three secondary branches, whose ramifica- 
tions are distributed particularly to the Glutai, 
Longissimus Dorsi, Sacro-lumbalis, Ac., and anas- 
tomose with the sciatic and internal circumflex 
arteries. 
Gluteal Nerve, (F.) Nerf Fessier, is a large 
branch, furnished by the 5th pair of lumbar 
nerves. It is chiefly distributed to the glutaei 
muscles. 
Gluteal Vein, (F.) Veine fessiere, follows the 
same march as the artery of the same name. 
GLUTEN, Glu'tinum, Lentor, 'glue, paste.' 
Veg"etable Gluten, Veg"etable Ca'sein. An im- 
mediate principle of vegetables. It is soft, of a 
grayish white, viscid consistence, and very elastic. 
Exposed to the air, it becomes hard, brown, and 
fragile; and, in moist air, putrefies. Water and 
alcohol do not dissolve it. It is soluble in vege- 
table, and in weak mineral acids, at a high tem- 
perature. The farinee, in which it is found, are 
those preferred for the preparation of bread; on 
account of the property it has of making the 
paste rise. It is a compound of protein, and 
hence has been ranged amongst the "proteina- 
ceous alimentary principles" by Dr. Pereira. By 
washing wheaten dough with a stream of water, 
the gum, sugar, starch and vegetable albumens 
are removed: the ductile, tenacious, elastic, gray 
mass left is the gluten, common gluten, Beccaria's 
gluten. Pure gluten is the soluble portion on 
boiling common gluten in alcohol. 
Gluten Articulorum, Synovia-g. Beccaria's, 
see Gluten - g. Bread, see Bread, gluten - g. 
Common, sec Gluten-g. Pure, see Gluten. 
GLUTI, Nates. 
GLUTIA, Nates, Quadrigemina corpora 
GLUTINANS, Agglutinant. 
GLUTINATIF, Agglutinant. 
GLUTINATIO, Agglutination. 
GLUTINEUX, Glutinous. 
GLU'TINOUS, Glutino'sus, Collo'des, from 
gluten, 'paste, glue.' (F.) Glutineux, Gluant. 
An epithet given to substances taken from the 
animal or vegetable kingdom, and endowed with 
unusual viscidity. The decoctions of marsh- 
mallows, and figs, and the jelly of hartshorn, are 
said to be glutinous. 
GLUTINUM, Gluten. 
GLUTOI, Nates. 
GLUTTON, same etymon as the next. Gas- 
trimar'gus, Hel'luo, Mando, Gulo'sus, Lurco, (F.) 
fr/owton, Gourmand, Goulu. An excessive eater. 
GLUT'TONY, from glutio, ' I swallow,' gluttus, 
' the gullet.' Limo'sis Hclluo'num, Gastris'mus, 
(F.) Gonrmandise. Excessive appetite, owing 
often to habitual indulgence. 
GLUTTUS, (Esophagus. 
GLUTUS, Trochanter major. 
GLYCANSIS, Edulcoration. 
GLYCAS'MA, from yXvKvs, 'sweet.' A sweet 
wine, prepared from must.-Linden. 
GLYCERATON, Glycyrrhiza. 
GLYCERIN, see Fat. 
GLYCIPICROS, Solanum dulcamara. 
GLYCISIDE, Paionia. 
411 
GOACONAX 
GLYCYPHYTON, Glycyrrhiza. 
GLYCYRRHI'ZA, from yXv*vf, 'sweet/ and 
pi(a, ' a root.' Glycyrrhi'za Glabra seu Lavis, 
Liquorit"ia Scyth'ica, Glycera'ton, Glycyph'yton, 
Liq'uorice, Lic'orice, Adip'sos, Alcacas, Al'imos, 
(F.) Beglisse. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Syst. 
Diadelphia Decandria. The root of this southern 
European plant is inodorous; has a sweet taste; 
is mucilaginous; and leaves, when unpeeled, a 
degree of bitterness in the mouth. It is used as 
a demulcent, and chiefly in catarrh. The extract, 
made from it and sold in the shops, is known 
under the name Spanish Liquorice or Liquorice 
Juice, (F.) Jus de Beglisse. 
Pectoral Balsam of Liquorice-a quack prepa- 
ration- is said by Dr. Paris to consist chiefly of 
Paregoric Elixir, strongly impregnated with Oil 
of Aniseed. 
GLYCYRRHCE'A, from yXv«vy, 'sweet/ and 
pew, ' I flow.' A discharge of saccharine fluid 
from the system. 
Glycyrrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
GLYSTER HERBS, Herbee pro Enem'ate. 
The herbs ordinarily sold by the English apothe- 
cary under this title, are: - mallow leaves, one 
part; chamomile flowers, one part. (5*ss t° Q) 
of water.) 
GN AMPSIS, Curvature. 
GNAPHALIUM DIOICUM, Antennaria 
dioica. 
Gnaphalium Margarita'ceum; Cudweed, Life 
everlasting. An indigenous plant, growing in 
woods and fields, and flowering in August. Its 
virtues are not defined, and the same may be 
said of 
Gnaphalium Polyceph'alum; Sweet-scented 
Life everlasting. 
GNATIIALGIA, Neuralgia maxillaris. 
GNATHANCYLO'SIS, from yva0Of, 'the jaw/ 
and uyKuXwo-if, 'stiffness of joint.' Ancylosis of 
the lower jaw. 
GNATHI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gentt, from yraflo;, 
' the cheek, the jaw.' Inflammation of the cheek 
or upper jaw. 
GNATHMUS, Gnathus. 
GNATIIOCEPII'ALUS, from yvafloj, 'the jaw/ 
and ȣ0aXv, 'head.' A monster who has no head 
visible externally, but exhibits voluminous jaws. 
-G. St. Hilaire. 
GNATHOCYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea. 
GNATHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia maxil- 
laris. 
GNATIIOPLAS'TICE, from yvados, 'cheek/ 
and rXaariKos, 'formative.' The formation of an 
artificial cheek. 
GNATHOPLE'GIA, Gnathoparal'ysis, from 
•yvaOos, and n-Xijyij, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
cheek. Gnathoparalysis is employed by Fuchs 
to signify paralysis of the lesser portion of the 
trifacial nerve, which supplies the muscles of 
mastication. 
GNATHORRHAG''IA, from yvaBo$, and epny- 
vv/ji, ' to burst forth.' Hemorrhage from the in- 
ternal surface of the cheeks. 
GNATHOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
GNATHUS, Gnathmus, from Kvaw, 'I scrape, 
rub.' The cheek, the/gw. Also, the part of the 
jaws in which the teeth are fixed.-Hippoeiates, 
Foesius. See Bucca, Gena, and Maxillary Bone. 
GNESIOS, Legitimate. 
GNOME, Intellect. 
GNOSIS, yvwtrtf, 'knowledge.' A common 
suffix, as in Biagno'sis, Prognosis, <tc. 
GOACONAX, see Toluifera balsamnm. GOATS' BEARD 
GOATS' BEARD, COMMON, Tragopogon. 
GOATS' MILK, see Milk, goats' - g. Milk, 
artificial, see Milk, goats'-g. Thorn, Astragalus 
verus. z 
GOBELET EMETIQUE, Goblet, emetic. 
GOBLET, EMETIC, Poc'ulum emet'icum, Ca- 
lix vomito'ria, (F.) Gobelet eruetique. A vessel, 
made by pouring melted antimony into a mould. 
By putting wine into this and a.'owing it to stand 
some time, it acquires the property of producing 
vomiting. This kind of emetic has been long 
rejected, as the practitioner could never be certain 
of the dose he exhibited. 
GODESBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters at Godesberg, a German mile from 
Bonn, are an efficacious, acidulous chalybeate, 
formerly known by the name, Draitsch Water. 
They contain chloride of sodium, carbonate of 
soda, carbonate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, 
and carbonate of iron. 
GODFREY'S COR'DIAL. A celebrated nos- 
trum, for which Dr. Paris has given the following 
formula. Infuse of sassafras and of the seeds 
of Carraway, coriander, and anise, each in 
six pints of water. Simmer the mixture until re- 
duced to tbiv: then add tbvj of treacle, and boil 
the whole for a few minutes. When cold, add 
of tincture of opium. The following form is 
recommended by a committee of the Philadelphia 
college of Pharmacy. Tinct. Opii, Oiss ; Syrupi 
Nigri, Oxvj ; Alcoholis, Oij ; Aqua, Oxxvj ; Car- 
bonates Potassa, ; Olei Sassafras, M. 
It is anodyne. 
GODRONNE, (Canal,) Cana'lis Petitia'nus, 
Couronne ciliaire, Canal de Petit, Canal gou- 
dronne, Canal or Bul'lular Canal of Petit. Petit 
gave this name (from (F.) godron, 'a plait or 
fold,') to the semicircular canal, formed by the 
tunica hyaloidea around the edge of the crystal- 
line ; because it appears, as it were, plaited or 
festooned. 
GOGGLE-EYE, Strabismus. 
GOITRE, Bronchocele - g. Leaf, see Lami- 
naria. 
GOITRE STICKS. In South America the 
stems of a seaweed are so called, because they 
are chewed by the inhabitants where goitre pre- 
vails.-Royle. 
GOIT'ROUS, (F.) Gditreux. Relating or ap- 
pertaining to goitre. One affected by Goitre or 
Bronchocele,- Goitred. 
GOLD, Aurum, Ohrysos, Sol, Rex metallo'rum, 
(F.) Or. A solid, yellow, very brilliant, hard, 
very ductile, malleable, tenacious, and heavy 
metal; found in nature, either in its native state, 
or combined with a little silver, copper, or iron. 
S. g. 19-25. 
Muriate of Gold, Chloride of Gold, Auri Chlo'- 
ridum, A. Terchlo'ridum, A. Mu'rias, A. Chloru- 
re'tum, Auru.n Muriat'icum,A.Chlora'tum, A. Oxy- 
dula'tum muriat'icum, A. Sali'tum, (F.) Chlorure 
d'or, Muriate d'or, Hydro-chlorate d'or has been 
admitted into the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States, and into that of Paris, Ac. The formulae, 
however, differ. That of the United States is a 
muriate with two bases; and is prepared, accor- 
ding to the form of Dr. Chrestien, by dissolving 
the gold in a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, 
and adding chloride of sodium to the residuum 
after evaporation ; then redissolving and evapo- 
rating slowly to dryness. The Parisian formula 
for the Muriate d'or, Murias seu Chlorure'tum 
Auri, consists in simply dissolving the gold in 
the acids, and evaporating to dryness. It has 
been recommended as an antisyphilitic in old, re- 
bellious, venereal affections, exostoses, and in ve- 
nereal. scrofulous or cancerous glandular enlarge- 
ments. Lose, gr. l-8th to gr. ss, rubbed on the 
412 
GOMPHOSIS 
tongue or gums. Internally, one-sixteenth of a 
grain, in pill. 
Various other preparations, as the Cy'anide or 
Tercy'anide, (Auri Cyan'idum, A. Cyanure'tum, 
A. Tercyan'idum, (F.) Cyanure d'or ;) the metal- 
lic gold in a state of division (Aurum metal'licum, 
Pulvis Auri, (F.) Or divine,) obtained by amal- 
gamating gold with mercury and driving the 
latter off by heat; and in the form of filings (Au- 
rum lima'turn ; the Chloride of Gold and Sodium, 
(Aurum muriat'icum natrona'tum, A. muriat'icum, 
A. chlora'tum natro'natum, Chlore'tum Au'ricum 
Chlore'to na'trii, Mu'riae Au'rico-na'tricum, 
Chlorure'tum auri et natrii, So'dii auro-terchlo'- 
ridum, Hydrochlorate or muriate of Gold and 
Soda, (F.) Chlorure d'or et de Sodium, Hydro- 
ehlorate ou muriate d'or et de Soude; the Nitro- 
muriate of Gold, (Aurum Nitrico-muriat'icum, 
Auri nitromu'riae, (F.) Nitromuriate d'or ;) the 
Oxide of Gold, (Auri Ox'idum, Aurum Oxida'- 
tum, Auri terox'idum, Perox'ide of gold, Auric 
acid, (F.) Oxide d'or); and the Iodide of Gold, 
(.Auri lo'didum, A. lodure' turn, (F.) lodure d'or,) 
have been employed in the like affections, and 
with similar results. 
Gold-Beater's Skin. The intestina recta of 
the ox, which have been beaten quite smooth, for 
the manufacture of gold leaf. Used as a defen- 
sive dressing for slight cuts, &c. 
Gold, Chloride of, see Gold-g. Cyanide of, 
see Gold-g. Hydrochlorate of, see Gold-g. Io- 
dide of, see Gold - g. Muriate of, see Gold - g. 
Nitro-muriate of, see Gold-g. Oxide of, see Gold 
-g. Peroxide of, see Gold-g. Tercyanide of, see 
Gold-g. and Sodium, Chloride of oxide of, see 
Gold-g. and Soda, hydrochlorate of, see Gold- 
g. and Soda, muriate of, see Gold. 
Gold Leaf, Aurum folia'tum, Aurum in libel'- 
li». Used to gild pills and to plug carious teeth. 
Gold Thread, Coptis. 
GOLDEN ROD, Solidago virgaurea - g. r. 
Rigid, Solidago rigida - g. Seal, see Calumba, 
Hydrastis Canadensis. 
GOLDENS, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
GOLDWASSER, see Spirit. 
GOLFE, Sinus-g. de la Veine jugulaire, see 
Jugular veins. 
GOLUNCHA, Menispermum cordifolium. 
GOMME, Gumma, Gummi-g. Adragant, Tra- 
gacanth- g. Ammoniaque, Ammoniac gum-g. 
Arabique, Acacise gummi - g. Astringente de 
Gambie, see Butea frondosa - g. Caragne, Ca- 
ranna-g. Carane, Caranna-g. de Ga'iac, Guaia- 
cum-g. Gutte, Cambogia-g. de Lierre, see He- 
dera helix-g. du Pays, Gummi nostras-g. Se- 
raphique, Sagapenum. 
GOMPHI'ASIS, Gomphian'mue, from yop<pos, 
'a nail.' A disease of the teeth, and particularly of 
the molares; looseness of the teeth in their sockets. 
Agomphia'nis. Pain in the teeth. Odontalgia. 
GOMPHIASMUS, Gomphiasis. 
GOMPHIOI, Molar teeth. 
GOMPHOCAR'PUS CRISPUS. A South 
African plant, the root of which, formerly known 
to the Dutch apothecaries as Radix Aeclepiadie 
crinpce, is extremely bitter and acrid; and, on 
account of its diuretic virtues, a decoction or in- 
fusion of it has been advised in various kinds of 
dropsy. A tincture of it is said to be valuable 
in colic. 
GOMPHOMA, Gomphosis. 
GOMPHO'SIS, Cardinamen'tum, Clara'tio, 
Gompho'ma, Coagmenta'tio, Inclava'tio, from yop- 
<pos, ' a nail.' Engompho'eie. An immovable ar- 
ticulation, in which one bone is received into 
another, like a nail or peg into its hole. Gom- 
phosis is only met with in the articulations of the GOMPHUS 
teeth with the alveoli. It is, also, called Articu- 
lation par implantation. 
. GOMPHUS, Clavus. 
GONACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
GONACRATIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
GON'AGRA, Gon'yagra, from yovv, 'the knee,' 
and aypa, 'a prey.' " That which attacks the knees." 
Gout in the knees. Paracelsus calls it Gen'ugra. 
GONAL'GIA, from yovv, 'the knee,' and aXyos, 
' pain.' Pain in the knee. Gonyal' gia. This is 
almost always produced by gout. It may, how- 
ever, depend on some other disease, either of the 
knee or of another part-particularly of the hip- 
joint. 
GONARTHRI'TIS, from yovv, ' the knee,' 
apdpov, 'joint,' and itie, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the knee-joint. 
GONARTHROCACE, Gonocace. 
GON AURA, see Sperm. 
GONDOLE OGULAIRE, Scaphium oculare. 
GONDRET'S AMMONIACAL CAUSTIC, 
Pommade de Gondret-g. Counter-irritant, Pom- 
made de Gondret. 
GONE, Gonos, Genitu'ra. The semen; (hence, 
gonorrhoea)-the uterus, offspring. Hippocrates. 
See Epigone and Generation. 
GONECYSTIDES, Vesicul® seminales. 
GONECYSTI'TIS, Inflamma'tio veeicula'rum 
semina'lium, from yovrj, 'sperm,' xvaris, 'bladder,' 
and iti», ' denoting inflammation.' Inflammation 
of the vesiculre seminales. 
GONEPtEUS, Spermatopoeus. 
GONEPOIETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
GONFLEMENT, Swelling. 
GONGRONA, Bronchocele. 
GONGROPHTHISIS, Pthisis pulmonalis. 
GONGYLIDIUM, Pilula. 
GONGYLION, Pilula. 
GONGYLIS, Pilula. 
GONIOM'ETER, Goniom'etrum ; from yuivia, 
' an angle,' and ptrpov, ' a measure.' An instru- 
ment for measuring angles. 
A ' Facial Goniometer' has been invented by 
Mr. Turnpenny, of Philadelphia, which is well 
adapted for measuring the facial angle. 
GONOBOLIA, Ejaculation, spermatic. 
GONOC'ACE, Gonarthroc'ace, from yovv, 'the 
knee,' and Katas, ' evil.' Tumor genu albus. 
White swelling of the knee. Hydrarthus. 
GONOCELE, Spermatocele. 
GONOI'DES, from yovn, 'seed,' and tiios, 'ap- 
pearance.' Genitu'rce eim'ilin. Similar to sperm. 
Sperm'atoid, Spermatoi'dee, Spermato'dee. A term 
appropriated to any substance which resembles 
sperm. 
GONOPOIETICUS, Spermatopoeus. 
GON ORRHEE BATARDE, Gonorrhoea 
spuria. 
GONORRHCE'A. Erroneously called from 
yovn, 'sperm,' and ptw, 'I flow,' because the older 
writers believed it to be a flux of semen. Blen- 
norrhag"ia, Blennorrhoe'a, Blennure'thria, Phal- 
lorrhoe'a, Medorrhoe'a, M. viri'lie, Catar'rhus Go- 
norrhoe'a, G. ure'three, Urethri'tis, Inflamma'tio 
ure'three, Urethral'gia, Proflu'viurn muco'sum 
ure'three, Blennorrhoe'a urethra'lie, Catarrhue ure- 
thra'Us, (F.) Ecoulement, Urethrite, Uretrite. An 
inflammatory discharge of mucus from the mem- 
brane of the urethra in both sexes ; and from that 
of the prepuce in man, and the vagina in woman. 
It may be excited spontaneously, or by irritants 
applied directly to the membrane; but is, usually, 
produced by impure connexion. Two great va- 
rieties have been generally reckoned.-1. Gonor- 
rhoea Pura vel Benig'na. That which does 
not follow an impure connexion; (F.) Echauffe- 
413 
GONORRHCEA 
ment, Blennorrhag"ia benigna, Caulorrhoe'a 
benig'na, Catar'rhua Ure'three, Gonorrhce'a ca- 
tarrhs'lie, G. non contagio'aa : - and 2. Gonor- 
rhoea Impu'ra, malig'na, contagio'aa, ayphilit'ica, 
et virulen'ta ; Fluor albua malig' nua, Fluxua ve- 
ne'reua, Blennorrhce'a luo'dea, Myxio'aia, Luea 
gonorrho'ica, Scroph'ulee gonorrho'icce, Tuber'- 
cula gonorrho'ica, Clap, (F.) Chaudepiaae; that 
which is the result of impure commerce. The 
French, also, distinguish the Chaudepiaae aeche, 
or that unaccompanied with discharge; and the 
Chaudepiaae chordee, Gonnorrhvea corda'ta, or 
that accompanied with chordee, and which, of 
course, occurs only in the male. It is the kind 
that most frequently engages the attention of 
the practitioner, and is characterized by mucous 
discharge from the urethra or vagina, intermixed 
with specific matter, and accompanied by burn- 
ing pain on micturition. It is decidedly infec- 
tious. It is, however, a distinct disease from 
syphilis, and never produces it. Its duration is 
various, but the inflammatory symptoms usually 
subside in four or five weeks ; leaving generally 
behind more or less of the gonorrhoea mucosa or 
gleet. Gonorrhoea of every kind, attended with 
any inflammatory symptoms, is best treated by 
the antiphlogistic regimen ; avoiding every kind 
of irritation, and keeping the body cool by small 
doses of salts, and the urine diluted by the mild- 
est fluids. After the inflammatory symptoms 
have subsided, cubebs, or the balsam of copaiba, 
exhibited in the dose of a teaspoonful, three times 
a day, will be found effectual: indeed, during the 
existence of the inflammatory symptoms, it often 
affords decided relief. Injections are rarely re- 
quired. 
Sometimes, gonorrhoea affects the glans; when 
it is called Gonorrhcea Spu'ria, G. Bal'ani, Ba- 
lanoblennorrhoe'a, Balannorrhoe'a, Balani'tia, 
Blennorrhag"ia apu'ria vel notha, (F.) Blennor- 
rhagie du gland, Gonorrhea. batarde, Fauaae Blen- 
norrhagie. It requires only cleanliness and cool- 
ing lotions. 
Some other varieties of gonorrhoea have been 
enumerated, but they are of little moment. 
In consequence of repeated attacks of gonor- 
rhoea, or of the debility induced by a single at- 
tack, it not unfrequently happens, as already re- 
marked, that a constant, small discharge occurs, 
or remains behind, after all danger of infection 
is removed. The great difference between it and 
gonorrhoea is, that it is uninfectious. The dis- 
charge consists of globular particles, contained 
in a slimy mucus, and is generally devoid of that 
yellow colour which characterizes the discharge 
of gonorrhoea virulenta. It is unattended with 
pain, scalding, <fcc. To this state the names 
Gleet, Gonorrhce'a muco'aa, Blennorrhce'a chron'- 
ica, Blennorrhce'a, &c., have been given. It is 
commonly a disease of some duration, and de- 
mands the use of the copaiba, astringent injec- 
tions; and, if obstinate, the introduction of the 
bougie. 
Gonorrhoea Balani, G. spuria - g. Benigna, 
Leucorrhcea-g. Catarrhalis, G. pura - g. Chor- 
data, Chordee. 
Gonorrhoea Dormien'tium, G. Oneirog'onoa. 
The seminal discharge which occurs luring sleep, 
and is occasioned by libidinous dreams. See Pol- 
lution. 
Gonorrhoea Laxo'rem, G. libidino'aa, Sper- 
morrhoe'a aton'ica, consists of a pellucid discharge 
from the urethra, whilst awake, without erection 
of the penis, but with venereal thoughts. 
Gonorrhoea Laxorum, Pollution, G. libidinosa 
-g. Mucosa, (gleet,) see Gonorrhoea-g. Non con- 
tagiosa, G. pura - g. Notha inveterata, Leucor- GONOS 
rtioea - g. Oneirogonos, G. dormientium, Pollu- 
tion-g. Vera, Pollution, Spermatorrhoea. 
GONOS, Gone. 
GONOSTROMA, Proligerous disc. 
GONY, yow, Genu, ' the kneehence : 
GONYAGRA, Gonagra. 
GONYALGIA, Gonalgia. 
GONYC'ROTUS, from yovv, 'the knee,' and 
rporcu, ' I strike.' One who is knock-kneed, or 
in-kneed. See Entogonyancon. 
GONYON'CUS, from yovv, 'the knee,' and 
oyKos, ' a tumour.' A swelling of the knee. 
GOODYE'RA PUBES'CENS, Tussa'ca reti- 
cula'ta, Satyr'ium, Neott'ia, Rattlesnake leaf, 
Rattlesnake Plantain, Networt, Netleaf, Scrofula 
weed. An indigenous plant, used empirically in 
scrofula - the fresh leaves being applied to the 
sores. It is employed by the Indians. 
GOOSEFOOT, Chenopodium anthelminticum 
- g. Angular-leaved, Chenopodium bonus Hen- 
licus-g. Stinking, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
GOOSEGRASS, Galium aparine, G. verum. 
GOOSESIIARE, Galium aparine. 
GOOSESKIN, Ilorrida cutis. 
GORDIUS MEDINENSIS, Dracunculus. 
GORGE, Throat-g. Grosse, Bronchocele-g. 
Mai de, Cynanche. 
GORGERET, Gorget - g. Lithotome, Gorget, 
lithotomy-g. d Repoussoir, see Gorget. 
GORGET, from (F.) gorge, 'the throat.' Ca- 
na'lis canalicula'tus, Ductor canalicula'tus, (F.) 
Gorgeret. An instrument representing a long 
gutter, in the shape of a throat, which is espe- 
cially employed in the operations of lithotomy 
and fistula in ano. 
Gorget, Cutting, see Gorget, and Lithotomy. 
Gorget, Lithot'omy, (F.) Gorgeret Lithotome, 
Cutting Gorget, is the one used in the operation 
for the stone, for the purpose of dividing the 
prostate and the neck of the bladder, so as to 
enable the surgeon to introduce the forceps and 
extract the stone. At the end of this gorget is a 
crest or beak, which fits the groove of the staff, 
and admits of the gorget being passed along it 
into the bladder. Besides cutting, there are also 
blunt gorgets, intended to be introduced into the 
wound - their concavity serving as a guide for 
the forceps into the bladder. 
The chief modifications in the gorget have been 
made by Andouillet, Bell, Blicke, Bromfield, Cline, 
Desault, Foubert, Hawkins, Larrey, Lefevre, Mi- 
chaelis, Thomas, <fcc. 
Gorget for Fistula in Ano consists of a 
semi-cylindrical wooden staff, four inches long, 
without including the handle, and furnished with 
a wide groove. This is introduced into the rec- 
tum, to prevent the point of the bistoury from 
injuring the intestine, when the internal orifice 
of the fistula is deeply situate, and it is desirable 
to perform the operation by incision. This in- 
strument, invented by Marchettis, has been mo- 
dified by Percy, Runge, <fcc. 
Desault invented an instrument for conducting 
the wire by the anus, in the operation for fistula 
by ligature. He called it Gorgeret d repoussoir. 
GORGO'NEI FONTES. Fountains described 
by Libavius as containing water which possessed 
a petrifying property; probably, water holding 
in solution supercarbonate of lime. 
GORGOSSET, Pyrosis. 
GO SI ER, Pharynx, Throat 
GOSS UM, Bronchocele. 
GOSSYP'IUM, Gossyp'ium Herba'ceum; Gos- 
Svp'ion Xylon, Xylum, Bombax, Cotton, (F.) Co- 
ton. Family, Malvaceae. Sex. Syst. Monadel- 
phia Polyandria. The seeds of the Cotton Tree, 
Gossip' ium arbor'eum, have been administered in 
GOUT 
coughs, on account of the mucilage they contain. 
The cotton wool is used in medicine for making 
moxas, &c. 
GOTIUM, Bronchocele. 
GOUDRON, see Pinus sylvestris. 
GOUET, Arum maculatum. 
GOUETRE, Bronchocele. 
GOULARD'S LOTION, see Lotion, Goulard's. 
Goulard Water, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
dilutus. 
GOULU, Glutton. 
GOURD, Cucurbita-g. Bitter, Cucumis colo- 
cynthis-g. Bottle, Cucurbita pepo. 
GOURD WORM, Distoma hepaticum. 
GOURMAND ISE, Gluttony. 
GOURME, Porrigo larvalis. Vulgarly, in 
France, any cutaneous eruption. 
GOUSSE, Legumen. 
GOUT, ArtArz'tfs, Arth'ragra, Arthral'gia, 
Morbus domino'rum, Malum articulo'rum, Morbus 
articula'ris, Gutta, Arthro'sia Pod'agra, Podal'- 
gia, Pod'agra, Arthrit'icus verus, Arthri'tis Po- 
dagra, Podagra Arthri'tis, Flux'io arthrit'ica, 
Febris arthrit'ica, F. Podag'rica, Arthrodyn'ia 
podag'rica, Cauma podag'ricum, Flerecin, Gas- 
tro-arthri'tis, Misopto'chos, (F.) Goutte. The 
gout was formerly regarded as a catarrh, and re- 
ceived its name from (F.) goutte, (L.) gutta, 'a 
dropbecause it was believed to be produced by 
a liquid, which distilled, goutte d goutte, ' drop 
by drop, on the diseased part. This name, which 
seems to have been first used about the year 
1270, has been admitted into the different lan- 
guages of Europe. Gout is an inflammation of 
the fibrous and ligamentous parts of the joints. 
It almost always attacks, first, the great toe ; 
whence it passes to the other smaller joints, after 
having produced, or been attended with, various 
sympathetic effects, particularly in the digestive 
organs : after this, it may attack the greater ar- 
ticulations. It is an affection which is extremely 
fugitive, and variable in its recurrence. It may 
be acquired or hereditary. In the former case, it 
rarely appears before the age of thirty-five; in 
the latter, it is frequently observed earlier. It is 
often difficult to distinguish it from rheumatism. 
A combination is, indeed, supposed to exist some- 
times ; hence called Rheumatic gout. During the 
paroxysm or fit, a burning, lancinating pain is 
experienced in the affected joint, attended with 
tumefaction, tension, and redness. One or more 
joints may be attacked, either at the same time 
or in succession; and, in either case, the attack 
terminates by resolution in a few days. This is 
the Arthri'tis acu'ta, inflammato'ria vel regula'- 
ris, Regular gout, Arthro'sia pod'agra regula'ris, 
Arth'ragra legit'ima seu vera seu genui'na seu 
norma'lis, (F.) Goutte rlguliere chaude. At other 
times, pains in the joints exist, of more or less 
acute character; the swelling being without red- 
ness. These pains persist, augment, and diminish 
irregularly, without exhibiting intermission, and, 
consequently, without having distinct paroxysms. 
The disease is then called atou'ic, asthen'ic, im- 
perfect or irregular gout, Chronic G., Arthri'tis 
aton'ica vel asthen'ica, Arthro'sia Podagra lar- 
va'ta, Dysarthri'tis. It is, also, commonly called 
in France Goutte froide, Goutte blanche. It may 
appear primarily, or succeed attacks of regular 
gout. 
Gout does not always confine itself to the joints. 
It may attack the internal organs: when it is 
called Arthritis aber'rans seu errat'ica seu pla- 
net'ica, Arth'ragra anom'ala, Pod'agra aber'rans, 
Vare'ni, Wandering, misplaced, or anomalous gout, 
(F.) Goutte vague. 
Ret'rograde gout, Arthritis retrog'rada, Poda- 
gra retrog'rada, Arthro'sia Podagra complied to, 
414 GOUT 
Bece'dent, mispla'ced flout, (F.) Goutte remontle, 
G. malplacee, G. rentree, is when it leaves the 
joints suddenly and attacks some internal organ, 
as the stomach, intestines, lungs, brain, Ac. 
Gout is also called, according to the part it 
may affect, Podagra, Gonagra, Chiragra, Ac. 
It may be acute or chronic, and may give rise to 
concretions, which are chiefly composed of urate 
of soda. See Calculus, (arthritic.) It may, also, 
give occasion to nodosities, when it is called Ar- 
thritis nodo'sa, (F.) Goutte noule. 
The treatment is of the antiphlogistic kind, 
and the local disorder should be but little inter- 
fered with. Colchicum seems to have great power 
over the disease. It forms the basis of the Eau 
midi 'inale d'Husson, a celebrated French gout- 
remedy. The bowels must be kept regular by 
rhubarb and magnesia; and a recurrence of the 
disease be prevented by abstemious habits. 
Gout, Diaphragmatic, Angina pectoris. 
Gout, Paper, so called, Charta antiarthrit'ica, 
Charta antirheumat'ica, is made by spreading a 
very thin layer of a mixture of an ethereal or 
spirituous extract of the bark of mezereon root, 
with wax, spermaceti, and oil, over the surface 
of paper. 
Gout, Rheumatic, see Rheumatism, acute-g. 
Weed, Ligusticum podagraria. 
GOUT, Taste. 
GOUTTE, Gout, Gutta- g. Blanche, Gout 
(atonic)-g. Froide, Gout (atonic)-g. Malplacle, 
Gout (retrograde)-g. Noule, Gout (with nodosi- 
ties) - g. Blguliere, chaude, Gout (regular) - g. 
Bemontle, Gout (retrograde)-g. Bentrle, Gout 
(retrograde)-g. Bose, Gutta rosea-g. Sciatique, 
Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea-g. Sereine, Amauro- 
sis-g. Vague, Gout (wandering.) 
GOUTTEUX, Arthritic, Podagric. 
GOUTTIEBE (F.), Collic"i<E. A gutter in a 
bone, like that used for carrying off rain. Some 
of these cavities are intended to facilitate the 
sliding of tendons, such as the Gouttiire Bicipi- 
tale or Bicip'ital groove. Others, as the Gout- 
tiere sagittate or Sagittal groove, lodge blood- 
vessels and especially veins. Others, again, are 
merely intended for the support of certain organs; 
as the Gouttiire basilaire or Bas' ilary fossa, which 
supports the medulla oblongata. 
GOUTTIEBE BASILAIBE, see Gouttiire- 
g. Bicipitale, Bicipital groove - g. Lacrymale, 
Lachrymal groove-g. Sacrl, Sacral groove - 
g. Sagittate, see Gouttiire. 
GOUTY RHEUMATISM, see Rheumatism, 
acute. 
GOUVEBNAIL DU TESTICULE, Guber- 
naculum testis. 
GOWLAND'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gow- 
land's. 
GOWN, RED, Strophulus-g. Yellow, Icterus 
infantum. 
GRACILARIA LICHENOIDES, Fucus amy- 
laceus. 
GRAC"ILIS, Macer, Macilen'tus. Slender, 
lean. Also, the slender Bectus inte'rior fem'oris 
sive Grac"ilis interior, Sous-pubio-crlti-tibial, 
Sous-pubio-prltibial (Ch.), Droit ou grele interne 
de la cuisse. This muscle is situate at the inside 
of the thigh. It is thin and very long; and 
arises from the descending ramus of the pubis, 
to be inserted at the inner and inferior part of 
the tuberosity of the tibia. It bends the leg and 
causes abduction of the thigh. See Grele. 
Gracilis, Anterior, Rectus femoris. 
GRAD'UATE, Gradua'tus, from gradus, ' a 
step,' 'a degree.' In medicine, one who has at- 
tained a degree, evidenced by a diploma-usually, 
the degree of doctor. 
GRA5A, ypaia. The pellicle, which forms on 
415 
GRANULATION 
milk. The folds of skin round the umbilicus. An 
old woman. 
GRAIN, Granum; the 60th part of a Troy, 
and the 72d part of a Poids de marc drachm. 
Grain, Oily, Sesamum orientale. 
GRAINE D'ECARLATE, Coccus cacti - g. 
Mute, Hibiscus abelmoschus-g. de Turquie, Zea 
mays - y. d'Aspic, see Phalaris Canariensis - g. 
de Paradis, Amoinum granum paradisi - g. de 
Perroquet, Carthamus tinctorius (seed) - g. de 
SantI, see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae. 
GRAISSE, Pinguede - g. de Mouton, Sevum 
- g. d'Oie, Adeps anserina - g. Oxygenee, Un- 
guentum acidi nitrosi - g. de Pore, Adeps prae- 
parata. 
GRAMEN JEGYPTIACUM, G. Crucis cype- 
rioidis-g. Caninum, Tritieum repens. 
Gramen Crucis CyperioI'dis, Gramen xEgyp- 
tiacum, AEgyp'tian Cock's foot grass. The roots 
and plants possess the virtues of the Tritieum 
repens, and have been recommended in the ear- 
lier stages of dropsy. They were, formerly, con- 
sidered to possess many other properties. 
Gramen Dioscoridis, Tritieum repens-g. Ma- 
jor, Sarsaparilla Germaniea-g. Orientale, J uncus 
odoratus - g. Repens, Tritieum repens - g. Ru- 
brum, Sarsaparilla Germaniea. 
GRAMIA, CHASS1E, Lippitudo. 
GRAMINIV'OROUS, Graminiv' orus, fromyra 
men, ' grass,' and voro, ' I eat.' Feeding or sub- 
sisting on grass. 
GRAMMARIUM, Scruple. 
GRAMME, ypapitT). An ancient weight, equi- 
valent to the 24th part of an ounce, or to 24 
grains, or a scruple, avoirdupois. At the present 
day, the gramme is equal in weight to a cubed 
centimetre of water; or to 18 grains, poids de 
marc-15.434 grains, Troy. 
Gramme, Iris, Line. 
GRANA, Hemicrania - g. Molucca, Croton 
tiglium - g. Moschi, Hibiscus abelmoschus - g. 
Orientis, see cocculus - g. Tiglii 
seu Tiglia, see Croton tiglium - g. Tilii, Croton 
tiglium. 
GRANADILLA, APPLE-SHAPED, Passiflo- 
ra maliformis. 
GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX, see Punica 
granatum. 
GRAND DORSAL, Latissimus dorsi. 
GRANDER'AL-E. The hair which grows in 
the arm-pits. 
GRANDINOSUM OS, Cuboid. 
GRANDO, Chalaza. 
GRANDULA, Gland. 
GRANIV'OROUS, Graniv'orus, from granum, 
' a grain,' and voro, ' I eat.' Feeding or subsist- 
ing on grain or seeds. 
GRANTRISTUM, Anthrax. 
GRANULA SEMINIS, see Sperm. 
GRANULAR DEGENERATION or DISOR- 
GANIZATION OF THE KIDNEY, Kidney, 
Bright's disease of the-g. Conjunctiva, Trachoma 
-g- Eyelid, Trachoma-g. Liver, Cirrhosis-g. 
Tin, see Tin. 
GRANULATED LIVER, Cirrhosis. 
GRANULA'TION, Granula'tio, from granum, 
'a grain.' Gemma, (F.) Bourgeon, B. cJiarnu. 
Granulations are the reddish, conical, flesh-like 
shoots, which form at the surface of suppurating 
wounds and ulcers. They are the product of in- 
flammatory excitement, and may be produced 
in indolent ulcers, by exciting the parts by pro- 
per stimulants. They form the basis of the ci- 
catrix. 
Granulation is, likewise, a name given by 
the modern French physicians to an organic GRANULATIONS 
lesion, consisting in the formation of small, round, 
firm, shining, semi-transparent tumours, of the 
size and shape of millet-seed, or of a pea; which 
are met with in the lungs particularly, and in 
considerable quantity; often without materially 
interfering with their functions. 
In pharmacy, granulation is a process by which 
a metal is reduced to fine grains, by melting it, 
and causing it, whilst liquid, to pass through a 
kind of sieve into a vessel of water, - as in the 
making of shot: - or by shaking or rubbing the 
melted metal in an appropriate box or vessel,- 
as in the formation of granular tin or granulated 
zinc. z 
GRANULATIONS CEREBRATES, Glan- 
dulae Pacchioni. 
Granula'tions Mil'iary, or Miliary tu'ber- 
cles, are the small, transparent grains, of varia- 
able size, from that of a millet-seed to that of a 
grain of hemp, which are presumed to be the 
primitive state of tubercles. 
GRAN'ULE, Gran'ulum ; diminutive of gra- 
num, 'a grain.' A small grain; a small compact 
particle; a cytoblast. 
Gran'ules Sem'inal, Gran'ula sem'inis. Mi- 
nute, rounded, granulated bodies, observable in 
the semen, which are, in all cases, much less 
numerous than the spermatozoids. See Sperm. 
GRANVILLE'S LOTION, see Lotion, Gran- 
viHe's counter-irritant. 
GRAPE, see Vitis vinifera - g. Sea-side, see 
Kino. 
Grape-Cure, (F.) Cure du raisin, (G.) Trau- 
bencur. A mode of medication in Germany, 
which consists in the use of the grape for both 
meat and drink; nothing more at the farthest 
being allowed than a piece of dry bread. This 
diet is continued for weeks. Its effects are alto- 
gether revellenty and resemble in many respects 
those of hydropathy. 
Grapes, Dried, Uvse passae. 
GRAPHIDOIDES, Styloid. 
GRAPHIODES, Styloid. 
GRAPIIIOIDES, Styloid. 
GRAPHIS'CUS, Graphis'cus Di'oclis. An in- 
strument invented by Diodes for extracting darts. 
It is described by Celsus. 
GRAPIII'TES, Plumba'go, Super carbure'turn 
Ferri, Carbure'tum Ferri, Ferri Carbona'turn, F. 
Supercarbure'tum, Carbo minera'lis, Galene'a, 
Gale'ne, Carburet of iron, Black lead, Wad, (F.) 
Crayon noir, Plombagine. This substance has 
been esteemed slightly astringent and desicca- 
tive. It has been advised by Weinhold in the 
cure of herpes. 
GRAPHOIDES, Styloid. 
GRAPHOSPASMUS, Cramp, writers'. 
GRAS DES CADAVRES, Adipocire - g. de 
Jambe, Sura-g. des Cimetieres, Adipocire-g. de 
Jam.be, Sura. 
GRAS FONDURE (F.), Diarrhoe'a adipo'sa, 
literally, molten grease. A species of diarrhoea, 
referred to by old writers; accompanied with great 
emaciation, and in which the evacuations contain 
fat-like matter. According to Sauvages, the Gras- 
fondure differs from colliquative diarrhoea in not 
being attended with hectic fever. 
GRASS, Asparagus-g. Bitter, Aletris farinosa 
- g. Blue-eyed, Sisyrinchium Bermudianum-g. 
Brome, Bromus ciliatus-g. Brome, soft, Bromus 
ciliatus-g. Canary, cultivated, Phalaris Canari- 
ensis-g. Couch, Triticum repens-g. Dog, Triti- 
eum repens - g. Egyptian cock's foot, Gramen 
crucis cyperioides - g. Goat's, Scorzonera - g. 
Knot, Polygonum aviculare - g. Lily, Sisyrin- 
chium Bermudianum - g. Physic, Sisyrinchium 
Bermudianum-g. Scurvy, Sisyrinchium Bermu- 
GRAVIDITAS 
dianum-g. Sweet, Acorus Calamus-g. Vipers', 
Scorzonera-g. Yellow-eyed, Xyris bulbosa. 
GR ASSET, (F.) The anterior region of the 
thigh, bounded below by the patella. 
GRASSEYEMENT (F.), Sonua blceaua, Rota- 
cia'mua, from (F.)graa, 'thick.' 'Speaking thick.' 
According to Sauvages, a vicious pronunciation 
of the letter r. They who speak thick, like the 
Inhabitants of Newcastle, in England, or of Havre, 
in France, have difficulty in pronouncing the r, 
and they frequently substitute for it the letter I ; 
but this does not properly constitute Granaeye- 
ment. It consists in this: that, in words in 
which the letter r is joined to another consonant, 
a sort of burring or guttural rolling is heard, 
nearly like that produced by gargling. See Ro- 
tacism. 
GRASUS, Cinabra. 
GRATELLE, Psoriasis. 
GRATIA DEI, Gratiola officinalis. 
GRATIOLA CENTAURIODES, G. officinalis. 
Gratio'la Officina'lis, Digita'lia min'ima, 
Gra'tia Dei, Gratiola Centaurioidea, Hedge bye- 
sop, Herb of Grace. It is a native of the South 
of Europe. (F.) Herbe an pavvre homine. The 
plant is inodorous; taste strong, bitter, nauseous. 
It is possessed of anthelmintic, purgative, emetic, 
and diuretic properties. Dose, ten grains. 
GRATTERON, Galium aparine. 
GRATTOIR, Raspatorium. 
GRA VA T/F, Heavy. 
GRAVE, Serious-g. Plant, Datura sanguinea. 
GRAVEDO, Catarrh, Coryza-g. Neonatorum, 
Snuffles. 
GRAVEL, Lith'ia rena'lia areno'sa, Litbi'aaia 
nepbrit'ica, L. rena'lia, (F.) Gravelie. A disease 
occasioned by small concretions, similar to sand 
or gravel, Gla'rea, (F.) Gravier, which form in 
the kidneys, pass along the ureters to the blad- 
der, and are expelled with the urine. These con- 
cretions, which are commonly composed of uric 
acid and an animal matter, are deposited at the 
bottom of the vessel, immediately after the excre- 
tion of the urine; and, by their hardness and 
resistance under the finger, differ considerably 
from the ordinary sediment of that liquid. A 
vegetable diet and alkaline drinks are the best 
prophylactics. See Calculi, Urinary. A fit of 
tbe Gravel, Nephral'gia calculo'aa seu areno'aa, 
Co'lica nepbrit'ica, is the excruciating suffering 
induced by the passage of gravel from the kidney 
to the bladder. It can only be relieved by anaes- 
thetics, opiates, the warm bath, &c. 
When the deposit is in fine particles, it is 
termed Sand, Are'na, Are'nula, Paam'ma, Paam- 
mua. 
Gravel Grass, Galium verum. 
Gravel, Pileous or Hairy, (F.) Gravelle pi- 
leuae. A species of gravel containing hairs, phos- 
phate of lime, ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate, 
and a little uric acid.-Magendie. 
GRAVELEUX, Calculous. 
GRAVELLE, Chalaza, Gravel - g. Pileuae, 
Gravel, pileous. 
GRAVEOLENS, Fetid. 
GRAVID, Pregnant. 
GR AV'I DINE; from gravidua, 'pregnant,' 
gravia, 'heavy.' A sediment in the urine of 
pregnant women, which by its decomposition 
gives rise to the pellicle kyestein. It differs from 
albumen, casein and gelatin.-Stark. 
GRAVIDITAS, Fecundation, Pregnancy - g. 
Abdominalis, Pregnancy, abdominal - g. Extra- 
uterina, see Pregnancy-g. Extra-uterina in Ova- 
rio, Pregnancy, ovarian - g. Extra-uterina Se- 
cundaria, Metacyesis - g. Interstitialis, Preg- 
nancy, interstitial-g. Molaris, Mole-g. Spuria, 
416 GRAVIER 
Pregnancy, false - g. Tubaria, Salpingo-cyesis- 
g. Uteri substantia, Pregnancy, interstitial-g. 
Uterina, Pregnancy. 
67? A VIER, Gravel. 
GRAVIMETER, Areometer. 
GRAVIS, Heavy. 
GRAV'ITY, SPECIF'IC, Gravitas speeif'ica, 
(F.) Pesanteur specifique. The relation between 
the weight of a body and its bulk; thus, suppos- 
ing four bodies to be of the same size, but to 
weigh, one four, another three, another two, and 
the fourth one; the specific gravity of the first 
■will be four times greater than that of the last. 
The specific gravities of different bodies are, 
therefore, as the weights, bulk for bulk. For 
solids, and liquids, water is taken as the unit; 
atmospheric air for the gases. Thus, water is 
1.000; mercury at the common temperature, 
13.58. Whence, we conclude mercury is between 
thirteen and fourteen times heavier than water. 
GRAY MATTER OF THE BRAIN, Cortex 
cerebri, see Neurine. 
GREASE, from (F.) Graisse, 'fat.' A specific 
inflammation, affecting the skin of the heels of 
the horse, which is especially interesting from 
the circumstance, that the matter, if inserted 
under the cuticle of an unprotected individual, 
may give rise to an affection - grease-pox, vari- 
ola equina-which preserves the person from 
small-pox. (?) 
Grease, Barrow's, Adeps suilla - g. Goose, 
Adeps anserina - g. Molten, Gras-fondure- g. 
Pox, see Grease. 
GREENHEART, see Bebeeru. 
GREENIIOW'S TINCTURE FOR THE 
TEETH, Spiritus armoracias compositus. 
GREEN SICKNESS, Chlorosis. 
GREENWEED, Genista tinctoria. 
GRELE (F.), Grac"ilis, ' long and'thin.' This 
epithet is given by the French to various parts, 
as the 
Apophyse Grele du Marteau, the slender apoph'- 
ysis or process of the mal'leus, a long process 
situate at the anterior part of the neck of the 
malleus, which passes out by the fissure of Gla- 
serius. It is also called the Apoph'ysis of Rau, 
although it was already known to Fabricius ab 
Aquapendente and to Caecilius Follius. 
GRELE, Chalaza-g. Interne de la Cuisse, 
Gracilis. 
G It EM IL OFFICINALE, Lithospermum offi- 
cinale. 
GREMIUM, Vulva. 
GRENADE, Influenza. 
GRENADIER, Punica granatum. 
GRENADIN, see Punica granatum. 
GRENIERS, Vesiculae seminales. 
GRENOUILLE, Rana esculenta. 
GRENOUILLETTE, Ranula. 
GREOULX, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sul- 
phuretted springs in the department of Basses- 
Alpes, France. 
GRESSURA, Perinaeum. 
GRESSUS, Walking. 
GREVEURE, Hernia. 
GRIELUM, Apium petroselinum, Smyrnium 
oiusatrum. 
GRIFF, see Mulatto. 
GRIFFO, see Mulatto. 
GRINOEMENT DES DENTS, Brygmus. 
GRINDERS, Molar teeth - g. Asthma, see 
Asthma, grinders'-g. Rot, Asthma, grinders'. 
GRINDING MILL, see Pulverization. 
GRIPES, Tormina, Colic. 
Gripes, Watery. A popular name for a dan- 
gerous disease of infancy, common in England, 
417 
GROUND BERRY 
which does not differ essentially from the cholera 
infantum of this country. 
GRIPIIOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
GRIPPE (F.), from gripper, 'to gripe/ 'catch 
hold of.' A vulgar name for several catarrhal 
diseases, which have reigned epidemically; as 
the influenza. 
GRIPPE, Pinched. 
GRITS, Groats, (Sax.) Spicca; (G.) Gries, 
'gravel, grits.' 
GRIT GRUEL, Water gruel. This is made 
as follows : - Take three ounces of grits ; wash 
them well in cold, water, and, having poured off 
the fluid, put them into four pints of fresh water, 
and boil slowly until the water is reduced one- 
half; then strain through a sieve. It is a good 
demulcent, and is employed also as a vehicle for 
clysters. 
GROAN, see Suspirium. 
GROATS, German Grutze; Grutum, Ave'na 
excortica'ta ■ (F.) Gruau, Oatmeal, ( Yorkshire.) 
Oats, hulled, but unground, (Lancashire.) Hulled 
oats, half ground. Oats that have the hulls taken 
off; Grits. When crushed, they are termed 
Embden groats. In America, fine hominy is called 
Grits, and wheat prepared in the same way is 
likewise so designated. It is also called wAeatew 
hominy. 
Groats, Cracow, Semolina. 
GROG-BLOSSOMS, Gutta rosea. 
GROG-ROSES, Gutta rosea. 
GROMWELL, Lithospermum officinale. 
GROOVE, Furrow, Sulcus, (F.) Rainure. Ice- 
landic, grafa, Sax. grafan,'to dig.' A channel 
or gutter, in a bone or surgical instrument. See 
Coulisse. 
Groove, Primitive, Primitive strealc or trace, 
Nota primiti'va. A bright streak in the long 
axis of the pellucid part of the area germinativa, 
after it presents a central pellucid and a periphe- 
ral opake part, and passes from the round to the 
pear shape. 
GROOVED. Same etymon. Sulca'tus, Stria'- 
tus, Canalicula'tus, (F.) Cannele ou Canele ou 
Canalicult; Canaliculated. Having a small chan- 
nel or gutter. 
GROS, Drachm - g. Cou, Bronchocele. 
GROSEILLIER NOIR, Ribes nigrum-g. 
Rouge, Ribes rubrum. 
GROSSE GORGE, Bronchocele. 
GROSSESSE, Pregnancy-g. Abdominale, 
Pregnancy, abdominal - g. Afoetale, Pregnancy, 
afoetal-g. Big emin ale, Pregnancy, bigeminal - 
g. Complexe, Pregnancy, complex-g. Composfe, 
Pregnancy, compound - g. Contre-nature, Preg- 
nancy, extra-uterine - g. Fausse ou apparente, 
Pregnancy, false-g. Foetale, Pregnancy, fcetal- 
g. Gazo-hysterique, Pregnancy, gazo-hysteric- 
g. Himato-hysterique, Pregnancy, hemato-hyste- 
ric-g. Hydro-hyst&rique, Pregnancy, hydro-hys- 
teric - g. Inter-extra-ut&rine, Pregnancy, com- 
plex-g. Ovarienne, Pregnancy, ovarial-g. Sar- 
co-hysterique, Pregnancy, sarco-hysteric-g. Sar- 
cofcetale, Pregnancy, sarcofoetal-g. Simple, Preg- 
nancy, solitary-g. Solitaire, Pregnancy, solitary 
- g. Trigeminale, Pregnancy, trigeminal - g. 
Triple, Pregnancy, trigeminal-g. Tubaire, Preg- 
nancy, tubal- g. Utero-abdominale, Pregnancy, 
utero-abdominal-g. Utero-ovarienne, Pregnancy, 
utero-ovarian-g. Utero-tubaire, Pregnancy, ute- 
ro-tubal. 
GROSSULARIA NIGRA, Ribes nigrum-g. 
Non spinosa, Ribes nigrum - g. Rubra, Ribes 
rubrum. 
GROUILLEMENT D'ENTRAILLES, Bor- 
borygmus. 
GROUND BERRY, Gaultheria - g. Holly, GROUNDSEL 
Gaultheria-g. Ivy, Gaultheria-g. Nut, Arachis 
hypogea, Pignut-g. Pine, Teucrium chamsepitys 
-g. p. French, Teucrium iva. 
GROUNDSEL, Senecio. 
GROUSEBERRY, Gaultheria. 
GROWTH, from Dutch groeyen, Crescentia, 
Anaplo'sis, Anaptyx'is, (F.) Croissance. The de- 
velopment of the body ; particularly in the direc- 
tion of its height. Also, any adventitious tissue; 
thus, we speak of a morbid growth or formation. 
GRU AU, Groats. 
GRUB, Larve, see Ectozoa. 
GRUEL, GRIT, see Grits-g. Water, see Ave- 
na, and Grits. 
GRUFF, from Teutonic ge, and ruh, 'rough.' 
In pharmacy, the coarse residue, which will not 
pass through the sieve in pulverization. 
GRUMEAU, Coagulum. 
GRUMOUS, Grumo' sus, from grumus, 'a clot.' 
Clotted. 
GRUMUS, Coagulum. 
GRUTUM. ' Groats.' Grutum Mil'ium, Mil'- 
ium. A hard white tubercle of the skin, resem- 
bling, in size and appearance, a millet-seed. It 
is confined to the face. See, also, Groats. 
GRYPH'IUS PES. The Griffon's foot, (F.) 
Pied de Griffon. An instrument of which Am- 
brose Pare speaks, which was used for extracting 
moles from the uterus. 
GRYPHOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
GRYPO'SIS, from ypvn-oa), 'I incurvate.* In- 
curva'tio. Curvature or crookedness in general. 
Crookedness or incurvation of the nails. See 
Onychogryposis. 
GRYPOTES, see Grypus. 
GRYPUS. One who has a crooked or aquiline 
nose. The condition is termed Gry'potes. 
GUA'CO, Hua'co. The name of a plant, Eu- 
pato'rium Guaco, described by Humboldt and 
Bonpland under the name Mika'nia Guaco, which 
grows in the valleys of Madalena, Rio-Cauca, 
&c., in South America. The negroes use the 
juice against the bites of poisonous reptiles;- 
both in the way of prevention and cure. It has 
been, of late, brought forward as a remedy in 
cholera. 
GUAIAC, see Guaiacum. 
GUAIACI LIGNUM, see Guaiacum -g. Re- 
sina, see Guaiacum. 
GUAIACINE, see Guaiacum. 
GUAI'ACUM, G. Ojffcina'le ; G. America'num, 
Lignum vitce, L. sanctum, L. benedic'tum, Palus 
sanctus, Lignum In'dicum, Hagiox'ylum, (F.) 
Gayac, Gaiac. The resin - Guai'aci Resi'na, 
Guai'ac, (F.) Rosine ou Gomme de Gdiac-and the 
wood-Guaiaci lignum - are both used in medi- 
cine. Their odour is slightly fragrant; taste warm 
and bitter, of the resin more so than of the wood. 
The resin is concrete, brittle; colour, externally, 
greenish; internally grayish. Water dissolves 
about one-tenth; alcohol 95 parts. It is soluble, 
also, in liquor potassce 15 parts, liquor ammonite 
38 parts. The powder is whitish, but changes to 
green in the air. The base of the guaiacum is a 
peculiar resin, called Guaiaeine. 
Guaiacum is stimulant and diaphoretic; and 
in large doses, purgative. It is administered in 
chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous diseases, 
and the sequelae of syphilis. Dose of resin, gr. 
v to xx:-to purge, gr. xx to xl. 
GUALTHERIA, Gaultheria. 
GUANO, - according to Tschudi, properly 
Huanu,-is formed of the excrements of different 
kinds of marine birds-mews, divers, sheerbreaks, 
&c., but especially of the Sula variega'ta. It is 
found in enormous layers in the South American 
islands of the Pacific, and is used as manure. 
418 
GUMMA 
GUARANA, Paullinia. 
GUARAPO. A fermented liquor made, in 
Peru, of sugar-cane pulp and water. It is a very 
favourite beverage of the negroes.-Tschudi. 
GUARD (for a bed,) Alice. 
GUARERBA ORBA, Momordica elaterium. 
GUAVA APPLE, Psidium pomiferum. 
GUAYAVA, Psidium pomiferum. 
GUBERNAC'ULUM DENTIS, (Gubernacu- 
lum, ' a rudder.') A cord, which passes from the 
follicle of the permanent tooth along a small long 
canal behind the alveolus of the milk tooth, and 
becomes continuous with the gum. The guber- 
naculum has been supposed to direct the perma- 
nent tooth outwards. The canal has been termed 
Iter dentis. 
Gubernaculum Testis, G. t. Hunteri, Liga- 
men'tum suspenso'rium Testis, (F.) Gouvernail du 
testicule. A triangular, fibro-cellular cord; which, 
in the foetus, arises from the ramus of the ischium 
and the skin of the scrotum, and proceeds to the 
posterior part of the testicle, before this organ 
issues from the abdomen. It has been supposed 
to be a continuation of the fascia superflcialis 
with muscular fibres from the internal oblique 
muscle, which pass upwards to the testis when 
in the abdomen; and by their contraction draw 
the testis down, and ultimately form the crevas- 
ter muscle. 
GU&PE, Wasp. 
GUE RISON, Cure. 
GUERISSABLE, Curable. 
GUI, Viscum album. 
GUILANDI'NA MORIN'GA, HyjoerantAe'ra 
moringa. A plant, which affords the Ben nut, 
and the lignum nephriticum. It is also called 
Morin'ga Oleif'era seu Zeylan'ica seu Nux ben 
seu Pterygosper'ma. The nut Ben, Glans un- 
guenta'ria, Ben Nux, Bal'anus Myrep'sica, San'- 
dalum ecBru'leum, Oily Acorn or Ben nut, is a 
West India nut which furnishes an oil, O'leum 
Balani'num, that does not become rancid by age, 
and is hence used by perfumers. It is purgative. 
The wood of the Guilandina is called Lignum 
Nephrit'icum, and has been used in decoction, in 
affections of the urinary organs. 
GUIMAUVE, Althaea-g. Veloutee, Hibiscus 
abelmoschus. 
GULA, (Esophagus, Pharynx. 
GUL A IMBECILLITAS, Pharyngoplegia - 
g. Principium, Pharynx. 
GULLET, (Esophagus. 
GULOSUS, Glutton. 
GUM ANIME, Anime - g. Arabic, Acaciae 
gummi - g. Bassora, Bassora gum-g. British, 
Dextrin - g. Butea, see Butea frondosa - g. Ca- 
ranna, Caranna - g. Dragon, Tragacantha-g. 
Elastic, Caoutchouc - g. Falling away of the, 
Ulatrophia - g. Hemlock, see Pinus Canadensis 
- g. Indigenous, Gummi nostras-g. Juniper, 
Sandarac-g. Orenburg, see Pinus larix-g. Red, 
Strophulus-g. Resin, Gummi resina-g. Sanda- 
rach, Sandarac-g. Seneca, Acacia gummi - g. 
Senega, Acaciae gummi - g. Shrinking of the, 
Ulatrophia-g. Sweet, Liquidambar styraciflua- 
g. Tragacanth, Tragacanth-g. Tree, brown, see 
Kino-g. White, Strophulus-g. Yellow, Icterus 
infantum. 
Gum-Lancet, Dentiscal'pium, Odontog'lyphon, 
(F.) Dichaussoir. An instrument for separating 
the gum from the cervix of the tooth, prior to 
extraction. It is formed much like a fleam. The 
operation itself is called Lancing the gums, Den'- 
tium scalptu'ra, (F.) Bechaussement. 
GUMBOIL, Parulis. 
GUMMA, (F.) Gomme. An elastic tumour, 
formed in the periosteum, occupying particularly GUMMI 
the cranium and sternum, and produced by the 
syphilitic virus, when it has been long in the con- 
stitution. It is so called, because, when opened, 
it contains a matter like gum. 
GUMMI, Commi, ko/l/jii, (F.) Gomme. An im- 
mediate principle of vegetables. It is a solid, 
uncry stallizable, inodorous substance, of a mawk- 
ish taste, unchangeable in the air, insoluble in 
alcohol, but soluble in water, with which it forms 
a mucilage. It is obtained from various species 
of mimosa and prunus ; and consequently there 
are many varieties of gum. They are used in 
medicine as demulcents, emollients, and relax- 
ants, particularly in catarrh, intestinal irritations, 
<tc.; and in Pharmacy, they are employed in the 
formation of emulsions, pills, <fcc. 
Gummi Acacia: Arabica:, Acaciae gummi - g. 
Acanthinum, Acacias gummi-g. Adstringens Fo- 
thergilli, Kino-g. Ammoniacum, Ammoniac-g. 
Anime, Anime-g. Arabicum, Acaciae gummi-g. 
Astragali Tragacanthae, Tragacantha-g. Bogia, 
Cambogia-g. Brelisis, Caranna-g. Copallinum, 
Copal-g. Elasticum, Caoutchouc-g. Euphorbiae, 
see Euphorbia officinarum-g. Gamandras,Cambo- 
gia-g. Gambiense, Kino-g. de Goa, Cambogia- 
g. Gutta, Cambogia-g. Hederae, see Hedera helix 
-g. de Jemu, Cambogia-g. Juniperi, Sandarac 
-g. Laccse, Lacca - g. Ladanum, see Cistus cre- 
ticus-g. Lamac, Acaciae gummi-g. Laricis, see 
Pinus larix-g. Leucum, Acaciae gummi. 
Gummi Nostras, (F.) Gomme du Pays ; Indig"- 
enous Gum. These generic names are given to 
several species of gum, which flow spontaneously 
from certain indigenous fruit trees, - such as the 
almond, cherry, peach, apricot, <tc. The indige- 
nous gums have nearly the same properties as 
gum Arabic; but they are inferior to it. 
Gummi Orenburgense, see Pinus larix-g. Pa- 
nacis, see Pastinaca opoponax-g. ad Podagram, 
Cambogia. 
Gummi-Resina, Gum-Resin. A milky juice, 
obtained by making incisions into the branches, 
stalks and roots of certain vegetables. Gum-re- 
sins are compounds of resins, gum, essential oil, 
and different other vegetable matters. They are 
solid, opake, brittle, of a strong odour, acrid taste, 
variable colour, and are heavier than water. 
Water dissolves a part of them, and alcohol an- 
other; hence proof spirit is the proper menstruum. 
The generality of the gum-resins are powerful 
stimulants to the whole or to parts of the econo- 
my. The chief are asafoetida, gum ammoniac, 
euphorbium, galbanum, camboge, myrrh, olibanum, 
opoponax, scammony, aloes, &c. 
Gummi Rubrum Adstringens Gambiense, Ki- 
no, see Butea Frondosa-g. Seneca, Senegal gum 
- g. Senega, Senegal, gum-g. Senegalense, Se- 
negal, gum - g. Senica, Senegal, gum - g. Sera- 
pionis, Acaciae gummi - g. Thebaicum, Acaciae 
gummi - g. Tragacantha, Tragacantha-g. Ura- 
lense, see Pinus larix. 
GUMMIDODES, Mucilaginous. 
GUMMIODES, Mucilaginous. 
GUMMOSUS, Mucilaginous. 
GUMS, Gingivae. 
GUN-COTTON, see Collodion - g. c. Ethereal 
solution of, Collodion. 
GUNJAH, see Bangue. 
GUNNERA PERPEN'SA. A South Afri- 
can plant, Nat. Ord. Urticaceae ; the decoction of 
which is taken as a domestic remedy by the farm- 
ers, as a tonic in dyspepsia. A tincture has been 
used in gravel. An infusion of the leaves is de- 
mulcent, and is employed in pulmonary affections. 
The leaves are applied fresh, to cure wounds and 
ulcers. 
419 
GUTTA 
GURGITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Temp, at 
its source, 176° Fah. It contains carbonic acid, 
carbonates of lime, magnesia, iron and soda, sul- 
phates of lime and soda, chloride of sodium and 
silica. 
GURGLING. 'Gushing with noise,' as water 
from a bottle. (F.) Gargouillement, same etymon 
as gargle. The rhonchus or rdle heard on aus- 
cultation when there is a cavity in the lungs con- 
taining pus. It is the ' cavernous rattle or rhon- 
chus,' Rale caverneux. The size of the bubbles 
heard varies, and hence the rhonchus has been 
called cavernous and cavern'ulous, (F.) Rale ca- 
vernuleux. If the cavern be large, this rdle will 
nearly resemble the gurgling of a bottle (glouglou 
d'une bouteille;) if, on the contrary, the cavern 
be small, it will not differ from the rdle mu- 
queux. 
GURGULIO, Penis, Uvula. 
GUSTATIF, (Nerf,) see Lingual nerve. 
GUSTATION, Degustation, Taste. 
GUSTATORY NERVE, see Lingual Nerve. 
GUSTUS, Taste-g. Depravatus, Parageustia. 
GUT, Intestine-g. Blind, Caecum. 
GUTS, SLIPPERINESS OF THE, Lientery. 
GUTTA, Apoplexy, Cambogia, Gout - g. Ga- 
mandrae, Cambogia - g. Gamba, Cambogia - g. 
Opaca, Cataract. 
Gutta. A Drop, Stalag'ma, Alun'sel, Stilla, 
(F.) Goutte. A quantity of liquid, generally va- 
lued, in pharmacy, at the weight of a grain. The 
weight, however, varies according to different 
circumstances, as the degree of tenacity of the 
fluid, and the extent of moist surface to which the 
suspended drop is attached before it falls; and it 
was found by Mr. Alsop to be influenced by the 
size of the bottle, and the angle of inclination at 
which it was held during the operation of drop- 
ping. The following are some of his results as 
to the number of drops required to measure a 
fluidrachm, when dropped from a large and a small 
bottle. 
From a large From a small 
bottle. 
bottle. 
(fjj) Diluted sulphuric acid. 
...24 drops 84 drops 
Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35... 
.. 70 
Distilled water 
...31... 
.. 54 
Solution of ammonia .. 
...40... 
.. 48 
Tincture of opium 
...84... 
.. 135 
Rectified spirits 
..100... 
.. 130 
TinctureofchlorideofironlOO... 
.. 150 
Gutta Percha. The concrete juice of a tree 
-laonan'dra gutta-which is indigenous in Sing- 
apore and its vicinity, and belongs to the Natural 
order Sapotaceae. Plunged in boiling water it 
softens, when it may be moulded like caoutchouc 
to any form, which it retains on cooling. Splints 
and other instruments have been made of it. 
Gutta Rosacea Syphilitica, Crown of Venus. 
Gutta Rosea, Gutta Rosa'cea, lon'thus co- 
rymb'ifer, Crusta serpigino'sa, C. prurigino'sa, 
Acne rosa'cea, Rose'ola acno'sa, Thylacii'tis, Bac- 
chia, Butiga, Carb uncled Face, Rosy Drop or 
Whelk, Copper-nose, Bottle-nose, Grog-blossoms, 
Grog-roses, (F.) Couperose, Goutte Rose, Bour- 
geons, Dartre pustuleuse couperose. An eruption 
of small, suppurating tubercles, with shining red- 
ness, and an irregular granular appearance of the 
skin of the part of the face which is affected. 
The redness commonly appears first at the end 
of the nose, and then spreads on both sides. It 
is often produced by hard drinking. Its euro 
must be attempted by regular regimen, and cool- GUTTJE 
ing means internally: weak spirituous or satur- 
nine lotions externally. The affection is usually 
very obstinate. 
Gutta Serena, Amaurosis. 
GUTTA3 ABBATIS ROUSSEAU, Laudanum 
abbatis Rousseau-g. Ammoniaci, see Ammoniac 
gum-g. Acidae tonicae, Elixir Acidum Halleri- 
g. Nervinae, Alcohol sulfurico-aethereus ferri. 
Gutta: Nigra:, Ace'turn o'pii, Common Black 
Drop. (Opii Sjviij, aceti destillat. tbij, Infuse.) 
The celebrated Black Drop, Lan'caster or Qua- 
ker's Black Drop, may be made as follows. Take 
half a pound of opium sliced ; three pints of good 
verjuice, (juice of the wild crab,) one and a half 
ounce of nutmegs, and half an ounce of saffron. 
Boil to a proper thickness, and add a quarter of a 
pound of sugar, and two spoonfuls of yeast. Set 
the whole in a warm place, near the fire, for six 
or eight weeks; then place it in the open air un- 
til it becomes a syrup. Lastly, decant, filter, and 
bottle it up, adding a little sugar to each bottle. 
One drop is equal to three of laudanum; and it 
is nearly devoid of all the unpleasant exciting 
effects of the latter. An analogous formula is 
contained in the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States under the name Ace'turn opii, Vinegar of 
Opium. 
GUTTALIS CARTILAGO, Arytenoid Carti- 
lage. 
GUTTERIA, Bronchocele. 
GUT TUR. The throat; the larynx; the 
trachea. 
Guttur Globosum, Bronchocele-g. Tumidum, 
Bronchocele. 
GUT'TURAL, Guttura'lis, from guttur, ' the 
throat.' Relating or belonging to the throat. 
The Superior Thyroideal Artery is sometimes 
called Guttural Artery. 
A Guttural Cough is one occasioned by irrita- 
tion of the larynx or trachea. 
A Guttural Sound is one produced, as it were, 
in the throat. 
GUTTURIS OS, Hyoides os. 
GUTTURNIA, Arytenoid cartilages. 
GYMNA, Genital Organs. 
GYMNASION, Exercise. 
GYMNA'SIUM, from yv/<vof, 'naked.' Palces'- 
tra. An establishment amongst the ancients, in- 
tended for bodily exercises, as wrestling, running, 
&c.; a term now used in Germany, more espe- 
cially for an academy or higher school. 
GYMNAST, Gymnas'tes, Gymnas'ta; same 
etymon. The manager of a gymnasium. One, 
whose profession it is to prevent or cure diseases 
by gymnastics. 
GYMNAS'TICS, Gymnas'tica, Medici'na gym- 
nas'tica seu euect'ica, Somacet'ics. Same etymon. 
That part of hygienic medicine which treats of 
bodily exercises. It is called Med'ical Gymnas- 
tics. The ancients had also Athlet'ic Gymnastics, 
and Mil'itary Gymnastics. Herodicus, of Seli- 
vraea, first proposed gymnastics for the cure of 
disease. 
GYMNOC'LADUS CANADEN'SIS, Coffee 
Tree, Mahogany, Nickar Tree, Bondue. An in- 
digenous tree, which grows from Ohio to Louisi- 
ana. The leaves are cathartic, and said to con- 
tain cytisin. The seeds are a good substitute for 
coffee. 
420 
GYRUS 
GYMNOGRAMME CETERACH, Asplenium 
ceterach. 
GYMNOSIS, Denudation. 
GYNAS'CANER, from yvvij, 'a, woman/ and 
avrjp, ' a man.' Vir effamina'tua. An effeminate 
man. 
GYNJECEA, Gynaeceia. 
GYNASCEI'A, Gynaci'a, Gyncece'a, from yvvr/, 
'a woman.' The catamenia;- the lochia. The 
diseases of women in general.-Hippocrates, Ga- 
len, Foesius. 
GYNASCEUM, Antimonium, Vulva. 
GYNASCE'US, from yvvy, ' a woman.' Belong- 
ing to women. Female. Feminine. 
GYNJECIA, Gynaeceia, Menses. 
GYNA2COLOG"IA, Gynecol'ogy, from yvvrj, 
'a woman,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The doc- 
trine of the nature, diseases, <tc. of women. 
GYNJECOMA'NIA, from yvvt), 'woman,' and 
yavia, 'mania,' 'rage.' That species of insanity, 
which arises from love for women. Some have 
used the word synonymously with nymphomania. 
GYNASCOMAS'TUS, Gyneecomas'thus, from 
yvvr), 'woman,' 'abreast.' A man whose 
breasts are as large as those of a woman.-Galen, 
Ingrassias. 
A considerable enlargement of the breasts of a 
female was formerly called GyncBcomas'ton. 
GYNASCOMYS'TAX, from yvvV, 'woman,'and 
' the beard.' The hair on the pubes of 
women.-Rolfink. 
GYNASCOPHO'NUS, from yvvrj, 'a woman,' 
and tpiavr), ' voice.' A man who has an effeminate 
voice. 
GYNANDRIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
GYNANDRUS, Gynanthropus. 
GYNANTHRO'PUS, Gynan'drug. An her- 
maphrodite who belongs more to the male than 
to the female sex. 
GYNATRE'SIA, from yvvy, 'a woman,' and 
arpr/ros, 'imperforate.' Closure or imperforation 
of the external parts of generation of the female. 
GYNE, Female. 
GYNECOLOGY, Gynsecologia. 
GYNIDA, Hermaphrodite. 
GYNOARIUM, Ovarium. 
GYNOPLAS'TIC, Gynoplag'ticua, from yuv??, 
'a woman,' and 'I form.' The gynoplas- 
tic operation is employed for opening or dilating 
the closed or contracted genital openings of the 
female. 
GYPSY-WEED, Lycopus sinuatus, and L. Vir- 
ginicus. 
GYRI CEREBRI, Anfractuosities (cerebral,) 
Convolutions (cerebral,)-g. Cochleae, Scalae of 
the Cochlea. 
GYROMIA VIRGINICA, Medeola Virginica. 
G YR OPHLE, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
GYROPHORA, see Tripe de Roche. 
GYRUS, Anfractuosity, Convolution. 
GYRUS FORNICA'TUS, 'Arched convolu- 
tion.' A large convolution of the brain, which 
lies horizontally on the corpus callosum, and may 
be traced forwards and backwards to the base of 
the brain, terminating by each extremity at the 
fissure of Sylvius. The surface of the hemi- 
sphere, where it comes in contact with the corpus 
callosum, is bounded by it HAB-EL-KALIMBAT 
421 
HAEMATEMESIS 
H. 
HAB-EL-KALIMBAT, Pistacia terebinthus. 
HABBI, Hugenia Abyssinica. 
HABE'NA. A Bridle, Tel'amon. A bandage 
for uniting the lips of wounds; which, in many 
instances, replaced the suture.-Galen. 
HABENzE OF THE PINEAL GLAND, see 
Pineal gland. 
HABIL'LA DE CARTHAGE'NA, Bejuio, 
Carthage'na Bean, (F.) Five de Carthagine. A 
kind of bean of South America, famed as an ef- 
fectual antidote for the poison of all serpents, if a 
small quantity be eaten immediately. 
HABIT, Habitu'do, from habere, 'to have or 
to holdAssuetu'do, Mos, Usus, Consuetu' do, 
Ethos, Hexis, Ethmos'yne, (F.) Habitude, 
Accoutumance. Habit is the aptitude for repeat- 
ing certain acts : - or, a facility, which results 
from the frequent repetition of the same act. It 
is, according to vulgar expression, ' a second na- 
ture.' Habit may predispose to certain diseases, 
or it may protect us against them. It ought not 
to be lost sight of, in attending to the progress 
of disease, or of its treatment. 
Habit of Body, Constitu'tio, Hah'it us, Hab'- 
itus Cor'poris, Catas'tasis, Hexis, Epiphani'a, 
(F.) Habitude extirieure, Habitude du corps. 
The aggregate of the physical qualities of the 
human body. 
HABITUDE, Habit - h. du Corps, Habit of 
body-h. Extirieure, Habit of body. 
HABITUDO, Habit. 
HABITUS, Habit of body - h. Apoplecticus, 
Apoplectic habit-h. Corporis, Habit of body. 
HACHICH, see Bangue. 
HACHISCH, Bangue. 
HACKBERRY, Celtis occidentalis. 
HEMA, 'aipa, 'aiparos, 'blood.' 
HEMACHROINE, Haematine. 
HEMACIIRO'SES, ( (G.) H a m ach ro sen,) 
from 'aipa, 'blood,' and xpwats, 'coloration.' A 
family of diseases in which the blood has its co- 
lour different from usual, as in purpura and cya- 
nosis.-Fuchs. 
HEMACY'ANIN, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
Kvavos, 'blue.' A blue colouring matter, detected 
by Sanson in healthy blood, and in bile by some 
chemists, but not by others. 
HEMADON'OSUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
roaos, ' a disease.' Hcematangion'osus, Hcematan- 
gionu'sus, HcBmatangio'sis. Disease of the blood- 
vessels. 
HEMADOSTO'SIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
oaruais, ' a bony tumour.' Ossification of the 
blood-vessels. 
HEMADYNAMETER, Haemadynamometer. 
II E M^ADYNAMOM'ETER, Hcematodyna- 
mom'eter, Hcemadynam'eter, Hcemom'eter, Harna- 
tom'eter, (F.) Hemadynamitre, Hemomitre; from 
'aipa, 'blood,' bwapis, 'power,' and pirpov, 'a 
measure. An instrument for measuring the 
force of the blood in the vessels. It consists of 
a bent glass tube, the lower bent part of which 
is filled with mercury. A brass head is fitted 
into the artery, and a solution of carbonate of soda 
is interposed between the mercury and the blood, 
which is allowed to enter the tube for the pur- 
pose of preventing its coagulation. The pressure 
of the blood on the mercury in the descending 
portion of the bent tube causes the metal to rise 
in the ascending portion; and the degree to 
which it rises indicates the pressure under which 
the blood moves. 
HJEMAGASTRIC PESTILENCE, Fever, 
yellow. 
HzEMAGOGUM, Paoonia. 
HJEMAGO'GUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and ayw, 
'I drive off.' A medicine which promotes the 
menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 
HJEMAL, from 'aipa, 'blood.' Relating to the 
blood or blood-vessels. 
ILf.mal Arch. The arch formed by the pro- 
jections anteriorly from the body of the vertebrae 
of the ribs and sternum. It encloses the great 
blood-vessels.-Owen. 
H.emal Axis, Aorta-h. Spine, Sternum. 
H.EMALO'PIA, Haemophthalmia, Haemalopis. 
HzEMALOPIS, Haemophthalmia. 
HJEMALOPS, Haemophthalmia. 
IREMAN'THUS COCCIN'EUS. A beautiful 
South African plant, Hat. Ord. Amaryllideae, the 
bulb of which is employed as a diuretic. It is 
given as an oxymel in asthma and dropsy. The 
fresh leaves are antiseptic, and applied to foul, 
flabby ulcers, and in anthrax. 
HEMAPERITONIRRHAG"IA, (F.) Hema- 
piritonirrhagie ; from 'aipa, 'blood,' irepirotaiov, 
' peritoneum,' and payn, ' a violent rupture.' An 
exhalation of blood into the peritoneum. 
HJEMAPHzE'IN, Heematophce'um, HamophtB'- 
um, from 'aipa, ' blood,' and ipaios, ' of a dusky 
colour.' A term applied by Simon to the brown 
colouring matter of the blood, supposed by some 
to be nothing more than haematin modified by an 
alkali. 
HjEMAPH'OBUS, Hcemoph'obus, from 'aipa, 
' blood,' and <po(3os, ' dread.' One who has a dread 
of blood :-who cannot look at it without fainting. 
HEMAPOPHYSES, Costal cartilages, see 
Costa. 
HA?/M.AP(yR'IA,Hcematapor'ia,Hcematoporfia, 
Oligohce'mia, Oligoe'mia, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
anopos, ' poor.' Paucity of blood. See Anaemia. 
HzEMAPTYSIS, Haemoptysis. 
HEMAS, 'aipa(, gen. 'aipabos. A blood-vessel. 
HEMASTATICA, Haematostatica. 
HzEMASTAT'ICE, from 'aipa, 'blood/ and 
larripi, ' I remain,' ' reside.' A science, which 
treats of the strength of the blood-vessels; Hy- 
mastat'ics. 
H.EMATANGIONOSUS, Haemadonosus. 
HEMATANGIOSIS, Haemadonosus. 
HEMATAPORIA, Haemaporia. 
HEMATAPORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
ILEMATEC'LYSIS, Hoemotex'ia, Haimotex'is, 
Hasmatosep'sis, San'guinis dissolu'tio; from 'aipa, 
'blood,' and exXvais, 'loosening.' Dissolution of 
the blood. 
H/EMATELAEUM, see Blood. 
HJEMATEM'ESIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
tpciii, ' I vomit.' Vom'itus cruen'tus, Hcemorrha'- 
gia HcBmatem'esis, Vom'itus seu Vomit"io San'- 
guinis, Gastrorrhag"ia, Gastro - hcemorrhag"ia 
Hamorrhag"ia ventric'uli, Hamorrhoe'a ventric'- 
uli, Vomiting of Blood, (F.) Hematimise, Vo- 
missement de sang. Haematemesis is generally 
preceded by a feeling of oppression, weight, and 
dull or pungent pain in the epigastric and in the 
hypochondriac regions; by anxiety, and, occa- 
sionally, by syncope. Blood is then passed by 
vomiting, and sometimes, also, by stool, - the HEMATENCEPHALUM 
blood being generally of a grumous aspect. Hae- 
matemesis may be active or passive, acute or 
chronic. The blood effused proceeds, almost al- 
ways, from a sanguineous exhalation at the sur- 
face of the mucous mambrane of the stomach. 
It is often observed in females whose menstrual 
seeretion is irregularly performed. It is not of 
much danger, except when connected with dis- 
ease of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen. 
On dissection of those who have died from pro- 
tracted hsematemesis,-for the acute kind is com- 
paratively devoid of danger,-the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach is found red and inflamed, 
or black, and the vessels considerably dilated. 
Complete abstinence from food; rest; the hori- 
zontal posture; bleeding, if the hemorrhage be 
active; cold, acidulous drinks, &c., constitute the 
usual treatment. 
H2EMATENCEPHALUM, Apoplexy. 
HjEMATEPAGOGE, Congestion. 
HjEMATERA, Hepatirrhoea. 
HASMATERUS, Sanguine. 
H2EMATERYTHRUM, Haematin. 
HA3MATEX0ST0SIS, Osteosarcoma. 
IIA3MATHIDR0SIS, Sudor cruentus. 
HASMATHORAX, Haematothorax. 
H2EMATIASIS, Haematonosus. 
HyEMAT'ICA, from 'aipa, 'blood.' Diseases 
of the sanguineous function:-the third class in 
the nosology of Good. Also, medicines that act 
on the blood.-Pereira. 
Doctrina, Haematology. 
H2EMATICUS, Sanguine. 
HjEMATIDROSIS, Sudor cruentus. 
HjE'MATIN, Hcemati'na, Hem'atine, Hosma- 
tosin, Hem'atosine, Hoemater' y thrum, Haemer'y- 
thrum, Zoohem'atin, Hemachro'in, Cru'orin, Jlu- 
brin, GloVulin of some; from aipa, 'blood.' The 
red colouring matter of the blood. It resides in 
distinct particles or globules, and, in the opi- 
nion of some observers, in the envelope of the 
globules. It appears to be of a peculiar charac- 
ter, and one that has not yet been determined 
by the chemist. That the colour of the blood is 
not owing to the peroxide of iron which it con- 
tains, is shown by the fact mentioned by Scherer, 
that he removed the iron by acids, and yet a 
deep red tincture was formed when alcohol was 
added to the residuum. 
HjEMATIN'IC, Hcematin'icus: from hamatin, 
'the red colouring matter of the blood.* An agent 
that augments the number of red corpuscles of the 
blood.-Pereira. 
H2EMATINUS, Sanguine. 
HJEMATIS'CHESIS, Hamit'chesit, Hamo- 
cryph'ia, from 'aiya, 'blood,' and 'to sup- 
press.' The retention or suppression of a natural 
or artificial flow of blood. 
HASMATISMUS, Epistaxis, Haemorrhagia. 
HASMATISTH'MUS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
itrdyos, 'pharynx.' Hemorrhage into the pharynx. 
HjEMATI'TES, Hamati'tis,from 'aiya, 'blood.' 
Resembling blood. Lapis Hamati'tes. A beau- 
tiful ore of iron, called also, Bloodstone, O'chrea 
rubra, Ox'ydum fer'ricum crystalliza'turn nati'- 
Tum, Ferrum Haematites. When finely levigated, 
and freed from the grosser parts, by frequent 
washings with water, it has been long recom- 
mended in hemorrhage, fluxes, uterine obstruc- 
tions, <fcc., in doses of from one scruple to three or 
four. Also, a vessel that contains blood, 'aipari- 
Gaz sanguinis. 
HASMATOCATHAR'TICA, from 'a<Fa, 'blood,' 
and Kafapa-if, 'purification or purgation.' Reme- 
dies for purifying the blood. 
HASMATOCE'LE, from 'aiya, 'blood,' and 
422 
HEMATODYNAMOMETER 
Kri'Xt), 'tumour.* A tumour formed by blood. By 
some, this term has been applied to a tumour 
formed by blood, effused into the areolar texture 
of the scrotum. Others have used it for tumours 
arising from effusion of blood into the tunica va- 
ginalis :-hsematocele, according to them, differ- 
ing from hydrocele, only in the character of the 
effusion.- Heister. Others, again, have applied 
it to effusions of blood into the interior of the 
tunica albuginea itself. - Richter. The first is 
the usual acceptation. It is most commonly 
caused by wounds or contusions; and requires 
the use of antiphlogistics, discutients, &c. Some- 
times it is necessary to evacuate the effused blood. 
Hematocele Arteriosa, Aneurism. 
H2EMAT0-CEREBRIF0RM DISEASE, En- 
cephaloid. 
HJEMATOCHE'ZIA, from 'atpa, 'blood,'and 
'I go to stool.' Sedes cruen'ta, Catarrhex'is 
vera, Enterorrhag"ia simplex, Diarrhoe'a cruenta 
seu sanguinolen'ta, Hoe'mato-diarrhce'a, Hcemor- 
rhag"ia intestino'rum, En'tero-h<Bmorrhag"ia, 
(E.) Hemorrhagie des intestins, Ecoulement de 
sang par I'Intestin. Discharge of blood by stool. 
See Melaena. 
H2EMAT0CHYSIS, Hmmorrhagia. 
HJEMATOCCE'LIA, from 'blood,' and 
xoiXia, ' the cavity of the abdomen.* Effusion of 
blood into the abdomen. 
HTEMATOCOL'PUS, from 'aiga, 'blood,' and 
KoXiros, ' vagina.' Effusion of blood into the va- 
gina. Accumulation of blood owing to occlusion 
of the vagina. 
H.EMATOCY ANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
HjEMATOCYSTE, Haematoma saccatum. 
HjEMATOCYST'IS, from 'aiga, 'blood,' and 
Kvaris, 'bladder.' Hemorrhage into the bladder. 
HjEMATO'DES, Hamatdi'des, Sanguin'eus, 
Ha'matoid, He'matoid, from 'atpa, ' blood,' and 
eiiof. 'appearance.' That which contains blood, 
or has the character of blood. 
Hematodes Fungus, Hamatomy'ces, Fungus 
cancro'sus hamato'des, Mela'na fungo'sa carcino'- 
des, Angidiospon' gus, Angiomy'ces, Hamatospon'- 
gus, Tumor fungo'sus sanguin'eus seu anoni'alus, 
Spon'goid inflammation, Pulpy or Med'ullary 
Sarco'ma, Carcino'ma Hamato'des, Carcino'ma 
Spongio'sum, Bleeding Fungus, Soft Cancer, (F.) 
Carcin6me sangiant, Hematoncie fongdide. An ex- 
tremely alarming carcinomatous affection, which 
was first described, with accuracy, by Mr. John 
Burns, of Glasgow. It consists in the develop- 
ment of cancerous tumours, in which the inflam- 
mation is accompanied with violent heat and pain, 
and with fungus and bleeding excrescences. Even 
when the diseased part is extirpated, at a very 
early period, recovery rarely follows; other or- 
gans being generally implicated at the same time. 
Fungus hsematodes was the term first applied to 
the disease by Mr. Hey of Leeds. Mr. J. Burns 
called it Spongoid inflammation, from the spongy, 
elastic feel, which peculiarly characterijes it, and 
continues even after ulceration has taken place. 
The disease has, most frequently, been met with 
in the eyeball, the upper and lower extremities, 
testicle and mamma; but it occurs in the uterus, 
ovary, liver, spleen, brain, lungs, thyroid gland, 
and in the hip and shoulder-joint. 
Some French surgeons designate, by this name, 
those tumours which were formerly termed anor- 
males, caverneuses, variqueuses, called Ereetiles 
by Dupuytren, Htmatoncies, by Alibert, and Te- 
langiectasia by Grafe. 
HJEMATODIARRHCBA, Haematochezia. 
HJEMATODYNAMOMETER, Haemadynamo- 
meter. H.EMATOGASTER 
H.EMATOGASTER, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
yaartip, 'stomach.' Effusion of blood into the 
stomach. 
HjEMATOGENETICA, Haematopoietica. 
ILEMATOGLOBULIN, see Globules of the 
blood. 
HAIMATOGRA'PHIA, Hamatog'raphy, from 
'aipa, ' blood,' and ' a description.' A de- 
scription of the blood. 
HJEMATOID, Haematodes. 
ILEMATOL' OGN,Hematol'ogy,Hamatolog"ia, 
Hamat'ica doctri'na, (F.) Hematologic, from 'aipa, 
'blood,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' That part of 
medicine which treats of the blood. 
H.ematology, Patholog"ical, (F.) Htmatolo- 
gie pathologique. Observation of the blood to 
detect its varying characters in disease. 
HAJMATOL'YSES, (G.) II am a t o 1 y s en, 
from 'a<pa, 'blood,' and Avail, 'solution.' An 
order of diseases in which there is diminished 
coagulability of the blood.-Fuchs. 
HJEMATOLYTICUM, Spansemic. 
H/EMATO'MA, Thrombus, Tumor sanguin'eus. 
A bloody tumour, especially of the scalp of the 
new-born. 
H.emato'ma Sacca'titm. An encysted tumour 
containing blood- 
HjEMATOMANTI'A, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and 
uavrcia, ' divination.' Judgment of disease from 
the appearance of the blood. 
H.EMATOMATRA, Metrorrhagia. 
HAf! MATO MET ACHYSIS, Transfusio san- 
guinis. 
HA3MAT0METRA, Metrorrhagia. 
ILEMATOMMA, Haemophthalmia. 
HA3MAT0MPHAL0CE' LE, Hamatom'pha- 
lum, Hamatompha' lus, from 'aipa, 'blood,' oprpaXoi, 
'the navel,' and kcAij, 'a tumour.' Umbilical her- 
nia, the sac of which encloses a bloody serum; or 
which has, at its surface, a number of varicose 
veins; constituting Varicom'phalus. 
ILEMATOMPHALUM, Hmmatomphalocele. 
HJEMATOMYCES, Haamatodes fungus. 
HjEMATON'CUS, (F.) Htmatoncie, from 'aipa, 
' blood,' and oyico?, ' a tumour.' Alibert has given 
this name to the Navi mater'ni, Varicose tumours. 
He admits three varieties :-the H. fongo'ide, H. 
framboisee, and H. tubereuse. 
ILEMATON'OSUS, Hamati'asis, Hamatopa- 
thi'a, Hamopathi'a, from 'ai/ia, 'blood,' and voaos, 
' disease.' A disease of the blood. Blood-disease. 
HA5MAT0PATHIA, Haematonosus. 
HASMATOPEDESIS, see Diapedesis. 
IIJEM ATOPERIC AR'DIUM, from 'aipa, 
'blood,' and repixapbiov, 'pericardium.' Effusion 
of blood into the pericardium. 
HASMATOPHASUM, Hmmaphaein. 
HiEMATOPHIL'IA, Hamoph.il'ia, Hamorrho- 
phil'ia, Idiosyncra'sia hamorrhag"ica, from 'aipa, 
' blood,' and quXiu, ' I love.' A hemorrhagic dia- 
thesis. 
HASMATOPHLEBES'TASIS. Sudden sup- 
pression of a hemorrhage; - from araais 'aiparos 
/iXeJwv, ' suppression of the blood of the veins.'- 
Galen. 
HJEMATOPHOB'IA, Hamophob'ia, from 'aipa, 
' blood,' and 0oj3uj, ' dread.* Dread or horror at 
the sight of blood, producing syncope, <tc. 
HjE MATO PHTHALMI A, Haamopthalmia. 
HjEMATOPH'THORES, (G.) Hamatoph- 
thoren; from 'aiga, 'blood,' 'corrup- 
tion.' An order of diseases in the classification 
of Fuchs, in which the blood is materially altered 
in its composition, as in typhus. 
423 
HEMATOXYLON 
HEMATOP'ISIS, (F.) Hematopisie. M. Ca- 
puron, of Paris, has applied the term Hematopisie 
uterine, from analogy with Hydropisie uterine, to 
a collection of blood which sometimes takes place 
in the uterus, when, owing to faulty conforma- 
tion, the exit of the menstrual flux is prevented. 
HEMATOPLA'NIA, Hcematoplane'eia, from 
'aiya, ' blood,' and irXavr), ' wandering.' A vica- 
rious hemorrhage. 
HjEMATopla'nia Menstrua'lis, Menstruation, 
vicarious. 
HEMATOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
HEMATOPCEA, Haematopoetica. 
HEMATOPOESIS, Haematosis. 
HEMATOPOET'ICA, Heematopoe'a, Hosmato- 
genet'ica, 'bloodmakers,' from 'aiya, 'blood,' and 
ttouw, ' I make.' Agents that favour haematosis. 
Iron was called by the ancients metal'lum hcema- 
topoet'icum. 
HEMATOPOIESIS, Hmmatosis. 
HEMATOPORIA, Haemaporia. 
HEMATOPS, Hmmophthalmia. 
HEMATOPSIA, Haemophthalmia. 
HEMATOPTYSIA, Haemoptysis. 
HEMATOPTYSIS, Haemoptysis. 
HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
HEMATORRHAGIA, Haemorrhagia. 
HjEMATORRIHEA, Haemorrhagia. 
HEMATORRHOSIS, Cholera. 
HEMATORRHYSIS, Haemorrhagia. 
HEMATOSCHEOCE'LE,/Z®wioscAeoce'Ze,Zfe- 
matot'cheum, from 'aiya, 'blood,' o<r%i.ov, 'scrotum,' 
and KrjXri, 'rupture.' Effusion of blood into the 
scrotum. 
HEMATOSCHEUM, Haematoscheocele. 
HEMATOSCOP'IA, Heemoscop' fa,(F.) Hemor- 
rhoscopie, from *aipa, 'blood,' and o/roircw, 'I view.' 
An examination of blood drawn. 
HEMATOSEPSIS, Haamateclysis. 
HEMATOSIN, Hmmatin. 
HEMATO'SIS, E.rcemato'Bia, Enhcemato'eis, 
Hamatopoie'eie, Heematopoe'siB, Procrea'tio san- 
guinis; Decarbonization, Atmoepheriza'tion of 
the blood; Sanguification; from 'aiya, 'blood.' 
The transformation of the venous blood and chyle 
into arterial blood by respiration. Called, also, 
Aeration, Arterializa'tion of the blood. Forma- 
tion of blood in general. 
HEMATOSPILIA, Purpura haemorrhagica. 
HEMATOSPONGUS, Haematodes fungus. 
HEMATOSTAT'ICA, from 'aiya, 'blood,'and 
araTiKt), ' statics.' leches' mia, Hamaetat'ica, Hcs- 
matoBtat'ics, Hosmoatat'ics, Enes'ma, (F.) Hematos- 
tatiquee, Hemastatiquee, Hemoetatiquee. The doc- 
trine of the motion of the blood in living bodies. 
Also, remedies for stopping blood.-Catastaltica. 
HEMATOS'TEON, from 'atya, 'blood,' and 
oaneiv, ' a bone.' Effnsion of blood into the bones 
or joints. 
HEMATOSYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
HEMATOSYNAGOGE, Congestion. 
HEMATOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. 
HEMATO'TIS, Hcematus, from 'aiya, 'blood,' 
and ovs, gen. wroj, ' the ear.' Effusion of blood 
into the inner ear. 
IIEMATOTHO'RAX, Hesmatho'rax, H&mo- 
tho'rax, Heemop'tysie inter'na, Pleurorrhoe'a ean- 
guin'ea, Pneumorrhag"ia inter'na, Hemorrhag"ic 
Pleu'risy, Pleural hem'orrhage, from 'aiya, 'blood ' 
and 0wp«|, ' the chest.' Extravasation of blood 
into the chest. 
HEMATOX'YLON CAMPECHIA'NUM, 
Aca'cia Zeylon'ica, Logwood. The part of the 
tree, used in medicine, is the wood, Hoematox'yli 
Lignum, Lignum Oampechen'ae, L. Campechia'. HuEMATURESIS 
num, L. Campesca'num, L. In'dicum, L. Sappan, 
L. Brasilia'num rubrum, L. caeru'leum, (F.) Bois 
de Campeche. Family, Leguminos®. Sex. Sy st. 
Deaandria Monogynia. Logwood is almost ino- 
dorous ; of a sweetish, subastringent taste; and 
deep red colour. Its virtues are extracted both 
by water and alcohol. It is astringent and tonic, 
and is used in the protracted stage of diarrhoea 
and dysentery. 
HJEMATURESIS, Hmmaturia. 
H-zEMATU'RIA, Haemature'sis, from 'aiya, 
'blood,' and ovptw, 'I make urine.' Voiding of 
blood by urine. H(Bmorrhag"ia hcematu'ria, H. 
ex viris urina'riis, Haemure'sis, Hamu'ria, Mictio 
cruen'ta, JI. Sanguin'ea, Jlictus Cruen'tus seu 
Sanguineus, HeBmorrha'a via'rum urinaria'rum, 
Sanguis in Uri'na, Bloody urine, (F.) Pissement 
de Sang, Hematurie. Hemorrhage from the mu- 
cous membrane of the urinary passages. Like 
other hemorrhages, it may be active or passive. 
It may proceed from the kidneys, bladder, or 
urethra. The essential symptoms are : - blood, 
evacuated by the urethra; preceded by pain in 
the region of the bladder or kidneys, and accom- 
panied by faintness. Whencesoever it proceeds, 
haematuria usually takes place by exhalation. 
Rupture of vessels is by no means common in the 
mucous membranes. Active hcematuria requires 
general or local blood-letting; diluent and cool- 
ing drinks; absolute rest, and the horizontal 
posture. The chronic kind is more troublesome. 
It requires acidulated or aluminous drinks; cha- 
lybeates and tonics in general. When haematuria 
is excessive, cold injections may be thrown into 
the rectum or into the vagina of women, and to- 
pical applications be made to the perinseum. 
Hematuria Cystica, Cystorrhagia-h. Ejacu- 
latoria, Spermatocystidorrhagia - h. Seminalis, 
Spermatocystidorrhagia-h. Stillatitia, Urethror- 
rhagia. 
IIaEMATUS, Haematotis. 
ILEMAXIS, Blood-letting. 
HJEMENCEPHALUS, Apoplexy. 
HJEMERYTHRUM, Haematin. 
HJEMIDROSIS, see Diapedesis. 
H./EMISCHESIS, Haematischesis. 
HjEMI'TIS, from 'aiya, 'blood,' and itis, a 
suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation of 
the blood. (F.) Hemite. The alteration of the 
blood that occurs in inflammatory diseases. - 
Piorry. 
II.zEMO-ARTHRITIS, Rheumatism, (acute.) 
HjEMOCARDIORRHAG"IA, Apoplex'ia cor- 
dis, Apoplexy of the heart, from 'aiya, 'blood.' 
<api5<a. 'the heart,' and 'pijywpi, 'I break forth.' 
Effusion of blood into the substance of the heart. 
HASMOCERCH'NOS. This term has received 
two acceptations, owing to the different senses 
in which sipxyos is employed; signifying, some- 
times, hissing; at others, dry. Consequently, 
the Hellenists have translated the compound 
word, at times, by spitting of blood, with hissing 
in the throat; at others, by evacuation of dry 
matters. 
HJEMOCRYPHIA, Haematischesis. 
H2EM0DES, Sanguine. 
HjEMO'DIA, Hcemodias'mus, Hemo'dia, He- 
betu'do seu Stupor Den'tium, from '<upoi5rw, ('aipa, 
' blood,' and ohovs, ' a k.oth,') ' I have pain in the 
teeth.' Pain in the teeth,-and more especially 
Agacement, or the setting on edge of those bodies 
by acid or acerb substances. It is also called 
Odon'tia Stupo'ris, OdontaV'gia hepmo'dia, Dolor 
den'tium ct strido're, Cataplex'is, Odontamblyog'- 
tnus, Odonthyperasthe'sis, Tooth-edge. 
HtEMODIAPMUS, Htemodia. 
HJEMOIDES, Sanguine. 
BjEMOPATHIA, Haematonosus. 
424 
HEMOPTYSIS 
HEMOPERICAR'DIUM, Pericardi'tis exsu- 
dato'ria, from 'aipa, ' blood/ and pericardium. 
Effusion of blood into the pericardium. 
HEMOPERITONE'UM, from 'aiya, 'blood/ 
and irtpirwvaiov, 'peritoneum.' Effusion of blood 
into the peritoneum. 
HEMOPEX'IE, (G.) Hamopexien, from 
'aipa, 'blood/ and 'coagulation.' An order 
of diseases in which there is increased coagu- 
lability of the blood.-Hyperino'sis san'guinis.- 
Fuchs. 
HEMOPHEUM, Haemaphein. 
HEMOPHILIA, Haematophilia. 
HEMOPHOBIA, Hasmatophobia. 
HEMOPHTHAL 'MIA, Haematophthal' mi a, 
Hoematop'sia, from 'aipa, 'blood/ and otpOaXpot, 
'eye.' Hoemalo'pia, Hoemalo'pis, Hce'malops. Ef- 
fusion of blood into the eye. When the extrava- 
sation is external, it is called H. exter'na, Hypos- 
phag'ma and Hamalops extemus; when internal, 
Hcemophthal'mia inter'na, Hydraphthal'mus cru- 
en'tus, Hypoch'ysis hcemato'des, Hamatom'ma, and 
Hce'malops inter'nus. A blood-shot eye. 
HEMOPLANIA MENSTRUALIS, Menstru- 
ation, vicarious. 
HEMOPLETHORA, Plethora. 
HEMOPROGTIA, Haemorrhois. 
HEMOPTOE, Haemoptysis - h. Laryngea et 
Trachealis, Tracheorrhagia. 
HEMOPTOSIS, Haemoptysis. 
HEMOP'TYSIS, from 'aipa, 'blood,' and Trniw, 
'I spit.' Spitting of blood, II(Bmorrhag"ia Hce- 
mop'tysis, Hamap'tysis, Hamatoptys'ia, Hcema- 
top'tysis, Emp'toe, Emop'toe, Empto'ica pas'sio, 
Hcemoptys'mus, Haemopto'sis, Sputum sang'uinis, 
San'guinis fluor pulmo'num, Emopto'ica pas'sio, 
Hcemotis'mus, Haemorrhoe'a pulmona'lie, Cruen'ta 
exspui'tio, Hoemorrhag"ia pulmo'nis, Pas'sio hae- 
mopto'ica, Eejec'tio sang'uinis i pulmo'nibus, Ex- 
pectora'tio sang'uinis, Hcemorrhag"ia Bron'chica, 
Pneumorrhag"ia,Pneumonorrhag''ia, Pneumonor- 
rhoe'a, Bronchorrhag"ia, Emp'tysis, Hcemop'toe, 
Sputum cruen'tum, (F.) Hemoptysie, Crachement 
de sang, Expectoration de sang. Hemorrhage 
from the mucous membrane of the lungs; cha- 
racterized by the expectoration of more or less 
florid and frothy blood. It is generally preceded 
by cough ; dyspnoea; sense of heat in the chest, 
<fcc. It is important to discriminate between 
haemoptysis, produced by some accidental cause 
acting irregularly or periodically on the lungs ; 
and that which is, as it were, constitutional, and 
dependent on some organic affection of the lungs, 
or some faulty conformation of the chest. These 
two varieties differ as much in their prognosis 
and method of treatment, as in their causes. Con- 
stitutional haemoptysis is a serious disease, almost 
always announcing phthisis pulmonalis. The ac- 
cidental variety is chiefly dangerous by frequent 
recurrence, or too great loss of blood. 
The general causes of haemoptysis are the same 
as those of other kinds of hemorrhage. It has, 
besides, particular causes; such as too great ex- 
ercise of the lungs; - loud speaking, playing on 
wind instruments, breathing acrid vapours, <tc. 
It usually occurs between puberty and the age 
of 35. A sudden and terrific kind of haemoptysis 
is sometimes met with; consisting in a great 
afflux of blood to the lungs. This has been 
called Pul'monary Ap'oplexy, Apoplex'ia pulmo- 
na'lis, A. pulmo'num, Pneumorrhag"ia, Infarc'tus 
hoemorrhag" icus pulmo'num, (F.) Apoplexie pul- 
monaire, Hemoptysis foudroyante, Hemorrhag'ie 
interstitielle du Poumon. Infiltration of blood 
into the air-cells may occur without any haemop- 
tysis. 
Physical signs. Percussion may not always 
aid us \n haemoptysis, but generally a circum- HA3M0PTYSMUS 
scribed dulness will be perceived. The inspira- 
tory murmur, on auscultation, is feeble or absent, 
locally; and is replaced by bronchial respiration 
and bronchophony. A fine liquid crepitus is de- 
tected around the affected part; and in the larger 
tubes, near the spine, a liquid bubbling rhonchus 
is usually heard. The value of these signs is de- 
termined by the nature of the expectoration. The 
treatment of haemoptysis must be like that of in- 
ternal hemorrhage in general. 
Hemoptysis Interna, Hiematothorax-h. La- 
ryngea et Traehealis, Tracheorrhagia-h. Phthi- 
sis. Phthisis pulmonalis. 
HASMOPTYSMUS, Haemoptysis. 
IGEMORMESIS, Hypennmia. 
HASMORRHACHIS, Apoplexia myelitica. 
HAEMORRHAGE, Haemorrhagia. 
HA£MORRHAG"IA, from 'atpa, 'blood,'and 
priyw/ii, ' I break forth.' San'guinis proflu'vium 
copio'sum, Sanguiflux' us, Hcematoch' ysis, Aimor- 
rhoe'a, Hcemorrhoe'a, Hamatorrhag"ia, Hamatis' - 
mus, Hcematorrhoe'a, Hamator'rhysis, Hcemorr'hy- 
sis, Proflu'vium seu Prorup'tio seu Eruptio san- 
guinis, Profit'sio Sang'uinis, Hem'orrhage, Hcb- 
morrhage, Bleeding, Loss of blood, Rupturing, 
bursting, or breaking of a blood-vessel, (F.) He- 
morrhagic ou Hemorhagie, Perte de sang, Flux de 
sang. Any discharge of blood from vessels des- 
tined to contain it; with or without rupture of 
their coats. Hemorrhages may be spontaneous or 
traumatic: the first belong to the domain of me- 
dicine, the latter to that of surgery. They may, 
also, be internal or external; general-as in 
scurvy-or local. The hemorrhages by exhalation 
-those which chiefly interest the physician- 
have been classed, by Pinel, as follows : - 1. He- 
morrhage of the Mucous Membranes ; Epistaxis, 
Haemoptysis, Hsematemesis, Haemorrhoids, Hee- 
maturia, Uterine Hemorrhage. 2. Hemorrhage 
of the Tissues; Cutaneous, Cellular, Serous, Sy- 
novial. 
Hemorrhages have generally been distinguished 
into active and passive: in other words, into those 
dependent upon augmentation of the organic ac- 
tions, and those dependent upon debility. Ac- 
cording to Broussais, no spontaneous hemorrhage 
is passive; all are active, -that is, produced by 
increased action and excess of irritation of the 
blood-vessels : they may occur with debility, but 
not from debility. He calls those only ymmre 
hemorrhages, which are owing to an external 
lesion of the vessels. Hemorrhages have been, 
by some, divided into constitutional, or those de- 
pending on original conformation: - accidental, 
or those produced by some adventitious cause ; 
supplementary, or those which succeed others; 
symptomatic, critical, &c. 
When hemorrhage takes place into any tissue, 
or is interstitial, it receives the name, with many, 
of apoplexy. 
Active Hemorrhage, Hemorrhag"ia acti'va, H. 
arterio'sa, Cauma hcemorrhag" icum, Angeior- 
rhag"ia, occurs chiefly in the young and pletho- 
ric. Good living; the use of fermented liquor- 
excessive exercise, or too sedentary a life, may 
perhaps be ranked as predisponent causes. It is 
commonly preceded by heaviness and pulsation 
in the part, - owing to the afflux of blood and 
consequent hypersemia, - and by coldness of the 
extremities. The blood, evacuated, is generally 
of a florid red. In such active hemorrhages, the 
great indications of treatment will be, to dimi- 
nish plethora where it exists, and to lessen the 
heart's action. Bleeding, purgatives, and cold, 
will be the chief agents. 
Passive Hemorrhage, Hcemorrhag"ia passi'va, 
H. Veno'sa, Profu'sio, P. ha>morrhag"ica, occurs 
in those of weak constitution; or who have been 
425 
HEMORRHOIDAL 
debilitated by protracted disease, poor diet, long 
watching, excessive evacuations, <fce. 
The direct causes may be: - previous active 
hemorrhage; scorbutus, or any thing capable of 
inducing atony or asthenic hyperaemia of the 
small vessels. These hemorrhages are not pre- 
ceded by excitement or by any signs of local de- 
termination. They are usually accompanied by 
paleness of the countenance; feeble pulse; faint- 
ing, Ac. The indications of treatment will be:- 
to restore the action of the small vessels and the 
general tone of the system : hence the utility of 
styptics and cold externally; and of tonics and 
astringents, creosote, mineral acids, Ac., inter- 
nally. Hemorrhage also occurs from mechanical 
hyperaemia, as when haemoptysis is produced by 
tubercles in the lungs; haematemesis by disease 
of some of the solid viscera of the abdomen, Ac. 
In Traumatic Hemorrhages, or those which are 
the consequences of wounds of arterial or venous 
trunks, the blood is of a florid red colour, and 
issues by jets and pulses, if it proceed from an 
artery; whilst it is of a deeper red, issues slowly 
and by a continuous flow, if from a vein. If the 
capillary vessels be alone divided, the blood is 
merely effused at the surface of the wound. Of 
the means used for arresting these traumatic he- 
morrhages, some act mechanically as absorbents, 
ligature, and compression; others chymically, as 
fire, caustics, creosote, astringents, Ac. 
Hasmorrhagia Activa Narium, Epistaxis - 
h. Bronchica, Hsemoptysis-h. Cerebri, Apoplexy 
-h. per Cutem, Sudor cruentus - h. per Diaere- 
sin, see Diaaresis-h. perDiapedesin, Diapedesis- 
h. Faucium, Stomatorrhagia - h. Gingivarum, 
Ulorrhagia-h. Haematemesis, Haematemesis-h. 
Haematuria, Haematuria - h. Haemoptysis, Hae- 
moptysis- h. Hepatica, Hepathaamorrhagia - h. 
Hepatis, Hepatorrhagia - h. Intestinorum, Hae- 
matochezia-h. Mucosa, see Hsemorrhois-h. Na- 
bothi, see Parturition-h. Narinea, Epistaxis-h. 
Narium, Epistaxis - h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia-h. 
Penis, Stimatosis-h. Pulmonis, Haemoptysis-h. 
Renum, Nephrorrhagia-h. Universalis, Purpura 
haemorrhagica - h. Uterina, Metrorrhagia - h. 
Ventriculi, Haematemesis - h. Vesicae, Cystorr- 
hagia. 
HEMORRHINIA, Epistaxis. 
HEMORRHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
HEMORRHCE'A, from 'aina, 'blood,' and pro,, 
' I flow.' Haemorrhag"ia, Loss of blood. Some 
writers have proposed to restrict this name to 
passive hemorrhages. 
Ha:morrh<ea Petechialis, Purpura haemor- 
rhagica-h. Pulmonalis, Haemoptysis-h. Uterina, 
Metrorrhagia - h. Vasorum baemorrhoidalium, 
Haemorrhois - h. Ventriculi, Haematemesis - h. 
Viarum urinarium, Haematuria. 
HEMORRHOI'DAL, Hemorrhoi'dal, Hamor- 
rhoida'lis, Hcemorrho'ideus. Relating to hemor- 
rhoids ; as hemorrhoidal flux, hemorrhoidal tu- 
mours, Ac. 
Hemorrhoidal Arteries have been distin- 
guished into superior, middle, and inferior. 1. 
The first is the termination of the inferior me- 
senteric artery, which assumes the name superior 
hemorrhoidal, when it reaches the upper and pos- 
terior part of the rectum. 2. The middle hemor- 
rhoidal is furnished by the hypogastric or inter- 
nal pudic. It ramifies on the inferior and ante- 
rior part of the rectum. 3. The inferior hemor- 
rhoidal arteries are branches of the internal 
pudic, furnished to the inferior part of the rectum 
and to the muscles of the anus. 
Hemorrhoidal Nerves. These emanate from 
the sciatic and hypogastric plexuses; and cover 
the rectum with their numerous filaments. HA3M0RRH0IDALES 
Hemorrhoidal Veins follow the same distri- 
bution, and generally empty themselves into the 
lesser mesenteric. Some of them assist in the 
formation of the hypogastric vein. 
Hemorrhoidal Vessels, Vasa seda'lia, are 
those vessels which are distributed to the rectum 
-the seat of hemorrhoids. 
HASMORRHOIDALES NODI, Haemorrhois. 
HA5M0RRH0IDES, see Haemorrhois - h. 
Caecae, see Hsemorrhois- h. Fluentes, Haemor- 
rhois-h. Furentes, see Haemorrhois - h. Maris- 
cosae, Haemorrhois - h. non Fluentes, Haemor- 
rhois-h. Oris, Stomatorrhagia. 
Aimor'rho'is, Asclepias'mus, 
from 'aipa, ' blood,' and pew, ' I flow.' Aimor'rois, 
Proc'tica Maris'ca, Maris'ca, Proetal'gia Hoe- 
morrhoida'lis, Morbus Hoemorrhoidalis, Piles, 
(F.) Hemorrhoides. The essential symptoms of 
this affection are : - Livid and painful tubercles 
or excrescences, {Hemorrhoid'al Tumours,} usu- 
ally attended with a discharge of mucus or blood, 
{Hemorrhoid' al flux, Proctorrhoe' a, Hcemoproc'tia, 
Hcemorrhoe'a vasorum hcemorrho'ida'Hum, (F.) 
Hemaproctie.} The most common causes of piles 
are a sedentary life; accumulation of faeces in 
the rectum; violent efforts at stool; pregnancy, 
Ac. The precursory symptoms are: - pains in 
the loins; stupor of the lower limbs; and un- 
easiness in the abdomen and rectum, with more 
or less gastric, cerebral, and indeed general dis- 
order;- constituting the Diath'esis Hcemorrhoi- 
da'lis, Matus seu Turba Hamorrhoida'lis, and 
Moli'men Hcp.morrhoida'le, of most of the writers 
of Continental Europe. To these symptoms fol- 
low one or more round, smooth, renitent, painful, 
pulsating, and erectile tumours, around the mar- 
gin of the anus, or within the anus; some pour- 
ing out blood occasionally. After having re- 
mained, for a time, tense and painful, they gra- 
dually shrink and disappear. The chief symp- 
toms, occasioned by hemorrhoidal tumours, when 
much inflamed, are;-constant pain, liable, how- 
ever, to exacerbations, and obliging the patient 
to preserve the horizontal posture, and to become 
augmented by the least pressure, or by the pas- 
sage of the faeces. 
Haemorrhoids have generally been distinguished 
into - Haemorrho'ides Fluen'tes seu Morisco'see, 
Proc'tica Maris'ca cruen'ta, Bleeding or Open 
Piles; and into H. non fluen'tes, Proc'tica Ma- 
ris'ca cceca, Hcemorrho'i'des ccecce seu furen'tes, 
Hamorrhoida'les nodi, Shut or blind piles. They 
have, also, been divided into interna? or occult, 
and external, according to their situation; and 
into accidental or constitutional. 
Hemorrhoidal Tumours are extremely trouble- 
some, by their disposition to frequent recurrence; 
and they are apt to induce fistula; otherwise, 
they are devoid of danger. When anatomically 
examined, they are found not to consist in a va- 
ricose dilatation of the veins of the rectum; but 
to be formed of a very close, spongy, texture; 
similar to that which surrounds the orifice of the 
vagina; and to be erectile, like it. They are 
surrounded by a delicate membrane, and have no 
internal cavity. The treatment, in mild cases of 
hemorrhoidal tumours, is simple. Rest; the ho- 
rizontal posture; the use of mild laxatives, as 
sulphur, castor oil, and emollient glysters, will 
be sufficient. If they be much inflamed, leeches 
may be applied; and warm cataplasms or cold 
lotions, according to circumstances, be prescribed, 
with abstinence, and cooling drinks. Afterwards, 
an ointment, composed of powdered galls and 
opium, may afford relief. It is in the relaxed 
kind, that such ointment, and the internal use of 
Ward's Paste, can alone be expected to afford 
426 
ILEMOTELANGIOSIS 
much benefit. If, after repeated attacks, the tu- 
mours remain hard and painful, and threaten 
fistula, they may be removed. 
By Hemorrhoidal Flux, Fluxus hamorrho'ida- 
lis, Proctorrhag"ia, is meant the hemorrhage 
which takes place from the rectum, owing to he- 
morrhoids. It is a common affection. The quan- 
tity of blood discharged is various: at times, it 
is very trifling; at others, sufficient to induce 
great debility, and even death. It is announced 
and accompanied by the same symptoms, as pre- 
cede and attend hemorrhoidal tumours. Like 
other hemorrhages it may be active or passive ; 
accidental or constitutional. The prognosis is 
rarely unfavourable. The affection may, almost 
always, be relieved by properly adapted means. 
These resemble such as are necessary in hemor- 
rhages in general. Perfect quietude, - mental 
and corporeal, light diet, cooling drinks; bleeding 
if the symptoms indicate it; astringents, (if the 
disease be protracted and passive,) such as the 
Tinctura Ferri Chloridi; aspersions of cold 
water on the anus: astringent injections; plug- 
ging and compression. Such will be the principal 
remedial agents. When the hemorrhage has be- 
come habitual or is vicarious, some caution may 
be required in checking it; and, if inconvenience 
arise from a sudden suppression, its return may 
be solicited by the semicupium, sitting over warm 
water; aloetic purgatives, glysters, irritating sup- 
positories, &c.; or leeches may be applied to the 
anus. 
To the internal bleeding pile, a soft, red, straw- 
berry-like elevation of the mucous membrane, 
Dr. Houston, of Dublin, gives the name vascular 
tumour. tFor its removal he recommends the ap- 
plication of nitric acid, so as to produce slough- 
ing of its surface. 
Some authors have described a species of Leu- 
corrhoe'a Ana'lis or whitish discharge from the 
anus, which often attends ordinary haemorrhoids. 
This they have called Proctica maris'ca muco'sa, 
Haemor'rho'is alba, II<Emorrhag"ia muco'sa, Leu- 
cor'rho'is, Ac. It requires no special mention. 
ab ExaniA, Proctocele-h. Pro- 
cedens, Proctocele. 
from 'aipoppois, 
'hcemorrkois,' ptw, 'I flow,' and 'I restrain.' 
Reten'tio fiuxus hcemorrhoida'lis. Suppression or 
retention of the hemorrhoidal flux. 
HjEMORRHOPHE'SIS, Absorp'tio sang'uinis, 
from 'aipa, 'blood,' and poipaw, 'I sip up.' Ab- 
sorption of blood. 
ILEMORRIIOPHTLTA, Hsematophilia. 
HjEMORRHOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia. 
' H2EM0RRHYSIS, Hmmorrhagia. 
HJEMOSCIIEOCELE, Haematoscheocele. 
HASMOSCOPIA, Haematoscopia. 
HjEMOSPASIA, see Haemospastic. 
(F.) Hemospasique, from 
'aiga, 'blood,' and a-rtau>, 'I draw.' An agent 
which draws or attracts blood to a part; as a 
cupping-glass. The operation is termed Hcemos- 
pa'sia, (F.) Hemospasie. It is generally applied 
to a process by which the air is exhausted over a 
considerable surface, as over one or more of the 
extremities, by an appropriate pneumatic appa- 
ratus. 
HuEMOSTA'SIA, Hcemos'tasis, Epid'esis, San'- 
guinie stagna'tio, (F.) Hemostasie, from 'aiua, 
'blood,' and araais, 'stagnation.' Stagnation of 
blood. This name has, also, been given to any 
operation, the object of which is to arrest the flow 
of blood. 
HAEMOSTATICS, Heematostatica. 
HuEMOTELANGIOSIS, Telangiectasia. ILEMOTEXIA 
HA3M0TEXIA, Hsemateclysis. 
HjEMOTEXIS, Hsemateclysis. 
HJEMOTHORAX, Haemathorax. 
H.EMOTISMUS, Haemoptysis. 
H2EMOT'ROPHY, Hamotroph'ia ; from 'atpa, 
' blood,' and ' nourishment.' Excess of 
sanguineous nourishment.-Prout. 
H2EMURIA, Hsematuria. 
HAJMURESIS, Haematuria. 
HjEMYDOR, Serum of the blood. 
H2EREDITARIUS, Hereditary. 
H.ESITATIO, Balbuties. 
H2EVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. 
HAG ARD, Haggard. 
HAGE'NIA ABYSSIN'ICA, Brayera anthel- 
min'tiea, Bank'sia Abyssin'ica. An Abyssinian 
tree of the family Rosaceae; Sexual system, Ico- 
sandria Digynia, which the natives plant round 
their habitations, as an ornament. The infusion 
or decoction of its flowers is employed by them 
as an anthelmintic, especially in cases of tape- 
worm. It is called, there, Cusso or Kosso, and 
Habbi. 
HAGGARD, (F.) Hagard. The French use 
the term Air hagard, (Eil hagard, ' Haggard 
air,' 'Haggard eye,' for a physiognomy, in which 
there is at once an expression of madness and 
terror. 
HAGIOSPERMUM, Artemisia santonica. 
HAGIOXYLUM, Guaiacum. 
HAIL, Chalaza. 
HAIR, Sax. haen, Crines, Pilus, Thrix, Pile, 
(F.) Poil. A conical, corneous substance, the free 
portion or shaft, scapus, of which issues to a greater 
or less distance from the skin, to the tissue of 
which it adheres by a bulb, Bulbus pili, seated in 
the areolar membrane,-where alone it is sensi- 
ble. The hair receives various names in different 
parts - as Beard, Cilia, Eyebrows, Hair of the 
head (Capilli,) &c. 
Hair, Falling off of the, Alopecia-h. Mat- 
ted, Plica-h. Muscular, Dracunculus-h. Plaited, 
Plica - h. Trichomatose, Plica - h. Worm, Seta 
equina, see Ectozoa. 
HAIRY, Pileous. 
HAL, Salt. 
HALA'TION, Hala'tium; diminutive of 'aXs, 
' salt.' A pungent remedy, with the ancients, 
which contained salts. 
HALCHEMI'A. The alchymists so called the 
art of fusing salts: from 'aX(, ' salt,' and ' I 
pour out.'-Libavius. 
HALCYON, Alcyon. 
HALCYONIUM ROTUNDUM, Pila marina. 
HALE, Ephelides. 
HALEINE, Breath-A. Courte, Dyspnoea. 
HALELAS'ON, Halelce'um, from 'aXi, 'salt,' 
and tXaiov, 'oil.' Oleum Salt mixtum. A mix- 
ture of oil and salt, for removing swellings of the 
joints.-Galen. 
HALETERATION, Alteration. 
HALF-CASTE, Half-Cast, see Caste. A term 
applied, in India, to the offspring of a Hindoo 
and a European. Since, extended to the offspring 
of mixed races. The subjoined list from Tschudi's 
Travels in Peru, 1838 -1842, shows the parent- 
age of the different varieties of half-casts, and 
also the proper designations of the latter, as ob- 
served in South America. 
Parents. Children. 
White Father and Negro Mother, Mulatto. 
White Father and Indian Mother, Meztizo. 
Indian Father and Negro Mother, Chino. 
White Father and Mulatta Mother, Cuarteron. 
427 
HALMYRODES 
White Father and MestizaMother 
Creole (only distin- 
guished from the 
white by a pale 
brownish complex- 
ion.) 
White Father and China Mother, Chino-bianco. 
White Father and Cuarterona 
Mother 
White Father and Quintera Mo- 
ther, 
Quintero. 
White. 
Negro Father and Mulatta Mother,Zambo-negro. 
Negro Father and Meztiza Mother,Mulatto oscuro. 
Negro Father and China Mother, Zambo chino. 
Negro Father and Zamba Mother, 
Zambo-negro (per- 
fectly black.) 
Negro Father and Cuarterona or 
Quintera Mother, 
Indian Father and Mulatta Mo- 
ther, 
Mulatto (rather 
dark.) 
China-oscuro. 
Indian Father and Meztiza Mo-' 
ther1 
Mestizo-claro (fre- 
quently very beau- 
tiful.) 
Indian Father and China Mother, Chino-cholo. 
Indian Father and Zamba Mo- 
ther 
Zambo-claro. 
Indian Father with China-chola 
Mother 
Indian (with rather 
short frizzy hair.) 
Indian Father and Cuarterona or 
Quintera Mother, 
Mulatto Father and Zamba Mo- 
ther 
Meztizo (rather ' 
brown.) 
Zarnbo (a misera- 
ble race.) 
Mulatto Father and Meztiza Mo- 
ther, 
Chino (of rather 
clear complexion.) 
Mulatto Father and China Mother,Chino(ratherdark.) 
See Mulatto. 
HALICA, Alica. 
HALICACALUM, Physalis. 
HALICES, Pandiculation. 
HALIDRYS VESICULOSA, Fucus vesicu- 
losus. 
HALINA'TRUM, Halini'trwn, Haloni'trum; 
from 'aXj, 'salt,' and natrurn or natron. A name 
given by the ancients to subcarbonate of soda, 
containing a little subcarbonate of ammonia, 
which is found, ready-formed, on the plaster of 
damp walls, in places inhabited by man or ani- 
mals. Also, Potassae nitras. 
HALINITRUM, Halinatrum. 
HALINUS, Saline. 
HAL'ITUOUS, Halituo'sus, from halitus, 'va- 
pour? (F.) Halitueux. The skin is said to be ha- 
litueuse, when covered with a gentle moisture. 
The vapour, exhaled in all the cavities of the 
body, so long as the blood is warm, is called 
Hal'itus. The odorous vapour, exhaled by the 
blood itself whilst warm, is called Hal'itus San'- 
guinis. 
Halitus, Breath - h. Oris Foetidus, Breath, 
offensive-h. Sanguinis, Gaz sanguinis. See Ha- 
lituous. 
HALL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
springs of Hall, in Upper Austria, contain iodine. 
HALLUCINATIO HYPOCHONDRIASIS, 
Hypochondriasis-h. Vertigo, Vertigo. 
HALLUCINA'TION,77aMuctna'ti'o, Halucina'- 
tio, Falla'cia, Illu'sio sensus, Socor'dia, Alu'sia, 
Illu'sio, Allucina'tio, Parora'sis, Somnia'tio in 
statu vig"ili, Ido'lum, Waking dream, Phan'tasm, 
from allucinari, 'to err;' 'to be deceived.' A 
morbid error in one or more of the senses. Per- 
ception of objects, which do not in fact exert any 
impression on the external senses. Hallucination 
or delusion almost always, if not always, depends 
on disorder of the brain, but is not an index of 
insanity, unless the patient believes in the exist- 
ence of the subject of the hallucination. 
HALLUS, Pollex pedis. 
HALLUX, Pollex pedis. 
HALME, Muria. 
HALMYRO'DES, Salsugino'sus, Salsusig"i- 
nous, from 'aX/ivpis, ('aXpr/, 'sea-water,''uXt, salt,') 
'a salt liquor,' saltish. An enithet given to any HALMYRtTS 
affection, in which the heat feels pungent under 
the finger of the physician.-Hippocrates. 
HALMYRUS, Saline. 
HALO, Areola. 
Halo Signa'tus. The impression made hy 
the ciliary processes on the anterior surface of the 
vitreous humour. So called from its consisting 
of a circle of indentations.-Sir C. Bell. Called 
by Haller, Stria ret'in# subject'# ligamen'to 
tilia'ri. 
HALODERjE'UM, from 'aXs, 'salt,' and btpatov, 
•a* collar,' (&p>7, 'neck.') CoWa'nwm sali'num. 
A collar of salt applied to the neck, as in cases 
of croup. 
HALOGENE, Chlorine. 
HALOID UM OXYGENATUM, Potassse mu- 
rias hyperoxygenatus. 
HALONIITIS, Induration of the cellular 
tissue. 
HALONITRUM, Halinatrum. 
HALOPE'GAl, from 'aXs, 'aXos, 'salt,' and 
nr/yt), 'a spring.' Mineral waters whose chief in- 
gredient is common salt-chloride of sodium. 
HALOS, Areola. 
HALOT'YLE, Cul'cita sali'na, from 'aXs, 'salt,' 
and rvXri, 'a bolster.' A bolster or pillow of salt 
recommended in croup. 
HALS, 'aXs, ' salt;' hence Halogene, Haloid, &c. 
HALTE'RES. Pieces of lead held in the 
hands by the ancients to assist them in leaping. 
HALUCINATIO, Hallucination. 
HALYCODES, Saline. 
HALYCIS MEMBRANACEA, Bothriocepha- 
lus latus-h. Solium, Taenia solium. 
HAM, Poples. 
HAMAME'LIS VIRGINIA'NA, H. Virgin'i- 
ca, Witch hazel, Winter witch hazel, Snapping 
Hazelnut, Winter bloom. The bark of this tree, 
which is a native of the United States, is some- 
what bitter and sensibly astringent; but it has 
not been much used. A cataplasm of the inner 
rind of the bark is said to have been found effica- 
cious in painful inflammation of the eyes. 
HAMARTHRI'TIS, Holarthri'tis, Catholar- 
thri'tis, Arthri'tis universa'lis, from 'apa, ' at 
once,' and apdpiris, 'gout.' Gout in all the joints. 
Universal gout. 
HAM'MA, Nodus, 'a tie.' A knot, used for 
retaining bandages on any part. - Hippocrates. 
A truss. 
HAMPSTEAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters, situate in the neighbourhood of 
London, are a good chalybeate. 
HAMSTRING, To, see Hamstrings. 
HAMSTRINGS, (F.) Jarretiers. The strings 
or tendons of the ham. 
The Hamstring Muscles are the biceps femo- 
ris, whose tendon forms the outer hamstring ; and 
the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis 
and sartorius, whose tendons form the inner 
hamstring. 
' To hamstring' means to cut the strings or ten- 
dons of the ham. 
HAMULAR PROCESS, see Hamulus. 
HAM'ULUS. Diminutive of hamus, 'a hook.' 
A hook or crook: Ancis'tron. Also, any hook- 
like process; as the hamulus or hamular process 
bf the pterygoid process. 
Hamulus Laminje Spiralis, see Lamina spi- 
ralis. 
HAMUS, see Hamulus. 
HANCHE, Haunch. • 
HAND, Manus. 
HANDS, DROPPED, Hand-drop, Wrist-drop. 
A popular term for the paralysis of the hand, in- 
duced by the action of lead. 
HANGERS, Crusta genu equin®. 
428 
HARMONY 
HANGNAIL, (F.) Envie. A portion of epi- 
dermis, detached so as to tear the integument in 
the vicinity of the finger nails. 
HANNEBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
HAPANTIS'MUS, Badly formed from irac, 
or 'anas, ' all.' Oblitera'tio comple'ta. The mat- 
ting or growing together of organic parts. 
HAPHE, 'a0>7, 'feeling, touch.' Hence: 
HAPHON'OSI, Haphonu'si, from 'the 
touch.' Morbi Diseases of the sense of 
touch. 
HAPLOACNE, Acne simplex. 
HAPLOPATHI'A, from 'aiiXos, 'simple,'and 
irados, ' disease.' Morbus simplex. A simple or 
uncomplicated affection. 
HAPLOTOM'IA, Simplex sec'tio, Incis'io sim- 
plex, Opera'tio simplex, from 'aitXot, ' simple,' and 
ropTj, ' incision.' A simple incision. 
HAPSIS, Touch. 
HAPTODYSPHOR'IA, Tactus dolorif'icus ; 
from 'a<pn, 'touch,' and bvmpopos, 'difficult to be 
borne.' Painful to the touch. 
HAPTOT'ICA, Haptot'ice, from 'touch.' 
The doctrine of the phenomena of touch. 
HARD, (G.) hart, Burns, Scleros, (F.) Dur. 
That which offers much resistance. In anatomy, 
the hard parts are those which compose the os- 
seous basis of the body; in other words, the skele- 
ton. See Pulse, hard. 
HARD'S FARINACEOUS FOOD, see Fari- 
naceous. 
HARDESIA, Hibernicus lapis. 
HARDBACK, Spiraea tomentosa. 
HARE-LIP, Lagochi'lus, Lagos'toma, Lagon'- 
tomum, Lagen'tomum, La'bium Lepori'num, Olo- 
pho'nia Labii Loba'ta, Lepori'num rostrum, (F.) 
Bee de Lievre. A fissure or perpendicular divi- 
sion of one or both lips. It has been so called, 
in consequence of the upper lip of the hare being 
thus divided. Hare-lip is generally congenital; 
at other times it is accidental, or produced by a 
wound, the edges of which have not been brought 
into contact, and have healed separately. It is 
simple, when there is but one division; double, 
when there are two; and complicated, when there 
is, at the same time, a division or cleft of the su- 
perior maxillary bone and of the palate-Cleft or 
fis'sured palate, Wolf's jaw, Rictus lupi'nus; or 
a projection of the teeth into the separation of the 
lip. 
In the Hare-lip operation, there are two indi- 
cations to be fulfilled. First, to pare, with the 
knife or scissors, the edges of the cleft, and, af- 
terwards, to preserve them in contact; in order 
to cause adhesion. This last object is accom- 
plished by means of pins, passed through the 
edges of the division; in other words, by the 
twisted suture. The projecting teeth must, of 
course, be previously removed. If there be sepa- 
ration of the palate, it will become less and less 
after the union of the lip, or the operation of sta- 
phyloraphy may be performed upon it. 
Hare's Ear, Bupleurum rotundifolium - h. 
Eye, Lagophthalmia. 
HARGNE, Hernia-h. Anburysmale, Cirsom- 
phalus. 
HARICOT, Phaseolus vulgaris-h. Grand de 
Perou, Jatropha curcas. 
HARMALIA, Aliment. 
HARMONY, Harmo'nia, Harmos, primarily 
from apw, ' I adjust.' Anatomists have called Su- 
ture by Harmony or simply Harmony, Ealse or 
superficial suture, Sutu'ra os'sium spu'ria, Com- 
pa' ges os'sium per Un'earn sim'plicem, an immov- 
able articulation, in which the depressions and 
eminences, presented by the bony surfaces, are 
but slightly marked; so that it might be pre- HARMUS 
sumed that the junction of the bones took place 
by simple apposition of their surfaces. An in- 
stance of harmony occurs in the union of the 
superior maxillary bones with each other. 
HARMUS, Articulation, Harmony. 
HAR'ROWGATE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The villages of High and Low Harrowgate are 
situate in the centre of the county of York, near 
Knaresborough, twenty miles from York, and 
fifteen from Leeds. Here are several valuable 
sulphurous and chalybeate springs. The sulphu- 
reous springs contain chloride of sodium, chloride 
of calcium, chloride of magnesium, bicarbonate 
of soda, sulphohydric acid, carbonic acid, carbu- 
retted hydrogen, and azote. The chalybeate 
springs contain protoxide of iron, chloride of so- 
dium, sulphate of soda, chloride of calcium, chlo- 
ride of magnesium, carbonic acid, azote, and oxy- 
gen. For the former, Ilarrowgate is celebrated 
and frequented. 
Harrowgate Salts, Artificial, are much 
employed, and not unfrequently by those who 
drink the genuine water, for the purpose of in- 
creasing its aperient power. They may be made 
as follows :-Sulph. Potass, cum Sulph. £yj ; Po- 
tass. bitart. 5j ; Magnes. Sulph. in pulv. 3 vj. M. 
The usual dose is a teaspoonful, in a small tum- 
blerful of tepid water, early in the morning. 
Harrowgate Water, Artificial, may be 
formed of common salt, water, Oiij; impreg- 
nated with the gas from sulphuret of potass, and 
sulphuric acid, aa The following form has 
also been recommended. R. Sulphat. Potass, 
cum sulph. (Ph. Ed.) %j; Potass, bitart. XSs; 
Magnes. sulphat. gvj ; Aqua destillat. Oij. One- 
half to be taken for a dose. 
HARTFELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
ITartfell Spa is about five miles from Moffat, in 
Scotland. The water is a chalybeate, and is 
much used. 
HARTSHORN, Cervus, Cornu cervi, Liquor 
cornu cervi - h. Red, Spiritus lavandulae com- 
positus - h. and Oil, Linimentum ammonias car- 
bonatis. 
HARTS' TONGUE, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
II ART WORT OF MARSEILLES, Seseli tor- 
tuosum. 
HASCHICH, see Bangue. 
II AST A, Penis - h. Nuptialis, Penis - h. Vi- 
rilism Penis. 
IIASTELLA, Splint 
HASTINGS, CLIMATE OF. This place has 
the reputation of being one of the mildest and 
most sheltered winter residences on the south 
coast of England. Owing to its low situation, 
and the height of the neighbouring cliffs, it is 
protected in a great degree from all northerly 
winds ; and hence is found a favourable residence 
generally for invalids labouring under diseases 
of th# chest. 
HASTULA REGIS, Asphodelus ramosus. 
HATFIELD'S TINCTURE, see Tinctura Gua- 
iaci ammoniata. 
HAUNCH, Coxa,Coxen' dix,oftheLatins; ayxp, 
or of the Greeks; Ancha, Ischion, Osphys, 
Hip, Cossa, (F.) Hanche. The region of the trunk 
which is formed by the lateral parts of the pelvis 
and the hip-joint, including the soft parts. In 
women, on account of the greater width of the 
pelvis, the haunches are more marked and pro- 
minent than in men. 
HAUSTEL'LATE, Haustella'tus, from Aaun'o, 
haustus, ' I drink up.' An epithet for the struc- 
ture of mouth, which is adapted for drinking or 
pumping up liquids. Insects, which possess that 
kind of mouth, are so named. Ehrenberg refers 
the fancied spermatozoon to the haustellate en- 
tozoa. 
429 
HEART 
HAUSTUS, Po'tio, Potiun'cula. A Draught. 
A liquid medicine, which can be taken at a 
draught. 
Haustus Niger, see Infusum sennas compo- 
situm. 
HAUT MAL, Epilepsy. 
HAVAN'A or HAVAN'NAH, CLIMATE OF. 
The climate of Cuba is often selected for the 
phthisical invalid during the winter months, and 
so far as regards elevation and comparative equa- 
bility of temperature, it is more favourable for 
those of weak lungs than that of the United 
States. The mean annual temperature is high 
(78°), but the difference between the mean tem- 
perature of the warmest and coldest months is 
twice as great as at Madeira. 
HAW, BLACK, Viburnum prunifolium. 
HAWKNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
HAWKWEED, VEINY, Hieracium venosum. 
HAWTHORN, WHITE, Mespilus oxyacan- 
tha. 
HAY, CAMEL'S, Juncus odoratus-h. Asthma, 
Fever, Hay. 
HAYRIFF, Galium aparine. 
HAZEL, BEAKED, Corylus rostrata-h. Crot- 
tles, Lichen pulmonarius-h. Nut, snapping, Ha- 
mamelis Virginiana-h. Nut tree, Corylus avel- 
lana-h. Witch, Hamamelis Virginiana. 
HEAD, Sax. heapob, heayb, heaved; the past 
participle of heapin, ' to heave up.' Caput, Ce- 
phale, Cy'be, (F.) Tete. The head forms the 
upper extremity of the body, and tops the skele- 
ton. It consists of the cranium and face. The 
first, which comprises all the superior and poste- 
rior part, has the encephalon in its cavity : the 
latter forms only the anterior part, and serves as 
the receptacle for the greater part of the organs 
of the senses. 
Head, Water in the, Hydrocephalus. 
Head Ach, Cephalsea, Cephalalgia - h. Ach, 
intermittent, Cephalalgia periodica-h. Ach, sick, 
Cephalasa spasmodica. 
HEADY, same etymon as Head. (F.) Capiteux. 
That which inebriates readily. An epithet, ap- 
plied to wines, which possess this quality. 
HEAL-ALL, Collinsonia Canadensis, Prunella 
vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
HEALING, Curative-h. Art, Medicine. 
HEALTH, Sanitas. 
HEALTHY, Salutary. 
HEARING, HARDNESS OF, Deafness -h. 
Perverse, Paracusis perversa. 
HEART, Sax. heoyt, Germ. Herz, Cor, Gear, 
Cer, Car'dia, reap, srjp, Kapha, (F.) Coeur. An 
azygous muscle, of an irregularly pyramidal 
shape; situate obliquely and a little to the left 
side, in the chest;-resting on the diaphragm by 
one of its surfaces:-suspended by its base from 
the great vessels ; free and movable in the rest 
of its extent, and surrounded by the pericardium. 
The right side of the body of the heart is thin 
and sharp, and is called Margo acu'tus: the left 
is thick and round, and termed Margo obtu'sus. 
It is hollow within, and contains four cavities; 
two of which, with thinner and less fleshy walls, 
receive the blood from the lungs and the rest of 
the body, and pour it into two others, with thick 
and very fleshy parietes, which send it to the 
lungs and to every part of the body. Of these 
cavities, the former are called auricles, the latter 
ventricles. The right auricle and right ventricle 
form the Pulmonic or right or anterior heart, (F.) 
Coeur du poumon, C. du sang noir, C. droit, C. 
anterieur: and the left auricle and ventricle, the 
systemic, corporeal, left, or aortic heart, (F.) Coeur 
du corps, C. gauche, C. aortigue ou C. rouge. In 
the adult, these are totally distinct from each 
other, being separated by a partition; - the sep- HEART 
turn cordis. Into the right auricle, the venae 
cavae,-superior and inferior,-and the coronary 
vein, open. The pulmonary artery arises from 
the right ventricle; the four pulmonary veins 
open into the left auricle, and the aorta arises 
from the left ventricle. 
The mean weight of the heart, in the adult, 
from the twenty-fifth to the sixtieth year, is, ac- 
cording to Bouillaud, from eight to nine ounces. 
The dimensions, according to Lobstein and Bouil- 
laud, are as follows : - Length, from base to 
apex, five inches six lines; breadth, at the base, 
three inches; thickness of the walls of the left 
ventricle, seven lines; at a finger's breadth above 
the apex, four lines; thickness of the walls of the 
right ventricle, two and a quarter lines; at the 
apex, half a line; thickness of right auricle, one 
line; of the left auricle, half a line. The heart 
is covered, externally, by a very thin, membra- 
nous reflection from the pericardium. The mus- 
cular structure of which it is constituted is much 
thicker in the parietes of the ventricle than in 
those of the auricles. Its cavities are lined by a 
very delicate membrane, the endocardium, which 
is continuous with the inner membrane of the 
arteries, as regards the left cavities, and with that 
of the veins, as regards the right. Its arteries- 
the coronary-arise from the commencement of the 
aorta. Its nerves proceed, chiefly, from the pneu- 
mogastric and the cervical ganglions of the great 
sympathetic. The heart is the great agent in 
the circulation. By its contraction, the blood is 
sent over every part of the body. Its action does 
not seem to be directly owing to nervous influ- 
ence received from the brain or spinal marrow, 
or from both. The circulation may, indeed, be 
kept up, for some time, if both brain and spinal 
marrow be destroyed. 
When the ear is applied to the chest, a dull, 
lengthened sound is heard, which is synchronous 
with the arterial pulse. This is instantly suc- 
ceeded by a sharp, quick sound, like that of the 
valve of a bellows or the lapping of a dog, and 
this is followed by a period of repose. The first 
sound appears to be mainly produced by the con- 
traction of the ventricles; the second, by the re- 
flux of the blood against the semilunar valves. 
These are what are called the Sounds of the 
Heart. Dr. C. J. B. Williams thinks that the 
word lubb-dup conveys a notion of the two 
sounds. The Beating or Impulse of the heart, 
Heart-stroke, against the parietes of the chest is 
mainly caused, perhaps, by the systole of the 
heart, which tends to project it forwards. It is 
doubted, however, by some, whether the impul- 
sion be produced by the dilatation or the con- 
traction of the ventricles. 
The following table exhibits the different ac- 
tions of the heart, and their coincidence with its 
sounds and impulse. It presumes, that the period 
from the commencement of one pulsation to that 
of another is divided into eight parts; and if the 
ease of a person, whose pulse beats sixty times 
in a minute, be taken, each of these parts will 
represent the eighth of a second. 
Eighths of a Second. 
Last part of the pause, •.. 1.. Auricles contracting; 
ventricles distend- 
ed. 
First sound andimpulse,.4. .Ventricles contract- 
ing; auricles dilat- 
ing. 
Second sound,2. .Ventricles dilating; 
auricles dilating. 
Pause,1. .Ventricles dilating; 
auricles distended. 
The heart is subject to different organic dis- 
430 
HEAT 
eases ; the chief of which are aneurism, contrac- 
tion of the apertures, and rupture of its parietes. 
Heart, Atrophy of the, Atroph'ia seu Ari- 
du'ra Cordis, Phthisis Cordis, Cardiatroph'ia, 
Acardiotroph'ia. A condition of the organ in 
which there is diminution in the thickness of the 
parietes of the whole organ. 
Heart, Beating of the, see Heart - h. Dila- 
tation of the, see Aneurism-h. Displacement of 
the, Ectopia Cordis - h. Fatty, Steatosis cordis. 
Heart, Hy'pertrophy of the, Hypertroph'ia 
Cordis, Hypercor'dia, Hypersarco'sis Cordis, Hy- 
percar diotroph'ia, Cardiaux'e, Aneurys'nia cor- 
dis acti'vum (Corvisart), Cor bovi'num, (F.) Hy- 
pertrophic du Coeur. Supernutrition of the mus- 
cular parietes of the heart, which are thicker than 
usual; the cavities being generally diminished. 
The physical signs which indicate it are the fol- 
lowing. In cases of long standing, the praecordial 
region is generally prominent; the pulsations of 
the heart are visible over a greater extent than 
natural; and a marked vibration is communi- 
cated to the hand when placed on the cardiac 
region. The dull sound on percussion is more 
extensive than natural; and on auscultation 
there is a permanent increase of the force and 
extent of the heart's action; there is no increase, 
however, of frequency, and the rhythm is regular. 
The pulse is generally strong, full, and hard. 
Heart, Hypertrophy with Dilatation of 
the, Active an'eurism, Eccen'tric hy'pertrophy. 
In this affection, the pulsations can be seen and 
felt over a larger space, and the apex is more to 
the left and lower down than natural. The im- 
pulse is less steady, but at times more violent 
than that which accompanies simple hypertrophy. 
Percussion gives more distinct evidence of the en- 
largement, the sound being more extensively dull. 
On auscultation, the impulse is often violent, but 
irregular: in extreme cases, it produces the sen- 
sation of a large mass of flesh rolling or revolving 
beneath the ear. The pulse is strong, full, and 
vibratory. The shock of the heart's action is 
often transmitted to the whole person, and to the 
bed on which the patient is lying. 
Heart, Concentric Hypertrophy of the, Car- 
diarctie, is when the parietes augment at the ex- 
pense of the cavities. 
Heart, Impulse of the, see Heart-h. Neu- 
ralgia of the, Angina Pectoris-h. Rupture of the, 
Cardiorrhexis - h. Sounds of the, see Heart-h. 
Stroke, see Heart. 
HEART'S EASE, Viola tricolor. 
HEARTS, LYMPH, Lymphatic hearts - h. 
Lymphatic, Lymphatic hearts. 
HEARTBURN, Ardor ventriculi, Cardialgia. 
HEARTWORT, Laserpitium album. 
HEAT, past participle of Sax. heetan, 'to make 
warm.' Oalor, Thermo, (F.) Chpleur. 
The material cause, which produces the sensa- 
tion-or the particular sensation itself-produced 
by a body of an elevated temperature, on our or- 
gans, especially on the organs of touch. Modern 
chymists have given the name Calo'ric to the 
principle, whatever may be its nature, which is 
the cause of heat. When we touch a body of a 
temperature superior to our own, a portion of 
caloric passes from the body to the hand, and 
produces the sensation of heat. If, on the con- 
trary, we touch a body of a temperature inferior 
to our own, we communicate a portion of our 
caloric to it, and experience the sensation of cold. 
Our own sensations are but imperfect indexes of 
temperature. Two men meeting at the middle 
of a mountain,-the one ascending, the other de- 
scending,- will experience different sensations. 
The one ascending, passes from a warmer to a HEAT 
colder atmosphere; - the one descending from a 
colder to a warmer. 
The chief instrument for measuring heat, used 
in medicine, is the thermometer. Of this there 
431 
HEAT 
are three kinds: - that of Fahrenheit, that of 
Reaumur, and that of Celsius or the Centigrade. 
The following Table exhibits the correspondence 
of these different thermometric scales. 
Fah. 
Reau. 
Centig. 
Fah. 
R6au. 
Centig. 
Fah. 
Reau. 
Centig. 
Fah. 
R6au. 
Centig. 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
0 
212a 
80.00 
100.00 
148 
51.55 
64.44 
85 
23.55 
29.44 
22 
- 4.44 
- 5.55 
211 
79.55 
99.44 
147 
51.11 
63.88 
84 
23.11 
28.88 
21 
- 4.88 
- 6.11 
2106 
79.11 
98.88 
146 
50.66 
63.33 
83 
22.66 
28.33 
20u 
- 5.33 
- 6.66 
209 
78.66 
98.33 
145 
50.22 
62.77 
82 
22.22 
27.77 
19 
- 5.77 
- 7.22 
208 
78.22 
97.77 
144 
49.77 
62.22 
810 
21.77 
27.22 
18 
- 6.22 
- 7.77 
207 
77.77 
97.22 
143 
49.33 
61.66 
80 
21.33 
26.66 
17 
- 6.66 
- 8.33 
206 
77.33 
96.66 
142<7 
48.88 
61.11 
79 
20.88 
26.11 
16 
- 7.11 
- 8.88 
205 
76.88 
96.11 
141 
48.44 
60.55 
78 
20.44 
25.55 
15 
- 7.55 
- 9.44 
204 
76.44 
95.55 
140 
48.00 
60.00 
77 
20.00 
25.00 
14 
- 8.00 
-10.00 
203 
76.00 
95.00 
139 
47.55 
59.44 
76p 
19.55 
24.44 
13 
- 8.44 
-10.55 
202 
75.55 
94.44 
138 
47.11 
58.88 
75 
19.11 
23.88 
12 
- 8.88 
-11.11 
201 
75.11 
93.88 
137 
46.66 
58.33 
74 
18.66 
23.33 
11 
- 9.33 
-11.66 
200 
74.66 
93.33 
136 
46.22 
57.77 
73 
18.22 
22.77 
10 
- 9.77 
-12.22 
199 
74.22 
92.77 
135 
45.77 
57.22 
72 
17.77 
22.22 
9 
-10.22 
-12.77 
198 
73.77 
92.22 
134 
45.33 
56.66 
71 
17.33 
21.66 
8 
-10.66 
-13.33 
197 
73.33 
91.66 
1336 
44.84 
56.11 
70 
16.88 
21.11 
1v 
-11.11 
-13.88 
196c 
72.88 
91.11 
132 
44.45 
55.55 
69 
16.44 
20.55 
6 
-11.55 
-14.44 
195 
72.44 
90.55 
131 
44.00 
55.00 
68 
16.00 
20.00 
5 
-12.00 
-15.00 
194 
72.00 
90.00 
130 
43.55 
54.44 
67 
15.55 
19.44 
4 
-12.44 
-15.55 
193 
71.55 
89.44 
129 
43.11 
53.88 
66 
15.11 
18.88 
3 
-12.88 
-16.11 
192 
71.11 
88.88 
128 
42.66 
53.33 
65 
14.66 
18.33 
2 
-13.33 
-16.66 
191 
70.66 
88.33 
127 
42.22 
52.77 
64 
14.22 
17.77 
1 
-13.77 
-17.22 
190 
70.22 
87.77 
126 
41.77 
52.22 
63 
13.77 
17.22 
0 
-14.22 
-17.77' 
189 
69.77 
87.22 
125 
41.33 
51.66 
62 
13.33 
16.66 
- 1 
-14.66 
-18.33 
188 
69.33 
86.66 
124 
40.88 
51.11 
61 
12.88 
16.11 
- 2w 
-15.11 
-18.88 
187 
68.88 
86.11 
123 
40.44 
50.55 
60 
12.44 
15.55 
- 3 
-15.55 
-19.44 
186 
68.44 
85.55 
122 
40.00 
50.00 
59 
12.00 
15.00 
- 4 
-16.00 
-20.00 
185 
68.00 
85.00 
121 
39.55 
49.44 
58 
11.55 
14.44 
- 5 
-16.44 
-20.55 
184 
67.55 
84.44 
120 
39.11 
48.88 
57 
11.11 
13.88 
- 6 
-16.88 
-21.11 
183 
67.11 
83.88 
119 
38.66 
48.33 
56 
10.66 
13.33 
- 7a: 
-17.33 
-21.66 
182 
66.66 
83.33 
118 
38.22 
47.77 
55 
10.22 
12.77 
- 8 
-17.77 
-22.22 
181 
66.22 
82.77 
117 
37.77 
47.22 
54 
9.77 
12.22 
- 9 
-18.22 
-22.77 
180 
65.77 
82.22 
116 
37.33 
46.66 
53 
9.33 
11.66 
-10 
-18.66 
-23.33 
179 
65.33 
81.66 
115 
36.88 
46.11 
52 
8.88 
11.11 
-Uy 
-19.11 
-23.88 
17 Sd 
64.88 
81.11 
114 
36.44 
45.55 
51 
8.44 
10.55 
-12 
-19.55 
-24.44 
177 
64.44 
80.55 
113 
36.00 
45.00 
50<7 
8.00 
10.00 
-13 
-20.00 
-25.00 
176 
64.00 
80.00 
112 
35.55 
44.44 
49 
7.55 
9.44 
-14 
-20.44 
-25.55 
175 
63.55 
79.44 
111 
35.11 
43.88 
48 
7.11 
8.88 
-15 
-20.88 
-26.11 
174e 
63.11 
78.88 
HOt 
34.66 
43.33 
47 
6.66 
8.33 
-16 
-21.33 
-26.66 
173 
62.66 
78.33 
109 
34.22 
42.77 
46 
6.22 
7.77 
-17 
-21.77 
-27.22 
172 
62.22 
77.77 
108 
33.77 
42.22 
45 
5.77 
7.22 
-18 
-22.22 
-27.77 
171 
61.77 
77.22 
107 
33.33 
41.60 
44 
5.33 
6.66 
-19 
-22.66 
-28.33 
170 
61.33 
76.66 
106; 
32.88 
41.11 
43 
4.88 
6.11 
-20 
-23.11 
-28.88 
169 
60.88 
76.11 
105 
32.44 
40.55 
42 
4.44 
5.55 
-21 
-23.55 
-29.44 
168 
60.44 
75.55 
104* 
32.00 
40.00 
41 
4.00 
5.00 
-22 
-24.00 
-30.00 
167/ 
60.00 
75.00 
103 
31.55 
39.44 
40 
3.55 
4.44 
-23 
-24.44 
-30.55 
166 
59.55 
74.44 
1027 
31.11 
38.88 
39 
3.11 
3.88 
-24 
-24.88 
-31.11 
165 
59.11 
73.88 
101 
30.66 
38.33 
38 
2.66 
3.33 
-25 
-25.33 
-31.69 
164 
58.66 
73.33 
100m 
30.22 
37.77 
37 
2.22 
2.77 
-26 
-25.77 
-32.22 
163 
58.22 
72.77 
99 
29.77 
37.22 
36 
1.77 
2.22 
-27 
-26.22 
-32.77 
162 
57.77 
72.22 
98 n 
29.33 
36.66 
35 
1.33 
1.66 
-28 
-26.66 
-33.33 
161 
57.33 
71.66 
97 
28.88 
36.11 
34 
0.88 
1.11 
-29 
-27.11 
-33.88 
160 
56.88 
71.11 
96 
28.44 
35.55 
33 
0.44 
0.55 
-30 
-27.55 
-34.44 
159 
56.44 
70.55 
95 
28.00 
35.00 
32r 
0.00 
0.00 
-31 
-28.84 
-35.00 
158 
56.00 
70.00 
94 
27.55 
34.44 
31 
-0.44 
-0.55 
-32 
-28.00 
-35.55 
157 
55.55 
69.44 
93 
27.11 
33.88 
30s 
-0.88 
-1.61 
33 
-28.88 
-36.18 
156 
55.11 
68.88 
92 
26.66 
33.33 
29 
-1.33 
-1.66 
34 
-29.33 
-36.66 
155 
54.66 
68.33 
91 
26.22 
32.77 
284 
-1.77 
-2.22 
-35 
-29.77 
-37.22 
154 
54.22 
67.77 
90 
25.77 
32.22 
27 
-2.22 
-2.77 
-36 
-30.22 
-37.77 
153 
53.77 
67.22 
89 
25.33 
31.66 
26 
-2.66 
-3.33 
-37 
-30.66 
-38.23 
152 
53.33 
66.66 
88 
24.88 
31.11 
25 
-3.11 
-3.88 
-38 
-31.11 
-38.88 
151 
52.88 
66.11 
87 
24.44 
30.55 
24 
-3.55 
-4.44 
-39s 
-31.55 
-39.44 
150 
52.44 
65.55 
86 
24.00 
30.00 
23 
-4.00 
-5.00 
40 
-32.00 
-40.00 
149 
52.00 
65.00 
a Water boils (Barom. 30 inches.) 
b Heat of a stove, borne by Dr. So- 
lander. 
c Heat of a stove, borne for 10 mi- 
nutes by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. 
tolander. 
d Water simmers. 
e Alcohol boils. 
f Very pure ether distils. 
g Bees' wax melts. 
A Spermaceti melts. 
i Temperature at which liquids 
are often drunk. 
j Heat observed in Scarlatina. 
k Temperature of the com mon hen. 
I Temperature of arterial blood. [?] 
m Temperature of venous blood. 
Phosphorus melts. 
n Ether boils, o Nitric ether boils. 
p Muriatic ether boils. 
q Medium temperature of the 
globe. r Ice melts. 
s Milk freezes. 
t Vinegar freezes. 
u Strong wine freezes. 
v A mixture of one part of alcohol 
and three of water freezes. 
w Cold at the battle of Eylau,1807. 
x A mixture of equal parts of al- 
cohol and water freezes. 
y A mixture of two parts of alco- 
hol and one of water freezes. 
z Melting point of quicksilver. 
To reduce Centigrade degreet to those of Fah- 
renheit, multiply by 9, divide by 5, and add 32: 
thus, 40° Cent. X 9 5 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To 
reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade, 
subtract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9: thus, 
104° Fahr. -32 X 5 -j- 9 = 40° Cent. To re- 
dace Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit, 
multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32 : thus, 32° 
Reaum. X 9 -j- 4 + 32 = 104° Fahr. To reduce 
Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur, subtract HEATH 
32, multiply by 4, and divide by 9: thus, 104° 
Fahr. - 32 X 4 ~ 9 = 32 Reaum. To reduce 
Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade, multi- 
ply by 5, and divide by 4: thus 32° Reaum. 
X 5 4- 4 = 40° Cent. ; and, lastly, to reduce Cen- 
tigrade degrees to those of Reaumur, multiply by 
4, and divide by 5 : thus, 40° Cent. X 4-?- 5 = 32° 
Reaum. 
The human body can bear a high degree of 
heat diffused in the atmosphere. There are cases 
on record, where air of 400° and upwards, of 
Fahrenheit's scale, has been breathed with im- 
punity for a short time. It can likewise with- 
stand very severe cold. In the expedition of 
Capt. Back to the Arctic regions, the thermome- 
ter was as low as -70° of Fahr. Excessive heat 
disposes the body to gastric and intestinal dis- 
eases, and particularly to inflammation and en- 
largement of the liver; hence, the frequency of 
such affections within the torrid zone. Heat, is 
often used therapeutically : the actual cautery, at 
a white heat, disorganizes the parts to which it 
is applied: a lesser degree occasions violent in- 
flammation. Heat higher than that of the human 
body is excitant; of a lower degree, sedative. 
Excessive cold acts as a powerful sedative - in- 
ducing sleep, the tendency to which, after long 
exposure, becomes irresistible. See Cold. Many 
of the topical applications - as cataplasms - act 
wholly by virtue of their warmth and moisture. 
Heat, Ardor vene'reus, Pruri'tus, (F.) Cha- 
leur des Animaux, Rut, is the periodical sex- 
ual desire experienced by animals, - (Estrua1- 
tion. It is supposed by some to be owing to the 
periodical maturation and discharge of ova, - 
Ovula'tion. 
Heat, Acrid, see Acrid - h. Animal, see Ani- 
mal Heat. 
Heat, Internal, (F.) Chaleur interne, is a 
sensation of heat felt by the patient, but not sen- 
sible to the touch. External heat, (F.) Chaleur 
exterieure, that which can be felt by others. 
Heat, Ardor, is called moist, (F.) haliteuse, when 
accompanied with moisture, like that felt after 
bathing; dry, (F.) siiche, when the skin has not 
its ordinary softness. It is called acrid and pun- 
gent, (F.) Acre et mordicante, when it conveys a 
disagreeable tingling to the fingers. The French 
employ the terms nervous heat and errat'ic heat, 
Chaleur nerveuse and Chaleur erratique, for that 
which comes by flushes, alternating with chills, 
and which moves rapidly from one part to ano- 
ther. M. Double has used the term septic heat, 
(F.) Chaleur septique, for that which produces a 
pungent sensation on the hand, similar to that 
of the acrid heat, but milder and more uniform, 
and which is accompanied with feebleness and 
frequency of pulse, <fcc. 
Heat, Prickly, Lichen tropicus. 
HEATH, COMMON, Erica vulgaris. 
HEAUTOPHONICS, see Autophonia. 
HEAVINESS, Somnolency. 
HEAVING, Vomiturition. 
HEAVY, Gravis, (F.) Gravatif, from Sax. 
heapan, ' to heave.' An epithet given to any 
pain which consists in a sensation of weight or 
heaviness, or is accompanied by such sensation. 
HEBDOMADAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
HEBDOMADARIA, Octana. 
HEBE, Juven'ta, Juven'tas, Juven'tus, 
Hora In antiquity, the goddess of puberty. 
The word has been employed to designate, 1. 
The first hair that grows on the pubes, 2. The 
pubic region, and 3. Puberty. 
HEBETES, Adolescens. 
HEBETOR, Adolescens. 
HEBETUDO ANIMI, Imbecility - h. Den- 
tium, Hsemodia-h. Visus, Amblyopia, Caligo. 
432 
HEDERA 
HEBRADENDRON CAMBOGIOIDES, see 
Cambogia. 
HEBREWS, MED'ICINE OF THE. Medi- 
cine seems to have been at a very low ebb with 
the ancient Hebrews. Of anatomy they knew 
nothing. Their physiology was imperfect and 
filled with superstitions ; and their therapeutics 
unsatisfactory. Hygiene appears to have been 
most attended to. Of the other departments of 
medicine we cannot judge of their knowledge. 
IIECATOMA PALUSTRIS, Ranunculus sce- 
leratus. 
HECATOMPHYLLUM, Rosa centifolia. 
HEC'TEUS, 'sktsvs. A Greek measure, con- 
taining about 72 chopines or pints. 
HECTIC FEVER, Febris hec'tica, Hecticop'- 
yra, Hecticopyr'etos, Hec'tica, Amphimer'ina hec'- 
tica, Febris phthis'ica, Syntecop'yra, Syntecticop'- 
yra, Febris marasmo'des, Marasmop'yra, Febris 
tab'ida, Leucopyr'ia, Epan'etus hec'tica, Febris 
lenta, F. amphimer'ina hec'tica, Febris amato'ria, 
Chloro'sis amato'ria, (F.) Fievre Hectique, F. 
Etique, from 'rfij, ' habit of bodybecause in 
this disease every part of the body is emaciated; 
or, perhaps, from iktiiku>, ' I consume,' ' I am ex- 
hausted.' The name of a slow, continued, or re- 
mittent fever, which generally accompanies the 
end of organic affections, and has been esteemed 
idiopathic, although it is probably always symp- 
tomatic. It is the fever of irritation and debi- 
lity ; and is characterized by progressive ema- 
ciation, frequent pulse, hot skin, - especially of 
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, - 
and, towards the end, colliquative sweats and 
diarrhoea. Being symptomatic, it can only be 
removed by getting rid of the original affection. 
This is generally difficult and almost hopeless in 
the disease, which it most commonly accompa- 
nies,-consumption. 
HECTICA, Hectic Fever-h. Infantilis, Fever, 
infantile remittent. 
HECTICOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
HECTICOPYRETOS, Hectic fever. 
HEC'TISIS, (F.) Etisie. Same etymon. The 
state of those who have hectic fever. 
HEC'TOGRAMME, Hectogram'ma, from '«a- 
rov, 'a hundred,' and •ypagna. A measure of 100 
grammes, i. e. 3 ounces, 1 drachm, and 44 grains, 
Troy. 
HECTOLITRE. A measure containing 100 
litres or 26.42 wine pints. 
HECUSIUS, Voluntary. 
HEDEO'MA, Hedeo'ma pulegio'i'des, Cuni'la 
pulegioi'des, Melis'sa pulegio'ides, Pennyroyal, 
Tickweed, Stinking Balm, Squawmint. Sex. Sy st. 
Diandria Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Labiatae. An 
indigenous plant, common in all parts of the 
United States, and which, where it is abundant, 
perfumes the air for a considerable distance. It 
is employed in the same cases as the mints and 
the English pennyroyal. In popular practice it 
is used as an emmenagogue. 
The O'leum Hedeo'ma (Ph. U. S.) or Oil of 
Pennyroyal is used as a stimulating carminative, 
dropped on sugar. Dose, 2 to 6 drops. 
HEDERA ARBOREA, H. Helix. 
Hed'eha Helix, Hed'era arbo'rea, Bac'chica, 
Cissos, Kiaaos, Cittos, kittos, Ed'era, Corymbftra, 
Corym'bos, Ivy, (F.) Lierre. The taste of ivy 
leaves is bitter, styptic, and nauseous. They are 
not used in medicine. According to Haller, they 
were recommended in Germany against the atro- 
phy of children ; and the common people of Eng- 
land sometimes apply them to running sores and 
to keep issues open. The berries were supposed, 
by the ancients, to have an emetic and purgative 
quality; and a watery extract was made from HEDERULA 
them, called by Quercetanus Extractum purgans. 
From the stalk of the tree a resinous juice ex- 
udes, in warm climates, called Gummi Hed'era, 
(F.) Gomme de lierre, Resine de lierre. It is 
possessed of tonic and astringent properties, but 
is not used. 
Hedera Terrestris, Glechoma hederacea. 
HEDERULA, Glechoma hederacea. 
HEDISARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
HEDRA, 't<5pa, 'efyn, 'a vestige,' 'a seat.' A 
seat. A fracture of the bones of the cranium, in 
which the trace of the fracturing instrument is 
still perceptible. It was, also, used by the an- 
cients, for the anus, the breech, excrement, a 
privy, a night-chair, and for the bottom of an 
abscess. 
HEDROCELE, Proctocele. 
HEDYCH'ROUM,from Mvf, 'sweet,' and xpoa, 
' colour.' A remedy of a pleasant colour. Applied 
to certain trochs, the chief constituent of which 
was Theriac. 
HEDYPHO'NIA, from 'nlvs, 'sweet,' and 
'voice.' Sweetness of voice. 
HEDYPNEUS'TUS, Hedyp'nous, from Way, 
' sweet,' and ?r' I breathe.' Breathing sweet- 
ly or softly. Smelling sweetly. 
HEDYPNOIS TARAXACUM, Leontodon ta- 
raxacum. 
HEDYSARUM ALHAGI, Agul. 
HEDYSMA, Condiment. 
HEEL, see Calcaneum. 
HELCENTERITIS, Dothinenteritis. 
HELCO'DES, Ulcerated, Ulcerous. 
HELCOL'OGY, Helcolog"ia ; from 'rX<cof, 'ul- 
cer,' and Xoyoj, ' discourse.' The doctrine of, or 
a treatise on, ulcers. 
HELCOMA, Ulcer. 
HELCOPHTHAL'MIA, Ophthal'mia ulcero'sa. 
Ophthalmia with ulceration. 
IIEL'COS, from 'iXkos, 'an ulcer.' Hence: 
HELCOSIS, Elcosis, Ulceration - h. Cerebri, 
Encephalopyosis-h. Laryngis, Phthisis laryngea 
-h. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmonalis - h. Rena- 
lis, Nephrelcosis - h. Uteri, see Metrophthisis - 
h. Vesicae, Cystophthisis. 
HELCOSTAPHYLO'MA; from 'rXroj, 'ulcer,' 
and ' staphyloma.' Staphyloma end- 
ing in ulceration. 
HELCOXERO'SIS, from 'tXiro;, 'ulcer,' and 
f»7p<«><n$, ' dryness.' The drying of an ulcer. 
HELCTICA, Epispastics. 
HELCUS, Ulcer. 
HELCYD'RION, Helcyd'rium, 'tXtcvipiov, Ul- 
cus'culum, a small ulcer, a superficial ulceration 
of the cornea.-Galen, Paulus, Foesius. 
HELCYS'TER, from 'cXmlo, ' I draw.' An 
iron hook or crotchet for extracting the foetus. 
See Crotchet. 
HELENIUM, Inula helenium. 
Helen'ium Autumna'le, False Sunflower, 
Sneezewort, Sneezeweed, Swamp Sunflower, Yel- 
low star, Ox-eye. An indigenous herb, with 
large golden-yellow compound flowers, which 
appear in August. All its parts are bitter and 
somewhat acrid, and when snuffed up the nos- 
trils in powder are powerful, sternutatories. 
HELIAN'THEMUM CANADEN'SE, Cistus 
Canaden'sis, Frostwort, Frostweed, Rock-rose. 
An herbaceous plant, having large yellow flow- 
ers, which grows in all parts of the United States, 
and flowers, in the Middle States, in June. It 
has an astringent, slightly aromatic, and bitterish 
taste. It has been prescribed in scrofula, but 
probably is nothing more than an aromatic tonic. 
Helian'themum Corymbo'sum, Rock rose, an 
indigenous plant, is used in the same cases. 
433 
HELLEBORISMUS 
IIELIASIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
HELICH'RYSUM NUDIFO'LIUM, Coffer- 
tea. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Compo- 
sitae, which is demulcent, and, in the form of in- 
fusion, is recommended in catarrh, phthisis, and 
other pulmonary affections. 
Helichrysum Serpyllifo'lium, Hottentot's 
tea, and Helichrysum Aubicula'tum have simi- 
lar virtues. 
HELICIA, Age. 
HEL'ICINE, Helic"inus, HelicoVdes, Helico'- 
des, from helix, ' the tendril of the vine.' Re- 
sembling the tendril of the vine. 
Helicine Arteries of the penis, as described 
by J. Miiller, are short vessels given off from the 
larger branches, as well as from the finest twigs 
of the artery of the organ : most of those come 
off at a right angle, and project into the eavity 
of the spongy substance, either terminating ab- 
ruptly or swelling out into a club-like process 
without again subdividing. Almost all these 
vessels are bent like a horn, so that the end de- 
scribes half a circle or somewhat more. They 
have a great resemblance to the tendrils of the 
vine, whence their name. A minute examina- 
tion of them, either with the lens or the micro- 
scope, shows that, although they at all times 
project into the venous Cavities of the corpora 
cavernosa, they are not entirely naked, but are 
covered with a delicate membrane, which, under 
the microscope, appears granular. 
HEL'ICIS MAJOR. A muscle of the ear, 
which originates from the anterior, acute part of 
the helix, upon which it ascends and is inserted 
into the helix. It pulls the part into which it is 
inserted a little downwards and forwards. 
Helicis Minor. This muscle originates from 
the under and fore part of the helix, and is in- 
serted into the helix, near the fissure in the carti- 
lage, opposite the concha. Its use is to contract 
the fissure. 
HELICOIDES, Helicine. 
HELICOTRE'MA, from '£A<(, 'helix, cochlea,' 
and rpri/ia, ' a foramen.' The hole by which the 
two seal® of the cochlea communicate at the apex. 
HELIGMUS, Convolution. 
HELIKIA, Age. 
HELIONOSIS, Insolation. 
HELIOSIS, Astrabolismus, Insolation. 
HELIOTROPE, Heliotropium Europaeum. 
HELIOTROPION, Cichorium intybus. 
HELIOTRO'PIUM EUROPIUM, H. erec- 
tum seu canes'cens seu supi'num, Verruca'ria, 
The He'liotrope, (F.) Toumesol, Her be aux ver- 
rues. This plant is considered to possess aperient 
properties ; and to be capable of destroying cuta- 
neous excrescences; hence one of its names. 
HELIX, Capre'olue, from ei\eiv, 'to envelop,' 
'surround.' The fold is thus called, which forms 
the outer circumference or ring of the external ear. 
Helix, Limax. 
Helix Poma'tia. A large kind of snail, trans- 
ported from the south of Europe to England by 
Sir Kenelm Digby, for his lady when in a de- 
cline. It was considered highly restorative. 
HELLEBORASTER, Helleborus foetidus - h. 
foetidus, Helleborus foetidus. 
HELLEBORE, Dracontium foetidum-h. Ame 
rican, Veratrum viride-h. Black, Helleborus niger 
-A. Blanc, Veratrum album-A. Noir, Helleborus 
niger-h. Stinking,Helleborus foetidus-h.Swamp, 
Veratrum viride-h. White, Veratrum album. 
HELLEBORIS'MUS, Elleboris'mus. The me 
thod of treating disease, amongst the ancients, by 
hellebore. This comprised not only the choice, 
preparation, and administration of the medicine, 
but, likewise, the knowledge and employment of HELLEBORUS 
preliminary precautions and remedies proper for 
aiding its action, and preventing the pernicious 
effects which it might occasion. 
HELLEBORUS, H. niger-h. Albus, Veratrum 
album - h. Grandiflorus, H. niger - h. Trifolius, 
Coptis. 
Helleb'orhs Fie'ttdvs, Hellebora8'ter,H.fai'- 
tidus, Elleboraster, Stinking Hel'lebore or Bear's 
foot, Setterwort, (F.) Hellebore ou Ellebore fetide, 
Pied de Griffon. The leaves of this plant are 
said to be anthelmintic. The smell of the fresh 
plant is extremely fetid, and the taste bitter and 
acrid. It usually acts as a cathartic. 
Hellebores Niger, H. grandiflo'rus, Elleb'- 
orus niger, Melampo'dium, Melanorrhi' zum, Ec'- 
tomon, Black Hel'lebore, Melampode, Christmas 
Bose, (F.) Hellebore noir. The root of this Eu- 
ropean plant-Helleborus, (Ph. U. S.)-has a dis- 
agreeable odour, and bitter, acrid taste. It is 
possessed of cathartic properties, and has been 
recommended as an emmenagogue. It has been 
given in mania, melancholia, dropsy, suppressed 
menses, &c. Dose, gr. x to as a cathartic. 
HELLECEBRA, Sedum. 
HELLENIA GRANDIFLORA, Costus. 
HELMET-FLOWER, YELLOW, Aconitum 
Anthora. 
HELMET POD, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
HELMINS, Plur. Helmin'thes seu Elmin'thes, 
from ' a worm.' A worm; an entozoon : 
-hence: 
HELMINTHAGOGUE, Anthelmintic. 
HELMINTHI, Worms. 
IIE L MIN T HI A, Helminthiasis - h. Alvi, 
Worms. 
Helmin'thia Errat'ica. Worms, introduced 
by accident and without finding a proper habita- 
tion in the stomach or intestines ; producing 
spasmodic colic, with severe tormina, and oc- 
casionally vomiting or dejections of blood; the 
12th genus of the order Enterica, class Coeliaca, 
of Good. 
Helminthia Podicis, Worms. 
HELMINTHI'ASIS, from 'tX/tivr, 'a worm.' 
A generic name for the condition which gives 
occasion to the presence of intestinal worms. It 
is, also, called Helmin'thia, Vermina'tio, Morbus 
verm ino'sus, Status vermino' sus, Sabur'ra vermi- 
no'sa, Sealed'asis, Scolece'sis, Entozobgen'esis, 
Parasitis'mus intestina'Us, Worm disease, Inver- 
mi na'tion. See Worms. 
HELMINTHIC, Anthelmintic. 
HELMINTHOCHORTUM, Corallina Corsi- 
cana. 
HELMINTHOCOLICA, Colica verminosa. 
HELMINTHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
HELMINTHOL'OGY, Helmintholog"ia, from 
'Ikgivs, 'a worm,' and Xoyoj, 'a description.' A 
treatise on worms. 
HELMINTHONCUS, Malis - h. Medinensis, 
Dracunculus. 
HELMINTHOP'YRA, Helminthopyr'etos, Fe- 
bris vermino' sa, from 'rX/mj, ' a worm,' and jrvp, 
'a fever.' Fever occasioned by worms. See 
Fever, verminous. 
HELMINTHOPYRETOS, Helminthopyra. 
HELMINTHUS GORDII, Seta equina. 
HELODES, Elodes. 
HELONIAS DIOICA, Chamaelerium luteum- 
h. Lutea, Chamaelerium luteum-h. Officinalis, see 
VHELOPYRA, Elodes (febris.) 
HELOPYRETUS, Elodes (febris.) 
HELOS, Clavus, Marsh. 
HELO'SIS, Helo'tis: from 'tXw, 'I turn.' 
Eversion of the eyelids, and convulsions of the 
muscles of the eyes. Plica Polonica. Strabismus. 
HELOTIS, Helosis, Plica- 
434 
HEMICRANIA 
HELUS, Clavus, Helos. 
HELXINE, Parietaria. 
HEMACHROIN, JIaematin. 
HEM AD YNAMETRE, Hsemadynaroomcter. 
HEMAPERITONIRRHAGIE, Hcemaperito- 
nirrhag" ia ; from 'aiga, 'blood,' peritoneum, and 
p'l'yvvpi, 'I break forth.' Hemorrhage into the 
peritoneum. 
HEMAPROOTIE, Hmmorrhois. 
HEMASTATIQUES, Hcematostatica. 
HE MAT ID ROSE, Sudor cruentus. 
HEMATIN, Hsematin. 
HEMATO-ENCEPHALIE, Apoplexy. 
HEMATOID, Haematodes. 
HE MATO LOG IE, Haematology. 
HEMATOLOGY, Haematology.' 
HEM ATOM YE LIE, Hemorrhagic de la Mo- 
elle Epiniere. 
HEMATONCIE, Haematoncus, see Haemato- 
des fungus-h. Fongoide, Haematodes fungus. 
HEM ATOP ISIE, Haematops. 
HEMATORRHACHIS, Apoplexiamyelitica. 
HEMATOSIN, Hsematin. 
HEMERA, 'rgitpa, ' a day.' Dies. Hence : 
HEMERALOPIA, see Nyctalopia. 
Hemeralo'pia, from 'rgjaipa, ' the day,' and 
osropat, ' I see.' Hemeralops, Dyso'pia tenebra'- 
rum, Cali'go tenebra'rum, Parop'sis Noctif'uga, 
Visits diur'nus, Nyctalo'pia, (of some,) Nyetoty- 
phlo'sis, Amblyo'pia crepuscula'ris, Cecitas cres- 
puscula'ris seu noctur'na, A'eies diur'na, Day- 
sight, Day-vision, Hen blindness, Night blindness, 
(F.) Vue diurne, Aveuglement de Nuit. A dis- 
ease, in which the eyes enjoy the faculty of see- 
ing, whilst the sun is above the horizon, but are 
incapable of seeing by the aid of artificial light. 
Its causes are not evident. The eye, when care- 
fully examined, presents no alteration, either in 
its membranes or humours. 
HEM'ERALOPS, Dorea. One labouring under 
hemeralopia. Also, Hemeralopia. 
HEMERATYPHLOSIS, Nyctalopia. 
HEMERODROMA, (febris) Ephemera. 
HEMEROPATHI'A; from 'nptpa, ' a day,' and 
iraOof, 'an affection.' A disease, which continues 
only a day; or, which is only observed during 
the day. 
HEMI, 'ripi, 'npiavs, 'half,' 'semi.' Hence; 
HEMIAMAUROSIS, Hemiopia. 
HEMIANDRUS, Eunuch. 
HEMIANOR, Eunuch. 
HEMIANTHROPIA, Mania. 
HEMIANTHROPUS, Eunuch, Maniac. 
HEMIAZYGA, (Vena) see Azygos vein. 
HEMICEPHALA5A, Hemicrania. 
HEMICEPHAL2EUM, Sinciput. 
HEMICEPIIALIUM, Sinciput. 
HEMICEPHALUM, Sinciput. 
HEMICEPH'ALUS, Semieeph'alns, from 'r/pt, 
'half, and KctpaXn, 'head.' One who has half a 
head. 
HEMICRA'NIA, Hemicephale'a, Migra'na, 
Grana, Hemtpa'gia, Hemipe'gia, Heterocra'nia, 
Monopa'gia, Monope'gia, Cephale' a Hemicra'nia, 
Hemipathi'a, Megrim, from 'rgiiavi, 'half,' and 
spaviov, ' cranium.' (F.) Migraine. Pain, con- 
fined to one half the head. It is almost alwavs 
of an intermittent character;-at times, continu- 
ing only as long as the sun is above the horizon ; 
and hence sometimes called Sun-pain, - and is 
cured by cinchona, arsenic, and the remedies 
adapted for intermittents. 
Hemicraxta Idiopathica, Neuralgia, facial. 
HEMIDES'MUS IN'DICUS, Penpfc'ca In'- HEMIDESMUS 
dica, Ancle'plan Pseudosar' sa, Sarsaparilla In'- 
diea, Nannarl, Indian Sarsaparilla. A Hindoos- 
tanee plant, the root of which has a peculiar 
aromatic odour, and a bitterish taste. It is used 
in India as a substitute for sarsaparilla. 
HEMIDIAPHORE'SIS, Transpira'tio Uni- 
lat'era ; from 'half,' and 'perspi- 
ration.' Perspiration of one half the body. 
HEMIEC'TON, Hemiec'teon, Semise.v'turn. A 
vessel capable of containing 36 chopines or pints, 
and in which fumigations were made in diseases 
of the uterus and vagina.-Hippocrates. 
HEMIM'ELES, from 'ryiiavs, 'one half,' and 
pcXos, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which 
the upper or lower extremities are very defective 
- mere stumps,-and the fingers and toes are en- 
tirely wanting or very imperfect.-G. St. Hilaire. 
HEMIMCE'RION, from 'i/piovj, and poipa, 'a 
part.' ' One half.'-Foesius. Also, half a drachm. 
-Erotian. 
HEM'INA. A Greek measure, answering to 
the Cotyle, kotvXi), i. e. one half the sextarius, or 
about half a pint, English. 
IIEMIOBOL'ION, Hemiob'olon. Half the obo- 
lus. A weight of about five grains.-Gorraeus. 
HEMIO'LION. A weight of 12 drachms, or 
oz. 1|.-Galen. See Sescuncia. 
HEMIO'PIA, Hemiop'sis, Hemiopi'asis, Suf- 
fu'sio dimid'ians, Visas dimidia'tus, Marmor'yge 
Hippoc'ratis, Hemiamauro'sis, Amauro'sis dimi- 
dia'ta, from 'ripacvf, 'one half,' and oirroyai, 'I see.' 
Depraved vision, in which the person sees only 
one half of an object. 
HEMIOPIASIS, Hemiopia. 
IIEMIOPSIS, Hemiopia. 
HEMIPA'GES, Dicor'yphus dibypogas'trius, 
Oc'topus synapheoceph'alus, from 'rga, ' half,' and 
srnyvv/ii, 'I fasten.' A monstrosity, in which 
twins are united from the navel to the vertex.- 
I. G. Saint Hilaire. 
HEMIPAGIA, Hemicrania. 
HEMIPATHIA, Hemicrania. 
HEMIPEGIA, Hemicrania. 
HEMIPHO'NIA, from 'half,' and 
' voice.' Great weakness of voice. 
HEMIPLE'GIA, Hemiplex'ia, Paralysis He- 
miplegia, Semiple'gia, Semi-sidera'tio, from 'v/ti- 
evs, ' one half,' and or tiXi/ttw, ' I strike.' 
Paralysis of one side of the body. See Paralysis. 
One so palsied is said to be hernipleg" ic, semi- 
sidera'tus. 
Hemiplegia Facialis, Paralysis, Bell's. 
HEMIPLEXIA, Hemiplegia. 
HEMIPROSOPLEGIA, Paralysis, Bell's. 
CEREBRI, Hemispheres of 
the brain. 
HEMISPHERE, Hemisphce'ra, Hemisphce'ri- 
ttm, from 'one half,' and aipaipa, 'a sphere.' 
One half of a sphere or of a body having a sphe- 
roidal shape. 
Hemispheres of the Brain, Hemispha'rce 
cer'ebri, Hemispher'ical gan'glia, are the upper 
spheroidal portions of the brain, separated from 
each other by the falx cerebri. 
HEMISPHERICAL GANGLIA, Hemispheres 
of the brain. 
HEMITE, Hremitis. 
HEMITRITuE'A, (FEBRIS,) F. Semi-terti- 
a'na, Febris sesquial'tera, (F.) Semi-tierce, Fiivre 
demitierce. A semi-tertian fever, so called be- 
cause it seems to possess both the characters of 
the tertian and quotidian intermittent. - Galen, 
Spigelius. 
HEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
HEMIUN'CION, Hemiun' cia, Semun'cia, Se- 
miun'cia. Half an ounce. 
435 
> HEPAR 
HEMLOCK, Conium maculatum - h. Ameri- 
can, Cicuta maculata-h. Bastard, Chaerophyllum 
Sylvestre-h. Common, Conium maculatum-h. 
Dropwort, CE nan the- h. Gum, see Pinus Cana- 
densis - h. Pitch, see Pinus Canadensis - h. 
Spruce, Pinus Canadensis - h. Water, American 
Cicuta maculata-h. Water, fine-leaved, Phellan- 
drium aquaticum-h. Water, Cicuta aquatica-h. 
Wild, Cicuta maculata. 
HEMOCARDIOPLASTIES, see Polypus. 
HEMODIA, Haemodia. 
HEMO-ENCEPHAL ORRHA GIE, Apoplexy. 
HEMOHEPA TORRHA GIE, Hepatorrhagia. 
HEIIOMETRE, Hsemadynamometer. 
HEM OM YE LORR HAG IE, Apoplexy, spinal. 
HEMOPTYSIE, Haemoptysis - A. Foudroy- 
ante, see Haemoptysis. 
HEMORRHAGE, Hcemorrhagia-h. Acciden- 
tal, see Haemorrhagia-h. Active, see Haemorrha- 
gia-h. from the Bladder, Cystirrhagia-h. Con- 
stitutional, see Haemorrhagia - h. Critical, see 
Haemorrhagia-h. by Exhalation, see Haemorrha- 
gia-h. External, see Haemorrhagia-h. General, 
see Haemorrhagia - h. from the Intestines, Me- 
laena-h. Internal, see Haemorrhagia-h. Inter- 
stitial, Apoplexy-h. Local, see Haemorrhagia- 
h. of the Mucous Membranes, see Haemorrhagia 
-h. Passive, see Haemorrhagia-h. from the Pi- 
tuitary Membrane, Epistaxis-h. Pleural, Haema- 
tothorax-h. from the Skin, Sudor cruentus-h. 
Spinal, Apoplexy, spinal - h. Spontaneous, see 
Haemorrhagia - h. Supplementary, see Haemor- 
rhagia-h. Symptomatic, see Haemorrhagia-h. of 
the Tissues, see Haemorrhagia-h. Traumatic, see 
Haemorrhagia-h. Uterine, Metrorrhagia. 
HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY, Haematotho- 
rax. 
HEMORRHAGIE BUCCALE, Stomatorrha- 
gia-A. Cerlbrale, Apoplexy-A. du Foie, Hepa- 
torrhagia- A. Interstitielle, Apoplexy-A. Inter- 
stitielle du Poumon, Haemoptysis - A. des Intes- 
tins, Haematochezia - A. de la Matrice, Metror- 
rhagia- A. Mtningee, Apoplexy, meningeal-A. 
de la Moelle tpiniere, Apoplexia myelitica - A. 
Nasale, Epistaxis-A. de la Vessie, Cystirrhagia. 
HEMORRHAGIP'AROUS, (F.) Hemorrhagi- 
pare, from hamorrhagia, 'hemorrhage,' and pa- 
rire, 'to bring forth.' That which gives occasion 
to hemorrhage: thus, softening of the neurine 
may be hemorrhagiparous. 
HEMORRHINIE, Epistaxis. 
HEMORRHOID AIRE, (F.) One who is sub- 
ject to hemorrhoids. 
HEMORRHOIDES, Haemorrhois - A. Aveu- 
gles, Caecse haemorrhoides. See Haemorrhois. 
HEMORRHOSCOP1E, Haematoscopia. 
HE'MOSPASIE, Haemospasia. 
HEMOSPASIQUE, Haemospastie. 
HEMOSTASIE, Haemostasia. 
HE MO ST A TIQUES, Ila; mates tatica. 
HEMP, INDIAN, Apocynum cannabinum, 
Bangue-h. Wild, Ambrosia trifida. 
HEMPSEED, see Cannabis sativa. 
HENBANE, Hyoscyamus. 
HENBIT, Lamium amplexicaule. 
HEN-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
HENNE, Lawsonia inermis. 
HENRICEA PHARMACEARCHA, Gentiana 
chirayita. 
HENRICUS RUBENS, Colcothar. 
HEPAR, 'r/irap, 'genitive,' Sharoy, 'liver.' A 
name for substances resembling liver in appear- 
ance. The ancient name for the liver of sulphur, 
Hepar sul'phuris; which is sometimes a com- 
pound of sulphur and potassium; at others, of 
sulphur and potassa. See Potassse sulphuretum. HEPATALGIA 
Hepar Adulterinum, Spleen. 
Hepar Antimonia'tum is a compound of a 
Bulphuret of antimony and an alkali. See Oxy- 
dum stibii sulphuretum. 
Hepar Martia'lE. A compound of sulphuret 
of potass and an oxide of iron. 
Hepar Sanguinis, see Blood - h. Sinistrum, 
Spleen - h. Sulphuris salinum, Potassae sulphu- 
retum-h. Sulphuris volatile, Ammoniae sulphu- 
retum-h. Uterinum, Placenta. 
HEPATAL'GIA, Hepatodyn'ia, Neural'gia 
he'patia, Col'ica hepat'ica, from 'j/irap, 'liver,' 
and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain in the liver. Neuralgia 
of the liver, (F.) Nevralgie du Foie. 
Hepatalgia Calculosa, Colica hepatica-h. 
Petitiana, Turgescentia vesiculae felleae - h. 
Phlegmonoides, Hepatitis. 
HEPATAPOSTE'MA, from 'i/irap, 'the liver,' 
and aroarrina, 'an abscess.' Abscess of the liver. 
HEPATARIUS, Hepaticus. 
HEPATATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia seu Aridu'ra 
he'patia, from ' the liver,' and atrophia, 
' atrophy.' Atrophy of the liver :-a general con- 
comitant of Cirrho'aia 'he'patia. 
HEPATAUXE, Hypertroph'ia he'patia, (F.) 
Hyperhe'patotrophie, Hypertrophic du foie. Hy- 
pertrophy of the liver. 
HEPATECHE'MA, Son'itua hepat'icua, from 
'j/vap, 'liver,' and'sound.' Sound ren- 
dered by the liver on percussion. 
HEPATEMPHRAX'IS, from 'liver,' 
and tpii'paa-ffw, 'I obstruct.' Emphrax'ia hepatic, 
Hepatic obstruction.-Ploucquet. 
HEPATENCEPHALO'MA, Hcpatomyelo' ma, 
Fungus he'patia medulla'ria, from 'pirap, ' liver,' 
and £y<c£0aXoj, ' encephalon.' Encephaloid of the 
liver. 
HEPATE'RUS, Hepat'icua, Jecora'riua. A 
variety of diarrhoea, Fluxua hepaticus.-Gorraeus. 
IIEPATHA5M0RRHAG"IA, Hamorrhag"ia 
hepat'ica, Hepatorrhag"ia, Apoplex'ia hepat'ica, 
(F.) Hemorrhagic du foie, Hemohepatorrhagie, 
from 'r/rap, 'liver,' and 'aigoppayia, 'hemorrhage.' 
Hemorrhage from the liver. 
HEPAT'IC, Hepat'icua, Hepata'riua, Hepate'- 
rus, Hepato'ides, Hepato'dec, Jecora'riua, from 
'urao, ' the liver.' Belonging or relating to or 
resembling liver. 
Hepatic Ar'tery, Arte'ria Hepat'ica. One of 
the three branches given off by the coeliac. It 
passes towards the inferior surface of the liver; 
where it divides into two branches, a right and 
a left, which proceed towards the corresponding 
parts of that organ. The right branch gives off 
the cystic artery. Before dividing, the hepatic 
artery sends off two considerable branches, the 
A. pylorica and Gastro-epiploica dextra. 
Hepatic Duct, Ductua hepat'icua, (F.) Canal 
h&patique, is about three fingers' breadth in 
length, and of the size of a quill. It is formed 
by the union of the biliary ducts, and joins the 
cystic duct at a very acute angle, to form the 
ductus choledochus. Its function is to convey 
the bile from the liver towards the duodenum. 
Hepatic Plexus, Plexua hepat'icua, consists 
of nervous filaments, sent by the coeliac plexus 
to the liver, which accompany the hepatic artery. 
Hepatic Veins, Supra-hepatic Veins, Vena 
cava hepat'ica, (F.) Veinea aua-hipatiques, Intra- 
lob'ular veina, do not follow the course of the 
arteries of the same name. They arise in the 
substance of the liver; converge towards the 
posterior margin of that viscus, and open into 
the vena cava inferior. They convey away the 
blood carried to the liver by the hepatic artery 
and vena porta. 
436 
HEPATITIS 
IIEPAT'ICA. Medicines believed to be ca- 
pable of affecting the liver. 
Hepatica, II. triloba - h. Americana, H. tri- 
loba- h. Fontana, Marchnntia polymorpha-h. 
Nobilis, II. triloba-h. Stellata, Asperula odorata. 
Hepatica Trii/oba, H. Ameriea'na, Anemo'ne 
hepat'ica sen nob'ilis, Herba trinita'tis, Hepat'ica, 
Hepat'icus flos, Trifo'lium hepat'icum, Trifo'lium 
au'reum, Liverwort, Liverweed, Trefoil, Noble 
Liverwort, Herb Trin'ity, (F.) Hepatique des 
jardins. This plant-Hepat'ica (Ph. U. S.)-is 
a gentle astringent, but not possessed of much 
virtue. 
HEPATICULA, Hepatitis, chronic. 
HEPATICUS, Hepateros - h. Flos, Hepatica 
triloba. 
HEPATIFICATIO, Hepatization. 
HEPATIQUE ETOILEE, Asperula odorata 
-h. dee Fontaines, Marchantia polymorpha-h. 
des Jardins, Hepatica triloba. 
HEPATIRRHCE'A, Fluxus hepat'icus, Dysen- 
ter'ia hepat'ica, Diarrhoe'a hepat'ica, Hcpator- 
rhoe'a, Hepatocholorrhoe'a, Hepatodysenter'ia, He- 
patorrhag"ia, Hamate'ra, Aimate'ra, (F.) Flux 
hfpatique, from h/mip, 'the liver,' and ptw, 'I 
flow.' A species of diarrhoea in which the ex- 
creted matters seem to come from the liver, or 
are much mixed with bile. 
HEPATIS EMUNCTORIA, Inguen-h. Sus- 
pensorium, Ligament, suspensory, of the liver. 
HEPATISATIO, Hepatization - h. Pulmo- 
num. Hepatization of the Lungs. 
HEPATISATION, Hepatization-h. Grise, 
see Hepatization-h. Rouge, see Hepatization. 
HEPATITES VENA, Cava vena. 
HEPATI'TIS, Empres'ma hepati'tis, Cauma 
hepati'tis, Inflamma'tio he'patis, I. Jecino'ris, 
Febris hepat'ica inf amnia to'ria, Hepatal'gia 
phlegmonoi'des, Morbus jecino'ris, Hepatophleg'- 
mone, Inf animation of the liver, (F.) Hepatite, 
Inflammation du foie, Piice (Provincial). It 
may be seated either in the peritoneal covering, 
Sero-hepati'tis, or in the substance of the liver, 
or in both, Puro-hepati'tis, and may be acute or 
chronic. The peculiar symptoms are :-pain in 
the right hypochondrium, shooting to the back 
and right shoulder, and increased on pressure; 
difficulty of lying on the left side; sometimes 
jaundice with cough, and synoeha. Its termi- 
nation is generally by resolution : - in tropical 
climates it often runs on to suppuration, Jec'oris 
vom'ica, Hepati'tis apostemato'sa, the abscess 
breaking either externally, or forming a commu- 
nication with the intestines or chest, or breaking 
into the cavity of the abdomen. The causes are 
those of inflammation in general. Heat predis- 
poses to it ; hence its greater frequency in hot 
climates. On dissection of those who have died 
of it, the liver has been found hard and enlarged; 
colour of a deep purple ; or the membranes have 
been more or less vascular; or adhesions, or tu- 
bercles, or hydatids, or abscesses, or biliary cal- 
culi may be met with. The treatment must be 
bold. Bleeding, general and local, fomentations, 
blisters, purgatives, and the antiphlogistic regi- 
men. In hot climates especially, a new action 
must be excited by mercury as early as possible. 
Hepatitis Apostematosa, see Hepatitis. 
Hepatitis, Chronic, Hepati'tis chron'ica, In- 
flamma'tio he'patis lenta, Hepatitis occul'ta, He- 
patic'ula, Rubinfamma'tio he'patis, (F.) Chrono- 
hepatite, Chronic liver disease, is not as common 
as is believed. It may be suspected from the 
existence cf the symptoms above mentioned, 
when in a minor degree ; enlargement, constant 
dull pain in the region of the liver; sallow coun- 
tenance ; high - coloured urine; clay - coloured HEPATIZATION 
faeces, <tc. The great object of treatment is to 
excite a new action by mercury and counter- 
irritants, and to keep the liver free by cathartics. 
Hepatitis Cystica, Cholecystitis-h. Occulta, 
H. chronic. 
HEPATIZA'TION, Hepatisa'tio, Hepatifica'- 
tio, from fitrap, 'the liver.' Conversion into a 
liver-like substance. Applied to the lungs when 
gorged with effused matters, so that they are no 
longer pervious to the air;-Hepatisa'tio pulmo'- 
num, Carnifica'tio pulmo'num. In such state, 
they are said to be hepatized. 
Hepatization, Red, (F.) Hepatisation rouge, 
Endurcissement rouge, Ramollissement rouge, cha- 
racterizes the first stage of consolidation of the 
lungs in pneumonia. 
Hepatization, Gray, (F.) Hfpatisation grise, 
Induration grise, Ramollissement gris, Infiltration 
purulente, characterizes the third stage, or stage 
of purulent infiltration. 
HEPATIZON, Chloasma. 
HEPATOC'ACE, from fi-nap, 'liver,' and Kaxoj, 
' evil.' Gangrene of the liver. 
HEPATOCE'LE, from 'ijrap, 'the liver,' and 
KyXri> 'a tumour;' Her'nia hepat'ica; Hernia of 
the liver. The liver has never been found en- 
tirely out of the abdominal cavity. Increase of 
its bulk, or injuries of the parietes of the abdo- 
men, have been the sole cause of the protrusions 
which have been occasionally met with, espe- 
cially in infants, in whom the upper part of the 
linea alba is very weak, and indeed scarcely seems 
to exist. Sauvages has distinguished two species 
of hepatocele : - the ventral (in the linea alba), 
and the umbilical or hepatomphalum. 
HEPATOCHOLORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
HEPATOCO'LICUM. A ligament of the liver, 
described by Haller, as passing from the gall- 
bladder and contiguous sinus portarum, across 
the duodenum to the colon. Another, termed 
Hepato-renal, descends from the root of the liver 
to the kidney. They are both peritoneal. 
HEPATOCYS'TIC, Hepatocys'ticus, Cystide- 
pat'icus, from fiirap, 'the liver,' and kvotis, 'blad- 
der.' Relating to the liver and gall-bladder. 
Hepatocystic Duct, Ductus hepatocyst'icus. 
The choledoch duct. 
HEPATODYNIA, Hepatalgia. 
HEPATODYSENTERIA, Hepatirrhoea. 
HEPATOGASTRIC, Gastrohepatic. 
HEPATOGASTROCHOLOSIS, Fever, bilious, 
Fever, gastric. 
HEPATOG 'RAPIIY, Hepatogra'phia ; from 
'i/aap, 'the liver,' and yparpr/, 'a description.' 
The part of anatomy which describes the liver. 
HEPATOH-lE'MIA, Hypera'mia he'patis, He- 
patic Engorgement, (F.) Hypertmie du Foie, from 
finap, 'the liver,' and 'aiya, 'blood.' Sanguineous 
congestion of the liver. 
HEPATODES, Hepatic. 
HEPATOIDES, Hepatic. 
HEPATOLITHI'ASIS, from 'wap, 'the liver,' 
and Xi9taci{, ' formation of stone.' The formation 
of concretions, Hepatol'ithi, in the liver. 
HEPATOL'OGY, Hepatolog"ia, from 'wap, 
'the liver,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' 'treatise.' A 
treatise on the liver. 
HEPATOMALA'CIA, Malaco'sis he'patis, (F.) 
Ramollissement du Foie. Softening of the liver. 
HEPATOMYELOMA, Hepateucephaloma. 
HEPATON'CUS, from '(/Trap, ' the liver,' and 
oyrof, ' a tumour.' Tumefaction of the liver. 
HEPATOPAREC'TAMA, from 'wap, 'the 
liver,' and irapcsrapa, ' considerable extension.' 
Excessive enlargement of the liver. 
HEPATOPATHI'A, from 'wap. 'liver,' and 
rradof, ' suffering.' Liver-Disease. Disease of the 
liver. 
437 
HERBA 
1- 
HEP ATOP ATHIE CANCEREUSE, Hepa- 
toscirrhus-h. Tuberculeuse, Hepatostrumosie. 
HEPATOPHLEGMONE, Hepatitis. 
IIEPATOPHTHI'SIS, Phthisis hepat'ica, from 
't/irup, 'the liver/and 'I consume.' Con- 
sumption from suppuration of the liver. 
HEPATORRHAGIA, Hepatirrhoea, Hepathse- 
morrhagia. 
HEPATORRHEX'IS, from '»;Trap, 'liver/ and 
' rupture.' Rupture of the liver. 
HEPATORRHCEA, Hepatirrhoea. 
HE PA TOSARCOMIE, Hepatoscirrhus. 
HEPATOSCIR 'RHUS, from 'nnap, 'liver/ 
and o-Kippoj, 'cancerous induration.' Scirrhus 
he'patis, Encephala'sis of the liver, Carcinoma of 
the liver, (F.) Hipatosarcomie, Hepatopathie can- 
cireuse, Cancer du Foie. Scirrhus or Cancer of 
the liver. 
HEPATOSTRUM0S1E, Tuber'cula he'patis, 
(F.) Tubercules du Foie, Hepatopathie tubercu- 
leuse; from 'rjirap, 'the liver/ and struma, 'a tu- 
mour/ 'a scrophulous tumour.' Tubercle of the 
liver. 
HEPATOT'OMY, from Sirap, 'the liver/ and 
rep™, ' I cut.' Dissection of the liver. 
HEPIALOS, Epialos. 
HEPS, see Rosa canina. 
HEPSEMA, Decoction. 
HEPSESIS, Decoction. 
HEPTAL CYCLE, see Cycle. 
HEPTAL'LON GRAVEOLENS, Hogwort, 
Bear's fright. An indigenous plant, which has 
a fetid porcine smell; and is said to be used by 
the Indians as a diaphoretic, cathartic, <tc. 
HEPTAPHAR'MzVCUM, from 'tirra, 'seven/ 
and <papfiaKov, 'aremedy.' A medicine composed 
of seven substances; cerusse, litharge, pitch, wax, 
colophony, frankincense, and bullock's fat. It was 
regarded as laxative, suppurating and healing. 
HEPTAPHYLLUM, Tormentilia. 
HEPTAPLEURON, Plantago major. 
HERACLEUM, see H. lanatum - h. Branca, 
II. spondylium. 
Heracle'um Spondyl'ium, II. Bran'ca, Branca 
ursi'na, B. German'ica, Spondyl'ium, Sphondyl'- 
ium, Cow Parsnep, All-heal, (F.) Berce, Branc- 
ursine bdtarde, Fausse Acanthe. Family, Um- 
bellifer®. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
root of this plant has a strong, rank smell; and 
a pungent, almost caustic taste. It has been 
given as a tonic, stomachic and carminative; 
both in powder and in decoction. The Russians, 
Lithuanians, and Poles obtain from its seeds and 
leaves, by fermentation, a very intoxicating spi- 
rituous liquor, which they call Parst. 
The root of Heracle'um lana'tum, Masterwort, 
Cow parsnep,-Heracle'um (Ph. U. S.)-is in the 
secondary list of the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States. 
HERACLEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
HERB, Herba, Bot'ane. Any ligneous plant 
which loses its stalk during the winter. 
Herb Christopher, Actaea spicata. 
Herb-Doctor, Botan'ical Doctor, Botan'ical 
physic"ian. One who treats diseases altogether 
by herbs; as the-so called-" Thompsonians." 
Herb of Grace, Gratiola officinalis-h. Mas- 
tich, common, Thymus mastichina-h. Mastieh, 
Syrian, Teucrium marum-h. Robert, Geranium 
Robertianum - h. of Saint Cunegonde, Eupato- 
rium cannabinum-h. Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia 
-h. Trinity, Hepatica triloba. 
HERBA, Herb - h. Alexandrina, Smyrnium 
olusatrum-h. Althaeas, Pelargonium cucullatum 
■-h. Anthos, Rosmarinus - h. Benedicta, Geum 
urbanum-h. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum 
- h. Canni, Artemisia santonica - h. Cardiaca, 
Leonurus cardiaca - h. Cardui veneris, Dipsae.ua HERBJE 
fulloniun-h. Dorea, Solidago virgaurea-h. Fe- 
lis, Nepeta-h. Genipi, Achillea atrata-h. Ignis, 
Lichen pyxidatus - h. Melancholifuga, Fumaria 
-h. Militaris, Achillea millefolium - h. Papilla- 
ris, Lapsana - h. Paralyseos, Primula veris--h. 
Paralytica, Primula veris-h. Patae lapinse, Leo- 
nurus cardiaca - h. Pulicaris, Plantago psyllium 
- h. Quercini, Lichen plicatus - h. Sacra, Ver- 
bena officinalis - h. Salivaris, Anthemis pyre- 
thrum- h. Sideritidis, Galeopsis grandiflora-h. 
Tabaci, Nicotiana tabacum - h. Trinitatis, Ane- 
mone hepatica, Viola tricolor-h. Veneris, Adi- 
antum pedatum - h. Ventis, Anemone pulsatilla 
- h. Vitri, see Salsola kali-h. Zazarhendi, Ori- 
ganum. 
PRO ENEMATE, Glyster herbs - 
h. pro fotu, Fomentation herbs. 
HERBALIST, Herborist. 
HERBA'RIUM, from herba, a plant. A col- 
lection of plants. Generally applied to a collec- 
tion of dried plants - Hortus siccus. In Phar- 
macy, a plant that is used entire. 
HERBARIUS, Herborist. 
HERBE, Herb-A. au Cancer, Plumbago Eu- 
ropaea - h. aux Chantres, Erysimum - h. aux 
Charpentiers, Justitia pectoralis - h. aux Chats, 
Nepeta, Teucrium marum- h. au Coq, Tanace- 
tum balsamita - h. au Cuillers, Cochlearia offici- 
nalis- h. aux Ecrouelles, Scrophularia nodosa- 
h. aux Ecus, Lysimachia nummularia-h. d Eter- 
nuer, Achillea ptarmica-h. aux Gueux, Clematis 
vitalba-h. a la Houette, Asclepias Syriaca - h. 
d'Ivrogne, Lolium temulentum-h. aux Mamelles, 
Lapsana - h. aux Mouches, Conyza squarrosa - 
h. au Pauvre homme, Gratiola officinalis - h. aux 
Perles, Lithospermum officinale - h. d Pisser, 
Pyrola umbellata - h. d la Poudre de Chypre, 
Hibiscus abelmoschus-h. aux Poux, Delphinium 
staphisagria--h. aux Puces commune, Plantago 
psyllium - h. d Robert, Geranium Robertianum 
- h. de Sainte Barbe, Erysimum barbarea - h. 
Sainte Christophe, Actiea spicata - h. de Saint 
Etienne, Circaea lutetiana-h. de Saint Jean, Ar- 
temisia vulgaris-h. de Saint Roch, Inula dysen- 
terica-h. aux Sorciers, Circaea lutetiana-h. aux 
Verrues, Heliotropium Europaeum. 
HERBIV'OROUS, Herbiv'orus, from herba, 
' grass,' and voro, ' I eat.' An epithet applied to 
animals which feed on herbs. 
HER'BORIST, Herba'rius. One who deals in 
useful plants. An Herb'alist or Herb'arist. 
HERBORIZA'TION, Herba'rum inquisit"io. 
An excursion, made with the view of collecting 
plants. Such excursions are directed by the 
Apothecaries' Company of London, for the use 
of their apprentices, <tc. 
HERBS, FIVE CAP'ILLARY, Quinque herba 
capilla'res, were, anciently, hart's tongue; black, 
white, and golden maiden-hair, and spleenwort. 
Herbs, Five Emol'lient, Quinque herba emol- 
lien'tes, were, anciently, beet, mallow, marsh- 
mallow, French mercury, and violet. 
HERCULES ALLHEAL, Pastinacaopoponax. 
HERCULEUS MORBUS, Epilepsy. 
HEREDITAIRE, Hereditary. 
HEREDITARY, Haredita'rius, Heredita'- 
rius, Gentilit"ius, Sym'phytos, Sy n'genes, (F.) 
Hereditaire, from hares, 'an heir.' An epithet 
given to diseases, communicated from progeni- 
tors. Such diseases may exist at birth ; or they 
n.ay supervene at a more or less advanced period 
of existence. Hereditary diseases, Morbi heredi- 
.a'rii, (F.) Maladies hireditaires, often prevail 
amongst several members of a family, or are 
family diseases or complaints. 
HERMAPHRODE'lTY, Hermaphrodis' ia, 
Hermapht oditis'mus, Hermaphrodis'mus, Fab'rica 
438 
HERNIA 
androg"yna, Androgyn'ia, Gynan' dria, Hermapb,'- 
rodiem; from 'Epp»?f, 'Mercury,' and 
'Venus.' Appertaining to Mercury and Venus. 
Union of the two sexes in the same individual. 
HERMAPHRODISIA, Hermaphrodeity. 
HERMAPH'RODITE. Same etymon. Her- 
maphrodi'tue, Gynida, Androg"ynun. One who 
possesses the attributes of male and female : who 
unites in himself the two sexes. A term, applied 
to an animal or plant which is, at the same time, 
both male and female. True hermaphrodites are 
only met with in the lower degrees of the animal 
scale, amongst the zoophytes, mollusca, or gaste- 
ropoda. The individuals of the human species, 
regarded as hermaphrodites, owe this appearance 
to a vicious conformation of the genital organs; 
a kind of monstrosity, which renders them unfit 
for generation, although an attentive examination 
may exhibit the true sex. Hermaphrodites have, 
likewise, been described, which, instead of uniting 
the attributes of both sexes, cannot be considered 
male or female. These have been called neutral 
ACHERMAPHRODITISMUS, Hermaphrodeity. 
HERMAPHRODITES, Hermaphrodite. 
HERMET'ICA DOCTRI'NA, Hermetica are, 
(F.) Hermetique. The doctrine of Hermes, a 
celebrated Egyptian philosopher, who is con- 
sidered the father of alchemy. That part of 
chymistry, whose object was the pretended trans- 
mutation of the metals. 
HERMODAC'TYLUS, Dactyle'tue, An'ima ar- 
ticulo'rum, from 'Ep/o/j, ' Mercury,' and iaKrvXos, 
' a finger;' or rather from Hermue, a river in 
Asia, upon whose banks it grows, and SciktuXos, 
'a date;' or from 'Ep/n/f, 'Mercury,' and SaKrvXos, 
'a date;' (F.) Hermodactyle, Hermodacte ou Her- 
modate. The root of the Hermodactyl was for- 
merly used as a cathartic. By some, it is sup- 
posed to be identical with the Iris tubero'ea. 
The best testimony seems to be in favour of its 
being a variety of the colchicum,- Col'chicum 
Illyr'icum. 
HE RM ODA TE, Ilermodactylus. 
HERMOPH'ILUS, from 'Ep/oys, 'Mercury,' 
and 0<Xoj, ' a lover.' One who is fond of mercury 
as a medicine. 
HER'NIA, Ramex, Ruptu'ra, R. hernio'ea, 
Crepatu'ra, Ectop'ia hernio'sa, Cele, Rupture, 
Buret, (F.) Hargne, Descente, Effort, Greveure, 
Rompeure. Any tumour, formed by the displace- 
ment of a viscus or a portion of a viscus, which 
has escaped from its natural cavity by some aper- 
ture and projects externally. Hernias have been 
divided into,-1. Hernia of the Brain; Encepha- 
locele; 2. Hernia of the Thorax; Pneumocele; 
3. Hernia of the Abdomen. 
Abdom'inal Hernia are remarkable for their 
frequency, variety, and the danger attending 
them. They are produced by the protrusion of 
the viscera, contained in the abdomen, through 
the natural or accidental apertures in the parietes 
of that cavity. The organs, which form them 
most frequently, are the intestines and the epi- 
ploon. These herniae have been divided, accord- 
ing to the apertures by which they escape, into: 
1. Inguinal or Niyjra-Pu'&jan Hernia. These 
issue by the inguinal canal: they are called Bu- 
bonoce'le, when small; and Scrotal Hernia or 
Oecheoce'le, in man, when they descend into the 
scrotum; - Vulvar Hernia or Puden'dal or La'- 
bial Hernia, Epieioce'le, in women, when they 
extend to the labia majora. 2. Crural or Fem'~ 
oral Hernia, Me'roce'le, when they issue by the 
crural canal. 3. Infra-Pu'bian Hernia, (F.) Her- 
nie soue-pubienne, Obdeoce'le, Her'nia foram' inie 
ora'lie, when the viscera escape through the 
opening, which gives passage to the infra-pubian HERNIA 
vessels. 4. Ischiat'ic Hernia; when it takes place 
through the sacro-sciatic notch. 5. Umbil'ical 
Hernia, Exom'phalot, Omphaloce'le ; when it oc- 
curs at the umbilicus or near it. 6. Epigas'trie 
Hernia;-occurring through the linea alba, above 
the umbilicus. 7. Hypogas'tric or Infra-umbil'- 
ical Hernia, Ceelioce'le, Hypogastroce'le,- when 
it occurs through the linea alba below the umbi- 
licus. 8. Perince'al Hernia, Mesoscelocele, Her'- 
nia perina'i, PerincBoce'le, Perineoee'le-when it 
takes place through the levator ani, and appears 
at the perineum. 9. Vag"inal Hernia, Coleoce'le 
seu Elytrocele- through the parietes of the va- 
gina. 10. Diaphragmatic Hernia, Diaphrag- 
matoce'le; when it passes through the diaphragm. 
Herniae are likewise distinguished,-according 
to the viscera forming them, - into Enteroce'le, 
Epiploce'le, En'tero-epiploce'le, Gastroce'le, Cys- 
toce'le, Hepatoce'le, Splenoce'le, &c. 
When a hernia can be restored to its natural 
cavity, by the aid of pressure, <tc., properly ap- 
plied, it is said to be reducible. It is, on the con- 
trary, irreducible, when adhesion, bulk, <fcc., op- 
pose its return. When the aperture, which has 
given passage to the hernia, occasions more or 
less constriction on the protruded portion, the 
hernia is said to be incarcerated or strangulated: 
and, if the constriction be not removed, consti- 
pation, hiccough, vomiting, and all the signs of 
violent inflammation, followed by gangrene, su- 
pervene, with alteration of the features, small 
pulse, cold extremities, and death. 
The therapeutical indications are, - 1. As re- 
gards reducible hernia:- to replace the viscera 
in the abdomen by the taxis ; and to retain them 
there by the use of a truss, which, if properly 
adapted, may effect a radical cure. 2. As regards 
irreducible hernia:-to support the tumour by 
an appropriate suspensory bandage. 3. As re- 
gards strangulated hernia: - to have recourse to 
the taxis; blood-letting; warm bath; tobacco 
glysters ; ice to the tumour; and, if these should 
not succeed, to perform an operation, which con- 
sists in dividing the covering of the hernia, and 
cutting the aponeurotic ring, which causes the 
strangulation; - reducing the displaced viscera, 
unless their diseased condition should require 
them to be retained without;-dressing the wound 
appropriately ;-restoring the course of the faeces 
by means of gentle glysters ;-preventing or com- 
bating inflammation of the abdominal viscera;- 
conducting the wound to cicatrization, by appro- 
priate means ; and afterwards supporting the ci- 
catrix by a bandage. 
The word hernia was also used, of old, for the 
scrotum, and, not unfrequently, for the testicle. 
Hernia, Aneurisjial, Cirsomphalus-h. Ar- 
teriarum, see Aneurism-h. of the Bladder, Cys- 
tocele-h. Bronchialis, Bronchocele-h. Carnosa, 
Sarcocele - h. of the Cerebellum, Parencephalo- 
cele-h. Cerebri. Encephalocele. 
Hernia, Congen'ital, Hernia congen'ita, is a 
protrusion of some of the contents of the abdomen 
into the Tunica vaginalis testis, owing to a want 
of adhesion between its sides, after the descent 
of the testicle. 
Hernia Cornea:, Ceratocele - h. Crural, Me- 
rocele - h. Epiploic, Epiplocele - h. Femoral, 
Merocele - h. Foraminis Ovalis, see Hernia - 
h. Gutturis, Bronchocele - h. Hepatica, Hepa- 
tocele. 
Hernia Hvmora'lis, Empres'ma Orchi'tis, Di- 
dymi'tis, Orchi'tis, Orchidi'tis, Inflamma'tio tes'- 
tium, Inflamma'tion of the Testicle, Swelled Tes- 
ticle, Hernia Ven'eris, Orchioce'le, Orchidoce'le, 
Orchidon'cus, (F.) Inflammation du testicule, Or- 
chite. Swelling and inflammation of the testicle is 
» common symptom of gonorrhoea-Chaudepisse 
439 
HEROIC 
tombie dans les Bourses-, but it may arise from 
external injuries, or from other causes. It is a 
disease, which cannot be mistaken, and the treat- 
ment must obviously be strongly antiphlogistic, 
supporting the testicle during the treatment, and 
for some time afterwards: methodical compres- 
sion has also been found useful. The disease is 
not generally of a serious character, going off as 
suddenly as it comes on. As it affects the epidi- 
dymis more especially, when supervening on go- 
norrhoea or blennorrhoea, it is sometimes termed 
blenorrhag"ic epididy mi'tis. 
Hernia Incarcerata, Entero-peristole-h. 
Inguinalis, Bubonocele-h. Intestinalis, Entero- 
cele-h. Intestinalis omentalis, Entero-epiplocele 
-h. Iridis, Ptosis Iridis - h. Ischiatica, Ischio- 
cele-h. Lienalis, Splenocele. 
Her'nia Litt'rica, H. e Divertic'ulo Intesti'ni. 
Hernia first described by Littre, in which the in- 
testinal canal proper is not included in the hernial 
sac, the protruded portion of intestine consisting 
of a digital prolongation of the ileum, which Littre 
concluded was formed by the gradual extension 
of a knuckle of the bowel, that had been engaged 
in the inguinal canal. 
Hernia of the Liver, Hepatocele-h. Omen- 
tal, Epiplocele - h. Parorchido-enterica, Paror- 
chido-enterocele - h. Perinaei, see Hernia - h. 
Pharyngis, Pharyngocele-h. Phrenic, Diaphrag- 
matic hernia-h. Pinguedinosa Scroti, Liparocele 
- h. of the Pleura, Pleurocele - h. Pleurica et 
pulmonalis, Pleurocele - h. Pudendal, Pudendal 
hernia-h. Sacci lachrymalis, Lachrymal hernia, 
Mucocele-h. Scrotalis, Scrotocele-h. Seminalis 
scroti, Spermatocele - h. of the Stomach, Gas- 
trocele-h. Suprapubian, II. inguinal-h. of the 
Tongue, Glossocele - h. Umbilicalis, Epiplom- 
phalon, Exomphalos - h. Umbilici Aquosa, Hy- 
dromphalum-h. Urachi, Uromphalus-h. Uteri, 
Hysterocele - h. Varicose, Cirsocele - h. Vari- 
cose, Varicocele- h. Venarum, Varix - h. Ve- 
neris, Hernia humoralis-h. Ventosa, Physocele 
- h. Ventral, see Ventral - h. Ventriculi, Gas- 
trocele-h. Vcsicae Urinariae, Cystocele-h. Zir- 
balis, Epiplocele. 
HERNIAIRE, Hernial, Herniaria glabra. 
IIER'NIAL, Hernia'rius, (F.) Herniaire. Be- 
longing to, or concerning hernia : - as Hernial 
Bandage, Hernial Sac, Ac. 
The (F.) Hernii, is applied to a part enveloped 
in a hernial sac. (F.) Hernieux, Cele'ta, Celo'tes, 
Riip'tured, Burst, Bursten, means one affected 
with hernia; and Chirurgien herniaire, one who 
devotes himself to the treatment of hernia. 
HERNIA'RIA GLABRA, II. vulga'ris seu 
hirsu'ta seu alpes'tris seu an'nua seu eine'rea seu 
frutico'sa, Milligra'na, Em'petrum, Rupture-wort, 
from hernia, 'rupture.' (F.) Herniatre, Tarquette, 
Herniole. This plant, which, as its name imports, 
was formerly considered efficacious in the cure 
of hernia, seems destitute of all virtues. 
HERNIARIUS, Hernial. 
HERNIE CHARNUE, Sarcocele-J.del'Epi- 
ploon, Epiplocele-h. de VEstomac, Gastrocele- 
h. Inguinale, Bubonocele - h. du Nombril, Ex- 
omphalos-h. Ombilicale, Exomphalos-h. de la 
Vessie, Cystocele. 
HERNIE, Hernial. 
HERNIEMPHRAG'MUS, Hemiewphrax'is, 
from hernia, and tytyoayyns, 'obstruction.' The 
mechanical obstruction of a hernial canal for the 
radical cure of the hernia. 
HERNIEUX, Hernial. 
HERNIOLE, Herniaria glabra. 
HERNIOTOMY, Celotomia. 
HERO'IC, Hero'icus, Hero'ius, Hero'us, from 
'nfxns, ' a hero.' An epithet applied to remediei 
or practice of a violent character. HERPEDON 
HERPEDON, Herpes. 
HERPEN, Herpes. 
HERPES, Erpes, Herpe' don, Herpen, Serpens, 
from 'fpirw, ' I creepbecause it creeps and 
spreads about the skin ; Eephly'sis Herpes, Cy- 
tis'ma Herpes, Tetter, Fret, (F.) Dartre, Olo- 
phlyetide. A vesicular disease, which, in most 
of its forms, passes through a regular course of 
increase, maturation, decline, and termination in 
from 10 to 14 days. The vesicles arise in dis- 
tinct, but irregular clusters, which commonly ap- 
pear in quick succession, and near together, on 
an inflamed base; generally attended with heat, 
pain, and considerable constitutional disorder. 
The term, like all others which refer to cutaneous 
diseases, has not been accurately defined. The 
aneients had three varieties: the miliary, Kty- 
Xpiaios; vesicular, <fXvKraivu>$ns, and ero'ding, 
ia3ioyevos. Bateman has the following varieties : 
1. Herpes Phlyct.eno'des, Herpes milia'ris, Ec- 
phly'sis Herpes Milia'ris, (F.)Dartrephlycteno'ide, 
in which the vesicles are millet-sized; pellucid; 
clusters commencing on an uncertain part of the 
body, and being progressively strewed over the 
rest of the surface; succeeded by fresh crops. 
2. Herpes Zoster, Zoster, Zona ig'nea, Z. serpi- 
gino'sa, Ignis Per'sicus, Cinzilla, Sacer ignis, Ec- 
phly'sis Herpes zoster, Herpes peris'celis, Erysip'- 
elas zoster, Erysip'elas phlyctanoi' des, E. pustu- 
lo'sa, Zona, Cir'cinus, Perizo'ma, (F.) Ceinture, 
C. dartreuse, Feu Persique, Erysipele pustuleux, 
Shingles, in which the vesicles are pearl-sized; 
the clusters spreading round the body like a gir- 
dle ; at times confluent, and occasionally pre- 
ceded by constitutional irritation. 3. Herpes 
Circina'tus, Formi'ca ambulato'ria, An'nutus re- 
pens, Herpes Serpi'go, Serpi'go, Ecphly'sis Her- 
pes Circina'tus, Ringworm, Vesic'ular Ringworm, 
consisting of vesicles with a reddish base, uniting 
in rings; the area of the rings slightly discoloured, 
often followed by fresh crops. 4. Herpes La- 
bia'lis, and 5. Herpes Pr.eputia'lis, Aphtha 
prapu'tii, Ulcus'fula praipu'tii, appearing, re- 
spectively, on the lips and prepuce. 6. Herpes 
Iris, Iris, Rainbow-worm, occurring in small cir- 
cular patches, each of which is composed of con- 
centric rings of different colours. To these may 
added, Herpes Ex'edens, Ecphly'sis Herpes ex' - 
edens, Herpes esthiom'enus, H. depas'cens, H. ferns, 
H. estiom'enus, H. ferox, Darta excoriati'va seu 
malig'na, Lupus vorax, Formi'ca corrosi'va, For- 
mix, Pap'ula fera, Ul'cerative Ringworm, Nir'les, 
A'gria, (F.) Dartre ronglante, in which the vesi- 
cles are hard; clusters thronged; fluid dense, 
yellow or reddish, hot, acrid, corroding the sub- 
jacent skin, and spreading in serpentine trails. 
All the varieties demand simply an antiphlo- 
gistic treatment, when attended with febrile irri- 
tation. The herpes circinatus, alone, requires 
the use of astringent applications which have the 
power of repressing the eruption. 
Herpes Depascens, H. exedens - h. Esthio- 
menus, H. exedens-h. Estiomenus, H. exedens 
-h. Farinosus, Pityriasis-h. Ferox, H. exedens 
-h. Ferus, H. exedens-h. Furfuraceus, Pityri- 
asis- h. Furfuraceus circinatus, Lepra, H. exe- 
dens- h. Miliaris, H. phlyctaenoides - h. Peris- 
celis, H. zoster - h. Serpigo, H. circinatus - h. 
Tonsurans, Porrigo deealvans. 
HERPET'IC, Herpet'icus, (F.) Dartreux. Pos- 
sessing the nature of herpes. 
HERPETOG'RAPHY, Herpetograph'ia, from 
•rpTnjt, ' herpes,' and ■ypaipn, ' a description.' A 
description of the different forms of herpes. 
HERPE'TON, Herpet'icon, from 'tpiuiv, 'to 
creep.' A creeping eruption or ulcer. - Hippo- 
crates. 
440 
HEUCHERA 
HERPYLOS, Thymus serpvllum. 
HERRENSCHWAND'S SPECIFIC, see Spe- 
cific of Herrenschwand. 
HESPERIS ALLIARIA, Alliaria. 
HETERADELPII'IA, from 'trcpos, 'other/ and 
ait\<pos, ' a brother.' A double monstrosity, in 
which the components of the double bodies are 
very unequal, and of which one portion may be 
regarded as the stem or trunk, to which another 
organized part, or even a whole body, less deve- 
loped than itself, is affixed like a parasite. 
HETEROCIIRON'ICUS, Heteroch'ronus, from 
'rrtpof, 'other/ and 'time.' Relating to 
difference of time. 
Pulsus heterochron'icus. A pulse of varying 
rhythm. An irregular or intermittent pulse. 
HETEROCHYMEU'SIS, from '£r£pOf, 'other/ 
and ' mixture.' A state of the blood in 
which it contains other matters than in health, 
as urea, bile, <fcc. 
HETEROCLITE, see Homology, and Tissues. 
HETEROCRANIA, Hemicrania. 
HETEROCRIN'IA, from '{rtpoj, ' other/ and 
Kpinw, 'I separate.' Modification in the situation 
of secretions.-Andral. 
HETEROGENESIS, see Generation. 
HETEROLALIA, Heterophonia. 
HETEROLOGOUS TISSUES, see Tissues. 
HETEROMORPH' ISM, Hettromorphis' mns, 
from '£r£poj, 'other/ and poptprj, 'shape.' A de- 
viation from the natural shape of parts. 
HETEROMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
HETEROPATHIC, Allopathic. 
HETEROPHO'NIA, from 'trtpoy, 'other,' and 
ipsivT), 'voice.' A cracked or broken voice. A 
change of the voice or speech-Heterola'lia. 
HETEROPHTHAL'MIA, from '£r£poj, 'other/ 
and otySaXpos, 'eye.' A difference in the two 
eyes, - as when one squints, or is of a different 
colour. 
HETEROPLAS'TY, Heteroplas'tice, Hetero- 
pla'sia, from 'tripos, 'other/and irXaaaw, 'I form.' 
Irregular plastic or formative operations, that do 
not admit of exact classification. 
HETEROPROSO'PUS, from'tripos, 'different/ 
and npoaarov, 'countenance.' A monster having 
two faces.-Gurlt. 
HET'EROPUS, from 'tripos, 'other,' and irovs, 
' foot.' One who has one foot different from the 
other. 
HETEROREXIA, Malacia. 
HETERORRHYTH'MUS, from 'tripos, 'other/ 
and pvG/ios, 'rhythm.' Having another rhythm. 
An epithet given to the pulse, when it is such, 
in any individual, as is usually felt at a different 
age- 
HETEROS, from 'tripos, 'the one of two/ 'the 
other.' Hence: 
HETEROSARCO'SES, from 'tripos, 'other,' 
and <rap£, 'flesh.' A class of diseases which con- 
sist in the formation of accidental tissues.-Gen- 
drin. 
HETEROTAX'IA, (F.) Hlterotaxie, from 'tri- 
pos, and 'order.' A malformation, which 
consists in the general transposition of organs. 
A change in the relation of organs. 
HETEROTOP'IA, from 'tripos, 'other/ and 
tottoj, 'place.' A deviation from the natural po- 
sition of parts. 
H&TRE, Fagus sylvatica. 
HEUCHERA, see II. cortusa - h. Acerifolia, 
H. cortusa. 
Heuche'ra Cortu'sa, H. America'na, H.Ace- 
rifo'lia, H. Vis'cida, Cortu'sa America'na, Alum HIUDELOTIA 
Root, Amer'ican San'icle, Ground-maple, Cliff- 
weed, Split-rock. The root - Heuchera (Ph. U. 
S.) - is a powerful astringent, and is the basis 
of a cancer powder. The American Indians ap- 
ply the powdered root to wounds, ulcers, and 
cancers. It is said to have been sold for col- 
chicum. . 
Heuchera Viscida, H. cortusa. 
HEUDELOTIA AFRICANA, see Bdellium. 
HEVEA GUIANENSIS, see Caoutchouc. 
HEXAGIUM, Sextula. 
HEXATHYRIDIUM VENARUM,seeWorms. 
HEX IS, 'e(ij. Habit, habit of body, constitu- 
tion. Hence, hectic, cachectic, &c. 
HIA'TUS, from hiare, 'to gape,' 'to open.' 
A foramen or aperture. Mouth. The vulva. 
Also, yawning. 
Hiatus Diaphrag'matis Aor'ticus, Semicir'- 
culus execulp'tus. The opening in the diaphragm 
for the passage of the abdominal aorta. 
Hiatus Fallopii, see Aquseductus Fallopii- 
h. Occipito-pltreux, Lacerum posterius foramen 
-h. Sphtno-petreux, Lacerum anterius foramen. 
Hiatus of Winslow, Fora'men of Winslow. 
An opening-situate behind the lesser omentum, 
and behind the vessels and nerves of the liver- 
which forms a communication between the peri- 
toneal cavity and that of the omenta. 
HIBER'NICUS LAPIS, Teg'ula Hiber'nica, 
Arde'sia Hiber'nica, Harde'sia, Irish Slate. A 
kind of slate or very hard stone, found in differ- 
ent parts of Ireland, in masses of a bluish-black 
colour, which stains the hands. It has been 
taken, powdered, in spruce-beer, against inward 
contusions. 
HIBISCUS, Althaea. 
Hibis'cus Abelmos'chus, Abelmos'chus mos- 
cha'tus. The name of the plant, whose seeds are 
called Grana Moschi or Muskseed. It is the Bel- 
mus'chus, Abelmos'chus, Granum Moschi, Ket'mia 
xEgyptiaca, Moschus Ar' abum, jEgyp'tia moscha'- 
ta, Bamix moscha'ta, Alee'a, Alcea Ind'ica, Alcea 
xEgyptiaca Villo'sa, Abelmosch, Abelmusk, Musk- 
mallow, (F.) Graine de Muse, Herbe d la poudre 
de Chypre, Ambrette, Guimauve veloutee. It is 
indigenous in Egypt and the Indies. The seeds 
are chiefly used as perfumes; and especially in 
the formation of Cyprus Powder. 
Hibis'cus Popule'us, Balimba'go. A small 
Molucca tree. The fruit is full of a juice similar 
to camboge. The root is emetic. It is used in 
chronic diarrhoea, colie, dyspepsia, «tc. 
HICCOUGH, Singultus. 
HICCUP, Singultus. 
HICK'ORY. The name of several American 
trees of the genus Cary a ; Order, Juglandaceae. 
The leaves are usually aromatic ; and are reputed 
to be antispasmodic (?). The bark of those species 
that have bitter nuts, as Carya ama'ra and C. 
porci'na, is somewhat astringent. Some of them 
bear fruit that is much esteemed, as Carya olivce- 
formis, Pecan' or Peccan' nut, and C. sulca'ta, 
Shellbark. 
HIDDEN SEIZURES. An expression em- 
ployed by Dr. Marshall Hall for obscure ence- 
phalic and spinal attacks, of an epilepdoid cha- 
racter for example, which may be immediately 
owing to trachelismus. 
HIDRISCHESIS, Hidroschesis. 
HIDROA, Desudatio, £chauboulures, Hydroa, 
Sudamina. 
HIDRON'OSUS, Hidronu'sus, from 'lApco?, 
* sweat,' and voaos, ' a disease.' A disease accom- 
panied by violent sweats. Sudor Anglicus. 
HIDRONUSUS, Hidronosus. 
HIDROPEDESIS, Ephidrosis. 
HIDROPHOROS, Sudoriferous. 
HIDROPOETICUM, Sudorific. 
441 
HILON 
HTDROPYRA, Sudor Anglicus. 
HIDROPYRETOS, Sudor Anglicus. 
HIDRORRHCEA, Ephidrosis. 
HIDROS, 'ibpw;, Sudor, 'sweat.' Hence-Hi- 
dropyra, Hidrosis, Ac. 
II IDROS'CHESIS, Hidris'chesis, Reten'tio su- 
do'rie, from 'sweat,' and 'reten- 
tion.' Suppression of perspiration. 
HIDRO'SIS, Hidro'sis, Suda'tio, from 'ilpwf, 
' sweat.' Sudation, Sweating, Ephidrosis. 
HIDROTERION, Achicolura. 
HIDROTERIUM, Sudorific. 
HIDROTICUM, Sudorific. 
HIDRO'TIUM, Diminutive of 'iJpwy, 'sweat.' 
A gentle sweat or perspiration. 
HIDROTOPCEUM, Sudorific. 
HIEBLE, Sambucus ebulus. 
HI'ERA DIACOLOCYN'THIDOS, from 'upoy, 
'holy.' Hiera of Colocynth. An electuary, com- 
posed of 10 parts of colocynth, as much agaric, 
germander, white horehound, stoechas:- 5 parts 
of opoponax, as much sagapenum, parsley, round 
birthwort root, and white pepper: - 4 parts of 
spikenard, cinnamon, myrrh, and saffron; and 3 
pounds, 3 ounces, and 5 drachms of honey. 
Hiera of Colocynth, II. Diacolocynthidos- 
h. Logadii, Hiera picra. 
Hiera Picra, from 'upoy, 'holy,' and rispof, 
'bitter.' Holy bitter, Pulvis aloet'icus, formerly 
called Hiera loga'dii, when made into an electu- 
ary with honey. It is now kept in the form of 
dry powder;-prepared by mixing socotrine aloes 
one pound, with 3 ounces of canella alba. See 
Pulvis aloes cum canella. 
Hiera Syrinx, Vertebral column, Epilepsy. 
HIERACI'TES, 'upaKirns, from '<rpaf, 'a hawk,' 
Lapis Accip'itrum. The ancient name of a pre- 
cious stone, believed to be capable of arresting 
the hemorrhoidal flux.-Pliny, Galen, Paulus. 
HIERACIUM LACHENALII, H. murorum. 
Hiera'cium Muro'rum, H. Lachenalii, Pul- 
mona'ria Gall'ica, Auric'ula mu'ris major, (F.) 
Eperviire des murailles, Pulmonaire des Franqais. 
A European plant, which is a slight tonic. 
Hieracium Oleraceum, Sonctius oleraceus. 
Hieracium Pilosel'la. The systematic name 
of the Auric'ula Muris, Pilosel'la, P. Alpi'na, 
Myoso'tis, Mouse-ear, (F.) Piloselle, Oreille de 
Souris. This plant contains a bitter, lactescent 
juice, which has a slight degree of astringency. 
The roots are more powerful than the leaves. 
Hiera'cium Veno'sum, Rattlesnakeweed, Veiny 
Hawkweed, indigenous, has similar properties. 
HIERANOSUS, Chorea, Epilepsy. 
HIERAX, Accipiter. 
HIEROBOTANE, Verbena officinalis. 
HIEROGLYPH'ICA, from 'upoy, 'holy,' and 
yXv(/>w, ' I carve.' A name given to the signs 
employed in medicine; and, also, to the folds in 
the hands, feet, and forehead, which afford chi- 
romancy its pretended oracles. 
HIEROPYR, Erysipelas. 
HILL'S BALSAM OF HONEY, see Balsam 
of Honey, Hill's-h. Essence ofBardana, Tinetura 
guaiaci ammoniata. 
HILLBERRY, Gaultheria. 
HILL FEVER, see Fever, hill. 
HILON, (F.)Hilum, improperly Hilus. A name 
given by some writers to a small blackish tumour, 
formed by the protrusion of the iris through an 
opening in the transparent cornea, so called from 
its comparison with the hile or black mark pre- 
sented by the vicia faba at one of its extremities. 
In Botany, the Hile or Hilum is the cieatricula 
of a seed, which indicates the place by which it 
was attached in the cavity of the pericarp. It 
is the umbilicus of the seed. The fissure of th« HILUS 
spleen, kidney, &c., is, also, sometimes called 
Hilus. 
HILUS, Hilon. 
Hilus Liena'lis, Incisu'ra liena'lis. The con- 
cave part of the spleen. 
Hilus Rena'lis, Incisu'ra rena'lis. The con- 
cave part of the kidney. 
HIMANTOMA, see Himas. 
HIMANTOSIS, Himas. 
HIMAS, 'ipas, ' a thong of leather.' The uvula; 
likewise, elongation, and extenuation of the uvula. 
It is also called Himanto1sis, Himanto'ma. See 
Staphyloedema. 
I1IMER0S, Libido. 
HIP, Haunch-h. Bone, Ischium-h. Disease, 
Coxarum morbus-h. Joint, Coxofemoral articu- 
lation-h. Tree, Rosa canina. 
HIP'PACE, 'iirnaKti, from 'iiriro;, 'a horse.' 
Ca'seus Equi'nus. A cheese prepared from mare's 
milk. 
HIPPANTHRO'PIA, from 'nrno;, 'a horse,' 
and av3pwiros, ' a man.' A variety of melancholy, 
in which the patient believes himself changed to 
a horse. The Greek word 'unrarJponroj, means 
the fabulous Centaur. 
IIIPPASIA, Equitation. 
IIIPPEIA, Equitation. 
HIPPEUSIS, Equitation. 
HIPPIATER, Hippiatros, Med'icus equa'rius. 
A farrier. A horse doctor. Used also for one 
who treats the diseases of other domestic animals; 
Veterina'rius, Mulomed'icus, Med'icus Veterina'- 
rius, Zoiatrus. 
HIPPIATRI'A, Hippiat'rica, Hippiat'rice, 
Medici'na equa'ria, from 'iiriros, 'a horse,' and 
larpiKtj, ' medicine,' (F.) Hippiatrique. A science, 
whose object is the knowledge of the diseases of 
the horse. It is sometimes made to include other 
domestic animals. See Veterinary art. 
HIPPIATRIQUE, Hippiatria. 
HIPPIATRUS, Hippiater. 
HIPPO, Euphorbia corollata-h. Indian, Gil- 
lenia trifoliata. 
HIPPOCAMPE GRANDE, Cornu ammonis. 
HIPPOCAMPUS MAJOR, Cornu ammonis. 
Hippocam'pus Minor, Pes hippocam'pi minor, 
Pes hippopot'ami minor, Unguis, U. Avis, U. Hal- 
leri, O'erea, Collie'ulus ca'vece posterio'ris ventri- 
culo'rumlatera'lium,fjalcar a'vis, Un'ciform Em'- 
inence, (F.) Ergot, Eperon. A medullary tubercle 
or projection, observed in the posterior cornu of 
the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
H1PP0CENTAUREA CENTAURIUM, Chi- 
ronia centaurium. 
HIPPOCRAS, Claret. 
HIPPOCRATES, CAP OF, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
crate- h. Sleeve, Chausse. 
HIPPOCR AT'IC, Hippocrat'icus. Relating to 
Hippocrates, or concerning his doctrine,-a.sHip- 
pocratic doctrine, Hippocratic face, <fcc. 
HIPPOC'RATIST. A partisan of the Hippo- 
"lIIPp'oGONYOLEPUS, Crusta genu equina. 
IIIPPOLAPATHUM, Rumex patientia. 
HIPPOLITHUS, Bezoard of the horse. 
HIPPOMARATHRUM, Peucedanum silaus. 
HIPPOPATHOL'OGY, Hippopatholog"ia, 
from 'irnrof, 'a horse, waJoy, 'a disease,' and Aoyoj, 
' a discourse.' The science of the diseases of 
the horse. Pathology of the horse. 
IIIPPOPHAGOUS, Equivorous. 
HIPPOPUS, see Kyllosis. 
HIPPOS, Equus. 
HIPPOSELINUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
HIPPOSTEOL'OGY, Hipposteolog"ia, from 
'iwros, 'a horse,' oartov, 'a bone,' and Xoyoj, 'a 
discourse.' Osteology of the horse. 
442 
HISTOGENIA 
- 
HIPPOT'OMY, Hippotom'ia, from 'iinroj, 'a 
horse,' and 'to cut.' Anatomy of the 
horse. 
HIPPU'RIA, from 'irrof, 'a horse,' and ovpov, 
'urine,' because the urine contains hippuric acid, 
which is found in the urine of the horse. A pa- 
thological condition, in which there is an excess 
of hippuric acid in the urine. 
HIPPURIC ACID, see Acid, hippuric. 
HIPPU'RIS VULGA'RIS, from '<™os, 'a 
horse,' and ovpa, 'a tail.' The systematic name 
of the Horse's Tail, Mare's Tail, Equise'tum mi- 
nus, Equise'tum, (F.) Prele, Presle, Asprele. It 
is an astringent, and frequently used, as tea, by 
the vulgar, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage. The 
same virtues are attributed to the Equise'tum ar- 
ven'se, fluviat'ile, limo'sum, Ac. 
HIPPUS, Equus, Nicta'tio, from hirroj, 'a 
horse.' A disease of the eyes, in which, from 
birth, they perpetually twinkle, like those of a 
man on horseback. (?) Also, a tremulous condition 
of the iris, which occasions repeated alternations 
of contraction and dilatation of the pupil; Iri- 
dot' romus, Tremor I'ridis. 
HIPS, Sax. heopa. The fruit of the dog-rose, 
Rosa Cani'na: chiefly used as a confection. See 
Confectio Ros® Canin®. 
HIRCIS'MUS, Hircus, Hirquus, from hircus, 
'a goat.' Stinking like a goat:-applied espe- 
cially to the odour of the secretions of the axilla. 
HIRCUS, Canthus (greater), Hircismus, Tra- 
gus-h. Alarum, Cinabra. 
HIRQUITALITAS, from hircus, 'a goat,' Pa- 
rapho'nia pu'berum. Goat's voice. See Egophony. 
HIRQUUS, Hircus, Canthus (greater), Hircis- 
mus, Tragus. 
HIRSU'TIES, Das'yma, Das'ytes, Tricho'sis, 
Hirsu'ties, Hair'iness. Growth of hairs on extra- 
neous parts, or, superfluous growth on parts; as 
in cases of bearded women. - Good. 
HIRU'DO, The Leech, Sanguisu'ga, Bdella. 
In medicine, the Hiru'do Medicina'lis, Bdella 
Medicina'lis, or Medicinal Leech, (F.) Sangsue, 
is employed. In the United States, H. dec'ora 
is used. The leech lives in fresh water, and 
feeds on the blood of animals, which it sucks, 
after having pierced the skin with its three sharp 
teeth. This habit has been taken advantage of, 
to produce local blood-letting. In applying the 
leech, the part must be wiped dry; and if there 
be difficulty in making it suck, a little milk or 
cream may be applied. When satiated, it will 
drop off, and by applying a little salt or vinegar 
to its head it will disgorge the blood. A good 
English leech will take about half an ounce of 
blood, including that which flows by fomenting 
the part subsequently. The American takes less. 
Hirvdo Artificialis, Antlia sanguisuga-h. 
Decora, see Hirudo - h. Medicinalis, Hirudo. 
HIRUNDINARIA, Asclepias vincetoxieum, 
Lysimachia nummularia. 
HIRUN'DO, Chel'idon, from harendo, 'stick- 
ing;' because it sticks its nests against the 
houses. (?) The Swallow. The nests of the 
swallow were once employed as rubefacients, 
boiled in vinegar. 
HISPANICUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
HISPIDITAS, Dystoechiasis, Phalangosis. 
HISPIDULA, Antennaria dioicum. 
HISSING RESPIRATION, see R&le sibilant. 
HISTIOLOGY, Histology. 
HISTODYAL'YSIS, from 'nrroj, 'organic tex- 
ture,' and hiahvan, ' dissolution.' A morbid dis- 
solution of the tissues. 
HISTOGEN'IA, Histog"eny, from 'taros, 'the 
organic texture,' and ycveats, 'generation.' The 
formation and development of the organic texture*. HISTOLOGIA 
HISTOLOGIA, Histology. 
HISTOLOG"ICAL, Hiatoloficua. Same ety- 
mon as the next. Relating to histology. Ap- 
plied, also, at times, to the natural transforma- 
tions that occur in the tissues in the emhryo, in 
contradistinction to morphological, which applies 
to the alterations in the form of the several parts 
of the embryo. 
HISTOL'OGY, Histolog"ia, Hiatiol'ogy, Hia- 
tiolog"ia, from 'taros, ' the organic texture,' and 
Xoyos, ' a description.' Anatomy (general). The 
term is, also, more particularly appropriated to 
the minute anatomy of the tissues. See Anatomy. 
HISTON'OMY, Hiatonom'ia, from 'taros' ' the 
organic texture,' and yogas, 'law.' The aggregate 
of laws, which preside over the formation and 
arrangement of the organic tissues. 
HIS'TORY, MED'ICAL, Hiato'ria Medici'na. 
A narration of the chief circumstances, and the 
persons connected with them, in the progress of 
medicine. 
IIIST'OS, 'taros, 'the organic texture.' Tex- 
tu'ra seu Tela organ'ica. 
HISTOT'OMY, Hiatotom'ia from 'taros, ' orga- 
nic texture,' and roftti, 'incision.' Dissection of 
the tissues. 
HIVE SYRUP, Syrupus scillae compositus. 
HIVES, Cynanche trachealis, Urticaria, Vari- 
cella. In Scotland, according to Dr. Jameson, 
Hivea or Hyvea means any eruption of the skin, 
proceeding from an internal cause; and, in Lo- 
thian, it is used to denote both the red and the 
yellow gum. In the United States, it is vaguely 
employed: most frequently, perhaps, for Urti- 
caria. 
Hives, Bold, Urticaria. 
HOARSENESS, Raucedo. 
HOB-NAIL LIVER, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
Liver, nutmeg. 
HOCK, Poples. 
HOG-LICE, Onisci aselli. 
HOG WORT, Heptalion graveolens. 
HOLANENCEPHA'LIA, from 'ohos, 'entire,' 
and anencephalia, 'absence of brain.' Entire 
absence of brain,-the same as Anencephalia.- 
G. St. Hilaire. 
HOLARTHRITIS, Hamarthritis. 
HOLCE, 'o\kt), 'a dram.'-Galen. 
HOL'CIMOS, 'o\Kiyos, from '0X107, ' a weight,' 
A tumour of the liver. 
HOLCUS SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
HOLERA, Cholera. 
HOLLANDS, Gin. 
HOLLY, AMERICAN, Hex opaca - h. Com- 
mon, Ilex aquifolium-h. Dahoon, Ilex vomitoria 
- h. Ground, Pyrola maculata - h. Ground, Py- 
rola umbellata-h. Sea, Eryngium maritimum. 
HOLLYHOCK, COMMON, Alcea rosea. 
HOLMES WEED, Scrophularia nodosa. 
HOLMICOS, Alveolus. 
HOLMOS, Mortar. 
HOLOCYRON, Teucrium chamsepitys. 
HOLONARCO'SIS, from 'oXos, 'whole,' and 
vapKioats' ' stupor.' Narcosis of the whole body. 
Torpefactio univeraa'lia. 
HOLOPHLYCTIDES, Phlyctmna. 
HOLOSTEUM ALSINE, Alsine media. 
HOLOSTEUS, Osteocolla. 
HOLOTETzVNUS, see Tetanus. 
HOLOTONIA, Holotonicus, Tetanus. 
HOLOTON'ICUS, 'oXos, 'the whole,' and rttvio, 
' I stretch.' Holoton'ia. A spasm of the whole 
body. A variety of tetanus.-Sauvages. 
HOL'YWELL, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Holywell is a town in Wales, and takes its name 
from the famous well of St. Winifred. It is a 
simple cold water, remarkable for its purity. 
HOMAGRA, Omagra. 
443 
HOMGfiOZYGY 
HOMEOPATHY, Homoeopathy. 
HOMERDA, Stercus humanum. 
HOME'RIA COLLI'NA. A poisonous South 
African plant, Nat. Ord. Irideae, the bulb of which 
acts as a violent acro-narcotic, producing fatal 
results very speedily. 
HOMESICKNESS, Nostalgia. 
HOMICI'DAL, Truculen'tus, Ferns, from homo, 
'man,' and credo, 'I kill.' Pertaining or relating 
to homicide or the killing of man. 
Homicidal Insanity, Homici'dal Monoma'nia, 
(F.) Monomanic homicide. Insanity, with an ir- 
resistible impulse to destroy life. 
HOMILIA, Coition. 
HOM'INY. A word of Indian derivation. 
Maize or Indian corn hulled and coarsely broken. 
It is prepared for food by being mixed with water 
and boiled. 
Hominy, Wheaten, see Groats. 
HOMIOSIS, Homoiosis. 
HOMME, Homo. 
HOMO, (F.) Homme, Man,-the chief and most 
perfect of the mammalia; in Greek, 
Anthro'pos, from ava, 'upwards, and rpeirw, 'I 
turn;' because man, alone, of all animals, pos- 
sesses the natural power of standing erect. He 
is, also, the only animal whose incisor teeth, 
wedged in a projecting jaw, are absolutely ver- 
tical. Man is especially distinguished from other 
mammalia by the faculty, which he possesses, of 
classing his ideas; comparing them with each 
other; and connecting, representing, and trans- 
mitting them by signs and articulate sounds. He 
possesses, in the highest degree, all the attributes 
of intelligence, - memory, judgment, and imagi- 
nation. He inhabits all countries, - the burning 
regions of the torrid zone, and the chilling at- 
mosphere of the polar climes. In different situa- 
tions, he presents, in his figure, colour, and sta- 
ture, differences which have caused mankind to 
be divided by naturalists into races or varieties. 
The number of such races can only be approxi- 
mated. Blumenbach admits five, the Caucasian, 
Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malay, and American. 
Every division must necessarily be arbitrary, and 
the individuals composing each variety are far 
from being alike. 
Homo Alatus, see Alatus. 
Homo Cauda'tus, ' Tailed man.' A fabulous, 
tailed variety of the human species, 'incola orbis 
antarctici,' admitted by Linnaeus, although he is 
uncertain whether to rank them with men or 
apes! 
Homo Fatuus, Idiot. 
HOMOED'RUS, from oyov, 'together,' and 
cSpa, ' seat.' Having the same seat. Morbi ho- 
mo'edri:-diseases that have the same seat. 
HOMCEOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
HOMCEOPATH, Homoeopathist. 
HOMCEOPATH'IC, Homoeopath'icus, Homoe- 
op'athes. Relating to homoeopathy. 
HOMCEOP'ATHIST, Ho'moeopath, Homoeo- 
path'icus, Homoeopathic'ta, Homoeopathis'tes. One 
who believes in homoeopathy. 
HOMCEOP'ATIIL, Homceopathi'a, Are homoe- 
opath'ica, Homeop athy, from 'oyoios, 'like,' and 
iraSos, 'affection.' A fanciful doctrine, which 
maintains, that .disordered actions in the human 
body are to be cured by inducing other disor- 
dered actions of the same kind, and this to be 
accomplished by infinitesimally small doses, of- 
ten of apparently inert agents; the deciliionth 
part of a grain of charcoal, for example, is an 
authorized dose. 
HOMCEOZ'YGY, from 'oyoio;, 'like,' and fyyoa, 
'I join together.' (F.) Soi-pour-soi. The law HOMOETHNIA 
k f association of organs, by which like parts ad- 
here to liks parts.-Serres. 
HOMOETHNIA, Sympathy. 
HOMOGENESIS, see Generation. 
HOMOIOPATHIA, Sympathy. 
HOMOIO'SIS, Homio'sis, from 'I re- 
semble,' ' I assimilate.' An elaboration of the 
nutritious juice, by which it becomes proper for 
assimilation. 
HOMOLINON, see Apolinosis. 
HOM'OLOGUE, Homol' ogus, same etymon as 
homology. A term applied to the same organ in 
different animals under every variety of form and 
function. 
HOMOL'OGY, from 'like,' and Xoyoy, 
' a description.' The doctrine of similar parts. 
Thus, the two sides of the body are said to be 
' homologous.' Homol'ogoua, homomorph' oua, or 
homoeomorph' oua tissnes, are those that resemble 
others ; in opposition to heterol'ogoua, het'eroclite, 
or heteromorph'oua, which are new formations. 
Homology seems now to be accepted as the de- 
signation of the doctrine or study, the subject of 
which is the relations of the parts of animal bo- 
dies.-Owen. 
HOMOMORPHOUS, see Homology. 
HOMONOPAGIA, Cephalalgia. 
HOMOPH'AGUS, from 'raw,' and <faya>, 
' I eat.' One who eats raw flesh. 
HOMOPLAS'TY, Homoopla'aia, from 'o/wtof, 
'like,' and ?rXaaaa), 'I form.' The formation of 
homologous tissues. 
HOMOPLATA, Scapula. 
HOMOT'ONOS, jEqua'lia, from 'o/zoy, 'equal,' 
and tovos, 'tone.' That which has the same tone. 
A continued fever, whose symptoms have an 
equal intensity during the whole course of the 
disease, has been so called. See Acmasticos, and 
Synocha. 
HONESTY, Lunaria rediviva. 
HONEWORT, FIELD, Sison amomum. 
HONEY, Mel-h. Balsam of, Hill's, see Mel- 
h. Bloom, Apocynum androstemifolium - h. of 
Borax, Mel boracis-h. Clarified, Mel despumatum 
- h. Prepared, Mel praeparatum - h. of Roses, 
Mel rosae-h. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillae 
compositus. 
HONEYCOMB BAG, Reticulum. 
HONEYSUCKLE, BUSH, Diervilla trifida. 
HONEY SUGAR, Glucose. 
HONGLANE, Coptis teeta. 
HONOR CAPITIS, see Capillus. 
HONORARIUM, Sostrum. 
HONTEUX, Pudic. 
HOOD WORT, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
HOOK, Sax. hoce, hooc, Dutch, hoeck, Un- 
cus, Unc"inus, Anc'yra, (F.) F.rigne, Airigne ou 
Brine. An instrument, consisting of a steel wire, 
flattened at the middle, and having the extremi- 
ties crooked and pointed. Some hooks are fur- 
nished with a handle at one extremity-the other 
having one or two hooks ;-constituting the single 
or double hook. The hook is used by anatomists 
and surgeons to lay hold of, and raise up, certain 
parts, the dissection of which is delicate, or which 
would slip from the fingers. 
The Tenaculum is a variety of the hook. 
Hook, Blunt, Ich'tliya, Ich'thye, Onyx, Unguis 
ferr'eus. An instrument which is passed over 
the flexures of the joints to assist in bringing 
down the foetus in parturition. 
HOOP TREE, Melia azedarach. 
HOOPER'S PILLS, Pilulse Aloes et Myrrhse. 
HOOPING-COUGH, Pertussis -h. Roche's 
Embrocation for, see Roche. 
HOSPITAL, Hospital. 
HOPLOCHRIS'MA, from 'ottXov, 'a weapon,' 
444 
HORSE CANE 
and 'salve.' Ungven'tum arma'rium, 
Arm'atory Unguent. A salve which was sup- 
posed to cure wounds hy sympathy,-the instru- 
ment with which the wound was inflicted being 
anointed with it. 
HOPLOMOCH'LION, from 'oFXov, 
' a weapon/ and ' a lever.' The name of 
an iron machine or apparatus, which embraced the 
whole body like armour. A figure of it is given 
by Fabricius ab Aquapendente. 
HOP PILLOW, see Humulus lupulus - h. 
Plant, Humulus lupulus. 
HOQUET, Singultus. 
HORA, Hebe. 
HORJEA, Menses. 
HOR2EOTES, Maturity. 
HORDEI MALTUM, Malt 
HORDE'OLUM, diminutive of Hordeum, 'bar- 
ley.' Orde'olum, Pou'thia, Sclerophthal'mia, Cri- 
the, Crithid'ion, Cry the, Stye, Sty an, (F.) Or- 
gelet, Orgeolet. A small, inflammatory tumour, 
of the nature of a boil, which exhibits itself near 
the free edge of the eyelids, particularly near the 
inner angle of the eye. 
HOR'DEUM, Or'deum, Crithe. The seeds of 
Hordeum vulga're, or Scotch Barley, are ranked 
amongst the Cerealia. (F.) Urge. They afford 
a mucilaginous decoction, which is employed as 
a diluent and antiphlogistic. The seeds of the 
Hordeum dis'tichon, H. aisti'vum, Zeoc'riton diu'- 
tichum, and H. hexae'tichon possess similar pro- 
perties. Barley is freed from its shells in mills, 
forming the Hor'deum munda'tum seu decortica' - 
tun seu excortica'turn; and, at times, is rubbed 
into small, round grains, somewhat like pearls, 
when it is called Hordeum perla'turn, Pearl Bar- 
ley, (F.) Orge perle, and forms the Hordeum denu- 
tatum seu perlatum, the Hordei uem'ina tu'niciu 
nuda'ta, of the pharmacopoeias,-Hordeum (Ph. 
U. S.) 
Hordeum Causticum, Veratrum sabadilla-h. 
Decorticatum, see Hordeum-h. Denudatum, see 
Hordeum - h. Excorticatum, see Hordeum - h. 
Galacticum, Oryza-h. Mundatum, see Hordeum 
-h. Perlatum, see Hordeum. 
HOREHOUND, Marrubium-h. Black, Bal- 
lota foetida - h. Germander-leaved, Eupatorium 
teucrifolium - h. Stinking, Ballota foetida - h. 
Water, Lycopus sinuatus, Lycopus Virginicus- 
h. Wild, Eupatorium teucrifolium. 
HORME, Instinct. 
HORMINUM, Salvia horminum - h. Colora- 
tura, Salvia horminum-h. Sativum, Salvia hor- 
minum. 
HORMON, Enormon. 
HORN, Cornu. 
HORNSEED, Ergot 
HORNY EXCRES'CENCES, Lepido'eis, Ich- 
thyi'asis cornig"era, Cor'nua cuta'nea, (F.) Cornet 
de la Peau. Certain excrescences, which occa- 
sionally form on some part of the skin, and re- 
semble, in shape, the horns of an animal. 
Horny Substance, see Tooth. 
HORRENTIA, Horripilation. 
HOR'RIDA CUTIS, Goose-skin, Cutis anse- 
ri'na, Dermatospasmus. A state of the skin ac- 
companying the rigor of an intermittent. 
HORRIPILA'TION, Horripila'tio, Horror, 
Horren'tia, Phrice, Phricas'mus, Phrici'asis, 
Phri'cia, from horrere, 'to bristle up,' and/>»7u«, 
'hair.' (F.) Horripilation, Frissonnement. Ge- 
neral chilliness, preceding fever, and accompanied 
with bristling of the hairs over the body. 
HORROR, Horripilation - h. Ciborum, Dis- 
gust for food. 
HORSE BALM, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
HORSE CANE, Ambrosia trifida. HORSE CHESTNUT 
HORSE CHESTNUT, uEseulus hippocasta- 
num. 
HORSE CRUST, Crusta genu equinae. 
HORSEFLY WEED, Sophora tinctoria. 
HORSEMINT, Ambrosia trifida, Monarda coc- 
cinea and M. punctata - h. Sweet, Cunila ma- 
riana. 
HORSE RADISH, Cochlearia armoraeia. 
HORSE'S TAIL, Hippuris vulgaris. 
HORSEWEED, Ambrosia trifida, Collinsonia 
Canadensis. 
HORTULUS CUPIDINIS, Vulva. 
HOR TUB, A ulva - h. Siccus, Herbarium. 
HOS'PITAL, primarily from hospes, 'a guest.' 
Nosoeomi'um, Adynatocomi'um, Adynatodochi'- 
vm, Xenodoce'um, Xenodoche'um, Infirm'ary, In- 
firma'rium, Infirmato'rium, Nosodochi'um, Vale- 
tudina'rium, (F.) Hopital. An establishment for 
the reception of the sick, in which they are main- 
tained and treated medically. Hospitals were 
first instituted about the end of the 4th century; 
a period at which the word voaoKo/ieiov was em- 
ployed, for the first time, by St. Jerome. They 
may be general, receiving all cases; or special, 
admitting only the subjects of certain diseases. 
Hos'pital Gangrene, Phagedce'na gangra- 
no'sa, Putrid or Malignant Ulcer, Gangra'na 
Nosocomio'rum seu Nosocomia'lis, Sphac"elus no- 
socomia'l/s, Hos'pital Sore, Gamgrce'na contagio'- 
sa, Putre'do,(Y.) Pourriture ou Gangrene d'hopi- 
tal. Gangrene, occurring in wounds or ulcers, 
in hospitals the air of which has been vitiated 
by the accumulation of patients, or some other 
circumstance. Hospital gangrene-many differ- 
ent varieties of which are met with, and always 
accompanied or preceded by fever - commonly 
commences with suppression of the suppuration 
of the wound, which becomes covered with a 
grayish and tenacious sanies. The gangrene 
then manifests itself. It extends from the centre 
of the ulcerated surface towards the edges; these 
become swollen, painful, and everted; and the 
patient dies with all the signs of typhus. The 
treatment must be varied according to circum- 
stances. Sometimes, it requires the use of sti- 
mulating, acid, caustic, and antiseptic applica- 
tions; with, occasionally, the actual cautery, 
aided by the exhibition of tonics, internally : - 
at others, the antiphlogistic regimen and emol- 
lient applications may be necessary. 
Hospital, Leper, Ladrerie. 
HOSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
HOT SPRINGS, see Virginia, mineral wa- 
ters of. 
HO UB L ON, Humulus lupulus. 
HOUGH, Poples. 
HOUNDS' TONGUE, Cynoglossum. 
HOUPPE NERVEUSE, see Papilla -A. du 
Menton, Depressor labii inferioris, Levator labii 
inferioris. 
HOURGLASS CONTRACTION OF THE 
UTERUS, see Chaton. 
HOUSELEEK, Sempervivum tectorum - h. 
Small, Sedum. 
HOUSEMAID'S KNEE, see Knee, house- 
maid's. 
HOUSE-PUPIL, see House-Surgeon. 
HOUSE-SURGEON, Resident Surgeon. Usu- 
ally a senior house-pupil or graduate, who attends 
in an hospital, to every accident and disease, in 
the absence of the attending physician or sur- 
geon., It answers, in the British hospitals, to 
the Elive interne or Interne of the French. The 
Elive externe or Externe is a less advanced pu- 
pil; from whom .Internes are chosen. In ordi- 
dinary schools, Elive externe means a day-scho- 
lar: whilst Elive interne means a boarder. 
445 
HUMERUS 
HOUX, Ilex aquifolium-A. Petit, Ruscus - 
A. Apalachine, Ilex vomitoria. 
HUACACACHU, Datura sanguinea. 
IIUACO, Guaco. 
HUANU, Guano. 
HUCKLEBERRIES, see Gaylussacia, and 
Vaceinium. 
HUCKLEBONE, Ischion. 
HUDSON'S PRESERVATIVE FOR THE 
TEETH AND GUMS, see Tinctura Myrrhae. 
HUILE, Oil - A. d'Absinthe, Artemisia absin- 
thium (oil of) - A. d'Acajou, see Anacardium 
occidentale. 
HUILE ACOUST1QUE (F.), Oleum acus'ti- 
cum, Acoustic oil. An oil for deafness, prepared 
of olive oil, 5ij; garlic, ox-gall, and bay-leaves, 
each 5,j; boiled for a quarter of an hour, and 
strained. 
HUILE D' AM ANDES, Oleum amygdalarum 
- A. d'Aneth, see Anethum graveolens - A. Ani- 
mate, Oleum animale - A. Animate de Dippel, 
Oleum animale Dippelii - A. Animalisee par in- 
fusion, Oleum animalizatum per infusionem - A. 
d'Anis, see Pimpinella anisum - A. Aromatique, 
Oleum animalizatum per infusionem - A. d'Au- 
rone, Artemisia abrotanum (oil of)-A. de Cacao, 
Butter of cacao - A. de Cade, see Juniperus oxy- 
cedrus - A. de Carvi, Carum (oil) - A. de Cedrat, 
Oleum cedrinum - A. de petite Chiens, Oleum 
animalizatum per infusionem - A. de Come de 
Cerf, Oleum animale Dippelii - A. de Foie de Mo- 
rue, Oleum Jecoris aselli - A. de Gabiau, Petro- 
lamm- A. de Gerofle, see Eugenia caryophyllata 
- A. de Laurier, Unguentum laurinum - A. de 
Lin, see Linum usitatissimum - A. de Lis, see 
Lilium candidum - A. de Morelle, see Solanum- 
A. de Morue, Oleum jecinoris aselli-A. de Noix, 
see Juglans cinerea - A. d'(Eillette, Papaver 
(oil)-A. de Ricin, see Ricinus communis - A. de 
Succin, see Succinum - A. Verte, Balsam, green, 
of Metz-A. de Vin douce, Oleum sethereum. 
HUILES ANIMALES, Olea animalia - A 
Empyreumatiques, Olea empyreumatiea-A. Es- 
sentielles, Olea volatilia - A. Fixes ou Grasses 
Olea fixa-A. Fugaces, Olea fugacia - A. Medi 
cinales, Olea medicinalia-A. Volatiles, Olea vo- 
latilia. 
HUIT DE CHIFFRE. Figure of 8. A Vam 
dage in which the turns are crossed in the for>7 
of the figure 8. Such is the bandage used d.i,. 
bleeding from the arm. 
HUITO, Genipa oblongifolia. 
HUITRE, Ostrea. 
HUM, VENOUS, Bruit de diable. 
HUMBLE, Rectus inferior ocr.li, 
HUMECTAN'TIA. A name furmeiiv gi/cw 
to drinks, which appeared to pofcjeej the zr'perV 
of augmenting the fluidic? of th, h'.ood. 
HU'MERAL, Humera Us. That which belongs 
to, or is connected with, ckj arm or humerus. 
Hu'meral Ar'tery, Avte'ria humera'lis, see 
Brachial artery. 
HUMERO-CUBITAL, Brachialis anterior - 
A. Sus-mltacarpien, see Radialis - A. Sus-radial, 
Supinator radii longus. 
Sea'pula, Omos, Armus, (F.) 
Epaule. The most elevated part of 'he arm. 
The bones, which concur in forming it, are: 
the scapula, head of the humerus, and the clavi- 
cle, united together by strong ligaments, and co- 
vered by numerous muscles. 
Hu'merus, Os hu'meri, Os bra'chii, Os adju- 
to'rium, Os brachia'le, Bra'chium, Lacer'tus, is 
the cylindrical, irregular bone of the arm; the 
upper extremity of which has a hemispherical head 
connected with the scapula; and two tuberosities 
or tubercles, a greater and lesser, for the attach- HU ME UR 
ment of muscles, between which is the Bicip'ital 
groove or Fossa. At the inferior extremity may 
be remarked - the inner condyle, the outer con- 
dyle; the small head, which is articulated with 
the radius; the trochlea articulated with the ulna, 
<tc. The humerus is developed by seven points 
of ossification: - one for the body; one for the 
head; one for the greater tuberosity; one for the 
trochlea; one for the epitrochlea; one for the epi- 
condyle ; and another for the lesser head. 
Humerus Summus, Acromion. 
HUM EUR AQUEUSE, Aqueous humour - 
A. Crystalline, Crystalline - h. Hyalo'ide, Corpus 
vitreum. 
HUMEURS FROIDES, Scrofula. 
HUMIDE RADICALE, Humidum radicale. 
HUMIDUM NATIVUM, H. radicale-h. Na- 
tivum Articulorum, Synovia - h. Primigenium, 
II. radicale. 
Hu'midum Radica'lE, Hu'midumprimige'nium 
seu Nati'vum seu Semina'le, Radical Moisture, 
(F.) Humide radicale. Names formerly given to 
the liquid which was conceived to give flexibility 
and proper consistence to the different organic 
textures. 
Humidum Seminale, H. radicale. 
HUMILIS, Rectus inferior oculi. 
HUMILUS, Humulus lupulus. 
HUMOR, Humour-h. Albugineous, Aqueous 
humour-h. Articularis, Synovia-h. Ceruminous, 
Cerumen-h. Doridis, Water, sea-h. Genitalis, 
Sperm-h. Glacialis, Crystalline, Corpus vitreum 
- h. Hyalinus seu Hyaloides, Corpus vitreum - 
h. Lacteus, Milk-h. Lachrymalis, Tear-h. Me- 
lancholicus, see Mercurialis-h. Mercurialis, see 
Mercurialis-h. Morgagnianus, Morgagni, humor 
of-h. Ovatus, Aqueous humour - h. Oviformis, 
Aqueous humour-h. Pericardii, see Pericardium 
- h. Purulentus, Pus-h. Seminalis, Sperm - h. 
Venereus, Sperm -h. Vitreus, Corpus vitreum. 
HU'MORAL, Humora'lis, from humere, 'to 
moisten.' Proceeding from, or connected with, 
the humours. 
HU'MORISM, Hu'moral Pathol'ogy, Patho- 
log"ia humera'lis. A medical theory, founded 
exclusively on the parts which the humours were 
considered to play in the production of disease. 
Although traces of this system may be found in 
the most remote antiquity, the creation, or, at all 
events, the arrangement of it may be attributed 
to Galen, who enveloped it in metaphysical sub- 
tleties relating to the union between the elements 
and the four cardinal humours. 
HU'MORISTS. The Galenical physicians, who 
attributed all diseases to the depraved state of the 
humours, or to vicious juices collected in the body. 
HUMOUR, Humor, Hygra'sia, Hygre'don, 
Hygrum. Every fluid substance of an organized 
body; - as the blood, chyle, lymph, <tc. The 
Humours, xvfol> Chymi, Humo'res, differ consi- 
derably as to number and quality in the different 
species of organized beings; and even in the 
same species, according to the state of health or 
disease. The ancients reduced them to four; 
which they called car'dinal humours:-the blood, 
phlegm, yellow bile, and atrabilis or black bile. 
A modern classification of the humours is given 
under Fluid. 
HUMP. Perhaps from umbo, ' the boss of a 
buckler.' Hunch, Gibber, Gibbus, Gibba, Tuber, 
(F.) Bosse. A prominence, formed by a devia- 
tion of the bones of the trunk. Commonly, it is 
formed by the spine or sternum, and is seated at 
the posterior or anterior part of the trunk. It 
may, also, be produced by deviation of the ribs 
or pelvis. The spine may be curved in three 
principal directions. 1. Backwards, the most 
common case; this the ancients called 
446 
HYALOID 
Cypho'sis, Gibbos'itas. 2. Forwards, Xopiuisu, Lor- 
do'sis, Recurva'tio; and, 3. Laterally, aroXiaxrif, 
Scolio'sis, Obstipa'tio. Most curvatures occur at 
a very early age, and are caused by scrofula, 
rickets, Ac.; and, not unfrequently, they are 
accompanied by caries of the vertebra). See Ver- 
tebral disease. 
HU'MULUS LU'PULUS, Lu'pulus, L. scan- 
dens seu cownu'tiw sen salicta'rius, Humulus, Con- 
vol'vulus peren'nis, the Hop-plant. Nat. Ord. Ur- 
ticese. (F.) Houblon, Vigne du nord. Its cones 
or strobiles, Hu'muli strob'ili (Ph. L.), Humulus 
(Ph. U. S.), have a fragrant odour; and a bitter, 
aromatic taste, depending on a peculiar principle, 
named Lu'pulin, extractive and essential oil, 
which may be extracted, equally, by water and 
spirit, from the dried strobiles. The hop is em- 
ployed as a tonic and hypnotic, and enters into 
the composition of ale and beer. 
The Hop pillow, Pulvi'nar Hu'muli, has long 
been used for producing sleep. 
HUNCH, Hump. 
HUNGARICA FEBRIS, Fever, Hungary. 
HUNGER, Anglo-Saxon, hunjen, Fames, Li- 
mos, Peine, Peina, Esu'ries, Jeju'nium, Jeju' nitas, 
Esurit"io, Esuri'go, (F.) Faim. The necessity 
for taking food. Hunger is an internal sensation, 
which some authors have attributed to the fric- 
tion between the sides of the stomach in its 
empty state; others, to the compression of the 
nerves, when the organ is contracted; others, to 
the action of the gastric juice, Ac. It is dictated 
by the wants of the system : - farther we know 
not. See Appetite. 
HUNGER-CURE, Limotherapeia. 
HUNGRY, Famel'icus, Li'micus, Limo'des; 
same etymon. Affected with hunger. 
HURA BRASILIEN'SIS, Assacou, Assach, 
Ussacu. A Brazilian tree, of the Family Euphor- 
biaceae, which, in the form of the extract of the 
bark, is esteemed a specific in leprosy. It is, 
also, given in elephantiasis, and as an anthel- 
mintic. 
HYACINTH, WILD, Scilla esculenta. 
HYACINTHUS MUSCARI, Bulbus vomi 
torius. 
HYJENAN'CHS GLOBO'SA. An arborescent 
shrub of South Africa, Nat. Ord. Euphorbia ceae, 
the fruit of which, pounded, is used to destroy 
hyaenas and other beasts of prey, and seems to 
contain strychnia. 
H YALE US, Hyaline. 
HY'ALINE, Hyali'nus, Hyale'us, Vit'reus. 
Vit'reous. Glassy. Resembling glass. 
Hyaline Substance, Cytoblastema. 
HYALI'TIS, Injlamma'tio tu'nica hyalo'idece, 
from hyaloid, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the hyaloid membrane of the eye. 
HY'ALOID, Hyalo'des, Hyalo'i'des, from 'vaAoy, 
'glass,' and ttioi, 'resemblance.' Vitriform; re- 
sembling glass. 
Hyaloid Canal, see Hyaloid membrane. 
Hyaloid Fossa, Fossa Hyalo'idea, is a cup- 
like excavation in the vitreous humour, in which 
the crystalline is imbedded. 
Hy'aloid Membrane, Tu'nica Hyalo'idea,Mem- 
bra'na Arachnoi'dea, T. vit'rea, is the extremely 
delicate membrane, which forms the exterior co- 
vering of the vitreous humour, and transmits 
within it prolongations, which divide it into cells. 
Fallopius discovered this membrane, and gave it 
the name Hyaloid. On a level with the entrance 
of the optic nerve into the eye, the hyaloid 
membrane has been described as forming, by re- 
flection, a cylindrical canal, which pierces the 
vitreous humour from behind to before, as far as 
the posterior part of the crystalline. See Canal, 
hyaloid HYALONIXIS 
HYALONIXIS, see Cataract. 
HYALONYXIS, see Cataract. 
HYALOS, Vitrum. 
HYANCHE, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
HYBOMA, Gibbositas. 
HYBRID, (F.) Hybride, from the Greek, 'vffpis, 
'vflpibos, ' mongrel.' A being born of two differ- 
ent species, - as the mule. The term is applied 
to plants as well as to animals. The result is 
termed Hybridity. Hybrid is often, also, used to 
designate words which are formed from two dif- 
ferent languages, - as uter-ftts, for inflammation 
of the uterus, in place of metritis. 
HYBRIDITY, see Hybrid. 
HYDARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
HYDARTHRUS, Hydrarthrus. 
HY'DATID, Hy'datis, Bulla, Aqu'ula, Hy- 
dro'a, Hydrocys'tis, Hygrocys'tis, Tcenia hyda- 
tig"ena, Echinococ'cuB huma'nus, from 'vSuip, 'wa- 
ter.' This name was long given to every en- 
cysted tumour which contained an aqueous and 
transparent fluid. Many pathologists, subse- 
quently, applied it to vesicles, softer than the 
tissue of membranes, more or less transparent, 
which are developed within organs, but without 
adhering to their tissue. It is by no means clear 
that these formations are really entozoa. They 
have been found in various parts of the body ; 
sometimes in the uterus, occasioning signs nearly 
similar to those of pregnancy, but being sooner 
or later expelled. The expulsion is generally at- 
tended with more or less hemorrhage. See Ace- 
phalocystis. 
Hydatis, Aqu'ula, Phlycta'nula, Verru'ca Pal- 
pebra'runi, Milium, also, meant a small, transpa- 
rent tumour of the eyelids.-Galen, C. Hoffmann. 
HYDATIDES CERVICIS UTERI, Nabothi 
glandulaj. 
HYDATIDOCE'Lfi, Hydatoce'le, from 'viaris, 
'hydatid,' and rr/Xr), 'a tumour.' Oscheocele 
containing hydatids ; the Oscheoce'le hydatido'sa, 
Hydatidoscheoce'le of Sauvagcs. 
HYDATIDOIDES, Hydatoid. 
HYDATIDO'MA, from 'vtans, 'hydatid.' A 
tumour caused by hydatids. 
HYDATIDOSCHEOCELE, Hydatidocele. 
HYDATINUS, Hydatoid. 
HYDATIS FINNA, Cysticercus cellulosae. 
HYDATIS'MUS, from 'viwp, 'water.' The 
noise caused by the fluctuation of pus contained 
in an abscess.-Aurelian, Foesius. 
HYDATOCELE Hydatidocele, Hydrocele. 
HYDATOCH'OLOS, from 'viwp, 'water,' and 
'bile.' Aquoso-bilious. An epithet given 
to evacuated matters when mixed with water and 
bile.-Hippocrates, Foesius. 
HYDATODES, Aqueous. 
HY'DATOID, Hydatoi'des, A'queous, Aquo'- 
sus, Hydato'des, Hydat'inus, Hydatido'des, Hy- 
datiddi'des, from 't>3ap, 'water,' and eiboi, 're- 
semblance.' Watery. Resembling water. This 
name has been given to the membrane of the 
aqueous humour; and, also, to the aqueous hu- 
mour itself. Vinum hydato'des ; wine and water. 
HYDATONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
HYDATOPO'SIA, from 'u&up, 'water,' and 
roaif, 'drinking. Water-drinking;-hence 
HYDATOP'OTES. A water-drinker. 
HYDERICUS, Hydropic. 
HYDERODES, Hydropic. 
HYDERONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
HYDEROS, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
HYDOR, 'v<5wp, and Hydas, 'viai, 'genitive,' 
'vtaros, ' water.' Hence: 
HYDRACHNIS, see Varicella. 
HYDRADEN, Conglobate gland. 
447 
HYDRARGYRI 
- 
HYDRADENI'TIS,.Zn/?a»ima'fio (/ZancZuZa'rKm 
lymphatica'rum, from Hydraden, ' a lymphatic 
gland/ and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of a lymphatic gland. 
HYDRAS'DUS, from 'viwp, 'water/ and aiHoia, 
'genital organs.' (Edema of the female organs. 
HYDRJEMIA, Hydroaamia. 
HYDRAGOGA, Hydragogues. 
HYDRAGOGIA, Hydragogues. 
HYDRAGOGICA, Hydragogues. 
HY'DRAGOGUES, Hydrago'ga, Hydrago'gia, 
Hydrago'gica, Hydrop'ica, Hydrot'ica, Aquidu'- 
ca, from 'u<5a>p, ' water/ and ayw, ' I expel.' Me- 
dicines believed to be capable of expelling serum 
effused into any part of the body. These are 
generally cathartics or diuretics. 
HYDRAGOGUM BOYLEI, Argenti nitras. 
HYDRALLANTE, False Waters. 
HYDRALMjE, Waters, mineral (saline). 
HYDRAM'NIOS, from 'v<5a>p, ' water/ and 
'amnios.' An excessive quantity of the liquor 
amnii. 
HYDRAN'GEA ARBORES'CENS, Wild Hy- 
dran'gea, Bissum. An indigenous plant, which 
flowers in July. The leaves are said to be tonic, 
sialagogue, cathartic, and diuretic. 
HYDRANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
HYDRANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
HYDRANGIOGRAPHIA, Angeiohydrogra- 
phy. 
HYDRANGIOTOMIA, Angeiohydrotomy. 
HYDRARGYRANATRIP'SIS, Hydrargyren- 
trip'sis, from Mpapyvpoy, ' quicksilver/ and ava- 
rpi4<;, 'rubbing in.' The rubbing in of a prepa- 
ration of quicksilver :-Hydrargyrotrip'sis. 
HYDRARGYRENTRIPSIS, Hydrargyrana- 
tripsis. 
HYDRARGYRI ACETAS, Hydrargyrus ace- 
tatus-h. Bichloridum, H. oxymurias-h. Bicya- 
nidum, H. cyanuretum-h. Biniodidum, H. iodi- 
dum rubrum-h. Binoxydum, H. oxydum rubrum 
-h. Bisulphuretum, H. sulphuretum rubrum-h. 
Borussias, H. cyanuretum - h. Bromidum, see 
Bromine - h. Calx alba, Hydrargyrum praecipi- 
tatum-h. Chloridum, H. submurias - h. Chlori- 
dum corrosivum, H. Oxymurias - h. Chloridum 
mite, H. submurias. 
Hydrar'gyri Cyanure'tum, H. Boras'sias, H. 
Bicyan'idum, Hydrar'gyrum Cyanogena'tum, H. 
Hydrocyan'icum, Prussias Hydrar'gyri, Cyan'u- 
ret or Prussiate of Mercury, (F.) Cyanure de Mer- 
cure. (Ferri Ferro-cyanuret. 5 iv; Hy drarg. oxid. 
vel q. s.; Aquas destillat. Oiij. Put 
the ferro-cyanuret and three ounces of the oxide 
of mercury, previously powdered and thoroughly 
mixed together, into a glass vessel, and pour on 
two pints of the distilled water. Boil the mix- 
ture, stirring constantly; and if, at the end of 
half an hour, the blue color remains, add small 
portions of the oxide of mercury, continuing the 
ebullition until the mixture becomes of a yellow- 
ish colour; then filter through paper. Wash the 
residue in a pint of the distilled water, and filter. 
Mix the solution and evaporate till a pellicle ap- 
pears, and set the liquor aside, that crystals may 
form. To purify the crystals, subject it to re- 
solution, evaporation, and crystallization. - Ph. 
U. S.) This preparation has been strongly re- 
commended as a powerful antisyphilitic, and is 
admitted into the Parisian codex. Twelve to 
twenty-four grains may be dissolved in a quart 
of distilled water, and three or four spoonfuls of 
the solution be taken daily, in a glass of any ap- 
propriate liquid. 
Hydrargyri Deuto-iodidum, H. lodidum ru- 
brum. HYDRARGYRI 
Hydrargyri Deuto-ioduretum, see Iodine- 
h. Hyperoxodes, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydutn. 
IIydrargyri Iod'idum, H. Protoiod'idum seu 
Proto-iodure'tum seu Subiod'idum, Hydrar'gy- 
rum loda'tum flavum, Iod'idum seu lodure'tum 
hydrargyro' sum, Hydrar'gyrum iodidula'tum, 
P rotoiodure' turn mercu'rii, I'odide or Proti'odide 
of Mercury, (F.) Protiodure de Mercure, (Hy- 
drarg. lodin. SJv, Alcohol q. s. Rub the mer- 
cury and iodine together, adding sufficient alco- 
hol to form a soft paste, and continue the tritura- 
tion till the globules disappear. Dry the iodide 
in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep it in a 
well-stopped bottle, the light excluded. - Ph. U. 
8.) For properties and doses, see Iodine. 
Hydrargyri, Iodidum Chloridi, Mercury, 
iodide of chloride of. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, H. Biniod'- 
idum seu Deuto-iod'idum seu Deuto-iodure'turn 
seu Period'idum, Hydrarg'yrum ioda'tum rubrum 
seu Biioda'tum seu Perioda'tum, lode'tum seu 
Iod'idum Hydrargyr'icum, Deuto-iodure'turn mer- 
cu'rii, Red I'odide, Bini'odide, Deuti'odide and 
Peri'odide of Mercury, (F.) Deutiddure ou Peri- 
odure de Mercure. (Hydrarg. corros. chlorid. 
Potassii lodid. Aqua destillat. Oij. Dissolve 
the chloride in a pint and a half, and the iodide 
of potassium in half a pint of distilled water, and 
mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a 
filter, and, having washed it with distilled water, 
dry it with a moderate heat, and keep it in a 
well-stopped bottle.-Ph. U. 8.) For properties 
and doses, see Iodine. 
Hydrargyri Murias basi Oxydi imperfecti, 
II. oxyinurias-h. Murias corrosivum, II. oxymu- 
rias - h. Murias dulcis sublimatus, H. submurias 
-h. Oxygenatus, H. Oxymurias-h. Murias spi- 
rituosus liquidus, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis 
-h. Murias suboxygenatus praecipitatione para- 
tns, Hydrargyrum precipitatum. 
Hydrargyri Nitras, Mitras Hydrar'gyri in 
crystallos concre'tus, Nitrate of Mercury. It is 
employed in syphilis; and, externally, in fun- 
gous, obstinate ulcers. 
It is used in the formation of the Soluble Mer- 
cury of Hahnemann. 
An acid nitrate of mercury, Liquor Hydrar'- 
gyri supernitra'tis, Solution of supernitrate of 
mercury, Solution of supernitrate of deutoxide of 
mercury, made by dissolving four parts of mercury 
in eight of nitric acid, and evaporating the solu- 
tion to nine parts, has been used as a caustic in 
malignant ulcerations and cancerous affections. 
Ward's White Drops,-a once celebrated anti- 
scorbutic nostrum,-were prepared by dissolving 
mercury in nitric acid, and adding a solution of 
carbonate of ammonia; or, frequently, they con- 
sisted of a solution of sublimate with carbonate of 
ammon la. 
Hydrargyri Ni'trico-OXYDUM, Hydrargyrus 
nitra'tus ruber, Mercu'rius corrosi'vus ruber, Mer- 
curius prcecipita'tus corrosi'vus, M. prcecipita'tus 
ruber, Area'num coralli'num, Mercurius coralli'- 
nus, Pul'vis prin'eipis, Prcecipita'tus ruber, Ox'- 
ydum hydrar'gyri comple'turn, 0. hydrargyr'icum, 
Panace'a mercu'rii rubra, Pulvis Joan'nis de 
Vigo, Oxo'des hydrargyri rubrum, Hyperoxo'des 
hydrargyri, Ox'ydumhydrar'gyri nit'ricum, Oxy- 
dumhydrargyri rubrum per ac" idumnit' ricum,Hy- 
drar'gyri oxydum rubrum, (Ph. U. S.) Nitric ox- 
ide of mercury, Red precip'itate, (F.) Oxide ni- 
trique de mercure. (Hydrarg. gxxxvj; Acid, ni- 
tric. Aqua Oij. Dissolve the mercury 
with a gentle heat, in the acid and water pre- 
viously mixed, and evaporate to dryness. Rub 
into powder, and heat in a very shallow vessel 
till red vapours cease to rise.-Ph. U. S.) It is 
a stimulant and escharotic, and used as such in 
448 
HYDRARGYRI 
foul ulcers, being sprinkled on the part in fine 
powder, or united with lard into an ointment. 
Hydrargyri Oxodes Rubrum, Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum-h. Oxydi murias ammoniaealis, 
Hydrargyrum praecipitatum- h. Oxyduluin ni- 
grum, H. Oxydum cinereum. 
Hydrargyri Oxydum Cine'reum, Oxydum 
hydrargyri nigrum, xEthiops per se, Mercu'rius 
niger Mosca'ti, Oxydum hydrargyro'sum, Oxydum 
hydrargyr'icum pracipita'tum, Oxyd' ulum hy- 
drar'gyri nigrum, Pulvis mercuria'lis cine'reus, 
Mercurius cine'reus, Turpe'thum nigrum, Mercu- 
rius prcBcipita'tus niger, Gray or Black oxide of 
Mercury, (F.) Oxide de mercure cendre, Oxide 
gris ou noir de mercure, Protoxide de mercure. 
This oxide is made in various ways. It may be 
formed by boiling submuriate of mercury in lime 
water. The dose of this Pulvis Hydrargyri cine- 
reus is from two to ten grains. There are four 
other preparations of it in estimation, viz: - 
Plenck's solution, made by rubbing mercury with 
mucilage. 2. By rubbing equal parts of sugar 
and mercury together. 3. A compound of honey 
or liquorice and purified mercury. 4. The blue 
pill and ointment. All these possess the usual 
properties of mercury. 
The Hydrargyri Oxidum Nigrum of the Ph. U. 
S. is made as follows : - Hydrarg. Chlorid. mit., 
Potassce, aa Aguee Oj. Dissolve the potassa 
in the water, allow the dregs to subside, and pour 
off the clear solution. To this add the chloride, 
and stir constantly till the black oxide is formed. 
Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the black 
oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle 
heat. 
The Mercurius solu'bilis of Hahnemann is 
formed from a black oxide of mercury. It is the 
Mercurius solu'bilis Hahneman'ni seu oxydum. hy- 
drargyri nigri median'te ammo'nid ex protoni- 
tra'te hydrar'gyri pracipita' turn. It is used in 
the same cases as the Hydrargyri oxydum cine- 
reum. 
Hydrargyri Oxydum Nigrum, II. oxydum 
cinereum - h. Oxydum nigrum mediante ammo- 
nia et protonitrate hydrargyri praecipitatum, see 
II. oxydum cinereum-h. Oxydum nitricum, Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum, H. Binox'y- 
dum, Mercurius calcina'tus, Hydrar'gyrus calci- 
natus, (F.) Oxide de Mercure rouge, Bed oxide 
of mer'eury. (Made by precipitation from a so- 
lution of bichloride of mercury by solution of 
potassa.) See Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
It is stimulant and escharotic; and, in large 
doses, emetic. Owing to the violence of its ope- 
ration, it is seldom given internally. 
Hydrargyri Oxydum Rubrum per Acidum 
Nitricum, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum-h. Oxy- 
dum saccharatum, Hydrargyrum saccharatum- 
h. Oxydum sulpburicum, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus. 
Hydrargyri Oxymu'rias, H. Chlo'ridum Cor- 
rosi'vum, (Ph. U. S.) H. Bichlo'ridum, Hydrar'- 
gyrus muria'tus, Mu'rias hydrargyri corrosi'vus, 
Murias hydrargyri oxygena'tus, Sublima'tus cor- 
rosivus, Mercurius corrosivus, Mercurius corrosi- 
vus sublima'tus, Hydrargyri permu'rias, Supcr- 
mu'rias hydrargyri, Murias hydrargyri basi ox- 
ydi imperfec'ti, Murias hydrargyri corrosimim, 
(F.) Beutochlorure de mercure, Bichloride de mer- 
cure, Muriate oxy gene de mercure, Sublimt corro- 
&if; Bichlo'ride of mercury, Oxymuriate of mer- 
cury, Corrosive sublimate, Corrosive muriate of 
mercury. (Hydrarg. tbij, Acid. Sulphur. Ibiij, 
Sodii Chlorid. ibiss. Boil the mercury with the 
sulphuric acid until the sulphate of mercury is 
left dry. Rub this, when cold, with the chloride 
of sodium, in an earthenware mortar; then sub- 
lime with a gradually increasing heat.-Ph. U. S.) HYDRARGYRI 
It is used as an antisyphilitic stimulant in vene- 
real complaints, old cutaneous affections, <fcc. 
Gr. iij to Oj of water is a good gargle in venereal 
eore-throats, or an injection in gonorrhoea. Ex- 
ternally, it is applied in cases of tetter, and to 
destroy fungus, or stimulate old ulcers. Dose, 
gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-8, in pill, once in twenty-four 
hours. White of egg is the best antidote to it, 
when taken in an overdose. 
Hydrargyri Periodidum, H. lodidum rubrum 
-h. Permurias, Hydrargyri oxymurias-h. Pro- 
to-iodidum, II. lodidum-h. Proto-ioduretum, II. 
lodidum-h. Proto-tartras, IL tartras-h. Prus- 
sias, H. cyanuretum-h. Saccharum vermifugum, 
Hydrargyrum saccharatum - h. Subchloridum, 
II. Submurias-h. Subiodidum, II. lodidum. 
• Hydrargyri Submu'rias, //. Chlor'idum, H. 
Subchlor'idum, H. Chlor'idum mite (Ph. U. S.), 
Calom'elas, Calom'eli, Hydrar'gyrum muriat'icum 
mite, C. Torqueti, Draco mitiga'tus, Submu'rias 
hydrargyri mitis, Submu'rias Hydrargyri subli- 
ma'tum, Mercu'rius dulcis, M. dulcis sublima' tus ; 
- when precipitated, M. dulcis precipita'tus,- 
Panace'aMercuria'Us (when nine times sublimed), 
Murias hydrargyri dulcis sublima'tus, Mercurius 
sublimatus dulcis, Mercu'rius Zo'ticus Hartmanni, 
Aq'uila, Manna Metallo'rum, Punchy mago'gum 
minera'le, P. Querceta'nus, mild Chloride, proto- 
chloride, submuriate, subchloride, or mild Muriate 
of Mercury, Oal'omel, (F.) Mercure doux, Proto- 
chlorure de mercure. Mild chloride of mercury 
is thus directed to be prepared in the Pharmaco- 
poeia of the United States:-Mercury, ibiv; Sul- 
phuric Acid, lbiij ; Chloride of Sodium, Tbiss; 
Distilled water, a sufficient quantity. Boil two 
pounds of the mercury with the sulphuric acid, 
until the sulphate of mercury is left dry. Rub 
this, when cold, with the remainder of the mer- 
cury, in an earthenware mortar, until they are 
thoroughly mixed. Then add the chloride of 
sodium, and rub it with the other ingredients till 
all the globules disappear: afterwards sublime. 
Reduce the sublimed matter to a very fine pow- 
der, and wash it frequently with boiling distilled 
water, till the washings afford no precipitate upon 
the addition of liquid ammonia; then dry it. 
Properties. Antisyphilitic and sialagogue: in 
large doses, purgative. Dose:-one or two grains 
given at night gradually excite ptyalism. Gr. v 
to xx, purge. Children bear larger doses than 
adults. 
The Black Wash, Lo'tio Hydrar'gyri nigra, 
is formed of calomel, ; Lime-water, Oj. Used 
for syphilitic sores. 
Hydrargyri Submurias Ammoniatum, Hy- 
drargyrum praecipitatum - h. Subsulphas fiavus, 
Hydrargyrus vitriolatus- h. Subsulphas peroxi- 
dati, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus - h. Sulphas, Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus, II. S. fiavus, Hydrargyrus 
vitriolatus. 
Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Nigrum, H. sul- 
phure'tum cum sul'phure, Hydrargyrus vel mer- 
curius cum sul'phure, xEthiops minera'lis, Hy- 
drargyrus e sul'phure, Pulvis hypnot'icus, xEthiops 
narcot'icus, (F.) Sulfure de mercure noir, Black 
sulphuret of mercury, Sulphuret of mercury with 
sulphur, Ethiops mineral. (Hydrarg., Sulphur, 
aa tbj. Rub together till the globules disappear.) 
Used chiefly in scrofulous and cutaneous affec- 
tions. Dose, gr. x to gss. 
Hydrargyri Sulphure'tum Rubrum, H. Bi- 
sulphuretum, Hydrargyrus sulphura'tus ruber, 
Min'iumpurum, Minium Graeco'rum, Magnes Epi- 
lep'siae, Ammion, Purpuris'sum, Cinnab'aris, Mer- 
curius Cinnabari'nus, Cinab'aris, Oinaba'rium, 
Bisulphuret or Bed Sulphuret of Mercury, Cin'- 
nabar, Vermil'ion, (F.) Sulphure de Mercure rouge, 
Cinabre. (Hydrarg. Sulphur, Mix 
449 
HYDRARGYRUM 
the mercury with the sulphur melted over the 
fire; and as soon as the mass begins to swell re- 
move the vessel from the fire, and cover it with 
considerable force to prevent combustion. Rub 
the mass into powder and sublime. (Ph. U. S.) 
It is an antisyphilitic, but is chiefly used in 
fumigation against venereal ulcers of the nose, 
mouth, and throat;-3SS being thrown on a red- 
hot iron. This preparation is the basis of a nos- 
trum, called Boerhaave'g Red Pill. 
Hydrargyri Supermurias, H. oxymurias. 
Hydrargyri Tartras, H. Proto-tartrag, Tar- 
trate of mercury. Antisyphilitic. Dose, one or 
two grains twice a day. 
Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum, Arsenic 
and Mercury, iodide of. 
Hydrar'gyri et Proto-chlo'ridum, 
Protochloride of Mercury and Quinia. A com- 
bination of mild chloride of mercury and quinia, 
administered in obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
HYDRARGYRIA, Eczema mercuriale. 
HYDRARGYRI'ASIS, Hydrargyro'gig, Mer- 
curialig'mug, from 'vipapyvpos, 'mercury.' A 
disease induced by the use of mercury; Morbus 
Mercuria'lig. Poisoning by mercury. Eczema 
mercuriale. 
HYDRARGYRICUM, Mercurial. 
HYDRARGYRIUM, Mercurial. 
HYDRARGYROSIS, Eczema mercuriale, Hy- 
drargyriasis. 
IIYDRARGYRO-STOMATITIS, see Saliva- 
tion, mercurial, and Stomatitis, mercurial. 
HYDRARGYROTRIPSIS, Hydrargyra- 
natripsis. 
IIYDRAR'GYRUM, Hydrar'gyrus, from 'viwp, 
' water,' and apyvpos, ' silver;' Mercu'riug, Argen- 
tum vivum, A. mo'bile, A. fueum, A. fugiti'vum, 
A. liq'uidum, Misgadan, Fumue albus, Area arca- 
no'rum, Dce'dalus, Mater metallo'rum, Mercury, 
Quicksilver, (F.) Mercure, M. cru, Vif Argent. 
A fluid, brilliant metal; of a slightly bluish white 
colour; fluid above-39° of Fahr, and under 656°. 
S. g., when liquid, 13.568 (Cavendish); easily 
oxydized. Metallic quicksilver does not act on 
the body, even when taken into the stomach. 
When oxydized and combined with acids, it acts 
powerfully. It has been exhibited in cases of 
constriction of the bowels and in intussusception, 
from a notion that it must certainly pass through 
the bowels by its gravity. The water, in which 
mercury has been boiled, has been recommended 
as a vermifuge; but it probably enjoys no such 
property, as chemical tests do not exhibit the 
presence of the metal. When the crude metal is 
distilled in an iron retort, it forms the Hydrar'- 
gyrum purifica'tuni. 
Hydrargyrum Ammoniato-Muriaticum, II. 
prsecipitatum-h. Biiodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum 
rubrum-h. Biiodatum cum kalio iodato, Potassii 
hydrargyro-iodidum-h. Cyanogenatum, llydrar- 
gyri cyanuretum. 
Hydrargyrum cum CretA (Ph. U. S.), Uy- 
drargyrus cum creta, Mercurian alkalisa'tus, Mer- 
cury with chalk, (F.) Mercure avec la crate, Mi'thi- 
opg alcaliga'tus. (flydrarg. ; Cretcp. preepa- 
rat. £v. Rub them together till the globules 
disappear. Ph. U. S.) A protoxide of mercury, 
formed by trituration with carbonate of lime. It 
is somewhat uncertain: and consequently not 
much employed as 1 mercurial. It possesses the 
properties of the black oxide of mercury, and 
may be advantageously exhibited in cases of 
diarrhoea in children, dependent upon acidity 
and vitiated secretions. Dose, gr. v to Xss, twice 
a day, in any viscid substance. 
Hydrargyrum cum Magne'sia of the Dublin 
Pharmacopoeia resembles it in properties HYDRARGYRUS 
Hydrargyrum Hydrocyanicum, Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum-h. lodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum- 
h. lodatum cum chlorido Mercurii, Mercury, io- 
dide of chloride of-h. lodatum flavum, Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum-h. lodatum rubrum, Hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum - h. lodidulatum, Hydrargyri 
iodidum - h. Muriaticum Mite, Hydrargyri sub- 
murias-h. Periodatum, Hydrargyri iodidum ru- 
brum. 
Hydrargyrum PrtECIPita'tum, H. ammonia'- 
tum (Ph. U. S.), Hydrargyrum ammonia'to-muri- 
at'icum, Hydrar'gyri ammo'nio-chlo'ridum, Mer- 
curius cosmet'icus, Mu'rias oxidi hydrargyri am- 
moniaca'lis, Submu'rias ammoni' aco-hydrargyr' - 
icus, Calx Hydrargyri alba, Submu'rias Hydrar- 
gyri ammoniatum, S. H. Pracipita'tum, Murias 
hydrargyri Bub-oxygena'tuspracipitatio'ne para'- 
tus, Pracipita'turn album, Ammo'nio-chloride of 
Mercury, White precip'itate of Mercury, White 
precipitate, Calcina'tum magus Pote'rii, (F.) Sous- 
muriate de mercure precipite ou Pricipite blanc. 
[Hydrarg. chlorid. corros. ?vj ; aquae destillat. 
cong., Liquor ammonia, Dissolve the 
chloride in the water, with the aid of heat, and 
to the solution, when cold, add the solution of 
ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the preci- 
pitate till it is tasteless, and dry it.-Ph. U. S.) 
A peroxide, combined with muriatic acid and 
ammonia, forming a triple salt. It is used in 
powder, to destroy vermin; and, united with 
lard, for the same purpose, as well as in scabies 
and some other cutaneous affections. 
Hydrargyrum Sacchara'tum, xE'thiope sac- 
chara'tus, Mercu'rius sacchara'tus, Ox'idum hy- 
drargyri sacchara'tum, Sac'charum hydrargyri 
vermif'ugum. A mild mercurial formula in seve- 
ral of the Pharmacopoeias of continental Europe; 
formed by triturating one part of mercury with 
two of white sugar. It is used in the venereal 
affections of children. 
HYDRARGYRUS, Hydrargyrum. 
Hydrargyrus Aceta'tus, Sperma mercu'rii, 
Terra folia'ta mercurii, Mercurius aceta'tus, Hy- 
drargyri Ace'tas, Acetas vel Proto-ace'tas Hy- 
drargyri, Ac"etate of mercury. This was the 
basis of Keyser's pills, and was once much cele- 
brated in the cure of the venereal disease. The 
dose is from three to five grains, but it is not 
much used. 
The formula for Keyser's anti-venereal pills 
was as follows: - Hydrarg. Acet. §iv; Manna, 
§xxx; Amyl, 3jij; Muc. G. Trag. q. s. into pills 
of gr. vj each. Dose, two pills. 
Hydrargyrus Calcinatus, Hydrargyri oxy- 
dum rubrum - h. cum Hydrargyrum cum 
ereta- h. Muriatis, Hydrargyri oxymurias - h. 
Nitratus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
Hydrargyrus Phosphora'tus, Phosphuredted 
mercury. This preparation has been recom- 
mended in cases of inveterate venereal ulcers, 
but is now scarcely used. 
Hydrargyrus Sulphuratus Ruber, Hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum rubrum - h. cum Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum - h. e Sulphure, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
Hydrargyrus Vitriola'tus, Turpe'thum mi- 
nera'le, Mercurius emedicus flavus, Calx mercurii 
vitriola'ta, Mercurius caus'ticus flavus, M. lu'teus, 
Hydrargyri sulphas, H. S. flavus (Ph. U. 8.), Sub- 
sulphas Hydrargyri flavus, Oxydum hydrargyri 
sulphu'ricum, Subsul'phas hydrargyriperoxida'ti, 
Turbith min'eral, (F.) SouB-sulfate de mercure ou 
turbith mineral. [Hydrarg. giv; Acid. Sulph. 
Sjvj. Mix in a glass vessel, and boil in a sand- 
bath till a dry, white mass remains. Rub this 
into powder, and throw it into boiling water. 
Pour off the liquor, and wash the yellow, preci- 
pitated powder repeatedly with hot water; then 
450 
HYDRENTEROMPIIALOCELE 
dry it-Ph. U. S.) Two grains of this mercurial 
act on the stomach violently. It is sometimes 
recommended as an errhine in amaurosis. 
HYDRARTHRON, Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRARTHROS, Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRARTHROSIS, Hydrarthrus. 
HYDRAR'THRUS, Hydarthrus, Hydrar'thrus 
synovia'lis, Hydrops articulo'rum, Hydrarthron, 
Hydrar'thros, Melice'ria, Spina vento'sa of Rhazes 
and Avicenna, Arthri'tis Hydrar'thros, Hydar- 
throsis, Hydrarthro'sis, Emmyx'ium articula're, 
Tumor albus, White swelling ; from 'viinp, 'water,' 
and apSpov, 'a joint.' (F.) Tumeur blanche, T. 
lymphatique des articulations. The French sur- 
geons apply the term Hydrarthrus to dropsy of 
the articulations. White swelling is an extremely 
formidable disease. It may attack any one of 
the joints; but is most commonly met with in 
the knee, the haunch, the foot, the elbow, and 
generally occurs in scrofulous children. It con- 
sists, at times, in tumefaction, and softening of 
the soft parts and ligaments, which surround the 
joints; at others, in swelling and caries of the 
articular extremities of bones; or both these 
states may exist at the same time. The treat- 
ment consists in the employment of counter-irri- 
tants ; the use of iodine internally and externally, 
<fcc. Also, Synovia. 
HYDRAS'PIS EXPAN'SA, Great freshwater 
Tortoise. On the sandy banks of rivers in Peru 
this animal buries its eggs, from which the Indians 
extract oil. Its flesh supplies well-flavoured food. 
- Tschudi. 
HYDRASTIS, H. Canadensis. 
Hydras'tis Canaden'sis, Hydrastis, Warnera 
Canaden'sis, Hydrophyll'um verum, Yellow Hoot, 
Orange Root, Yellow Puccoon, Ground Rasp'- 
berry, Yellow Paint, Golden Seal, In'dian Paint, 
Eyebalm. It is used in Kentucky as a ' mouth 
water,' and as an outward application in wounds 
and local inflammations. 
HYDRELjE'ON, Hydroice'um, from 'viwp, 
' water,' and ihaiov, ' oil.' A mixture of water 
and oil. 
HYDRELYTRON, see Hydrocele. 
HYDREMA, (Edema. 
HYDRENCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus in- 
ternus. 
HYDRENCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus in- 
terims. 
HYDRENCEPHALOCE ' LE, Hydrocephalo- 
ce'le, from 'vbwp, 'water,' 'the ence- 
phalon,' and Kri'Xr), 'rupture, protrusion.' A mon- 
strosity in which there is a fissure of the cranium, 
the integument of the head being present, and 
forming a hernial sac in which the brain lies out- 
side the skull-the sac containing a large quan- 
tity of serous fluid. Also, Hydrocephalus chro- 
nicus. 
HYDRENCEPHALON, see Hydrocephalus 
chronieus. 
HYDRENCEPH'ALOID, from 'u<5wp, 'water,' 
£/K£0aXot, 'the brain,' and ciios, 'resemblance.' 
Resembling hydrencephalus. Hydrenceph' aloid 
disease, Spv'rious hydroceph'alus, Psendo-ence- 
phali'tis. Disorders of the bowels, and exhaus- 
tion in children, are at times attended with hy- 
drencephaloid symptoms. 
HYDRENCEPHALUS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
nus. 
HYDRENTEROCE'LE, from 'vimp, 'water,' 
tvrspov, 'intestine,' and Kr>Xii, 'a tumour.' Intes- 
tinal hernia, the sac of which encloses fluid. 
HYDRENTEROMPHALOCE'LE, Hydrente. 
rom'phalus, from 'vhwp, 'water,' cvrtpov, 'intes- 
tine,' ofi<pa\as, 'umbilicus,' and KijXr), 'rupture.' 
Umbilical hernia with intestine and water in the 
sac. HYDRENTEROMPHALUS 
HYDRENTEROMPHALUS, Hydrenterom- 
phalocele. 
HYDREPIGASTRIUM, see Ascites. 
HYDREPIPLOCE'LE, from 'viup, 'water,' 
tiriirXoov, 'omentum,' and Krfv, 'rupture.' Omen- 
tal hernia, with water in the sac. 
IIYD R E PIP LOM'PHALUS, Hydrepiplom- 
phaloce'le, from 'uiwp, ' water,' cirrrXoov, ' omen- 
tum,' and op0aXoy, 'umbilicus.' Umbilical her- 
nia, with omentum and water in the sac. 
HYDRETRUM, Ascites. 
IIYDRIASIS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
1IYDRIATER, see Hydropathic. 
HYDRI ATRIA, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDRIATRICA ARS, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDRIATRICUS, see Hydropathic. 
HYDRIATRUS, see Hydropathic. 
HYDRIODAS KALICUS, see Potassae hy- 
driodas. 
HYDRIODIC ACID, see Acid, hydriodic. 
HYDRO 'A, Hidro'a, Aqu'ula, Boa, Planta 
noctis, from 'u<5a>p, ' water.' An affection, which 
consists in an accumulation of water or serous 
fluid under the epidermis. Some have used hy- 
dro'a synonymously with sudamina; others with 
pemphigus. In the first case, it has generally, 
however, been written hidro'a, from 'i<5pwj, 
'sweat,' and in the latter hydro'a. See Hydatid. 
HYDROzE'MIA, Hydrce'mia; from 'vlu>p, 'wa- 
ter,' and 'aiya, ' blood.' Anaemia. The state of 
the blood in which the watery constituents are in 
excess. 
HYDRO AEROPLEURIE, Hydropneumo- 
thorax. 
HYDROA'RION, Hydrooph'oron, Hydro'd'- 
rium, Hydroova'rium, Hy'drops ova'rii, Asci'tes 
ovarii, A. sacca'tus, (F.) Hydropisie de I'ovaire, 
from 'v5a>p, ' water,* and uapiov, ' ovarium.' Dropsy 
of the ovarium. , 
HYDROATA, Sudamina. 
HYDROBLEPH'ARON, Hy'drops Pal'pebrce, 
Blepharoede'ma aquo'sum, (Ede'ma palpebra'- 
rum. An oedema or watery swelling of the eye- 
lids : from 'viwp, 'water," and (J\e<papov, 'eyelid.' 
HYDROCARDIA, Hydropericardium, see Pe- 
ricardium. 
HYDROCATARRHOPIIE 'SIS, Hydrocatar- 
rhoph'ia, from 'viup, 'water,' and KarappoQuv, 'to 
sip up.' Absorption of water from without. 
HYDROCE'LE, Hydrops Scroti, H. testiculo'- 
rum, Hydroscheoce'le, Hydatoce'le, Hydros'cheum, 
Hydror'chis, Hydroscheonie, (Alibert,) from 'vlrnip, 
'water,' and 'a tumour.' A term gene- 
rally applied to a collection of serous fluid in 
the areolar texture of the scrotum or in some 
of the coverings, either of the testicle or sper- 
matic cord. To the first of these varieties the 
names - External Hydrocele, H. oedemato'des, 
(F.) H. par infiltration have been given; and to 
the second, those of Hydroce'le inter'na, H. tu'- 
iiictE vagina'lis tes'tis, Hydrel'ytron, (F.) H. par 
(panchement. When the collection occurs in the 
envelope of the testicle, it is called H. of the 
tunica vaginalis; and the epithet congenital is 
added, when the interior of the membrane, in 
which it is situate, still communicates freely with 
the cavity of the abdomen. When it exists in the 
spermatic cord, it is called encysted, or diffused 
Hydrocele of the spermatic cord, as the case may 
be. The tumour of the distended scrotum is ob- 
long: greater below than above; indolent and 
semi-transparent. When it becomes inconve- 
niently large, the fluid may be evacuated by 
puncturing with a trocar, but, as it collects 
again, this operation can only be considered 
palliative. The radical cure consists, usually, in 
injecting, through the canula of the trocar, which 
has been left in, after puncturing, some irritating 
451 
HYDROCEPHALUS 
liquid, as wine. This is kept in the tunica vagi- 
nalis for a few minutes, and then withdrawn. 
The coat inflames; adhesion takes place, and the 
cavity is obliterated. 
Hydrocele of the Neck. A tumour, filled 
with a watery fluid, occupying some portion of 
the neck. 
Hydrocele Peritonei, Ascites - h. Spinalis, 
Hydrorachis. 
HYDROCENO'SIS, from 'vSwp, 'water,' and 
Kcviaaif, ' evacuation.' The evacuation of water 
morbidly accumulated in the body. 
HYDROCEPHALE, Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROCEPHALE AIGUE, Hydrocephalus 
internus. 
HYDROCEPHALITIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
nus. 
HYDROCEPHALIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
H YDR 0CE PHALOCELE, Hydreneephalo- 
cele. 
H YDR 0 CEP IIAL OE CT AS IE, Hydrocepha- 
lus chronicus. 
HYDROCEPH'ALUS, Hydroceph'alum, Hy- 
drocra'nia, Hydrocra 'nium, Hydrocephal'ium, 
Hydroceph'ale, Hydrops Cap'itis, H. Cer'ebri, 
from 'viwp, 'water,' and KtyaXn, 'the head.' 
Water in the head, Dropsy of the head, Dropsy 
of the brain. A collection of water within the 
head. It may be internal or external. 
Hydrocephalus Acutus, H. internus - h. 
Acutus senum, Apoplexy, serous-h. Adnatus, see 
H. chronicus-h. Congenitus, see H. chronicus- 
h. Externus, H. chronicus - h. Meningeus, H. 
internus. 
Hydrocephalus Chron'icus, Hydrencepha- 
loce'le, Hydrops Cap'itis, Hydrocephalus exter- 
nus, (F.) Hydrociphale, Hydrociphaloectasie, of 
some, may exist at birth. Hydrenceph'alon, Hy- 
drocephalus congen'itus seu adna'tus commonly 
commences at an early period of existence, and 
the accumulation of fluid gradually produces dis- 
tension of the brain, and of the skull, with sepa- 
ration of the sutures. It commonly proves fatal 
before puberty. 
Hydrocephalus Externus, (Ede'ma cap'itis, 
Cephalcede'ma of some, is a mere infiltration into 
the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the cranium. 
Hydrocephalus Inter'nus, Hydroceph'alus 
acu'tus, H. meninge'us, Hydrops cer'ebri, Ence- 
phala! gia hydrop'ica, Encephali'tis exsudato'ria, 
Encephali'tis seu Meningitis Infan'tum, Morbus 
cerebra'lis Whyt'tii, En'tero-cephalop'yra Infan'- 
tum, Hydrophlogo'sis Ventriculo'rum cer'ebri, En- 
cephaloch'ysis, Phrenic'ula hydrocephal'ica, Hy- 
drenceph'alus, Hydrencephali' tis, Hydrencephal'- 
ium, Hydrocephali'tis, Hydromeningltis, Febris 
Hydrocephal'ica, Apoplex'ia hydrocephal'ica, Ca- 
ms hydroceph'alus, Water Brain Fever, (F.) Hy- 
drocephale aigu'e, Fievre ciribrale des Enfans, is 
generally seated, according to modern observers, 
in the meninges and surface of the encephalon, 
and is a tuber'cular meningitis, Meningitis tu- 
berculo'sa, Encephalostrumo'sis, (F.) Miningite 
tuberculeuse ou granuleuse. It is observed par- 
ticularly in childhood. Its march is extremely 
acute and often very rapid; admitting, generally, 
however, of division into three stages. The symp- 
toms of the first stage are those of general febrile 
irritation, with head-ach, intolerance of light and 
sound, delirium, Ac. Those of the second, which 
generally denote that the inflammation has ended 
in effusion, are, great slowness of pulse, crying out 
as if in distress, moaning, dilated pupil, squint- 
ing, Ac.; and lastly, in the third stage -pro- 
found stupor, paralysis, convulsions, involuntary 
evacuations, quick pulse, and frequently death. 
The disease is of uncertain duration; sometimes, HYDROCIIAMAIMELUM 
destroying in two or three days; at others, ex- 
tending to two or three weeks. The prognosis 
is unfavourable. The treatment must be active 
during the stage of excitement, - precisely that 
which is necessary in phrenitis. In the second 
stage, the indication is;-to promote the absorp- 
tion of the effused fluid. This must be done by 
counter-irritants, and mercury, chiefly. On dis- 
section, water is generally found in the ventricles, 
or at the base of the brain; or there are evidences 
of previous vascular excitement, as effusions of 
coagulable lymph, &c. 
Hydrocephalus Spurius, Hydrencephaloid, 
(disease.) 
HYDROCHAMAIMELUM, Infusum anthemi- 
dis. 
HYDROCHEZIA, Diarrhoea serosa. 
HYDROCHLORATE D'OrR, see Gold. 
H Y D R 0 C H L 0 RI NAS NATRICUS, Soda, 
muriate of. 
HYDROCIIOLECYSTIS, Turgescentia vesi- 
culae felleae. 
HYDROCH'YSES, (G.) Hydrochysen,from 
'vriwp, ' water,' and %vais, ' effusion.' A family of 
diseases, according to the classification of Fuchs, 
in which there is a sudden effusion of serous fluid, 
as in serous apoplexy; hydrocephalus, Ac. 
HYDROCIRSOCE'LE, Hygrocirsoce'le, Hy- 
groce'le, from 'vdwp, 'water,' xipo-oj, 'varix,'and 
KrjXr), ' tumour.' A tumour, formed by the vari- 
cose distention of the veins of the spermatic cord, 
and by the accumulation of serous fluid in the 
areolar texture of the scrotum. 
HYDROCCELIA,Ascites. 
HYDROCOT'YLE CENTEL'LA. A South 
African plant, the roots and stalks of which are 
astringent; and used in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
Hydrocotyle Umbellatum, Acaricoba. 
HYDROCRANIA, Hydrocephalus. 
HYDROCRANIUM, Hydrocephalus. 
HY'DROCRITHE, Decoctum Hordei. 
HYDROCYAN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Hydrocy- 
an'icum ; from 'vSwp, 'water,' and Kvavog, 'blue.' 
Prussic Acid, Ac"idum Prus'sicum, A. Borus'- 
sicum, A. Zoot'icum, A. Zootin'icum, Cyanohy'- 
dric Acid, Cyanhy'dric Acid, (F.) Acide Hydro- 
cyanique ou Prussique. This acid exists in a 
great variety of native combinations in the vege- 
table kingdom, and imparts to them certain pro- 
perties, which have been long known and es- 
teemed ; as in the bitter almond, Cherry laurel, 
leaves of the Peach tree, kernels of fruit, pips of 
apples, <fcc. When concentrated, it is liquid, co- 
lourless, of a strong smell and taste, at first cool, 
afterwards burning. Its s. g. at 7° centigrade, is 
0.7058. It is very volatile, and enters into ebul- 
lition at 80° Fahr. It speedily undergoes de- 
composition, sometimes in less than an hour, and 
consists of a peculiar gazeous and highly inflam- 
mable compound of carbon and azote, to which 
the name Cyan'ogen has been assigned; and of 
hydrogen, which acts as the acidifying principle: 
hence its name Hydrocyanic acid. In the Phar- 
macopoeia of the United States, (1851,) two for- 
mulae for the preparation of the Ac"idum hydro- 
cyan'icum dilu'tum- Ac"idum hydrocyan'icum, 
Ph. U. S. of 1842 - are given; the one from the 
Ferro-cyanuret of Potassium; the other from the 
Cyanuret of Silver. According to Magendie, the 
acid, prepared after Scheele's method - the one 
in common use-is of irregular medicinal power: 
he, therefore, recommends Gay Lussac's acid, 
diluted with 6 times its volume, or 8.5 times its 
weight of distilled water, for medicinal purposes, 
and this he calls Medic"inal Prussic Acid. Dr. 
Ure has proposed, that the specific gravity should 
indicate that which is proper for medicinal exhi- 
bition; and, after comparative experiments of the 
452 
HYDROGEN 
gravity of the acids, obtained by different pro- 
cesses, he states, that the acid, usually prescribed, 
is of s. g. 0.996 or 0.997. Great caution is, how- 
ever, necessary. One drop of pure prussic acid 
may instantly destroy, and the animal show 
hardly any traces of irritability, a few moments 
after death. It has been advised in laryngeal 
phthisis, in pulmonary phthisis, pulmonary in- 
flammation and irritation, dyspepsia, uterine affec- 
tions, hectic cough, cancer, chronic rheumatism, 
and mania, and as a local remedy in impetiginous 
affections; but, although possessed of powerful 
sedative properties, it is so unmanageable and 
the preparation so uncertain, that it is not much 
used. The Dose of Scheele's Acid, or of the Me- 
dicinal Prussic Acid, is from a quarter of a drop 
to two drops. 
HYDROCYS'TIS, from 'iMo>p, 'water,' and 
kvctis, ' a bladder.' A cyst containing a watery 
or serous fluid. An hydatid. Also, saccated 
ascites. 
HYDRODERMA, Anasarca. 
HYDRODES, Aqueous. 
HYDRODIARRHCEA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
HYDRCEDEMA, (Edema. 
H YDR O-ENCEPHAL 0 UP HEE, Apoplexy, 
serous. 
HYDRO - ENTERO - EPIPLOCE'LE, Hydro- 
epiplo-enteroce'le; from 'v<5wp, ' water,' wrtpov, 
' intestine,' and emnXoov, ' omentum.' Eutero- 
epiplocele, the sac of which contains a serous 
fluid. 
HYDRO-ENTER O-EPIPLOM'PII ALUM, 
from 'v<5wp, ' water,' evrepov, ' an intestine,' c~i- 
irXoov, 'the caul,' and o/npaXos, 'the navel.' Um- 
bilical hernia, the sac of which contains intestine, 
epiploon, and serum. 
HYDRO- ENTEROM'PHALUM, Hydrente- 
rom'phalum; from 'vitap, 'water,' ivripov, 'an in- 
testine,' and optpaXoi, ' the umbilicus.' Hernia 
umbilicalis, the sac of which contains intestine 
and serum. 
HYDRO-EPIPLOCE'LE, from 'u<?wp, 'water,' 
eiuirXoov, 'omentum,' and k>/X>i, 'a tumour.' Her- 
nia, formed by omentum, the sac of which con- 
tains serum. 
HYDRO- EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE, Hydro- 
entero-epiplocele. 
HYDRO -EPIPLOMPII'ALUM, from 'v5wp, 
' water,' c-rwrXoov, ' the omentum,' and oyipaXos, 
'the umbilicus.' Umbilical hernia, the sac of 
which contains epiploon and serum. 
HYDROG'ALA, from 'viop, 'water,' and yaXa, 
'milk.' A mixture of water and milk. 
HYDROGASTER, Ascites. 
HY'D ROGEN, Hydrogen'i um, Inflam'mable 
air, Phlogis'ton, Princip'ium hydrogenet'icum, P. 
hydrot'icum, Mephi'tis inflammab'ilis, (F.) Hy- 
drogine, from 'viisp, ' water,' and yiwau, ' I pro- 
duce.' This gas, when breathed, proves fatal 
from containing no oxygen. When diluted with 
two-thirds of atmospheric air, it occasions some 
diminution of muscular power and sensibility, 
and a reduction of the force of the circulation. 
It has been respired in catarrh, haemoptysis, and 
phthisis. 
Hydrogen, Carburetted, Inflammable air, 
Fire damp, of miners - obtained by passing the 
vapour of water over charcoal, at the tempera- 
ture of ignition, in an iron tube-has been found 
possessed of similar properties, when diluted, and 
has been used in like cases. 
Hydrogen, Protoxide of, Water. 
Hydrogen, Sulphuretted, Hydrosulph'uric 
acid, Hydrothion'ic acid, Hydrothi'on, Gaz he- 
pat'icum, Gaz hydrogen'ium sulphura'turn, Me- 
phi'tis hepat'ica, (F.) Acide hydrosulfurique, may 
be disengaged from any of the sulphurets by the HYDROGENATION 
addition of a strong acid. It is a violent poison, 
but has been recommended to be inhaled, diluted, 
to allay the increased irritability which occasion- 
ally exists after diseases of the lungs. See Hy- 
dro-sulphuretted Water. 
HYDROGENATION, see Hydrogeueaea. 
HYDROG&NE, Hydrogen. 
HYDROGENESES. Baumes gives this name 
to diseases which he fancifully considers to de- 
pend upon disturbed hydrogenation. In it he in- 
cludes intermittent and remittent fevers. 
HYDROGENO - SULPHURETUM AMMO- 
NIAC.® LIQUIDUM, Ammonia) sulphuretum. 
HYDROGLOSSA, Ranula. 
HYDROGRAPHY, see Hydrology. 
HYDROHEM IE, Anaemia. 
HYDROHYMENI'TIS, Orrhohymeni'tis, from 
'vAwp, ' water,' 'vynv, ' a membrane,' and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of a serous 
membrane. 
HYDROL/EUM, Hydrelmon. 
HYDROLAPATHUM,Rumexhydrolapathum. 
HYDROLATA, Aquae destillatae. 
HYDROLATS, Aquae destillatae. 
HYDROLES, see Hydrolica. 
HYDROL'ICA, (F.) Hydroliquea, from 'ti<5wp, 
' water.' Watery solutions of the active princi- 
ples of medicinal agents. Those prepared by so- 
lution or admixture are termed, by the French, 
Hydrolea; those by distillation, Hydrolata. 
HYDROLIQUES, Hydrolica. 
HYDROL'OGY, Hydrolog"ia, from 'vimp, 'wa- 
ter,' and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' A treatise on water. 
By the term Medical Hydrol'ogy is meant that 
part of physics, whose object is the study of wa- 
ter, considered as it respects medicine ; and, con- 
sequently, embracing that of mineral waters. 
Medical Hydrog'raphy comprises the study of the 
influence exerted by the sea or by navigation on 
the health of man. 
HYDROLOTIF, Lotion. 
HYDROMA'NIA, from 'vbup, 'water,' and 
pavia, ' mania.' A name given by Strambi to 
pellagra, in which the patient has a strong pro- 
pensity to drown himself. 
HYDRO-MEDIASTI'NUM, Hydrops media- 
sti'ni. Effusion of serous fluid into the mediasti- 
num. 
HY'DROMEL, Hydrom'eli, from 'uAwp, 'water,' 
and piXi, ' honey.' Aqua mulsa, Meliti'tis, Mul- 
sum, Melic'ratum, Mellic'ratum, Braggart, Medo. 
A liquid medicine, prepared with an ounce and a 
half of honey and a pint of tepid water. It is 
used as a demulcent and laxative, and is gene- 
rally known under the names Simple hy'dromel, 
Vinous hy'dromel, Mead, Hydrom'eli vino'sum. It 
is a drink made by fermenting honey and water, 
and is much used in some countries. 
HYDROMENINGITIS, Hydrocephalus inter- 
nus. 
HYDROMETER, Areometer. 
HYDROME'TRA, Hydrome'tria, Hyater'ites, 
Hyateroede'ma, Hydrops w'ter?, from 'viuip, 'water,' 
and yr/rpa, 'the womb.' Dropsy of the womb. A 
disease characterized by circumscribed protuber- 
ance in the hypogastrium, - with obscure fluctu- 
ation, progressively enlarging, without ischury or 
pregnancy. If it ever occur, it must be a rare 
disease. 
HYDROM'PHALUM, Hydrops umbilica'lis, 
Exom'phalus aquo'sus, Her'nia umbili'ci aquo'aa, 
from Wiop, 'water,' and 'the navel.' A 
tumour, formed by the accumulation of serum in 
the sac of umbilical hernia; or simply by disten- 
sion of the navel in cases of ascites. 
HYDROMI RIN'GA, Hydromyrinx, Hydrops 
tym'pani, from 'v<5wp, ' water,' and myringa or 
myrinx, ' the membrana tympani.' Dropsy of the 
453 
HYDROPHOBIA 
drum of the ear; giving rise to difficulty of hear- 
ing,-Dysecoe'a hydrop'ica. 
IIYDROMYRINX, Hydromyringa. 
HYDRONCUS, Anasarca, (Edema. 
HYDRONEPHRO'SIS, (F.) Hydronfphroee, 
Hydrorenale distension, from 'v<5wp, 'water,' and 
v£0poy, 'kidney.' An accumulation in the kidney, 
owing to the obstruction of the tubes of the pa- 
pillae.-Rayer. 
HYDRONOSUS, Hydrops. 
HYDRONUSUS, Hydrops. 
HYDROOPHORON, Hydroarion. 
HYDROOVARIUM, Hydroarion. 
HYDROPATH'IC, Hydropath'icus, Hydriat'- 
ricus, from 'vSup, 'water,' and itaOof, 'disease.' 
Relating to hydropathy or the water-cure,- as a 
hydropathic physician, Hydri'dter, Hydri'dtrus. 
HYDROPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDROPEDE'SIS, from 'ixJup, ' water,' and 
■nniaw, ' I break out.' Ephidro' sis. Excessive 
sweating. 
HYDROPEGE, Water, spring. 
HYDROPELTIS PURPUREA, Brasenia hy- 
dropeltis. 
HYDROPERICARDIA, Hydropericardium. 
HYDROPERICARDITIS, Hydropericardium. 
HYDROPERICAR'DIUM, Hydropericar'dia, 
Hydropericardi'tis, from 'v<5wp, ' water,' and peri- 
cardium ; Hydrops Pericar'dii, Hydroear'dia, 
Dropsy of the pericar'dium, (F.) Hydropisie du 
Pericarde. This is not a common disease. Pal- 
pitations; irregular or intermitting pulse; exces- 
sive dyspnoea, amounting often to orthopnoea, 
and dulness over a large space on percussion, will 
cause the pericardium to be suspected. The treat- 
ment is that of dropsies in general. It is, usu- 
ally, however, of the active kind. 
HYDROPERIONE, from 'water,' rcpi, 
'around,' and wov, 'an egg, or ovum.' The sero- 
albuminous substance, secreted by the lining of 
the uterus prior to the arrival of the impregnated 
ovum in that cavity. - Breschet. 
HYDROPERITONEUM, Ascites. 
HYDROPERITONIE, Ascites. 
HYDROPHAL'LUS, from 'vluap, 'water,' and 
0aXXos, 'the male organ.' (Edema of the male 
organ. 
HYDROPHIMOSIS, Phimosis oedematodes. 
HYDROPHLEGMASIA TEXTOS CELLU- 
LARIS, Phlegmasia alba. 
HYDROPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULORUM 
CEREBRI, Hydrocephalus internus. 
IIYDROPHOB'IA, Paraphob'ia, Parophob'ia, 
Phobodip'son, Pheu'gydron, PheugojLhob'ia, Cy- 
nolys'sa, Oynolys'sum, Morbus hydrophob' icus seu 
hydroph'obus, Lycan'che, Lycan'chis, Aerophobia, 
Phreni'tis latrans, Lytta, Lyssa, Lyssa cani'na, 
Pantophob'ia, Rabies cani'na, Erethis'mus hydro- 
phobia, Clonos hydrophobia, Hygrophobia, Agues 
metus, Canine madness, (F.) Rage; from 'viwp, 
' water,' and <t>o(3os, ' dread.' 
The term Rabies is more appropriate for the 
aggregate of symptoms resulting from the bite 
of rabid animals. Hydrophobia literally signifies 
a 'dread of water;' and, consequently, ought to 
be applied to one of the symptoms of rabies, rather 
than to th'e disease itself. It is a symptom which 
appears occasionally in other nervous affections. 
Rabies is susceptible of spontaneous development 
in the dog, wolf, cat, and fox, which can thence 
transmit it to other quadrupeds or to man; but 
it has not been proved that it can supervene,- 
without their having been previously bitten, - in 
animals of other species; or that the latter can, 
when bitten, communicate it to others. Many 
facts induce the belief, that the saliva and bron- 
chial mucus are the sole vehicles of the rabid vi- 
rus ; the effects of which upon the economy some* HYDROPHOBUS 
times apj ear almost immediately after the bite, 
and are, at others, apparently dormant for a con- 
siderable period. The chief symptoms are - a 
sense of dryness and constriction of the throat; 
excessive thirst; difficult deglutition; aversion 
for, and horror at, the sight of liquids as well as 
of brilliant objects; red, animated countenance; 
great nervous irritability; frothy saliva; grinding 
of the teeth, Ac. Death most commonly happens 
before the fifth day. Hydrophobia has hitherto 
resisted all therapeutical means. Those which 
allay irritation are obviously most called for. In 
the way of prevention, the bitten part should 
always be excised, where practicable; and cau- 
terized. 
In some cases, symptoms like those which fol- 
low the bite of a rabid animal are said to have 
come on spontaneously. This affection has been 
termed nervous or spontaneous hydrophobia. 
HYDROPHOBES, Lyssodectus. 
HYDROPHTHAL'MIA, from Wop, 'water,' 
and 'the eye.' Hydrophthal'mus, 
Dropsy of the eye, Hydrops Oe'uli, Buphthal'mus, 
Zoophthal'mus, Oc'ulus Bovi'nus, Oculus Bu'bulus, 
Oculus Elephan'tinus, Ophthalmopto'sis, Parop'- 
sis Staphylo'ma simplex, (F.) Hydrophthalmie, 
Hydropisie de I'ceil. This affection is caused, at 
times, by an increase in the quantity of the aque- 
ous, at others, of the vitreous, humour. In the 
former case, the iris is concave anteriorly, and 
pushed backwards : - in the latter, it is convex, 
and pushed forwards. Most commonly, the dis- 
ease seems to depend on both humours at the 
same time. Hydrophthalmia sometijnes affects 
both eyes; at others, only one. Children are 
more exposed to it than adults or old persons. 
The treatment must vary according to the cause; 
its longer or shorter duration; greater or less 
extent, Ac. Hence, according to circumstances, 
hydragogue medicines, purgatives, general and 
local blood-letting, blisters, setons, moxa, cup- 
ping-glasses, fomentations, collyria, and fumiga- 
tions of different kinds, have been employed. 
When all means fail, and the disease continues 
to make progress, the fluid may be evacuated, by 
a puncture made with a cataract needle at the 
lower part of the transparent cornea. 
Hydrophthalmia, Conical, Staphyloma of 
the cornea. 
HYDROPIITHAL'MION'. Same etymon. An 
oedematous swelling of the conjunctiva in hydro- 
pic persons. 
HYDROPHTHALMUS, Hydrophthalmia-h. 
Cruentus, Hiemophthalmia. 
HYDROPHYLLUM VERUM, Hydrastis Ca- 
nadensis. 
IIYDROPHYSOCE'LE, Hydropneumatoce'le, 
from Wop, ' water,' <)>v<ra, ' wind,' and ' a 
tumour.' Hernia, which contains a serous fluid 
and gas. 
HYDROPHYSOME'TRA, from 'vlup, 'water,' 
ipvaati), ' I inflate,' and pnrpa, ' the womb.' A mor- 
bid condition of the womb, in which both fluid 
and air are contained in it. 
HYDROP'IC, Hydrop'icus, Hy'phydros, Hy- 
der'ieus, Hydero'des, Drop'sical, (F.) Hydropique. 
One labouring under dropsy. Relating to dropsy. 
Also, an antihydropic, and a hydragogue. 
HYDROPIPER, Polygonum hydropiper. 
HYDROPISIA, Hydrops. 
HYDROPISTE, Hydrops - h. du Bas-ventre, 
Ascites-h. Certbrale suraigue, Apoplexy, serous 
- h. de I'CEil, Hydrophthalmia - h. de I'Ovaire, 
Hydroarion-h. du Ptricarde, Ilydropericardium 
- h. des Pltvres, Hydrothorax - h. de Poitrine, 
Hydrothorax-h. de la Yesicule du Fiel, Turges- 
centia vesicae felleae. 
454 
HYDROPS 
HYDROPISIS, Hydrops-h. Vera, Anasarca. 
HYDROPISMUS, Hydrops. 
HYDROP LEURIE, Hydrothorax. 
HYDROPNEUMATOCELE, Hydrophysocele. 
HYDROPNEUMON, Hydropneumonia. 
HYDROPNEUMO'NIA, Hydropneu'mon, 
CEde'ma pulmo'num chron'icum, Hydrops pulrno- 
num cellulo'sus, Anasar'ca pulmo'num, Hydrops 
pulmonum, from 'viup, ' water,' and nvevpiav, ' the 
lung.' Dropsical infiltration of the lungs. See 
(Edema of the lungs. 
HYDROPNEUMOSAR'CA, from 'vbwp, 'wa- 
ter,' irvevpa, 'wind, air,' and trap!;, 'flesh.' An ab- 
scess, containing water, air, and matters similar 
to flesh. - M. A. Severinus. 
HYDROPNEUMOTHO'RAX, Hydroaeropleu- 
rie, from 'vSwp, 'water,' nvevpuv, 'the lung,' and 
0<upaf, ' the chest.* Pneumothorax with effusion 
of blood into the chest. See Pneumothorax. 
HYDROPOI'DES, from 'vSwp, 'water,' and 
rroica, ' I make.' An epithet for watery excre- 
tions, such as sometimes take place in hydropics. 
IIYDROP'OTA, Hydrop'otes, Pota'tor Aquce, 
from 'v<5wp, 'water,' and 'a drinker.' A 
water drinker. One who drinks only water, or 
drinks it in an extraordinary quantity. 
HYDROPS, from 'viiap, 'water,' Plegma'tia, 
Hy'deros, Affec'tus hydero'des, Hydrop'isis, Hy- 
dropis'ia, Hydropis'mus, Hydrop'sia, Hydror- 
rhoe'a, Hydrorrhoe, Hydrorrhous, Polyhy'dria, 
Hydron'osus, Hydronu'sus, Dropsy, (F.) Hydro- 
pisie. A preternatural collection of a serous 
fluid in any cavity of the body, or in the areolar 
texture. When the cellular texture of the whole 
body is more or less filled with fluid, the disease 
is called Anasar'ca or Leucoplegma'tia; - and 
when this variety is local or partial, it is called 
(Ede'ma. The chief dropsies, designated from 
their seat, are: - Anasarca, Hydrocephalus, Hy- 
drorachitis, Hydrothorax, Hydropericardium, As- 
cites, Hydrometra, Hydrocele, Ilc. 
Encyst'ed Dropsy, Hydrops sacca'tus, incarce- 
ra'tus vel cys'ticus, is that variety in which the 
fluid is enclosed in a sac or cyst; so that it has 
no communication with the surrounding parts. 
Dropsy of the Ovarium, Hydrops Ova'rii, Asci'- 
tes Ova'rii, Asci'tes sacca'tus, is an instance of 
this variety. 
Dropsy may be active or passive. The former 
consists in an increased action of the exhalants, 
so that those vessels pour out much more fluid 
than is absorbed: the latter arises from a state 
of atony of the absorbent vessels, which allows 
of an accumulation of fluid. It may also be me- 
chanical, or produced by obstructions to the cir- 
culation, as in cases of diseased liver. Active 
dropsy, occurring accidentally in a sound indivi- 
dual, generally ends favourably. That which 
supervenes on other diseases, or is symptomatic 
of some internal affection, is rarely curable. 
The treatment consists in the use of all those 
remedies which act on the various secretions : so 
that, the demand being increased, the supply will 
have to be increased accordingly; and in this 
manner some of the collected fluid may be taken 
up by the absorbents. To this end bleeding, if 
the dropsy be very active; purgatives, diuretics, 
sudorifics, sialogogues, &c., are the remedies 
chiefly depended upon. 
Hydrops Abdominis, Ascites-h. Abdominis 
aereus, Tympanites - h. Abdominis saccatus, see 
Ascites - h. Anasarca, Anasarca - h. Anasarca 
acutus, see Anasarca - h. Articulorum, Hydrar- 
thrus-h. Ascites, Ascites-h. Capitis, Hydroce- 
phalus-h. Capitis, Hydrocephalus chronicus-h. 
Cavitatis columnae vertebralis, Hydrorachis - h. 
Cellularis artuum, (Edema - h. Cellularis totius HYDROPSIA 
corporis, Anasarca-h. Cellulosus, Anasarca-h. 
Cerebri, Hydrocephalus, Hydrocephalus internus 
-h. Cutaneus, Anasarca-h. Cysticus, see Asci- 
tes, and Hydrops - h. Glottidis, (Edema of the 
Glottis-h. Incarceratus, see Hydrops-h. In- 
tercus, Anasarca - h. Leucophlegmatias, Leuco- 
phlegmatia-h. ad Matulam, Diabetes-h. Medi- 
astini, Hydromediastinum - h. Medullas spinalis, 
Hydrorachis - h. Matellae, Diabetes - h. Oculi, 
Hydrophthalmia-h. Ovarii, Hydroarion, see Hy- 
drops-h. Palpebrse, Hydroblepharon-h. Pecto- 
ris, Hydrothorax-h. Pericardii, Hydropericardi- 
um- h. Pleurae, Hydrothorax - h. Pulmonis, 
Hydrothorax - h. Pulmonum, Ilydropneumonia, 
(Edema of the Lungs - h. Pulmonum cellulosus, 
Hydropneumonia -h. Saccatus, see Hydrops - 
h. Sacci lachrymalis, Fistula lachrymalis - h. 
Scroti, Hydrocele-h. Siccus et flatulentus, Tym- 
panites- h. Spinae, Hydrorachis-h. Spin® ver- 
tebralis, Hydrorachis-h. Subcutaneus, Anasarca 
-h. Telas celluloses, Anasarca-h. Testiculorum, 
Hydrocele - h. Thoracis, Hydrothorax - h. Tu- 
barum Fallopii, Hydrosalpinx-h. Tympani, Hy- 
dromyringa-h.Tympanites, Tympanites-h.Um- 
bilicalis, Hydromphalum - h. Uteri, Hydrometra 
-h. Vesicae felleae, Turgescentia vesiculae felleae. 
HYDROPSIA, Hydrops. 
HYDROPYR'ETOS, from 'u<5a>p, 'water,'and 
Tvperos, 'fever;' Febris vudato'ria. Fever with 
sweating. Hidropyretos would be more proper; 
from '<<5p<oj, 'sweat.' See Sudor Anglicus. 
HYDRORA'CHIS, from 'viwp, ' water,' and 
' the spine.' Hydrorrha'chis, Hydrora- 
chi'tis, Hydrorrha'chia, Myeloch'ysis, Hydropg 
Carita'tis Columnce Vertebra'lis, II. Spinae, verte- 
bra'lis, Hydropg medul'lce spina'lis, Hydroce'le 
spina'lis, Hydrorachi'tis spino'ga, Hydropg spina. 
An effusion of serum, often owing to inflamma- 
tion of the spinal membranes - myeli'tis exsuda- 
ti'va-and forming a soft, frequently transparent, 
tumour, constituted 'of the membranes of the 
spinal marrow, which are distended and project- 
ing backwards from the vertebral canal, the pos- 
terior paries of which, when the affection is con- 
genital, is wanting to a certain extent-Spina 
bifida, Atelorachid'ia, Hydrora'chis dehis'cens 
seu congen'ita, Schistorrha'chis, Spi'nola. The 
disease is often accompanied with paralysis of the 
lower extremities. It is congenital, and situate 
in the lumbar or sacral regions. It is almost al- 
ways fatal: - the tumour rupturing, and death 
occurring instantaneously. On dissection, a sim- 
ple separation or complete absence of the spinous 
processes of the vertebrae is perceived, with, at 
times, destruction or absence of spinal marrow. 
The treatment is the same as in hydrocephalus 
chronicus ; and, as in it, advantage seems occa- 
sionally to have been derived by puncturing with 
a fine needle. 
Hydrorachis Dehiscexs, see Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORACHITIS, Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORCHIS, Hydrocele. 
HYDRORENALE DISTENSION, Hydro- 
nephrosis. 
IIYDRORRHACHIA, Hydrorachis. 
HYDRORRHACHIS, Hydrorachis - h. Con- 
genita, see Hydrorachis - h. Dehiscens, see Hy- 
drorachis. , 
HYDRORR HAGIE, Apoplexy, serous. 
HYDRORRHOE, Hydrops. 
HYDRORRHCEA, Hydrops. 
HYDRORRHOUS, Hydrops. 
HYDRORTHOPNCE'A, from 'r5<up, 'water,' 
and opOoTtvoia, ' difficulty of breathing, except in 
the erect posture.' Orthopnoea, owing to a col- 
lection of water in the chest. 
HY DROSAC'CHARUM, Aqua sacchara'ta, 
(F.) Ea>i sucree. Sugared water. 
455 
HYDROUS 
HYDROSAL'PINX, Hydrops tuba'rum Fallo'- 
pii; from 'viwp, 'water/ and aaXinyf, 'a tube.' 
Dropsy of the Fallopian tube. 
HYDROSAR'CA, from 'vhuip, 'water/ and trap£, 
'flesh.' A tumour containing a fluid, as well as 
portions of flesh. Also, Anasarca. 
HYDROSARCOCE'LE, from 'vSwp, 'water/ 
<rap£, ' flesh/ and k»/X»j, ' a tumour.' Sarcohydro- 
ce'le. A tumour, formed by a sarcocele, compli- 
cated with dropsy of the tunica vaginalis. 
HYDROSCHEOCE'LE, Oscheoce'le aquo'sa, 
from (vSd>p, ' water/ ' the scrotum/ and 
'rupture.' A collection of water in the 
scrotum. Hydrocele. 
HYDRO SCHEONIE, Hydrocele. 
HYDROSCHEUM, Hydrocele. 
HYDROSIS, Hidrosis. 
HYDROSTATIC TEST OF INFANTICIDE, 
see Docimasia. 
HYDROSUDOPATHY, Hydrosudotherapeia. 
HYDROSUDOTIIERAPEI'A, Hydrop'athy, 
Hydropathi'a, Hydrosudop'athy, Hydri'asis, Ars 
hydriat'rica, Hydriatri'a, Water cure, (G.) Was- 
sercur, from 'vXwp, 'water/ sudo, 'I sweat/ and 
Oepairivu, ' I remedy.' A badly compounded word, 
formed to express the mode of treating diseases 
systematically by cold water, sweating, &c. 
HYDROSULPHURET'TED WATER, Aqua 
hydrosulphura'ta simplex, Aqua hepat'ica, (F.) 
Eau hydrosulphuree simple. (Sulphuret of iron 
1000 parts, sulphuric acid 2000 parts, distilled 
water 4000 parts; add the water to the acid, and 
put the sulphuret of iron into a retort, to which 
a Wolff's apparatus of five or six vessels is adapt- 
ed ; the last containing about an ounce of potassa, 
dissolved in a quart of water. Pour the diluted 
acid gradually on the sulphuret, and, ultimately, 
throw away the water in the last vessel. Ph. P.) 
It is stimulant, diaphoretic, and deobstruent, (?) 
and is used in rheumatism, diseases of the skin, <!tc. 
It has been, also, called Ac"idum Hydrothion'- 
icum liq'uidum. 
HYDROSULPHURETUM AMMONIACUM 
AQUOSUM, Ammoniac sulphuretum-h. Ammo- 
niacum, Ammoniac sulphuretum. 
HYDROTHION, Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
HYDROTHO'RAX, from 'v<5a>p, 'water/ and 
0<jpaf, 'the chest.' Hydrops Thora'cis, Hydrops 
pec'toris, Hydrops pulmo'nis, H. pleura, Ste- 
thoch'ysis, Pleurorrhoe'a lymphat'ica, Pl. sero'sa, 
Dyspnoe'a et Orthopnoe' a hydrothorac"ica, (F.) 
Hydropisie de Poitrine, H. des Plivres, Dropsy 
of the Ohest. Idiopathic hydrothorax, termed by 
Laennec Hydropisie des plevres, Dropsy of the 
Pleura, - by Piorry, Hydropleurie, - is a rare 
disease, and difficult of diagnosis. It generally 
exists only on one side, which, if the fluid effused 
be considerable, projects more than the other. 
Dyspnoea, and fluctuation perceptible to the ear, 
are characteristic symptoms. When the chest is 
examined with the stethoscope, respiration is 
found to be wanting every where, except at the 
root of the lung. The sound is also dull on per- 
cussion. 
Effusion into the chest, as a result of inflam- 
mation of some thoracic viscus, is as common as 
the other is rare. It is usually a fatal symptom. 
It has been called symptomatic hydrothorax. 
In hydrothorax, the course of treatment proper 
in dropsies in general, must be adopted. Diure- 
tics seem, here, to be especially useful; probably 
on account of the great activity of pulmonary ab- 
sorption. Paracentesis can rarely be serviceable. 
Hydrothorax Chylosvs, Chylothorax - h. 
Purulentus, Empyema. 
HYDROTICA, Hydragogues. 
HYDRO'TIS, from 'u<3op, ' water/ and ov;, gen- HYDRURESIS 
uro;, 'the ear.' Dropsy of the ear. Properly, 
an accumulation of mucous or muco-purulent 
matter in the middle ear. 
HYDRURESIS, Diabetes. 
HYDRURIA, Diabetes, see Urine. 
HYERES. This small town, agreeably situ- 
ate on the declivity of a hill, about two miles from 
the Mediterranean, and twelve from Toulon, is the 
least exceptionable residence in Provence for the 
pulmonary invalid. It is in some measure pro- 
tected from the northerly winds; but not suffi- 
ciently so from the mistral to render it a very 
desirable residence for the phthisical.-Sir James 
Clark. 
HYGEA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
HYGEIA, Sanitas. 
HYGEISMUS, Hygiene. 
IIYGEOLOGY, Hygiene. 
HYGIANSIS, Sanitas. 
HYGIASIS, Sanitas. 
HYGIASMA, Medicament. 
HYGIAS'TICA DOCTRI'NA. The doctrine 
of health. The doctrine of the restoration of 
health. 
HYGIASTICUS, Salutary. 
HYGIEA, Sanitas. 
HYGIEIA, Hygiene, Sanitas. 
HYGIEINUS, Salutary. 
HYGIEIOLOGIA, Hygiene. 
HYGIENE (F.), (generally Anglicised, and 
pronounced hygeene) from 'vyieia, ' health.' Hy- 
giene, Hygeis'mns, Hygiei'ne, Hygie'sis, Hygiei'a; 
Hygie'a, Hygei'a, Hygiene, Hygien'ics, Conserva- 
ti'va medicina, Hygeolog"ia, Hygieiolog"ia, Hy- 
geology, Hygiol'ogy ; from ' healthy.' The 
part of medicine whose object is the preservation 
of health. It embraces a knowledge of healthy 
man, both in society and individually, as well as 
of the objects used and employed by him, with 
their influence on his constitution and organs. 
See Regimen. 
HYGIEN'IC, (F.) Hygienigue. Same etymon. 
Relating to Hygiene - as ' hygienic precautions, 
hygienic rules,' &c. &c. 
HYGIENICS, Hygiene. 
HYGIENIQUE, Hygienic. 
HYGIE'NIST. One who understands the 
principles of hygiene. 
HYGIERUS, Salutary. 
HYGIESIS, Hygiene. 
HYGIOLOGY, Hygiene. 
HYGRA, from Mtop, 'water,' or 'vypoy, 'hu- 
mid.' Liquid plasters;-Hygremplas'tra. 
HYGRASIA, Humour. 
HYGRECHE'MA, from 'uypoj, 'humid,' and 
t%r)ga, ' sound;' Son'itus flu'idi. The sound of 
fluid, heard by auscultation, or otherwise. 
HYGREDON, Humour. 
HYGREMPLASTRA, Hygra. 
HYGROBLEPHAR'ICI, from 'vypOf, 'humid,' 
and ' eyelid;' Hygrophthal' mid. The 
excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland have been 
so called. 
HYGROCATARAC'TA; from '»ypoj, 'humid,' 
and KarapaKTr/:, 'cataract;' Catarac'ta liq'uida. 
Liquid or fluid cataract. 
HYGROCELE, Hydrocirsocele. 
HYGROCOLLYRIA, see Collyrium. 
HYGROCYSTIS, Hydatid. 
HYGROL'OGY, Hygrolog"ia, from 'uypoj, 'hu- 
mid,' and Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' The anatomy of 
the fluids of the body. 
HYGRO'MA, from 'vypor, 'humid.' Tumor cys'- 
ticus sero'sus, Cys'tis sero'sa. Dropsy of the bursae 
mucosae. 
HYGROM'ETRY, Hygromet'ria, Hygrosco'- 
456 
HYMENOGRAPHY 
pia; from 'uypos, 'humid,' and p>?rpov, 'measure. 
The part of physics which concerns the measure- 
ment of the dryness or humidity of the atmo- 
sphere. It is probable, that diseases are as fre- 
quently caused by the varying moisture of the 
atmosphere as by changes in its weight or tem- 
perature. The hygrometer ought, consequently, 
to form part of every apparatus for medical me- 
teorological observations. 
HYGRON, Liquor. 
IIYGROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
HYGROPHTHAL'MIA, from 'vypoj, 'humid,' 
and ' inflammation of the eye.' Oph- 
thalmia with much lachrymation. 
HYGROPHTHALMICI, Hygroblepharici. 
HYGROPISSOS, see Pinus sylvestris. 
HYGROSCOPIA, Hygrometry. 
HYGROTES, Humour, Liquor. 
HYGRUM, Humour. 
HY'LE, 'vXrj, Mate'ria,' Matter.' Wood. Ma- 
teria Medica; also, the Philosopher's stone. 
Hyle Iatrice, Materia Medica. 
HYLISIS, Colatio. 
HYLISMUS, Colatio. 
HYLISTER, Colatorium. 
IIYLOPH'AGOUS, from 'vXy, 'wood,' and 
dayw, 'I eat.' One that feeds upon the young 
shoots of trees, roots, Ac. Hylophagous tribes 
yet exist in some parts of Africa. 
HYMASTATICS, Haemastatice. 
HYMEN, 'vyriv, which signifies 'marriage,' 
'nuptial song,' 'membrane or pellicle.' Claus- 
trum seu Flos seu Sigil'lum seu Custo'dia seu Co- 
lutn'na seu Zona virgina'tis, Flos virgina'lis, Vir- 
ginia, Cir'culus membrano'sus, Bucton, Intersep'- 
tum virgina'le, Cento virgina'lis, Argnmen'tum 
Integrita'tis, Munimen'tnm seu Zona Castita'tis, 
Pannic'ulus hgmena'us seu virgina'lis, Eugion, 
Val'vula vagi'ncB, Membran'ula luna'ta vaginas, 
Virginal membrane. The semilunar, parabolic, 
or circular fold, situate at the outer orifice of the 
vagina in virgins, especially during youth, and 
prior to menstruation. This membrane is ordi- 
narily ruptured by the first venereal act, and is 
effaced by accouchement; some irregular flaps 
remaining, to which the name Carnn'culce Myr- 
tifor'mes has been given by reason of their re- 
semblance to the leaves of the myrtle. Many 
circumstances of an innocent character may oc- 
casion a rupture or destruction of this membrane. 
It is often, indeed, found absent in children soon 
after birth; whilst it may remain entire after co- 
pulation. Hence the presence of the hymen does 
not absolutely prove virginity; nor does its ab- 
sence prove incontinence; although its presence 
would be prima facie evidence of continence. 
Hymen, Membrane-h. Diaphatton, Mediasti- 
num. 
HYMEN2EA, see Copal-h. Courbaril, see 
Anime. 
HYMEN'ICA AMENORRH(E'A. Amenor- 
rhoea occasioned by closure of the hymen. 
HYMEN'ICUS, Hymeno'des, from 'u/n?*, 'hy- 
men,' Ac. Relating to the hymen. Also, mem- 
branous. 
HYMENI'TIS, from {vgnv, 'a membrane,'and 
denotirfg inflammation. Membranous in- 
flammation. Inflammation of an internal mem- 
brane. 
HYME'NIUM, Membran'ula, diminutive of 
'vynv, ' a membrane.' A fine, delicate membrane. 
HYMENODES, Hymenicus. 
HYMENOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
HYMENOG'RAPHY, Hymenogra'jjhia, from 
'vynv, 'a membrane,' and ypa<l><n, 'I describe.' 
That part of anatomy whose object is the descrip- 
tion of the different membranes. HYMENOLOGY 
HYMENOL'OGY, Hymenolog"ia, from 'v/n/v, 
'a membrane/ and Aoyoj, 'a description.' A 
treatise on the membranes. 
IIY M E N 0 R' RIIAPHY, Hymenorrha'phia ; 
from 'vytjv, ' the hymen/ and pa<pr/, ' a suture.' A 
form of elytrorrhaphy, in which the operation is 
performed in the natural situation of the hymen. 
HYMENOT'OMY, Hymenotom'ia, from 'v/n/v, 
'a membrane/ and -rcpw, 'I cut/ 'I dissect.' 
The part of anatomy which treats of the dissec- 
tion of the membranes. The term has also been 
applied to the incision of the hymen, practised in 
certain cases of imperforation of the vagina, in 
order to give exit to the blood retained and ac- 
cumulated in the cavity of the uterus. 
HYMNIUM, Amnios. 
HYO: in composition, an abridgment of Hy- 
oides, os. 
HYOBASIOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
HYOCHONDROGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
HYODEOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
HYODEOTHYREODES, Thyreohyoideus. 
IIYODES, Hyoides. 
H Y O-EPIGLOT' TIC U S, Hyodepiglot'ticus. 
Belonging to the os hyoides and epiglottis. Some 
anatomists have given the name Hyo-epiglottic 
ligament to a bundle of condensed areolar tissue, 
which passes from the posterior part of the body 
of the hyoid bone to the base of the epiglottic 
fibro-cartilage. 
HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHAR YNGIEN, 
Constrictor pharyngis. 
HYOGLOS'SUS, Hyodeo-gloasua, Hyo-chondro- 
gloaaus, Hypailogloaaua, Cer'ato-gloaaua of Douglass 
and Cowper: Baaio-Cerato-Chondro-gloaaua. A 
large, thin, quadrilateral muscle, situate at the 
anterior and superior part of the neck. Its in- 
sertions at three different points of the os hyoides 
permit it to be divided into three portions:-the 
frat, (Cerato-gloaaua of Albinus) is attached to 
the great cornu of the os hyoides: the second, 
(Baaio-gloaaua of Albinus,) arises from the supe- 
rior part of the body of the same bone; and the 
third, {Chondro-gloaaua of Albinus,) arises from 
the lesser cornu and the cartilage, situate between 
the body and the greater cornu. The fibres of 
these three bundles are inserted into the lateral 
and inferior parts of the tongue. This muscle 
depresses the base of the tongue, or raises the os 
hyoides, when the tongue is fixed. 
HYO-TIIYREOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoideus. 
HYO-TIIYROID, Thyreo-hyoid. 
HYOID BONE, Hyoides, os. 
HYOI'DES, OS, Oa Bicor'ne, Oa hypaelo'i'dea, 
Oa Lambdoi'dea, Oa Gut'turia, Oa Linguoe, Oa 
Lingua'le, Upaildi'dea, Ypailoidea. The Hyoid 
Bone; from the Greek v, and ubo;, 'shape.' Hy- 
o'i'deua, Hyo'dea. The hyoid bone is a very mo- 
vable, osseous arch; of a parabolic shape; con- 
vex before, and suspended horizontally in the 
substance of the soft parts of the neck, between 
the base of the tongue and the larynx. This 
bone, separated entirely from the rest of the ske- 
leton, is composed of five distinct portions, sus- 
ceptible of motion on each other. The first, and 
most central, is the body of the hyoid, Oaaic'ulum 
medium Hyoi'dia, which affords attachment to 
several muscles; the two others are lateral, and 
bear the name of branchea or greater cornua. 
The last two are smaller, situate above the other, 
and are known under the name lesser cornua and 
styloid cornua, the Oaaa pisifor'mia lingua'lia 
of Sbmmering. The os hyoides is ossified from 
five points. 
Hyoides Primus, Sterneo-hyoideus. 
HYOIDBUS, Hyoides. 
457 
HYPER2EMIA 
HYOIDIS QUARTUS MUSCULUS, Omo- 
hyoideus. 
HYOSCY'AMUS, from 'vs, 'a swine,'and 
Kva/ios, 'a bean.' Faba suil'la, Bengi, Jusquia- 
mus, Hyoscyamus niger seu ogres'tie, Apollina'- 
ris, Alter'cum, Ag'one, Altercan'genon, Henbane, 
Poison Tobac'co, Stinking nightshade, (F.) Jus- 
quiaume, Five a Cochon, Hannebane, Potelee. 
The leaves and seeds are the parts used in medi- 
cine. Their odour is narcotic and peculiar; 
taste insipid and mucilaginous. The virtues are 
yielded to proof spirit. Hyoscyamus is narcotic, 
anodyne, antispasmodic, and slightly stimulant. 
It is used as a substitute for opium, where the 
latter disagrees; and is applied, externally, as a 
cataplasm in cancer and glandular swellings. 
Dose, gr. iij to x of the powder. 
Hyoscyamus Agrestis, Hyoscyamus. 
Hyoscyamus Albus, White Henbane, possesses 
similar virtues. 
Hyoscyamus Luteus, Nicotiana rustiea - h. 
Niger, Hyoscyamus - h. Peruvianus, Nicotiana 
tabacum. 
Hyoscyamus Scopolia, Scopoli'na atropdi'des. 
The herb and root of this plant, which grows in 
Elyria, Hungary, Croatia, Gallizia, and Bavaria, 
are used in the same cases as belladonna. Dose 
of the powder, half a grain. 
HYPACTICUS, Cathartic. 
HYPJE'MIA, from 'wo, 'beneath,' and 'aipa, 
'blood;' Oliga'mia, Oligoha'mia, Ance'mia. De- 
ficiency of blood.-Andral. Also, extravasation 
of blood. 
HYPAGOGE, Dejection. 
HYPAGOGUS, Laxative. 
HYPALEIM'MA, Hypalim'ma, Hypaleip'tum, 
Hypalip'tum, from 'wa\ti<po>, 'I anoint.' An 
ointment or liniment to be rubbod or spread on 
a part. 
HYPALEIPTRIS, Hypaleiptrum. 
HYPALEIP'TRON, Hypaleip'trum, Hypafeip- 
tris, Hypaliptrwn, Specil'lum, Spatha. ' A sort 
of spatula for spreading ointments.-Hipp. 
HYPALEIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
HYPALEIPTUM, Hypaleimma. 
HYPALIMMA, Hypaleimma. 
HYPALIPTRUM, Hypaleiptron. 
HYPAMAURO'SIS, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
amaurosw/ Amauro'sis imperfec'ta. Imperfect 
amaurosis; Her amauro'sis. 
IIYPAPOPLEX'IA, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
apoplexia. An incomplete attack of apoplexy. 
HYPATMISMUS, Fumigation. 
HYPATMUS, Fumigation. 
HYPAUCHE'NIUM, from 'wo, 'under,' and 
avxnv, 'the neck.' A pillow or cushion for the 
neck. 
HYPECCHORESIS, Dejection. 
HYPECCHORETICUS, Laxative. 
HYPELATUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
HYPENANTIOMA, Allopathy. 
HYPENANTIOSIS, Allopathy. 
HYPE'NE, 'wnvn. The beard which grows 
under the chin, according to some. Also, the 
upper lip.-Vesalius. See Mystax. 
HYPER, 'vn-fp, 'above,' 'in excess.' Hence: 
HYPERACU'SIS, (h-yeco'ia, Hyperae'oe, 
Phthongodyspho'ria, from 'wep, 'above,' and axon, 
'audition.' Excessive sensibility of the organ 
of hearing. 
HYPERADENO'SIS, Hyperad eno'ma, Hyper. 
troph'ia glandnda'rum, from 'vn-tp, 'in excess,* 
and ahnv, 'a gland.' Hypertrophy of a gland. 
HA PERJE'MIA, Hyperha'mia, Hamorme'sis, 
(F.) Hyperimie, Angiuhemie, from 'wcp, 'abcve,* HYPER2EMIC 
and 'airja, 'blood.' Preternatural accumulation 
of blood in the capillary vessels, more especially 
local plethora; congestion.-Andral. Various 
forms of hyperaemia are admitted by patholo- 
gists,- for example, the active or sthenic; as in 
the phlegmasiae, - the asthenic or passive, from 
weakness of vessels ; the cadaveric, or that whioh 
forms immediately before or after death ; and the 
hypostatic, which occurs in depending parts. 
Hyper.emia Abdominis, Coelimmia-h. Activa, 
Inflammation-h. Capitis, Cephalaemia-h. of the 
Brain, Stethcemia-h. Cerebri, Cephalsemia-h. 
Pectoris, Stethaemia-h. Pulmonum, Stethaemia 
-h. of the Lungs, Stethaemia-h. Hepatic, He- 
patohiemia. 
IIY P E R JE' MIC, Hyper a'miens, Conyes'ted, 
Bloodshot. Affected with hyperaamia. 
HYPERJESTHESIA, Hyperaesthesis-h. Lin- 
guae, Hypergeustia-h. Olfactoria, Hyperosphre- 
sia-h. Plexus cardiaci, Angina pectoris. 
HYPERJESTHE'SIS, Hyperasthce'sia, Oxy- 
asthe'sia, (F.) Hypiresthisie, from 'virep, 'above,' 
and aiadrjait, ' the faculty of feeling.' Excessive 
sensibility, impressibility, or passibility. 
HYPERAJSTHET'ICA, same etymon. Agents 
that are conceived to augment general sensibility 
-as strychnia, brucia, <fcc. Pereira. 
HYPERANTHERA MORINGA, Guilandina 
moringa. 
HYPERANTHRAXIS, see Cholera. 
HYPERAPH'IA, Oxyaphe, Oxyaph'ia, from 
'u»tp, 'in excess,' and 'a<pn, 'touch.' Excessive 
acuteness of touch. 
HYPERAPHRODIS'IA, from 'virep, 'in ex- 
cess, and A.<ppoSirn, ' Venus.' Excessive venereal 
desire. 
IIYPERASTHENI'A, from 'virep, 'in excess,' 
and aadevcia, ' weakness.' Excessive debility. 
HYPERAUXE'SIS, from 'virep, 'over,' 'above,' 
and 'augmentation.' Hyperepid'osis. 
Excessive increase or enlargement of apart;-as 
Hyperauxe'sis Ir'idis, an excessive enlargement 
of the iris, so as to stop up the pupil. 
HYPERBOL'IC {attitude), from 'virep, 'above, 
over,'and 0aXXw, ' I throw.' 'Excessive.' Galen, 
by this term, designates certain extraordinary at- 
titudes, in which the limbs and vertebral column 
are in a state of complete extension or flexion. 
HYPERBO'REAN, from 'virep, 'beyond,' and 
(Sopeas, ' the north wind.' A race of men found 
at the extreme north of the two continents, in the 
vicinity of the polar circle. It includes the Thi- 
betans, Ostiaks, Kamtschadales, Laplanders, Sa- 
moiedes, Esquimaux, &c. 
HYPERBU'LIA, from 'virep, 'in excess,' and 
/JovXy, ' will.' Ungovernable will or volition. 
HYPERCARDIA, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
HYPERCARDIOTROPHIA, Heart, hypertro- 
phy of the. 
HYPERCATAPINO'SIS, from 'virep, 'in ex- 
cess,' and Karamvuv, 'to sip up.' Excessive acti- 
vity of absorption. 
HYPERCATHAR'SIS, Hyperine'sis, Hyperi- 
nos, Superpurya'tio, Effrenita'tio, from 'virep, 'in 
excess,' and KaSapais, ' purgation.' Superpurga- 
tion. 
HYPERCENO'SIS, from 'virep, 'in excess,' and 
Kcwnris, ' evacuation.' Excessive evacuation, as 
of blood, bile, &c. 
HYPERCERASIS, Staphylmna of the cornea. 
HYPERCERATOSIS, Staphyloma of the cor- 
nea. 
HYPERCHOLIA, Polycholia. 
HYPERCINE'SIA, Hypercine'sis, from 'virep, 
'above, over,' and /ayyatj (kivcu, 'I move,') 'mo- 
tion.' Excessive motion. Under the term hy- 
458 
HYPERBORA 
percinesis, Romberg includes the spasmodic neu- 
roses. 
Hypercinesia Nervosa, see Irritable - h. 
Uterina, Hysteria. 
HYPERCINESIS GASTRICA, Hypochondri- 
asis. 
HYPERCONJONCTIVITE, see Ophthalmia. 
HYPERCORYPHO'SIS, from Wp, 'above,' 
and Kopvipr/, 'the vertex;' the extreme point of 
anything. The lobes of the liver and lungs.- 
Hippocrates. 
HYPERCRIN'IA, Hyperdiac'risis, Chymoze'- 
mia, from 'vircp, 'above/ and Kpivu>, 'I separate.' 
A morbid increase in the quantity of the secre- 
tions. 
HYPER'CRISIS, same etymon. Superexcre'- 
tio, Superevacua'tio. An excessive crisis, or eva- 
cuation; a flux. - A very violent, critical effort, 
or too copious critical evacuations.-Galen. 
HYPERCYESIS, Superfoetation. 
H Y P E RD ERMATO'SIS, Hyperdermato'ma, 
Hyperdermo'sis, Hyperdermo'ma, from 'vr-rp, 'in 
excess,' and tepya, ' skin.' Hypertrophy of the 
skin. 
HYPERDIACRISIS, Hypercrinia. 
HYPERDIURESIS, Diabetes. 
HYPERDYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
IIYPERDYNAM'IC, Hyperdynam'icus, from 
'inrtp, ' in excess,' and ivvapt;, ' strength.' Ap- 
pertaining to or having the characters of hyperdy- 
namia, or excessive strength-of the vital powers 
more especially. 
HYPERECHEMA, see Exaggerated. 
HYPERECHESIS, see Exaggerated. 
HYPEREM'ESIS, Hyperemes'ia; Vom'itue 
profu'sus, from virtp, 'in excess,' and tpcw, 'I 
vomit.' Excessive vomiting after an emetic. 
HYPEREMIE, Hyperaemia - It. du Cerveau, 
Cephalohremia - h. Cerebrate, Cephaloha'mia - 
A. du Foie, Hepatohaemia- A. de la Mo'elle ipi- 
niere, Hypermyelohaemia-A. des Poumons, Ste- 
thaemia. 
HYPERENCEPHALOTROPHIE; from 
'virrp, 'in excess,' vyKttyaXov, 'the encephalon,' 
and rpotpt), 'nourishment/ Hypertrophy of the 
encephalon.-Piorry. 
HYPERENCEPH'ALUS, from Wq>, 'above/ 
and KctpaXt), ' the head.' A monster whose ex- 
cessive brain is situate in the skull. 
H YPERENDOSMOSE, Inflammation. 
HYPERENERGI'A, from 'vrtp, 'in excess,' 
and evspyeta, 'activity.' Excessive activity, as 
of the nervous system. 
HYPEREPHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
HYPEREPIDOSIS, Hyperauxesis. 
HYPERERETHIS'IA, from 'vircp, 'in excess/ 
and ' I excite.' Excessive irritability. 
HYPERES'IA, 'viripiaia, 'a ministry.' This 
word is sometimes applied to the organs;-when 
it means function. 
HYPERESTHESIE, Hyperaesthesis. 
HYPERETRIA, Midwife. 
HYPERGEN'ESIS, from 'virrp, ' in excess/ 
and ywcats, ' generation.' The excess of forma- 
tive power, which gives occasion to monstrosities 
by excess of parts. 
HYPERGEUS'TIA, Hypergeu'sis, Hyperae- 
sthe'sia linguae, Oxygeu'sia, from 'vjr«p, ' above/ 
and ytvarti, ' taste/ Excessive sensibility of the 
organ of taste. 
HYPER HAJMATOSIS, Inflammation. 
HYPERHA3MIA, Hyperaemia. 
HYPERHEPA TO TR OP HIE, Hepatauxe. 
HYPERHIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
HYPERHO'RA, from 'virrp, ' in excess,' and HYPERICUM 
'upa, 'time.' Premature development of the body, 
or of some part. 
HYPERl'CUM BACCIF'ERUM, Arbus'cula 
gummif era, Brazilien'sis, Caa-opia. A Brazilian 
tree, whose bark admits a juice, when wounded, 
which resembles gamboge. 
Hypericum Officinale, H. perforatum - h. 
Offieinarum, II. perforatum. 
Hypericum Perfora'tum, Hypericum, H. offi- 
cina'le seu ojficina'rum seu vulga're seu Firotn't- 
cum, Fuga Dce'monum, Androsce'mum, Co'rion, 
Perforated or Common St. John's Wort, (F.) Mil- 
lepertuis ordinaire. It is aromatic and astrin- 
gent, and enters into a number of aromatic pre- 
parations ; and, amongst others, into the Fall- 
trancks. The Oil of St. John's Wort, O'leum 
hyperici, Bal'samum hyperici sim'plex, is made 
by infusing of the flowers in a quart of olive 
oil. It is vulnerary. 
Hypericum Virginicum, II. perforatum - h. 
Vulgare, II. perforatum. 
HYPERIDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
IIY PERI NESIS, Hy percatharsis. 
1IYPERIN0S, Hypercatharsis. 
IIYPERINO'SIS, Hyperplas'ma, from 'vircp, 
'above,' and <j, ivos, 'flesh.' The condition of 
the blood in which it contains an increase in the 
proportion of fibrin, a decrease of the corpuscles in 
proportion to the excess of fibrin, and an increase 
of the fat, - as in inflammation. In proportion 
to the increase of the fibrin and fat, and the de- 
crease of the corpuscles, the whole solid residue 
will be diminished. Also, morbidly increased 
muscular activity.-Siebenhaar. 
HYPERLYMPH'IA, (F.)Hyperlymphie; from 
'mrcp, 'in excess,' and lympha. Excessive forma- 
tion or accumulation of lymph. 
H YP ERMETR 0 HE MIE, Metrohmmia. 
HYPERMNE'SIA, from 'virep, 'in excess,' and 
pvaopat, ' I recollect.' Excessive memory. 
HYPERMI (F.) Hyperimie 
de la Mo'elle Epiniere, Congestion sanguine rachi- 
dienne, from 'ujrtp, 'in excess,' nvcXos, 'marrow,' 
and 'aipa, 'blood.' Hypermmia of the spinal 
marrow. 
H YP ERNE PHROTROPHIE. from Wp, 
'in excess,' 'kidney,' and rpotpr), 'nourish- 
ment.' Hypertrophy of the kidney. 
HYPERNEU'RIA, from 'v-rrcp, 'in excess,' and 
vcvpov, ' a nerve.' Excessive nervous activity. 
HYPERNEURO'MA, same etymon. Morbid 
development of the neurine or nervous masses. 
H Y P E R 0 - PHARYNG-EUS, Palato-pharyn- 
geus. 
HYPERO'A, from 'vrrcp, 'upon,' and wov, 'a 
high place.' The palatine arch,-the base of the 
cranium. 
Hyperoa, Palate. 
HYPEROl'TIS, Inflamma'tio pala'ti, Angi'na 
Palati 'na, (F.) Inflammation du Palais ; from hy- 
peroa, 'the palate,' and itis, a suffix denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the velum palati. 
HYPEROOCHAS'MA, from 'vTrtpwa, ' the pa- 
late, and x<iapa, 'an opening;' Lycos'toma, Pa- 
ia'turn fissum. Fissure palate. 
IIYPEROPSIA, Oxyopia. 
HYPEROS, Pilum. 
HYPEROSMIA, Hyperosphresia. 
HYPEROSPIIRE'SIA, Hyperos'mia, Hyper- 
eesthe'sia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tus acu'tus, from 'uircp, 
and oatypr/ais, 'smell.' Excessive acuteness of 
smell. 
HYPEROSTOSIS, Exostosis. 
HYPERPATHI'A, from 'vrip, 'in excess,'and 
»ra9oS, 'suffering.' Excessive sensibility in dis- 
459 
HYPIIE 
HYPERPHLEBO'SIS, from <vrrep, 'in excess/ 
and <a vein.' Too great development of 
the venous system; predominant venosity. 
HYPERPHLEGMASIA, Hyperphlogosis. 
HYPERPHLOGO'SIS, Epiphlogo'sis, Hyper- 
phlegma'sia, Inflamma'tio peracu'ta, from 'viup, 
' above/ and 0Xoyw<ny, ' inflammation.' A high 
degree of inflammation. 
HYPERPHRENIE, Mania. 
HYPERPIMELE, see Polysarcia. 
HYPERPLASMA, Hyperinosis. 
HYPERPLEXIE, Ecstasis. 
HYPERPNEUSTIA, Flatulence. 
HYPERPRESBYTIA, Presbytia. 
HYPERSARCHIDIOS, Physconia. 
HYPERSARCO'MA, Hypersarco'sie, Hyper- 
sarx'is, from 'uircp, ' above/ and <rapf, ' flesh.' A 
soft fungous excrescence, especially such as ap- 
pears upon ulcerated parts. - A fungosity. 
HYPERSARCOSIS, Excrescence, Fungosity, 
-b. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the. 
HYPERSARXIS, Hypersarcoma. 
HYPERSPADIAS, Epispadias. 
Convulsion. 
H YP ERSPLENO TR OP HIE, Splenoncus. 
HYPERSPONGIA, Spina ventosa. 
HYPERSTIIENI'A, Hyperdyna'mia, Hyper- 
zoodyna'mia, Statue inflammato'riue verus; from 
'vrsp, 'beyond/ and adtvos, 'strength.' Super- 
excitement. A morbid condition, characterized 
by over-excitement of all the vital phenomena. 
HYPERSTHENIC, Stimulant. 
HYPERSTHENICUS, Active, Stimulant. 
HYPERTON'IA, 'virep, 'beyond/ and rovo;, 
'tone.' Excess of tone in parts. It is opposed 
to atony. 
HYPER rR0PII2E'MIA, from 'vTrcp, 'above,' 
rpo</>r), 'nourishment/ and 'ai/ia, 'blood.' A state 
in which the plastic powers of the blood are in- 
creased. 
HYPERTROPHIA CEREBRI, Phrenauxe- 
h. Cordis, Heart, hypertrophy of the - h. Glan- 
dularum, Hyperadenosis-h. Hepatis, Hepatauxe 
-h. Intestinorum, Enterhypertrophia-h. Lienis, 
Splenoncus - h. Splenis, Splenoncus - h. Uteri, 
Metrauxe-h. Vesicm urinariae, Cystauxe. 
Hl PERTROPHIE DU C(EUR, Heart, hy- 
pertrophy of the - h. du Foie, Hepatauxe-A. de 
la Rate, Splenoncus - h. du Corps Thyro'ide, 
Bronchocele. 
HYPERTROPHIED, see Hypertrophy. 
HYPERTROPHOUS, see Hypertrophy. 
HY'PERTROPHY, Hypertroph'ia, from 'urrp, 
' beyond/ and rpotyri, ' nourishment.' The state 
of a part in which the nutrition is performed with 
greater activity; and which, on that account, at 
length acquires unusual bulk. The part thus 
affected is said to be hypertrophied or hypertro- 
phous. 
HYPERURESIS, Enuresis - h. Aquosa, Dia- 
betes. 
HYPERURORRHEE, Diabetes-h. Saccha- 
rine, Diabetes (Mellitus.) 
HYPERZOODYNAMIA, Hypersthenia. 
HFPEX'ODOS, from 'viro, 'beneath,' 
and t£o<5oj, ' passing out.' An alvine discharge 
or flux. - Hippocrates. 
HYPEZOCUS, Diaphragm, Pleura. 
HYPHA, Texture. 
HYPH2EMA, Ecchymoma. 
HYPHjEMATO'SIS, from 'viro, 'under/ and 
'atparwat?, 'sanguification.' Morbidly diminished 
hsematosis. - Sanguifica'tio debit'ior. 
HYPH.EMOS, Subcruentus. 
HYPHE, Texture. HYPHYDROS 
HYPHYDROS, Hydropic. 
HYPINO'SIS, Hypoplag'ma, from 'vro, 'un- 
der/ and is, ivos, 'flesh.' The condition of the 
blood in which the quantity of fibrin is frequently 
less than in health, or if it amounts to the usual 
quantity, its proportion to the blood corpuscles 
is less than in health: the quantity of corpuscles 
is either absolutely increased or their proportion 
to the fibrin is larger than in healthy blood; the 
quantity of solid constituents is also frequently 
larger than in health. Such is the condition of 
the blood in fevers, hemorrhages, and polyaemia. 
- Simon. 
HYPNJESTHESIS, Somnolency. 
HYPNIA'TER, (F.) Hypniatre, from 'urvoj, 
'sleep,' and <arpos, 'a physician.' A name given 
to deluded or designing persons who have affirmed 
that they were able, during their 'magnetic sleep,' 
to diagnosticate disease and its appropriate treat- 
ment. 
HYPNIC, Hyp'nicus, from 'wnvos, 'sleep.' An 
agent that affects sleep. - Pereira. 
HYPNOBATASIS, Somnambulism. 
HYPNOBATES, Somnambulist. 
HYPNOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
HYPNOB ATI A, Somnambulism. 
HYPNO'DES, 'vTtvubis, from 'uro, 'under/and 
'vn-pos, 'sleep.' One in a state of slumber or som- 
nolency. 
HYPNODIA, Somnolency. 
HYPNOLOG"ICA, Hypnolog"ice. The part 
of hygiene which treats of sleep. 
HYPNOL'OGY, Hypnolog"ia, from 'virvos, and 
\oyos, 'a discourse.' Same etymon. A treatise 
on sleep. The doctrine of sleep. 
HYPNONERGIA, Somnambulism. 
HYPNOPOEUS, Somniferous. 
HYPNOS, Sleep. 
HYPNOSIS BIOMAGNETICA, Sleep, mag- 
netic. 
HYPNOTIC, Somniferous. 
HYPNOTISM, Somnambulism, magnetic; see 
Magnetism, animal. 
HYPNOTIZED, see Mesmerized. 
HYPO, 'uro, 'under/ ' gub.' In composition. 
Hypo, Hypochondriasis. 
HYPO JEM A, Ecchymoma. 
HYPOJEMIA, Ecchymoma. 
HYPOBLEPH'ARUM, from 'uno, 'under/ and 
($Xt<l>apov, 'eyelid.' Tumefaction under one or 
both eyelids. Also, an artificial eye, placed un- 
der the eyelids. 
HYPOCAPNISMA, Suffimentum. 
HYPOCAPNISMUS, Fumigation. 
HYPOCARO'DES, Suboopora'tug, from 'uro, 
'under/ and xapos, 'a heavy sleep.' One who is 
in a state approaching carus. - Hippocrates. 
HYPOCATIIAR'SIS, from 'uro, 'beneath/ and 
' purgation.' Too feeble purgation. A 
word opposed to hypercatharsis. 
HYPOCATIIARTICUS, Laxative. 
HYPOCAUS'TUM, from 'uro, 'beneath/ and 
ratio, ' I burn.' A name given to a stove, or any 
such contrivance, to sweat in. Also, a furnace 
ir. any subterraneous place, used for heating 
baths : - 'vrorauoTov, Balnea'rium, Vapora'rium. 
HYP0CEPHAL2E'UM, from 'uro, 'under/ and 
Kt<paXri, ' head.' A pillow for the head. 
HYPOCERCIIA'LEON, from 'uro, and rtp- 
XaXws, 'hoarse.' Roughness of the fauces affect- 
ing the voice.-Hippocrates. 
HYPOCHLORETUM SULPHUROSUM, Sul- 
phur, chloride of. 
HYPOCHLOROM'ELAS, gub-pal'lide ni'gri- 
cang, from 'uro, 'green/ and yeXas, 'black.' 
460 
HYPOCCELIUM 
A term applied to one whose skin is pale, with a 
blackish hue. - Hinpocr., Galen. 
HYPOCHOILION, Abdomen. 
HY'POCHONDRE, Hypochon'drium, Subcar- 
tilagin' eum, Re'gio Hypochondri'aca, Hypochon' - 
drioc Region, from 'vito, 'under,' and 'a 
cartilage.' Each lateral and superior region of 
the abdomen is so called, because it is bounded 
by the cartilaginous margin of the false ribs, 
which forms the base of the chest. There is a 
right and a left hypochondrium. 
HYPOCHON'DRIAC, Hypochondri'aeus, Hy- 
pochondri'acai, Va'poury, Va'pourish, (F.) Hypo- 
chondriaque. Same etymon. Belonging to hy- 
pochondriasis. One labouring under hypochon- 
driasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIA CISMUS,Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIALGIA, Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRIAQUE, Hypochondriac. 
HYPOCHONDRI'ASIS. Same etymon. Alu'- 
sia hypochondriasis, Aforbus hypochondri'acus, Af. 
Resiccato'rius, Af. Ructuo'sus, Afalum hypochon- 
dri'acum, Hallucina'tio hypochondriasis, Hypo- 
chondriacis'mus, Hypochondricis'mus, Dyspep'sia 
hypochondriasis, Pas'sio hypochondriaca, Affec'- 
tio hypochondriaca, Anathymi'asis, Hypercine'sis 
gastrica, Splenes, Alelancholia nervea, Af. fatuo'- 
sa, Af. hypochondri'aca, Suffoca'tio hypochondri'- 
aca, Aforbus fiatuo'sus, Af. erudito'rum, Fowes ven- 
tric'uli, Hypochondrism, Hypo, Spleen, Vapours, 
English Afalady, Low Spirits, (F.) Hypochon- 
drie, Afaladie imaginaire, Afaladie Anglaise, Af- 
fection vaporeuse, Vapeurs. This disease is pro- 
bably so called, from the circumstance of some 
hypochondriacs having felt an uneasy sensation 
in the hypochondriac regions. The disease seems 
really to be, as Pinel has classed it, a species of 
neurosis, and of mental alienation, which is ob- 
served in persons who in other respects are of 
sound judgment, but who reason erroneously on 
whatever concerns their own health. Hypochon- 
driasis is characterized by disordered digestion, 
without fever or local lesion; flatulence; borbo- 
rygmi; extreme increase of sensibility ; palpita- 
tions ; illusions of the senses ; a succession of 
morbid feelings, which appear to simulate the 
greater part of diseases; panics; exaggerated 
uneasiness of various kinds; chiefly in what re- 
gards the health, &o. Indigestion has usually 
been considered the cause of hypochondriasis. 
They are, unquestionably, much connected with 
each other : but there is every reason to believe, 
that the seat of the affection is really, though 
functionally, in the brain. The disease almost 
always appears at the adult age, most commonly 
in irritable individuals ; and, in those exhausted, 
or rather in the habit of being exhausted, by 
mental labour, overwhelmed with domestic or 
public affairs, <fcc. 
The treatment is almost entirely moral. The 
condition of the digestive function must, however, 
be accurately attended to. 
HYPOCHONDRICISMUS, Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHONDRISM, Hypochondriasis. 
HYPOCHOREMA, Excrement. 
HYPOCHORESIS, Dejection, Defecation, Ex- 
crement. 
IIYPOCHORETICUS, Cathartic. 
HYPOCHYMA, Cataract. 
HYPOCHYROSIS, Baryeeoia. 
HYPOCHYSIS H.zEMATODES,H£emophthal- 
mia. 
HYPOCISTIS, Cytinus. 
HYPOCLEP'TICUM, from '»™, 'beneath,' 
and kXcktu), ' I steal.' A chymieal vessel, for- 
merly used for separating oil from water. 
HYPOCtELIS, Palpebra inferior. 
HYPOCCELIUM, Abdomen. HYPOCOELUM 
HYPOCG1LUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior. 
IIYPOCOI'LON,Hypocoe'lon, Hypocoe'lum, Hy- 
poc'ylum, from 'wo, 'under/ and koiXov, 'a ca- 
vity.' A cavity situate under the lower eyelid. 
The lower eyelid itself. 
IIYPOCOPIIOSIS, Baryecoia, Deafness. 
HYPOCRA'NIUM (Apostema), from 'vtto, 'un- 
der/ and Kpavtov, ' the cranium.' A collection of 
pus between the cranium and dura mater. 
HYPOCYLUM, Hypocoilon, Palpebra inferior. 
HYPOCYSTEOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
HYPODERIS, Epideris. 
HYP0DERMAT'0MY,Hy/>oder7natom'ia,from 
'wo, ' under/ Seppa, ' the skin/ and ropn, ' inci- 
sion.' The section of subcutaneous parts, as of 
tendons and muscles. 
HYPODERMIS, Clitoris, Epideris. 
HYPODERRHIS, Epideris. 
HYPODESMA, Bandage. 
HYPODYNAMIC, Adynamic. 
HYPODYN'IA, from 'wo, 'under/ and olvvr), 
'pain.' Dolor mitis seu lenis. A slight pain. 
HYPOGALA, Hypopyon. 
IIYPOGASTRAL'GIA, from 'woyacrptov, 'the 
hypogastrium/ and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the 
hypogastrium. 
HYPOGAS'TRIC, Hypogas'tricus. Relating 
or belonging to the hypogastrium. 
Hypogastric Artery, A. Ili'aca inter'na, A. 
Ili'aca posterior, A.pelvienne-(Ch.), is the more 
internal of the two branches into which the pri- 
mary iliac divides. It descends into the cavity 
of the pelvis, and gives off a considerable number 
of branches, which arise, at times, separately; at 
others, by common trunks. These branches are, 
1. The posterior, i. e. the ilio-lumbar arteries, la- 
teral, sacral, and gluteal. 2. The anterior, i. e. 
the umbilical, vesical, and obturator. 3. The in- 
ternal, the middle hemorrhoidal arteries, uterine, 
and vaginal in women. 4. The inferior, i. e. the 
isehiatic arteries, and internal pudic. 
Hypogas'tric Gan'glion. A large nervous 
ganglion, described by Dr. Robt. Lee as seated 
on each side of the cervix uteri, immediately be- 
hind the ureter; which receives the greater num- 
ber of the nerves of the hypogastric and sacral 
plexuses, and distributes branches to the uterus, 
vagina, bladder, and rectum. 
Hypogastric Operation of Lithotomy, (F.) 
Taille hypogastrique. The high operation, or 
that practised above the pubes. 
Hypogastric Plexus, Plexus sous-mesenterigue 
of Winslow, is situate at the lateral and posterior 
parts of the rectum and the bas fond of the blad- 
der. It is formed by the sacral nerves and the 
inferior mesenteric plexus, and gives off numerous 
filaments, which accompany the arteries that pass 
to the rectum and genital organs. 
Hypogastric Vein furnishes nearly the same 
branches. 
HYPOGASTRTON, Abdomen, Hypogastrium. 
HYPOGAS'TRIUM, Hypogas'trion, from 'wo, 
'under/ and yaarnp, 'the stomach or belly/ 
Efron, rjrpov, Venter imus, V. parvus, Aqualic'- 
ulus, Sumen, Rumen. The lower part of the ab- 
domen. The Hypogastric region, Re'gio hypo- 
gas'trica seu bypogas'tria, which extends as high 
as three fingers' breadth beneath the umbilicus, 
is divided into three secondary regions - one 
middle or pubic, and two lateral or inguinal. 
HYPOGASTROCE'L®, from 'wo, 'under,' 
yaarnp, 'the stomach or belly/ and KfXri, 'a tu- 
mour.' Hernia in the hypogastric region, occur- 
ring through the separated fibres of the lower 
part of the linea alba. See Hernia, hypogastric. 
HYPOGASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymus Sym- 
phyohypogos'tricus, Ischiopa'ges, from 'wo, 'un- 
461 
HYPOPEDIUM 
der,' yaarr/p, 'the belly/ and Silvpos, 'a twin.' A 
monstrosity in which twins are united by the 
hypogastrium.-G urlt. 
HYPOGASTRORIXIS, Eventration. 
HYPOGLOSSA, Hypoglottides. 
HYPOGLOSSIA, Hvpoglottides. 
HYPOGLOSSIADENI'TIS, from 'v™, 'under/ 
yAioaaa, 'tongue/ aiyv, 'a gland/ and itis, deno- 
ting inflammation. Infiamma'tio glandula'rum 
sublingua'lium. Inflammation of the sublingual 
gland. 
HYPOGLOSSIDIA, Hypoglottides. 
HYPOGLOSSIS, Ranula. 
HYPOGLOSSIUM, Ranula. 
HYPOGLOSSUM, Ruscus hypoglossum, Ra- 
nula. 
HYPOGLOS'SUS, from 'wo, 'under/ and 
yXwaaa, ' the tongue/ That which is under the 
tongue. 
Hypoglossus, Hypoglossal Nerve, Nerf Hypo- 
glosse ou Grand Hypoglosse, Hypoglossien (Ch.), 
Lingual N., Gustatory N., Lingua'lis Me'dius, is 
the ninth pair of nerves of many anatomists. It 
arises by ten or twelve very fine filaments from 
the grooves, which separate the corpora pyrarni- 
dalia from the C. olivaria; issues from the cra- 
nium by the foramen condyloideum anterius; and 
divides, near the angle of the jaw, into two 
branches; the one, the cervica'lis descendens or 
descen'dens noni. It forms, with the cervical 
plexus, a large anastomotic arch, and furnishes 
branches to several of the muscles of the neck. 
The other, the lingual branch, is the continuation 
of the principal trunk, and gives its numerous 
filaments to the muscles of the tongue and pha- 
rynx. The ninth pair communicates motion to 
the muscles to which it is distributed. 
HYPOGLOTTIA, Hypoglottides. 
HYPOGLOTT'IDES, (PILULE,) Hypoglos'- 
sia, Hypoglot'tia, Hypogios'sa, Hypoglot'ta, Hy- 
poglossid'ia, Pil'uloe sublingua'les. Pills placed 
under the tongue to dissolve there. 
HYPOGLOTTIS, Ranula. 
HYPOGLU'TIS, from 'wo, 'under/ and yXov- 
tos, 'the nates.' The lower and projecting part 
of the nates.- Gorrseus. 
HYPOGNATHADEN, Submaxillary gland. 
HYPOGNATHADENI'TIS,/7yjt>osmZarferu7t», 
from hypognathaden, the submaxillary gland, and 
itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
submaxillary gland. 
HYPOLEPSIOMANIA, Melancholy. 
HYPO'MIA, from 'wo, 'under, and 'the 
shoulder.' The projecting part of the shoulder.- 
Castelli, Galen. 
Hypomia, Axilla. 
HYPOMNESIS, Memory. 
HYPONAHTHECIE, Hyponarthe'cia, from 
'wo, 'under/ and vap0nl-, 'a splint.' A term used 
by M. Mayor for his mode of treating fractures 
by position only, - the limb resting upon a pro- 
perly cushioned board or splint. 
HYPONEU'RIA, from 'wo, 'under/ and vcv- 
pov, ' a nerve.' Morbidly diminished nervous 
energy. 
HYPON'OMOS, Ulcus subtus dcpas'cens, from 
'wo, ' under/ and vcpu>, ' I feed.' A deep fistula 
or ulcer. 
HYPON'YCHON, from 'wo, 'under/ and owl-, 
'the nail.' Ecchymo'ma Hyponychon. Effusion 
of blood under a nail. 
HYPOPATHI'A, Subaffec'tio, from 'wo, 'un- 
der/ and raboi, ' disease.' A disease of a slight 
character. 
HYPOPATUS, Dejectio. 
HYPOPE'DIUM, from 'wo, 'under/ and irovi, 
' the foot/ A cataplasm for the sole of the foot. HYPOPHASIS 
IIYPOPH'ASIS, from 'v-no, 'under/ and <j>aivb>, 
'I appear.' The state of the eyes in which the 
white only is seen through the opening of the 
eyelids. - Hippocrates. 
HYPOPHLEGMASIA, Subinflammatio. 
HYPOPH'ORA, from 'vno, ' under/ and 0cpa>, 
' I carry / Ulcus sinuo'sum seu fistula'sum. A fis- 
tulous ulcer.- Galen. A dejection. 
HYPOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon. 
HYPOPHTHAL'MION, from Wo, 'under/ 
and o<p$aXpo$, ' the eye.' That part under the eye 
where oedema generally commences in chronic 
diseases and in cachexia. - Hippocrates. 
HYPOPHYSIS, Cataract, Epigone - h. Cere- 
bri, Pituitary gland. 
HYPOP'ITYS LANUGINO'SA, American 
Pine-sap, False Beech-drops, Birds' Nest. Indi- 
genous ; flowering from June to August. Order, 
Ericaceae. Used as a nervine in the form of the 
powdered root. 
HYPO'PIUM, from Wo, 'under/ and wp, 
'eye.' The part of the face under the eye: - a 
black eye. 
Hypopium Os, Malae os. 
HYPOPLASMA, Hypinosis. 
IIYPOPLASTAi'MA, from 'vno, 'under/ irXa<r- 
rucos, 'formative/ and 'aipa, 'blood.' Diminished 
plasticity of the blood. 
HYPOPLEURIUS, Pleura. 
HYPOPO'DIA, Supplanta'Ha, Suppedn'nea, 
from 'vtto, 'under/ and irovt, 'the foot.' Reme- 
dies, as sinapisms, which are applied under the 
foot. 
HYPOP'YON, Hypop'yum, Hypophthal'mia, 
Pyophthal'mia, Empye'sis seu Diapye'sis Oc'uli, 
Oc'ulus purulen'tus, Lunella, Hypog' ala, Hypo- 
pyum lac'teum, Pyo'sis, Abscessus Oc'uli, Parop'- 
sis Staphylo'ma purulentum; from 'wo, 'under/ 
and uvov, 'pus/ because the pus is under the 
cornea. This name has been given to small ab- 
scesses between the laminae of the cornea, as well 
as to different purulent collections in the cham- 
bers of the eye; hence, some pathologists have 
distinguished Hypop'yon of the chambers from 
Hypop'yon of the Cor'nea. In abscesses of the 
chambers, the purulent matter is mixed with the 
aqueous humour, which it renders turbid; and is 
deposited particularly at the lower part of the 
eye; forming behind the cornea a kind of whitish 
crescent, that rises more or less before the pupil, 
and closes it entirely or in part. It requires the 
use of local and general antiphlogistics, and sor- 
befacicnts. At times, it is necessary to puncture 
the cornea and evacuate the pus. 
HYPOPYUM LACTEUM, Hypopyon. 
HYPORIN'ION, Hyporrhin'ium, from 'wo, 
'under/ and piv, 'the nose.' That part of the 
beard which grows beneath the nose. The mus- 
taches. Also, the upper lip. 
HYPORRHYSIS, Defluxion, Prolapsus. 
HYPOS A'PRUS, Subputris, Putres'cens. Grow- 
ing putrid. Slightly putrid. 
HYPOSAR'CA, from 'vno, 'under/ and aap%, 
' flesh.' Hyposarcid'ius, Anasarca. In LinnS's 
and in Cullen's Nosology, it is synonymous with 
Physconia. 
HYPOSARCIDIUS, Anasarca, Hyposarca. 
HYPOSARCO'SIS, from 'wo, ' under/ and 
capstan, 'a fleshy growth.* A small, fleshy 
growth : -a wart. 
HYPOSIAGONARTHRI'TIS, from Wo, 'un- 
der, o-iaywv, 'the jawbone/ apdpov, 'a joint/ and 
itis, denoting inflammation ; Infiamma'tio artic'- 
uli maxil'lce inferio'ris. Inflammation of the joint 
of the lower jaw. 
HYPOSIALADENITIS, Hypognathadenitis. 
462 
HYPOXYS ERECTA 
HYPOSPA'DIA, from 'vrro, 'under/ and arrow, 
' I draw.' A malformation, in which the canal 
of the urethra, instead of opening at the apex of 
the glans, terminates at its base, or beneath the 
penis, at a greater or less distance from the sym- 
physis pubis. When the orifice of the urethra is 
very near the root of the penis, the scrotum is 
divided, as it were, into two great labia; and 
this malformation has often been taken for a case 
of hermaphrodism. Hypospadias is ordinarily 
incurable; and an idea has been entertained that 
it is the cause of impotence. It is not exactly 
so; but it renders impregnation less probable. 
HYPOSPA'DIAS, Hypospadice'us, Hypospad'- 
icus. One affected with hypospadia. 
HYPOSPHAG'MA, from 'vrro, 'under/ and 
a<paip>, ' I kill.' The coagulated blood, which is 
collected when an animal is killed and used for 
food. Also, an effusion of blood, especially under 
the conjunctiva. 
Hyposphagma, Hasmophthalmia. 
HYPOSTAPHYLE, Staphylcedema. 
HYPOSTAPHYLITIS, Staphylcedema. 
HYPOS'TASES, from 'tore, 'under/ and araais, 
'the act of placing.' Morbid depositions in the 
body. 
HYPOSTASIS, Sediment. 
HYPOSTAT'IC, Hypostat'icus, from 'vrro, 'un- 
der/ and araats, ' stagnation.' Relating to hy- 
postases, sediments or depositions. 
Hypostatic HypeRjE'mia. A congestion of 
blood in the vessels of a part caused by its de- 
pending position. 
HYPOSTEMA, Sediment. 
HYPOSTHENIC, Contrastimulant. 
HYPOS'TROPHE, f 'change of po- 
sition/ from 'vrro, and erperpu, ' I turn.' Act of a 
patient turning himself. Also, a relapse or return 
of a disease. - Hippoc., Foesius. 
HYPOSYPH'ILIS, from rvm>, 'under,' and 
Syphilis. A mild form of syphilis. 
HYPOTH'ENAR, Sub'vola, from 'vko, 'under/ 
and Scvap, 'the palm of the hand or sole of the 
foot.* Hgpothenar Eminence. The fleshy projec- 
tion of the palmar surface of the hand, which cor- 
responds with the little finger, and is supported 
by the fifth metacarpal bone. This eminence is 
formed of four muscles : the Palmaris brevis, Ad- 
ductor minimi digiti, Flexor brevis minimi di- 
giti, and Opponens minimi digiti. The name 
Hypothenar has also been given to different mus- 
cles of the hand. The Hypothenar min'imi digiti 
of Riolan comprehended the Abductor, Flexor 
brevis and Opponens minimi digiti ; and his mus- 
cle, Hypothenar pol'licis, corresponded to the Ab- 
ductor, and a portion of the Flexor brevis pollicis. 
Winslow called muscle petit hypothenar ou hypo- 
thenar du petit doigt, the Adductor minimi digiti. 
Hypothenar Minimi Digiti, Flexor parvus 
minimi digiti - h. Minor metacarpeus, Abductor 
minimi digiti-h. Riolani, Flexor parvus minimi 
digiti. 
HYPOTIIETON, Suppository. 
HYPOTHYMIAMA, Fumigation. 
HYPOTHYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
HYPO'TIUM, /) from 'viro, 'un- 
der/ and ovs, 'the ear.' Emplastrum auricula're ; 
a plaster applied behind or under the ear. 
HYPOTROPE, Relapse. 
HYPOTROPH'IA,from 'vrro, 'under/ and 
'nourishment.' Scanty nourishment, or nutrition. 
HYPOTROPIASMUS, Relapse. 
IIYPOTRYGUS, Feculent. 
HYPOUTRION, Abdomen. 
HYPOX'YS EREC'TA, Stargrass; indige- HYPOZOMA 
nous; Order, Amaryllidaceae. The root is eaten, 
and has been used as a vulnerary; and in chronic 
ulcers and agues. 
HYPOZO'MA, from 'viro, 'under,'and favvvpi, 
' I bind round;' Membrana tuccin'gens. A mem- 
brane or septum, as the mediastinum, diaphragm, 
Ac. 
HYPPOCRAS, Claret. 
HYPSELOGLOSSUS, Basioglossus. 
HYPSILODES, OS, Hyoides, os. 
HYPSILOGLOSSUS, Hyoglossus. 
HYPSOPHO'NUS, from 'vif/os, 'high,' and <p&vri, 
' voice.' One who has a clear loud voice. 
HYPSOSIS, Sublimation. 
HYPTIASMA, Supination. 
HYPTIAS'MOS, from 'virnafw, 'I lie with the 
face upwards.' Lying in a supine posture. Also, 
inversion of the stomach, as in nausea, regurgi- 
tation, or vomiting. - Hippocr., Galen. 
HYPU'LUS, from 'viro, and ovXrj, 'cicatrix.' 
Imperfectly cicatrized. 
Ulcera Hypu'la. Ulcers healed at the top, but 
not at the bottom. 
HYRA'CEUM. A substance found in the 
Cape Colony, which Thunberg and other travel- 
lers mistook for a kind of bitumen; but, accord- 
ing to Dr. Pappe, it is obtained from the urine of 
the Klipdas or Hyrax Capensis, which, when 
passed, is thick and of a glutinous nature. The 
animal is in the habit of evacuating the urine at 
one spot, where its aqueous parts evaporate in 
the sun - the mora tenacious adhering to the 
rock and hardening. 
In smell, and medical properties, it most re- 
sembles castor, which, according to Dr. Pappe, it 
may replace. It is used by the Cape farmers in 
nervous and spasmodic affections. 
HYRAX CAPENSIS, see Hyraceum. 
HYRTOCHEILIDES, Labia pudendi. 
HYSSOP, Hyssopus - h. Hedge, Gratiola offi- 
cinalis. 
HYSSOPI'TES. Ancient name of a wine, of 
which hyssop was the chief ingredient, and which 
Dioscorides extolled in chronic inflammation of 
the chest. It was regarded as diuretic and em- 
menagogue. 
HYSSO'PUS, from the Hebr. Azob, Cassi'la, 
Hyssopus officina'lis, Common hyssop. It has been 
chiefly used as an aromatic, stimulant, and pecto- 
ral, in the form of infusion. 
HYSTERA,'v<rT£pa,'v<rTep>},'theuterus.' Hence: 
Hystera, Secundines. 
HYSTERAL'GIA, Hysterodyn'ia, (F.) Por- 
traiture, from 'vartpa, ' the uterus,' and aXyos, 
'pain.' Pain in the uterus. Irritable uterus, (F.) 
Ntvralgie de I'uterus. Hippocrates uses the epi- 
thet Hysteral'ges, varepahyris, for any thing that 
excites uterine pain; and, especially, for vinegar. 
Hysteralgia Catarrhalis, Metrorrheuma- 
h. Galactica, Phlegmatia alba dolens-h. Lochi- 
alis, Dyslochia-h. Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma. 
HYSTERATRE'SIA, from 'varcpa, 'the ute- 
rus,' and arpmros, 'imperforate.' Imperforation 
of the os uteri. 
HYSTERELCO'SISjfrom 'varcpa, 'uterus,'and 
'cXkos, ' an ulcer.' U'teri exulcera'tio, U'teri ulcus. 
Ulceration of the uterus. 
HYSTERELOSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
HYSTEREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
Hl STE'RIA, H. vaga, Hystericis'mus,Hysteris- 
mus, Hysterias, Hysteri'asis, Hysteropathi'a, Hy- 
percine'sia uteri'na, H. hyste'ria, Uteri adscen'- 
sus, Suffoca'tio hyster'ica, S. uteri'na, 8. Mulie'- 
rum, Asthma u'teri, Prafoca'tio matri'cis seu 
uteri'na, Syspa's'a hysteria, Malum hyster'icum, 
M. hystericohypochondri'acum, Vapo'res uteri'ni, 
463 
HYSTEROLOGY 
Affec'tio hyster'ica, Passio hysterica, Morbus hy- 
ster'icus, Strangula'tio uteri'na, S. Vulva, Va- 
pours, Hyster'ics, Hysteric fit, (F.) Hysterie, Mai 
de Mire, Maladie imaginaire, Passion hystlrique, 
Suffocation uterine, Etranglement, Epilepsie ute- 
rine, Vapeurs, Maux de Nerfs, from 'vartpa, 'the 
uterus.' A species of neurosis, classed amongst the 
spasmi by Sauvages and Cullen, and in the Neu- 
roses de la generation, by Pinel. It received the 
name of hysteria, because it was reputed to have 
its seat in the uterus. It generally occurs in 
paroxysms ; the principal characters of which con- 
sist in alternate fits of laughing and crying, with 
a sensation as if a ball set out from the uterus 
and ascended towards the stomach, chest, and 
neck, producing a sense of strangulation. If the 
attack be violent, there is, sometimes, loss of con- 
sciousness (although the presence of conscious- 
ness generally distinguishes it from epilepsy) and 
convulsions. The duration of the attacks is very 
variable. It appears to be dependent upon irre- 
gularity of nervous distribution in very impressi- 
ble persons, and is not confined to the female; 
for well marked cases of hysteria are occasionally 
met with in men. During the fit, - dashing cold 
water on the face; stimulants applied to the nose 
or exhibited internally, and antispasmodics form 
the therapeutical agents. Exercise, tranquillity 
of mind, amusing and agreeable occupations con- 
stitute the prophylactics. See Mania, dancing. 
Hysteria Cataleptica, Catalepsy - h. Vaga, 
Hysteria. 
HYSTERIAS, Hysteria. 
HYSTERIASIS, Hysteria. 
HYSTERICA, see Hysterical. 
HYSTERICAL, Hyster'icus, Va'pourish, Va'- 
pouring, (F.) Hyste'rique. Same etymon as hys- 
terical. Relating to, or affected with hysteria. 
The word hysterica was used by Martial for a 
female affected with nymphomania or with strong 
sexual desires. 
HYSTERICISMUS, Hysteria. 
HYSTERICS, Hysteria. 
HYSTEPIE, Hysteria. 
HYSTERISMUS, Hysteria. 
HYSTERITES, Hydrometra. 
HYSTERITIS, Metritis, Hydrometra. 
HYSTEROCARCINOMA, Metrocarcinoma. 
HYSTEROCE'LE, from 'vorcpa, 'the womb,' 
and Krfin, ' hernia.' Hernia uteri, Hernia of the 
womb. This is a rare disease. The womb may 
protrude through the inguinal or the crural canal, 
or through the lower part of the linea alba. 
Hysterocele Nuda, Prolapsus uteri. 
HYSTEROCOLICA, Colica uterina. 
HYSTEROCNES'MUS; from'vo'rcpa, 'uterus,' 
and Kvrwiw, 'itching.' Pruritus of the uterus or 
genitals. 
HYSTEROCYESIS, Pregnancy. 
HYSTERO-CYSTIC, Hys'terocys'ticus, from 
'vo-rcpa, 'the uterus,' and kvotcj, 'the bladder.' 
Relating to the uterus and bladder. Some au- 
thors have called Hystero-cystic Retention of urine, 
that which is caused by the compression of the 
bladder by the uterus, during pregnancy. 
HYSTERO-CYSTOCE'LE, from 'vorcpa, 'the 
womb,' kvctis, ' the bladder,' and Krjhif, ' a tumour.' 
Hernia of the uterus complicated with displace- 
ment of the bladder. 
HYSTERODYNIA, Hysteralgia. 
HYSTERCEDEMA, Hydrometra. 
HYS'TEROID, Hystero'des, Hysteroi'des, from 
'hysteria,' and color, 'resemblance.' Resembling 
hysteria; - as a hysteroid disease, symptom, 
HYSTEROL'OGY, Hysterolog"ia,frotn 'varepa, 
'the uterus,' and Aoyor, 'a description.' A trea- 
tise on the sound and morbid uterus. HYSTEROLOXIA 
HYSTEROLOX'IA, Hysterelo' sis, Oliq'uitas 
u'teri, Situs obli'quus uteri, Flexio seu Versio in- 
comple'ta uteri, Inclina'tio uteri, Metrolox'ia, Me- 
trocamps' is, Uterus obli'quus, U. Inclina'tus; from 
'varepa, 'the uterus,' and Xofoj, 'oblique.' An 
oblique position of the uterus, occurring during 
pregnancy. Anteversion of the uterus, Hystero- 
lox'ia anterior, Anteversio uteri, Prona'tio uteri, 
Venter propendens ; and Retroversion of the ute- 
rus, Hysterolox' ia posterior, Retrover'sio uteri, 
Reflex'io uteri completa, are varieties. 
HYSTEROMALA'CIA, Hysteromalaco'sis, Hy- 
steromalaco'ma, Metromalaco'sis, Metromalaco'ma, 
Malaco'sis uteri, Emollit"ies uteri morbosa, Pu- 
trescen'tia u'teri grav'idi, from 'urn-spa, ' the ute- 
rus,' and yaXaKia, 'softness.' Softness of the ute- 
rus during pregnancy, which renders it liable to 
rupture in labour. 
HYSTEROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia. 
HYSTEROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
HYSTEROMOCHLIUM, Lever. 
HYSTERON'CUS, from 'vm-spa, 'the uterus,' 
and ojkos, ' tumour.' Tumor uteri. A tumour of 
the uterus. 
IIYSTERO-PARAL'YSIS, from 'uarspa, 'the 
uterus,' and irapahuais, ' paralysis.' Paralysis of 
the uterus. 
HYSTEROPATIII'A, from 'umspa, 'the ute- 
rus,' and traftos, ' suffering.' Disease or suffering 
in the uterus. Also, hysteria, and deuteropathia. 
IIYSTEROPHYSE, Physometra. 
HYSTEROPH'YSIS, from 'varcpa, 'the ute- 
rus,' and <pvari, 'wind.' Distention of the uterus 
with air ; Emphysema uteri. 
HYSTEROPLEGIA, Hysteroparalysis. 
IIYSTEROPOLYPUS, Metropolypus. 
1IYSTEROPSOPHIA, Physometra. 
HYSTEROPTO'SIS, from 'vm-spa, 'the womb,' 
and Trruxnf, ' fall;' Prolapsus uteri. Also Inversio 
uteri, Anas'trophe uteri. In a general sense, a 
protrusion of any of the genital organs or of ex- 
464 
IATROTECIINA 
crescences from them into the genital passages; 
jEdoptoaia. 
Hysteroptosis, Prolapsus uteri - h. Vaginae 
prolapsus, Prolapsus vaginae. 
HYSTERORRHAGIA SANGUINEA, Me- 
torrhagia. 
HYSTERORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
HYSTERORRHCEA, Metrorrhagia-h. Mu- 
cosa, Leucorrhcea. 
HYSTEROSALPINX, Tube, Fallopian. 
HYSTEROSCIRRHUS, Metroscirrhus. 
HYS'TEROSCOPE, from 'varepa, 'the uterus,' 
and o-kottcoi, ' I view.' A metallic mirror, used in 
inspecting the state of the os uteri for throwing 
the rays of a taper to the bottom of the speculum 
uteri. - Colombat de 1'Isere. 
HYSTEROSTOMA, Os uteri. 
HYSTEROSTOMAT'OMUS, from 'varepa, 'the 
womb,' aropa, 'orifice,' and rcpveiv, 'to cut.' An 
instrument invented by Coutouly for dividing the 
os uteri, when it is important to deliver immedi- 
ately, as in cases of convulsions. 
HYSTEROSTOMIUM, Os uteri. 
HYSTEROTOM'IA, Hyaterot'omy. Same ety- 
mon as Hysterotomus. Caesarean section. Also, 
dissection of the uterus. 
HYSTEROTOMOTOCIA, Caesarean section. 
HYSTEROT'OMUS, from 'varepa, 'the womb,' 
and repveiv, 'to cut.' An instrument for dividing 
the womb through the vagina. It is a kind of 
Biatouri cache, and is intended to divide the cer- 
vix uteri. 
HYSTREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
HYSTRIASIS, Hystriciasis. 
HYSTRICI'ASIS, Hyatri'aaia, Hya'trix, Hya- 
tricia'mua, Ceroetro'aia, Tricho'eia aeto'sa, from 
'a hedgehog or porcupine.' A disease 
of the hairs, in which they stand erect like the 
quills of the porcupine. 
HYSTRICISMUS, Hystriciacis. 
HYSTRIX, Hystriciasis. 
HYVES, Hives. 
I. 
TAMA. Medicament. 
IAMATOLOGY, Materia medica. 
IAMATOSYNTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescrip- 
tion. 
IAMATOSYNTAXIS, see Composition. 
TAMATOTAXIOLOGIA, see Prescription. 
IASIMOS, Curable. 
IASIS, Curation. 
IATERIA, Medicina. 
IATERIUS, Medicinal. 
lATRALEIP'TICE, latraliptice (Ar«), latra- 
leiptic method; same etymon. The method of 
treating diseases adopted by the latraleiptes, - 
that is, by friction chiefly. 
lATRALEP'TES, latraleip'tes, latrcdip'ta, la- 
troleip'ten, Med'icut Unguenta'riua; from larpos, 
' a physician,' and 'I anoint.' One who 
treats diseases by unguents, frictions, and by ex- 
ternal means generally. Prodicus, a disciple of 
TEsculapius, was the chief of the latraleptes. 
IATRALIPTES, latraleiptes. 
IATRALIPTICE. latraleiptice. 
IATREUSIOLOG"IA, from tarpcvan, 'the ex- 
ercise of the art of healing,' and Xoyof, 'a de- 
scription.' The doctrine of the exercise of the 
healing art. - Reil. 
IATREUSIS. The exercise of the healing art. 
IATRIA, Medicine. 
IATRICE, Medicina. 
lATRI'NE, Medicina. Also, a female practi- 
tioner of medicine ; a midwife. 
lATRI'ON, latre'on, I'dtron. The house or 
office of a physician or surgeon. Also, the phy- 
sician's fee or honorarium. 
IATROCHEMIA, Chymiatria. 
IATROCIIYMIA, Chymiatria. 
lATROGNOM'ICAjZanw/now'jce; from tarpoi;, 
' a physician,' and yivoaKia, 'I know.' A know- 
ledge of medical objects. - Hufeland. 
IATROLEIPTES, latraleiptes. 
IATROLOG"IA, latrol'ogy, from tarpoj, 'a 
physician,' and Xoyoj, ' a description.' A treatise 
on physic and physicians. 
IATRO - MATHEMATICAL PHYSICIANS, 
latromathemat'ici. Mechanical physicians. 
IATROMECHANICI, Mechanical physicians. 
IATRON, latrion. 
IATROPHYSICS, Physics, medical. 
lATROSOPHIS'TA, from larpoj, 'aphysician,' 
and aotpirrrris, 'one skilled in an art or science.' 
A learned, or theoretically educated physician. 
lATROTECH'NA, latrotech'nee ; from <arp»;, IATROTECHNICE 
'a physician,' and reXvr), 'art.' A practical phy- 
sician or surgeon. 
IATROTECHNICE, Medicina, Therapeutics. 
IATRUS, Physician; also, a surgeon. 
IBERIS, Lepidium iberis. 
Ibe'ris Ama'ra, Bitter candytuft, (F.) Passe- 
rage. A small herbaceous plant, Ord. Crucifer®, 
indigenous in Europe, which was employed, of 
old, in gout, rheumatism, <tc. The seeds have been 
used, in the dose of one to three grains, in asthma, 
bronchitis, dropsy, and hypertrophy of the heart. 
It is saiil to possess acro-narcotic properties; but 
it is not much used. 
Iberis Bursa Pastoris, Thlaspi bursa - i. 
Campestris, Thlaspi campestre - i. Sophia, Car- 
damine pratensis. 
IBICUIBA, Becuiba, Becuiba rm. A species 
of nut from Brazil, the emulsive kernel of which 
is ranked amongst balsamic remedies. 
IBIS, iflis. A bird held sacred by the Egyp- 
tians. When sick, it is asserted that it was wont 
to inject the water of the Nile into its fundament: 
whence, according to Langius, was learned the 
use of glysters. 
IBISCHA MISMALVA, Althsea. 
IBISCUS, Althaea. 
IBIXUMA, Saponaria. 
ICE, Sax. ir, Gia'ties, Frozen water, (F.) Glace. 
Iced water is much used internally, as the best 
refrigerant in fever. It is, also, applied exter- 
nally, in cases of external inflammation, as well 
as in phreuitic and hernial affections, <tc. 
ICE-COLD, Icy cold, (F.)' Froid glacial. A 
very strong morbid sensation of cold, compared 
by the patient to that which would be produced 
by the application of pieces of ice. 
ICELAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. Hot 
springs are found in every part of Iceland. The 
most noted of these is one called Geyser, two 
days' journey from Hecla, and near Skalholt. 
The diameter of the basin is 59 feet; and the 
height to which the water is thrown is often more 
than 100. The heat of the water is 212°. 
ICE-PLANT, Mesembryanthemum crystalli- 
num, Monotropa uniflora. 
ICHNUS, The foot. The sole of the foot. 
The heel. 
ICHOR, Ichos. The serum of the blood, 
Sanies, Sordes, Virus, Pus malig'num, Tabum. 
A thin, aqueous, and acrid discharge. 
ICHOROIDES, Ichorous. 
IC 11'0 RO US, Ichoro'sus, Ichoro'i'des, Sanio'- 
sus, Sa'nious. Belonging to or resembling ichor. 
ICHTHYA, Hook, blunt. 
ICHTIIYOCOL'LA, from iX^>{, 'a Ash,' and 
KoXXa, 'glue.' Golla Pis'ciunt, Isinglass, Fish- 
glue, (F.) Ichthyocolle, Colle de Poisson. A name 
given to the dried fish-bladder of the Acipenser 
huso, and other species of acipenser, which is al- 
most wholly composed of gelatin, and is employed 
in medicine in the formation of nutritive jellies. 
It is, also, occasionally used in anatomical injec- 
tions. The English Court Plaster is made with it. 
ICIITHYOPH'AGISTS, Ichthyoph'agi, from 
<a fish,' and <f>ayaa, 'I eat.' People who 
feed habitually on fish;-generally the most un- 
civilized of mankind. 
ICHTHYOPHAGOUS, Piscivorous. 
ICHTHYOSE, Ichthyosis. 
ICHTHYO'SIS, from 'a fish,' from the 
resemblance of the scales to those of a fish. Le- 
pido'sis Ichthyi'asis, Lepra Ichthyo'sis, Lepido'- 
sis Ichthyo'sis, Alvaras nigra (Arab.), Impeti'go 
excorticati'va, (F.) Ichthyose; Fishskin, Porcu- 
pine Disease. A permanently harsh, dry, scaly, 
and, in some cases, almost horny texture of the 
integuments of the body, unconnected with in- 
ternal disorder. Willan and Bateman have two 
465 
IDEA 
varieties, I. simplex and I. cornea. Alibert has 
three, the I. nacrie or pearly, the I. cornee, and 
the I. pellagre or Pellagra. 
Ichthyosis Pellagra, Pellagra. 
Ichthyosis Seba'cea, Seba'ceous Ichtbyo'sis. 
A morbid incrustation of a concrete sebaceous 
substance upon the surface of the epidermis, con- 
founded, according to Mr. E. Wilson, with ich- 
thyosis, to which it bears a close resemblance. 
In many cases there is neither redness nor heat, 
nor is the affection often accompanied by consti- 
tutional symptoms. 
ICIITHYOTOX'ICUM, from 'a fish,' 
and ' a poison.' Fish poison. 
I'CICA ARACOUCHI'NI. AracoaeAtni is a 
balsam, extracted by incision, from this tree in 
Guyana. The Galibis use it for healing wounds. 
Icica Icicariba, see Amyris elemifera. 
IOTP RE, Icterus - i. Bleu, Cyanopathy - t. 
des Nouveau-nes, Icterus infantum - i. Noire, 
Melaena. 
ICTERIC FEVER, REMITTING, see Re- 
lapse. 
ICTERICUS, Antiicteric. Also, relating to, 
or resembling Icterus,-Ictero'des. 
JCTERITIA ALBA, Chlorosis-i. Flava, Icte- 
rus-i. Rubea, Erysipelas-i. Rubra, Erysipelas. 
ICTERODES, Ictericus. 
IC'TERUS, Ic'terus flavus, I. verus, from ornj, 
a species of weasel, whose eyes are yellow (?) 
Morbus arcua'tus vel arqua'tus, Auru'go, Auri'go, 
Morbus regius, Morbus lute'olus, Cholelith'ia icte- 
rus, Cholihoe'mia, Cholce'mia, Cholopla'nia, Cho- 
lo'sis, Dermatocholo'sis, Suffu'sio aurigino'sa seu 
fellis seu bills, Icteritia flava, Il'eus flavus, I. Ic- 
tero'ides, Cachex'ia icter'ica, Fellis suffu'sio, Fel- 
lis obstruc'tio, F. Superfu'sio, Bil'ious Dyscrasy, 
Jaundice, Yellows, (F.) Ictere, Jaunisse, Bile re- 
po ndue. A disease, the principal symptom of 
which is yellowness of the skin and eyes, with 
white faeces and high-coloured urine. It admits 
of various causes; in fact, any thing which can 
directly or indirectly obstruct the course of the 
bile, so that it is taken into the mass of blood and 
produces the yellowness of surface ; - the bile 
being separated by the kidneys, causes yellowness 
of urine, and its being prevented from reaching the 
intestine occasions the pale-coloured faeces. The 
prognosis, in ordinary cases, is favourable;-w hen 
complicated with hepatic disease, unfavourable. 
The treatment is simple : - an emetic or purga- 
tive, given occasionally so as to elicit the return 
of the bile to its ordinary channels; light tonics; 
unirritating diet; cheerful company, <tc. 
Icterus Albus, Chlorosis. 
Icterus Infan'tum, I. Neonato'rum, Peed id', 
erus, Auri'go neophy to'rum, Yellow gum, Yellow 
goten, (F.) Ictere des nouveau-nfs, is a common 
affection and frequently dependent upon obstruc- 
tion of the choledoch duct by the meconium. It 
requires time; and castor oil, occasionally. 
Icterus Melas, Melaena - i. Neonatorum, I. 
infantum-i. Niger, Melaena. 
Icterus Saturni'nus, Lead jaundice. The 
earthy-yellow hue in saturnine cachexy. 
ICTODES FG5TIDUS, Dracontiuin foetidnm. 
ICTUS. 'A stroke or blow;' Plege, Plaga, 
Ictus solis, a stroke of the sun. See Coup de so- 
ldi. Ictus, also, means the pulsation of an artery, 
and the sting of a bee or other insect. 
Ictus, Blow-i. Cordis et arteriarum, Pulse 
i. Sanguinis, Apoplexy-i. Solis, Coup de soldi. 
IDE'A, Idea, Ido'lum, Ideach (? Paracelsus) 
(F.) Idee. The image or representation of an 
object in the mind; from 'I see.' 
Ide'a, Fixed or Predom'ixant, 1'dea flxa, 
Ideopeg'ma. Tension of the mind on o:ie notion; 
often observed in insanity. IDEACH 
I'dea Morbi. Knowledge or idea of a disease. 
IDEACH, Idea. 
IDEAGENOUS, Sentient. 
IDE'AL, Idea'lis. Mental, notional, fancied. 
Morbi ideales. Ideal diseases. Diseases of 
the imagination. 
IDEE, Idea. 
IDEN'TITY (PERSONAL), Iden'titas, from 
idem, ' the same.' Sameness. It is sometimes a 
question in legal medicine to decide upon per- 
sonal identity: that is, whether an individual be 
the same he represents himself to be. Physical 
marks form the great criteria. 
IDEOL'OGY, Ideolog"ia, from eibet, 'I see,' 
and Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' The science of ideas. 
Intellectual philosophy. 
IDEOPEGMA, Idea, fixed. 
IDEOSYNCHYSIE, Delirium. 
IDIANQ3A, Idiotism. 
IDIOCRASIS, Idiosyncrasy. 
IDIOCTONIA, Suicide. 
IDIO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
IDIOPATHI'A, Idiopathei'a, Protopathi' a, 
Pro'prius affectus, Morbus idiopath'icus seu pro- 
prius seu prima'rius seu protopath'icus seu ori- 
gina'lis, Malum prima'rium, from ibios, 'peculiar, 
proper,' and iraSos, 'an affection.' A primary 
disease; one not depending on any other. 
IDIOPATII'IC, Pro'prio hab'itu seu Constitu- 
tin'ne pro'pria pendens, Idiopath' icus, Idiop'a- 
thes. Primary affections and their symptoms are 
so denominated. 
IDIOPTCY, Achromatopsia. 
IDIOPTS, see Achromatopsia. 
IDIOSYNCRASIA, Idiosyncrasy-i. Hsemor- 
rhagica, Hsematophilia-i. Olfactoria, Parosmia. 
IDIOSYN'CRASY, Idioc'rasy, Idiosyn'crasis, 
Idiosyncra'sia, Idiotroph'ia, Idioc'rasis, Idiosyn- 
cris'ia, from ititos, 'peculiar,' <rvv, 'with,' and 
Kpaaif, 'temperament.' A peculiarity of consti- 
tution, in which one person is affected by an 
agent which, in numerous others, would produce 
no effect. Thus shell-fish, bitter almonds, pro- 
duce urticaria in some, by virtue of their idiosyn- 
crasies. Others faint at the sight of blood, Ac. 
ID'IOT, Idio'ta, ' foolish, stupid, ignorant.' 
Now used for one who is fatuous, or who does 
not possess sufficient intellectual faculties for the 
social condition, and for preserving himself from 
danger, - Homo fat'uus. In law, one who has 
been without understanding from his birth, and 
whom the law presumes to be never likely to at- 
tain any. 
IDIOTIA, Idiotism. 
IDIOTIE, Idiotism. 
ID'IOTISM, Idiotis'mus, Idioti'a, Idianoe'a, 
Imbecil'litas mentis; Mo'ria demens, Ante'a, Mo'- 
ria, Moro'sis, Meio'sis, Fatu'itas, Amen'tia, Stu- 
pid'itas, Vecor'dia, Imbecill'itas Inge'nii, Id'iocy, 
Id'iotcy, Fatu'ity. (F.) Demence innee, Idiotisme, 
Idiotic. Same etymon. A species of unsound 
mind, characterized by more or less complete ob- 
literation of the intellectual and moral faculties. 
It may supervene on mania and melancholia, 
when it is termed Demen'tia, but more commonly 
it depends upon original conformation. It may 
also, be symptomatic of organic disease of the 
brain, which has come on after birth. Idiotism 
exists in various degrees. Some idiots are mere 
automata, exhibiting scarcely any sensibility to 
external impressions; others are capable of arti- 
culating a few words, and possess certain mental 
emotions to a limited extent. The physiognomy 
is usually vacant, step unsteady, and articulation 
imperfect or broken. The affection is almost al- 
ways incurable; but it may often be palliated. 
IDIOTISME, Idiotism. 
TDIOTROPHIA, Idiosyncrasy. 
466 
ILEO 
IDOLUM, Hallucination, Idea. 
IDROSIS, Ephidrosis. 
IF, Taxus baccata. 
IFFIDES, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
IGDE, Mortar. 
IGDIS. Mortar. 
IGNA'TIA AMA'RA, Strychnos Igna'tii, Ig- 
natia'na Philippin'ica. The systematic name 
of the plant which affords St. Ignatius's Bean. 
Faba In'dica, Faba Sancti Igna'tii, Faba febrif- 
uga, (F.) Ignatie, Five de Saint Ignace. The 
seeds are bitter and poisonous, containing Strych- 
nia ; which see. 
IGNA TIE, Ignatia amara. 
IGNAVIA, Inertia - i. seu Ignavitas partium 
genitalium, Impotence. 
IGNIS, ' fire.' Hence: 
Ignis Actualis, Cauterium-i. Animalis, Ani- 
mal heat. 
Ignis Cal'idus. 'A hot fire.' A violent in- 
flammation, about to degenerate into gangrene. 
Ignis Columella:, Erysipelas. 
Ignis Frig"idus. 'A cold fire.' Sphacelus. 
Ignis Naturalis, Animal heat. 
Ignis Persicus, Anthrax, Herpes zoster - i. 
Philosophicus, Phosphorus - i. Potentialis, see 
Cauterium-i. Sacer, Erysipelas, Herpes zoster- 
i. Sancti Antonii, Erysipelas. 
Ignis Sapien'tium. The ancient name for the 
heat of horses' dung. 
Ignis Sylvat'icus, I. sylves'tris, I. volat'icus, 
I. vola'grius, Stroph'ulus sylves'tris, S. volat'icus, 
(F.) Feu sauvage, F. volage, Flamboise. Proba- 
bly, the Porri'go larva'lis or Crusta lactea of in- 
fants. Also, a transient redness of the face and 
neck, sometimes observed in hysterical and chlo- 
rotic females. 
Ignis Sylvestris, I. sylvaticus - i. Vitalis, 
Animal heat-i. Volagrius, I. sylvaticus-i. Vo- 
laticus, I. sylvaticus. 
IGNIVOROUS, Pyrophagus. 
IGNYE, Poples. 
IGNYS, Poples. 
ILAPHIS, Arctium lappa. 
ILEA, Flanks. 
ILECH, Y'lech, llei'as, Hias'ter, Ylia'ter, Eli- 
as'ter, Ilias'trum, Ilei'ados, Ilei'dos, Ilei'adum, 
Ili'adus. Terms used by Paracelsus to desig- 
nate the first matter: - the beginning of every 
thing. 
ILEIADOS, Dech. 
ILETADUM, Ilech. 
ILEIAS, Ilech. 
ILEIDOS, Ilech. 
ILEI'TIS: from ileum, 'the intestine ileum,' 
and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the ileum. 
ILEO-CHOLOSIS, Diarrhoea, bilious. 
IL'EO-COLIC, Heo-col'icus. Relating to the 
ileum and colon :-as the ileo-colic valve or valve 
of Bauhin. 
ILEO-COLITIS, Enteritis. 
ILEO-DICLIDITE, see Typhus. 
ILEO-LUMB AR, Ileo-lumba'lis, Hio-lumba'ris. 
Belonging to the ilium and lumbar region. 
Ileo-lumbar Artery, Ilio-lumbar artery, Ili- 
aco-mus'cular, (Ch.) is given off by the hypogas- 
tric, opposite the base of the sacrum. It ascends 
behind the psoas muscle, and divides into two 
branches;-an ascending and a transverse, which 
give off numerous ramifications to the neighbour- 
ing parts. 
Ileo-lumbar Ligament, Ilio-lumbar Lig'a- 
ment, Ilio-lumbo-ver'tebral ligament, Vertebro- 
iliac ligament, is a broad, membraniform, trian- 
gular ligament, extending horizontally from the 
transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebrae to ILEON 
the upper and posterior part of the iliac crest. It 
unites the vertebral column with the pelvis. 
IL'EON, Il'eum, Eil'eon, Il'ium, Intesti'num 
circumvolu'tum, from eiXciv, 'to turn,' 'to twist,' 
Anatomists have given this name to the longest 
portion of the small intestine, which extends 
from the jejunum to the cascum. It was so 
called, from its forming a considerable number 
of convolutions. 
ILEOPYRA, see Typhus. 
ILEOSIS, Ileus. 
ILEO-TYPHUS, see Typhus. 
ILES, Flanks. 
IL'EUS, Eil'eos, from r<Xr«, ' I twist or con- 
tract.' Co'lica Ileus, Enterele'eia, Enterelo'sis, 
Colica spasmod'ica, Ileus spasmod'icus, Chordap'- 
sus, Passio Ili'aca, Iliac Passion, Vol'vulus, Ileo'- 
sis, Misere're mei, Convolvulus, Tormen'tum, In- 
tercep'tio Intestino'rum, Enterosteno'sis volvulus, 
(F.) Colique de Misericorde, C. de Miserere. A 
disease, characterized by deep-seated pain of the 
abdomen, stercoraceous vomiting, and obstinate 
constipation. It is occasioned by hernia or other 
obstruction to the passage of the fseces through 
a part of the intestinal canal, Enterosto'sis. The 
term Ileus has been applied to various affections 
-to simple nervous colic, intussusception, and to 
strangulation of the small intestine, <tc. Various 
remedies have been employed;-the majority for 
the purpose of procuring alvine evacuations,-as 
purgatives, in draught, pill, or glyster; supposi- 
tories, tobacco glysters; pure mercury; leaden 
bullets; antispasmodics and narcotics; blisters 
to the epigastrium ; ice by the mouth, or injected 
into the rectum. Some of these have, occasion- 
ally, succeeded, - especially the tobacco glyster, 
and ice to the tumour, where the disease has been 
occasioned by strangulated hernia. It is very 
dangerous. 
Ileus Flaws, Icterus-i. Icteroides, Icterus 
-i. Inflammatorius, Enteritis. 
ILEX AQUTFO'LIUM. The systematic name 
of the Common Holly, Aquifo'lium, Agrifo'lium, 
(F.) Houx, H. commun ou Chene vert. The leaves 
of this plant have been recommended as tonic, 
astringent, and antiseptic, and have been pre- 
scribed in atonic gout; intermitients ; dyspepsia, 
<tc. Il'icine, the active principle, has also been 
advised. It is obtained by dissolving the alco- 
holic extract of the leaves of the holly in water, 
and successively treating it with the subacetate 
of lead, sulphuric acid, and carbonate of lime. 
The Altered and evaporated product is then dis- 
solved in alcohol; and the mixture filtered and 
evaporated in shallow vessels. » 
Ilex Cassine, Ilex vomitoria. 
Ilex Major. From the berries of this tree, 
called by the Spaniards Bellotas, a juice may be 
expressed, which forms a slightly astringent 
emulsion with water, and has been recommended 
by some Spanish physicians in humid cough, hae- 
moptysis, <fcc. 
Ilex Mate, Hex paraguensis. 
Ilex Opa'ca, American Holly, grows through- 
out the Atlantic portion of the United States. It 
is said to possess the same properties as the Eu- 
ropean variety. 
Ilex Paraguen'sis, Yibur'num Iceviga'tum seu 
Cassinoi'des, Cassi'ne Perag'ua seu Carolinia'na, 
I. Mate; a native of Paraguay, which affords 
the celebrated Mattee, or Mate, Folia Apalachi- 
nes seu Per'agua, is drunk in place of the Chinese 
tea by the people of Paraguay. 
Ilex Vomito'ria, Ilex Casi'ne, Cassi'na, Da- 
hoon holly, Apalach'ine Gallis, South-Sea Tea, 
Ev'ergreen Cassi'ne, Cassee'na, Yaupon, Yopon, 
(F.) ThA des Apalachee, Houx Apalachine, Apa- 
lachine, ThA de la Mer du Sud. A tree, indige- 
467 
ILIASTRUM 
nous in the southern parts of the United States. 
The leaves, when dried, are aromatic, stimulant, 
stomachic, and expectorant, and are used as a 
tea. When fresh, they are emetic and cathartic. 
ILIA, Flanks. 
ILIAC, Ili'acus, from Ilia, 'the flanks.' Re- 
lating to, or connected with, the flanks. 
Iliac Arteries, Arte'ri® Iliaca. This term 
has been given to several arteries. The Primary 
Ilsacs, (F.) A. Iliaques primitives,-Pelvicrurales, 
(Ch.) arise from the bifurcation of the aorta, op- 
posite the body of the 4th lumbar vertebra, and 
descend, in a divergent manner; until, opposite 
the sacro-iliac symphysis, they divide into two 
considerable trunks,-the internal Iliac or hypo- 
gastric (which see)' and the external Iliac-Por- 
tion I Haque de la crurale, (Ch.) This proceeds 
from the sacro-iliac juncture as far as the crural 
arch, when it assumes the name Femoral Artery. 
Before passing under the arch it gives off two 
pretty considerable branches, - the Epigastric, 
and the .Circumflexa Ilii. This last, which is 
called, also, anterior Iliac by some anatomists,- 
Circonflexe de VIlium; (Ch.) leaves the external 
iliac at the crural arch. It ascends along the 
outer edge of the iliacus muscle, and divides into 
two branches-an internal and an external. 
The Iliaca Inter'na Minor vel Ilio-lumbal'is is 
a small artery, which sometimes arises from the 
hypogastric; at others, from the beginning of the 
gluteal. It is sent, chiefly, to the psoas and ilia- 
cus internus muscles. 
Iliac Crest, Crista Il'ii, is the upper margin 
of the ilium. (F.) Crete Iliaque. It is very thick, 
and curved like the Italic £ It affords attach- 
ment to the broad muscles of the abdomen. 
Iliac Fossa: are two in number; the internal, 
the depression presented by the ilium on its inte- 
rior, and at the upper part in which the Iliacus 
internus is lodged :-and the external, an excava- 
tion on the outer surface of the same bone, occu- 
pied by the Glutai muscles. 
Iliac Muscle, Internal, lli'acus internus 
Muscle, Iliacus, Iliaco-trochanterien (Ch.); Fe- 
mur moven'tium sep'timus, Iliac tnnscle, is situate 
in the fossa iliaca, and at the anterior and supe- 
rior part of the thigh. It is broad, radiated, tri- 
angular ; and is attached, above, to the two upper 
thirds of the fossa iliaca, and to the internal part 
of the iliac crest:-below, it terminates by a ten- 
don, which is common to it and the psoas mag- 
nus, and is fixed into the lesser trochanter. When 
this muscle contracts, it bends the pelvis on the 
thigh, and conversely. It is also a rotator of the 
thigh outwards, and prevents the trunk from 
falling backwards. 
Iliac Passion, Ileus. 
Iliac Regions, Regio'nes ili'aca, Inan'ia, are 
the sides of the abdomen between the ribs and 
the hips. 
Iliac Spines, Spinous Proc"esses of the Ilium, 
are four in number. They are distinguished into 
anterior and posterior. Of the anterior, one is 
superior. It bounds the crista ilii anteriorly, and 
affords origin to the sartorius muscle. The other 
is inferior, and receives the tendinous origin of 
the rectus femoris. 
The two Posterior Iliac Spines are divided, 
like the anterior, into superior and inferior. They 
afford insertion to strong ligaments, which unite 
the ilium with the sacrum. 
ILIACO-TROCHANTERIEN, Iliacus inter- 
nus. 
ILIACUS, I. internus-i. Externus, Pyramid- 
alis. 
ILIADUS, Hech. 
ILIASTER, Ilech. 
ILIASTRUM, Ilech. ILINGOS 
ILINGOS, Vertigo. 
IL IO-AB DO MIN AL, Obliquus internus abdo- 
minis-i. Aponevrosi-fimoral, Fascia lata muscle 
•-i. Costal, Quadratus lumborum-i. Cresti-tibial, 
Sartorius - i. Femoral, Coxo-femoral-i. Hypo- 
gastricus (nervus), Musculo-cutaneous nerve, su- 
perior- i. Inguinal, Musculo-cutaneous nerve, 
inferior - i. Ischii-trochanterien, Glutaeus mini- 
mus- i. Lombo-costo-abdominal, Obliquus in- 
ternus abdominis-i. Lumbalis, Ileo-lumbar, see 
Iliac arteries-i. Lumbi-costal, Quadratus lumbo- 
rum-i. Lumbo-vertebral ligament, Ileo-lumbar- 
ligament. 
IL'IO-PECTINEA, belonging to the ilium and 
to the pecten or pubis. 
Ilio-pectineal Eminence is so called from 
being formed by the junction of the ramus of the 
ilium with that of the pubis. It affords attach- 
ment to the psoas minor. 
Ilio-pectinea Linea, Linea innomina'ta, is 
the projecting line or ridge of the ilium and pu- 
bis, which forms part of the brim of the pelvis. 
ILI0-PBET1BIAL, Sartorius. 
Ilio-Psoi'tis, from IZium, 'the ilion,' 
' the loins,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the ilium and psoas muscle. 
ILIO-PUBO-COSTO-ABDOMINAL, Obli- 
quus externus abdominis-t. Rotulien, Rectus fe- 
moris-i. Sacral, Sacro-iliac-i. Sacral articula- 
tion, Sacro-iliac articulation - i. Sacro-femoral, 
Glutaeus major-i. Scrotal nerve, Musculo-cuta- 
neous, superior-t. Trochantirien, Glutaeus me- 
dius-i. Trochanterien petit, Glutaeus minimus. 
IL'ION, Il'ium, Il'eum, Haunch bone. The 
largest of the three bones which constitute the 
os innominatum in the foetus and child. It was 
probably so called from its seeming to support 
the intestine ilion; or, perhaps, because its crest 
is curved upon itself, from tiXtio, ' I twist,' ' I 
roll.' This portion of the os innominatum is 
usually so called in the adult. The posterior 
surface is called Dorsum, the internal Venter. 
The upper semicircular edge is the Crista or 
Spine, at the anterior part of which is the ante- 
rior and superior spinous process ; and, below, 
the anterior and inferior spinous process. At the 
back part of the spine are two spinous processes, 
the posterior and superior, and posterior and in- 
ferior. See Iliac. 
ILITHYI'A, EiXciOvia, Luci'na, Juno Lucina. 
The goddess who presided over parturient fe- 
males, with the Greeks and Romans. 
ILIUM, Ileum, Ilion. 
ILKESTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Ilkeston is in Derbyshire, England, about eight 
miles from Nottingham. The water contains car- 
bonates of lime and soda, chloride of calcium, 
sulphate of magnesia, sulphate of soda, carbonic 
acid, sulphohydric acid, and a little iron. 
ILLACIIRYMATIO, Epiphora. 
ILLECEBRA, Sedum - i. Major, Sedum tele- 
phium. 
ILLECEBRUM VERMICULARE, Sedum. 
ILLEGITIMATE, Hlegit'imus, from il,in, 'ne- 
gation or opposition,' and legitimus, 'legitimate;' 
from lex, legis, ' law.' That which is contrary to 
law : which has not the conditions required by 
law,-as an illegitimate birth-one out of wedlock. 
Illegitimate or Bastard Fevers are those 
whose progress is anomalous. 
ILLIC'TUM ANISA'TUM, Yellow-flowered 
Anise, An'iseed Tree, Star Anise, Ani'sum stella'- 
tum, Anistim Sinen'se, Semen Badian, (F.) Anis 
de la Chine, A. etoile, Badiane. Pam. Magno- 
liaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. The 
seeds are used like the aniseed. The same tree is 
468 
IMPACTION 
supposed to furnish the aromatic bark, called 
Cortex Ani'si Stella'ti, Cortex Larola. 
Illicium Anisatum is said to furnish much of 
the so called Oil of Anise, used in the United 
States. * 
Illicium Florid a'num, Florida Anise Tree, 
Star Anise, Sweet Laurel. An evergreen shrub, 
the bark, leaves, <fcc., of which have a spicy odour 
like anise, and might be used for it. 
Illicium Parviflo'rum, a shrub of the hilly 
regions of Georgia and Carolina, has a flavour 
closely resembling that of sassafras root. 
ILLINITIO, Inunction. 
ILLITIO, Inunction. 
ILLITUS, Inunction. 
ILLOS, Eye, see Strabismus. 
ILLO'SIS, Ilo'sis, from iAXos, 'the eye.' Dis- 
tortion of the eyes. Strabismus. 
ILLUSIO SENSES, Hallucination. 
ILLUSION, Hallucination. 
ILLUTAMENTUM, see Illutatio. 
ILLUTA'TIO, from il, in, 'upon,' and lutum, 
'mud.' A word used, by the ancients, for the 
act of covering any part of the body with mud,- 
illutamen'tum - with therapeutical views. 
ILOSIS, Illosis. 
IMAGINA'TION, Imagina'tio, Figura'tio, 
Phanta'sia, Dianoe'ma, from imago, 'image.' 
The faculty of forming in the mind an assem- 
blage ef images and combinations of ideas which 
are not always in connexion with external ob- 
jects. 
IMBALSAMATION, Embalming. 
IMBECIL'ITY, Imbecil'litas, Stupid'itas, IIe- 
betu'do an'imi. Weakness, especially of the in- 
tellect; incoherency; Imbecil'litus mentis. 
IMBECILLIS, Infirm. 
IMBECILLITAS INGENII, Idiotism, Imbe- 
cility- i. Mentis, Idiotism, Imbecility - i. Ven- 
triculi, Gasterasthenia. 
IMBELLIS AD VENEREM, Frigid. 
IMBER'BIS, Jmber'bus, Agenei'os, Apo'gon, 
from im, in, 'negation,' and barba, 'beard.' One 
devoid of beard. 
IMBIBITIO, Absorption, Imbibition. 
IMBIBIT"ION, Imbibit"io, Emp'osis, Endos- 
mose, Aspiration, from imbibere (in, and bibere), 
'to drink, to imbibe.' The action, by which a 
body becomes penetrated by a liquid. See En- 
dosmose. Many of the phenomena of absorption 
are owing to imbibition. 
IMBREX NARIUM, Septum narium. 
IMBRICARIA SAXATILIS, Lichen saxatilis. 
IMMERSUS, Subseapularis muscle. 
IM'MINEN-CE, Imminen'tia, from im, and ma- 
nere, ' to stay.' Staying over, or upon ; impend- 
ing. Some authors have designated, by this 
term, the period which precedes the invasion of 
a disease; when certain indications foretell its 
approach. 
IMMINENCE MORBIDE, Diathesis, Predis- 
position. 
IMMISSIO CATHETERIS, Catheterismus. 
IMMISSOR, Catheter. 
IMMOBILITAS, Acinesia-i. Pupillae, Amau- 
rosis. 
IMMODERANTIA, Intemperance. 
IMMODERATIO, Intemperance. 
IMMOVABLE APPARATUS, see Apparatus, 
immovable. 
IMMUTANS, Alterative. 
IMPAC'TION, Impac'tio, from impingere (in, 
and pangere), ' to strike against.' A fracture of 
the cranium, ribs, or sternum, with depression of 
some of the fragments and projection of others 
externally. See Ecpiesma. IMPATIENS 
IMPA'TIENS BALSAMI'NA, Balsam weed, 
Touch-me-not. This probably resembles the other 
species in its properties. 
Impa'tiens Fulva and I. Pal'lida, Touch- 
me-not, Jewel weed, Balsam weed, Slippers, Cel'- 
andine, Quick-in-the-hand, Weath'ercocks. Indi- 
genous plants, having tender, juicy, almost trans- 
parent stems, and yellow flowers, which appear 
in July and August. It is found in low, moist 
ground, in every part of the Union. The pro- 
perties are probably the same as those of 
Impa'tiens Noli-me-tan'gere of Europe,which 
has an acrid taste, and acts as an emetic, cathar- 
tic, and diuretic. 
IMPEDIMENTUM, Emphragma. 
IMPERATO'RIA, I. Ostru'thium, Seli'num 
ostru'thium, S. Imperato'ria, Angel'ica officina'lis, 
Astruthium, Ostruthium, Astran'tia, Magistran'- 
tia, Masterwort, (old F.) Austruche. The roots 
of this plant were formerly considered divinum 
remedium. They are merely aromatic and bitter, 
and are not used. 
Imperatoria Sylvestris, Angelica sylvestris. 
IMPERFORATE, Atretus. 
IMPERFORATIO, Imperforation-i. Ani, 
Atresia ani adnata, Proctatresia - i. Pupillae, 
Synezizis- i. Uteri, Metratresia. 
IMPERFORA'TION, from im, ' in,' per, 
'through',andforare, 'to bore.' Imperfora'tio,Atre'- 
sia, Atretis'mus, Cap'etus. Absence of a natural 
aperture ; as, of the mouth, anus, vulva, nostrils, 
Ac. It is congenital, being dependent upon faulty 
conformation. 
IMPERFORATION DE L'ANUS, Atresia 
ani adnata. 
IMPE'RIAL. A pleasant, cooling drink, formed 
of hitartrate of potassa, one lemon, cut into 
slices; white sugar, ibss: and icater, Oiij. Let 
the mixture stand for half an hour, and strain. 
IMPETIGINOSITAS, Impetigo. 
IMPETI'GO, from impeto, 'I infest.' Impeti- 
ginos'itas, Darta, Der'bia, Im'petus, Peti'go, Ec- 
pye'sis impeti'go, Phlysis impeti'go, Lepra squam- 
mo'sa, Running Scali or Tetter, Crusted Tetter, 
Pustular or Humid Tetter, Scali, Cowrap, (F.) 
Dartre, D. crustacle, D. cr oil t euse, Lepre humide, 
Mtlitagre. A word used in various acceptations. 
With some writers it is synonymous with itch. In 
others, it means a variety of herpes. Sauvages 
employs it as a generic term, under which he 
comprises syphilis, scorbutus, rachitis, elephanti- 
asis, the itch, tinea, scrofula, Ac. It forms, also, 
a genus in the class Cachexia of Cullen. In 
Bateman, it is the first genus of the 5th order, 
Pustules, and is defined - the humid or running 
tetter; consisting of small pustules, denominated 
Psydracia. It is unaccompanied by fever; not 
contagious, or communicable by inoculation. He 
has five species : - the /. figura'ta, I. sparsa, 
I. erysipelato'des, I. scab'ida, and I. rodens. See 
Psoriasis. 
Impetigo Excorticativa, Ichthyosis - i. Fi- 
gurata, Porrigo lupinosa - i. Pellagra, Pellagra 
- i. Ulcerata, Zerna. 
IMPETUM FACIENS, Enormon. 
IMPETUS, Impetigo, Paroxysm. 
IMPLICATIONES RETICULARES NER- 
VORUM, Plexus nervorum. 
IMPLIC"ITI MORBI, Tmplica'ti seu compli- 
ca'ti Morbi. Diseases, which exist in an organ; 
and produce, concurrently, disorders in other 
organs. 
IMPLUVIUM, Embrocation, Bath, shower. 
IMPOSTHUME, Abscess. 
IM'POTENCE, Acrati'a, Impoten'tia, I. gene- 
ran'di, Agenne'sia, Agen'nesis, Igna'via seu Ig- 
nav'itas partium genita'lium, (F.) Impuissance; 
from im, 'priv.,' and votens, ' able.' Loss of power 
469 
INCARCERATION 
over one or more of the members. Commonly, it 
means want of sexual vigour; incapacity for co- 
pulation; and chiefly on the part of the male. 
Asty'sia, Astyph'ia, Asyno'dia, Adynamia viri'lis. 
It has, also, been used synonymously with steri- 
lity. Impotence may be absolute or relative, con- 
stitutional or local, direct or indirect, permanent 
or temporary. 
IMPOTENTIA, Adynamia, Impotence-i. Ge- 
nerandi, Impotence. 
IMPOV'ERISHED, Effe'tus, Depaupera'tus, 
(F.) Appauvri. 'Having become poor;' origi- 
nally from (L.) pauper, 'poor.' The Humorists 
applied this epithet to a humour, deprived of a 
part of its constituents, and particularly to the 
blood. This fluid was considered to be impove- 
rished when it was pale, without the proper con- 
sistence, and abounding in serum. It was, on 
the contrary, rich, in their opinion, when of a 
scarlet colour; possessing consistence; when it 
coagulated promptly, and the quantity of serum, 
compared with that of the clot, was by no means 
considerable. < 
IMPRJEGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
IMPREGNATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
IMPRESSIBILITY, GREAT, Hyperaesthesis. 
IMPRES'SION, Impres'sio (in, and premere, 
pressum, 'to press'), Pros'bole, (F.) Empreinte. 
A more or less deep indentation which certain 
organs seem to make on others. Inequalities 
observable on the bones, which appear to be 
made by the subjacent organs. 
Impres'sions Dig"ital, Impressio'nes diyita'tce 
cra'nii, Fossa digita'les, are the depressions of 
various forms, observable at the inner surface of 
the cranium, which look, at first view, as if they 
were made with the fingers. 
IMPU'BER, Impu'bes, Impu'bis, Ane'bus, Ca- 
pilia'tus, from in, 'negation,' nnd pubertas, 'pu- 
berty.' (F.) Impublre. One who has not attained 
the age of puberty. 
IMPUBES, Impuber. 
IMPUDICUS, see Digitus. 
IM PUISSANCE, Impotence. 
IMPULSE, DIAS'TOLIC, Back stroke of the 
heart. A jog or stroke which has been termed 
the 'back stroke,' felt at the end of each pulsa- 
tion, and which would seem to be owing to the 
refilling of the ventricles. 
Impulse of the Heart, see Heart. 
IMPURITATES ALVINA, Faeces. 
INANIA, Iliac regions. 
INANITIATED, see Inanitiation. 
INANITIA'TION, Inanitia'tio, same etymon. 
The act of being exhausted for want of nourish- 
ment. One so exhausted is said to be inanitiated. 
INANIT"ION, Zn«ntt"to, Inan'itas, from ina- 
nire, ' to empty.' Ceno'sis. Exhaustion for want 
of nourishment. To die from inanition is to die 
from exhaustion. 
INAPPETENTIA, Anorexia, Dysorexia. 
INARTICULATIO, Enarthrosis. 
INAURA'TION, Inaura'tio, from in, and an- 
rum, ' gold.' The gilding of pills or boluses. 
INCANTAMENTUM, Charm. 
INCANTA'TION, Incanta'tio, Incantamen'- 
tum, Ep'ode, from tn, and cantare, ' to sing,' 
for example, a magical song. A mode of curing 
diseases by charms, <tc., defended by Paracelsus, 
Van Ilelmont, and others. 
INCARCERA'TIO, Chatonnement, Incarcera- 
tion- i. Intestinorum interna, Enteremphraxis 
- i. Intestinorum. Enteroperistole. 
INCARCERATION, Incarcera'tio, from in, 
'in,' and career, 'prison.' Hernia is said to be 
incarcerated, Hernia incarcera'ta, when, owing 
to constriction about the neck of the hernial sao 
or elsewhere, it cannot be reduced with facility INCARNANS 
Incarceration is sometimes used in the same sense 
as strangulation. 
INC AR'N ANS, Incarnati'vus, Sarco'ti cub, Stal'- 
ticus, Piero'ticus, Anaplero'ticuB, Sarcot'ic, from 
in, and caro, carnie, ' flesh.' Medicines, which 
were fancied to promote the regeneration of the 
flesh. Certain bandages and sutures have, also, 
been so called. 
INCARNATIO, Incarnation - i. Unguium, 
Onychogryphosis. 
INCARNA'TION, Incarna'tio, same etymon. 
Growth of flesh or granulations. 
INCARNATUS, Carneous. 
INCEN'DIUM, from incendere {in, and can- 
dere), 'to burn.' Pyrcae'a, irvpxaia, Caueia, Phlo- 
go'sia. A burning fever or any burning heat. - 
Tncen'dttwn fehri'le, Incen'sio. - Willis. Inflam- 
mation, Phlegmon. 
Incendium Spontaneum, Combustion, human. 
INCENSIO, Incendium. 
INCENTIVUM, Stimulant. 
INCERA'TION, Incera'tio, Encero'BiB, from 
cera, ' wax.' The act of incorporating wax with 
some other body; or, rather, the operation whose 
object is to communicate to a dry substance the 
consistence of wax. 
INCERNIC'ULUM, from incernere {in, and 
cernere), ' to sift.' A strainer or sieve. 
INCESSIO, Bath, half, Semicupium. 
INCESSUS, Walking. 
INCIDEN'TIA, from incidere {in, nndccedere), 
'to cut.' (F.) Incisife. This name was formerly 
given to medicines to which was attributed the 
property of cutting thick or coagulated humours. 
The fixed alkalies, hydrosulphurets of alkalies, 
sulphurous water, Ac., were considered to belong 
to this class. 
INCINERA'TION, Incinera'tio, Cinefac'tio, 
from cinia, cineris, ' ashes.' In pharmacy, a pro- 
cess by which animal or vegetable substances are 
reduced to ashes. 
INCINCTA, Pregnant. 
INCISIPS, Incidentia. 
INCISIO, Cut, Incision-i. Simplex, Haploto- 
mia. 
INCIS'ION, Incia'io, En'cope, Incieu'ra, Inci'- 
eus, Tome, (F.) Taillade. A methodical division 
of soft parts with a cutting instrument. 
INCI'SIVE, Incisi'vus, Inciao'rius, Fossa inci- 
si'va, F. myrtifor'mis, is a depression in the supe- 
rior maxillary bone, above the incisor teeth. 
Incisive Bone, Intermaxillary bone-i. Canal, 
see Palatine canals. 
Incisive Nerve, Nervue incisi'vus. A branch 
of the inferior dental nerve, which supplies the 
incisor teeth. 
Incisive Teeth, Inci'sor Teeth, Den'tes inci- 
so'ree, tom'ici, denes, dichasteres, gelasi'ni, pri- 
mo'res, raso'rii. The teeth which occupy the an- 
terior part of the upper and lower jaws are so 
called, because they are used for cutting the food 
in the manner of cutting instruments. 
INCISIVUS, MUSCULUS, Levator labii su- 
perioris proprius - i. Inferior, Levator labii infe- 
rioris - i. Lateralis et pyramidalis, Levator labii 
superioris alaeque nasi-i. Medius, Depressor alee 
nasi. 
INCISOR TEETH, Incisive teeth. 
INCISO'RIUM, Tomi'on. An operating table. 
A scalpel. 
INCISORIUS, Incisive. 
INCISURA, Echancrure, Incision - i. Crucia- 
lis, Crucial Incision-i. Ischiadica Major, Sciatic 
notch, greater-i. Ischiadica Minor, Sciatic notch, 
lesser - i. Lienalis, Hilus lienalis - i. Renalis, 
Hilus renalis - i. Scapularis, Notch, scapular - 
i. Septi, see Ventricles of the brain. 
Incisu'ra Trag"ica, Notch of the Concha. A 
470 
INCUBUS 
wide, deep and rounded notch, which separates 
the tragus from the antitragus. 
INCISURES DE SANTORINI, Santorini, 
fissures of. 
INCISUS, Incision. 
INCITABILITY, Irritability. 
INCITAMENTUM, Stimulus. 
INCITANS, Stimulant. 
INCITATIO, Stimulation. 
INCLAVATIO, Gomphosis, see Wedged. 
INCLINATIO, Decline - i. Coeli, Climate. 
INCLUSION, MONSTROSITY BY, Emboite- 
ment. 
INCLUSUS, Wedged. 
INCOCTUS, see Crudity. 
INCOHE'RENCE, Incohe'rency, (E.) Anaco- 
luthie, Rtvasserie; from in, negative, co, con, 
cum, 'with,' and haerere, 'to stick.' Want of de- 
pendence of one part on another. The condition 
of the mental manifestations in dementia, Ac. 
INCOMPATIBLE, from in, 'negation,' and 
competere, ' to agree.' A substance, which can- 
not be prescribed with another, without inter- 
fering with its chemical composition or medicinal 
activity. 
INCONTINEN'TIA, from in, 'negation,' and 
contineo, 'I contain;' Anepis'chesis. 'Inconti- 
nence.' ' Inability to retain the natural evacua- 
tion.' Abuse of the pleasures of love. 
Incontinentia Alvi, Diarrhoea - i. Urinse, 
Enuresis, Scoracrasia. 
INCORPORA'TION, Incorpora'tio, Corgtora'- 
tio, Ensomato'sis, Metensomato'sis, from in, and 
corpus, ' a body.' An operation, by which medi- 
cines are mixed with soft or liquid bodies, in 
order to give them a certain consistence. Also, 
the thorough admixture of various substances. 
INCRASSAN' TIA, Incrassati'va, Inviscan'- 
tia, Spissan'tia, Ecpyc'tica, Condensan''tia, Pa- 
chyn'tica, Pycnot'ica, Pycnicmas'tica, from in, 
and crassus, ' thick.' Medicines which were for- 
merly believed to possess the power of thickening 
the humours, when too thin. All mucilaginous 
substances were so regarded. 
INCRASSATIVA, Incrassantia. 
IN'CREASE, Incremen'turn, Auxis, Auxe'sis, 
from in, and crescere, 'to grow.' (F.) Accroisse- 
ment. Augmentation of the size or weight of a 
body, by the application of new molecules around 
those which already exist. 
INCREMENTUM, Augmentation, Increase. 
INCRUCIATIO, Decussation. 
INCRUSTA'TION, Incrusta'tio, from in, and 
crusta, 'a crust;' Coni'asis. The act of forming 
a crust on the surface of a body, as well as the 
crust itself. Also, the calcareous deposites or 
cartilaginous plates, which sometimes form in 
organs. 
INCUBA'TION, Incuba'tio, Incubit"io, Incu'- 
bitus, from incubare, (in, and cubare,) 'to lie upon.' 
This word, which is used in natural history for 
the sitting of birds upon their eggs, is employed, 
figuratively, in medicine, for the period that 
elapses between the introduction of a morbific 
principle into the animal economy and the inva- 
sion of the disease. 
INCUBITIO, Incubation. 
INCUBITUS, Incubation. 
INCUBO, Incubus. 
IN'CUBUS. Same etymon. In'cubo, Epial'- 
tes, Ephial'tes noctur'nus, Ephial'tes, Epilep'sia 
nocturna, Asthma noctur'num, Pnigal'ion, Suc'- 
cubus, Oneirodyn'ia gravans, Erethis'mus onciro- 
dyn'ia, Noctur'na oppres'sio, Epib'oli, liabuzica'- 
nus, Nightmare, (F.) Cauchemar, Cauchevieille, 
Cochemar, Oneirodynie gravative. Same etymon. 
A sensation of a distressing weight at the epigas- 
trium during sleep, and of impossibility of mo- INCUNABULA 
tion, speech or respiration ; the patient at length 
awaking in terror, after extreme anxiety. Night- 
mare is often the effect of difficult digestion 
or of an uneasy position of the body. At other 
times, it occurs in consequence of severe emo- 
tions. The sensation of suffocation was formerly 
ascribed to the person's being possessed, and the 
male spirits were called incubes- the female suc- 
cubes. The disease requires no particular treat- 
ment. The causes must be avoided. 
Incubus Vigilan'tium, Ephial'tes vigilan'- 
tium, E. hypochondri' aca, Daymare. This is pro- 
duced during wakefulness; the sense of pressure 
being severe and extending over the abdomen ; 
respiration frequent, laborious, and constricted; 
eyes fixed; sighing, deep and violent; intellect, 
undisturbed. 
INCUNABULA, Swathing clothes. 
INCUNEATIO, see Wedged. 
INCU'RABLE, Incwab'ilis, Rem'ediless, Irre- 
me'diable, Insanab'ilis, Anal' the s, Anaces'tos, 
Atherapeu'tus, from in, negative, and cura, cure. 
Not susceptible of cure;-applied to both patients 
and diseases. 
INCURIA, Acedia. 
INCURSUS ARTERIARUM, Pulse. 
INCURVATIO, Gryposis. 
INCUS, {in, andcucZo, 'I hammer,') 'an anvil.' 
Acmon, On incu'di sim'ile, Ossic'ulum Incudi seu 
mola'ri denti compara'tum, (F.) Enclnme. One 
of the small bones of the ear, so called from its 
fancied resemblance to a smith's anvil. It is 
situate in the cavity of the tympanum, between 
the malleus and orbiculare. Its body is articu- 
lated with the malleus; its horizontal ramus, 
which is the shortest, corresponds with the en- 
trance of the mastoid cells; and its vertical ra- 
mus is articulated with the os orbiculare. The 
incus is composed of a compact tissue, and is de- 
veloped from a single point of ossification. 
INDEX, Dig"itus index seu secun'diis seu salu- 
tator'ius, De monstr a'tor, Indica'tor, Indicato'rius, 
Lich'anos, Deic'ticos, from indicare, 'to point 
out.' The forefinger, index finger. See Digitus. 
INDIAN ARROW WOOD, see Euonymus - 
i. Paint, Hydrastis Canadensis-i. Physic, Gille- 
nia trifoliata-i. Physic, small-flowered, Gillenia 
stipulacea. 
INDIA'NA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
medicinal spring, near Jeffersonville, is much 
frequented. Its waters are strongly impregnated 
with sulphur and iron. 
IN'DICANT, In'dicans, Endeic'ticos, (F.) Indi- 
catif. Same etymon as index. Any thing which, 
in the course of a disease or in what precedes or 
accompanies it, concurs in pointing out the means 
to be used for its cure. 
INDICATIF, Indicant 
IN'DiCATING DAYS, Dies In'dices, D. In- 
dicato'rii seu Indican'tes, D. contemplan'tes, (F.) 
Jours indicatcurs. Hippocrates and others have 
thus called the middle day of the septenary; be- 
cause they imagined, that indications were some- 
times given then of the crisis which would occur 
in the last day of the septenary. 
INDICA'TION, Indica'tio, Accusa'tio, Dela'- 
tio, Endetx'is, Endex'is, Boethemat'icum Semei'on. 
The object proposed in the employment of any 
means which are had recourse to for the cure of 
disease. It may also be defined-the manifesta- 
tion afforded by the disease itself of what is pro- 
per to be done for its removal. 
INDICATOR, Extensor proprius indicis, see 
Digitus, and Index. 
IND1CUM, Indigo. 
INDICUS COLOR, Indigo. 
INDIGENCE, Want. 
INDIG"ENOUS, Indig"ena. Whatever is na- 
471 
INDURATION 
tive in a country, in opposition to exotic; as an 
indigenous remedy, indigenous disease, Ac. 
INDIGESTION, Dyspepsia - i. Alkaline, see 
Dyspopsia - i. Neutral, see Dyspepsia. 
INDIGITATIO, Intussusceptio. 
INDIGNABUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
INDIGNATORIUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
IN'DIGO, Indigum, In'dicum, Indicus color, 
Pigmen'turn In'dicum. A dye-stuff, in small solid 
masses, of a deep azure blue colour, and devoid 
of smell and taste. It is obtained, by a fermenta- 
tive process, from Indigof'era anil, (I. suffruti- 
co'sa,) I. argen'tea, (I. articula'ta seu tincto'ria 
seu glau'ca seu colora'ta,) and I. tincto'ria seu 
In'dica, and is sometimes used by the apothe- 
cary for colouring certain preparations. It has 
likewise been administered internally, of late, in 
spasmodic diseases, especially in epilepsy. The 
dose may be at first grains, but it may be ele- 
vated to drachms. 
Indigo, False, (Tall White,) see Sophora 
tinctoria. 
INDIGO, FAUX, Galega officinalis-i. Weed, 
Sophora tinctoria - i. Wild, Sophora tinctoria - 
i. Yellow, Sophora tinctoria. 
INDIGOFERA, see Indigo, Sophora tinctoria. 
INDIGUM, Indigo. 
INDISPOSIT"ION, Mala disposit"io, Dys- 
phor'ia, (F.) Malaise. A slight functional dis- 
turbance, which may scarcely bear the name of 
disease. A feeling of sickness - sensus ayritu'- 
dinis. 
IN'DOLENT, In'dolens, from in, privative, and 
dolere, ' to be in pain.' Exhibiting little or no 
pain. An epithet particularly applied to certain 
tumours. 
INDOLENTIA, Anodynia. 
IN'DOLES. A natural disposition or charac- 
ter. 
Indoles An'iml The natural disposition or 
character of mind. 
Indoles Morbl The nature or character of a 
disease. 
INDOSYNCLONUS, Beriberi. 
INDUC'TIO, Apago'ge, from inducere, [in, 
and ducere, ' to lead.') A word used especially 
for the action of extending a plaster upon linen. 
INDUCULA, Waistcoat, strait. 
INDUMENTUM CORDIS, Pericardium - i. 
Nervorum, Neurilema-i. Ventriculorum, Epen- 
dyma ventricuiorum. 
IN'DURANS, (in and durus,) Sclerot'icus, 
Sclerun'ticus, Scleryn'ticus. A medicine which 
hardens the parts to which it is applied. 
INDURATlO, Induration - i. Intestinorum, 
Enteropathia cancerosa - i. Maligna, Scirrhus- 
i. Rcnum, Nephroscleria-i. Telae cellulose neo- 
natorum, see Induration-i. Ventriculi scirrhosa, 
Gastroscirrhus. 
INDURA'TION, Indura'tio, Sclerys'ma, Scle- 
rys'mus, Callos'itas, Indurescen'tia, Poro'ma Po- 
ro'sis, (F.) Endurcissement. The hardness which 
supervenes, occasionally, in an inflamed part. It 
is one of the terminations of inflammation, and is 
owing to a change in the nutrition of the part. 
Induration of the Cellular Tissue, Indu- 
ra'tio seu Oppila'tio telce cellulo'see neonato'rum, 
Ethmyphotylo'sis, (Ede'ma neonato'rum, Compact 
(Ede'ma of Infants, Cat'ochus Infan'tum, Indu- 
ratio cellulo'sa, Sclere'mia, Sclere'ma, Sclero'ma, 
Scleroder'ma, Cutis tensa chron'ica, Dermatope- 
risclero'sis, Dermatoperisclerysmus, Ethmyphoty- 
losis, Halonii' tis, Phlegmasia cellula'ris, Seirvho- 
sar'ea neonato'rum, Scleri'asis neonato'rum, Scle-. 
ro'sis, Stipa'tio telce cellulo'sa: Infan'tum, Skin- 
bound Disease, (F.) Endurcissement du tissu cello- 
laire; (Edeme du tissu eellulaire des nouveau-nts, 
Asphyxie lente des nouveau-nes, is a disease which INDURESCENTIA 
attacks infants a few days after birth, and which 
Chaussier proposed to call Sclereme, from ojcAi/poj, 
' hard.' 
The Induration of the cellular tissue of the 
adult, Sclerosteno'sis cuta'nea, has been regarded 
as the result of inflammation of the corium, Cho- 
rioni'tis. 
Induration of the Brain, Sclerencephalia- 
i. Grist, see Hepatization. 
INDURESCENTIA, Induration. 
INDU'SIUM, Chitonis'cos. Strictly, 'a shirt,' 
' a small tunic;' but some have so called the 
amnion. 
INE'BRIANT, Tne'brians, Phantas'ticus ; from 
in and ebrio, ' I intoxicate.' Intoxicating. An 
agent that intoxicates. 
INEBRIATION, Temulentia. 
INEDIA, Fasting. 
INER'TIA, from in, 'privative,' and are, artis, 
'art.,' (?) Ljna'via, Ener'vitas. Sluggishness, in- 
activity. 
Iner'tia of the Womb, (F.) Inertie de la ma- 
trice. The diminution and even total cessation 
of the contractions of the uterus during labour; 
as well as the species of languor into which it 
sometimes falls after the expulsion of the foetus. 
INERTIE PAR EPUISEMENT, see Partu- 
rition- t. de la Matrice, Inertia of the womb. 
INESIS, Cenosis. 
INETHMOS, Cenosis. 
IN'FANCY, Infun'tia, from in, 'negation,' and 
fans, from fari, ' to speak.' Early childhood. 
Childhood; Nepiot'es, Paidi'a, (F.) Enfance. It 
generally includes the age from birth till the 
seventh year. See Age. 
INFANS, Pai'dion, Ne'pios, (F.) Enfant. An 
infant; a child; one in infancy. In law, one 
who has not attained the age of legal capacity; 
which is, in general, fixed at twenty-one years. 
Infans recens natus, Nouveau-tie. 
INFANTIA, Infancy. 
INFAN'TICIDE, Infantici'dium, Tecnocton'ia, 
Child-murder, from infans, 'a child,' and ccedere, 
' to kill.' The murder of a child newly born, or 
on the point of being born. It may be perpe- 
trated by the mother, or by some other person, 
either by commission, that is, in consequence of a 
direct, voluntary act; - or by omission of those 
cares which are necessary for the preservation of 
the new-born. 
INFARCTUS, Emphraxis - i. Intestinorum, 
Enteremphraxis-i. Lactei extremitatum, Phleg- 
matia dolens-i. Lienis, Splenoncus. 
Infarc'tus Mammje Lac'teus, Lactis concre- 
tio'nes, Nodi seu Thrombi lactei, Trichi'usis lac- 
tea. Knotty tumours of the female mammse, 
owing to the accumulation and arrest of milk in 
the galactophorous ducts. 
Infarctus Uteri, Metremphraxis. 
INFECTION, see Contagion. 
INFECUNDITY, Sterility. 
INFECUNDUS, Sterile. 
INFER'NAL, Infer'nus; 'relating to hell.' A 
name applied to caustic - Lapis Inferna'lis-on 
account of its strong burning properties. 
INFIBULA'TIO, Fibula'tio, Infibula'tion,Anc- 
terias'mus ; from fibula, 'a clasp.' (F.) Boucle- 
inent. An operation, formerly practised, whieh 
consisted in passing a ring through the prepuce, 
after having drawn it over the glans; -in order 
to prevent coition. The ancients employed infi- 
bulation with their gladiators, to preserve all 
their strength by depriving them of venery. In 
the women, to preserve their chastity, the ring 
was passed through the labia majora. 
INFILTRA'TION, ZnjWtra'tw, from filtrare, 
472 
INFLAMMATIO 
'to filter.' Effusion. The accumulation of a 
fluid in the areolae of any texture, and particu- 
larly of the areolar membrane. The fluid efl'used 
is ordinarily the Liquor ganyuinig, sound or al- 
tered, - sometimes blood or pus, fseces, or urine. 
When infiltration of a serous fluid is general, it 
constitutes anagarca ; when local, oedema. 
INFILTRATION PURULENTE, see Hepa- 
tization. 
INFIRM, Infirm'ug, Imbecillig, Deb'ilig, Ae'- 
theneg, from in, negative, and firmug, 'firm.' Not 
firm or sound; weak; feeble. 
INFIRMARIUM, Hospital. 
INFIRMARY, Hospital. 
INFIRMATORIUM, Hospital. 
INFIRMIER (F.), from infirmug, (in, negative, 
and firmue.) Infirma'rius, Nogoc'omug, Cura'tor 
infirmo'rum. One employed in an hospital or in- 
firmary to take care of the sick. 
INFIRM'ITY, Infirm'itag, AgtJieni'a, Arrhog'- 
tia, Invaletu' do. Any disease which has become 
habitual, either owing to its chronic character, or 
its numerous relapses. 
INFLA'MED, Infiamma'tug, (F.) EnfiammS,- 
Phloyo'sed, according to some. Same etymon as 
inflammation. Affected with inflammation. 
INFLAMMABLE AIR,Hydrogen,carburetted. 
INFLAMMATIO, Inflammation, Phlegmon- 
i. Abdominalis, Enccelitis - i. Articuli Maxillae 
Inferioris, Hyposiagonarthritis-i. Auris, Otitis- 
i. Bronchiorum, Bronchitis-i. Caeci, Typhlo-en- 
teritis-i. Capsulae lentis, Phacohymenitis-i. Ce- 
rebelli, Cerebellitis-i. Clitoridis, Nymphitis - i. 
Conjunctivae, see Ophthalmia - i. Cornea?, Cera- 
titis-i. Coxae, Osphyitis-i. Cystidis felleae, Cho- 
lecystitis-i. Epiglottidis, Epiglottitis - i. Erysi- 
pelatosa, Erysipelatous inflammation - i. Fauci- 
um, Cynanche, Isthmitis - i. Gastritis, Gastritis 
- i. Gena?, Gnathitis - i. Genarum, Melitis - i. 
Gingivae, Ulitis-i. Glandularum lymphatiearum, 
Hydradenitis - i. Glandularum lymphatiearum, 
Lymphadenitis-i. Glandularum sublingualium, 
Hypoglossiadenitis - i. Guhe, (Esophagitis - i. 
Hepatis, Hepatitis - i. Hepatis lenta, Hepatitis 
(chronic) - i. Interna, Empresma - i. Intestino- 
rum, Enteritis-i. Iridis, Iritis-i. Jecoris, Hepa- 
titis-i. Laryngis, Laryngitis-i. Lienis, Splenitis 
- i. Ligamentorum, Syndesmitis - i. Linguae, 
Glossitis-i. Mediastini, Mesodmitis-i. Medullas 
Spinalis, Myelitis - i. Musculi psoas, Psoitis - i. 
Musculorum, Myositis - i. Musculorum abdomi- 
nalium, Myocoeliitis - i. Nervorum, Neuritis - i. 
Oculorum, Ophthalmia-i. (Esophagi, (Esophagi- 
tis-i. Omenti, Epiploitis-i. Ossis, Ostalgitis-i. 
Ovarii, Oaritis-i. Palati, Hyperoitis-i. Pancre- 
atis, Pancreatitis-i. Parenchymatica, Parenchy- 
matitis-i. Parotidum, Parotitis, Cynanche paro- 
tidsea- i. Pectoris acuta, Pneumonia - i. Pera- 
cuta, Hyperphlogosis, Hyperphlegmasia-i. Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis - i. Periostei, Periostitis - i. 
Periostei orbitae, Periorbitis-i. Peritonaei, Peri- 
tonitis- i. Pharyngis, Cynanche pharyngea - i. 
Phrenitis, Phrenitis - i. Pleurae, Pleuritis - i. 
Pneumonica, Pneumonia - i. Pulmonum, Pneu- 
monia- i. Renum, Nephritis - i. Renum suc- 
centuriiatorum, Paranephritis-i. Retinae, Dietyi- 
tis, Retinitis-i. Sclerotica;, Sclerotitis-i. Scroti, 
Oschitis - i. Septi transversi, Diaphragmitis-i. 
Sinuum frontalium, Metopantritis - i. Stomachi, 
Gastritis-i. Superficiei internae cordis, Endocar- 
ditis- i. Tela£ cellulosae, Ethmyphytis-i. Telse 
fibrosae, Inohymenitis - i. Testium, Hernia hu- 
moralis-i. Tonsillarum, Cynanche tonsillaris-i. 
Tunicae hyaloideae, Hyalitis - i. Tympani, Tym- 
panitis- i. Urethrae, Gonorrhoea - i. Uteri, Me- 
tritis-i. Uteri catarrhalis, see Metritis - i. Uteri 
et Peritonaei, Metroperitonitis-i. Uvula?, Uvuli- 
tis-i. Vasorum, Angeitis-i. Vasorum lymphati- INFLAMMATION 
corum, Angeioleucitis-i. Ventriculi, Gastritis-i. 
Ventriculi et intestinorum, Gastro-enteritis- i. 
Vesicao, Cystitis-i. Vesicre felleae, Cholecystitis. 
INFLAMMATION, Inflamma'tio, from in, 
'within,'and flamma, 'flame,''fire;' Phleg'mone, 
Phlogo'sis, Ecphlogo'sis, Epiphleg"ia, Exap'sis, 
Phlegma'sid, Causo'ma, Empres'ma, Phlo'gia, Hy- 
perendosmose (Dutrochet), Incen'dium, Hyperh re- 
mato'sis, Hyperce'mia acti'va, Phleboplero1sis ec- 
phrac'tica,(I?.) Angii'te,is so called in consequence 
of the acute or burning pain, felt in a part affected 
with it. An irritation in a part of the body is oc- 
casioned by some stimulus;-owing to which the 
blood flows into the capillary vessels in greater 
abundance than natural, and those vessels become 
over-dilated and enfeebled; whence result pain, 
redness, heat, tension, and swelling; symptoms 
which appear in greater or less severity, accord- 
ing to the structure, vital properties, and func- 
tions of the part affected, and its connexion with 
other parts, as well as according to the constitu- 
tion of the individual. The inflammations of the 
areolar and serous membranes greatly agree; - 
and those of the mucus and skin; the former 
being more active, and constituting the phleg- 
monous variety; - the latter, the erythematic or 
erysipelatous. Of this variety is the diffusive in- 
flammation produced by morbid poisons ; as 
during dissection, where solutions of continuity 
exist on the fingers of the operator. It is seen, 
too, in workers in bone, and hence has been called 
bone fever. Preparatory to the turning of bones, 
it is customary to macerate them in water. The 
fluid soon becomes putrid, and if the hands be 
kept in it diffusive inflammation results. Inflam- 
mation may end by resolution, suppuration, gan- 
grene, adhesion, effusion, or induration. Each 
of the inflammations of internal organs has re- 
ceived a name according to the organ affected;- 
as, gastritis, cephalitis, enteritis, hepatitis, &c. 
Besides the above inflammations, there is consi- 
dered to be an instinctive kind established for the 
union of parts which have been divided, whether 
the union takes place immediately, or by the aid 
of an intermediate body. This is the adhesive 
inflammation. See Adhesion, Callus, Cicatrix. 
Broussais considered that the term *n/?am»iatwn 
should include every local exaltation of the or- 
ganic movements which is sufficiently great to 
disturb the harmony of the functions, and disor- 
ganize the texture in which it is situate. lie 
farther extended the name inflammation to irri- 
tations which do not induce disorganization of the 
textures, and which had been previously, and are 
still, called fevers. 
Examination of the blood drawn always exhi- 
bits an increase of the fibrinous element - the 
average proportion of which, in healthy blood, is 
about three in the thousand. In inflammation, it 
at times rises as high as ten. In fevers unaccom- 
panied with inflammation, the proportion is natu- 
ral, or below the average; but whenever inflam- 
mation supervenes, it immediately rises. 
External inflammation is easily detected by the 
characters already mentioned :-internal, by dis- 
turbance of function and pain upon pressure; but 
the last sign is often not available. Both forms 
require the removal of all irritation, and the re- 
duction of vascular exeitement and nervous irri- 
tability ; hence, blood-letting-local and general 
- sedatives, refrigerants, and counter-irritants 
become valuable remedies in almost all cases of 
inflammation. 
INFLAMMATION DEE AMYGDALES, 
Cynanehe tonsillaris - i. des Artires, Arteritis - 
i. of the Bladder, Cystitis-i. de la Bouche, Sto- 
matitis- i. des Branches, Bronchitis -». du Cce- 
cum, Typhlo-enteritis-i. of the Caecum, Typhlo- 
473 
INFLUENZA 
enteritis-». du Cerveau et du Cervelet, Phrenitis 
i. du Coeur, Carditis - t. du Colon, Colitis-i. de 
la Conjonctive, see Ophthalmia - i. of the Dia- 
phragm, Diaphragmitis-i. Diffusive, see Inflam- 
mation- i. Diphtheritic, Diphtheritis -i. of the 
Ear, Otitis-i. de VEpiglotte, Epiglottitis-i. de 
I'Estomac, Gastritis-i. of the Eye, Ophthalmia- 
i. du Foie, Hepatitis-i. des Gencives, Ulitis - i. 
General, Synocha-i. of the Internal Membrane 
of the Heart, Endocarditis-i. Internal, Empres- 
ma-i. des Intestins, Enteritis-i. of the Iris, Iri- 
tis-i. of the Kidney, Nephritis-i. de la Langue, 
Glossitis-i. of the Larynx, Laryngitis-i. of the 
Liver, Hepatitis-i. de la Luette, Uvulitis-i. of 
the Lungs, Pneumonia-i. of the Malpighian Bo- 
dies, Kidney, Bright's disease of the-i. des Ma- 
melles, Mastitis-i. de la Matrice, Metritis-i. de 
la Membrane alvSolo-dentaire, Periodontitis - i. 
de la Membrane sereuse clphalp-rachidienne, Me- 
ningitis-i. of the Mesentery, Mesenteritis-i. de 
la Moelle ou rachidienne, Myelitis-i. 
of the Mouth, pseudo-membranous, Stomatitis, 
pseudo-membranous-i. of the Mouth, pultaceous, 
Aphthae-i. des Muscles, Myositis - i. des Nerfs, 
Neuritis-i. de V(Eil, Ophthalmia-i. de I'Oreille, 
Otitis-i. de V Ovaire, Oaritis-i. du Palais, Hy- 
peroitis-i. du Parenchyme pulmonaire, Pneumo- 
nia- i. de la Parotide, Cynanche parotidaea-i. 
Pellicular, Diphtheritis - i. du Pericarde, Pe- 
ricarditis- i. of the Pericardium, Pericardi- 
tis- i. du P&ritoine, Peritonitis - i. of the Pe- 
ritonaeum, Peritonitis - i. of the Pleura, Pleu- 
ritis - i. de la PUvre, Pleuritis - i. des Poumons, 
Pneumonia-i. du Muscle psoas, Psoitis-i. de la 
Rate, Splenitis-i. des Reins, Nephritis-i. Spon- 
goid, Haematodes Fungus, see also Encephaloid- 
i. of the Stomach, Gastritis-i. de la Testicxde, 
Hernia humoralis-i. of the Testicle, Hernia hu- 
moralis-i. des Tissus blancs, Angeioleucitis-i. 
of the Tongue, Glossitis - i. des Vaisseaux Lym- 
phatiques, Angeioleucitis-i. des Veines, Phlebi- 
tis-i. de la Vesicule du Fiel, Cholecystitis-i. de 
la Vessie, Cystitis-i. of the Womb, Metritis. 
INFLAMMATIUN'CULA, Bubinflamma'tw. 
A superficial and often insignificant inflamma- 
tion of the skin, as in many cutaneous affections. 
INFLAM'MATORY,Inflammato'rius; Phlog"- 
icus, Phlogo'des, Phlogis'ticus, Phlogis'tic, belong- 
ing to inflammation; - as, inflammatory tumour, 
inflammatory fever, Ac. The blood is said to be 
injlammatory when cupped or huffy. 
INFLATIO, Emphysema, Puffiness, Colica 
flatulenta-i. Parotidum, Cynanche parotidaea- 
i. Uteri, Physometra. 
INFLEXIO, Campsis. 
INFLUENCE, Influenza. 
INFLUENTIA, Influenza. 
INFLUENZA. The Italian for 'Influence.' 
Influenza Europce'a, Influen'tia, Catar'rhus epi- 
dem'icus, Febris catarrha'lis epidem'ica, Catar'- 
rhus <i conta'gio, Rheuma epidem'icum, Morbus 
Verveci'nus, M. Catarrha'lis, Syn'ochus catar- 
rha'lis, Deflux'io catarrha'lis, M. Arie'tis, Ce- 
phalalgia contagio'sa (epidemics of the 16th and 
17th centuries): (F.) Tac, Ladcndo, Quinte, Flo- 
rion, Coqueluche, Baraquette, Generate, Grippe, 
Follette, Grenade, Coquette, Cocote, Petite Paste, 
Petit Courier, Allure, Fievre catarrhale epide- 
mique; Influence, Epidemic catarrh. A severe 
form of catarrh occurring epidemically, and ge- 
nerally affecting a number of persons in a com- 
munity. See Catarrh, epidemic. Gluge, from 
his investigations, considers that the following is 
the chronological order of the return of the influ- 
enza:- 14th century, 1323, 1326-15th century, 
1410,1411, 1414-16th century, 1510, 1557, 1562, 
1574, 1580, and 1593 - 17th century, 1658, 1669, 
1675, 1693-18th century, 1708, 1712, 1729,1732, INFLUENZOID 
1733,1742, 1743,1761,1762, and 1775-19th cen- 
tury, 1800, 1803, 1831, and 1833. To these may 
be added 1837, and 1843. 
Influenza Europ?ea, Influenza. 
INFLUEN'ZOID, Influenzal' des. An express- 
ive but hybridous compound : from influenza, and 
'resemblance.' Resembling influenza.-Dr. 
T. Thompson. 
INFORMITAS, Deformation. 
INFORTUNIUM, Contrafissura. 
INFRA-ATLOID.EUS, Sub-atloidceus. 
INFRA-AXOIDJEUS, Sub-axoidaeus. 
INFRA-COSTALES, see Intercostal muscles. 
INFRA-MAXILLARIS, Sub-maxillary. 
INFRAMAXILLOSTERNODYMIA, Cepha- 
losomatodymia. 
INFRA-ORBITAR, Sub-orbitar. 
INFRAPUBIAN LIGAMENT, Triangular li- 
gament. 
INFRA-SCAPULARIS, Subscapularis. 
INFRA-SPINALIS, Infra-spinatus. 
INFRA-SPINA'TUS, Infraspina'lis, from in- 
fra, 'beneath,' and spina, 'a spine.' Situate 
beneath the spine of the scapula;-Infra Spina- 
na'lis. 
Infra-Spina'ta Fossa, (F.) Fosse sous-epi- 
neuse. A large excavation on the posterior sur- 
face of the scapula, beneath its spine. It is filled 
by the 
Infra-Spinatus Muscle, Grand Scapulo-tro- 
chiterien, Superscapula'ris inferior (Ch.), (F.) 
Sous-tpineux, which is broad, flat, and triangular. 
It is attached, by its base, to the three inner 
quarters of the fossa; and is inserted, by a long 
tendon, into the middle part of the great tubero- 
sity of the os humeri (Trochiter). It turns the 
arm outwards, and, when the arm is elevated, 
carries it backwards. 
INFRINGENS, Corrigent. 
INFUNDIB'ULUM, (in, and fundere, 'topour 
out.') A Latin word signifying a Funnel,- 
Choa'ne, Chonos, (F.) Entonnoir,- of which va- 
rious kinds are employed in pharmaceutical ope- 
rations. A name, given to many parts which, 
more or less, resemble a funnel. It is particu- 
larly appropriated to the following organs:- 
Infundib'ulum of the Brain, Zn/unrft6'wZwm 
seu Pelvis seu Choa'na seu Cy'athus seu Scyphus 
seu Concha seu Lacu'na seu Em'bolum seu Aquce- 
duc'tus seu Labrum seu Concav'itas conchula'ris 
seu Processus orbicula'ris Cer'ebri, (F.) Enton- 
noir du ventricule moyen du cerveau, Tiye Pitui- 
taire, Tiye sus-sphAno'idale. A depression in the 
inferior paries of the middle ventricle, above the 
pituitary gland. It was, anciently, regarded as 
a canal by which the fluid collected in the ven- 
tricles of the brain was evacuated, and poured 
into the nasal fossae. 
Infundib'ulum Cerebri, I. of the Brain. 
Infundibulum of the Cochlea, Z. Coch'lea, 
Scyphus Vieussen'ii, S. audito'rius, Cucul'lus, Oa- 
na'lis Scala'rum commu'nis. This, with the mo- 
diolus, forms the nucleus around which the gyri 
of the cochlea pass. It is an imperfect funnel, 
the apex of which is common with that of the 
modiolus; and the base is covered with the apex 
of the cochlea, termed Cu'pola. 
In Surgery, infundibula are used to direct 
steam or vapours; to conduct the actual cautery 
to certain morbid parts, <fcc. 
Infundibulum of the Ethmoid Bone, or of 
the Nasal Fossa:. One of the anterior cells of 
that bone, which is broad and expanded above, 
and narrow below; opening, above, into the fron- 
tal sinus; below, into the anterior part of the 
middle meatus of the nasal fossae. 
Infundibulum of the Heart, Conus arterio- 
sus-i. of the Kidney, see Calix-i. Lachrymale, 
474 
INFUSUM 
Lachrymal Sac-i. Tubarum Fallopii, see Tube, 
Fallopian - i. Ventriculi, (Esophagus. 
INFU'SION, Infn'sio, En'chysis, from infun- 
dere (in, and fundere), 'to pour in,' 'to introduce.' 
A pharmaceutical operation, which consists in 
pouring a hot or cold fluid upon a substance 
whose medical virtues it is desired to extract. 
Infusion is, also, used for the product of this ope- 
ration. In Surgery, infusion - Chirur'gia infu- 
so'ria, Are clysma'tica nova - is the act of intro- 
ducing into the veins medicinal substances, by aid 
of an instrument called Infusor. This mode of in- 
troducing medicines was called Ars infuso'ria. 
Infusion of Angustura, Infusum Cuspa.riae 
- i. of Bark, Infusum cinchonas-i. of Buchu, 
Infusum Diosmae - i. of Calumba, Infusum ca- 
lumbae - i. of Cascarilla, Infusum cascarillfe - 
i. of Catechu, Infusum catechu compositum - i. 
of Cayenne pepper, Infusum capsici - i. of Cha- 
momile, Infusum anthemidis - i. of Cinchona, 
Infusum cinchonae-i. of Cloves, Infusum caryo- 
phyllorum - i. of Cusparia, Infusum cuspariae - 
i. of Dandelion, Infusum Taraxaci - i. of Fox- 
glove, Infusum digitalis-i. of Gentian, compound, 
Infusum gentianae compositum-i. of Ginger, In- 
fusum Zingiberis - i. of Hops, Infusum humuli 
-i. of Horseradish, compound, Infusum armora- 
ciae compositum - i. of Binseed, Infusum lini 
compositum - i. of Mint, compound, Infusum 
menthae compositum - i. of Orange-peel, com- 
pound, Infusum aurantii compositum-i. of Pink- 
root, Infusum spigeliae -i. of Quassia, Infusum 
quassiae-i. of Rhatany, Infusum Krameriae- L 
of Rhubarb, Infusum rhei-i. of the Rose, Infu- 
sum rosae compositum - i. of Sarsaparilla, Infu- 
sum sarsaparillae- i. of Sassafras pith, Infusum 
sassafras medullae - i. of Senna, Infusum sennao 
compositum-i. of Simarouba, Infusum simarou- 
bae - i. of Slippery elm, Infusum ulmi - i. of 
Thoroughwort, Infusum eupatorii-i. of Tobacco, 
Infusum tabaci-i. of Valerian, Infusum Valeria- 
nae-i. of Virginia snakeroot, Infusum serpenta- 
riae - i. of Wild cherry, Infusum pruni Virgi- 
nian®. 
INFUSOIR (F.), same etymon. An instru- 
ment for injecting medicinal substances into the 
veins. It was a kind of funnel, the elongated 
apex of which was stopped by a metallic rod, 
which could be withdrawn when the apex was 
introduced into a vein. 
INFU'SUM, En'chyma. The product of an 
infusion. 
Infusum Acaci® Catechu, I. catechu compo- 
situm- i. Amarum vinosum, Vinum gentianae 
compositum - i. of Angustura, I. cuspariae. 
Infusum Anthem'idis, Hydrochamaime'him, 
Infusion of Cham'omile. (Anthemid. flor. 2jss ; 
aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
covered vessel, and strain.-Ph. L.) Dose, 
to 
Infusum Armora'cij® Compos'itum, Infusum, 
Armoracice (Ph. U. S.), Compound infusion of 
Horseradish. (Armorac. rad. concis., sinapis cont. 
sing. ; aqua bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
hours, and strain.) Dose, to 
Infusum Aurantii Compos'itum, Compound 
Infusion of Orange Peel. (Aurant. cort. sicc. £ij; 
limon. cort. recent. ; caryoph. cont. 2(ss; aq. 
fervent. Oss. Macerate for fifteen minutes, and 
strain.-Ph. L.) Dose, to 
Infusum Brash, Wort - i. Buchu, Infusum 
Diosmae-i. Bynes, Wort. 
Infusum Calum'b.®, I. Calom'bce, I. Colomba, 
Infusion of Columba. (Calumb. rad. concis. 
aq. fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and 
strain.-Ph. IT. S.) Dose, to 
Infusum Cap'sici, Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. 
(Capsic. in pulv. crass. aq. bullient. Oj. INFUSUM 
Macerate for two hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, 
Infusum Caryophyl'li, Infusion of Cloves. 
(Caryoph. contus. 3'j > aT bullient. Oj. Mace- 
rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f?iss to 
Infusum Cascaril'la:, Infusion of Cascarilla. 
(Cascarill. contus. 3J 5 oq. bullient. Oj. Mace- 
rate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, to 
ffe- 
Infusum Cassia Senna, I.sennae compositum. 
Infusum Cat'echu Compos'itum, Infusum Ca- 
techu, I. Aca'cia Catechu, Infusion of Catechu. 
(Catechu, in pulv. ; cinnam. cont. 3j > aq. 
bullient. Oj. Macerate for an hour, and strain.) 
Dose, fijiss to 
Infusum Cincho'na, I. Cinchona lancifo'lia, 
Infusion of Cinchona. (Cinch, contus. 3); aq. 
fervent. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
This infusion may also be made from the same 
quantity of bark in coarse powder by the process 
of displacement with hot or cold water. Dose, 
to The Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States has an Infu'sum Cincho'na jlava, Infu- 
sion of yellow baric, and an Infusum Cinchona 
rubra, Infusion of red bark, which are prepared 
in the same manner. It has also an Infu'sum 
Cincho'na Compositum, which is made as follows: 
(Cinchon. rubr. in pulv. 3j ; Acid. Sulph. aromat. 
> Oj. Macerate for twelve hours, oc- 
casionally shaking, and strain.) Dose, same as 
the last. 
Infusum Cinchona: Compositum, see Infusum 
Cinchonas. 
Infusum Cinchona: Flava:, see Infusum Cin- 
chonas. 
Infusum Colomba:, I. calumbae. 
Infusum Cuspa'ria, I. Angustu'ra, Infusion 
of Cuspa'ria. (Cuspar. cort. contus. £ss; aq. 
bullient. Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) 
Dose, f£j to ftjiij. 
Infusum Digita'lis, I. Digitalis purpu'rea, 
Infusion of Foxglove. (Digital. ; aq. bullient. 
Oss: tinct. cinnamomi, Macerate, and add 
sp. cinnam. f-§j.) Dose, 
Infusum Dios'ma, Ph. U. S., 1842, Infusum 
Buchu, Ph. U. S., 1851, Infusion of Buchu. (Di- 
osm. 3) ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for four hours 
in a covered vessel, and strain.-Ph.U.S.) Dose, 
f|jss. 
Infusum Eupato'rii, Infusion of Thorough- 
wort. (Eupator. §j; aq. bullient, Oj. Macerate 
for two hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, f5ij. 
Infusum Gentia'na: Compos'itum, Compound 
Infusion of Gentian. (Gentian, cent. §ss; Au- 
rant. corf., Coriandr. contus. aa £j alcohol, dilut. 
aqua, First pour on the acohol, 
and three hours afterwards, the water ; then ma- 
cerate for twelve hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, fgj to f?ij. 
Marsden's Antiscorbu'tic Drops, an empirical 
preparation, consist of a solution of corrosive sub- 
limate in an infusion of gentian. 
Infu'sum Hu'muli, Infusion of Hops. (Hu- 
mid. §ss; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, fSiss to 
Infu'sum Krame'ria:, Infusion of Rhat'any. 
(Kramer, contus. j; aq. bullient, Oj. Mace- 
rate for four hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
fgiss. 
Infusum Lini, I. L. compositum. 
Infusum Lini Compos'itum (Ph. U. S., 1851), 
I. Lini (Ph. U. S., 1842), I. Lini usitatis'simi, 
Infusion of Linseed, Flaxseed Tea. (Lini sem. 
cont. §ss ; glycyrrh. rad. cont. ; aqua bullient. 
Oj. Macerate for four hours, and strain.) Dose, 
a teacupful, ad libitum. 
475 
INFUSUM 
Infusum Malti, Wort. 
Infusum Menthje Compos'itum, Compound 
Infusion of Mint. (Fol. month, sat. sicc. ,"ij; 
aq. fervent, q. s. ut. colentur. Macerate 
for half an hour; and, when cold, strain : then 
add - sacch. alb. £ij J ol. menth. sat. gtt. iij, dis- 
solved in tinct. card. c. f^ss.-Ph. D.) Dose, 
to fgiij. 
Infusum Picis Empyreumaticae Liquids, see 
Pinus sylvestris - i. Picis liquidum, see Pinus 
sylvestris. 
Infusum Pruni Virginia's ae, Infusion of Wild 
Cherry Bark. (Prun. Virginian. cont. 5ss; 
aqua, Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.- 
Ph. U. S.) 
Infusum Quassia:, I. Quassia excel'sa, Infu- 
sion of Quassia. (Quassia lign. cone. Jij ; aq. 
Oj. Macerate for two hours, and strain.) Dose, 
f|j to f|iv. 
Infusum Rhei, An'ima Rhei, Infusion of Rhu- 
barb. (Rhei, cont. £j ; aq.ferv. Oss. Macerate 
for two hours, and strain.) Dose, f§j to f§iv. 
Infusum Rosa: Compos'itum, I. Rosa Gal'lica, 
Infusion of the Rose. (Ros. Gallic, fiiv; aq. bul- 
lient. Oiiss; acid, sulph. d. ; sacch. purif. 
5iss. Add the water, and afterwards the acid ;- 
macerate for half an hour; strain, and add the 
sugar.) Dose, to Oss. 
Infusum Sarsaparil'i.a:, Infusion of Sarsa- 
parilla. (Sarsaparill. contus. £j ; aqua bullient. 
Oj. Digest for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain.-Ph. U. S.) It may also be prepared 
by displacement. Dose, to 
Infusum Sassafras, Infusion of Sassafras 
Pith, Mu'cilage of Sassafras Pith. (Sassafras 
medull. 5.1! aqua, Oj. Macerate for three hours, 
and strain.) An emollient collyrium; and de- 
mulcent drink. 
Infusum Senna:, I. S. Compos'itum, I. Cassia 
Senna, I. Senna simplex, Infusion of Senna. 
(Senna, ; coriandr. cont. £j; aq. bullient. Oj. 
Macerate for an hour, and strain.) Dose, f5j 
to 
The Black Draught, Black Dose, Haustus ni- 
ger, is usually formed of this infusion. It may 
be made of infus. senna, aq. cinnam. ; 
manna, > magnes. sulph. 3vj- Dose, a wine- 
glassful. 
Seiway's Prepared Essence of Senna is a con- 
centrated infusion of the leaves in combination 
with an alkali. 
Infusum Senn.* Compositum, I. sennae. 
Infusum Serpenta'riae, Infusion of Virginia 
Snakeroot. (Serpentar. aq. bullient. Oj. 
Macerate for two hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, 
Infusum Simarou'ba:, Infusion of Simarouba. 
(Simaroub. cort. cont. £ss ; aq. fervent. Oss. Ma- 
cerate for two hours, and strain.-Ph. L.) Dose. 
Infu'sum Spige'lia:, Infusion of Pinkroot. 
(Spigel. ; aq. bullient. Oj. Macerate for two 
hours, and strain.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, to Oss. 
Infusum Tab'aci, Infusion of Tobacco. (Ta- 
baci fol. £j; aq. ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour, 
and strain.- Ph. U. S.) 
Infusum Tarax'aci, Infusion of Dandelion. 
(Taraxuc. contus. §ij ; aq. bullient. Oj. Mace- 
rate for two hours, and strain.- Ph. U. S.) Dose, 
f5iss, as a diuretic, <fcc. 
Infusum Ulmi, Infusion of Slip'pery Elm, 
Slippery Elm Tea. This preparation, in the 
Pharmacopoeia of the United States, is made by 
infusing one ounce of slippery elm bark in a pint 
of boiling water. 
Infusum Valeria'na:, Infusion of Vale'rian. 
(Rad. valerian, in crass, pulv. aq. bullient. Oj, INGENIUM 
Macerate for an hour, and strain.-Ph. D. and 
U. S.) Dose, 3jiss to 
Infusum Zingib'eris, Infusion of Ginger, Gin- 
ger Tea. (Zingib. contus. aq. bullient. Oj. 
Macerate for two hours, and strain.- Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, as a carminative. 
INGE'NIUM (Morbi). The genius of a dis- 
ease. This word is employed, especially by the 
French, synonymously with nature. They speak, 
for instance, of Genic infiammatoire, bilieux, <tc. 
Some, also, use genie in the place of type of an 
intermittent. 
INGES'TA, from in, and gerere, gestum, 'to 
bear or carry into.' Substances, introduced into 
the body by the digestive passages; as food, con- 
diments, drinks, &c. 
INGLU'VIES, Aples'tia, Virtue intemperan'- 
tia : - Gluttony, Insatiableness ; also, the Crop 
or Craw of Birds, (F.) Jabot; and the first stomach 
or paunch of ruminant animals-Pen'ula,Rumen, 
Venter magnus. Also, the Pharynx. 
INGRAS'SIAS, APOPH'YSES OF. The 
lesser alas of the sphenoid bone. 
INGRAVIDATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
INGRAVIDATION, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
INGRESSUS SUPERIOR, Cardia. 
INGUEN. Rubon, Bubo, 'the groin.' jEdoe'- 
on, athoiov, He'patis emuncto'ria, (F.) Aine. The 
oblique fold or depression which separates the ab- 
domen from the thigh. It is only, properly speak- 
ing, a line that extends from the anterior and su- 
perior spinous process of the ilium to the middle 
part of the horizontal ramus of the pubis. Also, 
the genital organs. 
IN'GUINAL, Inguina'lis, from inguen, 'the 
groin.' Belonging or relating to the groin. This 
epithet has been given to various parts met with 
in the region of the groin or inguinal region. 
Inguinal Artery is that portion of the femoral 
artery situate immediately beneath the crural 
arch in the inguinal region. 
Inguinal Canal is a canal, about two inches 
in length, proceeding obliquely downwards, in- 
wards and forwards at the lower part of the ab- 
domen ; through which passes the spermatic cord, 
in men, and the round ligament of the uterus in 
women. This canal is formed, inferiorly and an- 
teriorly, by the aponeurosis of the greater oblique 
muscle; posteriorly by the fascia transversalis, 
which is joined to the preceding aponeurosis, and 
forms with it a deep channel, into which are re- 
ceived the lesser oblique and transversalis mus- 
cles. The inguinal canal has two apertures : the 
one, the lower and inner, is called the inguinal or 
abdominal ring. It is bounded by two strong ten- 
dinous pillars, which fix it-the innermost to the 
symphysis, the outermost to the spine of the pu- 
bis. The upper and outer aperture is formed by 
the fascia transversalis. From the edge of this 
aperture arises a membranous funnel, - a pro- 
longation of the fascia transversalis, - which re- 
ceives the spermatic vessels ; forms their proper 
sheath, and accompanies them as far as the tes- 
ticle. On its inside lies the epigastric artery. 
Above it, is the lower edge of the transversalis 
muscle : and, below, it is bounded by the channel 
of the greater oblique. By following the oblique 
direction of this canal, and passing, consequently, 
on the outside of the epigastric artery, the viscera 
are displaced, so as to constitute internal inguinal 
hernia. 
In'guinal Re'gion, Re'gio inguina'lis, Bubo, 
Inguen. The region of the groin. 
Inguinal Ring, Abdom'inal Ring, An'nulus 
abaom'inis, (F.) Anneau Inguinal, is the inferior 
aperture of the inguinal canal. 
IN'GUINO-CUTA'NEUS. A name given by 
Professor Chaussier to the middle ramus of the 
476 
INJECTION 
anterior branch of the first lumbar nerve; be- 
cause it sends its numerous filaments to the groin, 
scrotum, and to the skin of the superior part of 
the thigh. 
INHtERENS, Inherent. 
INHALATIO, Absorption, Inhalation - i. Cu- 
tis, see Absorption. 
INHALA'TION, Inhala'tio ; from in and ha- 
lare, ' to breathe.' The act of drawing air or va- 
pour into the lungs - Inhala'tio pulmona'lis. 
Also, absorption. 
INHA'LER. Same etymon. An apparatus 
for inhalation. Mudge's Inhaler is an apparatus 
for inhaling the steam of hot water, in affections 
of the air-passages. It consists of a pewter tank- 
ard provided with a lid, into which a flexible tube 
is inserted. Through this, the vapour is inhaled. 
INHE'RENT, Inhccrens, (in, and hcerens.) 
That which adheres, or which is joined or united 
to any thing. 
Inherent Cautery, (F.) Cautire inherent, is 
the actual cautery, left in contact with a part 
until it is reduced to the state of a deep eschar. 
INHUMA'TION, Inhuma'tio, from inhumo, (in, 
and humus,) ' I put into the ground.' Inhuma'tio. 
The sepulture of the dead. This belongs to the 
subject of medical police. 
INIAD, see Inial. 
IN'IAL, from iviov, the ridge of the occiput. 
An epithet, proposed by Dr. Barclay, for an as- 
pect towards the plane of the ridge of the occi- 
put. Iniad is employed by him adverbially to 
signify ' towards the inial aspect.' 
INIODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
INION, iviov. Some of the Greek physicians 
give this name to the occiput, or the ridge of the 
occiput; others to the back part of the neck, and 
the muscles of the occiput. Blanchard says it is 
the commencement of the spinal marrow. 
INI'TIS, Inohymeni'tis, from is, gen. tvos, ' a 
fibre,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. 
Fibrous inflammation. 
INITIUM, Arche - i. Asperse arteriee, Larynx 
- i. Extuberans Coli, Caecum. 
INIUM, iviov. The nucha. Also, the muscles 
at the back of the neck. See Inion. 
INJACULA'TIO. A term employed by Van 
Helmont to designate an acute pain of the sto- 
mach, with and immobility of the body. 
INJECT'ED, Injec'tus, from injicere, (in, and 
jacere, ' to throw into.' The face and other parts 
are said to be injected, when the accumulation of 
blood in the capillary vessels gives them an evi- 
dent red colour. A subject or part of a subject, 
is also said to be injected, when its vessels have 
been filled, by the anatomist, with an appropriate 
composition. 
INJEC'TION, Injec'tio, Eis'hole: same ety- 
mon. The act of introducing, by means of a sy- 
ringe or other instrument, a liquid into a cavity 
of the body. The liquid injected is also called an 
injection. Anatomists use injections - Injectio'- 
nes anatom'iccr.- for filling the cavities of ves- 
sels, in order that they may be rendered more 
apparent, and their dissection be facilitated. For 
this purpose, they employ syringes of different 
dimensions, and various materials. The most 
common injections are made of soot, wax, and 
turpentine, coloured with lamp-black, vermilion, 
Ac. There are three kinds chiefly used by ana- 
tomists,- the coarse, the fine, and the minute. 
The following are formulae for each. 
Coarse Injection. 
No. 1. 
Pure yellow wax, oz. xvj. 
Bleached rosin, oz. viij. 
Turpentine varnish, by measure, oz. vj. INJECTION 
No. 2. 
Yellow rosin, lb. ij. 
Yellow wax, lb. j. 
Turpentine varnish, a sufficient quantity to 
make the mixture flexible when cold. 
No. 3. 
Tallow, lb. ij. 
W/u'fe wax, oz. x. 
Common oil, oz. vj. 
Venice turpentine, oz. iv. 
Mix and liquefy over a slow fire or over boiling 
water. 
To make any of these mixtures. 
Red - add vermilion, oz. iij. 
Yellow-King's yellow, oz. iiss. 
White - best flake white, oz. vss. 
P ile blue I e8t -fla^e white, oz. iiiss. 
.eic lyfne blue smalt, oz. iiiss. 
Dark-blue - blue verditer, oz. xss. 
Black- lamp-black, oz. j. 
f powdered verdigris, oz. ivss. 
Green < best flake white, oz. iss. 
[powdered gamboge, oz. j. 
Fine Injection. 
Brown spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
White spirit varnish, oz. iv. 
Turpentine, varaiaA, oz. j. 
To make this mixture, 
Red - add vermilion, oz. j. 
Yellow - King's yellow, oz. j|. 
White - best flake white, oz. ij. 
t • i-x vi f fi,le blue smalt, oz. iss. 
° ( best flake white, oz. jx 
Dark-blue - blue verditer, oz. iv. 
Black - lamp-black, oz. ss. 
Minute Injection. 
Take of transparent size, broken to pieces, or 
Isinglass, oz. viij. 
Water, lb. iss. Dissolve. 
To make this mixture, 
Red - add vermilion, oz. v. 
Yellow - King's yellow, oz. iv. 
White - best flake white, oz. v. 
Blue -flne blue smalt, oz. viij. 
I powdered verdigris, oz. iij. 
Green < best flake white, dr. ij. 
[powdered gamboge, dr. j. 
Black - lamp-black, oz. j. 
Beautiful injections are made with ether as 
the menstruum. 
Cold Injection. 
White lead and red lead, each, oz. iv; linseed 
oil, enough to form a thick paste when they 
are rubbed well together. Liquefy this paste 
with turpentine varnish, oz. viij. 
The advantage of this mixture is, that the sub- 
ject need not be heated. 
In order to inject the arteries, the injection 
must be forced from the great trunks towards 
their ultimate ramifications. To inject the veins, 
on the contrary, it is indispensable, on account of 
their valves, to send the injection from the smaller 
divisions towards the greater. The lymphatics 
are usually injected with mercury. The practi- 
tioner injects, by forcing with a syringe, liquids, 
such as emollient, narcotic, stimulant, and other 
decoctions or infusions, into different hollow or- 
gans, as the rectum, vagina, nasal fossae, urethra, 
tunica vaginalis, auditory canal, &c., to fulfil va- 
rious therapeutical indications. 
The following injection has been strongly re- 
commended by Dr. Horner to preserve the dead 
body. 
477 
INNOMINATUM 
Take of Liverpool St. Ubes, 
or Turk's Island Salt, oz. 36 avoird. 
Nitrate of potasea, " 19 
Carbonate of soda, " 8 
Molasses (Sugar-house,) " 4 by meas. 
Water, six pints. 
The saline constituents to be dissolved first of 
all in boiling hot water; the molasses to be after- 
wards stirred in : the starch to be mixed well with 
half a pint of cold water, and then to be stirred 
in with the other articles. As soon as it begins 
to boil, the whole mass swells up, when it must 
be removed from the fire. On the proper reduc- 
tion of temperature it is fit for use. 
Injection, Matthews's, see Tinctura cantha- 
ridis. 
Injectiones An atomic a:, see Injection. 
INK, Atramentum. 
IN-KNEED, Entogonyankon. 
IN'NATE, from in, and natus, 'born.' Inborn. 
Innate Diseases, Morbi conna'ti, M. congen'- 
iti, (F.) Maladies innees. Diseases with which 
the infant is born. They are not always heredi- 
tary, as hereditarv diseases are not always innate. 
INNERLEITHEN, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. These springs, situate near the Tweed, and 
supposed to be the scene of " St. Ronan's Well," 
contain chlorides of sodium and calcium, and car- 
bonate of magnesia. 
INNERVA'TION, Innerva'tio, from in, 'in,' 
and nervus, 'a nerve.' By this term is meant - 
the nervous influence, necessary for the mainten- 
ance of life and the functions of the various or- 
gans;- an influence of whose character and 
source we are ignorant. It seems to resemble 
the galvanic or electric agencies. See Nerves. 
INNOMINA'TUM, Anon'ymum, from in, priv. 
and nomen, ' a name.' (F.) Anonyme. Having 
no name. 
Innomina'tA Arte'ria, Brachio-cephal'ic ar- 
tery, A. brachio-cephalique (Ch.),-Arte'ria anon'- 
yma, Hight Subclavian, (F.) Artbre innominee, is 
the trunk common to the right primitive carotid 
and to the subclavian. It arises from the ante- 
rior part of the arch of the aorta, ascends obliquely 
to the right, along the trachea; and, after a course 
of about an inch in length, divides into two trunks, 
which go off at right angles. The one is exter- 
nal- the right subclavian proper ; the other su- 
perior the primitive carotid, of the same side. 
Innominata Cartilago, Cricoid. 
Innominata Cav'itas. A cavity of the outer 
ear, between the helix and anthelix. 
Innominatum Fora'men. A foramen, near the 
middle of the anterior surface of the pars petrosa 
of the temporal bone, leading backwards for the 
passage of the Vidian nerve, reflected from the 2d 
branch of the 5th to the portio dura of the 7th pair. 
Innominata Fossa, see Fossa. 
Innominata Linea, see Ilio-pectinea Linea. 
Innominati vel Anonymi Nervi. Some ana- 
tomists have thus called the nerves of the fifth 
pair. 
Innominatum Os, Os Coxen'dicis, Os Coxae, Os 
anon'ymum, Os pelvis latera'le, (F.) Os innomine, 
Os Coxal, Os anonyme, &o. A very large, flat 
bone, which forms the anterior and lateral paries 
of the pelvis. It is curved upon itself in two op- 
posite directions. In the first periods of life, it 
is composed of three portions-; - the ilium, ischi- 
um, and pubis, which join each other in the ace- 
tabulum. It is articulated before with its fellow, 
- behind, with the sacrum; and laterally with 
the femur. 
Innominata Mino'ra Ossa, - Lesser Ossa in- 
nominata, Ossic'ula innomina'ta. Some anato- 
mists have given this name to the three cuneiform 
bones of the tarsus. INNOMINATUS 
Innominata Ossicula, Innominata minora 
ossa-i. Tunica Oeuli, Sclerotic. 
Innominate Vene of Vieussens. Vieussens 
has given this name to two or three veins, which 
arise on the anterior surface and right margin of 
the heart, and open into the auricle towards its 
right margin. The term Vene Innominate of 
Meckel is given to the brachiocephalic veins, 
which are generally included in the description 
of the subclavian vein, and correspond to the 
arterite innominatae, being formed by the union 
of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian 
properly so called, which correspond to the com- 
mon carotid and subclavian arteries. 
INNOMINATUS, Anonymous. 
INNUTRITIO OSSIUM, Rachitis. 
INOCULA'TION, Inocula'tio, Insit" io, Insit"io 
variola'rum, from inoculare, (in, and oculus, 'an 
eye,') 'to ingraft.' Any operation by which 
small-pox, for example, may be artificially com- 
municated, by introducing the virus of the parti- 
cular disease into the economy, by means of a 
puncture or scratch made in the skin. When the 
word inoculation is used alone, it usually means 
that for the small-pox,- Variola'tion. 
Inoculation, Cowpox, Vaccination-i. Jenne- 
irian, Vaccination. 
INOC'ULATOR, Same etymon. In'sitor. One 
who practises inoculation. 
INODULAR TISSUE, see Tissue, inodular. 
INODULE, Tissue, inodular. 
INOHYLOMA, Tumor, fibrous. 
INOHYMENI'TIS: from gen. ivos, 'a fibre;' 
'vunv, ' a membrane,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
mation. Infiamma'tio tela fibro'sa. Inflamma- 
tion of the fibrous tissue. 
INOPOLYPUS, see Polypus. 
INORGrAN'IC, Inorgan'icus, Unorganized, 
(Fr.) Inorganique; from in, priv. and organvm, 
'an organ.' A term applied to bodies which 
have no organs ;-such as minerals. At the pre- 
sent day, naturalists admit of but two classes of 
bodies,-the organized and inorganic. Parts of 
the body which, like the epidermis, are devoid 
of blood-vessels and nerves, have been called an- 
organic. 
INOSCLERO'MA, from is, gen. ivos, 'a fibre,' 
and <r»cX>)p<i)ga, 'induration.' Induration of the 
fibrous tissue. 
INOSCULATIO, Anastomosis. 
INQUIES, Inquietude. 
INQUIETATIO, Inquietude. 
INQUI'ETUDE, Inquietu'do, In'quies, Inquie- 
ta'tio, Jactita'tio, from in, priv. and quies, 'rest.' 
Agitation or trouble, caused by indisposition. 
Restlessness. 
INQUINAMENTUM, Miasm. 
INQUISITIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
dico-legal. 
INSALIVA'TION, Insaliva'tio, from in, and 
saZiva. The mixture of the food with the saliva, 
and other secretions of the mouth. 
INSALU'BRIO US, Insalu'bris, Nose'ros, No- 
so'des. That which is unhealthy,-which injures 
the health. 
INSANABILIS, Incurable. 
INSANE, Insa'nus ; from in, 'un,' and sanus, 
' sound;' AZiena'tu*, Crazy, Mad, Non-sane, De- 
mented, Deranged, (F.) Aliens, Fou, Insense. One 
affected with mental aberration, or of unsound 
mind. 
INSANIA, Mania-i. Cadiva, Epilepsy-i. Lu- 
pina, Lycanthropia-i. Puerperarum, Mania, puer- 
peral 
INSAN'ITY, Insa'nia ; from tn, privative, and 
sanus, 'sound;' Mental aliena'tion, Abaliena'tio 
sen Aliena tio Mentis, Arrep'tio, Unsound Mind, 
478 
INSOMNIA 
- 
Derange'ment, Deranged intellect, Cra'ziness, 
Aphros'yne, Ecphro'nia, Ecphros'yne, Paral'lage, 
Parallax'is, Delir'ia, Vesa'nice, Delir'ium, (Crich- 
ton,) Insipien'tia, (F.) Folie, Egarement d'Esprit, 
Paraphrenie. This term includes all the varie- 
ties of unsound mind, - Mania, Melancholia, 
Moral Insanity, Dementia, and Idiocy. A slight 
degree of insanity is sometimes popularly called 
"a kink in the head;" in Scotland, "a bee in 
the bonnet." 
Insanity, Homicidal, see Homicidal-i. Inco- 
herent, Dementia - i. Moral, Pathomauia - i. 
Puerperal, Mania, puerperal-i. Senile, Delirium 
senile-i. Suicidal, see Suicide. 
INSANUS, Insane. 
INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate. 
INSCRIPTIO'NES TENDIN'EJE MUSCU- 
LO'RUM, Intersectio'nes seu Enervatio'nes ten- 
din'ece musculo'rum, Interme'dia ligamenta'lia seu 
ner'vea. The tendinous portions which cross 
several muscles, and especially the straight mus- 
cles of the abdomen. 
INSENESCENTIA, Agerasia. 
INSENSE, Insane. 
INSENSIBIL'ITY, Ancesthe' sia, Insensibil'i- 
tas. Loss or absence of sensibility. It is very 
common in cerebral affections, and may extend 
to every part, or be limited to one or more. 
Some organs are much more sensible than others. 
The bones, cartilages, ligaments, Ac., are insen- 
sible in health, but acutely sensible in disease. 
INSEN'SIBLE, Sensibilita'te carens. That 
which is devoid of sensibility. This word is ap- 
plied, also, to phenomena which cease to be ap- 
preciable to the senses. Thus, we say, the pulse 
becomes insensible. 
INSER'TION, Inser'tio, Symph'ysis, Eno'sis, 
from inserere, (in, and severe, 'to join or knit/) 
'to ingraft.' (F.) Attache. The attachment of 
one part to another. Insertions occur chiefly on 
bones, cartilages, and fibrous organs; thus, we 
speak of the insertion of muscular fibres into a 
tendon or aponeurosis; the insertion of a tendon, 
aponeurosis, or ligament, into a cartilage or bone. 
The word insertion has likewise been used by 
pathologists, for the act of inoculating or intro- 
ducing a virus into the body. 
INSES'SIO, from insidere, (in, and sedere,) 
'to sit in.' This term is, sometimes, applied to a 
vapour bath, the person being seated in a perfo- 
rated chair, beneath which a vessel, filled with 
hot water, or the hot decoction of some plant, is 
placed. See Semicupium. 
INSESSUS, Bath, half. 
INSIDEN'TIA, Epis'tasis. Any thing which 
swims on or in the urine. It is opposed to the 
Hypos' tasis or subsiden'tia. 
■ INSIPIENTIA, Insanity. 
INSISIO CILIORUM, Blepharoplastice. 
INSITIO, Inoculation-i. Dentis, Transplant- 
atio Dentis-i. Variolarum, Inoculation. 
INSOLA'TION, Insola'tio, from in, and sol, 
'the sun;' Aprica'tio, Helio'sis, Heli'asis, Helio- 
no'sis, Siri'asis. Exposure to the sun. Exposure 
of a patient to the rays of the sun is, sometimes, 
had recourse to, with the view of rousing the 
vital forces when languishing, or of producing 
irritation of the skin. Insolation is occasionally 
used in the same sense as coup de soleil. 
In Pharmacy, insolation means the drying of 
chemical and pharmaceutical substances. 
INSOLAZIONE DE PRIMIVERA, Pel- 
lagra. 
INSOM'NIA, Insom'nitas, Sahara, Zaara, 
Pervigil'ium, Pernocta'tio, Aijp'nia, Agryp'nia, 
Ahyp'nia, Anyp'nia, Typhoma'nia, Sleep'lessness, 
Vig"Hance,from in,privative,and somnus, 'sleep/ INSOMNIUM 
'absence of sleep.' This may exist alone, and 
constitute a true disease ; or it may be connected 
with another affection. It is an unequivocal sign 
of suffering in some organ; even when the pa- 
tient experiences no pain. 
INSOMNTUM, Somnium. 
INSPECTIO MEDICO-LEGALIS, see Me- 
dico-legal. 
INSPIRATEUR, Inspiratory. 
INSPIRATION, Inspira'tio, Empneumato'sis, 
Eisp'noe, Adspira'tio, Aspira'tio, from in, ' in,' 
and spiro, 'I breathe.' The action by which the 
air penetrates into the interior of the lungs. A 
movement opposed to that of expiration. As re- 
gards the average quantity of air received into 
the lungs at each inspiration, there is much dis- 
crepancy amongst observers. The following table 
sufficiently exhibits this :- 
Cubic inches at 
each inspiration. 
Reil42 to 100 
479 
INTEMPERANCE 
or reproduction of a living frame or any part of 
such frame - Moli'men natu'rce saluta'rium. The 
law of instinct is, consequently, the law of the 
living principle, and instinctive actions are the 
actions of the living principle. Instinct is natu- 
ral. Reason is acquired. 
INSTINC'TIVE, Instinc'tus. Same etymon. 
Relating to or caused by instinct; as instinctive 
actions. See Emotional. Those instinctive ac- 
tions of animals which are owing to impressions 
made on the sensory ganglia, exciting respondent 
motor influences that are propagated to the va- 
rious muscles of the body, are termed consen- 
sual. 
INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE, see Theory 
of medicine. 
INSTITUTUM ORTIIOPAlDICUM, Ortho- 
pedic institution. 
IN'STRUMENT, Instrumen'tum, Or'ganum. A 
tool, an agent. 
INSTRUMENTA, Pudibilia. 
INSTRUMEN'TUM CHIRUR'GICUM. A 
surgical tool or instrument. 
Instrumentum Digestionis. The digestive 
apparatus. 
Instrumentum Instrumentorum, Manus. 
INSUFFIC"IENCY, from in, and sufficient. 
Inadequateness to any end or purpose, - as />»- 
sufficiency of the valves of the heart; (F.) Insuffi- 
sance des valvules du Coeur;-a condition in which 
they are not adapted, as in health, to properly 
close the apertures. 
INSUFFISANCE DES VALVULES DU 
CIEUR, Insufficiency of the valves of the heart. 
INSUFFLA'TION, Insuffia'tio, from tn, sub, 
and flare, 1 to blow.' The act of blowing a gas 
or vapour into some cavity of the body; as when 
tobacco smoke is injected into the rectum; or 
when air is blown into the mouths of new-born 
children to excite the respiratory functions. 
INSULA, Insula cerebri. 
In'sula Cer'ebri, Island or In'sula of Reil. 
The intermediate lobe of the brain, Lobus inter- 
me'dius cer'ebri. A remarkable group of convolu- 
tions within the fissure of Sylvius. It is called, 
by Cruveilhier, Lobule of the Fissure of Sylvius, 
Lobule of the corpus striatum. The 'island' of 
Reil, with the substantia perforata, forms the 
base of the corpus striatum. 
Insula Sanguinis, see Blood. 
INSULTUS, Attack, Paroxysm. 
INSURANCE OF LIFE, see Life Insurance. 
INTEGRITAS, Sanitas, Virginity. 
INTEG'UMENT, Tegumen'- 
tum, Teg'umen, Teg'imen, Tegmen, Involu'crum 
seu Velamen'turn corp'oris commu'ne ; Vela'men 
seu Velamentum nati'vum, from in and tegere, 'to 
cover.' (F.) Tegument. Any thing which serves 
to cover, to envelop. The skin, including the 
cuticle, rete mucosum, and cutis vera is the com- 
mon integument or tegument of the body. 
INTEGUMEN'TA FfETUS. The membranes 
surrounding the foetus in utero. 
IN'TELLECT, Intellec'tus, Nous, Mens, Gnome, 
Noos, Nus, Noe'sis, Syn'esis, from intelligere, 
(inter, 'between,' and legere, 'to choose;') 'to 
understand,' 'conceive,' 'know.' (F.) Entende- 
ment, Intelligence. The aggregate of the intel- 
lectual faculties-perception, formation of ideas, 
memory, and judgment. 
Intellect, Deranged, Insanity. 
INTELLIGENCE, Intellect. 
INTEM'PERANCE, Intemperan'tia; Immode- 
ran'tia, Immodera'tio, Acra'sia, Acola'sia, Pies'- 
rnone, Amet'ria, Aples'tia, from in, ' negation,' 
and temperare, ' to temper.' Immoderate use of 
food and drink, especially the latter; - a fruitful 
source of disease. 
Menzies, 
Sauvages, 
Hales, 
Haller, 
Ellis, 
Sprengel, 
Sommering, 
Thomson, 
Bostoek, 
40 
Jurin 35 to 38 
Fontana 35 
Richerand 30 to 40 
Dalton 30 
Jeffreys 26 
Herbst 24 to 30 
Hcrholdt 20 to 29 
Jurine and Coathupe 20 
Allen and Pepys 16£ 
3. Borelli 15 to 40 
Goodwyn 14 
Sir H. Davy 13 to 17 
Abernethy and Mojon 12 
Keutsch 6 to 12 
Inspiration of Venous Blood. By this is 
meant the aspiration of blood towards the heart, 
occasioned by the approach to a vacuum pro- 
duced by the dilatation of the thorax during in- 
spiration. 
IN'SPIRATORY. Same etymon. Inspira- 
tio'ni inser'viens, (F.) Inspirateur. A name given 
to muscles, which, by their contraction, augment 
the size of the chest, and thus produce inspira- 
tion. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles 
are the chief agents of inspiration. In cases 
where deep inspirations are necessary, the action 
of these muscles is aided by the contraction of 
the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, subcla- 
vius, serratus major anticus, scaleni, serratus pos- 
ticus superior, <fcc. Most of these muscles be- 
come inspiratory, by taking their fixed point at 
the part which they ordinarily move, and elevat- 
ing the ribs. 
INSPISSA'TIO, Pycno'sis, from tn, and spis- 
sare, 'to thicken.' The act of rendering thick; 
as in the formation of an extract-Succus Inspis- 
sa'tus. 
INSTEP, Collum pedis, (F.) Coude-pied, Cou 
du pied. The projection at the upper part of the 
foot, near its articulation with the leg-the tarsus. 
INSTILLATIO, Instillation. 
INSTILLA' TION, Enstalax'is, Instilla'tio, 
from in, 'into,' and stilla, 'a drop.' The act of 
pouring a liquid drop by drop. 
INSTINCT, (L.) Instinc'tus, (tn, and stinguo, 'I 
sting,') ' inwardly moved.' Bru'tia, Horme. The 
action of the living principle, whenever manifestly 
directing its operations to the health, preservation, INTEMPERIES 
INTEMPER'IES. Same etymon. Dyscra'aia. 
Derangement in the constitution of the atmo- 
sphere and of the seasons ; bad constitution ; de- 
rangement or disorder in the humours of the 
body. 
INTENSIVUS, Entaticos. 
INTEN'TION, Inten'tio, from in, and tendere, 
'to stretch.' Propos'itum. The object which 
one proposes. In surgery, a wound is said to heal 
iy the first intention, Reu'nio per primam inten- 
tio'nem, when cicatrization occurs without suppu- 
ration ; union by the second intention, Reu'nio per 
secun'dam intentio'nem, being that, which does 
not occur until the surfaces have suppurated. 
To obtain union by the first intention, the edges 
of a recent wound must be brought in apposition 
and kept together by means of adhesive plasters 
and a proper bandage. Delpech has substituted 
for those expressions, Reunion primitive, and Re- 
union secondaire. 
INTERANEA, Entrails. 
INTERARTIC'ULAR, Interarticula' ris. Parts 
situate between the articulations are so called; 
as interarticular cartilages, interarticular liga- 
ments, Ac. 
INTERCA'DENCE, Intercaden'tia, Interci- 
den'tin, from inter, 'between,' and cadere, 'to 
fall.' Disorder of the arterial pulsations, so that, 
every now and then, a supernumerary pulsation 
occurs. The pulse, in such case, is said to be 
intercurrent. 
INTER'CALARY, Intercala'ris, Inter' cidens, 
from intercalare, 'to insert.' Enibol'imos, Inter- 
pola'tus, Provocato'rius. The days which occur 
between those that are critical. The term has, 
also, been applied to the days of apyrexia in in- 
termittent fevers. 
INTERCELLULAR PASSAGES. A term 
given by Mr. Rainey to irregular passages through 
the substance of the lung, which form the termi- 
nations of the bronchial tubes, are clustered with 
air-cells, and not lined by mucous membrane. 
Intercellular Substance, see Cytoblastema. 
INTERCEP'TIO, from inter, 'between,' and 
capere, 'to take.' A bandage, by the aid of 
which the ancients proposed to arrest the pro- 
gress of the material cause of gout and rheu- 
matism ; and which consisted in covering the 
affected limbs with carded wool; surrounding 
them, afterwards, with broad bandages, applied 
from the fingers to the axilla, or from the toes 
to the groin. 
Intercept™ Intestinorum, Deus. 
INTERCERVICAUX, Interspinales colli. 
INTERCIDENS, Intercalary. 
INTERCIDENTIA, Intercadence. 
INTERCILIUM, Mesophryon. 
IN T E R C L AV I C'U L A R, Interclavicida'ris, 
from inter, 'between,' and clavicula, 'a clavicle.' 
That which is placed between the clavicles. 
Interclavicui.ar Lig'ament is a fibrous bun- 
dle, placed transversely above the extremity of 
the sternum, between the heads of the two clavi- 
cles. This ligament is flat. Its fibres, which 
are always longer above than below, are sepa- 
rated by small apertures, which are traversed by 
vessels. It prevents the separation of the two 
clavicles in the forced depression of the shoulder. 
INTERCOS'TAL, Intercosta'lis, from inter, 
'between,' and costa, 'a rib.' Mesopleu'rus, Me- 
sopleu'rius. That which is situate between the 
ribs. (F.) Sons-costal. 
Intercostal Ar'teries vary in number. There 
is constantly, however, a supe'rior, Arte'ria In- 
tercosta'lis snpe'rior vel Intercosta'lis subcla'via, 
which is given off from the posterior part of the 
subclavian, and which sends branches into the 
5rst two or three intercostal spaces; and, gene- 
480 
INTERLOBULAR 
rally, eight or nine inferior or aortic intercostal#. 
These arise from the lateral and posterior parts 
of the pectoral aorta, and ascend obliquely in 
front of the vertebral column, to gain the inter- 
costal spaces, where they divide into a dorsal 
branch and an intercostal, properly so called. 
Intercostal Muscles are distinguished into 
internal, inter-plevrocostaux of Dumas, - and 
external. The former are inserted into the inner 
lip, the latter into the outer lip of the edge of the 
ribs. The fibres of the external intercostal# are 
directed obliquely downwards and forwards: and 
those of the internal downwards and backwards. 
Both are inspiratory or expiratory muscles, ac- 
cording as they take their origin on the upper or 
lower rib. Some small, fleshy fibres, seen occa- 
sionally at the inner surface of the thorax, de- 
scending obliquely from one rib to another, have 
been called Infracostales. 
Intercostal Nerve, Trisplanchnic nerve. 
Intercostal Nerves, ISranches souscostales 
(Ch.), Costal or Dorsal nerves, proceed from the 
anterior branches of the dorsal nerves. They 
are twelve in number, and are distributed espe- 
cially to the muscles of the parietes of the chest 
and abdomen. 
Intercostal Space, 7h#ervaZ7«m seu Inter- 
stit"ium intercosta'le, Mesopleu'rum, Mesopleu'- 
rium, is the interval which separates one rib from 
that immediately above or below it. 
Intercostal Veins are distinguished like the 
arteries. The right superior intercostal vein is 
often wanting. When it exists, it opens into the 
back part of the subclavian. The same vein of 
the left side is very large. It communicates with 
the demi-azygos, receives the left bronchial vein, 
and opens into the corresponding subclavian. 
The right inferior intercostal veins open into the 
vena azygos; and those of the left into the demi- 
azygos. % 
INTERCOS'TO-HU'MERAL NERVES. So 
called from their origin and distribution. They 
are the cutaneous branches of the second and 
third intercostal nerves. 
INTERCUR'RENT, Inter cur'rens, from inter, 
'between,' and currere, 'to run.' Diseases are 
so cabled which supervene at different seasons of 
the year, or which cannot be considered as be- 
longing to any particular season. - Sydenham. 
A disease is likewise so termed which occurs in 
the course of another disease, as Intercurrent 
Pneumonia. 
INTERCUTANEUS, Subcutaneous. 
INTERDEN'TIUM, from inter, 'between,'and 
dens, 'a tooth.' The interval between teeth of 
the same order. - Linden. 
INTERDJGITAIRE, Interdigital. 
INTERDIG"ITAL, Interdigita'lis, (F.) Inter- 
digitaire, same etymon as the next. That which 
relates to the spaces between the fingers. Inter- 
digital space, (F.) Espace interdigitaire, is used, 
also, for the commissure between the fingers. 
INTERDIGIT"IUM, from inter, 'between,' 
and digitus, 'a finger.' A corn or wart, which 
grows between the fingers and toes, especially 
between the latter. -Pliny. 
INTEREPINEUX CERVICAUX, Interspi- 
nales colli. 
INTERFINII M NARIUM, Septum narium. 
ENTERFCEMINEUM, Perinamm, Vulva. 
INTERFORAMINEUM, Perinseum. 
INTERGAN GLIO N'l C, Interganglionicus, 
from inter, ' between,' and ganglion, ' a knot.' An 
epithet for nervous cords, placed between gan- 
glia, which they connect together. 
INTERITUS, Death. 
INTERLOB'ULAR, Interlobula'ris, from inter, INTERMAXILLARY 
'between,' and lobulus, 'a small lobe.' That 
whim is between lobes,-as of the lungs. 
In .erlobular Fissure. The interval between 
the lobules of the liver. See Liver. 
Interlobular Plexus of the Biliary Ducts. 
See Liver. 
Interlobular Spaces. The angular inter- 
stices formed in the liver by the apposition of 
several lobules. 
Interlob'ular Tissue, Textum interlobula're, 
Ligamcn'ta interlobula'ria pulmo'num. The cel- 
lular tissue between the pulmonary lobules. 
Interlobular Veins, see Liver. 
INTERMAX'ILLARY, Intermaxilla'ris, from 
inter, 'between,' and maxilla, 'a jaw.' That 
which is situate between the maxillary bones. 
Intermaxillary Bone, Inci'sive, Pgl'atine, or 
Labial bone, is a bony portion, wedged in between 
the two superior maxillary bones, which supports 
the upper incisors. This bone is found in the 
mammalia; and, also, in the human foetus. 
INTERMEDE, Excipient. 
INTERMEDIA LIGAMENTALIA seu NER- 
VEA, Inscriptiones tendineae musculorum. 
INTERMEDIATE DE WRISBERG, Por- 
tio Wrisbergii. 
INTERMEDIATE VASCULAR SYSTEM, 
Capillary system. 
INTERMENT, PREMATURE, Zoothapsis. 
INTERMIS'SION, Intermis'sio, Dialeip'sis, 
Dialip'sis, Tempus intercalate, Interval'lum, from 
inter, 'between,' and mittere, {to put or send.' 
(F.) Intermittence. The interval which occurs 
between two paroxysms of an intermittent or 
other disease-during which the patient is almost 
in his natural state. There is said to be inter- 
mission of the pulse, when, in a given number of 
pulsations, one or more may be wanting. 
INTERMITTENCE, Intermission. 
INTERMITTENT, Intermit'tens. Same ety- 
mon. That which has intermissions. 
Intermittent Fever, Febris intermit'tens, Di- 
aleip'yra, Intermittens, An'etus, Pyretolypo'sis, 
Ague, Ague and Fever, Fever and Ague, Palu'dal 
Fever, Period'ic Fever, (F.) Fiivre intermittente, 
F. d'AccZs, F. des marais, F. Periodique, is a fever 
consisting of paroxysms, with a complete state 
of apyrexia in the intervals. The chief types 
are the Quotidian, Tertian, and Quartan. The 
symptoms of intermittents are those of a decided 
and completely marked cold stage: (F.) Stade de 
froid, attended with paleness; collapse; im- 
paired sensibility; and coldness, more or less 
diffused, followed by general rigors. After this 
occurs the hot stage; Stade de la Chalenr, the 
heat returning partially and irregularly, and at 
length becoming universal, and much above the 
standard of health. The pulse is now hard and 
strong; tongue white; urine high-coloured; thirst 
considerable. At length, the sweating stage, (F.) 
Stade de Sueur, makes its appearance; the mois- 
ture usually beginning on the forehead, face, and 
neck, and soon extending universally; the heat 
abating; thirst ceasing; the urine throwing down 
a sediment, and the functions being gradually re- 
stored to their wonted state. The tertian type is 
the most common, and the quartan the most se- 
vere. The quotidian more readily changes into 
a remittent and continued fever. The quartan 
has, generally, the longest cold stage, the tertian 
the longest hot. The chief exciting cause is marsh 
miasmata. Ague, also, occurs in districts where 
there are no marshy emanations. Such districts 
are, generally, of a volcanic nature; farther we 
know not. When the disease has once attacked 
an individual, it is apt to recur. The prognosis 
481 
INTEROSSEOUS 
is, in general, favourable, as far as regards life; 
but long protracted are apt to in- 
duce visceral obstructions and engorgements, 
which may end in dropsy. In some countries, 
the disease is of a very pernicious character. The 
indications of treatment are, 1. To abate the vio- 
lence of the paroxysm; and, 2. To prevent its 
return. The first indication requires the adop- 
tion of the general principles and remedies re- 
quired in ordinary fever. The second is the most 
important. The period of apyrexia is that for 
action. The means for fulfilling this indication 
are : - the use of emetics, purgatives, cinchona, 
quinia, <te., arsenic, and forcible impressions made 
on the mind of the patient 
INTERMUS'CULAR, Intermuscula'ris, from 
inter, 'between,' and musculus, 'a muscle.' That 
which is placed between muscles. 
Intermus'cular Aponeuro'ses are aponeu- 
rotic laminae or septa, situate between muscles, 
to which they often give attachment. 
INTER'NAL, Inner, Inter'nus. That which is 
placed on the inside. This epithet is given to 
parts that look towards an imaginary central 
plane, which divides the body into two equal and 
symmetrical portions, as well as to those which 
correspond with a cavity. Thus, we say-the in- 
ner surface of the arm or thigh-the inner surface 
of the skull, &c. 
Internal Diseases, Morbi inter'ni, are those 
which occupy the inner parts of the body. Their 
investigation belongs to the physician; external 
diseases falling under the management of the 
surgeon. 
Ilf TERNA T. The post or office of an interne. 
INTERNE, see House-Surgeon. 
INTERNODIA DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
langes of the fingers - i. Digitorum pedis, Pha- 
langes of the toes. 
INTERNO'DIUM, Mesagon'ium, from inter, 
'between,' and nodus, 'a knot.' The part of the 
fingers between the joints. A phalanx. 
INTERNUN'CIAL, Internuncia'lis, from inter, 
'between,' and nuncius, 'a messenger.' Relating 
or belonging to a messenger between parties. A 
term applied by Mr. Hunter to the function of 
the nervous system. 
INTERNUNTII DIES, Critical days. 
INTERNUS AURIS, Tensor tympani-i. Mal- 
lei, Tensor tympani. 
INTEROS'SEI PEDIS,Metatarso-phalangien- 
lateral, (Ch.) The number, arrangement, shape, 
and uses of these are the same as in the case of 
the preceding muscles. Four are dorsal, and 
three plantar: six belong to the three middle toes 
and one to the little toe. The great toe is devoid 
of them. As in the hand, they are distinguished, 
in each toe, into abductor and adductor. 
INTERROS'SEOUS, Interos'seus. That which 
is situate between the bones; from inter, 'be- 
tween,' and os, ' a bone.' 
Interosseous Ar'teries of the Forearm 
and Hand. Of these there are several. 1. The 
common interosseous artery arises from the poste- 
rior part of the ulnar, a little below the bicipital 
tuberosity of the radius; passes backwards and 
divides into two branches: the one called ante- 
rior interosseous descends vertically, anterior to 
the interosseous ligament; the other, called pos- 
terior interosseous, passes above that ligament, 
appears at its posterior part and divides into two 
great branches, - the posterior recurrent radial 
and the posterior interosseous, properly so called. 
In the hand, - 1. The dorsal metacarpal interos- 
seous arteries are given off by the dorsalis carpi, 
a division of the radial artery. 2. The Palmar 
interrosseous arteries, which arise from the con- 
vexity of the deep palmar arch, and give off tho INTEROSSEUX 
middle interosseous arteries. 3. The dorsal inter- 
osseous of the index, proceeding directly from the 
radial artery. In the foot, are distinguished : - 
1. The dorsal interosseous arteries, three in num- 
ber, which arise from the artery of the metatar- 
sus, a branch of the dorsalis tarsi. 2. The plantar 
interosseous arteries, which are, also, three in 
number, and arise from the plantar arch. 
Interosseous Lig'aments. Ligaments seated 
between certain bones, which they unite; such 
are the ligaments between the radius and ulna, 
and between the tibia and fibula. 
Interosseous Muscles. • These occupy the 
spaces between the bones of the metacarpus and 
metatarsus ; and, consequently, belong,-some to 
the hand, others to the foot. 
Interosseous Nerve is a branch, given off by 
the median nerve, which descends before the in- 
terosseous ligament, accompanying the artery of 
the same name. 
Interosseous Veins have the same arrange- 
ment as the arteries. 
Interosseus Manus, (F.) Muscle interosseux 
de la main.-Metacarpo-phalangien-lateral sus- 
palmaire et metacarpo-phalangien lateral, (Ch.) 
These muscles are seven in number; two for each 
of the three middle fingers, and one for the little 
finger. Four are situate on the back of the hand, 
and three only in the palm. They are inserted 
into the metacarpal bones, and send a tendon to 
the tendon of the extensor communis. Accord- 
ing to their office, they are, to each finger, an ad- 
ductor and an abductor. The index has a dorsal 
abductor and a palmar one. The middle finger 
has two dorsal muscles for adductor and abduc- 
tor ; the ring finger has a dorsal adductor and a 
palmar abductor ; and the little finger has only 
one interosseous abductor, which is palmar. 
These muscles produce abduction and adduction 
of the fingers, which they can also extend, owing 
to their connexion with the extensor tendons. 
Interosseus Secundus, Prior medii digiti-i. 
Quartus, Prior annularis. 
INTEROSSEUX DE LA MAIN, Interosseus 
mantis. 
INTERPARIE'TAL BONE, Os Interparie- 
ta'le. A bone found in the skulls of the children 
of the Peruvian races. It lies in the situation 
of the upper angle of the occipital bone, where 
the parietal bones separate from each other; and 
is the analogue of the interparietal bone of ru- 
minants and carnivora.-Tschudi. 
INTERPELLA'TUS, [Morbus,) from interpel- 
lo, ' I interrupt.' A term, by which Paracelsus 
designated those diseases whose progress is une- 
qual, and paroxysms irregular. 
INTERPLEVRO-COSTA UX, Intercostal 
muscles. 
INTERPOLATES, Intercalary. 
INTERRUPTS) MENSTRUATIONIS, Ame- 
norrheea. 
INTERSCAP'ULAR, Interscapula'ris, [inter, 
and scapula.) That whieh is between the shoul- 
ders; as the interscapular region. The interscap- 
ular cavities, Cavita'tes interscapula'res, are the 
depressions between the scapulae and the spinous 
processes of the vertebrae. 
INTERSCAPU'LIUM. The spine of the 
scapula. 
INTERSECTIO, Decussation, Intersection. 
INTERSECTION, Intersec'tio, Diac'ope, from 
inter, ' between,' and seco, ' I cut.' The point 
where two lines meet and cut each other. The 
name aponeurot'ic intersection is given to fibrous 
bands, which certain muscles present in their 
length, and by whieh they seem interrupted. 
Aponeurotic intersections are found in the recti 
INTERTRANSVERSALIS 
muscles of the abdomen ; in the scmi-membrano 
sus, complexes, sterno-thvroideus, <tc. 
INTERSECTIONES TENDINEJE MUSCU- 
LORUM, Inscriptiones tendineaa musculorum. 
INTERSEPIMENTUM THORACIS, Medi- 
astinum. 
INTERSEPTA HORIZONTALIA PACCHI- 
ONI, Tentorium. 
INTERSEP'TUM, from inter, 'between,' and 
septum, ' a partition.' Cion, kiuiv. The uvula; 
also, the septum narium. The diaphragm. 
Interseptum Narium, Septum narium-i. Vir- 
ginale, Hymen. 
INTERSPI'NAL, Interspina'lis, from inter, 
'between,' and spina, 'the spine.' That which is 
seated between the spinous processes. 
Interspi'nal Lig'ament, Membra'na interspi- 
na'lis, (F.) Ligamentinteripineux. These occupy 
the intervals between the spinous processes in the 
back and loins. In the neck, they are replaced 
by the muscles of the same name. They prevent 
the too great flexion of the spine, and keep the 
spinous processes in situ. 
INTERSPINA'LES COLLI, Spina'les Colli 
mino'res, Spina'ti, (F.) Interdpineux-cervicaux, 
Intercervicaux, (Ch.) These are twelve in num- 
ber, and occupy, in two parallel rows, the inter- 
vals between the spinous processes of the cervical 
vertebrae, from that of the atlas and vertebra 
dentata, to that between the last cervical and first 
dorsal vertebrae. They are flat, thin, and quad- 
rilateral. These muscles contribute to the exten- 
sion of the neck and to throwing the head back- 
wards. 
Interspinales Dorsi et Lumbo'rum; por- 
tions of the Transversaire-fpineux of Boyer, and 
the sacro-spinal of Chaussier. These muscles are 
of two kinds. The one {Muscle grand fpineux 
du dos, of Winslow) representing fleshy bundles 
of different lengths, applied upon the lateral sur- 
faces of the spinous processes, from the third 
dorsal vertebra to the second lumbar. The other 
{Muscle petit tpineux du dos, Winslow) covered 
by the preceding. They are situate on each side 
of the interspinal ligament, in the form of small, 
short flat bundles, which pass from one spinous 
process to the second, third or fourth above it. 
These muscles aid in extending the vertebral co- 
lumn ; and incline it a little to one side, when 
they act on one side only. 
IN'TERSTICE, Interstit"ium, Arao'ma, from 
inter, 'between,' and sto, 'I stand.' Diaste'ma, 
Interval'lum. Anatomists have given this name 
to the intervals between organs. The iliac crest, 
crista ilii, for example, has two lips and an in- 
terstice between them, which affords attachment 
to the lesser oblique muscle of the abdomen. 
Interstice, Pore. 
INTERSTIT"IAL, Interstitia'lis, same ety- 
mon. Applied to that which occurs in the inter- 
stices of an organ,-as 'interstitial absorption,' 
'interstitial pregnancy,' <fcc. 
INTERSTITIUM, Interstice-i. Ciliare, Cili- 
ary ligament-i. Intercostale, Intercostal space- 
i. Jugulare, Throat. 
INTERTINCTUS, Discreet. 
INTER TRA CHE LIENS, Intertransversales 
colli. 
IN TERTRANSVERSAIRES DES 
LOMBES, Intertransversales lumborum. 
INTERTRANSVERSA'fjS, Inter transversa'- 
rius. That which is placed between the trans- 
verse process of the vertebrae. 
Intertransversales Colli, (F.) Intertrans- 
versaires cervicaux, Intertrachilieiis, (Ch.) These 
are small, muscular bundles; quadrilateral; thin 
and flat; situate, in pairs, in the intervals be- 
tween the transverse processes pf the neck, ex- 
482 INTERTRIGO 
cept between the first and second, where there is 
only one. They are distinguished into anterior 
and posterior. The former are six in number; the 
latter five. These muscles bring the transverse 
processes of the neck nearer each other, and con- 
tribute to the lateral flexion of the neck. 
Intertransversales Lumbo'rum, Jlusculi in- 
tertransversi lumbo'rum, (F.) Intertransversaires 
des lombes. These are almost entirely fleshy, and 
ten in number; five on each side. They are si- 
milar to the preceding in general arrangement; 
except that they are more marked, and not placed 
in two rows. Each intertransverse space contains 
only one. They are quadrilateral, and flat. The 
first occupies the space between the transverse 
processes of the first lumbar and the last dorsal 
vertebra; and the last is between that of the 
fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. These mus- 
cles incline the lumbar regions laterally; and 
straighten it when inclined to one side. 
INTERTRIGO, Chafing-i. Podicis, Chafing. 
INTERVAL, LUCID, see Lucid. 
INTERVALLUM, Intermission, Interstice-i. 
Intercostale, Intercostal space. 
INTERVENIUM, Mesophlebium. 
INTERVER'TEBRAL, Intervertebra'lie, (in- 
ter, and vertebra.) That which is situate between 
the vertebra). 
Intervertebral Car'tilages, Intervertebral 
fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral discs, Ligamen'ta 
intervertebra' lia. These organs are of a fibro- 
cartilaginous nature; sections of a cylinder; 
flexible; whitish; resisting; and situate between 
the bodies of the vertebrae,-from the space be- 
tween the second and third as far as that be- 
tween the last vertebra and sacrum. Their form 
is accommodated to that of the vertebra with 
which they are in connexion; so that, in the 
neck and loins, they are oval, whilst in the dorsal 
region they are nearly circular. 
Intervertebral Discs, Intervertebral carti- 
lages - I. fibro-cartilages, Intervertebral carti- 
lages. 
INTESTABILIS, Castratus. 
INTESTATUS, Castratus. 
INTESTIN, Intestine. 
INTES'TINAL, Intestina'lis, from intits, 'with- 
in.' That which belongs to the intestines, - as 
intestinal canal, Ac. Bordeu uses the term Pouls 
intestinal for a pulse, which he conceived to an- 
nounce an approaching crisis by the intestines. 
Intestinal Juice, Succus enterieus. 
Intestinal Tube or Tract, Cana'lis seu Trac- 
tus intestino'rum. The canal formed by the in- 
testines from the pyloric orifice of the stomach to 
the anus. 
INTES'TINE, Intesti'num, En'teron, Chorda, 
Gut, Nedyia, (pl.), Pan'tices (pl.), Boel'li (pl.), 
Bowel, (F.) Inteatin, Boyau. A mttsculo-mem- 
branous canal, variously convoluted, which ex- 
tends from the stomach to the anus, and is situate 
in the abdominal cavity; the greater part of 
which it fills. In man, its length is six or eight 
times that of the body. It is divided into two 
principal portions, called small intestine and large 
intestine. The former, Intesti'num ten'ue, I.grac'- 
ile, (F.) Intestin grele, constituting nearly four- 
fifths of the whole length, begins at the stomach 
and terminates in the right iliac region. It is 
divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Some 
anatomists give the name small intestine to the 
last two only; which are kept in place by the 
mesentery, and form a large paquet, occupying 
the umbilical and hypogastric regions, a part of 
the flanks, of the iliac regions, and of the cavity 
of the pelvis. It is composed of, 1. A serous 
membrane, which is peritoneal. 2. Of a muscu- 
lar coat, whose fibres are very pale, and are 
483 
INTRINSIC 
placed, in part, longitudinally; but the greater 
part transversely. 3. Of a whitish, mucous mem- 
brane; villous, and forming folds or valves - 
valvula conniventes- at its inner surface, and 
furnished with a considerable number of mu- 
cous follicles, called glands of Lieberkuhn, 
(Crypts or Follicles of Lieberkuhn,) and Brun- 
ner, and, with those of Peyer. The arte- 
ries of the small intestine proceed from the su- 
perior mesenteric; its veins open into the vena 
porta. Its nerves proceed from the superior me- 
senteric plexus. The large intestine, Intesti'num 
crassum, Megaloca'tia, (F.) Gros intestin, forms a 
sequence to the small. It is much shorter, and 
is solidly attached in the regions of the abdomen 
which it occupies. It begins in the right iliac 
region; ascends along the right flank, till be- 
neath the liver, when it crosses the upper part 
of the abdomen, descends into the left iliac fossa, 
and plunges into the pelvic cavity, to gain the 
anus. The great intestine is usually divided into 
three portions,-the cacinn, colon and rectum. It 
receives its arteries from the superior and infe- 
rior mesenteries. Its veins open into the vena 
porta. Its nerves are furnished by the mesente- 
ric plexuses. Its lymphatic vessels, which are 
much less numerous than those of the small in- 
testine, pass into the ganglions or glands seated 
between the different reflections of the perito- 
neum, which fix it to the abdominal parietes. 
The use of the intestines is,-in the upper part, 
to effect the chylification of the food and the ab- 
sorption of the chyle;-in the lower, to serve as 
a reservoir, where the excrementitious portion of 
the food collects ; and, also, as an excretory duct, 
which effects its expulsion. 
INTESTINORUM L7EVITAS, Lientery. 
INTESTINULA CEREBRI, Anfractuosities 
(cerebral)-i. Meibomii, Meibomius, glands of. 
INTESTINULUM, Funiculus umbilicalis. 
INTESTINUM CELLULATUM, Colon-i. 
Circumvolutum, Ileon - i. Crassum, Colon, see 
Intestine - i. Gracile, see Intestine - i. Grande, 
Colon - i. Laxum, Colon - i. Majus, Colon - i. 
Medium, Mesentery-i. Plenum, Colon-i. Rec- 
tum, Rectum-i. Tenue, see Intestine. 
INTIMUM UNGUIS, Nail, root of the. 
INTONATIO INTESTINALIS, Borboryg- 
mus. 
INTORSIO, Distorsion. 
INTOXICATIO, Poisoning-i. Arsenicalis, 4r- 
senicismus-i. Opiaca, Meconismus-i. Saturnina, 
Saturnismus. 
INTOXICATION, Poisoning, Temulentia-i. 
des Marais, see Miasm. 
INTOXICATION SA TURNINE. Lead poi- 
soning; saturnine cachexy. The aggregate of 
symptoms which present themselves prior to an 
attack of lead colic. - Taqquerel des Planches. 
INTRALINGUAL SALIVARY GLANDS, 
see Salivary glands. 
INTRALOB'ULAR, Intralobula'ris; from in- 
tro, 'within,' and lobulus, 'a lobule.' Relating 
to the space within a lobule :-as the "intralobu- 
lar veins," vena seu ven'ula intralobula'res seu 
centra'les, of the liver: - veins which communi- 
cate with the interlobular veins, and are the ra- 
dicles of the hepatic veins. 
INTRA-PELVIO TROCIIANTERIEN, Ob- 
turator internus. 
INTR A-U'TERINE, Intraiiteri'nus; from in- 
tra, 'within,' and uterus,. ' the womb.' That 
which takes place within the womb - as 'intra- 
uterine life.' 
INTRICATURA, Decussation. 
INTRIN'SIC, Iiitrin'secusy- from intra, 'with- 
in,' and secus; 'towards.' Applied to the internal 
muscles of certain organs; as those of the ear, INTROITUS 
tongue, and larynx. Linnaeus gave the name 
Intrin'seci to internal diseases. 
INTROITUS PELVIS, see Pelvis-i. Vaginae, 
Rima vulvae. 
INTROMIS'SION, Intromit'sio; from intro, 
'within,' and mitto, 'I send.' The act of intro- 
ducing one body into another, as Intromissio Pe- 
nis, (F.) Intromission de la Verge. 
INTROSUSCEPTIO, Intussusceptio - i. En- 
tropium, Entropion. 
INTUBUM, Cichorium endivia-i. Erraticum, 
Cichorium intybus. 
INTUMES'CENCE, Intumescen'tia, Onco'sis, 
Bionco'sis, from intumescere, (in, and tumescere,) 
'to swell.' Augmentation of size in a part or in 
the whole of the body. Sauvages uses the word 
Intumescen'tia: for an order of diseases, in which 
he comprehends polysarcia, pneumatosis, ana- 
sarca, oedema, physconia, and pregnancy. 
INTUMESCENTIA GANGLIFORMIS, Gan- 
glion of Gasser, see Facial nerve-i. Lactea Mam- 
marum, Sparganosis - i. Lienis, Splenoncus - i. 
Semilunaris, Ganglion of Gasser. 
INTUS INVERSUS, Transposition of the vis- 
cera. 
INTUSSUSCEP'TIO, from intus, 'within,' 
and suscipio, 'I receive.' Introsuscep'tio. In 
physiology ;- the mode of increase peculiar to 
organized bodies. In pathology, like Convolvu- 
lus, Vol'vulus intestino'rum, Suscep'tio intestino'- 
rum, Chordap' sus, Enteroparisago'ge, Parisago'ge 
intestino'rum, Indigita'tio, Tormen'turn, and Inva- 
gina'tio, it means the introduction of one part of 
the intestinal canal into another, which serves it 
as a sort of vagina or sheath. Generally, it is 
the upper part of the small intestine, which is re- 
ceived into the lower, when the intussusception 
is said to be progressive. At times, however, it 
is ret'rograde. As the disease cannot be posi- 
tively detected by the symptoms, it must be 
treated upon general principles. At times, the 
invaginated portion has separated and been 
voided per anum, - the patient recovering. The 
disease is, however, of a very dangerous character. 
INTYBUM, Cichorium endivia. 
INTYBUS HORTENSIS, Cichorium endivia. 
INULA, see Inula helenium - i. Britannica, 
I. dysenterica - i. Common, I. helenium - i. Co- 
nyzoea, I. dysenterica. 
In'ula Dysenter'ica. The systematic name 
of the Lesser Inula, I. Britan'nica seu Conyzce'a, 
Aster dysenter'icus seu undula'tus, Puhca'ria 
dysenter'ica, Cony'za, C. media, Ar'nica Sueden'- 
sis, Ar'nica spu'ria, Cuni'la mas'cula seu me'dia, 
Cunila'go, (F.) Aunte antidysenterique, Herbe de 
Saint Roch. Nat. Ord. Compositae. This plant 
was once considered to possess great antidysen- 
teric virtues. The whole plant is acrid and some- 
what aromatic. 
Inula Helen'ium. The systematic name of 
the Elecampane, En'ula, E. campa'na, Elen'ium, 
Necta'rium, Helinium, Aster helen'ium seu offici- 
na'lis, Corvisar'tia helen'ium, Common Inula, (F.) 
Aunte. The root In'ula (Ph. U. S.) was formerly 
in high esteem in dyspepsia, cachexia, pulmonary 
affections, <tc. It is now scarcely used. 
Inula Lesser, Inula dysenterica - i. Squar- 
rosa, Conyza squarrosa. 
INUNCTIO, Inunction, Liniment. 
INUNC'TION, Inunc'tio, Perunc'tio, Hlit"io, 
Rli'tus, Illinit"io, Oblinit"io, Chris is, Catach'ri- 
sis, Biach'risis, Epich'risis, Unctio. An oint- 
ment or a liniment. Also, the act of rubbing in; 
unction. (F.) Onctfon. 
INUNDATIO, Depuration. 
INUSTIO, Cauterization, Cauterium. 
INUSTORIUM, Cauterium. 
INV AG'TNATED, Invagina'tus, from tn, and 
484 
IODINE 
vagina, 'a sheath.' Applied to a part which is 
received into another, as into a sheath. 
The invaginated or slit and tail bandage is one 
in which strips or tails pass through appropriate 
slits or button-holes. 
INVAGINATIO, Intussusceptio. 
INVALETUDO, Infirmity. 
INVALID, Valetudinary. 
INVALIDES, Valetudinary. 
INVASIO, Arche, Attack, Paroxysm. 
INVERMINATION, Helminthiasis. 
INVERSIO PALPEBRARUM, Entropion-i. 
Uteri, Hysteroptosis, Uterus, inversion of the. 
INVERSION DE LA MATRICE, Uterus, 
inversion of the. 
INVERTENTIA, Absorbents, Antacids. 
INVESTITURA FUNICULI UMBILICA- 
LIS, see Funiculis umbilicalis. 
INVETERATUS, Chronic. 
INVISCANTIA, Incrassantia. 
INVISCA'TIO OC'ULI. A morbid adhesion 
of the eyelids to each other, or to the globe of the 
eye. Also, gluing together of the eyelids by a 
viscid secretion. 
INVOLU'CRUM, Invol amen'turn, from invol- 
vere, 'to fold in.' A covering; hence Involu'cra 
cer'ebri, the membranes of the brain. Involu'cra 
nervo'rum, the sheaths of the nerves. 
Involucrum Cordis, Pericardium-i. Corporis 
commune, Integument-i. Linguae, see Tongue- 
i. Membranaceum, Decidua reflexa-i. Nervorum, 
Neurilema-i. Reti comparatuin, Retina. 
INVOLUMENTUM, Involucrum. 
INVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
IODE, Iodine. 
IODES, jFruginous. 
IODETUM HYDRARGYRICUM, Hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum. 
IO DH YD R ARGYRITE DE CHLORURE 
MERCUREUX, Mercury, iodide of chloride of. 
IODIC, lod'icus, (F.) lodique. Same etymcn 
as Iodine. Containing iodine. 
IODIDUM HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI, 
Mercury, iodide of chloride of-i. Hydrargyri- 
cum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum - i. Hydr*r- 
gyrosum, Hydrargyri iodidum. 
I'ODINE, lo'dina, lo'dinum, lodin'ium, Io', 
dum, lo'dium, lo'nium, lo'num, (F.) lode; from 
imbnf, viola'ceus, ' of a violet colour,' so called 
from the violet flavour it exhales when volatil- 
ized. It is contained in the mother waters of 
certain fuci, and is obtained by pouring an excess 
of concentrated sulphuric acid on the water ob- 
tained by burning different fuci, lixiviating the 
ashes and concentrating the liquor. The mix- 
ture is placed in a retort to which a receiver is 
attached, and is boiled. The iodine passes over 
and is condensed. It is solid, in the form of 
plates; of a bluish gray colour, of a metallic 
brightness, and smell similar to that of the chlo- 
ride of sulphur. Its s. g. is 4.946. When heated, 
it becomes volatilized, and affords the vapour 
which characterizes it. With oxygen it forms 
Iodic acid, and with hydrogen Hydriodie acid. 
The tincture of iodine and the iodides have been 
employed with great success in the treatment of 
goitre and of some scrofulous affections. It must 
he administered in a very small dose and for a 
long period. It is said to be apt, however, to 
induce cholera morbus, signs of great nervous 
irritability, and emaciation of the mammae. 
When these symptoms, collectively termed I'o- 
dism, Iodo'sis, and lodin'ia, are urgent, the dose 
may be diminished, or it may be wholly discon- 
tinued, and afterwards resumed. IODOGNOSIS 
Various preparations of iron are employed in 
medicine. 
TODOGNO'SIS, (F.) lodognosie; from iodine, 
and yvuais, ' knowledge.' A knowledge of iodine 
in its various relations.-Dorvault. 
IODINIA, see Iodine. 
IODINIUM, Iodine. 
IODINUM, Iodine. 
IO DIQUE, Iodic. 
IODISM, see Iodine. 
IODIUM, Iodine. 
I'ODOFORM, lodofor'mum, (F.) lodoforme, so 
called from its analogy to chloroform. It is ob- 
tained by the reaction on each other of iodine, 
bicarbonate of potassa, water, and alcohol. It is 
in crystalline plates, of a beautiful citrine colour; 
and may be given in the same cases as the other 
preparations of iodine. Dose, one grain three 
times a day. It is the sesqui-oxide of carbon. 
See Carbonis sesqui-iodidum. 
IODOHYDRARGYRATE OF POTASSIUM, 
see Iodine. 
IODOSIS, see Iodine. 
IODUM, Iodine. 
IODURE PL03IBIQUE, Plumbi iodidum. 
IODURETUM AMMONIAS, see Iodine -i. 
Amyli, see Iodine - i. Hydrargyrosum, Ilydrar- 
gyri iodidum-i. Sulphuris, see Iodine. 
IODYMUS, Dicephalus. 
ION, Viola. 
IONIA, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
lONID'IUM MARCUCCI, CtncAwncWZi - a 
South American plant. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
Monogynia; Nat. Ord. Violarise; said to be ex- 
tremely efficacious in the Mai de San Lazaro of 
Colombia. 
IONIUM, Iodine. 
IONTA, see Excretion. 
lON'THUS, Varus, Violet Eruption, from tov, 
' the violet,' and avfhs, ' a flower,' or ovOos, ' foul- 
ness.' An unsuppurative, tubercular tumour; 
stationary; chiefly on the face. A genus in the 
class Hcrmatica, order Phlogotica of Good. 
loNTHUjkConYMBiFER, Gutta rosea-i. Varus, 
Acne. 
IONUM, Iodine. 
lOTACIS'MUS, from the Greek letter Iota. 
Defective articulation, - the patient not being 
able to pronounce the palatals j and g soft. 
IPECAC, Apocynum androsaemifolium, Eu- 
phorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata, Ipecacuan- 
ha, Triosteum. 
IPECACUAN'HA. In common parlance, often 
abridged to Ipecac. The pharmacopoeial name 
of the Cephae'lis ipecacuan'ha, Callicoc'ca Ipe- 
cacuan'ha, Cagosanga. Nat. Ord. Cinehonaceaj. 
It is also obtained from the Psycho'tria emet'lea 
of Peru. The odour of the root, Ipecacuan'ha 
root, Ipecacacuan'hce radix, Radix Brazilien'sis, 
- Ipecacuanha, (Ph. U. S.) - is faint and pecu- 
liar ; taste bitter, subacrid, and mucilaginous; 
both water and alcohol extract its virtues, which 
depend on a peculiar principle, called Emet'ia. 
It is emetic in large doses; sudorific in smaller. 
Dose, as an emetic, gr. xx to xxx, - alone, or 
united with gr. i to ij. of tartarized antimony. 
Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia corollata - i. Bas- 
tard, Asclepias curassavica, Triosteum perfolia- 
tum-i. Blanc de Vile de France, Asclepias asth- 
matica-i. Blanc de St. Domingue, Asclepias cu- 
rassavica - i. of the Isle of France, Cynanchum 
vomitorium. 
Ipecacuan'ha, White, is obtained from diffe- 
rent species of Richardsonia and lonidium. Vi'- 
ola ipecacuan'ha seu Solea ipecacuan'ha seu Pom- 
la'lea ipecacuan'ha, also affords it. It is weaker 
than the gray. 
IPO, Upas. 
485 
IRIS 
IPOMCEA JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa - i. 
Macrorrhiza, Convolvulus Jalapa. 
IRA, Rage. 
IRACUNDUS, Rectus externus oculi. 
IRAL'GIA; Ireal'gia, Iridal'gia, from ipif, 
' the iris,' and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain in the iris. 
IRASCIBLE, Rectus externus oculi. 
IREALGIA, Iralgia. 
IREONCION, Iriancistron. 
IRIANCIS'TRON, Iridanciat'ron, Ireon'cion, 
from cpis, and ayxi<rrppv, ' a hook.' A hooked in- 
strument, used by Schlagintweit in the formation 
of an artificial pupil. 
IRIDJE'A EDU'LIS. One of the Algae, eaten 
in Scotland and the southwest of England. 
IRIDALGIA, Iralgia. 
IRIDANCISTRON, Iriancistron. 
IRIDAUXE'SIS, from Iris, I'ridix, and avfo- 
ais, ' augmentation ;' Staphylo'ma I'ridie, Sta- 
phylo'ma U'vece, Iridonco'xig, Lymphon'cus I'ri- 
die. Exudation of fibrin into the tissue of the iris. 
IRIDECTOMEDIALYSIS, see Coretomia. 
IRIDECTOMIA, Coretomia. 
IRIDENCLEISIS, see Coretomia. 
IRIDENCLEISMUS, see Coretomia. 
IRIDERE'MIA, from ipi$, and ipnpos, ' deprived 
of;' Iridostere'xis. Absence of iris, either appa- 
rent or real. 
IRIDOCELE, Ptosis iridis. 
IRIDOCOLOBOMA, Coloboma iridis. 
IRIDODIALYSIS, Cm-etornia. 
IRIDOMALA'CIA, from <p<j, 'the iris,' and 
pahaxia, ' softness.' Mollescence or softening of 
the iris. 
IRIDOMELANO'MA, Iridomelano'sin, from 
ipis, ' the iris,' and peXavciv, ' to colour black.' 
The deposition of black matter on the tissue of 
the iris. 
IRIDONCO'SIS, Iridon'cun, Hyperonco' gis. Iri- 
dte, from ipis, ' the iris,' and oyxog, * a swelling.' 
Tumefaction or thickening of the iris. Also, Iri- 
dauxesis. 
IRIDONCUS, Iridoncosis. 
IRIDOPERIPHAKI'TIS j from <p<c, 'the iris,' 
Trtpt, 'around,' and phacitit, inflammation of the 
lens. Inflammation of the anterior hemisphere 
of the capsule of the lens. 
IRIDOPTOSIS, Ptosis iridis. 
IRIDOR'RIIAG AS, Iridorrho'ge, Iridor'rhox, 
Iri douchin'ma, Fienu'ra I'ridig, from ipis, 'iris,' 
and paya;, ' a fissure.' Fissure of the iris. 
IRIDORRIIOGE, Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDORRHOX, Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDOSCHISMA, Iridorrhagas. 
IRIDOSTERESIS, Irideremia. 
IRIDOTENCLEISIS, Coretomia. 
IRIDOTOMIA, Coretomia. 
IRIDOTROMUS, Hippus. 
IRIS, (gen. I'ridis) Gramme. So called from its 
resembling the rainbow in a variety of colours. 
A membrane, stretched vertically at the anterior 
part of the eye, in the midst of the aqueous hu- 
mour, in which it forms a kind of circular, flat 
partition, separating the anterior from the poste- 
rior chamber. It is perforated by a circular 
opening called the pupil, which is constantly va- 
rying its dimensions, owing to the varying con- 
tractions of the fibres of the iris. Its posterior 
surface has been called uvea, from the thick, 
black varnish which covers it. The greater cir- 
cumference of the iris is adherent to the ciliary 
processes and circle. It has an external plane of 
radiated fibres and an internal one of circular 
fibres, which serve - the one to dilate, the other 
to contract the aperture of the pupil. The iris 
receives the irian nerves. Its arteries are fur- 
nished by the long ciliary arteries which form two IRIS 
circles by their anastomoses; the one very broad, 
mar the great circumference; the other, smaller, 
and seated around the circumference of the pupil. 
The veins of the iris empty themselves into the 
Vasa vorticosa, and into the long ciliary veins. 
The use of the iris seems to be, - to regulate by 
its dilatation or contraction, the quantity of lu- 
minous rays necessary for distinct vision. The 
different colours of the iris occasion the variety 
in the colours of the human eye. 
Iris, see Herpes Iris - i. Common, I. Germa- 
nica- i. Commun, I. Germanica - i. de Florence, 
I. Fiorentina. 
Iris Florenti'na, Florentine iris or orris, (F.) 
Iris de Florence. The rhizoma of this plant is 
extremely acrid in its recent state; and, when 
chewed, excites a pungent heat in the mouth, that 
continues for several hours. When dried, the 
acrimony is lost, or nearly so, and the smell is 
very agreeable. It is indebted to its agreeable 
flavour for its retention in the pharmacopoeias, 
although it is ranked as an expectorant. 
IrisFietidis'sima,/. foe'tida, Spath'ula foe'tida, 
Xyris, Stinking iris, (F.) Irispuant,Glayeulpuant. 
The root has been esteemed antispasmodic and 
narcotic. 
Iris German'ica. The systematic name of the 
Flotcer-de-Luce, Iris nostras, Aier'sa, Iris vulga'- 
ris, Common iris or orris, Gladi'olus caru'leus, 
(F.) Iris commun, Flambe. The fresh roots have 
a disagreeable smell an<J an acrid, nauseous taste. 
They are powerfully cathartic, and are given in 
dropsies, where such remedies are indicated. 
Iris Lacus'tris, Dwarf-flag, Dwarf lake-iris; 
has the properties of I. versicolor. 
Iris, Lake, Dwarf, I. lacustris - i. Lutea, I. 
pseudacorus. 
IRIS DES MARAIS, I. pseudacorus - i. Nos- 
tras, I. Germanica - i. Palustris, I. pseudacorus. 
Iris Pseudac'orus. The systematic name of 
the Yellow water-flag, Iris palns'tris seu lu'tea, 
Gladi'olus lu'texts, Ac'orus vulga'ris seu adulteri'- 
nus seu palus'tris, Pseudac'orus, Bu'tomon, (F.) 
Iris des marais, Faux acore, Flambe batard, Acore 
batard. The root has an acrid, styptic taste. It 
is an errhine, sialogogue, and acrid astringent. 
The expressed juice is diuretic, and said to be a 
useful application to serpiginous and other cuta- 
neous affections. Rubbed on the gums, or chewed, 
it is said to cure toothache. 
IRIS PUANT, I. fcetidissima - i. Stinking, 
I. fcetidissima. 
Iris Versic'olor, Blue flag. The rhizoma of 
this is an active cathartic, and has been much 
used, as such, by the American Indians. It is 
reputed to be diuretic. 
Iris Vulgaris, I. Germanica. 
IRISITIS, Iritis. 
IRI'TIS, Inflammation of the iris, Inflamma'tio 
I'ridis, Irisi'tis. The chief symptoms are; - 
change in the colour of the iris ; fibres less mova- 
ble ; tooth-like processes shooting into the pupil; 
pupil irregularly contracted, with the ordinary 
signs of inflammation of the eye. If the inflam- 
mation do not yield, suppuration takes place; 
and, although the matter may be absorbed, the 
iris remains immovable. It is often caused by 
syphilis. The general principles of treatment 
arc, to deplete largely and exhibit mercury freely; 
along with attention to other means advisable in 
ophthalmia. The free use of quinia is sometimes 
serviceable. When the inflammation is seated in 
the serous covering of the iris, it is termed Iritis 
aero'so 
IRON, Ferrum -i. Acetate of, Ferri aeetas - 
!. and Alumina, sulphate of, Ferri et aluminis 
sulphas - i. Ammoniated, Ferrum ammoniatum 
•-i. Ammonio-citrate of, Ferri aminonio-citras - 
L Ammonio-chloride of, Ferrum ammoniatum - 
486 
IRRITABLE 
i. Ammonio-tartrate of, Ferri ammonio-tartras-• 
i. and Ammonia, citrate of, Ferri ammonio-citras 
- i. and Quinia Hydriodate of, see Iodine-r-i. 
Bromide of, see Bromine - i. Carbonate of, sac- 
charine, Ferri proto-carbonas- i. Carburet of, 
Graphites - i. Black oxide of, Oxydum ferri ni- 
grum- i. Citrate of, Ferri citras - i. Citrate of 
the magnetic oxide of, see Ferri ammonio-citras 
- i. Ferrocyanuret of, Prussian blue - i. Ferro- 
prussiate of, Prussian blue - i. Filings, purified, 
Ferri limatura purilicata-i. Hydrated oxide of, 
Ferrum oxydatum hydratum - i. Hydrated per- 
oxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum - i. Hy- 
drated tritoxide of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum 
-i. Hydriodate of, Ferri iodidnm-i. Ilydro-oxide 
of, Ferrum oxydatum hydratum - i. Iodide of, 
see Iodine - i. Iodide of, Ferri iodidum -i. lo- 
duret of, Ferri iodidum - i. Lactate of, Ferri lac- 
tas - i. Liquor, Ferri acetas - i. and Magnesia, 
citrate of, Ferri et Magnesias citras - i. Nitrate 
of, solution of, see Tinctura Ferri muriatis - i. 
Peroxide of, Ferri subearbonas - i. Phosphate of, 
Ferri phosphas - i. Pills of, compound, Pilulao 
ferri compositae - i. Potassio-citrate of, see Ferri 
ammonio-citras - i. Protocarbonate of, Ferri pro- 
toearbonas - i. Protoxide of. lactate of, Ferri lac- 
tas - i. Pyrites, Ferri sulphuretum - i. and Qui- 
nia, citrate of, Ferri et Quiniae citras - i. and 
Quinia, hydriodate of, see Quinia, iodide of iod- 
hydrate of-i. Sesquinitrate of, Solution of, see 
Tinctura ferri muriatis-i. Sesquioxide of, Ferri 
subearbonas-i. Sodio-citrate of, see Ferri ammo- 
nio-citras- i. Sulphate of, Ferri sulphas - i. 
Sulphuret of, Ferri sulphuretum - i. Tannate of, 
Ferri tannas-i. Tartarized, Ferrum tartarizatum 
- i. Ternitrate of, solution of, see Tinctura ferri 
muriatis - i. Trito-hydro-ferrocyanate of, Prus- 
sian blue - i. and Potass, tartrate of, Ferrum tar- 
tarizatum- i. Valerianate of, Ferri valerianas - 
i. Weed, Vernonia Noveboracensis. 
IRREDU'CIBLE, (F.) Irreducible. An epi- 
thet given to fractures, luxations, hernia), <fcc., 
when they cannot be reduced. 
IRREDUCIBLE, Irreducible. 
IRREG'ULAR, Irregnla'ris, Anom' aloua ; from 
im, ' privative,' and regida, ' a rule.' A term 
chiefly applied to the types of a disease; and, 
also, to the pulse, when its beats are separated by 
unequal intervals. 
Irreg'ular Practit"ioner. One who does not 
practise his profession according to rules sanc- 
tioned by law or custom. 
IRREMEDIABLE, Incurable. 
IRREPTIO, Attack. 
IRRIGA'TION, Irriga'tio, Embroca'tio, Irro- 
ra'tio : ' the act of watering or moistening.' The 
methodical application of water to an affected 
part, to keep it constantly wet. 
IRRITABILITAS, Irritability - i. Morbosa, 
see Subsultus tendinum - i. Vesicae, Cysterethis- 
mus. 
IRRITABIL'ITY, Irritabil'itas, from irrito, 
(in, 'privative,' and ritua, 'the usual manner,') 
'I provoke.' Via irritabilita'tis, Vita, Via 
in'aita of Haller, Via vita'lia of Gorter, Oscil- 
la'tio of Boerhaave, Tonic power of Stahl, Vita 
pro'pria, Inherent power, Contractil'ity, Excita- 
bility, <tc. A power, possessed by all living, or- 
ganized bodies, of being acted upon by certain 
stimuli, and of moving responsive to stimulation. 
It is the ultimate vital property. 
IR'RITABLE, Irritab'ilia. That which is en- 
dowed with irritability. Every living organized 
tissue is irritable; that is, capable of feeling an 
appropriate stimulus, and of moving responsive to 
such stimulus. Irritable is often used in the same 
sense as impressible, as when we speak of an irri- 
table person, or habit, or temper. This last con- 
dition has been variously termed - Debilitaa IRRITAMEN 
nervo'sa, D. Erethis'ica, Hyper cine'via nervo'sa, 
Neurastheni'a, Neurostheni' a, Sensibil'itas anom'- 
ala, S. Aforbo'sa, S. aucta. 
IRRITAMEN, Irritant, Stimulus. 
IRRITAMENTUM, Erethism, Irritant, Sti- 
mulus - i. Metallicum, Galvanism. 
IR'RITANT, Irri'tans, Irrita'men, Irritamen- 
ium. That which causes irritation or pain, heat 
and tension; either mechanically, as punctures, 
acupuncture, or scarification; chemically, as the 
alkalies and acids; or in a specific manner, as 
cantharides. 
Irritants are of great use in the treatment of 
disease. 
IRRITATING POISON, see Poison. 
IRRITATIO, Erethism, Gargale, Irritation. 
IRRITA'TION, Irrita'tio, Erethis'mus. The 
state of a tissue or organ, in which there is ex- 
cess of vital movement; commonly manifested 
by increase of the circulation and sensibility. 
Broussais defines irritation to be ; - the condition 
of an organ, the excitation of which is carried to 
so high a degree, that the equilibrium resulting 
from the balance of all the functions is broken. 
In this signification, he also uses the word sur- 
irritation, which he considered as a higher de- 
gree, and as the essential cause of fever. Irrita- 
tion is the percursor of inflammation. 
Irrita'tion, Morbid, Constitu'tional irritation, 
Ir'ritative fever, Pseudo-fever, is that excitement 
which occurs after injuries done to the body, or 
to any part thereof; - constituting cases of dis- 
eased sympathy. 
IRRITATIVE FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
IRRORATIO, Irrigation. 
IS, Fibre. 
ISA'TIS TINCTO'RIA, Woad, Pastel. A Eu- 
ropean plant, whose leaves have a fugitive pun- 
gent smell, and an acrid durable taste. They are 
not used, however, in medicine at the present 
day; but are the source of the dye-stuff, woad. 
ISCA, Boletus igniarius. 
ISCHAS'MIA, from <<ry<x), 'I retain,' and 'aiya, 
'blood? Morbid retention or suppression of an 
habitual flux of blood, as of the hemorrhoidal or 
menstrual flux or of epistaxis. See llaamatosta- 
tica. 
ISCHJE'MON, Ischa'mum. Same etymon. A 
medicine which restrains or stops bleeding. 
IS'CHESIS, from arxpv, 'to retain? Suppres- 
sion or retention of a discharge or secretion. 
IS'CHIA, MINERAL WATERS OF. In this 
volcanic isle, five miles from Naples, there are 
several thermal waters, one of which - that of 
Gurgitello - raises the thermometer of Fahr, to 
167°. 
ISCHIACUS, Isehiatic. 
ISCIIIADICUS MORBUS, Neuralgia femoro- 
poplitiea - i. Nervus, Sciatic nerve. 
ISCHIADOCELE, Ischiocele. 
ISCHIAGRA, Is'chias, Ischial'gia, from 
'the haunch,'.and aypa, 'a seizure? A name 
given to isehiatic gout. Femoro-popliteal neu- 
ralgia has, also, been so called. 
ISCHIALGIA, Ischiagra, Neuralgia femoro- 
poplitiea. 
ISCHIAS, Ischiagra - i. Nervosa Antica, Neu- 
ralgia femoro-praetibialis - i. Nervosa Cotunnii, 
Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea - i. Nervosa digitalis, 
Neuralgia cubito-digitalis - i. Nervosa postiea, 
Neuralgia femoro-poplitasa - i. a Sparganosi, 
Phlegmatia dolens. 
ISCHIAT'IC, Isehiad'ie, Ischiat'ieus, Ischiad'- 
icus, Isehiacus, Seiat'ie, from iax<ov, * the haunch;' 
whence the word Sciatic. Au epithet given to 
parts connected with the ischium. The Sciatic 
Notches, (F.) Echancrures Ischiatiques, are 
487 
ISOHIO 
formed by this bone; the Ischiatic Seine belongs 
to it, and gives attachment to the small sacrosci- 
atic ligament. The Tuberos'ity of the Ischium, 
Os sedenta'rium, Tuber Is'chii, (F.) Tuberosity 
sciatique, is formed by it. It receives the inser- 
tions of different muscles of the thigh, and forms 
the projection on which the body rests when 
seated. 
Ischiatic Artery, Sciat'ic Ar'tery, (F.) Artire 
Ftmoro-Poplitee (Ch.) arises singly from the hy- 
pogastric, or with the gluteal; and seems to be 
really a continuation of the trunk of the hypo- 
gastric. It issues from the pelvis, at the lower 
part of the great sciatic notch; and, afterwards, 
divides into a considerable number of branches, 
which are distributed particularly to the posterior 
and superior region of the thigh. 
Ischiatic Region, Sciat'ic region; Regio ischi- 
ad'ica. The region of the hip. 
Ischiatic Vein presents the same arrange- 
ment as the artery. 
ISCIIIATICUS, Sciatic. 
ISCHIATOCELE, Ischiocele. 
ISCHIDRO'SIS, Sudo'ris suppres'sio, Oligid'- 
ria, from ' I restrain,' and 'idpoif, ' sweat.' 
Suppression of perspiration. 
ISCIIIOBLEN'NIA, Ischoblen'nia, from 
' I restrain,' and fiAevva, ' mucus.' The suppres- 
sion of a morbid but habitual discharge of mucus. 
ISCIIIO-CAVERNO'SUS. Belonging to the 
ischium and corpus cavernosum. 
Ischio-Cavernosus muscle, Collatera'lis, Di- 
rector penis, Erec'tor penis, Sustenta'tor Penis, 
Ischio-urethral (Ch.) is a small, long, flat muscle, 
which surrounds the origin of the corpus caver- 
nosum. It is fixed below to the inner side of the 
tuberosity of the ischium, and above to the root 
of the penis, where it is confounded with the 
fibrous membrane of the corpus cavernosum. It 
draws the root of the penis downwards and back- 
wards. 
Ischio-Cavernosus of the female, Erector- 
clitor'idis, Sustenta'tor clitor'idis, Superior ro- 
tun'dus clitor'idis, (F.) Ischio-clitoridien, Ischio 
sous-clitorien, (Ch.), is arranged' nearly as in the 
male, but is less bulky. It arises, by aponeurosis, 
from the tuberosity of the ischium, and terminates 
by embracing the corpus cavernosum of the cli- 
toris, to the erection of which it appears to con- 
tribute. 
ISCHIOCE'Lfi, Ischiatoce'le, Ischiadoce'le, 
Hernia ischia'tica; from tvxiov, ' the ischium,' 
and KrfAn, 'tumour.' Ischiatic hernia. One in 
which the viscera issue by the great sciatic notch. 
It is a rare disease. The protruded parts must 
be reduced-the patient being placed in a favour- 
able position, and they must be retained by a 
bandage. 
ISCII10-CLITORIA'NUS. That which is 
connected with the ischium and clitoris. 
Ischio-Clito'rian Artery of Chaussier is a 
division of the internal pudic, which furnishes 
the two arteries of the clitoris - the superficial 
and deep-seated. 
Ischio -Clitorian Nerve, of the same pro- 
fessor, is the superior branch of the pudic nerve, 
which is distributed to the clitoris. 
ISCHIO - CLITORIDIEN, Ischio - cavernous 
-i. Coccygeus, Coccygeus-i. Creti-tibial, Serni- 
tendinosus, - i. Femoralis, Adductor magnus 
i. Femoro-peronier, Biceps flexor cruris-i. Peri- 
neal, Transversus perInsei - i. Popliti-fimoral, 
Semi-membranosus - i. Popliti-tibial, Semi- 
membranosus - i. Pretibial, Semi-tendinosus - 
t. Sous-clitorien, Ischio-cavemosus -t. Sous-iro- 
chantlrien, Quadratus femoris-t. Spino-trochan- ISCHION 
tfrien, Ischio-trochanterianus- t. Urethral, Is- 
chio-cavernosus. 
ISCHIODYMIA, see Somatodymia. 
IS'CHION, Ischium, Os ischii, Os coxen'dicis, 
Hip-bone, Huckle-bone, Seat-bone, (F.) Os de 
Vassiette. The lowermost of the three portions 
which compose the os innominatum in the foetus 
and young individual. The inferior region of the 
same bone has, also, been called 'ischium, in the 
adult. According to Hesychius, the ancients de- 
signated by the word ischion, the capsular liga- 
ment of the coxo-feinoral articulation, as well as 
the articulation itself. Some derive the wor<j 
from the lumbar region; others from the 
v6rb ' I arrest,' ' I retain - because that 
bone serves as a base or support for the trunk, 
when we are seated. 
Ischion, Haunch, 
ISCHIOPA'GES, from Ischion, and irayw, ' I 
fasten.' A monstrous union of two foetuses, in 
which they are attached to each other by the 
ischia. - Geoffroy St. Hilaire. See Hypogastro- 
didymus. 
ISCHIOPHTHI'SIS, Tabes coxa'ria seu ischi- 
ad'ica, Phthisis ischiad'ica, from icxiov, 'ischium,' 
and phthisis. Phthisis in consequence of suppu- 
ration of the hip joint. 
ISCHIO-PROSTAT'ICUS. Winslow, Sancto- 
rini, Albinus, and Sdmmering, have given this 
name to the fibres of the transversus perinaei 
muscle, which go towards the prostate. 
ISCHIO-RECTAL FOSSA, Perineal fossa. 
ISCHIOSjS, Neuralgia femoro poplitaea. 
IS 0 H10 - TROCHANTERIA'NUS, (Wim, 
Gemel'li. Part of the Marsupia'lis of Cowper; 
Car' neum Marsu'pium, Ischio-spini-trochanterien, 
Secun'dus et ter'tius quadrigem' inus, (F.) Muscle 
cannele, Accessoire- d I'obturateur interne. Two 
small, fleshy bundles, long and flat, which arise, 
-the superior on the outside of the sciatic spine; 
the inferior behind the tuberosity of the ischium. 
Both pass horizontally outwards, and are attached 
to the tendon of the obturator internus, which 
they accompany into the fossa of the trochanter. 
These muscles are rotators of the lower limb out- 
wards. They can, also, turn the pelvis on the 
femur, in standing on one foot. 
ISCHIUM, Ischion. 
ISCHL, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
springs, which are in Upper Austria, contain 
iodine and bromine. 
ISCHNOPHO'NIA, from 'slender,' and 
Quvn, 'voice.' Slenderness of voice. - Hippo- 
crates, Galen. 
ISCHNOTES, Emaciation. 
ISCHO, ia%u>, 'I keep back,' 'I restrain,' 'I 
hold firm.' Hence: 
ISCHOBLENNIA, Ischioblennia. 
ISCHOCENO'SIS, from «ryw, 'I arrest,' and 
Kevutais, 'evacuation.' Retention or suppression 
of a natural evacuation - as of the menses. 
ISCHOCHOL'IA, from 'I arrest,' and 
'Xp'Xn, ' bile.' Reten'tio bills. Retention or sup- 
pression of the biliary secretion. 
ISCHOCOILIA, Constipation; 
ISCHOCOPRIA, Constipation. 
ISCHOGALAC'TIA, lleten'tio lactis, from 
and yuAa, 'milk.' Want of milk in the mammae. 
ISCHOLO'CHIA or Iseholochi'a, Lochios'che- 
sis, Suppres'sio lochio'rum, from urxp>, 'I restrain,' 
and ' the lochial discharge.' Reten'tio 
lochio'rum. Suppression of the lochial discharge. 
ISCHOMENIA, Amenorrhoea. 
ISCHONEURALGIA, Neuralgia femoro-pop- 
litiua. 
ISCHOPHONIA, Balbuties. 
ISCHOSPER'MIA, from 'I retain/ and 
ISOPATHIA 
arrippa, 'sperm;' Sem'inis reten'tio. Retent'on 
or suppression of the spermatic secretion. 
ISCHURET'IC, Ischuret'icum. Same etymon 
as the next. A medicine for relieving suppressu a 
of urine. A diuretic. 
ISCHU'RIA, Uri'nce suppres'sio, Stoppage of 
urine, Suppres'sio lo'tii, Paru'ria retent io'nis 
from <<rxw> 'I arrest,' 'I retain,' and ovpov, 'urine.' 
Impossibility of discharging the urine. Gene- 
rally restricted to suppression of the secretion, 
or to renal Ischuria or Anu'ria, Annre'sis. 
Ischuria Vera is that in which the urine having 
accumulated in the bladder, the patient is unable 
to pass it, notwithstanding the inclination which 
constantly distresses him. In/afoe ischuria, Pa- 
ru'ria inops, Paru'ria retentio'nis rena'lis, Ischu- 
ria notha seu spu'ria, of some, (F.) Suppression 
d' Urine, owing to some disease of the kidney or 
uterus, the urine cannot reach the bladder. 
Ischuria has likewise received various other 
names, according to the seat and character of 
the obstacle which opposes the exit of the urine: 
hence the expressions - Renal, Ureteric, Vesical, 
Urethral, and Calculous Ischuria. Vesical Ischu- 
ria is synonymous with Retention of urine, which 
see. 
Ischuria Cysto-phlegmatica, Cystirrhoea - 
i. Phimosica, see Phimosicus-i. Spasmodica, Cys- 
tospasraus-i. Spuria, see Ischuria-i. Urethralis 
a phimosi, see Phimosicus-i. Vera, see Ischuria 
-i. Vesicalis, Retention of urine. 
ISINGLASS, Ichthyocolla. 
ISIR, Elixir. 
ISIS NOBILIS, see Coral. 
ISLAND OF REIL, Insula cerebri. 
ISLE OF WIGHT, CLIMATE OF. This 
beautiful island is a favourable summer retreat 
for invalids. Undercliff is the situation chosen 
as a winter residence for phthisical valetudina- 
rians. Cowes, Niton, Sandown, Shanklin, and 
Ryde, are delightful summer residences. 
IS 0 CII' R ONOUS, Isoch'ronus, Isochron'ius, 
Isod'romus, from taos, 'equal,' and 'time.' 
That which takes place in the same time, or in 
equal times. The pulsations of the arteries, in 
various parts of the body, are nearly isochronous. 
IS 0 C II'R YS ON, Auro compar • from 10-05, 
' equal,' and ' gold.' A collyrium, de- 
scribed by Galen as worth its weight in gold. 
Libavius has also given this name to an amal- 
gam, made with equal parts of antimony and 
mercury. 
ISOC'RATES, from 10-05, 'equal,' and Kt.par*vpi, 
'I mix.' A mixture of equal parts of wine and 
water. - Hippocrates. 
ISODROMUS, Isochronous. 
ISOLUSINE, see Polygala senega. 
ISOM'ERIC, Isomer'icus, Isom'erus, Isoma'rus, 
Isom'orus, from <0-05, ' equal,' and ycpof, ' part.' 
An epithet applied to different bodies which 
agree in composition, but differ in properties. 
The condition is termed Isom'erism. 
ISOMERISM, see Isomeric. 
ISOMORPHISM, see Isomorphous. 
ISOMOR'PHOUS, Isomor'phus, Isomor'phieus, 
from 1005, 'equal,' and poptfuj, 'form.' An epithet 
applied to different bodies which have the same 
crystalline form. The condition is called Iso- 
morphism. 
ISONANDRA GUTTA, see Gutta pereha. 
ISOPATHI'A, Isop'athy, from iaos, ' equal,' 
and Trado;, 'disease.' This term has been used 
by some of the/German writers to signify the 
cure of diseases by the disease itself, or its pro- 
ducts;- under the hypothesis, that every conta- 
gious disease contains in its contagious matter 
488 ISSUE 
the means for its cure; - thus, that variola may 
be cured by homoeopathic doses of variolous 
matter; syphilis, with venereal matter, &c., &e. 
Others have given to isopathy another form; - 
maintaining, that every diseased organ has its 
remedy, in the same organ,-that eating liver, for 
example, will remove disease of the liver! 
Isopathia has been used by an American writer 
- Dr. J. M. B. Harden, of Georgia - to mean 
"Parallelism of Diseases;" "the disposition of 
diseases to ' anastomose with each other,' or to 
wear each other's livery." 
ISSUE, Fonticulus - i. Peas, Aurantia curas- 
saventia, see Fonticulus. 
ISTHME DU GOSIER, Isthmus of the fauces. 
ISTIIMION, Isthmus, Pharynx. 
ISTHMI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Fau'cium, I. pa- 
la' ti, Angi'na simplex, Cynan'che simplex, Angi'na 
mitis, A. faucium, Angor fau'cium, (F.) Angine 
simple. Inflammation of the fauces. See Cy- 
nanche pharyngea, and Angina. 
IS TIIM 0 CATAR'R HUS; from «70gOf, ' the 
fauces,' and xarappooj, ' catarrh.' Catarrh of the 
fatlces. 
ISTIIMODYN'IA, from «r0poj, 'the fauces,' 
and otmvg, ' pain.' Pain in the fauces. 
ISTHMOPLE'GIA; from iaf)pos, ' the fauces,' 
and itXriyri, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the fauces. 
ISTIIMOS, Pharynx. 
ISTHMOTYPHUS, Cynanche maligna. 
ISTHMUS, Isth'mion. A tongue of land join- 
ing a peninsula to a continent, or which sepa- 
rates two seas. Anatomists have given the name 
Fauces, Isthmus of the Fauces, Isthmus Fau'cium, 
Claustrum Gut'turis, (F.) Isthme du gosier, to the 
strait which separates the mouth from the pha- 
rynx. It is formed above by the velum palati 
and uvula; at the sides, by the pillars of the 
fauces and the tonsils; and below, by the base 
of the tongue. 
Isthmus of the Fossa Ova'lis; Isthmus Vieus- 
sen'ii, Striga cartilagino'sa cordis, is the promi- 
nent arch formed above the fossa ovalis by the 
union of the two pillars which bound the cavity. 
Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland is a narrow 
hand that unites the two chief lobules composing 
the thyroid gland. 
Isthmus Hepatis, see Lobulus anonymus - i. 
Urethras, see Urethra-i. Vieussenii, Isthmus of 
the fossa ovalis, see Ovalis fossa. 
ITALICUS MORBUS, Syphilis. 
ITCH, Psora-i. of Animals, Scabies ferina- 
i. Bakers', see Psoriasis - i. Barbers', Sycosia. 
Itch, Cowpox. A cutaneous eruption, ob- 
served and described by Golis, which appeared 
after the fourteenth day from vaccination, and 
consisted of isolated vesicles, often filled with a 
puriform fluid. 
Itch, Grocers,' see Psoriasis - i. Insect, see 
Psora - i. Weed, Veratrum viride. 
489 
JACTATION 
- 
ITCHING, Parap'aia pruri'tua, Antal'gia pru- 
rigino'aa, Pruri'tua, Pruri'go, Cneamoa, Cneama, 
(F.) Prurit, Demangeaiaon. A sensation, more 
inconvenient than painful, seated especially at 
the surface of the body, which provokes the 
patient to scratch the part. It may be either an 
external or an internal sensation : that is, pro- 
duced by an external body, or by some modifica- 
tion in the organic actions of the part to which 
it is referred. 
ITEA, Salix. 
ITER DENTIS, see Gubernaculum dentis - 
i. Femineum, Perinaeum-i. ad Infundibulum, 
Vulva - i. a Palato ad Aurem, Eustachian tube 
- i. ad Quartum ventriculum, Aquaeductus Sylvii 
- i. ad Tertium ventriculum, Vulva - i. Urines, 
Urethra - i. Urinarium, Urethra.. 
ITHYPHAL'LUS, from i$v$, 'straight,' and 
<paXXos, 'penis.' An amulet, in the form of a 
penis, anciently worn round the neck, to which 
were attributed alexiterial properties. 
ITINERARIUM, Conductor, Director. 
ITIS, from irr/i, 'bold,' 'rash.' A suffix de- 
noting inflammation;-as encephalit»«, inflam- 
mation of the encephalon; - Pleunt/s, inflam- 
mation of the pleura. 
IVA, Teucrium iva - i. Arthritica, Teucrium 
chamaspitys - i. Moschata Monspeliensium, Teu- 
crium iva - i. Pecanga, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
IVETTE MUSQUEE, Teucrium iva - i. Pe- 
tite, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
IVOIRE, Ivory. 
IVORY, Ebur, EVephaa, (F.) Ivoire. The tusk 
of the elephant. It is chiefly composed of phos- 
phate of lime, and is used for the fabrication of 
pessaries, artificial teeth, handles of instruments, 
Ac. Formerly, when calcined to whiteness, it 
entered into some pharmaceutical preparations. 
It was regarded as astringent and anthelmintic, 
and was called Spodium. 
The dentine is the ivory of the human tooth. 
See Tooth. 
IVRAIE, Lolium temulentum. 
IVRESSE, Temulentia. 
IVY, Hedera helix, Kalmia angustifolia - i. 
American, Ampelopsis quinquefolia-i. Big, Kal- 
mia latifolia - i. Fine-leaved, Ampelopsis quin- 
quefolia-i. Ground, Glecoma hederaceum. 
IXIA, Varix, Viscum album. 
IXINE, Atractylus gummifera. 
IXIR, Elixir. 
IXOS, Viscum album. 
IXUS, Galium aparine. 
IXYOMYELI'TIS, from ifej, 'the lumbar re- 
gion,' yviXos, 'marrow,' and itia, denoting inflam- 
mation. Inflammation of the spinal marrow in 
the lumbar region. 
IXYS, Ix'ya, Ix'ye. Used by different authors 
for the ilia, flanks, and loins; most frequently 
for the last. - Hippocrates. 
J. 
JABOT, Ingluvies. 
JAC A INDICA, Thymus mastichina. 
JACEA, Tricolor, Viola Tricolor--j. Ramosis- 
eitna, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
JACKNS, Sick. 
JACK IN THE HEDGE, Alliaria. 
JACKSON'S BATHING SPIRITS, Linimen- 
tum saponis compositum. 
JACOBAEA, Senecio Jacobaea. 
JACOBEE, Senecio Jaeobaea. 
JACOB'S LADDER, FALSE, Polemoriium 
reptans. 
JACOBSON'S ANASTOMOSIS, see Petrosal 
ganglion. 
JACTA'TION, Jactita'tion, Jacta'tio, Jaeta'tua, 
Rhiptas'mot, Jactita'tio, from jactare, ' to toss 
about.' Extreme anxiety; excessive restlessness; 
-a symptom observed in serious diseases. JACTITATIO 
JACTITATIO, Inquietude. 
JADE NEPHRITE ou ORIENTATE, Ne- 
phreticus lapis. 
JAGRE, see Tari. 
JALAP, Convolvulus jalapa, Phytolacca de- 
candra-j. Cancer root, Phytolacca decandra- 
J. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
JALAPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
JALAPINE, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
JALAPIUM, see Convolvulus jalapa. 
JALAPPA, Convolvulus jalapa-j. Alba, Con- 
volvulus mechoacan. 
JALEYRAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters are situate two leagues from Mau- 
riac in France, on the road from Clermont in 
Auvergne. The waters contain lime and carbo- 
nate of soda, and are esteemed to be tonic, ape- 
rient, <fcc. 
JALOPA, Convolvulus jalapa. 
JAMAICA, see West Indies-j. Bark tree, 
Bursera gummifera. 
JAMAICINE, see Geoffrma inermis. 
JAMBES DE BAR BADE, see Elephantiasis 
-j. du Cervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
JAMBIER, Tibial-j. Anterieur, Tibialis an- 
timis -j. Grele, Plantar muscle -j. Posterieur, 
Tibialis posticus. 
JAMES'S ANALEPTIC PILLS, see Ana- 
leptica. 
JAMESTOWN WEED, Datura stramonium. 
JANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
JANIPIIA MANIHOT, Jatropha manihot. 
JANITOR, Pylorus. 
JANITRIX. Porta vena. 
JANON- TARENTISME, Tarantismus. 
JANUS, Dicephalus. 
JACQUIER, Artocarpus. 
JARRET, Poples. 
JARRETIER, Poplitieus muscle, Hamstring. 
JARRETIERE (F.), Peris'celis, a garter, 
from garetum or ynrrrefum, in low Latin, the 
ham. A kind of furfuraceous herpes, which oc- 
cupies the part of the leg where the garter is 
worn. 
JASMIN, .Tasminum officinale. 
JASMINUM ARABICUM, Coffea Arabum. 
Jasmi'num Officina'le, Jasminum, Jesemi'num, 
the Jes'samine, (F.) Jasmin. The flowers of this 
beautiful plant have a very fragrant smell, and a 
bitter taste. They afford, by distillation, an es- 
sential oil; which is much esteemed in Italy, for 
rubbing paralytic limbs, and in the cure of rheu- 
matic pains. 
JASPER, Jaspis. 
JASPIS, Jasper. A precious stone, supposed 
by the ancients to be capable of arresting hemor- 
rhage when worn as an amulet. 
JATAMANSI, Sumbul. 
JAT'ROPHA CURCAS, Ric"inus major, Rici- 
no'i'des, Pi'neus purgans, Pinho'nes In'dici, Faba 
cathar'tica, Avella'na cathar'tiea, Nux cathar'tica 
Ameriea'na, Nux Barbaden'sis, Physic Nut, (F.) 
Pignon d'Inde, Medicinier cathartigue, Grand 
haricot de Perou, Pignon de Barbarie, Noix ca- 
thartigue, N. Amiricaine ou des Barbades. Nat. 
Order, Euphorbiacem. The seeds of this plant 
afford a quantity of oil, given, in many places, 
like the castor oil; to which, indeed, it is nearly 
allied. They contain a peculiar acid, the Jatro- 
phic or Igasuric. 
The seeds of Jatropha Multif'ida are called 
Purging Nuts, and give out a similar oil. 
Jatropha E-lastica, see Caoutchouc. 
Jatropha ManThot, Jan'ipha Man'ihot. The 
plant affording the Oassa'da or Ca»sa'va Root, 
Caca'vi,'Cassa've, Cazabi, Pain de Madagascar, 
Ric"inu» Minor, Man' ioc, Magnoc, Maniot, Yucca, 
490 
JOANNESIA 
Maniibar, Aipi, Aipima coxera, Aipipoca, Jani- 
pha. The juice of the root is extremely acrid 
and poisonous. What remains, after expressing 
it, is made into cakes or meal; of which the cas- 
sada or cassava bread is formed. This bread 
constitutes a principal food of the inhabitants of 
those parts where it grows. 
The fecula of the root forms Tapioca, Cipipa, 
Fec'ula Tapio'ka, Am'ylum manihot'icum, which 
is very nutritious. It may be prepared in the 
same manner as sago. 
A factitious Tapioca is met with in the shops, 
which is in very small, smooth, spherical grains, 
and is supposed to be prepared from potato starch. 
It is sold under the name pearl tapioca. 
JAUNDICE, Icterus-j. Black, Melaena-j. 
Lead, Icterus saturninus-j. Red, Phenigmus. 
JAUNE, Yellow-j. d'(Eif, see Ovum. 
JAUNISSE, Icterus. 
JAW BONE, Maxillary Bone. 
JAW-DISEASE, PHOSPHORUS, see Phos- 
phorus. 
JEAN-DE-GLAINES, ST., MINERAL WA- 
TERS OF. These waters are situate two leagues 
from Billom in Auvergne. They contain chlo- 
ride of calcium, and carbonate of magnesia; dis- 
solved in an excess of carbonic acid. 
JECINUS, Liver. 
JECORARIA, Marchantia polymorphia. 
JECORARIUS, Hepateros, Hepatic. 
JECORIS VOMICA, see Hepatitis. 
JECTIGA'TIO. A word used by Van Helmont 
for a species of epilepsy or convulsion. 
JECUR, Liver--j. Uterinum, Placenta. 
JEFFERSO'NIA BARTONI, J. Diphyl'la, 
Common Twinleaf, Yellow Root, Helmet Pod, 
Ground Squirrel Pea. An indigenous plant, be- 
longing to Nat. Ord. Berberide®, Sex. Sy st. Oc- 
tandria Monogynia; which possesses medical pro- 
perties analogous to those of hydrastis. 
JEJUNITAS, Hunger. 
JEJUNI'TIS; a term of hybrid formation, - 
from Jejunum, ' the intestine jejunum,' and itis, 
a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
of the jejunum. 
JEJUNIUM, Hunger, Fasting. 
JEJU'NUM, from jejunus, empty;' Nestis, vqtr- 
ris, Nesti'a. The part of the small intestine 
comprised between the duodenum and ileum. It 
has been so called, because it is almost always 
found empty in the dead body. 
JELLY, Geliy-j. of the Cord, Gelatin of 
Wharton-j. Rice, see Oryza-j. Water, Bra- 
senia hydropeltis. 
JENKINSONIA ANTIDYSENTERICA, Pe- 
largonium antidysentericum. 
JERGON, see Arrow-poison. 
JERKING RESPIRATION, Respira- 
tion. jerking. 
JERKS, see Mania, dancing. 
JERSEY, CLIMATE OF. Jersey is the 
largest of the islands of the British Channel, and 
is most frequented by invalids. Its climate 
closely resembles that of the south-west coast 
of England, and especially of Penzance, and it is 
adapted to the same class of invalids. 
JERUSALEM OAK OF AMERICA, Cheno- 
podium anthelminticum. 
JESEMINUM, Jasminum officinale. 
JESSAMINE, Jasminum officinale-j. Yellow, 
Gelseminum nitidum. 
JEUNESSE, Adolescence. 
JEWEL WEED, Impatiens balsamina. 
JEW'S EAR, Peziza auricula-j. Harp, Tril- 
lium latifolium. 
JIGGER, Chique. 
JIMSTON WEED, Datura stramonium. 
JOANNESIA PRINCEPS, Anda. JOANNETTE 
JOANNETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Several springs are found at Joannette, al out 
five leagues from Angers, in France. The waters 
are both cold and warm, and contain sulphate of 
lime; subcarbonate of soda; chloride of sodium ; 
some iron ; chloride of calcium, and, sometimes, 
a kind of saponaceous matter. They are chiefly 
used as a tonic in chlorosis, leucorrhoea, Ac. 
JOE PYE, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
JOHNE, MINERAL WATERS OF. Johne 
is a village near Doi in Franche-Comt6, France, 
where is a mineral spring, which contains sub- 
carbonate of soda, and subcarbonates of magne- 
sia and iron. It is used chiefly as a bath in 
certain diseases of the skin, and in atonic affec- 
tions. 
JOINT, Articulation-j. Ball and Socket, En- 
arthrosis-j. Dove-tail, Suture-j. Stiff, An- 
kylosis. 
JONAS, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
spring is situate to the south-west of Bourbon- 
1'Archambault, in France. The waters contain 
chloride of calcium and sulphate of lime; chlo- 
ride of sodium, and sulphate of soda; carbonate 
of iron, and carbonic acid gas. They are tonic 
and aperient. 
JOUAN, ST., MINERAL WATERS OF. St. 
Jouan is a village, near Saint-Malo, in France. 
The water is a cold chalybeate. 
JOUBARBE ACRE, Sedum-j. des Toits, 
Sempervivum tectorum -j. des Vignes, Sedum 
telep hium. 
JOUE, Genu. 
JOULOS, Julus. 
JOUR, Dies. 
JOURS CANICULAIRES, Dog days-J. 
Critiques, Critical days -j. Indicateurs, Indi- 
cating days. 
JOVIS FLOS, Crocus-j. Glans, Juglans. 
JUCATO CALLELOE, Phytolacca decandra. 
JUDJE'US, Juda'icus {Lapis,) Phoeniei'tes 
Lapis, Tecol'ithos, (F.) Pierre Judaique. A stone, 
found in Judaea, Palestine, Ac. Called, also, 
Lapis Syriacus. It was formerly esteemed to be 
diuretic and lithontriptic. 
JUDGMENT, Judic"ium, (F.) Jugement. The 
faculty of the intellect, by which ideas are com- 
pared with each other, and their relative worth 
appreciated. 
JUDICATORII DIES, Critical days. 
JUDICIUM, Judgment. 
JUGAL, Zygomatic-j. Process, Zygomatic 
process. 
Jugal Region, Re'gio juga'lis. The region 
of the cheek-bone. 
JUGALE OS, Malm os. 
JUGALIS, Zygomatic. 
Jugalis Sutu'ra, from fvyov, 'a yoke.' The 
suture which unites the Os Males or Os Juga'le 
with the superior maxillary bone. Also, the 
sagittal suture. 
JUGEMENT, Judgment. 
JUGLANS CINER'EA {Jovis glans), Butter 
Nut, Oil Nut, WAife lUaZaut. The inner bark 
of the root of this tree, Juglans (Ph. U. S.), which 
is abundant in the United States, is used in me- 
dicine, in the form of extract, as an efficacious 
and mild laxative, in doses of from 10 to 20 
grains. It is in the secondary list of the Phar- 
macopoeia of the United States. 
JUGLANS Re'gia, Juglans, Nux Juglans, Carya 
basil'ica, xapva, Carya. The WaZnvt, (F.) Noyer, 
the tree; Noix, the nut, Kapvov, Car'yon. The 
unripe fruit, in the state in which it is pickled, 
was formerly esteemed to be anthelmintic. The 
putamen or green rind of the walnut has been 
celebrated as a powerful antisyphilitic, and used 
491 
JUNCUS 
as a sort of diet drink. The kernel is an agreea- 
ble article of dessert; but, like all nuts, is diffi- 
cult of digestion. The expressed oil, Huile de 
Noix, is used in France as an aliment, and, like 
other fixed oils, is laxative. 
Various preparations of the leaves have been 
recommended in scrofulous affections. 
JUG'ULAR, Jugula'ris, from jugulum, 'the 
throat.' Relating to the throat. 
Jugular Fossa, Fossa Jugula'ris, is a cavity 
in the petro-occipital suture. It is formed by the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, and by the 
occipital bone, and lodges the origin of the inter- 
nal jugular vein. It is, sometimes, called thimble- 
like cavity. 
Jugular Veins, Venae Jugxda'res, V. sphagit'- 
ides, V. apoplec'ticce, V. sopora'les. These are 
situate at the lateral and anterior parts of the 
neck. They are two on each side; one external, 
the other internal. 1. The External Jugular 
Vein, Trachelo-sous-cutanfe, (Ch.) is of less size 
than the internal. It descends, almost vertically, 
along the anterior and lateral part of the neck, 
from the cervix of the lower jaw to the subcla- 
vian vein, into which it opens, a little above the 
internal jugular. It is formed by the internal 
maxillary, superficial temporal, and posterior au- 
ricular veins. It is this vein which is commonly 
opened in bleeding in the neck. 2. The Internal 
Jugular Vein, V. Cephaligue (Ch.), Vena apo- 
plec'tica, is much larger, and more deeply seated 
than the preceding. It descends, vertically, along 
the anterior and lateral part of the neck, from the 
posterior part of the foramen lacerum posterius as 
far as the subclavian vein. It commences at the 
sinus of the jugular vein, (F.) Golfe de la veine 
jugulaire, and receives the blood, which returns 
by the sinus of the dura mater, and that of the 
facial, lingual, pharyngeal, superior thyroid, oc- 
cipital, and diploic veins. 
JUGULUM, Clavicle, Throat-j. Uteri, Collum 
uteri. 
JUGUM PENIS, Presse-urethre. 
JUICE, EXPRESSED, see Succus. 
JUJUBE, Jujuba, Ziz'yphum, Baccoe jujuba, 
B. Ziz'yphi. The fruit of Bhamnus Ziz'yphus, 
Ziz'yphus vulga'ris seu jujuba sen sati'va, a na- 
tive of the south of Europe. It was formerly 
ranked amongst the pectoral fruits. It has an 
agreeable sweet taste. The fruits of two other 
species of Zizyphus-Z. jujuba, Bhamnus jujuba, 
Montana arbo'rea, a native of the East Indies, 
and Z. lotus, Bhamnus lotus, Zizyphus nit'ida seu 
sati'va seu sylves'tris, growing in North Africa, 
possess similar properties to Zizyphus vulgaris. 
Jujube Paste, Paste of jujubes. 
JULAPIUM, Julep-j. Camphorse, Mistura 
Camphorse. 
JULEB, Julep. 
JULEP, Jula'pium, Jule'pus, Zula'pium, Ju- 
leb of the Persians. A sweet drink. A demul- 
cent, acidulous or mucilaginous mixture. 
Julep, Camphor, Mistura eamphorse-J. Cam- 
phr(, Mistura camphorse-j. Mint, see Mint 
julep. 
JULUS, Julos, loulos, iovXo<;. The first down 
that appears upon the chin. - Rufus of Ephesus. 
JUNEAU, Gemellus. 
JUMEAUX DE LA JANBE, Gastrocnemii. 
JUMELLE, Gemellus. 
JUMENTOUS LRINE, Urine jumenteuse. 
JUNCTURA, Articulation. 
JUNCUS ODORA'TUS, Andropo'gon sehoe- 
nan'thus seu seu citra'tus seu citriodo'- 
rus, Cymbopo'gon scheenan'thus, Foenum came-. 
lo'rum, Juncus aromat'icus, Camel's hay, Sweet 
rush, Schoenan'thus, Schvenan'thum, Scoenan'thum, 
Cal'amus odora'tus, Sguinan' thus, Gramm orien JUNGLE 
ta'le, (F.) Jone odorant. The dried plant, which 
is generally procured from Turkey and Arabia, 
has an agreeable smell, and a warm, bitterish 
taste. It was formerly used as a stomachic and 
deobstruent. 
JUNGLE FEVER. A variety of remittent 
occurring in the jungle districts of India. 
JUNIPER TREE, Juniperus communis. 
JUNIP'ERUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
with juniper berries. 
JUNIP'ERUS COMMU'NIS, J. Suecica, Ar- 
ceu'thos, Ju'niper tree ; Akat'alls, Akat'era. Fa- 
mily, Conifer®. Sex. Sy st. Dioecia Monadelphia. 
The tops and berries, Junip'erus (Ph. U. S.), are 
ordered in the pharmacopoeias. Their odour is 
strong, but not unpleasant. Taste warm, pun- 
gent. Properties dependent upon essential oil, 
which they yield to both water and alcohol. 
Dose, Qj to 3SS> rubbed with sugar. In Hol- 
land, juniper berries are used for flavouring 
gin. The oil, O'leum junip'eri, possesses the 
virtues of the plant. It is called, by Ruland, 
Targar. (F.) Genevrier (the plant), Genievre 
(the berry). 
Juniperus Lycia. This plant-Thu'rea, Th. 
virga, Arbor thurif'era- has been supposed to 
afford the true frankincense, Cedros Olib'anum, 
Thus Libano'tos, Libano'tum, Lib'anos, Thus 
mas'ctdum, Thus verum, (F.) Encens. By some, 
however, it is supposed to be the produce of an 
Am'yris, and by others of Bosivel'lia serra'ta. 
The odour of olibanum is peculiar and aromatic; 
taste bitterish and slightly pungent; partly solu- 
ble in alcohol, and forming a milky emulsion, 
when triturated with water. It was formerly 
used in dysentery and haemoptysis, but is now 
never employed except as a perfume in a sick 
room. 
Juniperus Oxyce'drus, (F.) Cade, Oxicedre, 
Oxycldre, grows in the south of Europe, Siberia, 
<fcc. By combustion of the wood, a liquid tar, 
O'leum ca'dinum, Junip'eri o'leurn empyreumat'i- 
cum, Huile de Cade ou de Genivrier, is obtained, 
which is employed externally in various chronic 
cutaneous and other diseases. 
Juniperus Sabi'na, Sabi'na, Savi'na, Sabi'na 
ster'ilis, Bruta, Cedrus baccif'era, Common or 
barren savin; Brathu, Brathys, Ba'rathron, Bo'- 
rathron, (F.) Sabine, Savinier. The odour of 
savin leaves is strong and disagreeable. Taste 
hot, acrid, and bitter, depending on an essential 
oil. Their operation is stimulant, emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic, and abortive; externally, escharo- 
tic. Dose, internally, gr. v to x of the powder. 
As an escharotic, they are applied in powder or 
formed into a cerate. The essential oil, O'leum 
Sabi'na (Ph. U. S.), has the virtues of the savine. 
Dose, two to five drops. 
492 
KAIIINCyE 
Juniperus Suecica, J. communis. 
Juniperus Virginia'na, lied cedar. This tree 
is known throughout the United States by the 
name of savine, and is often used for the same 
purposes. 
JUNK, Pad. 
JUNO LUCINA, Ilithyia. 
JUPITER, Tin. 
JURIBALI, Euribali. A tree in the forests 
of Pomeroon. Fam. Meliaceae. Class, Octan- 
dria. Nat. Order, Monogynia. The bark is 
febrifuge, and may be given in powder or infu- 
sion, ad aq. bullient. Oij.) 
JURISPRUDENCE, MED'ICAL, from jus, 
juris, 'law,' and prudentia, 'knowledge.' Juris- 
pruden'tia Med'ica. This word is often used sy- 
nonymously with Legal Medicine. It is now, as 
frequently, perhaps, employed for the embodied 
laws and regulations that relate to the teaching 
and practice of medicine. 
JURY OF MATRONS. A jury formed of wo- 
men empanelled under a writ de ventre inspici- 
endo, to try the question, whether a woman be 
with child or not. 
JUS, Zomos, Zomid'ium, Sorbit"io, Sor'bitum. 
Soup, broth, Jus'culum or bouillon. 
Jus Bovinum, Beef-tea-j. Coagulatum, Geliy. 
JUS If HEHUES, (F.) The juice of certain 
vegetables administered as depuratives; as that 
of fumitory, burdock, water trefoil, <tc. 
Jus Jelatum, Geliy-j. de Rfglisse, see Gly- 
cyrrhiza-j. de Viande, see Bouillon. 
JUSCULUM, see Jus. 
JUSQUIAMUS, Hyoscyamus. 
JUSQUIAUME, Hyoscyamus. 
JUSTICIA BIVALVIS, Adulasso-j. Adha- 
toda, Adhatoda. 
Justic"ia Ecbol'ium, Carim curini. A Mala- 
bar plant, the root of which, and the leaves, in 
decoction, are considered in the country to be 
lithontriptic. 
Justicia Pectora'lis. A West India plant, 
which is slightly astringent. (F.) Carmantine, 
C. Pectorale, Herbe aux Charpentiers. 
JUVANS, Auxil'ium, Remed'ium. A medicine 
or substance of any kind, which relieves a disor- 
der. An adjuvant. 
JUVENIS, Adolescens. 
JUVENTA, Adolescence, Hebe. 
JUVENTAS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
JUVENTUS, Adolescence, Hebe. 
JUXTAP OSIT"ION, from yua"fa, 
'near to,' and ponere, positum, 'to place.' The 
mode of increase proper to minerals ; which con- 
sists in the successive application of new mole- 
cules upon those that form the primitive nucleus. 
It is opposed to intussusception. 
K. 
jV. B.-Moat of the terms under K, derived from the Greek, are found under the letter 0. 
K. This letter was formerly used to designate 
a compound of gold. 
KAATH, Catechu. 
KAAWY. Ancient name of an Indian drink, 
prepared from maize. 
KABALA, Cabal. 
KAEMPFERIA GALANGA, see Maranta ga- 
langa. 
Kacmpfe'ria Rotun'da. Called after Ksemp- 
fer, the naturalist; Zedoa'ria, Z. rotun'da, Amo'- 
mum zedoa'-ria, Col'chicum Zeylan'icum, Cur'cu- 
ma aromat'ica, Zed'oary, (F.) Zedoaire rond. 
The roots of this Ceylonese plant have a fragrant 
smell, and warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. They 
are in wrinkled, gray, ash-coloured, heavy, firm, 
short pieces; of a brownish-red colour within; 
and are stimulant and carminative. Dose, 3j to 
5j of the powder. 
According to some, the round zedoary is fur- 
nished by Curcuma zerumbet; the long, Zedoa'ria 
longa, by Cur'cuma zedoa'ria. 
KAHINC2E RADIX, Caincae radix. KAIB 
KAIB, Kayl. A word employed by the alche- 
mists for sour and coagulated milk. 
KAJEPUT, Cajeput. 
KAKOCIIYMIA, Cacochymia. 
KALI, Potash, Potassa - k. Acetas, Potass® 
acetas - k. Aeratum, Potass® carbonas - k. Bi- 
chromicum, Potass® bichromas - k. Causticum, 
Potassa fusa - k. Causticum cum calce, Potassa 
cum calce-k. Chloricum, Potass® murias hyper- 
oxygenatus-k. Chromicum acidum, Potass® bi- 
chromas-k. Chromicum flavum, Potass® bichro- 
mas-k. Chromicum rubrum, Potass® bichromas 
- k. Chromicum neutrale, Potass® chromas - 
k. Hydriodinicum, see Potass® hydriodas - k. 
Inermis, see Salsola kali - k. Nitricum, Po- 
tass® nitras-k. Oxalicum acidulum, Potassa, ox- 
alate of-k. Prmparatum, Potass® subcarbonas 
k. Pr®paratum e tartaro, see Potash-k. Purum, 
Potassa fusa - k. Soda, see Salsola kali-k. Spi- 
nosum cochleatum, Salsola kali-k. Subcarbonas, 
Potass® subcarbonas-k. Sulphas, Potass® sul- 
phas-k. Sulphuricum, Potass® sulphas-k. Sul- 
phuretum, Potass® sulphuretum - k. Tartariza- 
tum, Potass® tartras-k. e Tartaro, see Potash- 
k. Vitriolatum, Potass® sulphas. 
KALICUM HYDRAS, Potassa fusa. 
KALIUM IODATUM, see Potass® hydriodas 
- k. lodatum Hydrargyratum, Potassii hydrar- 
gyro-iodidum. 
KALMIA ANGUSTIFO'LIA. Called after 
Kalm, the botanist. Ivy, Narrow-leaved Kalmia 
or Laurel, Dwarf Laurel, Sheep Laurel. This 
plant has the same virtues as K. latifolia. So 
also has 
Kalmia Glauca, Swamp Laurel. 
Kalmia, Broad-Leaved, K. latifolia. 
KALMIA Latifo'lia, Broad-leaved Kalmia, 
Cal'ico bush, Laurel, Mountain Laurel, Rose Lau- 
rel, Big Ivy, Spoonwood, Lambkill, Sheep-poison, 
Broad-leaved Laurel. This plant kills sheep and 
other animals. The Indians use it as a poison. 
The powdered leaves have been applied success- 
fully in tinea capitis; and a decoction of it has 
been used for the itch. The powder, mixed with 
lard, has been applied in herpes. 
Kalmia, Narrow-leaved, K. angustifolia. 
KALO, Arum esculentum. 
KAMPHUR, Camphor. 
KAPHUR, Camphor. 
KARABE, Asphaltum. 
KARABITUS, Phrenitis. 
KARCINO SEN, Carcinoses. 
KARENA, Carena. 
KASSADER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
KASSAUDER, Convolvulus Panduratus. 
KATASARCA, Anasarca. 
KATASTALTICA, Astringents. 
KAVA, Ava. 
KAVIAC, Caviare. 
KAYL, Kaib. 
KEITA, Monsonia ovata. 
KELOID, Cancroid. 
KELOTOMIA, Celotomia. 
KELP, Varec. The impure mineral alkali 
obtained by burning certain marine plants. See 
Soda. 
KENNELWORT, Scrophularia nodosa. 
KENTUCKY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The Olympian Springs in this state are near the 
sources of Licking River. There are three diffe- 
rent kinds, in the space of half a mile. One of 
them is saline, impregnated with sulphur ;-ano- 
ther is chalybeate, and a third a sulphureous 
spring. In various parts of Kentucky, there are 
saline waters, which are frequented by inva- 
lids. The Salines at Bigbone, formerly em- 
ployed in the manufacture of salt, are now re- 
sorted to. A spring, near Harrodsburg, in Mercer 
493 
KIDNEY 
County, is strongly impregnated with sulphate of 
magnesia. 
KERATITIS, Ceratitis. 
KERATO-GLOSSUS, Cerato-glossus. 
KERATO-IRITIS, Aquo-membranitis. 
KERATONYXIS, Ceratonyxis. 
K E R A T 0 - PHARYN GE US, Cerato-pharyn- 
geus. 
KERATO-STAPIIYLINUS, Cerato-staphyli- 
nus. 
KERATOTOMUS, Ceratotomus, Knife, cata- 
ract. 
KERMES, Chermes, Alkermes. One of the 
species of the genus kermes lives on a green oak, 
and is called Coccus il'icis, Kermes animal, Cae- 
cum, Cocci granum, Caecum baph'icum seu infec- 
to'rium, tincto'rum, scarlati'num, <tc. The oak, 
to which allusion has been made, is known by 
botanists under the name Quercus coccif'era, and 
grows abundantly in the uncultivated lands of 
southern France, Spain, and in the islands of the 
Grecian Archipelago. The kermes inhabiting it 
has the appearance of a small, spherical, inani- 
mate shell. Its colour is reddish-brown, and it 
is covered with a slightly ash-coloured dust. 
This is the kermes of the shops. It is now only 
used in dyeing; but was formerly reputed to 
possess aphrodisiac, analeptic, anti-abortive, and 
other virtues. 
Kermes Mineral, see Antimonii sulphuretum 
praecipitatum. 
KERNEL, Tubercle. 
KERNELS, WAXING, see Waxing kernels. 
KERUA, Ricinus communis. 
KETCHUP, Catchup. A pickle prepared from 
the liquor of the mushroom, walnut, tomato, Ac. 
KETMIA jEGYPTIACA, Hibiscus abelmos- 
chus. 
KEY, Sax. csej, Glavis, Cleis, Claris An'glica, 
(F.) Clef de Garangeot. An instrument, used for 
extracting teeth. It consists of a firm handle, 
with a claw at right angles to it, and moving 
upon a pivot. This claw embraces the tooth. It 
has undergone several modifications, and hence 
various instruments are used under this denomi- 
nation. The French have the Clef d pompe, Clef 
d pivot, and Clef d noir. 
KEYRI CHEIRI, Cheiranthus cheiri. 
KHALA MIMUC, Bit noben. 
KIAS'TER, Chiaster, from 'to cross.' 
A species of bandage, having the form of the 
Greek letter which the ancients used for ap- 
proximating, and maintaining in contact, the 
fragments of the patella, in cases of fracture of 
that bone. It was applied in the form of the 
figure 8. 
KIBISTITOME, Cystitome. 
KIDNEY. Its etymology is uncertain. Sere- 
nius derives it fancifully from Su. Goth, qued, the 
belly; and nigh, (quasi, quidney.) Ren, Nephros, 
Protme'sis, (F.) Rein. The kidneys or reins are 
the secretory organs of the urine. They are two 
glands, situate deeply,-the one on the right, and 
the other on the left side,-in the hypochondres: 
at the sides of the lumbar vertebrae ; behind the 
peritoneum; and in the midst of an abundant, 
fatty areolar tissue, Tu'nica adipo'sa. The kid- 
ney is of a reddish-brown colour; oval form; 
and flattened on two surfaces. It has, at its in- 
ternal margin, a deep fissure, by which the renal 
vessels and nerves enter or quit the organ, and 
the ureter issues. It resembles, pretty accurate 
ly, the haricot or kidney-bean. Two substances 
are readily distinguishable in it;-the outer, se- 
cerning, cortical, glandular or vascular, Substan'- 
tia cortica'lis, S. glandulo'sa, which secretes the 
urine; and the inner, tubular, medullary, urini- 
ferous, conoidal or radiated, Sub'tan'tia medul KIESTEINE 
la'ris, S. Tubulo'sa, S. Fibro'sa, which appears 
under the form of small cones or unequal papilla, 
each resulting from the union of small capillary 
tubes, adherent by one of their extremities to the 
cortical substance ; and opening, by the other, at 
the summit of the cone, into calices, a species of 
membranous tubes, more or less numerous, which 
transmit the urine of the papillae to the pelvis. 
By the pelvis is meant a small, membranous 
sac, of an irregularly oval shape, at the base of 
which are the orifices of the calices, and the other 
extremity of which is continuous with the ureter. 
The kidney is surrounded by a fibrous membrane 
proper to it, Perineph'rus. It has been shown by 
Mr. Bowman and others that the renal artery is 
distributed to the corpora Malpighiana, where 
the watery portion of the urine is separated. 
The blood then becomes venous, and is distribu- 
ted by different veins-portal veins of the kidney 
- to the convoluted tubes through which the 
proper urine is secreted. Hence the blood passes 
into the renai vein. The intermediate vessels 
between the Malpighian bodies and the convo- 
luted tubes, have been termed the Portal System 
of the Kidney. 
Kidney, Bright's Disease of the, Morbus 
Bright' ii, M. albuminen'sis, Nephri'tis albuniino'- 
sa, Neph'ria, Uroze'mia albumino'sa, Cachectic 
nephri'tis, Nephri'tis socia'ta, Asso'ciated nephri- 
tis, Inflammation of the Malpig' hian cor'puscles, 
Disease of Bright, Gran'idar Degenera'tion or 
Disorganization of the Kidney, Granular Kid- 
ney of Bright, (F.) Maladie de Bright, Nephrite 
albumineuse, Etat Granuleux ou Degenerescence 
granulee du Rein, Albuminurorrhie. A granular 
disease of the cortical part of the kidney, which 
gives occasion to the secretion of urine that con- 
tains albumen, and is of less specific gravity than 
natural, and which destroys by inducing other 
diseases. It was first described by Dr. Bright 
of London. 
Kidney, Granular, of Bright, Kidney, 
Bright's disease of the. 
KI'ESTEINE, Ki'estein, properly Ky'esteine, 
Ky'estein, Kystein, Cy'esteine or Cy'estein, from 
Kvtnv, ' to be pregnant,' and co-tb/j, ' a garment or 
pellicle.' A peculiar pellicle, which forms on 
the urine of a pregnant female when allowed 
to stand for a few days. It is whitish, opa- 
lescent, slightly granular, and may be com- 
pared to the fatty substance that swims on the 
surface of soups, after they have been allowed to 
cool. When taken in conjunction with other 
phenomena, it is a valuable aid in the diagnosis 
of early pregnancy. 
KIESTIN'IC, Kiesti n'ictts ; same etymon. Re- 
lating or appertaining to kiesteine; as ' kiestinic 
urine.' 
KILBURN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These springs contain carbonic acid, sulphohy- 
dric acid; carbonates of lime, magnesia, and 
iron; sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia, and 
chloride of sodium. 
KILOGRAMME, Chiliogram'ma, from 
' a thousand,' and ypa/jpa, ' a gramme.' The 
weight of a thousand grammes; - two pounds 
eight ounces, one drachm, and twenty-four grains, 
Troy. 
KILOLITRE, from xihioi, 'a thousand,' and 
Xirpa, ' a litre.' A measure containing a thousand 
litres. 
KINA KINA, Cinchona. 
KINANCIE, Cynanche. 
KINCOUGH, Pertussis. 
KINDCOUGH, Pertussis. 
KINESIP'ATJIY,A7ne«j7Aerapi'a, from rivvtrtf, 
'motion,' and t<z0o?, 'disease.' A mode of treating 
disease by gymnastics or appropriate movements. 
494 
KNEE 
KINETIC, Motory. 
KINGCURE, Pvrola maculata. 
KING'S EVIL,' Scrofula. 
KINICI ACETAS, Quiuia, acetate of. 
KININUM, Quinina. 
KINK IN THE HEAD, see Insanity. 
KINKINA, Cinchona. 
KINO, Gummi Gambien'se, Gummi rubrum ad- 
strin'gens Gambien'se, Af rican kino, East India 
kino, Amboy'na kino, Gummi adstrin'gens Fother- 
gil'li. The trees, whence one variety of this resin 
is obtained, are not botanically ascertained. The 
London college ascribe it to Pterocar'pus erina'- 
cea; the Edinburgh to Eucalyp'tus resinif'era, 
Metroside'ros gummif'era ; and the Dublin to Bu- 
tea frondo'sa. The Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States, (1842,) defines it to be "an extract ob- 
tained from an uncertain plant;" that of 1851 
states it to be the inspissated juice of Pterocarp'us 
marsu'pium (De Candolle) and of other plants. 
On wounding the bark, the kino flows drop by 
drop. A West India variety is said to be derived 
from Coccoloba uvifera or Seaside Grape; and 
a Botany Bay kino is said to be the concrete 
juice of Eucalyp'tus resinifera or brown gum-tree 
of New Holland. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Mono- 
gynia. Nat. Ord. Myrtaceae. Kino consists 
chiefly of tannic and gallic acids, oxide of iron, 
and colouring matter. It is inodorous; the taste a 
sweetish bitter; and it is sometimes gritty be- 
tween the teeth. It comes to us in fragments of 
a dark ruby red colour, and is easily pulverized. 
Its properties are powerfully astringent. Dose, 
gr. x to gr. xx in powder. 
KIONORRIIAPHIA, Staphyloraphy. 
KI'OTOME, Kiot'omus, from xunv, 'a pillar,' 
'support,' and TQivriv, 'to cut.' (F.) Coupebride. 
An instrument invented by Desault, to cut any 
accidental brides or filaments in the rectum and 
bladder; and which he afterwards used for the 
removal of the tonsils. It is composed of a flat, 
silver sheath, open at one edge. This sheath is 
provided with a cutting blade, which can be forced 
through the opening, and thus all the parts can be 
divided with which it comes in contact. 
KIPPERNUT, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
KIRATE. A weight of four grains, according 
to Blancard. 
KIRKLAND'S NEUTRAL CERATE, see 
Cerate, Kirkland's Neutral. 
KIRRHONOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
KIRRHOSIS, Cirrhosis. 
KIRSCH WASSE R, (G.) 'Cherry water.' 
An alcoholic liquor, obtained from cherries 
bruised with their stones, by subjecting them to 
distillation, after having caused them to ferment. 
See Spirit. 
KISSINGEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These Bavarian springs have been long frequent- 
ed. There are three, - two chalybeate, and one 
alkaline and acidulous. 
KIST. A weight of 14 grains.-Paracelsus. 
KLAPROTHII SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
KLAPROTHIUM SULPHURICUM,see Cad- 
mii sulphas. 
KLEPTOMA'NIA, Cleptoma'nia, Klopema'- 
nia, Clopemania; from 'I steal,' and 
mania. Insanity, with an irresistible propensity 
to steal. 
KLIPDAS, see Hyrax Capensis. 
KLOPEMANIA, Kleptomania. 
KNARESBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS 
OF, see Harrogate, mineral waters of. 
KNEADING, Shampooing. 
KNEE, Genu. 
Knee, Housemaid's. An inflammation of the 
bursa, which in most individuals is in front of the 
patcila, and is apt to inflame and enlarge from KNEE-JOINT 
effusion in those in whom it is subjected to much 
pressure. Hence its name. It is a form of cap- 
sular rheumatism. 
KNEE-JOINT, Genu. 
KNEE-SCAB, Crusta genu equinae-k. Encir- 
cled hoof, Crusta genu equinae. 
KNIFE. Sax. cnip. Swed. Knif. Dan. 
Kniv. (F.) Canif. Gutter, Smile, Cultell'us, To- 
mei'on, Tome'us, Machas' ra, Maches'rion, Machas'- 
ria, (F.) Couteau. A cutting instrument, used in 
surgery to divide the soft parts, and which only 
differs from the bistouri or scalpel in being usu- 
ally larger. 
The most common knives are the following: 
Knife, Amputa'tion, (F.) Couteau d amputa- 
tion, C. droit, Cutter rectus. This is the largest 
of the knives used in surgery. Formerly, they 
were curved; now they are straight, and pro- 
vided with one or two edges. 
Knife, Cat'aract, Ceratot'omus, Keratot'omua, 
(F.) Couteau d cataracte. The cataract knives 
of Richter, Wenzel, Ward, and others, being in- 
tended to perform the section of the transparent 
cornea, are so shaped as to exactly fill the small 
wound made by them; and thus to prevent the 
discharge of the aqueous hnmour, until the sec- 
tion is completed. The blade of the knives of 
Wenzel and Ward resembles a very narrow lan- 
cet, blunt in the posterior five-sixths of one of its 
edges. The blade of that of Richter is pyrami- 
dal, cutting through the whole length of its in- 
ferior edge, and also blunt in the five-sixths of 
the upper. 
Knife, Cres'elden's. A knife with a fixed 
handle; very convex on its edge, concave on the 
back, which was used by Cheselden in lithotomy. 
Knife, Crooked, Cutter falca'tua, Cutter cur- 
vus, (F.) Couteau courbe. A knife, which is 
crooked and concave on its cutting edge. It was 
formerly employed in amputation of the limbs. 
Knife, Crotchet, Cultel'lus uncus, (F.) Cou- 
teau d crochet. A steel instrument, composed of 
a round staff, furnished with a handle at one ex- 
tremity, and at the other with a curved knife. 
It was formerly used to cut to pieces monstrous 
foetuses in utero, and to open the head when ne- 
cessary. 
Knife, Double-Edged, Anceps cultel'lus, Am- 
phia'mela, Amphis'milt, Catling, (F.) Couteau d 
deux tranchans, Couteau desarticulateur, C. inter- 
osseux. A knife, the blade of which is straight 
and sharp on both sides. It is used for disarti- 
culating bones; and for cutting the soft parts 
situate between the bones, in amputation of the 
leg and forearm. 
KNIFE EN SERPETTE, (F.) Couteau en 
eerpette. A sort of knife, of the shape of a aer- 
pette or pruning-knife, invented by Desault for 
dividing the bony paries of the maxillary sinus, 
for the purpose of extracting fungi from it. 
Knife, Lentic'ular, Cutter lenticula'ria, (F.) 
Couteau lenticulaire. An instrument, used in the 
operation of trepanning, for removing inequalities 
in the inner table of the skull, which may have 
been left by the crown of the trephine around 
the opening made by it. It is formed of a len- 
ticular button, fixed at the extremity of an iron 
staff, which is convex on one side, flat on the 
other; sharp at both edges, and mounted on an 
ebony handle. 
Knife, Lithot'omy, (F.) Couteau lithotome. A 
name, given by Foubert to a large knife, the 
narrow blade of which, four and a half inches 
in length, was sharp in its whole extent, and 
made an obtuse angle with the handle. He used 
it in the lateral operation. 
Knife, Root-cutting. In Pharmacy, a knife 
moving on a joint at its pointed extremity, by 
495 
KU TUBUTH 
which roots and other ligneous matters are di- 
vided in pharmaceutical processes. 
KNOCK-KNEED, Entogonyancon. 
KNOT, Tubercle. 
Knot, Packer's, (F.) Noeud d'emballeur. A 
compressive bandage, used for arresting hemor- 
rhage from the temporal artery or its branches. 
The noeud d'emballeur is made with a double- 
headed roller, five ells long. A graduated com- 
press is placed over the opening in the artery, 
and the bandage is applied over it; the balls of 
the roller being carried horizontally round to the 
opposite temple, where they are crossed obliquely 
and carried back to the part where the compress 
is situate. The hands are then changed with the 
rollers, crossing them so as to form a knot, and 
taking one above the head; the other beneath 
the chin. They are then crossed again, so as to 
form several knots, one above the other. This 
bandage is called, by some surgeons, Solar or 
oblique chevestre or capistrum. 
Knot, Surgeon's, Nodus chirur'gicus, (F.) 
Noeud du chirurgien. A double knot made by 
passing the thread twice through the same noose. 
This knot is used frequently in the ligature of 
arteries, the umbilical cord, <tc. 
KNOTBERRIES, Rubus chamfemorus. 
KNOTGRASS, Polygonum aviculare. 
KNOTROOT, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
KNOTWEED, Collinsonia Canadensis, Poly- 
gonum aviculare. 
KNOWLTON'IA VESICATO'RIA. Nat. 
Order, Ranunculaceae. An acrid plant of South 
Africa, used by the Capo colonists as a blister in 
rheumatism. 
KOINO-MIASMATA, see Miasm. 
KOLERUS, a name given by Paracelsus to a 
dry ulcer. 
KOLPORRHAPHY, Elytrorrhaphy. 
KOLTO, Pliea. 
KOOCIILA TREE, Strychnos nux vomica. 
KOPYOPIA, see Copyopia. 
KORIS, Cimex. 
KOSSO, Hagenia Abyssinica. 
KOUMIS, Kumyss. 
KRAME'RIA, Ratan'hia, Rhatan'ia, Rat'- 
anhy, (F.) Ratanhie. Krameria, Krameria tri- 
andra, - Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia, Nat. 
Ord. Poly galeae,-is a native of Java. The root 
has a bitter taste; and is astringent, diuretic, and 
detergent. Dose, Qj to gj. 
Krame'ria Ixi'na or Ratanhy of the Antilles 
has similar virtues. 
KREASOTON, Creasote. 
KREATIC NAUSEA, see Nausea. 
KREATINE, Creatine. 
KREATININE, see Creatine. 
KREOSOTON, Creasote. 
KRETINISMUS, Cretinism. 
KRIEBELKRANKIIEIT, Convulsio cer- 
ealis. 
KUA KARA, Curcuma longa. 
KUMYSS, Koumyss, Koumis. A beverage 
used in families by the people of Yakutz. It 
resembles sour buttermilk, without being greasy. 
According to Sir George Simpson, it is prepared 
in a very simple way from mare's milk, whiclTis 
merely allowed to stand for some days in a lea- 
thern churn till it becomes sour. It is then bot- 
tled for use. This drink is rather nutritious than 
exhilarating; but from the same material the 
Burats and the Kirghez prepare an intoxicating 
spirit in which they indulge to excess. 
KUSSAUDER, Convolvulus panduratus. 
KUTKULEJA, Caesalpinia bonducella. 
KUTOOKURUNJA, Caesalpinia bonducella. 
KUTUBUTH. An Arabic name for a species 
of melancholy in which the patient is never quiet KY ANOSIS 
at any one place, but wanders about here and 
there. Also, the name of an insect, which lives 
at the surface of stagnant waters, and is in a 
constant state of agitation. Some lexicographers 
imagine that it is on account of this last circum- 
stance, that the name of the insect has been given 
to the disease. 
KYANOSIS, Cyanopathy. 
KYAPUTTY, Caicput. 
KYESTEINE, Kiesteine. 
KYESTINIC, Kiestinic. 
KYLLO'SIS, from kuXXoj, 'crooked,' 'lame.' 
Cyllo'sis. Professor Chaussier so calls congenital 
distortion of the feet, Clubfoot, Tal'ipes, (F.) Pied 
bot. Of this there are many varieties. In one, 
the foot, instead of resting on the soil, by the 
whole plantar surface, touches it only with the 
metatarso-phalangian articulations. It seems as 
if turned backwards and broken upon the leg, 
(Pes seu Tal'ipes Equi'nus, Hip'popus, Oxypo'- 
dia.) In other cases the foot is twisted in- 
wards, ( Varus, Tal'ipes varus, Blcesop'odes, Bla'- 
topus, Cylloepus, Cyllop'oda, Cyllopod'ion, Lo'- 
ripes, (F.J Cagneux,) so that it rests only on the 
ground on its outer edge; or it may be twisted 
outwards, ( Valgus, Tal'ipes Valgus,) or rest only 
on its inner edge. In the flatfoot or splayfoot, 
Duck-foot, Sar'apus, Plat'ypus, Platypod'ia, (F.) 
Pied plat, the plantar surface of the foot is flat- 
tened instead of being concave. 
These deformities are rarely accidental. They 
are almost always congenital, and may be rec- 
tified, at an early period, by proper mechanical 
means to strengthen the foot gradually and re- 
store it to its proper shape and direction; and if 
these means fail, the tendons and muscles con- 
< •»rned in the deformity may be divided. 
KYMOGrRAPH'ION; from Kvya, 'wave,'and 
ypa<l><>>, 'I describe.' 'A wave describer or mea- 
surer.' An instrument invented by Ludwig, 
which is self-registering, and exhibits the rela- 
496 
LABORIOUS 
tion between the waves of the pulse and the un- 
dulations produced by respiration. (MUller'a 
Archiv., 1847, s. 242.) 
KYNA, Pastinaca opoponax. 
KYPHOSIS, see Cyphosis-k. Inflammatoria, 
Vertebral disease - k. Paralytica, Vertebral dis- 
ease. 
K Y S T, Cyst, Kyntie, Cyxtis, from kvctis, ' a 
bladder,' 'pouch.' (F.) Kytte. This term is ge- 
nerally applied to a pouch or sac,- Cysto'nia,-- 
without opening, and commonly of a membranous 
nature, which is accidentally developed in one of 
the natural cavities, or in the substance of organs. 
Many theories have been successively emitted to 
explain the formation of cysts, but none are en- 
tirely satisfactory. Some are formed by a thin, 
translucent membrane, having scarcely the thick- 
ness of the arachnoid; others of a whitish, fibro- 
cellular membrane, more or less thick. Some 
contain cartilaginous or bony flakes. The greater 
part have but one cavity; others, on the contrary, 
have several, separated by complete or imperfect 
septa, as is frequently seen in those developed in 
the ovaries. The matter contained in cysts is 
sometimes limpid, serous, yellowish white, red- 
dish, and, at others, more or less thick, albumi- 
nous, adipous, or caseous. The tumour, formed 
by them, is called Encysted. 
KYSTE, Kyst - k. Anivrysmal, Aneurismal 
sac. 
KYSTEIN, Kiesteine. 
KYSTHI'TIS, Cyathi'tis, from xvaSo;, 'the va- 
gina.' Inflammation of the vulva and of the 
mucous membrane of the vagina. 
KYSTHOPTO'SIS, from xva-S-og, the 'vagina,' 
and n-urrw, ' I fall.' Prolapsus or inversion of the 
vagina. 
KYTTARRHAG"IA, from Kvrrapiov, 'an alve- 
olus,' and pTjyvvpi, 'I break forth.' Discharge of 
blood from an alveolus. 
L. 
LABARIUM, from labi, 'to fall.' Looseness 
of the teeth. 
LABDACISMUS, Lallation. 
LABDAMEN, Cistus creticus. 
LABDANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
LABE, 'I seize,' 'I take,' 'the act of 
grasping.' Invasion. Also, employed to denote 
the first paroxysm of fevers.-Galen, Hippocrates. 
LABEO, Chilon. 
LABES, Chilon, Macula. 
LABIA CUNNI, Lips of the vulva-1. Interna 
Beu Minora, Nymphae - 1. Majora, Lips of the 
vulva - 1. Pudendi, Lips of the vulva - 1. Pu- 
dendi minora, Nymphse. 
LABIAL, Labia'lis, from labium, 'a lip.' 
LABIAL, Orbicularis oris. 
Labial Artery. Haller and Sabatier call thus 
the facial artery of the majority of anatomists. 
The labial arteries, properly so called, coronary 
arteries of the lips, (F.) Coronaires des livres, are 
two in number. The superior arises from the 
facial, above, and very close to, the commissure 
of the lips. It is large and tortuous, and is dis- 
tributed to the upper lip. The lower arises from 
the facial, at a considerable distance from the 
commissure, and proceeds, in a serpentine course, 
into the substance of the lower lip, to which it is 
listributed. 
Labial Glands. This name is given to a mul- 
titude of muciparous follicles, of some size, round, 
prominent, and separate from each other, which 
are found on the inner surface of the lips, below 
the mucous membrane. 
Labial Veins are distinguished, like the arte- 
ries, into superior and inferior. They open into 
the facial vein;-a division of the internal jugular. 
LABIALIS, Orbicularis oris. 
LABIDOMETER, Labimeter. 
LABIM'ETER, (F.) Labimitre ou Labidomi- 
tre, from Xa/3if, ' forceps,' and pcrpav, 
'measure.' A scale adapted to the handles of 
the forceps, which indicates the distance of the 
blades from each other, when applied to the head 
of the child in utero. 
LABIS, Forceps. 
LABIUM, Lip - 1. Leporinum, Harelip - 1. 
Uteri, Amphideum. 
LABLAB, Dolichos lablab. 
LABORANS, Sick. 
LABORATOIRE, Laboratory. 
LABORATORIUM, Laboratory - 1. Chymi- 
cum seu pharmaceuticum, Pharmacopoeia. 
LAB'ORATORY, Laborato'rium, Eryaste'rion, 
(F.) Laboratoire, from laborare, 'to work.' A 
work-shop. A place for preparing chemical or 
pharmaceutical products, Ac. 
LABORIOSUS, Sick. 
LABO'RIOUS. delivery is said to be labo- LABOUR 
rious, Partus laborio'sus, Jfogostoc'ia, (F.) Ac- 
couchement laborieur, when attended with more 
difficulty and suffering than usual. With some, 
laborious labour means one that requires the use 
of instruments. See Dystocia. 
LABOUR, Parturition. 
Labour Chair, Obstet'ric chair. A chair, in 
which a parturient woman is placed during de- 
livery. 
Labour, Difficult, Dystocia-1. Dry, Partus 
siccus - 1. Morbid, Dystocia-1. Pains, see Pains 
- 1. Powerless, see Parturition - 1. Premature, 
Parturition, (premature)-1. Preternatural, Meta- 
tocia, see Parturition - 1. Show, see Parturition. 
LABRISULCIUM, Cheilocace, Stomacace. 
LABRUM, Lip - 1. Cerebri, Infundibulum of 
the brain. 
LABRUSCA, Bryonia alba. 
LAB'YRINTH, Labyrinth'us, Antrum bucci- 
no'sum. A place, full of turnings, the exit of 
which is not easily discoverable. Anatomists 
have given this name to the aggregate of parts, 
constituting the internal ear, Labyrinth'us auris 
in'timce, In'tima pars or'gani audi'tbs, Laby- 
rinth'ic cavity of the ear. The Labyrinth is 
situate between the tympanum and meatus audi- 
torius internus. It is composed of several ca- 
vities, which communicate with each other in the 
dried bone; as the vestibule, cochlea, semicircular 
canals, Ac. It is lined by periosteum, and also 
by a pulpy membrane, constituting the membra- 
nous labyrinth, on which the auditory nerve is 
regularly dispersed. This membrane forms two 
sacs in the vestibule, called sac'culus vestib'uli 
and sac'culus, respectively, which resemble in 
shape that of the bony cavities containing them. 
Each sac contains calcareous matter, constituting 
the Otolithes and Otoconies. When the sac is 
laid open, upon the upper and outer part, a par- 
tition appears, partaking of the nature of the sac, 
and called by Meckel, Septum vestib'uli nervo'so- 
membrana'ceum. 
Labyrinth, Membranous, see Labyrinth. 
LABYRINTHIC CAVITY OF THE EAR, 
Labyrinth. 
LABYRINTHUS, Labyrinth - 1. Auris Inti- 
mae, see Labyrinth. 
LAC, Milk, Lacca- 1. Ammoniaci, Mistura 
ammoniaci-1. Amygdalae, Emulsio amygdalae - 
1. Asafoetidse, Mistura asafoetidae-1. Avis, Albu- 
men ovi - 1. Guaiaci, Mistura Guaiaci - 1. Gum, 
Lacca-1. Lunae, Marga Candida-1. Maris, Sperm 
- 1. Primum Puerperae, Colostrum - 1. Seed, 
Lacca-1. Shell, Lacca-1. Stick, Lacca-1. Sul- 
phuris, Sulphur praecipitatum - 1. Terrae, Mag- 
nesias carbonas-1. Virginis, Virgin's milk. 
LACCA, from lakah, Arab. Gummi lacca, 
Stick-lac, Gum-lac, Seed-lac, Shell-lac, (F.) 
Laque. Lac is a substance formed by an insect, 
and deposited on different species of trees, chiefly 
in the East Indies,-for example, on Croton lac- 
cif'erum, and two species of Ficus, - Ficus reli- 
gio'sa, and F. In'dica. The various kinds, dis- 
tinguished in commerce, are stick-lac, which is 
the substance in its natural state, investing the 
small twigs of the tree; and seed-lac, which is 
the same broken off. When melted, it is called 
shell-lac. 
Lac was, at one time, used in the form of tinc- 
ture, as a tonic and astringent; and it still forms 
part of particular dentifrices. 
LACERA'TION, Lacera'tio, Rhegt, Rheg'mus, 
Rhegma, Ruptu'ra, Rupture, from lacerare, ' to 
tear:' - Dilacera'tio, Sparag'ma, (F.) Arrache- 
ment, Dtchirement, Dilaceration, Broiement. The 
act of tearing or rending. The breach made by 
fearing or rending; ns a lacerated wound, Tresis 
minus lacera'tum, Laceratu'ra, Vulnus laceratum. 
497 
LACHRYMAL 
LACERATURA, see Laceration. 
LACERTA, Lizard - 1. Aquatica, see Ectozoa, 
LACERTI CORDIS, Column® carneae-1. 
Musculorum, see Muscular fibre. 
LACERTULI CORDIS, Column® carncae. 
LACERTUS, Brachium, see Muscular fibre. 
LAC"ERUM. Same etymon as Laceration. 
Any tiling torn, or appearing as if torn. 
Lac"erum Fora'men Ante'rius, (F.) Trou 
dechirU anttrieur, Hiatus spheno-pttreux, (Ch.) 
is an irregular opening, formed by the sphenoid 
and petrous portion of the temporal bone. This 
foramen transmits the third, fourth, and sixth 
pairs of nerves and the first branch of the fifth 
pair to the eye and its appendages. 
Lacerum Foramen Poste'rius, Foramen ju- 
gula're, F. lacerum in Basi Cra'nii, (F.) Trou 
dtchiri postLrieur, Hiatus occipito-pitreux, (Ch.) 
is formed by the occipital bone, and the inferior 
edge of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
Through it, the internal jugular vein, the eighth, 
pair of nerves, and accessory nerve pass out of 
the cranium. 
.LACHESIS PICTA, see Arrow-poison. 
Lachesis Rhombea'ta, Flammon. A poison- 
ous serpent common in the lower forests of Peru. 
LACHRYMA, Tear; see, also, Vitis vinifera. 
LACH'RYMAL, Lacryma'lis, from lacryma, 
'a tear.' Belonging to the tears. This epithet 
is given to various parts. 
Lachrymal Artery proceeds from the oph- 
thalmic ; and distributes its principal branches to 
the lachrymal gland. 
Lachrymal Canal or Duct, Nasal Canal or 
duct, Cana'lis lacryma'lis, Canalis or'bitcB nasa'- 
lis, Ductus nasa'lis orbitce, Cana'lis sacci lacryma'- 
lis, Ductus ad Nasum, is formed by the superior 
maxillary bone, os unguis, and os turbinatum in- 
ferius; and is seated in the outer paries of the 
nasal fossae. It is lined by a prolongation of the 
mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac; and its 
inferior orifice is furnished with a valvular dupli- 
cature. This duct transmits the tears, which have 
been absorbed at the great angle of the eye by 
the puncta lacrymalia, into the nasal fossae. 
Lach'rymal Caruncle, see Caruncula lacry- 
malis. 
Lachrymal Fossa, Fossa seu Fo'vea lacryma'- 
lis, is a slight depression at the upper part of the 
orbit, which lodges the lachrymal gland. 
Lachrymal Gland, Glan'dula lacryma'lis seu 
innomina'ta Gale'ni, is seated in a depression of 
the frontal bone at the upper, anterior, and outer 
part of that orbit. It is of about the size of an 
almond; and of an oval shape, flattened above 
and below :-its great diameter being the antero- 
posterior. It is composed of several small lobules, 
united by areolar tissue, and separated by it as 
well as by vessels and nerves which creep in the 
intervals. This gland has seven or eight excre- 
tory ducts, which open behind the upper eyelid. 
Its use is to secrete the tears, and pour them on 
the globe of the eye by the excretory ducts. 
Lachrymal Groove, (F.) Gbutttdre lacrymale, 
is the bony channel, which lodges the lachrymal 
sac. It is seated at the anterior and inner part 
of the orbit, and is formed by the os unguis and 
the ascending process of the upper jaw bone. 
Lachrymal Hernia, Lachrymal Tumour, Her'- 
nia Sacci Lacryma'lis, is when the tears enter the 
puncta, but cannot pass to the nose, and accumu- 
late. By Anel, this was called Dropsy of the La- 
chrymal Sac. 
Lachrymal Nerve is the smallest of the three 
branches formed by the ophthalmic nerve. It is 
distributed, particularly, to the lachrymal gland 
and to the upper eyelid. In its course it give* 
off a sphcno-maxillary and a malar filament. LACHRYMATIO 
Lachrymal Papilla, see Lachrymal Puncta. 
Lachrymal Passages, Via lacryma'les, (F.) 
Voies lacrymalcs. The organs concerned in the 
secretion of tears, in spreading them over the 
eye, and taking them up again to transmit them 
into the nasal fossae. The lachrymal passages 
are composed of the lachrymal gland, caruncle, 
puncta, ducts, lachrymal sac, and nasal duct. 
Lachrymal Puncta, Puncta Lacryma'lia, Spi- 
ram'ina Palpebra'rum, (F.) Points lacrymaux, 
are two small, round, and contractile openings, 
situate in the centre of a tubercle or papilla, Pa- 
pilla lacryma'lis, Tuber'culum lacryma'le, about 
a line and a half distant from the inner commis- 
sure of the eyelids, and continuous with the la- 
chrymal ducts. These ducts, Lacryma'les Cana- 
lic'uli, Cana'les seu Ductus lacryma'les, Ductus 
lacrymales latera'les, D. puncto'rum lacryma'lium, 
Cor'nua lacryma'lia seu lima'cum, Collie"ice punc- 
to' rum lacryma'lium, Canalic'uli lima'cum, Cor- 
nua Lima'cum, (F.) Conduits lacrymaux, are two 
in number - a superior and an inferior which 
extend from the puncta to the lachrymal sac. 
They seem formed by a very delicate prolonga- 
tion of the conjunctiva, which is continuous with 
the mucous membrane of the lachrymal sac, (F.) 
Reservoir des larmes : - the Saccus seu Sinus seu 
Lacus lacryma'lis, Dacryocys'tis, Infundib'ulum 
lacryma'le, Saccus lacryma'lis. 
Lachrymal Tubercle, see Lachrymal puncta. 
Lachrymal Veins accompany the artery of 
the same name, and open into the ophthalmic and 
palpebral veins. 
LACIIRYMA'TIO, Epiphora. Also, a profuse 
secretion of tears from any cause: - weeping, 
Fletus, Plora'tio, Plora'tus. 
LACINLE TUBARUM FALLOPII,see Tube, 
Fallopian. 
LAOIS, Plexus. 
LACMUS TINCTORIUS, Lichen roccella. 
LACONICUM, Vaporarium, see Stove. 
LACQ, Laqueus. 
LACRIMA, Tear. 
LACRUMA, Tear. 
LACRYMA, Tear. 
LACTANS, Nurse. 
LACTA'TION, Lacta'tio, Thela'sis, Thelas'mus, 
from lacteo, (lac, ' milk,) ' I suckle,' ' I give milk.' 
Suckling: - the giving of suck, (F.) Allaitement. 
The French make four varieties of lactation. 
1. Allaitement maternel - Maternal Lactation, 
when the mother suckles the child. 2. A. etranger 
merccnaire, - when another suckles it. 3. A. ar- 
tificiel, when the child is brought up by hand. 
4. A. animal, when the child is suckled by an 
animal. 
LACTEALS, Chyliferous vessels. 
LACTENS, Sucking child. 
LACTES, Mesentery, Pancreas. 
LACTEUS, Lactic. 
LACTIC, Lac'tens, Galac'ticus, Galac'tinus, 
milky, from lac, ' milk.' Appertaining to milk. 
Lactic Acid, Ac"idum Lac'teum, Acid of milk, 
Acidum Lactis, (F.) Acide Lactique. This has 
been recommended as a therapeutical agent in 
atonic dyspepsia, owing to its being presumed to 
be one of the gastric acids secreted in health. It 
is given either in the form of lemonade or of 
lozenges. The acid is obtained either from milk 
or from the juice of the red beet. 
LACTICA, Typhoid. 
LACTICANS, Nurse. 
LACTICINIA, Parotid. 
LACTIFERE, Lactiferous. 
LACTIF'EROUS, Galactoph'orous, Lac'tifer, 
< F.) Lactifere, from lac, ' milk,' and fero, ' I carry.' 
Milk-conveying. 
Lactiferous Vessels, Lactiferous Ducts,Tub'- 
uli lactiferi vel Ductus lactiferi seu lac'tea, (F.) 
498 
LACUNA 
Vaisscaux oil conduits lactiflres, are the excre- 
tory ducts of the mammary gland. 
Lactiferous or Lacteal Swelling. A tu- 
mefaction of the breast, supposed by Sir Astley 
Cooper to arise from a large collection of milk in 
one of the lactiferous tubes, the result of chronic 
inflammation of the tube near the nipple, with 
closure of its aperture, and obliteration of the 
canal for an inch or more. The tube requires to 
be punctured. 
LACTIF'UGA, Lac'tifuge, from lac, 'milk,' 
and fugo, 'I drive away.' Medicines which dis- 
pel milk. 
LACTIGO, Porrigo larvalis. 
LACTINE, Sugar of milk. 
LACTIN'IA, from lac, 'milk.' Food prepared 
with milk. 
LACTIPOTOR, Galactopotes. 
LACTIS CONCRETIONES, Infarctus Mam- 
mas lacteus. 
LACTIS REDUNDANTIA, Galactia -1. Re- 
tentio, Galactischesis-1. Sanguinolenti Excretio, 
Galactohasmia. 
LACTISUGIUM, Antlia lactea. 
LACTIVORUS, Galactophagous. 
LACTOMETER, Galactometer. 
LACTU'CA, from lac, 'milk;' so called, from 
its milky juice. Lactuca Sati'va, Lettuce, Garden 
Lettuce, Eunu'ch.ium Meco'nis, Thridax, Cherbas, 
(F.) Laitue ordinaire, is used as a whdlesome 
salad. The seeds possess a quantity of oil, which, 
when formed into an emulsion, has been advised 
in ardor urinre, Ac. 
The inspissated juice,Lactuca'rium, Thrid'ace, 
resembles, in odour and appearance, that of opium, 
and is, like it, narcotic, but uncertain. Dose, gr. 
j to x and more. 
Lactuca Elong ata, see L. virosa - 1. Graveo- 
lens, L. virosa - 1. Floridana, Mulgedium Flori- 
danum. 
Lactuca Scari'ola, L. Sylves'tris, Scariola, 
(F.) Laitue Scariole, L. Salvage, possesses a 
stronger degree of bitterness than L. sativa. It 
has similar virtues with Z. virosa. 
Lactuca Sylvestris, L. scariola-1. Villosa, 
Mulgedium acuminatum. 
Lactuca Viro'sa, L. graveolens, Strong-scented 
Lettuce, (F.) Laitue vireuse. The odour of this 
plant, the leaves of which are used in medicine, 
is strongly narcotic, and the taste bitter. They 
are narcotic, diuretic, and aperient; and have 
been used in dropsies. Lactu'ca elonga'ta, Wild 
Lettuce of the United States, has been employed 
for L. virosa. 
LACTUCIMEN, Aphthae. 
LACTUCIMINA, Aphtha). 
LACTUMEN, Porrigo larvalis. 
LACTUMINA, Aphtha;. 
LACU'NA, Canalic'ulus, from lacus, ' a lake 
or deep ditch. A Fossa or Ditch. A small cavity 
in a mucous membrane, the parietes of which se- 
crete a viscid humour. It is used synonymously 
with crypt. 
Lacuna, Crypta, Fontanella - 1. Cerebri, In- 
fundibulum of the brain, Pituitary gland. 
Lacuna seu Sulcus seu Sul'culus Labii Su- 
perioris, Amab'ile, Amato'rium, Philtrwn, Phile'- 
trum. The hollow of the upper lip under the nose. 
Lacuna Magna, see Urethra. 
Lacuna?, see Urethra. 
Lacuna? of Bone. Certain dark stellate spots 
with thread-like lines radiating from them, seen 
under a high magnifying power. These were at 
first believed to be solid osseous or bone corpuscles, 
Corpus' cula os'slum - Corpuscles of Purkinje; 
but are now regarded as excavations in the bone 
- Sac'culi chalicoph'ori - with minute tubes or 
canaliculi proceeding from them, and communi- 
cating with the Haversian canals. The lacunae LACUNAR 
-■= 
and canaliculi are fibres concerned in the transit 
of nutrient fluid through the osseous tissue. 
Lacunas Graafia'n.e, L. muco'sce vulva. The 
mucous follicles of the vagina. 
Lacun.e Mucosa: Vulva:, L. Graafianae - 1. 
Palpebrarum, Meibomius, glands of. 
LACU'NAR, La'quear, ' an arched roof.' The 
roof of a chamber. Hence, 
Lacu'nar Or'bital The roof of the orbit. 
Lacunar Ventriculi Quarti Superior, Val- 
vula Vieussenii. 
LACUNE DE LA LANGUE, Caecum fora- 
men. 
LACUS LACRYMALIS, Lachrymal sac. 
Lacus Lacryma'rum. A small space in the 
inner angle of the eye between the lids, towards 
which the tears flow, and at which the triangular 
canal formed between the closed lids terminates. 
LADA. Piper nigrum. 
LADANUM, see Cistus creticus. 
LADENDO, Influenza. 
LADIES MANTLE, Alchemilla. 
LADIES' SLIPPER, SHOWY, Cypripedium 
speetabile - 1. Slipper, stemless, Cypripedium 
acaule-1. Slipper, yellow, Cypripedium luteum. 
LADIES' SMOCK, Cardamine pratensis. 
LADREUIE (F.) from ladre, 'a leper.' (F.) 
Liproserie, Maladrerie. A vulgar name for 
elephantiasis, or lepra. Also, an hospital for the 
receptron of the leprous, Leprosa'rium, Domus 
leprosa'ria, Leper hospital. 
LADYBIRD, Coccinella septempunctata. 
LADYBUG, Coccinella septempunctata. 
LADYCOW, Coccinella septempunctata. 
LADY CRESPIGNY'S PILLS, see Pilulae 
Aloes et Kina? Kina?. 
Lady Hesketh's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et 
Kinae Kinae. 
Lady Webster's Pills, see Pilulae Aloes et 
Kinae Kinae. 
LA3M0PARALYSIS, (Esophagoplegia. 
Pharynx. 
LAIMOSCIR'RHUS, Cancer pharyn'gis et 
cesoph'agi, Loenwsteno'sis seu Dyspha'gia scirrho'- 
sa; from Xaigos, 'the pharynx or oesophagus.' 
Cancer of the pharynx or oesophagus. 
LA3M0STEN0SIS, Dysphagia constricta - 
1. Scirrhosa, Laemoscirrhus. 
LJESIO, Lesion. 
LASTIFICAN'TIA, from latifico (latus, and 
facia), 'I make glad.' Medicines formerly used 
as cordials, in depression of spirits, <tc. 
LjEVIGATIO, Levigation. 
LA. VITAS INTESTINORUM, Lientery. 
LAGENTOMUM, Harelip. 
LAGNEA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
LAGNEIA, Coition, Satyriasis, Sperm. 
LAGNESIS, Furor Femininus, Nymphoma- 
nia- 1. Furor masculinus, Satyriasis - 1. Salaci- 
tas, Satyriasis. 
LAGNEUMA, Coition, Sperm. 
LAGNIA, Satyriasis. 
LAGNOSIS, Satyriasis. 
LAGOCHEILUS, Harelip. 
LAGONES, Flanks. 
LAGONOPONOS, Pleurodynia. 
LAGONTOMUM, Harelip. 
LAGOPHTHAL'MIA, from Aayoy, 'a hare,' 
and o<p3a\gof, 'an eye.' Lagophthal'nius, Hare's 
Eye; Lepori'nus Oc'ulus, (F.) (Eil de Liivre. A 
vicious arrangement of the upper eyelid, which 
is so retracted that it cannot cover the globe of 
the eye during sleep. It has been asserted that 
this condition of the eye is natural in the hare 
when asleep. 
LAGOPHTHALMUS, Lagophthalmia, Geum 
urbanum. 
LAGOSTOMA, Harelip. 
499 
LAMINA 
LAICHE, Sarsaparilla Germanica-I. des Sa- 
bles, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
LAIT, Milk - I. Adoucissant, Looch ex ovo- 
I. d'Anesse, Milk, asses' - I. d'Amandes, Emulsio 
amygdala? - Z. d'Asafoetida, Mistura asafoetidae 
- I. de Beurre, Buttermilk - I. de Rrebis, Milk, 
ewes' - I. Cflille, Curds - I. de Chevre, Milk, 
goats' - I. Epanche, L. repandu-I. de Femme, 
Milk, human - I. de Jument, Milk, mares' - I. de 
Poule, see Ovum. 
LAIT REPANDU, (F.) Lait tpanehe. A po- 
pular expression in France, under which is com- 
prehended every kind of disease (and particularly 
vague pains) occurring after delivery; all being 
ascribed to diffusion or deposition of milk. 
LAIT DE VACHE, Milk of the cow-I. Vir- 
ginal, Virgin's milk. 
LA1TER0N DOUX, Sonchus oleraceus. 
LAITIAT, (F.) Sour whey, in which different 
wild fruits have been macerated. Said to be much 
used in the Jura as a refreshing drink. 
LAITUE ORDINAIRE, Lettuce-I. Sauvage, 
Lactuca scariola - I. Scariole, Lactuca scariola 
- I. Vireuse, Lactuca virosa. 
LAKEWEED, Polygonum hydropiper. 
LALIA, Voice, articulated. 
LALLA'TION, Lalla'tio, Lambdacis'mus, 
Labdacis'mus, Lul'laby speech. Sauvages uses 
this term for a vicious pronunciation, in which 
the letter L is improperly doubled, or softened, 
or substituted for R. 
LAMAC, Acaciae gummi. 
LAMBDACISMUS, Lallation. 
LAMBDOID, Lambdoid'al, Larndol'des, Lanib- 
do'des, Lambdoideus, from the Greek letter A, 
XapPSa, and uSo$, 'shape,' 'resemblance.' Ana- 
tomists have given the name Lambdoidal Suture, 
Sutu'ra Lambdoida'lis seu lambdoides seu lamb- 
do'idea, S. Prorce, to the suture, formed by the 
parietal bones and the occipital, because it re- 
sembles the letter A, lambda, of the Greeks. It 
is the Oceipito-parietal suture-Suture occipitale, 
(Ch.) In this suture, the ossa Wormiana are 
most frequently met with ; and the denticulations 
are most distinctly marked. 
LAMBEAU, Flap. 
LAMBITIVUM, Eclectos. 
LAMB KILL, Kalmia latifolia. 
LAME, Lamina-I. Cornee, Taenia semicircu- 
laris - I. Ruyschienne, Ruyschiana tunica. 
LAMELLA, Lamina. 
LAMEL'LAR, Lamello'sus, Lam'inated, (F.) 
Lamelleux, Lamineux, composed of thin laminae 
or leaves - as the Lamellar or laminated tissue; 
i. e. the areolar tissue. 
LAMELLEUX, Lamellar. 
LAMENESS, Claudication. 
LAM'INA, Lamel'la, (F.) Lame. A thin, flat 
part of a bone ; a plate or table, as the cribriform 
lamina or plate of the ethmoid bone. Lamina 
and Lamella are generally used synonymously; 
although the latter is properly a diminutive of 
the former. 
Lam'ina Ciner'ea. A thin layer of gray sub- 
stance, which forms the anterior part of the infe- 
rior boundary of the third ventricle of the bram. 
Lam'ina Cor'nea, Ta'nia Tari'ni. A yellow- 
ish band or a thickening of the lining membrane 
of the ventricle, by which the vena corporis 
striati is overlaid in the lateral ventricle of the 
brain. 
Lamina Cribrosa, Cribriform lamella. 
Lamina Cribrosa Ossis Ethmoidei, see Cri- 
ble-1. Medullaris triangularis cerebri, Lyra. 
Lamina Periton.ei Externa. The outer la- 
mina or fold of the peritonaeum. 
Lamina Prima Cutis, Epidermis. 
Lamina Spira'lis, Septum scales, Septum coch'- 
lea audito'ricB. A partition between the seal® LAMINARIA 
of the cochlea. The largest part of this next the 
modiolus is formed of bone. The remainder, or 
that part next the opposite side of the sealte, is 
composed of a cartilaginous membrane, called, by 
Valsalva, Zona seu Zo'nula Coch'lea. By some 
anatomists, the lamina is divided into a Zona 
os'sea and Z. mollis. By others, it is considered 
to consist of four laminse, when examined with a 
strong glass: a Zona os'sea, next to the modiolus 
- a Zona coria'cea, on the outer side of this : a 
Zona vesicula'ris - and a Zona membrana'cea, 
which is, perhaps, the lining membrane of the 
cochlea. At the apex of the cochlea, the lamina 
spiralis terminates by a pointed hook-shaped pro- 
cess, ham'ulus lam'in a spira'lis. 
Lam'ijce Dorsa'les, Dorsal lamina. Two 
oval masses on each side of the primitive groove 
of the embryo, which approach so as to form a 
groove, in which are lodged the future brain and 
spinal marrow. 
Laminae Spongios.® Nasi, Turbinated bones. 
Lam'iNj® Ventra'les, L. viscera'les. Thick- 
ened prolongations of the serous layer of the ger- 
minal membrane, which, by their union, form the 
anterior wall of the trunk of the new being. 
LAMINA'RIA DIGITA'TA, Tangle. One of 
the Algae eaten in Scotland, and hawked about 
the streets with the Pepper-dulse. 
The leaf of a sea-weed - a species of Lami- 
naria- is employed in the Himalayas under the 
name of goitre leaf, so called because chewed by 
the inhabitants, where goitre prevails. 
LAMINATED, Lamellar. 
LAMINEUX, Lamellar. 
LA'MIUM ALBUM, L. folio'sum, Urti'ca mor'- 
tua, Galeop'sis Archangel'ica, Dead Nettle, White 
Arch'angel Nettle, (F.) Ortie blanche, Ortie morte. 
Infusions of this plant have been recommended 
in uterine hemorrhage, and leucorrhoea. It is 
not used. 
La'mium Amplexicau'le, Dead Nettle, Henbit; 
naturalized; flowering from May to October; is 
regarded as tonic, diaphoretic, and laxative. 
Lamium Foliosum, L. album - 1. Montanum, 
Melittis melissophyllum-1. Plinii, Melittis melis- 
sophyllum - 1. Rubrum, Galeopsis. 
LAMOTTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
thermal springs are in the department of Isere, 
France. Temperature, 184°. 
LAMPOURDE, Xanthium. 
LAMPROPHO'NUS, from Xag>rpoj, 'clear,' and 
<pwvn, ' voice.' One who has a clear voice. 
LAMPSANA, Lapsana. 
LAMPYRIS, Cicindela. 
LANA PHILOSOPHORUM, Zinci oxydum. 
LANARIA, Saponaria, Verbascum nigrum. 
LANCE DE MAURICEAU, (F.) An instru- 
ment invented by Mauriceau for perforating the 
head of the foetus. A perforator. 
LANCEOLA, Lancet. 
LANCET, Lance'ola, Lancet'ta, Schaste'rion, 
Scalpum chirur'gicum, (F.) Lancette,-diminu- 
tive of lancea, ' a lance.' A surgical instrument, 
used in the operation of phlebotomy. It is com- 
posed of two parts, the handle, (F.) Chasse, and 
the blade, (F.) Lame. The former is made of 
two small plates of ivory, bone, or shell, move- 
able ob the blade for whose preservation they are 
intended. The blade is formed of well-polished 
steel. Lancets are made of different shapes; 
Some being broad-shouldered - others, spear- 
rinted. The French distinguished three kinds: 
Lancette d grain d'orge, which, on account of 
the almost oval shape of its. point, makes a large 
opening. 2. The L. d langue de serpent, which 
is very narrow towards the point; and, 3. The 
L. d grain d'avoine, which holds a medium sta- 
500 
LAPARO-ENTEROTOMY 
tion between the two former, and is generally 
preferred. 
The Abscess Lancet is merely a large lancet for 
the purpose of opening abscesses. 
LANCETTA, Lancet. 
LANCETTE, Lancet. 
LANCETTIER, (F.) A lancet-case. 
LANCINANT, Lancinating. 
LAN'CINATING, Zan'ctnans, from lancinare 
(lancea, 'a lance'), 'to strike or through.' 
(F.) Lancinant, (substantive Elancement.) A 
species of pain, which consists in lancinations or 
shootings, similar to those that would be pro- 
duced by the introduction of a sharp instrument 
into the suffering part. It is especially in cancer 
that this kind of pain is felt. 
LAND'S END, CLIMATE OF. The climate 
of the Land's End, in England, resembles that 
of the south of Devonshire, but is more relaxing. 
It is considered to be most likely to prove bene- 
ficial in consumptive cases, in which the disease 
is accompanied by an irritated state of the pul- 
monary mucous membrane, producing a dry 
cough. Where the system is relaxed, and the 
secretion from the lungs considerable, the climate, 
it is conceived, will generally prove injurious. 
As a brumal retreat, the southern coast of De- 
vonshire would seem to be preferable to it. 
LANGEAC, MINERAL WATERS OF. Aci- 
dulous, mineral waters at Langeac, in The de- 
partment of Haute-Loire, France. They are em- 
ployed as refrigerant, aperient, and diuretic. 
They contain carbonic acid, carbonates of soda 
and magnesia, and a little iron. 
LAN'GII AQUA EPILEP'TICA, Epilep'tic 
Water of Langius, formerly employed against 
epilepsy. It was composed of the flowers of con- 
t'dZZaria and lavender, Spanish wine, cinnamon, 
nutmeg, mistletoe, peony and dittany roots, long 
pepper, cubebs, and rosemary flowers. 
LANGUE, Tongue - I. Abaisseur de la, Glos- 
socatochus - I. de Carpe, see Lever - I. de Cerf, 
Asplenium scolopendrium - I. de Chien, Cyno- 
glossum-I. de Serpent, Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
LANGUEUR, Languor. 
LANGUOR, Aph'esis,Faintness, (F.) Langueur. 
A species of atony, depression, or debility, which 
generally comes on slowly. 
LANTA'NA, Sage Tree, Blueberry, (F.) Cail- 
leau. The leaves of this indigenous plant form 
a fine-scented tea, like L. Camara or Bahama 
Tea, and L. Pseudothe'a or Brazil Tea. The tea 
is used as a diaphoretic. 
LANU'GO, Pili cutis, Pluma, from lana,' wool.' 
The soft, fine hair on different parts of the body, 
especially of the young. 
Lanugo Prima, Geneias - 1. Pudendorum, 
Pubes-1. Siliquae hirsutae, see Dolichos pruriens. 
LANUVIUM, Vulva. 
LAONI'CA CURA'TIO seu CURA. A mode 
of treating the gout, which consisted in the em- 
ployment of local applications, proper for evacu- 
ating the morbific matter.(?) 
LAOS, Tin. 
LAPACTICUS, Cathartic, Laxative. 
LAPARA, Abdomen, Flanks, Lumbi. 
LAPAROCE'LE, from 'the lumbar 
region,' and why, 'rupture.' Lumbar Hernia, 
through a separation of the fibres of the quadra- 
tus lumborum, and a protrusion of the aponeu- 
rosis of the transverse muscle on the outside of 
the mass common to the sacro-lumbalis and lon- 
gissimus dorsi. - Cloquet. 
LAPAROCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
LAPARO-ELYTROTOMIA, Caesarean Sec- 
tion. 
L APARO-ENTEROT'OMY, Lap'aro - entero- LAPAROSCOPIA 
tom'ia, from Xarapa, 'the lumbar region/ the 
'abdomen/ cvrcpov, 'intestine/ and ropri, 'inci- 
sion.' The operation of opening the abdomen 
and intestinal canal, for the removal of disease. 
LAPAROSCOPIA, Abdominoscopia. 
LAPAROTOMY, see Gastrotomy. 
LAPATHOS, Rumex acutus - 1. Aquaticum, 
Rumex hydrolapathum-1. Chinense, Rheum - 
1. Orientale, Rheum - 1. Sanguineum, Rumex 
sanguineus - 1. Unctuosum, Chenopodium bonus 
Henricus. 
LAPATHUM, Rumex acutus-1. Acutum, Ru- 
mex acutus-1. Hortense, Rumex patientia - 1. 
Pratense, Rumex acetosa - 1. Scutatum, Rumex 
scutatus - 1. Sylvestre, Rumex acutus, R. obtu- 
sifolius. 
LAPE, Mucus. 
LAPIDIL'LUM, from lapis, 'a stone.' Blasius 
has given this name to a kind of scoop, used for 
extracting stone from the bladder. 
LAPILLATIO, Lithia. 
LAPILLI GLANDULAR PINEALIS, see Pi- 
neal gland. 
LAPIL'LUS, diminutive of lapis, 'a stone.' A 
small stone; gravel; a grain of sand. 
LAPIS, Calculus - 1. Accipitrum, Hieracites 
-1. Aerosus, Calamina- 1. Ammoniaci, see Am- 
moniac gum-1. Animalis, Blood-1. Armenius, 
Melochites - 1. Aureus, Urine - 1. Bezoardicus, 
Bezoar-1. Caeruleus, Cupri sulphas-1. Calami- 
naris, Calamina - 1. Carneolus, Cornelian - 1. 
Causticus, Potassa cum calce, Potassa fusa - 1. 
Collymus, yEtites - 1. Contrayervae, Pulvis con- 
trayervae compositus - 1. Cyanus, L. lazuli. 
Lapis Divi'nus, L. Ophthal'micus sen Ophthal'- 
tnicus Sti. Ivesii. [Cupri gulphat., Alumin., Po- 
tass. nitrat. aa Melt together, adding at the 
end Camphor, Employed to make an eye- 
water, ad aqua 
Lapis Fulmineus, Ceraunion - 1. Hematites, 
Haematites-1. Heracleus, Magnet-1. Infernalis, 
Argenti nitras - 1. Infernalis alkalinus, Potassa 
fusa - 1. Infernalis sive septicus, Potassa cum 
calce-1. Judaicus, Judaeus (lapis). 
Lapis Lazu'li, Lapis Cy'anus, Asulci, Laz'u- 
lite, (F.) Pierre d'azur, Outremer. A stone, of a 
beautiful blue colour ; opake ; and close-grained ; 
fracture, dull. It is composed of silex ; alumine; 
carbonate and sulphate of lime; oxide of iron, 
and water. It was formerly looked upon as a 
purgative and emetic, and given in epilepsy. 
Lapis Malucensis, Bezoard of the Indian 
porcupine - 1. Nauticus, Magnet-1. Ophthalmi- 
cus, L. Divinus- 1. Ophthalmicus St. Ivesii, L. 
Divinus- 1. Phoenicites, Judaeus (lapis) - 1. Por- 
cinus, Bezoard of the Indian porcupine - 1. Pru- 
nellas, Potassin nitras fusus sulphatis paucillo 
mixtus - 1. Sardius, Cornelian - 1. Septicus, 
Causticum commune, Potassa fusa - 1. Specula- 
ris, S. lucidum - 1. Syderitis, Magnet - 1. Syri- 
acus, Judaeus (lapis) - 1. Vini, Potassae supertar- 
tras impurus. 
LAPPA, Arctium lappa, Galium aparine, Lip- 
pitudo - 1. Minor, Xanthium. 
LAPPULA HEPATICA, Agrimony. 
LAP'SANA, Lampsa'na, Na'pium, Papilla'- 
••is herba, Dock-cresses, Nipple-Wort, (F.) Lamp- 
sane, Herbe aux Mamelles. This plant is a lac- 
tescent bitter. It has been chiefly employed, 
however, as an external application to sore nip- 
ples, <tc. 
LAPSUS PILORUM, Alopecia. 
LAQ, Laqueus. 
LAQUE, Lacca. 
LAQUEAR. Lacunar. 
La'quear Vagi'nje, Fundus Vagina. The 
501 
LARYNGEAL 
part of the vagina in which the cervix uteri ter- 
minates. 
LA'QUEUS, Funis. A cord, ligature or ban- 
dage, with running knots;-a Noose, a loop. A 
fillet, Brochos, Pach'etos, (F.) Laq ou Lacq. 
The term is applied to a bandage or fillet of any 
kind, attached by means of a loop upon any 
part, with the view of fixing it; as in certain 
cases of labour, where a hand or foot presents; 
or to facilitate extension in luxations and frac- 
tures. 
Also :-A prominent band in the brain, behind 
the brachium posterius of the corpora quadrige- 
mina, which marks the course of the superior 
division of the fasciculus olivaris. 
Laqueus Gut'turis, 'Noose of the throat.' 
Violent inflammation of the tonsils, in which the 
patient appears as if suffocated by a noose. Ac- 
cording to some, gangrenous cynanche. 
LARCH, Pinus larix. 
LARD, Adeps. 
LARDACE, Lardaceous. 
LARDA'CEOUS, Larda'ceus, Lar'deus, Lard'- 
iform, Lardi'for'mis, (F.) Lardace; from lardum, 
' lard,' the fat of bacon. An epithet given to 
certain organic alterations in the textures, whose 
aspect and consistence resemble lard. (F.) Tissue 
lardaces. 
LARDEUS, Lardaceous. 
LARDIFORM, Lardaceous. 
LARGE, Broad. 
LARIX, Pinus larix - 1. Communis, Pinus 
larix-1. Decidua, Pinus larix - 1. Europaea, Pi- 
nus larix-1. Pyramidalis, Pinus larix. 
LARKSPUR, BRANCHING, Delphinium 
consolida. 
LARME, Tear. 
LARMOIEMENT, Epiphora. 
LA-ROCHE POSAY, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Simple sulphurous waters in the depart- 
ment of Vienne, France. ' . 
LARVA, Mask. Also the larve, grub, or ver- 
miform condition of an insect: the first change 
it experiences after leaving the ovum. Larves 
of insects are occasionally developed in the in- 
testinal canal from ova swallowed. See Ectozoa. 
LAR YNGE, Laryngeal. 
LARYNGE'AL, Larynge'us, (F.) Laryngi, 
Laryngien. Same etymon as Larynx. That 
which belongs to the larynx. 
Laryngeal Arteries are given off from the 
thyroid arteries. 
Laryngeal Nerves, (F.) Nerfs Laryngls, 
are two in number ; - a superior and an inferior. 
The superior laryngeal nerve is given off from 
the trunk of the pneumogastric, at the upper 
and deep part of the neck. It passes downwards 
and inwards, behind the internal carotid artery, 
and divides into two secondary branches; the 
one, external, which distributes its filaments, on 
the outside of the larynx, to the sterno-thyroid, 
hyo-thyroid, constrictor inferior, crico-thyroid 
muscles, Ac. The other, the internal, which 
crosses the thyro-hyoid membrane, and gives 
filaments to the epiglottis, the mucous mem- 
branes of the pharynx and larynx, to the aryte- 
noid gland, the arytenoid and crico-thyroid mus- 
cles, and ultimately anastomoses with the inferior 
laryngeal nerve. The fn/enor laryngeal nerves 
or recur'rents, Nervi reversi'vi, Rameaux Tra- 
ehfaux (Chaus.,) arise from the trunk of the 
pneumogastric within the thorax. They ascend 
in the furrow, which separates the trachea from 
the oesophagus, to be distributed on the neck 
after having been reflectedthe left around the 
arch of the aorta; the right, around the corre- 
sponding subclavian. They send off filaments 
to the cardiac plexuses; to the parietes of the LARYNGECHE 
•esophagus, and trachea; to the thyroid gland: 
to the inferior constrictor of the pharynx; the 
posterior and lateral erieo-arytenoid and thyro- 
arytenoid muscles; and to the mucous membrane 
of the pharynx and larynx. 
Laryngeal Phthisis, Phthisis, laryngeal - 1. 
Sound, Laryngeche. 
Laryngeal open into the internal jugu- 
lar. Winslow gives the name laryngeal to the 
superior thyroid artery. 
Laryngeal Voice, see Voice. 
LARYNGE'CIIE, from Aapvy|, 'the larynx,' 
and or nxoi> ' sound.' The laryngeal sound 
heard by the stethoscope during breathing and 
speaking. 
LARYNGIEN, Laryngeal. 
LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS, Asthma thy- 
tnicum. 
LAR YNGITE, Laryngitis-I. Muqueuse, La- 
ryngitis (simple)-J. (Edemateuse, (Edema of the 
glottis-I. (Edemateuse et sf.ro-purulente, (Edema 
of the glottis - I. avec Production de Fausses 
membranes, Cynanche trachealis-I. Pseudo-mem- 
braneuse, Cynanche trachealis-I. avec Secretion 
de Pus, Phthisis laryngea - I. Sus-glottique, 
(Edema of the glottis - I. Striduleuse, Asthma 
thymicum - I. Sous-muqueuse, (Edema of the 
glottis. 
LARYNGI'TIS, from Larynx, and itis, a suffix 
denoting inflammation; Inflamma'tio Laryn'gis, 
Cynanche larynge'a, Angi'na laryngea, (F.) La- 
ryngite, Catarrhe laryngien, Angine laryngi, In- 
flammation of the Larynx. This disease, in some 
measure, resembles croup; but is usually devoid 
of that peculiar sonorous inspiration, which at- 
tends the latter. There is, also, pain upon press- 
ing the larynx; and, whilst laryngitis is a disease 
of more advanced life, croup attacks children. 
The membraniform exudation is, also, absent; 
probably, because the inflammation, being seated 
above the glottis, the coagulable lymph is readily 
expectorated. It requires the most active treat- 
ment. 
Simple Laryngitis is called by some mucous 
Laryngitis, Laryngitis acu'ta, L. muco'sa acuta, 
(F.) Laryngite muqueuse, to distinguish it from 
submucous Laryngitis or (Edema of the glottis. 
Chronic Laryngitis is generally regarded as 
synonymous with laryngeal phthisis; but it may 
exist independently. 
Laryngitis Acuta, Laryngitis - 1. Chronic, 
see Phthisis Laryngea-1. Mucosa acuta, Laryn- 
gitis- 1. Mucous, Laryngitis (simple) - 1. (Ede- 
matous, (Edema of the glottis-1. Seropurulenta, 
(Edema of the glottis - 1. Submucous, (Edema of 
the glottis-1. et Tracheitis chronica, see Phthisis 
laryngea - 1. et Tracheitis infantilis, Cynanche 
trachealis. 
LARYNGOCACE, Cynanche trachealis. 
LARYNGO-CATAR'RIIUS, Catarrhus Laryn- 
geus et trachea'lis. Catarrh affecting the larynx 
and trachea more especially, as indicated by al- 
teration of the voice - hoarseness - itching and 
sensation of burning in those parts; short cough 
and expectoration, Ac. 
LARYNGO-ET-TRACIIEO-PIITHISIS, 
Phthisis laryngea. 
LARYNGOG'RAPIIY, Laryngograflhia; from 
Aapvyf, 'the larynx,' and ypaijm, ' a description.' 
An anatomical description of the larynx. 
LARYNGOL'OGY, from Xapvyf, 'the larynx,' 
and Xoyos, ' treatise.' A treatise on the larynx. 
LARYNGOPARALYSISj see Aphonia. 
LARYNGOPH'ONY, Tracheoph'ony, Laryn- 
ye'al voice, Tracheal voice; from Larynx, and 
<h>vn, 'voice.' The sound heard in health, when 
the stethoscope is placed over the larynx or tra- 
502 
LASER 
chea, at the time a person speaks. The voice 
appears to pass immediately up to the ear of the 
auscultator. A similar physical sign exists when 
there is a cavity in the lungs, and the instrument 
is placed over it whilst the patient speaks. See 
Pectoriloquy. 
LARYNGOPHTHISIS, Phthisis laryngea. 
LARYNGOSPASMUS, Asthma thymicum. 
LARYNGOSTASIS, Cynanche trachealis. 
LARYNGOSTENO'SIS ; from Xapvyf, 'the la- 
rynx,' and oTtvu>aif, ' contraction.' Contraction 
or narrowness of the larynx. 
LARYNGOT'OMY, Laryngotom'ia, from Xa- 
pvyf, 'the larynx,' and rtpvuv, 'to cut.' A sur- 
gical operation, which consists in opening the 
larynx, either to extract a foreign body, or to 
remedy an obstruction of the glottis. The ope- 
ration is, sometimes, erroneously called Broncho- 
tomy, and Tracheotomy. 
LARYNGO-TRACHEITIS, Cynanche tra- 
chealis- 1. Tracheitis with Diphtheritic exuda- 
tion, Cynanche trachealis. 
LAR'YNX, Xapvy(, ('a whistle.') Caput sen 
Oper'culum seu Iuit"ium seu Finis sups'rior seu 
Tsr'minus superior seu Pars prima as'perce arte'- 
rice. The apparatus of voice is situate at the 
superior and anterior part of the neck; and at 
the top of the trachea, with which it communi- 
cates. It is composed of four cartilages, - the 
thyroid, cricoid, and two arytenoid; is moved 
by a number of muscles, and lined by a mucous 
membrane, having certain membranous reflec- 
tions, constituting the superior ligaments of the 
glottis, <tc. 
Parts composing the Larynx. 
' Thyroid. 
Cricoid. 
Two arytenoid. 
Epiglottis. 
1. Cartilages 
Extrinsic, 
" Sterno-thyroid. 
Constrictors of the 
pharynx. 
All the muscles of 
„ the hyoid region. 
2. Muscles. 
' Crico-thyroid. 
Crico-arytenoid, pos- 
terior. 
Cryco-arytenoid, la- 
teral. 
Thyro-arytenoid. 
Arytenoid. 
Intrinsic, 
3. Mucous Membrane. 
4. Glands 
Epiglottic. 
Arytenoid. 
Thyroid. 
5. Membranes 
Thyro-hyoid. 
Crico-thyroid. 
6. Ligaments 
Crico-arytenoid. 
Thyro-arytenoid. 
The vessels and nerves of the larynx are called 
Laryngeal. 
The larynx is destined to give passage to the 
air, in the act of respiration, and to impress upon 
it certain modifications, which constitute voice. 
Its dimensions vary in different individuals. In 
men, it is always larger, and situate lower, than 
in women. 
Larynx, Pellicular or Plastic Inflamma- 
tion of the, Cynanche trachealis. 
LAS'ANUM, Sella familiar'ica, (F.) Chaise 
pereee. A close stool. 
LASCIVIA, Satyriasis. 
LASCIVITAS, Satyriasis. 
LASCIVUS, Libidinous. 
LASER, Laserpitium - Z. d Larges feuilles, 
Laserpitium latifolium. LASERPITIUM 
LASERPIT"IUM, Laser, Sil'phium, oto; <r«A- 
Qiov. A term applied, anciently, both to a plant 
and its juice, regarding the nature of neither of 
which we possess any precise information. Bent- 
ley, Laurence, Geoffroi, Ac., regard it to have been 
the same as asafoetida: - Theophrastus, Diosco- 
rides, and the ancient scholiast of Aristophanes, 
however, by assigning a sweet and agreeable fla- 
vour to the laserpitium, discountenance the idea. 
From whatever plant obtained, it was so rare, 
and consequently so costly, that the Romans de- 
posited it in the public treasury. It was obtained 
from Cyrene - Succus Cyrena'icus-and likewise 
from Persia-the latter being the most valuable. 
The Laserpitium is called by Avicenna, Altihit. 
Laserpitium Asperum, L. latifolium. 
Laserpitium Latifo'lium, L. as'perum, Gen- 
tia'na alba, White Gentian, Cerva'ria alba; (F.) 
Laser d larges feuilles. The root of this plant is 
bitter and tonic. 
Laserpitium Montanum, L. siler. 
Laserpitium Siler, L. trifolia'turn seu mon- 
ta'num, Ses'eli, Siler monta'num seu lancifo'lium, 
Heart-wort, Sermountain. The seeds and roots 
are possessed of aromatic properties. 
Laserpitium Trifoliatum, L. siler. 
LASSITUDE OCULAIRE, Copyopia. 
LASSITUDO, Copos. 
LATENS IN ORE, Pterygoideus internus. 
LATENT, Latens, from latere, 'to lie hid.' 
' Lying hid,' ' concealed.' An epithet applied to 
certain diseases or states of disease, in which the 
symptoms are so concealed and obscure, morbi 
oceul'ti, as to escape the observation of the phy- 
sician. Thus, we say latent inflammation, latent 
period of small-pox. 
LAT'ERAD, from latus, lateris, 'the side.' A 
term used adverbially by Dr. Barclay to signify 
' towards the lateral aspect.' 
LATERAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
L A T E RIT " I OUS, Laterit"ius, Lateric"ius, 
from later, 'a brick.' An epithet applied to the 
brick-like sediment, occasionally deposited in the 
urine of people afflicted with fever; sSedimen'tum 
uri'ncB lateric"ium. 
LATESCENTIS CH0RD2E (Musculus), Pal- 
maris longus. 
LATEX NIVEUS, Milk. 
LATHYRIS, Euphorbia lathyris. 
LATIB'ULUM, from lateo, ' I lie hid.' The 
foyer of a febrile poison; whence it spreads to 
every part to induce a paroxysm. See Clapier. 
LAT'ICA. Same etymon. Amphimer'ina lat'- 
iea of Sauvages. A species of quotidian remit- 
tent, whose paroxysms are very long, and which 
is accompanied with latent heat ( ? ), whence its 
name. 
LATICES LACTEI, Receptaculum chyli. 
LATIS'SIMUS COLLI, Platysma myoides. 
Latis'simus Dorsi, Aniscalp'tor, Jirachium 
movens qnartus, (F.) Lombo-humeral (Ch.), Dorsi- 
lombo-sacro-hnmeral, Muscle grand dorsal, M. tree 
large du dos. A flat muscle; broad, especially below; 
thin ; quadrilateral; and situate at the posterior, 
lateral, and inferior region of the trunk. It is 
attached to the posterior half of the outer lip of 
the crest of the ilium ; to the posterior surface of 
the sacrum; to the spinous processes of the six 
or seven last dorsal vertebrae, to all those of the 
loins, and to the last four false ribs, and is in- 
serted by a strong tendon at the posterior edge 
of the bicipital groove of the humerus. Its upper 
fibres are almost horizontal; the middle very long 
and oblique upwards and outwards ; and the an- 
terior almost vertical. This muscle carries the 
arm backwards, depressing it, and making it turn 
on its axis. It also draws backwards and down- 
wards the prominence of the shoulder. When, 
503 
LAURUS 
suspended by an arm, we make an effort to raise 
ourselves, it draws the trunk towards the arm. 
It can, also, raise the ribs by assuming its fixed 
point on the humerus, and become an inspiratory 
muscle. 
LATITUDO HUMERI, Scapula. 
LATTICE WORK, Cancelli. 
LATUS, Broad - 1. Ani, Levator ani. 
LAU, see Spirit. 
LAUCA'NIA, Leuca'nia, Lau'chane, from Xavw, 
' I enjoy,' * I take.' The fauces and oesophagus. 
Also, the chin. - Gorraeus. 
LAUCHANE, Laucania. 
LAUD'ANUM or LAUDA'NUM. Perhaps, 
from laus, ' praise ;' lauda'tum, ' praised.' Every 
preparation of opium, solid or liquid, but more 
particularly the extract and tincture, and espe- 
cially the latter. 
Laudanum Abba'tis Rousseau, Gutta Abbatis 
Rousseau, Vinum opia'tum fermentatio'ne para'- 
tum, Abbe Rousseau's Drops. (Mel. Narbonnens., 
5xij> aqua calida, Oiij. Set in a warm place, 
and, as soon as the mixture ferments, add opium, 
dissolved in water, fsjxij. Let it ferment 
for a month, and evaporate to strain, and 
add rectified spirit of wine, 
Laudanum, Ford's, Vinum opii - 1. Liquid, 
Tinctura opii - 1. Liquidum Hoffmanni, Vinum 
opii - 1. Liquidum Sydenhami, Vinum opii - 1. 
Opiatum, Extractum opii - 1. Simplex, Extrac- 
tuni opii. 
LAUGH, Risus - 1. Sardonic, Canine laugh. 
LAUGHING, Risus. 
LAUGHTER, Risus. 
LAUREL, Kalmia latifolia, Magnolia macro- 
phylla - 1. Broad-leaved, Kalmia latifolia - 1. 
Cherry, Prunus lauro-cerasus-1. Common, Pru- 
nus lauro-cerasus-1. Dwarf, Kalmia angustifolia 
-1. Great, Rhododendron maximum-1. Ground, 
Epigaea repens - 1. Mountain, Kalmia latifolia. 
Rhododendron - 1. Narrow-leaved, Kalmia an- 
gustifolia-1. Poison, Prunus lauro-cerasus - 1. 
Rose, Kalmia latifolia-1. Sheep, Kalmia angus- 
tifolia- 1. Swamp, Kalmia glauca - 1. Sweet, 
Illicium Floridanum - 1. Water, see Prunus lau- 
ro-cerasus - 1. White, Magnolia glauca. 
LAURENT, SAINT, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. A thermal spring, five leagues from Joyeuse 
in France. Temp. 127° Fahr. 
LAUREN'TIA PINNATIF'IDA, Pepper- 
dulse. One of the Algae, eaten in Scotland, and 
hawked about the streets of Edinburgh along 
with Lamina'ria digita'ta or Tangle. 
LAUREOLA, Daphne laureola. 
LAURIER, Lauras - I. Alexandrin, Ruscus 
hypoglossum-I. Amandier, Prunus lauro-cerasus 
- I. Cerise, Prunus lauro-cerasus - I. Rose, Ne- 
rium oleander. 
LAURO-CERASUS, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
LAURUS, Laurus nob'ilis, Daph'ne, Street Bay. 
Nat. Ord. Laurineae. (F.) Laurier. The leaves 
and berries havs a sweet, fragrant smell, and an 
aromatic, astringent taste. Sweet bay has been 
advised as a stomachic and carminative, but is 
now rarely used. It is, sometimes, employed as 
a fomentation and in glysters; and the berries 
are an ingredient in the Emplastrum Cumini. 
Laurus AEstivalis, L. benzoin-1. Alexandrina 
angustifolia, Ruscus hypoglossum-1. Camphora, 
see Camphor. 
Laurus Ben'zoin, Benzoin odoriferum, Lau- 
rus Pseudo-benzoin seu astitxi'lis, Spice wood 
Spice bush, Allspice bush, Wild allspice, Spice 
berry, Fever wood, Fever bush. An indigenous 
shrub, growing in moist, shady places in all parts 
| of the United States; flowering early in spring. 
All parts of the shrub have a spicy, agreeable 
, flavour, which is strongest in the bark and her- LAUTISSIMA 
ries. An infusion or decoction of the small 
branches is used in popular practice as a vermi- 
fuge, and agreeable drink in low fevers. The 
bark has been used in intermittents; the berries, 
dried and powdered, for allspice. The oil of the 
berries is used as an excitant. 
Laurus Canella, L. Cassia. 
Laurus Cas'sia, L. canel'la,Per'sea cassia. The 
species of laurus which yields the Cassia lig'nea, 
Casia, Cassia cinnamo' mea, Cortex Oanel'lce Ma- 
labar' ices, Cassia lignea Malabar' ica, Xylo-cassia, 
Canel'la Malabarica et Javen'sis, Canella Cuba'- 
na, Arbor Juda'ica, Cassia Canel'la, Canellif era 
Malabar'ica, Cortex cras'sior, Cinnamo'mum Ma- 
labar'icum seu In'dicum seu Sinen'se, Calihac'ha 
canel'la, Wild Cinnamon, Malabar Cinnamon, 
Cassia, (F.) Cannelle de Malabar ou de Java ou 
de la Chine ou des Indes ou de Coromandel, C. 
fausse, C. matte, Casse en bois, Casse aromatique. 
The bark and leaves abound with the flavour of 
cinnamon, for which they may be substituted; 
but they are much weaker. The unopened flower- 
buds are used in the same manner. 
Laurus Cinnamo'mum, Per'sea cinnamo'mum, 
Cinnamo'mum, C. Zeylan'icum, Darse'ni, Darsi'ni, 
Cinnamon, Xylo-cinnamomum, Cuurdo Canel'la, 
(F.) Cannelle, Baume de Cannelle, Cannelle offici- 
nale. Cinnamon bark, which is obtained, also, 
from the Cinnamo'mum aromat'icum, is stimulant 
and carminative, and is employed, chiefly, as a 
grateful aromatic, to cover the taste of nauseous 
remedies. Dose, gr. x to The Flowers, 
called Cassia Flores in the shops, possess aroma- 
tic and astringent virtues, and may be used 
wherever cinnamon is required. The volatile 
oil of the bark - O'leum Cinnamo'mi-Oil of 
Cinnamon, is officinal in the Pharm. U. S. 
Laurus Cubeba, Piper cubeba-1. Culilaban, 
L. Culilawan. 
Laurus Culil'awan, L. Culil'aban seu Cary- 
ophyllins, Cinnamo'mum Culilawan. The tree that 
affords the Cortex Culilawan seu Culilaban, Cu- 
lilawan, Culitlawan, Cortex caryophylloides, C. 
Caryophylloides Amboinen'sis. This bark resem- 
bles the sassafras in appearance and properties, 
and is used in Java as a condiment. 
Laurus Malabathrum, see Malabathrum - 
1. Nobilis, Laurus - 1. Pseudobenzoin, L. Ben- 
zoin. 
Laurus Sas'safras, Per'sea sas'safras, Sas- 
safras, Cornus mas odora'ta, Anhuiba, Ague-free. 
Indigenous in the United States. Sassafras wood 
and root, and especially the bark of the root, 
Sassafras Radi'cis Cortex (Ph. U. S.), have been 
considered stimulant, sudorific, and diuretic. The 
virtues depend upon essential oil, Oleum Sassa- 
fras, the odour of which is not unlike that of 
fennel. It has been used in cutaneous diseases, 
chronic rheumatism, Ac. 
The pith of the stems, Sassafras medul'la, 
abounds in gummy matter, which it readily im- 
parts to water, forming a limpid mucilage, which 
is much employed as a collyrium in ophthalmia, 
and as a drink in dysentery, catarrh, Ac. (one 
dram of the pith to a pint of boiling water). 
LAUTIS'SIMA VINA. (Lautus, 'elegant.') 
Wines were formerly so called, which were 
strongly impregnated with myrrh. 
LAVAMENTUM, Clyster, Enema. 
LA VANDE, Lavendula. 
LAVANDULA, Lavendula. 
LAVEMENT, Clyster, Enema - I. Antispas- 
modique, Enema feetidum. 
LAVENDER, COMMON, Lavendula-1. Sea, 
Statice limoniurn, Statice Caroliniana. 
LAVEN'DULA, from lavo, 'I wash;' so called 
from being used in baths. Laven'dula spica seu 
latifo'ha, Spica, L. vera, Lavan'dula (Ph. U. S.), 
504 
LEAD 
*- 
Common Lavender, (F.) Lavande, Aspic, Spic. 
The odour of lavender flowers is fragrant and 
agreeable ; taste warm and bitterish - depending 
upon an essential oil. It has been used as a sti- 
mulant; particularly in the form of the oil,- 
O'leum laven' dulce. The dried leaves have been 
employed as an errhine. 
The French use the Lavexdula Stcechas, <S7«- 
chas et Stichas Arab'ica, French Lavender, of 
which they have a compound syrup, Syru'pus de 
stoe'chade compos'itus: given as a pectoral. 
Lavendula Latifolia, Lavendula. 
LAVER GERMANICEM, Veronica becca- 
bunga-1. Odoratum, Sisymbrium nasturtium. 
LAVIPEDIEM, Pediluvium. 
LAW MEDICINE, Medicine, legal. 
LAWSONIA ALBA, L. Inermis. 
Lawso'nia Iner'mis, L. alba, Alcan'a vera, A. 
Orienta'lis, Oypcrus antiquo'rum, Ligus'trum 
xEgyptiacum, Smooth Lawso'nia, (F.) Hennt. 
An East Indian and African plant, the root of 
which is slightly astringent. 
In India, the root of the Lawso'nia spinosa is 
employed in lepra and other cutaneous affections. 
LAX, Diarrhoea. 
LAXANS, Laxative, Relaxant. 
LAX'ATIVE, Laxati'vus, Laxans, Le'niens, 
from laxare, ' to loosenMinorati'vus, Soluti'vus, 
Alvid' ucus, Hypecchoret'icus, Hypago'gus, Hy- 
pel'atus, Hypocathar'ticus, Lapac'ticus. A me- 
dicine which gently opens the bowels; such as 
tamarinds, manna, &c. 
LAXATIVUS INDICES, Cambogia. 
LAXATOR AURIS INTERNES, L. tym- 
pani. 
Laxator Tympani, L. major tym'pani, Exter1- 
nus mallei, Ante'rior mallei, Obli'quus auris, Ex- 
ternals auris vel Laxator inter'nus, Eusta'chii mus'- 
culus, (F.) Ant&rieur du marteau, Spheni-salpingo- 
mallien. A muscle which arises from the spine 
of the sphenoid bone and from the cartilage of 
the Eustachian tube, and is inserted, by a tendon, 
into the apophysis of Rau. It relaxes the mem- 
brana tympani. 
Laxa'tor Tym'pani Minor. A very small 
muscle which extends from the upper part of 
the external auditory canal, and ts inserted at 
the inferior part of the process of the handle of 
the malleus. Its existence is denied by most 
anatomists. 
LAXITAS, Atony - 1. Alvi, Diarrhoea - 1. 
Ingestorum, Lientery - 1. Intestinorum, Lien- 
tery - 1. Scroti, Rhachosis - 1. Ventriculi, Gas- 
terasthenia. 
LAX'ITY, Lax'itas, Laxness. Condition of a 
tissue, when loose or relaxed; or of one which 
wants tone. We say laxity of fibre, laxity of 
skin, to express, that those parts have lost some 
of the tenseness proper to them. 
LAYER, ANIMAL, see Tache embryonnaire- 
1. Mucous, see Tache embryonnaire - 1. Serous, 
see Tache embryonnaire - 1. Vascular, see Tache 
embryonnaire - 1. Vegetative, see Tache embryon- 
naire. 
LAYERS OF THE BLASTODERMA, see 
Tache embryonnaire. 
LAZARET'TO, Lazaret, Lazar-house, from 
(I.) lazzero, 'a leper.' A solitary edifice in most 
seaports of magnitude, intended for the disinfec- 
tion of men and goods proceeding from places 
where contagious diseases are prevailing. 
LAZELITE, Lapis lazuli. 
LEAD, Plumbum - 1. Black, Graphites - 1. 
Chloride of, Plumbi chloridum-1. Colic, see Co- 
liea metallica - 1. Iodide of, Plumbi iodidum - 1. 
Nitrate of, Plumbi nitras-1. Oxyd of, semi-vitri- 
fied, Plumbi oxydurn semivitreum-1. Paralysis, LEAD-POISONING 
see Palsy, lead - 1. Red, Plumbi oxidum ru- 
brum. 
Lead Rheu'matism, Lead Neural'gia, Arthral'- 
gia of M. Tanquerel. The neuralgic and spas- 
modic pains caused by the poison of lead. 
Lead, Subcarbonate of, Plumbi superacetas 
- 1. Tannate of, see Tannin - 1. White, Plumbi 
subcarbonas. 
LEAD-POISONING, Molybdo'sis, Morbus 
plumbeus, Cacochym'ia plumbea, (F.) Intoxication 
saturnine. Morbid phenomena induced by lead 
received into the system. 
LEADWORT, Plumbago Europaea. 
LEAF, SOUR, Andromeda arborea. 
LEAMINGTON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Saline waters at Leamington, about two miles 
east of Warwick, England, which contain chlo- 
ride of sodium, sulphate of soda, and chlorides 
of calcium and magnesium. 
LEANNESS, Emaciation. 
LEAP, Sax. hlaepan, Saltus, Salit"io, Exal- 
sis, (F.) Sant; Bound, Jump, - the act of leap- 
ing. Muscular movement or movements, by which 
the body is detached from the soil by the forcible 
and sudden extension of the lower limbs, previ- 
ously flexed upon the pelvis. 
LEAPING AGUE. This diser se is said by 
the Scotch writers to be characterized by in- 
creased efficiency, but depraved direction, of the 
will, producing an irresistible propensity to dance, 
tumble, and move about in a fantastic manner, 
and often with far more than the natural vigour, 
activity, and precision ! See Mania, dancing. 
LEATHER FLOWER, Clematis viorna - 1. 
Wood, Dirca palustris. 
LEB'ANON, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
spring at Lebanon, 26 miles east of Albany, New 
York, is an almost pure thermal. Temp. 72° 
Fahr. 
LECHENEION, Torcular Herophili. 
LECHO, Puerpera. 
LECHOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
LE CHAN, Cochlearia armoracia. 
LECONTIA, Peltandra Virginica. 
LECTISTER'NIUM, from lectus, 'a bed,' and 
sternere, ' to spread.' The arrangement of a bed 
so as to adapt it to a particular disease. Also, a 
supplication, with the Romans, in times of public 
danger, when beds or couches were spread for the 
gods, as if they were about to feast, and their 
images were taken down from their pedestals and 
placed upon these couches around the altars. 
The lectisternium was first introduced in the time 
of a pestilence. - Livy. 
LECTUA'LIS, from lectus, 'a bed.' An epi- 
thet applied to a protracted disease. 
LEDE SAUVAGE, Ledum sylvestre. 
LECTULUS STRAMINEUS, Eanon. 
LEDOYEN'S DISINFECTING LIQUID. A 
solution of nitrate of lead, (Plumb, nitrat. ,"j ad 
aquce f j,) used as an antiseptic and antibromic. 
LEDUM LAT IF 0' LIU M, Labrador' Tea, 
grows in damp places, in Canada and the United 
States. The leaves have a pleasant odour and 
taste, and have been used as tea. They have also 
been esteemed pectoral and tonic. 
Ledum Palus'tre, Eosmari' nus sylves'tris, An- 
itas sylves'tris, Marsh Tea, (F.) ou Homarin 
sauvage. Nat. Ord. Ericineae. Sex. Syst. Decan- 
dria Monogynia. This plant has a bitter, sub- 
astringent taste, and was formerly used in Switz- 
erland in place of hops: the virtues are equivocal. 
LEE, Feculence, Lixivium, Ley, Lye. 
LEECH, Hirudo, see Ectozoa. 
LEEK, Allium porrum. 
LEES, SOAP, Liquor potassse. 
LEG, (Danish,) Orus, Scelos, Cneme. The por- 
505 
LEMONADE 
tion of the lower extremity, which extends from 
the knee to the foot. It consists of three bones; 
Tibia, Fibula, and Patella, and also of a great 
number of muscles, vessels, and nerves. The 
projection, formed by the muscles at the back 
part of the leg, has received the name of Calf of 
the leg. It is the special attribute of man, and 
proves that he is destined to be biped. 
Leg, Swelled, Phlegmatia dolens - 1. Cochin, 
see Elephantiasis. 
L E G I T' I MAT E, Legit'imus, from lex, legis, 
' law;' G'enut'wus, Gne'sios. An epithet applied 
to things which are according to rule. A legiti- 
mate child, (F.) Enfant legitime, is one conceived 
or born during marriage. Legitimate diseases, 
(F.) Maladies legitimes, are those which follow a 
regular march. 
LEGNA, from leyvov, ' a fringed edge.' The 
orifice of the pudendum muliebre, or of the uterus. 
LEGUME, Legumen. 
LEGU'MEN, from lego, 'I gather:' (F.) Le- 
gume, Gousse. So called because it is usually 
gathered by the hand, instead of being reaped. 
All kinds of pulse, as peas, beans, &c., are thus 
termed. 
LEGUMIN, Casein. 
LEICHEN, Lichen. 
LEI'OPUS, Li'opus, Plancus, Plautus, Plotus, 
from \nos, ' smooth,' and novs, ' a foot.' One who 
is affected with Jiat-footedness, splay-footedness, 
Leiopod'ia, Liopod'ia. One, the soles of whose 
feet are flat, instead of having the concavity which 
they commonly present. 
LEIOSIS, Comminution. 
LEIPHAl'MIA, Liphce'mia : same etymon as 
Leiphaemos. Poverty or paucity of blood. 
LEIPHJEMOI, Achroi. 
LEIPHJE'MOS, Liphce'mos, (F.) I.eipit erne, 
from Xturw, 'I want,' and 'aipa, 'blood.' A word 
sometimes used adjectively; at others, substan- 
tively, either fora vicious state of the blood - or 
rather for a sort of anaemia - or for the patient 
who labours under this condition. 
LEIPHEME, Leiphaemos. 
LEIPO, Lipo. 
LEIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
LEIPODER'MOS, Lipoder'mos, from Xtin-w, 'I 
want,' and btppa, 'skin.' One who wants a part 
of his skin. It is especially applied to one who 
wants the prepuce. See Apella and Aposthia. 
LEIPOMERIA, Lipomeria. 
LEIPOPSYCHIA, Syncope. 
LEIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
LEIPYR'IAS, from Actirw, 'I want,' and irup, 
' fire,' or ' heat.' A species of continued fever, 
referred to by the Greek physicians, in which 
there is burning heat of the internal parts and 
coldness of the extremities. Avicenna described, 
under this name, a kind of hemitritsea. 
LEMA, Chassie. 
LEME, Lippitudo. 
LEMITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
LEMMA, Cortex, Feculence, Furfur, Sedimen- 
tum. 
LEMNISCUS, Pessary, Tent. 
LEMON GROUND, Podophyllum montanum 
- 1. Juice, see Citrus medica - 1. Juice, artificial, 
see Citrus medica - 1. Peel, see Citrus medica - 
1. Tree, Citrus medica -1. Wild, Podophyllum 
montanum. 
LEMONADE', Limona'da, (F.) Limonade. Le- 
mon juice diluted with water and sweetened. See 
Citrus medica. 
Lemonade, Dry, (F.) Limonade seche. Citric 
or tartaric acid reduced to powder and mixed with 
sugar. Lemonade Powders may he made as fol . 
lows :-Pound 3 j{ of citric acid with a few drops LEMOSITAS 
of essence of lemon-peel and or more of lump 
sugar. Divide into six papers, each of which will 
make a glass of lemonade. See Citric acid. 
Limonade Gazeuse, (F.) is an agreeable drink 
prepared by adding syrup of lemons, raspberry, 
&c., to water saturated with carbonic acid. 
Lemonade, Magnesian, Magnesias citras. 
Lemonade, Nitric. Nitric acid considerably 
diluted with water, and sweetened. 
Lemonade, sulphuric, and Lemonade, tar- 
taric, are made with the sulphuric and tartaric 
acids. 
LEMOSITAS, Chassie, Lippitudo. 
LENIENS, Laxative, Lenitive. 
LENIS, Lenitive. 
LEN'ITIVE, Leniti'vus, Lenis, Len'iens, Epia'- 
ma, Mit'igans, from lenio, ' 1 assuage.' A medi- 
cine, which allays irritation or palliates disease; 
also, a laxative medicine. A lenitive electuary is 
one that purges gently. 
LENOS, Torcular Herophili. 
LENS, Ervum lens-1. Crystalline, Crystalline 
-1. Esculenta, Ervum lens. 
LENTIC'ULA. Dim. of lens, 'a lentil.' A 
freckle. Also, the eruption of lenticular fever. 
See Ephelides. 
LENTICULAR GANGLION, Ophthalmic G. 
LENTICULA'RES GL AN'DUL.®, Lentic'- 
alar glands. Mucous follicles, having the shape 
of a lentil, which are observed especially towards 
the base of the tongue. 
LENTIGO, Ephelides. 
LENTIL, Ervum lens. 
LENTILLE, Ervum lens-I. Crystalline, Crys- 
talline - 1. Ers, Ervum ervilia. 
LENTIS'CINUM VINUM. Wine impregnated 
with mastich ; from Lentiscus, ' the mastich tree.' 
LENTISCUS VULGARIS, Pistacia lentiscus. 
LENTITIA, Lentor. 
LENTITIS, Phacitis. 
LENTITUDO, Lentor. 
LENTOR, Lentit"ia, Lentitu'do, from lentus, 
'clammy.' A viscidity or siziness of any fluid. 
See Gluten. 
LENUM, Torcular Herophili. 
LEONO'TIS LEONU'RUS. A South African 
plant, which has a peculiar smell and nauseous 
taste, and is said to produce narcotic effects if 
incautiously nsed. It is employed in decoction 
in chronic cutaneous diseases. The Hottentots 
smoke it like tobacco, and take a decoction of its 
leaves as a strong cathartic. It is also given as 
an emmenagogue. In the eastern districts of the 
Cape Colony, Leonotis ova'ta is used for the same 
purpose. 
LEONTI'ASIS, Leon'tion, from Xtwv, 'a lion.' 
A name given to lepra of the face, from some 
fancied resemblance between the countenance of 
those labouring under it and that of the lion. To 
this kind of lepra the epithets le'onine and le'on- 
tine have been given. 
LEON'TICE THALICTROIDES, Caulophyl- 
lum thalictroides. 
LEONTION, Leontiasis. 
LEON'TODON TARAX'ACUM, L. officina'le, 
seu vulga're, Tarax'acum rfficina'le, Dens Leo'nis, 
Hedyp'nois tarax'acum, Urina'ria, Caput Mon'a- 
chi, Dandeli'on, Piss-a-bed, Puffball, (F.) Pis- 
senlit, Liondent. Order, Compositae. The young 
leaves are sometimes eaten as salad. The roots 
are, also, roasted and used as a substitute for 
coffee. The root, Tarax'acum, (Ph. U. S.,) is, 
moreover, reputed to be aperient and diuretic; 
hence its vulgar name. Its efficacy is doubtful. 
Leonotis Ovata, see Leonotis leonurus. 
LEONTOPODIUM, Alchemilla. 
LEONU'RUS, from Xtwv, 'a lion,'and ovpa, 'a 
tail.' Lion's Tail. 
506 
LEPRA 
Leonurus Cardi'aca, Agripal'ma Gallis, Mar- 
ru'bium, Cardi'aca crispa seu triloba'ta seu vul- 
ga'ris, Herba cardi'aca, IT. Patce lapi'nce, Mother- 
wort, Throatwort, (F.) Agripaume. Its properties 
are those of a nauseous bitter; and hence it has 
been used in hysteria and other nervous affections. 
Leonurus Lanatus, Ballota lanata. 
LEOPARD'S BANE, ROMAN, Arnica mon- 
tana, Doronieum pardalianches. 
LEPAS, Lepis, Xnras, gen. Xeirabos; Xeiri$, gen. 
Xeirt&>$, ' a scale.' 
LEPER, see Leprous. 
Leper Hospital, Ladrerie. 
LEPIA CAMPESTRIS, Thlaspi campestre - 
1. Sativa, Lepidium Iberis. 
LEPID'IUM, from.Xtirtf, 'a scale;' so called 
from its supposed usefulness in cleansing the 
skin from scales and impurities. Pepper-wort. 
Lepidium Campestre, Thlaspi campestre. 
Lepid'ium Ibe'ms, Ibe'ris, Cardaman'tica, Sci- 
at'ica cresses. This plant possesses a warm, pene- 
trating, pungent taste, like other cresses, and is 
recommended as an antiscorbutic, antiseptic, and 
stomachic. 
Lepidium S&ti'vvsm,Lep'ia sati'va, Thlaspi nas- 
tur'tium seu sati'vum, Nastur'tium horten'se seu 
Garden cress, Dittander, (F.) Cresson 
alenois, Cresson des Jardins. This plant pos- 
sesses warm, stimulating properties, and is used 
like the last. 
Lepidium Squamatum, Cochlearia coronopus. 
LEPIDODES, Squamous. 
LEPIDOIDES, Squamous. 
L E PID 0 SAR C O' MA, Tumor squamifor'mis 
carno'sus. A fleshy tumour, covered with scales; 
from Xeris, 'a scale,' and aaprisya, 'a fleshy tu- 
mour.' Marcus Aurelius Severinus describes tu- 
mours of this kind in the interior of the mouth. 
LEPTDOSIS, Scaly diseases. 
LEPIDOSIS ICHTHYIASIS, Ichthyosis-I. 
Ichthyiasis cornigera, Horny excrescences - 1. 
Lepriasis, Lepra-1. Pityriasis, Pityriasis-1. Pso- 
riasis, Psoriasis. 
LIPIDOTIS CLAVATA, Lycopodium clava- 
tum 
LEPIRA, Lepra. 
LEPIS, Scale. 
LEPORINUM LABIUM, Harelip -1. Ros- 
trum, Harelip. 
LEPORINUS OCULUS, Lagophtbalmia. 
LEPRA, Lep'ira, from Xtris, ' a scale.' Lepi- 
do'sis Lepri'asis, Lepro'sis, Lepro'sitas, Vitili'go, 
Lepra Grceco'rum, Herpes furfura'ceus circina'- 
tus, Leprosy, (F.) Lepre, Mai Saint-Main, Dartre 
furfuracee arrondie. This term has been ap- 
plied to various affections, very different in cha- 
racter. 1. To the Leprosy of the Jews, Leuce, Le- 
pido'sis, Lepriasis canes'cens, Lepra Mosa'ica seu 
Hebrao'rum, - a variety of the Alphas or Lepra 
alphoi'des. The leuce was, generally, not scaly, 
but consisted of smooth, shining patches, on which 
the hair turned white and silky, and the skin, 
with the muscular flesh, lost its sensibility. It 
was incurable. To the Elephantiasis or Lepra of 
the Arabs, see Elephantiasis ; and 3. To the Lepra 
of the Greeks, which includes all the varieties met 
with at the present day. It is characterized by 
scaly patches of different sizes, but having always 
nearly a circular form. Bateman and Willan 
describe three chief varieties of this lepra. 
1. Lepra alphdi'des, Lepido'sis Lepri'asis al'- 
bida, Alphas, Morphce'a alba, Vitili'go alphns, 
Al'barus alba, Albarces, Albaros, Lepre Tcailleuse 
of Alibert, White leprosy. An affection, charac- 
terized by white patches, surrounded by a rose- 
coloured areola, which appears here and there on 
the surface; depressed in the middle. LEPRE 
2. Lepra ni'gricans, Lepra melas, Vitili'go me- 
las, V. Nigra, Morphce'a nigra, Lepra maculo'sa 
nigra, Al'baras nigra, Melas, Lepido'sis lepri'asis 
ni'gricans, Black leprosy; in which the scales are 
livid ; the size of half a dollar; and diffused over 
the body, but less widely than in the Alphoides. 
The French pathologists usually admit three spe- 
cies of lepra, to which they give the epithets scaly, 
(squaineuse,) crustaceous, (crustacee,) and tuber- 
cular, (tuberculeuse,) according as the skin may 
be covered with scales, crusts, or tubercles. 
3. Lepra vulga'ris, Lepido'sis lepri'asis vulga'- 
ris, Dartre furfuracee arrondie, of Alibert, cha- 
racterized as follows: scales glabrous, whitish, 
size of a crown piece; preceded by smaller red- 
dish and glossy elevations of the skin, encircled 
by a dry, red, and slightly elevated border; often 
confluent; sometimes covering the whole of the 
body except the face. 
Lepra appears to be endemic in Egypt, in 
Java, and certain parts of Norway and Sweden. 
Imperfect and faulty nutriment appears to con- 
tribute to its development. The means, best 
adapted for its removal, are :-a mild, unirritating 
diet, emollient fomentations-sulphureous baths, 
fumigations, &c.; but, often, all remedial agents 
will be found ineffectual. 
Lepra Arabum, Elephantiasis Arabica-1. Bo- 
realis, Radzyge - 1. Fungifera, Framboesia - 1. 
Grrecorum, Lepra - 1. Ilebraeorum, see Lepra - 
1. Ichthyosis, Ichthyosis - 1. Lombardica, Pella- 
gra-1. Maculosa nigra, L. Nigricans-1. Medio- 
lanensis, Pellagra - 1. Mercurial, Eczema mer- 
curiale - 1. Mosaica, see Lepra - 1. Norvegica, 
Radzyge - 1. Squamosa, Impetigo - 1. Taurica, 
Mai de Crimee. 
LEPRE, Lepra - I. des Cossaques, Mai de 
Crimle- I. Ecailleuse, Lepra alphoides - I. Hu- 
mide, Impetigo. 
LEPRICUS, Leprous. 
LEPROSARIUM, Ladrerie. 
LEP110SE11IE, Ladrerie. 
LEPROSIS, Lepra. 
LEPROSITAS, Lepra. 
LEPROSY, Lepra - 1. Black, Lepra nigricans 
- 1. Norwegian, see Radzyge - 1. White, Lepra 
alphoides. 
LEP'ROUS, Lepro'sus, Leprot'icus, Lep'ricus, 
Lepro'dcs. Relating to or resembling or affected 
with leprosy ; a leper. 
LEPSIS, Attack. 
LE PT AN'DR A VIRGIN'ICA, Veroni'ca 
Virgin' ica, Calver's physic. An indigenous plant, 
which grows throughout the United States, and 
flowers in August. The flowers are white, and 
terminate the stem in a long spike. A variety 
with purple flowers has been described, as 
Leptandra Pvrpu'reA, Physic root, Black 
root, Whorlywort, Culvert root, Brinton root, Bow- 
man root. The root is bitter and nauseous, and 
when fresh is emetic and cathartic. In the dried 
state it is more uncertain. Dose of the powder, 
gr. xx to J). 
LEPTO, LEPTOS, Xcirro$, 'thin,' 'light.' 
Hence: 
LEPTOCIIRO'A, Lep'tochros, from Xi-nros, 
' thin, fine,' and x?oa> XPola> ' colour of the 
skin : the skin.' Fineness, thinness of skin. 
LEPTOCHYM'IA, from Xcirrof, 'thin,' and 
XVfios, 'a juice.' Morbid thinness of the juices. 
LEPTOIIYME'NIA, from Atrrrof, 'thin,' and 
'v/aiv, 'a membrane.' Thinness, delicacy of mem- 
brane. 
LEPTOMER'IA, from Xcrrrof, 'thin, fine,' and 
pepos, ' a part.' Fineness, delicacy of bodily for- 
mation. 
LEPTONTIQUES, Attenuants. 
507 
LEUCOIUM 
LEPTOPIIONIA, Oxyphonia. 
LEPTOSPERMUM LEUCADENDRUM, 
Melaleuca cajaputi. 
LEPTOTHRIX, Leptotrichus. 
LEPTOT'RICHUS, Leptothrix, from Xcirroy, 
'fine,' and Spit;, 'hair.' One who has fine hair. 
LEPTOTROPH'IA, Microtroph'ia, Microtra- 
pez'ia, from Xrjrroy, ' light,' and rpoipii, ' nourish- 
ment.' Light nutrition. 
LEPTYNSIS, Emaciation. 
LEPTYNTICA, Attenuants. 
LEPTYSMOS, Emaciation. 
LEREMA, see Dementia. 
LERESIS, see Dementia. 
LERUS, Delirium, see Dementia. 
LE'SION, La'sio, from lasus, 'hurt,' 'injured.' 
Derangement, disorder; any morbid change, either 
in the exercise of functions or in the texture of 
organs. Organic lesion is synonymous with or- 
ganic disease. 
LESSIVE, Lixivium. 
LESSIVE DES SAVONNIERS, Liquor po- 
tass®. Also, a solution of caustic soda in water, 
containing about 3 parts of soda to 8 of water. 
LESSIVE DE TAR THE, Liquor potass® 
subcarbonatis. 
LETALITAS, Mortality. 
LETHALIS, Lethiferous, Mortal. 
LETHALITAS, Mortality. 
LETHAR'GIC, Lethar'gicus, Veterno'sus, (F.) 
Llthargique. Relating to lethargy; affected with 
lethargy. 
LETHARGIQUE, Lethargic. 
LETH'ARGY, Lethar'gia, Lethar'gus, Carns 
lethargus, Veter'nus, Obliv'io iners, from Xrfin, 
'oblivion,' and apyia, 'idleness.' A constant state 
of stupor from which it is almost impossible to 
arouse the individual; and, if aroused, he speedily 
relapses into his former condition. 
LE'THEON, from Xr/dn, 'oblivion.' A name 
given by some to sulphuric ether, when inhaled 
as an anaesthetic agent. 
LETHIF'EROUS, Le'thifer, Letha'lis, Lethif'- 
icus, Mor'tifer, Mortif'erous, from Xydrj, ' death,' 
and ' I bear.' Death-bearing; deadly. 
LETHUM, Death. 
LETTUCE, Lactuca-1. Blue, Mulgedium acu- 
minatum- 1. False, Mulgedium Floridanum - 1. 
Indian, see Calumba-1. Strong-scented, Lactuca 
virosa - 1. White, Nabalus albus - 1. Wild, Lac- 
tuca elongata. 
LETUM, Death. 
LEUCADES, see Sclerotic. 
LEUCAS'MIA, Lenka'mia, from Xcvkoj,'white, 
and 'aipa, 'blood.' A condition of the blood in 
which it is deficient in colouring matter. 
LEUCJETHIOPIA, see Albino. 
LEUCJETHIOPS, Albino. 
LEUCANIA, Laucania. 
LEUCANTHEMUM, Anthemis nobilis, Matri- 
caria chamomilla - 1. Vulgare, Chrysanthemum 
leucanthemum. 
LEUCE, Lepra (of the Jews.) 
LEUCELECTRUM, Succinum (album.) 
LEUCITIS, Sclerotitis. 
LEUCOCYTHxE'MIA, from Xtiucoy, 'white,' 
Kvrof, ' cell,' and 'aipa, ' blood.' A condition of 
the blood, which consists in a superabundant 
development of the white corpuscles, a disease 
which has been observed at times to be accom- 
panied by enlargement of the spleen and liver, 
and at others by increased size of the lymphatic 
glands. 
LEUCODENDROX, Melaleuca cajaputi. 
LEUCCEXUS, see Wine. 
LEUCOIUM, Lunaria rediviva - 1. Luteum, 
Cheiranthus cheiri. LEUCOLEIN 
LEUCOLEIN, Leukoleinum. 
LEUCO'MA, from Xivkos, 'white.' Oculo'rum 
albu'go, Leucom' ma, Leuco'sis, Albu'go, Al'bula, 
Ceratoleuco'ma, Ephel'otes. Leucoma and Al- 
bugo are often used synonymously to denote a 
white opacity of the cornea. Both are essentially 
different from nebula of the cornea; nebula being 
usually the result of chronic ophthalmy and an 
effusion of a milky serum into the texture of the 
delicate continuation of the conjunctiva over the 
cornea; - the others are the result of violent, 
acute ophthalmia. In this state, a thick, coagu- 
lable lymph is extravasated from the arteries, 
sometimes superficially, at other times deeply 
into the substance of the cornea. On other occa- 
sions, the disease consists of a firm, callous cica- 
trix on this membrane,-the effect of a wound or 
ulcer with loss of substance. The affection is 
more difficult of cure in proportion to its duration 
and to the age of the individual; the activity of 
the absorbents being greater in youth. If inflam- 
mation still exist, antiphlogistics must be perse- 
vered in, and, afterwards, gentle stimulants be 
used to excite absorption; along with the in- 
ternal use of mercury or iodine. 
Leucoma, Albumen - 1. Margaritaceum, see 
Margaritaceus. 
LEUCOMMA, Leucoma. 
LEUCOMORIA, Cuttubuth. 
LEUCONECRO'SIS, from Xctixo;,, 'white,' and 
f>«paxn5, ' death. A form of dry gangrene,-the 
opposite in appearance to anthraconeerosis. 
LEUC0NYMPH2EA, Nymphaea alba. 
LEUCOPATIIIA, see Albino, Chlorosis. 
LEUCOPHAGTUM, Blanc-manger. 
LEUCOPHLEGMASIA, Leucophlegmatia-1. 
Dolens puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
LEUCOPHLEGMA'TIA, Leucophlegmasia, 
Hydrops leucophlegma'tias, Tumescen'tia pitui- 
to'sa, from Xcvkos, 'white,' and qXtypa, 'phlegm.' 
A dropsical habit. Some writers use the word 
synonymously with anasarca and oedema; others 
with emphysema. 
Leucophlegmatia 2Ethiopum, Chthonopha- 
gia. 
LEUCOPIPER, Piper album. 
LEUCOPYRIA, Hectic fever. 
LEUCORRHEE, Leucorrhcea. 
LEUCORRIICE'A, Fluxus vel Fluor mulie'bris, 
Proflu' vium mulie'bre, Cursus matri'cis, Fluxus 
matri'cis, Elytri'tis, Coleosi'tis, Colpi'tis, Destil- 
la'tio u'teri, Fluxio alba, F. Vul'vce, Ulcus u'teri, 
Catar'rhns genita'lium, Hysterorrhas'a muco'sa, 
Catame'nia alba, Menses albi, Men'strua alba, 
Menorrhag"ia alba, Fluor mulie'bris non Gal'li- 
cus, Blennelyt'ria, Gonorrhea'a benig'na notha in- 
vetera'ta, Purga'tio mulie'bris alba, Alba purga- 
men'ta, Cachex'ia uteri'na, Rheuma u'teri, U'teri 
Cory'za, Medorrhoe'a femina'rum insons, Blen- 
norrhoe'a seu Blennorrhag" ia genita'lium, Midoeo- 
blennorrhoe'a seu Medoblennorrhoe'a femina'rum ; 
The whites; (F.) Fleurs ou Flueurs blanches, 
Pertes blanches, Ecoulement blanc, Catarrhs uti- 
rin, Perte uterine blanche, from Xevicof, ' white,' 
and pew, ' I flow.' A more or less abundant dis- 
charge of a white, yellowish, or greenish mucus; 
resulting from acute or chronic inflammation or 
from irritation of the membrane lining the genital 
organs of the female. Vag"inal Leucorrhcea has 
been termed Blennorrhoea seu Fluor albus vagi'- 
n<B, Leucorrhoe'a, Medorrhoe'a vagina, Vagini'tis, 
Elyti oblennorrhce'a, Colporrhoe'a. - Uterine Leu- 
corrhoea has received the names Fluor albus uteri, 
Leucorrhoe'a seu Medorrhoe'a uteri, Metroblennor- 
rhoe'a, ZF.) Leucorrhee uterine, Catarrhe uterin. 
It is often attended with pain and a sense of 
weaviness in the loins, abdomen and thighs; dis- 
508 
LEVATOR 
ordered digestive functions, &c., so that, at times, 
the health suffers largely, although there are few 
females who are not occasionally subject to mode- 
rate leucorrhcea. Attention to the general health, 
change of air, keeping up a perspirable state of 
the surface by flannel worn next the skin, the 
horizontal posture, &c., do more than pharma- 
ceutical agents; which are almost entirely con- 
fined to astringent injections. These may be 
employed, when the discharge is so great as to 
require them. 
Leucorrhcea Analis, see Hsemorrhois - 1. 
Nabothi, see Parturition. 
LEUCORRHOIS, see Hacmorrhois. 
LEUCO'SES; from Aciucoy, 'white.' In the 
nosology of M. Alibert, all the diseases of the 
lymphatic apparatus. The 7th family in his JVb- 
sologie. In that of Fuchs, it is a family of dis- 
eases, (G.) Leukosen, which includes the va- 
rious forms of anaemia. 
Leucosis, Leucoma, Paleness. 
LEUK or LOCCHE, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Saline, chalybeate waters, about six leagues 
distant from Sion. They contain chloride of so- 
dium, with a little sulphate of magnesia; sul- 
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, carbonic 
acid, and protoxide of iron. 
LEUKAJMIA, Leucaemia. 
LEUKOLEIN'UM, Chinolein'um, Leukol, 
Leu'coleine, Leu'colein, Chi'nolein, Chi'nolin. 
This substance is the product of the dry distilla- 
tion of coal; mixed with picolin, anilin and other 
substances, in mineral tar. It is procured, also, 
by heating quinia, cinchqnia and strychnia, with 
as concentrated a ley of potassa as can be made. 
Its specific gravity is 1.081; and it is slightly 
soluble in water, and miscible in all proportions 
with alcohol, ether and essential oils. 
LEVAIN, Ferment. 
LEVA'TOR AN'GULI ORIS, Abdu'cens la- 
bio'rum, Eleva'tor labiorum commu'nis, Cani'nus, 
(F.) Sus maxillo-labial, Petit sus-maxillo-labial 
(Ch.), Muscle canin. A small, flat, long, quadri- 
lateral muscle, which arises from the fossa ca- 
nina, and is inserted at the commissure of the 
lips, where it is confounded with the triangularis. 
It raises the corner of the mouth, and draws it 
towards the ear. 
Levator Ani, Levator magnus seu internits, 
Latus ani, Eleva'tor ani, Sedem attol'lens, (F.) 
Pubio-coccygien annulaire, Sous pubio-coccygien 
(Ch.), lleleveur de I'anus. A muscle, situate at 
the lower part of the pelvis. It is broad, flat, 
quadrilateral, and broader above than below. It 
represents a kind of membranous partition, which 
closes the outlet of the pelvis, and the upper 
concavity of which is opposed to that of the dia- 
phragm. It is attached, above, to the posterior 
surface of the body of the pubis, to the upper 
part of the obdurator foramen, and to the spine 
of the ischium; and is inserted into the coccyx, 
into an aponeurotic line common to it and its 
fellow, and into the lateral parts of the rectum. 
This muscle supports the rectum; raises it, and 
carries it upwards during the evacuation of the 
excrement. It can, also, compress the bladder 
and vesiculae seminales, and thus favour the ex- 
pulsion of the urine and sperm. 
Levator Ani Parvus, Transversus perinea- 
1. Auris, Attollens aurem - 1. Coccygis, Coccy- 
geus. 
Levator Glan'dula? Tyroi'dejE. A muscle 
occasionally found connected with the upper bor- 
der or isthmus of the thyroid gland; and attached 
superiorly to the body of the os hyoides, or to the 
thyroid cartilage. 
Levator Menti, Levator labii inferioris - L LEVATOR 
Oculi, Rectus superior oculi - 1. Proprius sca- 
pulas, L. scapulae. 
Levator Labii Inferio'ris, Levator menti, 
Elevator labii inferio'ris, Incisi'vus infe'rior, 
Elevator labii inferioriq pro'prius, Mus'culus pe- 
nicilla'tus, (F.) Houppe du menton, Releveur de 
la livre inferieur, Ueleveur du menton. A portion 
of the mento-labial of Chaussier. A small muscle 
situate before the symphysis menti. It is thick, 
conical; and attached by its apex to a fossette at 
the side of the symphysis in the inferior maxil- 
lary bone. Its fibres proceed diverging and van- 
ishing in the manner of a tuft, (F.) Houppe, on 
the skin of the chin. This muscle raises the 
chin, and pushes upwards the lower lip. 
Levator Labii Superio'ris Alaque Nasi, 
Incisi'vus latera'lis et pyramida'lis, (F.) Grand 
sue-maxillo-labial (Ch.,) Elevateur commun de 
Vaile du nez et de la levre superieure. This mus- 
cle is a fleshy, thin, triangular bundle, situate at 
the sides of the nose. It arises from the ascend- 
ing process of the superior maxillary bone: thence 
its fibres descend in a diverging manner, a part 
being inserted into the ala of the nose, and a part 
losing themselves in the upper lip. This muscle 
raises the upper lip and ala nasi, which it draws 
a little outwards. 
Levator Labii Superioris Proprius, Mus'- 
culus incisi'vus, Elevator labii superioris pro- 
prius, (F.) Moyen sus-maxillo-labial, (Ch.,) Or- 
bito-maxillo-labial. This thin, flat, quadrilateral 
muscle is situate at the middle and inner part of 
the face. It arises from the os malaj and the os 
maxillare superius, and is inserted into the upper 
lip, which it raises, at the same time carrying it 
a little outwards. 
Levator Pala'ti, Levator Palati Mollis, Petro- 
sal pin' go-staphyli' nus, Salpin' go-staphyli' nus in- 
ter'nus, Salpingo-staphylinus, Pter'ygo-staphyli- 
tius externus, Spheno-stapbylinus, Spheno-palati' - 
nus, Peristaphylinus internus superior, Petro-sta- 
phylin, (Ch.) This muscle is long, narrow, and 
almost round above ; broader and flatter infe- 
riorly. It arises from the lower surface of the 
pars petrosa; from the cartilage of the Eusta- 
ehian tube; and is inserted into the substance of 
the velum palati. Its use is to raise the velum 
palati. 
Levator Pal'pebra: Superio'ris, Palpebra 
superioris primus, Apertor Oc'uli, Ape'riens Pal- 
pebra'rum rectus, Reclu'sor palpebra'rum, (F.) 
Orbito - palpebral (Ch.), Orbito - sus - palpebral, 
Elevateur de la paupilre superieure. A long, 
small, thin muscle, situate at the upper part of 
the orbitar cavity. By its posterior extremity it 
is inserted into the little ala of the sphenoid bone, 
immediately in front of the foramen opticum, and, 
by its anterior extremity, which is expanded, it 
terminates at the upper margin of the tarsal car- 
tilage of the eyelid. This muscle raises the 
upper eyelid, draws it backwards, and sinks it 
into the orbit. 
Levator Pros'tata:, (F.) Releveur de la pros- 
tate. Santorini has given this name to the ante- 
rior fibres of the levator ani, which embrace the 
prostate. 
Levator Scap'ula:, Eleva'tor scaptdce, Eleva- 
tor scu Mus'culus Patien'tice, Angula'ris vulgo 
Levator pro'prius, - (F.) Trachelo - scapulaire 
(Ch.), Angulaire de Vomoplate, Releveur de I'omo- 
plate. This muscle is so called, because it is 
attached to the upper and internal angle of the 
scapula. It is situate at the posterior and lateral 
part of the neck, and at the upper part of the 
back. It is long, flat, and broader above than 
below. In this latter direction, it is inserted into 
the superior internal angle of the scapula; and, 
in the former, into the tops of the transverse pro- 
509 
LIATRIS 
cesses of the first four cervical vertebrae. It de- 
presses the prominence of the shoulder, by raising 
the posterior angle of the scapula, on which it 
impresses a kind of rotary motion. It can, also, 
draw the head to one side. 
Levator Ure'thra:, (F.) Releveur de I'Uri- 
thre. Santorini describes under this name a 
portion of the transversus perinaei muscle. 
LEVATORES COSTARUM, Supracostales. 
LEVEN, Ferment. 
LEVER, from levare, ' to lift up.' Vectis, 
Mochlus, Porrec'tum. An inflexible rod, turning 
round a fixed point, and used for moving bodies, 
bearing burdens, or raising them. The point on 
which the lever moves is called the Fulcrum, Hy- 
pomoch'lion. The force which moves the lever 
is called the power; and the weight to be moved, 
the resistance. There are three kinds of levers. 
A lever of the first kind has the fulcrum between 
the power and resistance. A lever of die second 
kind has the resistance between the fulcrum and 
power; whilst a lever of the third kind has the 
power between the fulcrum and resistance. In 
the locomotive system of the human body, we 
have examples of all the three kinds. The bones 
represent levers; the muscles of locomotion are 
powers ; the weight of parts to be moved consti- 
tutes the resistance. The fulcra are, at times, 
the joints; at others, the ground, <fcc. The head 
moves on the neck, as a lever of the first kind; 
the first cervical vertebra forming the fulcrum. 
We rise on tiptoe by a lever of the second kind, 
the fulcrum being the ground under the toes; 
and we have examples of a lever of the third 
kind in the flexion of the fore-arm on the arm, in 
the elevation of the arm, <tc. 
Lever, Hystero-moch'lium, Mochlis'cus, Vectis 
obstetric" ius, Vectis, (F.) Levier, is an instrument 
curved at the extremity, and having a fenestra. 
It is used to assist the extraction of the child's 
head, when instrumental aid is necessary. Le- 
vers are, also, used by the dentist for extracting 
stumps, <fcc. The Levier de I'Ecluse, Langue de 
Carpe, Trivelin or Punch, is employed for ex- 
tracting the molar teeth. 
LEVI'ATHAN PENIS, Pria'pus Ceti, Bale'- 
nas. The penis of the whale. This singular me- 
dicine was, at one time, given, in powder, in 
cases of dysentery and leucorrhcea. 
LEVIER, Lever-L de I'Ecluse, see Lever. 
LEVIGA'TION, Laviga'tio, from lae vigcire, 
(Joevis, 'smooth,') 'to polish.' Porphyriza'tion. 
An operation, by which bodies are reduced to 
very fine powder. It is performed by putting 
substances, already pulverized, into water; the 
coarser parts are not long in being deposited, 
whilst the finer molecules remain suspended in 
the water. The liquor is decanted into another 
vessel, and suffered to remain at rest, until the 
fine particles are collected at the bottom. The 
fluid part is then separated by decantation. 
LEVISTICUM, Ligusticum levisticum. 
LEVRE, Lip. 
LE VRES GRANDES, Labia pudendi-I. Be- 
tites, Nymph as-I. de la Vulve, Labia pudendi. < 
LEVURE, Yest-I. de la Biire, Yest. 
LEXIPHARMACUS, Alexipharmic. 
LEXIPYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
LEY, Lixivium, Lye-1. Soap, Liquor potassaj. 
LEYS'SERA GNAPHALOI'DES. A South 
African plant, Nat. Ord. Compositae, which is 
emollient, and highly recommended at the Cape, 
in catarrh, cough, and even in phthisis. 
LIZARD, Lizard. 
LIA'TRIS SPICA'TA, Gayfeather, Button 
snakeroot. An indigenous plant, growing in 
meadows and moist grounds in the middlo°and LIBANOTIS 
southern states. Its beautiful purple compound 
flowers are in a spike. They appear in August. 
The root has been considered diuretic. 
Lia'tris Scario'sa and L. Squarro'sa, Throat- 
wort, Sow-wort, Backache root, Devilsbite, Blaz- 
ing star, Prairie pines, Hough root, are called, 
from their reputed powers in bites from the rat- 
tlesnake, Battlesnake's master. The roots, bruised, 
are applied to the wound, and the decoction, in 
milk, is given internally. 
LIBANOTIS ANNUA, Athamanta cretensis 
- 1. Coronaria, Rosmarinus - 1. Cretensis, Atha- 
manta cretensis-1. Hirsute, Athamanta cretensis. 
LIBANOTUS, see Juniperus lycia. 
LIBANUS, Juniperus lycia. 
LIBER PHARMACEUTICUS, Dispensato- 
rium. 
LIBIDINIS SEDES, Clitoris. 
LIBIDINOSUS, Libidinous. 
LIBID'INOUS, Libidino'bus; Lasci'vus, Ve- 
neriv'agns ; from libido, 'lust.' Lewd; lustful. 
LIBI'DO. Desire, necessity. Authors speak 
of Libido uri'na, Libido intesti'ni. Some employ 
it synonymously with Prurigo; others, with Sa- 
lac"itas, Lubi'do, Hi'meros. 
LIBOS, from \ci0w, 'I distil.' A defluxion 
from the eyes.- Galen. 
LIBRA, Pound. 
LICHANOS, Index, see Digitus. 
LICHEN, or bi%r)v, (pronounced li'ken,) 
Exor'mia Lichen, Leichen, Serpi'go, Volat'ica, 
Pap'ula, P. sicca, Peti'go, Pustula sicca, Sca'- 
bies sicca, S. a'gria, Licheni'asis adulto'rum, Li'- 
chenous rash, (F.) Gale seche, Dartre furfuracee 
volante, Poussee. The cutaneous affection de- 
scribed under this name by the Greek writers, is 
not clearly defined. Some have believed it to be 
Impetigo, but this is doubtful. The name is, now, 
generally applied to a diffuse eruption of red 
pimples, accompanied by a troublesome sense of 
tingling or pricking. Drs. Willan and Bateman 
define it, - " an extensive eruption of papulae 
affecting adults, connected with internal disor- 
der, usually terminating in scurf; recurrent, not 
contagious." One of their varieties, however, 
the Lichen Tropicus, does not accord well with 
this definition; for it affects children as well as 
adults, and is unconnected with internal disorder. 
Lichen A'grius, Exor'mia Lichen ferns, Pap'- 
ula a'gria, is distinguished by pimples in clusters 
or patches, surrounded by a red halo; the cuticle 
growing gradually harsh, thickened, and chappy, 
often preceded by general irritation. In addition 
to antiphlogistics, a cooling ointment may be 
used, to allay itching. 
Lichen Barbatus Plicatvs, L. plicatus. 
Lichen Circumscrip'tus is characterized by 
clusters or patches of papulae, having a well de- 
fined margin, and an irregularly circular form: 
continuing for six or eight weeks. These varie- 
ties require but little medical treatment. The 
antiphlogistic plan is all that is necessary. 
Lichen Liv'idus. The papulae have a dark 
red or livid hue, without any fever. They are 
more permanent in this variety. It requires the 
mineral acids and bark. 
Lichen Pila'ris, Exor'mia Lichen pilaris, is 
merely a modification of the preceding; the pa- 
pulae appearing at the roots of the hair. 
Lichen Simplex, Exor'mia Lichen simplex, 
consists of an eruption of red papulae, appearing 
first on the face or arms, and afterwards extend- 
ing over the body ; preceded for a few days by 
slight febrile irritation, which usually ceases when 
the eruption appears, - with an unpleasant sense 
of tingling during the night. It generally dies 
away in ten days or a fortnight. 
Lichen Trop'icus, Exormia Lichen tropicus, 
510 
LICHEN 
Eczes'ma, Es'sera (?), Sudam'ina (?), Prickly 
Heat, Summer Rash. The pimples are bright 
red, and of the size of a small pin's head; with 
heat, itching, and pricking, as if by needles. It 
is local; produced by excessive heat; and disap- 
pears when the weather becomes cooler, or the 
individual is inured to the climate. 
Lichen Urtica'tus, Exor'mia Lichen urtico1- 
sus, is another variety. The Nettle Lichen con- 
sists of papulae, accompanied by wheals like those 
of nettle rash. 
Lichen Arborum, Lichen pulmonarius - I. 
Blanc, de Neige, L. caninus - I. Boitier, L. pyxi- 
datus. 
Lichen Caninus, seu spu'rius seu terres'- 
tris seu veno'sus seu drier'eus t err es'tris, Muscus 
cani'nus, Phys'da niva'lis, Peltig"era cani'na, 
Peltid'ea cani'na seu leucorrhi' za seu mala'cea 
seu amplis'sima seu spu'ria, Ash-coloured Ground 
Liverwort, (F.) Lichen contre-rage, Lichen blanc 
de neige. This cryptogamous plant was, for a 
long time, considered capable of preventing and 
curing Babies canina. It has, also, been used in 
mania and in spasmodic asthma. 
Lichen Cinereus Terrestris, L. caninus-1. 
Carrageen, Fucus crispus-1. Cocciferus, L. pyxi- 
datus - l.contre Page, L. caninus - I. Entonnoir, 
L. pyxidatus-1. Eryngifolius, L. islandicus - 1. 
Floridus hirtus, L. plicatus - 1. Hirtus, L. pli- 
catus. 
Lichen Islan'dicus, L. eryngifo'lius, Liche- 
noi'des Itland'icum, Loba'ria Islan'dica, Muscut 
Islandicus, M. cathar'ticus, Clado'nia Islan'dica, 
Phys'cia Islandica, Cetra'ria Islandica ; Parme'- 
lia Islan'dica, Iceland Lichen or Liverwort or 
Moss, (F.) Lichen d'Islande. This plant is ino- 
dorous, with a bitter and mucilaginous taste. It 
is esteemed to be tonic, demulcent, and nutrient. 
Dose, 5j to ivg, being first steeped in water hold- 
ing in solution some carbonate of potassa to ex- 
tract the bitter, and then boiled in milk. A bit- 
ter principle has been extracted from it, termed 
Cetrarin, Cetrari'num, Cetra'rium, which has 
been given in intermittents. 
Lichen Laciniatus, L. saxatilis. 
Lichen Plica'tus seu hirtus seu barba'tus pli- 
ca'tus seu Floridus hirtus, Parme'lia plica'ta, Us'- 
uea plica'ta seu Flor'ida hirta seu hirta, Muscut 
arbo'reus seu albus seu quernus, Querci'ni Herba. 
This plant is applied, by the Laplanders, as an 
astringent, to bleeding vessels; and to parts 
which are excoriated after long journeys. 
Lichen Pulmona'rius, Lichen ar'borum seu 
reticula'tut, Parme'lia pulmona'cea, Reticula'ria, 
officina'lis, Muscus pulmonarius querci'nus, Pul- 
mona'ria arbo're, Loba'ria pulmonaria, Sticta 
pulmona'cea, Oak Lungs, Tree Lungwort, Hazel 
Crottles, (F.) Lichen pulmonaire. This plant is 
sub-astringent, and rather acid. It was once in 
high repute for curing diseases of the lungs. 
Lichen Pyxida'tus, Muscus Pyxida'tus, Scy- 
phoph'orus pyxida'tus, Mus'culus pyxoi'des ter- 
res'tris, Lichen pyxida'tus major, Lichen coccif- 
erus, Herba Ignis, Cup Moss, (F.) Lichen enton- 
noir, Lichen Boitier, L. Pyxide. This plant is 
sub-astringent, and has been used in decoction in 
hooping-cough. 
Lichen Reticulatus, L. pulmonarius. 
Lichen Roccel'la, Parme'lia roccel'la, Roc- 
cella, R. tincto'ria, Seta'ria roccella, Litmus, 
Lacmus tincto'rius, Orchill, Cana'ry Archell, 
Chinney Weed, Herb Archell, (F.) Orseille. 
The chief use of this plant is as a blue dye. It 
has been employed to allay cough in phthisis, <tc. 
Lichen Saxat'ilis, L. tincto'rius seu lacinia'- 
tut, Parme'lia saxat'ilis, Imbrica'ria saxat'ilis, 
Loba'ria saxat'ilis, Muscus Cra'nii huma'ni, Ut- 
nca. This moss, when found growing on a human LICilENIASIS 
skull, was formerly in high estimation against 
head affections, Ac. 
Lichen Spurius, L. caninus-1. Stellatus, 
Marchantia polymorpha-1. Tinctorius, L. Saxa- 
tilis. 
LICHENIASIS ADULTORUM, Lichen -1. 
Strophulus, Strophulus. 
LICHENOIDES ISLANDICUM, Lichen Is- 
landicus. 
LICORICE, Glycyrrhiza. 
LIEBENSTEIN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters, situated in the duchy of Saxe-Mei- 
ningen, are amongst the strongest acidulous cha- 
lybeates in Germany. They contain sulphate of 
soda, chloride of sodium, sulphate of lime, chlo- 
ride of calcium, .carbonate of lime, chloride of 
magnesium, and carbonate of iron. 
LIEBERKUHN'S GLANDS or FOLLI- 
CLES, so called from their first deseriber, are 
fine, capillary, blind sacs, the openings of which 
are from l-2Oth to l-30th of a line in diameter, so 
closely placed over the whole of the small intes- 
tine as to give the mucous membrane a general 
sieve like or perforated appearance. They se- 
crete the succus entericiu. 
LIEBER SCHE AUSZEHRUNG'S KRAU- 
TER, see Galeopsis grandiflora - 1. Brust- 
k r a u t e r, see Galeopsis grandiflora. 
LIEBWERDA, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Liebwerda is a Bohemian village, near the Sile- 
sian frontier. The springs are much frequented. 
There are four, all of which are rich in carbonic 
acid and contain but little saline matter. 
LlfiGE, Suber. 
LIEN (F.), Vin'culum. A band, strap or gar- 
ter, used in certain operations; as to tie patients 
during the operation of lithotomy ; to fix the ap- 
paratus in fracture, <tc. Also, the spleen. 
LIEN ACCESSORIUS, Lienculus-1. Ingens, 
Splenoncus-1. Succenturiatus, Lienculus. 
LIEN'CULUS, diminutive of lien, 'spleen.' 
Lien succenturia'tus seu accesso'rius. A super- 
numerary spleen. 
LIENOSUS, Splenie. 
LI'ENTERY, Lienter'ia, from Attoj, 'smooth,' 
and tvrtpov, ' intestine.' Lob'vitas seu Lax'itas 
intest i no' rum, Diarrhoe'a lienter'ia, Fluxus Lien- 
ter'icus, Chymorrhce'a seu Lax'itas ingesto'rum, 
Bromatoec'crisis, Diarrhoe'a Dyspep'tica, D. cum 
apepsid, D. Ingesto'rum, Slip'periness of the Guts. 
Frequent liquid evacuations, the food only half 
digested. This condition is always symptomatic 
of great irritation in the intestinal canal, the 
sensibility of which is so much augmented that 
it cannot bear the sojourn of the food in it. 
LIERRE, Hedera helix-I. Terrestre,Glechomti 
hederacea. 
LIFE, Sax. lip, 1 yp, Vita, Bios, Bi'ote, Zoe, 
Pneuma, Spir'itus, (F.) Vie. The state of organ- 
ized beings, during which, owing to the union of 
an unknown principle with matter, they are ca- 
pable of performing functions different from those 
that regulate other natural bodies; all of which 
functions, however numerous and diversified, 
work to one end. Life has only a limited dura- 
tion ; beyond which, - the organic functions 
ceasing to be executed,-the body is given up to 
the agency of chemical affinity. Hence Bichat 
has defined life to be - the aggregate of the func- 
tions which resist death. On account of the dif- 
ference that exists among the vital functions, he 
has applied the term Organic Life to the functions 
"□servient to composition and decomposition; - 
as digestion, respiration, circulation, calorifica- 
tion, absorption, secretion, and nutrition; and 
Animal Life, to the functions which connect man 
511 
LIGAMENT 
and animals with external bodies; as the under- 
standing, sensations, locomotion and voice. 
Life, duration of, see Longevity -1. Ever- 
lasting, Gnaphalium margaritaceum - 1. Ever- 
lasting, sweet-scented, Gnaphalium polycepha- 
lum-1. Expectation of, see Longevity. 
Life-Insu'rance. A contract entered into, 
usually by an insurance company, to pay a cer- 
tain sum of money on a person's death, on the V 
condition of his paying an annual premium 
during his life. The medical practitioner may 
be applied to to certify that the life of the insurer 
is one that is insurable according to the rules of 
the company. 
Life, Value of, see Longevity, and Mortality. 
Life's Blood, Cillo. 
LIG'AMENT, Ligamen'tum; from ligare, 'to 
bindDesmos, Syndes' mos, Colliga'men, Cop'ula. 
A name given to fibrous structures, which serve 
to unite bones, and to form articulations; hence 
the division into interosseous and articular liga- 
ments. They are of a white, close texture; are 
but little extensible, and difficult to break. The 
name ligament has, also, been given to any mem- 
branous fold, which retains an organ in its situa- 
tion. 
Table of the Principal Ligaments. 
1. Of the Lower Jaw. ■ 
Capsular ligament. 
Suspensory ligament of the 
styloglossus. 
Lateral ligament. 
Two capsular ligaments be- 
tween atlas and head. 
Circular ligament. 
Two capsular between atlas 
and axis. 
Perpendicular ligament. 
Two lateral or moderator liga- ( 
merits. 
Transverse ligament and ita 
appendices. 
2. Connecting the 
Head with the first 
and second Verte-- 
bras, and these with 
each other. 
Anterior common. 
Crucial interverteb al. 
Ligaments running from the 
edge of the bony arch anti 
spinous process of one ver- 
tebra to that of the next. 
Interspinous ligament. 
Ligamentum nuchte. 
Intertransverse. 
Capsular. 
Posterior or internal common. 
3. Of the other Verte- 
bra. 
Capsular of the heads of ribs. 
Capsular of the tubercles. 
Ligamenta transversaria in- 
terna. 
Ligamenta transversaria ex- 
terna. 
Ligamenta cervicis costarum 
externa. 
Ligamentous fibres running 
from the margins of the ex- 
tremities of the ribs to the 
corresponding cartilages. 
Radiated ligaments from carti 
lage of ribs to the sternum. 
Capsular ligaments of the carti- 
lages of the ribs. 
Proper membrane of sternum. 
L. of cartilago-ensi formis. 
Tendinous expansions over the 
intercostales, &c. 
4. Of the Ribs, Ster- 
num, <Sj-c. 
Two transverse,-one superior, 
one inferior. 
Ilio-sacral. 
Capsular of the sacro-iliac gyn 
cliondrosis. 
Two sacro ischiatic, - poste 
rior and anterior, with the 
superior and inferior appen- 
dices. 
Longitudinal of os coccygts 
Inguinal ligament. 
Capsular of symphysis pubis. 
Ligament of foramen tliyiol- 
deum. 
5. Of the Pelvis. LIGAMENT 
"Radiated ligament 
Capsular. 
Iriterclavicular. 
Ligamentum rhomboideum. 
Claviculo-acromial. 
Conoid. 
Trapezoid. 
512 
LIGAMENTOUS 
Long, oblique, and rhomboid 
forming the inferior liga- 
ments. 
Superior superficial, interosse- 
ous and inferior transverse 
ligaments, fixing the os navi- 
culare and os cuboides. 
Superior lateral, and plantar, 
which fix the os naviculare 
and cuneiform. 
Superior superficial and plan- 
tar, connecting the os cu- 
boides. and os cuneiforme 
externum. 
Dorsal and plantar, uniting the 
ossa cuneiforniia. 
The proper capsular of each 
bone. 
6. Of the Clavicle. 
7. Of the Scapula. 
8. Of the Shoulder- 
Joint. 
Anterior triangular. 
Proper posterior. 
22. Of the Tarsus. 
Capsular. 
' Capsular. 
Brachio-ulnar. 
Brachio-radial. 
Coronary of the radius. 
Anterior and posterior acces- 
sory. 
Intermuscular of the os hu- 
, meri. 
9. Of the Elbow-Joint. ■ 
Capsular. 
Dorsal,plantar, lateral, straight, 
oblique, and transverse. 
10. Carpal Extremity 
of Radius and Ulna,, 
and between those' 
bones. 
f Interosseous ligament. 
I Oblique or chorda transversalis 
I cubiti. 
I, Capsular. 
23. Between Tarsus 
and Metatarsus. 
Dorsal, plantar, and lateral, 
connecting the metatarsal 
bones. 
Transverse ligaments 
11. Between Fore-arm 
and Wrist. 
Capsular. 
Two lateral. 
Mucous. 
24. Connecting the 
Metatarsal Bones, 
"Annular. 
Capsular. 
Short ligaments, - oblique, 
transverse, capsular, and 
„ proper. 
25. Of the Phalanges 
of the Toes, 
Capsular. 
Lateral. 
12. Of the Carpus. 
Annular. 
Vaginal of the tendons of the 
peronei. 
Laciniated. 
Vaginal of the tendon of the 
flexor longus pollicis. 
Vaginal and crucial of the ten- 
dons of the flexors of the 
toes. 
Accessory of the flexor tendons 
of the toes. 
Transverse of the extensor ten- 
dons. 
13. Between Carpal 
and Metacarpal 
bones. 
f Articular lateral. 
f Straight, perpendicular, &c. 
26. Retaining the 
Tendons of the 
Muscles of the Foot, 
and Toes in situ. 
14. Between the extre-( 
mities of the Meta-< 
carpal bones. ( 
Interosseous, at the bases and 
heads, - dorsal, lateral, pal- 
mar. 
15. M the base of the 
Metacarpal bone of 
the Thumb, and at ' 
the first joint of the | 
fingers. 
I Capsular. 
'"Lateral. 
Ligament, Anterior, of the Bladder. A 
name given by the older anatomists to a por- 
tion of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, which 
becomes attached to the front of the neck of the 
bladder. 
LIGAMENT ARTERIEL, Arterial ligament 
-1. Camper's, Perineal fascia-1. Cervical supra- 
spinal, see Supraspinosa ligamenta - I. Ciliaire, 
Ciliary ligament. 
Ligament, Cor'onary, of the Liver, is a re- 
flection formed by the peritoneum, between the 
posterior margin of the liver, and the lower sur- 
face of the diaphragm. See Falx. 
Ligament, Costo-xiphoid, Xiphoid ligament 
-1. Dorso-lumbo-supraspinal, see Supra-spinosa 
ligamenta-1. of Fallopius, Crural arch-1. Gim- 
bernat's, see Gimbernat's ligament - 1. Gloss- 
epiglottic, see Glossepiglottic - 1. Infra-pubian, 
Triangular ligament-I. Interepineux, Interspinal 
ligament-1. of the Ovary, see Ovarium-1. Pal- 
mar inferior, Metacarpal ligament-1. Poupart's, 
Crural arch-I. Rond, Ligamentum teres-I. Sur- 
ipineux cervical, see Supra-spinosa ligamenta- 
I. Sur-tpineux-dorso-lombaire, see Supraspinosa 
ligamenta. 
Ligament, Suspen'sory, of the Liver, Liga- 
men'tum latum, Suspenso'rinm He'patis, is a large 
triangular reflection, formed by the peritoneum 
between the superior surface of the liver and the 
diaphragm. It is constituted of two layers, and 
is continuous, below, with another reflection, 
called the Falx of the Umbilical Vein. See Falx. 
Ligament, Triangular, Perineal fascia. 
LIGAMENTA INTERLOBULARIA PUL- 
MONUM, Interlobular tissue - 1. Interverte- 
bralia, Intervertebral cartilages-1. Lata uteri, 
see Uterus - 1. Rotunda uteri, Round ligaments 
of the uterus-1. Tarsea lata, see Tarsea lata (li- 
gamenta). 
LIGAMENTEUX, Ligamentous. 
LIGAMENTOSUS, Ligamentous. 
LIGAMEN'TOUS, Ligamento'sus, Desmous, 
Eesmo'sus, (F.) Ligamentcux, Desmeux. Having 
the character, or relating to, a ligament. 
16. Of the first and! 
second joints of the | 
Thumb, and second J 
and third joints of 
the Fingers. J 
Capsular, 
i Lateral. 
17. Retaining the 
Tendons of the 
Muscles of the Hand ■ 
and Fingers in 
situ. 
' Annular. 
Vaginal or flexor tendons. 
Vaginal or crucial of the pha- 
langes. 
Accessory of the flexor ten- 
dons. 
Posterior annular. 
Vaginal of extensors. 
Transverse of extensors. 
18. Connecting the Os I 
Femoris with the Os< 
innominatum- 
Capsular and accessory slips. 
Round or teres ligament. 
Cartilaginous ligament. 
Double cartilaginous ligament. 
Ligamenta mucosa. 
Lateral, -internal and exter- 
nal. 
External short lateral liga- 
ment. 
Posterior ligament. 
Ligament of the patella. 
Capsular. 
Ligamentum alare, - majus et 
minus. 
Ligamentum mucosum. 
Two crucial, - anterior and 
posterior. 
Transverse. 
19. Of the Knee-Joint, > 
20. Connecting Fi- 
bula and Tibia. 
Capsular. 
Interosseous. 
Anterior superior. 
Posterior superior. 
Anterior ligament of the fibula. 
Posterior of fibula. 
Deltoides of tibia. 
Capsular. 
SI. Connecting the ) 
Tarsal with the ■< 
Leg Bones. i 
Capsular. 
Short ligaments. 
Capsular, broad superior, and 
lateral ligaments, connecting 
astragalus and naviculare. 
Superior, lateral, and inferior, 
fixing os catcis to os cu- 
boiaes. 
n. Of the Tarsus. LIGAMENTS 
LIGAMENTS, BROAD, OF THE UTERUS, 
Bee Uterus-I. Croiaea, Crucial ligaments, I. Cruci- 
formea, Crucial ligaments - I. Jaunea, Yellow 
ligaments - I. Larges de I'uttrus, see Uterus-1. 
of the Larynx, inferior, Thyreo-arytenoid liga- 
ments-I. Ronda de Vutfrut, Round ligaments of 
the uterus. 
LIGAMENTUM DENTATUM, Denticulatum 
ligamentum-l.Iridis,Ciliary ligament-l.Nuchae, 
Cervical ligament - 1. Posticum Winslowii, see 
Genu-1. Suspensorium hepatis, Suspensory liga- 
ment of the liver-1. Suspensorium testis, Guber- 
.naculum testis. 
LIGATIO, Fascia, Ligature-1. Linguae, Apho- 
lia. 
LIGATION, see Ligature. 
LIGATURA, Ligature, Fascia - 1. Glandis, 
Phimosis. 
LIG'ATURE, Ligatu'ra, Liga'tio, Alligatu'ra, 
Deliga' tio, Vinctu'ra, Fascia, Epid'esis, from ligo, 
' I bind.' This word has various acceptations. 
It means, 1. The thread with which an artery or 
vein is tied, to prevent or arrest hemorrhage. 
2. The cord, or thread, or wire, used for remov- 
ing tumours, Ac. 3. The bandage used for phle- 
botomy. Ligature is, also, sometimes applied to 
the act of tying an artery or considerable vessel 
-Liga'tion. When the artery alone is tied, the 
ligature is said to be immediate; when any of 
the surrounding parts are included, it is said to 
be mediate. The ligature occasions obliteration 
or adhesion of the arterial parietes, by cutting 
through the middle and internal coats; the adhe- 
sion being favoured by the formation of a coagu- 
lum, which acts, in some degree, as a barrier 
against the impulse of the blood, and subse- 
quently disappears by absorption. 
LIGHT, Sax. leohC, lihc, (G.) Licht - Lux, 
Lumen, Phos, (F.) Lumiire. An extremely rare 
fluid ; diffused over the universe; emanating from 
the sun and fixed stars; traversing more than 
four millions of leagues in a minute; passing 
through transparent bodies, which refract it ac- 
cording to their density and combustibility; and 
arrested by opake bodies, by which it is reflected 
at an angle equal to the angle of incidence. It 
is the cause of colour in all bodies, being entirely 
reflected by white surfaces and absorbed by black. 
It is decomposed in passing through a transpa- 
rent prism into seven rays-red, orange, yellow, 
green, blue, purple, and violet. 
Light acts upon the body as a gentle and salu- 
tary stimulus. It urges to exercise, whilst pri- 
vation of it induces sleep and inactivity, and dis- 
poses to obesity. Hence it is, that, in rural eco- 
nomy, animals which are undergoing the process 
of fattening are kept in obscurity. When vege- 
tables are deprived of light, their nutrition is in- 
terfered with, and they become etiolated. To a 
certain extent this applies to animals, and there 
is every reason to believe, that want of light pre- 
vents the due development of organized bodies. 
It has been found that, when tadpoles were de- 
prived of light, they did not undergo the perfect 
metamorphosis into the frog, but that monstrosi- 
ties from arrest of development were induced. 
LIGHTNING, Astrape. 
LIGHTS, RISING OF THE, Cynanche tra- 
chealis. 
LIGNE, Line - I. Apre, Linea aspera-I. 
Blanche, Linea alba-I. Courbe, Curved line-I. 
Midiane de I'abdomen, Linea alba - I. Soua-tro- 
chanttrienne, Linea aspera. 
LIGNIN, from Lignum, ' wood.' Ligneous or 
woody fibre; the fibrous structure of vegetable 
substances. 
LIGNUM ALOES, Agallochum-1. Aspalathi, 
Agallochum-1. Benedictum, Guaiacum-1. Brasi- 
513 
LILIUM 
lianum rubrum, Haematoxylon campeehianum-• 
1. Cteruleum, llaematoxylon campeehianum - 1. 
Campechense, llaematoxylon campeehianum-1. 
Campeehianum, llaematoxylon campeehianum- 
1. Campescanum, Haematoxylon campeehianum- 
1. Colubrinum, see Strychnos - 1. Febrifugum, 
Quassia - 1. Haematoxyli, llaematoxylon campe- 
chianum-1. Indicum, Guaiacum, llaematoxylon 
campeehianum-1. Infelix, Sambucus-1. Nephri- 
ticum, Guilandina Moringa (the wood)-1. Pava- 
nae, Croton tiglium-1. Quassiae, see Quassia-1. 
Sanctum, Guaiacum - 1. Sandalinum, see Ptero- 
carpus santalinus-1. Sappan, Haematoxylon cam- 
pechianum-1. Serpentum, Ophioxylum serpenti- 
num-1. Vitae, Guaiacum. 
LIGNYODES, Fuliginous. 
LIGNYS, Fuligo. 
LIG'ULA, Lin'gula. The clavicle; also, the 
glottis and epiglottis. A measure containing 
3 drachms and a scruple, or about half an ounce. 
Also, a species of bandage or ligature. - Scribo- 
nius. 
LIGUSTICUM CAPILLACEUM, JEthusa 
meum - 1. Carvi, Carum - 1. Foeniculum, Ane- 
thum. 
Ligus'ticum Levis'ticum, from Aiyvarixos, ap- 
pertaining to Liguria. Levis'ticum, Laserpitium 
German'icum, Ligusticum, Angel'ica levis'ticum 
seu paludapifo'lia, Lovage, (F.) Livhche, Ache 
des montagnes. The properties of this plant are 
said to be stimulant, carminative, emmenagogue, 
&c. 
Ligusticum Meum, JEthusameum-1. Phellan- 
drium, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
Ligusticum Pod agra'ria, Podagra'ria agopo'- 
dium, AEgopo'dium podagraria, Sison podagra'- 
ria, Pimpinel'la angelicafo'lia, Siam vulga're, 
Tragoseli'num angel'ica, Ses'eli cegopo'dium, An- 
gel'ica sylvestris, Gout-weed. A British plant, 
once considered useful in cases of gout. 
Ligusticum Silaus, Peucedanum silaus. 
LIGUSTRUM jEGYPTIACUM, Lawsonia in- 
ermis. 
Ligus'trum Vulga're, Privet, Privy, (F.) 
Troene. A shrub, which grows wild both in Eu- 
rope and the United States, usually in hedges. 
The leaves are astringent and bitter; and the 
flowers, which are snow-white, and of an agree- 
able odour, have been employed in decoction in 
sore throat, and ulcerous stomatitis. The berries 
are said to be cathartic. 
LIGYSMA, Distortion. 
LILAC, COMMON, Syringa vulgaris-1. Vul- 
garis, Syringa vulgaris. 
LILI, Lilium Paracelsi. 
LILIA'GO. Dim. of Lil'ium, the lily; Spi- 
derwort; Lilias'trum. This plant was formerly 
said to be alexipharmic and carminative. 
LILIASTRUM, Liliago. 
LIL'ILM CAN'DIDUM, L. album, Orinon. 
The white lily. (F.) Lis blanc. The infusion of 
th4 flowers of the lily in olive oil is emollient, 
and often applied externally, under the name of 
Lily oil, (F.) Huile de Us. The scales of the 
bulb, roasted, are sometimes employed as matu-' 
ratives. 
Lilium Convallium, Convallaria maialis. 
Lilium Paracel'si, Ttnctw'ra Metallo'rum, 
Lili. A medicine employed by Paracelsus. It 
was prepared by melting in a crucible four ounces 
of each of the following alloys : Antimony and 
iron, antimony and tin, antimony and copper, pre- 
viously mixed with eighteen ounces of nitrate of 
potassa and as much salt of tartar. The melted 
mass, when pulverized, was treated with rectified 
alcohol, which really dissolved only the potassa set 
at liberty by the decomposition experienced by 
the nitre and salt of tartar. The Lilium Paracelsi LILY 
was used as a cordial. It entered into the com- 
position of the theriacal elixir, <tc. 
LILY, GROUND, Trillium latifolium-1. May, 
Convallaria maialis-1. Pond, Nelumbium luteum 
- 1. Pond, White, Nymphaea odorata - 1. Toad, 
Nymphaea odorata-1. of the Valley, Convallaria 
maialis - 1. Water, little, Brasenia hydropeltis- 
1. Water, sweet, Nymphaea odorata - 1. Water, 
sweet-scented, Nymphma odorata - 1. Water, 
white, Nymphma alba - 1. Water, yellow, Nym- 
phaea lutea-1. White, Lilium candidum, Nelum- 
bium luteum. 
LIMA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Peru 
does not appear to be favourable to the genera- 
tion of consumption; and Lima would seem to 
be a good residence for the phthisical valetudina- 
rian. Many have been benefited by a residence 
there ; but when they have gone farther south, as 
to Chili, the effect, according to Dr. M. Burrough, 
has generally been fatal. 
LIMA DENTARIA, Scalprum dentarium. 
LIMAQIEN (F.), from limacon, the cochlea of 
the ear. A branch of the acoustic or labyrinthic 
nerve sent to the cochlea. 
LIMAQON, Cochlea, Limax - I. Rampet du, 
see Cochlea. 
LIMACUM CORNUA, see Lachrymal puncta. 
LIMANC1IIA, Abstinence. 
LIMA'TIO, from lima, 'a file.' Filing: an 
operation employed by the dentist more espe- 
cially to prevent immediate contact of the teeth 
with each other. 
LIMATURA FERRI, Ferri Limatura. 
LIMAX, Helix, Slug or Snail, (F.) Lima- 
fon, Colimaqon, Escargot. A syrup has been 
prepared from these animals, which has been 
given in phthisis, &c. The raw snails have also 
been taken in consumption. They have been 
used as food. 
LIMB. Membrum. 
LIMBUS ALVEOLARIS, Alveolar border- 
1. Luteus retinae, see Foramen centrale-1. Poste- 
rior corporis striati, Taenia semicircularis. 
LIME. A fruit like a small lemon, the juice 
of which is strongly acid, and much used for 
making punch. It is, also, used in long voyages 
as an antiscorbutic, <fcc. It is a species of lemon, 
the fruit of Citrus acida. 
Live, Calx-1. Carbonate of, Creta-1. Chloride 
of, Calcis chloridum - 1. Chlorite of, Calcis chlo- 
ridum-1. Chloruret of, Calcis chloridum-1. Hy- 
drate of, see Calx - 1. Hypochlorite of, Calcis 
chloridum - 1. Muriate of, solution of, see Calcis 
murias - 1. Oxymuriate of, Calcis chloridum-1. 
Slaked, see Calx-1. Sulphuret of, Calcis sulphu- 
retum-1. Tree, Tilia-1. Water, Liquor calcis- 
1. Water, compound, Liquor calcis compositus. 
LIMICUS, Hungry. 
LTMITROPHES, see Trisplanchnic nerve. 
LIMNE, Marsh. 
LIMNE'MIC, Limna'mic, Limnhe'mic, Lim- 
nce'micus, Limnhce'micus, from Xigvn, 'a, marsh,' 
and 'aiga, 'blood.' An epithet given to affections 
induced by paludal emanations; (F.) Affections 
limnhemiques. 
LIMOCTON'IA, Abstinence. Abstinence to 
death. Death from hunger ; from M/iot, ' hunger,' 
and Krovoi, ' dea th.' Suicide by hunger. 
LIMODES, Hungry. 
LIMON, see Citrus medica. 
LTMONADA, Lemonade. 
LINONADE, Lemonade-L Gazeuse, see Le- 
monade- I. Siche, Lemonade, dry; see Citric 
acid. 
LIMONIUM, Statice limonium-1. Malum, see 
Citrus medica. 
LIMONUM BACCA, s e Citrus medica. 
514 
LINEAMENT 
LIMOS, Xigof, 'hunger.' lienee: 
LIMO'SIS, Stomach disease, Morbid appetite. 
A genus in the class Coeliaca, order Enterica, of 
Good. 
Limosis Cardialgia Mordens, Cardialgia-1. 
Cardialgia sputatoria, Pyrosis-1. Dyspepsia, Dys- 
pepsia-1. Expers, Anorexia-1. Expers protracta, 
Fasting - 1. Flatus, Flatulence - 1. Helluonum, 
Gluttony--1. Pica, Malacia. 
LIMOTHERAPEI'A, Nestitherapei'a, Nesto- 
therapei'a, Nestiatri'a, Peinotherapi'a, Curatio 
morbi per ine'diam, from Xigoj, ' hunger,' and 
Jrpan-cia, 'treatment.' Hunger-cure. Cure by 
fasting. 
LIMITS, Limos. 
LIN, Linum usitatissimum-I. Graines de, see 
Linum usitatissimum-I. Purgatif, Linum cathar- 
ticum. 
LINAIRE, Antirhinum linaria. 
LINAMENTUM, Linteum. 
LINARIA, Antirhinum linaria - 1. Cymbala- 
ria, Antirhinum linaria - 1. Elatine, Antirhinum 
elatine-1. Vulgaris, Antirhinum linaria. 
LINCTUARIUM, Eclectos. 
LINCTUS, Eclectos-1. Albus, Looch album- 
1. Amygdalinus, Looch album - 1. ad Aphthae, 
Mel boracis-1. de Borace, Mel boracis-1. Com- 
munis, Looch album. 
LINDEN TREE, Tilia. 
LINE, Lin'ea, Gramme, (F.) Ligne. Extent 
in length, considered without regard to breadth 
or thickness. As a measure, it means the 12th 
part of an inch. 
Median Line of the Body is an imaginary 
line supposed to set out from the top of the head 
and to fall between the feet, so as to divide the 
body vertically into two equal and symmetrical 
parts. 
LINEA, Line. 
Linea Alba, L. A. Abdom'inis, (F.) Ligne 
blanche, Ligne mtdiane de I'abdomen (Ch.), Can- 
did'ula abdom'inis lin'ea, Lin'ea centra'Us. A 
tendinous, strong, and highly resisting cord; ex- 
tending from the ensiform cartilage of the ster- 
num to the symphysis pubis, with the umbilicus 
near its middle. The linea alba is formed by the 
decussation of the aponeurosis of the abdominal 
muscles; and its use is to limit the movement of 
the chest backwards; to prevent it from separat- 
ing too far from the pelvis, and to furnish a fixed 
point for the muscles of the abdomen in their 
contraction. 
Linea As'pera, (F.) Ligne &pre, Ragged ridge, 
Ligne sous-trochanterienne, (Ch.) A rough pro- 
jection at the posterior surface of the femur, 
which gives attachment to muscles. 
Linea Candidui.a Abdominis, L. alba-1. Cen- 
tralis, L. alba - 1. Innominata, Ilio-pectinea 
Linea. 
LINEA? SEMILUNA'RES are thelines,which 
bound the outer margin of the recti muscles of 
the abdomen. They are formed by the union of 
the abdominal tendons. The lines which cross 
these muscles are called Linea transter'sce. 
Linea? Tib'ie, An'guli tib'ice. Sharp lines on 
the tibia. 
Linea: Transverse, see L. semilunares, and 
Processus teretes. 
LINEAIRE, Linear. 
LIN'EAMENT, Lineamen'tum, from linea, 'a 
line.' A delicate trait observed on the counte- 
nance, which constitutes its special character, 
enables us to preserve its image, and is the cause 
of resemblance to others. A feature. 
Bonnet gave the name Lintament to the first 
traces of organization in the embryo of man and 
animals. LINEAR 
LIN'EAR, Linea'ris, Linea'rius. Same ety- 
mon. (F.) Liniaire. Pathologists apply the epi- 
thet linear to fractures which are very narrow, 
and in which the fragments are scarcely sepa- 
rated. 
LINE'OLA; a diminutive of linea, 'a line.' A 
small line. 
Line'ola: Mamma'rvm. The white lines on the 
breasts. 
LINGUA, Tongue - 1. Bovis, Anchusa offici- 
nalis- 1. Canina, Cynoglossum-1. Cervina, As- 
plenium scolopendrium-1. Exigua, Epiglottis- 
1. Prognosis ex, Glossomantia - 1. Serpentaria, 
Ophioglossum vulgatum. 
Lingua: Avis, see Fraxinus excelsior-1. De- 
tentor, Glossocatochus-1. Exoncosis, Glossoncus 
- 1. Scalpium, Cure-langue. 
LIN'GUAL, Lingua'lis, from lingua, 'the 
tongue.' Relating or belonging to the tongue. 
Lingual Ar'tery, Arte'ria lingua'lis, arises 
from the external carotid; and, after several tor- 
tuosities, reaches the base of the tongue, becomes 
horizontal, and, under the name Ranine, advances 
to the tip, where it anastomoses with its fellow. 
In its course, it gives off the Dorsalis lingua and 
sublingual. ( 
Lingual Muscle, Lingua'lis, Basio-glossus 
(Cowper), Glossia' nus, is a small, long, fasciculus 
of fibres, hidden beneath the sides of the tongue, 
between the hyoglossus and styloglossus mus- 
cles, which are on the outside, and the genioglos- 
sus, within. This muscle passes from the base to 
the tip of the tongue; and, at its sides, is con- 
founded with the muscles just referred to. It 
shortens the tongue, depresses its point, and can 
carry it to the right or left side. 
Lingual Nerve is a name which has been 
given to the ninth pair or hypoglossus. It 
is, also, a term applied to a branch given off 
from the Inferior maxillary, or third branch 
of the fifth pair. Near its origin it anastomoses 
with, or simply runs close to, the chorda tym- 
pani. It afterwards gives off a considerable num- 
ber of filaments, which are distributed to the 
tongue, and some of which are said to have been 
even traced as far as the papillae ; - a distribu- 
tion which has sccasioned it to be regarded as 
the Gustatory nerve, (F.) Nerf gustatif. 
Lingual Salivary Glands, see Salivary 
glands. 
Lingual Vein follows nearly the same distri- 
bution as the artery. It opens into the internal 
jugular. 
LINGUALIS, Lingual muscle. 
LINGUETTA LAMINOSA, Lingula. 
LINGULA, Ligula. 
Lin'gula, Linguet'ta lamino'sa. A thin, trans- 
versely grooved lobule of gray substance, de- 
rived from the anterior border of the cerebellum, 
which, for a short distance, lies over the velum 
medullare anterius. 
Lingula Fistulas, Epiglottis. 
LINI USITATISSIMI SEMINA, see Linum 
usitatissimum. 
LIN'IMENT, Linimen'tum, Litus, Enchris'ton, 
Catachris'ton, Perich'risis, Perichris'ton,Aleiph'a, 
Aleini'ma, Enchris'ta, Frictwn, Fricato'rium, In- 
line'tio, from linire, ' to anoint gently,' 'to anoint.' 
An unctuous medicine, containing usually oil or 
lard, which is used externally in the form of 
friction. 
LINIMENT AMMONIACAL, Linimentum 
ammonias - I. de Carbonate d'Ammoniaque, Li- 
nimentum ammonia! carbonatis. 
LINIMENT ANTIHEMORRHOIDALE 
DE SIEUR ANDR F, (F.) This is formed of 
Narbonne honey, Olive oil, and Turpenttne. 
515 
LINIMENTUM 
LINIMENT ANTIPARALYTIQUE, (F.) 
Composed of subcarbonate of ammonia, alcoholized 
oil, black, soap, and oil of rosemary. 
Liniment, Antiscrof'ulous, of Hufeland. 
It is composed of fresh ox-gall, White Soap, Un- 
guentum altha'ae, Volatile oil of petroleum, Car- 
bonate of ammonia, and Camphor. 
LINtMENT CA.LCA1RE, Linimentum aquae 
calcis - 1. Camphor, Linimentum camphorae- I. 
Camphri, Linimentum camphorae - 1. of Cantha- 
rides, camphorated, Linimentum e cantharidibus 
camphoratum-I. Cantharide camphre, Linimen- 
tum e cantharidibus camphoratum - I. d'Eau de 
chaux, Linimentum aquae calcis - 1. of Lime- 
water, Linimentum aquae calcis - I. de Mercure, 
Linimentum hydrargyri- 1. Mercurial, Linimen- 
tum hydrargyri - I. Oleo-calcaire, Linimentum 
aquae calcis. x 
LINIMENT RESOLUTIF DE POTT, com- 
posed of oil of turpentine and muriatic acid. Used 
in rheumatism, swellings, <fcc. 
Liniment, Saint John Long's. A liniment 
used by a celebrated empiric at the commence- 
ment of the second quarter of the 19th century. 
It is said to have consisted of oil of turpentine 
and acetic acid, held in suspension by yolk of 
egg. It was a powerful counter-irritant. 
LINIMENT DE SAVON, Linimentum sapo- 
nis compositum-I. de Savon opiace, Linimentum 
saponis et opii. 
LINIMENT SAVONNEUX HYDROSUL- 
FURE DE JADELOT. Composed of sulphuret 
of potass, 5VJ> white soap, Ibij ; oil of poppy, 
Ibiv ; oil of thyme, gij. Used in itch. 
Liniment, Simple, Linimentum simplex - 1. 
Soap, Linimentum saponis - 1. Soap and opium, 
Linimentum saponis et opii-1. Soap, compound, 
Linimentum saponis compos.-1. Turpentine, Li- 
nimentum terebinthinae-1. of Verdigris, Lini- 
mentum aeruginis - I. de Vert-de-gris, Linimen- 
tum aeruginis-I. Volatil, Linimentum ammonias 
fortius. 
LINIMENTUM, Liniment. 
Linimen'tum jEru'ginis, Ox'ymel 
Unguen'tum AEgyptiacum, Melli'tum de aceta'te 
cupri, Liniment of verdigris, (F.) Liniment de 
Vert-de-gris, Miel d'acet ate de cuivre. (Airugin. 
cont. ; acet. J|vij ; mellis despum. pond. 
Liquefied, strained, and inspissated by boiling.- 
Ph. L.) It is used as an eseharotic and deter- 
gent;- diluted, as a gargle in venereal ulcera- 
tions and in foul ulcers. 
Linimentum Album, Ceratum cetacei, Unguen- 
tum cetacei-1. ad Ambustiones, L. aqua; calcis. 
Linimentum Ammo'ni.e, Sapo ammoniaca'Us, 
Linimen'tum ammonia'turn seu ammo'nicum seu 
Anglica'num, Sapo ammo'ni re olea'ceus, Unguen'- 
tum album resol'vens, Oleum ammonia'turn, Lini- 
mentum ammo'nite, Strong liniment of ammonia, 
(F.) Liniment volatil ou ammoniacal, Savon am- 
moniacal. (Liq. ammon. ; olei oliva, f5ij. 
Mix.-Ph. U.S.) A stimulating and rubefacient 
soap. 
Linimentum Carbona'tis, Liniment 
of subcarb'onate of ammo'nia, Linimentum am- 
mo'nia, Linimentum volatile, Hartshorn and oil. 
(F.) Liniment de carbonate d'ammoniaque. <So- 
lut. subcarb, ammon. ; olei oliv. Shake 
till they unite.) A stimulating liniment, mostly' 
used to relieve rheumatic pains, bruises, <tc. 
Linimentum Ammoniatum seu Ammonicum, L. 
ammoniac fortis - 1. Anglicanum, L. Ammonias 
fortis - 1. ad Aphthas, Mel boracis. 
Linimentum Aqua? Calcis, Linimentum Calcis 
(Ph. U.S.), Oleum Uni cum calce, Sapo ealca'rius, 
Linimentum ad ambustio'nes, Liniment of lime- 
water, (F.) Liniment d'eau de chaux, Savon cal- 
caire, Liniment calcaire, Liniment oleo-calcaire- LINIMENTUM 
(Olei Uni, aquae calcis, aa Misce.) A 
cooling and emollient application to burns and 
scalds. 
Linimentum Arcast, Unguentum elemi com- 
positum - 1. de Borate, Mel boracis - 1. Calcis, 
L. aquae calcis. 
Linimentum Oleum Camphor a'turn, 
Solu'tio camphorce oleo'sa, Camphor liniment, (F.) 
Liniment Camphre, (Camphora, ; olei olivae, 
f Dissolve.) It is used as a stimulant and 
discutient. 
Linimentum Cam'phoRjE Compos'itum, Ward's 
essence for the headach, Compound camphor lini- 
ment. (Camphor, ; liq. ammonite, f§ii; spirit, 
lavand. Oj. - Ph. L.) It is stimulant and ano- 
dyne. 
Linimentum Canthar'idis, Linimentof Spanish 
Flies. (Cantharid. in pulv. j ; 01. Terebinth. 
Oss. Digest for three hours by means of a water 
bath, and strain. - Ph. U. S.) Used as an exci- 
tant liniment in typhus, Ac. 
Linimentum e Cantharid'ibus Camphora'- 
TUM, Camph'orated liniment of canthar'ides, (F.) 
L. cantharide camphri. (Tinct. cantharid. 
ol. amygd. dulc. § iv ; sapon. amygd. ; camphor. 
3ss. Dissolve the camphor in the oil, and add 
this mixture to the tincture and soap. - Ph. P.) 
Rubefacient, and discutient. 
Linimentum Hydrar'gyri, Mercu'rial lini- 
ment, (F.) L. de Mercure. ( Ung. Hyd. fort., adip. 
prcep. aa S;iv; camphoree, ; sp. red. gtt. xv; 
liquor amnion, Rub the camphor with the 
spirit; add the ointment and lard; and, lastly, 
gradually add the solution.-Ph. L.) It is used 
as a stimulant and discutient to venereal swel- 
lings, &c. 
Linimentum Plumbatum, Unguentum plumbi 
superacetatis-1. Saponaceum opiatum, L. sapo- 
nis et opii. 
Linimentum Sapona'ceum Hydrosulphura'- 
tum. (Common Soap, 500 p. Liquefy in a water 
bath in an earthen vessel; and add white poppy 
oil, 250 p. Mix intimately, and add dry sulphuret 
of potass, 100 p. Beat together, and add oil of 
poppy-seed, 750 p.-Ph. P.) In cutaneous affec- 
tions, as psora, herpes, Ac. 
Linimentum Saponato-camphoratum, L. Sa- 
ponis camphoratum. 
Linimentum Sapo'nis, Tindu'ra saponis cam- 
phora'ta(Ph. U.S.), Camphorated Tincture ofSoap, 
Soap Liniment. (Saponis concis. 5iv ; camphor. 
,?ij; Ol. Rosmarin. alcohol, Oij. Digest 
the soap and alcohol in a water bath, until the 
former is dissolved; filter, and add the camphor 
and oil. - Ph. U. S.) Used in sprains, bruises, 
and as an embrocation. 
Linimentum Sapo'nis Camphora'tum, L. S. 
compos'itum, L. Sapona'to-camphora'tum, Bal'- 
samum opodel' doc, Tindura saponis camphora'ta 
(Ph. U. S.), Opodel'doch, Steer's opodeldoch, (F.) 
L. de Savon. Compound Soap Liniment. (Sapon. 
rasur. 5*vi Camphor. 5ij ; Ol. Rosmarini, 
Aquae, f^iv; A/coAoZ. Oij. Mix the alcohol and 
water; digest the soap in the mixture by means 
of a water bath, until it is dissolved; filter, and 
add the camphor and oil.-(Ph. U. S.) Stimulant 
and anodyne ; in bruises, local pains, Ac. 
Freeman's Bathing Spirits consist of lin. sapon 
comp, coloured with Daffy's elixir. 
Jackson's Bathing Spirits differ from Freeman's 
in the addition of some essential oils. 
Linimentum Sapo'nis et Opii, Z. sapona'ceum 
opia'tum, Soap and opium liniment, Bates's ano- 
dyne balsam, Balsamum anod'ynum, Tindura sa- 
ponis et opii, (F.) L. de Savon opiaci. (Saponis 
duri. §iv; opii, ; camphorce, 2ij; olei roris- 
marin. alcohol, Oij. - Ph. E.) Anodyne; 
in chronic rheumatism and local pains in general. 
516 
LIP 
Linimentum Simplex, Simple Liniment. (01. 
oliv. 4 p.; eera alba, 1 p. fiat linimentum.-Ph. 
E.) Emollient; usedin chaps, Ac. 
Linimentum Simplex, Unguentum cerm. 
Linimentum Terebin'thina:, Turpen'tine lini- 
ment. (Cerat. resina, tbj ; ol. terebinth. Oss. Melt 
the cerate and stir in the oil.) A stimulant; ap- 
plied to burns, &c. 
Linimentum Volatile, L. ammonite carbonatis. 
LINNuE'A, L. Borea'lis. This plant, called 
after Linnaeus, has a bitter, sub-astringent taste; 
and is used, in some places, in the form of fo- 
mentation, in rheumatic pains. An infusion in 
milk is used in Switzerland for the cure of 
sciatica. 
LINOSPERMUM, see Linum usitatissimum. 
LINSEED, see Linum usitatissimum. 
LINT, Carbasus, Linteum. 
LINTEAMEN, Linteum, Pledget. 
LIN'TEUM, L. carptum seu rasum, Lintea'- 
men, Oth'one, Othon'ion, Car'basus, Car'basa, 
Car'pia, Motos, Mote, Motum, Linamen'tum, Til- 
ma, Xystoe, Xysma, Achne, Lint, (F.) Charpie. 
A soft, flocculent substance, made by scraping 
old linen cloth, (F.) Charpie rupee, or by unra- 
velling old linen cut into small pieces-(F.) Char- 
pie brute; and employed in surgery as a dressing 
to wounds, ulcers, Ac., either simply or covered 
with ointment. 
Linteum Carptum, see Linteum - 1. Rasum, 
see Linteum. 
LINUM, see Linum usitatissimum-1. Arvense, 
L. usitatissimum. 
Linum Cathar'ticum, L.min'imum, Chamali'- 
num, Purging flax or Mill mountain, (F.) Lin 
purgatif. This plant is possessed of cathartic 
properties, and has a bitterish, disagreeable taste. 
Dose, in substance. 
Linum Crudum, see Apolinosis-1. Minimum, 
L. Catharticum. 
Linum Usitatis'simum, L. arven'se, Common 
flax, (F.) Lin. The seed, Linum (Ph. U. S.), 
Sem'ina Uni usitatis'simi, Linosper'mum, Lin- 
seed, Flaxseed, (F.) Grains de Un, are inodorous, 
and almost tasteless; yielding mucilage to warm 
water, and oil by expression. They are demul- 
cent and emollient. Linseed, when ground into 
powder, forms a good emollient poultice. It is 
only necessary to stir the powder into boiling 
water. The oil, Oleum Uni, Flaxseed oil, (F.) 
Huile de Lin, is emollient and demulcent. 
LIONDENT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
LION'S FOOT, Nabalus albus, Prenanthes-« 
1. Tail, Leonurus. 
LIOPODIA, Leiopodes. 
LIOPUS, Leiopus. 
LIP, Sax. and Germ. Lippe, Cheilos,La'bium, 
Labrum, (F.) Livre. [In Entomology, labium 
means the lower lip, - labrum, the upper.] The 
lips are composed of different muscular fasciculi, 
nerves, and vessels, covered by the skin and mu- 
cous membrane of the mouth. They circumscribe 
the anterior aperture of that cavity; and are in- 
servient to mastication, pronunciation, Ac. They 
are distinguished into upper and lower - Ano- 
chei'lon, and Catochei'lon - and are placed in 
front of each jaw, forming between them the an- 
terior aperture of the mouth. They unite at each 
side, and form what are called the angles or com- 
missures of the mouth-Chal'ini. Their free edge 
is covered with a mucous membrane, of a more 
or less livid red, according to the individual. 
They receive their arteries from the external 
carotid. Their veins open into the two jugulars. 
Their lymphatic vessels descend into the gan- 
glions situate beneath the chin. Their nerves 
are derived from the infra-orbitar, mental, and 
facial. LIPA 
Lips, La'bia, (F.) Levres de la vulte, are folds 
belonging to the genital organs of the female, 
and distinguished into-1. Labia puden'di sen 
Cunni seu majo'ra, Episi'a, Aloe puden'di mulie'- 
bris, Hytrochei'tides, Rupes, Aloe majo'res, Crern'- 
noi, (F.) Grandes Livres. These are two mem- 
branous folds, thicker above than below, which 
limit the vulva laterally, and extend from the in- 
ferior part of the mons veneris to the perinmum. 
They unite anteriorly and posteriorly, forming 
commissures; the posterior of which is called 
Fourchette. Their outer surface is convex ; formed 
of skin and covered with hair. The inner sur- 
face is white, and covered by a mucous membrane, 
continuous with that lining the other parts of the 
vulva. The space between the skin and mucous 
membrane is filled with a fatty tissue and fibrous 
bands, some fibres of the constrictor vaginas mus- 
cle, vessels, and nerves. 
We speak, also, of the lips of a wound, ulcer, 
&c., when alluding to the edges of these solutions 
of continuity. 
LIPA, Xiira, fat; also, Lippitudo. 
LI'PARA, from Xiirapos, 'fatty,* and Xina, 'fat.' 
Plasters, containing much oil or fat. 
LIPARIA, see Polysarea. 
LIPAROCE'LE, Lipoce'le, from Xiirupoy, 'fatty,' 
and Kr/Xri, ' tumour.' Lipo'ma, or fatty tumour 
of the scrotum, Her'nia pinguedino'sa scroti. 
LIPAROLE, Pomatum, Pommade. 
LIPAROTES, see Polysarcia. 
LIPAROTRICH'IA, from Xvrapos, 'fat,' and 
' hair.* Too great oiliness of the hair. 
LIPASMA, see Polysarcia. 
LIPEMANIA, Melancholy, see Lypemania. 
LIPHJEMIA, Leiphaemia. 
LIPH2EM0S, Leiphasmos. 
LIPO or LEIPO, Attirw, 'I leave,' 'I forsake.' 
Hence, Leipopsychia, Leipothymia. 
LIPOCELE, Liparocele. 
LIPODERMIA, Aposthia. 
LIPODERMOS, Leipodermos. 
LIPO'MA, Lypo'ma, from Xittoj, 'fat,''fatty 
tumour.' A fatty tumour of an encysted or other 
character. 
LIPOME'RIA, Leipome'ria, from Xttirw, 'I 
leave,' and pipas, a 'part.' Monstrosity from ar- 
rest of development, or from defect. Deficiency 
of one or more of the parts of the body; for ex- 
ample, where a person has only four fingers. 
LIPOPSYCIIIA, Syncope. 
LIPOS, Pinguedo. 
LIPOSIS. see Polysarcia. 
LIPOTHYMIA, Syncope. 
LIPPA, Ghassie. 
LIPPIA, Adali. 
LIPPITU'DO, Ophthal'mia chron'ica of some, 
Lippitude, Blear-eye, Lappa, Lipa, Xeropbthal'- 
mia, Lems, Leme, Lemos' itas, Glenie, Glama, Gra'- 
mia. A copious secretion of the sebaceous hu- 
mour of the eyelids, which renders them gummy. 
It is owing to a state of chronic inflammation of 
the tarsal margins; the eyelids being generally 
red, tumefied, and painful. 
Lippitudo Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia. 
LIPPUS, Chassieur. 
LIPSIS ANIMI, Syncope. 
LIPSOTRICIIIA, Alopecia, Calvities. 
LIQUAMU'MIA, Adeps huma'nus. Human 
fat - Ruland and Johnson. 
LIQUARIUM, Syrupus simplex. 
LIQUATIO, Liquefaction. 
LIQUEFA'CIENT, Liquefa'ciens, from liquid- 
tis, ' liquid,' and facere, ' to make.' A medicinal 
agent, which seems to have the power of liquefy- 
517 
LIQUOR 
ing solid depositions. To this class mercury, 
iodine, <tc., have been referred by some. 
LI QU E FAC'T ION, Liqua'tio, Liquefac'tio ; 
(same etymon.) Transformation of u solid sub- 
stance into a liquid. It is used particularly in 
speaking of metals and fatty bodies, see Fusion. 
LIQUEUR D'ALUMINE COMPOSES, Li- 
quor aluminis compos. - I. Arstnicale, Liquor ar- 
senicalis - I. Fumante de Boyle, Ammoniae sul- 
phuretum, Liquor fumans Boylii - I. Volatile de 
come de cerf, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi - I. 
de Guivre ammoniacal, Liquor cupri ammoniati 
- I. de Fer alcaline, Liquor ferri alkalini - I. 
de Sous-acetate de plomb, Liquor plumbi sub- 
acetatis - I. de Potasse, Liquor potassae - I. de 
Sous-carbonate de potasse, Liquor potassae sub- 
carbonatis. 
LIQUID, ADHESIVE, MAYNARD'S, Collo- 
dion-1. Disinfecting, Burnett's, see Burnett's dis- 
infecting liquid - 1. Disinfecting, Labarraque's, 
Liquor soda) chlorinatae-1. Disinfecting, Le- 
doyen's, see Ledoyen's disinfecting liquid. 
LIQUIDAMBAR ASPLENIFOLIA, Compto- 
nia asplenifolia.-1. Officinalis, see Styrax-1. Pe- 
regrina, Comptonia asplenifolia. 
Liquidam'bar Styracif'lua, Liquidam'bra, 
Sweet yum. The name of the tree which affords 
the Liquid amber and Storax liquida, Styrax li- 
quida or Liquid storax. Liquid amber is a re- 
sinous juice of a yellow colour, inclining to red; 
at first of about the consistence of turpentine; by 
age, hardening into a solid, L.lttle mass. It is 
not used medicinally. 
Styrax Liquida is obtained from this plant by 
boiling. There are two sorts, - one more pure 
than the other. It is used, occasionally, as a 
stomachic, in the form of plaster. 
LIQUIDUM NERVEUM, Nervous fluid. 
LIQUIRITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
LIQUOR, Liqua'men, llygron, Hy'grotes, (F.) 
Liqueur. A name given to many compound li- 
quids, and especially to those the bases of which 
are water and alcohol. 
Liquor Acidus Halleri, Elixir acidum Hal- 
leri - 1. JEthereus, Ether - 1. ASthereus sulphu- 
ricus, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici. 
Liquor Alu'minis Compos'itus, Aqua alu'mi- 
nis compos'ita, Aqua alumino'sa Batea'na, Com- 
pound solu'tion of Alum, (F.) Liqueur d'alumine 
composts. (Aluminis, zinci sulphat. sing, 
aquae fervent. Oij. Dissolve and filter through 
paper.) Detergent and stimulant. Used as a 
collyrium, when properly diluted, in ophthalmia; 
as an injection in gleet, leucorrhoea, <fcc. 
Liquor Ammo'niaj, Liq. ammoniaepuree, Al'cali 
ammoni'acum fn'idum, Ammo'nia liq'uida, A. 
caus'tiea liquida, A. pura liquida, Lixiv'ium 
ammoniaca'le, Spiritus salis ammoniaci aquo'sus, 
Aqua ammoniae, Aqua ammoniae caus'tiea, Liquid 
ammonia, Solution of ammonia, (F.) Ammoniaque 
liquide. (Directed to be made in the Pharm. U. 
S. from muriate of Ammonia, in fine powder; and 
Lime, each a pound ; distilled water a pint; water, 
nine fluidounces. The water is employed to slake 
the lime; this is mixed with the muriate of am- 
monia and put into a glass retort in a sand-bath. 
Heat is applied so as to drive off the ammonia, 
which is made to pass into a quart bottle contain- 
ing the distilled water. To every ounce of the 
product three and a half fluidrachms of distilled 
water are added, or as much as may be necessary 
to raise its s. g. to 0.96. This Liquor Ammonias 
may also be made by mixing one part of liquor 
ammoniae fortior with two parts of distilled water. 
(Ph. U. S. 1842.) Its s. g. is 0.960. Liquor 
Ammonia: fortior, Stronger solution of ammo- 
nia (Ph. U. S.) is an aqueous solution of ammonia LIQUOR 
of the s. g. 0.882. Liquor ammonite is stimulant, 
antacid, and rubefacient. Dose gtt. to xx, in 
water or milk. 
Liquor Ammonia? Aceta'tis, Al'cali ammoni'- 
acum aceta'tum, Alcali volat'ile aceta'tum, Aqua 
aceta'tis ammo'nia, Solution of acetate of ammo- 
nia, Aqua ammo'nia aceta'ta, Ace'tas ammonia, 
Spirit of Mindere'rus, Sal ammoni'acum vegetab'- 
ile, Spir'itus ophthal' micus Mindere'ri, Sal aceto'- 
sus ammoniaca'lis. (Acid, acetic, dilut. Oij, Am- 
mon. carbonat. in pulv. add the salt to the acid 
until it is saturated. Ph. U. S. 1851.) A sudorific; 
externally, cooling. Dose, to 
Liquor Ammonite Subcarbona'tis, Solu'tio 
subcarbonatis ammonia, Aqaa carbonatis ammo- 
nia, Solution of subcarbonate of ammonia. (Am- 
monia carbon. §iv, aqua destillat. Oj. Dissolve 
and filter through paper.) Use; - the same as 
that of the carbonate of ammonia. 
Liquor Ammonii Hydrothiodis, Ammonite 
sulphuretum - 1. ex Ammonia et oleo succini, 
Spiritus ammonias succinatus-1. Ammonii vino- 
sus, Spiritus ammoniac. 
Liquor Am'nii, Aqua amnii. The liquor of the 
amnios. (F.) Eaux de I'amnios. The fluid ex- 
haled by the amnios, and which envelops the foe- 
tus during the whole period of utero-gestation. 
It is often simply called the waters, (F.) Les Eaux. 
Its relative quantity diminishes as pregnancy ad- 
vances, although its absolute quantity continues 
to increase till the period of delivery. In some 
women only five or six ounces are met with : in 
others, it amounts to pints. It is limpid, yellow- 
ish, or whitish; exhales a faint smell, and has a 
slightly saline taste. It contains water in con- 
siderable quantity; albumen; chloride of sodium; 
phosphate of lime; an alkaline substance; and 
a particular acid. It facilitates the dilatation 
of the uterus, and aids delivery by acting as a 
soft wedge enclosed in its membranes, Poche dex 
Eaux, <tc. It is probably inservient to useful 
purposes in the nutrition of the foetus. 
Liquor Amnii, False. The fluid contained 
between the amnion and chorion in the early 
periods of foetal existence. 
Liquor, Anodyne, Hoffmann's, Spiritus aethe- 
ris sulphurici compositus-1. Anodynus martialis, 
Alcohol sulphurico-aethereus ferri. 
Liquor Anod'ynus Terebinthina'tus. A for- 
mula prescribed by Rademacher in cases of gall- 
stone, and of obstructions and indurations of the 
liver and spleen. It was composed of Hoffmann's 
anodyne liquor j; rectified oil of turpentine J)ij. 
Dose 5 to 10 drops. It resembles the Eemede de 
Durand. 
Liquor Arsenica'lis, L. potas'sa arseni'tis 
(Ph. U. S.), Solu'tio arsenicalis, S. arsenica'ta, S. 
arseni'tis kal'ica, Arsen'ical solution, Min'eral 
solvent, Ar'senis potas'sa liq'uidus, Ar'senis potas- 
sa aquo'sus, Fowler's solution of arsenic, Solvens 
minera'le, Jtal'ian poison, Aqua Tofa'na, Aqua 
Toffa'nia, Acqua della Toffana, Acqua di Napoli, 
Acquet'ta (?), Tasteless ague drop, (F.) Liqueur 
arsenicale. (Acid. Arsenios. in frustulis, potassa 
carbonatis pur., sing. gr. Ixiv., aqua destillat. q. 
s. Boil together the arsenious acid and carbonate 
of potassa with twelve fluidounces of distilled 
water, in a glass vessel, until the arsenic is dis- 
solved. When the solution is cold, add Spirit, 
lavand. c. and as much distilled water as 
will make the whole one pint. Ph. U. S.) f£j 
contains gr. ss of the arsenious acid. Dose, gtt. xx. 
Liquor Arsenici et Hydrargyri Iodidi, see 
Arsenic and Mercury, iodide of-1. Barii chloridi, 
Baryta, muriate, solution of-l.Bellosti, L.Hydrar- 
gyri nitrici - 1. Calcii chloridi, see Calcis murias. 
Liquor Calcis, Solu'tio calcis, Aqua calcis, 
benedic'ta, Calca'ria pura liq'uida, Aqua 
518 
LIQUOR 
calca'ria usta, Solution of Lime, Lime Water, (F.) 
Eaudechaux. (Calcis §iv. aq. destill. cong. Pour 
the water on the lime, and stir. Let it stand in 
a covered vessel three hours ; bottle the lime and 
water in stopped bottles, and use the clear solu- 
tion.) It is astringent, tonic, and antacid; and 
is used in diarrhcea, diabetes, heartburn, Ac., and 
as a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers, Ac. 
Dose, tjij to Oss, in milk. 
Liquor Calcis Compos'itus, Aqua calcis com- 
pos'ita, Compound lime water, Aqua benedic'ta 
compos'ita, (F.) Eau de chaux compost. (Lign. 
guaiac. ras. toss, rad. glycyrrh. j, cort. sassafras, 
ijss; semi'n. coriand. liquor calcis, Ovj. Ma- 
cerate for two days, and filter.) It is stimulant, 
diaphoretic, and astringent, and is used in cuta- 
neous affections. 
Liquor Calcis Muriatis, see Calcis murias- 
1. Cereris, Cerevisia - 1. Chloreti natri, L. sodas 
chlorinatae-1. Chlorini, see Chlorine-1. Chloru- 
reti natri, L. Sodae chlorinatae-1. Chlorureti sodas, 
L. sodae chlorinatae. 
Liquor Cupri Ammonia'ti, Aqua cupri ammo- 
nia'ti, Aqua sapphari' na, Blue eyewater, Solution 
of ammoniated copper; (F.) Liqueur ou Eau de 
cuivre ammoniacal. {Cupri ammoniat. £j. aqua 
destill. Oj. Dissolve and filter the solution through 
paper. Ph. L.) Corrosive and detergent. Used 
externally to foul ulcers; and diluted with an 
equal part of distilled water, it is applied by means 
of a hair pencil to specks and films on the eye. 
Liquor Cupri Sulpha'tis Compos'itus, Aqua 
cupri vitriola'ti composita. {Cupri sulphat., alu- 
min. sulphat. aa aqua pur a Oij, acid sulph. 
5ij- Boil the salts in the water until they are 
dissolved; then filter the liquor, and add the acid.) 
Used as an astringent in epistaxis, Ac. It was 
also called Aqua Styp'tica. 
Liquor Cyreniacus, Benjamin-1. Excitans, 
Spiritus ammonite succinatus. 
Liquor Ferri Alkali'ni, Solution of Alkaline 
Iron, (F.) Liqueur de fer alcaline. (Ferri 
act<Z. nitric. aqua destillat. liq. potass, 
subcarb. f£vj. To the acid and water mixed, 
add the iron; and, after the effervescence, add 
the clear solution, gradually, to the liq. potassa 
subcarb.; shaking it occasionally till it assumes 
a deep brown-red colour, and the effervescence 
stops. After six hours' settling, pour off the clear 
solution. Ph. L.) It is tonic, like other prepa- 
rations of iron. Dose, fjss to fgiss. 
Liquor Ferri Io'didi, Solution of Iodide of 
Iron, Syru'pus Ferri io'didi, Syrup of I'odide of 
Iron. (lodin. Ferri rament. §j, Sacchar. 
pulv. 5xij, Aqua destillat. q. s. Mix the iodine 
with of the distilled water, in a porcelain or 
glass vessel, and gradually add the iron filings, 
constantly stirring. Heat the mixture gently 
until the liquor acquires a light greenish colour ; 
then, having added the sugar, continue the heat 
a short time, and filter. Lastly, pour distilled 
water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until 
the whole of the filtered liquor measures twenty 
fluidounces. Keep the solution in closely stopped 
bottles.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, 10 to 30 drops. 
Liquor Ferri Muriatis, Tinctura ferri mu- 
riatis. 
Liquor Ferri Nitra'tis, L. F. Sesquinitra'tis 
seu ternitra'tis, Solu'tio Ferri nitra'tis. Solution 
of nitrate, ternitrate of sesquioxide, or sesquini- 
trate of iron, has been recommended in chronic 
diarrhoea and dysentery. Its virtues exactly re- 
semble those of chloride of iron. It is prepared 
as follows: - Ferri Jili, incis. 5jj, Acid. nitric. 
Aq. destillat. q. s. Mix the acid and a pint 
of distilled water, until gas ceases to be given 
off; filter, and add distilled water to make 
-Ph. U. 8.) Dose, 10 to 20 drops. LIQUOR 
Liquor Fumans Boy'lii, Sidphure'tum Ammo'- 
nia Hydrogenaltum, Hydrosulphure'tum Ammo- 
nia, Tinctu'ra Sul'phuris Volat'ilis, Aqua Sul- 
phure'ti Ammonia, Boyle's Burning liquor, (F.) 
Liqueur fumante de Boyle. It is possessed of 
nauseating and emetic properties, and has been 
given in diabetes and diseases of excitement as a 
deoxygenizer ! 
Liquor Fuming, Boyle's, Liquor fumans Boy- 
lii-1. Fuming, of Libavius, Tin, muriate of-1. 
Genital, Sperm-1. of Hartshorn, volatile, Liquor 
volatilis cornu cervi - 1. Hydrargyri Bichloridi, 
Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis - 1. Hydrargyri 
chloridi corrosivi, L. hydrargyri oxymuriatis - 
1. Hydrargyri et arsenici iodidi, see Arsenic and 
Mercury, iodide of. 
Liquor Hydrar'gyri Nitrici, L. Bellosti, (F.) 
Eau mercurielle, Eau contre la gangrene, Remede 
du Due d'Antin, R. du Capucin, (Hydrarg. 120 
p., acid nitr. (33°,) 150 p. Dissolve, and add to 
the solution, distilled water, 900 p. Ph. P.) Dose, 
two or three drops in a glass of water. Not much 
used. 
Liquor Hydrar'gyri Oxymuria'tis, Liquor 
Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi corrosi'vi, L. Hydrar'gyri 
bichloridi, Solu'tion of Oxymuriate of Mercury, 
Liquor Swietenis, L. Syphilit'icus Turneri, Mu'- 
rias hydrargyri spirituo'sus liq'uidus, Solatia 
Muria'tis hydrar'gyri oxygenati, Liquor or Solu- 
tion of Corro'sive Sub'limate or of Van Swieten. 
(Hyd. oxym. gr. viij, aqua destill, sp. red. 
Dissolve in the water and add the spirit. 
Ph. P.) Dose, fjss, or fjj. 
Norton's Drops, Green's Drops, and Solomon's 
Anti-Impdig" enes-all nostrums-seem to be dis- 
guised solutions of Corrosive Sublimate., 
Liquor Hydrargyri Supernitratis, see Hy- 
drargyri nitras - 1. Ilydriodatis Arsenici et Hy- 
drargyri, Arsenic and mercury, iodide of. 
Liquor Io'dini Compos'itus, (Ph. U. S. 1842,) 
Liquor lodin'ii compos' itus, (Ph. U. S. 1851,) So- 
lu'tio Potas'sii Io'didi lodure'ta, Compound Solu- 
tion of Iodine, Lugol's Solution. (lodin. 3vj> 
Potass, iodid. Aqua destillat. Oj. Dissolve 
the iodine and iodide of potassium in the water. 
-- Ph. U. S.) Dose, gtt vj. ad xij, in sugared 
water. 
Liquor Lithargyri Subacetatis, L. plumbi 
subacetatis-1. Lithargyri subacetatis compositus, 
Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus. 
Liquor of Monro, Solution of Monro. A so- 
lution, used by Monro for the preservation of 
anatomical preparations. It was composed of 
alcohol at 22° or 24°, with a drachm of nitric 
acid to each pint. 
Liquor Morgag'nii. The small quantity of 
fluid contained within the capsule of the crystal- 
line lens. 
Liquor Morphi'nas seu Morphi.e Aceta'tis, 
Solution of Acetate of Morphia, An'odyne Drops. 
(Acetate of morphia, gr. xvj, distilled water, fjvj, 
dilute acetic acid, Dose, from six to 
twenty-four drops. 
Liquor seu Mor'phi.e Sulpha'- 
TIS, Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. (Morphia 
sulpkat. gr. viij, aqua destillat. Oss. Dissolve 
the sulphate of morphia in the water.-Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, fjj to fgij-containing from an eighth to 
a quarter of a grain. 
Liquor Natri Oxymuriatici, L. Sodac chlori- 
nate- 1. Nervinus Bangii, Tinctura aetherea 
camphorata- 1. Oleosus Sylvii, Spiritus ammo- 
nia? aromaticus-1. Opii sedativus, (Haden's,) see 
Tinctura opii. 
Liquor Opii Sedati'yus. An empirical pre- 
paration by a London druggist of the name of 
519 
LIQUOR 
Battley. It is said to be an aqueous solution 
of opium, evaporated to dryness to get rid 
of the acid resin, re-dissolved in water, and 
a small portion of alcohol added to give it per- 
manence.- Redwood. It is devoid of many of 
the narcotic effects of opium. 
Liquor Ovi Albus, Albumen ovi-1. Pancrea- 
ticus, see Pancreas - 1. Pericardii, see Pericar- 
dium- 1. Plumbi acetatis, L. P. subacetatis - 1. 
Plumbi diacetatis, Liquor Plumbi subacetatis. 
Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis, Liquor Subace- 
ta'tis Lithar'gyri, Solution of Subacetate of Lead, 
Liquor Plumbi Aceta'tis, L. P. Diaceta'tis, Gou- 
lard's Extrac'tum Satur'ni, Lithar'gyri Ace'turn, 
(F.) Liqueur de sous-acetate de Plornb. (Plumb, 
acet. Plumb, oxid. semivitr. in pulv. subtil, 
aq. destillat. Oiv. Boil together in a glass 
or porcelain vessel, for half an hour, occasionally 
adding distilled water, so as to preserve the mea- 
sure. Filter through paper, and keep the solu- 
tion in closely stopped bottles.-Ph. U. S.) It is 
used externally as a cooling astringent, and dis- 
cutient, when diluted with distilled water. 
Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis Dilu'tus, Li- 
quor Subaceta'tis Lithar'gyri Compos'itus, Aqua 
Satur'ni, Ace'tas Plumbi dilu'tum alcohol'icum, 
Diluted Solu'tion of Subac"etate of Lead, Aqua 
veg" eto-minera'lis, Tinctu'ra plumbo'sa, Aqua Li- 
thar'gyri Aceta'ti compos'ita, Liquor Plumbi Ace- 
ta'tis dilu'tus, Goulard water, (F.) Eau, blanche, 
Eau de Goulard, Eau vtgfto-minirale, White 
Wash, Royal Preventive. (Liq. plumbi subacet. 
fspj, aqua destillat. Oj. Ph. U. S.) Properties 
the same as the last, but feebler. 
Liquor Potas's.e, Aqua Potas'sa, Aqua Kali 
Gaust'ici, Solution of Potash or of Potassa, Lix- 
iv'ium magistrate, L. Sapona'rium, Soap Lees, 
Aqua Kali puri, Soap Ley, Lixiv'ium cau'sticum, 
Potas'sa liq'uida, (F.) Eau, solution ou liqueur de 
Potasse, Potasse liquide, Lessive des Savonniers. 
(Potasses carb. Ibj, calcis Ibsg, aqua destill, fer- 
vent. congium. Dissolve the alkali in Oij of the 
water, and add the remainder of the lime. Mix 
the whole: set aside in a close vessel, and, when 
cold, filter through calico. Ph. L.) It is anti- 
lithic in cases of uric acid calculi, and antacid. 
Externally, stimulant and eseharotic. Dose, gtt. 
x to xx. 
Liquor Potassa: Arsenitis, L. arsenicalis- 
1. Potassse Carbonatis, L. P. Subcarbonatis. 
Liquor Potass.e Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate 
of Potassa, Neutral Mixture, Saline Mixture. 
(Succ. Limon. Oss, Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s.) sa- 
turate by the carbonate of potassa, and filter; or, 
Acid. Citric 01. Limon. ij ; Aqua Oss, 
Potass. Bicarbonat. q. s.; dissolve, saturate by 
the carbonate of potassa, and filter. Ph. U. S.) 
Used in fever, but probably of little or no efficacy. 
Liquor Potassa: Subcarbona'tis, L. P. Car- 
bonatis (Ph. U. S.), Aqua Subcarbonatis Kali, 
O'leum Tar'tari per deliq'uium, Aqua Kali, Lix- 
iv'ium Tartari, Aqua Kali prapara'ti, Oil of 
Tartar, Saline oil of Tartar, Solu'tion of Subcar'- 
bonate of Potass, (F.) Liqueur de sous-carbonate 
de Potasse, Lessive de Tart re, (Potass, subcarb. 
Ibj, aqua destillat. Dissolve and filter-) 
Dose, gtt. x to xxx. 
Liquor Potassii Iodidi seu Potassa: IIydri- 
ORA'tiS, Solution of Iodide of Potassium or of 
Hydriodate of Potass. (Potassii iodid. gr. 36, 
aqua destillat. Dose, gtt. xx, three times 
a day. 
Liquor, Propagatory, Sperm-1. Prostaticus, 
Prostatic liquor-1. Puris, see Pus. 
Liquor Sang'uinis. A term given by Dr. 
Babington to one of the constituents of the 
blood, the other being the red particles. lie 
considers, from his experiments that fibrin and LIQUORICE 
senim do not exist as such in circulating blood, 
bu, that the Liquor Sanguinis - Plasma, of 
Schultz, Coagulable or plastic Lymph, the Muca- 
go or Mucilage of Harvey, Hewson and others- 
when removed from the circulation and no longer 
subjected to the laws of life, has then, and not 
before, the property of separating into fibrin and 
serum. It is the oxyprotein of the liquor san- 
guinis, after the red particles have subsided, 
and, according to Mulder, forms the bufiy coat 
of inflammatory blood. 
Liquor of Scarpa, Vitrine auditive. 
Liquor Sem'inis. The homogeneous, transpa- 
rent fluid, in which the spermatozoa and seminal 
granules are suspended.-Wagner. See Sperm. 
Liquor Soda: Chloridi, L. sodae chlorinatae. 
Liquor Soda: Chlorina'ta:, L. soda chlo'ridi, 
L. soda oaymuriat'ica, L. chlore'ti natri, L. chlo- 
rureti natri, L. chloreti soda, L. chlorure'ti soda, 
Natrum chlora'tum liq'uidum, L. natri oxymuri- 
at'ici, Aqua natri oxymuriat'ici, Labarraque's 
Disinfecting Liquid, Solution of Chlorinated 
Soda. (Calais Chlorinat. ft j ; Soda Carbonat. 
ftij ; Aqua cong. iss. Dissolve the carbonate of 
soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of 
heat. To the remainder of the water add, by 
small portions at a time, the chlorinated lime, 
previously well triturated, stirring the mixture 
after each addition. Set the mixture by for se- 
veral hours, that the dregs may subside ; decant 
the clear liquid, and mix it with the solution of 
carbonate of soda. Lastly, decant the clear li- 
quor from the precipitated carbonate of lime, pass 
it through a linen cloth, and keep it in bottles 
secluded from the light; Ph. U. S.) Used in the 
same cases as the chloride of lime. Internally, 
10 drops to a fluidrachm, for a dose. Diluted 
with water, it is an excitant and disinfectant in 
various morbi externi. 
Liquor Soda: Effervescens, Acidulous wa- 
ter, simple - 1. Sodae Oxymuriatiese, L. sodae 
chlorinatae-1. Stypticus Ruspini, Styptic, Ruspi- 
ni's-1. Sulphuricus Alcoolisatus, Spiritus setheris 
sulphurici - 1. Swietenis, L. hydrargyri oxymu- 
riatis - 1. Syphiliticus Turneri, L. hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis-1. Tartari emetici, Vinum antimonii 
tartarizati - 1. of Van Swieten, L. hydrargyri 
oxymuriatis. 
Liquor Volat'ilis Cornu Cervi, L. volat'ilis 
Cornu Cervi'ni, Vbl'atile Liquor of Hartshorn, 
Spir'itus Lumbrico'rum, Spir'itus Millepeda'rum, 
Spir'itus Cornu Cervi, Liquor volat'ilis os'sium ,• 
Hartshorn, Spirit of Hartshorn, Bone Spirit, (F.) 
Liqueur volatile de Come de cerf. This is a so- 
lution of subcarbonate of ammonia, impregnated 
with empyreumatic oil. It possesses the same 
virtues as the subcarbonate of ammonia. It is in 
common use to smell at, in faintings, <fcc. 
Liquor Volatilis Ossium, L. volatilis cornu 
cervi. 
Liquor Zinci Sulpha'tis cum Camph'ora, 
Aqua Zinci vitriola'ti cum Camphora, Aqua vi- 
triol'ica camphora'ta, Aqua ophthal'mica, Com- 
mon Eye Water. (Zinci sulph.%88, camphor, £ij, 
aq. bullient. Oij ; dissolve and filter.) Used as a 
lotion for ulcers; or, diluted with water, as a col- 
lyrium. 
LIQUORICE, Glycyrrhiza- 1. Bush, Abrus 
precatorius - 1. Juice, see Glycyrrhiza - 1. Re- 
fined, Extractum glycyrrhizae-1. Spanish, see 
Glycyrrhiza-1. Wild, Aralia nudicaulis, Galium 
circmzans. 
LIQUORITIA, Glycyrrhiza. 
LIRIODEN'DRON, Liriodendron tulipifera, 
Tulipifera Lirioden'dron, Old wife's shirt, Tulip 
Tree, Poplar Tree, Tulip-bearing Poplar, Ameri- 
can Poplar, White JFoorf, Cypress Tree, (New 
England,) (F.) Tulipier. The bark - Lirioden- 
520 
LITHODRASSIC 
dron (Ph. U. S.)-especially of the root, of this 
noble forest tree, which is indigenous in the 
United States, is a strong aromatic bitter, and 
has been employed advantageously as a tonic. 
An active principle was separated from it by Pro- 
fessor J. P. Emmet of the University of Virginia, 
and has been called Lirioden'drin. It is not 
used in medicine. 
LIS BLANC, Lilium candidum-I. Asphodele, 
Asphodelus ramosus. 
LISERON, GRAND, Convolvulus sepium - 
I. des Huies, Convolvulus sepium-I. MecTiameek, 
Convolvulus panduratus. 
LISTON'S ISINGLASS PLASTER, see Spa- 
radrapum adhaesivum. 
LITE, \irrj. A plaster, formerly made of ver- 
digris, wax, and resin.- Galen. 
LITIIAGO'GUM, from Xiflo;, 'a stone,' and 
ayu), 'I expel.' A remedy which was supposed 
to possess the power of expelling calculi. Also, 
a lithotomy forceps. 
LITHANTHRAX, Carbo fossilis. 
LITHANTHROKOKALI, Anthrakokali. 
LITHARGE, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum-1. 
of Gold, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum-1. of 
Silver, see Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
LITIIARGYRI ACETUM, Liquorplumbi sub- 
acetatis. 
LITIIARGYRUM, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
treum. 
LITIIARGYRUS, Plumbi oxydum semivi- 
treum. 
LITHAS, Urate. 
LITHATE, Urate-1. of Soda, Urate of soda. 
LITIIEC'TASY, from XiOoj, 'a stone,' and 
tKraais, ' dilatation;' Cystec'tasy. An operation 
which consists in extracting stone from the blad- 
der by dilating the neck of the organ, after mak- 
ing an incision in the perineum, and opening the 
membranous portion of the urethra. 
LITII'IA, Lithi'asis, Lithogen'ia, Uri'asis, 
Urolithi'asis, Cachex'ia calculo' sa, Cal'culi Mor- 
bus, Lapilla'tio, Genera'tio cal'culi, from hiOos, ' a 
stone.' The formation of stone, gravel, or con- 
cretions in the human body. Also, an affection 
in which the eyelids are edged with small, hard, 
and stone-like concretions. 
Lith'ia, Car'bonate of, Lith'i# Car'bonas, 
(F.) Carbonate de Lithine. A salt found in cer- 
tain mineral waters, which have been serviceable 
in lithuria. Hence, it has been suggested in that 
morbid condition. 
Lithia Renalis Arenosa, Gravel-1. Renalis, 
Nephrolithiasis - 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, vesical. 
LITHIj® CARBONAS, Lithia, carbonate of. 
LITHIASIS, Lithia - 1. Cystica, Calculi, ve- 
sical- 1. Nephretica, Gravel, Nephrolithiasis. 
Lithi'asis Pulmo'num, Pulmo'nes tartariza'ti. 
The formation of concretions in the lungs, occa- 
sioning at times Phthisis calculo'sa, Phthisic cal- 
culeuse, of Bayle. 
Lithiasis Renalis Arenosa, Gravel - 1. Re- 
nalis, Nephrolithiasis - 1. Vesicalis, Calculi, ve- 
sical. 
LITHIC, Lith'icus. Same etymon. Belong- 
ing to lithic or uric acid, or to stone: hence 
Lithic Diath'esis. Also, an antilithic. 
Lithic Acid, Uric acid-1. Acid diathesis, Li- 
thuria- 1. Diathesis, Lithuria-1. Sediments, see 
Lithuria. 
LITHINE, CARBONATE DE, Lithia, car- 
bonate of. 
LITHIURIA, Lithuria. 
LITHOCENOSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHOCYSTOTOMY, Lithotomy. 
LITHODIALYSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHODRAS'SIC, Lithodras'sicus, (F.) Litho- LITHOGENIA 
drassique, from XiOoi, 'a stone,' and Spaaasiv, 'to 
seize hold of.' An epithet given to a form of 
Stone forceps-Pince lithodrassique-used in the 
operation of lithotrity, by MM. Meirieu and Tan- 
chou. 
LITHOGENIA, Lithia. 
LITHOID, Litho'des, Litho'i'des ; from X<0oj, 
'stone,' and «5oy, 'resemblance.' Of the nature 
of stone, or resembling stone : as 
LITHOIDES OS, see Temporal bone. 
LITHO LABE, (F.) Lithol' abum. An instru- 
ment, employed for laying hold of a stone in the 
bladder, and keeping it fixed, so that lithotritic 
instruments can act upon it 
LITHOLABON, Forceps, (Lithotomy.) 
LITHOL'ABUM, from Xidof, 'a stone,' and 
Xap&avw, 'I seize.' An instrument concerned in 
extracting stone from the bladder. It had va- 
rious shapes. - Fabricius ab Aquapendente, Hil- 
danus. See Litholabe. 
LITHOME'TRA, from MOoj, 'a stone,' and 
pnrpa, 'the uterus.' Osseous, or other concre- 
tions of the uterus. 
LITHONLYTIC, Lithontriptic. 
LITHONTHRYPTIC, Lithontriptic. 
LITHONTRIP'TIC, Lithontrip'ticus, Lithon- 
thryp'tic, Lithonlyt'ic, Calculif'ragus, Saxifra- 
ges, from Xdtos, ' a stone,' and dpvirrw, ' I break 
in pieces.' A remedy believed to be capable of 
dissolving calculi in the urinary passages. There 
is not much reliance to be placed upon such re- 
medies. By antilithics, exhibited according to 
the chemical character of the calculus (see Cal- 
culi, urinary,) the disease may be prevented from 
increasing; but most of the vaunted lithontriptics 
for dissolving the calculus already formed have 
been found unworthy of the high encomiums 
which have accompanied their introduction. 
LITHOP-zE'DION, Infans lapide'us, Osteopa'- 
dion, from Xt3us, ' a stone,' and irmj, ' a child.' 
A foetus, petrified in the body of the mother. 
LITHOPRINIE, Lithotrity. 
LITHO PRIONE, from X160;, 'a stone,' and 
Trpjcov, 'a saw.' An instrument proposed by M. 
Leroy for preventing the fragments of a calculus, 
when subjected to lithotrity, from falling into the 
bladder. It is a variety of litholabe. 
L1TH0RINEUR, from XtOos, 'a stone,' and 
pii'tiv, 'to file.' An instrument, proposed by MM. 
Meirieu and Tanchou for filing down calculi in 
the bladder. 
LITHOS, Calculus. 
LITHOSPER'MUM OFFICINA'LE, Mil'ium 
Solis, Gromwell, Bastard Al'kanet, 
(F.) Gremil officinal, Herbe aux Perles. The 
seeds of this plant were formerly supposed, from 
their stony hardness, (XiSos, 'a stone,' and arttppa, 
' seed,') to be efficacious in calculous affections. 
They have, also, been considered diuretic. 
Lithospeiimum Villosum, Anchusa tinctoria. 
LITHOTERE'THRUM, from Xd)os, 'stone,' 
and rtptiv, 1 to rub.' A lithotritor. 
LITHOTHRYPSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHOTHRYPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
LITHOTOME, Lithot'omus, from A<5oy, 'a 
stone,' and rrpvu), ' I cut.' This name has been 
given to a number of instruments of different 
shapes and sizes, which are used in the opera- 
tion for the stone, to cut the neck or body of the 
bladder. They ought, with more propriety, to be 
called Cystotomes. 
The Lithotome Cache of Frfire Come is the 
most known, and is still occasionally used. It 
is composed of a handle, and a flattened sheath, 
slightly curved: in this there is a cutting blade, 
which can be forced out, by pressing upon a bas- 
521 
LITHOTOMY 
cule or lever, to any extent that may be wished 
by the operator. 
A Double Lithotome was used by Dupuytren 
in his bilateral operation. See Lithotomy. 
LIT1I0T 'OMIST. Same etymon. Lithot'o- 
mus. One who devotes himself entirely to ope- 
rating for the stone. One who practises litho- 
tomy. 
LITHOT'OMY, Lithotom'ia, Cystotom'ia, Uro- 
lithotom'ia, Sectio vesica'lis, Lithoeystot'omy, same 
etymon. (F.) Taille. The operation by which a 
stone is extracted from the bladder. The dif- 
ferent methods, according to which this opera- 
tion may be practised, are reducible to five prin- 
cipal ; each of which has experienced numerous 
modifications. 
1. The Method of Celsus, Meth'odus Celsia'na, 
Cystotom'ia cum appara'tu parvo, Appara'tus Mi- 
nor, Cutting on the Gripe. This consisted in cut- 
ting upon the stone, after having made it project 
at the perinaeum by means of the fingers intro- 
duced into the rectum. This method was at- 
tended with several inconveniences; such as the 
difficulty of dividing the parts neatly, injury done 
to the bladder, as well as the impossibility of 
drawing down the stone in many persons. It is 
sometimes, also, called Meth'odus Guytonia'na ; 
from Guy de Chauliac having endeavoured to 
remove from it the discredit into which it had 
fallen in his time. It was termed Ajiporuiaa Mi- 
nor, (F.) Le petit appareil, from the small num- 
ber of instruments required in it. 
2. Apparatus Major. This method was in- 
vented, in 1520, by John de Romani, a surgeon 
of Cremona, and communicated by him to Mari- 
ano-Santo-di-Barletta, whence it was long called 
Mariano's Method, Sec'tio Maria'na. It was 
called, also, Apparatus Major, and Cystotom'ia vol 
Meth'odus cum appara'tu magno, (F.) Le grand 
appareil, from the number of instruments re- 
quired in it. An incision was made on the me- 
dian line; but the neck of the bladder was not 
comprehended in it. It was merely dilated. The 
greater apparatus was liable to many inconveni- 
ences, such as ecchymoses; contusion; inflam- 
mation of the neck of the bladder; abscesses; 
urinary fistulas; incontinence of urine; impo- 
tence, <fcc. 
3. The High Operation, Apparatus altus, Cys- 
totom'ia cum apparatu alto, C. Hypogas'trica, 
Epicystotom'ia, Laparocystotom'ia, Sectio sen 
Meth'odus Franconia'na, S. Hypogas'trica, S', 
alta, (F.) Haut appareil, Taille Hypogastrique, 
Taille sus-pubienne, was first practised by Peter 
Franco, about the middle of the 16th century. 
It consisted in pushing the stone above the pubis 
by the fingers introduced into the rectum. Rous- 
set afterwards proposed to make the bladder rise 
above the pubis by injecting it. The method had 
fallen into discredit, when Frere Come revived it. 
It is used when the calculus is very large. It 
was practised by opening first the membranous 
part of the urethra upon the catheter passed into 
the canal. Through this incision, the Sonde d 
dard - a species of catheter, having a spear- 
pointed stilet- was introduced into the bladder. 
An incision was then made into the linea alba, 
above the symphysis pubis, of about four or five 
fingers' breadth, and the peritoneum detached 
to avoid wounding it. The stilet was pushed 
through the bladder, and used as a director for 
the knife, with which the bladder was divided 
anteriorly, as far as the neck; and the stone ex- 
tracted. It was performed in England by Doug- 
lass, in 1719, and since by others, with various 
modifications. 
4. The Lateral Operation, 
Cystotom'ia latera'lis, Cystauehcnotum'ia, Cysto- LITHOTRESIS 
trachelotom'ia, Urethroeystauchenotom' ia, Ure- 
throcysteotrachelotom'ia, See'tio latera'lis, Appa- 
ra' tus latera'lis, (F.) Appareil lateralis?, so 
named from the prostate gland and neck of the 
bladder being cut laterally, was probably in- 
vented by Peter Franco. It was introduced into 
France by Frere Jacques de Beaulieu. He per- 
formed it with rude instruments, invented by 
himself, and improved by the suggestions of some 
of the Parisian surgeons. In England, it re- 
ceived its earliest and most important improve- 
ments from the celebrated Cheselden. It is the 
method practised at the present day, according 
to different modes of procedure. In this method, 
the patient is placed upon a table ; his legs and 
thighs are bent and separated; the hands being 
tied to the feet. The perinaeum is then shaved, 
and a staff is introduced into the bladder; the 
handle being turned towards the right groin of 
the patient. An oblique incision is now made 
from the raphe to the middle of a line drawn 
from the anus to the tuberosity of the ischium 
of the left side; and taking the staff for a guide, 
the integuments, areolar tissue of the perinaeum, 
membranous portion of the urethra, transversus 
perinaei muscle, bulbo-eavernosus, some fibres of 
the levator ani, the prostate and neck of the 
bladder, are successively divided. For this latter 
part of the operation, the knife, the beaked bis- 
toury, Bistouri ou Lithotome Cache, cutting gor- 
get, &c., is used, according to the particular pre- 
ference. The forceps are now introduced into 
the bladder, and the stone extracted. In the 
operation, care must be taken not to injure the 
rectum, or the great arterial vessels, distributed 
to the perinaeum. 
A variety of the Lateral Apparatus, called by 
the French Appareil latiral, consisted in cutting 
into the bat-fond of the bladder, without touch- 
ing the neck of that organ : but it was soot 
abandoned, on account of its inconveniences. 
The method of Le Cat and of Pajola-Urethro- 
cysteo-aneurysmatotom'ia- consists in dividing 
the prostate in part only, - the enlargement of 
the wound being effected by a peculiar dilator. 
The Bilateral Operation is founded on that of 
Celsus. It consists in making an incision poste- 
rior to the bulb of the urethra, and anterior to 
the anus, involving both sides of the perinaeum 
by crossing the raphe at right angles: an incision 
is then made through the membranous part of 
the urethra, and the prostate may be cut bilate- 
rally, either with the double lithotome of Dupuy- 
tren, or the prostatic bisector of Dr. Stevens, of 
New York. 
5. Lithotomy by the Rectum, Proctocystotom'ia, 
See'tio recto-vesica'Us, (F.) Taille par la Rectum, 
Taille poeterieure, T. Recto-visicale. This was 
proposed by Vegetius in the 16th century; but it 
was never noticed until M. Sanson, in the year 
1817, attracted attention to it; since which time 
it has been successfully performed in many in- 
stances. It consists in penetrating the bladder 
Through the paries corresponding with the rec- 
tum, by first cutting the sphincter ani and rectum 
about the root of the penis, and penetrating the 
bladder by the neck of that organ, dividing the 
prostate,-or by its bas-fond. 
Lithotomy in women, from the shortness of the 
urethra, is a comparatively insignificant operation. 
Lithotomy by the Rectum, see Lithotomy-1. 
by the Vagina, see Lithotomy. 
LITIIOTRESIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSIS, Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPSY, Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRIPTORS, see Lithotrity. 
LITHOTRITES, see Lithotrity. 
LITHOTBITEURS, see Lithotrity. 
522 
LIVER 
LITIIOTRITOR, see Lithotrity. 
L IT II0 T' RIT Y, Lithotri'tia, Lithotrypsy, 
Lithotripsy, Lithothrip'sy, Lithothrypsis, Litho- 
tre'sis, Lithotripsis, Ljithoceno'sis, Lithodial'y sis, 
Lithoprinie, from 'a stone,' and ryi/Su, 'I 
break.' The operation of breaking or bruising 
the stone in the bladder. It has been performed, 
of late years, with success, by French, and, after 
them, by English and American surgeons. The 
instruments employed for this purpose are called, 
in the abstract, Lithotrites, Lithotriteurs, Lithot'- 
ritors, Lithotriptors, and Lithothryptors. The 
most celebrated are those of Civiale, Jacobson, 
Ileurteloup and Weiss. See Brise-Pierre articuli, 
and Percuteur d Marteau. 
LITHOXIDU'RIA, from hiOos, 'a stone,' ox- 
ide, and ovpov, ' urine.' The discharge of urine 
containing lithic or xanthic oxide. 
LITHU'RIA, Lithiu'ria, Lithourorrhte (Pi- 
orry;) from ><0oy, 'a stone,' and ovpov, 'urine.' 
Lithic Diath'esis, Lithic Acid Diathesis. The 
condition of the system and of the urine in which 
deposits of lithic acid and the lithates - Lithic 
sediments-take place from the urine. See Urine. 
LITHUS, Calculus. 
LITMUS, Lichen roccella. 
LITRA, Pound. 
LITRE, Litra. A measure containing a cubed 
decimetre, which is equal nearly to 2.1135 pints. 
The ancients gave the name litra, hirpa, to a 
measure capable of containing 16 ounces of 
liquid. 
LITSASA CUBEBA, Piper cubeba - 1. Pipe- 
rita, Piper cubeba. 
LITUS, Liniment. 
LIVECHE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
LIVER, Sax. lipep, Hepar, Jecur, Jec"inus, 
(F.) Foie. The liver is the largest gland in the 
body. It is an azygous organ; unsymmetrical; 
very heavy; and of a brownish-red colour; oc- 
cupying the whole of the right hypochondrium, 
and a part of the epigastrium. Above, it corre- 
sponds to the diaphragm ; below, to the stomach, 
transverse colon, and right kidney; behind, to 
the vertebral column, aorta, and vena cava; and 
before, to the base of the chest. Its upper sur- 
face is convex; the lower, irregularly convex 
and concave, so that anatomists have divided the 
organ into three lobes, - a large or right or colic 
lobe; - a lesser lobe, lobule, or inferior lobe, the 
Lobulus Spigelii,-and a middle or left lobe. At 
its inferior surface, are observed : - 1. A Sulcus 
or Furrow or Fissure, called horizontal or longi- 
tudinal, Great fissure, Fossa Umbilica'lis, (F.) 
Sillon horizontal, longitudinal, S. de la veine om- 
bilicale, Sulcus antero-posterior Jec'oris, S. hori- 
zonta'lis Jec'oris, S. longitudina'lis Jecoris, S. 
sin is'ter Jecoris, S. Umbilica'lis, which lodges, in 
the foetus, the umbilical vein and ductus venosus. 
2. The Principal Fissure, termed Sulcus Trans- 
versus vel Sinus Porta'rum, Fissure of the Vena 
porta, Portal Fissure, (F.) Sillon transversal ou 
de la veine porte, which receives the sinus of the 
vena porta. 3. The Fissure of the Vena Cava in- 
fe'rior, Sillon de la veine cave inferieure, situate 
at the posterior margin of the organ, and lodging 
the vena cava inferior. 4. The Lobulus Spige'lii, 
or posterior portal eminence. 5. The anterior por- 
tal eminence, Auri'ga vel Lobulus anon'ymus. 6. 
Depressions corresponding to the upper surface 
of the stomach, gall-bladder, arch of the colon, 
right kidney, <te. Continued from the fossa um- 
bilicalis is a small fossa, called Fossa Ductus Ve- 
•no'si, between the left lobe and Lobulus Spigelii. 
The posterior margin of the liver is very thick ; 
much more so than the anterior. The liver is 
surrounded by a serous or peritoneal covering, LIVER 
which forms for it a suspensory or broad ligament 
and two lateral and triangular ligaments. See 
Falx. The blood-vessels of the liver are very 
numerous. The hepatic artery and vena porta 
furnish it with the blood necessary for its nutri- 
tion and the secretion of bile. The hepatic veins 
convey away the blood, which has served those 
purposes. The lymphatic vessels are very nume- 
rous : some being superficial; others deep-seated. 
The nerves are, also, numerous, and proceed from 
the pneumogastric, diaphragmatic, and from the 
hepatic plexuses. 
The intimate structure of the parenchyma of 
the liver has been well studied. When cut, it pre- 
sents a porous appearance, owing to the division 
of a multitude of small vessels. When torn, it 
seems formed of granulations ; - the intimate 
structure of which has given rise to many hypo- 
theses. In these granulations are contained the 
radicles of the excretory ducts of the bile ; the 
union of which constitutes the hepatic duct. Ac- 
cording to M. Kiernan, the intimate structure 
consists of a number of lobules composed of in- 
tralobular or hepatic veins, which convey the 
blood back that has been inservient to the secre- 
tion of bile. The interlobular plexus of veins is 
formed by branches of the vena porta, which con- 
tain both the blood of the vena porta and of the 
hepatic artery; both of which, according to Mr. 
Kiernan, furnish the pabulum of the biliary se- 
cretion. The biliary ducts form likewise an inter- 
lobular plexus, having an arrangement similar to 
that of the interlobular veins. Mr. Kiernan's 
views are embraced by many anatomists; but 
are denied by some. 
The liver is the only organ, which, indepen- 
dently of the red blood carried to it by the hepa- 
tic artery, receives black blood by the vena porta. 
The general opinion is, that the vena porta is the 
fluid which furnishes bile, whilst that of the artery 
affords blood for the nutrition of the liver. It is 
probable, however, that bile is secreted by the 
latter vessel. 
The liver is liable to a number of diseases. 
The principal are - Hepati'tis or inflammation, 
cancer, biliary calculi, encysted and other tumours 
or tubercles, hydatids, &c.; and it has, at times, 
been the fashion to refer to it as the cause of 
symptoms with which it is in no wise connected. 
Liver, Hepar. Under this name the ancients 
designated several substances, having a brownish 
colour, analogous to that of the liver; and com- 
posed of sulphur and some other body. See Po- 
tassae Sulphuretum, Liver of Sulphur. 
Liver of Antimony is the semi-vitreous sul- 
phuret, <tc. 
Liver Disease, Hepatopathia-1. Fatty, Adi- 
posis hepatica-1. Gin, L. nutmeg-1. Gin-drink- 
ers', L. nutmeg-l.Granulated,Cirrhosis of the liver. 
Liver-Grown, Tu'mido jec'ore pros'di tus. 
Having a large liver. 
Liver, Hobnail, Cirrhosis of the liver - 1. 
Mammillated, Cirrhosis of the liver. 
Liver, Nutmeg, Tu'beriform liver. An ap- 
pearance of the liver when cut across, resembling 
that of the section of a nutmeg; supposed by 
some to be the result of intemperance in the use 
of alcoholic drinks; but occurring under other 
causes. The terms whisky liver, gin-drinkers' 
liver, and gin liver, occasionally applied to it, 
are, consequently, not distinctive. 
Liver Spot, Chloasma-1. Tuberculated, Cir- 
rhosis of the liver - 1. Tuberiform, L. nutmeg - 
1. Weed, Hepatica triloba-1. Whisky, L. nutmeg 
- 1. Wort, Hepatica triloba, Marchantia poly- 
morpha - 1. Wort, ground, ash-coloured. Lichen 
caninus - 1. Wort, Iceland, Lichen Islandicus - 
L Wort, noble, Hepatica triloba. 
523 
LOBELIA 
LIVIDUS MUSCULUS, Pectinalis. 
LIVOR, Suggillation - 1. Sanguineus, see Ec- 
chymoma. 
LIVRE, Pound. 
LIXIVIA TARTARIZATA, Potass® tartras 
- 1. Vitriolata, Potass® sulphas - 1. Vitriolata 
sulphurea, Potass® sulphas cum sulphure. 
LIXIVIzE seu KALICUM ACETAS, Potass® 
acetas. 
LIXIV'IAL, Lixivia'sub, from lixivium, 'lee.* 
(F.) Lixivial, Lixivieux. An ancient term for 
salts obtained by washing vegetable ashes,-such 
as the fixed alkalies. 
LIXIVI A' T10 N, Elixivia'tion, Lixivia'tio. 
Same etymon. An operation which consists in 
washing wood-ashes with water, sd as to dissolve 
the soluble parts. The filtered liquor is the lee. 
LIXIV'IUM, Lixiv'ia, Con'ia, Lee, Ley, Lye, 
(F.) Lessive. Any solution containing potass 
or soda - Sal lixivia'sum - in excess; from lix, 
' potash.' 
Lixivium Ammoniacale, Liquor ammoni® - 
1. Ammoniacale aromaticum, Spiritus ammoni® 
aromaticus - 1. Causticum, Liquor potass®-1. 
Magistrate, Liquor potass® - 1. Saponarium, Li- 
quor potass® - 1. Tartari, Liquor potass® sub- 
carbon atis. 
LIZARD, Lacer'ta, Lacer'tus, said to be so 
called in consequence of its limbs resembling the 
arms (lacerti) of man (?). Saura, Sauros, (F.) 
Lezard. Lizards were formerly employed in me- 
dicine as sudorifics; and were, at one time, ex- 
tolled in syphilis, cutaneous affections, and in 
cancer. 
LIZARD'S TAIL, Saururus cernuus. 
LOADSTONE, Magnet. 
LOATHING, Disgust. 
LOBARIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus 
- 1. Pulmonaria, Lichen pulmonarius - 1. Saxa- 
tilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
LOBE, Lobus. A round, projecting part of an 
organ. The liver, lungs, and'brain, for example, 
have lobes. 
Lobe of the Ear, Lob'ule of the Ear, is a soft, 
rounded prominence, which terminates the cir- 
cumference of the pavilion inferiorly, and which 
is pierced in those who wear rings. 
The under surface of the brain is divided into 
two anterior, two lateral, two posterior, and two 
intermediate lobes or processes. These Chanssier 
calls lobules of the brain: the cerebral hemi- 
spheres he terms lobes. 
Lobe, Biven'tral. A wedge-shaped lobe of 
the cerebellum, situate behind the amygdala. 
LOBE DOUDENAL, Lobulus Spigelii - I. 
Pancrtatique, Lobulus Spigelii-I. Petit du foie, 
Lobulus Spigelii-I. de Spigel, Lobulus Spigelii. 
LOBELIA, BLUE, L. syphilitica. 
Lobe'lia Cardina'lis, Lobelia coccin'ea, Tra- 
che'lium Ameri'canum, Car'dinal Plant, Car'di- 
nal Flower, Scarlet Lobelia. This species is also 
indigenous in the United States. It blooms in 
autumn, having beautiful carmine flowers. The 
root is a reputed anthelmintic with the Indians. 
Lobelia Coccinea, L. Cardinalis. 
Lobe'lia Infla'ta, Indian Tobac'co, Wild To- 
bac'co, Puke Weed, Asthma Weed, Eyebright, 
Emet'ic Weed, Lobe'lia (Ph. U. S.) The promi- 
nent virtues of this American plant are those of 
an emetic. In smaller doses it is sedative, and 
has been given as a pectoral in croup, asthma, 
<tc. It is, also, sudorific and cathartic, and is 
an aeronarcotic poison. Twenty grains act as an 
emetic. 
Lobelia Pinifo'lia. A South African plant, 
Nat. Ord. Campanulace®, the root of which is 
excitant and diaphoretic. A decoction of it is LOBES 
sometimes used in the Cape Colony as a domestic 
remedy in cutaneous affections, chronic rheuma- 
tism, and gout. 
Lobelia, Scarlet, L. Cardinalis. 
Lobelia Syphilit'ica, Lobelia reflex'a, Ra- 
nun,'cuius Virginia'nus, Rapun'tium Syphilit'i- 
cum, Blue Lobelia, Blue Car'dinal Flower. The 
root of this plant, which is indigenous in the 
United States, is an emetic and drastic cathartic. 
It has been used in syphilis; hence its name. 
The mode of preparing it is to boil §ss of the 
dried root in Oxij of water, until the fluid is re- 
duced to Oviij. Dose, Oss. 
LOBES, CEREBRAL, see Lobe. 
Lobes of the Liver, Pinna seaLobi seuPin'- 
nula He'patis. See Lobule. 
Lobes, Optic, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
LOBI 1IEPATIS, Lobes of the liver - 1. Pul- 
monum, see Pulmo. 
LOB'ULAR, Lobula' ris. Same etymon as Lo- 
bule. Relating to or belonging to a lobule : - as 
lobular pneumonia, (F.) Pneumonic lobulaire, P. 
inamelonnie, P. disseminte. Pneumonia anatomi- 
cally characterized by nuclei of red or gray hepa- 
tization disseminated in variable numbers in one 
or both lungs. 
Lobular Biliary Plexus. The plexus formed 
of lobular hepatic ducts, which are derived chiefly 
from the interlobular. This plexus forms the prin- 
cipal part of the substance of the lobule. 
Lobular Venous Plexus. The plexus inter- 
posed between the interlobular portal veins, and 
the intralobular hepatic vein. 
LOB'ULE, Lob'ulus, diminutive of Lobus. A 
little lobe. Mr. Kiernan uses the term lobule for 
an acinus of the liver of many anatomists. 
Lobule of the Corpus Striatum, Insula ce- 
rebri- 1. of the Ear, Lobe of the Ear - 1. of the 
Fissure of Sylvius, Insula cerebri - 1. Pneumo- 
gastric, Flocculus. 
LOBULE DU FOIE, Lobulus Spigelii. 
LOBULUS ACCESSORIUS ANTERIOR 
QUADRATUS, L. anonymus. 
Lob'ulus seu Lobus Anon'ymus, L. accesso'- 
rius ante'rior quadra' tus, L. quadra'tus, (F.) 
Eminence porte anterieure. This is situate in the 
liver between the passage for the round ligament 
and the gall-bladder, and is less prominent, but 
broader, than the Lobulus caudatus. From the 
lobulus anonymus a bridge runs across the pas- 
sage for the round ligament. It is called Pons 
vel Isthmus he'patis. 
Lobulus seu Lobus Cauda'tus, Proces'sus 
caudatus. This is merely the root or one of the 
angles of the lobulus Spigelii, advancing towards 
the middle of the lower side of the great lobe, 
and representing a kind of tail. Also, the termi- 
nation of the helix and anthelix of the ear, which 
is separated from the concha by an extensive 
fissure. 
Lob'ulus Centra'lis. A small lobule or pro- 
minence of the superior vermiform process of the 
cerebellum, situate in the incisura anterior. 
Lobulus Nasi, see Nasus - 1. Pneumogastri- 
cus, Flocculus-1. Posterior, L. Spigelii-1. Pos- 
ticus papillatus, L. Spigelii - 1. Quadratus, L. 
anonymus. 
Lobulus seu Lobus Spige'lii, L. posterior, L. 
posti'cus papilla'tus, (F.) Eminence porte poste- 
rieure, Lobide ou Petit lobe du foie, Lobe de Spi- 
gel, Lobe duodenal, L. pancriatique, is situate 
near the spine, upon the left side of the great 
lobe of the liver, and is of a pyramidal shape, 
projecting, like a nipple, between the cardia and 
vena cava, at the small curvature of the stomach. 
LOBI S, Lobe, see Lobulus. 
LOCAL, Loca'lis, Top'icus, Mer'icus, Partia'lis, 
Top'ical. (F.) Locale, Topique. An affection is 
524 
LCEMOLOGT 
called local - Morbus Loca'lis,- when confined 
to a part, without implicating the general system; 
or, at all events, only secondarily. Local is thus 
opposed to general. A local or topical application 
is one used externally. See Topical. 
LOCH, Looch. 
LOCHADES, sec Sclerotic. 
LOCHI'A or LO'CHIA, Purgamen'ta Puerpe'- 
rii seu U'teri, Purga'tio puerpe'rii, Lyma, from 
'a woman in childbed;' (F.) /Suites de 
couches, Vidanges. The cleansings. A serous 
and sanguineous discharge following delivery. 
During the first two or three days, it is bloody ; 
but afterwards becomes green-coloured, and ex- 
hales a disagreeable and peculiar odour. The 
duration, quantity, and character of the discharge 
vary according to numerous circumstances. It 
flows from the part of the uterus which formed a 
medium of communication between the mother 
and foetus, and continues, usually, from 14 to 21 
days. See Parturition. 
LOCHIOCtELIITIS, Puerperal fever. 
LOCHIODOCHIUM, Lochodochium. 
LOCHIOPYRA, Puerperal fever. 
LOCHIORRHAG"IA, from and pnyvvpi, 
'I make an irruption.' An immoderate flow of 
the lochia. Hemorrhage from the uterus in the 
child-bed state. 
LOCHIORRHCE'A, from 'the lochia,' 
and pew, ' I flow.' Discharge of the lochia. 
LOCHIORUM RETENTIO, Ischolochia. 
LOCHIOSCHESIS, Ischolochia. 
LOCHOCH, Looch, 
LOCHODOCHI'UM, Lochiodochium, from 
' a female in childbed,' and &xogat, ' I re- 
ceive.' An institution for the reception of preg- 
nant and childbed females. A Lying-in-hospital. 
LOCHOS, Puerpera. 
LOCI, Uterus-1. Muliebres, Uterus, Vulva. 
LOCKED JAW, Trismus. 
LOCOMOTILITY, see Locomotion. 
LOCOMO'TION, Locomo'tio, from locus, 'a 
place, and inovere, ' to move.' An action peculiar 
to animal bodies, by which they transport them- 
selves from place to place. It, as well as muscu- 
la'tion, has also been used for the function of ani- 
mal movements. The faculty is sometimes called 
Locomotiv'ity and Locomotil'ity. 
Locomotion of an Artery, is the movement 
produced in a vessel with a curvature, by the im- 
pulse of the blood sent from the heart, which 
tends to straighten the artery, and causes the 
movement in question. 
LOCOMOTIVITY, see Locomotion. 
LOCUS NIGER, see Peduncles of the Brain. 
Locus Perfora'tus Anti'cus. A triangular 
flat surface of the brain, which corresponds to the 
posterior extremity of each olfactory process. 
Locus Perforatus Posticus, Tarini pons. 
LOCUST, BLACK, Robinia Pseudo-acacia - 
1. Eaters, Acridophagi-1. Plant, Cassia Marilan- 
dica-1. Tree, Robinia Pseudo-acacia-1. Yellow, 
Cladrastis tinctoria. 
LODOICEA, see Coco of the Maldives. 
LOECHE, MINERAL WATERS OF, Leuk, 
mineral waters of. 
LCEME, Plague. 
LCEMIA, Plague. 
LG5MICUM, see Loemology. 
LfEMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
LCEMOGRAPHY, Loimography. 
LffiMOLOGIUM, see Loemology. 
L (E M OL ' 0 G Y, Loe.molog"ia, from Aotpoj, 
'plague,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' The doc- 
trine of plague and pestilential diseases. A trea- 
tise on the same, - Loe'micum, Loemolog" ium. LCEMOPHTIIALMIA 
LCEMOPHTHALMIA, see Ophthalmia. 
L2EMOPYRA, Plague. 
LfEMOS, Plague. 
LOGADES, Sclerotic. 
LOGADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
LOGIATROS, Logiater ; from Xoyot, 'a word,' 
and tarpos, ' a physician.' In the bad sense, a 
physician without experience; a mere theorist. 
In the good sense, a rational physician ; one who 
treats disease according to theoretical or scien- 
tific principles. 
LOGOS, Reason. 
LOGWOOD, Hiematoxylon Campechianum. 
LOG''Y, Xoyof, ' a description.' A suffix de- 
noting ' a treatise or description.' Hence, An- 
giology and Neurology, &e. 
LOHOCH, Looch. 
LOIMOCHOLOSIS, Fever, yellow. 
L 01 M 0 G'RAP IIY, Loimograph'ia, Loemog'- 
raphy, from Xoigos, ' plague,' and ypa<pw, ' I de- 
scribe.' A description of the plague and pesti- 
lential diseases. 
LOIMOLOGY, Loemology. 
LOIMOS, Plague. 
LOINS, Lumbi. 
LOLIACEUM RADICE REPENTE, Triti- 
cum repens. 
LOLIUM ANNUUM, L. temulentum. 
Lo'lium Temulhnt'um, L. an'nuwn, Crepa'lia 
temulen'ta, Bromus temulen'tus, Darnel (F.) Her- 
be d'Ivrogne. A species of the genus Lolium, 
(F.) Ivraie ; Fam. Graininess; Sex. Syst. Trian- 
dria digynia, which has decidedly poisonous pro- 
perties ; occasioning, when mixed in bread or 
beer, intoxication, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. 
LOMBAIRE, Lumbar. 
LOMBO-ABDOMINAL, Transversalis abdo- 
minis- I. Costal, Serratus posticus inferior - I. 
Costo-trachllien, Sacro-lumbalis-I. Dorso-spinal, 
Transversalis dorsi-Z. Dorso-trachelien, Longis- 
simus dorsi - I. Humlral, Latissimus dorsi - I. 
Sacrt, Lumbo-sacral. 
LOMBRIC, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
LOMBRICOIDE, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
LONCHADES, see Sclerotic. 
LONCHADITIS, Sclerotitis. 
LONCIIITIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
LONG, Longus, Macros. That which is much 
greater in length than in breadth; as the long 
bones. The epithet is, also, applied to several 
muscles, to distinguish them from others of simi- 
lar function, when the latter are shorter. We 
say, for instance, long flexors, and long extensors, 
in opposition to short flexors, and short extensors. 
LONG DU COU, Longus colli - I. du Dos, 
Longissimus dorsi. 
L0NGA5VUS, Macrobiotic. 
LONGANON, Rectum. 
LONGAON, Rectum. 
LONGAS, Rectum. 
LONGEV'ITY, Longa'vitas, Macrobio'sis, 
Macrobi'otes. The prolongation of existence to 
an advanced age. Haller collected examples of 
more than one thousand centenarians. He had 
knowledge of sixty-two persons aged from 110 to 
120 years ; of twenty-nine, from 120 to 130 years ; 
and of fifteen, who had attained from 130 to 140 
years. Beyond this advanced age, examples of 
longevity are much more rare and less sufficiently 
attested. 
The following list of instances of very advanced 
ages has been given : 
Lived. Age. 
Apollonius of Tyana, A. D... 99. .130 
St. Patrick 491.. 122 
Attila 500.. 124 
Llywarch Hen 500. .150 
525 
LOOCH 
Lived. Age. 
St. Coemgene 618.. 120 
Piastus, King of Poland 861.. 120 
Thomas Parr 1635..152 
Henry Jenkins 1670.. 169 
Countess of Desmond 1612. .145 
Thomas Damme 1648.. 154 
Peter Torten 1724. .185 
Margaret Patten 1739..137 
John Rovin and wife 1741. .172 and 164 
St. Monagh or Kentigen 1781. .185 
Longevity also means length or duration of life 
(F.) Duree de la vie. The mean age at death 
(F.) Vie moyenne, of different classes and profes- 
sions enables an estimate to be formed of the 
expectation or value of life in each. 
LONGIS'SIMUS DORSI, Semispina'tus, (F.) 
Lombo-dorso-trachilien, Portion costo-trachelienne 
du saero-spinal, (Ch.,) Long dorsal, Long du dos, 
is situate vertically at the posterior part of the 
trunk, and fills, in a great measure, the vertebral 
furrows. It is thick and almost square below; 
thin and pointed above. It is attached to the 
posterior surface of the sacrum, to the transverse 
processes of all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae, 
and to the inferior margin of the last 7 or 8 ribs. 
It maintains the vertebral column in a straight 
position ; straightens it when bent forwards, and 
can even carry it back. It also assists in the rota- 
tory motion of the trunk. 
Longissimus Femoris, Sartorius - 1. Oculi, 
Obliquus superior oculi. 
LONG-SIGHTEDNESS, Presbytia. 
LONGUS COLLI, (F.) Pri-dor so-cervical, Pri- 
dorso-atlo'idien, (Ch.,) Long du cow. This muscle 
is situate at the anterior and superior part of the 
vertebral column. It is long, flat, and broader 
at its middle than at its extremities, which are 
pointed. It is attached to the anterior surface of 
the bodies of the first three dorsal and last six 
cervical vertebrae; to the intervertebral ligaments; 
to the anterior edge of the transverse processes of 
the last five cervical vertebrae ; and to the tuber- 
cle on the anterior arch of the first. This muscle 
bends the cervical vertebrae upon each other and 
upon the dorsal vertebrae. If the upper portion 
acts on one side only, it occasions the rotation of 
the atlas on the vertebra dentataj and, conse- 
quently, of the head on the neck. 
LONICERA GERMANICA, L. Periclymenum 
- 1. Marilandica, Spigelia Marilandica. 
Lonice'ra Periclym'enum, L. German'ica, 
Periclym'enum, P. vulga're, Caprifo'lium, C. Peri- 
clym'enum seu sylvat'icum seu distinct'um, Common 
Woodbine, (F.) Chevre-feuille. This common 
plant is slightly astringent and tonic, and was 
formerly much used in gargles. 
LOOCH, Lohoch, Loch, Lochoch, Look. A line- 
tus. See Eclegma and Eclectos. 
Looch absque Emulsio'nK Para'tum, Look 
prepare sans Emulsion; Looch prepared without 
emulsion. (Pulv. g. trag. gr. xvj - gr. xxx, ol. 
amygd. dulc. %ss., sacchar. §j, aqua aqua 
for. aurant. gij- Mix by rubbing in a marble 
mortar.) Demulcent. 
Looch Album, Looch amygdali'num, Linctus 
albus, L. amygdalinus, L. commu'nis, Ecleg'ma 
album, Eclegma gummo'so-oleo'sum, (F.) Looch 
blanc, L. b. amygdalin, L. b. pectoral. (Amygd. 
dulc. amygd. amar. No. ij, sacchar. alb. £iv. 
Make an emulsion by gradually adding of 
water. Then take pulv. tragacanth, gr. xvj, ol. 
amygd. dulc. recent, sacch. gij. Add the 
almond milk gradually to this, and afterwards 
aq. flor, aurant. gij, Ph. P.) It is demulcent 
and pectoral. 
Loocn Amygadlinum, L. album - I. Blanc, L. LOOCH 
album - 1. cum Croco et pistaciis, L. viride - 1. 
of Egg, L. ex Ovo. 
Looch ex Ovo, Potio seu emul'sio seu mistu'ra 
len'iens seu oleo'sa, Looch pectora'le len'iens, 
Looch of Egg, (F.) Look d'oevf, Looch rouge, 
Emulsion huileuse, Mixture calmante, Potion pec- 
torals, Lait adoucissant. ( Vitell. ovi. recent. 3SS, 
ol. amygd. dulc. syrup. althaee, 5j. Rub in 
a mortar, and add by degrees, aq. Jior. aurant. 
"?• papav. rheead. Ph. P.) Virtues the 
same as the preceding. 
LOOCH ROUGE, L.ex Ovo-I. Vert, L. viride. 
Looch Vir'ide, Look cum croce et pista'ciis, 
(F.) Looch vert. (Syrup. Violar. tinct. croci 
gtt. xx. aqutB Mix, and add pistacice semin. 
sice. gvj. Ph. P.) Virtues like the last. 
LOOK, Looch - Z. d'CEuf, Looch ex ovo - I. 
Prepare sans Emulsion, Looch absque emulsione 
paratum. 
LOOSE STRIFE, CREEPING, Lysimachia 
nummularia-1. s. Four-leaved, Lysimachia quad- 
rifolia. 
LOOSENESS, Diarrhoea - 1. of the Teeth, 
Odontoseisis. 
LOPEZ RADIX, Radix lopezia'na, Radix In'- 
dica lopezia'na. The root of an unknown Indian 
tree, not possessed of any remarkable smell or 
taste, or of any appearance of resinous matter. 
It has been extolled, notwithstanding, in cases of 
colliquative diarrhoea. Gaubius compares its ac- 
tion to that of simarouba, but thinks it more 
efficacious. 
LOPHADIA, Lophia. 
LOPHIA, Lopha'dia. The first vertebra of 
the back - Ver'tebra dorsi prima. - Gorraeus. 
LOPIMA, Fagus Castanea. 
LOQUAC"ITY, Garru'litas; from loquor, 'I 
speak. (F.) Babillement. The act of speaking 
with volubility. It is sometimes a symptom of 
disease, and is observable in hysteria, <fcc. 
LOQUELA, Voice, articulated - 1. Abolita, 
Aphonia-1. Blaesa, Balbuties-1. Impedita, Ba- 
ryphonia. 
LORDO'SIS, Lordo'ma, from Xop<5oy, ' curved,' 
'bent;' Repanda'tio,Repan'ditas. A name given 
to curvatures of the bones in general; and par- 
ticularly to that of the vertebral column forwards; 
Spina dorsi intror'sum flexa, Emprosthocyrto'ma. 
This gives rise to the projection of the sternum 
called chicken-breasted or pigeon-breasted. 
LORIND MATRI'CIS, Epilep'sia uteri'na, 
Convulsi'vus u'teri morbus. A barbarous name 
given to a pretended epilepsy of the womb. 
LORIPES, see Kyllosis. 
LOT, Urine. 
LOTIO, Enema, Lotion - 1. Saponacea, see 
Sapo. 
LO'TION, Lo'tio, Lotu'ra, from lavare, lotum, 
'to wash.' (F.) Hydrolotif. A fluid external 
application. Lotions are ordinarily applied by 
wetting linen in them and keeping it on the part 
affected. 
Lotion, Barlow's, Lotion of Sulph'uret of 
potassium. (IjL. Potassii sulphur. Sapon. 
Xiss, Aq. Calcis, alcohol, dilut. M.) 
Used in various chronic cutaneous diseases. 
Lotion, Gowland's. An empirical prepara- 
tion. (Bitter almonds, i;j, sugar, distilled 
water, Ibij. Grind together, strain, and add cor- 
rosive sublimate, ij, previously ground with sp. 
vini rect. 3*j-) Used in obstinate eruptions. 
Lotion,Granville's Counter-Irritant,Gran- 
ville's Lotion, Granville's antid'ynous lotion. Of 
this lotion, Dr. Granville gives two forms - a 
milder, and a stronger. The milder is made as 
follows : Liq. amnion, fort, Sp. Rosmarin. 
V3> Tinct. camphor, M. 
The stronger is made as follows : Liq. ammon. 
526 
LUCCA 
fort. Spir. Rosmar. Tinct. camphor, 
M. 
The stronger lotion vesicates rapidly. A piece 
of cotton or linen folded six or seven times, or a 
piece of thick flannel may be imbued with them, 
and laid for a few minutes on the part to be irri- 
tated. 
Lotion, Hannay's, Preven'tive wash. This 
famous nostrum, for the prevention of venereal 
infection, was nothing more than a solution of 
caustic potass. 
Lotion, Hydrocyan'ic, Lotio Ac"idi Hydro- 
cyan'ici. (Hydrocyanic acid, rectified spirit 
of wine, distilled water, f£xss.) Used with 
much success in impetigo, <fcc. 
Lotion, Struve's, for Hooping-Cough. (An- 
tim. et Potass, tart. 3j> Aqua, §ij. Add tinct. 
cantharid, 5j.) 
LOTIUM, Urine. 
LOTURA, Lotion. 
LOTUS SYLVESTRIS, Trifolium melilotus- 
1. Virginiana, Diospyros Virginiana. 
LOUCHEMENT, Strabismus. 
LOUCHES, see Strabismus. 
LOUPE, Wen. 
LOUSE, Pediculus. 
LOUSINESS, Phtheiriasis. 
LOUSY DISEASE, Phtheiriasis. 
LOUTRON, Bath. 
LOVAGE, Ligusticum levisticum. 
LOVE, Eros, Amor, from Sax. lupian, (G.) 
lieben, 'to love.' (F.) Amowr. A tender and 
elevated feeling, which attracts one sex to the 
other. Love is occasionally a cause of disease, 
especially of insanity. 
Love Apple Plant, Solanum lycopersicum- 
1. Pea, Abrus precatorius. 
LOW SPIRITS. Hypochondriasis. 
LOWER, TUBERCLE OF, Tu&er'ct/ZiiTn Low- 
er!. Anatomists have given this name to a small 
projection, the existence of which is by no means 
constant, and which is found in the sinus venosus, 
between the superior and inferior cava. 
LOXAR'TIIRUS, Loxar'thrum, from Ao|of, 
'oblique,' and apSpov, 'articulation.' (F.) Perver- 
sion de la tete des os et des muscles. A vicious 
deviation or direction of the joints, without spasm 
or luxation, - as in clubfoot. 
LOXIAS, Torticollis. 
LOXOPHTHALMUS, Strabismus. 
LOZANGIA, Lozenge. 
LOZENGE, Tabella. 
LOZENGES, BARK, Tabellae cinchona) - 1. 
of Catechu and magnesia, Tabellae antimoniales 
Kunckelii - 1. Faustinus's, Faustini pastilli - 1. 
for the Heart-burn, Trocbisci carbonatis calcis - 
1. Magnesias, Tabellae de magnesia - 1. of Marsh- 
mallows, Tabellae de althaea-1. of Oxalic acid, 
Tabellae acidi oxalici - 1. Pectoral,(|>lack, Tro- 
chisci glycyrrhizae glabrae - 1. Pectoral, of eme- 
tine, Trochisci emetinae pectorales - 1. Rhubarb, 
Tabellae de rheo - 1. of Scammony and senna, 
compound, Tabellae de scammonio et sennS, - 1. 
Spitta's, see Trochisci glycyrrhizae cum opio - 1. 
Steel, Tabellae de ferro-1. of Steel, aromatic, see 
Tabellae de ferro-1. Sulphur, simple, Tabellae de 
sulphure simplices - 1. Sulphur, compound, Ta- 
bellae de sulphure compositae - 1. of Sulphuret 
of antimony, Tabellae antimoniales Kunckelii - 
1. Wistar's, Trochisci glycyrrhizae cum opio - 1. 
Worm, Ching's, see Worm lozenges, (Ching's.) 
LUBIDO, Libido-1. Intestini, Voluntas dese- 
dendi. 
LUBRICANTIA, Demulcents, Emollients. 
LUBRICUM CAPUT, Penis. 
LUCCA, MINERAL WATERS AND CLI- 
MATE OF. The baths and waters, near this 
ancient Italian city, have been long celebrated. LUCID 
They are thermal, and resemble, in properties, 
those of Plombieres in France, and of Bath in 
England. They contain carbonic acid, sulphates 
of alumina,, soda, magnesia, and iron. There are 
ten different sources, the temperature of which 
varies from 94° to 130° Fahr. 
Lucca is much frequented in summer; partly 
on account of its mineral waters, but more on 
account of the coolness of the situation. 
LUCID, Lu'cidus. In medicine, the word lucid 
is particularly applied to the intervals, Interval'la 
lu'cida, of apparent reason, which occur in men- 
tal alienation. 
LUCIF'UGUS, from Ztise, lucis, 'light' and 
fugere, ' to shun.' Photoph'obits, Photophob'icus. 
Dreading or avoiding the light. 
LUCINA, Ilithyia. 
LUCOMANIA, Lycanthropia. 
LUCUMA, (S.) A fruit which grows in the 
southern provinces of the coast of Peru, and the 
north of Chili. It is round ; and the gray-brown 
husk encloses a fibrous, dry, yellow-coloured fruit 
with its kernel. - Tschudi. 
LUCUMORIA'NUS, probably from lux, 'light,' 
and morari, ' to tarry.' Continuing for several 
days : hence, Dprmit"io lucumoria'na. A morbid 
sleep persisting for several days. 
LUDUS HELMON'TII, L. Paracel'si, Pel 
terras. A calcareous stone, the precise nature not 
known, which was used by the ancients in calcu- 
lous affections. The term was also applied to 
every species of calculous concretion occurring 
in the animal body. 
Ludus Paracelsi, L. Helmontii. 
LUES, Disease, Plague, Syphilis - 1. Divina, 
Epilepsy-1. Dysenterica, Dysentery-1. Gonor- 
rhoica, Gonorrhoea impura-1. Gutturis epidemi- 
ca, Cynanche maligna-1. Indica, Framboesia - 
1. Inguinaria, Plague - 1. Polonica, Plica - 1. 
Sarmatica, Plica - 1. Syphilis, Syphilis - 1. Sy- 
philodes, Syphilis pseudo-syphilis - 1. Trichoma- 
tica, Plica-1. Venerea, Syphilis - 1. Scorbutica, 
see Purpura. 
LUETTE, Uvula - I. Vesicale, see Urinary 
bladder. 
LUGDUS, Erysipelas. 
LUJULA, Oxalis acetosella. 
LULLABY SPEECH, Lallation. 
LUMBA'GO, from lumbi, 'the loins.' Arthro'- 
sia Ittmbo'rum, Lumbago rheumat'ica, Nephral'gia 
rheumat'ica, Rachirrheu' ma, Rachiorrheu' ma, 
Rheumatis'mus dorsa'lis, Osphyrrheu'ma. Rheu- 
matism affecting the lumbar region. 
Lumba'go psoad'ica, L. apostemato'sa, L. ab 
arthroc'ace. Pain in the loins from abscess. See 
Psoitis. 
Lumbago a Nisu, see Effort. 
LUMBAR, Lumba'ris vel Lumba'lis, (F.) Lom- 
baire. Belonging or having reference to the 
loins. 
Lumbar Abscess, Psoas abscess, Aposte'ma 
psoat'icitm, Absces'sus lumbo'rum, Morbus psoad'- 
icus. This abscess is so called from the matter 
being found on the side of the psoas muscle, or 
betwixt that and the iliacus internus. Between 
these muscles is a quantity of loose, areolar sub- 
stance; and, when an abscess takes place there, 
it can find no outlet except by a distant course. 
Generally, it descends along the psoas muscle, 
forming a swelling immediately beneath Pou- 
part's ligament; at times, however, it extends 
down the thigh under the fascia. Severe hectic 
follows the bursting of the abscess, and often 
death. Its causes are, - scrofula, injury to the 
loins, <tc. 
When, from the pain of the back continuing 
for some time, with other symptoms, the disease 
is suspected, caustics, or the moxa, applied op- 
527 
LUMBRICALIS 
posite the transverse processes of the lumbar ver- 
tebrae, may be recommended; and, when the ab- 
scess is ready for opening, it may be emptied by 
repeated discharges of the matter, through a 
small opening, made with a lancet, or small, 
lancet-pointed trocar. The medical treatment 
consists in supporting the system, under the 
great restorative efforts required of it. 
Lumbar Arteries are four or five in number 
on each side. They arise from the sides of the 
abdominal aorta, and pass behind the muscles 
situate in front of the lumbar portion of the spine, 
to gain the broad muscles of the abdomen. They 
give off, 1. Spinal branches. 2. Anterior, poste- 
rior, and external muscular branches. 
Lumbar Nerves are five in number, and issue 
from the vertebral column by the spinal foramina 
of the loins. The first lumbar nerve gives off 
three branches:-the external or ilio-scrotal; the 
middle or and the internal or 
infra-pubian. Along with the three pairs below 
it, it forms the lumbar plexus. 
Lumbar Plexus, Portion lombaire dn plexus 
crural ( Ch.), Plexus Lombo-abdominal. This 
plexus is formed by the union of the Kami com- 
munican'tes of the anterior branches of the first 
four lumbar nerves. It is situate behind the psoas 
muscle, and before the transverse processes of 
the lumbar vertebrae. It furnishes, besides the 
branches which proceed from the first pair, seve- 
ral filaments, that are distributed to the psoas 
muscle, to the iliacus, the integuments, and glands 
of the groin ; and three great branches-the cru- 
ral, obdurator, and lumbo-sacral. 
Lumbar Region, Lumbi. 
Lumbar Veins have an arrangement analogous 
to that of the arteries of the same name. They 
communicate with the vertebral sinuses, azygous 
veins, Ac., and pass into the vena cava inferior. 
LUMBARIS EXTERNUS, Quadratus lumbo- 
rum-1. Internus, Psoas magnus. 
LUMBI, The loins, the Lumbar region, Re'gio 
lumba'lis, Lap'ara, Psoce, Osphys, Peins. The 
posterior regions of the abdomen, comprised be- 
tween the base of the chest and the pelvis. The 
parts which enter into the formation of the lum- 
bar region are, - the skin; a considerable quan- 
tity of areolar texture; broad and strong apo- 
neuroses :-the Latissimus Dorsi, Obliquus exter- 
nus, and Obliquus internus abdominis, Trantrver- 
salis abdominis, Quadratus lumborum, and the 
mass common to the Sacro-lumbalis, Longissimus 
dorsi, and Multifidus spina. These muscles sur- 
round the lumbar region of the vertebral column. 
The vessels, nerves, Ac., of the loins, are called 
lumbar. 
LUMBO-SACRAL. Belonging to the lumbar 
and sacral regions. (F.) Lombosacri. Bichat 
calls thus a very large nerve, given off from the 
anterior branch of the fifth lumbar pair, which 
descends into the pelvis before the sacrum to join 
the sciatic plexus. 
LUMBRICA'LIS, Vermicula'ris. Resembling 
a lumbricus, or 'earthworm.' A name given to 
small muscles, met with in the palm of the hand 
and sole of the foot. 
Lumbricales ManOs, Fidicina'les, Flexor pri- 
mi interno'dii digito'rum manus vel perfora'tus 
lumbrica'lis, (F.) Annuli-tendino-phalangiens, 
Palmi-phalangiens. Four small, fleshy, thin, 
round, long, fusiform fasciculi, situate in the 
palm of the hand, and distinguished into first, 
second, third, and fourth, counting from without 
to w'ithin. They arise from the tendons of the 
flexor communis digitorum, and are inserted at 
the outer and posterior side of the superior ex- 
tremity of the first phalanges of the last four fin- 
gers. These muscles bend the fingers on the LUMBRICUS 
metacarpus, and fix the tendons of the flexor 
digitorum communis. 
Lumbricales Pedis, (F.) Planti-tendino-pha- 
langiens, Planti-sous-phalangiens, (Ch.) They 
are analogous to those of the hand in form, num- 
ber, and arrangement. They increase the flexion 
of the toes, and draw them inwards. 
LUMBRICUS, Ascaris lumbricoides - 1. La- 
tus, Bothrioeephalus latus, Ttenia solium - 1. 
Teres hominis, Ascaris lumbricoides. 
LUMBUS VENERIS, Achillea millefolium. 
LUMEN, Light, Pupil - 1. Constans, Phos- 
phorus. v 
LUMIERE, Light. 
LUNA, Argentum, Moon - 1. Albini, Sciatic 
notch, lesser - 1. Imperfecta, Bismuth-1. Pota- 
bilis, Argenti nitras. 
LUNAR, Lunatic. 
LUNA'RE OS, On semiluna're. The second 
bone in the upper row of the carpus. 
LUNARIA, Menses. 
Luna'ria Redivi'va, Leucolum, Bulbonach, 
Satin, Honesty. Said, by Ray, to be a warm 
diuretic. 
LUNARIS, Lunatic. 
LU'NATIC, Lunat'icus, Luna'ris, Luna'rius, 
Lunar, from luna, 'the moon.' Relating to the 
moon. An epithet given to diseases which are 
supposed to appear at certain phases of the moon, 
or to those who are affected by them. The term 
lunatic is restricted to one labouring under lu- 
nacy, or mental alienation;-Moonstruck, Sele- 
noble'tus. In law, a lunatic is one who has had 
an understanding, but by disease, grief, or other 
accident, has lost the use of his reason. 
LUNATICUS, Epileptic, Lunatic, Somnam- 
bulist. 
LUNATISMUS, Somnambulism. 
L UNE, Moon. 
LUNELLA, Hypopyon. 
L UNES, Menses. 
LUNETTES ORDINATRES, Spectacles. 
LUNG, Pulmo - 1. Black, of coal miners, An- 
thracosis- 1. Cancer of the, Phthisis, cancerous 
- 1. Fever, Catarrh, Pneumonia. 
Lung, Perforating Abscess of the. A pu- 
rulent collection, which forms exterior to the 
lung, and afterwards perforates its tissue, so that 
it is evacuated through the bronchial tubes. 
Lung Proof, Docimasia pulmonum - 1. Wort, 
Pulmonaria-1. Wort, cow's, Verbascum nigrum 
-1. Wort, tree, Lichen pulmonarius. 
LUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail -1. Scapulas, 
Notch, scapular. 
LUPIA, Encystis, Wen - 1. Junctura, Spina 
ventosa. 
LUPI'NUS. Under this term the white lupin, 
Lupi'nus al'bus seu sati'vus, is meant, in some 
pharmacopoeias. The seeds, which were much 
eaten in the days of Pliny and of Galen, are now 
neglected. The meal is, however, occasionally 
used as an anthelmintic, and as a cataplasm. 
LUPULI'NA, Lu'pulin, Lupulin'ic glands. A 
substance which exists in the humulus lupulus or 
hop. It is in the form of small, shining, yellow- 
ish grains, which cover the base of the scales of 
the hop; is pulverulent, and of an aromatic 
odour. When analyzed, it is found to contain 
resin, volatile oil in small quantity, and a bitter 
principle. It is aromatic and tonic, and - ac- 
cording to some-narcotic. 
LUPULINIC GLANDS, Lupulina. 
LUPULUS, L. humulus-1. Communis, L. hu- 
mulus- 1. Salictarius, L. humulus-1. Scandens, 
L. humulus. 
LUPUS, 'the wolf.' So named from its rapa- 
city. Ulcus Tuberculo'sum, Cancer lupus, Noli 
vie tangere, Phymato'sis lupus. Tubercular ex- 
528 
LUXEUIL 
crescences, with ragged, spreading ulcerations, 
chiefly about the alae nasi, where they destroy 
the skin, &c., for some depth. Sometimes they 
appear in the cheek, circularly, or in the shape 
of a sort of ringworm, destroying the substance, 
and leaving a deep and deformed cicatrix. The 
knife or caustic should be used to separate the 
sound from the morbid parts. Asenic has been 
given internally with advantage. See, also, 
Herpes exedens, and Lycoides. 
Lupus Cancrosus, Cancer-1. Varicosus, Naevi 
-1. Vorax, Herpes exedens. 
LURCO, Glutton. 
LURID, Lu'ridus. Pale, yellow, sallow; - 
applied to the complexion. 
LUROR, Paleness. 
LUSCIOSITAS, Luscitas, Myopia. 
LUSCIOSUS, Borgne, Myops. 
LUS'CITAS, Luscios'itas, Luscit"ies. Strabis- 
mus. The term has also been given to all those 
cases of obliquity in which the eye is fixed in an 
unnatural position.-Beer. 
LUSCITIES, Luscitas. 
LUSTRAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
LUSCUS, Borgne. 
L UT, Lute. 
LUTE, ZutuM, ('mud,') Camen' turn. (F.) Lut. 
A composition employed either for closing aper- 
tures in a pharmaceutical instrument, or for 
covering the surface of retorts, tubes, &c., which 
have to support a great degree of heat. Lutes 
are composed differently, according to the object 
to be accomplished. Commonly they are made 
of linseed meal and starch. The fat lute is formed 
of clay and drying oil. Sometimes, the white of 
egg and lime are used; and that which is em- 
ployed for covering vessels, intended to be 
strongly heated, is made of clay, sifted sand, and 
water. 
LUTEOLA, Reseda luteola. 
LUTEUS, Yellow. 
LUTRON, y.ovrpov. A bath. Also, an oph- 
thalmic medicine.-Galen. 
LUX, Light. 
LUXATIO, Luxation-1. Imperfecta, Sprain. 
LUXA'TION, Eluxa'tion, from luxare, 'to put 
out of place.' Disloca'tion, Olisthe'ma, Apoped'- 
asis, Luxa'tio, Disloca'tio, Ec'clisis, Strem'ma, 
Luxatu'ra, Ectop'ia, Ecpto'sis, Elap'sus, Lygis'- 
mus, Emo'tio, Ec'stasis, Exarthre'ma, Exarthro' - 
ma, Exarthre'ma luxa'tio, Exarthro'sis. Exo'sis, 
Exothe'sis, Paratep'ia, Streblo'sis, Deloca'tio, 
Exarticula'tio, (F.) Luxation, Dislocation, De- 
boitement. A displacement of a part from its 
proper situation. A putting out of joint. A 
displacement of two or more bones, whose arti- 
cular surfaces have lost, wholly, or in part, their 
natural connexion; either owing to external vio- 
lence, (accidental luxation,) or to disease of some 
of the parts about the joint (spontaneous luxation.) 
Luxation is complete when the bones have entirely 
lost their natural connexion; incomplete, when 
they partly preserve it; and compound, when a 
wound communicates with the luxated joint. 
The general indications of treatment, are;-1 
To reduce the protruded bone to its original 
place. 2. To retain it in situ. 3. To obviate 
any attendant or consequent symptoms. 
To reduce requires extension, counter-exten- 
sion, and coaptation. 
LUXEUIL, MINERAL WATERS OF. Saline 
waters, at the town of Luxeuil, at the foot of the 
Vosges, in the department of Haute Safine. Five 
springs are thermal, and two cold. They seem 
to contain carbonic acid, carbonates of iron and 
lime, and chloride of sodium ; and are employed 
as«aperient, tonic, and stimulant. LYCANCHE 
LYCAN'CHE, Lyean'chis, from Xvkos, 'a wolf,' 
and 'I strangle.' Wolf quinsy, Wolf choak; 
- as Cynanche means Dog choak. Also, hydro- 
phobia. See Lycoldes. 
LYCANCIIIS, Lycanche. 
LYCANTHROPE, see Lycanthropia. 
LYCANTHRO'PIA, from Xvicoy, 'a wolf,' and 
aiSpwTTOj, ' a man :' Lyca'on, Insa'nia lupi'na, Ly- 
coma'nia. A variety of melancholy, in which 
the person believes himself to be changed into a 
wolf, and imitates the voice and habits of that 
animal. One so circumstanced is called a Ly'- 
cauthrope, Lycanthro'pus. 
LYCANTHROPUS, see Lycanthropia. 
LYCAON, Lycanthropia. 
LYCHNIDIUM, Biolychnium. 
LYCHNIS OFFICINALIS, Saponaria-1. Syl- 
vestris, Saponaria. 
LYCHNIUM, Biolychnium. 
LYCOI'DES, Lyco'des, from Xukos, 'a wolf,' 
and 'form.' Lupo sim'ilis. An epithet for 
a species of cynanche, called, also, Lupus, and 
Strangula'tor, and absurdly attributed to exces- 
sive retention of sperm in its reservoirs and its 
passage into the blood (?).-Galon. 
L YCOPE DE VLRGINIE, Lycopus Virgini- 
cus. 
LYCOPER'DON, from Xvirs;, 'a wolf,' and 
rrrpcw, 'I break wind;' L. Bovis'ta seu Arrhi'zon 
seu Globo'sum, Crep'itus Lupi, Fungus Chirurgo'- 
rum, Puff-ball, Bull Fists, Mol'lipuffs, Bovis'ta, 
(F.) Vesseloup. The puff-ball dries into a very 
fine, light brownish dust, which is sometimes used 
as a mechanical styptic to arrest hemorrhage. 
Lycoperdon Arrhizon, Lycoperdon - 1. Glo- 
bosum, Lycoperdon - 1. Gulosorum, L. Tuber. 
Lycoper'don Tuber, L. Guloso'rum, Tuber 
Agriocas'tanum, Trubs, Tuber ciba'rium seu Gu- 
loso'rum seu Nigrum, Tu'bera Terror, Truffle, 
(pronounced trooffle,} Tuekaho, (F.) Truffe. A 
fleshy, firm body, unknown in its mode of repro- 
duction, which is found under ground, especially 
in different parts of France, Italy, <fcc., and is 
much esteemed as an aliment. It seems to be- 
long to the champignons, and has a particular 
perfume. Aphrodisiac virtues have been ascribed 
to it. 
LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM, Solanum 
lyeopersicum - 1. Pomum ainoris, Solanum lyco- 
persicum-1. Tuberosum, Solanum tuberosum. 
LYCOPO'DIUM, from \vkos, 'a wolf,' and >rouy, 
'afoot.' L. Clava'turn sen Officina'le, Lepido'tis 
clava'ta, Cingula'ria, Muscus clava'tus, Club-moss, 
Wolf's-claw. This is the largest of the European 
mosses. The dust, which fills the capsules of its 
spikes, is very inflammable, and hence has been 
called Vegetable Sulphur; - and, also, Fari'na 
seu Pulvis seu Semen seu Sulphur Lycopo'dii. 
It is used in France to roll pills and boluses in; 
and in medicine is a desiccative, in the excoria- 
tions to which infants are liable. It is collected 
chiefly in Switzerland and Germany for com- 
merce. 
Lycopo'dium Complana'tum, Common Club- 
moss, Ground Pine; indigenous; has the same 
properties as Lycopodium selago. 
Lycopo'dium Officinale, L. clavatum - 1. 
Recurvum, L. Selago. 
Lycopodium Sela'go, L. Becur'vum, Planan'- 
thus fastiga'tus seu sela'go, Muscus erec'tus seu 
Cathar'ticus, Sela'go, Upright Club-moss, Fir 
Club-moss, Upright Fir-moss. A decoction of 
this plant acts violently as an emetic and purga- 
tive ; and was formerly, on this account, used as 
an abortive. It is also employed to kill vermin. 
LY'COPUS, L. Virgin'icus, Bugleweed, IFater 
529 
LYMPHANGIECTASIS 
Bugle, Water Horehound, Gypsy Weed, Pauls 
Bet'ony, (F.) Lycope de Virginie. This indige- 
nous herb, Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia, Nat. 
Ord. Labiatae, grows throughout the greater part 
of the United States. The whole herb is said to 
be slightly narcotic. It is given in infusion, 
(Lycop. ; aq. fervent. Oj.) 
Lycopus Sinua'tus, Water Horehound, Gypsy 
Weed, Paul's Bet'ony, indigenous, has similar 
properties. 
Lycopus Virginicus, Lycopus. 
LYCOREXIS, Fames lupina. 
LYCOSA TARENTULA, see Tarantula. 
LYCOSTOMA, Hyperobchasma. 
LYE, Lixivium, Ley-1. Dyspeptic, see Fuli- 
gokali-1. Medical, see Fuligokali. 
LYGISMUS, Luxation. 
LYGMODES, Singultous. 
LYGMUS, Singultus. 
LYGODES, Singultous. 
LYING-IN STATE, Parturient state. 
LYMA, Lochia. 
LYMPH, Lympha, from wy<l>n, 'water,' by 
changing v into A. White blood, Lympha Nu- 
trit"ia. A name given to the fluid contained in 
the lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct of ani- 
mals, which have been made to fast for 24 hours. 
According to Chevreul, the lymph of the dog 
contains water, fibrin, albumen, common salt, 
subcarbonate of soda, phosphates of lime and 
magnesia, and carbonate «f lime. The properties 
and composition of lymph vary somewhat ac- 
cording to the part whence the lymphatic vessels 
obtain it. Generally, it is under the form of a 
transparent, slightly alkaline fluid, sometimes of 
a madder-red or yellowish colour,-of a spermatic 
odour, and saline taste; soluble in water, - the 
solution becoming turbid, ■when mixed with alco- 
hol. When left to itself, it coagulates. The clot 
or solid portion becomes of a scarlet red, if put 
in contact with oxygen; and of a purple red, if 
placed in carbonic acid. 
Like the blood, the lymph consists of a fluid in 
which lymph corpuscles or globules are suspended. 
The lymph is probably the product of internal 
absorption in different parts of the body : it then 
flows along the lymphatic vessels, uniting with 
the chyle, and is poured with it into the veins; 
thus becoming one of the materials of the blood. 
According to others, the blood, when it reaches 
the arterial radicles, is divided into two portions, 
-the one red, which is carried to the heart,- 
the other serous or white, which is absorbed by 
the lymphatic vessels, and constitutes the lymph. 
By others, again, the lymphatics are considered 
to be the vessels of return for the white blood 
sent to certain tissues. White blood, however, 
has probably no existence. 
The word lymph is sometimes used erroneously 
by the surgeon to signify liquor sanguinis. 
Lymph, Coagulable, Fibrin, Liquor sanguinis 
- 1. Corpuscles, see Lymph - 1. Globules, see 
Lymph-1. Hearts, Lymphatic hearts-1. Plastic, 
Liquor sanguinis. 
LYMPHA, Lymph-1. Arborum, see Sap-k 
Muculenta narium, Nasal mucus-1. Nutritia, 
Lymph-1. Pancreatis, see Pancreas-1. Pericar- 
dii, see Pericardium-1. Plastica, Fibrin. 
LYMPHADENI'TIS : from lympha, ' lymph, 
and adeni'tis, 'inflammation of a gland.' In- 
flamma'tio glandula'rum lymphatica'rum, Adeni'- 
tis lymphat'ica, (F.) Ad enite lymphatique. In* 
flammation of a lymphatic gland or ganglion. 
LYMPHJEDUCTUS, Lymphatic vessels. 
LYMPHANGEITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
LYMPHANGIA, Lymphatic vessels. 
LYMPHANGIE C'TAS IS, Lymphcurys'ma / LYMPHANGITIS 
from lymph, ayynov, 'a vessel,' and cktocis, 'dila- 
tation.' Dilatation of lymphatic vessels. 
LYMPHANGITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
LYMPH ANGIOG'RAPI! Y, Lymphangiogra- 
yh'ia; from lymph, ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and/pu</>»?, 
' a description.' A description of the lymphatic 
vessels. 
LYMPHANGIOITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
LYMPHANGIOL'OGY, from Lynvphangion, 
'a lymphatic,' and Xoj/of, 'a description.' A 
treatise on the lymphatics. 
LYMPHANGIOT'OMY, Lymphangiotom'ia ; 
from lymph, ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and rop»/, 'inci- 
sion.' The anatomy or dissection of the lym- 
phatic vessels. 
LYMPHANGON'CUS, Lymphon'cus; from 
lymph, ayyciov, 'a vessel,' and oyicos, 'a tumour.' 
Tumefaction of the lymphatics. 
LYMPHAT'IC, Lymphat'icus. That which 
relates to lymph. 
Lymphatic Hearts. Lymph Hearts. The 
frog and several other animals are provided with 
large receptacles for the lymph immediately un- 
derneath the skin, which exhibit distinct and 
regular pulsations like the sanguiferous heart. 
Their use appears to be-to propel the lymph. 
Lymphatic System is that particular system 
of organs which is inservient to the formation and 
circulation of lymph. These organs are : 
1. Lymphatic Ganglions or Glands, see 
Conglobate. 
2. Lymphatic Vessels, Lymphosduc'tus, Lym- 
phangi'a, Lymphange'a, Vence lymphat' ic<e, Ductus 
sero'si, Vasa lymphatica, V. resorben'tia, Vasa hy- 
drago'ga, Hydrangi'a. These are very numerous. 
Arising at the surface of membranes and in the 
tissue of the organs, they carry into the veins the 
lymph from those parts. Lymphatic vessels are 
found in every part of the body. Wherever they 
are met with, however, they form two orders,- 
one superficial, the other deep-seated;-the two 
orders frequently communicating with each other. 
Lymphatic vessels are generally smaller than 
arteries and veins. They are very thin, diapha- 
nous, and cylindrical; but present, here and 
there, more or less considerable dilatations, 
caused by valves in their interior. They are 
slightly tortuous in their course; their anasto- 
moses are very numerous, and they often cross 
each other, forming successive plexuses. Of the 
arrangement of the extreme radicles we are igno- 
rant. All the branches, before joining the prin- 
cipal trunks, pass through lymphatic ganglions, 
in which they are convoluted, or subdivide almost 
ad infinitum. They are formed of an outer cel- 
lular membrane and an internal coat, similar to 
that of the veins; of the latter, the valves are 
formed. All the lymphatics of the body ulti- 
mately discharge themselves into the subclavian 
and internal jugular veins. Two of these trunks 
are considerably larger than the others, - the 
thoracic duct, and the great trunk of the right 
side, (F.) La grande veine lymphatique droite. 
The former receives the lymphatics of the abdo- 
men, of the lower extremities, the left side of the 
thorax, the left upper extremity, and the corre- 
sponding side of the head and neck; the latter 
receives those of the right upper extremity, and 
of the right side of the head, neck and thorax. 
LYMPHATITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
L YMPHE DE CO TUG NO, Cotunnius, liquor 
of. 
LYMPHEURYSMA, Lymphangiectasis. 
LYMPHITIS, Angeioleucitis. 
LYMPHIZA'TION. A term used by Profes- 
sor Gross to signify effusion of coagulable lymph. 
It is not a happy word, inasmuch as lymph has 
530 
LYTHRUM 
another meaning, whilst the term ' coagulable 
lymph' is now almost abandoned. 
LYMPHOCHE'ZIA, from lympka, 'lymph,* 
and %>?$<«>, ' I go to stool.' Serous diarrhoea. 
LYMPHONCUS, Lymphangoncus - 1. Iridis, 
Iridauxesis. 
LYMPHOPYRA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
LYMPHO'SIS. The preparation or elabora- 
tion of lymph. 
LYMPIIOT'OMY, from lympha, 'lymph,' and 
rcpvw, ' I cut.' Dissection of the lymphatics. 
LYNCH'S EMBROCA'TION. An emollient 
nostrum, formed of olive oil impregnated with 
bergamot and other essences, and coloured with 
alkanet root. 
LYNGODES, Singultous - 1. Febris, Fever, 
singultous. 
LYNGYODES, Singultous. 
LYNN WAHOO, Ulmus alata. 
LYNX, Singultus. 
LYPE, Athymia. 
LYPEMANIA, Melancholy. 
LYPE'RIA CRO'CEA. A South African 
plant, Nat. Ord. Scrophulariaceae, the flowers of 
which closely resemble saffron in smell and taste, 
and possess similar medical virtues. 
LYPEROPHRENIE, Melancholy. 
LYPOMA, Lipoma. 
L Y P 0 TIIY M' IA, from ' sadness,' and 
3v/iuf, 'heart, courage.' Very great sadness or 
despondency. 
LYRA, Xvpa, ' the lyre.' Psalter, Psalte'rium, 
Corpus Psallo'i'des, Lyra Da'vidis, Lam'ina me- 
dulla'ris triangula'ris cer'ebri, Spa'tium tri'go- 
num. The under surface of the posterior part of 
the body of the fornix is impressed with nume- 
rous transverse and oblique lines, which have 
been so called from some resemblance they bear 
to the ancient lyre. 
LYRINGIUM, Eryngium campestre. 
LYSIA, Lysis. 
LYSIMA'CHIA NUMMULA'RIA, L. nem'o- 
rum, Nummula'ria, Hirundina'ria, Centimor'bia, 
Creeping Loose Strife, Money H'ort, (F.) Herbe 
aux ecus. This plant was formerly accounted 
vulnerary. It has been considered to possess 
antiscorbutic and astringent qualities, and has 
been used in leucorrhoea. 
Lysimachia Purpurea, Lythrum salicaria. 
Lysima'chia Quadrifo'lia,Four-Leaved Loose 
Strife, Crossicort, an indigenous plant, is astrin- 
gent ; and has been used as a stomachic and an- 
tiperiodic. 
LYSIS, Lysia, from 'I dissolve.' Solu- 
tion. A common suffix; also, a name given to 
solutions or terminations of disease, which are 
operated insensibly; that is, gradually and with- 
out critical symptoms. 
LYSSA, Hydrophobia - 1. Canina, Hydropho- 
bia. 
LYSSAS, Maniodes. 
LYSSETER, Maniodes. 
LYSSODEC'TUS, from \vaaa, 'canine mad- 
ness,' and iawui, 'I bite.' Hydroph'obus ; Cani 
rab'ido morsus. One who has been bitten by a 
mad dog, or is actually labouring under hydro- 
phobia. 
LYSSODEG'MA, Lyssodeg'mus, Lyssodexis, 
same etymon. The bite of a mad dog. 
LYSSODEXIS, Lyssodegma. 
LYTE'RIOS, \vrnfiof, (from Avw, 'I dissolve,') 
'solving.' An epithet given to those signs which 
announce the solution of a very violent disease. 
LYTHRUM SALICA'RIA, Lysima'chia pur- 
pu'rea, Salica'ria vulga'ris sen spica'ta; - tho 
Common or Purple Willow Herb. The herb, root, LYTTA 
and flowers possess a considerable degree of as- 
tringency, and are used, occasionally, in the cure 
of diarrhoea and dysentery, leucorrhoea, haemop- 
tysis, <fcc. 
LYTTA VESICATORIA, Cantharis. 
Lytta Ru'fipes. A variety of Lytta, peculiar 
to Chili, which is more active as a vesicant than 
the cantharis, or the lytta next described. 
531 
MACROTES 
Lytta Vitta'ta, Can'tharis vittata, Pota'to 
Fly, (F.) Cantharide tachetee. Four species of 
meloe that blister are found in the United States. 
The lytta vittata feeds principally upon the po- 
tato plant, and, at the proper season of the year, 
may be collected in immense numbers. The po- 
tato fly resembles the cantharides in every pro- 
perty, and is fully equal to them. 
M. 
M. This letter signifies, in prescriptions, ma- 
nipulus, 'a handful.' Also, miece, 'mix.' See 
Abbreviation. 
MACAPATLI, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
MACARO'NI. An alimentary paste, moulded 
of a cylindrical shape, and formed of rice or 
wheaten flour. It is eaten - when boiled - in 
soup-prepared with cheese, Ac. 
Also, a name formerly given to a pulverulent 
compound of sugar and glass of antimony, car- 
ried into France by the Italian monks, and em- 
ployed at the hospital La Charite in the treat- 
ment of painters' colic. 
MACE, see Myristica moschata-m. Reed, 
Typha latifolia. 
MACEDONISIUM, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
MACER, Gracilis. 
MACERA'TION, Macera'tio, from macero, 'I 
soften by water.' An operation which consists 
in infusing, usually without heat, a solid sub- 
stance in a liquid, so as to extract its virtues. 
MACERONA, Smyrnium olusatrum. 
MACES, see Myristica moschata. 
MACESCERE, Emaciate. 
MACHA5RA, Culter, Knife, Penis. 
Machterion. 
MACHjE'RION, Macha'rie, Mach arid'ion, 
Glad'iolue. A knife. An amputating knife. Rufus 
of Ephesus asserts, that the Aruspices gave this 
name to a part of the liver of animals. 
MACILFRIS, Knife, Novacula. 
MACHA'ON, from ' I desire to fight.' 
The son of JEsculapius, and a celebrated phy- 
sician. 
MACHAO'NIA seu MACHAON'ICA ARS. 
Medicine. The Healing Art: - so called after 
Machaon, the son of ASsculapius. 
MACHI'NAL, Mechan'icus. This epithet is 
added especially by French writers to the word 
movement, to express that the will takes no part 
in it. 
MACHINE', Mach'ina, Machinamen'tum, 
Me'chane, Mechane'ma. A more or less com- 
pound instrument, used in physics and chymis- 
try to put a body in motion, or to produce any 
action whatever. Physiologists sometimes use it 
for the animal body; - as the machine or animal 
machine. 
MACHLOSYNE, Nymphomania. 
MACHOIRE, Maxillary bone - m. Diacrani- 
enne, Maxillary bone, lower-m. Syncranienne, 
Maxillary bone, superior. 
MACIES, Atrophy, Emaciation-m. Infantum, 
Tabes mesenterica. 
MACILENTUS, Gracilis. 
MACIS, see Myristica moschata. 
MACRAU'CHEN, from 'long,' and 
'the neck." Longo collo prce' ditus. One 
who has a long neck. - Galen. 
MACRE FLOTTANTE, Trapa natans. 
MACRITUDO, Emaciation. 
MACROBIOSIS, Longevity. 
MACROBIOTES, Longevity. 
MACROBIOT'IC, Macrobiot'icus, Macrobi'o- 
tus, Macro'bins, Longee'vus, from puxp'is, ' great,' 
' long,' and (iios, ' life.' That which lives a long 
time. The macrobiotic art is the art of living a 
long time. 
MACROBIOTUS, Maeriobiotic. 
MACROBIUS, Macrobiotic. 
M ACROCEPH'ALUS, from paxpos, 'great,* 
'long,' and 'head.' Qui magnum habet 
caput. ' One who has a large head.' This epi- 
thet is given to children born with heads so largo 
that they seem to be hydrocephalic; but in which 
the unusual development is owing to a large size 
of the brain. Such are supposed to be more than 
ordinarily liable to convulsions. (?) The term 
has also been applied by Hippocrates to certain 
Asiatics who had long heads. See Capitones. 
MACROCO'LIA, from paxpos. 'great,'and 
ku>\ov, 'a limb.' Great length of limbs in general, 
and of the lower limbs in particular. 
MAC ROD AC'TYLUS, from paxpos, ' great,' 
and iaicrvlos, 'a finger.' Having long fingers. 
MACROGASTER PLATYPUS, Acarus folli- 
culorum. 
MACROGLOSSA, see Macroglossus. 
MACROGLOS'SUS, from paxpos, 'large,'and 
yXuxro-a, ' tongue.' One who has a very large or 
prolapsed tongue. See Paraglossa. 
MACRONOSI/E, Chronic diseases. 
MACROPHAL'LUS, from paxpos, 'large,' and 
0aAXof, 'the male organ.' A large size of the 
male organ. 
MACROPIIO'NUS, from paxpos, 'great,' and 
ifrwvn, ' voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
MACRO PH YSOCEPII'ALUS, from p.aKpo$9 
'long,' ipvaa, 'air,' and xe<paX>i, 'head.' A word 
used by Ambrose Pare to designate an augmen- 
tation of the head of the foetus, produced by a 
sort of emphysema [?], which retards delivery. 
MACROPIPER, Piper longum. 
MACROPNtE'A, from paxpos, 'long,' and ttvcw, 
'I breathe.' A long and deep respiration. 
MACROP'NUS, Macrop'noos. One who 
breathes slowly : -a word met with in some au- 
thors. - Hippocrates. 
MACROP'ODUS, Mac'ropus, from paxpos, 
'great,' and rrovs, 'foot.' One who has a large 
foot. 
MACROR, Emaciation. 
MACROR'RHIS, from paxpos, 'great,' and pis 
or piv, ' nose.' One who has a long nose. 
MACROS, Long. 
MACROS'CELES, C'rwra longa habens; from 
paxpos, ' long,' and axtXos, ' the leg.' One who 
has long legs. 
MACROSIAS, Chronic diseases. 
MACRO'TES, from paxpos, 'great,' and 
' an ear.' One who has long ears. MACROTRYS 
MACROTRYS RACEMOSA, see Actsea race- 
mosa. 
MAC'ULA. A spot. Dyschrce'a, Celis, Labes, 
(F.) Tache. A permanent discoloration of some 
portion of the skin, often with a change of its 
texture. Ephelis, Nnevus, Spilus, &e., belong to 
Maculae. 
Macula, Molecule - m. Corneee, Caligo - m. 
Corneae arcuata, Gerotoxon- m. Cornese marga- 
ritacea, Paralampsis-m. Cribrosa, see Auditory 
canal, internal - m. Fusca, Ephelides - m. Ger- 
minativa, see Molecule-m. llepatica, Chloasma 
materna, Naevus - m. Lenticularis, Ephelides - 
m. Lutea retinae, see Foramen centrale - m. Ma- 
tricalis, Naevus-m. Matricis, Naevus-m. Solaris, 
Ephelides. 
macula; ante oculos volitantes, 
Metamorphopsia. 
MACULOSUS, Sabli. 
MAD, Insane. 
MADAR, Mudar. 
MADARO'SIS, from patios, 'bald.' Madaro'- 
ma, Made'sis, Madar'otes, Made'ma, Mad'isis, 
Depluma'tio, Milpha, Milpho'sis, Ptilo'sis, Cal- 
vi'ties. Loss of the hair, particularly of the eye- 
lashes. 
MADAROTES, Madarosis. 
MADDER, DYERS', Rubia. 
MADEIRA, CLIMATE OF. This island is 
much frequented by pulmonary invalids, on ac- 
count of the mildness and equability of its cli- 
mate. Owing, indeed, to the mildness of the 
winter, and the coolness of the summer, together 
with the remarkable equality of the temperature 
during day and night, as well as throughout the 
year, it has been considered that the climate of 
Madeira is the finest in the northern hemisphere. 
Sir James Clark is of opinion that there is no 
place on the continent of Europe, with which he 
is acquainted, where the pulmonary invalid could 
reside with so much advantage, during the whole 
year, as in Madeira. 
MADELEON, Bdellium. 
MADEMA, Madarosis. 
MADESIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
MADISIS, Depilation, Madarosis. 
MADISTE'RIUM, Modiste'ri on, Trichola'- 
bium, Triehol'abis, Volsel'la. Tweezers. An in- 
strument for extracting hairs. 
MADNESS, CANINE, Hydrophobia - m. 
Raving or furious, Mania. 
MADOR, Moisture. A cold sweat. 
MADREPORA OCULATA, see Coral. 
MADWEED, Scutellaria lateriflora. 
MAE A, Midwife. 
MAEEIA, Obstetrics. 
MAE I A, Obstetrics. 
MAEUTRIA, Midwife. 
MAGDA'LIA, Magda'leon, Magdalis. Crumb 
of bread. Any medicine, as a pill, formed of 
crumb of bread. A roll of plaster. 
MAGEIRICE, Culinary art. 
MAGGOT PIMPLE, see Acne. 
MAGIS, ftayis, 'a cake.' A sort of cake, com- 
posed of cloves, garlic and cheese, beaten toge- 
ther. - Hippocrates. 
MAGISTERIUM, Magistery - m. Bismuthi, 
Bismuth, subnitrate of-m. Jalapse, Resin of 
Jalap - m. Marcasitse, Bismuth, subnitrate of- 
m. Plumbi, Plumbi subcarbonas - m. Sulphuris, 
Sulphur lotum - m. Tartari purgans, Potassae 
acetas. 
MAG"ISTERY, Magiste'rium, from magister, 
' a master.' Certain precipitates from saline so- 
lutions were formerly so called; as well as other 
medicines, the preparation of which was kept 
Secret. 
532 
MAGNESIA 
Magistery of Bismuth, Bismuth, subnitrate 
of. 
MAG"ISTRAL, Magistra'lis. Same etymon. 
Extempora'neous. Medicines are so called which 
are prepared extemporaneously; officinal medi- 
cines being such as have been prepared for some 
time before they are prescribed. 
MAGISTRANTIA. Imperatoria. 
MAGMA, gayya, (F.) Marc. The thick resi- 
duum, obtained after expressing certain sub- 
stances to extract the fluid parts from them. The 
grounds which remain after treating a substance 
with water, alcohol, or any other menstruum. 
Also, a salve of a certain consistence. 
Magma or Marc of Olives is the residuum 
after the greatest possible quantity of oil has been 
extracted from olives by making them ferment. 
It was formerly employed as a stimulant, under 
the form of a bath-to which the name Bain de 
Marc was given by the French. 
Magma or Marc of Grapes, Bry'tia, was 
once employed for the same purposes. 
RETICULE, 'reticulated magma.' 
The gelatiniform substance found between the 
chorion and amnion in the early period of em- 
bryonic existence. 
MAGNES, Magnet. 
Magnes Arsenica'lis. {Sulphur, white arse- 
nic, and common antimony, of each equal parts. 
Mix by fusion.) It is corrosive. See Magnetic 
plaster. 
Magnes Epilepsia:, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
rubrum. 
MAGNE'SIA, Abarnahas, Chambar, Terra 
ama'ra, Magnesia terra, Talc earth; from mag- 
nes, 'the magnet;' because it was supposed to 
have the power of attracting substances from the 
air. Its metallic base is magne' sium. 
Magnesia, M. usta, M. calcina'ta, Cal'cined 
Magnesia, Oxide of magne'sium, (F.) Magnetic 
brulee, Magnesie, M. Caustique. This is obtained 
by exposing carbonate of magnesia to a strong 
heat. It is inodorous ; taste very slightly bitter; 
in the form of a white, light, spongy, soft pow- 
der. S. g. 2.3; requiring 2000 times its weight 
of water for its solution. It is antacid, and lax- 
ative when it meets with acid in the stomach. 
Dose, gr. x to 3J in water or milk. 
Magnesia Aerata, Magnesias carbonas - m. 
Alba, M. carbonas - m. Calcinata, M. usta - m. 
Citrate of, Magnesiao citras - m. Edinburgensis, 
M. carbonas. 
Magnesia, Effervescing, Moxon's. {Mag- 
nes. carb.; M. sulphat.; Soda bicarbon., Acid 
tartaric, aa partes aequales; to be pulverized, 
well dried, mixed, and enclosed in bottles herme- 
tically sealed.) Dose, a teaspoonful in half a 
tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence. 
Magnesia, Fluid. Under this name a prepa- 
ration is designated, which consists of a solution 
of carbonate of magnesia in carbonated water. 
It is also termed carbonated magnesia water, ae- 
rated magnesia water, and condensed solution of 
magnesia, (F.) Eau magnesienne. 
Magnesia, Henry's, Magnesias carbonas-m. 
Mitis, Magnesias carbonas-m. Muriate of, Mag- 
nesii chloridum - m. Nigra, Manganese, black 
oxide of. 
Magnesia Opali'na. A name given by L6- 
mfiry to a mixture of equal parts of antimony, 
nitrate of potass, and chloride of sodium, (decre- 
pitated.) It has emetic properties, but is not 
used. 
Magnesia Salis Amari, Magnesiae carbonas 
-m. Salis Ebsdamensis, Magnesiae carbonas-m. 
Saturni, Antimonium-m. Solution of,condensed, 
M. fluid - m. Subcarbonate of, Magnesiae carbo- MAGNESIAN 
nas - m. Subcarbonate of, Hydrated, Magnesi® 
carbonas - m. Terra, Magnesia - m. Vitriolata, 
Magnesi® sulphas-m. and Soda, sulphate of, see 
Soda, sulphate of-m. Usta, Magnesia. 
Magnesi.® Car'bonas, M. Subcar'boilas, Mag- 
nesia, (Dublin,) M. aera'ta, M. carbon'ica, M. 
alba, Subcar'bonate of Magnesia, Hy'drated Sub- 
car'bonate of Magnesia, Henry's Magnesia, M. 
Subcarbon'ica, M. Mitis, Hit. Edinburgen' sis, M. 
Salis Ebsdamen'sis, M. Salis ama'ri, Car'bonas 
magne'sicum, Lac terrce, Hypocar'bonas magne'- 
sieB, T. amara aera'ta, T. absor'bens minera'lis, 
T. Talco'sa oxyanthraco'des, (F.) Sous-carbonate 
ou carbonate de Magnesie, Magnesie aeree, M. 
blanche, M. crayeuse, M. douce, M. effervescente, 
M. moyenne, Poudre de Sentinelli, P. de Valen- 
tini, P. du Comte de Palme. Prepared from sul- 
phate of magnesia by subcarbonate of potass. It 
is inodorous; insipid; light; white; spongy; 
opake ; effervescing with acids; insoluble in wa- 
ter. Properties the same as the last; but the 
carbonic acid, when set free, sometimes causes 
unpleasant distension. 
Magnesi.® Citras, Citrate of Magnesia, (F.) 
Citrate de Magnisie. A saline preparation, formed 
by saturating a solution of citric acid with either 
magnesia or its carbonate. Dose, an ounce. It 
is devoid of the bitter taste of the magnesian 
salts. 
A solution in water, or in mineral water, sweet- 
ened with syrup, and acidulated with citric acid, 
makes an agreeable purgative. A simple solu- 
tion in water has been called magnesian lemonade. 
In the effervescing state, it is the effervescing 
magnesian lemonade. The Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States (1851) has a form for the Liquor 
Magnesi.® Citra'tis, Solution of Citrate of Mag- 
nesia. Take of Carbonate of magnesia, ; ci- 
tric acid, Syrup of citric acid, 
Water, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve the citric 
acid in of water, and add £iv of the carbo- 
nate of magnesia, previously rubbed with of 
water. When the reaction has ceased, filter into 
a strong glass bottle, into which the syrup 
of citric acid has been previously introduced. 
Rub the remaining carbonate of magnesia with 
fsjij of water, and pour tho mixture into the 
bottle, which must be well corked, and secured 
with twine; and shake the mixture occasionally 
until it becomes transparent. 
Magnesi.® Hypocarbonas, M. carbonas - m. 
Subcarbonas, M. carbonas-m. Vitriolicum, Mag- 
nesias sulphas. 
Magnesi® Sulphas, Sulphas Magnesia puri- 
fica'ta, Magnesia vitriola'ta, Sal cathar' ticus 
ama'rus, Sal catharticum amarum, Sal ama'rum, 
S. Anglica' num, Sulphate of Magnesia, Sal Ep- 
somcn'sis, Sal catharticus Anglica' nus, Sal Sedli- 
cen'sis, Sal Ebsdamen'se, S. Seydschutzen'se, Terra 
ama'ra sulphu'rica, Vitriol'icum Magne'sia, Ep- 
som Salt, Hitter purging Salt, (F.) Sulfate de 
magnisie, Sei admirable de Leniery, Sei d'egra. 
Generally obtained from sea-water. Its taste is 
bitter and disagreeable. It is soluble in an equal 
quantity of water at 60°. It is purgative and 
diuretic. Dose, as a cathartic, to 5ij. 
MAGNESIAN LEMONADE, Magnesi® 
citras. , 
MAGNESIE AEREE, Magnesi® carbonas- 
m. Blanche, Magnesi® carbonas-m. Brulee, Mag- 
nesia usta - m. Carbonate de, Magnesi® carbo- 
nas- nt. Caustique, Magnesia usta - m. Citrate 
de, Magnesi® citras - m. Crayeuse, Magnesi® 
carbonas - m. Douce, Magnesi® carbonas - m. 
Effervescente, Magnesi® carbonas-in. Moyenne, 
Magnesi® carbonas-m. Souscarbonate de, Mag- 
nesi® carbonas-m. Sulfate de, Magnesi® sulphas. 
MAGNE'SII CIILO'RIDUM, Chloride of 
533 
MAGNETISM 
Magne'sium., Muriate of Magnesia. This bitter 
deliquescent salt has been given as a mild and 
effective cholagogue cathartic, in the dose of half 
an ounce to the adult. Being deliquescent, it 
may be kept dissolved in its weight of water. 
MAGNESIUM, see Magnesia-m. Chloride of, 
Magnesii chloridum - m. Oxide of, Magnesia 
usta. 
MAGNET, Magnet, Magne'tes, Ferrum magnet 
attracto'rium, Sideri'tes, Sideri'tis, Lapis hera- 
cle'us, L. Syderi'tis, L. nau'ticut, Magni'tis, so 
called from Magnes, its discoverer, or from Mag- 
nesia, whence it was obtained; (F.) Aimant; The 
magnet or loadstone. An amorphous, oxydulated 
ore of iron, which exerts an attraction on un- 
magnetized iron, and has the property of exhibit- 
ing poles; that is, of pointing by one of its ex- 
tremities to the north. This ore, by constant or 
long rubbing, communicates its properties to 
iron; and thus artificial magnets are formed. 
Magnetic ore is found in many countries, and 
particularly in the island of Elba. The magnet 
is sometimes used to extract spicula of iron from 
the eye or from wounds. It has been employed 
as an antispasmodic; but acts only through the 
imagination. The powder has been given as a 
tonic. In Pharmacy, it is used to purify iron 
filings. It attracts the iron, and the impurities 
remain behind. It formerly entered, as an ingre- 
dient, into several plasters, to draw bullets and 
heads of arrows from the body-as the Emplas- 
trum divinum Nicolai, the Emplastrum nigrum of 
Augsburg, the Opodeldoch, and Attraetivum of 
Paracelsus, <tc. 
MAGNETES, Magnet. 
MAGNET'IC, Magnet'icus. Same etymon. 
That which belongs or relates to magnetism; - 
mineral or animal. 
Magnetic Fluid. A name given to the im- 
ponderable fluid to which the magnet owes its 
virtues. By analogy it is applied to a particular 
principle, supposed to be the source of organic 
actions, which affects, it is conceived, the ner- 
vous system principally, and is susceptible of 
being transmitted from one living body to an- 
other, by contact or simple approximation, and 
especially under the influence of fixed volition. 
See Magnetism, Animal. 
Magnetic Plaster. A plaster, at present, 
not used. It had for its base a mixture, called 
Magnes artenica'lit; formed of equal parts of 
antimony, sulphur and arsenic melted together in 
a glass cucurbit. The name Magnetic plaster 
was, likewise, given to such as contained pow- 
dered magnet. 
MAGNETINUS, Potass® supertartras im- 
purus. 
MAG'NETISM, AN'IMAL, Mes'merism,Path'~ 
etisrn, Neuroga'mia, Bioga'mia, Biomagnetis'mus, 
Zoomagnetit'mus, Exon'eurism (proposed by Mr. 
H. Mayo,) Tellurit'mut, Anthropomagnetis'mus, 
Gar'gale, Gargalis'mus, Gar'galus. Properties 
attributed to the influence of a particular princi- 
ple, which has been compared to that which cha- 
racterizes the magnet. It is supposed to be 
transmitted from one person to another, and to 
impress peculiar modifications on organic action, 
especially on that of the nerves. The discus- 
sions, to which this strange belief has given rise, 
are by no means terminated. There is no evi- 
dence whatever of the existence of such a fluid. 
Highly impressible persons can be thrown into a 
kind of hysteric or ' magnetic' sleep and somnam- 
bulism, (designated by Mr. Braid, hyp'notism, 
neuro-hyp'notism, and nervous sleep}; but farther 
than this, the efforts of the magnetizer cannot 
reach. It is a mode of action upon the nerves 
through the medium of the senses. MAGNETIZATION 
MAGNETIZATION, Mesmerization. 
MAGNETIZED, Mesmerized. 
MAGNETIZER, Mesmerizer. 
MAGNITIS, Magnet. 
MAGNITUDO CORPORIS, Stature. 
MAGNOC, Jatropha manihot. 
MAGNOLIA FRAGRANS, M. glauca. 
Magno'lia Glauca, Jf. frayrans, Small 
Magnolia, Magnolia, Swamp Sas' safras, Elk 
Bark, Indian Bark, White Laurel, Sweet Bay, 
Beaver Wood, White Bay, Cinchona of Virginia, 
Castor Bay, Sweet magnolia. The bark is pos- 
sessed of tonic properties, resembling those of 
cascarilla, canella, &c. The same may be said 
of the Magnolia tripet'ala or Umbrella tree ; the 
M. acumina'ta or Cu'cumber tree, the M. grandi- 
jlo'ra and M. macrophyl'la, Laurel, Elk wood, 
Silverleaf, Big leaf, White Bay, Beaver Tree, Elk 
bark, Big bloom. 
MAGNUM DEI DONUM, Cinchona. 
Magnum Os. The third bone of the lower row 
of the carpus, reckoning from the thumb. It is 
the largest bone of the carpus ; and is, also, called 
Os capita'turn ; (F.) Grand Os. 
MAGRUMS. A popular name in the State of 
New York for a singular convulsive affection, 
which resembles chorea. It rarely, however, oc- 
curs before the adult age; never ceases sponta- 
neously, and, when fully developed, is devoid of 
any paroxysmal character. 
MAGUEY, Agave Americana. 
MAIIMOUDY, Convolvulus scammonia. 
MAHOGAN FEBRIFUGE, Swietenia febri- 
fuga. 
MAHOGANY, Gynocladus Canadensis - m. 
Mountain, Betula lenta-m. Tree, Swietenia ma- 
hogani. 
MAIANTIIEUM, Convallaria maialis. 
MAIDENHAIR, Adiantum capillus veneris- 
m. American, Adiantum pedatum - m. Canada, 
Adiantum pedatum - m. Common, Asplenium 
trichomanoides - m. Golden, Polytrichum-m. 
White, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
MAIDENHEAD, Virginity. 
MAIDENHOOD, Virginity. 
MAIEIA, Obstetrics. 
MAIEUSIS, Parturition. 
MAIEUTA, see Parturition. 
MAIEUTER, Accoucheur. 
MAIEUTES, Accoucheur. 
MAIEUTICA ARS, Obstetrics. 
MAIGREUR, Emaciation. 
MAILLET, Mallet. 
MAILLOT, Swathing clothes. 
JfAZAT, Manus. 
MAIRANIA UVA URSI, Arbutus urva ursi. 
MAIS, Zea mays. 
MAJOR HEL'ICIS. A narrow band of mus- 
cular fibres situate upon the anterior border of 
the helix of the ear, just above the tragus. 
MAJORANA, Origanum majorana - m. Hor- 
tensis, Origanum majorana - m. Syriaca, Teu- 
criuin marum. 
MAL D'AMOUR, Odontalgia. 
MAL BES ARDENS. A name given to a 
species of pestilential erysipelas or Saint Antho- 
ny's fre> which reigned epidemically in France, 
in 1130. 
MAL D'A VENTURE, Paronychia - m. di 
Breno, Scherlievo-m. Oaduc, Epilepsy. 
MAL DE CRIMEE (F.), Lipre des Cossaques, 
Lepra Tau'rica. A variety of lepra in the Cri- 
mea. 
MAL DE DENT, Odontalgia-m. d'Estomac, 
'Rithonuphagia - m. Divin, Epilepsy - m. d'En- 
fant, Pains (Labour)-m. di Fiume, Scherlievo- 
r.. Franqais, Syphilis-m. de Gorge, Cynanche- 
534 
MALADIES 
m. Haut, Epilepsy-m. de Machoire, Trismug- 
m. de Mer, Nausea marina-m. de Mire, Hysteria 
-m. de Misere, Pellagra-m. de Naples, Syphilis 
-m. Petit, Epilepsy-in. du Roi, Scrofula-in. 
Rouge de Cayenne, Elephantiasis of Cayenne-m. 
Saint Antoine, Erysipelas-m. Saint Jean, Epi- 
lepsy-m. Saint Main, Lepra, Psora-m. di Scher- 
lievo, Scherlievo-m. de Siam, Fever, yellow. 
MAL DE SAN LAZARO, Cocobay. A le- 
prous disease, common in Colombia, S. America. 
MAL DEL SOLE, Pellagra-in. de Sologne, 
Ergotism - m. de Terre, Epilepsy - in. <i Tete, 
Cephalalgia-m. del Valle, Proctocace - in. Vat, 
see Anthrax. 
MALA, Gena-m. Aurea, see Citrus aurantium. 
MALABATH'RINUM. Ancient name of an 
ointment and a wine, into which the malabathrwn 
entered. 
MALABA'THRUM, Cadeji-Indi. The leaves 
of a tree of the East Indies. These leaves en- 
tered into the theriac, mithridate, and other an- 
cient electuaries. They are believed to be from 
a species of laurel-Laurus Cassia; but, accord- 
ing to others, from Laurus Malabathrum. The 
O'leuin Malabathri is obtained from it. 
MALACCA RADIX, Sagittarium alexiphar- 
macum. 
MALACIIE, Malva rotundifolia. 
MALA'CIA, from pajama, ' softness.' A de- 
pravation of taste, in which an almost universal 
loathing is combined with an exclusive longing 
for some particular article of food. If the pa- 
tient desires substances that are not eatable or 
noxious, it constitutes Pica, Pisso'sis, Pitto'sis, 
Heterorex'ia, Heterorrhex'ia, Cissa, Citto'sis, 
Citta, Limo'sis Pica, Allotriopha'gia, Picacis'- 
inus, Pica'tio, Depra'ved ap'petite, (F.) Envie. 
These symptoms accompany several nervous af- 
fections, - those of females in particular. In 
pregnancy it is common, and is termed Longing. 
Malacia Afp.icanokum, Chthonophagia - m. 
Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
MALACISMUS, Mollifies. 
MALACOGASTER, Gastromalaxia. 
MALACOPHO'NUS, from pahaxia, 'softness,' 
and ' voice.' One who has a soft voice. 
MALACOPCEA, Emollients. 
MALACORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
MALACOSAR'COS, from paXaros, 'soft,' and 
trapl-, 'flesh.' One of a soft constitution: hab'itft 
cor'poris mollio'ri pros' ditus.- Galen. 
MALACOSIS, Mollifies-m. Cerebri, Mollifies 
cerebri-m. Cordis, Cardiomalacia-m. Hepatis, 
Hepatomalacia-m. Uteri, Hysteromalacia. 
MALACOSTEON, Mollifies ossium. 
MALACTICA, Emollients. 
MALACTICUM, Relaxant. 
MALADE, Sick. 
MALADIE, Disease-m. Anglaise, Hypochon- 
driasis- m. Bleue, Cyanopathy - m. de Bright, 
Kidney, Bright's disease of the - m. de Oruveil- 
heir, see Brash, weaning- m. Cuculaire, Pertus- 
sis- m. Glandulaire, Elephantiasis Arabica-m. 
Imaginaire, Hypochondriasis, Hysteria. 
if ALADIE DES MINEURS. Anasmia oc- 
curring in the workers in mines. 
MALADIE NOIRE, Melaena- m. du Pays, 
Nostalgia-m. Pfdiculaire, Phtheiriisis- in. de 
Pott, Vertebral disease-m. Typhoi.de, see Typhus 
-m. Venirienne, Syphilis-wi. de Vinus, Syphilis 
in. de Werlhof, Purpura haemorrhagica. 
MAL ADIES ACQUISES, Acquired diseases- 
m. Annuelles, Annual diseases-m.Chroniques,Chro- 
nic diseases - m. Connies, Connate diseases - m. 
Dissimulies,Feigned diseases-m.Externes, Exter- 
nal diseases-m. Feintes, Feigned diseases-m. He- 
reditaires, Hereditary diseases-m. Innees, Innate MALADIF 
diseases-m. Legitimes, see Legitimate - m. Ner- 
veuses, Nervous diseases - m. Simulees, Feigned 
diseases - m. Supposies, Feigned diseases - m. 
Venteuses, Pneumatosis. 
MALADIF, Sickly. 
MALADRERIE, Ladrerie. 
MALADY, ENGLISH, Hypochondriasis. 
MALj®, OS, from malum, 'an apple;' so called 
from its roundness. Os mala're, Os Juga'le, Os 
Jugamen'tum, Os Gena, Zygo'ma, Os Zygomat'i- 
cum, Os Hypo'pium, Os Subocula're, Os Pud'icum, 
(F.) Os Malaire, Os Zygomatique, Os de la Pom- 
mette. The cheek or malar bone. This bone is 
situate at the lateral and superior part of the 
face ; and constitutes the zygomatic region of the 
cheek. It is irregularly quadrilateral. Its outer 
surface is convex, covered by muscles and skin, 
and pierced with canals, called malar, through 
which vessels and nerves pass. Its upper sur- 
face is concave, and forms part of the orbit. Its 
posterior surface is concave, and enters into the 
composition of the temporal fossa. This bone is 
thick and cellular. It is articulated with the 
frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and superior maxil- 
lary bones, and is developed by a single point of 
ossification. 
The part of the face rendered prominent by 
it, the French call Pommette. 
M ALAG'M A, from gahaaau, ' I soften.' An 
emollient cataplasm, and, in general, every local 
application which enjoys the property of soften- 
ing organic tissues. 
MALAIRE, Indisposition 
MALAKIEN, Mollities. 
MALAMBO BARK, Matias. 
MALANDRIA. A species of lepra or elephan- 
tiasis.- Marcellus Empiricus. 
MALANDRIO'SUS, Leprous. Affected with a 
species of lepra. 
MALAR, Mala'ris, from mala, 'the cheek.' 
Belonging to the cheek, - as the malar bone. 
Malar Process, Zygomatic process. 
MALARE OS, Malm os. 
MALARIA, Miasm. 
MALA'RIOUS, Mala'rial. Owing to, or con- 
nected with Malaria, - as a malarious soil, mala- 
rious disease, Ac. 
MALASSIMILA'TION, Malassimila'tio; from 
mala, 'bad,' and assimilatio, 'assimilation.' Im- 
perfect or morbid assimilation or nutrition. 
M AL'AX ATE, Molli'ri, Subig"ere, Mala- 
cissa're, (F.) Malaxer, from paXaaau, 'I soften.' 
To produce softening of drugs, by kneading them. 
The process is called Malaxa'tion, Malaxa'tio. 
MALAXATION, see Malaxate. 
MALAXIA VENTRICULI, Gastromalaxia. 
MALAXIS, Mollities - m. Cordis, Cardioma- 
lacia. 
MALAY, see Homo. 
MALAZISSA'TUS, Malacissa'tus, from mala- 
cisso, ' I soften.' One in whom the testicles have 
not descended. It has, also,been used synonymous- 
ly with emascula'tus and muliera'tus.- Castelli. 
MALCE, Chilblain. 
MALE, Mas, Mas'cuius. Of the sex that be- 
gets young. Not female. What belongs to the 
male sex; as the male organs of generation. 
Male. Axilla-m. Organ, Penis. 
MALEFICIUM, Poisoning. 
MALFORMA'TION, malforma'tio, malconfor- 
tna'tio; from mala, ' bad,' and forma, ' form.' 
A wrong formation ; or irregularity in the struc- 
ture of parts. See Monster. 
MALIA, see Equinia. 
MALIASMU8, Malis, see Equinia. 
MALICHORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
MALICORIUM, see Punica granatum. 
MALIE, Equinia. 
535 
MALPIGHIA 
MALIG'NANT, Malig'nus. (F.) Malin. A 
term applied to any disease whose symptoms are 
so aggravated as to threaten the destruction of 
the patient. A disease of a very serious charac- 
ter, although it may be mild in appearance; - 
Morbus malignus. 
MALIN, Malignant. 
MALING'ERER; from (F.) malingre, 'sickly.' 
A simulator of disease, so termed in the British 
military service. 
MALTS, Malias'mos, Cuta'neous vermina'tion, 
Helminthon'cus. The cuticle or skin infested 
with animalcules, - Phthiri'asis, Parasitis'mus 
superfic"iei. In Persia, this affection is produced 
by the Guinea worm; in South America, by the 
Chigre ; and in Europe, occasionally by the 
Louse. See Equinia, and Phtheiriasis. 
Malts Dracunculus, Dracupculus-m. Gordii, 
Dracunculus-m. Pediculi, Phtheiriasis. 
MALLE'OLAR, Malleola'ris, from malleolus, 
'the ankle.' Belonging or relating to the ankles. 
Malleolar Arteries are two branches fur- 
nished by the anterior tibial about the instep; 
the one-the internal-passes transversely behind 
the tendon of the tibialis anticus, to be distributed 
in the vicinity of the malleolus internus ; - the 
other-the external - glides behiud the tendons 
of the extensor communis digitorum pedis and the 
peroneus brevis, and sends its branches to the 
parts which surround the outer ankle, as well as 
to the outer region of the tarsus. 
MALLE'OLUS. Diminutive of malleus, 'a 
mallet, or hammer;' Rasce'ta, Paste'ta, Rascha, 
Rasetta, Rase'ta, Sphyra, Talus, Diab' ebos, Ta- 
le'olus, Peza, the Ankle, (F.) MallAole, Cheville 
du Pied. The two projections formed by the 
bones of the leg at their inferior part. The 
inner belongs to the tibia; the outer to the fibula. 
The ankles afford attachment to ligaments; and 
each has a sort of gutter, in which certain tendons 
slide. See Malleus. 
MALLET, Malle'olus, (F.) Maillet. A kind 
of hammer, used with a gouge for removing or 
cutting bones, in certain surgical and anatomical 
operations. 
MAL'LEUS, Malle'olus, Ossic'ulum Malleolo 
assimila'tum, (F.) Marteau. The longest and 
outermost of the four small bones of the ear. It 
is situate at the outer part of the tympanum, and 
is united to the membrana tympani. It has, 1. 
An ovoid head, which is articulated behind with 
the incus, and is supported by a narrow part 
called the neck : this has, anteriorly, a long apo- 
physis, which is engaged in the glenoid fissure, 
and is called the Apophysis or Process, Proces'sus 
grac"ilis, of Rau. It affords attachment to the 
anterior mallei muscle. 2. A handle, which forms 
an obtuse angle with the neck, and corresponds 
to the membrane of the tympanum, which it 
seems to draw inwards. It is furnished at its up- 
per extremity with a process-the processus brevis, 
to which the interims mallei is attached. This bone 
is developed by a single point of ossification. 
Malleus, Equinia-M.farciminosus, see Equi- 
nia- m. Slender Process of the, Grele apophyse 
du marteau. 
MALLOW, COMMON, Malva-m. Compound 
decoction of, Decoctum malvae compositum - nt. 
Yellow, Abutilon cordatum. 
MALMEDY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mal- 
medy is a town in Rhenish Prussia, between Spa 
and Coblenz. In its immediate vicinity are seve- 
ral acidulous chalybeate springs. 
MALO DI SCARLIE VO, Scherlievo. 
MALOGRANATUM, Punica granatum. 
MALPIGHI, ACINI OF, CorporaMalpighiana. 
MALPIG'HIA MOUREL'LA, (F.) Moureil- 
lier, Simarouba faux. The bark of this shrub - MALPIGHIAN BODIES 
a native of Cayenne - is reputed to be febrifuge, 
and useful in diarrhoea. 
MALPIGHIAN BODIES, Corpora Malpighi- 
ana-tn. b. Inflammation of the, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the-m. b. of the Spleen, see Spleen. 
MALPRAX'IS, Mala praxis, Malum reg" imen. 
Bad management or treatment. 
MALT, Sax. mealo, Dutch m o u t, Teut. 
malt; from /zu>arra>, 'I soften;' [?] Byne, Mal- 
tum, Hor'dei maltuni, Bra'sium, (F.) Dreche. Bar- 
ley made to germinate, for the purpose of forming 
beer. It has been recommended in medicine, as 
antiscorbutic, antiscrofulous, <tc. 
Malt Spirit. A spirit distilled from malt. It 
is the basis of most of the spirituous cordials. 
MALTA, CLIMATE OF. The climate of 
Malta is pretty equable, the range of tempera- 
ture in the twenty-four hours being rarely more 
than 6°. The air is almost always dry and clear. 
The most disagreeable wind is the sirocco, which 
is the source of more or less suffering to the pul- 
monary invalid. The winter climate is favoura- 
ble. Dr. Liddell thinks that no place which he 
has seen in the south of Europe can compete with 
Malta, for a mild, dry, bracing air in November, 
December, and part of January; and during the 
other winter and spring months, he thinks it is 
equal to any of them. 
MALTHA, Malthe, from /mAarrw, ' I soften.' 
Wax, particularly soft wax. 
MALTHACTICA, Emollients. 
MALTHAXIS, Mollifies. 
MALUM, Disease, Melum - m. Articulorum, 
Gout-m. Caducum, Epilepsy-m. Caducum pul- 
monum, Asthma-m. Canum, see Pyrus cydonia 
-m. Coense, Averrhoa carambola-m. Cotoneum, 
see Pyrus cydonia - m. Hypochondriacum, Hy- 
pochondriasis-m. Hystericum, Hysteria-m. In- 
sanum, see Solanum Melongena-m. Ischiadicum, 
Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea-m. Lazari, Elephan- 
tiasis-m. Lycopersicum, Solanum lycopersicum. 
Malum Mor'tuum. A species of lepra, in 
which the affected portions of skin seem to be 
struck with death. 
Malum Pilare, Trichosis-m. Pottii, Vertebral 
disease-m. Primarium, Idiopathia-m. Regimen, 
Malpraxis-m. Spinosum, Datura stramonium- 
m. Terrestre, Atropa Mandragora-m. Venereum, 
Syphilis. 
MALUS, Pyrus malus - m. Aurantia major, 
Citrus aurantium-m. Communis, Pyrus malus- 
m. Dasyphylla, Pyrus malus. 
Malus In'dica, Bilumbi biting-bing of Bon- 
tius. The juice of this East India tree is cool- 
ing, and is drunk as a cure for fevers. The 
leaves, boiled and made into a cataplasm with 
rice, are famed in all sorts of tumours. The 
juice, mixed with arrack, is drunk for the cure 
of diarrhoea. The ripe fruit is eaten as a deli- 
cacy ; and the unripe is made into a pickle for 
the use of the table. 
Malus Limonia Acida, see Citrus medica-m. 
Medica, see Citrus medica-m. Sylvestris, Pyrus 
malus. 
MALVA, Malva sylves'tris seu vulga'ris, Com- 
mon Mallow, (F.) Mauve sauvage. The leaves 
and flowers are chiefly used in fomentations, cata- 
plasms, and emollient enemata. Its properties 
are demulcent. 
Malva rotundifo'lia, Mai'ache, Mal'oche, has 
like virtues; as well as the other varieties. 
MALVAVISCUM, Althasa. 
MALVERN, WATERS OF. The village of 
Great Malvern, (pronounced Maw'vern,) in Wor- 
cestershire, England, has for many years been 
celebrated for a spring of remarkable purity, 
which has acquired the name of the Holy well. 
It is a carbonated water; containing carbonates 
536 
MAMMARY 
of soda and iron, sulphate of soda, and chloride 
of sodium; and is chiefly used externally, in cu- 
taneous affections. 
MAMA-PIAN. An ulcer of a bad aspect, 
which is the commencement of the pian; and 
which, after having destroyed the flesh, extends 
to the bones. It is also called the Mother of 
Pians ;-La mire des plans. 
MAMEI, Mamoe, Momin or Toddy tree. From 
incisions made in the branches of this West In- 
dian tree, a copius discharge of pellucid liquor 
occurs, which is called momin or Toddy wine. It 
is very diuretic, and is esteemed to be a good an- 
tilithic and lithontriptic. 
MAMELLE, Mamma. 
M AM ELON, Nipple. 
MAMELONNE, Mammillated. 
MAMELONS DU HEIN, Papillae of the 
kidney. 
MAMILLA, see Mamma. 
MAMMA, from mamma, one of the earliest 
cries of the infant, ascribed to a desire for food. 
Masthos, Mastus, Mazos, Thele, Titthos, Ruma, 
Uber, Nutrix, Gemip'oma. The female breast, 
[Mammilla, Mamilla being the male breast;) (F.) 
Mamelle. A glandular organ, proper to a class 
of animals - the mammalia- and intended for 
the secretion of milk. The mammae exist in 
both sexes, but they acquire a much greater size 
in the female; especially during pregnancy and 
lactation. In women, before the age of puberty, 
the breasts are but little developed. At this 
period, however, towards the central part of each 
breast, the skin suddenly changes colour, and 
assumes a rosy tint. It is of a reddish brown in 
women who have suckled several children. This 
circle has a rugous appearance, owing to the pre- 
sence of sebaceous glands, and is called Are'ola 
or Aure'ola. These glands-Tubercles of the Are- 
ola, of Sir Astley Cooper - furnish an unctuous 
fluid for defending the nipple from the action of 
the saliva of the sucking infant. In the midst 
of the aureola is the nipple, a conoidal eminence, 
of a rosy tint, susceptible of erection, and at the 
surface of which the galactophorous ducts open. 
Besides the skin covering them, the breasts are, 
also, composed of a layer of fatty areolar tissue, 
more or less thick ; of a large gland; excretory 
ducts; vessels, nerves, Ao. See Mammary. 
The breasts are called the bosom,sinus,(F.) Sein. 
Mamma also means a nurse. 
MAMMAL, plural Mamma'lia, Mam'mifer, 
mammif'erous animal; from mamma, 'a breast.' 
An animal that suckles its young. 
MAM'MARY, Mamma'rius, from mamma, 'the 
breast.' Relating to the breasts. 
Mammary Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
Mammary Arteries are three in number. 
They are distinguished into - 1. The Internal 
Mammary, Arte'ria sterna'lis, A. Sous-sternal 
(Ch.), Internal thorae"ic. It arises from the sub- 
clavian, and descends obliquely inwards, from its 
origin to the cartilage of the third rib. Below 
the diaphragm it divides into two branches ; the 
one external, the other internal. From its origin 
until its bifurcation, it gives branches to the 
muscles and glands of the neck, to the thymus, 
mediastinum, pericardium, and oesophagus. In 
each intercostal space, it gives off internal and 
external musculo-cutaneous branches, and also, 
on each side, the superior diaphragmatic. Its 
two ultimate branches are distributed on the 
parietes of the abdomen, and anastomose with 
the external mammary, intercostal, lumbar, cir- 
cumflexa ilii, and epigastric arteries. 2. The Ex- 
ternal Mammary Arteries are two in number, and 
are distinguished into superior and inferior. The 
superior external mammary, First of the thoracics MANGANESE 
surface of the bones of the cranium, which cor- 
respond to the anfractuosities of the cranium. 
2. To white, round, medullary tubercles, of the 
size of a pea, situate at the base of the brain, be- 
hind the gray substance from which the Tige 
pituitaire, of the French anatomists, arises. 
These Mammillary Tubercles, Cor'pora albican'- 
tia, C. Candican'tia, C. Mammilla'ria, C. Pisi- 
for'mia, Bulbi for'nicis, Mammilla: medulla'res, 
Prominentice albican'tes, Proces'sus mammilla'res 
cer'ebri, Protensio'nes glandula'res, Eminen'tia 
candican'tes, Prio'rum crurum for'nicis bulbi, 
Willis's Glands, (F.) Bulbes de la vo&te <i trois 
piliers, Tubercles pisiformes (Ch.), are united to 
each other by a small grayish band, which cor- 
responds with the third ventricle. They receive 
the anterior prolongations of the fornix. Some 
ancient anatomists, taking the nervous trunks, to 
which Willis first gave the name of olfactory 
nerves, for simple appendages of the brain, called 
them, on account of their shape, Carun'cula 
mammilla'res. Vesalius, Fallopius, Columbus,and 
several others, termed them Proces'sus mammilla'- 
res cer'ebri ad nares. 
MAM'MILLATED, (F.) Mamelonne, from 
mamma, 'the female breast.' That which has 
mammiform projections on its surface. 
Mammillated Liver, Cirrhosis. 
MAMMOSA, Mammeata. 
MAMOE, Mamei. 
MAN, Aner, Anthropos, Homo. 
MAN-IN-THE-GROUND, Convolvulus pan- 
duratus. 
MANCHE D'HIPPOCRATE, Chausse. 
MANCURANA, Origanum. 
MANDIBULA, Maxillary bone. 
MAbiDIBULARIS MUSCULUS, Masseter. 
MANDO, Glutton. 
M A N D R A G 0 R A, Atropa mandragora - m. 
Acaulis, Atropa mandragora - m. Officinalis, 
Atropa mandragora - m. Vernalis, Atropa man- 
dragora. 
MANDRAGORI'TES, from gavbpayopa, the 
At'ropa mandrag'ora or mandrake. Wine in 
which the roots of mandrake have been infused. 
MANDRAKE, Atropa mandragora, Podophyl- 
lum peltatum, P. montanum. 
MANDUCATIO, Mastication - m. Difficilis, 
Bradymasesis. 
MAN'DUCATORY, Manducato'rius; from 
Manducatio, ' mastication.' Appertaining or re- 
lating to mastication ; - as, 
Manducatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
MANGANESE, BLACK OXIDE OF, Jfun- 
gane'sii ox'idum, M. Binox'idum, Tetrox'ide of 
manganese, Magne'sia nigra, Mangane'siwn vitra- 
rio'rum, M. oxyda'tum nati'vum seu nigrum, Man- 
gane'sium ochra'ceum nigrum, M. oxyda'tum nati'- 
vum, Man'ganum oxyda'tum nativum, Moh/bda'- 
num magne'sii, Oxo'des man'gani nati'va, Perox'- 
ydum mangane'eii nigrum nativum, Superox'ydum 
mangan'icum, (F.) Oxyde noir de manganite. 
This oxide is not much used in medicine. It has 
been advised to dust the affected parts, in tinetr 
capitis, with the powder. 
Manganese, Salts of, see Manganese, sul- 
phate of. 
MANGANESE, OXYDE NOIR DE, Man 
ganese, black oxide of. 
Man'ganese, Sulphate of, Mangane'sii Sul- 
phas, M. Protox'idi Sulphas, Sulphate of Pro 
tox'ide of Man'ganese. A rose-eoloured and very 
soluble salt, isomorphous with sulphate of mag 
nesia. It is prepared on a large seale for the use 
of the dyer, by heating, in a close vessel, peroxide 
of manganese and coal, aud dissolvii g the im- 
MAMMEA 
(Ch.,) Superior external thoracic, Superior tho- 
racic, is furnished by the axillary artery. It 
descends obliquely forwards between the pector- 
alis major and pectoralis minor, to which it is 
distributed by a considerable number of branches. 
The inferior external mammary, the second of the 
thoracics (Ch.,) Long or inferior thoracic, arises 
from the axillary artery, a little below the pre- 
ceding. It descends vertically over the lateral 
part of the thorax; curves, afterWards, inwards ; 
becomes subcutaneous and divides into a number 
of branches, which surround the breast. It gives 
branches to the pectoralis major, serratus major 
anticus, the intercostal muscles, the glands of 
the axilla, and the integuments of the breast. 
Mammary Gland is the secretory organ of the 
milk. It is situate in the substance of the breast, 
to which it gives shape and size. The tissue of 
this gland results from the assemblage of lobes 
of different size, united intimately by a dense are- 
olar tissue. Each of these is composed of seve- 
ral lobules, formed of round granulations, of a 
rosy white colour, and of the size of a poppy seed. 
The glandular grains give rise to the radicles of 
the excretory canals of the mamma, which are 
called galactophorous or lactiferous. These ex- 
cretory vessels unite in ramusculi, rami, and in 
trunks of greater or less size; collect towards 
the centre of the gland; are tortuous, very ex- 
tensible and semi-transparent. All terminate in 
sinuses, situate near the base of the nipple, which 
are commonly from 15 to 18 in number. These 
sinuses are very short, conical, and united by are- 
olar tissue. From their summits, a fasciculus of 
new ducts sets out, which occupy the centre of 
the nipple and open separately at its surface. 
The arteries of the mammary gland come from 
the thoracic, axillary, intercostal, and internal 
mammary. The veins accompany the arteries; 
the nerves are furnished by the intercostals, and 
brachial plexus; the lymphatic vessels are very 
numerous, and form two layers. They commu- 
nicate with those of the thorax, and pass into the 
axillary ganglions. 
Mam'mary Sarco'ma, Mastoid sarcoma of 
Abernethy, Emphy'ma sarcoma mamma'rum. A 
tumour, of the colour and texture of the mam- 
mary gland; dense and whitish ; sometimes softer 
and brownish ; often producing, on extirpation, a 
malignant ulcer with indurated edges. Found in 
various parts of the body and limbs. 
Mammary Veins follow the same course as the 
arteries, and have received the same denomina- 
tions. The internal mammary vein, of the right 
side, opens into the superior cava; that of the 
left, into the corresponding subclavian vein. 
The external mammary veins open into the axil- 
lary vein. 
MAMME'A AMERICA'NA. The systematic 
name of the tree on which the mammee fruit 
grows. This fruit has a delightful flavour when 
ripe; and is much cultivated in Jamaica, where 
it is generally sold in the markets as one of the 
best fruits of the island. 
MAMMEA'TA, Mammo'sa, from mamma, 'the 
breast.' One who has large breasts. 
MAMMELLA, Nipple. 
MAMMIFER, Mammal. 
MAMMIFEROUS ANIMAL, Mammal. 
MAMMIFORM, Mastoid. 
MAMMILLA, Mamma (male.) Nipple. 
MAMMILLAE MEDULLARES, see Mammil- 
lary. 
MAMMILLARIS, Mastoid. 
MAM'MILLARY, Mammilla'ris, from Mam- 
milla, ' a small breast, a nipple.' See Mastoid. 
Mammillary Eminence is a name given, 1. 
To more or less marked prominences on the inner 
537 MANGANESII 
pure protoxide thus obtained in sulphuric acid, 
with the addition of a little chlorohydric acid 
towards the end of the process. The solution is 
evaporated to dryness, and again exposed to a red 
heat, by which the persulphate of iron is decom- 
posed. Water then dissolves the pure sulphate 
of manganese, leaving the oxide of iron behind. 
This salt has been recommended as a chola- 
gogue, in doses of a drachm or two. 
The salts of manganese have been recommended 
in chlorosis and amenorrhoea, and as substitutes 
for chalybeates generally. The subcarbonate and 
the oxide have been chiefly employed. 
Manganese, Tetroxide of, M. Black oxide of, 
MANGANESII BINOXIDUM, Manganese, 
black oxide of-m. Oxidum, Manganese, black 
oxide of-m. Peroxydum nigrum nativum, Man- 
ganese, black oxide of - m. Protoxidi sulphas, 
Manganese, sulphate of-m. Sulphas, Manganese, 
sulphate of. 
MANGANESIUM OCIIRACEUM NIGRUM, 
Manganese, black oxide of-m. Oxydatum nati- 
vum sen nigrum, Manganese, black oxide of- 
m. Vitrariorum, Manganese, black oxide of. 
MANGANI OXODES NATIVA, Manganese, 
black oxide of. 
MANGANICUM SUPEROXIDUM, Manga- 
nese, black oxide of. 
MANGANUM OXYDATUM NATIVUM, 
Manganese, black oxide of. 
MANGE, Scabies ferina. 
MANGIF'ERA IN'DICA, Jf. domes'tica. 
The Mango tree, (F.) Manguier. A tree culti- 
vated over Asia, and in South America. Mangos, 
when ripe, are juicy, of a good flavour, and so 
fragrant as to perfume the air to a considerable 
distance. They are eaten, either raw or pre- 
served with sugar. From the expressed juice a 
wine is prepared; and the remainder of the ker- 
nel can be reduced to an excellent flour for bread. 
MANGO TREE, Mangifera Indica. 
MANGONISATIO, Falsification. 
MANGONIUM, Falsification. 
MANGOSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
MANGOSTANA, Garcinia mangostana - m. 
Cambogia, Garcinia cambogia-m. Garcinia, Gar- 
cinia mangostana. 
MANGOUSTAN, Garcinia mangostana. 
MANGUIER, Mangifera Indica. 
MANHOOD, Adult age. 
MANI, Arachis hypogaia. 
MA'NIA, Furor, Hemianthro'pia, Furor ma- 
nia, Insa'nia, Delir'ium mani'acum, Ecphro'nia 
mania, Delir'ium mania, D. furio'sum, Mania 
universa'lis, Vesa'nia mania, (F.) Manie, Hyper- 
phrlinie, Raving or furious madness; from yacvo- 
pai, ' I am furious.' With some, it means insa- 
nity. Disorder of the intellect, in which there is 
erroneous judgment or hallucination, which im- 
pels to acts of fury. If the raving be not di- 
rected to a single object, it is mania properly so 
called ; if to one object, it constitutes monomania, 
which term is, however, usually given to melan- 
choly. Mania attacks adults chiefly; and wo- 
men more frequently than men. The prognosis 
is unfavourable. About one-third never recover; 
and they who do are apt te relapse. Separation 
is one of the most effective means of treatment, 
with attention to the corporeal condition and 
every thing that can add to the mental comfort 
of the patient, and turn his thoughts away from 
the subjects of his delusion. In the violence of 
the paroxysms, recourse must be had to the strait 
waistcoat, the shower bath, <tc. Separation 
should be continued for some weeks during con- 
valescence, with the view of preventing a relapse. 
Mania. Dancing. Dancing plague. A form 
of convulsion, whicn Mas appeared, at various 
538 
MANUS 
times, epidemically under the form of St. Vitus's 
dance, St. John's dance, Tarantism, Hysteria, 
Tigretier (in Abyssinia), and diseased sympathy; 
and which has been fully described by Hecker in 
his ' Epidemics of the Middle Ages.' See Con- 
vulsionnaire. 
A form of convulsion, induced by religious 
phrenzy, has been vulgarly called the Jerks. 
Mania Epheptica, see Epilepsy-m. Erotica, 
Erotomania-m. Lactea, M. puerperal - m. Me- 
lancholica, Melancholy-m. a Pathemate, Empa- 
thema-m. a Potfl, Delirium tremens. 
Mania, Puer'peral, J/a'nta puerpera'rum 
acu'ta, M. puerpera'lis, M. lac'tea, Insa'nia puer- 
pera'rum, Encephalopathi'a puerpera'lis, Puer- 
peral Insanity. Mania which supervenes in the 
childbed state. 
Mania Purperarum Acuta, M. puerperal - 
m. sine Delirio, Pathomania - m. a Temulentifl, 
Delirium tremens-m. Pellagria, Pellagra. 
MANIACAL, Maniodes. 
MANIACUS, Maniodes. 
MANICA HIPPOCRATIS, Chausse. 
MANIE, Mania-m. sans Dilire, Empathema. 
MANIGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
MANIIBAR, Jatropha manihot. 
MANILU'VIUM, Manulu'vium, from manus, 
'the hand,' and ' lavo, 'I wash.' A bath for the 
hands. It may be rendered stimulating, by 
means of muriatic acid, mustard, <fce. 
MANIOC, Jatropha manihot. 
MANIO'DES, Mani'acus, Mani'acai. One la- 
bouring under mania; Hemianthro' pus, Furio'sus, 
Furibun'dus, Lyssas, Lysse'ter. 
MANIPULA'TION, from manus, 'a hand.' 
Mode of working in the arts. 
MANIP'ULUS, (F.) Poignie. The quantity 
of a substance capable of filling the hand. A 
handful. See Fasciculus. 
MAN-MIDWIFE, Accoucheur. 
MANNA, see Fraxinus ornus - m. Brianjon, 
see Pinus larix-m. Brigantina, see Pinus larix- 
m. Calabrina, see Fraxinus ornus-m. Croup, Se- 
molina- m. Laricea, see Pinus larix - m. Metal- 
lorum, Hydrargyri submurias. 
MANNEQUIN, Fan tom. 
MANNEKIN, Fantom. 
MANNIN, see Fraxinus ornus. 
MANNITE, see Fraxinus ornus. 
MANOEUVRE (F.), pronounced manew'ver ; 
from main, 'the hand,' and oeuvre, 'work.' A 
dexterous movement. Applied in France to the 
practice of surgical or obstetrical operations on 
the dead body or phantom; Opera'tio chirur'- 
gica vel obstet'rica. 
MANSANA ARBOREA, see Jujube. 
MANSFORD'S PLATES, see Galvanism. 
MANSORIUS, Buccinator. 
MANSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
MANTELE, Bandage (body). 
MANTI'A, Man'tica, Man'tice, in English, 
mancy ; a common suffix, denoting ' divination;' 
Divina'tio, Pradivinatio, Prasa'gium. 
MANTILE, Bandage (body). 
MANTLE. Panniculus carnosus. 
MANU'BRIUM, from manus, 'a hand.' The 
handle of any thing: - as manu'brium mal'lei, 
petiolus mal'lei, 'the handle of the malleus.' 
Manubrium, Chasse-m. Manfls, Radius. 
Manubrium Sterni. The uppermost broad 
part of the sternum. 
MANULUVIUM, Bath, hand, Maniluvium. 
MANUS, Cheir, Chir, Instrumentuni Instru- 
mentorum, Hand, Paw, (F.) Main. The part 
which terminates the upper extremity in man, 
and which is inservient to prehension and touch. 
It extends from the fold of the wrist to the extre- 
mity of the fingers. The hand is sustained by a MANUSTUPRATIO 
bony skeleton, composed of a number of pieces, 
movable on each other; of muscles, tendons, car- 
tilages, ligaments, vessels, nerves, Ac. It is di- 
vided into three parts - the carpus or wrist, the 
metacarpws, and fingers. Its concave surface is 
called the palm ; the convex surface the back of 
the hand. The facility of being able to oppose 
the thumb to the fingers in order to seiee objects 
forms one of the distinctive characters of the 
human hand. 
Manus Christi Perla'ta. A name anciently 
given to troches, prepared of pearls and sugar of 
roses. They were called Manus Christi sim'plices, 
when pearls were not employed. 
Manus Dei. An ancient plaster, prepared of 
wa.r, myrrh, frankincense, mastich, gum ammo- 
niac, galbanum, oil, Ac. See Opium. 
Manus IIepatis, Porta vena-m. Jecoris, Porta 
vena-m. Parva majori adjutrix, see Digitus. 
MANUSTUPRATIO, Masturbation. 
MANUSTUPRATOR, Masturbator. 
MANYPLIES, Omasum. 
MAPLE, Acer saccharinum-m. Ground, Ileu- 
chera cortusa. 
MARAIS, Marsh. 
MARANTA ARUNDINACEA, Arrow-root. 
Maran'ta Galan'ga, Alpi'nia galan'ga, Amo'- 
mum galanga, Galanga. The smaller galan'gal. 
Two kinds of galangal are mentioned in the 
pharmacopoeias ; the greater, obtained from 
Kampferia galanga, and the smaller, from the 
root of Maranta galanga. The dried root is 
brought from China, in pieces, from one to two 
inches in length, but scarcely half as thick; 
branched; full of knots and joints, with several 
circular rings, of a reddish brown colour, on the 
outside, and brownish within. It was formerly 
much used as a warm stomachic bitter, and gene- 
rally ordered in bitter infusions. 
MARASCHINO, see Spirit. 
MARASMOP'YRA, Febris marasmo'des, from 
papaa/ios, ' marasmus,' and rep, ' fever.' Fever 
of emaciation in general. Hectic fever. 
MARASMUS, Atrophy - m. Lactantium, Pse- 
datrophia-m. Phthisis, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Marasmus Seni'lis, Tabes senum, Geronta- 
troph'ia. Progressive atrophy of the aged. 
Marasmus Tabes, Tabes - m. Tabes dorsalis, 
Tabes dorsalis. 
MAR ATIIRI'TES, from * fennel.' 
Wine impregnated with fennel. 
MARATHROPHYLLUM, Peucedanum. 
MARATHRUM, Anethum-m. Sylvestre, Peu- 
cedanum. 
MARAUGIA, Metamorphopsia. 
MARBLE. Marmor. 
MA UR RE, Marmor. 
MARC, Magma. 
MARCASITA, Bismuth - m. Alba, Bismuth, 
subnitrate of-m. Plumbea, Antimonium. 
MARCASITA! MAGISTERIUM, Bismuth, 
subnitrate of. 
MARCHAN'TIA POLYMOR'PHA, M. stel- 
la'ta seu umbella'ta, Hepat'ica fonta'na, Lichen 
stella'tus, Jecora'ria, Liv'erwort, (F.) Hepatique 
des fontaines. This plant is mildly pungent and 
bitter. It is recommended as aperient, resolvent, 
and antiscorbutic; and is usedin diseased liver, &e. 
MARCHE LA, Walking. 
MARCHIO'NIS PULVIS, Powder of the Mar- 
quis. A powder, formerly considered to be anti- 
epileptic ; and composed of Male pteony root, Mis- 
tletoe, Ivory shavings, Horn of the hoof of the stag, 
Spodium, Tooth of the monodon, coral, ic. 
MARCORES, Atrophy, Emaciation. 
MARCORY, Stillingia. 
MARECAGEUX, Elodes. 
539 
MARMELADE 
MAREO, Puna. 
MARE'S TAIL, Ilippuris vulgaris. 
MARGA CAN'DIDA, Lac luw.. An ancient 
name for a variety of spongy, white, friable marl, 
which was employed as an astringent and refri- 
gerant. 
MARGARETIZZA, Scherlievo. 
MARGARITA, Pearl. 
MARGARITA'CEOUS, Margarita'ceus, Na'- 
creous, (F.) Nacrf ; from Margarita, 1 pearl, mo- 
ther of pearl.' Resembling, or of the nature of, 
mother of pearl, - as Leuco'ma Margarita'ceum; 
Pearl-like leucoma. 
MARGARON, Pearl. 
MARGELIS, Pearl. 
MARGELLIUM, Pearl. 
MAR GIN I- SUS- SOAP UL O-TRO CHITE- 
RIEN, Teres minor. 
MARGO, Bord-m. Dentatus, see Retina-m. 
Orbitalis, see Orbit. 
MARGUERITE PETITE, Bellis -tn. des 
Prls, grande, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum. 
MARIENBAD, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Celebrated springs in Bohemia. The Kreuzbrunn 
contains sulphate of soda, carbonate of iron, and 
carbonic acid. 
MARIGOLD, DIAMOND FIG, Mesembryan- 
themum crystallinum - m. Garden, Calendula 
officinalis - m. Single, Calendula officinalis-m. 
Wild, Calendula arvensis. 
MARIOTTE, EXPERIMENT OF. A cele- 
brated experiment of the Abb6 Mariotte, which 
consists in placing two small round spots on a 
wall at some distance from each other, stand- 
ing opposite the left-hand object, and looking at 
it with the right eye, the left being closed. By 
walking backwards, until the distance from the 
object is about five times as great as the distance 
between the two objects, the latter will be found 
to disappear. Mariotte and, after him, many 
ophthalmologists, inferred that the optic nerve, 
on which the ray doubtless falls in this experi- 
ment, is insensible; and hence that the choroid 
may be the seat of vision,-not the retina. The 
inference is illogical; for it doubtless falls on the 
part of the optic nerve where the central artery 
enters, and the central vein leaves the eyeball, 
and where there is necessarily no neurine. 
MARIS, papij. Ancient name of a measure, 
containing 83 pints and 4 ounces. 
MARISCA, Ficus, Haemorrhois. 
MARJ0LA1NE, Origanum majorana. 
MARJORAM, COMMON, Origanum-m.Wild, 
Origanum-m. Sweet, Origanum majorana. 
MARJORANA, Origanum majorana-m. Man- 
curana, Origanum. 
MARMALADE, Marmelade. 
MARMARYGE, see Metamorphopsia. 
MARMARYGO'DES, 'brilliant.' An epithet, 
joined particularly to the word to indi- 
cate a brilliant eye, a flashing eye. An eye 
which transmits the image of imaginary objects. 
See Metamorphopsia. 
MAR'MELADE, Marmela'da, Marmela'ta, 
Marmalade, Miva. Parts of vegetables, con 
fected with sugar, and reduced to a pultaceiAis 
consistence. 
Marmelade of Apricots. A marmelade, 
prepared with two parts of ripe apricots deprived 
of their stones, and one part of white sugar. 
Marmelade of Fernel, M. of Tronchin. 
Marmelade of Tronchin, or of Fernel. A 
kind of thick looch, of an agreeable taste, pre- 
pared with two ounces of oil of sweet almonds, as 
much syrup of violets, manna in tears, very fresh 
pulp of cassia, 16 grains of gum tragacanth, and MARMELATA 
two drachms of orange flower water. It is used 
as a laxative, demulcent, and pectoral. 
MARMELATzl, Marmelade. 
MARMOR, Marble, Calcis Car'bonas darns, 
(F.) Marbre. White granular carbonate of lime. 
Used in pharmacy for the preparation of a pure 
lime, and the disengagement of carbonic acid. 
MARMORATA AURIUM, Cerumen. 
MARMORYGE, see Metamorphopsia-m. Ilip- 
pocratis, Ilemiopia. 
MAROUTE, Anthemis cotula, 
MAR'RIOTT, DRY VOMIT OF. This once 
celebrated emetic, called dry, from its being ex- 
hibited without drink, consisted of equal portions 
of tartarized antimony and sulphate of copper. 
MARRONIER D'INDE, zEsculus Hippocas- 
tanum. 
MARROW, My'elos, Medul'la, M.ossium, Med' - 
ullary Juice, Axun'gia de Mum'ia, Sax. mep j, (F.) 
Moelle, Sue midullaire. The oily, inflammable, 
whitish or yellowish juice, which fills the medul- 
lary canal of the long bones, the cancellated 
structure at the extremities of those bones, the 
diploe of flat bones, and the interior of short 
bones. The marrow is furnished by the exhala- 
tion of the medullary membrane. It is fluid 
during life, and appears under the form of small 
points or brilliant grains after death. It is en- 
veloped in the medullary membrane. 
Marrow, Spinal, Medulla spinalis - m. Ver- 
tebral, Medulla spinalis. 
MARRUBE BLANC, Marrubium - tn. Noir, 
Ballota foetida. 
MARRU'BIUM, Marrubium vulga're seu al- 
bum seu German'icum seu apulum, Pra'sium, 
Phrasum, Horehound, (F.) Marrube blanc. The 
leaves have a moderately strong, aromatic smell; 
and a very bitter, penetrating, diffusive, and du- 
rable taste. It has often been given in coughs 
and asthmas, united with sugar. Dose, to 
in infusion ; dose of extract, gr. x to jss. 
Ford's Balsam of Horehound, is made as 
follows: - horehound, liquorice root, aa Ibiij and 
£viij; water, q. s. to strain Ibvj. Infuse. To 
the strained liquor add :-proof spirit or brandy, 
lbl2 ; camphor, §j and %ij; opium and benjamin, 
aa ; dried squills, oil of aniseed, ; 
honey, Ibiij and xviij.-Gray. It is pectoral. 
Marrubium, Leonurus cardiaca - m. Album, 
Marrubium-m. Apulum, Marrubium-m. Ger- 
manicum, Marrubium - m. Nigrum, Ballota foe- 
tida-m. Vulgare, Marrubium. 
MARS, Ferrum-m. Solubilis, Ferrum tartari- 
zatum. 
MARSEILLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The re- 
marks made upon the climate of Montpelier ap- 
ply even in greater force to that of Marseilles. 
It possesses all the objectionable qualities of the 
climate of southeastern France. 
MARSH, Limne, Helos, Palus, Sax. mejiyc, 
(F.) Marais. Marshy districts give off emana- 
nations, which are the fruitful source of disease 
and the cause of great insalubrity in many coun- 
tries. The chief disease, occasioned by the mala- 
ria or miasm, is intermittent fever. Hence it be- 
comes important to drain such regions, if practi- 
cable. Some marshy countries are not so liable 
to phthisis pulmonalis, and it has been found, 
that where intermittents have been got rid of by 
draining, consumption has, at times, become fre- 
quent. The most unhealthy periods for resi- 
dence in a marshy district are during the exist- 
ence of the summer and autumnal heats; at 
which times the water becomes evaporated, and 
the marshy bottom is more or less exposed to the 
sun's ray„. This postulatum seems necessary for 
the production cf the miasmata: for whilst the 
540 
MASLACH 
marsh is well covered with water, no miasm is 
given off. 
Marsh Poison, Miasm (marsh) - m. Mallow, 
Althaea-m. Root, Statice Caroliniana-m. Tea, 
Ledum palustre. 
MARSHALL'S CERATE, see Cerate, Mar- 
shall's. 
MARSHY, Elodes. 
MARSIPIUM, Marsupion. 
MARSUM, Mar'sium, Mar' sicum. An ancient 
wine of Marsia, in Italy, which was used as an 
astringent in certain diseases of the mouth. 
MARSUPIAL, see Marsupion. 
MARSUPIALIS, Ischio-trochanterianus, Ob- 
turator in tern us. 
MARSUPIATE, see Marsupion. 
MARSU'PION, Marsyp'ion, Marsip'pon, Mar- 
su'pium, Marsip'ium, Sac'culus. A sac or bag, 
with which any part is fomented. Also, the ab- 
dominal pouch in the kangaroo, opossum, <fcc., 
into which the young, born at a very early stage 
of development, are received and nourished with 
milk secreted from glands which open into the 
pouches. Such animals are termed Marsu'pial, 
Marsu'piate, Marsupia'lia. See Generation. 
MARSUPIUM, Scrotum - m. Musculosum, 
Bartos. 
MARSYPION, Marsupion. 
MARTE AV, Malleus. 
MARTIAL, Chalybeate. 
MARTIALIS, Chalybeate. 
MARTIANA POMA, see Citrus aurantium. 
MARTIA'TUM UNGUEN'TUM, (F.) On- 
guent de Soldat, Soldier's ointment. This was 
composed of bay berries, rue, marjoram, mint, sage, 
wormwood, basil, olive oil, yellow war, and Ma- 
laga wine. It was invented by Martian ; and was 
employed by soldiers as a preservative against 
cold. 
MARTIS LIMATURA, Ferri limatura. 
MARUM CORTUSI, Teucrium marum- m 
Creticum, Teucrium marum-m. Syriacum, Teu- 
crium marum - m. Verum, Teucrium marum - 
m. Vulgare, Thymus mastichina. 
MAS, Male, Modiolus. 
MASCARPIO, Masturbator. 
MASCHALE, Axilla. 
MASCHALIJEUS, Axillary. 
MASCHALIATRI'A, from 'the 
axilla,' and larpeia, 'healing.' Treatment of dis- 
ease by applications made to the axilla. 
MASCHALIS, Axilla. 
MASCHALISTER, Axis. 
MASCHALON'CUS, Maschalopa'nus, from 
'the axilla,' and oyxoj, 'a tumour.' A 
tumour or bubo or swelling in the axilla. 
MASCHALOPANUS, Maschaloncus. 
MASCULA. Tribade. 
MASCULUS, Male. 
MASESIS, Mastication. 
MASHUA, (S.) A tuberous root, of a flat, 
pyramidal shape, which is cultivated and cooked 
like the potato by the Serranos of Peru. It is 
watery and insipid, but nevertheless is much 
eaten by them. The Indians use the mashua as 
a medicine in dropsy, dyspepsia, and dysentery. 
The plant is unknown to botanists. - Tschudi. 
MASK, Larva, (F.) Masque. A bandage ap- 
plied over the face, as a sort of mask, in cases 
of burns, scalds, or erysipelas. It serves to pre- 
serve the parts from the contact of air, and to 
retain topical applications in situ. It is made of 
a piece of linen, of the size of the face, in which 
apertures are made corresponding to the eyes, 
nose, and mouth, and which is fixed by means 
of strings stitched to the four angles. 
MASLACH, Moslich, Am'phion, An'fion. A MASQUE 
medicine much used by the Turks, and into the 
composition of which opium enters. It is ex- 
citant. 
MASQUE, Mask. 
MASS, /ia£a, Maza, Massa, from /taaaio, 'I 
mix.' The compound, from which pills have to 
be formed. 
MASSA, Mass - m. Carnea Jacobi Sylvii, see 
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
rans - m. de Dactylis, Paste, date - m. de Ex- 
tracto glycyrrhizae, Pasta glycyrrhizae, <fcc.- in. 
de Gummi Arabico, Paste, marshmallow - m. de 
Zizyphorum fructu, Paste of jujubes. 
MASSAGE, Shampooing. 
MASSE D'EAU, Typha latifolia. 
MASSEMA, Mastication. 
MASSEMENT, Shampooing. 
MASSES AP0PHYSAI11ES, see Vertebrae. 
MASSESIS, Mastication. 
MASSE'TER, from 'I eat,' 'I chew.' 
Mus'culus mandibula'ris, (F.) Zygomato-maxil- 
laire. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
the cheek, and lying upon the ramus of the lower 
jaw-bone. It is long, quadrilateral, and is at- 
tached, above, to the inferior edge and to the 
inner surface of the zygomatic arch; below, it 
terminates at the angle of the jaw, and at the 
outer surface and inferior margin of the ramus 
of that bone. It is composed of an intermixture 
of fleshy and aponeurotic fibres. Its office is to 
raise the lower jaw, and to act in mastication. 
Masseter Internus, Pterygoideus internus. 
MASSETER'IC, Mas'seterine, Masseter'icus, 
Masseter i'nus. Relating or belonging to the mas- 
ARTERY arises from the 
trunk of the internal maxillary or temporalis 
profunda posterior, and is distributed to the mas- 
seter muscle, after having passed, horizontally, 
through the sigmoid notch of the lower jaw-bone. 
Masseterine Nerve is given off from the 
inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair. It 
passes through the sigmoid notch, and is distri- 
buted on the inner surface of'the masseter. In 
luxation of the lower jaw, this nerve is strongly 
stretched, and considerable pain, consequently, 
produced. 
Masseterine Vein has the same distribution 
as the artery. It opens into the internal maxil- 
lary vein. 
MASSETERINUS, Masseteric. 
MASSETTE, Typha latifolia. 
MASSICOT, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
MASSING, Shampooing. 
MASSULA, Molecule. 
MASTADENITIS, Mastitis. 
MASTALGIA, Mastodynia. 
MASTAX, Mystax. 
MASTEMA, Masticatory. 
MASTER OF THE WOODS, Galium circse- 
zans. 
MASTERWORT, Angelica atropurpurea, He- 
racleum lanatum, Imperatoria. 
MASTESIS, Mastication. 
MASTHELCOSIS, Mastodynia apostematosa. 
MASTHOS, Mamma. 
MASTICA'TION, Mastica'tio, Mase'sis, Mas- 
se'sis, Masse'ma, Maste'sis, Manduca'tio, Oom- 
manduca'tio, Manduca'tion, from '1 
chew.' The action of chewing or bruising food, 
to prepare it for the digestion it has to undergo 
in the stomach. This is executed by the joint 
action of the tongue, cheeks, and lips, which push 
the alimentary substance between the teeth; and 
by the motions of the lower jaw it is cut, torn, or 
bruised. 
MAS'TICATORY, Masticato'rium, Maste'ma, 
Diamaste'ma. Same etymon. Chewing. Re- 
541 
MASTOIDEUS 
lating or appertaining to mastication or co ewing. 
Also, a substance, chewed with the intention of 
exciting the secretion of saliva. 
Masticatory Nerve, see Trigemini. 
MASTICH, see Pistacia lentiscus - m. Herb, 
common, Thymus mastichina-in. Herb, Syrian, 
Teucrium marum - m. Tree, Pistacia lentiscus. 
MASTICHINA GALLORUM, Thymus mas- 
ti china. 
MASTIGODES HOMINIS, Trichocephalus. 
MASTIGO'SIS, Flagella'tio. Flagellation, 
scourging; employed by the ancients as a remedy 
in many diseases. 
MASTI'TIS, Mastoi'tis, Mazoi'tis, Inflamma'- 
tio Mamma, Mastadeni'tis, (F.) Inflammation dee 
Mamelles, from /iuotoj, 'the breast,' and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the breast- 
inflammation of the mammary gland of the preg- 
nant or parturient female is vulgarly called a 
weed, and a weed in the breast. 
Mastitis Apostematosa, Mastodynia aposto- 
ma tosa. 
Mastitis Puerpera'lis. Inflammation of the 
mamma in the childbed woman. 
MASTIX, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
MASTODES, Mastoid. 
MASTODYN'IA, Mastal'gia, Mazodyn'ia, 
from yaaros, 'the breast,' and obvvr), 'pain.' Pain 
in the breasts; a form of neuralgia. See Neu- 
ralgia mammae. 
Mastodyn'ia Apostemato'sa, Phleg' mone 
Mamma, Masthelco'sis, Masti'tis apostemato'sa, 
Galactaposte' ma, Galactomastoparecto'ma, Ab- 
sces'sus Mamma, A. lac'teus, Phleg'mone Masto- 
dyn'ia, Abscess of the Breast, Mam'mary Abscess, 
Milk-abscess. Phlegmonous inflammation of the 
breasts, running on to suppuration, generally in 
the childbed female. It is one of the best ex- 
amples of acute phlegmonous inflammation, and 
requires the active use of appropriate treatment. 
Mastodynia Polygala, Sparganosis-m. Po- 
lygala, Mastospargosis. 
MASTOID, Masto'i'des, Masto'des, Masto'ideus, 
Mammilla'ris, Papil'li-nxiAmammilli-formis,Mam- 
miform'is, Mam'miform, from yaaros, 'a breast,* 
and ciiot, 'form, resemblance.' Having the form 
of a nipple. Also, that which relates to the mas- 
toid process, Mastoi'deus. 
Mastoid Aperture :-the opening of commu- 
nication between the cavity of the tympanum 
and the mastoid cells. 
Mastoid Cells, Antrum masto'i'deum, Mas- 
toid Sinuses. These are situate in the mastoid 
process; communicate with each other, and open 
into the cavity of the tympanum. Their use 
seems to be to increase the intensity of sound. 
Mastoid Foramen is situate behind the mas- 
toid process, and gives passage to a small artery 
of the dura mater, as well as to a vein which 
opens into the lateral sinus. 
Mastoid Fossa, (F.) Gouttitre masto'idienne, 
is a depression at the inner surface of the mastoid 
portion of the temporal bone, which forms part 
of the lateral sinus. 
Mastoid or Digastric Groove, (F.) Bainure 
masto'idienne ou digastrique, is a groove, situate 
at the inner side of the mastoid process, which 
affords attachment to the posterior belly of the 
digastric muscle. 
Mastoid Muscle, Posterior, Splenius. 
Mastoid or Mam'miform or Mam'millary 
Process, Pars mastdidea, is situate at the infe- 
rior and posterior part of the temporal bone, and 
gives attachment to the digastric and mastoid 
muscles. 
MASTOIDEUS, Sterno-clcido-mastoideus-m 
Lateralis, Complexus minor. MAS TO IDO-CONCHINIEN 
MASTOIDO-CONCHINIEN, Retrahens au- 
ris--m. Ginien, Digastricus- m. Hyogbiien, Di- 
ga^tricus- m. Oriculaire, Retrahens auris. 
MASTON'CUS, Thelon'cus, from paaros, 'the 
breast,' and oyKo$, ' a tumour.' A tumefaction 
of the nipple, or of the breast itself. 
Mastoncus Polygalacticus, Mastospargosis. 
MASTOPATIII'A, from pao-ro?, 'the breast,' 
and ratios, ' disease.' An affection of the breast. 
MASTORRHAG''IA, from paaras, 'the breast,' 
and pr/yw/a, ' to flow.' An unusual flow of milk. 
MASTOS, Mamma. 
MASTOSPARGO'SIS, Mastodyn'ia polyg' ala, 
Nation'cut polygalac' ticus, from paoroj, 'the 
breast,' and airapyau, 'I am full to bursting.' Ful- 
ness of the breasts with milk, so that they are 
ready to burst. 
MASTRUPATIO, Masturbation. 
MASTURBA'TION, Cinoe'dia, Gar'gale, Gar'- 
galus, Gargalis'mus, Mastupra'tio, Manustupra'- 
tio, Manstupra'tio, from mantis, ' the hand,' and 
etupro, 'I ravish;' Ona'nia, On'anism, jEdveo- 
gargaris'mus, gains, Anaplas'mus, Gau'- 
dia fceda, Duct'io prop.pu'tii, Voluntary Pollu'- 
tion, Self Pollution, Self-abuse, (F.) Abus de soi- 
merne, Attouchement. Excitement of the genital 
organs by the hand. 
MASTURBA' TOR, Mastupra'tor, Manustu- 
pra'tor, Mascar'pio: same etymon. One given 
to masturbation. 
MASTUS, Mamma. 
MAT, (F.) Dull. 
MAT SON, (F.) A dull sound. The obscure 
noise, afforded in certain diseases when any part, 
as the chest, is percussed. It has been compared 
to that produced when the thigh is struck. It is 
opposed to the Son clair, or ' clear sound.' 
MATE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
MATER. Uterus - m. Dura, Dura mater-m. 
Herbarum, Artemisia vulgaris - m. Metallorum, 
Hydrargyrum-m. Mollis, Pia mater-m. Perla- 
rum, see Pearl - m. Pia, Pia mater-m. Secalis, 
Ergot - m. Tenuis, Pia mater. 
MATERIA, Matter - m. Fibrosa, Fibrin. 
Mate'kia Med'ica, Pharmacolog"ia, Pharma- 
col' ogy, Acol'ogy or Akol'ogy or Aceolog"ia, Hyle 
latrice, Iamatolog"ia, lamatol'ogy, (F.) Matiere 
Medicale. The division of medical science which 
treats of the knowledge of medicines; their action 
on the animal economy, and mode of administra- 
tion. The study of the Materia Medica is one of 
great importance;-it is a study of the tools with 
which the practitioner has to work in the cure 
of disease. Much labour has been spent in con- 
triving classifications of the Materia Medica. 
Some have arranged the articles according to 
their natural resemblances; others, according to 
their real or presumed virtues: others, according 
to their active constituent principles. The Phar- 
macopoeias place them alphabetically. Perhaps 
the best classification would be one founded on 
the agency exerted by the articles on the different 
tissues; but this arrangement, in the present state 
of science, is by no means easy; and, moreover, 
ideas in regard to the action of medicines are 
so associated with certain terms, - as narcotics, 
tonics, sedatives, <tc., employed to denote certain 
operations, which they are esteemed capable of 
producing, that, to abandon them, would be to 
throw obstacles in the way of the student, with- 
out the ultimate advantage accruing to him of 
possessing a better knowledge of the modus ope- 
randi of medicines than when a classification, 
somewhat resembling those usually embraced, is 
adopted. 
The following is the classification adopted by 
542 
MATLOCK 
-- 
the Author, in his " General Therapeutics and 
Materia Medica," 4th edit., Philad., 1850:- 
1. Agents that affect pro- | 
minently the alimentary ca- < 
nal or its contents, I 
Emetics, 
Cathartics, 
Anthelmintics. 
2. Agents that affect pro- 
minently the respiratory or- 
gans, 
Expectorants. 
3. Agents that affect pro- 
minently the follicular or ■ 
glandular organs, 
Errhines, 
Sialogogues, 
Diuretics, 
Antilithics, 
Diaphoretics. 
4. Agents that affect pro- 
minently the nervous sys- - 
tem, 
Narcotics, 
Tetanies, 
Antispasmodics. 
5. Agents that affect pro- 
minently the organs of re-- 
production, 
Emmenagogues, 
Parturifacients. 
Excitants, 
Tonics, 
Astringents, 
Sedatives, 
Refrigerants, 
Revellents, 
Eutrophics. 
6. Agents that affect va- 
rious organs, 
7. Agents whose action is 
prominently chemical, 
Antacids, 
Antalkalies, 
Disinfectants. 
8. Agents whose action is 
prominently mechanical, 
Demulcents, 
Diluents. 
Of old, the Materia Medica consisted of more 
articles than at present. The tendency, indeed, 
is, and must be, to diminish it still further; to 
get rid of those articles which possess no advan- 
tages over others equally common, or whose pro- 
perties are doubtful. In a dictionary, it becomes 
necessary to insert all that have been reputed to 
possess virtues; but the majority are unneces- 
sary. The catalogue might be largely reduced, 
with impunity. 
Materia Medica, Dynamical, Pharmacody- 
namics. 
Materia Morbo'sa, Jf. Peccans, Mate'riee 
Morbi. Morbid matter. The matter or material 
which is the cause of disease. 
Materia Ossea, Terra Ossea - m. Peccans, 
M. Morbosa - m. Salina, see Saliva - m. Testa- 
cea dentium, see Tooth - m. Urinosa, Urea. 
MATERIALISTA, Druggist. 
MATE HI AUX IMMEDIATE, Principles, im- 
mediate. 
MATERIES, Matter-m. Morbi, Materia mor- 
bosa. 
MATHEW'S PILLS, Pilulae ex helleboro et 
myrrh a. 
MA'TIAS. The bark of a South American 
tree, not yet determined. It is used in its native 
country in intermittents, and as a tonic generally. 
Its principal characteristic constituent is a bitter 
resinous matter. It is probably the same as the 
Malambo bark. 
MATI'CO, (pronounced matee'co,) Yerba del 
Soldado, or Soldier's weed. A South American 
herb - Piper angustifolium, Artan'the elonga'ta 
-which is possessed of astringent virtues, and is 
used both internally and externally. It is given 
in infusion made of one ounce of the leaves to a 
pint of boiling water, of which the dose is 
or in tincture, made of of the leaves to a 
pint of dilute alcohol. 
MATIERE, Matter - m. Ctrebriforme, Ence- 
phaloid - m. Extractive du Bouillon, Osmazomo 
- m. Mtdicale, Materia Medica - m. Perlee de 
Kerkring, Antimonium diaphoreticum - m. Pul- 
monaire noire, see Pulmo. 
MATLOCK, MINERAL WATERS OF. Mat- 
lock is a village in Derbyshire, England, at which MATONIA 
there is a mineral spring of the acidulous class. 
Temperature 66°. It differs but little, except in 
temperature, from good spring-water. It is ge- 
nerally used as a tepid bath. 
MATONIA CARDAMOMUM, Amomum car- 
damomum. 
MATORIUM, Ammoniac, gum. 
MATRACIUM, Matrass, Urinal. 
MATRASS, Matra'cium. A glass vessel with 
a long neck; and a round, and sometimes oval, 
body. It may be furnished with tubulures, or 
not. It is used in Pharmacy for distillation, di- 
gestion, Ac. 
MATR.ES CEREBRI, Meninges. 
JM TRICAIR E, Matricaria. 
MATRICA'LIS, Matrica'rius, from matrix, 
' the uterus.' Relating to the uterus. 
Matricalia are remedies for diseases of the 
uterus. 
MATRICA'RIA, from matrix, 'the womb;' so 
called from its reputed virtues in affections of 
that organ. Matrica'ria Parthe'nium, Parthe'- 
nium fehrif'ugum,Py'rethrum parthe'nium, Chry- 
tanth'emum parthe'nium, Argyrochat'ta, Chrysoc'- 
alis, Fever-few, Feather-few, Mother-wort, (F.) 
Matricaire. Nat. Ord. Composite. It resembles, 
in its properties, chamomile and tansy; and, like 
them, has been esteemed tonic, stomachic, resol- 
vent, emmenagogue, vermifuge, <fcc. It is not 
much used. 
Matricaria, Anthemis nobilis. 
Matrica'ria Chamomil'la, M. Suav'eolens, 
An'themis vulga'ris, Chamame'lumVulga're, Cha- 
momil'la nostras, Leucan'themum of Dioscorides, 
Wild Corn, Dog's Cham'omile, German Chamo- 
mile, (F.) Camomille vulgaire. It resembles 
Matricaria in properties. 
Matrica'ria Glabra'ta. A South African 
plant, known at the Cape as Wild Chamomile, 
has the same properties as the other species of 
matricaria. 
Matricaria Leucanthemum, Chrysanthemum 
Leucanthemum-m. Suaveolens, M. Chamomilla. 
MATRICE, Uterus - m. Col de la, Collum 
uteri. 
MATRIC'ULATE, from matricula, diminutive 
of matrix, ' a roll,' originally ' an army roll or 
register.' One who is admitted into a university 
or college, by enrolling or having his name en- 
rolled on the register of the institution. In 
France, prendre inscription means 'to matricu- 
late ;' and, in the university regulations of that 
country, it is required, that the inscription shall 
be made every three months, until the termina- 
tion of the prescribed period of study; the stu- 
dent having to take his inscription within the 
first fortnight of each trimestre or of every three 
months, and to present himself within the last 
fortnight of the trimestre to establish the fact of 
his attendance. 
In this country, it is only necessary to matri- 
culate at the commencement of each session. 
One who has thus enrolled himself in an insti- 
tution is called a Matriculate. 
MATRISYLVA, Asperula odorata. 
MATRIX, Cytoblastema, Uterus - m. Unguis, 
see Nail. 
MATRONA, Midwife. 
MATRONALIS, Viola. 
MATTEE, see Ilex Paraguensis. 
MATTER, Mate'ria, Hyle, Mate'ries, (F.) Ma- 
ture. Any substance which enters into the com- 
position of a body. In Medicine, it is sometimes 
applied to the substance of evacuations; and is 
also used synonymously with pus. 
MATTING OF PARTS, Ilapantismus. 
MATULA, Urinal. 
MATURA'TION, Matura'tio, from maturare, 
543 
MAXILLARY 
' to ripen.' Pepas'mos, Pepan'sis. Progression 
of an abscess towards maturity. The state of 
maturity. Coction. 
MATURATIF, Maturative. 
MAT'URATIVE, Matu' rang, Pepanticos, (F.) 
Maturatif. A medicine which favours the matu- 
ration of an inflammatory tumour. 
MATURATUS, Concocted. 
M A T U' RIT Y, Matu'ritas, Horee'otes. The 
state of fruits and seeds, when comparatively de- 
veloped. State of an abscess, in which the pus 
is completely formed. 
Maturity, Precocious, Praeotia. 
MzVUDLIN, Achillea ageratuni - m. Tansey, 
Aehillea ageratum - m. Wort, Chrysanthemum 
leueanthemum. 
J/AJ7KE SAUVAGE, Malva. 
MAUX DE NERFS, Hysteria. 
MAXILLA, Maxillary Bone. 
MAX'ILLARY, Maxilla'r is, (F.) Maxillaire, 
from maxilla, ' a jaw.' Relating or belonging to 
the jaws; from fioomw, ' I chew.' 
Maxillary Arteries are three in number. 
1. External maxillary. See Facial. 2. Internal 
maxillary - A. Gutturo-maxillaire, (Ch.) This 
arises from the external carotid with the tempo- 
ral. It is remarkable for its complex course, 
and for the number of branches which it trans- 
mits to the deep-seated parts of the face. Imme- 
diately after its origin, it buries itself under the 
neck of the lower jaw, curving inwards and down- 
wards. It then advances directly inwards; pro- 
ceeding in the space between the two pterygoid 
muscles towards the maxillary tuberosity. It 
turns again, becomes vertical, and ascends into 
the bottom of the zygomatic fossa, until, having 
arrived at the floor of the orbit, it takes a hori- 
zontal and transverse direction; enters the sphe- 
no-maxillary fossa, and divides into several 
branches. See Artery, (table.) 
Maxillary Bone, Maxil'la, Mandib'ula, Gam'- 
phele, Gnathus, Mola, Siagon, 'jaw.' (F.) Ma- 
choire. A name given to two bones, which sup- 
port the teeth, and, by means of them, are inser- 
vient to the cutting, bruising, and tearing of 
alimentary substances. 
The maxillary bones are two in number. 
Maxillary Bone, Inferior, Lower jaw-lone, 
Os Maxilla're inferius, Machoire diacranienne, 
Maxil'la inferior, (F.) Os maxillaire, (Ch.,) is a 
symmetrical, nearly parabolic bone, the middle 
portion of which is horizontal, and called the 
body; and the posterior is vertical, the angular 
portions being termed Rami or branches. These 
have behind a parotidean edge, which forms - 
by uniting with the base - the angle of the jaw. 
The branches terminate above by two processes, 
separated by the sigmoid notch or fossa; the an- 
terior of which is called the coronoid; the poste- 
rior, the condyloid process or maxillary condyle, 
supported by a Cervix, Collum, or Neck. The 
chief parts observed on the lower jaw are - 1. 
Externally, - the Sym'physis menti, Apoph'ysis 
menti, Mental foramen, and the external oblique 
line. 2. Internally,- the Geniapoph'ysis, the 
internal or Myloid oblique lines, and the entrance 
of the dental canal. The lower jaw has, also, an 
alveolar edge, which contains alveoli for the re- 
ception of the teeth. The lower jaw-bone is de- 
veloped by two points of ossification, which unite 
at the symphysis of the chin. It is articulated 
with the temporal bone and with the teeth. 
Maxillary Bone, Superior, Upper jaw-bone, 
Maxil'la superior, Os maxilla're supe'rius, Max- 
il'la syncra'nia, (F.) Os sus-maxillaire, (Ch.,) 
Machoire syncranienne. The upper jaw-bores 
are to the face what the sphenoid bone is to the 
cranium. They are articulated with all the par- MAXILLO 
tlons composing it. They determine, almost 
alone, the shape of the face, and give it solidity. 
Their size is considerable ; form unequal. They 
occupy the middle and anterior part of the face; 
and enter into the composition of the nasal fossae, 
orbit, and mouth. The chief parts observable in 
the upper jaw are - 1. Externally, - the Nasal 
process, (F.) Apophy se montante, the Fora'men 
infra-orbita'riuin, Zygomat' ic process, Canine fos- 
sa, Myr'tiform fossa. 2. Internally, - the Pol'- 
atine process, Ante'rior pal'atine canal, and the 
Antrum of Highmore. Its circumference is very 
unequal, and«it has behind a round, unequal pro- 
minence, called the Maxillary tuberosity, which 
is pierced by the posterior dental canal. Ante- 
riorly, there is a notch, which forms part of the 
anterior aperture of the nasal fossae, and beneath, 
an eminence, called the anterior nasal spine. The 
lower part of this circumference forms the alve- 
olar margin. Each superior maxillary bone is 
articulated with the ethmoid, frontal, nasal, la- 
chrymal, palatine, inferior, spongy, vomer, its 
fellow, the teeth of the upper jaw, and sometimes 
the sphenoid bone. It is developed by four or five 
points of ossification. 
Maxillary Nerves are two in number, and 
formed of the second and third branches of the 
fifth pair. The Superior Maxillary Nerve, 
Nerf sus-maxillaire (Ch.), arises from the middle 
of the gangliform enlargement of the fifth pair; 
passes forwards, and issues from the cranium 
through the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid 
bone; enters the spheno-maxillary fossa, which 
it crosses horizontally; passes into the infra- 
orbitar canal, which it traverses ; and makes its 
exit to vanish on the cheek. It gives off the fol- 
lowing branches, - the orbitar, a branch which 
goes to the spheno-palatine ganglion; posterior 
dental branches; the anterior dental, - and ter- 
minates in the infra-orbitar nerves, which are 
divided into superior, inferior, and internal. The 
inferior maxillary nerve, Nerf maxillaire (Ch.), is 
the largest of the three branches furnished by the 
fifth pair. It issues from the cranium by the 
foramen ovale of the sphenoid. Having reached 
the zygomatic fossa, it divides into two trunks ; 
the one superior and external, which gives off 
the temporales profundi, masseterine, buccal, and 
pterygoids ;-the other-inferior and internal- 
the larger of the two, which furnishes the tn/erior 
dental, lingual, and auricular. 
Maxillary Veins present the same arrange- 
ment as the' arteries they accompany. 
MAXILLO- AL VEOLI-NASAL, Depressor 
alae nasi-m. Labial, Depressor anguli oris - m. 
Narinal, Compressor naris-m. Palpebral, Orbi- 
cularis palpebrarum - m. Seleroticien, Obliquus 
inferior oculi. 
MAY APPLE, Podophyllum peltatum - m. a. 
Mountain, Podophyllum montanum - m. Flower, 
Anthemis cotula - m. Weed, Anthemis cotula. 
MAYELLA, Curcuma longa. 
MAYNARD'S ADHESIVE LIQUID, Collo- 
dion. 
MAYS, Zea mays - m. Americana, Zea mays 
- m. Zea, Zea mays. 
MAZA, Mass, Placenta. 
MA'ZICUS, from maza, 'placenta.' Relating 
to the placenta. 
MAZISCH'ESIS, from maza, 'the placenta,' 
and <rx£<r<s, 'holding,' 'retention.' Retention of 
the placenta. 
MAZODYNIA, Mastodynia. 
MAZOITIS, Mastitis. 
MAZOL'YSIS, from maza, 'placenta,' and 
iv«ris, ' solution.' Separation of the placenta. 
544 
MECONIUM 
MAZOPATIII'A, from maza, 'placenta,' and 
irados, 'disease.' A disease of the placenta. One 
originating from the placenta. 
MAZOS, Mamma. 
MEAD, Hydromeli, Melizomum. 
MEADOW BLOOM, Ranunculus acris - m. 
Fern, Comptonia asplenifolia-m. Pride, see Ca- 
lumba-m. Rue, Thalictron-m. Saffron, Vinegar 
of, Acetum colehici-m. Sweet, Gillenia trifoliata, 
Spiraea ulmaria - m. Sweet, red, Spira;a tomen- 
tosa. 
MEALY TREE, Viburnum dentatum. 
MEASLES, Rubeola-m. Black, see Rubeola 
-m. False, Roseolas-m. French, Roseolae. 
MEASLY, Morbillous. 
MEASUREMENT, Mensuration. 
MEASURING, MEDICAL, Mensuration. 
MEAT BISCUIT, see Biscuit, meat. 
MEAT, EXTRACTIVE OF, Osmazome. 
MEAT, Meatus. 
MEA'TUS, Ductus, Cana'lis, Porus, (F.) Mtat. 
A passage or canal. 
Meatus Auditories Externus, Auditory ca- 
nal, external-m. Auditorius internus, Auditory 
canal, internal-m. Caecus, Eustachian tube-m. 
Narium, see Nasal fossae - m. Seminales uteri, 
Tubae Fallopianae-m. Seminarius, Corpus High- 
mori-m. Urinarius, Urethra. 
MECHAMECK, Convolvulus panduratus-m. 
Bindweed, Convolvulus panduratus. 
MECHANE, Machine. 
MECHANEMA, Machine. 
MECHAN'ICAL, Media n'icus, from 
' a machine.' An epithet given to irritating bo- 
dies, which do not act chymically-as a mechani- 
cal irritant. 
Mechanical or Iatro-mathematical Physi- 
cians, llitro-mechan'ici seu latromathemat'ici, are 
such as refer every function, healthy or morbid, 
to mechanical or mathematical principles ;-Me- 
dici'na mechan'ica. 
MECIIAN'ICS, AN'IMAL. That part of phy- 
siology whose objects are to investigate the laws 
of equilibrium and motion of the animal body. 
MECH'ANISM. The structure of a body; 
the collection or aggregate of the parts of a ma- 
chine ; the mode in which forces produce any 
effect. Ac. 
MECHE, Tent. This term is usually applied 
in French surgery to a collection of threads of 
charpie, cotton or raw silk united together, which 
are used for deterging sinuous or fistulous ulcers; 
or to keep open or enlarge natural or artificial 
apertures. They are generally applied by means 
of an instrument called Porte-meche. 
MECIIOACANA NIGRA, Convolvulus jalapa 
-m. Nigricans, Convolvulus jalapa. 
MECHOACANjE RADIX, Convolvulus me- 
choacan. 
MECHOACAN DU CANADA, Phytolacca 
decandra. 
MECOM'ETER, (F.) Mecom^tre; from pr/Kof, 
'length,' and /icrpov, 'measure.' A kind of gra- 
duated compass,-compas de proportion,-used at 
the Hospice de Maternity of Paris, to measure 
the length of new-born infants. 
MECON, Meconium, Opium, Papaver. 
MECONICUM, Opiate. 
MECONIS'MUS, Intoxica'tio opia'ca; from 
unKM, ' the poppy.' Poisoning by opium. 
MECO'NIUM, same etymon. Poppy juice, 
Papaver'culum, Purgamen'ta Tnfantis, Mecon, 
The excrement passed by the infant a short 
time after birth, which had accumulated in the 
intestines during pregnancy. It is of a greenish 
or deep black colour, and very viscid. It seems MECONOLOGIA 
formed of the mucous secretions of the intestines 
mixed with bile. See Opium. 
MECONOLOG"IA, Opiolog"ia; from /ojkwi', 
' a poppy,' and Xoyof, ' a description.' A treatise 
on opium. 
MECONOPSIS DIPHYLLA, Stylophorum di- 
phyllum. 
MEDEA, Genital organs. 
MEDECIN, Physician - m. Consultant, Con- 
sulting physician. 
ME DE CINE, Medicina - m. Expectants, Ex- 
pectation-m. Legale, Medicine, legal - »<• Ope- 
ratoire, Surgery, operative - m. Perturbatrice, 
Perturbatrix (Medicina.) 
MEDELA, Curation. 
MEDEOLA VERTICILLIFOLIA, M. Virgi- 
nica. 
Mede'ola Virgin'ica, M. verticillifo'lia, Gy- 
ro'mia Virgin'ica, Indian cu'cumber. An indi- 
genous herb, growing in every part of the United 
States, the root of which resembles a small cu- 
cumber. It has been thought to be diuretic. 
MEDIAN, Media'nus; from medium,, 'the mid- 
dle.' That which is situate in the middle. 
Median Line. A vertical line, supposed to 
divide a body longitudinally into two equal parts; 
the one right, the other left. Chaussier calls the 
linea alba the ligne mediane of the abdomen. 
Median Nerve, Median digital, (Ch.) This 
nerve arises chiefly from the anterior branches of 
the last two cervical nerves and first dorsal. The 
fifth and sixth cervical pairs alst> send it a branch, 
which separates from the musculo-cutaneous 
nerve. The median nerve descends the inner 
part of the arm along the biceps muscle. Op- 
posite the elbow joint it buries itself behind 
the aponeurosis of that muscle, and engages it- 
self between the two fasciculi of the pronator 
teres. Lower down, it is situate between the 
flexors - sublimis and profundus-and passes, 
with their tendons, under the anterior annular 
ligament; it then divides into five branches, 
which are distributed to the muscles of the the- 
nar eminence, to the lumbricales, the integuments 
of the thumb, the index, middle finger, and outer 
part of the ring finger. This nerve gives no 
branches to the arm. In the forearm, it furnishes 
filaments to all the pronator and flexor muscles; 
and one of them accompanies the anterior inter- 
osseous artery. It also gives off a filament to the 
integuments of the palm of the hand. 
Median Veins. Three of the superficial veins 
of the forearm are so called. The median basilic 
-the median cephalic and common median or fu- 
nis brachii. See Basilic and Cephalic. 
MEDIANUM, Mediastinum, Mesentery. 
MEDIAS'TINAL, Mediastina'lis. Relating to 
the Mediastinum. 
Mediastinal Arteries are very delicate arte- 
rial branches, distributed in the areolar texture 
of the mediastinum. They are distinguished, 
according to their situation, into anterior and 
posterior. 
MEDIASTINITIS, Mesodmitis. 
MEDIASTI'NUM, Mediasti'nus, quasi, in me- 
dio stans, as being in the middle; Mesod'me, Me- 
dia'num, Mesotoe' chi um, Mesotoe'chum, Septum 
thora'cis, Hymen Diaphrat'ton, Membra'na Dia- 
phratton, Membra'na thora'cem intersep'iens, In- 
tersepimen'tum thora'cis, Diribito'rium, Dissipi- 
men'tum thora'cis. A membranous septum formed 
by the approximation of the pleurre, dividing the 
chest into tuo parts, the one right, the other left. 
The mediastinum, formed by a double reflection 
of the pleura, extends from the spine to the pos- 
terior surface of the sternum. Its anterior part, 
Called Anterior mediastinum, Mediastinum pecto- 
545 
MEDICINA 
ra'le, lodges, at its upper part, the thymus gland 
in the foetus, and is filled below with fatty, areo- 
lar tissue. Its posterior part, parallel to the 
spine, is occupied by the oesophagus, vena azy- 
gos, thoracic duct, the lower part of the windpipe, 
the origin of the bronchia and a number of lym- 
phatic glands. This part is called the posterior 
mediastinum-Mediastinum dorsa'le. 
Mediastinum Auris, see Tympanum-m. Ce- 
rebri, Falx cerebri, Septum lucidum-m. Testis, 
Corpus Highmori. 
MEDIASTINUS, Mediastinum. 
MEDICABILIS, Curable. 
MEDICABLE, Curable. 
MED'ICAS. Sworn midwives, whose duty it 
was, of old, to inspect women in cases of suspect- 
ed pregnancy. 
MED'ICAL, Medica'lis, lat'ricus, Ptron'ius, 
Pceon'ictts, Phys'ical, Escula'pian, (F.) Medical. 
Same etymon as Medicament. Appertaining or 
relating to medicine or to medicines. 
Medical Jurisprudence, Medicine, legal. 
MEDICALIS, Medical. 
MED'ICAMENT, Medicamen'turn, Remed'ium, 
Ace'sis, Aces'ma, Aces'tium, Aces'tys, Althos, Hy- 
gias'ma, la'ma, Acos, Medica'men, Phar'macum, 
Pharmaceu'ma, Alkar, Auxil'ium, Boethe'ma, 
Med'icine, Physic, Rem'edy, (F.) Remede ; from 
medicare, ' to cure or heal.' A medicine. Any 
substance exhibited with the view of curing or 
allaying morbid action. Medicines are obtained 
from the three kingdoms of nature, and are di- 
vided into internal and external, according as 
they are administered internally or applied ex- 
ternally. 
MEDICAMENTAL, Medicinal. 
MEDICAMENTO'SUS LAPIS, Medic"inal 
stone, (F.) Pierre medicamenteuse. A name for- 
merly given to a mixture of peroxyd of iron, li- 
tharge, alum, nitre, sal ammoniac, and vinegar ; 
evaporated and calcined at a red heat for an 
hour. The product was regarded as eminently 
astringent. 
MEDIC AMENTUM, Drug -m. ex Palmulis, 
Diaphoenicon. 
MEDICAS'TER, Medicastra. An ignorant 
practitioner. A charlatan. 
MEDICA'TION, Medica'tio, from mederi, 'to 
remedy.' The change in the animal economy 
produced by the operation of remedies. Treat- 
ment by medicine. 
MEDICI'NA, Ars med'ica, Res medica, Ars 
Machao'nia, A. Macha on'ica, lat'rice, late'ria. 
Ilitri'a, latri'ne, Peeos'yne, Paon'ice, latrotech'- 
nice, Acesto'ria, Scien'tia med'ica seu medendi, 
Sote'ria doctri'na, Med'icine, The healing art, 
Physic, (F.) Midecine. A science, the object of 
which is the cure of disease and the preservation 
of health. Occasionally, it is used to comprehend 
all the branches of the healing art; at others to 
comprise one great division, in contradistinction 
to surgery and obstetrics. Medicine, in this sense, 
includes many branches the chief of which are, 
Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Therapeutics, 
Hygiene, Materia Medica, and Pharmacy. 
Medicina Conservativa, Hygiene-m. Dieet- 
etioa, Dietetics - m. Eclectica, see Eclectic - m. 
Effieax, Surgery - in. Equaria, Hippiatria - m. 
Euectica, Gymnastus - m. Forensis, Medicine, 
legal-m. Gymnastiea, Gymnastics-m. Herme- 
tica, see Spagyrists - m. Judieiaria, Medicine, 
legal-m. Mechanics, see Mechanical-m. Metho- 
diea, see Methodists-m. Operativa, Surgery-m. 
Paracelsistica, see Spagyrists-m. Perturbatrix, 
see Perturbatrix-in. Politica, Police, medical- 
m. Sinica, Chinese mediciue-m. Spagyrica, Chy- 
miatria; see Spagyrists-in. State, Police medi MEDICINABLE 
cal-m. Tristitiae, Crocus-m. Veterinaria, Vete- 
rinary art. 
MEDICINABLE, Medicinal. 
MEDIC"INAL, Medicina'lis, Medicament'al, 
Medic" inable, Med'ical, later'i us, Heme'dial, He- 
me'diate. Having a remedial power;-as medi- 
cinal plants, <tc. Relating to medicine, as 
Medicina'les Dies, Medic"inal days. Days 
on which the ancients considered that remedies 
might be administered ; and especially evacuants. 
Such days were not esteemed critical. 
MEDICINE, Medicament, Medicina. 
Medicine is, also, used in the same sense as 
Medicament, aud for a purging potion. 
To Medicine was formerly used for " to restore 
or cure by medicine." 
Medicine, Clinical, see Clinical - m. Eclec- 
tic, see Eclectic - m. Empirical, Arcanum - m. 
Galenic, Galenism. 
Medicine, Legal, Medical jurispru' dence of 
some, Lazo med'icine, Foren'sic medicine, Medi- 
ci'na foren'sis, M. judicia'ria, Diciatri'a, (F.) 
Mtdecine legale. The application of medical 
knowledge to the solution of every question con- 
nected with the preservation of the species, and 
the administration of justice. 
Medicine, Patent, see Patent medicine - m. 
Political, Police, medical-m. Quack, Arcanum. 
MEDICINIER CATHARTIQUE, Jatropha 
curcas. 
MEDICO-CHIRURG''ICAL,J/ed'wo-CAirwr'- 
gicus. Relating or appertaining to medicine and 
surgery;-as ' medico-chirurgical society.' 
Medico-Chirurgical Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
MEDICO-LEGAL, Med'ico-lega'lis. Relating 
to legal medicine; as ' a medico-legal inquiry, 
Inquisit"io medico-lega'lis - 'a medico-lcgal in- 
spection,' Inspec'tio med'ico-lega'lis. 
MEDICO-STATISTICAL, see Statistics, me- 
dical. 
MEDICUS, Doctor, Physician-m. Equarius, 
Hippiater-m. Ocularius, Oculist-m. Unguenta- 
rius, latraleptes-m. Vulnerarius, see Deligation 
- m. Veterinarius, Hippiater - m. Vulnerum, 
Surgeon. 
MEDIM'NUS, Medim'nos, yefiiJivos. An ancient 
measure, capable of containing about 4 pecks and 
6 pints. 
MEDITULLIUM, Diploe. 
MEDIUM MUSCULI, see Muscle. 
ME'DIUS, Middle, Median. 
Middle Finger, (F.) Doigt du Milieu, is be- 
tween the index and ring finger. 
MEDLAR, Mespilus. 
MEDO, Hydromeli. 
MEDOBLENNORRIICEA, Leucorrhcea. 
MEDORRHGSA, Gonorrhoea-m. Feminarum 
insons, Leucorrhcea - m. Virilis, Gonorrhoea. 
MEDULLA, Marrow - m. Cerebri, see Cere- 
brum- m. Dorsalis, m. Spinalis - m. Dorsualis, 
M. Spinalis - m. Nervorum, Neurine. 
Medul'la Oblonga'ta, Cer'ebral protu'be- 
rance, Nervous system of the senses, (Gall,) Cer'- 
cbruin elonga'turn, (F.) Mesocephale, MoSlle al- 
longee, Mesenciphale, (Ch.) The medullary sub- 
stance that lies within the cranium upon the 
basilary process of the occipital bone. The an- 
terior surface which rests in the basilary groove, 
is impressed by the basilary artery. At the 
upper extremity, and on its posterior surface are 
the Tubercula quadrigentina. At the same ex- 
tremity, the medulla gives rise to two prolonga- 
tions, the peduncles of the brain, separated from 
each other by the mammillary eminences, and 
becoming lost in the optic thalami. The lower 
extremity is called the tail or Rachid'ian bulb, 
Hulbus rachid'icus, and is continuous with the 
546 
* MEDULLARY 
medulla spinalis. It is to this part only that 
some anatomists apply the name Medulla ob- 
longata. From the posterior angles two other 
prolongations arise, called Peduncles of the cere- 
bellum. The medulla oblongata has several emi- 
nences- the Pons varolii, Corpora pyramidolia, 
C.olivaria, &c.-and it has a longitudinal fissure 
before, and another behind, called the anterior 
and posterior medium fissures. The vesicular 
neurine in the centre of the medulla is the ner- 
vous centre of respiration and deglutition : hence 
it has been called centrum vitale. 
Medulla Ossium, Marrow - m. Spinae, M. 
spinalis. 
Medul'la Spina'lis seu Spina seu dorsua'lis 
seu dorsa'lis, Corda spina'lis, Funis argenteus, 
Rhache'trum, My'elus, M. rhachi'tes seu notice'us 
seu diauche'nius seupso'i'tes, My' elon,Notomy' elus, 
Rhachi'tes, Medul'la vertebra'lis, Proces'sus 
rachidia'nus, Sacra fis'tula, Spinal prolongation, 
Ver'tebral marrow, Spinal cord, Nervous system 
of voluntary motion and tactile impression (Gall), 
Spinal marrow, (F.) Moelle Ipiniire, Moelle ver- 
tebrate, called by Ch., Prolongement rachidien of 
the encephalon, is the continuation of the me- 
dulla oblongata. It commences at the foramen 
magnum of the occipital bone, and descends in 
the vertebral canal as low as the 2d lumbar ver- 
tebra, without filling it; presenting, in its course, 
several evident enlargements. It is grooved on 
both its anterior and posterior surfaces by a fur- 
row, which divides it, in its whole length, into 
two great nervous cords, intimately united with 
each other. It terminates by an oval tubercle, 
whence a number of nerves set out called Cauda 
equi'na, (F.) Queue de cheval, from its resem- 
blance to a horse's tail. The spinal marrow' has 
no analogy, as regards its structure, with the 
marrow of long bones. It is formed of two sub- 
stances; one white, the other gray, presenting 
an inverse arrangement to that which they have 
in the brain, the white being external, the cine- 
ritious at the centre. It is enveloped by a yel- 
lowish, fibrous membrane, very resisting, which 
seems to be continued insensibly from the pia 
mater, and by two other membranes, which are 
merely prolongations of the arachnoid and dura 
mater. See Nerve. 
Medulla Vertebralis, M. spinalis. 
MEDULLAS, Sperm. 
MED'ULLARY, Medulla,'ris, from medulla, 
' marrow.' Relating to the marrow or analogous 
to marrow. 
Medullary Ar'teries. The arteries, which 
enter bones and pass to the marrow. 
Medullary Canal, see Canal, medullary- 
m. Cells, see Medullary Membrane - m. Juice, 
Marrow - m. Matter of the brain, see Cerebrum. 
Medullary Membrane, Periosteum Inter'num, 
Endos'teum. A vascular, areolar web of extreme 
tenuity, which envelops the marrow and lines the 
inner surface of the medullary canal of the long 
bones. This membrane has been considered as 
a species of internal periosteum of those bones. 
It has numerous vessels, which bury themselves 
in the thickness of the marrow; and others which 
nourish the innermost plates of the bone. The 
cells formed by it are termed Cel'lultB seu Sac'- 
culi medulla'res. 
Medullary Neurine, see Neurine - m. Sar- 
coma, Encephaloid, Ilaematodes fungus. 
Medullary Substance of the Kidney, see 
Kidney - in. s. of Schwann, see Nerve-fibre. 
Medullary System. Bichat gives this name 
to the marrow and its membranes. He distin- 
guishes two species of medullary systems; the 
one occupies the cellular tissue at the extremities 
of the long bones and that of the flat and short MEDULLITIS 
bones; the other is found merely in the central 
canal of long bones. 
Medullary Tumour of the Lungs, Phthisis, 
cancerous. 
MEDULLITIS,'Myelitis. 
MEGALANTHROPOGEN'ESIS, from piyas, 
'great,'avfyaurog, ' man,' and ytvcais, 'birth.' A 
term used by a French physician, named Robert, 
to designate the art of procreating great men; 
men of mind; men of genius. He considered 
that they may be perpetuated by always taking 
care to have talented men united to clever 
women! 
MEGALOCAR'DIA, from pcyas, 'great,' and 
xapiia, ' heart.' The state of having a very large 
heart. 
MEGALOCCELIA, Intestine, great, Megalo- 
splanchnia. 
MEGALOPIIO'NIA, from peyas, peyaXr), 
'great,' and <pe>vrj, 'voice.' The condition of 
having a full, strong voice. 
MEGALOPHTHAL'MUS; from pcya{, ptyaXv, 
' great,' and oipdaXpos, ' eye.' A congenital de- 
formity, in which the eye is inordinately large. 
MEG A L OSPL A N CH'NUS, from ptyaXos, 
' great,' and arXayxyov, ' a viscus.' Megalocoe'lia. 
Hippocrates applies the epithet to those in whom 
a viscus, or the viscera, are tumid. Some have 
used the substantive Megalosplanch'nia for the 
tumour itself. 
MEGALOSPLENIA, Splenoncus. 
MEGETHOS, Stature. 
MEGRIM, Hemicrania. 
MEIBO'MIUS, GLANDS OF, Fol'licles of M., 
Pal'pebral Fol'licles, Cil'iary F., Glandules se- 
ba'cecB cilia'res seu JTeiJonita'ntB, Intestin'ula 
Meibo'mii, Lacu'nce palpebra'rum, (F.) Follicules 
palptbraux ou ciliaires, Glandes de Meibomius. 
Small, sebaceous follicles, called after Henry 
Meibomius, although known long before his de- 
scription of them. They are situate in special 
grooves in the tarsal cartilages; and are ranged 
by the side of each other, in the form of yellow- 
ish, parallel, and vertical lines ; sometimes 
straight, at others, tortuous. They may be seen 
at the inner surface of the eyelids, through the 
conjunctiva, and secrete a sebaceous humour, 
called Lippitu'do, Gum, (F.) Chassie. 
MEIO'SIS, Meo'sin, Mio'sis, Imminu'tio, Mi- 
nuthe'sis, Minitho'sis, from pciow, ' I lessen.' The 
period of a disease, in which the symptoms begin 
to diminish; - the decline. Remission. Also, 
idiotism. 
MEIUROS, Decurtatus, Myurus. 
MEL, Meli, Nili'acum, Honey, (F.) Miel. A 
substance of a muco-saccharine nature, prepared 
by the Apis mellifi'ca, or common bee, which 
collects it from the nectaries of flowers. Honey 
is employed as aliment, condiment, and medicine. 
It is demulcent and aperient; and is prescribed 
as an adjunct to gargles in eynanche tonsillaris, 
<tc. It is, at times, used as a detergent to foul 
ulcers. Virgin Honey, Mel vir'ginum seu tnr- 
gin'euni, (F.) Miel vierge, is that which flows 
from the wax spontaneously. 
Hill's Balsam of Honey is formed of balsam 
of tolu. ibj, honey, Tbj, rectified spirit, one gallon. 
It was long a celebrated empirical pectoral. 
Honey Water is a mixture of essences co- 
loured with saffron. A little honey is added to 
communicate a clamminess; the effect of which 
is to make it retain the scent the longer. It is 
used as a scent. 
Mel Acetatum, Oxymel - m. 
JSgyptiacum - m. Aerium, Fraxinus ornus - m. 
Arundinaceum, Saccharum. 
Mel Bora'cis, JfeZ subbora'cis, Colluto'rium 
547 
MELANCHLORUS 
adetrin'gens, Linimen'tum de Bora'te, L. ad aph- 
thae, Mel Boraxa'tum, Linctue de Bora'ce, L. ad 
aphthae, Honey of Borax. [Boracis contrit. tjj, 
mellie deepumati Ph. L.) Detergent. Ap- 
plied to the mouth in aphthous affections. 
Mel Canna:, Saccharum (non purificatum) - 
in. Coctum, Pelicide. 
Mel Despuma'tum, Clar'ified Honey, Ana- 
phrom'eli, (F.) Miel Clarify. Melt the honey 
in a water-bath, and remove the scum. Uses tho 
same as honey. 
Mel Praipara'tum, Prepared Honey. [Mel. 
deepumat. Oss. Alcohol, dilut. Oj. Crete? preeparat. 
§ss. To the honey and diluted alcohol, mixed, 
add the prepared chalk, and let the mixture 
stand for two hours, occasionally stirring. Then 
heat to ebullition, filter, and by means of a water- 
bath, evaporate the clear liquor to the specific 
gravity 1.32. Ph. U. S.) 
Mel Rosa:, Mel roea'tum, Melli'tum de Boeie, 
Bhodom'eli, Bhodoetac'ton, Honey of Boeee, (F.) 
Miel rosat, Mellite de Boeee. [Boeee gallic, jjij, 
aquae bullient. mellie deepurn. Ma- 
cerate the roses in of boiling water for four 
hours; press out as much fluid as possible and 
set aside. Macerate the residue in of boil- 
ing water for half an hour, and again express. 
Reserve the first infusion; mix the re- 
mainder with the infusion last obtained ; add the 
honey, and evaporate to a pint. Lastly, add the 
reserved infusion, and strain.. Ph. U. S.) As- 
tringent and detergent. Used chiefly in gargles 
and washes for aphtha;, Ac. 
Mel Scilla:, Oxymel scillae-m. Scilla; com- 
positum, Syrupus scillae compositus. 
Mel Vinosum, CEnomel - m. Virginum, see 
Mel. 
MELTE'NA, Melanorrhag"ia, Mel<enorrhag"ia, 
Ic'terue niger, Melanchlo'rus, Melanic'terus, Melas 
Ic'terue, Morbus niger Hippoc'ratie, Enterorrhoe'a, 
Black Jaundice, Morbus niger, (F.) Maladie 
noire, Mtline, Ictere noire; from pcXa;, ' black.' 
A name given to vomiting of black matter, ordi- 
narily succeeded by evacuations of the same 
character. It seems to be often a variety of hse- 
matemesis. The Black Vomit in yellow fever is 
owing to a morbid secretion from the lining mem- 
brane of the stomach and small intestine. Me- 
laena also signifies hemorrhage from the intes- 
tines; Fluxus sple'nicus, Dysenter'ia sjjle'nica, 
Dejectio'nee nigra, Seces'sus niger, Hem'orrhage 
from the Intes'tinee. 
Melaina Fungosa Carcinodes, Haematodes 
fungus. 
MELJENORRIIAGIA, Melsena. 
MELALEU'CA CAJAPUTI, M. Minor seu 
Leucoden'(Iron, Myrtus Leucaden'dron, Lepto- 
epermum Leucaden'drum. This plant affords the 
Cajeput Oil, (see Cajeput.) The leaves are es- 
teemed diuretic, stomachic, and emmenagogue. 
Melaleuca Leucodendron, M. Cajaputi - 
m. Minor, M. Cajaputi. 
MELAMPIIO'NUS; from pthas, 'obscure,' 
and <f>iavr), ' voice.' Having a hoarse or indistinct 
voice. 
MELAMPHYLLUM, Acanthus mollis. 
MELAMPODE, Ilelleborus niger. 
MELAMPODIUM, Helleborus niger. 
MELANOMA, Suffocation. 
MELANA5MIA, Venosity. 
MEL'ANAGOGUE, Melanago'gus, from 
'black,' and ayw, 'I expel.' A medicine which 
the ancients believed adapted for expelling black 
bile or melancholy. 
MELANCIILO'RUS, from piXas, 'black,' and 
' green.' The ancients gave this name MELANCHOLE 
to certain dark-coloured topical remedies. See 
Melaena. 
MELANCHOLE, Atrabilis. 
MELANCHOLIA, Melancholy - m. Autochi- 
rica, Suicide - m. Errabunda, Cuttubuth - m. 
Flatuosa, Hypochondriasis-m. Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondriasis - m. Nervea, Hypochondriasis 
- m. Pleonectica, see Pleonectica - m. Saltans, 
Chorea - m. Suicidium, Suicide - m. Uterina, 
Nymphomania-m. Zoanthropia, Melancholy. 
MEL'ANCHOLIC, Melanchol'icus, Melon'cha- 
ins, Melaneholo'des, from 'blaek,' and \oXri, 
' bile.' One labouring under melancholy. That 
which belongs or relates to melancholy. In 
popular language, one of a gloomy disposition. 
MELANCHOLINESS, Melancholy. 
MELANCHOLODES, Melancholic. 
MELANCHOLUS, Melancholy. 
MEL'ANCHOLY, Melancho'lia, same etymon. 
Lypema'nia, Ecphro'nia Melancho'lia, Mania 
Melanchol'ica, Mania Melancho'lia, Tristema'nia, 
Bury th' mia,Hypolepsioma' nia,Anoe'sia adstric'ta, 
Fixa'tio mononce'a, Melancholiness ; (F.) Melan- 
cholic, Lyperophrinie. A disease supposed, by 
the ancients, to be caused by black bile. A va- 
riety of mental alienation, characterized by ex- 
cessive gloom, mistrust, and depression, gene- 
rally, with insanity on one particular subject or 
train of ideas, Monoma'nia, Monomo'ria. Pano- 
phobia, Demonomania, Erotomania, Nostalgia, 
<fcc., may be referred to this head. 
Melancholy is also used for unusual gloominess 
of disposition. 
Melancholy-, Erotic, Erotomania-m. Love, 
Erotomania. 
MELAN'CHRUS, Melan'ochrus, from pcXas, 
' black,' and xpwj, 'a colour.' One attacked with 
black jaundice. It is probably an abbreviation 
of Melanchlorus. 
ME'LANCOLIE, Melancholy. 
MELANGE PECTORAL, Mistura acidi hy- 
drocyanic!. 
MELAN'IC, Melan'icus, Melanot'ic, Melanot'- 
icus; from /icXaf, 'black.' Of or belonging to 
Melanosis;-as Melanic deposit, a black colouring 
matter deposited from the blood under special 
circumstances ;-see Melanosis. 
MELANIC DEPOSIT, Melanosis. 
MELANICTERUS, Melrena. 
MELANOCHRUS, Melanchrus. 
MELANOMA, Melanosis. 
Melanoma Pulmonum, see Melanosis. 
MELANOMYCES, Melanospongus. 
MELANOPATHI'A, from pchaf, 'black,' and 
naQos, ' affection.' Ni'gritism, Nigrit"ies. A dis- 
ease of the skin, which consists in augmentation 
of black pigment; generally in patches. 
MELANOPHYMA, Ergot. 
MELANOPIPER, Piper nigrum. 
MELANOPNEUMON, see Melanosis. 
MELANORRHAGIA, Melsena. 
MELANORRIIIZUM, Helleborus niger. 
MELANOSE, Melanosis. 
MELANO'SIS, Melan'sis, Melano'ma, Nigritu'- 
do, Carcino'ma melanot'icum, Cancer melce'neus, 
Fungus melano'des, (F.) Degenirescence noire, 
Melanose, Cancer melane, Black cancer, Black tu- 
bercle, from fahas, ' black.' An organic affection, 
in which the tissue of the parts is converted, 
owing to a melan'ic depos'it, into a black, hard, 
homogeneous substance, near which ulcers or 
cavities form ;-owing to the softening, either of 
the substance itself, or of some other morbid 
tissue, - of tubercles especially. This morbific 
change affects the lungs particularly; when it is 
called Melano'sis seu Melano'ma seu Anthraco'sis 
548 
MELIANTHUS 
Pubno'num, Melanopncu' mon, Nigritu'do seu Car- 
cino'ma melanot'icum scu Melan'sis Pulmonum, 
Pneumonomelano'sis, (F.) Melanose Pulmonaire. 
It is, also, met with in the liver and areolar tex- 
ture. Its causes are very obscure. Melanosis 
of the lungs constitutes one of the species of 
phthisis of Bayle; but it is impossible to distin- 
guish it from the other species during life. 
In the classification of Fuchs, Melanosen 
(G.) forms a family of diseases. 
Melanosis Pulmonum, see Melanosis - m. 
Universalis, Venosity. 
MELANOSMEGMA, see Sapo. 
M E LAN 0 S P 0 N'G U S, Melanomyces; from 
/xcAaj, 'black,' and ajroyyoj, 'sponge.' The tu- 
beriform variety of melanosis of the lungs. 
MELANOTIC, Melanic - m. Cancer, Cancer, 
melanotic. 
MEL'ANOTHRIX, Atricapill'us, from /icAa;, 
'black,' and 'hair.' Having black hair. 
MELANSIS, Melanosis-m. Pulmonum, Me- 
lanosis pulmonum. 
MELANTHIUM, Nigella, M. Virginicum. 
Melan'thium Virgin'icum, Melanthium, Quo- 
fadil; indigenous; Order, Melanthacese, flower- 
ing in July, is said to be a sure but severe remedy 
for itch. 
MEL AS, Lepra nigricans - m. Icterus, Me- 
laena. 
MELAS'MA, Ecchymo'ma Melas'ma, Nigror, 
from pcXas, ' black.' A black spot or eccbymosis, 
occurring on the lower extremities of old people 
especially. Also a cutaneous affection analogous 
to chloasma, differing from it only in the dark 
colour of the morbid pigment. It is also called 
Pityriasis nigra. 
MELAS'SES, Molas'ses, Meins'turn, Theriaca 
commu'nis, Syru'pus empyreumat'icus seu niger, 
Treacle. The syrup, which remains after the 
juice of the sugar-cane has been subjected to all 
the operations for extracting sugar from it. In 
the United States, the syrup, made in the process 
of forming common sugar, is called mclasses; 
that remaining after the refinement of sugar 
being termed sugar-house melasses or treacle. 
Melasses Spirit, Rum. 
MELATROPH'IA, from pcAoj, 'a limb,' and 
arpofyia, 'wasting.' Wasting of the limbs. 
MELCA, yt\sa. Food made of acidulated 
milk. 
MELE, Specillum. 
MELEA, Pyrus malus. 
MELEGUETTA, Amomum grana paradisi. 
MELEI'OS, /o/Xcios, Meli'nus, Melias. A spe- 
cies of alum found in the island of Melos. 
ME LEZE, Pinus larix. 
MELI, Mel. 
MELIA, Fraxinus ornus. 
Me'lia Azed'arach, Azedara'cha amoe'na, 
Poison Berry Tree, Azed'arach, Pride of India. 
Pride of China, Pride tree, Hop tree, Bead tree. 
Nat. Ord. Meliaceae; Sex. Syst. Decandria Mo- 
nogynia. The bark of the root-called in India 
Neem Bark, Azedarach, (Ph. U. S.), is usually 
given in decoction, in the proportion of three or 
four ounces of the bark of the fresh root to a 
quart of water, boiled down to a pint. The dose 
is one or two table-spoonfuls, every two or three 
hours, till purging is induced. It is given in this 
manner as an anthelmintic. It is sometimes 
formed into an ointment, and used in tinea 
capitis. The tree is a native of Syria, Persia, 
and the north of India, and is abundant in the 
southern states of the Union. 
Melia Terra, Creta. 
MELIAN'THUS MAJOR, Nat. Ord. Zygo- 
phylleae. A south African plant, a decoction of MELICERA 
whose leaves is a good external remedy in tinea 
capitis, crusta serpiginosa, necrosis and foul 
ulcers. It is also useful as a gargle and lotion 
in sore throat and diseases of the gums. The 
bruised leaves applied to ulcers promote granu- 
lation. 
MELICERA, Porrigo favosa. 
MELICERIA, Hydrarthrus, Porrigo favosa. 
MELICE'RIS, Melifa'vium, from 'honey,' 
and Kijpoj, ' wax.' Emphy'ma encys'tis melice'ris. 
An encysted tumour filled with a substance re- 
sembling honey. Also, Porrigo favosa. 
MELIC"EROUS, Melicer'itous : same etymon. 
Having the characters of meliceris,-as a melice- 
roti8 tumour. 
MELICERUM, Porrigo favosa. 
MELICHEIUM, from peXi, 'honey,' and 
'I pour out.' A honey-like discharge from an 
ulcer. 
MELICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
MELIFAVIUM, Meliceris, Porrigo favosa. 
MELIGEI'ON, from pt\i, 'honey.' A fetid 
humour of the consistence of honey, discharged 
from ulcers, accompanied with caries of a bone. 
MELILOT, Trifolium melilotus. 
MELILOTUS, Trifolium melilotus. 
MELIME'LUM, from 'honey,' and 
* an apple.' A name given to two compounds:- 
one of honey and quince, the other of honey and 
apples. 
MELINE, Melsena. 
MELINI SULPHAS, Cadmii sulphas. 
MELI'NUM, /lyXivov. The ancient name of an 
ointment, and of several plasters, described by 
Dioscorides and Galen : so called from their re- 
sembling the pr/Xov, or quince, in colour. 
Melinum Sclphuricum, Cadmii sulphas. 
MELINUS, Meleios. 
MELIPHYLLUM, Melissa. 
MELIS'SA, from pcXiacra, 'a bee,' because bees 
gather honey from it. Melissa officina'lis seu 
Jloma'na seu hirsu'ta seu cit'rina seu citra'ta seu 
horten'sis, Citra'yo, Oitra'ria, Melitei'a, Melissob'- 
otos, Melita'na, Melissobot' anum, MelissopJiyl'lum, 
Meliphyl'lum, Mentha citra'ta, Melit'tis, Cedro- 
nel'la, Apias'trum, Melissa cit'rina, Ero'tion, 
Bahn, (F.) Melisse, La Citronelle; Nat. Ord. 
Labiatae. The leaves of balm, Melissa (Ph. U. S.), 
have a pleasant odour; and an austere and aro- 
matic taste. Balm was formerly much used in 
nervous diseases, but is now only employed when 
made into a tea, as a diluent, in febrile affections. 
It is the basis of a celebrated preparation,-the 
Eau des Carmes. 
Melissa Calamin'tha, Calamin'tha, C. vulga'- 
ris seu officina' rum seu grandiflo'ra, Thymus ca- 
lamin'tha, Cal'amint, (F.) Calament. This plant 
smells like wild mint, though more agreeably. 
It is used, popularly, as a tea in dyspepsia; fla- 
tulent colic; hysteria; uterine obstructions, <tc. 
Melissa Canariensis, Dracocephalum Cana- 
riense-m. Citrata, Melissa-m. Citrina, Melissa. 
Melissa Grandiflo'ra, Thymus grandiflo'rus, 
Calamin'tha magno Ji ore, C. monta'na, Mountain 
Cal'amint. This plant resembles the last in 
virtues. 
Melissa Hirsuta, Melissa - m. Hortensis, 
Melissa - m. Humilis, Melittis melissophyllum. 
Melissa Nep'eta, Thymus nep'eta seu multiflo- 
rus, Calamin'tha An'glica seu Pule'gii odo're seu 
nep'eta seu paruiflo'ra seu trichot'oma, Nep'eta 
agres'tis, Field Cal'amint, Spotted Cal'amint. 
Formerly used as an aromatic. 
Melissa Pulegioides, Hedeoma-m. Romana, 
Melissa-m. Tragi, Melittis melissophyllum-m. 
Turcica, Dracocephalum Canariense. 
549 
MELOCHITIS 
MELISSE DES BOIS, Melittis melissophyl- 
lum-m. de Moldavie, Dracocephalum Canari- 
ense. 
MELISSOBOTANUM, Melissa. 
MELISSOBOTOS, Melissa. 
MELISSOPHYLLUM, Melissa, Melittis melis- 
sophyllum. 
MELISSOT, Melittis melissophyllum. 
MELITJE'MIA, from /uXi, ' honey/ and 'aipa, 
'blood.' A condition of the circulating fluid, in 
which it contains an unusual quantity of saccha- 
rine matter. 
MELIT2ENA, Melissa. 
MELITAGRE, Impetigo. 
MELITEIA, Melissa. 
MELITHOCORTON, Corallina Corsicana. 
MELI'TIS, Inflamma'tio gena'rum; from [irjXov, 
'the cheek/ and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the cheek. 
MELITITES, Hydromeli. 
MELITTA, Bee. 
MELITTIS, Melissa. 
Melit'tis Melissophyl'lum, La'mium monta'- 
num, Melissa hu'milis seu sy Ives'tris, Melissa 
Tragi, La'mium Plin'ii, Melissophyl'lum, Bastard 
Balm, (F.) Melisse des Bois, Melissot. This plant 
was formerly employed, like the balm, in uterine 
obstructions. 
Melittis Sylvestkis, M. Melissophyllum. 
MELITURIA, Urine, diabetic, see Diabetes. 
MELI'TUS, Melli'tus, from mel, 'honey.' Ap- 
pertaining to honey. Of the nature of honey. 
MELIZO'MUM, from /uXt, 'honey/ and 
' broth / Mead, Meili'na, Metheg'lin. A drink 
prepared with honey. 
MELLA'GO, from mel, 'honey/ Any medi- 
cine having the consistence of honey. A fluid 
extract. 
MELLICRATUM, Hydromeli. 
MELLIFAVIUM, Porrigo favosa. 
MELLINA, Melizomum. 
MELLITE DE ROSES, Mel rosaj. 
MELLI'TUM, from mel, 'honey.' A prepared 
honey :-a medicated honey. 
Mellitum de Acetate Cupri, Linimentum 
JEruginis. 
Mellitum de Mercuria'li Compos'itum, (F.) 
Miel de mereuriale compost, Syrop de longue vie. 
(Succ. purif. mercurialis Ibij, boraginis, anchusae 
officinalis, aa Ibss, tri» pseudacori radicis recent. 
5ij, rad. sicc. gentiance 3j, mellis Ibiij, vini albi 
5xiij. Macerate the bruised roots in the wine 
for 24 hours ; strain ; mix the juices and honey; 
boil slightly, and filter: then add the two liquors, 
and boil to the consistence of syrup. Ph. P.) 
Cathartic, stomachic, Ac. 
Mellitum de Rosis, Mel rosae. 
Mellitum Simplex, Syru'pus de Melle, Syrup 
of Honey. (Meilis tbvj, aqua tbiss, carbonat. 
calcis. prceparat. Mix the honey, water, 
and carbonate of lime in a silver vessel: boil the 
mixture, stirring, at the same time, for 2 or 3 
minutes: then add prepared animal charcoal § v j, 
two whites of eggs, mixed in a pint of water. Mix 
all, and boil to the consistence of syrup : remove' 
from the fire; let the syrup rest for 15 minutes, 
and pass through a clotM. Ph. P.) Demulcent. 
MELLITUS, Melitus. 
MELOAj'MIA, from pc\as, 'black/ and ' aiya, 
'blood.' A state of blood, characterized by its 
incoagulability, black colour, and septic pro- 
perties. 
MELOCHI'TIS, Lapis Arme'nius, Armeni'tes, 
Arme'nian Stone. A variety of blue carbonate 
of copper. It is found in Germany, the Tyrol, 
and especially in Armenia. It was formerly em- MELOE 
ployed as a eardiac, and as proper for purging 
away melancholy. 
MEL'OE NIGER, 3/. Pennsylvan'icus. A blis- 
tering fly, native of the United States. It feeds 
upon Prunel'la vulga'rie or Self-heal, and Am- 
bro'sia trif'ida or Stick-iceed. These flies re- 
semble the Spanish flies in properties. 
Meloe Pennsylvanicus, M. niger. 
Meloe Proscarab.e'us, Cantarel'lus, was 
anciently used as a diuretic and anti-hyhropho- 
bic. 
Meloe Vesicatorius, Cantharis. 
MELON, pr)\ov, ' an apple.' A disorder of the 
eye, in which it protrudes out of the socket. See 
Exophthalmia.- Castelli. 
Melon, Cucumis melo-m. d'Eau, Cucurbita 
citrullus - m. Plant, Cucumis melo-m. Water, 
Cucurbita citrullus, 
MELONGENA, Solanum melongena. 
MELOPLACUNTIUM, Meloplacus. 
MELOPLA'CUS, Meloplacun'tium, from priXov, 
'an apple,' 'a quince.' A compound obtained by 
boiling wine, honey, quince, pepper, &c., together. 
-Galen. 
MELOPLAS'TIC, Meloplae'ticus ; from nfhov, 
' the cheek,' and itXaaaw, ' I form.* The opera- 
tion for forming a new cheek when any part of it 
has been lost. 
MELOS, juXoj, Membrum. A member. An 
organized part, composed of other parts. - Cas- 
telli. 
MELO'SIS, Catheterie'mue, Cenembate'sis, from 
piXy, 'a probe.' The act of probing a -wound, 
ulcer, <tc.-Hippocrates. Catheterism. 
MELOTHRUM, Bryonia alba. 
MELO'TIS, Melo'trie, Specil'lum minim. A 
small probe, - a probe for the ear. See Apyro- 
mele. 
MELOTRIS, Melotis. 
MELTING, Fusion. 
MELUM, fi>iXov, Malum. An apple. Fruit in 
general. Also, a round, firm female breast. 
The cheek. The apple-eye or melon-eye; an 
apple-formed projection of the eye from the 
orbit. 
Melum Armeniacum, Prunus armeniaca-m. 
Cydonium, see Pyrus cydonia. 
MELUSTUM, Melasses. 
MEMBRA PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
MEMBRAN A, Membrane-m. Abdominis, Pe- 
ritonaeum- m. Adiposa, Cellular membrane-m. 
Adventitia, Decidua reflexa-m. Agnina, Amnios 
-m. Amphiblestrodes, Retina-m. Arachnoidea, 
Hyaloid membrane - m. Capsularis testis, Albu- 
ginea- m. Carnosa, Dartos - m. Cellulosa, Cel- 
lular membrane - m. Cellulosa, Decidua-m. Ce- 
rebri tenuis, Pia mater - m. Cerebri mollis, Pia 
mater - m. Cerebri propria, Pia mater-m. Cir- 
cumossalis, Periosteum - m. Communis, Decidua 
-m. Circumplexa, Pericardium - m. Cordis, Pe- 
ricardium-m. Costalis, Pleura-m. Costas suo- 
cingens, Pleura - m. Crassa, Decidua reflexa - 
m. Cribrosa, Decidua - m. Cuticularis, Dura ma- 
ter- m. Decidua serotina, see Decidua-m. De- 
muriana, see Aqueous humour, and Cornea - m. 
Dentata, Dentieulatum ligamentum - m. Derma- 
todes, Dura mater-m. Descemetii, see Aqueous 
humour, and Cornea-m. Diaphratton, Mediasti- 
num-m. Dura cerebrum ambiens, Dura mater- 
in. Epicrania, Galea aponeurotica capitis - m. 
Externa dentium, Tapetum alveoli-m. Farcimi- 
nalis, Allantois - m. Fenestras rotundae, see Fe- 
nestra- m. Filamentosa, Decidua reflexa - m. 
Floceulenta, Decidua - m. Foetum involvens, 
Amnios. 
Membra'na Granulo'sa, Gran' ular membrane, 
550 
MEMBRANE 
(F.) Membrane granulevse, Couche celluleuse 
(Coste). A layer of yellow, granular matter, 
which lines the inner layer of the Graafian follicle. 
Membrana Interspinalis, Interspinal liga- 
ment- m. Intestinalis, Allantois - m. Linguse, 
see Tongue - m. Macilentior, Epiploon, gastro- 
hepatic- m. Mucosa, Decidua, see Membrane - 
m. Nervorum, Neurilema-m. Nictitans, Valvula 
semilunaris-m. Olfactoria, Pituitary membrane 
- m. Ossis, Periosteum - m. Ovi materna, De- 
cidua- m. Ovuli cortiealis, Oiocalymma - m. 
Pellucida, Amnios-m. Pinguedinosa, see Cellular 
membrane-m. Pinguis intestinorum, Mesentery 
- m. Pituitaria, Pituitary membrane, see Mem- 
brane- m. Pituitosa, see Membrane - m. Pleu- 
retica, Pleura - m. Prseexistens, Decidua - m. 
Propria, Basement membrane, and Folliculi Graa- 
fiani, see Cortex ovi - m. Pupillaris, Pupillary 
membrane. 
Membra'na Putam'inis, (putamen, 'a shell or 
husk.') The membrane adherent to the inner 
surface of the eggshell. 
Membrana Retiformis Chorii, Decidua re- 
flexa-m. Ruyschiana, Choroid (inner layer.) 
Membrana Sacciform'is. A separate synovial 
membrane for the inferior radio-cubital articula- 
tion, which covers the upper surface of the trian- 
gular ligament, and the sort of incomplete ring 
which circumscribes the head of the ulna. 
Membrana Semipellucida, Caligo-m. Sinu- 
osa, Decidua - m. Subcostalis, Pleura - m. Suc- 
cingens, Diaphragm, Pleura. 
Membrana Testae, Shell membrane. The mem- 
brane that lines the shell of the bird's egg : - 
a simple membrane. 
Membrana Thoracem Intersepiens, Media- 
stinum-m. Tympani, see Tympanum-m. Tym- 
pani secundaria, see Fenestra-m. Urinaria, Al- 
lantois- m. Uteri interna evoluta, Decidua - m. 
Uvea, Uvea-m. Vasculosa cerebri, Pia mater- 
m. Verricularis, Retina. 
Membra'na Versic'olor. A peculiar mem- 
brane - according to Mr. Fielding, of Hull - 
situate immediately behind the retina, ami in 
connexion with it. It is separable into distinct 
layers from the choroid, and is supplied with 
blood-vessels. 
Membrana Wachendorfiana, Pupillary mem- 
brane. 
MEMBRANACEOUS, Membranous. 
MEMBRANE, Afemtra'na, Hymen, Meninx, 
Epen'dyma. A name, given to different thin or- 
gans, representing a species of supple, more or less 
elastic, webs ; varying in their structure and vital 
properties, and intended, in general, to absorb or 
secrete certain fluids; and to separate, envelop, 
and form other organs. Bichat has divided the 
membranes into simple and compound. 
Simple membranes comprise three orders. 1. A 
Mucous membrane, Membrana mucosa seu pitui- 
to'sa seu pituita'ria, Phleg'mymen, Phlegmat'hy- 
men, Membrane folliculeuse (Ch.), is so called, on 
account of the mucous fluid by which they are 
constantly lubricated. They line the canals, ca- 
vities, and hollow organs, which communicate 
externally by different apertures on the skin. 
Bichat refers the mucous membranes to two great 
divisions-the gastro-pulmonary, and the genito- 
urinary. The mucous membranes have a striking 
analogy with the cutaneous tissue, in organiza- 
tion, functions, and diseases. They are composed 
of chorion, papillae, and epidermis; and are fur- 
nished with a multitude of follicles, which secrete 
a viscid humour-mucus. They receive a quan- 
tity of arterial vessels, veins, lymphatics, and 
nerves. 2. The Serous membranes, M. villeuses 
simples (Ch.), are transparent, thin, and composed 
of one lamina. One surface adheres to other tex- MEMBRANE 
tures; the other is smooth, polished, and mois- 
tened by a serous fluid. They are arranged - in 
the form of sacs without apertures - as great, in- 
termediate reservoirs for the exhalant and ab- 
sorbent systems, in which the serous fluid in 
passing from one system tarries some time before 
it enters the other. The serous membranes re- 
semble the areolar membrane in structure and 
diseases. They facilitate the motion on each 
other of the organs which they envelop. They 
may be divided into (a) Serous membranes, pro- 
perly so called; as the arachnoid, pleura, perito- 
neum, and tunica vaginalis. (&) Synovial mem- 
branes or capsules; which belong to joints, ten- 
dons, aponeuroses, <fcc. These membranes-mu- 
cous and serous-are constituted of similar layers 
- epithelium, basement membrane, condensed 
areolar tissue; and a looser form of areolar tis- 
sue, termed submucous in one case,-snbserous in 
the other. 3. Fibrous membranes, Membranes albu- 
gineuses (Ch.) These are almost all continuous, 
and terminate at the periosteum - their common 
centre. They have been divided into two sec- 
tions. 1. Enveloping aponeuroses, Aponeuroses of 
insertion, Fibrous capsules of the joints, and Fi- 
brous sheaths of tendons. 2. The Periosteum, Dura 
mater, Sclerotica, Tunica albuginea testis, Fibrous 
membrane of the spleen, <tc. The fibrous mem- 
branes are not free or moistened by any particu- 
lar fluid. They adhere by both surfaces to the 
neighbouring parts; are firm, resisting, but 
slightly elastic, and of a white colour; sometimes 
pearly and glistening. Their vessels are nume- 
rous, in some, as in the dura mater and peri- 
osteum ; in others, scarcely perceptible, as in the 
aponeuroses. The presence of nerves has never 
been proved, although several circumstances, re- 
garding their sensibility, render their existence 
probable. The fibrous membranes serve, in ge- 
neral, to augment the solidity of the organs which 
they envelop; to retain the muscles in their re- 
spective positions; to favour the motion of the 
limbs, and that of the muscles and skin ; to form 
canals and rings for the passage of different 
organs, Ac. 
Bichat admits three species of Compound Mem- 
branes. 1. The Sero-flbrous, formed of a serous 
and fibrous lamina, intimately adherent to each 
other;-as the pericardium, dura mater, and tu- 
nica albuginea. 2. The Sero-mucous, formed of 
a serous and mucous lamina;-as the gall-bladder 
at its lower part. 3. The Fibro-mucous, consti- 
tuted of the union of a fibrous and mucous mem- 
brane ; as the mucous membrane of the nasal fossa-, 
gums, &c. Chaussier admits six kinds of mem- 
branes. 1. The laminated. See Cellular Tissue. 
2. The serous or simple villous. 3. The follicular 
or complicated villous. 4. The muscular or fleshy. 
5. The albugineous. 6. The albuminous. 
Membrane, Accidental, M. false - m. Acci- 
dentelle, M. false - m. Adnee, Conjunctiva - m. 
Adventitious, M. false - m. Anhistous, Decidua. 
Membrane, Basement, Pri'mary membrane, 
Membra'na pro'pria. A delicate, structureless 
lamella of membrane found beneath the epidermis 
or epithelium, on all the free surfaces of the body. 
MEMBRANE CADUQVE, Decidua-m. Ca- 
duque riJUehie, Decidua reflexa-m. de Demours, 
see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea - m. de Des- 
cemet, see Aqueous Humour, and Cornea. 
Membrane, False, Accidental membrane, Ad- 
ventit"ious membrane, Pseudo-membrane, Pseud'y- 
men, Psendome'ninx, (F.) Fausse membrane, M. ac- 
cidentelle. Membranous productions, which form 
on all the free natural surfaces, and on every 
free accidental surface are so called. They 
are, in general, produced by the exudation of a 
fibrinous matter, susceptible of organization, 
551 
MENECRATIS 
which takes place in consequence of inflammation 
of the various tissues. These accidental mem- 
branes occur on the skin after the application of 
a blister; on mucous surfaces, as in croup; on 
the parietes of inflamed veins and arteries, <fcc. 
The cicatrices of wounds are formed of them. 
MEMBRANE FAUSSE, Membrane false - 
m. Germinal, see Molecule - m. Granular, Mem- 
brana granulosa - m. Granuleuse, Membrana 
granulosa - m. Primary, Membrane, basement 
- m. Pseudo, M. false - m. Hyaloid, see Hya- 
loid membrane - m. Ruyschienne, Choroid (in- 
ner layer), Ruyschiana tunica-m. Shell, Mem- 
brana testae - m. du Tympan, see Tympanum - 
m. Virginal, Hymen - m. Vitellary, Zona pellu- 
cida-m. Vitelline, Zona pellucida. 
MEMBRANES ALBUGINEUSES, Mem- 
branes, fibrous, see Albuginea-m. Folliculeuses, 
Membranes, mucous-m. Veloutees, Villous mem- 
branes-m. Villeuses simples, Membranes, serous. 
Membranes of the Fcetus, Membra'nce foetum 
involven' tes, Velamen'ta infan'tis. The membranes 
which immediately envelop the fcetus in the ca- 
vity of the uterus, and the rupture of which gives 
rise to the discharge of the liquor amnii. These 
membranes are the decidua, chorion, and amnion. 
MEMBRANEUX, Membranous. 
MEMBRAN'IFORM, Memb raniform' is, from 
membrana, and forma ;-resembling a membrane. 
A name given to thin and flat parts, which re- 
semble membranes. 
Membraniform Muscles. Very broad and 
thin muscles, as the platysma myoides, obliquus 
abdominis, <tc. 
MEMBRANOSUS, Fascia lata muscle. 
MEM'BRANOUS, 3/em6rono'su«, Membrana'- 
ceus, Hymeno'des, (F.) Membraneux. Having the 
nature of membrane. Formed of membrane. 
MEMBRANULA, Hymenium-m. Coronas ci- 
liaris, see Ciliary-m. Lunata vaginae, Hymen- 
m. Nervorum, Neurilema - m. Semilunaris con- 
junctivae, Valvula semilunaris. 
MEM'BRANULE, Membran'ula, diminutive of 
membrana, ' a membrane.' A small membrane. 
MEMBRE, Membrum - m. Viril, Penis. 
MEMBRO'SUS, Membro'sior, Mentula'tus, Mu- 
tonia'tus, Nasa'tus, valde Mentula'tus, Fascino'- 
sus, Psolon, from membrum, 'the male organ.' 
One whose penis is very large. 
MEMBRUM, Artus, Melos, Colon, a limb, a 
member, (F.) Membre. The limbs or extremities 
or members of animals are certain parts exterior 
to the body, which are more or less apparent, 
long, and moveable. It is by means of their 
limbs, that animals transport themselves from 
one place to another; and that they defend them- 
selves, or attack others. The limbs are arranged 
on each side of the trunk, with which they are 
articulated. In man, they are four in number : 
-two upper or thoracic, and two lower, pelvic or 
abdominal. Also, the male organ. 
Membrum Genitale Virorum, Penis-m. Mu- 
liebre, Clitoris-m. Seminale, Penis - m. Virile, 
Penis. 
MEMOIRE, Memory-m. Perte de, Amnesia. 
MEMORIA DELETA, Amnesia. < 
MEM'ORY, Memo'ria, Mneme, Hypomne'sis, 
Re-orda'tio, Recorda'tus, (F.) Mtmoire. The ce- 
rebral faculty, by virtue of which past impressions 
are recalled to the mind. 
MEMPHI'TES LAPIS. A sort of stone, found 
in the environs of Memphis; which was formerly 
esteemed narcotic. 
MENAGOGUES, Emmenagogues. 
MENDESION, JEgyptiacum. 
MENE, Moon. 
MENECRATIS ACCIPITER, Accipiter. MENES 
MENES, Menses. 
AIENESPA USIE, see Menses. 
MENFRIGE, see Pistacia lentiscus. 
MENINGARTHROC'ACE, Inflamma'tio mem- 
brana'rum articulatio'nia, Arthromeningi'tis, from 
'membrane/ apdpov, 'a joint/ and kukos, 
'disease? Inflammation of the membranes of a 
joint. 
AIENINGE, Dura mater. 
AIENINGE, Meningeal. 
MENIN'GEAL, Alenin'geut, from pwiyf, 'a 
membrane? (F.) Aleningt. Relating to the me- 
ninges, or merely to the dura mater. 
Meningeal Apoplexy, see Apoplexy. 
Meningeal Artery, Middle, Arte'ria menin'- 
gea me'dia, A. Sphaeno-apino'aa, A. Puree Matria 
me'dia max'i ma, A. Sphcsno-spina' lia, Spinal Ar- 
tery, (F.) Arterp meningee moyenne, A. Spheno- 
epineuae, A. Epineuse, is the largest of the 
branches given off by the internal maxillary 
artery. It enters the cranium by the foramen 
spinale, and distributes its branches chiefly to 
the dura mater. 
Meningeal Vessels, Vaaa menin'gea. The 
vessels of the membranes of the brain. 
MENIN'GES, Eilam'idea, Alatrea seu Involu'- 
cra CeSebri, Omen'ta seu Velamen'ta cerebra'lia, 
from 'a membrane? The three membranes 
which envelop the brain-Dura mater, Arachnoid, 
and Pia mater. 
AIENINGETTE, Pia mater. 
MENINGI'NA, (F.) Aleningine. Same etymon. 
A name given by Chaussier to the pia mater, 
united to the cerebral layer of the arachnoid. 
Meningina, Inner Lamina of the, Pia mater. 
AIENINGINE, Meningina. 
MENINGINI'TIS, from meningina, and itis, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the me- 
ningina. » 
MENINGION, Arachnoid membrane. 
MENINGIS CUSTOS, Meningophylax. 
AIENINGITE, Meningitis - m. Granuleuae, 
Hydrocephalus internus - m. Rachidienne, Me- 
ningitis, spinal - in. Tuberculeuae, Hydrocepha- 
lus internus. 
MENINGI'TIS, Encephali'tie peripher'ica, E. 
membrano'aa, (F.) Inflammation de la membrane 
aireuae cephalo-rachidienne, Afeningite. Inflam- 
mation of the meninges or membranes of the 
brain. See Phrenitis. 
Meningitis Artiiritica, Cephalagra - m. In- 
fantum, Hydrocephalus internus - m. Mernbra- 
nosa, M. spinal. 
Meningi'tis Mesencephal'ica. Inflammation 
of the meninges of the medulla oblongata and 
pons varolii more especially. 
Meningitis Peripherica, M. spinal - m. Po- 
tatorum, Delirium tremens - m. Rachidian, M. 
spinal. 
Meningitis, Spinal, Jf. Rachid'ian, Al. Spi- 
na'lia seu peripher'ica seu membrano'aa, Perimye- 
li'tia, (F.) Afeningite rachidienne. Inflammation 
of the meninges of the spinal marrow. 
Meningitis, Tubercular, see Hydrocephalus 
internus - m. Tuberculosa, Hydrocephalus in- 
ternus. 
MENIN'GIUM. Diminutive of 'a 
membrane? A tine, delicate membrane. The 
tunica arachnoidea of the brain. 
M E N IN G 0 - CEPHALI'TIS, Afeningo-ence- 
phali'tia, Ceph'alo-meningi'tia, from p»;viyC ' a 
membrane/ KepoXn, ' head/ and itis, a suffix de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem- 
branes and brain. 
MENINGOGASTRITIS, Fever, gastric. 
MENINGOMALA'CIA, from 'mem- 
552 
MENORRHAGIA 
brane,' and yaXaxia, ' softening.' Softening of 
membranes in general. 
MENINGOPH'YLAX, Gustos menin'gis, De- 
presso'rium, (F.) Depressoire, from 'a 
membrane,' the dura mater; and ' a pre- 
server.' An instrument for depressing the dura 
mater, and guarding it from injury, whilst the 
bone is cut or rasped. 
MENINGORRHCE'A,from puivtyl;, 'membrane,' 
and pew, ' I flow.' Effusion of blood upon or be- 
tween the membranes of the brain. 
MENINGO'SIS. Same etymon. The union 
of bones by means of membrane; e. g. the arti- 
culation of the bones of the cranium in the foetus. 
Meningosis is a variety of Syndesmosis. 
MENINGOSYM'PHYSIS; from 'mem- 
brane,' and cv/jupvais, 'growing together.' Adhe- 
sion of or by membrane. Adhesion of the mem- 
branes of the brain to each other, or to the brain. 
MENINX, Membrane - m. Choroides, Pia 
mater-m. Crassa, Dura mater-m. Dura, Dura 
mater - m. Exterior, Dura mater - m. Interior, 
Pia mater-m. Media, Arachnoid membrane-m. 
Pacheia, Dura mater - m. Sclera, Dura mater. 
MENISCHESIS, see Amenorrhoea. 
MENISPERMUM ANGULATUM, M. Cana- 
dense. 
Menisperm'um Canaden'se, M. angula'tum, 
from ynvri, ' the moon,' and artpya, ' seed.' A 
climbing plant, growing in various parts of the 
United States. Said to be used in Virginia as a 
substitute for sarsaparilla in scrofula. It is an 
excitant tonic. 
Menisper'mum Coc'culus, Jf. glaucum, Ana- 
mir'ta Coc'culus, A. panicula'ta, Coc'culus sube- 
ro'sus, so called from the shape of its seed. 
Family Menispermeae. Sex. Syst. Dioecia Do- 
decandria. The systematic name of the plant, 
the berries of which are well known by the name 
of Coc'culus In'dicus, Indian Berries, Bacca 
Piscato'ritB, Coc'culus subero'sus, Indian Cockles, 
Coccus In'dicus, Cocculce officina'rum, Cocci ori- 
enta'les, Grana Orien'tis, (F.) Cogue du Levant, 
Coque levant. These berries are remarkable for 
their inebriating and destructive quality to fish. 
The deleterious principle appears to reside in the 
kernel, and in the active principle called Picro- 
tox'ine. Cocculus Indicus has been used in de- 
coction to kill vermin. It has, at times, been 
added to beer, by fraudulent tradesmen, to render 
it more inebriating. 
Menispermum Glaucum, M. cocculus-m. Pal- 
matum, Calumba. 
Menisper'mum Tubercula'tum, JI. Verruco'- 
sum, Coc'culus crispus. A Chinese plant, an ex- 
tract from the root of which is tonic to the sto- 
mach and bowels, and possesses some astrin- 
gency. Dose, 5 to 10 grains. 
The same may be said of Menisper'mum cor- 
difo'lium - the Goluncha, of Bengal. 
Menispermum Verrucosum, M. tuberculatum. 
MENOCRYPHIA, Amenorrhoea. 
MENOLIPSIS, see Menses. 
MENOPAUSIS, see Menses. 
MENOPHANIA, see Menses. 
MENOPLANIA, Menstruation, vicarious. 
MENORRIIAG"IA, from 'a month,' and 
pnyvvyi, ' I flow fiercely.' Flow of the menses. 
Frequently, the word is used synonymously with 
uterine hemorrhage or metrorrhagia, or for im- 
moderate flow of the menses-profuse menstrua- 
tion, Parame'nia super'flua, P. profu'sa, Afenor- 
rhag"ia rubra, Catamenio'rum fiuxus immod'icus, 
Menstrua immod'ica, M. super'flua, Menorrhes'a. 
Menorrhagia, Menstruation, Metrorrhagia - 
m. Alba, Leucorrhcea - m. Difficilis, Dysmenor- 
rhoe-m. Erronea, Menstruation, erroneous - m. 
Stillatitia, Dysmenorrhoea. MENORRHCEA 
MENORRIICE'A, from 'month,' and pca>, 
' I flow.' Too long continuing, or too often re- 
turning, menstruation. Also, menorrhagia. 
MENOSCIIESIS, see Amenorrhoea. 
MENOSTASIA, Amenorrhoea. 
MENOS'TASIS, from pr/v, 'month,' and araais, 
' stasis,' ' stagnation.' This word, according to 
some, signifies the retention of the menses and 
their accumulation in the uterus. According to 
others, it means the acute pain which, in some 
females, precedes each appearance of the menses: 
a pain which has been presumed to proceed from 
the stasis of blood in the capillary vessels of the 
uterus. 
MENOXEN'IA, Menoxeno'sis, from firjv, 'a 
month,' and £cvos, ' foreign.' Irregular men- 
struation. 
MENOXENOSIS, Menoxenia. 
MENS, Anima, Intellect 
MENSA, 'a table.' The upper superficial part 
of the jaw teeth. 
MENSES, (J/ensi*, 'a month;') Jf. Mulie'bres, 
Mulie'bria, Menes, Fluxus men'struus, F. luna'ris, 
Pro'fluvium mulie'bre, P. genita'le muliebre, Con- 
euetu'do menstrua, Catame'nia, Men'strua, Em- 
me'nia, Tribu'tum luna're seu men'struum, Pur- 
gatio'nes, P. menstrua, Gynacci'a, Aphedri'a, 
Cursus men'struus, Horos'a, Luna'ria, Courses, 
Menstrual flux, Monthly courses, M. periods, 
Flowers, Turns, Terms, the Reds, Troubles, (F.) 
Mois, Regies, Lunes, Flueurs, Affaires, Epoques, 
Ordinaires, Purgations, Fleurs, Menstrues. The 
sanguineous evacuation from the uterus, Sanguis 
menstruus, the monthly occurrence of which con- 
stitutes menstruation. The first appearance of 
the menses - menopha'nia- is usually preceded 
by the discharge of a fluid whitish matter from 
the vagina; by nervous excitement, and by vague 
pains and heaviness in the loins and thighs; 
numbness of the limbs, tumefaction and hard- 
ness of the breasts, &c. More or less indisposi- 
tion and irritability also precede each successive 
recurrence of the menstrual flux. In temperate 
climates, each period ordinarily continues from 
three to six days; and the quantity lost varies 
from four to eight ounces. The menses continue 
to flow from the period of puberty till the age of 
45 or 50. At the term of its natural cessation, 
Menolip'sis, Menespausie (Gardanne,) Menopau'- 
sis, the flux becomes irregular; and this irregu- 
larity is occasionally accompanied with symp- 
toms of dropsy, glandular tumours, <fcc, consti- 
tuting the Parame'nia cessatio'nis of Good, and 
■what is called the critical time or turn of life; 
yet it does not appear that the mortality is in- 
creased by it. With the immediate causes of 
menstruation we are unacquainted. We express 
only our ignorance, when we assert it to depend 
upon periodicity; the discharge comes from the 
vessels of the uterus and vagina, and differs from 
ordinary blood by its peculiar odour, and by its 
not coagulating. It is evidently connected with 
the condition of the ovaries, and appears to be 
connected with the periodical discharge of ova 
from them. It is arrested, as a general principle, 
during pregnancy and lactation. In warm cli- 
mates, women usually begin to menstruate early, 
and cease sooner than in the temperate regions. 
The quantity lost is also greater. In the colder 
regions, the reverse of this holds as a general 
rule. 
Menses Albi, Leucorrhcea - m. Anomalm, 
Paramenia - in. Devii, Menstruation, vicarious 
- m. Dolorifici, Dysmenorrhoea - m. Retention 
of the, see Amenorrhoea-m. Suppression of the, 
Amenorrhoea. 
MENSIUM RETENTIO, see Amenorrhoea. 
553 
MENTAL 
MENSTRUA, Menses-m. Alba, Leucorrhcea 
- m. Difficilia, Dysmenorrhcea - m. Dolorosa, 
Dysmenorrhoea- m. Immodica, Menorrhagia - 
m. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
MENSTRUAL, Catamenial-m. Flux, Menses. 
MENSTRUANT, Men' struans, from menstrua, 
'the catamenia.' One subject to the catamenia. 
MENSTRUATIO ANOMALY, Paramenia - 
m. Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea-m. Dolorifica, Dys- 
menorrhoea-m. Impedita, see Amenorrhoea-m. 
Per insolitas Vias, Menstruation, vicarious. 
Menstrua'tio Recidi'va. Menstruation, when 
protracted beyond the usual age. 
Menstruatio Retenta, Amenorrhoea, Para- 
menia- m. Suppressa, Amenorrhoea, Paramenia. 
MENSTRUA'TION, Menstrua'tio, Chronogu'- 
nea, Menorrhag"ia, Flux us menstrua'lis. The 
flow of the menses. 
MEN STH UA TION DIFFICILE, Dysmenor- 
rhoea- m. Difficult, Dysmenorrhoea - m. Labo- 
rious, Dysmenorrhcea-m. Profuse, Menorrhagia. 
Menstruation, Vica'rious, is that which oc- 
curs from other parts than the uterus. It is 
called Parame'nia erro'ris, Menorrhag"ia erro'- 
nea, Mensium per alie'na loca fxcre'tio, Menses 
de'vii, Aberra'tio men'slum seu mengtruo'nwn, 
Menstrua'tio per insol'itas vias, Hcematopla'nia 
seu Hcemopla'nia menstrua'lis, Menopla'nia, (F.) 
Deviation des Regies, lligles devices. At times, 
the secreted fluid has all the characters of the 
menstrual secretion; at others, it appears to bs 
mere blood. 
MENSTRUEL, Catamenial. 
MENSTRVES, Menses. 
MENSTRUOUS, Catamenial. Also, one af- 
fected with the menses or catamenia. 
MEN'STRUUM, (F.) Menstrue. Same ety- 
mon;- the menstruum being, of old, usually 
continued in action for a month. This name was 
formerly given to every substance which pos- 
sesses the property of dissolving others slowly 
and with the aid of heat. At present, it is used 
synonymously with solvent. Thus - water, alco- 
hol, ether, acids, oils, Ac., are menstrua. 
Menstruum Auri, Nitro-muriatie acid - m. 
Ventriculi, Gastric juice. 
MENSU'RA MED'ICA. A measure of 48 
ounces. 
MENSURA'TION, Meta'tio, from mensura, 
'measure.' Measurement, Medical meat'wing. 
One of the means used for exploring the state of 
the thoracic and other cavities. It consists in a 
comparative measurement of each side of the 
chest, by means of a riband extended from the 
median line of the sternum to the spine. When 
effusion exists on one side, the measurement is 
usually greater than on the other. When, on the 
other hand, a portion of a lung has ceased, for 
some time, to exert its respiratory functions, the 
corresponding side of the chest becomes smaller, 
in consequence of the contraction of the pleura, 
retraction of the pulmonary tissue, and greater 
approximation of the ribs. 
MENTA, Mentha, Penis. 
MENTAGRA, Mentulagra, Sycosis - m. In- 
fantum, Porrigo lupinosa. 
MEN'TAGRAPHYTE, Men'tagropkyle, from 
mentagra, and <j>vrov, ' a plant.' A name pro- 
posed by M. Gruby, of Vienna, for a cryptogamio 
plant, whieh he found in the eruption of men- 
tagra. 
MENTAL, Menta'lis, from mens, 'mind;' be- 
longing or relating to the mind, as mental phe- 
nomena, mental diseases (Morbi menta'les,) Ac. 
In Anatomy, Mental, Menta'lis, (F.) Menton- 
nier, signifies that which relates to the chin; 
from mentum, ' the chin.' 
Mental Ar'tery, (F.) Artere mentonniev. MENTHA 
This is given off by the inferior dental, and issues 
at the mental foramen to be distributed on the 
lower lip. 
Mental Fora'men, (F.) Trou mentonnier, An- 
te'rior maxillary F., is the outer orifice of the 
inferior dental canal. It is situate on the outer 
surface of the lower jaw-bone, opposite the second 
incisor, or the canine tooth, and gives passage to 
the vessels and nerves. 
Mental Fossa, see Fossa, mental. 
Mental Nerve, (F.) Nerf mentonnier, is fur- 
nished by the inferior dental nerve. It issues by 
the mental foramen, and is distributed, in nume- 
rous filaments, to the muscles of the lower lip. 
Mental Region, Re'gio menta'lis. The region 
of the chin. 
MENTHA seu MENTA AQUAT'ICA, J/en- 
thas'trum, Sisym'brium menthastrum, Mentha pa- 
ins'tris seu hirsu'ta seu rotundifo'lia. pains'tris, 
Bal'samus pains'tris, Watermint, (F.) Menthe 
aquatique, M. range. Nat. Ord. Labiatae. This is 
less agreeable than the Mentha viridis, and more 
bitter and pungent. It is used like spearmint. 
Mentha Balsamea, M. piperita. 
Mentha Capen'sis, which grows at the Cape 
of Good Hope, possesses the medical properties 
of the mints. 
Mentha Cervi'na, Hart's pennyroyal, Hyssop- 
leaved mint, Pule'gium cervi'num, (F.) Menthe 
cervine. Possesses the properties of pennyroyal, 
but is very unpleasant. 
Mentha Citrata, Melissa. 
Mentha Crispa, M. hercyn'ica, Colymbif'era 
minor, Curled Mint, (F.) Menthe frissee, Menthe 
crepue, Baume d'eau <1 feuilles ridees. Possesses 
the properties of peppermint. 
Mentha Gentilis, M. viridis - m. Hercynica, 
M. crispa-m. Hirsuta, M. Aquatica-m. Laevi- 
gata, M. viridis - m. Officinalis, M. piperita - 
m. Palustris, M. Aquatica. 
Mentha Piperi'ta, Mentha Piperi'tis seu offi- 
ciua'lis seu balsame'a, Peppermint, (F.) Menthe 
poicree. The odour of this variety is strong and 
agreeable. Taste, pungent, aromatic, and pro- 
ducing a sensation of coldness in the mouth. 
Virtues depend upon essential oil and camphor. 
It is stomachic and carminative. It is chiefly 
used in the form of essential oil-the oleum men- 
thce piperita. 
Essence of Peppermint consists of ol. men thee 
pip. sp. vin. rectif., coloured with spinach 
leaves, Oij. See Tinctura olei menthae piperitae. 
Mentha Pule'gium, Pulegium, Pulegium re- 
ga'le, Pulegium latifo'lium, Glechon, Pennyroyal, 
Pudding grass, (F.) Pouliot. The oil-O'leum 
pule'gii- possesses the virtues of the plant. It 
resembles the mints in general in properties. 
Amongst the vulgar, it is esteemed an emmena- 
gogue. 
Mentha Romana, Balsamita suaveolens, Ta- 
nacetum balsamita - m. Rotundifolia palustris, 
M. aquatica - m. Saracenica, Balsamita suave- 
olens, Tanacetum balsamita - m. Sativa, M. vi- 
ridis - m. Spicata, M. viridis. 
Mentha Vir'idis, M. Sati'va seu vulga'ris seu 
genti'lis seu spica'ta seu Iceviga'ta, Spearmint, 
(F.) Menthe sauvage, Baume des jardins, Menthe 
verte, Menthe des jardins. Odour strong, aroma- 
tic ; taste, warm, austere, bitterish. Virtues the 
same as those of the peppermint. The Oleum 
menthtB viridis is obtained from it. 
Mentha Vulgaris, M. viridis. 
MENTHASTRUM, Mentha aquatica. 
MENTHE AQUATIQUE, Mentha aquatica 
- m. Cervine, Mentha cervina - m. Coq, Tana- 
eetum balsamita - m. Crepue, Mentha crispa - 
m. Frissee, Mentha crispa - m. des Jardins - 
Mentha viridis - m. Poivree, Mentha piperita - 
554 
MERCURE 
m. Rouge, Mentha aquatica-m. Sauvage, Mentha 
viridis-»i. Verte, Mentha viridis. 
MENTIGO, Porrigo larvalis, Sycosis. 
MENTISME, from mens, mentis, 'mind.' Any 
irregular movement of the mind, whether from 
emotion or a vivid imagination. - Baumes. 
MENTOBICORNEUS, Geniohyoides. 
MENTO-LABIAL, Mento-labia'lis. Under this 
name Chaussier has united the Levator lahii tn- 
ferioris, and Quadratus muscles. See Depressor 
labii inferioris. 
Mento-labial Furrow : a transverse depres- 
sion situate between the lower lip and the chin, 
which is remarkable for the perpendicular direc- 
tion of the hairs growing upon it. 
MENTON, Mentum. 
MENTONNIER, Mental-m. Labial, Depres- 
sor labii inferioris. 
MENTONNIERE, see Funda. 
MENTULA, Penis - m. Muliebris, Cercosis, 
Clitoris - m. Parva, Pipinna. 
MEN'TL'LAGRA, Men'tagra. A hybrid word, 
from mentula, 'the penis,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' 
A convulsive erection of the mentula or penis; 
such as is said to be sometimes observed in eu- 
nuchs. See Pudendagra. 
MENTULATUS, Membrosus. 
MENTUM, Genei'on, Geni'um, Anthe'reon, 'the 
chin.' (F.) Menton. The inferior and middle 
part of the face, situate below the lower lip. The 
chin is formed of skin, areolar tissue, muscles, 
vessels, nerves, and the os maxillare inferius. 
MENYAN'THES TRIFOLIA'TA, Minyan'- 
thes, Trifo'lium paludo'sum seu aquat'icum seu 
palus'tre seu fibri'num, Menyan'thes, Water tre- 
foil, Buckbean, Bogbean. Nat. Ord. Gentianese. 
(F.) Trefle d'eau. The taste is intensely bitter, 
and is extracted by water. It is tonic, anthel- 
mintic, diuretic, cathartic, and, in large doses, 
emetic. In some countries, it is used as a substi- 
tute for hops in making beer. 
Menyan'thes Verna, American buck bean, 
Marsh trefoil, Water shamrock, Bitter root, has 
similar properties. 
MEOSIS, Meiosis. 
MEPIIIT'IC, Mephit'icus; from a Syriac word, 
signifying ' to blow, to breathe.' Any thing pos- 
sessed of an unwholesome property; chiefly ap- 
plied to exhalations. 
MEPHITIS, see Mephitism - m. Hepatica, 
Hydrogen, sulphuretted-m. Inflammabilis, Hy- 
drogen- m. Urinosa, Ammonia. 
MEPH'ITISM. Same etymon. Any perni- 
cious exhalation. Mephi'tis and Mophe'ta, (F.) 
Mofette ou Moufette, are old names for azote; 
and, in general, for all exhalations and gases that 
are unfit for respiration. 
MERACUS, Merus. 
MERAMAUROSIS, Hypamaurosis. 
MERANJESTHE'SIS, Merancesthe'sia, from 
gtpoi, 'a part,' av, 'privative,' and aicOijats, 'sen- 
sation.' Insensibility of a part of the body. 
MERATROPH'IA, from pepot, 'a part,' and 
arpo<pca, ' want of nourishment.' Atrophy of some 
part of the body. 
MERCURE, Hydrargyrum -m. Bichlorure de, 
Hydrargyri oxymurias - m. avec la Craie, Hy- 
drargyrum cum creta- m. Cru, Hydrargyrum - 
m. Cyanure de, Hydrargyri cyanuretum-m. Deu- 
tiodure de, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum - m, 
Beuto-chlorure de, Hydrargyri oxymurias - m. 
Doux, Hydrargyri submurias - m. Gomnieux de 
Plenck, Syrupus de mercurio mediante gummi- 
m. Muriate oxygeni de, Hydrargyri oxymurias-■ 
m. Oxide de, cendrt, Hydrargyri oxydum cinere- 
um - m. Oxide gris de, Hydrargyri oxydum ci- 
nereum-m. Oxide nitrique de, Hydrargyri nitri- MERCURIAL 
co-oxydum- m. Oxide noir de, Hydrargyri oxy- 
dum cinereum - m. Oxide rouge de, Hydrargyri 
oxydum rubrum - m. Periodure de, Hydrargyri 
iodidum rubrum - m. Protiodure de, Hydrargyri 
iodidum - m. Protochlorure de, Hydrargyri sub- 
murias- in. Protoxide de, Hydrargyri oxydum 
cinereum-m. Sous-muriate de, preci pit 6, Hydrar- 
gyrum praecipitatum - m. Sous-sulfate de, Hy- 
drargyrus vitriolatus-in. Sulphure de, noir, Hy- 
drargyri sulphuretum nigrum-m. Sulphure de, 
rouge, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
MERCU'RIAL, Mercuria'lis, Hydrargyr'icum, 
Hydrargyr'iuin. That which contains mercury. 
A preparation of mercury. 
MERCURIA'LIS, Mercuria'lis an'nua, French 
mercury. It has been esteemed cathartic, hyp- 
notic and cosmetic, and has been chiefly used by 
way of lavement. See Chenopodium Bonus Hen- 
ricus. 
Mercurialis Humor, Humor melanchol'icus. 
A supposititious humour with the older physi- 
cians, out of which they presumed that morbi 
melanchol'ici seu mercuria'les arose. 
Mercurialis Peren'nis, Cynocram'be, Cani'na 
bras'sica, M. monta'na, M. Sy Ives'tris, Dog'g mer- 
cury. This plant is possessed of acro-narcotic 
properties. 
MERCURIALISMUS, Hydrargyriasis. 
MERCU'RIALIST, Mercurialis'ta ; from mer- 
curius, ' mercury.' One inordinately addicted to 
prescribing mercury. 
MERCURIALIZA'TION. Same etymon. The 
state of being affected by mercury. One under 
the influence of mercury is said to be mercurial- 
ized. 
MERCURII CALX VITRIOLATA, Hydrar- 
gyrus vitriolatus - m. Deuto-ioduretum, Hydrar- 
gyri iodidum rubrum - m. Proto-ioduretum, Hy- 
drargyri iodidum-m. Sperma, Hydrargyrus aee- 
tatus-m. Terra foliata, Hydrargyrus acetatus. 
MERCURIUS, Hydrargyrum - m. Acetatus, 
Hydrargyrus acetatus - m. Alkalisatus, Hydrar- 
gyrum cum creta - m. Calcinatus, Hydrargyri 
oxydum rubrum-Causticus flavus, Hydrargyrus 
vitriolatus - m. Cinereus, Hydrargyri oxydum 
cinereum-m. Cinnabarinus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
retum rubrum - m. Corallinus, Hydrargyri nitri- 
co-oxydum-m. Corrosivus, Hydrargyri oxymu- 
rias - m. Corrosivus ruber, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxydum-m. Corrosivus sublimatus, Hydrargyri 
oxymurias - m. Cosmeticus, Hydrargyrum prae- 
cipitatum - m. Dulcis, Hydrargyri submurias - 
m. Emeticus flavus, Hydrargyrus vitriolatus - 
m. Gummosus Plenckii, Syrupus de mercurio 
mediante gummi-m. Luteus, Hydrargyrus vitri- 
olatus-m. Mortis, Algaroth-m. Niger Moscati, 
Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum - m. Praecipitatus 
corrosivus, Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum-m. Prae- 
cipitatus niger, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum - 
m. Saccharatus, Hydrargyrum saccharatum - m. 
Solubilis of Hahnemann, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
cinereum - m. Sublimatus dulcis, Hydrargyri 
submurias - m. cum Sulphure, Hydrargyri sul- 
phuretum nigrum-m. Terrestris, Polygonum 
hydropiper-m. Vitae, Algaroth - m. Zoticus 
Hartmanni, Hydrargyri submurias. 
MERCURY, Hydrargyrum - m. Acetate of, 
Hydrargyrus acetatus - m. Acid, nitrate of, see 
Hydrargyri nitras - m. Ammoniated, Hydrargy- 
rum praecipitatum - m. Ammonio-chloride of, 
Hadrargyrum praecipitatum - m. Bichloride of, 
Hydrargyri oxymurias - m. Biniodide of, Hy- 
drargyri iodidum rubrum. see Iodine - m. Bisul- 
phuret of, Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum-m. 
Bromide of, see Bromine - m. with Chalk, Hy- 
drargyrum cum creta.-m. Chloride of, mild, Hy- 
drargyri submurias-m. Cyanuret of, Hydrargyri 
cyanuretum - in. Deuto-iodide of, see Iodine - 
555 
MEROCELE 
*- 
m. Dog's, Mercurialis perennis-m. English, Che- 
nopodium bonus Henricus - m. French, Mercu- 
rial-m. Iodide of, Hydrargyri lodidum-m. Io- 
dide of, red, Hydrargyri lodidum rubrum. 
Mercury, Iodide of Chloride of, lod'idum 
Hydrar'gyri chlo'ridi, Hydrar'gyrum ioda'tum 
cum chloride mercurii, (F.) lodhydrargyrite de 
chlorure mercureux. Made by the reaction of 
iodine on mild chloride of mercury. Two iodides 
may be prepared - the iodide and the biniodide. 
Both are violent irritants : the biniodide, espe- 
cially, is a powerful caustic. Both have been 
given in scrofula. The biniodide is only used, 
externally like nitrate of silver in scrofulous 
and certain syphilitic ulcerations. An ointment 
of the iodide (gr. xv ad adipis gij) is rubbed on 
scrofulous tumefactions. 
Mercury, Iodo-Arsenite of, Arsenic and 
Mercury, iodide of-m. Muriate of, corrosive, Hy- 
drargyri oxymurias - m. Muriate of, mild, Hy- 
drargyri submurias - m. Nitrate of, Hydrargyri 
nitras - m. Nitric oxyd of, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxydum - m. Oxide of, black or gray, Hydrar- 
gyri oxydum cinereum - m. Oxide of, red, Hy- 
drargyri oxydum rubrum - m. Oxymuriate of, 
Hydrargyri oxymurias - m. Periodide of, Hy- 
drargyri iodidum rubrum - m. Phosphuretted, 
Hydrargyrus phosphoratus - m. Precipitate of, 
white, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum - m. Proto- 
chloride of, Hydrargyri submurias - m. Protoio- 
dide of, see Hydrargyri iodidum, and Iodine-m. 
Prussiate of, Hydrargyri cyanuretum - m. Solu- 
ble, Hydrargyri nitras - m. Subchloride of, Hy- 
drargyri submurias - m. Submuriate of, Hydrar- 
gyri submurias-m. Sulphuret of, black, Hydrar- 
gyri sulphuretum nigrum - m. Sulphuret of, red, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum, Realgar - m. 
Sulphuret of, with Sulphur, Hydrargyri Sulphu- 
retum nigrum - m. Supernitrate of, Solution of, 
see Hydrargyri nitras-m. Tartrate of, Hydrargyri 
tartras-m. Three-seeded, Acalypha Virginica. 
Mercury and Arsenic, Iodide of, Arsenic 
and Mercury, Iodide of - m. and Quinia, Proto- 
chloride of, Hydrargyri et Quiniae Protochlori- 
dum. 
MERDA, Excrement. 
MERDIVOMUS, Copremetus. 
MERDUS, Excrement. 
MERE DES PLANS, Pian. 
MEREMPIIRAX'IS, from pepos, ' a part,' and 
' obstruction.' Obstruction or infarction 
of an organ. 
MERICUS, Local. 
MERIDRO'SIS, Sudor partin'lie seu loca'lie ; 
from pepos, ' a part,' and 'ifyoxriy, ' sweating.' A 
partial perspiration. 
MERIMNA, Cura. 
MERIMNE, Cura. 
MERISIER, Prunus avium. 
MEROBALANEUM, Bath, partial. 
MEROBALNEUM, Bath, partial. 
MEROCE'LE, Miroce'le, Merorix'ie, Merorr- 
hex'ie, from pepos, ' the thigh,' and Kfhn, ' tumour;' 
Hernia cruralie seu femora'lie, Femoral or crural 
hernia, (F.) Hernie crurale ou ffmorale. In this 
hernia, the viscera issue from the abdomen 
through the crural canal; or through an opening 
immediately on the outer side of Gimbernat's 
ligament, which gives passage to lymphatic ves- 
sels. This affection is more frequent in the female 
than in the male, and especially in those who 
have had children. The tumour, formed by 
merocele, is generally small, round, and more or 
less difficult of reduction. In other respects, it 
possesses all the characters of hernia. The neck 
of the sac has, close on the outside, the epigastric 
artery; above, the spermatic cord and spermatic MEROCOXALGIA 
artery in the male - the round ligament in the 
female; on the inside, Gimbernat's ligament; 
and, below the pubes. When the obturator artery 
arises from the epigastric, it generally passes on 
the outside of and below the orifice of the sac; 
sometimes, however, it takes a turn above, and 
then to the inside of the opening. J. Cloquet 
asserts, that of 134 cases, in one only did he find 
the epigastric artery on the inside of the orifice 
of the sac. 
The operation, required in strangulation of this 
variety, may be practised on the aponeurotic 
opening, by cutting downwards and inwards, on 
the side of Gimbernat's ligament. 
MEROCOXALGIA, Coxalgia. 
MERO'PIA, from pepos, 'a part,' and 'the 
eye.' A partial obscurity of vision. 
MERORIXIS, Merocele. 
MERORRIIEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus partialis, 
Rh. loea'lis, Rh. Membro' rum singulo'rum ; from 
pepos, 'a part,' and pevpa, ' defluxion, rheumatism.' 
Rheumatism affecting a part. Topical or local 
rheumatism. 
MERORRIIEXIS, Merocele. 
MEROS, Femur, Thigh. 
MERRY-ANDREW. An itinerant quack, who 
exposes his nostrums for sale at fairs and mar- 
kets. See Charlatan.-So called from Dr. An- 
drew Boorde, who lived in the reigns of Henry 
VIII., Edward VI., and Queen Mary, and who 
was in the habit of frequenting fairs and markets 
at which be harangued the populace. 
MERULIUS AURICULA, Peziza auricula. 
MERUS, Mera'cus, A'cratos, 'pure, genuine;' 
as Vinum merum, unmixed wine. 
Merus, Femur, Thigh. 
MERVINE MALE, Cypripedium luteum. 
MERYCISMUS, Rumination. 
ME11YCOLOG"IA, from pepvKu>, 'I ruminate,' 
and Aoyor, ' a description.' Any work on rumi- 
nation may be so termed. 
MESA, Genital organs. 
MESAR2EUM, Mesentery. 
MESARAIC, Mesenteric. 
MESEMAR, Mismar. 
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM COPTICUM, see 
Soda. 
Mesembryan'themum Crystal'linum, M. 
ficoi'des, Di'amond fig-marygold, Icc-plant, (F.) 
Glaciate, Crystalline. Nat. Ord. Ficoideae: a 
plant common in the neighbourhood of Cape 
Town. It has been recommended in dysuria, 
ischuria, and some other affections of the urinary 
organs. 
Mesembryanthemum Edu'le; and M. acina- 
ciforme, South African plants, are much used as 
domestic remedies at the Cape. The expressed 
juice of the leaves acts as an astringent in dy- 
sentery, and as a mild diuretic. It is also used 
as an antiseptic gargle in malignant sore throat, 
violent salivation and aphthae, and as a lotion to 
burns and scalds. 
Mesembryan'themum ToRTUo'suM,also a South 
African plant, is said to possess narcotic proper- 
ties. x 
MESENCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons 
Varolii. 
MES'ENTERIC, Mesara'ic, Mesenter'icus, Me- 
sara'icus, Mesarce'icus; from peatvrepiov, or peaa- 
paiov, 'the mesentery.' That which relates or 
Delongs to the mesentery. 
Mesenteric Arteries are two in number, and 
distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric, 
which arises from the anterior part of the abdo- 
minal aorta, below the coeliac. It immediately 
descends to the left, forwards, behind the pan- 
creas, and in front of the third portion of the 
556 
MESENTERY 
duodenum,-to gain the superior extremity of the 
mesentery, where it makes a long curvature, the 
convexity of which is turned forwards and to the 
left. Towards the termination of the ileum, it 
ends by anastomosing with a branch of the A. 
colica dextro, inferior. At its concavity, it gives 
off the three Arterite coliete dextrte, which belong 
to the great intestine; and, at its convexity, it 
sends off fifteen or twenty branches, which are 
distributed to the small intestine, after having 
formed numerous arches by their anastomoses. 
2. The Inferior Mesenteric Artery arises from 
the anterior part of the abdominal aorta, an inch 
and a half before its termination. It descends, 
on the left side, behind the peritoneum ; engages 
itself in the substance of the iliac mesoeolon, 
forming a considerable curvature, whose con- 
vexity faces the left side. When it reaches the 
brim of the pelvis, it passes along the posterior 
separation of the mesorectum, and attains the 
neighbourhood of the anus, under the name Nu- 
perior hemorrhoidal artery. It gives off no branch 
at its concave part; but, from the convex, the 
three Arterite coliete sinistra arise. 
Mesenteric Disease, Tabes mesenterica. 
Mesenteric Glands are the lymphatic gan- 
glions of the mesentery. Through them, the 
chyliferous vessels pass to the thoracic duct. 
Their uses are unknown. When diseased, nutri- 
tion is interfered with, and atrophy produced. 
Mesenteric Hernia. If one of the layers of 
the mesentery be torn by a blow, whilst the other 
remains in its natural state, the intestines may 
insinuate themselves into the aperture, and form 
a kind of hernia. It is not known during life. 
Mesenteric Plexuses are furnished by the 
solar plexus, and have been distinguished into 
superior and inferior; like the mesenteric arte- 
ries which they accompany. 
Mesenteric or Mesaraic Veins are two in 
number, and belong to the vena porta. They 
are distinguished into, 1. The Superior mesenteric 
or mesaraic or great mesaraic. This trunk re- 
ceives, from above to below and on the right side, 
the three rente coliete dextrte and the Gastro-epi- 
ploica dextra. Into its left side, the veins of the 
small intestine open. It passes in front of the 
transverse portion of the duodenum; and, behind 
the pancreas, unites with the splenic vein to con- 
cur in the formation of the vena porta. 
The inferior or lesser mesenteric vein corre- 
sponds to the artery of the same name, and 
opens into the splenic, near the union of that 
vein with the superior mesenteric, and behind 
the pancreas. 
MESENTERIITIS, Mesenteritis. 
MESENTERI'TIS, Mesenterii'tis, Empres'ma 
peritoni'tis mesenter'ica, Enteri'tis mcsenter'ica, 
Inflamma'tion of the mesentery. The pain is here 
deeper seated and more immediately in the me- 
senteric region. The external tenderness is less 
than in some of the other varieties of peritonitis. 
See Tabes Mesenterica. 
MESENTERIUM, Mesentery - m. Crassum, 
Mesocolon. 
MESENTERON, Mesentery. 
MES'ENTERY, Mesenter' ium, Mesarai'on, 
Mesarte'um, Media'num, Membra'na piuguis in- 
testino'rum, Lactes, Mesen'teron, Meserte'um, Me- 
sorte'um, Medium intesti'num, Epichor'dis, from 
ytaof, 'in the middle,' and empov, 'intestine.' 
(F.) Misentire. A term in anatomy, applied to 
several duplicatures of the peritoneum, which 
maintain the different portions of the intestinal 
canal in their respective situations; allowing, 
however, more or less motion. They are 
formed of two laminae, between which are con- 
tained the corresponding portion of intestine and MESERA 
the vessels that pass to it. One only of these 
duplicatures has received the name mesentery, 
properly so called. This belongs to the small 
intestine, which it suspends and retains in situ. 
Its posterior margin, which is the smallest, is 
straight, and descends obliquely from the left 
side of the body of the second lumbar vertebra 
to the right iliac fossa. Its anterior margin is 
curved, undulating, plaited, and corresponds to 
the whole length of the small intestine. The 
mesentery contains, between the two laminae 
which form it, a number of lymphatic ganglions; 
the trunks and branches of the mesenteric ves- 
sels; the nervous plexuses accompanying them, 
and many lacteals and lymphatics. 
MESERA, Tutia. 
MESERA3UM, Mesentery. 
MESERAION, Mesentery. 
ME'SIAL, from yacof, ' in the middle.' Re- 
lating or appertaining to the middle. 
Mesial Plane, an imaginary plane, dividing 
the head, neck, and trunk into similar halves, 
towards right and left. Every aspect towards 
this plane is mesial; and every aspect towards 
right or left is lateral; every lateral aspect being 
dextral or sinistral. 
MESIAMUM, Aniceton. 
MESMER'IC, Mesmer' icus. Relating to mes- 
merism or animal magnetism:-as the 'mesmeric 
state,' ' mesmeric sleep,' &c. <fcc. 
MESMERISM, Magnetism, animal. 
MES'MERIST. A practiser of, or believer in, 
mesmerism. 
MESMERIZA'TION, Magnetiza'tion. The act 
of mesmerizing. The state of being mesmerized. 
MES'MERIZED, Mesmeriza'tus, Mag'netized. 
Affected with mesmerism or animal magnetism. 
When the person is in a state of ' magnetic sleep,' 
he is said to be hyp'notized. 
MES'MERIZER, An'tmaZ Magneti'zer, Mag- 
neti'zer. One who practises mesmerism. 
MESO, fuvos, 'in the middle.' A prefix to 
certain words. 
MESOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
MESOCAE'CUM. A name given to a duplica- 
ture of the peritoneum, (in some persons only,) 
at the posterior part of the caecum. 
MESOCEPHALE, Medulla oblongata, Pons 
Varolii. 
MESOCHON'DRIAC, Mesochondri'acus ; from 
fictroj, and 'cartilage.' A name given by 
Boerhaave to fleshy fibres situate between the 
cartilaginous rings of the trachea. 
MESOCOL'IC HERNIA. Hernia is so named 
by Sir Astley Cooper, when the bowels glide be- 
tween the layers of the mesocolon. 
MESOCO'LON, Mesoco'lum, Mesenter'ium cras- 
sum, from yeaos, and kuiXov, ' the colon.' A name 
given to the duplicatures of the peritoneum, 
which fix the different parts of the colon to the 
abdominal parietes. It has received different 
names, according to its situation. The right 
lumbar mesocolon fixes the ascending colon to the 
corresponding lumbar region. The transverse 
mesocolon arises from the concave arch of the 
colon, and forms a septum between the epigastric 
and umbilical regions. Its inferior portion is 
continuous with the mesentery. The left lumbar 
mesocolon, which contains the ascending colon, is 
continuous below with the Iliac mesocolon. The 
last includes between its layers the sigmoid flex- 
ure of the colon, and ends in the mesorectum. 
Under the right kidney, it is narrow and firm, 
and forms the right lig'ament of the colon: at the 
under end of the left kidney, it forms the left 
lig'ament of the colon. 
MESOCRANIUM, Sinciput. 
557 
MESPILUS 
MESOCRANUM, Sinciput. 
MESODERMUM, Corpus mucosum. 
MESODME, Mediastinum. 
MESODMI'TIS, from peaoSpr), 'the mediasti- 
num,' and itis, 'inflammation.' Mesotachi'tis, 
Mediaxtini'tin, Inflamma'tio mediasti'ni. Inflam- 
mation of the mediastinum. 
MESOGASTRIUM, Umbilical region. 
MESOGLOSSUS, Genioglossus. 
MESOGLOTTUS, Genioglossus. 
MESOGONIUM, Internodium. 
MESOLO'BAR. Belonging to the Mesolobe or 
Corpus callo'sum. 
Mesolobar Arteries, Arte'riae mesolob'icce, 
A. cor'poris callo'si cer'ebri, are the arteries of 
the corpus callosum. 
MESOLOBE, Corpus callosum. 
MESOMER'IA, from pccos, and pepos, 'the 
thigh.' The parts of the body situate between 
the thighs or hips. 
MESOMERION, Perinamm. 
MESOMPHALUM, Umbilicus. 
MESOPHLEB'IUM, from peao;, ' in the mid- 
dle,' and 'a vein/ Znteree'niwn. The space 
between two veins. 
MESOPH'RYON, Glabell'a, Gabel'la, Intercil'- 
ium, Meto'pium, Nasal eminence. The part be- 
tween the eyebrows; from pcaos, ' the middle,* 
and o<f>pva, ' the eyebroVs.' 
MESOPLEURIUM, Intercostal space. 
MESOPLEURIUS, Intercostal. 
MES0RA5UM, Mesentery. 
MESOR'CHIUM, from peaos, 'the middle,' and 
opx's, 'a testicle.' A duplicature of the perito- 
neum, which supports the testicle in its passage 
from the abdomen into the scrotum. - Seiler. 
MESOREC'TUM. A hybrid word; from petros, 
and rectum, 'the intestine rectum.' A triangular 
reflection, formed by the peritoneum, between the 
posterior surface of the rectum and the anterior 
surface of the sacrum. Between the two layers 
of which the mesorectum is composed are found 
much areolar tissue, and the termination of the 
inferior mesenteric vessels. 
MESOS, Meso. 
MESOSCELOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
MESOSCELON, Perinaeum. 
MESOSCELOPHY'MA, from Mesoscelon, 'pe- 
rinteum,' and <pvpa, ' swelling.' A tumour of the 
perinaeum. 
MESOTH'ENAR, from pcaos, and Swap, 'the 
thenar,' ' the palm of the hand.' A muscle, 
which carries the thumb towards the palm. 
Winslow applied the term to the adductor polli- 
cis, united to the deep-seated portion of the flexor 
brevis pollicis. 
MESOT'ICA, from pcaos, 'middle.' Diseases 
affecting the parenchyma. Pravity in the quan- 
tity or quality of the intermediate or connecting 
substance of organs ; without inflammation, fever, 
or other derangement of the general health. The 
first Order, class Eccritica of Good. 
MESOTCECHITIS, Mesodmitis. 
MESOTCECHIUM, Mediastinum. 
MESOTCECHUM, Mediastinum. 
MES'PILUS, Mespilus German'ica seu domes'- 
tica. The medlar, (F.) Neflier. The fruit, (F.) 
Nefle, and seeds of the medlar have both been 
used medicinally :-the immature fruit as an as- 
tringent, and the seeds in nephritic diseases. See 
Crataegus Aria and Sorbus acuparia. 
Mespilus Aria, Crataegus aria-m. Domestics, 
Mespilus, Sorbus domestica-m. Germanica, Mes- 
pilus- m. Intermedia, Mespilus oxyacantha-m. 
Laevigata, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
Mespilus Oxyacan'tha, M. Oxyacanthdi'des META 
8eu interne' dia seu laviga'ta, Oxyacantha, Spina 
alba, White Hawthorn, (F.) Aubepine. The 
flowers of this uncommon European plant are 
sometimes used in infusion as a pectoral. 
Mespilus Oxyacanthoides, Mespilus oxya- 
cantha. 
META, pt.ra, Meth', /id)', 'with,* 'together 
with,' ' after,' ' change of form and place.' A 
common prefix to words. Hence: 
METAB'ASIS, Tran'situs, Metab'ole, Meta- 
bol'ia, Metal'lage, Metallax' is, from 
' I digress.' A change of remedy, practice, Ac. 
-Hippocrates. 
METABOLE, Metabasis, Transformation. 
METABOLEL'OGY, Metabolelog" ia; from 
ncrajiohn, 'change,' and Xo/os, 'a description.' 
A description of the changes which supervene in 
the course of a disease. 
METABOLIA, Metabasis. 
METABOL'IC, Metabol'icus, from pcra(lo\n, 
' change.' Appertaining to change or transfor- 
mation. 
Metabol'ic Force. A term employed by 
Schwann for the power possessed by living cells 
of changing the character of the substances 
brought in contact with them. 
METACAR'PAL, Metacarpia'nus, (F.) M(ta- 
carpien. Relating or belonging to the meta- 
carpus. 
Metacarpal Artery, Arte'ria dorsa'lis meta- 
car'pi, arises from the radial, at the moment it 
engages itself in the upper extremity of the ab- 
ductor indicis. It descends obliquely upon the 
back of the hand. Its branches are distributed 
to the abductor indicis, and the integuments: 
some communicate with the dorsalis carpi. 
Metacarpal Articula'tions are those by 
which the last four metacarpal bones are united 
together at their upper extremity. 
Metacarpal Bones, or bones which compose 
the metacarpus, are five in number; and distin- 
guished into first, second, third, Ac., beginning 
from the outer or radial side. They are articu- 
lated by their superior extremity with the bones 
of the second range of the carpus; and by the 
lower with the first phalanges. 
Metacarpal Lig'ament, Infe'riorpalmar Lig'- 
ament, is a fibrous band, stretched transversely 
before the inferior extremities of the last four 
metacarpal bones, which it keeps in their respec- 
tive positions. 
Metacarpal Phalan'ges are the first pha- 
langes of the fingers; so called, because they 
are articulated with the bones of the metacarpus. 
Metacarpal Range or row of the carpal 
bones, (F.) Uangte metacarpienne du carpe, is 
the lower row of carpal bones ; so called because 
they are articulated with the bones of the meta- 
carpus. It is composed of the trapezium, trape- 
zoides, magnum, and unciforme. 
METACARPEUS, Abductor metacarpi minimi 
digiti. 
METACARPIEN, Metacarpal - m. du Petit 
doigt, Opponens minimi digiti-«i. du Pouce, Op- 
ponens pollicis. 
METACARPION, Metacarpus. 
METACARP0-PHALANGA1US POLLICIS, 
Adductor pollicis manus. 
METACAR'PO-PHALAN'GIAN, Metacarpo- 
phalangia'nus, Mctacarpo-phal'angal, (F.) Meta- 
carpo-phalangien. That which belongs to the 
metacarpus and phalanges. 
Metacarpo-Phalangian or Metacarpo-Pha- 
j angal Articulations are formed by the bones 
of the metacarpus a».d the corresponding pha- 
langes. In these articulations, the bony surfaces 
are incrusted with cartilage, covered by a syno- 
558 
METAMORPHOPSIA 
vial membrane, and kept in connexion by means 
of an anterior and two lateral ligaments. 
MET AC A RPO-PHALANGIEN LA TER AL 
SUS-PALMAIRE, ET METACARPO-PHA- 
LANG1EN LATERAL, Interosseus manus. 
METACAR'PUS, from yera, 'after/ and car- 
pus, 'the wrist/ Metacar'pion, Pottbra'chia'le, 
Postcar'pium, Torus manus, (F.) Metacarpe. The 
part of the hand comprised between the carpus 
and fingers. It is composed of five parallel bones, 
called metacarpal; forming the back of the hand, 
externally, and the palm internally. 
METACERASMA, Cerasma. 
METACHEIRIXIS, Surgery. 
METACHIRISIS, Surgery. 
METACHIRISMUS, Surgery. 
METACHORESIS, Metastasis. 
METACINEMA, Metastasis. 
METACINESIS, Metastasis. 
METACONDYLE, see Phalanx. 
METACYE'SIS, from fura, ' after/ and xer/ait, 
' pregnancy / Gravid'itas extra-uteri'na secunda'- 
ria. Extra-uterine pregnancy in which the foetus 
is at first in the uterus, but subsequently in some 
other place. 
METADERMATO'SIS, from /lira, 'after/ and 
Scpiia, ' skin.' A morbid development of the epi- 
dermis or epithelium. 
METAL, Metal'lum. A class of simple, com- 
bustible bodies; distinguished from others by 
considerable specific gravity; a particular splen- 
dour; almost total opacity; insolubility in water; 
and the property they have of ringing when 
struck. Metals have no effect, except of a me- 
chanical nature, when taken into the stomach ; 
unless they have already undergone, or undergo 
in the stomach, oxidation or union with (ui acid; 
when several most deleterious compounds may 
be formed. Copper cents ; half-pence ; quicksil- 
ver ; lead, have frequently been swallowed in the 
metallic state with impunity. Tin and mercury 
are the only metals prescribed for a mechanical 
effect; the former as an anthelmintic, - the lat- 
ter, idly enough, in cases of fancied intussuscep- 
tion. 
METAL DES CLOCHES, Bell-metal. 
METALLAGE, Metabasis. 
METALLAXIS, Metallage. 
METALLIC VOICE, Tintement mttailique. 
METALLODYN'IA, from /uraXXov, ' a metal/ 
and oiwri, ' pain.' Pain owing to the injurious 
influence of a metal-as lead, quicksilver, &c. 
METALLUM, Metal - m. Hsematopoieticum, 
Ferrum. 
METAMORPHOP' SIA, Phantasmascop' ia, 
Phantasmatoscop'ia, from paraiioptpow, (ptra, and 
pop<pr), 'form,) 'I transform/ and 'the eye/ 
Suffu'sio, Suffu'sio Oculo'rum, Suffu'sio metamor- 
pho'sis, S. Myo'des, Imagination (Maitre-Jean); 
Crupsia, Marmar'yge, Marmor'yge, Modules ante 
oc'ulos volitan'tes, Marau'gia, Oc'uli marmary- 
go'des, False sight, (F.) Berlue. Aberration of 
the sense of sight, which transmits the image of 
imaginary objects. This affection sometimes de- 
pends on a slight opacity in the transparent parts 
of the eye; the cornea, crystalline, or vitreous 
humour, when it is symptomatic and of no con- 
sequence. At other times, it appears to be idio- 
pathic ; and occurs particularly in those who 
have been in the habit of constantly fixing their 
eyes on very brilliant or small bodies. The ob- 
jects fancied to be seen are various. They are 
sometimes circular, perpetually moving, or shin- 
ing or black spots, cobwebs, insects, or pieces of 
wood-when they are often termed Muscce. voli- 
tan'tes, (F.) Mouches volantes, and the condition METAMORPHOSIS 
Visits musca'rum, Scotom'ata, Suffu'sio Myo'des, 
Myiodeop'sia, Myodeopsia, Visus musca'rum. 
These appearances sometimes continue for a few 
days; being dependent on the state of the nerves 
of the individual at the time; or they may exist 
for life, and ultimately impair the sight. Certain 
of them change their position, and appear to be 
seated in the humours of the eye, and - it has 
been supposed - in the vitreous humour more 
especially: hence the term entohy'aloid musca 
applied to them. 
If the affection be symptomatic, it is of but 
little moment. If idiopathic, and connected with 
any excitement of the brain, which is not often 
the case, attention will have to be paid to that 
organ. 
METAMORPHOSIS VENTRICULI GELA- 
TINIFORMIS, Gastromalacia. 
METANGISMOS, Decantation. 
METAPEDIUM, Metatarsus. 
METAPHRENON, Dorsum. 
METAPHYTEIA, Transplantatio. 
METAPODIUM, Metatarsus. 
METAPOROPtE'IA, Metaporopoie'sis, from 
ytra, 'after,' iropoi, ' a pore,' and noteiv, 'to make.' 
The change produced in the minute pores, in the 
capillary extremities of vessels,-when they pass 
from the morbid to the healthy condition.-Galen. 
METAPTO'SIS, Metaschematis'mus, Metasche- 
mat' isis. Mutation, change ; from pcraimtru, 
(p-tra, and thjttw, 'I fall,) 'I digress.' Any 
change in the form or seat of a disease. Trans- 
formation. 
METARRHCE'A, Metar'rhysis, from meta, 
' change of form or place,' and pew, ' I flow.' Re- 
flux. The transfer of a disease from without to 
within, or from one part to another. 
METARRHYSIS, Metarrhoea. 
METASCHEMATISIS, Metaptosis. 
METASCHEMATISMUS, Metaptosis. 
METAS'TASIS, Metachore'sis, Metacine'ma, 
Metacine'sis, from pediary/ii, (para, and craves, 
place,') ' I change place.' diisplace'ment, Trans- 
la'tion. A change in the seat of a disease; at- 
tributed, by the Humorists, to the translation of 
the morbific matter to a part different from that 
which it had previously occupied: and by the 
Solidists, to the displacement of the irritation. 
It has also been used in the same extensive sense 
as Metaptosis. Disputes have often been in- 
dulged, whether a case of metastasis ought not 
rather to be esteemed one of extension of the dis- 
ease. The phenomena of gout and acute rheu- 
matism are in favour of metastasis occasionally 
supervening. 
Metastasis Lactis, Galactoplania, Phlegma- 
tia dolens. 
METASTAT'IC, Metastat'icus. Belonging or- 
relating to metastasis. A metastatic crisis is one 
produced by metastatis; - a metastatic affection, 
one caused by metastasis, <tc. See Abscess, me- 
tastatic. 
METASYN'CRISIS, from avyKptvut, ' I com- 
pose,' and ptra, which indicates a change. Ile- 
composV'tion. A word employed by some disciples 
of Aselepiades. This physician supposed, that 
all animals are formed by the union or assem- 
blage of atoms. He designated all bodies by the 
word evyteptyara, which signifies ' assemblage.' 
XvyKptvcc&ai, ' to be assembled,' was, with him, 
synonymous with 'to exist;' and iiaspivtaSat, 'to 
separate,' was, with him, synonymous with 'to 
dissolve,' ' to cease to exist.' The word Metasyn- 
crisis was invented to express the recomposition 
of bodies after their momentary dissolution. 
Some have rendered the word by the Latin lle- 
corpora'tio. 
559 
METEOROLOGY 
METASYNCRIT'IC, Metaeyncrit'icuB, Recor- 
porati'vus. Belonging or relating to metasyncri- 
sis. A name formerly given to medicines to 
which was attributed the virtue of producing the 
metasyncrisis or regeneration of the body, or 
some of its parts. 
Metasyncritic Cycle meant a determinate 
series of remedies employed for this purpose. 
METATAR'SAL, Metatar'seus, (F.) Metatar- 
Bien. Relating or belonging to the metatarsus. 
Metatarsal Artery, Artdre BUB-mitatarsienne 
of Chaussier, arises from the Arteria dorsa'lis 
Tarsi; passes transversely over the back of the 
foot; and furnishes, at its convexity, which is 
anterior, three branches, called A. interos'sece 
dorsa'les Pedis. These branches are distributed 
in the interosseous spaces. 
Metatarsal Articula'tions are those result- 
ing from the junction of the metatarsal bones 
with each other. They are strengthened, behind, 
by dorsal and plantar ligaments; and before, by 
a transverse metatarsal liyament, which is plantar, 
and has the greatest analogy to the inferior trans- 
verse metacarpal ligament. 
Metatarsal Bones, (F.) Os mitataraiens, are 
five in number, and distinguished by their num- 
ber ; first, second, third, &c., reckoning from the 
outer side. 
Metatarsal Phalanges are the first pha- 
langes of the toes; so called because they are 
united to the metatarsus. 
Metatarsal Row-(F.) Rangee metatarsienne 
- of the bones of the tarsus, is the second row, 
or that contiguous to the metatarsus; compre- 
hending the cuboides and three cuneiform bones: 
some add the scaphoides. 
METATARSEUS, see Abductor minimi digiti 
pedis. 
METATARSIEN, Metatarsal. 
METATARSO - PIIALAN 'GIAN, Metatarso- 
phalangia'nus, Metatarso-phalangal. Relating 
to the metatarsus and phalanges. 
Metatarso-Phalangian or Metatarso-pha- 
langal Articulations are formed by the bones 
of the metatarsus and the corresponding pha- 
langes. They bear the greatest analogy to the 
metacarpo-phalangian articulations. 
META TARSO-PHALANGIEN-LA TER AL, 
see Interossei pedis - m. Sous-phalangien trans- 
versal du premier orteil, Transversus pedis. 
METATAR'SUS, Metatar'sium, Metope'dium, 
Metapo'dium, Pracor' dium seu So'lium pedis, 
Vestig"ium pedis, from gera, 'after,' and rapaos, 
'the tarsus.' That part of the foot which is situ- 
ate between the tarsus and toes, corresponding 
with the metacarpus. It is composed of five pa- 
rallel bones ; one to each toe. Like the metacar- 
pal bones, they are developed from two points of 
ossification. 
METATII'ESIS, from /leraTiSngi, (pcra, and 
ridnpi, 'to place,') 'I change place.' Transpo- 
sit"io. An operation, by which a morbific agent 
is removed from one place to another, where it 
may produce less disturbance in the exercise of 
the functions:-as, for example, in the operation 
of depressing cataract, or when calculus in the 
urethra is pushed back into the bladder. Also, 
Derivation. 
METATIO, Mensuration. 
METATOC'IA, from yera, ' change of form or 
place,' and tokos, ' birth.' Parturition in a pre- 
ternatural manner. Preternatural labour. 
METATOPTOSIS, Diadexis. 
METENSOMATOSUS, Incorporation. 
METEORISMUS, Sublimation, Tympanites. 
METEOROL'OGY, Meteorolog"ia, from ps 
rtotfos, 'a meteor,' and \oyos, 'a discourse.' The METER 
science, whose object is a knowledge of the ori- 
gin, formation, appearance, <fcc. of meteors. The 
state of the atmosphere has a most important 
bearing upon the health of animals. The whole 
range of epidemic affections have their causes 
seated there. Meteorological affections have, 
hence, ever been attended to by the physician for 
the purpose of detecting the precise character of 
any particular epidemic influence. The barome- 
ter, thermometer, and hygrometer are the instru- 
ments used with this intent - to detect, as well 
the varying weight or pressure, and the tempera- 
rature, as the moisture. Perhaps, of the three 
conditions, the last exerts more influence in the 
production of disease than either of the others. 
Our knowledge, however, of this part of physics 
is extremely limited and unsatisfactory. 
METER, fierpov, ' a measure,' a suffix to words 
denoting ' a measure,' as in Barometer, Plexime- 
ter, <tc. 
METHjEMACHYMIA, Transfusion. 
METHJE'MATA ; from yd)', ' change of form,' 
and 'aiya, ' blood.' The capillary or intermediate 
system of vessels in which the blood undergoes 
the change from venous to arterial, and converse- 
ly.- Marshall Hall. See Capillary vessels. 
METHE, Temulentia. 
METHEGLIN, Melizomum. 
METHEMERINUS, Quotidian. 
METHOD, Meth'odus, from #e 'with,' and 
ro<5o;, ' way.' This word has different acceptations 
in the sciences. In medicine, curative method, 
meth'odus meden'di, is the methodical treatment 
of disease. 
Method of Counting, Method, numerical. 
Method, Mariano's, see Lithotomy. 
Method, Numer'ical, Method of Observation 
or of Counting, of Louis, (F.) Methode num&rique, 
consists in observing every case and every symp- 
tom of a case numerically, so as to ensure, as far 
as practicable, accuracy of observation; and to 
enable us, by the analysis and collation of such 
facts, to deduce general laws and conclusions. 
Also, the application of numbers to the study of 
disease. See Statistics, Medical. 
METHODE NUMERIQUE, Method, nume- 
rical, Statistics, medical-m. Perturbatrice, Per- 
turbatrix (Medicina.) 
METHODICS, Methodists. 
METHODIQUES, Methodists. 
METH'ODISTS, Method'ical sect, Method'ics, 
(F.) Methodistes, Methodiques. A sect of physi- 
cians whose doctrine was in vogue after that of 
the Empirics and Dogmatists, towards the end of 
the first century. According to the Methodists, 
of whom Themison was the chief, almost every 
disease is dependent on contraction or relaxa- 
tion- strictum or laxum. To these two causes, 
they added a third-mixed or compound,-to in- 
clude those affections which partook of the two 
characters. The doctrine, medici'na method'ica, 
resembled, in some respects, that of Brown. 
ME TII0D 0 L'0GY (MEDICAL),Methodo- 
lofiaMed'ica, from /zc0o<5oj, 'method,' and Aoyoy, 
'a discourse.' A word used, by the French more 
especially, to signify method applied to the study 
of any science. Medical Methodology, conse- 
quently, means method applied to the study of 
medicine. 
METHODES CATALEPTICA, see Cataleptic 
- m. Celsiana, see Lithotomy - m. Curatoria, 
Therapeutics. 
Methodus Derivato'ria. The derivative or 
revellent system of treatment. 
Methodus Endermat'ica seu Enderm'ica, see 
Fndermic - m. Franconiana, see Lithotomy - 
560 
METRIOPATHIA 
m. Guytoniana, see Lithotomy - m. Medendi, 
Method of cure, Therapeutics. 
METHOMA'NIA, from pcdn, 'drunkenness/ 
and pavia, 'mania.' An irresistible desire for in- 
toxicating substances. Temulentia. 
METHYSMUS, Temulentia. 
METHYS'TICUS, from ptOrj, 'drunkenness.' 
That which causes, or pertains to, drunkenness. 
METHYSTOPHYL'LUM GLAUCUM. 
A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Amyridaceae, 
an infusion of whose leaves is pleasant to the 
taste, and is used in bronchitis, asthma, and other 
thoracic diseases. With the Bushmen and others, 
it is a favourite beverage, and is called by them 
Boschjesmansthee, 'Bushman's tea.' It is, also, 
chewed. 
METODONTI'ASIS, from ptra, 'in the sense 
of change,' and oiovriaais, 'dentition.' Faulty 
development of the teeth. 
METOPAGES, Symphyocephalus. 
METOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
METOPANTRAL'GIA, from perw-rrov (pcra, 
and ui, 'the eye') ' the forehead,' arrpov, 'a ca- 
vity,' and aXyoi, 'pain.' Pain in the frontal 
sinuses. 
METOPANTRI'TIS, Inflamma'tio si'nuum 
fronta'lium, from pcrunrov, 'the forehead,' avrpov, 
' a cavity,' and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the frontal sinuses. 
METOPION, Bubon galbanum. 
METOPIUM, Mesophryon. 
METOPODYNIA, Neuralgia frontalis. 
METOPON, Front, Frontal bone. 
METOPOS'COPY, M etoposcop'ia, from pcruirov, 
'the forehead,' and ckoiuiv, 'to view.' The art 
of knowing the temperament and character of a 
person by inspecting the traits of his forehead or 
face. See Physiognomy. 
METRA, Uterus. 
METRJEMORRIIAGIA, Metrorrhagia. 
METRAL'GIA, Metrodyn'ia, from pyrpa, 'the 
womb,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the uterus. 
METRANASTROPHE, Uterus, inversion of 
the. 
METRATRE'SIA, Imperfora'tio u'teri, from 
prjrpa 'the womb,' and arpwia, 'imperforation.' 
An unnatural closure of the uterus. 
METRATROPII'IA, from pnrpa, ' the uterus/ 
a, ' privative/ and rpoijoi, ' nourishment.' Atro- 
phy or want of development of the uterus. 
METRAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia seu Sarco'sit 
u'teri, from pnrpa, 'the uterus/ and avl-t), 'in- 
crease.' Hypertrophy of the uterus. 
METRELCO'SIS, Metrhelco'sis, from pip-pa, 
'the womb/ and 'cXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration 
of the uterus. 
METREMPHRAX'IS, from pip-pa, 'theuterus/ 
and ip<[>pa<!c<i>, 'I obstruct.' Obstruction of the 
womb or of the vessels of the womb-Infarc'tus 
u'teri. A name under which some authors have 
confounded chronic inflammation of that viscus, 
and the different degenerations to which it is 
exposed. 
METREMPHYSEMA, Physometra. 
METREN'CHYTA, Metren' chytes, from pr/rpa, 
'the uterus/ and ryyyui, 'I inject.' Injection of 
the uterus. Substances injected into the uterus 
are called Metren'chyta. 
METREURYS'MA, from prp-pa, and cvpvs, 'di- 
lated.' A morbid dilatation of the womb. 
METRHELCOSIS, Metrelcosis. 
METRHYMENITIS, see Metritis. 
METRIOPATHI'A, from ptrpios, 'tempered/ 
and vaSos, ' affection.' State of an individual 
whose passions are temperate. METRITIS 
METRI'TIS, from pnrpa, ' the womb.' Febria 
uttri'na, Hysteri'tia, Empres' ma Hysteri'tis, In- 
flamma'tio U'teri, M<etroph.logo'sis, Inflammation 
of Me Uterua or IFomft, (F.) Inflammation de la 
matrice. The characteristic symptoms of this 
affection are: - pain, swelling, and tenderness in 
the hypogastric region; with heat, pain, and ten- 
derness of the os uteri; vomiting, smallness, and 
frequency of pulse. It occurs most frequently 
after delivery, when there is generally suppression 
of the lochial discharge. The treatment must be 
vigorous, - bleeding early, so as to make a de- 
cided impression; followed by a full dose of 
opium, fomentations, blisters, <fcc. 
Acute inflammation of the womb, seated in its 
internal membrane, Endo-metri'tie,Metrhymen'itis, 
has been called Inflamma'tio catarrha'I is u'teri or 
Acute catarrh, (F.) Catarrhe aigu, of that viscus. 
It is known by the discharge of a clear, stringy 
fluid per vaginam; preceded by pains, which, 
from the hypogastric region, shoot to the thighs, 
groins, <tc.. with more or less fever. It requires 
the antiphlogistic treatment. Chronic metritis 
sometimes succeeds the acute. To it must be 
referred the indurations, observed in the uterus, 
and many of the leucorrheal discharges to which 
females are subject. 
Metritis Rheumatica, Metrorrheuma-m. 
Septica, Metrocace - m. Venosa, see Phlebitis. 
METROBLENNORRIHEA, Leucorrhoea uteri. 
METROC'ACE, Metri'tis sep'tica, from pr/rpa, 
'the womb,' and kokos, 'evil.' Putrescency or 
gangrene of the uterus. 
METROCAMPSIS, Hysteroloxia. 
METROC ARCING'M A, Hysterocarcino' - 
ma, U'teri carcino'ma. Cancer u'teri, from pnrpa, 
'the uterus,' and Kapiavwpa, 'cancer.' Cancer of 
the uterus. 
METROCELIDES, Nrevus. 
METROCIIOLO'SIS, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,' 
and 'bile.' Febris puerpera'lis bilio'sa. 
METRODYNIA, Metralgia. 
METROHjE'MIA, Hypermetrohemie, from prj- 
rpa, 'the uterus,' and 'aipa, 'blood,' Hypertemia 
or congestion of blood in the uterus. 
METROHEMORRHAGE, Metrorrhagia. 
METROLOXIA, Hysteroloxia. 
METROMALACOMA, Hysteromalacia. 
METROMALACOSIS, Hysteromalacia. 
METROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
METROPARAL'YSIS, from prprpa, 'the ute- 
rus,' and rapaXvais, 'paralysis.' Paralysis of the 
uterus. 
METROPATHI'A, from pnrpa, 'the womb,' 
and naOot, ' affection.' An affection of the womb. 
ME TR 0 - PERITONITE P UERPERALE, 
see Peritonitis. 
METROPERITONI'TIS, from yrrepa, ' the ute- 
rus,'and 'peritonitis.' Inflamma'tio u'teri et peri- 
toneti. Inflammation of the uterus and perito- 
neum. Puerperal Fever. See Peritonitis. 
METROPHLEBI'TIS, 'the uterus,' 
'a vein,' and denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the veins of the uterus. 
Metrophlebitis Puerperalis, see Phlebitis. 
METROPHLOGOSIS, Metritis. 
METROPHTHI'SIS, Phthi'aia uteri'na, from 
uTjrpa, ' the uterus,' and ' I consume.' Con- 
sumption from ulceration of the uterus-Ul'cera 
seu He.lco'eia u'teri. 
METROPOL'YPUS, Hye'tero-pol'ypus, Poly- 
pus U'teri, from pnrpa, ' the uterus,' and polypus. 
Polypus of the uterus. 
METROPROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
METROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
561 
METROSCOPE 
METRORRIIAG"IA, Metrcrmorrhag"ia, H<b- 
morrhagia uteri'na, H. u'tcri, Sanguiflux'ue ute- 
ri'nus, San'guinis still ic id'i uni ah U'tero, Fluor 
uteri'ni san'guinis, Proflu'vium San'guiuis ex u'te- 
ro, Hysterorrhag" ia sanguin'ea, Hysterorrhoe'a, 
Hamorrhoe'a uteri'na (of some),Menorrhag"ia(oi 
some), Uterine Hemorrhage, Hemorrhage from the 
Womb, Metrohemorrhage, Hoematome'tra, Hcema- 
toma'tra, (F.) Hemorrhagie de la Matrice, Pertes, 
Pertes utfrines rouges, P. de sang; from pr/rpa. 
'the womb,' and piryvvpi, 'I break forth.' An 
etfusion of blood from the inner surface of the 
uterus, either at the menstrual or other periods; 
but in a greater quantity than proper. Uterine 
hemorrhage may be caused by those influences 
which produce hemorrhage in general. It hap- 
pens, however, more frequently during pregnancy, 
and during or after delivery, when the vascular 
system of the uterus is so circumstanced as to 
favour its occurrence more than at other periods. 
The termination of metrorrhagia is usually fa- 
vourable. Should it, however, be very copious, 
or frequently recur; or should it happen to a 
great extent after delivery, death may occur very 
speedily; and, in some cases, without the dis- 
charge being perceptible; constituting internal 
hemorrhage. 
Uterine hemorrhage may be active or passive; 
requiring obviously a different treatment. The 
general management is similar to that of hemor- 
rhage in general; - the horizontal posture; acid 
drinks; free admission of cool air; cold applica- 
tions to the loins, thighs, and abdomen ; injection 
of cold water, even of iced water, into the vagina; 
plugging the vagina, so as to prevent the dis- 
charge per vaginain, and thus induce a coagulum 
in the mouths of the bleeding vessel. Such will 
be the special plan adopted where the hemorrhage 
has occurred in one not recently delivered. In 
uterine hemorrhage after delivery, the same cool- 
ing plan must be followed; but, as the flow of 
blood is owing to the uterus not contracting so 
as to constringe its vessels, pressure must be 
made on the abdomen to aid this; and, if neces- 
sary, the hand must be introduced into the uterus 
to stimulate it to contraction. Should the female 
be excessively reduced, so as to render the accou- 
cheur apprehensive that she may expire from loss 
of blood, brandy may be exhibited. The profuse 
exhibition of opium in such cases, is, at least, a 
doubtful plan. 
Transfusion has, at times, been practised as a 
last resource. 
METRORRIIEU'MA, Rheumatis'mus U'teri, 
Hysteral'gia rheumat'ica seu catarrha'lis, Metri'- 
tis rheumat'ica, (F.) Hheumatisme de Vuterus; 
from pnrpa, 'the womb,' and ptipa, 'defluxion,' 
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the uterus. 
METRORRHEXIS, Uterus, rupture of the. 
METRORRHCE'A, from pnTpa, 'the uterus,' 
and ptw, 'I flow.' A protracted discharge of any 
fluid from the uterus. 
METROSCIR'RHUS, Hysteroscir'rhus, Scir- 
rhus seu Carcino'ma u'tcri, from ynrpa, 'the 
womb,' and asippof, 'scirrhus.' Scirrhus of the 
uterus. 
MET'ROSCOPE, Metroecop'ium, from ynrpa, 
'the uterus,' and asoncm, 'to view.' An instru- 
ment, invented by M. Nauche, for listening to 
the sounds of the heart of the foetus in utero- 
gestation, when the sounds and movements are 
imperceptible through the parietes of the abdo- 
men. The extremity of the instrument - the 
first notion of which was given to M. Nnuche by 
the stethoscope of Laennec - is introduced into 
the vagina and applied against the neck of the 
uterus. METROSIDEROS 
METROSIDEROS GUMMIFERA, see Kino. 
METROSTERE'SIS, from pnrpa, 'the uterus,' 
and artprjcif, ' privation.' Extirpation of the ute- 
rus. Want of uterus. 
METROTOMIA, Caesarean section. 
MEU, JEthusa meum. 
ME ULIE RE, Molar. 
MEUM, zEthusa meum - m. Anethifolium, 
zEthusa meum - in. Athamanticum, uEthusa 
meum. 
MEURTRISSURE, Contusion. 
MEVIUM, Syphilis. 
MEZEA, Genital organs. 
MEZEKEON, Daphne mezereum. 
MIAMMA, Miasma. 
MIANSIS, Miasma. 
MIARIA, Miasma. 
MIAS'MA, Miasm, piaapa, 'a stain,' from piai- 
v<i>, 'I contaminate.' Miam'ma, Mian'sis, Mia'ria, 
Mias'mus, Inquinamen' turn, Moly n' sis, Conta'gium. 
The word miasm has, by some, been employed 
synonymously with contagion. It is now used 
more definitely for any emanation, either from 
the bodies of the sick, or from animal and vege- 
table substances, or from the earth, especially in 
marshy districts, (Marsh poison, Efflu'vium pa- 
ins'tre, Gas pains'tre, (F.) Intoxication des Ma- 
rais,} which may exert a morbid influence on 
those who are exposed to its action. To these 
terrestrial emanations - the Koino-mias'mata of 
Dr. E. Miller, of New York - the Italians give 
the name aria cattiva, but, more commonly, ma- 
la'ria; a word which has been adopted into 
other languages. The deleterious effluvia, origi- 
nating from the decomposition of matter derived 
from the human body, have been called by Dr. 
Miller, Idiomias'mata; the epithets Koino and 
Idio being derived respectively from koivos, 'com- 
mon,' and ihos, 'personal.' Of the miasms which 
arise either from the animal body or from the 
most unhealthy situations, we know, chemically, 
nothing. All that we do know is, that, under 
such circumstances, emanations take place, capa- 
ble of causing disease in many of those who are 
exposed to their action. 
MIASMAT'IC, Miasmat'icus. Belonging or 
relating to miasmata. Sauvages, in his classifi- 
cation of diseases according to their etiology, has 
a class under the name Morbi miasmat'ici. A 
fever that arises from marsy miasms, is styled 
mala'rions, palu'dal, Helop'yra, Helopyr'etus, Ac. 
MIASMUS, Miasma. 
MICA5 PANIS, see Triticum. 
MICATIO CORDIS, Systole. 
MICHE'LIA CHAM'PACA, Champaca, Mi- 
chelia Tsjampaca. An Oriental tree, much prized 
for the odour and beauty of its flowers. The oily 
infusion of the flowers is employed in the Moluc- 
cas in headach. 
MICLE'TA: A medicine used by Mesue for 
arresting hemorrhage; perhaps, according to 
Siebenhaar, from the Arabic, michnata, " proved 
by experience." 
MICOSIS, Framboesia. 
MICRENCEPHALIUM, Cerebellum. 
MICRENCEPIIALON, Cretinism. 
MICRENCEPHALUM, Cerebellum. 
MICROCEPII'ALUS, Microcra'nius, from 
sixpos, 'small,' and Kc<l>aXri, 'head.' One who has 
a small head. A monster having a small imper- 
fect head, or a small imperfect cranium. 
MICROCORIA, Myosis. 
MI'CROCOSM, Microcos'mus, from piKpos, 
' little,' and Kuapos, ' world.' A little world. 
Some philosophers have given this appellation to 
man, whom they consider as the epitome of all 
562 
MIDWIFERY 
that is admirable in the world. The world they 
call Macrocosm. 
MICROCOSMETOR, Vital principle. 
MICROCOSM'ICA MACHI'NA. The organ- 
ism of man. 
Microcosmica Scientia, Physiology. 
Microcosmicum Sal, with the ancients meant 
the salts of the urine, - Sal uri'na. 
MICROCOSMOGRAPHIA, Physiology. 
MICROCOUST'IC, Microcus'ticux, from pixpof, 
'small,' and okovw, 'I hear.' This word, as well 
as Microphonous, from puicpot, ' small,' and (puiir), 
' voice,' means any thing that contributes to in- 
crease the intensity of sound - as the speaking 
trumpet - by collecting the sonorous rays. 
MICROCRANIUS, Microcephalus. 
MICROGLOS'SIA, from pispot, 'small,' and 
y\<»aaa, ' tongue.' Original smallness of tongue. 
MICROLEUCONYMPHjEA, Nymphaea alba- 
MICROM'ELUS, Hemim'eles, from yispos, 
1 small,' and pz\ot, ' a limb.' A monster having 
imperfectly developed extremities. 
MICROMMATUS, Microphthalmus. 
MICROPHONOUS, Microcoustic. 
MICROPIITIIAL'MUS, Microm'matus, from 
fiixpos, 'little,' and otpSaXpo;, 'eye.' One who has 
small eyes. A monster with too small, or imper- 
fectly developed eyes. A small eye, - Ophthal- 
mia!'ium, Oph thal' in iu in. 
MICROPODIA, Micropus. 
MICROPROSO'PUS, Aproso'pus, from piicpos, 
'small,' and irpoawrov, 'face.' A monster in which 
a part of the face is absent. 
MI'CROPUS, from yispof, 'small,' and irovs, 
'foot.' One who has small feet. The condition 
is called Micropo'dia. 
MICROR'CHIDES; from pispo;, 'small,'and 
opxu, 'a testicle.' They who have very small 
testicles. 
MI'CROSCOPY, Microscop'ium; from piKpot, 
' small,' and cTcori?, ' a view.' Observation by the 
microscope; an important agency in the exami- 
nation of the healthy and morbid tissues. 
MICROSPIIYC'TUS, same etymon as the 
next. One who has a small pulse. 
MICROSPHYX'IA, from pispos, and a<pvypos> 
' pulse.' Smallness or weakness of pulse. 
MICROS'TOMUS; from pixpos, 'small,' and 
aropa, ' mouth.' One who has a small mouth. 
MICROTE'SIA, Par'tium organica'rvm par'- 
vitas morbo'sa; from piKporris, 'smallness.' Mor- 
bid smallness of organic parts. 
MICROTRAPEZIA, Leptotrophia. 
MICROTRICH'IA; from pixpos, 'small,' and 
' hair.' Fineness or shortness of hair. 
MICROTROPIIIA, Leptotrophia. 
MICTIO, Micturition - m. Cruenta, Ilaematu- 
ria-m. Inopportuna, Enuresis-m. Involuntaxia, 
Enuresis - m. Sanguinea, Hsematuria. 
MICTION, Micturition. 
MICTURIT"ION, Mic'tio, Mictus, Ure'sis, 
Uri'asis, Omidle'sis, (F.) Miction, from micturio, 
' I make water.' The act of making water. Also, 
morbid frequency of passing the water. 
MICTUS, Micturition - m. Cruentus, Hmm- 
turia. 
MIDRIFF, Diaphragm. 
MIDWIFE, from mid, 'with,' and pip, 'wife,' 
or, from mi8, 'meed,' 'recompense,' and pip, 
'wife.' Jfatro'na, Obstet'rix, Hypere'tria, Maa, 
Maas, Mau'tria, Aces'toris, Aces'tris, Aces'tria, 
(F.) Sage femme, Accoucheuse. A female who 
practises obstetrics. 
MIDWIFERY, Obstetrics. M1EL 
FUEL, Mel-m. d' Acltate de Cuivre, Linimen- 
tum reruginis- in. Mercuriale compost, Mellitum 
de mercuriali compositum. 
MIEUTER, Accoucheur. 
MIGMA, Mistura, 
MIG PAINE, Hemicrania. 
MIGRAN A, Hemicrania. 
MIKANIA GUAC'O, Guaco. 
MILFOIL, Achillea millefolium. 
MILIAIRE, Miliary fever. 
MILIARIA, Miliary fever-tn. Sudans, Mi- 
liary fever - m. Sudatoria, Miliary fever. 
MILIARIS SUDATORIA, Sudor anglicus, S. 
picardicus. 
MIL'IARY (FEVER,) Emphly'sis milia'ria, 
Miliaria, M. sudans, Milia'ria, M. sudato'ria, 
Sudor, S. milia'ria, Pap'ula milia'ria, Febria mi- 
liaria, Exanthe'ma miliaria, Syn'ochus miliaria, 
Aapre'do milia'cea, Febria eaaero'aa, F. puncticu- 
la'ria, F. culicula' ria, F. veaicula'ria, F. lenticu- 
la'ria, Pur'pura puerpera'rum, P. milia'ria, Fe- 
bria purpura'te rubra et alba milia'ria, Pap'ula 
sudo'ria, Millet-aeed raah, (F.) Miliaire, Millet, 
Pourpre blanc, Millet. It is so called from the 
eruption resembling the seed of the milium or 
millet. Fever, accompanied by an eruption of 
small, red, isolated pimples, rarely confluent, but 
almost always very numerous, slightly raised 
above the skin, and presenting, at the end of 24 
hours, a small vesicle filled with a white transpa- 
rent fluid; which quickly dries up, and separates 
in the form of scales. Miliary fever is now rare, 
in consequence of the cooling practice in fevers 
and other states of the system. It is almost 
always brought on by external heat, and hence 
the prevention is obvious. The treatment is 
simple. It requires merely the antiphlogistic 
regimen, in ordinary eases. 
Miliary Granulations or Tubercles, see 
Granulation. 
MILII SEMINA, Panicum Italicum. 
MILIOLUM. Diminutive of milium, 'millet.' 
Cenchrid'iun. A small tumour on the eyelids, 
resembling, in size, a millet-seed. 
MILITARIS HERBA, Achillea millefolium. 
MILIUM, Grutum, Panicum miliaceum, see 
Hydatid-m. Esculentum, Panicum miliaceum- 
m. Indicum, Panicum Italicum - m. Panicum, 
Panicum miliaceum - m. Solis, Lithospermum 
officinale. 
MILK, Sax. melc, Lac, Gala, Humor lac'- 
teua, Latex ni'veus, (F.) Lait. A fluid secreted 
by the mammary glands of the females of the 
mammalia. The skimmed milk of the cow, (F.) 
Lait de Vache, contains water, caseous matter, 
traces of butter, sugar of milk, chloride of sodium, 
phosphate, and acetate of potass, lactic acid, lac- 
tate of iron, and earthy phosphate. The cream 
is formed of butter, casein, and whey, in which 
there is sugar of milk and salts. When exa- 
mined by the microscope, milk is seen to contain 
a large number of particles, of irregular size and 
shape, varying from to of an 
inch in diameter. They consist of oily matter, 
surrounded by a delicate pellicle, and are the 
milk globules. 
Cow's milk is employed for the preparation of 
cream, butter, cheese, whey, sugar of milk, and 
frangipane. It is useful in a number of cases of 
poisoning; either by acting as a demulcent, or 
by decomposing certain poisons, or by combining 
with others so as to neutralize them. It is con- 
stantly employed as aliment, and may be regarded 
as an emulsion in which butter and casein are 
found in suspension. When taken into the sto- 
mach, it is coagulated by the gastric fluids, and 
the coagulum is digested like any other solid. 
The watery parts are absorbed. 
563 
MILK 
Between milk, flour, and blood, there is great 
similarity of composition. The following table 
is given by Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson : 
Milk. Flour. Blood. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Gluten. 
Fibrin, 
Albumen, 
Casein, 
Colouring 
matter. 
Curd or Casein, 
Butter,. Oil. > Fat. 
Sugar 
' Sugar, 
Starch, 
Sugar. 
Chloride of potassium, 
sodium, 
Phosphate of soda, 
lime, 
magnesia, 
iron, 
Do. Do. 
From a considerable number of experiments, 
Messrs. Deyeux and Parmentier class the six 
kinds of milk, which they examined, according 
to the following table, as regards the relative 
quantity of materials they contain. 
Casein. 
Butter. 
Sugar of 
Milk. 
Serum. 
Goat 
Sheep 
Cow 
Sheep 
Cow 
Goat 
Woman 
Ass 
Mare 
Ass 
W oman 
Mare 
Ass 
Woman 
Mare 
Woman 
Ass 
Mare 
Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 
Cow 
Goat 
Sheep 
Milk Abscess, Mastodynia apostematosa- 
m. Almond, Emulsio amygdalae. 
Milk and Soda Water. An agreeable mode 
of taking milk in cases where it lies heavily on 
the stomach. Heat, nearly to boiling, a teacup- 
ful of milk ; dissolve in it a teaspoonful of nif/ar, 
put it into a large tumbler, and pour over it two- 
thirds of a bottle of soda water. 
Milk, Asses', (F.) Lait d'Anesse, considerably 
resembles human milk, of which it has the con- 
sistence, smell, and taste : but it contains a little 
less cream, and more soft, caseous matter. It is 
often used by those labouring under pulmonary 
affections. 
Artificial Asses' Milk may be made by taking 
gelatin dissolving it, by the aid of heat, in 
barley water Oij ; adding refined sugar 5jj ; pour- 
ing into the mixture new milk Oj; and beating 
the whole with a whisk. 
It may also be prepared by dissolving sugar 
of milk gij in tepid skimmed cow's milk Oj. 
Milk, Ewes', (F.) Lait de Brebis. It affords 
more cream than cows' milk; but the butter is 
softer. The caseum, on the contrary, is fatter, 
and more viscid. It contains less serum than 
cow's milk. The Roquefort cheeses are made 
from it. 
Milk Fever, see Fever, milk - m. Glass, 
Breast glass - m. Globules, see Milk. 
Milk, Goats', (F.) Lait de Chevre, resembles 
cows' milk: the butyraceous matter, however 
which enters into its composition, is more solid 
than that of the cow. 
Artificial Goats' Milk may be made by taking 
fresh suet ; cutting it into small pieces; tying 
it in a muslin bag, large enough to leave the 
morsels free from compression; and boiling in a 
quart of cows' milk, sweetened with a quarter of 
an ounce ofc white sugar candy. 
Used as a diet in scrofulous cases, and also in 
phthisis. MILKY 
Milk, Human, (F.) Lait de femme, - contains 
more sugar, milk, and cream, and less caseum, 
than cows' milk. Its composition differs accord- 
ing to the distance of time from delivery. 
Milk Knot, Galacto-gan'glion ; (F.) Ganglion 
laiteux. The knots often observed in the breast 
after inflammation of the organ, or for some time 
after the suppression of the secretion. They ge- 
nerally end by resolution. 
Milk Leg, Phlegmatia dolens-m. Males', 
Sperm. 
Milk, Mares', (F.) Lait de Jument,-contains 
only a small quantity of fluid butyraceous matter; 
a little caseum, softer than that of cows' milk, and 
more serum. 
Milk Scall, Porrigo larvalis. 
Milk Sickness, Sick stomach, Swamp sickness, 
Tires, Slows, Stiff joints, Puking fever, Hirer 
sickness. A disease occasionally observed in the 
states of Alabama, Indiana, and Kentucky, which 
affects both man and cattle, but chiefly the latter. 
It is attributed in cattle to something eaten or 
drunk by them; and in man to the eating of the 
flesh of animals labouring under the disease. 
Owing to the tremors that characterize it in ani- 
mals, it is called the Trembles. It is endemic. 
The symptoms of the disease are such as are 
produced by the acro-narcotic class of poisons - 
vomiting, purging, extreme nervous agitation, 
&c.: and the approved indications of treatment 
appear to be-gentle emetics and laxatives, with 
quiet, and mucilaginous drinks. 
Milk. Snakes', Euphorbia corollata-m. Spots, 
Strophulus-m. Stone, Morochthus-m. Sugar of, 
Sugar of milk - m. of Sulphur, Sulphur praecipi- 
tatum-m. Sweet, Galium verum-m. Teeth, see 
Dentition--m. Thrush, Aphthae - m. Vetch, As- 
tragalus verus - m. Vetch, stemless, Astragalus 
exscapus - m. Weed, Apocynum androsaemifo- 
lium, Asclepias Syriaca, Euphorbia corollata - 
m. Weed, long-leaved, green, Acerates longifolia 
- m. Weed, smooth, Asclepias Sullivantii - m. 
Wort, bitter, Polygala amara-m. Wort, common, 
Polygala-m. Wort, dwarf, Polygala paucifolia 
-m. Wort, rattlesnake, Polygala. 
MILKY, Lactic. 
MILL MOUNTAIN, Linum catharticum. 
MILLEFEUILLE, Achillea millefolium. 
MILLEFOLIUM, Achillea millefolium. 
MILLEMORBIA SCROPHULARIA, Scro- 
phularia nodosa. 
MILLEPEDES, Onisci aselli. 
MILLEPERTUIS ORDINAIRE, Hyperi- 
cum perforatum. 
MILLET, Aphthae, Miliary fever-m. Barba- 
does, Panicum Italicum - in. Common, Panicum 
miliaceum - m. Indian, Panicum Italicum - mi. 
des Oiseaux, Panicum Italicum - m. Ordinaire, 
Panicum miliaceum. 
MILLET-SEED RASH, Miliary fever. 
MILLIGRAMME, from mille, 'a thousand,' 
and ypafifia, 'a gramme.' The thousandth part 
of a gramme ; - about 0.0154 Troy grain. 
MILLIGRANA, Herniaria glabra. 
MILLIMETRE, Millim'eter, from mille, 'a 
thousand,' and perpov, ' measure.' The thou- 
sandth part of the metre; - equal to 0.03937 
English inch, or about two-fifths of a line. 
MILLOT, Miliary fever. 
MILPHJE, Madarosis. 
MILPHOSIS, Madarosis. 
MILT-LIKE TUMOUR, Encephaloid. 
MILTUS, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
MILTWASTE, Asplenium. 
MIMOSA CATECHU, Catechu -pi. Cochlia- 
carpa., see Jortex adstringens Brasiliensis - m. 
Leucophlea, see Spirit ( 4rrack)-m. Nilotica, see 
564 
MINT 
Acacias gummi- m. Scandens, Ca ihang-parang 
- m. Senegal, see Senegal, gum-m. Virginalis, 
see Cortex adstringens Brasiliensis. 
MIND, ABSENCE OF, Aphelxia socors - m. 
Abstraction of, Aphelxia intenta - m. Unsound, 
Insanity. 
MINERALIUM, Antimonium. 
MINER'S ELBOW. An enlargement of a 
bursa over the olecranon, occurring in such as 
are in the habit of leaning much upon it; and, 
therefore, often seen in those who work on the 
side in low-roofed mines. 
MINIM'ETER; badly compounded from mi- 
nimum and fierpov, 'measure.' An instrument for 
measuring minims, invented by Mr. Alsop. It 
consists of a glass tube, graduated from the co- 
nical point into minims ; and having a piston, by 
the elevation of which, fluid may be drawn into 
the tube, and by its depression be forced from it. 
MIN'IMUM, a minim, 'the least part or por- 
tion.' The 60th part of a fluidrachm. This 
measure has been introduced by the London Col- 
lege of Physicians, in consequence of the uncer- 
tainty of the size of the drop, (see Gutta.) The 
subdivision of the wine pint has, accordingly, 
been extended to the 60th part of the fluidrachm ; 
and glass measures, called " minim-measures," 
have been adopted by the London College. The 
proportion between the minims and the drops of 
various fluid preparations is exhibited in the fol- 
lowing table. The results were obtained by Mr. 
Durand, a skilful pltarmacien of Philadelphia, 
under circumstances, as regards the different ar- 
ticles, as nearly identical as possible. 
Table of the Number of Drops of different 
Liquids equivalent to a Fluidrachm. 
Acid Acetic, crystallizable 120 
Acid Hydrocyanic (medicinal) 45 
Muriatic 54 
Nitric 84 
diluted (1 to 7) 51 
Sulphuric 90 
aromatic 120 
diluted (1 to 7) 51 
Alcohol (rectified Spirit) 138 
Alcohol, diluted (proof Spirit) 120 
Arsenite of Potassa, solution of 57 
Ether, Sulphuric 150 
Oils of Aniseed, Cinnamon, Cloves, Pepper- 
mint, Sweet Almonds, Olives 120 
Tinctures of Asafcetida, Foxglove, Guaiac, 
Opium 120 
Tincture of Chloride of Iron 132 
Vinegar, distilled 78 
of Colchicum 78 
Opium (black drop) 78 
of Squill 78 
Water, distilled 45 
Water of Ammonia (strong) 54 
Do do. (weak) 45 
Wine (Teneriffe) 78 
Antimonial 72 
of Colchicum 75 
of Opium : 78 
MINISTER GYMNAST2E, Paedotribes. 
MINITHOSIS, Meiosis. 
MINIUM, Plumbi oxydum rubrum - m. Grae- 
corum, Ilydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum - m. 
Purum, Ilydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum. 
MINOR HEL'ICIS. A muscle situate on the 
posterior border of the helix of the ear, at its 
commencement in the fossa of the concha. 
MINORATIVUS, Laxative. 
MINT, COCK, Tanacetum balsamita - m. 
Curled, Mentha crispa - m. Cat, Nepeta - m. 
Horse, Monarda coccinea and M. punctata - m. MINUTHESIS 
Horse, hairy, Blephilia hirsuta-m. Horse, Ohio, 
Blephilia hirsuta - m. Horse, sweet, Cunila Ma- 
riana-m. Hyssop-leaved, Mentha cervina. 
Mint Julep. A drink, consisting of brandy, 
sugar, and pounded ice, flavoured by sprigs of 
mint. It is an agreeable alcoholic excitant. 
Mint, Mountain, Monarda coccinea-m. Moun- 
tain, common, Pycnanthemum incanum-m. Pep- 
per, Mentha piperita-in. Spear, Mentha viridis 
-m. Squaw, Hedeoma - m. Stone, Cunila Mari- 
ana-m. Water, Mentha aquatiea. 
MINUTHESIS, Meiosis. 
MINYANTHES, Menyanthes. 
MIOSIS, Meiosis. 
MIROCELE, Mcrocele. 
MISADIR, Ammoniac murias. 
MISANTIIRO'PIA, Misan'thropy, Exanthro'- 
pia, Phyganthro'pia, from /maos, 'hatred,' and 
avSpwffoj, ' man.' Aversion to man and society;- 
a symptom of melancholy, and hypochondriasis. 
MISCARRIAGE, Abortion. 
MISERERE MEI, Ileus. 
MISHME TEETA, Coptis teeta. 
MISMAR, Mesemar. A name given by Avi- 
cenna to a kind of nodus, which forms on the 
toes as the sequel of contusion or inflammation 
of those parts. 
MISOPTO'CHUS, from /naos, 'hatred,' and 
TTa>x<>s, ' poor.' That which has hatred for the 
poor. The gout has been so called by some, be- 
cause it commonly affects the rich. 
MISSADAN. Hydrargyrum. 
MISSIO SANGUINIS, Bloodletting. 
MISTIO, Mistura. 
MISTLETOE, Viscum album - m. Yellowish, 
Viscum flavescens. 
MISTU'RA, Migma, Mis'tio, Mix'tio, Mixtu'ra, 
a mixture ; from miscere, mixtum, 'to mix.' A 
mingled compound, in which different ingredients 
are contained in the fluid state ; suspended or not 
by means of mucilaginous or saccharine matter. 
In this sense, it is synonymous with the French 
Potion. In France, however, the word mixture 
is more frequently understood to mean a liquid 
medicine, which contains very active substances, 
and can only be administered by drops. A mix- 
ture, in other words, in the French sense, may be 
regarded as a potion deprived of watery vehicle. 
MISTURA, (S.) A fragrant yellow-coloured 
water, used as a perfume by the ladies of Peru. 
It is prepared from gillyflower, jasmine, and y?or 
de mistela (Talinum umbellatum). See Campo- 
manesia lineatifolia. 
Mistura Ac"idi Hydrocyan'ici, Mixture of 
Prussic acid, Melange pectoral (Magendie). (Me- 
dicinal prussic acid, £j, distilled water, 
pure sugar, -A dessert-spoonful every 
morning and evening, as a pectoral, &c. 
Mistura Ammoni'aci, Lac ammoniaci, Mixture 
of ammoniac. (Ammoniac, SJij, aqua Oss. Rub 
the ammoniacum : adding the water gradually 
until they are perfectly mixed.) Dose, to 3j. 
Mistura Amygdala, Emulsio amygdalae. 
Mistura Asafce'tida:, Lac asafeetida, Emul- 
sio antihyster'ica, Mixture of asafeetida, (F.) Z«it 
d'asafetida. (Asafaetida aqua. Oss. Rub 
together, adding the water by degrees.) Used 
where pills cannot be swallowed, and as a glyster 
in irritations during dentition, and in ascarides. 
Dose, to 
Mistura Asafcetida: pro Clysmate, Enema 
foetidum. 
Mistura Cam'phor.e, Aqua camphora (Ph. U. 
S.), Camphor mixture, Camphor julep, Mistura 
camphora'ta, Jula'pium e camphora seu campho- 
ratnm, (F.) Julep camphri. (Camphor, Xij, al- 
cohol, n\.xl, magnet, carb, Jiv, aqua Oij. Rub 
the camphor with the alcohol, and afterwards 
565 
MITIIRIDATE 
with the magnesia, add the water, and filter.) 
Virtues like those of camphor. See Emulsio 
camphorae. 
Mistura Cornu Usti, Decoc'tum .vrnu cervi'ni, 
Decoc'tum album, Decoction of burnt hartshorn, 
Mixture of burnt hartshorn. (Cornuum ust. gij, 
acacia gum. cont. aqua Oiij. Boil to Oij, 
constantly stirring, and strain. Ph. L.) 
Mistura Creta:, Potio carbona'tis calcis, Mis- 
tura creta'cea, Mucila'go cretica, Chalk mixture, 
Creta' ceous mixture, (F.) Mixture de Craie. 
(Creta pp. sacchar., acacia gum. in pulv., 
aa 5'j, aqua cinnam., aqua, aa fsjiv. Mix. Ph. 
U. S.) Antacid and absorbent. Dose, f§j to 
Mistura Diabol'ica. A mixture under this 
name is kept in military hospitals for malin- 
gerers. It is made of sundry nauseous ingre- 
dients, as aloes, asafoetida, castor, &c., and is 
given so as to keep up a disagreeable impression 
on the gustatory nerves. 
Mistura Emeti'na: Vomito'ria, Emetic mix- 
ture of emetine. (Emetine 4 gr., orange flower 
water §ij, syrup ?ss; M.) A dessert-spoonful 
every half hour till it acts. 
Mistura Ferri Compos'ita, Compound mix- 
ture of iron, (F.) Mixture de fer composee, Grif- 
fith's mixture. (Myrrh cont. potassa carb. 
gr. xxv, aqua rosa ferri sulph. in pulv. 
T)j, sp. lavand. sacchar. Q. Rub together 
the myrrh, subcarbonate of potassa, and sugar; 
then add, while triturating, the rose-water, spirit 
of nutmeg; and, lastly, the sulphate of iron. 
Pour the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and 
stop it close. Ph. U. S.) It is tonic and emme- 
nagogue, and is useful wherever iron is indicated. 
Mistura Glycyrrhi'z.-e Compos'ita, Com- 
pound mixture of Liq'uorice, Brown Mixture. 
(Extract. Glycyrrhiz. pulv., Acacia pulv., Sac- 
char., aa gss ; Tinct. opii camphorat. > Via- 
antimon, ; Spirit, ather. nitric, Aqua 
Rub the liquorice, gum arabic, and sugar 
with the water, gradually poured upon them; 
add the other ingredients and mix. Ph. U. S.) 
A popular cough medicine, but not deserving of 
being made officinal. Dose, a tablespoonful or 
* 
Mistura Guai'aci, Mixture of guai'ac, Lac 
guaiaci, Emul'sio guaiaci'na, Mistura guaiaci 
gummo'sa, M. gummi gua'iaci Bergeri, Solu'tio 
guaiaci gummo'sa, S. resi'na guaiaci aquo'sa, 
(F.) Mixture de Guyac. (Guaiac, g. resin. 3'ss> 
sncch. pur. Jij, muc. acacia gum. 3'j, a(l' cinnam. 
Rub the guaiacum with the sugar; then 
with the mucilage. Add, gradually, the cinna- 
mon water. Ph. L.) Dose, to f§ij. 
Mistura Gummi Guaiaci Bergeri, Mistura 
Guaiaci-m. Leniens, Looch ex ovo. 
Mistura Moschi, Musk mixture, Mistura mos- 
cha'ta. (Moschi, acacia gum. contus., sacch. pu- 
rif., sing. 5j, aq. rosa Rub the musk with 
tlie sugar; add the gum, and, by degrees, the 
rose-water. Ph. L.) Dose, to 
Mistura Strych'nia:, J/ixture of strych'nia. 
(Distilled water, 2;ij, very pure strychnia, 1 gr., 
white sugar, gij ; M.) Dose, a dessert-spoonful. 
Mistura Sulphurico-acida, Elixir acidum 
Ilalleri - m. Vulneraria acida - Arque'jusade, 
Eau d'. 
MITCHEL'LA REPENS, Partridge berry. 
A pretty little indigenous trailing evergreen, of 
the Cinchona family-Cinchene®,-which flow- 
ers from June to July. It has been considered 
an expectorant, emmenagogue, and diuretic; and 
has been prescribed in dropsy and gout. 
MITELLA, Sling. 
MITH'RIDATE, Mithrida'tium. Uithridat'- 
icum medieamen'tum, Antid'otum Mithrida'tium, 
Diascin'ci antid'otus, Confec'tio Damoc'ratis. A MITHRIDATICUM 
very compound electuary, into which entered - 
Myrrh of Arabia, Saffron, Agaric, Ginger, Cinna- 
mon, Frankincense, Garlic, Mustard, Birthwort, 
Galbanum, Castor, Long pepper, Opoponax, Bdel- 
lium, Gum Arabic, Opium, Gentian, Orris, Saga- 
penum, Valerian, Acacia, Hypericum, Canary 
wine, Honey, <fcc. It was invented by Mithrida- 
tes, king of Pontus and Bithynia, and was for- 
merly regarded as alexipharmic. It is little used 
at the present day, and, from its heterogeneous 
nature, should be wholly abandoned. 
MITHRIDATICUM MEDICAMENTUM,Mi- 
thridate. 
MITIGANS, Lenitive. 
MITRA IIIPPOCRATICA, Bonnet d'Hippo- 
crate. 
MITRAL, Mitra'lis. Having the form of a 
mitre ; resembling a bishop's mitre. 
Mitral Valves, Vai'voice mitra'les, V. Cordis 
mitra'les, V. episcopates, V. bicuspida'les. Two 
triangular valves at the opening of communi- 
cation between the left auricle of the heart and 
the corresponding ventricle. These valves are 
formed by the inner membrane of the left cavi- 
ties of the heart; and are retained on the side of 
the ventricle by tendinous cords, proceeding from 
the columnae carneae. They form a species of 
valve, which permit the blood to pass from the 
auricle into the ventricle and oppose its return. 
MITRIUM, Sling. 
MITTE (F.), Efflu'vium Latrina'rium. An 
emanation exhaled from privies, which strongly 
irritates the eyes. It consists of ammonia, united 
to the carbonic and hydro-sulphuric acids. 
MIUAMARU, see Arrow poison. 
MIXIS, Coition. 
MIXTIO, Mistura. 
MIXTURA, Mistura. 
MIXTURE, Mistura - m. of Ammoniac, Mis- 
tura ammoniaci - m. of Asafoetida, Mistura asa- 
fcetidae - m. Brown, Mistura glycyrrhizie compo- 
sita-m. Calmante, Looch ex ovo - m. Camphor, 
Mistura camphorae- m. Chalk, Mistura cretae - 
m. de Craie, Mistura cretae-m. Cretaceous, Mis- 
tura cretae-m. of Emetine, emetic, Mistura eme- 
tinae vomitoria-m. de Fer composie, Mistura ferri 
composita-m. de Gayac, Mistura Guaiaci - m. 
Griffith's, Mistura ferri composita-m. of Guaiac, 
Mistura Guaiaci - m. of Hartshorn, burnt, Mis- 
tura cornu usti - m. of Iron, compound, Mistura 
ferri composita. 
Mixture, Hope's. A mixture recommended 
by Mr. Hope, in diarrhoea and dysentery. It is 
essentially a nitrate of morphia. Although the 
proposer employed the acidum nitrosum of the 
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, nitric acid is gene- 
rally used. (Acid. nitros. f!Jj : Aqua camphor. 
; Tinct. opii gtt. xl.; M.) Dose, a fourth 
part every three or four hours. 
Mixture of Liquorice, Compound, Mistura 
glycyrrhizae composita. 
Mixture, Musk, Mistura moschi-m. Neutral, 
Liquor potassae citratis-m. of Prussic acid, Mis- 
tura acidi hydrocyanic!. 
Mixture, Scudamore's. A mixture recom- 
mended by Sir C. Scudamore in gouty and rheu- 
matic affections, and much prescribed in the 
United States. Magnes. sulph. > Aqua 
tnentha Aceti colchic. f^j-fSjiss; Syrup 
croci ; Magnes. £viij. M. Dose, one, two, or 
three tablespoonfuls, repeated every two hours in 
a paroxysm of gout, until from four to six evacu- 
ations are produced in the twenty four hours. 
Mixture of Strychnia, Mistura strychniae. 
MNEME, Memory. 
Mneme Cephal'icum Bal'samum. A very 
compound medicine, into which entered Balm, 
566 
MOFFAT 
Lily, Rosemary, Lavender, Borage, Broom, Reset, 
Violet, Saffron, Thyme, Storax, Galbanum, Ac. 
MNEMONEUTICE, Mnemonics. 
MNEMON'ICS, Mncmon'ice, Mnemonen'tice, 
from pvaopai, ' I recollect.' The art of aiding the 
memory by signs; and of forming, in some sort, 
an artificial memory. 
MOANING, from Sax. mmnan, 'to grieve.' 
Respira'tio luctuo'sa, Mychthis'mos. A plaintive 
respiration, in which the patient utters audible 
groans - moans, (F.) Gfmissemens. 
MOBILE, see Saint Augustine. 
MOBIL'ITY, Mobil'itas, from mob'ilis, contrac- 
tion of movibilis, ' that can be moved.' The power 
of being moved. In physiology, great nervous 
susceptibility, often joined to a disposition to con- 
vulsion. Greatly developed excitability. 
MOCCASIN FLOWER, Cypripedium acaule, 
C. luteum. 
MOCH'LIA. Reduction of a luxated bone; 
from a lever. 
MOCHLICUS, Purgative. 
MOC1ILISCUS, Lever. 
MOCHLUS, Lever. 
MOCHTHUS, Agony. 
MOCK-KNEES, Crusta genu equinae. 
MODELLING PROCESS. A term proposed 
by Dr. Macartney, of Dublin, to signify the mode 
in which wounds are healed without inflamma- 
tion or suppuration, by a deposite of plastic 
matter from the surface of the wound, by which 
the gap is more rapidly filled,-portion being laid 
upon portion, without waste, after the manner of 
clay in the hands of the sculptor: - hence the 
term. 
MODI'OLUS, 'the nave of awheel.' Pyr'a- 
mis seu Axis coeh'lece. A hollow cone in the 
cochlea of the ear, forming a nucleus, axis, or 
central pillar, round which the gyri of the coch- 
lea pass. The modiolus forms the inner and 
larger portion of the central pillar, and is the 
cavity seen at the bottom of the meatus audito- 
rius internus. It lodges a branch of the auditory 
nerve. The central portion of the modiolus con- 
tains a number of minute canals, and is called in 
consequence Tract us spira'lis foraminulo' sue. 
Into these the nerves of the cochlea enter, and 
pass out at right angles between the bony plates 
forming the zona ossea of the lamina spiralis, to 
be expanded on the membranous portion of the 
lamina. 
Modiolus, Mas, also means the crown of the 
trepan. 
MO'DIUS. A dry measure, the third of an 
amphora, equal to the bushel.-Varro. 
MODUS OPERAN'DI, 'mode of operating.' 
This term is applied to the general principles 
upon which remedies act in morbid states of the 
body;-a subject of much interest, although in- 
volved in considerable obscurity. 
The following classification will convey some 
idea of the ways in which different organs may 
be excited into action. 
1. By actual or immediate contact of the remedy, and 
by absorption or mediate contact. 
2. By an impulse conveyed by the nerves, through an 
impression made on the stomach or elsewhere. 
3. By contiguous or continuous sympathy, or by mere 
proximity or continuity of parts. 
3/GAZZAZ, Marrow-m. Allonges, Medulla ob- 
longata-m. Epiniere, Medulla spinalis-m. Ver- 
tebrate, Medulla spinalis. 
MCENIA DENTIUM, Alveoli dentium. 
MCEROR, Athymia. 
MOFETTE, see Mephitism. 
MOFFAT, MINERAL WATERS OF. Moffat MOGIGRAPHIA 
is a village situate about 56 miles S. W. of Edin- 
burgh. The water is a cold sulphureous; con- 
taining, in a wine gallon, 36 grains of chloride of 
sodium, 5 cubic inches of carbonic gas, 4 of azote, 
and 10 of sulphohydric acid. It resembles Har- 
rowgate water in its properties. 
A strong chalybeate spring was discovered 
there about the year 1828, which contains sesqui- 
sulphate of peroxide of iron, sulphate of alumina, 
and uncombined sulphuric acid. 
MOGIGRAPHIA, Cramp, writers'. 
MOGILA'LIA, Parala'lia, from poyif, 'with 
difficulty,' and \a\ztv, 'to speak.' This word is 
inaccura tely written by Paul Zacchias,-Mola'lia, 
and Molila'lia. Difficult or defective articulation. 
Impediment of speech. See Balbuties. 
MOGOSTOCIA, Dystocia., Laborious labour. 
MOGUS, Agony. 
MOHAWK TASSEL, Eupatorium purpureum. 
MOHRIA THURIF'RAGA. A South African 
fern, Nat. Ord. Filices, the dry leaves of which, 
pulverized and made into an ointment with fat, 
are serviceable in burns and scalds. 
MOIGNON, Stump. 
MO IS, Menses. 
MOISTURE, Mador, (F.) McAteVr, anciently 
moisteur. Simple humidity of the skin. The skin 
is said to be moist or in a state of moisture, when 
there is slight perspiration. 
MOITEUR, Moisture. 
MOLA, Maxillary bone, Molar tooth, Mole, 
Patella. 
MOLAGOCODI, Piper nigrum. 
MOL AIRE, Molar. 
MOLALIA, Mogilalia. 
MOLAR, Mola'ris, My'licus, (F.) Molaire, Meu- 
liire. That which bruises or grinds ; from mola- 
ris, 'a grindstone,' or mola, 'a millstone.' 
Molar Glands. Two small bodies formed by 
a collection of mucous crypts; seated in the sub- 
stance of the cheeks, between the masseter and 
buccinator muscles, and whose excretory ducts 
open into the mouth opposite the last molar tooth. 
Molar Teetu, Grinderg, Jaio Teeth, Mola'res 
permanen'tes dentes, Dentes molares seu maxilla'- 
res seu gom'phii seu clava'les, Mola, Gomphioi, 
My'lacri, My'lodontes, My'lodi, Momis'ci, (F.) 
Dents molaires ou maehelieres, occupy the farther 
part of each alveolar arch. Their coronaj are 
broader than they are high : unequal, tubercu- 
lated; and the roots are more or less subdivided. 
They are 20 in number, 10 in each jaw. The first 
two pairs of molar teeth in each jaw have been 
called lesser molares or bicuspid, Dentes bicuspi- 
da'ti. The coronaj have two tubercles ; the outer 
being more prominent and larger than the inner. 
The root is commonly simple; sometimes bifur- 
cated. The other three pairs have been termed, 
Great molares-Dents multicuspidies (Ch.) Their 
coronae are cubical, rounded, and have, at the 
upper surface, four or five tubercles, separated by 
deep furrows. The root is divided into two, 
three, four, and five fangs, which are more or less 
curved. The third great molaris appears a long 
time after the others, and hence has been called 
Dens sapien'tia or Wisdom tooth. 
MOLASSES, Melasses. 
MOLE, Mola, from moles, ' mass.' Myle, Ze- 
phyr' ins foetus, Germen falsum, Psemlocye'sis mo- 
laris, Gravid'itas molaris, Mooncalf, old French, 
Fardeau. A fleshy, insensible, at times, soft-at 
others, hard-mass ; of variable and determinate 
size, which forms in the uterus, and is slightly 
united by vessels to that organ; from which its 
feeble vitality is derived. It has been conceived 
by some to be always owing to imperfect concep- 
tion; but moles may form in the undoubted vir- 
567 
MOLLITIES 
gin. They seem to be owing to a morbid pro- 
cess; and certainly are generally connected with 
conception. At times, they contain parts of the 
foetus ; but commonly do not. At very different 
periods, in different women, the diseased mass is 
expelled from the uterus, with ordinary symp- 
toms of abortion; and the case requires similar 
management. See, also, Naevus and Conception, 
(false.) 
MOLE PLANT, Euphorbia lathyris. 
MOLEC'ULAR, Molecula'ris. Of or belong- 
ing to molecules or minute portions of any thing. 
Hence molecular death, in contradistinction to 
somatic death. 
MOL'ECULE, Molec'ula, Mass'ula ; diminu- 
tive of moles, ' a mass.' A minute portion of any 
body. Also, the cicatric'ula, ma'cula, gallatu'ra, 
gelat'inous molecule, tread of the cock, or embryo 
part of the impregnated ovum, observable by the 
microscope before the ovum has left the ovarium 
of the hen. It lies under the epidermic coats of 
the yelk, and upon its proper coat. If the ovum, 
according to Valentin, be lacerated and its con- 
tents minutely examined, the cicatricula is found 
like a grayish white disk, which in its whole pe- 
riphery is dense, granulous, and opake; but in 
the centre presents a clear, nongranulous, and 
perfectly diaphanous point. Purkinje found, that 
when he removed the dark granulous mass by 
suction with a small tube, there remained a per- 
fectly transparent vesicle filled with a pellucid 
lymph, which had a decidedly spherical form, 
but, being extremely delicate, was easily lacera- 
ted, and then its fluid escaped. As he found this, 
which later naturalists have named-after its dis- 
coverer-the Purkin'jean ves'icle, in the ova of the 
ovary, but could not see it in ova, which had al- 
ready entered the oviduct, he gave it the name 
germinal vesicle, vesic'ula prolif'era sen germina- 
ti'va, (F.) Vesieule germinative. Besides a per- 
fectly colourless fluid, this contains one or more 
dark corpuscles, which appear as a nucleus 
through the including membrane in the shape of 
opake spots-the germinal spot,macu'la germani- 
ti'va seu ger'minans, nu'cleus germaniti'vus, (F.) 
Tache germinative. The granulous membrane- 
its thickened portion, the so called 'cicatricula,' 
-and the germinal vesicle, constitute those parts 
of the ovum which pass immediately into the 
original foundation of the embryo, the blastoder- 
ma or germinal membrane, vesic'ula blastodermat'- 
ica, blastoder'mic vesicle. 
Molecule, Gelatinous, Molecule. 
MOLENE, Verbascum nigrum. 
MOLES G AN G LIFORMIS, Ganglion of 
Gasser. 
MOLIBDUS, Plumbum. 
MOLILALIA, Mogilalia. 
MOLI'MEN, pl. Molimina, from molior, 'to 
move or stir.' An attempt, a struggle. Hence: 
Molimen Crit'icum. An impulsion towards 
a sudden solution or crisis of a disease. 
Molimen H.emorrhag"icum. The hemor- 
rhagic diathesis or impulsion. 
Molimen Hjemorrhoida'le. The hemorrhoi- 
dal diathesis or impulsion. See 
Molimen Menstrua'le. The menstrual dia- 
thesis or impulsion. 
Molimen Natur.e Salutarium, Instinct. 
MOLLESCENCE, Mollities. 
MOLLET, Sura. 
MOLLIPUFFS, Lycoperdon. 
MOLLIS MATER, Pia mater. 
MOLLIT"IES, Molles'cence, Malacis'mus, 
lit"ia, Molli tu'do, Emollit"ies, Emailities morbo'- 
sa, Mollitio, Malax'is, Malaco'sis, Malthax'is 
(F.) Ramollissement; (G.) Malakien (Fuchsj; MOLLITIO 
from mollis, ' soft.' Preternatural softness of an 
organ or part of an organ. 
Mollities Cer'ebri, Malaco'sis Cer'ebri, En- 
cephalomala' cia, Encephalomalax' is, Necrenceph'- 
ahis (W. Farr,) Cerebromala'cia, Encephalosep'- 
sis, Molies'cence or softening or a kind of lique- 
faction of the cerebral substance ; the remainder 
preserving its ordinary consistency. (F.) Ramol- 
lissement du cerveau. The neurine often contains 
small clots of blood, giving rise to what has been 
termed Apoplexie capillaire, (Cruveilhier.) The 
symptoms denoting it are equivocal. 
Mollities Cordis, Cardiomalacia. 
Mollities Medul'lje Spina'lis, Myelomata'- 
cia, (F.) liamollissement de la Mo'elle Epinitre. 
Softening of the spinal marrow. 
Mollities Os'sium, Malacosteo'sis, Malacos'- 
tcon, Emollit"ies os'sium, Paros'tia fex'ilis, Os- 
teomalaco'sis, Rachi'tis scu Rachi'tis adulto'rum, 
Spina vento'sa (of some), Osteomata'cia, Soften- 
ing of the bones, (F.) Osteo-malacie,Ost(o-malaxie, 
Ostio-malakie, Ramollissement des os. A rare 
affection in which the bones are deprived of their 
salts, particularly of the phosphate of lime, and 
consist only, or mainly, of gelatin; hence they 
acquire a degree of suppleness which renders 
them unfit for the performance of their functions. 
The disease generally affects all the bones; but 
it is especially remarkable during life in the long 
bones, which assume any curvature that may be 
wished. Very violent pain is often experienced in 
them ; and the urine frequently contains an enor- 
mous proportion of calcareous phosphate. The 
patient is compelled to remain in the horizontal 
posture; the bones no longer being fixed points 
for the muscles to act upon. The disease has, 
hitherto, always terminated fatally, and dissec- 
tion has exhibited the gelatinous nature of the 
bones ; which, by desiccation, have become trans- 
parent, as if they had been macerated in acid. 
Experience has afforded no means of relief in 
this dreadful affliction. The alkaline salts, earthy 
phosphates, Ac. are of little or no use. 
MOLLITIO, Mollities. 
MOLLITUDO, Mollities. 
MOLLUS'CUM, AtAerobna. A cutaneous af- 
fection, so called in consequence of its resem- 
blance to certain molluscous animals. It con- 
sists of numerous tumours, varying in size from 
that of a pea to that of a pigeon's egg, filled with 
an atheromatous matter, which are developed in 
the substance of the derma, and are of various 
shapes, some having a large base, - others adhe- 
rent by means of a pedicle. 
Molluscum contagio'sum, a singular variety, is 
characterized by the presence of hard, round, tu- 
bercles, which are smooth and transparent, and 
when pressed, pour out from an orifice in their 
summits a little opake or milky fluid. 
The disease is probably seated in the sebaceous 
follicles. 
If internal treatment be adopted at all, it must 
consist of eutrophics, as arsenic, iodine, Ac. The 
external treatment consists in the employment of 
measures calculated to excite the tubercles to in- 
flammation, as by touching them with potassa. 
MOLOCTIE, Malva rotundifolia. 
MOLOPES, Vibices. 
MOLYBD2ENUM MAGNESII, Manganese, 
black oxide of. 
MOLYBDOS, Plumbum. 
MOLYBDOSIS, Lead-poisoning. 
MOLYNE, Anus. 
MOLYNSIS, Miasma. 
M0M1E, Mummy. 
MOM IN, Mamei. 
MOM 1SCI, Molar teeth. 
M0M01VDICA, M. Balsami'na, Balsami'na, 
568 
MONGOLIAN 
Nevrosper'ma cuspida'ta, Balm-apple, Balsam 
apple, (F.) Balsamine, Pomme de merveille. The 
fruit of this oriental tree, Pomwwi mirab'ili seu 
hierosolymita' num, was formerly considered vul- 
nerary. 
Momordica Aspera, M. Elaterium. 
Momor'dica Elate'rium : J/. as'pera, Elate'- 
rium, Ecba'lia, Elate'rium, Cu'cumis agree't is seu 
asini'nus, 0. sylvestris, Elate'rium ojfficina'rum 
seu cordifo'lium, Charan'tia, Bouba'lios, Guarerba < 
orba, Wild or Squirting cu'cumber, Ecbol'ium 
elate'rium, (F.) Coneombre Sauvage, Momordique. 
Eat. Order, Cucurbitaceae. The dried sediment 
from the juice is the elaterium of the shops. (See 
Extractum Elaterii.) It is a most powerful ca- 
thartic, and, as such, has been used in dropsies. 
Its active principle is the Elatin, Elaterin or 
Elaterium. Dose, gr. i to gr. j. until it operates. 
MOM OB DIQUE, Momordiea elaterium. 
MONAD, from monas, 'unity.' A simple par- 
ticle, or atom, or unit. - Leibnitz. The smallest 
of all visible animalcules. A primary cell or 
germ. 
MONjE, Nates. 
MONAR'DA COCCIN'EA, Scarlet Rose balm, 
Mountain mint, Oswego Tea, Mountain Balm, 
Horsemint, Square stalk, Red Balm ; a beautiful 
indigenous plant, having the excitant properties 
of Monarda punctata. 
Monar'da Fistulo'sa, Purple monar'da. The 
leaves have a fragrant smell; and an aroma- 
tic, somewhat bitter taste. They are reputed to 
be nervine, stomachic, and deobstruent. 
Monar'da Puncta'ta, Horsemiut. Sex. Syst. 
Diandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Labiatiu. In- 
digenous in the United States. Stimulant and 
carminative. . The Oleum monarda is officinal in 
the United States. 
Monarda, Purple, M. fistulosa. 
MONDER (F.), from mundus, 'cleanly.' To 
render clean or pure. In Pharmacy, it means to 
separate any substance from its impure or useless 
portion. In surgery, monder ou mcndifier une 
plaie, is to clean or deterge a wound. 
M0ND1FICATIFS, Detergents. 
MONDTFIER UNE PLAIE, see Monder. 
MONE'MERON, Monoe'meron, Mouohe'meron; 
from povoj, 'one,' and 'npepa, 'a day.' A name 
given to several collyria, which were supposed to 
be capable of curing diseases of the eyes in a day. 
MONENTERUM, Colon. 
MONE'SIA. A vegetable extract imported into 
Europe from South America, in hard, thick cakes. 
It is prepared from the bark of a tree, whose bo- 
tanical name is uncertain-probably Chrysopbyl'- 
lum glyeyphla'um. It is very friable, and its frac- 
ture very much resembles that of a well-torrefied 
cocoanut. It is wholly soluble in water; and its 
t^ste-which is at first sweet like liquorice-some- 
times becomes astringent. It is on account of its 
astringent properties that it has been prescribed 
in chronic bronchitis, hremoptysis, diarrhoea, leu- 
corrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, Ac. It has been 
applied locally, in the form of ointment, (Mones. 
p. 1, Adipis, p. vij. 
The dose of Monesia is from 12 to 40 grains a 
day. 
MONEYWORT, Lysimachia nummularia. 
MONGO'LIAN. Anthropologists give the name 
JfonfloZian race to a variety of the human species, 
spread over a great part of the north of Asia, in 
China, India, Thibet, the Moluccas, Ac. The in- 
dividuals composing it have the skin of a brown 
red, forehead flat, nose broad, cheeks prominent, 
and lips large. See Homo. 
MONISM; Mouis'mus; from povoj, 'alone.* 
The doctrine, which declares matter and mind to 
be identical. MONK 
MONK PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. A 
class of practitioners of whom Frere Cosme and 
Jacques Beaulieu in France, and Pravetz in Ger- 
many, were the most distinguished. 
MONKSHOOD, Aconitum-m. Common, Aco- 
nitum napellus-m. Salutary, Aconitum anthora. 
MONNI'NA POLYSTA'CIIIA. A beautiful 
South American plant. Nat. Ord. Polygaleae. 
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Octandria. The bark of 
the root is a powerful astringent, and much used 
in South America in diseases of the bowels. 
MONOBLEP'SIS,from 'one,' and 
'sight.' An affection in which vision is confused, 
imperfect, and indistinct, when both eyes are em- 
ployed; but perfect or nearly so, when either eye 
is used singly. 
MONOCAR'PJE; from povos, 'alone,' 'single,' 
and Kapiroi, 'fruit.' A division of cutaneous 
affections, of the family of Eczematosen of 
Fuchs, which includes strophulus, psydracia, and 
ecthyma. 
MONOCEPH'ALUS, from povos, 'one,* and 
KeifiaXii, ' head.' A compound monster having 
two bodies with a single head. 
MONOCOLON, Caecum, Rectum. 
MONOCRA'NUS, from povos, 'one,' 'single,' 
and Kpavov, Kpaviov, 'cranium.' A monster with 
one cranium, but with the face in part double - 
Gurlt. 
MONOCULUM, Caecum. 
MONOC'ULUS, Mon'ocle, Monophthal'mus, 
Unioc'ulus, Unoc'ulus, from povos, 'one,' and 
oculus, ' an eye.' A bandage employed to main- 
tain topical applications over one of the eyes. 
This bandage, called by some surgeons Simplex 
oe'ulus, (F.) (EH simple, is made of a roller three 
or four ells long, rolled into a single ball. See 
Cyclops. 
MONODIPLO'PIA; from/iovof, 'alone,'SurXovs, 
1 double,' and wt/z, ' eye.' Double vision with one 
eye. 
MONOEMERON, Monemeron. 
MONOGAS'TRIC, Monogas'tri cus ; from povos, 
'one,' and -yaarnp, 'stomach.' That which has 
but one stomach. Man is monogastric ; rumina- 
ting animals, on the contrary, are polygastric. 
MON'OGRAPH, MED'ICAL, Monograph'ia. 
med'ica; from /zovoj, 'one,' and ypa<pr), 'descrip- 
tion.' An ex professo treatise on a single class 
of diseases, or on a single disease. 
MONOHEMERON, Monemeron. 
MONOMACHON, Crncum. 
MONOMACUM, Caecum. 
MONOMANIA, see Melancholy - m. Homi- 
cidal, Homicidal insanity-m. Incendiary, Pyro- 
mania. 
MONOMANIE, Melancholy - m. Homicide, 
Homicidal insanity. 
MONOMMATOS, Cyclops. 
MONOMORIA, see Melancholy. 
MONOPAGIA, Clavus hystericus, Hemicrania. 
MONOP'ATHY, Monopathi'a, from povos, 'one,' 
and iraflof, ' disorder.' A state in which one organ 
or function is disordered. Applied to melancholy 
or monomania; which is said to be a monopathic 
affection. 
MONOPEGIA, Clavus hystericus. Hemicrania. 
MONOPHTHALMUS, Cyclops, Monoculus. 
MONOPLAS'TIC, Monoplas'ticus : from povos, 
'one,' and -r\atra<i>, ' I form.' That which has one 
form. A monoplastic element, in histology, is one 
which retains its primary form. - Gerber. 
MONOPODIA, Sympodia. 
MONOPS, Cyclops. 
MONOPSIA, Cyclopia. 
MONOPUS, Symmeles. 
569 
MONTBRISON 
MONOR'CHIS, from povof, 'one,' and 
'testicle.' One who has only one testicle. 
MONOSI'TIA, from povos, 'one,' and atrof, 
'food,' 'repast.' The habit of taking only one 
meal in the day. 
MONOT'ROPA UNIFLO'RA, Indian pipe, 
Iceplant, Pipe-plant, Nest root, Pit root. An in- 
digenous plant, whose juice, mixed with water, 
has been extolled by the Indians in ophthalmia, 
The dried root in powder has been given in epi- 
lepsy and nervous diseases. 
MONROIA'NUM FORA'MEN. A foramen at 
the anterior part of the lateral ventricles of the 
brain, by which they communicate with each 
other, is so called from the second Monro. 
MONS VEN'ERIS, Montic'ulus Ven'eris, Ephe- 
be'um, (F.) Mont de Venus, Penil, Motte, Emi- 
nence sus-pubienne. The more or less projecting 
eminence, situate at the base of the hypogas- 
trium, above the vulva and in front of the os 
pubis. At the period of puberty it becomes 
covered with hair, formerly called Tresso'ria. 
MONSO'NIA OVA'TA, Keita, of the Hotten- 
tots. A plant of the A7(t. Ord. Geraniacete, which 
grows at the Cape of Good Hope. The root and 
herb are very astringent, and are used success- 
fully in dysentery. 
MONSTER, Monstrum, Teras, Pelor, Pelo'ria, 
Pelo'rium, Pelo'rum. Any organized being, having 
an extraordinary vice of conformation, or a pre- 
ternatural perversion of every part, or of certain 
parts only. 
The following classification embraces the main 
varieties of malformations - Vitia prince eon- 
formatio'nis.-1. Those in which certain parts of 
the normal body are absent or defective-mon str a 
deficientia. 2. These produced by fusion or coa- 
lition of organs - coalitio partium, symphysis. 
3. Those, in which parts, united in the normal 
state are separated from each other - clefts, fis- 
sures. 4. Those in which normal openings are 
occluded - atresia. 5. Those by excess, or in 
which certain parts have a disproportionate size- 
wionstra abundantia. 6. Those, in which one or 
many parts have an abnormal position-situs mu- 
tatus. 7. Those affecting the sexual organs-- 
hermaphroditism ; and to these "true malforma- 
tions" Vogel adds 8. Diseases of the fetus, and 
abnormal states of its envelopes. 
Amongst the numerous hypotheses entertained 
on the origin or cause of monsters, or of monstro- 
sity-terato'sis, monstros'itas, (F.) monstruosite, as 
the state has been called - three only are worth 
mentioning. They have been attributed, 1. To 
the influence of the maternal imagination on the 
fetus in utero. 2. To accidental changes, expe- 
rienced by the foetus at some period of its uterine 
existence: and 3. To a primitive defect in the 
germs. The second seems to be the only one 
that is philosophical. 
As a medico-legal question, monsters, if capable 
of action as individuals, have the same rights as 
other persons. 
MONSTERS, DOUBLE, see Duplication - m. 
Triplet, see Triplet. 
MONSTR A ABUNDANTIA, see 
m. Deficientia, see Monster - m. Trigemina, see 
Triplet-m. Triplica, see Triplet. 
MONSTROSITAS, see Monster. 
MONSTROSITY, see Monster. 
MONSTRUM, Monster. 
MONSTRUOSITE, see Monster. 
MONT DE VENUS, Mons Veneris. 
MONTBRISON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Montbrison is a town in France, in the depart- 
ment of the Loire, fifteen leagues from Lyons. 
There are three cold springs here, which ar« MONT 
highly acidulous, and used as refrigerants and 
aperients. 
MONT-DE-MARSAN, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Mont-de-Marsan is a small French town, 
10 leagues from Dax ; where there is a chalybeate 
spring, somewhat frequented. 
MONT-D'OR, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Mont d'Or is a village seven leagues from Cler- 
mont, (Puy-de-D6me,) at which are several mine- 
ral springs, cold and thermal. Those of the 
Fountain La Madelaine, and of the Great Bath, 
are thermal, temp. 112° Fahr., and contain car- 
bonic acid, subcarbonate and sulphate of soda, 
chloride of sodium, subcarbonate of lime and 
magnesia, alumine and oxide of iron. Those of 
St. Margaret are cold, and contain much carbonic 
acid. 
MONTECATI'NI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
This town is situate near Borgo-Buggiano, in 
Tuscany. The springs are thermal; ranging from 
78° to 118° Fahrenheit. 
MONTHLY COURSES, Menses -m. Periods, 
Menses. 
MONTICULES CEREBELLI, see Vermiform 
processes of the Cerebellum - m. Veneris, Mons 
veneris. 
MONTPELLIER, CLIMATE OF. This seat 
of a celebrated medical school in the S. E. of 
France was at one time renowned for its climate, 
and especially in regard to its adaptation to con- 
sumptive cases. This is now exploded, and it is 
at present esteemed an unfit residence for them. 
The climate possesses the general characters of 
that of south-eastern France-being dry, hot, and 
irritating; subject to frequent vicissitudes, and 
especially to blasts of keen, cold, northerly winds. 
It is, indeed, most injurious in pulmonary dis- 
eases. 
MOON, Luna, Sele'ne, Mene, Sax. Mona, (G.) 
M o n d, (F.) Lune. The moon has been supposed 
to exert considerable influence over the human 
body, in health and disease. Such influence has 
been grossly exaggerated. Not many years ago, 
it would have been heretical to doubt the exacer- 
bation of mania at the full of the moon; yet it 
is now satisfactorily shown, that if the light be 
excluded at this period, the funattc is not excited 
more than ordinarily. 
MOONSTRUCK, Lunatic. 
MOONCALF, Mole. 
MOORBERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
MOORSHEAD, Alembic. 
MOORWORT, BROAD-LEAVED,Andromeda 
mariana. 
MOOSE WOOD, Direa palustris. 
MOPIIETA, see Mephitism. 
MORBEVX, Morbid. 
MORBI, see Morbus - m. Acquisiti, Acquired 
diseases - m. Acuti, see Acute - m. Adventitii, 
Acquired diseases-m. Anniversarii, Annual dis- 
eases-m. Annui, Annual diseases-in. Asthenici, 
Adynami® - m. Gelati, Feigned diseases - m. 
Chronici, Chronic diseases - m. Cognati, Innate 
diseases - m. Complicati, see Complication, Im- 
plicit'! morbi-m. Congeniti, Innate diseases-m. 
Connati, Connate diseases - m. Connexi, Con- 
junct morbi-m. Consequents, Conjunct! morbi 
-m. Constrictorii, see Spasmoticus-m. Derma- 
todes, see Dermatoid-m. Dispersi, Sporadic dis- 
eases- m. Dissimulati, Feigned diseases - m. 
Epicteti, Acquired diseases-m. Evolutionis, see 
Development - m. Hereditarii, Hereditary dis- 
eases- m. Homoedri, see Homoedrus-m. Infi- 
tiati, Feigned diseases-m. Interni, Internal dis- 
eases-m. Melancholici, see Mercurial-m. Mer- 
curiales, see Mercurial - m. Nervosi, Nervous 
diseases - m. Oceulti, see Latent - m. Olfactfls, 
Osmcnosi - m. Perplexi, see Complication - m. 
570 
MORBUS 
Pseudalei, Feigned diseases - ni. Recidiva, Re- 
lapse-m. Recursus, Palindromia-m. Sexuales, 
see Sexual-m. Sextls, Genonusi-m. Simulati, 
Feigned diseases - m. Sparsi, Sporadic diseases 
-m. Spasmotici, see Spasmoticus-m. Subacute, 
see Acute - m. Tactus, Ilaphonosi-in. Tropici, 
Troponusi. 
MORBID, Mor'bidus, Morbo'sus, Pathic, Path'- 
ical, Path'icus, (F.) Morbeux, Norbide; from mor- 
bus, 'a disease.' Diseased, or relating to disease. 
Morbid Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
MORBIF'IC, Morbif'icus, (F.) Morbifique; 
from morbus, ' a disease,' and facere, ' to make.* 
Causing or producing disease - as morbific ema- 
nations. 
MORBIDITY, Disease. 
MOBBILLEUX, Morbillous. 
MORBILLI, Rubeola - m. Confluentes, Scar- 
latina- m. Ignei, Scarlatina. 
MORBILLOSUS, Morbillous. 
MORBILLOUS, Morbillo'sus, Measly, (F.) 
Morbilleux. Affected or connected with measles. 
MORBOSUS, Sickly. 
MORBUS, Disease, see Morbi-m. Ainpul- 
laceus, Pemphigus-m. Anglicus, Rachitis - m. 
Aphrodisius, Syphilis - m. Arcuatus, Icterus 
- m. Arietis, Influenza - m. Arquatus, Icterus 
- m. Articularis, Gout - m. Astralis, Epilepsy 
- m. Attonitus, Apoplexy - m. a. Celsi, Cata- 
lepsy- m. Brightii, Kidney, Bright's disease of 
the -m. Bullosus, Pemphigus - m. Caducus, 
Epilepsy - in. Caeruleus, Cyanopathy-in. Cal- 
culi, Lithia-m. Cardiacus, Cardialgia - in. Ca- 
tarrhalis, Influenza-m. Catoxys, see Catoxys - 
m. Cerealis, Ergotism - in. Cerebralis Whyttii, 
Hydrocephalus Internus - m. Cirrhorum, Plica 
- in. Coeliacus, Cceliac flux - m. Comitialis, Epi- 
lepsy-in. Costalis, Pleuritis-m. Coxarius, Cox- 
arum morbus - m. Croatus, Scherlievo - in. Cu- 
eullaris, Pertussis - m. Cueullis, Pertussis - m. 
Cystophlegmaticus, Cystirrhcea-m. Daemoniacus, 
Epilepsy-m. Daemonius, Epilepsy-m. Deificus, 
Epilepsy-m.Dissolutus, Dysentery-m. Divinus, 
Epilepsy-m. Dominorum, Gout-m. Endemius, 
Endemic-m. Epidemicus, Epidemy-in. Epide- 
micus gutturis Foresti, Scarlatina-m. Erudito- 
rum, Hypochondriasis-m. Extrinsecus, External 
disease - m. Farciminosus, see Equinia-m. Fe- 
brilis, Pyreticosis - m. Fellifluus, Cholera - m. 
Flatuosus, Hypochondriasis - m. Fluminiensis, 
Scherlievo - m. Foedus, Epilepsy-m. Frigidus, 
Atrophy-m. Gallions, Syphilis - m. Gesticula- 
torius, Chorea-m. Gravis, see Serious - m. Hae- 
morrhoidalis, Hmmorrhois - m. Heracleus, Epi- 
lepsy- m. Herculeus, Epilepsy-in. Hispanicus, 
Syphilis - m. Hydrophobicus, Hydrophobia - m. 
Hypoqhondriacus, Hypochondriasis - in. Hyste- 
ricus, Hysteria - m. Idiopathicus, Idiopathia-• 
m. Indicus, Syphilis - m. Interlunius, Epilepsy 
-m. Ischiadicus, Neuralgia femoro-poplitsea-m. 
Italians, Syphilis - in. Jecinoris, Hepatitis - m. 
Lateralis, Pleuritis-m. Lazari, Elephantiasis - 
m. Lunaticus, Epilepsy - m. Luteolus, Icterus- 
m. Maeulosus haemorrhagicus Werlhofii, Purpura 
haemorrhagica-m. Magnus, Epilepsy-m. Major, 
Epilepsy-m. Mensalis, Epilepsy - m. Mercuri- 
alis, Eczema mereuriale, Hydrargyriasis - m. 
Metallicus, Colic, metallic - m. Mucosus, Fever, 
adeno-meningeal - m. Nauticus, Nausea marina 
- m. Neapolitans, Syphilis-tai. Niger, Melaena 
-m. Originalis, Idiopathia-m. Oesophagi, CEso- 
phagopathia-m. Oryzeus, Cholera-m. Pallidus, 
Chlorosis-m. Panccenus, Pandemic-m. Parthe- 
nius, Chlorosis - m. Pandemius, Pandemic - m. 
Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis-m. Peracutus, see Ca- 
toxys-m. Phoeniceus, Elephantiasis-in. Pilaris, 
Trichiasis-m. Plcuriticus, Pleuritis-m. Plum- 
beus, Lead-poisoning-m. Porcinus, Essera - m. MORCEAU 
Popularis, Epilepsy-m. Primarius, Idiopathia- 
in. Proprius, Idiopathia-in. Protopathicus, Idio- 
pathia- in. Proteiformis, see Proteiformis - tn. 
Psoadieus, Lumbar abscess - in. Publicus, Epi- 
demy- m. Puerilis, Epilepsy - m. Pulicularis, 
Typhus gravior-in. Pustulosus Finnicus, see 
Anthrax-in. Recidivus, Relapse-m. Recidivus, 
Palindromia-m. Regionalis, Endemic-m. Re- 
gius, Icterus-m. Resiccatorius, Hypochondriasis 
-m. Ructuosus, Hypochondriasis - in. Ructuo- 
sus, see Eructation-m. Sacer, Epilepsy-m. Sal- 
tatorius, Chorea-m. Sancti Joannis, Epilepsy- 
in. Sancti Valentini, Epilepsy-m. Scarlatinosus, 
Scarlatina-in. Scelestus, Epilepsy-m. Scrophu- 
losus, Scrofula - in. Secundarius, Deuteropathia 
- m. Seleniacus, Epilepsy-*m. Sideratus, Epi- 
lepsy- m. Silesiacus, Raphania- m. Simplex, 
Haplopathia-m. Solstitialis, Coup-de-Soleil-m. 
Sontieus, Epilepsy-in. Spasmodicus malignus 
seu popularis, Raphania - in. Strangulatorius, 
Cynanche trachealis-m. Sudatorius, Sudor An- 
glicus - m. Truculentus infantum, Cynanche 
trachealis - m. Tuberculosus, see Tubercle and 
Tubercular cachexia - in. Ungaricus, Fever, 
Hungaric - m. Verminosus, Helminthiasis - m. 
Vernaculus, Endemic-m. Vervecinus, Influenza 
- m. Vesicularis, Pemphigus - m. Virgineus, 
Chlorosis - m. Viridellus, Epilepsy - in. Vitrio- 
latus, Epilepsy-m. Vocis, Phononosus - m. 
Vulpis, Alopecia. 
MORCEAU DU DIABLE, see Tuba Fallo- 
piana-m. Frangi, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
MOR'DICANT, Mor'dicans, Calor mor'dicant. 
A morbid heat, causing a disagreeable pungent 
sensation in the fingers of the physician. 
MORDICES, Teeth : see Tooth. 
MOREA, Morus nigra. 
MORELLE, Boletus esculentus - m. d Fruit 
noir, Solatium - m. belladonna 
-m. en Grappes, Phytolacca deeandra-m. Grim- 
pante, Solanum dulcamara. 
MORETARIUM, Mortar. 
MORE'TUS, More'tum, from morum, 'the mul- 
berry.' Ancient name of a cordial julep, into the 
composition of which the syrup of mulberries 
entered.-Schroder. 
MORGAGN'I, HUMOUR OF, Humor Mor- 
gagnia'nus. A peculiar, transparent, slightly 
viscid fluid, found between the crystalline and 
its capsule. 
MORGELINE, Alsine media. 
MORGUE, (F). A dead-house, wherein per- 
sons, found dead, are exposed with the view of 
being recognized by their friends. 
MORIA, Idiotism-m. Demens, Idiotism, De- 
mentia-m. Demens lerema, see Dementia-m. 
Imbecilis amnesia, Amnesia. 
MORIBUND, Psychorages. 
MORINGA NUX BEN, Guilandina moringa- 
m. Oleifera, Guilandina moringa - m. Pterygo- 
sperma, Guilandina moringa-m. Zeylanica, Gui- 
landina moringa. 
MORION, Genital organ, Penis. 
MORIOPLAS'TICE, Chirur'gia curto'rum, Ch. 
Anaplas'tica, Restitu'tio organ'ica seu par'tium 
deperdita'rum,Transplanta'tio, Autoplat't ice, Ana- 
plas'tic Surgery, Autoplas'ty or Autoplastic or 
Plastic Surgery, Chirur'gia plas'tica, from pupiov, 
' a part,' and rXacriKot, 'forming.' The restora- 
tion of lost parts. The operations for this pur- 
pose have various names, according to the part 
concerned, as Cheiloplastice, Ceratoplastice, llhi- 
noplastice, &c. 
MORO, from morum, 'a mulberry:'-Morum, 
(F.) Mure. A small abscess resembling a mul- 
berry. A small tumour, of a similar appearance, 
particularly on the genital organs after impure 
coition. 
571 
MORPHINA 
MOROCII'TIIUS, Moroch'tus, Morochi'tes, Me- 
rochi'tes, Meroc'tes, Galax'ia, Leueograph'ia, (F.) 
Pierre au lait, Milk stone. An Egyptian stone, 
used by the ancients as an application to the in- 
tertrigo of children: probably a variety of fuller's 
earth, inasmuch as it appears to have been used 
by fullers. 
MOROCHITES, Morochthus. 
MOROCHTUS, Morochthus. 
MOROCOMIUM, Morotrophium. 
MORODOCHIUM, Morotrophium. 
MOROSIS, Fatuitas, Idiotism. 
MOROSITA'TES, from p<op<a, 'folly.' A ge- 
neric name given by Linnseus to an order of 
Vesaniae, in which he included pica, bulimia, 
polydipsia, antipathia, nostalgia, panophobia, sa- 
tyriasis, nymphomania, tarentismus, and hydro- 
phobia. 
MOROTROPH'IUM, Morocomi'um, Morodo- 
chi'um, from pwpo$, 'fatuous,' and rpotprj, 'support.* 
An insane establishment; a lunatic asylum; a 
mad-house. Under proper management, a valu- 
able institution ; but liable to various abuses. 
MORPHjEA, Morphew- m. Alba, Lepra al- 
phoides-m. Nigra, Lepra nigricans. 
MORPHEE, Morphew. 
MORPHEW, Morphoe'a, (F.) Morphee. A term 
vaguely applied to scurfy eruptions on the face. 
Morphrea was formerly applied to squamous dis- 
eases in general. 
MORPHIA, Morphina-m. Acetate of, Mor- 
phinae acetas - m. and Zinc, double iodide of, 
Zinc and Morphia, double iodide of-in. Citrato 
of, see Morphina-m. Muriate of, see Morphina 
-m. Sulphate of, Morphina; sulphas. 
MORPHIA! ACETAS, Morphiuae acetas - m. 
Sulphas, Morphines sulphas. 
MOR'PHICA, from yop</>ri, 'shape.' Monstro- 
sities of birth. The 3d order, class Typhica of 
Good. 
MORPHI'NA, Mor'phia, Mor'phium, Mor- 
phi'ne, Morphine, from Morpheus, the 'god of 
sleep.' A solid, colourless alkali; crystallizable 
in beautiful pyramids, truncated and transpa- 
rent; soluble in alcohol, and slightly so in boil- 
ing water. It exists, combined with meconic 
acid, in opium. It may be obtained by decom- 
posing, by means of ammonia or calcined mag- 
nesia, an aqueous solution of opium made in the 
cold. 
The following is the process of the Pharm. 
U.S. Ojonim, sliced, Ibj; distilled water, alcohol, 
animal charcoal, each a sufficient quantity; solu- 
tion of ammonia, Macerate the opium 
with four pints of distilled water for 24 hours, 
and having worked it with the hand, digest for 
24 hours, and strain. Macerate the residue twice 
successively with distilled water, and strain. Mix 
the infusions; evaporate to six pints, and filter; 
then add first five pints of alcohol, and afterwards 
three fluidounces of the solution of ammonia, 
previously mixed with half-a-pint of alcohol. 
After 24 hours, pour in the remainder of the 
solution of ammonia, mixed as before with half- 
a-pint of alcohol; and set the liquor aside for 24 
hours, that crystals may form. To purify these, 
boil them with two pints of alcohol till they aro 
dissolved; filter the solution, while hot, through 
animal charcoal, and set it aside to crystallize. 
Morphia dissolves perfectly in the acids, which 
it saturates; and with which it forms very crys- 
tallizable salts, with the exception of the acetate. 
All these salts have a bitter taste, and act upon 
the animal economy in the same manner as 
opium, but more powerfully. The acetate is the 
salt commonly employed in medicine. It was, at 
one time, supposed that Morphia is the purely MORPHIUM 
sedative part of opium, divested of its irritating 
properties; but experience has not confirmed 
this. On the contrary, it will generally disagree 
where opium does. Dose of morphia, J to f of a 
grain. 
Morphi'ice Ace'tas, Mor'phite Acetas, Ac"- 
etate of Morphine, Acetate of Morphia. A salt 
formed by saturating morphia with acetic acid. 
(Morphia, in powder, freed from narcotina by 
boiling with sulphuric ether, ; distilled icater, 
Oss; acetic acid, a sufficient quantity. Mix the 
morphia with the water; then carefully drop in 
the acid, constantly stirring until the morphia is 
saturated and dissolved. Evaporate the solution 
in a water-bath to the consistence of syrup. 
Lastly, dry the acetate with a gentle heat and 
rub it into powder.-Ph. U. S.) Dose, from J 
of a grain to a grain. 
Morphi'n.e Sulphas, Mor'phi.e Sulphas, 
Sulphate of Morphia. A salt, formed by satu- 
rating morphia with sulphuric acid, evaporating, 
and crystallizing. Dose, the same as of the 
acetate. 
Muriate and Citrate of Morphia have likewise 
been used; but they possess no advantages over 
the other salts. The sulphate and muriate are 
officinal in the Ph. U. S. 
MORPHIUM, Morphina. 
MORPHOLOG"ICAL, Morpholog"icus, from 
Itofxpri, ' shape,' and Xoyoy, ' a description.' That 
which has relation to the anatomical conforma- 
tion of parts. Applied, at times, to the altera- 
tions in the form of the several parts of the em- 
bryo, in contradistinction to histological, which 
is applied to the transformation by which the 
tissues are gradually generated. In comparative 
anatomy, it is applied to the history of the mo- 
difications of forms, which the same organ under- 
goes in different animals. 
MORPHOLOGY, Anatomy. 
MORPHOLY'SIS, from 'shape,' and 
Xvais, 'solution.' Destruction of organization. 
An agent, that occasions such destruction, is 
called a morpholyt'ic. 
MORPHOLYTIC, see Morpholysis. 
MORPHON'OMY, Morphonom'ia: from pop<f>n, 
'shape,' and vo/ios, 'a law.' The laws of organic 
formation. The department of anatomical science 
which teaches the laws of organic configuration. 
MORPHOTOMY, see Anatomy. 
MORPIO, see Pediculus. 
MOllPION, Crab-louse, see Pediculus. 
MORS, Death-m. Apparens, Asphyxia-m. 
Putativa, Aphyxia - m. Repentina, Demotivus 
lapsus - m. du Diable, Scabiosa succisa. 
MORSELLUS, Tabella. 
MORSULI ANTIMONIALES, Tabella) anti- 
moniales Kunckelii - m. Stibii, Tabella) antimo- 
niales Kunckelii. 
MORSULUS, Tabella. 
MORSURE, Degmos. 
MORSUS, Degmos-m. Diaboli, Scabiosa suc- 
cisa, see Tuba Fallopiana - m. Gallina?, Alsine 
media-m. Stomachi, Cardialgia-m. Ventriculi, 
Cardial gia. 
MORT, Death-m. Apparente, Asphyxia - m. 
du Chien, Cholera - m. aux Chiens, Colchicum 
autumnale-m. aux Panthires, Doronicum parda- 
lianches. 
MORTA, Pemphigus. 
MORTAL, Morta'lis, from mors,mortis, 'death.' 
Letha'lis, Leta'lis, Th.anato'des, Thanas'imus,(Y.) 
Mortel. That which is subject to death; - that 
which causes death : - as, man is mortal; a dis- 
ease is mortal. Of old, it was the custom to have 
a division of mortal wounds, which gave rise to 
many errors in medico-legal investigations, as the 
mortality of wounds depends upon various cir- 
572 
MORTALITY 
cumstances; and it is often a matter of extreme 
difficulty to pronounce whether or not a wound is 
necessarily mortal. 
MORTAL'ITY, Mortal'itaa, Lethal'itas, LetaV- 
itas, (F.) Mortality. This word, taken in anextend- 
ed sense, expresses the condition of all organized 
bodies,-of being subject to the cessation of life. 
In the sense in which it is most frequently em- 
ployed, it signifies,-the proportional quantity of 
individuals who, in a certain population, die in a 
given time. If we assume the population of the 
earth to be one thousand millions, and a genera- 
tion to last thirty-three years; in that space of 
time the one thousand millions must all die, 
and, consequently, the number of deaths will be, 
by approximation,* 
Each year 30,000,000 
Each day 82,109 
Each hour 3,421 
Each minute 57 
Each second 1 nearly. 
If, on the other hand, as has been supposed, 
the number of deaths is to that of the births as 
ten to twelve : there will be born, 
Each year 36,000,000 
Each day 98,356 
Each hour 4,098 
Each minute 68 
Each second 1 & 2-15ths. 
It has been estimated that the average mor- 
tality of the Pays du Vaud, is 1 in 49; of Swe- 
den and Holland, 1 in 48 ; of Russia, 1 in 41; of 
France, 1 in 40; of Austria, 1 in 38; of Prussia 
and Naples, 1 in 33 to 35; of England, 1 in 45; 
and of South America, 1 in 30. The same rate 
of mortality has been given to the United States 
as to France; but the statistical details on all 
this matter have been inadequate, and-it is not 
improbable-inaccurate. The following has been 
given as the annual mortality of some of the 
chief cities of this country and Europe : (See the 
author's Human Health, p. 101: Philadelphia, 
1844.) Philadelphia, 1 in 45.68; Glasgow, 1 in 
44; Manchester, 1 in 44; Geneva, 1 in 43; Bos- 
ton, 1 in 41.26; Baltimore, 1 in 41; London, 1 in 
40; New York, 1 in 37.83; St. Petersburgh, 1 in 
37; Charleston, 1 in 36.50; Leghorn, 1 in 35; 
Berlin, 1 in 34; Paris, Lyons, Strasburg, and 
Barcelona, 1 in 32; Nice and Palermo, 1 in 31 ; 
Madrid, 1 in 29; Naples, 1 in 28; Brussels, 1 in 
26; Rome, 1 in 25; Amsterdam, 1 in 24; and 
Vienna, 1 in 22J. 
In the cities, the mortality under two years of 
age bears a large ratio. This is exhibited by the 
following table: 
Ages. 
London. 
Philad. 
Baltimore. 
Under 1 year,) 
■ 28.52 
22.7 
24.11 
From 1 to 2, J 
8.6 
8.55 
2 to 5, 
9.97 
7.3 
11.18 
5 to JO, 
4.33 
4. 
5. 
10 to 20, 
4.03 
5. 
6.3 
20 to 30, 
6.64 
12. 
9.87 
30 to 40, 
40 to 50, 
8.08 
12. 
10.58 
8.89 
10. 
8.88 
50 to 60, 
8.89 
7.2 
5.78 
60 to 70, 
9.15 
5. 
4.5 
70 to 80, 
7.83 
3.5 
3. 
80 to 90, 
3.18 
1.9 
1.67 
90 to 100, 
0.40 
0.5 
0.26 
100 to 110, 
- 
0.09 ) 
0.18 
110 to 120, 
- 
0.013 J 
It would not be proper to regard the value of 
life in different countries, or in different periods 
in the same country, to be indicated by the ave- 
rage mortality; inasmuch as in one case a greate| MORTAR 
mortality may occur amongst children, and in 
another amongst adults. 
Mortality, Bills of, Bills of Necrol'ogy, 
Mor'tuary Reg"isters, (F.) Tables de Mortality. 
Tables, instituted for the purpose of exhibiting 
the number of deaths, Ac. in a given time. Well- 
kept bills of mortality are of great use to the phy- 
sician and political economist. Those of London 
were proverbial for their inaccuracy and in- 
sufficiency; especially as regards the complaints 
of which the persons have died. They were for- 
merly made out by the parish clerks, and the in- 
formai'on was conveyed to them by two old wo- 
men, wha were appointed in each parish, and 
were called Searchers ;- their duty being to see 
that the deceased had died a natural death. This 
miserable system has, however, been abolished; 
and the Registrar-General's annual reports of 
births, deaths, and marriages, exhibit how admi- 
rably vital statistics are now conducted in Great 
Britain. 
MORTAR, Horta'rium, Moreta'rium, Morto'- 
rium, Pino, Ac'one, Pila, Holmos, Igde, Igdus, 
(F.) Mortier. A vessel for reducing to powder 
different solid substances, and for making certain 
mixtures. Various substances are employed in 
the construction of mortars;-iron, marble, glass, 
wedgewood ware, <tc. 
MORTARIOLUM, Alveolus. 
MORT EL, Mortal. 
MO fl TIER, Mortar. 
MORTIFER, Lethiferous. 
MORTIFICATIO, Mortification-m. Pulmo- 
num, Necropneumonia. 
MORTIFICA'TION, Mortifica'tio, Necro'sis, 
Sphacela' tion, from mors, 'death,' and fio, 'I be- 
come.' The loss of vitality in a part of the body. 
The incipient stage of mortification, when the 
case is still recoverable, is called Gangrene; when 
totally destroyed, Sphacelus. Mortification of a 
bone is called Necrosis. 
Mortification, Cold, Sphacelus-m. Ergot, 
Ergotism - m. Hot, Gangrene - m. Mildew, Er- 
gotism. 
MORTOOTH, Cupri sulphas. 
MORTUARY REGISTERS, Mortality, bills of. 
MOR UM, see Morus nigra - m. Palpebra? in- 
terna?, Trachoma carunculosum. 
MORUS NIGRA, J/. lacinia'ta, Mtd'berry 
Tree, More'a, Sycami'nos, (F.) Mtirter Noir. The 
fruit of the mulberry tree, Morwn, Sycami'num, 
(F.) Mtire, is pleasant, sweet, subacid, and 
abounds with a deep violet-coloured juice. A 
syrup is directed in the London Pharmacopoeia. 
The bark of the root has been regarded as an 
anthelmintic. 
MORUS RUBRA, Red Mulberry, Wild Mul- 
berry ; indigenous. The root has been used to 
destroy taenia. 
MOR VE, Mucus, Nasal mucus; see Equinia- 
tn. Earcineuse, see Equinia. 
MOS. Habit. 
Mos Morbi Benig'ncs, seu Malig'nus. The 
benign, or malignant character of a disease. 
MOSCHARDI' NA, Miiseer' da, from 
' musk.' A lozenge for the mouth, composed of 
musk, ambergris, and other aromatics. 
MOSCHELjE'ON, Moscolce'a. A compound 
aromatic oil, containing musk. 
M0SC1IUS, Musk-m. Arabutn, Hibiscus abel- 
moschus-m. Factitious, Musk, artificial. 
MOSCOLASA, Moschelaeon. 
MOSLICH, Maslach. 
MOSQUITA, see Mosquito. 
MOSQUTTO (S.) Diminutive of (S.) mosca, 'a 
fly.' Musquito. A very troublesome insect in 
warm, moist situations. Curtains, called Mosquito 
curtains, are used in India, by way of protection. 
573 
MOTORY 
The entrance of mosquitos into the bedchamber 
may also be prevented, to a certain extent, by 
keeping the doors and windows closed until the 
lights are extinguished. The pain and itching 
from the bites are alleviated by washing them 
with hartshorn. 
Mosquita is a name given, by the Portuguese, 
to small, red pimples on the skin, resembling the 
bites of the musquito. 
MOSS BERRY, Vaccinium oxycoccos - m. 
Ceylon. Fucus amylaceus-m. Club, Lycopodium 
-m. Cup, Lichen pyxidatus-m. Iceland, Lichen 
Islandicus-m. Irish, Fucus crispus-m. Marine, 
Fucus amylaceus. 
MOTA, Fagus castanea. 
MOTAMEN, Motion. 
MOTATIO, Motion. 
MOTE. Carbasus, Linteum. 
MOTE UR, Motory. 
MOTHER'S MARKS, Naevus - m. Spots, 
Naevus. 
MOTHERWORT, Leonurus cardiaca, Matri- 
caria. 
MOTIL'ITY, Motil'itas, from motus, ' move- 
ment.' (F.) Motilite, Motricite. Faculty of mov- 
ing; moving power; contractility. 
MOTION, Motus, Mo'tio, Mota'tio, Mota'men, 
Commo'tio, Permo'tio, Cine'sis, Movement, (F.) 
Mouvement. The act of changing place. The 
various motions may be divided into,-First, the 
voluntary or those that are executed under the 
influence of the brain. Secondly, the involuntary, 
which may be subdivided into, 1, The excited, of 
the reflex function of Dr. Marshall Hall and 
others,-as the closure of the larynx on the con- 
tact of acrid vapours, of the pharynx on that of 
the food,-a function of the spinal marrow; and 
2. Those that are executed under the organic and 
other nerves of involuntary function. It is pro- 
bable, too, that every living tissue is capable of 
moving responsive to its appropriate irritant. See 
Irritability. 
Motion, Ciliary, see Cilia - m. Involuntary, 
see Automatic - m. Vibratory, see Ciliary - m. 
Voluntary, Autocinesis. 
MOTIVE, Motory. 
MOTOR, Motory. 
Motor Oculi Exter'nus, Nervus tim'idus, 
(F.) Nerf oculo-nvusculaire externe (Ch.), Nerf 
rnoteur ocnlaire ext erne, Sixth pair of nerves, 
arises from the furrow which separates the pons 
Varolii from the medulla oblongata. It enters 
the cavernous sinus; anastomoses on the outside 
of the carotid artery with two filaments furnished 
by the superior cervical ganglion ; enters the or- 
bit by the sphenoidal fissure, and is lost on the 
rectus externus oculi. This pair is, also, called 
Abducentes. 
Moto'res Oculo'rum, Moto'rii Ocvlorum, Ocu- 
la'res commn'nes, Ophthal'mici exter'ni, Common 
Oculo-muscular Nerves, (F.) Nerfs moteurs ocn- 
laires commune, (Ch.,) The third pair of nerves. 
This nerve arises from a depression at the inner 
side of the peduncles of the brain, between the 
tuber annulare and corporamammillaria. It enters 
the outer part of the cavernous sinus, and passes 
into the orbitar cavity. Behind the sphenoidal 
fissure, it divides into two branches ; the one su- 
perior, and the other inferior. The former is 
lost on the rectus superior oculi and the levator 
palpebrae superioris ; the latter-the larger of the 
two-divides into three branches, which pass to 
the rectus internus, rectus inferior, and lesser 
oblique. The last furnishes a filament, which, 
passes to the ophthalmic ganglion. 
MOTORIAL, Motory. 
MO'TORY, Motive, Motor, Moto'rial, Matrix, 
Kinet'ic or Cinet'ic, (F.) Moteur. That which 574 
MOTOS 
moves or causes movement, as motor nerves, in 
contradistinction to sensory. 
MOTOS, Linteum, Tent. 
MOTO'SIS, yoroi, ' charpie.' The application 
of charpie to a wound. 
MOTRICITii, Motility. 
MOTRIX, Motory. 
MOTTE, Mons veneris. 
MOT UM, Carbasus, Linteum. 
MOTUS, Motion - m. Assimilationis, Plastic 
force-m. Automations, see Automatic-m. Com- 
pressorius, Peristole-m. Cordis diastalticus, Dia- 
stole-m. Haemorrhoidalis, Haemorrhois-m. In- 
testinorum, Borborygmus-m. Involuntarius, see 
Autocinesis-m. Peristalticus, Peristole-m. Tes- 
tudineus, Peristole-in. Vermicularis, Peristole- 
m. Voluntarius, Autocinesis. 
MO UCHE, Cantharis-m. d'Espagne, Can- 
tharis. 
M OUCH ER FACTION DE, Munctio. 
MOUCHES, see Pains, labour - m. Volantes, 
Bee Metamorphopsia. 
MOUCHETURE, see Scarification. 
MOUCHOIR EN TRIANGLE, Couvrechef, 
Bee Bandeau. 
MOUFETTE, see Mephitism. 
MOULD, Fontanella. 
MOULE, Mvtilus edulis. 
MOULEUR, Muller. 
MOULTING, Desquamation. 
MOUREILLER, Malpighia mourella. 
MOURON DES OISE AUX, Alsine media- 
m. Rouge, Anagallis. 
MOUSE-EAR, Alsine media, Hieracium pilo- 
sella. 
MOUSE-SIGHT, Myopia. 
MOUSSE DE CORSE, Corallina Corsicana 
-m. d'Island, Fucus crispus - m. Perlee, Fucus 
crispus. 
MOUSSERON, see Agaric. 
MOUSSEUX, Frothy. 
MOUSTACHE, Mystax. 
MOUT DE LA BIERE, Wort. 
MOUTARDE, Sinapis. 
MOUTH, Sax. muS, Os, Cavum Oris, Stoma, 
(F.) Bouche. This word sometimes signifies the 
cavity situate between the jaws, and containing 
the tongue, <fcc.;-at others, the outer orifice of 
that cavity. The mouth, in the first acceptation, 
Cav'itas seu Spa'tium Oris, is the cavity; bound- 
ed, above, by the palatine arch; below, by the 
tongue ; before, by the lips; and behind, by the 
velum palati and pharynx. The sides of the 
mouth and the organs it contains are lined by a 
mucous membrane. The anterior aperture of the 
mouth is, sometimes, called facial-the posterior, 
pharyngeal. In the mouth are the teeth, gums, 
alveolar margins, tongue; the excretory ducts of 
the salivary glands, and those of a number of 
mucous follicles, <fcc. It is in this cavity that the 
food is cut, torn, or bruised by the teeth; is im- 
pregnated with saliva, and formed into a mass or 
bolus, which is then subjected to the act of deglu- 
tition. The mouth contains the organs of taste; 
and it serves in respiration, articulation, expec- 
toration, suction, <tc. 
The condition of the mouth requires to be at- 
tended to in Semeiology. The state of the mucous 
membrane, like that of the tongue, indicates the 
condition of the membrane of the alimentary ca- 
nal generally. 
Mouth, Os, Apertura, Orific''ium, Hia'tus, 
Peristo'mium, is, also, applied to the open extre- 
mities of vessels or other canals. 
Mouth Root, Coptis - m. Sore, Aphthae - m. 
Watering, see Salivation. 
MOUVEMENT, Motion. 
MUCILAGO 
MOVEMENT, Motion. 
MOXA, Moxibu' rium. A word by which the 
Chinese and Japenese designate a cottony sub- 
stance, which they prepared by beating the dried 
leaves of the Artemisia moxa,- a kind of mug- 
wort. With this down they form a cone, which 
is placed upon the part intended to be cauterized, 
and is set fire to at the top. The heat and pain 
gradually increase, in proportion as the combus- 
tion proceeds downwards, until ultimately an 
eschar may be formed. In Europe and this 
country, the same operation is usually practised 
with a cylinder of cotton-wool, or with one formed 
from the pith of the greater sun-flower. This 
mode of cauterization is employed as a powerful 
counter-irritant; which it assuredly is. Slough- 
ing maybe in some measure prevented, according 
to Baron Larrey, by the application of liquid am- 
monia to the burnt part. 
The term moxa has been extended to any sub- 
stance, which by gradual combustion on or near 
the skin is employed as a counter-irritant. 
MOXIBURIUM, Moxa. 
MOXIBUS'TION, Moxibus'tio, Encau'sis. 
Mode of cauterization by means of moxa. 
MOXON'S EFFERVESCING MAGNESIA, 
see Magnesia, effervescing, Moxon's. 
MUCAGO, Liquor sanguinis, Mucilage. 
MUCARUM, Mucharam. 
MUCCINIUM, Mucilage. 
MUCEDO, Mucilage. 
MUCIIA'RUM, Muca'rum. A barbarous term, 
formerly used for an aqueous infusion of roses, 
sweetened, and evaporated to the consistence of 
syrup. 
MUCIFIC, Blennogenous. 
MU'CIFORM, Muciform'is, Myxo'des, Blen- 
no'des, Blenno'i'des, Blenndi'deus, from mucus, 
and forma, ' form.' Resembling mucus in cha- 
racter or appearance. 
MU'CILzVGE, Mucila'go, Muca'go, Muce'do, 
Muccin'ium, from the Lat. mucus,-itself presumed 
to be from mungere, ' to wipe the nose.' A mix- 
ture of gum and a small quantity of matter ana- 
logous to mucus, which is found in abundance in 
linseed, quince-seed, <tc. It is obtained by heat- 
ing with water the parts, or products, of plants 
which contain it. It is much used in the prepa- 
tion of emollient cataplasms and the greater part 
of the demulcent tisanes. 
Mucilage, see Liquor sanguinis-m. Animal, 
Mucus - m. of Quince-seeds, Decoctum cydonise 
- m. of Rice, see Oryza - m. of Sassafras Pith, 
Infusum sassafras medullae-m. Starch, Mucilago 
amyli. 
MUCILAGINEUX, Mucilaginous. 
MUCILAG"INOUS, Mucilagino'sus, Gummo'- 
sus, Gummio'des, Gummido'des, (Id.) Mucilagineux. 
Gummy. Resembling gum. That which pos- 
sesses the character of mucilage. 
MUCILAGO, Mucilage, Synovia. 
Mucilago Aca'cije, JI. Acacia Arab'ica, M. 
Gummi Arab'ica, Mucilage of aca'cia, M. of gum, 
Arabic. (Acacia gum. contus. §iv; aq. bullient. 
Oss. Rub the gum with the water gradually 
added.) Demulcent. To allay cough ; but, chiefly, 
to suspend insoluble matters in water, <tc. 
Mucilago Au'yli, Starch mucilage. (Amyli, 
5>'j ; aqua, Oj. Rub the starch with the water 
gradually added ; then boil till it forms a muci- 
lage.-Ph. L.) Demulcent. Generally given per 
aimn. 
Mucilago Articulorum seu Juncturarum, 
Synovia. 
Mucilago Astrag'ali Tragacan'thas, M. tra- 
gacantha (Ph. U. S.), M. gummi tragacautha, Mu- 
cilage of tragacanth. (Gummi tragacanth, ; 
aqua bullient. Oj. Macerate for 24 hours; tritu- MUCIN 
Tate till the gum is dissolved, and press through 
linen.) For pharmaceutical purposes. 
Mucilago Cretica, Misturae cret®-m. Gum- 
mi Arabici, M. acacia;-m. Seminis cydonii mali, 
Decoctum cydoni®-m. Gummi tragacanthee, M. 
astragali tragacanth®-m. Tragacanth®, M. astra- 
gali tragacanth®. 
MUCIN. Mucus. 
MUCIP'AROUS, Mucip'arus, from mucus, and 
pario, 'I bring forth.' Mucous-producing; as 
muciparous glands or follicles. 
MUCKSWEAT, Desudatio. 
MUCOCE'LE, Hernia sacci lacryma'lis, from 
mucus, and Knhn, 'rupture.' An enlargement or 
protrusion of the mucous membrane of the lachry- 
mal passages, giving occasion to fistula lacry- 
malis. Also, dropsy of the lachrymal sac. 
MUCO-ENTERITIS, see Enteritis. 
MUCO-PU'RULENT, Muco-purulen'tus, Pyo- 
blen'nicus, from mucus, and pus. Having the 
character or appearance of mucus and pus. 
MUCOR, Euros, Mucus - m. Narium, Nasal 
mucus. 
MUCOSITAS, Mucus. 
MUCOS'ITY, Mucos'itas. A fluid, which re- 
sembles mucus, or contains a certain quantity 
of it. 
MUCOUS, Muco'sus. An epithet for all bodies 
containing mucilage or mucus. It is, also, some- 
times used synonymously with gummy. In pa- 
thology, it is occasionally employed to express the 
seat of a disease, as mucous disease, mucous phleg- 
masia; that is, having its seat in a mucous mem- 
brane. 
Mucous Corpuscles, see Mucus - m. Layer, 
see Tache embryonnaire - m. Membranes, see 
Membranes - m. Web, Corpus mucosum. 
MUCRO, Apex. 
Mucro seu Cor'yphe seu Fundus seu Vertex 
Cordis. The apex or point of the heart. 
Mucro Humeri, Acromion. 
MUCRONATA CARTILAGO, Xiphoid car- 
tilage. 
MUCRONATUM OS, Xiphoid cartilage. 
MU'CULENT, Muculen'tus, from mucus. Slimy, 
viscid. 
MUCUNA, see Dolichos pruriens - m. Pru- 
riens, Dolichos pruriens - m. Prurita, see Do- 
lichos. 
MUCUS, Mucor, Muco'sus humor, Mucos'itas, 
Myxa, Mycus, Lape, Pitui'la, Zoomy'cus, Zoo- 
myx'a, Pit'uite, Animal mucus, Blenna, Animal 
mucilage, (F.) Muqueux animal, Morve, Mucilage 
575 
MULIEBROSUS 
- 
animal, presumed to be from mungere, 'to wipe 
the nose.' A substance, analogous to vegetable 
mucilage; from which, however, it differs, by 
affording subcarbonate of ammonia on distilla- 
tion. Mucus exudes through the skin, in a state 
of combination with a peculiar oily matter; and, 
drying, forms the epidermis. It constitutes, in 
part, the different epidermeous productions, as 
the hair, nails, wool, and horn of animals, feathers U 
of birds, and scales of fish. It is found at the 
surface of the mucous membranes, and presents 
some difference in its composition and properties, 
according to the particular mucous membrane 
from which it is obtained. Its chief organic con- 
stituent is an albuminous compound, - mucin. 
Mucus preserves the membranes moist, and in a 
state best fitted for the performance of their func- 
tions. The French give the term glaire to the 
thick, stringy mucus, secreted by the mucous 
membranes when in a state of disease. 
When mucus is examined with the microscope 
it is found to contain numerous epithelial scales 
or flattened cells; together with round, granular 
bodies, which are commonly termed mucous cor- 
puscles or mucous globules. 
Mucvs Carphodes, see Carphodes-m. Ca~ 
tharticus, Lichen Islandicus-m. Malpighii, Cor- 
pus mucosum-in. Narium, Nasal mucus. 
MUD-APPLE PLANT, Solanum melongena. 
MUDAR, Madar. The Calotropis mudarii 
seu madarii; or, according to the generality of 
authorities, the C. gigante'a or Ascle'pias gigan- 
te'a. In the Hindoo practice of physic, the bark 
of the root, as well as the concrete juice of the 
plant, enters into various compound formulae for 
the cure of elephantiasis and many other disor- 
ders. Experiments instituted by Dr. Duncan, jr., 
exhibit its properties to be like those of ipeca- * 
cuanha. 
MUDGE'S INHALER, see Inhaler. 
MUGUET, Aphthae, Convallaria maialis - m. 
des Bois, Asperula odorata-m. de Mai, Conval- 
laria maialis. 
MUGWORT, Artemisia vulgaris. 
MULA THE, Mulatto. 
MULATTO, (F.) Muldtre, (S.) Mulata. An 
individual of the human species engendered of a 
white and black race; from mulus, 'a mule.' 
The following table exhibits the proportion of 
white blood in the various castes, - arising from 
the hybridous admixture of white and black,- 
according to the principles sanctioned by usage. 
PARENTS. 
OFFSPRING. 
DEGREE OF MIXTURE. 
Negro and White, 
....Mulatto, 
1-2 White, 
1-2 B4aek. 
White and Mulatto, 
....Terceron, 
3-4 
1-4 
Negro and Mulatto, 
f Griffo, Griff, or Zambo, 1 
( or Black Terceron, J 
1-4 
3-4 
White and Terceron, 
....Quarteron or Quadroon, 
7-8 
1-8 
Negro and Terceron, 
....Black Quarteron or Quadroon,... 
1-8 
7-8 
White and Quarteron, 
....Quinteron, 
....15-16 
1-16 
Negro and Black Quarteron,... 
....Black Quinteron, 
1-16 
15-16 
The last two were considered to be respectively 
white and black, in the British West India 
Islands; and the former, prior to modern changes, 
were white by law; and consequently free. See 
Half-caste. 
MULBERRY CALCULUS, see Calculi, uri- 
nary- m. Rash, see Typhus - m. Red, Morus 
rubra - m. Tree, Morus nigra - m. Wild, Morus 
rubra. 
MULES! (F.). Mulat. Chilblains on the heels. 
MULGE'DIUM ACUMINA'TUM, Lactu'ca 
villo'sa, Blue Lettuce; and 
Mttlge'dh'M Florida'num, Lactu'ca Florida'- 
na, Sonchus Flo'rida'nus, False Lettuce; indige- 
nous plants; Order, Compositae : have the repu- 
tation of curing the hites of rattlesnakes. 
MULIEBRIA, Menses, Vulva. 
MULIEBRITY, Mulieritas. 
MULIEBROS'ITAS, Philogyn'ia, from mulier, 
'a woman,' muliebra, 'appertaining to women.* 
Fondness for women. lienee, Mulieltro'sut, Mu- 
liera'rius, and Muliero'sus; one who is fond of 
women. 
MULIEBROSUS, see Muliebrositas. MULIERARIUS 
MULIERARIUS, see Muliebrositas. 
M U LIE'RITAS, Mulieb'rity, Womanhood,from 
tnulier, 'a woman.' The state of puberty in the 
female. 
MULIEROSUS, see Muliebrositas. 
MULIER PLENA, Pregnant. 
MULLED WINE, see Wine. 
MULLEIN, BLACK, Verbascum nigrum-m. 
Broad-leaved, great, Verbascum nigrum - m. 
Yellow, Verbascum nigrum. 
MULLER, (F.) JfowZewr. A moulder. A stone 
held in the hand, with which any powder is 
ground upon a flat horizontal stone. It is some- 
times called mullet, (F.) Mollette. 
MULLIGRUBS, Tormina, Colic. 
MULOMEDICINA, Veterinary art. 
MULOMEDICUS, see Hippiater. 
MULSA ACIDA, Oxyglycus. 
MULSUM, Hydromeli-m. Vinosum, (Enomol. 
MULTIFIDUS SPINAS, Transversalis dorsi. 
MULTIFCETA'TION, Multifoeta'tio, from m«Z- 
tug, ' many,' and foetug. Pregnancy with more 
than two foetuses. 
MULTILOC'ULAR, Mult llocula' rig, from ?nuZ- 
tug, ' many,' and loculue, ' a cell.' Having many 
cells or cavities. 
MULTIMAM'Mj®, from rnuZtiM, 'many,' and 
mamma, ' a breast.' A variety of hypergenesis, 
in which there are supernumerary mammae. 
MULTIP'AROUS, (V.) Multipare, from muling, 
' many,' and parire, ' to bring forth.' One that 
brings forth several young at the same time. Such 
a birth is called plural. 
MULTITUDO, Plethora. 
MULTIVORANTIA, Polyphagia. 
MUMIA, Mummy. 
MUMMIFICA'TION, from mummy, and fio, 
' to make.' Sceleteu'gis. The mode of preparing 
a mummy. 
MUMMY, Mumia, Arab. Moumya, from mum, 
'wax.' Rebolea, Rebona, (F.) Momie. A dead 
body simply dried, or dried after having been 
embalmed. The latter acceptation is the most 
common. Formerly, the Egyptian mummy was 
extolled as useful in contusions. It was pre- 
sumed, also, to have healing, tonic, and resolvent 
properties. It is now only regarded as an archai- 
cal curiosity. 
MUMPS, Cynanche parotidea. 
MUNC'TIO, Apomer'is, (F.) I'Action de mou- 
cher. The act of blowing the nose. 
MUNDIFICANTIA, Detergents. 
MUNDIFICATIVA, Detergents. 
MUND'TIA SPINO'SA. A plant of the Nat. 
Ord. Polygaleae, which grows in Southern Africa, 
and a decoction of whose branches is used in 
atrophy, phthisis, &c. 
MUNGOS RADIX, Ophiorrhiza mungos. 
MUNIMENTUM CASTITATIS, Hymen. 
MUQUEUX ANIMAL, Mucus. 
MUR, Coryza. 
MURAL, Mura'lig, from mttrtca, 'a wall.' Ve- 
sical calculi are so called when rugous and co- 
vered with tubercles or asperities. They are 
composed of oxalate of lime. 
MURE, Moro, see Morus nigra. 
MU'RIA, Halme, Sa lei la' go, Brine, (F.) Sau- 
mure. This was formerly used as a glyster in 
dysentery, in certain inveterate neuralgiae, &e. 
Muria, Soda, muriate of. 
MURIAS AURICO-NATRICUM, see Gold. 
MURIATE B'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonise 
murias-m. d' Ammoniaque et de fer, Ferrum am- 
moniatum-m. d'Or, Gold, muriate of, see Gold. 
MURIAT'IC AC''ID, from murtoy Ac"idum 
tali'g, Spir'itug ealig mari'ni, Sp. galis Glaube'ri, 
Acidum mari'num concentra'tum, Acidnm ealig 
"ulina'rig, Acidum galie marini, Spir'itug ealie 
576 
MUSA 
ac"idus sen fumans, Acidum hydrochlor'icum seu 
muriaticum, Spirit of salt, (F.) Ari de hydrochlo- 
rique ou muriatique. An aqueous solution of 
chlorohydric acid gas of s. g. 1.16. The odour 
of muriatic acid is suffocating; taste very acid 
and caustic. It is nearly colourless when pure; 
but commonly of a pale yellow; volatile; the 
fumes visible. Muriatic acid is possessed of tonic 
and antiseptic properties. It is used in typhus ; 
cutaneous eruptions; in gargles for inflammatory 
and putrid sore throats, (gtt. xxx to of wa- 
ter,) <tc. When added to a pediluvium, it ren- 
ders it stimulating. 
Acidum Muriat'icum Dilu'tum of the Ph. U. 
S. contains four ounces, by measure, of muriatic 
acid to twelve ounces of distilled water. 
MURIDE, Bromine. 
MURIER NOIR, Morns nigra. 
MURIGENE, Chlorine. 
MURINA, Bromine. 
MURMUR, (F.) Jfurmure. A word existing 
both in the Romanic and Teutonic languages, and 
probably a variety of onomatopoeia;-mur mur 
expressing the kind of sound which the word in- 
dicates. A low continued or continuously re- 
peated sound, as that of flame, or of a stream 
running over a stony bottom. 
Murmur Aurium, Tinnitus Aurium - m. In- 
testinale seu intestinorum seu Ventris, Borboryg- 
mus. 
Murmur, Res'piratory. The noise heard 
during inspiration and expiration, especially the 
former. It is produced by the passage of the air 
through the bronchial tubes and into the air-cells. 
Il has been also called murmur of the expansion 
of the lungs; and, when distinctly vesicular, Re- 
spiration of the cells or vesicular respiration, (F.) 
Respiration vesiculaire. Vesicular respiration is 
of course absent when the cells of the lungs have 
been obliterated from any cause. We may then 
have the Respiration nulle, Absence du bruit re- 
spiratoire, Silence, and Respiration silencieuse of 
the French writers. 
At times, it is rude during inspiration or expi- 
ration, or both - the Respiration rude or R. rd- 
peuse of the French. At others, there is a blow- 
ing sound, (F.) Souffle, Respiration soufffante, as 
if some one were blowing into the auscultator's 
ear through a tube. This is heard in the healthy 
state over the larynx, trachea, and about the bi- 
furcation of the bronchia; but when it proceeds 
from the lungs it denotes disease. It may be 
tubular or diffused. In the former, the whiffing 
murmurs appear to occur in a space limited to the 
immediate neighbourhood of the part examined. 
In the latter, they are produced with but mode- 
rate intensity, and sometimes at a distance from 
the ear, over a tolerably extended space. 
The respiration, perceived over the trachea and 
bronchia in health, is called tracheal or bronchial 
or tubal, (F.) Respiration bronchique, Souffle tu- 
baire, according to the situation in which it is 
heard. 
Murmur, Uterine, Bruit placentaire - m. 
Utero-placental, Bruit placentaire. 
Murmur, Whiffing, see Murmur, respiratory. 
MURR, Murrain, from A. S. mypphan, 'to 
destroy,'or from (L.)mori, 'to die.' (F.) (llaveau, 
Clavelee, Pestilential Fever. An epizootic, per- 
haps contagious, disease, having some resemblance 
to small-pox, which affects cattle - especially 
sheep; and is said to have been transferred to 
man. 
Murrain, Coryza, Murr. 
MURREN, Coryza. 
MUSA, M. Paradisiaca - m. Cliffortiana, M. 
Paradisiaca-m. Mensaria, M. Paradisiaca. 
Musa Paradisi'aca, Musa, M. Minsa'ria seu MUSC 
Uliffortia'na, Amusa, Palma liu'milis, Ficus In'- 
dica, Bata, Plat'anus. The Plantain tree. Fa- 
mily, Musaceae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Monogy- 
nia. It grows in many parts of India and South 
America. The fruit, which is largely eaten for 
bread, consists of a mealy substance. It is clam- 
my; has a sweetish taste, and will dissolve in the 
mouth without chewing. The whole spike of 
fruit often weighs forty or fifty pounds. The 
leaves of the tree serve the Indians for table- 
cloths and napkins. Being smooth and soft, they 
are also employed as dressings for blisters. The 
water from the soft trunk is astringent, and 
sometimes used in diarrhoea. 
Musa. Sapien'tum. The Bana'na tree, Baco'- 
ba, (F.) Bananier, Bacove. This differs some- 
what from the last. The fruit, Bana'na, (S.) 
Platano, is shorter, straighter, and rounder; the 
pulp softer and of a more luscious taste. When 
ripe, it is very agreeable; it is eaten like the 
plantain, and relished by all ranks of people in 
the West Indies. Both varieties are natives of 
Guinea. 
MUSC, Musk. 
MUSCA HISPANICA, Cantharis. 
MUSCAT ENTO-HYALOID, see Metamor- 
phopsia-m. Volitantes, see Metamorphopsia. 
MUSCADE, see Myristica moschata. 
MU SC AD IE It, Myristica moschata. 
MUSCERDA, Moschardina. 
MUSCLE, Mus' cuius, Torus, Mys, Myon, from 
auj, 'a rat;' because, say some etymologists, the 
ancients compared the muscles to flayed rats. 
According to Diemerbroeck, Douglass, Chaussier, 
Ac., yvmv comes rather from guctv, 'to close,' 'to 
move,' Ac., a function proper to muscles. This 
etymon is the more probable. Muscles have been 
divided into those of Animal life or of the life of 
relation - voluntary muscles - which execute 
movements under the influence of the will; as 
577 
MUSCLE 
the muscles of the limbs, head, trunk, <tc., and 
into those of organic life-involuntary muscles- 
which contract under the influence of certain spe- 
cial stimuli; as the heart, fleshy fibres of the 
stomach, &c. Mixed muscles are those which 
belong partly to each of these divisions;-as the 
muscles of respiration ; the sphincters, &c. Mus- 
cles that act in opposition to each other are called 
antagonists; thus, every extensor has a flexor 
for an antagonist, and conversely. Muscles that 
concur in the same action are termed congene- 
rous. The muscles present numerous varieties in. 
form, size, situation, use, &c., and have been di- 
vided, by some, into long, broad, and short. Each 
of these divisions comprises simple and compound 
muscles. Simple or rectilinear muscles have all 
their fibres in a similar direction, and only one 
body-as the Sartorius, Pronator quadratus, &c. 
Compound muscles are those which have only one 
belly and several tendons, as the flexors of the 
fingers and toes; or several bellies and several 
tendons,-as the biceps flexor cubiti, sacro-lum- 
balis, &c. To the compound muscles belong, 
also, the radiated muscles. Their fibres set out 
from a common centre, and are arranged like the 
radii of a circle;-such are the diaphragm, ilia- 
cus, temporal, <fcc. Pennated or Penniform Mus- 
cles. Their fibres are arranged in two rows, 
which are united at a median line, at greater or 
less angles; nearly as the feathers are inserted 
into a quill. The palmaris longus is one of these. 
Semi-penniform muscles: their fibres are oblique, 
as in the last case; but they are inserted only cn 
one side of the tendon. Hollow Muscles are,- 
the heart, intestines, urinary bladder, &c. 
Much difference has existed in the enumera- 
tion of muscles. Some authors reckon them at 
upwards of 400. Chaussier admits only 368. 
The greater part of them are in pairs. Very few 
are azygous. 
TABLE OF THE MUSCLES, ARRANGED AFTER THE MANNER OF DR. BARCLAY, 
ACCORDING TO THEIR ACTIONS. 
THE HEAD IS MOVED 
Forwards by • 
Platysma myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Rectus anticus major, 
•• " minor, 
Assisted {when the lower jaw is 
fixed) by 
Mylo-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyoideus, 
Genio-hyo-glossus, 
Digastrici. 
Backwards by 
Part of trapezius, 
Splenius capitis, 
Complexus, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Rectus posticus major, 
" " minor, 
Obliquus capitis superior. 
To either side by 
Platysma myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Part of trapezius, 
Splenius capitis, 
" colli, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Complexes. 
Backwards by 
Part of trapezius, 
Rhomhoideus minor, 
Serratus posticus superior, 
Splenius capitis, 
*• colli, 
Complexes, 
Trachelo-mastoideus, 
Transversalis colli. 
Inter spinales colli. 
Semi-spinales colli. 
Rectus posticus major, 
" *• minor, 
Obliquus capitis superior, 
" " inferior, 
Scaleni postici. 
Levator scapulae. 
THE NECK IS MOVED 
Laterally hy 
Various combinations of those mus- 
cles which separately move it for- 
wards and backwards, assisted by 
the scaleni, intertransversales, and 
rectilaterales. 
Forwards by 
Platysma myoides, 
Sterno-mastoideus, 
Disastricus, 
Mvlohyoideus, 
Genio-hvoideus, 
Genio-flyo-glossus 
Omo hyoidei, 
Sterno-hyoidei, 
Thyro-hyoidei, 
Rectus anticus minor, 
Longos colli. MUSCLE 
578 
MUSCLE 
Forwards by 
Rectus alslominis, 
Pvramidalis, 
Obliquus externus abdominis, 
Obliquus in tern us, 
Psoas magnus, 
*• parvus, 
Assisted (when the arms are carried 
forwards} by 
Pectoralis major, 
" minor, 
Serratus magnus. 
Backwards by 
Trapezius, 
Rhomboideus major, 
Latissimus dorsi, 
Serratus posticus superior, 
" " inferior, 
Sacro-lumbalis, 
Longissimus dorsi, 
Spinales dorsi, 
Semi-spinales dorsi, 
Multifidus spina?, 
Inter-transversales dorsi et lumbo- 
rum. 
THE TRUNK IS MOVED 
Laterally by 
Obliquus externus, 
" internes. 
Quadrates lumborum, 
Longissimus dorsi, 
Sacrolumbalis, 
Serrati postici. 
Latissimus dorsi 
Upwards by 
Trapezius, 
Levator scapulte, 
Rhomboidei. 
Downwards by 
Lower part of trapezius, 
Latissimus dorsi, 
Pectoralis minor. 
THE SCAPULA IS MOVED 
Forwards by 
Pectoralis minor, 
Serratus magnus. 
Backwards by 
Part of trapezius, 
Rhomboidei, 
Latissimus dorsi. 
THE HUMERUS IS MOVED 
Forwards by 
Part of deltoid, 
Part of pectoralis major, 
Assisted in some circum- 
stances by 
Biceps, 
Coraco-brachialis. 
Backwards by 
Part of deltoid, 
Teres major, 
•* minor. 
Long head of triceps. 
Latissimus dorsi. 
Inwards by 
Part of pectoralis major, 
Latissimus dorsi. 
Rotated inwa rds by 
Subscapularis, 
Assisted occasionally by 
Pectoralis major, 
Latissimus and teres ma- 
jor. 
Outwards by 
Supra-spinatus, 
Infraspinatus, 
Teres minor. 
Forwards by 
Biceps, 
Brachialis anticus, 
Pronator teres, 
Assisted by 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
" sublimis, 
*» ulnaris, 
Supinator longus. 
Backwards by 
Triceps, 
Anconeus. 
THE FORE-ARM IS MOVED 
Rotated inwards by 
Pronator teres, 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
Palmaris longus, 
Flexor sublimis. 
Pronator quadratus, 
Outwards by 
Biceps, 
Supinator brevis. 
Extensor secundi inter- 
nodii. 
THE CARPUS IS MOVED 
Forwards by 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
Palmaris longus, 
Flexor sublimis, 
carpi ulnaris, 
" profUndus, 
" longus pollicis. 
Backwards by 
Extensor carpi radialis 
longior, 
Extensor carpi radialis 
brevior, 
Extensor secundi inter- 
nodii. 
Indicator, 
Extensor communis digi- 
torum. 
Extensor proprius pollicis. 
Outwards by 
Flexor carpi radialis, 
Extensor carpi radialis 
longior, 
Extensor carpi radialis 
brevior. 
Extensor ossis metacarpi, 
Extensor primi internodii. 
Inwards by 
Flexor sublimis, 
carpi ulnaris, 
" profundus, 
Extensor communis digi 
torurn, 
Extensor minimi digiti. 
Extensor carpi ulnaris. 
THE THUMB IS MOVED 
Backwards and inwards, 
to the other fingers, by 
Adductor, 
Extensor primi internodii. 
Extensor secundi inter- 
nodii. 
Inwards and forwards, 
across the palm, by 
Opponens pollicis, 
Flexor brevis, 
•• longus 
Outwards and backwards 
by 
Extensor ossis metacarpi 
pollicis, 
Extensor primi internodii, 
Extensor secundi inter- 
nodii. 
Upwards and forwards, 
away from the other fin- 
gers, by 
Abductor, 
Assisted by part of the 
Flexor brevis. MUSCLE 
579 
MUSCLE 
THE FINGERS ARE MOVED 
Forwards, or flexed, by 
Flexor sublimis. 
" profundus, 
Lumbricales, 
Interossei, 
Flexor brevis digiti mi- 
nimi, 
Abductor digiti minimi. 
Backwards, or extended, by 
Extensor communis, 
" minimi digiti, 
Indicator. 
Outwards, to radial bor- 
der. by 
Abductor indicis, 
" digiti minimi, 
Interossei. 
Inwards by 
Abductor digiti minimi, 
Interossei. 
THE THIGH IS MOVED 
Forwards by 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus, 
Tensor vagina; femoris, 
Pectineus, 
Adductor longus, 
brevis. 
Backwards by 
Gluteus maximus. 
Part of gluteus medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Obturator internus, 
Part of adductor magnus, 
Long head of biceps, 
Semi-tendinosus, 
Semi-membranosus. 
Inwards by 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus. 
Pectineus, 
Gracilis, 
Adductor longus, 
" brevis, 
magnus, 
Obturator externus, 
Quadratus femoris. 
Outwards by 
Tensor vaginae femoris 
Gluteus maximus, 
" medius, 
" minimus, 
Pyriformis. 
Inwards by 
Tensor vaginae femoris, 
Part of gluteus medius, 
Jind, when the leg is ex- 
tended, by 
Sartorius. 
Semi-tendi nosus. 
THE THIGH IS ROTATED 
Outwards by 
Gluteus maximus, 
Part of gluteus medius, 
Pyriformis, 
Gemellus superior, 
Obturator internus. 
Gemellus inferior, 
Quadratus femoris, 
Obturator externus, 
Psoas magnus, 
Iliacus. 
Adductor longus, 
" brevis, 
" magnus, 
Biceps cruris, slightly. 
THE LEG IS MOVED 
Backwards, or flexed, by 
Semi-tendinosus, 
Biceps, 
Semi-membranosus, 
Gracilis, 
Sartorius, 
Popliteus. 
Extended by 
Rectus, 
Crureus, 
Vastus externns, 
" internus. 
THE FOOT IS MOVED 
Fbrwards, or flexed, by 
Tibialis anticus, 
Extensor proprius pollicis. 
Extensor longus digito- 
rum, 
Peroneus tertius. 
Backwards, or extended by 
Gastrocnemius, 
Plantaris, 
Soleus, 
Flexor longus digitorum, 
" longus pollicis, 
Tibialis posticus, 
Peroneus longus, 
" brevis. 
Inclined inwards by 
Extensor proprius pollicis, 
Flexor longus digitorum, 
" longus pollicis, 
Tibialis posticus. 
Outwards by 
Peroneus longus, 
" brevis, 
Extensor longus digito- 
rum, 
Peroneus tertius. 
Backwards, or flexed, by 
Abductor pollicis, 
Flexor brevis digitorum. 
Abductor minimi digiti, 
Flexor longus pollicis, 
" digitorum, 
" accessorius, 
Luinbricales, 
Flexor brevis pollicis. 
Adductor pollicis. 
Flexor brevis minimi di- 
giti, 
Interossei. 
THE TOES ARE MOVED 
Outwards by 
Adductor pollicis. 
" digiti minimi, 
Interossei. 
Forwards, or extended, by 
Extensor longus digito- 
rum. 
Extensor proprius pollicis, 
brevis digitorum. 
Inclined inwards by 
Abductor pollicis, 
Interossei. MUSCLE CANIN 
Muscles have been variously named. 1. Ac- 
cording to their uses, as diaphragm, buccinator, 
extensors, flexors, adductors, abductors, levators, 
depressors, <fcc. 2. According to their position, 
as interspinales, interossei, subclavius, poplitreus, 
anconeus, cubitalis, iliacus, temporalis, &c. 3. 
According to their shape, as trapezius, splenius, 
lumbricalis, serratus, digastric, deltoid, scalenus, 
rhomboides, <fcc. 4. According to their dimen- 
sions, as pectoralis major, rectus capitis anticus 
major, pectoralis minor, glutaeus maximus, me- 
dius, and minimus. 5. According to their direc- 
tion, as obliquus abdominis, transversalis abdo- 
minis, rectus femoris, rectus abdominis, kc. 6. 
According to their composition, as semi-membra- 
nosus, semi-tendinosus, complexus, <fcc. 7. Ac- 
cording to their attachments, or the different 
points of the skeleton to which they are connect- 
ed by means of tendons or aponeuroses; as 
sterno-cleido-mastoideus, sterno-hyoideus, &c. 
On this is grounded the nomenclature of M. Du- 
mas, and that of Chaussier. 
The end of the muscle, which adheres to the 
most fixed part, is usually called the origin or 
head, (F.) Tete ; and that which adheres to the 
more moveable part, the insertion or tail, (F.) 
Queue ; the intervening part or body of the mus- 
cle being called the venter or belly, Venter mus'- 
culi, Me'dium mus'culi: hence the names gastro- 
cnemii, digastricus, biceps, and triceps; accord- 
ing as they have two bellies, two or three heads, 
&c. 
Muscles are formed, - 1. Essentially of the 
muscular or fleshy fibre, (see Muscular Fibre.) 
2. Of Areolar tissue, which unites together the 
fibres. This areolar tissue is not very visible 
between the fine and loose fibres; but becomes 
more so, when they unite in more considerable 
fasciculi. It forms, moreover, to each muscle, an 
external envelope, which unites it to the neigh- 
bouring parts, and admits of its motion. This 
envelope was formerly called Tu'nica propria 
musculo'rum. 3. Of Arteries. These proceed 
from neighbouring trunks, and are, generally, 
very large. Their size and number are always 
in proportion to the bulk of the muscle. With 
the exception of some viscera, as the lungs and 
the kidneys, there are few organs that receive as 
much blood as the muscles. 4. Of Veins. They 
follow the same course in the muscles as the ar- 
teries. Bichat asserts that they are generally 
devoid of valves. 5. Of Lymphatics. Of these 
we know little, and cannot easily follow them 
between the fleshy fibres. 6. Of Nerves. These 
are numerous, and of different sizes. They, al- 
most all, proceed from the encephalon; some, 
however, issue from ganglions, and accompany 
the arteries. In general, they penetrate the 
fleshy tissue along with the vessels, to which 
they are narrowly united. After they have en- 
tered the muscles, they divide and subdivide 
until they are lost sight of. 
MUSCLE CANIN, Levator anguli oris - m. 
Canneli, Ischio-trochanterianus. 
Muscle of Gavard. The oblique muscular 
fibres of the stomach. 
MUSCLE GRAND FESSIER, Glutseus ma- 
jor-m. of Guthrie, Compressor Urethrae-m. of 
Horner, Tensor Tarsi-m. of Houston, Compres- 
sor venae dorsalis penis - m. tris Large du dos, 
Latissimus dorsi-m. of Wilson, Compressor ure- 
thrae. 
MUS'CULAR, Muscuta'ris, Musculo'svs, Toro'- 
sus. That which belongs or relates to the mus- 
cles. Well furnished with muscles. 
Muscular Ar'teries. Arteries that are dis- 
tributed to the muscles. The name, Muscular 
Arteries of the eye, has been especially given to 
580 
) MUSCULO-CUTANEOUS 
two branches sent off by the ophthalmic artery: 
-the one, inferior, which furnishes branches to 
the rectus inferior oculi, lachrymal sac, <fcc., and 
some of the anterior ciliary arteries: the other 
-the superior, which is sometimes wanting ; but, 
when it exists, gives branches to the rectus su- 
perior oculi and levator palpebrm superioris. 
Muscular Contrac'tion. The exertion of the 
power, possessed by muscles, of shortening them- 
selves, or of contracting to produce motion : - 
muscular motion being the change in the situa- 
tion and relation of organs, induced by muscular 
contraction. When a muscle contracts, its fibres 
assume more the zigzag direction, and the extre- 
mities approximate; but the bulk of the whole 
muscle is not augmented. This contraction takes 
place, at times, with extreme velocity: a single 
thrill, in the letter r, can be pronounced in the 
1-30,OOOth part of a minute. The force of con- 
traction, Myody'namis, depends upon the healthy 
physical condition of the muscle, combined with, 
due energy of the brain. The duration, in vo- 
luntary motion, is for a certain time dependent 
upon the will:-contractions, excited involunta- 
rily, cannot be so long maintained. 
Muscular Fibre, Fleshy fibre, Filum muscu- 
la're, Fibril'la musculo'ris. A name given to 
the filaments, which, by their union, form the 
muscles. This fibre is flat, soft, downy, linear, 
little elastic, more or less red; and arranged in 
zigzag according to its length, which is variable. 
It is firmer in adults than in the young or the 
aged; of the same size in the great and small 
muscles ; and runs its course without bifurcation 
or ramification. It is but slightly resisting in the 
dead body, tearing readily; but during life it 
supports very great efforts without laceration. It 
is, itself, composed of a considerable number of 
fibrils, similar to each other, and subdividing al- 
most ad infinitum. The ultimate filaments into 
which the fibre can be decomposed by mechani- 
cal means seem to be hollow or tubular. The 
fibre exists under two forms, the striated or 
striped, and the non-striated, smooth or unstriped; 
the muscles composed of the former ministering, 
as a general rule, to the animal functions,- 
the latter always, perhaps, to the organic. The 
colour of the muscular fibres is red in man, and 
white in several animals. A greater or less 
number, - united in fasciculi, Fascic'uli seu 
Lacer'ti musculo'rum, approximated to each other, 
and forming a distinct mass, of very variable 
size and shape, the extremities being attached to 
bones by means of tendons,-constitutes a muscle. 
In this are included areolar membrane, vessels 
and nerves. See Muscle. 
Muscular Nerves. The nerves distributed 
to the muscles are so named. Winslow calls the 
4th pair of nerves - Serf musculaire oblique su~ 
perieur. 
Muscular System. A term given to the ag- 
gregate of the muscles of the body. 
Muscular Veins. These bring back the 
blood, which has been carried to the muscles by 
the muscular arteries. 
MUSCULARIS, Corroborant. 
MUSCULA'TION, see Locomotion. 
MUSCULI ACCESSORII AD SACRO-LUM- 
BALEM, see Sacro-lumbalis-m. Papillares, Co- 
lumn® carneae-m. Pectinati, Pectinated muscles. 
MUS'CULO-CUTA'NEOUS, Mus'culo-cuta'- 
neus, from musculus, ' a muscle,' and cutis, ' skin.* 
That which appertains to muscles and skin. 
Musculo-Cutaneous Nerve. This name is 
especially given to two nerves; - the one, the 
External cutaneous nerve, furnished by the bra- 
chial plexus (see Cutaneous:-) the other, given 
off from the poplitieus externus, (F.) Nerf Sciat- MUSCUL0-RACHID2EUS 
ique, Popliti externe, Prltibio digital, (Ch.) It 
descends on the anterior and outer part of the 
leg,-at first, hid among the muscles; becomes 
superficial about the middle of the leg; and di- 
vides into two branches, which pass superficially 
on the back of the foot. Two musculo-cutaneous 
nerves-superior and inferior-proceed from the 
first lumbar. The superior musculo-cutaneous - 
il'io-scrotal, il'io-hypogas'tricus- which divides 
into two branches,-abdominal and scrotal. The 
inferior musculo-cutaneous is smaller than the 
superior, and is distributed as its name, il'io-in'- 
guinal, indicates. 
MUSCULO-RACHIDtE'US. Belonging or re- 
lating to muscles and to the spine. A name given 
to branches, furnished behind by the intercostal, 
lumbar, and sacral arteries, which axe distri- 
buted to the spine and to the muscles of the 
neighbourhood. 
MUSCULOSA EXPANSIO, Platysma my- 
oides. 
MUSCULO-SPIRAL NERVE, Radial nerve. 
MUSCULOSUS, Muscular. 
MUSCULUS ACCLIVIS, Obliquus internus 
abdominis-m. Auxiliarius, Pyramidalis abdomi- 
nis-m. Constrictorius," Sphincter-m. Cutaneus, 
Platysma myoides - m. Eustachii, Laxator tym- 
pani - m. Fallopii, Pyramidalis abdominis - m. 
Femoris membranosus, Fascia lata-ni. Patientiae, 
Levator scapulae - m. Penicillatus, Levator labii 
inferioris - m. Pyxoides terrestris, Lichen pyxi- 
datus-m. Scandularius, Parathenar-m. Subcu- 
taneus, Platysma myoides - in. Succenturiatus, 
Pyramidalis abdominis - m. Succingens, Dia- 
phragm- m. Supercilii, Corrugator supercilii - 
m. Tcsticondus, Cremaster-m. Testis, Cremaster 
- m. Tubae novas, Circumflexus. 
MUSCUS ARBOREUS, Liehen plicatus - m. 
Caninus, Lichen caninus-m. Catharticus, Lyco- 
podium selago - m. Clavatus, Lycopodium - m. 
Corallinus, Corallina Corsicana - m. Cranii hu- 
mani, Lichen saxatilis-m. Erectus, Lycopodium 
selago-m. Helminthocortos, Corallina Corsicana 
-m. Islandicus, Lichen islandicus - m. Marinus, 
Corallina Corsicana- m. Maritimus, Corallina- 
m. Pulmonarius quercinus, Lichen pulmonarius 
-m. Pyxidatus, lichen pyxidatus-m. Villosus, 
Peristroma. 
MUSE AU DE TANCHE, Os uteri. 
MUSEUM ANATOM'ICUM, Supel'lex ana- 
tom' ica. An anatomical museum. 
MUSHROOM, Fungus. 
MUSIC, Mu'sica, (F.) Musique, from povoa, 
musa, 'a song.' The art of producing harmo- 
nious and cadenced sounds; an art, which has, 
at times, been beneficially used in diseases, par- 
ticularly in those of the mind; or on which the 
mind could act in a salutary manner. 
MUSICOMA'NIA, Musoma'nia, from music, 
and mania, A variety of monomania in which 
the passion for music is carried to such an extent 
as to derange the intellectual faculties. 
MUSING, LISTLESS, Aphelxia otiosa. 
MUSIQUE, Music. 
MUSK, Moschus, Mosch, (Arab.), (F.) Muse. 
A peculiar concrete animal substance, of a very 
diffusible odour, bitter taste, and a deep brown 
colour: solid, and enclosed in a sac found near 
the anus of the Moschus moschif'erus or Musk 
Deer. It is possessed of stimulant and antispas- 
modic properties. Dose, gr. v to in bolus. 
Musk, Artific"ial, JfoscAu* factit"ius, Resi'- 
na Suc'cini. [01. succini rectif. 1 part, acid, 
nitric. 4 parts. Digest;-a black matter will be 
deposited, which must be well washed with water.) 
MUSKGRAPE FLOWER, Bulbus vomitorius. 
MUSKMALLOW, Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
MUSKROOT, Sumbul. 
581 
MYCE 
MUSKSEED, see Hibiscus abelmoschus. 
MUSKWOOD, Thymiama. 
MUSOMANIA, Musicomania. 
MUSQUITO, Mosquito. 
MUSSJEN'DA FRONDO'SA,Z?eZi77u,7?eZe'«on. 
A decoction of this plant has been esteemed re- 
frigerant. 
MUSSEL, Mytilus edulis. 
MUSSITA'TIO, Mussita'tion, from m ussitare, 
itself from mussare, ' to murmur.' A condition, 
in which the tongue and lips move, as in the act 
of speaking, but without sounds being produced. 
This sort of murmuring is an unfavourable sign 
in disease, as indicating great cerebral debility. 
MUSTA'CEUM : from Mustacea, a kind of 
laurus used in making it. A kind of wedding- 
cake used by the ancients, which consisted of 
meal, aniseed, cummin, and several other aroma- 
tics; its object-it has been conceived-being to 
prevent or remove the indigestion occasioned by 
too great indulgence at the marriage feast. 
MUSTACHE, Mystax. 
MUSTARD, BLACK, Sinapis - m. Clammy, 
Polanisia graveolens - in. Essence of, White- 
head's, see Sinapis-m. False, Polanisia graveo- 
lens- in. Hedge, Erysimum - m. Mithridate, 
Thlaspi campestre - m. Stinking hedge, Alliaria 
-m. Treacle, Thlaspi arvense - m. White, Sina- 
pis alba - in. Wild, Sinapis arvensis. 
MUSTELANEUS, Galeancon. 
MUSTUM, Wort. 
MUTACIS'MUS, Mu'tacism, from fivraKiaii), 
'I use the letter m too frequently.' A vicious 
pronunciation; consisting, according to Sauvages, 
in the frequent repetition of the letters b, p, and 
m, which are substituted for others. 
MUTA'TIO SEXOS. A change or conversion 
of sex. A notion prevailed in antiquity that 
such a conversion was possible. 
MUTEO'SIS. Under this name is compre- 
hended every phenomenon of expression, volun- 
tary and involuntary, which impresses the sight 
or touch. 
MUTILA'TION, Mutila'tio, Maiming, from 
mutilus, ' broken.' The removal or privation of 
a limb, or of some other external part of the body. 
In all countries, this crime has been punished 
with severity. 
MUTINUS, Penis. 
MUTISMS, Mutitas. 
MU'TITAS, mutus, 'dumb.' Obtumescen'tia, 
Ala'lia, Anau'dia, Dumbness, Speech'lessness, (F.) 
Mutisme, Mutitt. Impossibility of articulating 
sounds; although they can be elicited. Dumb- 
ness is often congenital, and united with deaf- 
ness, of which it is an effect. In some cases it is 
accidental. 
Mutitas Surdo'rum, Apho'nia Surdorum, Sur- 
domu'titas, Deaf-dumbness. Speechlessness from 
deafness ; congenital, or produced during infancy. 
The subjects of this affection are called deaf- 
dumb, (F.) Sourds-muets. 
MUTITE, Mutitas. 
MUTO. Penis. 
MUTONIATUS, Membrosus. 
MUTTEIiKORN, Ergot. 
MUTTON TEA. Prepared from a pound of 
mutton, freed from the fat and cut into thin slices ; 
and a pint and a half of boiling soft water poured 
over them, as in the case of beef tea; except that 
it requires to be boiled for half an hour after the 
maceration, before it is strained through a sieve. 
MUTUNNUS, Priapus. 
MYACANTHA, Ruscus. 
MYALGIA, Cramp. 
MYASTHENI'A, from fivg, 'a muscle,' and 
aaSevcia, 'debility.' Muscular debility. 
MYCE, Occlusion. MYCES 
MYCES, Fungus. 
MYCHMUS, Suspirium. 
MYCHTHISMUS, Moaning, Suspirium. 
MYCODERM'A, My'coderm; from ywis, 'a 
mushroom,' and Scp/ia, 'skin.' A cryptogamous 
growth, which constitutes the crusts of favus. 
See Porrigo favosa. 
Mycoderma Torula cerevisiae. 
MYCODES, Fungoid. 
MYCORTHOPNCE'A; from pesos, 'mucus,' 
and opOoirvoia, ' difficulty of breathing except 
when in the erect attitude.' Orthopnoea from 
excessive secretion of mucus in the air-passages 
- Orthopnoe'a pituito'ea. 
MYCOSIS, Fungus. 
MYCTERES, Myxae, Nares. 
MYCTEROPHONIA, Rhinophonia. 
MYCTEROXE'ROTES; from /nucmpey, 'the 
nares,' and fz/por,?;, 'dryness.' Na'rium sic'citan. 
Drvness of the interior of the nose. 
MYCUS, Mucus. 
MYDE'SIS, from pu<5aa>, 'I abound with mois- 
ture.' In its most general sense, it means cor- 
ruption. By some, it is used for a mucous dis- 
charge from inflamed eyelids. 
MYDON, pvSwv. Same etymon. Fungous or 
putrid flesh in certain fistulous ulcers. - Pollux. 
Also, flesh putrid from mouldiness. 
MYDRI'ASIS, Platycor'ia, Platy cori'asis, 
Amydri'asin. A name given by several writers 
to morbid dilatation of the pupil; and, by others, 
to weakness of sight, produced by hydrophthalmia; 
from pvSos, ' moisture.' 
MYDRIAT'ICUS, Mydriat'ic. Relating to or 
causing dilatation of the pupil. Pereira. 
MYELAL'GIA; from pvtXoj, 'the spinal mar- 
row,' and aXyoj, ' pain.' Pain in the spinal mar- 
row. 
MYELAPOPLEXIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
MYELATELI'A; from parAoj, 'the spinal 
marrow,' and arcXcia, 'want of end or finish.' 
Incompleteness of the spinal marrow. 
MYELATROPHIA, Tabes dorsalis. 
M YE LITE, Myelitis. 
MYELI'TIS, M. parencTiymato'sa, M. spina'lis, 
Inflamma'tio medulla spina'lis, Spini'tie, Spino- 
doni'tis, Notomyeli'tie, Eachiomyeli'tie, Eachial- 
gi'tie, (of some,) (F.) My elite, Inflammation de la 
mo'elle Ipiniire ou rachidienne, from pvcAof, 'the 
marrow,' and itie, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the spinal marrow or its mem- 
branes ;-indicated by deep-seated burning pain 
in the spine, with various nervous and vascular 
irregularities of function. It is not common. 
Dr. Marshall Hall proposes to call inflamma- 
tion of the membranes of the brain Meningitis ; 
that of the substance of the brain Myelitis. 
Myelitis Spinalis, Myelitis-m. Exsudativa, 
Hydrorachis - m. Parenchymatosa, Myelitis. 
MYELOCHYSIS, Hydrorachis. 
MYELOGANGLIITIS, Cholera (sporadic.) 
MYELOMA, see Encephaloid. 
MYELOMALACIA, Mollities medullas spinalis. 
MYELOMYCES, see Encephaloid. 
MYELON, Medulla spinalis. 
MYELOPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
MYELOPHTHISIS, Tabes dorsalis-m. Sicca, 
Tabes mesenterica. 
MYELOPHY'MATA, Tuber'cola medulla spi- 
na'lis, from pvcAog, ' marrow,' and <pvya, ' a tuber- 
cle.' Tubercles of the spinal marrow. 
MYELORRHAGIA, Apoplexia myelitica. 
MYELOSPONGUS, see Encephaloid. 
MYELUS, Marrow, Medulla spinalis - m. Di- 
auchenius, Medulla spinalis - m. Dorsites, Me- 
dulla spinalis - m. Notimus, Medulla spinalis - 
m. Psoites, Medulla spinalis. 
582 
MYOLEMMA 
- 
MYENERGI'A, from pvt, 'amusele,' tv, and 
tpyov, ' work.' Muscular strength. 
MYGMUS, Suspirium. 
MYIOCEPHALUM, Staphyloma. 
MYIODEOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
MYITIS, Myositis, Rheumatism, acute. 
MYLACRI, Molar teeth. 
MYLACRIS, Patella. 
MYLE, Patella, Mole. 
MYLICUS, Molar. 
MYLODI, Molar teeth. 
MYLODONTES, Molar teeth. 
MYLO-GLOSSUS, from pv'Xr), 'the jaw,'and 
y\<j>aaa, 'the tongue.' Winslow has given this 
name to museular fibres, which pass from the 
posterior part of the myloid line of the lower jaw, 
and from the sides of the base of the tongue to 
the parietes of the pharynx. These fibres belong 
to the constrictor superior pharyngis. 
MYLO-HYOID LINE, see Mylo-hyoideus. 
Mylo-Hyoid Furrow or Groove. A furrow 
which passes from the superior orifice of the in- 
ferior dental canal of the lower jaw in the same 
direction as the canal, and lodges the mylo-hyoid 
nerve, a branch of the inferior-dental. 
Mylo-Hyoid Nerve, see Mylo-hyoid furrow. 
MYLO-HYOIDEUS, from 'the jaw,' and 
'votiirit, 'the os hyoides.' Myluo'des, (F.) Mylo- 
hyoidien. The Mylo-pharyngeus of Morgagni 
and Santorini. This muscle is situate at the 
upper and anterior part of the neck, behind tho 
lower jaw. It is broad, flat, and has the form 
of a truncated triangle. It arises from the inter- 
nal oblique, internal maxillary or mylo-hyoid line 
of the lower jaw bone, and is inserted at the fore 
part of the body of the os hyoides. Its innermost 
fibres unite with those of the opposite side to 
form a raphe on the median line. The mylo- 
hyoideus raises the os hyoides and carries it for- 
ward, or it depresses the lower jaw. 
MYLO-PIIARYNGEUS, Constrictor pharyn- 
gis, Mylo-hyoideus. 
MYLUODES, Mylo-hyoideus. 
MYOCARDITIS, Carditis. 
MYOCEPHALI'TIS, Myi'tis cephal'ica ; from 
pvt, or pvuiv, 'a muscle,' Kt<pa\ri, 'head,' and itis, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
muscles of the head. 
MYOCEPHALON, Staphyloma. 
MYOCCELIAL'GIA, from pvwv, 'muscle,' Koihia, 
' abdomen,' and aXytw, ' I suffer.' Pain in the 
muscles of the abdomen. 
MYOCCELI'TIS, Myocoelii'tis, Inflamma'tio 
musculo'rum abdomina'lium, from pvuiv, ' muscle,' 
KoiXia, 'lower belly,'and itis, denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the muscles of the abdo- 
men. 
MYODEOP'SIA, Metamorphopsia. 
MYO'DES, from pvt, 'a muscle,' and tiSos, 're- 
semblance.' Like unto muscle. Muscular. 
MYODESOPSIA, Metamorphopsia. 
MYODYNA'MIA, Vis muscula'ris ; from pvt, 
'a muscle,'and bwapit, 'power.' The force or 
power of a muscle. 
MYODYNAMICS, see Museular contraction. 
MYODYNAMIOMETER, Dynamometer. 
MYODYNAMOMETER, Dynamometer. 
MYODYN'IA, from pvwv, 'muscle,' and oivvr), 
'pain.' Pain in the muscles, - rheumatismal or 
other. Rheumatism. 
Myodynia Inflammatoria, Myositis. 
M Y 0 G' R A PIIY, Myogra'phiit, from pvaiv, 
'muscle,'and ypa0r<v,'to describe.' An anato- 
mical description of the muscles. 
MYOLEM'MA, My ole'ma, from pvvxv, 'a mus- 
cle,' and htppa, 'a coat.' The membranous tube MYOLINE 
of each muscular fibre. It has also the same sig- 
nification as Sarcolemma. 
MY'OLINE, from yvwv, 'a muscle.' A name 
given by Mr. Erasmus Wilson to a transparent 
substance that fills the cells, which, he conceives, 
by their juxtaposition form the ultimate muscu- 
lar fibril. 
MYOL'OGY, Myolog" ia, Sarcolog'ia, Mysiol- 
og"ia; from puwv, 'a muscle,' and Xoyoj, 'a dis- 
course.' That part of anatomy which treats of 
the muscles. 
MYON, Muscle. 
MYONARCO'SIS, from pvwv, 'a muscle,' and 
vapsn, 'stupor.' Numbness of the muscles. 
MYONITIS, Myositis. 
MYON'OSUS, Myonu'sos, Myopathi'a, from 
pvwv, ' a muscle,' and vocot, ' disease.' A disease 
of the muscles. 
MYOPALMUS, Subsultus tendinum. 
MYOPATHIA, Myonosus. 
MYOPE, Myops. 
MYOPIIO'NIA, from pmnv, 'a muscle,' and 
<j>uvri, 'voice.' The sound of muscular contrac- 
tion,- as that of the ventricles of the heart, du- 
ring the systole of that organ. 
MYO'PIA, Myopi'asis, Luscios'itas, Myo'sist 
Parop'sis propin'qua, Amblyo'pia dissito'rum> 
Dyso'pia dissito' rum, Dyspho'tia, Visits ju'venum, 
from pu<i>, ' I close,' or from pvt, ' a mouse,' and 
<in/z, ' the eye;' My'opy, Short-sightedness, Near- 
sightedness, Mouse-sight, Purblindness, (F.) Vue 
courte. Persons who can only see objects very 
near. The defect is owing to the too great con- 
vexity of the eye, or too great density of the hu- 
mours, and is palliated by wearing concave glasses. 
MYOPI'C, Myop'icus; same etymon. Short- 
sighted, Poreblind, Purblind. Relating or apper- 
taining to myopia. 
MYOPODIORTHO'TICON, from pmndp, 'one 
that is short-sighted,' and InopSwiKov, ' having 
power to correct.' An apparatus for the cure of 
short-sightedness.-A. A. Berthold. 
MYOPS, Luscio'sus, Myo'pus, My'ope. Same 
etymon. One affected with myopia or short- 
sightedness. 
MYOPY, Myopia. 
MYORRHEX'IS, from pvs, 'a muscle,' and 
prints, ' rupture.' Rupture of a muscle. 
MYO'SIS, from pvu>, 'I close.' Microcor'ia. 
Smallness of the pupil. Phthi'sis pupilla'ris. 
Permanent contraction of the pupil. It is usually 
caused by iritis, and is extremely difficult to cure. 
When it exists to such an extent as to obliterate 
the pupil, it is called Synizesis. Also, Myopia. 
MYO SITE, Myositis. 
MYOSIT'IC; Myosit'icus, from Myosis. 
Causing contraction of the pupil, - as opium. - 
Pereira. 
MYOSI'TIS, Myi'tis, Mysi'tis, Myoni'tis,Sarci'- 
tis, Rheumatis'mus phlegmono' des, Myodyn'ia in- 
fammoto'ria, Phlegma'sia myo'ica, Injiammatio 
sen Phleg'mone Musculo'rum, (F.) Myosite, In- 
flammation des muscles, from pvuv, 'a muscle.' 
A name proposed by Sagar for inflammation of 
the muscles. Also, Rheumatism. 
MYOSOTIS, Hieracium pilosella, Rheumatism, 
Rheumatism, acute. 
MYOSPASMUS, Cramp. 
MYOTIL'ITY, Myotil'itas, from pm, 'a mus- 
cle.' Muscular contractility. - Chaussier. 
MYOT'OMY, Myotom'ia, from pvoiv, 'a mus- 
cle,' and rtpvuv, 'to cut.' The part of practical 
anatomy which treats of the dissection of the 
muscles. Also, the surgical operation of the 
division of muscles to remove deformity. 
MYOTYRBE, Chorea. 
583 
MYROBALANUS 
MYRAC'OPUM, from pvpov, 'an ointment,' 
and kokos, 'fatigue.' An ointment used by the 
ancients in cases of fatigue. 
MYREPSUS, Unguentarius. 
Ml R'lAGRAMME, from pvpia, '10,000/ and 
ypappa, 'gramme.' A weight equal to 10,000 
grammes, or to 26 pounds, 9 ounces, and 6 
drachms Troy. 
MYRIAMETRE. A measure of 10,000 me- 
tres ; equal to 16 miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and 
14 inches. 
MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA, Comptonia as- 
plenifolia - m. Cerifera, see Cera fiava et alba, 
and Wax, myrtle. 
Myri'ca Gale, Myrtus Braban'tica, sen Ang'- 
lica, Myri'ca palus'tris, Afyrtifo'lia Bel'gica,Gale, 
Gagel, Jlhus sylves'tris, Ac'aron, Elceag'nvs, E. 
Cordo, Chamtdaeag'nus, Dodona' a, Dutch myrtle, 
Sweet gale, Sweet willow, Candleberry myrtle, (F.) 
Piment Boyal, 7'hi de Simon Pauli, Gale odorant. 
Family, Amentaeeae. Sex. Syst. Dicecia Tetran- 
dria. The leaves, flowers, and seeds have a 
strong, fragrant smell, and a bitter taste. They 
are used for destroying moths and cutaneous in- 
sects. The infusion is given internally as a sto- 
machic and vermifuge. 
Myrica Palustris, M. Gale. 
MYRINGA, see Tympanum. 
MYRINGI'TIS, Infiamma'tio tym'pani; from 
Myringa, ' the membrana tympani;' and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the mem- 
brana tympani; and, also, of the tympanum. 
MYRINX, see Tympanum. 
MYRIS, Myrothe'ce, Narthe'cia, Narthe'cium, 
Narthex, from pvpov, ' a perfumed oil or ointment/ 
A perfumed oil or ointment box or jar. 
MYRIS'TICA, M. Moscha'ta, M. aromat'iea sen 
officina'lis seu fragrant, Comaeon. Nat. Ord. 
Myristiceae. The tree which produces the nut- 
meg and mace. (F.) Muscadier. The Nutmeg, 
Myristica, (Ph. IT. S.) Myris'ticce nu'deus, Myris'- 
ticce moscha'ta nu'cleus, Nux moscha'ta seu un- 
guenta'ria, Nucis'ta, Nux myris'tica, Chrysobal'- 
anus Gale'ni, Unguenta'ria, As'sala, Nux aro- 
mat'ica, (R) Muscade, is the seed or kernel. It 
has a fragrant, aromatic odour; an agreeable pun- 
gent taste, and is much used for culinary pur- 
poses. Alcohol extracts its active matter. It has 
the properties of aromatics in general; being sti- 
mulant and stomachic. The oil-O'leum myris'- 
ticce-possesses the virtues of the nutmeg. Doso 
of the nutmeg, gr. v. to 3j >-°f the oil gtt. iij to 
gtt. vj. 
Mace, Mads, Maces, Flores macis seu ma'cidos, 
(F.) Fleurs de muscade, is the involucrum of the 
fruit. It is membranous, with the odour and taste 
of the nutmeg, and is possessed of similar quali- 
ties. The O'leum macis is a fragrant, sebaceous 
substance, expressed in the East Indies. It is 
only used externally. 
MYRISTIC2E NUCLEUS, see Myristica mos- 
chata. 
MYRMECIA, Formica. 
MYRMECIASIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi- 
cation. x 
MYRMECIASMUS, Convulsio cerealis, For- 
mication. 
MYRMECISMUS, Convulsio cerealis, Formi- 
cation. 
MYRMECIZON, Formicant. 
MYRMECOSIS, Convulsio cerealis, Formica- 
tion. 
MYRMEX, Formica. 
MYROBAL'ANUS, from pvpov, 'an ointment/ 
and (iaXavos, 'a nut;' so called, because formerly 
used in ointment; Angeloc'acos, Myro'balan,Glans 
unguenta'ria, Palma unguentario'rum. A dried MYRON 
Indian fruit, of the plum kind, of different species 
of Termina'lia. Of this there are several varie- 
ties-the Jf. Bcllir'ica or Belliric myrobalan, Bel- 
legu, Bellerigi, Belnileg:- the J/, cheb'ula or 
Qhebule myrob'alan; the Jf. cit'rina or Yellow 
myrobalan, Ara'ra; the 3A Em'blica or emblic 
■myrobalan, and the M. In'dica, As'uar, Indian 
or Black myrobalan. All the myrobalans have 
an unpleasant, bitterish, very austere taste; and 
strike an inky blackness with a solution of steel. 
They are said to possess laxative as well as as- 
tringent properties. 
MYRON, Myrum, Unguentum. 
MYROPISSOCE'RON. A topical application 
in alopecia, referred to by Galen ; from pvpov, 
'ointment,' rricva, 'pitch,' and Knpos, 'wax.' 
MYROPCEUS, Unguentarius. 
MYROPOLES, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
MYROSPERMUM FRUTESCENS, Myroxy- 
lum Peruiferum-m. Peruiferum, see Myroxylon 
Peruiferum. 
MYROXYLON, see M. Peruiferum. 
Myrox'ylon Peruif'erum, Myrosperm'um 
/rates'eens, from pvpov, 'an ointment,' and 
'wood;' Caburei'ba. Nat. Ord. Leguminosas. The 
tree which affords the Peru'vian balsam, Bal'- 
eamum Peruvia'num, Putzochill, Myrox'yli Perui- 
feri bal'samum, Myrox'ylon, Balsamum Perua'- 
num, Cabureiciba, Indian, Mexican, or American 
balsam, (F.) Baume de Perou. This balsam con- 
sists of benzoic acid, resin, and essential oil. Its 
odour is fragrant and aromatic; taste hot and 
bitter: it is soluble in alcohol, and miscible in 
water by the aid of mucilage. It is stimulant and 
tonic, and considered to be expectorant: as such, 
it has been employed in paralysis, chronic asthma, 
chronic bronchitis' and rheumatism, gleet, leu- 
corrhoea, Ac., and externally, for cleansing and 
stimulating foul indolent ulcers. Dose gtt. v to 
gtt. xxx. 
White Balsam of Peru, Natural balsam, Bal'- 
samum album, Styrax alba, Balsameloeon, is ob- 
tained by incision from Myrosper'mum peruif- 
erum. 
Myroxylon Toluiferum, Toluifera Balsamum. 
MYRRHA, Heb. "10; Bola, Stade1, Ergas'ma, 
Myrrh, Calo'nia, Smyrna, Myrrha rubra, (F.) 
Myrrhe. The exudation of an unknown plant of 
Abyssinia or Arabia Felix, said to be the Bal- 
samaden'dron myrrha. This gum-resin has a 
fragrant, peculiar odour; and bitter aromatic 
taste. It is in reddish-yellow, light, brittle, irre- 
gular tears; partially soluble in distilled water 
when aided by friction. S. G. 1.360. It is stimu- 
lant; and has been used in cachectic affections, 
humoral asthma, chronic bronchitis, Ac. Dose, 
gr. x to Xj. 
Myrrha Imperfecta, Bdellium. 
MYRRHINE, Myrtus. 
MYRRHIS ANNUA, Athamanta Cretensis - 
Tn. Major, Chserophylluin odoratum-m. Odorata, 
Chaerophyllum odoratum. 
MYRSINE, Myrtus. 
MYRSINELAi'ON, from pvpatvn, 'the myrtle,' 
and eXmov, ' oil.' Oil of myrtle. - Dioscorides. 
MYRSINI'TES, pvpaivtrris. Wine in which 
branches of myrtle have been macerated. 
MYRTACANTHA, Ruscus. 
MY RTE COM MUN, Myrtus. 
MYRTID'ANON, pvpriiavov. An excrescence, 
growing on the trunk of the myrtle, and used as 
an astringent. Also, a wine - Vinum Myrtid'- 
anum -made from wild myrtle berries. 
MYRTIFOLIA BELGICA, Myrica gale. 
MYR'TIFORM, Myrtiform'is, Myrto'des, from 
myrtus, ' a myrtle,' and forma, ' shape.' Having 
the shape of a leaf of myrtle. A name given to 
584 
MYURUS 
a muscle (depressor alae nasi), to the fossa inci- 
siva; and to certain caruncles, Ac. 
MYRTIFORMIS, Compressor naris, Depressor 
al® nasi. 
MYRTI'TES. A name given to a medicine 
prepared with honey and myrtle berries. 
MYRTLE, Myrtus-m. Berry, Vaccinium myr- 
tillus- m. Candleberry, Myrica gale-m. Dutch, 
Myrica gale-m. Wild, Ruscus. 
MYRTOCHEILIDES, Nymphre. 
MYRTOCHILA, Nymph®. 
MYRTODES, Myrtiform. 
MYRTON, Clitoris. 
MYRTUS, Myr'tus commu'nis, M. communis 
Ital'ica, Myrsi'ne, Myrrhi'ne, The Myrtle, (F.) 
Myrte Conimun. The berries of this plant have 
been recommended in alvine and uterine fluxes 
and other disorders of relaxation and debility. 
They are moderately astringent and somewhat 
aromatic. 
Myrtus Anglica, Myrica gale - m. Braban- 
tica, Myrica gale. 
Myrtus Caryophyila'ta, Cdlyptran'thcs ca- 
ryophylla'ta, Cassia caryophylla'ta, Canel'la ca- 
ryophyllata, (F.) Capclet, Cannelle giroflie. The 
tree which is considered to afford the Clove baric ; 
Cortex caryophylla'tus seu caryophyllata. This 
bark is a warm aromatic; resembling clove with 
an admixture of cinnamon. It may be used with 
the same views as cloves or cinnamon. 
Myrtus Caryophyllus, Eugenia earyophyl- 
lata-m. Leucodendron, Melaleuca cajaputi. 
Myrtus Pimen'ta. The tree which bears the 
Jamaica pepper, Pimen'ta bacca, Pimento ber- 
ries, Pimento, Piper caryophylla' tum,Coc' culi Indi 
aromat'ici, Piper chia'pa, Amo'mum pimenta, 
Fructus pimenti, Carive, Caryophyl' lus America'- 
nus seu Pimen'ta, Piper odora'turn Jamaicen'se, 
Allspice, Piper Jamaicen'se, Piper tabas' cum, (F.) 
Poivre de Jamaique, Toute epice, Assourou. The 
unripe berries - Pimenta (Ph. U. S.) - have an 
aromatic odour; resembling a mixture of cinna- 
mon, nutmeg, and cloves; the taste is pungent, 
but mixed, like the odour. Like other peppers, 
this is stimulant and carminative. The oil - 
O'leum Pimen'ta - possesses the virtues of the 
berries. The powdered fruit has been called 
Quatre (pices or Four spices. Dose gr. v to 
9u- 
MYRUM, Myron, pvpov. A perfumed oil or 
ointment. A liquid perfume. The spontaneously 
exuding juice of many plants, especially of that 
from which myrrh is obtained. 
MYS, Muscle. 
MYSIOLOGIA, Myology. 
MYSITIS, Myositis. 
MYSTAX, Mastax. The hair growing on each 
side of the upper lip in men. The mustache or 
mustachio, (F.) Moustache. Also, the upper lip. 
MYSTE'RION, pvarripiov, 'a mystery.' An 
areanum, nostrum, or secret preparation in gene- 
ral. Also, an antidote referred to by Galen and 
others. 
MYSTRON, uvarpov. A Greek measure, which 
held about three drachms. 
MYT'ILUS EDU'LIS. The common mussel, 
(F.) Moule. A bivalve, the flesh of which, when 
at all in a state of decomposition, is highly poi- 
sonous. When fresh, it is an agreeable, but not 
very digestible article of diet. 
MYU'RUS, Meiu'ros. A pulse is so called 
when it sinks progressively and becomes smaller 
and smaller like a rat's tail; from pvj, ' rat,' 
and ovpa, ' tail.' Pidsus myurits recip'rocus, a 
pulse, which, after having become gradually 
weaker, resumes, by degrees, its former cha- 
racter. MYXA 
- 
MYXA. Mucus, Sebestina. 
MYXA3, Mycteres. 
MYXEOSIS, Gonorrhoea impura. 
MYXODES, Muciform. 
MYXOR'RIIOOS, from pufa, 'mu- 
cus,' and pew, ' I flow.' One who is subject to 
mucous discharge. Applied to an infant, that 
585 
NANUS 
- 
discharges a considerable quantity of mucus and 
saliva. 
MYXOSARCO'MA, from /iv£a, 'mucus,' and 
<rapf, ' flesh.' A tumour which is mucocarneout ; 
partly mucous and partly fleshy. 
MYXOTER, Nasus. 
MYZESIS, Sucking. 
N. 
N. This letter, in prescriptions, is an abridg- 
ment of Numero, ' by number.' 
NAB'ALUS ALBUS, Prenan'thes serpenta' ria, 
White Lettuce, Lion's Foot, Rattlesnake's Master, 
Rattlesnake root. An indigenous plant, of the 
order Compositae, which, with several other spe- 
cies of the genus, is reputed to possess the power 
of curing the bites of serpents. The root has 
been used in dysentery. 
NABOT, Saccharum candidum. 
NABO'THI GLAN'DULJE, OWa seu Ova 
Nabofhi seu Nabothia'na, Ova'rium Nabothi, Fol- 
li'culi rotun'di et oblon'gi, Vesic'ulce seu Bullae 
rotun'dae cervi'cis u'teri, Vesic'ulae semina'les mu- 
lie'rum, Cor'pora globo'sa, Corpus'cula globo'sa, 
Glandules seu Hydat'ides cervi'cis uteri. Small, 
mucous crypts or follicles situate in the interstices 
of the duplicatures of the lining membrane of 
the cervix uteri. Naboth, from noticing them in 
a morbid condition, mistook them for ova; and 
hence they received the name Ovula Nabothi. 
NACRA, Nakra, Nasa. A kind of influenza 
common in the East Indies. 
CRB, Margaritaceous. 
NACREOUS, Margaritaceous. 
N.EVT, see Ntevus. 
N.EVUS, Plural Naevi; Naevus mater'nus, N. 
Sigil'lum, Nota mater'na, Nevus, Mac'ulae matri'- 
cis, M. Mater'nas seu matrica'les, Notae infan'tum, 
Lupus varico'sus, Stig'mata, Metrocel'ides, Con- 
gen'itae notae, Mother's Marks, Fancy marks, Mo- 
ther's spots, (E.) Envie, Tache de Naissance. 
Spots of Various kinds on the skin of children 
when born, which have been attributed to the 
influence of the maternal imagination on the 
foetus in utero. They are of various appearances, 
some much better supplied with blood than 
others. Some are merely superficial or stain-like 
spots: others are prominent; and often have 
long, irregular hairs growing from them. These 
have usually been called Moles, Spili, Spilo'ma, 
Epichro'ses spili, &C. 
When naevi are superficial, without any dispo- 
sition to enlarge or spread, they need not be 
meddled with : but all those that partake of the 
character of aneurism by anastomosis had better 
be removed, where practicable. 
N.nvcs Sigillum, Naevus. 
NAFDA, Naphtha. 
NAIL, Sax. na?jl, (G.) Nagel, Unguis, Onyx, 
(F.) Ongle. A whitish transparent substance, 
similar to horn, which covers the dorsal extremity 
of the fingers. Three portions are distinguished 
in it; the extremity, which is free, at the end of 
the finger;-the body or middle portion adherent 
by its inner surface; and the root, Radix seu 
Matrix unguis, Ln'timum unguis. The last pre- 
sents two distinct parts; the one, terminated by 
a thin, serrated edge, is buried in a duplicature 
of the skin; the other, called Lu'nula seu Semi- 
lu'nula seu Sele'ne seu Arcus seu Exor'tus seu 
Anat'ole seu Albe'do un'guium, is whitish and of 
a semilunar shape, and is situate above the part 
where the epidermis terminates. The nails are 
composed of a horny tissue, of the same nature 
as that which forms the hoofs, horns, and scales 
of different animals. When the nail has been 
torn off, the papillae of the skin become covered 
by a soft, whitish lamina, whose consistence gra- 
dually augments. New laminae are then formed 
underneath, and give the nail the thickness it 
ought to possess. The corneous substance, being 
thus constantly produced at the extremity of each 
of these laminae, the whole of the nail is pushed 
forwards, and it would grow indefinitely, were it 
not cut or worn by friction. 
The nails protect and support the extremities 
of the fingers against the impression of hard 
bodies. They are, also, useful in laying hold of 
small bodies; and dividing those that have but 
little consistence. 
NAIW, Nanus. 
NARRA, Nacra. 
NANNARI, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
NANNYBERRY, Viburnum lentago. 
NANOCEPII'ALUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf,' and 
KctyaXri, 'head.' A monstrous state in which the 
whole head or certain of its parts are too small, 
whilst the trunk and extremities are normal. 
NANOCOR'MUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf/ and 
rop/4of, 'a trunk.' A monstrous condition in 
which the trunk is too small, whilst the head 
possesses its normal size. 
NANOM'ELUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf/ and 
pzXos, 'a limb.' A monstrous condition in which 
some part of an extremity is too small, and the 
whole limb too short. 
NANOSO'MUS, from vavos, 'a dwarf/ and 
<ro>pa, 'body.' Dwarf'iehneso. A state in which 
the entire body with all its parts is smaller than 
common. 
NANUS, Pumil'io, Pu'milo, Pttril'lut, 'a 
dwarf.' (Pu'miltis, Pumi'lius, 'dwarfish.) (F.) 
Nain. One who is much below the usual stature. 
The term is applicable to all organized beings 
from man to the vegetable. Trees have their 
dwarfs, as the human species have theirs. Some 
curious authenticated instances of human dwarfs 
are on record. Bebe, the dwarf of Stanislaus, 
king of Poland, was 33 inches (French) long, 
and well proportioned. The'Polish nobleman, 
Borwlaski, who was well made, clever, and- a 
good linguist, measured 28 Paris inches. lie had 
a brother, 34 inches high, and a sister 21. A 
Friesland peasant, at 26 years of age, had at- 
tained 29 Amsterdam inches. C. II. Stoberin, 
of Niirnberg, was under three feet high at 20, 
yet he was well proportioned and possessed of 
talents. General Tom Thumb, so called, was* 
seen by the Author in 1847. He was said tc be 
15 years old; measured 28 inches in height, and 
when weighed at the mint was found to weigh 
20 pounds and 2 ounces. See Pygmy. NAPE 
NAPE OF THE NECK, Nucba. 
NAPELLUS VERUS, Aconitum napellus. 
NAPH.E FLORES, see Citrus aurantium. 
NAPHTHA, Acetone. 
Naphtha, Nafda, Napta, Napta'lius, O'leum 
petrce, album; from a Chaldaic and Syriac word 
signifying bitumen. A bituminous substance, 
found in Persia, Calabria, Sicily, Ac. It is 
liquid, limpid, of a yellowish white colour, a 
smell slightly resembling that of oil of turpen- 
tine, and lighter than water. It resembles pe- 
troleum in its properties, and has been chiefly 
used as an external application; although, occa- 
sionally, as an anthelmintic, and in inhalation in 
phthisis pulmonalis. 
Naphtha, Coal Tar, Light, see Anassthetic. 
Naphtha Vitrioli, Aither sulphuricus-n. 
Vitrioli camphorata, Tinctura aetherea campho- 
rata-n. Vitrioli martialis, Tinctura seu Alcohol 
sulphurico-aethereus ferri - n. Wood, Acetone. 
NAPH'THALINE, Naphthali'na, Naph'thalin. 
When coal-tar is subjected to distillation, naph- 
thaline passes over after coal naphtha. It is a 
white, shining, concrete, crystalline substance, 
fusible at 176° and boiling at 423°. It is soluble 
in alcohol, ether, naphtha and the oils, but inso- 
luble in water. It has been used as an excitant 
expectorant, in the dose of 8 to 30 grains, in 
emulsion or syrup, and repeated. It has also 
been used as an anthelmintic; and, when made 
into an ointment, in psoriasis, lepra vulgaris, Ac. 
NAPIFORM, Bunioid. 
NAPIUM, Lapsana, Sinapis. 
NAPLES, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
Naples in its general characters resembles that 
of Nice, but it is more changeable: the sirocco 
too, which is little known in Nice, is severely felt 
at Naples. It is not a good residence for the 
phthisical invalid: Sir James Clark, indeed, con- 
siders it altogether unsuitable. 
Naples, Mineral Waters of. In the Quarter 
Santa Lucia, near the coast, is a cold spring, rich 
in sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid. It 
is much used as an aperient tonic, and in cutane- 
ous affections. 
Naples Water, Factit"ious, (F.) Eau de 
Naples, Aqua Neapolita'na, Aqua acid'ula hy- 
drosulphura'ta. (Acidulous water, containing 
four times its bulk of carbonic acid, ?xv, and 
£iij; hydrosulphuretted water, 5Jix ; carbonate of 
soda, gr. viij; carbonate of magnesia, gr. x. M. 
Ph. P.) 
NAPTA, Nanus, Nata. 
NAPTALIUS, Nanus. 
NAPUS, Sinapis - n. Leucosinapis, Sinapis 
alba - n. Sylvestris, Brassica napus. 
NAPY, Sinapis. 
NAHCAPHTE, Thymiama. 
NARCAPH'THON, JYa«c«»A'tfcon. The hark 
of an aromatic tree formerly brought from India. 
By some, supposed to be that of the tree which 
affords the olibanum. It was used in fumigation, 
in diseases of the lungs. 
NARCE, Narcosis. 
NARCEMA, Narcosis. 
NARCESIS, Narcosis. 
NARCISSE FAUX, Narcissus pseudo-narcis- 
sus-n. des Pris, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus-a. 
Sauvage, Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. 
NARCIS'SUS PSEUDO-NARCIS'SUS, N. 
festa'lis seu glaucus seu grandifo'rus seu his- 
pan'icus seu major seu serra'tus seu sylves'tris, 
Bulboco'dium, Pseudo-narcissus, Daffodil, (F.) 
Narcisse sauvage, Narcisse des prit, Faux nar- 
cisse. The root is emetic and cathartic, in the 
dnse of 3'.)- The flowers are antispasmodic. 
Dose, 24 grains. 
NARCODES, Narcotized. 
586 
NARDUS 
NARCO'SIS. Nar'cotism, Narce, Narca, 
Narce'ma, Narce'sis, from vapKow, ' I benumb.' 
Torpe'do, Torpor, Stupor, Stupefae'tio. The ag- 
gregate effects produced by narcotic substances. 
At times, narcotism is confined to a state of more 
or less profound stupor : and constitutes, in cer- 
tain cases, a useful remedial condition ; at others, 
it is a true poisoning, characterized by vertigo, 
nausea, a state of intoxication or apoplexy, con- 
stant delirium, convulsive motions, <tc. Emetics 
in strong doses, and not much diluted with wa- 
ter ; purgatives and glysters are the first means 
to be used in this condition. The stupor may 
afterwards be combated by the use of exciting 
and stimulating drinks. 
Narcosis Folltculo'rum. A state of the 
scalp, which Mr. Erasmus Wilson conceives to 
be dependent upon torpid action of the hair fol- 
licles, and in which the scalp and hair are found 
covered with a yellowish, dirty-looking powder, 
composed of an admixture of granular particles 
and furfuraceous scales. 
NARCOSPAS'MUS, from 'stupor,' and 
aTtacrpos, 'spasm.' Stupor combined with spasm. 
NARCOTIA, Narcotine. 
NARCOTIC POISON, see Poison. 
NARCOTICO-ACRID, see Poison. 
NARCOT'ICS, Narcot' ica, Carot'ica, Obstu- 
pefacien'tia, Stupefacicn'tia, Stupefa'cients, (F.) 
Stupefactifs, Stvpefiants. Same etymon. Sub- 
stances, which have the property of stupefying; 
- as opium, stramonium, hyoscyamus, bella- 
donna, &c. They are used in medicine as 
soothing agents; exerting their special influence 
on the brain and tubular matter of the spinal 
marrow. In small doses, as a general rule, 
narcotics stimulate; in large, they act as seda- 
tives. The following is a list of the chief narco- 
tics :- Aconitum, ABtherea, Belladonna, Cam- 
phora, Cannabis, Conium, Digitalis, Humulus, 
Hyoscyamus, Lactucarium, Opium and Morphia, 
Stramonii Folia, Stramonii Semina, Mental Nar- 
cotics, (Appropriate Music, Monotonous sounds, 
or any succession of monotonous impressions.) 
NAR'COTINE, Narcoti'na, Narcot'ia, Narco- 
tin, Anarcoti'na, Opia'num ; same etymon ; (F.) 
Sei de Dlrosne, Opiane, Sei d'opium, Principe 
crystallizable de Derosne. A solid, white, inodo- 
rous, and insipid substance; by some considered 
to be alkaloid; by others neuter; crystallizahle 
in straight prisms with a rhomboidal base; fusi- 
ble like the fats; soluble in boiling alcohol and 
ether, and scarcely soluble in water. Narcotine 
produces all the unpleasant effects of opium; but, 
at the same time, throws the animal into a state 
of stupor. It is not used in medicine, on account 
of these objections. The salts, which are very 
bitter, have been used successfully in India for 
the cure of intermittents. 
NARCOTISM, Narcosis. 
NAR'COTIZED, Tor'pidus, Narco'des. Af- 
fected with stupor, as from the use of a narcotic. 
NARD, CELTIC, Valeriana Celtica - n. In- 
dica, Nardus Indica-n. Indien, Nardus Indica- 
n. Indique, Nardus Indica-n. Petit, Aralia nudi- 
caulis-n. Sauvage, Asarum. 
NARDUM GALLICUM, Valeriana Celtica. 
NARDUS AMERICANUS, Aralia nudicaulis 
-n. Celtica, Valeriana Celtica-n. Montana, Asa- 
rum. 
Nardus In'dica, Spica nardi, Spica In'dica, 
Andropo'gon nardus seu citriodo'rvs, Indian 
nurd, Spikenard. The root of this plant is one 
of the ingredients in the mithridate and theriaca. 
It is moderately warm and pungent, and has a 
flavour by no means disagreeable. It is used by 
the Orientals as a spice : - (F.) Nard Indien, N. 
Indique. An ointment was formerly used, called NARES 
Unguen' turn nardi'num. It was prepared of Nard, 
Alalabathrum leaven, Oil of worms, Costus, Amo- 
mum, Myrrh, &c., and was used as a detergent. 
Nardus Rustica, Asarum. 
NARES, Rhines, Cav'itas Na'rium, Cavum seu 
Ca'vea seu Caver'na na'rium, Nasus inter'nus, 
Mycte'res, Na'rium ad'itus, Ocheteu'mata. The 
nostrils, (F.) Narines. Two elliptical apertures, 
situate beneath the nose, and separated from 
each other by the cartilaginous siyturn seu co- 
lum'na nasi. These apertures are continually 
open, and give passage to the air we breathe, and 
to the mucous fluids secreted in the nasal fossae. 
Nares Interna:, Nasal fossae. 
Nares Posterior, Nares postre'ma, Extre'- 
m<n nares, Os'tia posterio'ra seu Choa'nce na'- 
rium, Na'rium Ex'itus, (F.) Arriires narines, Ou- 
vertures posterieures des fosses nasales, are the 
posterior apertures of the nasal cavities, which 
establish a communication between those cavities 
and the pharynx. They are bounded, above, by 
the body of the sphenoid bone; below, by the 
palate bone, and the base of the velum pendu- 
lum ; and, on the outside, by the internal ala of 
the pterygoid process. They are separated from 
each other by a septum, of which the vomer is 
the bony part. 
NARIFUSO'RIA, from nares, 'the nostrils,' 
and fundere, fiuum, ' to pour.' Medicine dropt 
into the nostrils. 
NARINES, Nares. 
NARIUM ADITUS, Nares-n. Siccitas, Myc- 
teroxerotes. 
NARTIIECIA, Formulary, Myris. 
NARTIIECIUM, Formulary, Myris. 
NARTHEX, Myris, Splint - n. 
Asafoetida, see Asafoetida. 
NASA, Nacra, Nata. 
NASAL, Nasa'lis, from nanus, 'the nose.' 
That which relates to the nose. 
Nasal Artery. This is the largest of the two 
branches in which the ophthalmic artery termi- 
nates. It issues from the orbit, above the tendon 
of the orbicularis palpebrarum, passes above the 
side of the root of the nose, and anastomoses with 
the last extremity of the facial. Haller gave the 
name nasal to the spheno-palatine. He also 
called the dorsales nasi, furnished by the exter- 
nal maxillary, Nasa'les latera'les. 
Nasal Bones, Ossa nasi, Ossa nasa'lia, Ossie'- 
ula nasi, Ossa maxil'lee superio'ris quarta seu 
quinta seu secun'da, (F.) Os nasaux, Os propres 
du nez. These bones are situate beneath the 
nasal notch of the os frontis, and occupy the 
space between the nasal or angular processes of 
the superior maxillary bone. Their shape is 
nearly quadrilateral. They have an external or 
cutaneous surface, an internal or nasal, and four 
margins. Each is articulated with its fellow, 
with the os frontis, ethmoid, and superior maxil- 
lary bones. They ossify from a single point. 
Nasal Car'tilage, Cartila'go triangida'ris 
Nasi. A cartilage formed of three portions, 
which unite at the dorsum nasi, and are distin- 
guished into the cartilage of the septum, and the 
lateral cartilages. This cartilage is continuous, 
above, with the ossa nasi, and, inferiorly, with 
membranous fibro-cartilages, which form the sup- 
ple and movable part of the nostrils. They are 
two in number-the one before, the other behind. 
Nasal Duct, Lachrymal duct-n. Eminence, 
Mesophryon. 
Nasal Fossa:, Cavi na'rium, Nares inter'nee. 
Two large, anfractuous cavities, situate between 
the orbits below the cranium, and lined by 
the pituitary or Schneiderian membrane. These 
cavities have no communication with each other; 
but the various sinuses in the neighbouring bones 
587 
NASAL 
-the ethmoidal, sphenoidal, superior maxillary, 
<tc. - all communicate with them. The general 
cavity of each nostril is divided by the ossa spon- 
giosa into three meatus or passages, which run 
from before backwards. 1. The Jleatus narium 
supe'rior, placed at the upper, inner, and back 
part of the superior spongy bone. 2. The Mea- 
tus me'dius, situate between the superior and in- 
ferior spongy bones; and 3. The Meatus infe'- 
rior, situate between the inferior spongy bone 
and the bottom of the nose. The Schneide- 
rian membrane receives the first pair of nerves, 
and various branches from the fifth pair. The 
arteries are furnished by the branches of the in- 
ternal maxillary, known under the names of 
spheno-palatine, infra-orbitar, superior alveolar, 
palatine, pterygo-palatine; by the supra-orbitar, 
and ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery, 
by the internal carotid, superior labial, and dor- 
sales nasi. Its veins are little known, and gene- 
rally follow the course of the arteries. The lym- 
phatics are almost unknown. The nasal fossaa 
are the seat of smell; they aid, also, in repiration 
and phonation. 
Nasal Meatus, see Nasal fossae. 
Nasal Mucus, Mucus na'rium, Phlegma na'- 
rium crassum, Mucor seu Pitui'ta seu Vienna seu 
Lympha muculen'ta na'rium, Apomyx'ia, vulgarly 
called Snot, (F.) Morve, is the mucus secreted by 
the Schneiderian membrane. 
Nasal Nerve, Naso-palpebral (Ch.), Naso- 
ocula'ris (Sommering), Naso-cilia'ris. One of 
the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve of 
Willis. It enters the orbit by the sphenoidal fis- 
sure, passes along the inner paries of that cavity, 
and divides, opposite the internal and anterior 
orbitar foramen, into two branches. 1. The in- 
ternal and posterior, which passes into the Fora- 
men orbitarium internum anterius, enters the cra- 
nium beneath the dura mater, and passes into the 
nasal fossae, through an aperture at the side of 
the Crista galli. It afterwards divides into seve- 
ral filaments : one of them - the Naso-lobar, of 
Chaussier - is very small, and descends on the 
posterior surface of the os nasi, and ramifies on 
the integuments of the ala nasi. A second ter- 
minates near the septum ; others descend along 
the outer paries of the nasal fossae. 2. The other 
is external and anterior, and is called the external 
nasal nerve. It is distributed to the outside of 
the orbit. Before dividing, the nasal nerve com- 
municates with the ophthalmic ganglion, and 
gives off two or three ciliary nerves : the Poste- 
rior Nasal Nerve. Sommering has given this 
name to the nerves, which arise from the inter- 
nal part of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
Nasal Notch, (F,) Ecbancrure nasale. A 
semicircular notch, situate between the nasal 
prominence of the frontal bone, and articulated 
with the nasal bones and the nasal processes of 
the superior maxillary bones. 
Nasal Process, Maxillary bone, superior. 
Nasal Prominence, (F.) Bosse nasale. A 
prominence, situate on the median line, at the 
anterior surface of the os frontis, between the two 
superciliary arches. 
Nasal Region, Re'gio nasa'lis. The region 
of the nose. 
Nasal Spines. These are three in number. 
1. The Svpe'rior nasal spine of the os frontis, 
occupying the middle of its nasal notch, and ar- 
ticulated before with the nasal bones, behind 
with the ethmoid. 2. The infe'rior and ante'rior 
nasal spine, situate at the inferior part of the an- 
terior opening of the nasal fossae. It is formed 
by the two superior maxillary bones ; and 3. The 
infe'rior and poste'rior nasal spine, Epine guttu- 
rale (Ch.), a process, formed or thu medii.n line NASALE 
by the two palate bones at the posterior part of 
tne palatine arch. 
NASALE, Errhine. 
NASALIS, Compressor naris. 
Nasa'lis La'bh Superio'ius. A small mus- 
cular slip, which runs up from the middle of the 
orbicularis and the lip to the tip of the nose. It 
lies exactly in the furrow, and is occasionally a 
levator of the upper lip, or a depressor of the tip 
of the nose. 
NASAS, Nata. 
NASATUS, Membrosus. 
NAS'CALE. A kind of pessary, made of woo] 
or cotton, which was formerly introduced into 
the vagina, after being impregnated with oil, 
ointment, or some other proper medicament. 
NASCAPHTIION, Narcarphthon. 
•NASDA, Nata. 
NASI, see Oryza. 
NASITAS, Rhinophonia. 
NASITIS, Rhinitis-n. Postica, Anginanasalis. 
NASO, Nasu'tus, from nasus, 'the nose.' One 
who has a long nose. 
NASOCILIARIS (Nervus), Nasal nerve. 
NASO-LA'BIAL, Naso-labialis ; from nasus, 
'the nose,' and labium, 'a lip.' Relating to the 
nose and lip. 
Naso-Labial Line. A line or furrow, which 
separates the lip from the cheek, and commences 
at the ala nasi. 
NASO-LABIA'LIS. A muscular fasciculus 
described by Albinus, which arises from the an- 
terior extremity of the septum nasi, and termi- 
nates in the orbicularis oris. 
NASO-PAL'ATINE, Naso-palati'nus. That 
which belongs to the nose and velum palati. 
Naso-Palatine Ganglion is situate in the 
foramen palatinum anterius. Its greater extre- 
mity receives the two naso-palatine branches; 
whilst the smaller gives off two or three fila- 
ments, which reach the palatine vault, where 
they ramify on the membrane of the same name, 
anastomosing with filaments of the great palatine 
nerve. 
Naso-Palatine Nerve is furnished by the 
spheno-palatine, which proceeds from the gan- 
glion of Meckel. It traverses the vault of the 
nasal fossae, and proceeds upon the septum be- 
tween the two layers of the pituitary membrane. 
It enters the anterior palatine canal, and termi- 
nates at the superior angles of the naso-palatine 
ganglion, without attaining the mouth. 
NASO-PALPEBRAL, Orbicularis palpebra- 
rum. 
NASTA, Nata. 
NASTURTIUM AMPHIBIUM, see Sisym- 
brium- n. Aquaticum, Cardamine pratensis, Si- 
symbrium nasturtium-n. Bursa pastoris, Thlaspi 
bursa-n. Hortense, Lepidium sativum-n. Indi- 
cum, Tropieolum majus-n. Officinale, Sisymbri- 
um nasturtium-n. Palustre, see Sisymbrium-n. 
Peruvianum, Tropseolum majus - n. Pratense, 
Cardamine pratensis-n. Sativum, Lepidium sa- 
tivum. 
NASUM DILATANS, Pyramidalis nasi. 
NASUS, The Nose, Rhin, Rhis, Or'ganon ol- 
factus seu odora'ttis seu ol'facto'rium, Promonto'- 
rium faciei, Myxo'ter, Emuncto'rium cer'ebri, 
Snout, (F.) Nez. The nose is a pyramidal emi- 
nence, situate above the anterior apertures of the 
nasal fossae, which it covers; and, consequently, 
occupying the middle and upper part of the face, 
betw'een the forehead and upper lip, the orbits 
and the cheeks. Its lateral surfaces form, by 
uniting angularly, a more or less prominent line, 
called Dorsum seu Rhachis seu Spina Nasi. (F.) 
du nez. This line terminates, anteriorly, 
588 
NAUCLEA 
by the lobe,-Lob'ulus. The sides are called Alee 
Nasi, Pinna Naris, (F.) Ailes du nez. The co- 
lumna is the inferior part of the partition. Its 
apex or tip has been called Glob'ulus nasi. 
The chief varieties of the nose are the aq'uiline, 
the flat nose, (F.) A7-« camarot ou epate, and the 
snub nose, (F.) Nez retrousse. The nose is formed, 
besides its bones, of fibro-cartilage, cartilage, mus- 
cles, vessels, and nerves; and its use seems to be to 
direct odours to the upper part of the nasal fossae. 
Nasus Internus, Nares. 
NASUTUS, Naso. 
NATA, Natta, Nasa, Nasda, Nasta, Nasas, 
Napta. A fleshy, indolent excrescence, having 
the shape of the nates. 
NATARON, Natron. 
NATA'TION, Nata'tio, from nafare, itself from 
nare, ' to swim.' Swimming. The action of 
swimming, or of supporting one's self, or moving 
upon the water. Swimming resembles the hori- 
zontal leap in its physiology-the medium being 
water instead of air. The difference between the 
specific gravity of the human body and that of 
water is not great; so that but little exertion is 
required to keep a part of the body above water. 
Swimming is a healthy gymnastic exercise, com- 
bining the advantages of bathing. 
NATES, Eplied'rana, Nat'idee, Sca'phia, Clunes, 
Glutoi, Gluti, Glu'tia, Sedi'lia, Pyge, Jlona, the 
Bottom, Backside, Poste'riors, Buttocks, Ac., (F.) 
Fesses. Two round projections, at the inferior 
and posterior part of the trunk, on which we sit. 
Amongst the mammalia, man alone has the nates 
prominent and round. They are formed chiefly 
by the skin, and a thick layer of areolar tissue, 
which covers the three glutaji muscles; 
Nates Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora - 
n. et Testes, Quadrigemina corpora. 
NATRIUM, Sodium. 
NATROCRENJE, Natropegae. 
NATRON, Natrum, Nat'aron, Nitrum, Ana- 
trum, Aphronitrum, from Natron, a lake in Judaea. 
A saline compound, very abundant in Egypt, 
which is almost wholly formed of subcarbonate 
of soda. 
NATRONIUM, Sodium. 
NATROI'E'GjE, Natrocre'na, from Natron, 
and •nnyn, ' a spring.' Soda springs. 
NATRUM, Natron - n. Chloratuin liquidum, 
Liquor sodae chlorinataa - n. Muriaticum, Soda, 
muriate of-n. Muriatum, Soda, muriate of-n. 
Praeparatum, Soda, subcarbonate of-n. Tartari- 
zatum, Soda, tartrate of-n. Vitriolatum, Soda, 
sulphate of-n. Nitricum, Soda, nitrate of-n. 
Oxymuriaticum, Soda, chloride of-n. Oxyphos- 
phorodes, Soda, phosphate of - n. Sulphuricum, 
Soda, sulphate of. 
NATTA, Nata. 
NATULA3, Nates. 
NATU'RA, from nasci, 'to be born or arise.' 
Physis. Nature. Also, genital organs. 
Natu'ra Morbi. The essence or condition of 
a disease. 
NATURAL PARTS, Genital organs. 
NATURALIA, Genital organs. 
NA'TURISM, Nat'uralism. A view which 
attributes every thing to nature, as a sage, pre- 
scient, and sanative entity. - Nysten. See Ex- 
pectation. 
NA'TURIST. A physician who scrupulously 
investigates, interprets, and follows the indica- 
tions presented by nature in the treatment of 
disease. 
NAU'CLEA GAMBIR, Unca'ria gambir. A 
plant of the family and tribe Cinchonacese, a 
native of the Malayan Peninsula and Indian Ar- 
chipelago, which yields large quantities of the 
kind of Catechu known by the names Terra Ja- NAUSEA 
pon'ica and Square Catechu, and which, in Indian 
commerce, is called Gambeer. It is a powerful 
astringent, much used in tanning, and in medi- 
cine, as a substitute for the Catechu of the Acacia. 
NAU'SEA, Nau'sia, Nausi'asis, Nausio'sis, 
Nau'tia, Queasiness, Sqtteasiness, (F.) Nausie, 
Envie de vomir; from van;, navis, 'a ship;' be- 
cause those unaccustomed to sailing are so af- 
fected. Sickness. Inclination to vomit. 
Nausea, Kreat'ic,(xpcas, xpeatos, 'flesh.') The 
sickness and vomiting, excited, in some nervous 
patients, by the smallest portion of animal food. 
Nausea Mari'na, Morbus nau'ticus, Vom'itus 
navigan'tium seu mari'nus, Seasickness, (F.) Mai 
de mer. The sickness, vomiting, &c., experienced 
at sea by those unaccustomed to a sea-life; and 
from which those who are accustomed are not 
always exempt. It generally ceases when the 
person becomes habituated to the motion of the 
vessel, and not till then. 
NAU'SEANT, Nau'seans. An agent that ex- 
cites nausea, which is a state of diminished action. 
Nauseants are, hence, valuable remedies in dis- 
eases of excitement. 
NAUSIA, Nausea. 
NAUSIASIS, Nausea. 
NAUSIO'SIS. This word, besides being sy- 
nonymous with nausea, has been used to express 
the state of venous hemorrhage, when blood is 
discharged by jets. 
NAUTIA, Nausea. 
NAVEL, Umbilicus-n. String, Funiculus um- 
bilicalis-n. Wort, Cotyledon umbilicus-n.Wort, 
Venus's, Cotyledon umbilicus. 
NAVET, Brassica rapa. 
NAVETTE, Brassica rapa. 
NAVIC'ULAR, Navicula' ris,Navifor'mis, from 
navicula, 'a little ship.* 
Navic'ular Fossa, Fossa Navicula'ris, F. 
Scaphoi'des, Na vic'ula, Scaph'ula. See Scaphoid. 
This name has been given, 1. To a small depres- 
sion between the entrance of the vagina and the 
posterior commissure of the labia major or four- 
chette. 2. To a perceptible dilatation, presented 
by the urethra in man, near the base of the 
glans. 3. To the superficial depression which 
separates the two roots of the helix. This is also 
called Scapha. 
NAVICULARE OS, Scaphoides os. 
NAVIFORMIS, Navicular. 
NAVIS, Vulva. 
NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
NEB'ULA, Nubes, Nubec'ula, Nephos, Neph'- 
ele, Nephe'lion, (F.) Ntiage, Ombrage. A slight 
speck on the cornea. A mist or cloud suspended 
in the urine. See Caligo. 
NEBULOUS. Nepheloid. 
NEC"ESSARY, Necessa'rius, (ne, and cessare.] 
The Necessaries of Life, Vitce necessitates, 
Besoins de la vie, include every thing requisite 
for the maintenance of life, and particularly food. 
NECK, DERBYSHIRE, Bronchocele - n. 
Swelled, Bronchocele - n. Stiff, Torticollis - n. 
Wry. Torticollis. 
NECKLACE, AN'ODYNE. These are formed 
of the roots of hyoscyamus, Job's tears, allspice 
steeped in brandy, or the seeds of the wild liquo- 
rice vine, to suit the fancy of the prescriber. 
They are employed to facilitate dentition in chil- 
dren, and to procure sleep in fever.(!) 
NECKWEED, Veronica beccabuugu, V. pere- 
grina. 
NECRJE'MIA, from vespos, 'death,' and 'ruga, 
'blood.' Death of the blood. Death beginning 
with the blood. 
NECRENCEPHALUS, Mollifies cerebri. 
NECROCEDIA, Embalming. 
NECRODES, Cadaverous. 
589 
NEEDLE 
NECROLOGY, BILLS OF, Mortality, bills of. 
N EC'ROMANCY, Necromnnti' a,Negromanti'a, 
Necyomanti'a, Nigromanti'a, from vtKpos, 'death,' 
and pavTiia, 'divination.' Divination by the dead. 
NECROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
NEGRON, Cadaver. 
NECRONARCEMA, Rigor mortis. 
NECROPHOB'IA, from vck?os, ' death,' and 
<f>o[Sos, ' fear.' Exaggerated fear of death. This 
symptom occurs in patients where the disease is 
not mortal; as in hypochondriasis. In fevers, it 
is not a good symptom. 
NECROPNEUMO'NIA, Pneumo'nia gangra- 
no'sa seu typho'sa, Gangra'na seu Mortijica'tio 
seu Anthrax seu Carbun' cuius Pulmo'num, Pneu- 
mosep'sis, Pncumoc'ace, (F.) Gangrene du Pou- 
mon ; from vtKpos, ' death,' and pneumonia. Gan- 
grenous inflammation of the lungs. This may be 
diffused or circumscribed. The only pathogno- 
monic symptom is the extraordinary and repul- 
sive odour of the breath and expectoration. The 
treatment consists in the use of the chlorides in- 
ternally, or of chlorine by inhalation; allaying 
irritation by opium, and supporting the patient 
by wine-whey, and nourishing diet. 
NECROPSIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
NECROPSY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
NECROSCOPIA, Autopsia cadaverica. 
NECROSCOPY, Autopsia cadaverica. 
NECRO'SIS, from vtKpou, 'I kill.' Mortifica- 
tion. State of a bone or of a portion of a bone 
deprived of life. Osteogangrce'na, Osteonecro'sis. 
Necrosis may take place without the surrounding 
soft parts being struck with gangrene. It is to 
the bones what gangrene is to the soft parts. 
The part of the bone affected with necrosis be- 
comes a foreign body, similar to the gangrenous 
eschar, and its separation must be accomplished 
by the efforts of nature, or by art. When necro- 
sis occurs in the centre of long bones, it never 
extends to their articular extremities. The exte- 
rior layers of bone form a canal round the dead 
portion or sequestrum; between these swollen 
layers and the sequestrum, suppuration takes 
place ; the matter presses against the bony canal; 
perforates it, and is discharged by apertures, 
which become fistulous. 
In the treatment, the exit of the sequestrum 
must be facilitated by proper incisions, by the 
application of the trepan to the bone, <tc. 
Necrosis Cerealis, Ergotism - n. Pentium, 
Dental gangrene - n. Ustilaginea, Ergotism. 
NECROTOMY, Dissection. 
NECTANDRA RODIEI, see Bebeeru. 
NECTAR, from vrj, 'a particle of negation,' 
and Kraui, ' to kill.' A pleasant liquor, feigned 
by the poets to have been the drink of the gods, 
and to have rendered immortal those who partook 
of it. A name given, by the ancients, to many 
drinks; and particularly to one made with wine, 
evaporated, and sweetened with honey. 
NECTARIUM, Inula helenium. 
NECUSIA, see Wound. 
NECYOMANTIA, Necromancy. 
NEDYIA, Intestines. 
NEDYS, vrjivs. The belly, abdomen, stomach, 
uterus. 
NEEDLE, Sax. nehl, nae&l, from Teut. neten, 
'to sew.' Acus, Bel'one, Raphis, Raph' ion, Aces'- 
tra, (F.) Aiguille. A steel instrument, used in 
many professions. In Surgery, a steel, gold, sil- 
ver, or platina instrument, that may be round, flat, 
or triangular, straight, or curved, supported or 
not by a handle, but having always a point, by 
means of which it penetrates the textures; and 
often having, either near the point, or, more com- 
monly, near the other extremity, an aperture or 
eye for the reception of a thread or tape, which NEEDLE 
it introduces into the parts. The Aiguille d ap- 
pareil of the French is the ordinary sewing nee- 
dle used in the making of bandages, <tc. 
Needle, Acupuncture, (F.) Aiguille d Acu- 
puncture, An inflexible gold or silver needle; 
conical, very delicate, four inches long, furnished 
with a handle, and, at times, with a canula 
shorter than it by about half an inch. An ordi- 
nary needle, waxed at the head, will answer as a 
substitute for this. See Acupuncture. 
Needle, Cataract, Acue ophthal'mica, (F.) 
Aiguille d cataracte. Needles of gold, silver, and 
steel have been used; the latter, alone, at the 
present day. The cataract needle is employed 
to depress or tear the crystalline when opake. 
This needle is usually made from 15 to 24 lines 
long; and is attached to a line handle. The ex- 
tremity may be, as in Scarpa's and Langenbeck's, 
pointed, prismatic, triangular, and curved; in 
Dupuytren's and Walther's, flat, curved, and 
sharp-edged; in Hey's, flat, with a semicircular 
and sharp end; or, as in Beer's, Siebold's, 
Schmidt's, Himly's, Von Grafe's, <fcc., straight 
and spear-pointed. A mark is generally placed 
upon the handle to inform the operator, -when 
the instrument is engaged in the eye,-what side 
corresponds to the crystalline. 
Needle for a Counter-Opening, Acus invagi- 
na'ta, (F.) Aiguille d Contre-ouverture, Aiguille 
engainee, Aiguille d gaine, - a long, narrow in- 
strument of steel; the point of which is fine and 
sharp on both sides;-the heel (talon) having an 
aperture to receive a thread, tape, <fcc., provided 
with a flat, silver sheath, shorter than the blade, 
the point of which it covers when passing through 
parts that have to be respected. 
Needle, Deschamp's, Paupe's needle, (F.) Ai- 
guille de Deschamps, Aiguille d manche, &c., is 
the last described needle, fixed to a handle. The 
eye is placed near the point. It is employed in 
the ligature of deep-seated arteries. 
Needle, Fis'tula, (F.) Aiguille d Fistule. A 
long, flat, flexible, silver instrument; having an 
aperture near one extremity; blunt at the other. 
This was formerly used for passing a seton into 
fistulous ulcers. On one of its sides was a groove 
for guiding a bistouri in case of necessity. 
Also, a long, steel instrument, terminated by a 
point like that of a trocar, which Desault em- 
ployed for penetrating the rectum, when operating 
for fistula that had no internal aperture. 
Needle, Hare-Lip, (F.) Aiguille d Bee de 
Lievre. A small, silver canula, to which is at- 
tached a spear-point, that can be readily with- 
drawn. This needle, armed with the point, is 
introduced at one side of the fissure in the lip, 
and through the other. The twisted suture is 
then applied, and the pin withdrawn. 
Needle, Lig'ature, (F.) Aiguille d ligature. 
A long, steel instrument, sharp towards one ex- 
tremity, with an eye near the other, which was 
formerly used for suspending the circulation of 
blood prior to amputation, by being passed through 
the limb, so as to include the principal artery and 
a part of the muscles and integuments. 
Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
round towards one of its extremities, which was 
straight, and furnished with an aperture; curved 
and flat towards the opposite, which was pointed, 
and had a slight ridge on its concave side. At 
the commencement of the last century, this in- 
strument was used to pass ligatures around ves- 
sels. 
Also, a steel instrument of various dimensions, 
flat, regularly curved in the form of a semicircle, 
with a sharp or lance point, and a long eye, used 
with advantage in place of the last. 
590 
NEPENTHES 
Needle, Seton, (F.) Aiguille d Seton. A long, 
narrow, steel blade; pointed and sharp at one 
extremity; pierced at the other by an aperture. 
The Aiguille d contre-ouverture may be used for 
the same purpose. 
Needle, Suture, (F.) Aiguille d Suture. For 
the twisted suture, the hare-lip needle is used; 
for the others, the straight or curved needle: the 
straight needle is preferable for stitching up the 
abdomen, <fcc., in dissection. In the suture of 
the tendons, a curved needle has been used; flat 
on both sides, and cutting only at the concave 
edge, in order that the instrument may pass be- 
tween the tendinous fibres without dividing them. 
NEEDLE-BEARER, Porte-aiguille. 
NEEDLE-CARRIER, Porte-aiguille. 
NEFLE, Mespilus (the fruit.) 
NE FLIER, Mespilus. 
NEFREN'DES, properly, 'sucking pigs.' - 
Varro. Nodoi, Eden'tuli (vr), privative, and oiovs, 
'a tooth.') Persons devoid of teeth. Young chil- 
dren, for instance, who have not cut them; or 
aged persons, who have lost them. This state is 
called Nefrendis, Nodo'sia, Odou'tia eden'tula. 
NEGOTIUM PARTURITIONIS, Parturition. 
NEGRE BLANC, Albino. 
NEGRETIA PRURIENS, Dolichos pruriens. 
NEGRO, Ni'grita. One of the race. 
See Homo and Mulatto. 
NEGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
NEIAi'RA, Nei'ra, Imus Venter. The lower 
part of the belly. - Hippocrates. 
NEIGE, Snow. 
NEIRA, Neiaera. 
NELUM'BIUM LU'TEUM, Yellow ne'lumbo, 
Yellow water lily, Pond lily, Water shield, Water 
nuts, Water chin'capin, Rattle nut, Sacred bean. 
A beautiful water plant, common in the United 
States, and belonging to Nat. Ord. Nymphaceae ; 
Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. The leaves 
are cooling and emollient when applied to the 
surface. The roots, leaves, and nuts are eaten. 
The last are called by the Indians and others 
water chincapins. 
NELUMBO, YELLOW, Nelumbium luteum. 
NENDO, Angelica lucida. 
NENNDORF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Nenndorf is a village three and a half German 
miles from Hanover. Its cold sulphureous spring 
is much celebrated. 
NENUPHAR, Nymphrea alba - n. Blanc, 
Nymphsea alba-n. Jaune, Nymphsea lutea - n. 
Lutea, Nymphaea lutea - n. Odorant, Nymphaea 
odorata. 
NEOARTIIRO'SIS, from vcoj, 'new,' and ap- 
Opov, 'a joint.' A new joint; an artificial joint. 
NEOG'ALA, from veos, 'new,' and ya\a, 'milk.' 
Milk secreted immediately after the colostrum. 
Also, the colostrum. 
NEOGENES, Nouveau-n£. 
NEOGILUS, jVouve«u-n£. 
NEOGNUS, Nouveau-ne. 
NEONATUS, Aroiweau-n£. 
NE'OPLASTY, Neoplas'tice: from vcot, ' new,' 
and irXaaau), rXarrw, ' I form.' An operative pro- 
cess for the formation of new parts. It includes 
autoplasty, cicatrization of wounds, and the for- 
mation of adhesions. - Burdach. 
NEOTTIA, Goodyera pubescens. 
NEP, Nepeta. 
NEPEN'THA DESTILLATO'RIA, Bandu'ra, 
A Ceylonese plant, the root of which is astringent. 
NEPEN'THES, from vq, negative particle, and 
ircvSos, ' grief.' A remedy much extolled by the 
ancients against sadness and melancholy. 
The women of Thebes, according to Diodorus NEPETA 
Siceliotes, alone possessed the secret of its com- 
position ; and, according to Homer, Helen intro- 
duced it from Egypt. Some suppose it to have 
been opium. 
Nepenthes, Bangue-n. Opiatum, Pilulaa opi- 
atse. 
NEP'ETA, N. Cata'ria seu vulga'ris Cata'ria 
vulga'ris, Herba fells, Nep or Catmint, (F.) Herbe 
aux Chats,-so called, because cats are fond of it. 
The leaves, Cata'ria (Ph. U. S.), have a smell and 
taste like those of an admixture of spearmint and 
pennyroyal. It has been recommended in ute- 
rine disorders, dyspepsia, flatulency, <fcc., like 
pennyroyal; and is much used in domestic medi- 
cine, on the American continent, in flatulencies, 
&c., of children. 
Nepeta Agrestis, Melissa nepeta - n. Gle- 
choma, Glechoma hederacea - n. Vulgaris, Ne- 
peta. 
NEPHALIOTES, Temperance. 
NEPHELE, Enaeorema, Nebula. 
NEPHELION, Nebula. 
NEPH'ELOID, Nephelol'des, Nephelo'des, 
Neb'ulous, Nubilo'sus. An epithet applied to 
urine when it is cloudy- Uri'na nephelo'des. 
NEPHOS, Nebula. 
NEPHRAL'GIA, Dolor Nephret'icus, Neural- 
gia Renum, (F.) Neuralgic des Reins, Dysnephro- 
nervie, from veQpos, 'a kidney,' and ahyos, 'pain.' 
Pain and neuralgia in the kidney. 
Nephralgia Arenosa, see Gravel-n. Calcu- 
losa, see Gravel - n. Rheumatica, Lumbago. 
NEPHRAPOS'TASIS, Nephropyo'sis, Absces'- 
sus rena'lis, from v&ppos, ' kidney,' and airoaraais, 
' abscess.' Renal abscess. 
NEPHRATON'IA, from 'kidney,' and 
arovia, ' want of tone.' Renum aton'ia seu pa- 
ralysis. Atony of the kidney. 
NEPIIRELCO'SIS, Nephropyo'sis, Helco'sis 
rena'lis, from vt<ppos, 'kidney,' and 'tXicuais, 'ul- 
ceration.' Ulceration of the kidney. 
NEPHRELMIN'TIC, Nephrelmin'ticus, from 
vKipog, 'a kidney,' and 'ehpavs, 'a worm.' That 
which is owing to the presence of worms in the 
kidney. 
NEPHREMPHRAX'IS, from •& kid- 
ney,' and cpippacaio, 'I obstruct.' A name given 
by Ploucquet to obstruction of the kidneys. 
NEPHRET'IC, Nephrid'ius, Nephrit'ic, Ne- 
phrit'icus, from vc<j>pos, ' a kidney.' That which 
relates to the kidney. Applied, especially, to 
pain, &c., seated in the kidney. 
NEPHRET'ICUM, in Materia Medica, means 
a medicine employed for the cure of diseases of 
the kidney. 
Nephreticum Lignum, Guilandina moringa. 
NEPHRET'ICUS LAPIS, Talcum nephrit'- 
icum, (F.) Pierre nephretique, Jade nephrite ou 
oriental. A green, fatty kind of stone, - once 
used as an amulet against epilepsy; an absurd 
name, as there can be no such remedy. 
NEPHRID'ION, Pingue'do rena'lis. The fat 
which surrounds the kidneys. - Hippocrates. 
NEPHRIDIUM, Capsule, renal. 
NEPHRIDIUS, Nephretic. 
NEPHRITE, Nephritis-n. Albumineuse, Kid- 
ney, Bright's disease of the. 
NEPHRITES, Asphaltites. 
NEPHRITIC, Nephretic. 
NEPHRITICUM LIGNUM, Guilandina mo- 
ringa. 
NEPHRITIS, Asphaltites, 
Nephritis, Empres'ma Nephritis, from vcibpos, 
'kidney,' and 'denoting inflammation;' Re- 
num inflamma'tio, Nephro-phleg'mone, - Inflam- 
mation of the Kidney, (F.) Nephrite, Inflammation 
591 
NEPHROPYIC 
des Reins, is characterized by acute pain; burn- 
ing heat, and a sensation of weight in the region 
of one or both kidneys; suppression or diminu- 
tion of urine; fever; dysuria; ischuria; consti- 
pation, more or less obstinate; retraction of the 
testicle, and numbness of the thigh of the same 
side. It may be distinguished into simple and 
calculous nephritis. In the latter, the urine often 
contains small particles of uric acid or of urate 
of ammonia. The most common causes of ne- 
phritis are, - excess in irritating and alcoholic 
drinks; abuse of diuretics.; blows or falls on the 
region of the kidneys; the presence of renal cal- 
culi, &c. It may be distinguished from lumbago 
by the pain which attends the latter on the 
slightest motion, &c. It usually terminates by 
resolution in from one week to two or three. It 
may, however, end in suppuration-pyonephrite ; 
or may become chronic-chronontphrite, (Piorry.) 
In the treatment, as bleeding, 
baths, <tc., are required to the full extent; with 
the use of diluents, opiates, <fcc. 
Nephritis Albuminensis, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the - n. Albuminosa, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the - n. Associated, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the - n. Cachectic, Kidney, Bright's 
disease of the-n. Sociata, Kidney, Bright's dis- 
ease of the. 
NEPHRODES, Nephroid. 
NEPHRODIUM FIL1X MAS, Polypodium 
filix mas. 
NEPHROG'RAPHY, from 'a kidney,' 
and ypa<l>r), ' a description.* An anatomical de- 
scription of the kidney. 
NEPHROHAJ'MIA, from ve<ppos, 'kidney,'and 
'aiya, ' blood.' Hyperaemia or congestion of the 
kidney. 
NEPH'ROID, Nephrol'des, Nephro'des, Reni- 
form'is, from vcppos, 'kidney,' and tihog, 'form, 
resemblance.' Reniform. Having a resemblance 
to a kidney - as 'nephroid cancer,' so called be- 
cause the morbid growth resembles the kidney in 
structure. 
NEPHROLITIII'ASIS, from vappoc, 'a kid- 
ney,' and \i0oS, 'a stone.' The disease of calculus 
in the kidney; Lith'ia rena'lis, Lithi'asis nephrit'- 
ica, L. Rena'lis. See Gravel. 
NEPHROLITH'IC, same etymon. Belonging 
to calculi in the kidneys. This epithet has been 
applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed 
in the kidneys. 
NEPHROL'OGY, Nephrolog"ia, from vetppoi, 
'kidney,' and hoyos, 'a treatise.' A treatise on 
the kidneys. Dissertation on the kidneys and 
their functions. 
NEPIIROMALA'CIA, from vt<ppo$, 'kidney, 
and yaXaKia, 'softness.' Softening of the kidney. 
NEPHROMETRAS, Psom. 
NEPHRON'CUS, Tumor rena'lis, from vtippoi, 
' kidney,' and oyxos, ' a tumour.' A tumefaction 
of the kidney. 
NEPHROPHLEGMAT'IC, Nephro-phlegmat'- 
icus, from vippos, 'kidney,'and <p\cypa, 'phlegm.* 
A name given, by some authors, to ischuria pro- 
duced by mucus contained in the urine. 
NEPHROPIILEGMONE, Nephritis. 
NEPHROPIIIHI'blS, from ve<ppo$, 'kidney,' 
and tpBiais, 'consumption.' Phthisis from suppu- 
ration of the kidney. 
N EPHROPLE THOR'IC, Nephro-plethor'icus, 
from viippos, ' a kidney,' and ' plethora.' 
Belonging to plethora of the kidneys. An epi- 
thet given to ischuria dependent upon this cause. 
NEPHROPY'IC, Nephro-py'icus, from vtippot, 
1 a kidney,' and trvov, ' pus.' Belonging to sup, 
puration of the kidney. NEPHROPTOSIS 
NEPHROPTOSIS, Nephrapostasis, Nephrel- 
cosis. 
NEPIIRORRHAG"IA, H&matu'ria rena'lin, 
Htemorrhag"ia renum, from 'kidney,' and 
payr), 'rupture;' Proflu'vium nan'guinie e re'nibus. 
Hemorrhage from the kidney. 
NEPHROS, Kidney. 
NEPHROSCLE'RIA, from 'kidney,' 
and 'hardness;' Indura'tio renum. In- 
duration of the kidneys. 
NEPIIROSPAS'TIC, Nephrospae'ticus, from 
vttypos, ' a kidney,' and aira<i>, ' I draw.' That 
which depends upon spasm of the kidney. An 
epithet given to a variety of ischuria. 
N E PII ROTH ROM'BOID, Nephro-thromboi' - 
den, from vcifrpos, 'a kidney,' and 3pop/3o?,'a clot.' 
That which depends upon clots of blood, con- 
tained in the kidneys or their ducts. An epithet 
for a species of ischuria. 
NEPIIROT'OMT, Nephro-lithot'omy, Nephro- 
tom'ia, Nephro-lithotom' ia, Sectio rena'lin, S. re- 
nin, from vcippof, 'a kidney,' and rcpi'tiv, 'to cut.' 
Dissection of the kidney. Also, an operation pro- 
posed with the view of extracting caleuli formed 
in the kidney, by means of an incision into the 
tissue of that organ. 
NEPHRUS, Kidney. 
NEPIOS, Infans. 
NEPIOTES, Infancy. 
NEPTA, Asphaltum. 
NERANTIA, see Citrus aurantium. 
NERF, Nerve-n. Circonfiexe, Axillary nerve 
-n. Dentaire, Dental nerve - n. Fesnier, Gluteal 
nerve - n. Glonso-pharyngien, Pharyngo-glossal 
nerve - n. Guatatif, see Lingual nerve - n. Gus- 
tatif innomine, Trigemini - n. Guttural, Palatine 
(middle) nerve - n. Gutturo-palatin, Palatine 
nerve-n. Honteux, Pudic nerve-n. /rien, Ciliary 
nerve-n. Ischio-clitorien, Pudic nerve-n. lachio- 
penien, Pudic nerve-n. Labyrinthique, Auditory 
nerve - n. Mentonnier, Mental nerve-n. Moteur 
oculaire externe, Motor oculi extcrnus-n. Oculo- 
museulaire externe, Motor oculi externus - n. 
Oculo-mueculaire interne, Patheticus nervus - 
n. PathGtique, Patheticus nervus - n. PeroniZre 
branche, Popliteal nerve, external-n. Pharyngo- 
glonnien, Pharyngo-glossal nerve - n. Premiire 
pairs traclGlienne, Occipital nerve - n. Vertebro- 
digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve - n. Pretibio- 
digital, Musculo-cutaneous nerve - n. Pretibio 
aueplantaire, Tibial nerve, anterior-n. Radio- 
digital, Radial nerve-n. Sciatique grand, Sciatic 
nerve, great-n. Sciatique petit, Sciatic nerve, 
lesser - n. Sciatique poplite externe, Musculo- 
cutaneous nerve - n. Sous-occipital, Occipital 
nerve-n. Soua-pubio-femoral, Obturator nerve- 
n. Spino-cranio-trapfzien, Spinal nerve - n. Sua- 
maxillaire, Maxillary superior nerve - n. Sunpu- 
bien, Supra-pubian nerve - n. Tibiale branche, 
Popliteal internal-n. Tracheal, Laryngeal infe- 
rior nerve- n. Trachelo-doraal, Spinal nerve - 
n. Trijumeau, Trigemini - n. d Train cordea, Tri- 
gemini- n. Ti/mpanique, Chorda tympani. 
NERFS BRONCHIQUES, Bronchial nerves 
- n. Ciliairea, Ciliary nerves - n. Moteura ocu- 
lairen communa, Motores oculorum-n. Sacria, 
Sacral nerves-n. Soua-coatales, Intercostal nerves. 
NERIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. N6ris is 
on the high road from Moulins to Limoges, eighty 
leagues from Paris. There are four springs, the 
water of which is clear, inodorous, tasteless, and 
has an unctuous feel. It contains carbonic acid 
gas, carbonate of soda, and sulphate of soda, 
chloride of sodium, silex and an animal matter to 
which its ' oleaginous' property is probably owing. 
The waters are generally used in the form of 
thermal baths. 
592 
NERVE 
NERIUM, N. oleander. 
Ne'rium Antidysinter'icum, Wright'ia anti- 
dysenter'ica. The tree which affords the Codaga'- 
pala Bark, Cones'si cortex, Tillicher'ry cortex, 
Cortex pro flu'vii. Family, Apoeyneae. Sex. Syst. 
Pentandria Monogynia. (F,)Codagapale,Cropale. 
The bark of this Malabar tree is of a black colour, 
externally, and is generally covered with a white 
moss or scurf. It has an austere, bitter taste, and 
has been recommended as an astringent in diarr- 
hoea, dysentery, <tc. 
Ne'rium Olean'der, Ne'rium, Rhododaph'nis, 
Rosa'go, (F.) Laurier rose. The leaves are re- 
puted to be narcotic. The infusion is employed 
internally, in herpetic affections, and the powder, 
incorporated with lard, is used in the itch. 
NERONIA'NA (PHLEBOTOM'IA.) An epi- 
thet given, for some cause, to phlebotomy, when 
more than one vein was opened on the same day. 
NERPR UN P UR GA TIF, Rhamnus. 
NERVE, Nervus, Neuron, vcvpor, ' a string.' 
(F.) Nerf. Neuron and Nervus meant also, with 
the ancients, the tendons and ligaments, Partes 
nervo'sa ; and hence the different acceptations of 
' nervous - a man of nerve - a strong, nervous 
man ; and a weak, nervous woman. The nerves 
are tubular cords of the same substance as that 
which composes the encephalon and spinal mar- 
row. They extend from one or other of the ner- 
vous centres to every part of the body', commu- 
nicating, frequently, with each other; forming 
plexuses, and, occasionally, ganglions; and being, 
at length, lost in the parenchyma of organs. 
There are 42 pairs, and, according to their origin, 
they are termed Cranial or Encephalic, and Spi- 
nal. Each nerve is composed of several filaments 
or cords placed alongside each other, and is sur- 
rounded by a neurilemma. The encephalic 
nerves, in general, have only one root in the 
brain, whilst the spinal arise from the marrow by 
two roots: the one from an anterior fasciculus of 
filaments, the other from a posterior, separated 
from each other by the Ligamentum denticulatum ; 
uniting outside this ligament, and presenting, near 
the intervertebral foramen, a ganglion formed 
only by the posterior root. The two roots make, 
afterwards, but one nerve ; and, like the encepha- 
lic nerves, proceed to their destination, subdi- 
viding into rami and ramusculi, until they aro 
finally lost in in the texture of the organs. The 
trunks first formed are commonly round, and 
proceed alone, or accompany the great vessels, 
being placed in the areolar spaces which separate 
the organs, and are thus protected from injury. 
Their manner of termination we are not acquainted 
with ; whether the nervous pulp, for instance, be 
distributed or lost in a membrane, as seems to be 
the case with the nerves of sight, hearing, and 
smell, - or are looped. Certain it is, that there 
is considerable difference in the organs, as re- 
spects the quantity of nerves that terminate in 
them ; and the particular arrangement of the ner- 
vous extremities. Some organs have numerous 
nerves; others seem to have none : a circumstance 
which influences considerably the sensibility of 
parts. 
The Encephalic Nerves arise from the ence- 
phalon, or are inserted into it; (according as we 
consider the brain the origin or termination of the 
nerves;) and make their exit by foramina at the 
base of the skull. They are 12 in number. The 
spinal nerves are 30 in number, 8 cervical, 12 
dorsal, 5 lumbar, and 5 or 6 sacral: the four in- 
ferior cervical being much larger than the supe- 
rior, because they furnish the nerves of the upper 
extremities. NERVES 
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NERVES. 
593 
NERVES 
I. Cranial or Encephalic Nerves. 
1. 
Olfactory ....... 1 
Divided into internal, exter- 
nal, and middle branches. 
6. Abducentes I 
(6th pair.) j 
To the rectus externus oculi. 
(1st pair.) j 
which are distributed on the 
1 
1. At its exit from the era- 
2. 
3. 
4. 
Optic ............ ( 
(2d pair.) ( 
Motores Oculorum. 
(3d pair.) 
Pathetici......... 
(4th pair.) 
Schneiderian membrane. 
Terminate in the retina. 
Superior Branch. To the rectus 
superior oculi and levator 
palpebrae superioris. 
Inferior Branch. To the rectus 
internus. rectus inferior and 
lesser oblique muscles; a 
filament which goes to the 
ophthalmic ganglion. 
To the greater oblique muscle 
of the eye. 
Ophthalmic Branch. Divided 
into three branches. 1. The 
lachrymal branch, to the la- 
chrymal gland and upper 
eye-lid. 2. Bromal branch, 
7. Facial 
(Portio dura of the< 
7th pair.) 
8. Auditory ( 
(Portio mollis of the- 
7th pair.) i 
9. Glosso-pharyngeal. i 
(Portion of the 8th. 
pair.) t 
nium, the posterior auricu- 
lar, stylohyoid, and infra- 
mastoid, to the pavilion of 
the ear. the mastoid process, 
the digastricus, and the mus- 
cles attached to the styloid 
process. 
2. Near the parotid gland, the 
temporal, malai-, buccal, su- 
pra-maxillary, and infra- 
maxillary to the whole su- 
perficies of the face. 
To the vestibule, semi circular 
canals, and cochlea. 
To the base of the tongue and 
pharynx. 
'1. IN THE NECK, -a. pha- 
to the forehead and upper 
ryngeal branch to the pha- 
eyelid. 3. Nasal branch, to 
the eyelids, nasal fossa:, and 
rynx; superior laryngeal 
branch to the larvnx, and to 
nose. 
some muscles of the infe- 
Superior Maxillary Branch. 
1. The orbitar branch, to the 
rior hyoid region. Cardiac 
branches to the cardiac 
orbit. 2. The posterior and 
superior dental, to the last 
10. Par Fa gum..... 
(8th pair.) 
plexus. 
2. IN THE CHEST,-the in- 
three molar teeth ami gums. 
3. The anterior dental, to 
ferior laryngeal branch to the 
larynx '.pulmonary branches, 
which form the plexus of 
the incisor, canine, and two 
lesser molares. 4. Infra- 
5. 
1 i<r Trigcminum. , 
the same name: oesophageal 
>5th pair.) 
orbitar, to the upper lip, 
cheek, and nose. 
branches to the (esophagus. 
3 IN THE ABDOMEN - 
Inferior Maxillary Branch. 1. 
Temporal profound branches, 
to the temporal muscle. 2. 
gastric branches to the pa- 
rietes of the stomach: fila- 
ments which go to the neigh- 
Masseterine branch, to the 
bouring plexuses. 
masseter muscle. 3. Buccal. 
[ At its exit from the cranium- 
to the inner surface of the 
cheek. 4. Pterygoid, to the 
internal pterygoid muscle. 
11. Spinal or Acces- 
sory of Willis 
the accessory of the pneumo- 
gastric nene anastomosing 
with this nerve. In the 
5. Lingual, to the mucous 
neck-filaments to the Iras- 
membrane of the tongue 
pezius muscles. 
6. Inferior dental, to the 
Cervicalis descendens, to the 
teeth of the lower jaw, and 
to the lower lip. 7. Auri- 
12. Hypoglossal..... 
(9th pair.) 
muscles of the inferior hyoid 
region, and to the cervical 
cular branch, to the pavilion 
nerves. Filaments to the 
of the ear and forehead. 
muscles of the tongue. 
II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves. 
I. Cervical Nerves. 
t Anterior Branch. Anastomo- 
1st Cervical Pair....! sing par arcade with the 
Cervical Plexus 
des, diga tricus, the integu- 
ments of the neck, &c, 
r Anterior Branches. Assisting 
in the formation of the bra- 
second pair. 
Anterior Branch. A branch 
5th, 5th, and 1th Cer- 
chial plcxui. 
Posterior Branches To the 
1 anastomosing with the first i 
vical Pairs. 
muscles and integuments of 
3d and 4th Cervical 
pair: a branch which 
to the cervical plexus. 
i Anterior Branch. Concurring 
the posterior part of the 
neck and upper part of the 
back. 
Pairs. 
The Posterior Branch 
in the cervical plexus 
of these four pairs ramifies on 
' 1. Thoracic Branches, (2; o 
the anterior and lateral 
the occiput and inut 
seated cervico-occip 
cles of the superficial and deep- 
ital regions. 
'Descending Branches.-1. 
Internal descending, anas- 
tomosing with a branch of 
the hvpoglossiis. 2. Phrenic 
branch, to the diaphragm. 
parts of the chest. 2. Supra- 
scapulnry branch to the mus- 
cles of the posterior scapular 
region. 3. Infra-scapulary 
branches (3.) to the subsca- 
pularis, teres major, teres 
minor, and latissimus dorsi. 
3. External descending bran- 
4. The brachial interna cu- 
ches. dividing into supra- 
taneous, to the integuments 
of the palmar and dorsal 
surfaces of the forearm, near 
clavicular, supra-acromial, 
infra clavicular, and cervi- 
cales profundi, to the mus- 
cles and integuments of the 
Brachial Plexus ....< 
the ulnar margin. 5. The 
br/ichinl external cutaneous, 
Cervical Plexus 
upper part of the chest and 
shoulder, to the trapezius, 
levator scapulae, rhomboid- 
principally to the integu- 
ments of the palmar and 
dorsal surfaces of the fore- 
eus, &c. 
arm. near the tadial margin. 
Ascending Branches. - 1. 
6. The median nerve, to the 
Mastoid, to the posterior 
and lateral part of the head 
forearm, hand, and palmar 
surface of all the fingers. 
and the inner surface of the 
7. The cubital verve, to the 
pavilion of the ear. 2. Au- 
last two fingers. 8. The 
ricular, to the parotid gland 
radial, to the first three. 
and pavilion of the ear. 
9. The axillary, around the 
Superficial Cervical Branches. 
shoulder-joint, and to the 
, (2.) To the platysma myoi- 
neighbouring muscles. NERVES 
594 
NERVES 
II. Spinal or Vertebral Nerves.- Continued. 
2. Dorsal Nerves. (Nervi dorsales.} 
and an inferior, to the skin 
1st Dorsal Pair. I 
Anterior Branch. To the bra- 
of the thigh. 2. A genito- 
crural branch to the integu* 
chial plexus. 
merits of the scrotum, the 
2d and 3d Dorsal I 
Anterior Branches. An inter- 
groin, and the thigh. 3. The 
Pairs. ) 
costal and brachial branch. 
cruraZ nerve, to the integu- 
f Anterior Branches Internal 
Lumbar Plexus .. 
merits and muscles of the 
branches, to the intercostals, 
thigh, skin ot the leg. and 
triangularis sterni, pecto- 
foot. 4. The obturator nerve, 
4th, 5th, 6th, and ~thj 
ralis major, and to the skin. 
to the muscles at the inner 
External branches to the 
part of the thigh. 5. The 
Dorsal Pairs ' 
integuments of the chest, the 
lumbo sacral, to the sciatic 
obliquus externus abdorni- 
plexus. It gives off the glu- 
nis, and the skin of the ab 
teal nerve to the glutiei 
domett. 
1 muscles. 
Anterior Branches. Internal 
branches, to the transver- 
Sacral Jxerves. 
8th, Oth, 10th, and 
lltA Dorsal Pairs.' 
salis, obliquus internus, and 
rectus muscles, and to the 
skin of the abdomen. Ex- 
ternal branches, to the in- 
1st, 2d, 3<Z, and 
Sacral Pairs.. 
4th,\ 
Anterior Branches. They form 
by their union the sciatic 
plexus. 
teguments of the chest, and 
Anterior Branches. To the 
to the muscles and skin of 
5th and Sth Pairs ... 
parts in the vicinity of the 
the abdomen. 
coccyx. 
Anterior Branch. To the first 
The Posterior Branches ramify on the muscles and 
lumbar nerve, and to the 
integuments of the 
nates. 
12th Dorsal Pair .. .< 
muscles and skin of the ab 
1. Hemorrhoidal nerves, to the 
domen as far as the iliac 
rectum. 2. Eesical, to the 
crest. 
bladder. 3. Uterine and va- 
The Posterior Branches of the dorsal nerves are dis- 
ginal, to the vagina and 
tributed to the muscles and integuments of the 
uterus. 4. Inferior gluteal, 
back and loins. 
to the gluteal muscles, peri 
nteutn, and integuments of 
3. Lumbar Nerves. 
the posterior part of the 
Isi, 2 J, 3rf. and 
Lumbar Pairs .... 
Anterior Branches. Concur- 
thigh. 5. Pudic, to the pe- 
' ring to form the lumbar 
' plexus. 
rime.um, penis, or vulva, 6. 
Sciatic, divided into the ex- 
ternal poplitatal, which rami- 
fies on the integuments and 
Sti Pair............ 
Anterior Branch. Aiding in 
forming the sciatic plexus. 
muscles of the external side 
The Posterior Branches of the lumbar nerves are 
of the leg, on the dorsum of 
distributed to the loins, sacrum, and nates. 
the foot, and the dorsal sur- 
f I. Musculo-cutaneous Branches, 
face of the toes; and into 
1 to the number of three. One 
the internal popliteal, distri- 
1 superior, to the muscles of 
bated on the dorsal surface 
Lumbar Plexus 
the abdomen, to the fold of 
of the two last toes, to the 
the groin, and the scrotum: 
muscles of the foot, and on 
| a middle, to the integuments 
the plantar surface of all 
k and muscles of the abdomen : 
the toes. 
Classifications of the nerves have been recom- 
mended according to their uses, in preference to 
the ordinary anatomical arrangement. It has 
been remarked that the encephalic nerves have 
generally one root; the spinal two. Now, ex- 
periments and pathological facts have proved, 
that the anterior fasciculus of the narrow and the 
anterior roots of the spinal nerves are inservient 
to volition or voluntary motion: and that the 
posterior fasciculus and roots are destined for 
sensibility. Hence the spinal nerves, which have 
two roots, must be the conductors both of motion 
and feeling; whilst the encephalic, which, with 
but few exceptions, have but one, can possess but 
one of these properties :-they must be either sen- 
sitive or motive, according as they arise from the 
posterior or anterior fasciculus of the medulla: 
and, consequently, three classes of nerves may be 
distinguished. 
longata is composed of three fasciculi on each 
side; an anterior, a middle, and a posterior. 
Whilst the anterior and posterior fasciculi pro- 
duce the nerves of motion and sensation respec- 
tively ; the middle, according to Sir Charles, 
gives rise to a third set of nerves-the respira- 
tory. To this order belong:- 
1. The accessory nerve of Willis, or superior 
respiratory. •' 
2. The par vagum. 
3. The glosso-pharyngeal. 
4. The facial or respiratory of the face. 
5. The phrenic. 
6. A nerve which has the same origin as the 
phrenic;-the external respiratory. 
When a horse has been hard-ridden, every one 
of these nerves is in action. 
This division is now, however, generally aban- 
doned, and there does not seem to be a third 
column, especially destined for respiration. 
Sir C. Bell, again, has reduced the system of 
nerves to two great classes. 1. Those that are 
regular, primitive, symmetrical, and common to 
all animals, from the worm to man; which have 
double roots, and preside over sensibility and 
motion: and, 2. The irregular or superadded, 
which are added to the preceding, in proportion 
as the organization of animals offers new or more 
complicated organs. To the first class belong all 
the spinal nerves and one encephalic-the 5th 
1. Sensory 
Arising, by a single root, 
from the posterior fascicu- 
lus of the medulla oblon- 
gata or spinal marrow. 
Arising, by a single root, 
from the anterior fascicu- 
lus of the same parts. 
2. Motor 
Which have two roots : one 
from the anterior, and one 
from the posterior fascicu- 
lus. 
f. Sensory and 
Motor 
According to Sir Charles Bell, the medulla ob- NERVES 
pair;-to the second, the rest of the nervous 
system. 
Dr. Marshall Hall has proposed a division of 
the nervous system, which is calculated to ex- 
plain many of the anomalous circumstances we 
so frequently witness. He proposes to divide all 
the nerves into, 1. The cerebral or the sentient 
and voluntary. 2. The true spinal or excito-mo- 
tory. 3. The ganglionic or cyclo-ganglionic,- 
the nutrient and secretory. If the sentient and 
voluntary functions be destroyed by a blow upon 
the head, the sphincter muscles will still contract 
when irritated, because the irritation is conveyed 
to the spine, and the reflex action takes place to 
the muscle so as to throw it into contraction. But 
if the spinal marrow be now destroyed, the 
sphincters remain entirely motionless, because 
the centre of the system is destroyed. Dr. Hall 
thinks that a peculiar set of nerves constitutes, 
with the true spinal marrow as their axis, the 
second subdivision of the nervous system; and 
as those of the first subdivision are distinguished 
into sentient and voluntary, these may be distin- 
guished into the excitor and motory. The first, 
or the excitor nerves, pursue their course princi- 
pally from internal surfaces, characterized by pe- 
culiar excitabilities, to the true medulla oblongata 
and medulla spinalis; the second, or the motor 
nerves, pursue a reflex course from the medulla 
to the muscles, having peculiar actions concerned 
595 
NERVES 
principally in ingestion and egestion. The mo- 
tions connected with the first or cerebral subdi- 
vision are sometimes, indeed frequently, sponta- 
neous ; those connected with the true spinal are, 
he believes, always excited. Dr. Hall thinks, too, 
that there is good reason for viewing the fifth, 
and posterior spinal nerves as constituting an 
external ganglionic system for the nutrition of 
the external organs; and he proposes to divide 
the ganglionic subdivision of the nervous system 
into, 1. The internal ganglionic, which includes 
that usually denominated the sympathetic, and 
probably filaments of the pneumogastric; and, 
2. The external ganglionic, embracing the fifth 
and posterior spinal nerves. To the cerebral sys- 
tem he assigns all diseases of sensation, percep- 
tion, judgment, and volition - therefore all pain- 
ful, mental, and comatose, and some paralytic 
diseases. To the true spinal, excito-motory, 
reflex, or diastaltic nervous system, belong all 
spasmodic and certain paralytic diseases. He 
properly adds, that these two parts of the ner- 
vous system influence each other both in health 
and disease, as they both influence the ganglio- 
nic system. 
The main views of Dr. Hall on the excito-mo- 
tory function have been generally embraced. 
The following tabular view of the arrangement 
and connexions of the nerves and nervous centres 
is given by Dr. Carpenter. 
Tabular View of the Nervous Centres. 
Afferent fibres derived 
from Sensory Ganglia; ef- 
ferent fibres transmitted 
to motor centres. 
Cerebral Ganglia, 
the seat of the formation of Ideas, and the instrument 
of the Reasoning processes and Will; participating also 
with the Sensory Ganglia in the formation of the Emo- 
tions; and thus the original source of Voluntary and 
, Emotional movements. 
Afferent fibres derived 
from Sensory Ganglia; ef- 
ferent fibres transmitted 
to motor centres. 
Afferent fibres derived 
from posterior column of 
spinal cord; efferent fibres 
transmitted into posterior 
column. 
Cerebellic Ganglia, 
for harmonization of muscular actions; including also 
the ganglionic centre of the sexual sense (?). 
P Afferent fibres derived 
from posterior column of 
spinal cord; efferent fibres 
transmitted into motor 
[. column. 
Cranio-Spinal Axis, 
or centre of 
Automatic actions; 
including- 
Radiating fibres to Cere- 
bral Ganglia;-Nerves of 
Common and Special Sen- 
sation;- Motor nerves 
forming part of general 
motor system. 
Sensory Ganglia, 
the seat of Sensation, and centre of Conse.nsual (or In- 
stinctive) movements, or of Automatic actions involving 
sensation. 
Radiating fibres to Cere- 
bral Ganglia;-Nenes of 
Common and Special Sen- 
sation;- Motor nerves 
forming part of general 
motor system. 
Fibrous strands, con- 
necting the Spinal Cord 
and Sensory Ganglia. 
Respiratory 
and 
Stomato-Gastrio 
Ganglia, 
forming the true 
centres of the 
Medulla ObUmgata; 
instruments of Reflex 
movements or automa- 
tic actions independent of 
sensation. 
Fibrous strands, con- 
necting the Spinal Cord 
and Sensory Ganglia. 
Afferent 
and motor 
nerves of 
Respiration, 
Deglutition, &c. 
Afferent 
and motor 
nerves of 
Respiration, 
Deglutition, Ac. 
Fibrous strands, connect- 
ing different segments 
with each other; and with 
Medulla Oblongata and 
Sensory Ganglia. 
Spinal 
Ganglion, or 
True. Spinal Cord, 
consisting of a 
coalesced series of 
segmental ganglia, 
the instru- 
ments of Reflex 
operations, or Au- 
tomatic actions in- 
dependent of Sensa- 
tion. 
Fibrous strands, connect- 
ing different segments 
■with each other; and with 
Medulla Oblongata and 
Sensory Ganglia. 
Afferent 
and motor 
fibres, forming 
Trunks of 
Spinal Nerves. 
Afferent 
and motor 
fibres, forming 
Trunks of 
Spinal Nerves. NERVES 
The nerves are covered and united to the 
neighbouring parts by an abundant layer of fatty 
areolar texture, which sends, inwards, prolonga- 
tions that separate the nervous cords and fila- 
ments from each other. The arterial trunks, 
which furnish them, transmit branches into their 
interior. The veins follow the same course as 
the arteries. Absorbents are not easily traced 
even on the greatest trunks. 
Nerve, Accessory, of Willis, Spinal nerve 
- n. Articular, Axillary nerve - n. Buccinator, 
Buccal nerve-n. Cells, see Neurine-n. Femoral 
cutaneous, see Genito-crural nerve-n. Femoro- 
popliteal, lesser, Sciatic nerve, lesser. 
Nerve Fibres, Fila ner'vea, Tu'buli ner'vei, 
Fibres ner'vece. The minute fibrils or tubules, 
full of nervous matter, that constitute the nerves. 
There is a difference between the central and pe- 
ripheral portion :-the former has been called the 
axis cylinder and primitive band ; the latter, the 
medullary or white substance of Schwann,-being 
that to which the peculiarly white aspect of ce- 
rebrospinal nerves is principally due. 
Nerve, Genital, see Genito-crural nerve-n. 
Genito-crural, see Genito-crural nerve - n. Glu- 
teal of the Sacral plexus, Sciatic nerve, lesser- 
n. Gustatory, Hypoglossal nerve - n. Inguinal, 
internal, Genito-crural nerve - n. of Jacobson, 
see Petrosal ganglion-n. Lateral nasal, Spheno- 
palatine nerve-n. Lingual, Hypoglossal nerve- 
n. Naso-ocularis, Nasal nerve - n. Naso-palpe- 
bral, Nasal nerve-n. Orbito-frontal, Ophthalmic 
nerve - n. Ocular, Optic nerve - n. of Organic 
life, Trisplanchnic nerve - n. Palpebro-frontal, 
Frontal nerve - n. Popliteal internal, Tibial 
nerve, posterior-n. Power, Nervous power-n. 
Respiratory, of the face, Facial nerve-n. Respi- 
ratory, superior, Spinal nerve-n. Seapulo-hu- 
meral, Axillary nerve - n. Scrotal, see Genito- 
crural nerve-n. Spiral, Radial nerve-n. Spiral, 
muscular, Radial nerve - n. Sub-occipital, Occi- 
pital nerve-n. Sub-pubian, Genito-crural nerve 
- n. Superficial temporal, Auricular nerve - n. 
Sympathetic, Trisplanchnic nerve-n. Temporal 
cutaneous, Auricular nerve - n. Ulnar, Cubital 
nerve-n. Vidian, Pterygoid nerve-n. of Wris- 
berg, see Cutaneous nerves-n. Zygomato-auri- 
cular, Auricular nerve. 
NERVES, COSTAL, Intercostal nerves - n. 
Dorsal, Intercostal nerves - n. Eighth pair of, 
Pneumogastric-n. Encephalic, first pair, Olfac- 
tory nerves-n. Encephalic, eleventh pair, Spinal 
nerves-n. Ethmoidal, Olfactory nerves-n. Fifth 
pair, Trigemini - n. Fourth pair of, Patheticus 
nervus - n. Infra-orbitar, Sub-orbitar nerves-n. 
Ninth pair of, Hypoglossal nerve-n. Oculo-mus- 
cular, common, Motores oculorum - n. Phrenic, 
Diaphragmatic nerves-n. Recurrent, Laryngeal 
inferior nerves-n. Sixth pair of, Motor oculi ex- 
ternus - n. Spinal, Vertebral nerves - n. Tenth 
pair of, Pneumogastric - n. Third pair of, Moto- 
res oculorum. 
NERVI ACROMIALES, Acromial nerves - 
n. Anonymi, Innominati nervi-n. Clavieulares, 
Clavicular nerves-n. Cutanei clunium inferiores, 
see Sciatic nerve, lesser - n. Divisi, Trigemini - 
n. Entobaenontes, Afferent nerves-n. Gustatorii, 
Trigemini. 
Nervi Molles. ' Soft nerves.' The anterior 
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
great sympathetic, which accompany the carotid 
artery and its branches, around which they form 
intricate plexuses, and, here and there, small 
ganglia. They are called molles from their soft- 
ness, and subru'fi, from their reddish hue. 
Nervi Odoratorii, Olfactory nerves - n. Re- 
versivi, Laryngeal inferior nerves - n. Subrufi, 
Nervi molles-n. Vulneratio, Neurotrosis. 
596 
NERVUS 
NERVINE, Nervi'nus, Neurot'ic, Ncurit'ic, 
Antineurotic, Antineuropath'ic. A medicine 
which acts on the nervous system. 
NERVOUS, Nervo'sus, Neuro'dee, Ner'reus, 
Neu'ricus. Relating or belonging to the nerves. 
Strong. Also, weak, irritable. 
Nervous Attack, (F.) Attaque des nerfs, is an 
affection accompanied with spasm, pain, and dif- 
ferent nervous symptoms, to which impressible 
individuals are liable. 
Nervous Centres, see Centres, nervous. 
Nervous Diath'esis is termed Atmr'ui spiri- 
tuum, Anoma'lia nervo'rum, Status nervo'sus, S. 
erethit'icus, Diath'esis nervo'sa, Constitu'tio ner- 
vo'sa, Nervousness. Medically, nervousness means 
unusual impressibility of the nervous system. 
Formerly, it signified strength, force, and vigour. 
Recently, it has been applied to a hypochondri- 
acal condition verging upon insanity, occasion- 
ally occurring in those in whom the brain has 
been unduly tasked;-a condition termed by some 
cerebrop' athy ; by others, brain-fag. 
Nervous Diseases, Morbi nervo'si, (F.) Ma- 
ladies nerveuses. Affections seated in the ner- 
vous system. To purely functional disease of 
the nerves, Dr. Laycock has given the name 
neurce'mia, and to the class of diseases he applies 
the epithet neura'mic. 
Nervous Fluid, Nervous principle, Flu'idum 
ner'veum, Liq'uidum nerveum, Succus nerveus, 
Spir'itus vita'lis. The fluid which is supposed 
to circulate through the nerves, and which has 
been regarded as the agent of sensation and mo- 
tion. Of this fluid we know nothing, except that 
it resembles, in many respects, the electric or 
galvanic. It was formerly called Animal spirits, 
Spir'itus anima'les, (F.) Esprits animaux. 
Nervous Pain, Neuralgia. 
Nervous Power, Nerve power, Vis nervo'sa 
seu nervo'rum, Neurodyna'tnia, Neurody'namis. 
The power of the nerves as exhibited in the liv- 
ing organism. 
Nervous Principle, N. fluid. 
Nervous System. The nerves of the human 
body considered collectively. See Nerves. 
Nervous System of the Automatic Func- 
tions, Trisplanchnic nerve - n. System, gangli- 
onic, see Trisplanchnic nerve - n. System, or- 
ganic, see Trisplanchnic nerve-n. System of the 
senses, Medulla oblongata-n. System of volun- 
tary motion, <tc., Medulla spinalis. 
NERVOUSNESS, Nervous diathesis. 
NERVUS, see Nerve, Penis-n. Ambulatorius, 
Pneuinogastric nerve - n. Anonymus, Trigemini 
n. Caroticus, Carotid nerve - n. Cervico-facialis, 
Cervico-facial nerve - n. Communicans faciei, 
Facial nerve - n. Cutaneus internus, see Saphe- 
nous nerves - n. Cutaneus internus longus, see 
Saphenous nerves-n. Decimus, Pneumogas trie- 
n. Genito-cruralis, Cenito-crural nerve. 
Nervus Impar. A prolongation of the neuri- 
lemma below the lower extremity of the spinal 
cord, as a fibrous filament, which is inserted into 
the base of the coccyx. It was formerly regarded 
as a nerve :-hence its name. 
Nervus Incisivus, Incisive nerve - n. Inno- 
minatus Trigemini-n. Ischiadicus, Sciatic nerve 
-n. Juvenilis, menis-n. Latus, AchiHis tendo- 
n. Lingualis lateralis, Pharyngo-glossal nerve - 
n. Lingualis Pedius, Hypoglossal nerve - n 
Lutnbo-inguinalis, Genito-crural nerve - n. Mix. 
tus, Trigemini - n. Musculi pterygoidei, Ptery. 
goid nerve - n. Naso-ciliaris, Nasal nerve - n 
Opticus, Optic nerve-n. Pneumogastricus, Pneu- 
mogastric- n. Pudendus externus, see Genito- 
crural nerve-n. Quintus, Trigemini-n. Sperma- 
ticus, see Genito-crural nerve - n. Subcutanous NESTIA 
malae, Orbitar nerve - n. Sympatheticus medius, 
Trigemini, Pneumogastric - n. Sympatheticus 
minor, Facial fierve- n. Sympathicus medius, 
Trigemini - n. Temporo-facialis, Temporo-facial 
nerve-n. Timidus, Motor oculi externus-n. Tre- 
mellus, Trigemini - n. Trochlearis, Patheticus 
nervus-n. Vagus cum accessorio, Spinal nerve. 
NESTIA, Jejunum. 
NESTIATRIA, Limotherapeia. 
NESTIS, Jejunum. 
NESTITHERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
NESTOTIIERAPEIA, Limotherapeia. 
NESTROOT, Monotropa uniflora. 
NETLEAF, Goodyera pubeseens. 
NETTLE, ARCHANGEL, WHITE, Lamium 
album - n. Dead, Lamium album, L. amplexi- 
eaule-n. Dwarf, Urtica urens-n. Hedge, Gale- 
opsis- n. Pill-bearing, Urticaria pilulifera - n. 
Rash, Urticaria-n. Stinging, common, Urtica. 
NETWORT, Goodyera pubeseens. 
NEURADYNAMIA, Neurasthenia. 
NEURASMIA, see Nervous diseases. 
NEURASMIC, see Nervous diseases. 
NEURAL; from vtvpov, 'a nerve.' Relating 
to a nerve or to the nervous system. 
Neural Arch. The arch formed by the pos- 
terior projections connected with the body of the 
vertebra, which protect the medulla. 
Neural Axis, see Encephalon - n. Spines, 
Spinous processes. 
NEURAL'GIA, from vevpov, 'a nerve,* and 
aXyos, 1 pain.' Rheumatis'mus spu'rius nervo'sus, 
Neurodyn'ia, (F.) Nivralgie, Nevrodynie, Ner- 
vous pain. A generic name for a certain number 
of diseases, the chief symptom of which is a very 
acute pain, exacerbating or intermitting, which 
follows the course of a nervous branch, extends 
to its ramifications, and seems, therefore, to be 
seated in the nerve. The principal neuralgias 
have been distinguished by the names facial (of 
which the infra-orbitar, maxillary, and frontal 
are but divisions)-the ilio-scrotal, femoro-popli- 
teal, femoro-pretibial, plantar, and cubito-diyital. 
A division of anomalous neuralgise has likewise 
been admitted. 
All varieties of neuralgia are obstinate, and the 
greatest diversity of means has been made use 
of: - bleeding, general and local,-emetics, pur- 
gatives, rubefacients, vesicants, actual cautery, 
narcotics, mercurial frictions, electricity; de- 
struction of a portion of the nerve, <fcc. The 
most successful remedy, perhaps, is the carbo- 
nate of iron, given in doses of some magnitude; 
as, for instance, Jss or 9'j» twice or thrice a day, 
in molasses. This plan of treatment, continued 
for a month or two, will generally relieve, and 
ultimately remove this much dreaded affection. 
The mode in which it acts is by no means clear; 
but it is almost as certain as any other remedy 
used in disease in producing its salutary effects. 
The bowels must be kept free; and all inflam- 
matory symptoms removed during its adminis- 
tration. 
Neural'gia, Anom'alous. Under this name 
Chaussier has included different neuroses, some 
of which are characterized by acute pains circum- 
scribed within a short compass, or extending by 
irradiations, but not having their seat in the 
course of a nerve; and others which are occa- 
sioned by tumours in the course of a nerve, or 
which succeed contusions or incomplete divisions 
of nerves. 
Neuralgia Brachialis, Brachialgia-n. Bra- 
chio-thoraciea, Angina pectoris - n. Cruralis, N. 
femoro-tibialis. 
Neuralgia Cu'bito-digitalis, Is'chias ner- 
vo'sa digita'lis. In this variety the pain extends 
597 
NEURALGIA 
from the part where the nerve passes under the 
inner condyle to the back of the hand and to its 
cubital edge. 
Neuralgia Dentalis, Odontalgia nervosa. 
Neuralgia, Fa'cial, Neuralgia fa'ciei, Tris- 
mus maxilla'ris, T. Dolorif'icus, Opsial'gia. Do- 
lor cru'cians faciei, Hemicra'nia idiopath'ica, 
Autal'gia doloro'sa, Tic douloureux, Dolor faciei, 
Dolor faciei typ'ico charade're, D. F. Fothergilli, 
Trismus clon'icus, T. dolorif'icus, Rheumatis' mus 
cancro'sus, Rhematis'mus larva'tus, Prosopal'gia, 
Prosopodyn'ia, Dolor faciei period'icus, Fibris 
top'ica, Ophthalmodyn'ia period'ica, Tortu'ra 
Oris, Affectus spasmodico-convulsi' vus Labio' rum, 
is characterized by acute lancinating pains, re- 
turning at intervals; and by twinges in certain 
parts of the face, producing convulsive twitches 
in the corresponding muscles. It may be seated 
in the frontal nerve, in the infra-orbitar, or in the 
maxillary branch of the fifth pair. 
Metopodyn'ia, Brow-ague, Neural'gia fronta'- 
lis, Ophthalmodyn'ia, Tic douloureux, Dolor pe- 
riod'icus, Ac., commences at the superciliary fora- 
men and extends along the ramifications of the 
frontal nerve that are distributed on the forehead, 
upper eyelid, caruncula lacrymalis, and nasal 
angle of the eyelids. Sometimes it is felt parti- 
cularly in the orbit. 
Neuralgia inf ra-orbita'ria, Dolor faciei atrox, 
Rheumatis'mus cancro'sus, Trismus clon'icus, Pro- 
sopal'gia, Febris top'ica, Odontalgia remit'tens 
et intermit'tens, Hemicra'nia sceva, Infra-orbitar 
neuralgia, Tic douloureux, is chiefly felt in the 
infra-orbitar foramen, whence it passes to the 
cheek, upper lip, ala nasi, lower eyelid, Ac. 
In Neuralgia maxilla'ris, Gnathal'gia, Gnatho- 
neural'gia, Tic douloureux, Trismus catarrha'lis 
maxillaris, the pain usually sets out from the 
mental foramen and passes to the chin, lips, tem- 
ple, teeth, and tongue. 
Neuralgia, False. A term assigned to pains 
along a nerve or its ramifications, produced by 
some body compressing it,-those pains termina- 
ting with the removal of the compressing cause. 
Neuralgia Fem'oro-poplitje'a, Sciat'ica, 
Schias, Malum ischiad'icum, Morbus ischiad'icus, 
Passio ischiad'ica, Ischiagra, Ischial'gia, Ischio'- 
sis, Coxal'gia, Neural'gia Ischiadica, Dolor Is- 
chiad'icus nervo'sus, Is'chias nervo'sa Cotugnii 
vel Cotunnii, Neurisch'ias, Ischias nervo'sa pos- 
ti'ca, Is'chias, Cox'agra, Ischias rheumat'icum, 
Ischiat'ica, Ischoneural'gia, (F.) Sciatique, Goutte 
sciatique. This is characterized by pain follow- 
ing the great sciatic nerve from the ischiatio 
notch to the ham, and along the peroneal surface 
of the leg to the sole of the foot. 
Neuralgia Fem'oro-pr.etibia'lis, N. crural, 
Ischias nervo'sa anti'ca, Scelal'gia anti'ca. In 
this, the pain, setting out from the groin, spreads 
along the fore part of the thigh, and passes down, 
chiefly, on the inner side of the leg, to the inner 
ankle and back of the foot. 
Neuralgia of the Heart, Angina pectoris- 
n. Hepatica, Hepatalgia. 
Neuralgia Ilio-Scrotal has been rarely ob- 
served. It is characterized by a very acute pain, 
in the course of the branches of the first lumbar 
pair; this pain follows the crista ilii and accom- 
panies the spermatic vessels to the testicle, which 
is often painfully retracted. 
Neuralgia, Lead, see Lead rheumatism - n. 
Lienis, Splenalgia. 
Neural'gia Mamma:, Ir'ritable breast. An ex- 
ceedingly painful affection of the female mamma, 
unaccompanied by inflammation. 
Neuralgia Planta'ris. This is rare; and 
the pain is confined to the course of the plantar 
nerves. NEURASTHENIA 
Neuralgia Renum, Nephralgia - n. Spinalis, 
Spinal irritation-n. Testis, Orchidalgia. 
NEURASTHENI'A, Nevvradyna'mia, DebiV- 
itas nervo'sa. Debility or impaired activity of 
the nerves; from vevpov, ' a nerve/ and aaSeveia, 
'debility.'-See Irritable. 
NEURICUS, Nervous. 
NEURILEMM'A, Neurile'ma, Neurily'ma, 
Neu'rymen, Perineu'rion, FIs'tula seu Tu'bulus 
sen Cap'sula seu Involu'crum. nervo'rum, Mem- 
bra'na seu Membran'ula seu Tu'nica seu Indu- 
men'tum nervo'rum, Vagi'na nervo'rum; (F.) 
Nevrilemme; from vevpov, 'a nerve/ and \eppa, 
' a coat.' The fine transparent, and apparently 
fibrous membrane that surrounds the nerves - to 
every filament of which it forms a true canal. 
NEURILEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
NEURILEMMI'TIS, Neurilemmati'tis, Neu- 
rolemmati'tis, Neurili'tis, (F.) Nevrilemmite. 
Same etymon. Inflammation of the neurilemma. 
NEURILITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
NEURILYMA, Neurilemma. 
NEURINE, Medull'a nervo'rum, (F.) Nevrine. 
The substance of which the nervous system is 
composed. It consists chiefly of albumen and a 
peculiar fatty matter, associated with phosphorus. 
There are two kinds of neurine-the one vesicu- 
lar or consisting essentially of nerve vesicles or 
nerve cells or corpuscles, or, as they are some- 
times called, from their prevailing in the ganglia 
-ganglion corpuscles and ganglion globules; the 
other, the tubular; formed-as the word imports 
- of tubules. The former is the cineritious or 
cortical nervous matter of the older anatomists;- 
the latter, the white or medullary. The vesicular 
neurine appears to be concerned in the produc- 
tion and distribution of nerve-power; the tubular, 
in its conduction. 
NEURISCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplittea. 
NEURITIC, Nervine. 
NEURI'TIS, Inflamma'tio nervo'rum, Neuro- 
phlogo' sis, Neurophleg'mone, (F.) Inflammation 
des Nerfs, Nevrite, from vevpov, 'a nerve/ and 
itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. Inflamma- 
tion of a nervo. 
NEUROBLACI'A, from vevpov, 'a nerve/ and 
Phaseia, ' stupor.' Insensibility of the nerves. 
NEUROCIIONDRO'DES, from vevpov, 'a si- 
new/ 'a cartilage/ and edos, 'resem- 
blance.' A hard substance between a sinew and 
a cartilage. 
NEURODES, Nervous. 
NEURODYNAMIA, Nervous power. 
NEURODYNAMIS, Nervous power. 
NEURODYNIA, Neuralgia. 
NEUROGAMIA, Magnetism, animal. 
NEUROG'RAPHY, Neurograph'ia; from vev- 
pov, ' a nerve/ and ypaipr), ' a description.' The 
part of anatomy which describes the nerves. 
NEURO-HYPNOTISM, see Magnetism, ani- 
mal. 
NEUROLEMMATITIS, Neurilemmitis. 
NEUROL'OGY, Neurolog"ia, (F.) Ntvrologie, 
from vevpov, 'a nerve/ and Aoyoj, 'a discourse.' 
That part of anatomy which treats of the nerves. 
NEURO'MA, (F.) Nevrtime, from vevpov, 'a 
nerve.' A morbid enlargement of a nerve. Ap- 
plied to subcutaneous, circumscribed, and highly 
painful tumours formed on the tissue of the 
nerves : and likewise to small, hard, grayish tu- 
mours of the size of a pea, which are observed in 
the course of nerves, and appear to be formed 
from the neurilemma. 
NEUROMALA'CIA; from vevpov, 'a nerve/ 
and uaXaria, 'softening.' Softening of nerves. 
NEUROMETRES, Psoae. 
598 
NEVRINE 
NEUROMYELI'TIS, from vcvpov, 'a nerve,' 
pviAof, 'marrow,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the medullary matter of the 
nerves. 
NEURON, see Nerve. 
NEURON'OSOS, Neuronu'sos, from vcvpov, 'a 
nerve,'and vooos, ' a disease.' A disease of the 
nerves. 
NEURONYG'ME, Neuronyg'rmts, Neuronyx'is, 
from vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and wypn, 'puncture/ 
Punc'tio nervi. Puncture of a nerve. 
NEUROPATH'IC, Neuropath'icus, from vcvpov, 
'a nerve,' and raOos, 'a disease.' Belonging to 
disease of the nerves, to Neuropatki'a or Neu- 
ron'osos. 
NEUROPHLEGMONE, Neuritis. 
NEUROPIILOGOSIS, Neuritis. 
NEUROPLAS'TY, Neuroplas'tice, (F.) Niv- 
roplastie, from vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and rXaannog, 
' forming.' M. Serres applies this term to a gan- 
glionary alteration of the peripheral nerves. 
NEUROPYRA, Fever, nervous, Typhus mitior. 
NEUROPYRETUS, Fever, nervous, Typhus 
mitior. 
NEURO'SES, (F.) Neuroses, from vtvpov, 'a 
nerve.' A generic name for diseases supposed 
to have their seat in the nervous system, and 
which are indicated by disordered sensation, vo- 
lition, or mental manifestation; without any evi- 
dent lesion in the structure of the parts, an fl 
without any material agent producing them. 
Such is the usual definition. Broussais attributes 
them to a state of irritation of the brain and spi- 
nal marrow. 
NEURO-SKELETON, see Skeleton. 
NEUROSPASMI, see Spasm. 
NEUROSTHENI'A, (F.) Nevrosthfnie, from 
vcvpov, 'a nerve,' and adevtia, 'strength.' Excess 
of nervous irritation. Nervous irritation. 
NEUROTIIELIC APPARATUS, Corpus pa- 
pill are. 
NEUROTIC, Nervine. 
NEUROT'ICA. Diseases of the nervous func- 
tion. The 4th class of Good's Nosology. 
NEU'ROTOME, Neurot'omus; from vcvpov, 
'a nerve,' and rtpvu, 'I cut,' 'I dissect.' An 
instrument used by anatomists to dissect the 
nerves. It is a long and very narrow scalpel, 
having two edges. 
NEUROT'OMY, Neurotom'ia, (F.) Ntvrotomie. 
Same etymon. Dissection of the nerves. Also, 
an incised wound of a nerve. 
NEUROTPtO'SIS, Neurotros'mus, from vcvpov, 
'a nerve,' and rpuiois, 'wounding.' Nervi vulne- 
ra'tio. Wound or wounding of a nerve. 
NEUROTROSMUS, Neurotrosis. 
NEURYMEN, Neurilemma. 
NEUTA, Neutha. A membrane, according to 
Paracelsus, which covers the eyes and ears of the 
foetus in utero. 
NEUTRAL, from neuter, 'neither.' Belonging 
to neither in particular. 
Neutral Salts, Sec'ondary salts, (F.) Seis 
neutres. Salts, composed of two primitive saline 
substances, combined together, and not possess- 
ing the characters of acid or of base. 
NEVIS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Thermal 
springs in the department of Allier, France. 
Temperature, 136° to 148° Fahrenheit. 
NEVRALGTE, Neuralgia-n. du Foie, Hepa- 
talgia-n. des Reins, Nephralgia-n. de I'Uterus, 
Hysteralgia. 
NEVRILEMME, Neurilemma. 
NE VR ILEMMITE, Neurilemmitis. 
NEVRINE, Neurine. nSvrite 
NEVRITE, Neuritis. 
NE VR OD YNIE, Neuralgia. 
NE VR OLO GIE, Neurology. 
NEV ROME, Neuroma. 
NEVROSE DU C(EUR, Angina pectoris. 
NEVROSES, Neuroses. 
NEVROSTHENIE, Neurosthenia. 
NEVROTOME, Neurotome. 
NEVROTOMIE, Neurotomy. 
NEVUS, Naevus. 
NEW JERSEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
In the upper part of Morris county and in the 
county of Hunterdon, near the top of Musconet- 
cong mountain, there are chalybeate springs, 
which are resorted to. See Schooley's Mountain. 
NEW YORK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
The chief waters are those of Ballston, Saratoga, 
and Sharon. 
NEXUS STAMINEUS OCULI, Ciliary body. 
NEZ, Nasus. 
NIANDRIA ANOMALA, Anisodus luridus. 
NICARAGUA WOOD, see Caesalpinia. 
NICE, CLIMATE OF. The climate of Nice 
possesses some advantages over the neighbour- 
ing climates of Provence and Italy, being free 
from the sirocco of the latter, and protected 
from the mistral of the former. Spring is the 
most unfavourable season. The climate is very 
dry. It has been a great winter retreat for the 
consumptive; but does not deserve the enco- 
miums that have been passed upon it. 
NICKAR TREE, Grymnocladus Canadensis. 
NICODE'MI O'LEUM, Oil of Nicode'mus. 
An oil made by digesting, for some time,-in a 
mixture of white wine and olive oil,-old turpen- 
tine, litharge, aloes, saffron, oxyd of zinc, Ac. 
NICOTIANA, N. tabacum-n. Minor, N. rus- 
tica. 
Nicotia'na Rus'tica, called after Nicot, who 
carried it to Europe; N. minor, Priapei'a, Hyos- 
cy'amus lu'teus, English Tobacco. The leaves 
possess the properties of tobacco, but are milder. 
Nicotiana Tab'acum, Nicotia'na, Herba ta- 
baci, Tabacum, Petum, Petun, Hyoscy'amus Pe- 
ruvia'nus, Tobacco, Virgin'ia tobacco, (F.) Tabac, 
Nicotiane. Tobacco is a violent acro-narcotic; 
its properties seeming- to depend upon a peculiar 
principle, Nicotin or Nicotianin. It is narcotic, 
sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, and errhine. 
In incarcerated hernia, it is injected, in the form 
of smoke or infusion, but requires great caution. 
It is extensively and habitually used as an errhine 
and sialogogue. The infusion is used to kill ver- 
min, and in some cutaneous eruptions. 
NICOTIANE, Nicotiana tabacum. 
NICOTIANIN, see Nicotiana tabacum. 
NICOTIN, see Nicotiana tabacum. 
NICTATIO, Hippus, Nictatio. 
NICTA'TION, Nicta'tio, Nictita'tio, from nic- 
tare, ' to wink.' Clonus nictita'tio, Blepharism'us, 
Palpebra'tio, Twinkling of the eye, (F.) Clignote- 
ment, Clignements Ciilement, Souris. A rapid 
and repeated movement of the eyelids, which 
open and shut alternately. As occasionally per- 
formed, it is physiological; if repeatedly, a dis- 
ease. It seems to be executed chiefly by the 
motor 7th pair of nerves ; but it is necessary that 
the excitor 5th pair should likewise be in a state 
of integrity. 
NIDAMENTUM, Decidua. 
NIDOREUX, Nidorous. 
NI'DOROUS, Nidoro'sus, (F.) Nidoreux, from 
Nidor, Cuissa, ' the smell of any thing burnt,' 
Ac. Having the smell of burnt or corrupt animal 
matter. 
NIDUS, Nidus hirundinis. 
599 
NITRAS 
Nidus Hirun'dinis, Nidus, Swallows' Nest, 
A deep fossa in the cerebellum - so called from 
its fancied resemblance-situate between the ve- 
lum medullare posterius in front, and the nodu- 
lus and uvula behind. 
NIEDERBRONN, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Saline waters in the department of Bas-Rhin, 
France, which contain chloride of sodium, sul- 
phate of magnesia, and carbonic acid. 
NIELLE, Nigella. 
NIGELLA, Coptis. 
Nigel'la, N. Sati'va, Melan'thiwn, Cumi'num 
Nigrum, Fennel flower, Nutmeg flower, Devil in 
a bush, (F.) Nigelle, Nielle. This small southern 
European and Syrian plant was formerly used 
medicinally as an expectorant and deobstruent, 
errhine, sialogogue, Ac. 
NIGELLE, Nigella. 
NIGHT-BLINDNESS, Hemeralopia. 
NIGHT EYES, Crusta genu equinae-n. Mare, 
Incubus. 
NIGHTSHADE, AMERICAN, Phytolacca 
deeandra-n. Bittersweet, Solanum dulcamara- 
n. Common, Solanum - n. Deadly, Atropa bella- 
donna- n. Enchanter's, Circaea Lutetiana- n. 
Garden, Solanum - n. Palestine, Solanum sanc- 
tum- n. Stinking, Hyoscyamus niger - n. Vine, 
Solanum dulcamara - n. Woody, Solanum dul- 
camara. 
NIGREDO A SOLE, Ephelides. 
NIGRITA, Negro. 
NIGRITIES, Melanopathia - n. Ossium, Ca- 
ries. 
NIGRITISM, Melanopathia. 
NIGRITUDO, Melanosis-n. Pulmonum, Me- 
lanosis puhnonum. 
NIGROMANTIA, Necromancy. 
NIGROR, Melasma. 
NIGRUM OCULI, Pupil. 
NIHIL ALBUM, Zinci oxydum-n. Griseum, 
Zinci oxydum. 
NILIACUM, Mel. 
NINDSIN, Sium ninsi. 
NINE-DAY FITS, Trismus nascentium. 
NINSI, Sium ninsi. 
NINSING, Panax quinquefolium. 
NINZIN, Sium ninsi. 
NIPPLE, Sax. nypele. The Teat, Tit, Dug, 
Pap, Acromas'tium, Uber, Staph'ylis, StaphyV- 
ium, Dubona, Mammil'la, Mammel'la, Papil'la, 
Thele, Tit'the, Titthos, Tit'thion, Titthis, (F.) 
Mamelon. The conical tubercle, situate at the 
centre of the breast. Towards the central part 
of each breast the skin changes colour, and as- 
sumes a rosy tint in young females, or a reddish 
brown in those who have suckled several chil- 
dren. The circle is called the Areola or Aureola 
of the nipple. The nipple is capable of erection 
on being excited. 
NIPPLEWORT, Lapsana. 
NIRLES, Herpes exedens. 
NISUS, Nixus, Peira, Straining, from Lat. 
nitor, ' to endeavour.' A voluntary retention of 
the breath, so as to force down the diaphragm; 
the abdominal muscles being at the same time 
contracted forcibly. In this manner the contents 
of the abdomen are compressed ; and the evacua- 
tion of the faeces, urine, <tc., is effected. 
Nisus, Effort - n. Formativus, Plastic force. 
Nisus Parturientium. The efforts or forcing 
during parturition. 
NITEDULA, Cicindela. 
NITON, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
springs in the Isle of Wight contain iron, and 
sulphate of alumina, and potassa. 
NITRAS KALICUM, Potassae nitras-n. Lix- 
iviae, Potassae nitras-n. Natricum, Soda, nitrate 
of-n. Plumbicus, Plumbi nitras - n. Potassa NITRATE 
cum sulphurs fusus, Potass® nitras fusus sul- 
phatis paucillo mixtus - n. Sub-bismuthicum, 
Bismuth, sub-nitrate of. 
NI'TRATE, Nitras. A salt, formed of a base 
and nitric acid. Several nitrates are employed 
in medicine. 
NITRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammonite 
nitras - n. D'Argent, Argenti nitras. 
NITRE, Potassae nitras - n. Cubic, Soda, ni- 
trate of. 
NITRIC ACID, Aeidum ni'tricum, A. azo'ti- 
cum, A. sep'ticum, A. nitri, Aqua fortis, Nitrous 
acid, Spir'itus nitri duplex, Sp. nitri fumans, Sp. 
nitri Glaube'ri, Azot'ic acid, Dephlogisticated 
nitrous acid, Oxysepton'ic acid, Spir'itus nitri 
ac"idus, (F.) Acide nitrique. Nitric acid is ob- 
tained from nitre-Nitrate of potassa. Its odour 
is suffocating; taste very acid and caustic. It is 
corrosive, liquid, colourless, and transparent. 
S. g. 1.500. 
Strong nitric acid is rarely used except as an 
application to foul, indolent ulcers, or to warts. 
When given internally, it is in the form of the 
Aeidum, ni'tricum dilu'tum, Spir'itus nitri sim- 
plex, Sp. nitri vulga'ris-the Diluted nitric acid, 
which, in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 
consists of nitric acid, water, £ix, by measure. 
Diluted largely with water, it is used, as a drink, 
in fevers of the typhoid kind; in chronic affec- 
tions of the liver, syphilis, <fcc.; but, in the latter 
affections, it is not to be depended upon. 
NITROGEN, Azote. 
Ni'trogen, Gaseous Oxide of, Nitrous oxide, 
Protox'ide of nitrogen or of azote, Paradise gas, 
Intoxicating gas, Laughing gas, Dephlogisticated 
nitrous gas, Gas azot'icum oxygena'tum. This 
gas, when respired, produces singular effects; 
great mental and corporeal excitement; and, 
generally, so much exhilaration as to render the 
appellation, "laughing gas" by no means inap- 
propriate. It has not been much used in medi- 
cine, although recommended in paralysis. Its 
effects are too violent and too transient to render 
it a valuable remedial agent; and, in the deli- 
cate, it has been productive of unpleasant effects, 
inducing palpitation, fainting, and convulsions. 
Nitrogen, Protoxide of, Nitrogen, gaseous 
oxide of. 
NITROGENE, Azote. 
NITROGENIUM, Azote. 
NI'TROGENIZED. A'zoted, A'zotized. Con- 
taining nitrogen or azote : - as a nitrogenized, 
azoted, or azotized aliment. 
NITRO-MURIAT'IC ACID, Ac"idum nitro- 
muriat'icum, Nitro-hydrochlor'ic acid, Hydro- 
chloro-nitric acid, Aqua regia, Aqua styg''ia, 
Chrysulca, Aqua regis, Aeidum muriaticum ni- 
tro'so-oxy gena'turn, Mens'truum auri, (F.) Eau ri- 
gale. A mixture of the nitric and muriatic acids, 
has been used in diseases of the liver, in the form 
of a bath for the feet and legs made sharply aci- 
dulous. It has, also, been employed, and with 
more uniform results, in cutaneous affections. 
Whatever advantage it may possess in internal 
diseases - and these advantages are doubtful - 
they are probably dependent upon the chlorine 
formed by the mixture, or upon the properties 
possessed by the mineral acids in general. See 
Chlorine. 
The Aeidum nitro-muriaticum of the Pharma- 
copoeia of the United States is formed by mixing 
four fluidounces of nitric acid with eight of muri- 
atic acid. 
NITROUS OXIDE, Nitrogen, gaseous oxide of. 
NITRUM, Natron, Potass® nitras - n. Anti- 
quorum, Soda - n. Cubicum, Soda, nitrate of- 
h Faetitium, Borax-n. Flammans, Ammonia 
nitras - n. Lunare, Argenti nitras - n. Rhomboi- 
600 
NOISETTE 
dale, Soda, nitrate of-n. Saturninum, Plumb! 
nitras- n. Vitriolatum Schroederi, Potass® sul- 
phas- n. Tabulatum, Potassse nitras fusus sul- 
phatis paucillo mixtus-n. Vitriolatum, Potass® 
sulphas. 
NIX, Snow-n. Fumans, Calx viva-n. Zinci 
Zinci oxydum. 
NIXUS, Nisus - n. Parturientium, Nisus par 
turientium. 
NOAH'S ARK, Cypripedium luteum. 
NOBLE, Nob'ilis, Prin'cipal, Essen'tial. 
Noble Parts, Partes essentia'les. Some ana- 
tomists have given this name to parts, without 
which life cannot exist; such as the heart, liver, 
lungs, brain, <tc. The organs of generation have, 
likewise, been so called. 
NOCAR, vaiKap, Torpor Soporif icus. Lethargic 
torpor. 
NOCTAMBULATIO, Somnambulism. 
NOCTAMBULISMUS, Somnambulism. 
NOCTAMBULUS, Somnambulist. 
NOCTILUCA, Cincindela.. 
NOCTISURGIUM, Somnambulism. 
NOCTUI'NI OC'ULI. Gray or blue eyes.- 
Castelli. 
NOCTURNA BELLA, Coitus. 
NOCTUR'NAL, Noctur'nus, Nycter'inus, from 
nox, ' night.' Relating to night, as Febris noc- 
tur'na seu nycter'ina. A fever occurring in the 
night. 
NODDING, Annuitio. 
NODDLEPOX, Syphilomania. 
NODE, Nodus, Ernpby'ma exosto'sis perios'tea, 
(F.) Nodosite, Naud; from Hebr. *JJ, 'a heap.' 
A hard concretion or incrustation, which forms 
around joints attacked with rheumatism or gont. 
Some include, under this name, exostoses, arti- 
cular calculi, ganglions, and even the ehronio 
swellings of the joints, known under the namo 
of white swellings. 
NODES, Edentulus. 
NODI DIGITORUM MANUS, Phalanges of 
the fingers-n. Lactea, Infarctus mammas lacteus 
-n. Nervorum, Ganglions, nervous-n. Hacmor- 
rhoidales, see H®morrhois. 
NODOI, Nefrendes. 
NODOSIA, see Nefrendes. 
NODOSITE, Node. 
NOD'ULI ARAN'TII,ATo<Z?<?i Morgagn'ii, Cor'- 
pora Aran'tii. The small sesamoid bodies situate 
on the periphery of the semilunar valves of the 
aorta and pulmonary artery, for the better occlu- 
sion of the artery. 
NdDULi Morgagnii, Noduli Arantii - n. Ner- 
vorum, Ganglions, nervous. 
NOD'ULUS, diminutive of nodus, 'a knot.' A 
small knot. A small prominence or lobule in the 
portion of the cerebellum, which forms the poste- 
rior boundary of the fourth ventricle. The nodu- 
lus is on the median line, and before the uvula. 
See Vermiform process, inferior. 
NODUS, Articulation, Edentulus, Encystis, 
Ilamma-n. Cerebri, Pons Varolii - n. Chirurgi- 
cus, Knot, surgeon's - nJEnccphali, Naud de 
I'Endphale, Pons Varolii-n. Hystericus, Globus 
hystericus - n. Vita?, Centrum vitale. 
NOESIS, Intellect. 
N(LbD, Node - ». du Chirurgien, Knot, sur- 
geon's- n. Emballeur, Knot, packer's. 
N(EUD DE L'ENCEPHALE (F.), Nodus 
Enceph'ali. M. Cruveilhier, under this name, 
includes the pons Varolii, peduncles of the cere- 
brum and cerebellum, and the tubercula quadri- 
gemina. 
NCEUD VITAL, Centrum vitale. 
NCEUDS, Calculi, arthritic. 
NOISETIER, Corylus avellana. 
NOISETTE, Corylus avellana (nut.) NOIX 
- 
NOIX, Juglans regia (nux) - n. Americaine, 
Jatropha curcas-n. des Barbades, Jatropha cur- 
cas-a. Cathartique, Jatropha curcas-n. d'Eau, 
Trapa natans-n. de Galle, see Quercus infectoria 
- n. de Serpent, see Thevetia Ahouai - n, Vo- 
mique, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
NOLA CULINABIA, Anemone pulsatilla. 
NOLI ME TANGERE, Lupus, see Chancreux 
(Bouton.) 
NOMA, Cancer aquaticus - n. Pudendorum, 
Colpocace infantilis. 
NOM'AD, Nom'ade, Nomas, from vo/irj, ' pas- 
•turage.' An epithet given to people who have 
no fixed habitation, and who travel, with their 
flocks, from country to country, for pasturage. 
Such are the Tartars. By analogy, the word 
Nomad'ic has been applied to spreading ulcer. 
NOMBRIL, Umbilicus-n. de Venus, Cotyle- 
don umbilicus. 
NOME, Cancer aquaticus, Phagedenic ulcers. 
NO'MENCLATURE, Nomencla'tio, Nornen- 
clatu'ra, Onomatolog"ia, Onomatocle'sis, Termon'- 
ology, Terminol'ogy, Orismol'ogy, from ovo/ia, 
' name,' and KaXtM, ' I call.' A collection of 
terms or words peculiar to a science or art. In 
all sciences, nomenclature is an object of import- 
ance ; and each term should convey to the stu- 
dent a definite meaning. The Lavoisierian no- 
menclature was a valuable gift to chemistry; and 
anatomy has derived advantage from the labours 
of Barclay, Dumas, and Chaussier, who have 
given names to parts indicative of their situation. 
See Muscle. The nomenclature of pathology has 
required the greatest attention; and although 
repeated attempts have been made to improve it, 
the barbarous terms that disgrace it are still 
frequently adopted. It consists of Hebrew and 
Arabic terms; Greek and Latin, French, Italian, 
Spanish, German, English, and even Indian, Afri- 
can, and Mexican; often barbarously and illegiti- 
mately compounded. A want of principle in 
founding the technical terms of medicine is every 
where observable. They have been formed: - 
1. From colour; as Meleena, Melas, Atrabilis, 
Fence, Alphas, Chlorosis, Rubeola, Scarlatina, 
Purpura, <tc. 2. From duration; as ephemeral, 
quotidian, tertian, and quartan, continued, and in- 
termittent, &c. 3. From Birds, Beasts, Fishes, 
Insects, and Plants; as Rabies canina, Cynanche, 
Boulimia, Pica, Hippopyon, Elephantiasis, Urti- 
caria, Lichen, Ichthyosis, &c. 4. From Persons 
or Places; as Morbus Herculeus, Facies Hippo- 
cratica, Lepra Arabum, Plica Polonica, Sudor 
Anglicus, Morbus Gallicus, Ignis Sancti Antonii, 
Chorea Sancti Viti, &c. 
NOMUS, Cancer aquaticus. 
NON-NAT'URALS, Non natura'lla. Under 
this term the ancient physicians comprehended 
air, meat, and drink, sleep and watching, motion 
and rest, the retentions and excretions, and the 
affections of the mind. They were so called, be- 
cause they affect man without entering into his 
composition, or constituting his nature; but yet 
are so necessary that he cannot live without them. 
NON-SANEJlnsine. 
NON-STRIATED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see 
Muscular fibre. 
NONUS HUMERI PLACENTINI, Teres 
minor-n. Linguae musculus, Genio-glossus-n. 
Vesalii, Peronmus tertius. 
NOOS, Intellect. 
NORMA VERTICALIS, see Normal. 
NORMAL, Norma'lis, from norma, 'a perpen- 
dicular,' ' a rule.' According to rule; perpen- 
dicular. 
The normal line, norma vertica'lis, of Blumen- 
bach, is a vertical line let fall from the promi- 
nence of the frontal bone and shaving the supe- 
601 
NOSTALGIA 
rior maxillary, so as to mark the projection of 
the latter bone beyond the arch of the forehead. 
NORRIS'S DROPS, see Antimonium tartari- 
zatum. 
NORTON'S DROPS, Liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
muriatis. 
NOSACERUS, Sickly. 
NOSE, Nasus - n. Bleed, Epistaxis - n. Run- 
ning at the, Coryza. 
NOSELI'A, Nosocome'sis, Nosoeomia, from 
voaof, 'disease.' Care of the sick. 
NOSEMA, Disease. 
NOSENCEPII'ALUS, from ?o<ro$, 'disease,' 
and i-yictfaXos, ' brain.' A monster whose skull 
is open only on the frontal and parietal regions, 
the posterior fontanelle being distinctly present. 
NOSEROS, Insalubrious, Sick. 
NOSEUMA. Disease. 
NOSOCOMESIS, Noselia. 
NOSOCOMIA, Noselia. 
NOSOCO'MIAL, Noeocomia'lis, from notoeo- 
mtum, 'an hospital.' Relating to an hospital,- 
as 'wrtocomial or hospital fever.' 
NOSOCOMIUM, Hospital. 
NOSOCOMUS, Infirmier. 
NOSODES, Insalubrious, Sick, Sickly. 
NOSODOCHIUM, Hospital. 
NOSOGENESIS, Pathogeny. 
NOSOGENIA, Pathogeny. 
NOSOGENY, Pathogeny. 
NOSOG'RAPHY, Nosograph'ia, from votros, 'a 
disease,' and ' I describe.' A description 
of diseases. 
NOSOL'OGY, Nosolog"ia, from voaos, 'a dis- 
ease, and Xoyos, 'a discourse. A name given to that 
part of medicine whose object is the classification 
of diseases. The most celebrated nosological 
systems have been those of Sauvages (1763), Lin- 
naeus (1763), Vogel (1764), Sagar (1776), Mac- 
bride (1772), Cullen (1772), Darwin (1796), Selle, 
Crichton (1804), Parr (1809), Swediaur (1812), 
Pinel (1813), Young (1813), Good (1817), Ilosack 
(1818), &c. Besides these general nosographies, 
others have been published on Surgery exclu- 
sively, none of which are particularly worthy of 
enumeration amongst nosological systems. No- 
sological arrangements have, also, been formed 
of single families or groups of diseases. Plenck, 
of Baden, is the author of two different treatises 
of this kind : the one, a methodical arrangement 
of the diseases of the eyes, and the other, of cu- 
taneous diseases. Dr. Willan published an ar- 
rangement of cutaneous diseases, which was com- 
pleted by Dr. Bateman, and adopted into the 
Nosology of Dr. Hosack. Mr. Abernethy, also, 
published a methodical classification of tumours, 
and many other partial nosological classifications 
might be enumerated. Also, Pathology. 
NOSON'OMY, Nosonom'ia, from voaos, 'a dis- 
ease,' and ovopa, 'name.' The nomenclature of 
diseases. 
NOSOPII'YTA,from vojoj, 'disease,' and $vro», 
' a plant.' A disease supposed to be produced by, 
or to consist in the development of parasitic 
plants-as porrigo, mentagra, &e.- Gruby. 
NOSOPGS'US, Notopolt'icut, from >oaoj, 'dis 
ease,' and jtouw, ' I make.' That which causes 
disease. 
NOSOS, Disease. 
NOSOTAX'Y, NMotax'ia, from vo<r»s, 'a dis 
ease,' and ral-is, 'arrangement.' The distribution 
and classification of diseases. 
NOSOTHEO'RIA, from >o<roj, 'disease,' and 
Scwpia, 'doctrine.' The doctrine or theory of 
disease. ' 
NOSTAL'GIA, from vooto?, 'return,' 'a jour- 
ney home,' and aXyus, 'pain.' Ab*- NOSTOMANIA 
tras'sia, ApodemiaVgia, Pathopatridal'gia, Pato- 
patridal'gia, Philopatridal' gia, Philopatridoma'- 
nia, Ademon'ia, Ademos'yni, Homesickness, (F.) 
Nostalgic, Maladie du pays. An affection pro- 
duced by the desire of returning to one's country. 
It is commonly attended by slow wasting, and 
sometimes by hectic, which may speedily induce 
death. M. Pinel properly regards it as a variety 
of melancholy. 
NOSTOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
NOSTRASSIA, Nostalgia. 
NOSTRILS, Nares. 
NOSTRUM, Arcanum. 
Nostrum, Chittick's. An empirical remedy 
for stone in the bladder, said to be a solution of 
alkali in veal-broth. 
NOTA MATERNA, Naevus - n. Primitiva, 
Groove, primitive. 
NOTAS INFANTUM, Naevi. 
NOT AL, Dorsal. 
NOTAL'GIA, Notial'gia, (Nostalgia, impro- 
perly, of Kbchlin and others,) from iwroj, 'the 
back,'and aAyoj, 'pain.' Pain in the back. Spinal 
irritation. 
NOTANENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
NOTCH, Teut. No eke, Ital. Nocchia, Emar- 
gina'tio, Emarginatu'ra, (F.) Echancrure. A 
depression or indentation of different shape and 
size, observed on the circumference or edges of 
certain bones. 
Notch of the Concha, Incisura tragica. 
Notch, Ethmoid'al, (F.) Echancrure ethmo'i- 
dale, is situate on the frontal bone, and joins the 
ethmoid. 
Notches, Ischiat'ic, (F.) Echancrures Ischia- 
tiquos, are two in number: - the greater and the 
Zes«. The former is large, situate at the inferior 
part of the pelvis, and formed by the sacrum and 
ilium. It gives passage to the sciatic nerve, py- 
ramidalis muscle, and to the superior gluteal ves- 
sels and nerves. The latter is much smaller than 
the other, from which it is separated by the sciatic 
spine. It gives passage to the tendon of the ob- 
turator internus, and to the internal pudic vessels 
and nerves. 
Notch, Parot'id, (F.) Echancrure parotidi- 
enne, is the triangular space comprised between 
the parotid edge of the inferior maxillary bone 
and the mastoid process; so called, because it 
lodges the parotid gland. The notches in soft 
parts are generally called Fissures. 
Notch, scapula'ris, Lu'- 
nula scap'idee, (F.) Echancrure scapulaire. The 
notch on the superior edge or costa of the scapula, 
which is converted into a foramen by means of a 
ligament, and gives passage to the suprascapular 
nerve. 
Notch, Semilunar of the Sternum, Eour- 
chette. 
NOTENCEPHALIA, see Notencephalus. 
NOTENCEPH'ALUS, from vuros, 'the back,' 
and tyseipaXov, ' the head.' A monster whose 
head, with the brain, is on the back. The con- 
dition is termed Notencepha'lia, and Notanen- 
cepha'lia.- G. St. Hilaire. 
NOTHEUSIS, Degeneration. 
NOTH I A, Degeneration. 
NOTHROTES, Torpor. 
NOTHUS, False. 
NOTIASUS, Dorsal-n. Myelus, Medulla spi- 
nalis. 
NOTIALGIA, Notalgia. 
NOTOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
NOTOM YELUS, Medulla spinalis. 
NOTON, Dorsum. 
NOTOS, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
NOU AGE DE LA CORN EE, Caligo. 
602 
NUCLEUS 
NOUE, (Bandage} (F.); 'knotted/ from nodus, 
'a knot.' A bandage which has a considerable 
number of knots placed above each other. It is 
made with a roller, 6 or 7 ells long, rolled into 
two balls, and is used to compress the parotid 
region, after the extirpation of the parotid gland. 
Also, an epithet applied to children in whom 
the disease of rickets has swollen the articula- 
tions. 
It is, likewise, applied to the gout, when it has 
caused nodes on the joints. 
NOUET (F.), Nod'ulus. A bag filled with 
medicinal substances, and infused in a liquid to 
communicate their properties to it. 
NOUFFER'S, MADAME, REMEDY, Poly 
podium filix mas. 
NOUR RICE, Nurse. 
NOURRICIER, Nutritious. 
NOURRITURE, Aliment. 
NOUS, Intellect. 
NOU UR E, Rachitis. 
NOUVEAU-NE (F.), Neona'tus, nuperrimt 
Natus, Neog'enes, Neog'iles, Neog'ilus, Neog'nus, 
Infane recent natus. That which has been just 
born. A new-born infant. 
NOVACULA, Razor. 
NOYAU, see Cytoblast. 
NOYAU CENTRAL DES PEDONCULES 
DU CER VELET, Corpus dentatum. 
NOYER, Juglans regia-n. de Ceylon, Adha- 
toda. 
NUAGE, Nebula. 
NUBECULA, Enaeorema, Nebula. 
NUBES, Enaeorema, Nebula. 
NU'BILE, Nu'bilis, 'marriageable/ 'fit to 
marry.' Generally, the period of puberty is con- 
sidered to be the age at which both sexes are 
nubile. They are truly nubile, however, only 
when they are fitted to procreate healthy and 
vigorous children, and are competent to discharge 
their duties as parents. 
NUBIL'ITY, Nubil'itas, (F.) Nubilitt; same 
etymon. The state of being nubile or marriage- 
able. 
NUBILOSUS, Nepheloid. 
NUCES AQUAT1CA3, see Trapa natans - n. 
Quercfis, see Quercus alba. 
NUCHA, In'ium, (F.) Nuque. The nuke, 
hinder part, or nape of the neck. The part where 
the spinal marrow begins. 
Ligamen'turn Nucha. A strong ligament from 
the neck, proceeding from one spinous process to 
another, and inserted into the occipital bone. It 
is very strong in quadrupeds. It is called in 
them Paxywaxy, Paxaax, and Paclcxcax. 
NUCHAL RE'GION, Re'gio nucha seu nu- 
cha'lis seu occipita'lie infe'rior. The region of 
the nucha or nape of the neck. 
NUCISTA, see Myristica moschata. 
NUCK, CANAL OF. A small prolongation 
of the peritoneum often sent into the inguinal 
canal of the female feetus. So called from Nuck, 
who first described it. 
NU'CLEATED, Nuclea'tue, from nucleus, 'a 
kernel.' Having a nucleusTor pentral particle. 
Applied to the elementary cells*of organized tis- 
sues ; the vital properties of which are seated in 
the nucleus. See Cytoblast. 
NUCLEATED CELL, see Cytoblast. 
NUCLEI CEMBRjE, see Pinus Cembra - n. 
Ossei, Ossification, points of-n. Pinese, see Pinus 
pinea. 
NUCLEOLE, see Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLULE, see Cytoblast. 
NUCLEOLUS, see Cytoblast. 
NUCLEUS, see Cytoblast-n. Blastodermatis, 
Tache embryonnaire-n. Centralis, Corpus denta- 
tum- n. Cicatriculte, Tache embryonnaire-n. NUCULA 
Dentatus, Corpus dentatum - n. Dentis, Dental 
pulp - n. Encased, Cytoblast- n. Fimbriatus, 
Corpus dentatum-n. Furunculi, see Furunculus 
- n. Germinal, see Molecule - n. Germinativus, 
see Molecule - n. Olivae, Corpus dentatum-n. 
Ossificationis, Ossification, point of-n. Rhom- 
boidalis, see Corpus dentatum. 
NUCULA TERRESTRIS, Bunium bulbocas- 
tanum. 
NUKE. Nucha. 
NUMERICAL METHOD, see Method, nume- 
rical. 
NUM'MULAR, Nummula'ris. Relating to 
money, from nummus, 'money.' An epithet ap- 
plied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten 
at the bottom of the vessel, like apiece of money. 
NUMMULARIA, Lysimachia nummularia. 
NUPHUR LUTEUM, Nymphma lutea. 
NUQUE, Nucha. 
NURSE, Sax. nojuee, Nutrix, (from nourish, 
itself from nittrire,) Tithe'ne, Trephou'sa, Lac- 
tans, Lac'ticans, Nu'triens, Thelas'tria, Mamma, 
(I.) Nutrice, (F.) Nourrice. One who suckles her 
own child or another's. One that has the care 
of a sick person, (F.) Garde-malade. 
Nurse, Dry. One who gives every care to a 
child, but does not suckle it. 
Nurse, Wet. A female, who suckles the child 
of another. 
To ' nurse artificially,' is to bring up a child by 
the hand. 
NUS, Intellect. 
NUSUS, Disease. 
NUT, BUTTER, Juglans cinerea-n. Cembros, 
see Pinus cembra-n. Physic, Jatropha curcas- 
n. Pine, see Pinus picea-n. Pistachio, see Pista- 
cia vera-n. Poison, see Strychnos nux vomica- 
n. Purging, see Jatropha-n. Rattle, Nelumbium 
luteum - n. Soap, see Sapindus saponaria- n. 
Tree, Malabar, Adhatoda-n. Vomic, see Strych- 
nos nux vomica-n. Zirbel, see Pinus picea. 
NUTA'TION, Nuta'tio, from nutare, 'to nod.' 
Constant oscillation of the head, by which it 
moves involuntarily in one or more directions. 
NUTATOR CAPITIS, Sterno-cleido-mastoi- 
deus. 
NUTMEG, see Myristiea moschata-n. Flower, 
Nigella-n. Liver, Liver, nutmeg. 
NUTRICATIO, Nutrition. 
NUTRICIER, Nutritious. 
NUTRICIUS, Nutritious. 
NUTR1ENS, Aliment, Nurse. 
NUTRIMEN, Aliment. 
NUTRIMEN'TAL, Nutrimenta'lis, Aliment'al, 
Alimenta'lis, from nutrimen, 'aliment.' Having 
the qualities of food or nutriment. 
NUTRIMENTUM, Aliment, Pabulum. 
NUTRIT"ION, Nutrit"io, Nutrica'tio, Nutri'- 
tus, Alitu'ra, Threpsit, from nutrire, 'to nourish.' 
Nutrition is that function by which the nutritive 
matter already elaborated by the various organic 
actions, loses its own nature, and assumes that 
of the different living tissues,-to repair their 
losses and maintain their strength. Sometimes 
the word is used in a more extended signification, 
to express the whole series of actions by which 
the two constant movements of composition and 
decomposition are accomplished, in organized 
bodies. Nutrition, then, would comprehend di- 
gestion, absorption, respiration, circulation, and 
assimilation ; the latter being nutrition, properly 
so called, and being operated in the intermediate 
system over the whole of the body, - the cells of 
the tissues attracting from the blood the elements 
necessary for their reparation. 
Nutrition, Force of, Plastic force. 
NUTRIT"IOUS, Nutric" ius, Nu'tritive, AliV- 
ilis, Trophl'mos, Tropho'des, (F.) Nourricier, 
603 
NYMPIEE 
Nutricier. Having the quality of nourishing: as 
nutritious food, nutritious lymph, Ac. 
Nutritious or Nutritive Arteries, (F.) Ar- 
tires nutriciires. Arterial branches which enter 
the foramina nutricia of long bones, and pene- 
trate to the medullary membrane. 
NU'TRITIVE, Nutritious. Also, relating to 
nutrition: henee the 'nutritive functions,' or 
those that are concerned in nutrition. 
NUTRITUS, Aliment, Nutrition. 
NUTRIX, Mamma, Nurse. 
NUTS, WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
NUX AROMATICA, see Myristica moschata 
-n. Avellana, Corylus avellana (nut)-n. Barba- 
densis, Jatropha curcas-n. Becuiba, Ibicuiba- 
n. Cathartica Americana, Jatropha curcas - n. 
Gallte, see Quercus cerris - n. Juglans, Juglans 
regia-n. Medica, Coco of the Maldives-n. Me- 
tella, Strychnos nux vomica-n. Methel, Datura 
stramonium - n. Moschata, see Myristica mos- 
chata-n. Myristica, see Myristica moschata-n. 
Pistacia, see Pistacia vera-n. Unguentaria, see 
Myristica moschata-n. Vomica, Strychnos nux 
vomica. 
NYCTALOPE, see Nyctalopia. 
NYCTALOPEX, see Nyctalopia. 
NYCTALO'PIA, from vvl-, 'night,' and oirroyai, 
' I see;' Parop'sis Lucif'uga, Nyctalopi'asis, Coe'- 
citas diur'na, Visits noctw'nus, Oxyo'pia, Heme- 
ralo'pia (moderns,) Amblyo'pia meridia'na, He- 
meratyphlo'sis, Photophob'ia, Photophobophthal'- 
mia, Dyso'pia lu'minis, Visits a'crior, Nyc'talopy, 
(F.) Vue nocturne, Aveuglement de Jour. The 
faculty of seeing during the night, with privation 
of the faculty during the day. It affects both 
eyes at once when idiopathic. Its duration is 
uncertain, and treatment very obscure. It is, 
however, a disease of nervous irritability, and 
one of excitement of the visual nerve in parti- 
cular. The indications of cure will consequently 
be - to allay direct irritation in every way; to 
excite counter-irritation by blisters; and to gra- 
dually accustom the eye to the impression of 
light. 
One labouring under this affection is called a 
Nyc'talope, Nyc'talops, Nyctalo'pex. 
NYCTALOPS, see Nyctalopia. 
NYCTALOPY, Nyctalopia. 
NYCTERINUS, Nocturnal. 
NYCTI1EMER0N, see Dies. 
NYCTHE'MERUM, from vvf, 'night,' and 
'ryicpa, ' day.' The space of 24 hours, or of a day 
and night. Certain complaints continue only so 
long. 
NYCTOBADIA, Somnambulism. 
NYCTOBASIS, Somnambulism. 
NYCTOBATESIS, Somnambulism. 
NYCTOBATIA, Somnambulism. 
NYCTOTYPIILOSIS, Hemeralopia. 
NYGMA, Wound, punctured. 
NYGMATICUM EMPLASTRUM, Emplas- 
trum resinae. 
NYMPH A, Clitoris. 
NYMPIIj®, from vvp<]>n, 'a water nymph.' 
Alee inter'na mino'res clitor'idis, Carun'cula cu- 
ticula'res, Ala mino'res, A. mulie'bres mino'res, 
Crista clitor'idis, Collic'uli vagi'na, Myrtochi'la, 
Myrtoeheil'ides, Labia mino'ra seu inter'na, L. 
puden'di mino'ra, (F.) Nymphes, Petites livres. 
Two membranous folds, which arise from the 
lateral parts of the prepuce of the clitoris, and 
descend on the inner surface of the labia majora; 
terminating, by becoming gradually thinner, 
about the middle of the circumference of the ori- 
fice of the vagina. They are formed each of two 
folds of the mucous membrane of the vulva; and 
contain, in their substance, a thin layer of spongy, 
erectile tissue. Their use seems to be, - not, aa NYMPHJS ALBA 
was once supposed, to direct the course of the 
urine, which notion gave rise to their name, but 
to favour the elongation and dilatation of the 
vagina in pregnancy and labour. 
The word Nymphe, has also been used 
synonymously with clitoris by Oribasius, Aetius, 
Ac. 
NYMPILE'A ALBA, Leuconympha'a, Nemi'- 
phar, Microleucony mphte'a, Casta'lia specio'sa, 
White Wafer Lily, (F.) Nenuphar blanc. Nat. 
Ord. Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
nogynia. Formerly employed as a demulcent, 
antaphrodisiac, emollient, and slightly anodyne 
remedy. 
Nymphjea Indica, N. nelumbo - n. Major 
lutea, N. lutea. 
Nymph a: a Lu'tea, JV. major lutea, N. umbili- 
ca'lis, Nuphar lu'teum, Nenu'phar lutea, Nypho- 
tanthus vulga'ris, Yellow Water Lily, (F.) Nenu- 
phar jaune. Used for the same purposes. 
Nympiiaa Nelum'bo, Faba xEgyptiaca, Cy'- 
amus Nympha'a In'dica; Pontic 
or Bean. The fruit of this is eaten 
raw in Egypt and some of the neighbouring 
countries; and is considered to be tonic and as- 
tringent. 
Nymph.e'a Odora'ta, Sweet-scented Water 
Lily, Sweet water lily, White pond lily, Toad 
Lily, Cow Cabbage, Water Cabbage, (F.) Nenu- 
phar odorant. An indigenous plant, growing in 
most parts of the United States in fresh water 
ponds, and on the borders of streams, and having 
large white, beautiful, sweet-scented flowers. 
The root is very astringent and bitter. It is 
sometimes made into a poultice and used as a 
discutient. 
Nymph as a Umbtlicalis, N. lutea. 
NYMPHE, Clitoris. 
NYMPIIES, Nymphse. 
NYMPIII'TIS; from vvy<fm, 'the clitoris,' and 
itis, denoting inflammation. Epiderrhi'tie, In- 
Jlamma'tio Clitor'idis. Inflammation of the 
clitoris. 
NYMPHOCLUIA, Nymphomania. 
NYMPHOMA'NIA, from vvpcpr), 'a bride,' and 
604 
OBFUSCATIO 
yavia, 'fury;' Furor uteri'nug, Uteroma'nia, Lag- 
ne'eig furor femini'nus, Afetroma'nia, aEdoeogar' - 
galug, mug, Thelygon'ia, Erotoma'nia, 
Aidoioma'nia, Melancho'lia ute- 
ri'na, Nymphoclu'ia, Sympto'ma turpitu'dinig, 
Androma'nia, Gynaeoma' nia, ALachlot'yne, Ente- 
lipathi'a, Tenti'go vene'rea, Hytteroma'nia,' Sa- 
lac"ita» vulva, Uteri pruri'tug, Brachu'ua, Aran'- 
con, Arta'tum, (Egtroma'nia, (F.) Nympliomanie, 
Fureur uterine. An irresistible and insatiable 
desire, in females, for the venereal act. It occurs 
in those particularly, who possess a nervous tem- 
perament, and vivid imagination, especially if 
excited by improper language, masturbation, Ac. 
Its course, as described, is as follows. In the 
commencement, the sufferer is a prey to perpetual 
contests between feelings of modesty and impetu- 
ous desire. At an after period, she abandons 
herself to the latter, seeking no longer to restrain 
them. In the last stage the obscenity is disgust- 
ing ; and the mental alienation, for such it is, 
becomes complete. The treatment consists in the 
use of the same means as are required in the sa- 
tyriasis of man. When the mental alienation is 
complete, solitude is indispensable. 
NYMPHON'CUS, from vvn</>tj, 'the nympha,' 
and oyicos, ' a tumour.' A morbid tumefaction of 
the nymphae. 
NYMPHOT'OMY, Nymphotom'ia, Nympha'- 
rum Sec'tio, from vvn<pn, 'nympha,' and rtyvtiv, 
' to cut.' An operation, known and practised for 
a long time, which consists in the excision of the 
nymphae.- The operation is had recourse to, when 
they are attacked with scirrhus, cancer, fungus, 
or gangrene; or when they are so large as to in- 
terfere with walking or coition. Nymphotomy is 
the circumcision of the female. It is practised in 
some countries. 
Some authors have used the term Nymphotomy 
for amputation of the clitoris. 
NYPHOZANTHUS VULGARIS, Nymphtea 
lutea. 
NYSTAG'MUS. A partial rotatory movement 
of the eyeball from side to side. Also, Coma vigil. 
NYXIS, Puncture. 
0. 
OAK, BLACK, Quercus tinctoria-o. Common, 
Quercus robur - o. Jerusalem, Chenopodium bo- 
trys-o. Lungs, Liehen pulmonarius-o. Poison, 
Rhux toxicodendron - o. Red, Quercus rubra 
montana-o. Sea, Fucus vesiculosus-o. Spanish, 
Quercus rubra montana-o. White, Quercus alba. 
OARIOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
OARION, Ovary. 
OARION'CLTS, Oariophy'ma, Ova'rium tu'mi- 
dum, Tumor Ova'rii, from wapiov, 'the ovarium,' 
and oyxos, 'swelling.' Ovarian tumour. 
0 A R10 P A R E C'T A M A, Oopboraux'e, from 
oapiov, 'ovarium,' and napcKruveiv, 'to extend.' 
Enlargement of the ovary. 
OARIORRIIEX'IS, from wapiov, 'ovarium,' 
and pifa, ' rupture.' Ruptu'ra Ova'rii. Rupture 
of the ovary. 
0 A R10 T' 0 M Y, Oartofom'ia, Ovariotom'ia, 
Ovariot'omy, from uapiov, 'the ovarium,' and ropm, 
'incision.' The operation for removing the 
ovary. 
OARI'TIS, OopTiori'tit, Oori'tis, Inflamma'tio 
Ova'rii, Ovari'tie, (F.) Inflammation de I'Ovaire, 
from tuaoiov, ' the ovarium,' and itie, the termina- 
tion denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
ovarium. 
OARIUM, 
OARTHROC'ACE, formed by contraction from 
omo-arthrocace. Said to be used by Rust to de- 
signate inflammation of the scapulo-humeral ar- 
ticular surfaces. - Nysten. 
OATMEAL, see Avena. 
OATS, Avena. 
OBAUDITIO, Baryecoia. 
OBAUDITUS, Baryecoia. 
OBC/ECATIO, Caecitas. 
OBDORMIT"IO, from ob, and dormio, 'to 
sleep.' The state of the limbs being asleep. Stu- 
por ar'tuum. 
OBDUCTIO, Autopsia cadaverica legalis. 
OBELJEA RAPHE, Sagittal suture. 
OBESITAS, Polysarcia-o. Colli, Struma adi- 
posa-o. Nimia, Pimelosis-o. Viscerum, Phys- 
conia adiposa. 
OBESITE, Polysarcia. 
OBESITY, Polysarcia. 
OB ESUS, Corpulent. 
OBFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. OBITUS 
OBITUS, Death. 
OBJECT'IVE CONE. The cone of light pro- 
ceeding from an object, the apex of which is on 
the object, and the base on the cornea. 
Objective Sensations, see Sensation. 
OBLINITIO, Inunction. 
OBLIQUE', Obli'quus. Any thing inclined, or 
which deviates from the vertical line. Anato- 
mists have given this name to certain muscles, 
which have an oblique direction as regards the 
plane that divides the body into two equal and 
symmetrical halves. These are :- 
Oblique Muscles of the Abdomen. They 
are two in number, and distinguished into: 1 
Obliquus Exter'nus, Abdom'inis, O. descen'dens 
exter'nus, 0. descendent, 0. major, (F.) Clio-pubo 
costo-abdom'inal, Costo-abdom'inal (Ch.), Grand 
oblique, Oblique externe. One of the broadest 
muscles of the body. It is situate at the lateral 
and anterior part of the abdomen ; and is flat and 
quadrilateral. It is attached, above, to the outer 
surface and lower edge of the 7 or 8 last ribs : 
below, to the anterior third of the external lip of 
the crista ilii: before, it terminates at the linea 
alba by means of a broad and strong aponeurosis, 
which covers the rectus, and presents towards its 
inferior part two very solid fibrous fasciculi, 
which are inserted, - the one at the symphysis, 
the o|her at the spine of the pubis, - under the 
name of Pillars of the Abdominal Hing. These 
pillars leave between them an opening, which 
forms the inferior orifice of the inguinal canal. 
The obliquus externus abdominis depresses the 
ribs, and carries them backwards during a strong 
expiration. It impresses on the chest a move- 
ment of rotation, and bends the thorax upon the 
pelvis, and conversely. It contracts, also, the ab- 
dominal cavity. 2. Obliquus Inter'nus Abdomi- 
minis, M. accli'vit, 0. ascendent, O. minor, 0. in- 
terHus, 0. ascendent interims, (F.) Ilio-lombo-costo- 
abdominal, Ilio-abdominal (Ch.), Muscle petit 
oblique ou oblique interne, is broad, especially 
before; thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, like 
the preceding, beneath which it is situate. It is 
attached, above, to the inferior edge of the carti- 
lages of the 5th, 4th, 3d, and 2d false ribs ; below, 
to the anterior two-thirds of the interstice of the 
crista ilii, to the posterior part of the crural arch, 
and to the pubis ; behind, to the spinous processes 
of the last two lumbar vertebrae, and to those of 
the first two portions of the sacrum; before, to 
the linea alba. Its upper fibres run obliquely up- 
wards and forwards; the middle are horizontal; 
and the lower pass obliquely downwards and 
forwards. 
These last, in the male, are dragged down 
through the inguinal ring, when the testicle des- 
cends, and form the two fasciculi of the cremaster. 
The obliquus internus resembles the 0. exter- 
nus in function. 
Oblique Muscles of the Eye, Amato'rii, Cir- 
cumagen'tes, Rotato'res Oc'uli, are two in number. 
They are distinguished into: 1. Obliquus Superior 
Oculi, Amato'rius mus'culus, Trochlea'ris, Troch- 
lea'tor, Obliquus major, Circumductin'nit op'ifex, 
Longts'simus oc'uli, (F.) Optico-trochlei scleroti- 
cien, Grand trochUateur (Ch.), Grand oblique de 
Voeil, 0. suptrieur de Voeil, Amoureux (Muscle,) is 
situate at the inner and upper part of the orbit. 
It is small, round, fusiform, and reflected upon 
itself in the middle of its course. Behind, it is 
attached to the inside of the foramen opticum; 
and when it arrives opposite the internal orbitar 
process, it becomes a small, round tendon, which 
slides in a cartilaginous pulley fixed to the os 
frontis, and is reflected, at an acute angle, to pro- 
ceed downwards and outwards, and to attach 
itself to the outer and baek part of the globe of 
605 
OBLITERATIO 
the eye. This muscle carries the globe of the eye 
forwards and inwards; making it experience a 
movement of rotation, which directs the pupil 
downwards and inwards. This is conceived to be 
an involuntary muscle as well as the next. In 
sleep, according to Sir C. Bell, when the power 
over the straight or voluntary muscles of the 
organ is nearly lost, the eye is given up to the 
oblique muscles, which lodge the transparent cor- 
nea under the upper eyelid. At the approach of 
death, the same thing is observable; hence, the 
turning up of the eye, at such a time, is not an 
evidence of agony or suffering, but of insensibi- 
lity. 2. Obli'quus Infe'rior Oc'uli, 0. minor oculi, 
fF.) Maxillo-scliroticien, Petit Trochliateur (Ch.), 
Petit oblique ou oblique inferieur de Vveil, is situ- 
ate at the anterior and inferior part of the orbit. 
It is flat and attached to the inner and anterior 
part of the orbitar surface of the superior maxil- 
lary bone, on the outside of the lachrymal gutter; 
from thence it passes outwards and backwards, 
and terminates by an aponeurosis, at the poste- 
rior and inner part of the globe of the eye. It 
carries the globe of the eye inwards and forwards; 
and directs the pupil upwards and outwards. 
Oblique Muscles of the Head. These are 
two in number. 1. Obliquus Superior Cap'itis, 
0. minor capitis, (F.) Trachelo-atlo'ido-oceipital, 
Atlo'ido-sous-masto'idien (Ch.), Muscle oblique su- 
perior ou petit oblique de la tete. This muscle is 
situate at the sides of, and behind, the articula- 
tion of the head : it is flat and attached, on the 
one hand, to the top of the transverse process of 
the atlas ; and, on the other, terminates at the oc- 
cipital bone, beneath the inferior curved line, and 
sometimes, also, at the mastoid region of the tem- 
poral bone. It extends the head, - inclining it 
to one side. 2. Obliquus Inferior Capitis, Obli- 
quus major, (F.) Spini-axoido-trachtli-atlo'idien, 
Axo'ido-atloidien (Ch.), Oblique inftrieur ou 
grand oblique de la tete, is situate at the poste- 
rior part of the neck and head. It is round, fusi- 
form ; attached to the spinous process of the axis, 
and proceeds to terminate behind and below the 
summit of the transverse process of the atlas. It 
impresses, on the first vertebra and the head, a 
movement of rotation, which turns the face to one 
side. 
Oblique Processes, see Vertebrae. 
OBLIQUE EXTERNE, Obliquus externus 
abdominis-o. Grand, Obliquus externus abdo- 
minis- o. Grand de I'ceil, Obliquus superior ocu- 
li - o. Grand de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis 
- o. Inferieur de I'ceil, Obliquus inferior oculi -- 
o. Inferieur de la tete, Obliquus inferior capitis-• 
o. Interne, Obliquus internus abdominis-o. Petit, 
Obliquus internus abdominis - o. Petit de I'ceil, 
Obliquus inferior oculi - o. Petit de la tete, Obli- 
quus superior oculi - o. Suptrieur de I'ceil, Obli- 
quus superior oculi-o. Superieur de la tete, Obli- 
quus superior capitis. 
0BLIQUITE PE LA 31ATRICE, Retrover- 
sio uteri. 
OBLIQUUS ASCENDENS, 0. internus abdo- 
minis - o. Auris, Laxator tympani - o. Descen- 
dens externus, 0. externus abdominis-o. Major, 
0. externus abdominis, 0. inferior capitis, 0. su- 
perior oculi-o. Minor, 0. internus abdomtnis- 
o. Minor capitis, 0. superior capitis - o. Minor 
oculi, 0. inferior oculi. 
OBLIT'ERATED, Oblitera'tus; from oblite- 
rare, 'to efface,' (litera, 'letters.'?) A vessel or 
duct is said to be obliterated, when its parietes 
have approximated and contracted such an adhe- 
sion to each other that the cavity has completely 
disappeared. 
OBLITERATIO COMPLETA, Ilapantismus. OBLIVIO 
OBLIVIO, Amnesia - o. Iners, Lethargy. 
OBLOBIUM, Antilobium. 
OB'OLUS, Onolosat. A weight of 9 or 10 grains. 
OBSCCENA3 PARTES, Genital organs. 
OBSCURCISSEMENT DE LA VUE, Caligo. 
OBSERVA'TION', Observa'tio, (from ob, and 
tervare, ' to keep,' e. g. in sight.) Tere'sis, Sym- 
paratere'sis. Act of examining a thing by means 
of the external senses. This word is employed in 
several acceptations. It expresses-1. The action 
of observing - 2. The aggregate of knowledge, 
afforded by observation. In French-but not in 
English-it means the case or history of the phe- 
nomena presented by a patient in the course of a 
disease. 
OBSERVATION, Case -o. Method of, Nu- 
merical method. 
OBSTET'RIC, Obstet'ricus ; same etymon as 
obstetrics. Relating or appertaining to obstetrics, 
.- as ' obstetric auscultation,' ' obstetric explora- 
tion,' Ac. 
Obstetric Chair, Labour-chair. 
OBSTETRICANS, Accoucheur. 
OBSTET'RICS, from Obstetric, 'a midwife.' 
Tokol'ogy, Tocol'ogy, Maiei'a, Maeei'a, Maei'a, 
Maeeu'tica ars, Ars obstetric"ia, Obstet' ricy, (F.) 
Obste'trique. The art of midwifery. Midwifery 
in general. 
OBSTETRICY, Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIQUE, Obstetrics. 
OBSTETRIX, Midwife. 
OBSTIPATIO, Constipation - o. Tenesmus, 
Tenesmus. 
Obstipatio, see Hump. 
OBSTIPITAS, Torticollis-o. Capitis seu Colli, 
Torticollis. 
OBSTRUCTIO, Emphraxis, Stegnosis-o. Al- 
vi, Constipation-o. Ducttls Alimentarii, Consti- 
pation - o. Ducttls Stcnoniani, Stenostenosis - 
o. Intestinalis, Constipation - o. Recti Spastica, 
Stricture of the Rectum, spasmodic-o. Pulmo- 
num pituitosa febrilis, Peripneumonia notha. 
OBSTRUCTION OF THE INTESTINES. 
Enteremphraxis. 
OB'STRUENS, from obstruo, (ob, and struere, 
' to build,') ' I stop up by building against.' Op- 
pilati'vus. A medicine which closes the orifices 
of ducts or vessels. 
OBSTUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
OBTONDANT, Obtundens. 
OBTUMESCENTIA, Mutitas. 
OBTUN'DENS, (F.) Obtondant, from obtun- 
dere (ob and tundere, 'to beat,') ' to beat against,' 
and therefore to blunt the edge. An epithet 
applied to remedies that were supposed, accord- 
ing to an erroneous theory, to be possessed of the 
power of blunting the acrimony of the humours. 
A demulcent is one of these. 
OBTURAMENTUM, Emphragma. 
OBTURATEUR DU PALAIS, Palate, arti- 
ficial. 
OBTURATIO, Emphraxis. 
OBTURA'TOR, Obturato'rius, (F.) Obturateur, 
from obturare, ' to close,' ' stop up the entrance.' 
A name given to several parts. 
Obturator Artery, Arteria obturato'ria, A. 
obturatrix, (F.) Sous-pubio femorale (Ch.), Artire 
obturatrice, arises, most commonly, from the hy- 
pogastric. It is, however, frequently given off 
from the epigastric ; a matter of importance to be 
determined in cases of femoral hernia. Of 500 
obturator arteries examined by Mr. J. Cloquet, 
348 were furnished by the hypogastric, and 152 
by the epigastric or crural. When it arises from 
the hypogastric, it passes forwards and outwards, 
and then turns horizontally into the cavity of the 
pelvis, to issue from this cavity by the opening 
left at the upper part of the obturator membrane. 
606 
OCCIPITAL 
When, on the contrary, the obturator artery 
arises from the epigastric or the crural, it de- 
scends obliquely inwards, behind the os pubis, 
to the obturator foramen. A t its exit from the 
pelvis, the artery divides into two branches, a 
posterior and an anterior, which are distributed 
to the muscles of the anterior and superior part 
of the thigh. 
Obtura'tor Fora'men, Fora'men Obturato'- 
rium, F. infra-pubia'num, Fora'men ovale, F. tby- 
ro'ideum, F. Thyro'i'des, F. Amplum Pelvis, (F.) 
Trou sous-pubien. A large opening, of an oval 
or triangular form, in the anterior part of the os 
innominatum, on the outside of the symphysis 
pubis and beneath the horizontal ramus of the 
os pubis. Thjs foramen is closed by a membra- 
nous ligament. 
Obturator Ligament or Membrane, Sub- 
pubic membrane, is a fibrous membrane, fixed to 
the whole circumference of the obturator fora- 
men, except above, where an opening remains for 
the passage of the vessels and nerves of the same 
name. 
Obturator Muscles, Obturato'res, Botato'res 
fem'oris. These are two in number. They are 
divided into 
a. Obturator Exter'nue, Extra-pelvio-pubi-tro- 
chanterien, Soue-pubio-trochanterien externe (Ch.) 
A muscle, situate at the anterior and inner part 
of the thigh. It is broad, flat, and triangular; 
and is attached, on the one hand, to the anterior 
surface of the os pubis, to that of the ischium, 
and to the anterior surface of the obturator liga- 
ment. Its fleshy fibres converge to the tendon, 
which proceeds to be inserted at the inferior part 
of the cavity of the great trochanter. This mus- 
cle rotates the thigh outwards. 
b. Obturator Inter'nus, Marsupia'lin, Bur»a'li», 
Intra-pelvio-trochanterien, Sous-pubio-trochante- 
rien interne (Ch.) is seated, almost entirely, in the 
pelvis. It arises from the inner surface of the 
obturator ligament, and from the posterior part 
of the circumference of the obturator foramen, 
and is inserted, by means of a strong tendon, 
running between the two portions of the gemini, 
into the cavity at the root of the great trochan- 
ter ; after having turned upon the ischium, which 
forms for it a kind of pulley. This muscle also 
rotates the thigh outwards. 
Obturator Nerve, Sow-pubio-f(moral, (Ch.), 
proceeds principally from the 2d and 3d lumbar 
nerves. It descends into the pelvis; gains the 
obturator foramen ; gives branches to the obtu- 
rator muscles, and divides, behind the adductor 
primus and pe«tinalis, into two branches; one 
anterior, whose branches are distributed to the 
first two adductors, graeilis, and integuments; 
the other, posterior, distributing its ramifications 
to the obturator externus and third adductor. 
Obturator Vein has, ordinarily, the same ar- 
rangement as the artery. It is common, however, 
to find it arising from the epigastric; whilst the 
corresponding artery proceeds from the hypogas- 
tric, and conversely. 
OBTURATORES, Obturator muscles. 
OBVOLVENTIA, Demulcents. 
OCA, Oxalis tuberosa. 
OCC2ECATIO, Caecitas. 
OCCIP'ITAL, Occipita'lis. That which be- 
longs to the occiput. 
Occipital Artery. This arises from the pos- 
terior part of the external carotid, beneath the 
parotid. It proceeds backwards, passes between 
the mastoid process and the transverse process 
of the atlas; reaches the occipital bone and di- 
vides into two branches, which may be called 
ascending posterior and anterior, and are distri- 
buted to the neighbouring muscles and ligaments. OCCIPITIUM 
Occip'ital Bone, Os occip'itis sen occipit'ii seu 
occipita'le, On sphcsno basila're, On memo'vies, On 
nervo'sum, On banila're, On prorce, Onpyx'idis seu 
textual cra'nii seu lambdoi'des seu lambda seu 
laudee seu puppin seu nervo'num seu fibro'sum seu 
pelvicephal'icum, (F.) On occipital, is situate at 
the posterior and inferior part of the cranium, 
which it assists in forming. It is flat, symmetri- 
cal, and curved upon itself. It presents, 1. An 
occipital or ponterior surface, which is convex, 
and has, upon the median line, the basilary sur- 
face, the foramen maynum, through which passes 
the spinal marrow with its membranes and ves- 
sels,-the external occipital crest, the external oc- 
cipital protuberance ; and, at the sides, the upper 
curved line, large rough arched ridge or transverse 
arch or linea semicircular is, the lower curved line, 
the posterior condyloid fosses, the condyles for the 
articulation of this bone with the atlas; and the 
anterior condyloid fosses, pierced by a foramen 
for the passage of the ninth pair of nerves. 2. A 
cerebral or anterior surface. On the median line 
are: the basilary fosses, the inner orifice of the 
foramen magnum, the internal occipital crest, the 
internal occipital protuberance, the cruciform 
spine; a channel, which lodges the termination 
of the straight sinus, and on each side, the occi- 
pital fossa distinguished into superior or cere- 
bral, and inferior or cerebellous, and separated by 
a groove which lodges the lateral sinus. 3. The 
surfaces of the occipital bone are separated by 
four ridges and four angles. The two superior 
edges are articulated with the parietal bones ; the 
two lower join the temporal; and the anterior 
angle, under the name basilary process, is united 
to the sphenoid. 
The occipital bone is developed from four 
points of ossification ; and sometimes from a 
greater number. 
Occipital Muscle, Occipita'lis. Many ana- 
tomists have given this name to the posterior 
fasciculus of the occipito-frontalis. 
Occipital Nerve, Sub-occipital nerve, (F.) 
Premiere paire trachelienne (Ch.), Nerf occipital 
ou sous occipital. It arises from the upper part 
of the spinal marrow by eight or ten filaments, 
united in two fasciculi. Thus formed, it passes 
between the foramen magnum and the posterior 
arch of the atlas; and, at this place, forms a long 
ganglion, afterwards dividing into two branches. 
Of these, the anterior, which is long and small, 
makes a turn above the transverse process of the 
atlas, and forms an anastomotic noose with a 
branch of the second cervical nerve. The poste- 
rior branch, larger and shorter, divides into seven 
or eight branches, which are distributed to the 
muscles of the upper and back part of the neck. 
Occipital Region, Occiput. 
Occipital Vein. Its roots follow exactly the 
course of the branches of the artery, and unite 
into a single trunk, which opens into the internal 
jugular vein, and sometimes into the external. 
OCCIPITIUM, Occiput. 
OCCIP'ITO - A T' L 0 ID, Occipito - atlo'ideus, 
(F.) Occipito-atlo'idien. That which has refer- 
ence to the occiput and atlas. 
Occipito-Atloid Articulation is the articu- 
lation of the condyles of the occipital bone with 
the superior articular cavities of the atlas. It is 
strengthened by two ligaments; the one anterior, 
the other posterior, called occipito-atloid liga- 
ments: the one extends from the anterior, the 
other from the posterior, arch of the atlas, to the 
corresponding portion of the circumference of the 
foramen magnum. 
OCCIP'ITO-AX'OID, Occipito-axo'ideus, (F.) 
Occipito-axoidien. That which relates to the 
occipital bone and the axis or second vertebra. 
607 
OCIMUM 
OcciPiTO-Axorn Articulation is the connex- 
ion of the occipital bone with the axis or second 
vertebra, although these bones are not really ar- 
ticulated, but are merely retained in apposition 
by three strong ligaments, the posterior of which 
is called the occipito-axoid, and the two others 
odontoid. 
OCCIPITO-FRONTA'LIS, Digas'tricus cra'- 
nii, Epicra'nius, Front a'lie et occipitalis. They, 
majority of anatomists call by this name the 
whole of the fleshy plane, with the epicranial or 
coronal aponeurosis, (see Calotte,) which covers 
the head from the occiput to the forehead. It is 
attached, by its posterior fasciculus, to the two 
outer thirds of the upper curved line of the occi- 
pital bone, and to the outer surface of the mas- 
toid portion of the temporal; and, by its anterior 
fasciculus, it terminates at the eyebrow, where it 
becomes confounded with the superciliaris, pyra- 
midalis nasi, and orbicularis palpebrarum. 
The occipito-frontalis, by the contraction of its 
anterior fasciculus, draws forward a part of the 
integuments of the cranium. It wrinkles the 
skin of the forehead transversely, and may, also 
contribute to open the eye by its decussation with 
the orbicularis palpebrarum. The posterior fas- 
ciculus of the muscle draws backwards a part of 
the skin of the cranium, and assists in stretching 
the common aponeurosis. 
OCCIP'ITO-MENINGE'AL. That which be- 
longs to the occipital bone, and to the meninge 
or dura mater. 
Occipito-meningeal Artery, in Chaussier's 
nomenclature, is a branch of the vertebral, given 
off to the dura mater at its entrance into the 
cranium. 
OC'CIPUT, Occipit'ium, Regio occipita'lis, In' 
ion, from ob, and caput, Opisthocra'niton, Opis- > 
thoceph'alon, Prora, Occipi'tiwn. The back part 
of the head, formed by the occipital bone. 
Occiput, Soft, Craniotabes. 
OCCLU'SION, Occlu'sio, Myce, from occlu- 
dere, ' to shut up.' Sometimes this word signi- 
fies, simply, the transient approximation of the 
edges of a natural opening-the occlusion of the 
eyelids, for example; at others it is synonymous 
with imperforation, as occlusion of the pupil, 
vagina, &c. 
OCCULT DISEASES, see Latent. 
OCIIEMA, Vehicle. 
OCHETEUMATA, Nares. 
OCIIETOS, Canal. 
OCHEUS, Scrotum. 
OCIILE'SIS, from »%\os, 'a crowd.' A term, 
applied by Dr. George Gregory to a morbid con- 
dition induced by the crowding together of sick 
persons under one roof. 
OCHREA RUBRA, Haematites. 
OCHRIASIS, Paleness. 
OCHROMA, Paleness. 
OCHROPYRA, Fever, yellow. 
OCHROTES, Paleness. 
0CHR0TYP1IUS, Fever, yellow. 
OCHTHODES, Callous. 
OCIMUM ADSCENDENS, 0. Basilicum. 
Oci'mum Basil'icum, 0. adscen'dens seu pilo 
ston seu racemo'sum, Basil'icum, Reren'daros, 
Basil'icum majus, B.citra'tum, Oci'mum citra'turn, 
Common or Citron basil, (F.) Basilic commun. 
Nat. Ord. Labiatse. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gym- 
nospermia. This herb has a fragrant odour and 
aromatic taste. It is used as a condiment, am; 
has been supposed to possess nervine properties. 
Ocimum Caryophylla'tum, 0. min'imum, 
Small or Bush basil. Possesses properties similar 
to the former. It is sometimes used as snuff. 
Ocimum Citratum, 0. Basilicum-o. Pilosum, 
0. Basilicum-o. Racemosum, 0. Basilicum. OCOTEA 
OCOTEA PICHURIN, see Pichurim beans. 
OCREA. Hippocampus minor, Shin. 
OCTA'NA, Hebdomada'ria, Febris hebdoma- 
da'ria, from octo, ' eight.' A fever whose parox- 
ysms recur every week. A supposititious case. 
OCTA'RIUS. The eighth part of a wine-gal- 
gallon. It contains sixteen fluidounces, (Ph. U. 
S.) to 20 fluidounces imperial measure. 
OCTOPUS, Synapheocephalus, Hemipages. 
OCTUNX. A weight of eight ounces. 
OC'ULAR, Ocula'ris ; from oculus, 'an eye.' 
Of or belonging to the eye. 
Ocular Cone. The cone formed within the 
eye by a pencil of rays proceeding from an ob- 
ject; the base of the cone being on the cornea, 
-the apex on the retina. 
OCULARES COMMUNES, Motores oculorum 
•-o. Dentes, Canine teeth. 
OCULARIA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
OCULI MARMARYGODES, Metamorphop- 
sia - o. Palpebrarum scabies pruriginosa, Oph- 
thalmia tarsi. 
OC'ULIST, Oculis'ta, Ophthalmia'ter,Med'icus 
ocula'rius. One who occupies himself, chiefly, 
with the management of diseases of the eye. 
OCULISTIQUE, Ophthalmology. 
OCULO-MUSCULAR NERVES, COMMON, 
Motores oculorum. 
OCULUM MOVENS PRIMUS, Rectus inter- 
ims oculi - o. Movens . quartus, Rectus inferior 
oculi-o. Movens secundus, Rectus externus oculi 
-o. Movens tertius, Rectus superior oculi. 
OCULUS, Eye-o. Bovinus, Hydrophthalmia 
-o. Bovis, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum-o. 
Bubulus, Hydrophthalmia-o. Caesius, Glaucoma 
- o. Duplex, Binoculus - o. Elephantinus, Hy- 
drophthalmia- 0. Genu, Patella-o. Lacrymans, 
Epiphora-o. Purulentus, Hypopyon - o. Sim- 
plex, see Monoculus-o. Typhonis, Scilla. 
0CYMUM, see Ocimum - o. Sylvestre, Clino- 
podium vulgare. 
OCYODYNIC, Ocytocic. 
OCYPH'ONUS, from okvj, 'quick,'and tpovos, 
' murder.' An agent that kills speedily. 
OCYTOCEUS, Ocytocic. 
OCYTOC'IC, Oxytocic, Ocytoc'eus, Ocytoc'ius, 
Ocyt'ocus, Ocyody'nic, Odinago'gus, from o|vy, 
' quick,' and tokoj, ' labour.' Any thing that ex- 
pedites parturition. 
OCYTOCIUS, Ocytocic. 
OCYTOCUS, Ocytocic. 
ODAXIS'MUS, Odaxes'mus, Odontocne'»is, 
Odontocnesmus, from o<5ovy, 'a tooth.' The pain- 
ful itching of the gums which precedes the ap- 
pearance of the teeth. Dentition. 
ODES. A suffix, see Eidos. 
ODEUR, Odour. 
ODIN, Pains, (labour.) 
ODINAGOGUS, Ocytocic. 
ODINOL'YSIS, from obiv, 'labour pains,' and 
Xuvij, ' solution.' Mitigation of labour pains. 
ODINOPfE'A, from ohiv, 'labour pains,' and 
xoitu), 'I make.' Agents that encourage labour 
pains. 
ODIS, Pains, labour. 
0DME, Odour. 
0D0NTAG0G0N, Dentagra. 
ODON'TAGRA, from oiovt, 'a tooth,' and aypa, 
*a seizure.' A rheumatic or gouty pain in the 
teeth. Dentagra. 
ODONTAL'GIA, from 'a tooth,' and 
«Ayo>, ' pain.' Odon'tia, Den'tium dolor, Tooth- 
ach, Odon'tia doloro'sa, Gomphi'asis, Gomphias'- 
muf, Odontodyn'ia, (F.) Douleur des dents, Flux- 
on sur les dents, Mai de dent, Mai d'amour. A 
disease dependent upon a variety of causes affect- 
608 
ODONTOLITHOS 
ing the cavity of the tooth; but generally owing 
to caries, which exposes the cavity to the action 
of the air, and to extraneous matters in general. 
Hence, the treatment consists in plugging the 
tooth, or destroying the sensibility of the nerve, 
by powerful stimulants; and, if these means fail, 
in extracting the tooth. 
Odontalgia Cariosa, Dental gangrene - o. 
Dentitionis, Dentition - o. Haemodia, Haemodia. 
Odontalgia Nervosa, Neuralgia Denta'lie. 
Neuralgia of the teeth. Characterized by pe- 
riodical pain, shooting with the utmost violence 
along the branches of the fifth pair distributed to 
the affected jaw. 
Odontalgia Remittens et Intermittens, 
Neuralgia infra-orbitaria. 
ODONTALGIC, Anti-odontalgic. 
ODONTAMBLYOGMUS, Hremodia. 
ODONTHJEMODIA, Hsemodia. 
ODONTHARPAGA, Dentagra. 
0D0NTHYPERA3STHESIS, Htemodia. 
ODONTIA, Odontalgia. 
Odontia Defor'mis. Deformity of the teeth 
from error or shape, position, or number.-Good. 
Odontia Dentitionis Lactantium, see Denti- 
tion (first)-o. Dentitionis puerilis, see Dentition 
(second) - o. Edentula, see Nefrendes - o. Ex- 
crescens, Epulis - o. Incrustans, Odontolithos - 
o. Stuporis, Haemodia. 
ODONTIASIS, Dentition. 
ODONTIATER, Dentist. 
ODONTIATRIA, Dentistry. 
ODONTIC, Anti-odontalgic. 
ODONTI'TIS, Odontophleg'mone, from 
'a tooth,' and itie, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the teeth. 
ODONTOBOTHRI'TIS, Odontophatni'tie, In- 
flamma'tio alveola'rum, from odontdbothrium, 
' alveolus,' and itie, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the alveoli. 
0D0NT0B0THRIUM, Alveolus. 
ODONTOCLA'SIS, from oiovs, 'a tooth,'and 
' fracture;' Fractu'ra den'tie. Fracture 
of a tooth. 
ODONTOCNESIS, Odaxismus. 
ODONTOCNESMUS, Odaxismus. 
ODONTODES, Odontoid. 
ODONTODYNIA, Odontalgia. 
0D0NT0G"ENY, Odontogen'ia ; from oiovj, 
oHovros. 'a tooth,' and ycveais, 'generation.' Ge- 
neration or mode of development of the teeth. 
ODONTOGLYPHON, Dentiscalpium, Gum 
lancet. 
ODONTOGLYPHUM, Dentiscalpium, Gum 
lancet. 
ODONTOG'RAPHY, Odontograph'ia, from 
oiovf, 'a tooth,' and ypaQri, 'a description.' A 
description of the teeth. 
ODON'TOID, Odontb'i'dee, Odonto'dee, Denti- 
form'ie, Denta'lie, Dentoideue, Pyreno'i'dee, from 
oiouy, 'a tooth,' and tiiof, 'shape,' 'resemblance.* 
This epithet is given to the Proceseus dentatue of 
the second vertebra or axis. 
Odontoid Lig'aments, (F.) Ligaments odon- 
toidiens, are two strong and short conical fasci- 
culi, whose truncated summits embrace the sides 
of the odontoid process, and whose bases are fixed 
in the fossae at the inner side of the condyles of 
the occipital bone. Their direction is obliquely 
outwards and slightly upwards. They enter into 
the composition of the occipito-axoid articula- 
tion; strengthen the junction of the head with 
the vertebral column, and limit the movement of 
rotation of the atlas on the axis. 
ODONTOL'ITHOS, from o<5ovr, 'a tooth,'and 
'a stone.' A sort of incrustation, of a yel- 
lowish colour, which forms at the base of the 
teeth, and is called Tartar, Tar'tarut Pentium, ODONTOLOGY 
Odon'tia incrus'tans, Cal'culus denta'lis, (F.) 
Tartre deS Dents. It consists of seventy-nine 
parts of phosphate of lime; twelve and a half of 
mucus; one of a particular salivary matter, and 
seven and a half of animal substance, soluble in 
chlorohydric acid. Infusoria have been found 
in it. 
ODONTOL'OGY, Odontolog"ia, from 'a 
tooth,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' An anatomical 
treatise of the teeth. 
ODONTONECROSIS, Dental gangrene. 
ODONTOPARALLAX'IS, from oiovs, ' a tooth,' 
and irapaXXafa, 'deviation.' Irregularity and ob- 
liquity of the teeth. 
ODONTOPHATNE, Alveolus. 
ODONTOPHATNITIS, Odontobothritis. 
ODONTOPHYIA, Dentition. 
ODONTOPRISIS, Brygmus, Stridor dentium. 
ODONTOSEI'SIS, Odontoseis'mus, Den'tium. 
vacillan'tia. Looseness of the teeth. 
ODONTOSEISMUS, Odontoseisis. 
ODONTOSMEGMA, Dentifrice. 
ODONTOSPHACELISIS, Dental gangrene. 
ODONTOSPHACELISMUS, Dental gangrene. 
ODONTOSTERE'SLS, from oJovy, 'a tooth,' 
and orepnais, 'privation.* Loss of the teeth. 
ODONTOSYNERISMUS, from 'a tooth,' 
and 'to strike together.' (F.) Clacjue- 
ment. Chattering of the teeth. 
ODONTOTECHNY, Dentistry. 
0D0NT0THERAP1A, Dentistry. 
ODONTOTRIMMA, Dentifrice. 
ODORAMENTUM, Odoriferum. 
0 DOR AT, Olfaction. 
ODORATIO, Olfaction. 
ODORATUS, Olfaction - o. Deperditus, Anos- 
mia. 
ODORIF'ERUM, from odor, 'odour,' and/ero, 
'I carry;' Odoramen'tum. A medicine that gives 
odour or flavour. A scent. A perfume. 
ODOS, Way. 
O'DOUR, Odor, Odme, Osme, (F.) Odeur. A 
smell. Odours are subtle particles, constantly 
escaping from the surface of certain bodies. 
They act, in some manner, by actual contact 
with the nerves of the Schneiderian membrane, 
and give occasion to the sense of smell or olfac- 
tion. 
ODOUS, Teeth. 
OD'YNE, 'pain,' Dolor, Odyne'ma. A 
very common suffix to words; as in Pleurodyne. 
ODYNEMA, Odyne. 
(ECONOMIA, Economy - oe. Animalis, Phy- 
siology. 
CEDALICUS, (Edematous. 
(EDALIUS, (Edematous. 
(EDE'MA, from oiieoi, 'I am swollen.* Hy- 
dron'cus, (Edemat'ia, Hyderon'cus, Hydaton'cus, 
Hydrooede'ma, Hydrede'ma, Hydrops cellula'ris 
ar'tuum, Phlegma'tia, Leucophlegma'tia, Ecphy'- 
ma oedemat'icum, (F.) (Edeme, (Edematie, Enfiure. 
Swelling produced by the accumulation of a se- 
rous fluid in the interstices of the areolar texture. 
This swelling is soft; yields under the finger; 
preserves the impression for some time, and is 
pale and without pain. It presents the same 
characters as anasarca, which is general oedema. 
Its etiology and treatment are also the same. 
See Anasarca. 
(Edema Acutum, see Anasarca. 
(Edema Arsenica'lis. The swelling of the 
eyelids and face, induced by continued use of the 
preparations of arsenic. 
(Edema Calidum, see Anasarca - oe. Capitis, 
Hydrocephalus externus. 
(Ede'ma Cer'ebri, (F.) (Edeme du cerreau. 
(Edema of the brain. A condition of the cerebral 
609 
CEILLET 
pulp, in which there is an infiltration of serous 
fluid into it, so that it appears more moist or wa- 
tery than common; and, when sliced or pressed, 
small drops of water are seen to ooze out. 
(Edema, Compact, Induration of the cellular 
tissue-ce. Cruentum, Suggillation - oe. Febrile, 
see Anasarca - oe. Fugax, Anathymiasis - oe. 
Hystericum, Anathymiasis. 
(Edema of the Glottis, (Edem'atous Laryn- 
gitis, L. submuco'sa seu oedemata'sa sen sero- 
purulen'ta, (Ede'ma glot'tidis, Hydrops glot'tidis, 
Angi'na aquo'sa, A. larynge'a oedemata' sa, Sub- 
mu'cous Laryngi'tis, (Edem'atous angi'na, (F.) 
Laryngite oedemateuse, L. oedemateuse et sero-pu- 
rulentc, L. susglottique, L. sous-muqueuse, Angine 
laryngee oedemateuse, (Edime de la glotte. A 
disease consisting of serous or sero-purulent in- 
filtration into the submucous tissue of the glottis. 
The symptoms resemble those of croup; but the 
disease attacks the adult rather than the child. 
The age is, indeed, a principal means of diagnosis 
between the two affections. 
The disease is almost always fatal. The treat- 
ment has to vary according to the accompanying 
general symptoms. 
(Edema Lacteum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
(Edema of the Lungs, (Ede'ma ptdmo'num, 
Pneumoch'ysis, Pneumonoede'ma, Hydrops Pul- 
mo'num, Hydropneumo'nia, Anasar'ca Pulmo'- 
num, (F.) (Edeme du poumon. Laennec has so 
called the infiltration of serum into the tissue of 
the lung, carried to such an extent as to diminish 
its permeability to air. It is not an uncommon 
sequela of pneumonia, and the major exanthe- 
mata. The respiration is laborious; the respira- 
tory murmur scarcely perceptible, although tho 
thorax is largely expanded, and there is a slight 
rale crepitant, particularly at the base and infe- 
rior part of the lung. The sound on percussion 
is clear, and on both sides equally so. The cough 
is attended with aqueous expectoration. In some 
cases the respiration becomes puerile in a small 
portion of the summit of the lung. 
(Edema Neonatorum, Induration of the cellu- 
lar tissue - oe. Palpebrarum, Hydroblepharon - 
oe. Pucrperarum, Phlegmatia dolens-oe. Pulmo- 
num, (Edema of the lungs - ce. Pulmonum chro- 
nicum, Hydropneumonia - oe. Scroti aquosum, 
Oschydroedema-oe. Scroti cruentum, (Eschaema- 
toedcma-oe. Scroti purulentum, Oseheopycedema 
- oe. Scroti urinosum, Urocele - oe. Spasticum, 
Anathymiasis - oe. Uvulae, Staphyloedema. 
(EDEjdATIA, (Edema. 
(EDEMATIE, (Edema. 
(EDEMATOSARCA, (Edemosarca. 
(EDEMATOSCHEOCE'LE, (Edemoscheoce'le, 
Oscheoce'le oedemat' ica. Oscheocele with oedema 
of the scrotum. 
(EDEM'ATOUS, (Edemato'sus, CEdemat'icut, 
(Edemata'dee, (Edal'ius, (Edal'icus, Edem'atous. 
Affected with oedema. 
(EDEME, (Edema - oe. du Cerveau, (Edema 
cerebri - oe. Douloureux des femmes en coucbe, 
Phlegmatia dolens-oe. des Nouvelles accouches, 
Phlegmatia dolens - oe. actif des Nouvelles ac- 
couches, Phlegmatia dolens - oe. de la Glotte, 
(Edema of the glottis - oe. de la Glotte, Angina 
oedematosa - oe. du Tissu cellulaire des nouveau- 
nis, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
(EDEMOSAR'CA, (Edematosar'ca. A species 
of tumour mentioned by M. A. Severinus, which 
holds a middle place between oedema and sarcoma. 
(EDEMOSCHEOCELE, (Edematoscheocele. 
(EIL, Eye-oe. de Boeuf, Anthemis tinctoria- 
oe. Double, Binoculus-oe. de Lievre, Lagophthal- 
mos- oe. Simple, see Monoculus. 
(EILLET GIROFLEE, Dianthus caryophyl. (EILLIERE 
(EILLI$HIE, Scaphium oculare. 
(ENAN'THE, (E. croca'ta, (E. chcerophyl'li 
fo'liis, Hemlock dropwort, Hemlock water-drop- 
wort. Nat. Ord. Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Digynia. A violent poison of the acro- 
narcotic class. Its juice has been recommended 
in certain cutaneous diseases; but it is scarcely 
ever used. It is employed in fomentations. 
(Enanthe Aquatica, Phellandrium aquaticum 
-ce. Phellandrium, Phellandrium aquaticum-oe. 
Striata rigida, Seseli tortuosum. 
(ENELjE'ON, from oivos, 'wine,' and eXaiov, 
' oil.' A mixture of oil and wine.-Galen. Also, 
rectified spirit or alcohol. 
(ENOG'ALA, oivoyaXa, from oivoj, 'wine,' and 
yaXa, ' milk,' - ' a mixture of wine and milk.' 
According to some, wine as warm as new milk. 
(ENOG'ARON, Garwn vino mistum. Wine 
mixed with garum.-Aetius. 
(ENOIDES, Vinous. 
(ENOMA'NIA, Oinoma'nia, from oivos, 'wine,' 
and mania. Delirium tremens. Properly, wine- 
mania. An insatiable desire for intoxicating 
liquors. 
GE' NOMEL, (Enom'eli, from oivos, 'wine,' and 
ueAj, 'honey.' Mel vino'sum, Mulsum Vino'sum. 
Honey wine. Wine mead. 
(ENOPHLYGIA, Temulentia. 
(ENOPHLYXIS, Temulentia. 
(ENOS, Wine. 
(ENOSTAGMA, Spiritus vini reetificatus. 
(ENOTHE'RA BIEN'NIS, (E. Mollis'sima seu 
murica'ta seu gauro'i'des, On'agra, Evening Prim- 
rose, Tree Primrose, Primrose tree, Cure-all, 
Scabish. An indigenous plant, common on the 
borders of fields, and in natural hedges. Sex. 
Syst. Octandria Monogynia. Its properties are 
mucilaginous and slightly acrid. A decoction 
has been used in cases of infantile and other 
eruptions. 
(Enothera G auroides, 0. biennis - oe. Muri- 
cata, 0. biennis. 
(ESOPIIAGE'AL, (Esophagce'us, (F.) CEso- 
phagien. Relating or belonging to the oesopha- 
gus. 
(Esophageal Ap'erture of the Di'aphragm, 
(F.) Ouverture cesophagienne du diaphragme. An 
opening in the diaphragm for the passage of the 
oesophagus. 
(Esophageal Aperture of the Stomach. A 
name given to the superior or cardiac orifice of 
the stomach, to distinguish it from the inferior or 
pyloric. 
(Esophageal Muscle, CEsophagce'us. Some 
anatomists have given this name to the transverse 
muscular fibres which surround the oesophagus 
at its upper extremity. 
(Esophageal Tube, see Tube, oesophageal. 
(ESOPIIAGEURYS'MA, (Esoph.' agus succen- 
turia'tus, from oiaoipayos, 'the oesophagus,' and 
ivpvana, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of the oesopha- 
gus. 
(ESOPHAGIALGIA, (Esophagismus. 
CESOPHAGIARCTIA, Dysphagia constricta. 
(ESOPHAGIEN, (muscle,) Constrictor oeso- 
phagi. 
(ESOPHAGIS'MUS,(Esophagis'mum. A name 
given by Vogel to spasm of the oesophagus, Dys- 
pha'gia spasmod'ica, D. Spas'tica, (Esophago- 
spasm'us, D. Nervo'sa, Strictu'ra oesoph'agi spas- 
mod'ica, (Esophagial'gia, Tenes'mus Guice, (F.) 
Tinesme de I'cesophrtge. By some used synony- 
mously with oesophagitis, dysphagia, and con- 
traction of the oesophagus. 
(ESOPIIAGI'TIS, Angi'na cesopbaga'a, Cy- 
nan'chl oesophagce'a, Dyspha'gia inflammato'ria, 
610 
(ESTRUS 
Inflamma'tio oesoph'agi, I. Guice, (F.) Angine 
oesophagienne. Inflammation of the oesophagus. 
QESOPHAGODYN'IA, from oiao<payo$, 'the 
oesophagus/ and o&vvri, ' pain.' Pain in the oeso- 
phagus. 
(ESOPHAGOPATHI'A, Morbus (Esoph'agi, 
from oaroipayos, ' the oesophagus/ and rrabos, 
' disease.' A morbid condition of the oesopha- 
gus. 
(ESOPHAGOPLE'GIA, Dyspha'gia paralyt'- 
ica, LtBmoparaly'sis, from oiao<payo$, 'the oeso- 
phagus/ and irX>iyri, ' a stroke.' Paralysis of the 
oesophagus. 
(ESOPHAGORRHAG"IA, from oi<ro<payo$, 'th® 
oesophagus/ and payn, ' a rupture.' Hemorrhage 
from the oesophagus. 
(ESOPHAGORRIKE'A from oaroipayos, 'the 
oesophagus/ and pew, 'I flow.' Discharge of 
blood or mucus from the oesophagus. 
(ESOPHAGOSPASM'US, from o«ro<payoS, 'the 
oesophagus/ and airaapos, 'spasm.' Spasm of the 
oesophagus. , 
GESOPHAGOT'O-MY, (Esophagotom'ia, from 
oiaotpayo;, 'the oesophagus/ and rtuvciv, 'to cut.' 
An incision made into the oesophagus for the 
purpose of extracting foreign bodies from it. 
(ESOPH'AGUS, from oiw, 'I carry/ and <payw, 
'I eat/ Gula, FIs'tula ciba'lis, Via stom'achi el 
ventris, Fis'tula vel Infundib'ulum Ventrie'uli, 
Gluttus. The Gullet. A musculo-membranous 
canal, cylindrical, and depressed from before to 
behind, which extends from the inferior extremity 
of the pharynx to the upper orifice of the sto- 
mach. At its origin, it is situate in the median 
line; but, beneath the larynx, it deviates to the 
left, and in the chest experiences different inflec- 
tions. In its cervical portion, it corresponds, 
behind, with the spine; before, with the larynx 
and trachea; and, at the sides, it is close to the 
primitive carotids, internal jugular veins, par 
vagum, recurrent nerves, <fcc. In its inferior or 
thoracic portion, the oesophagus is entirely con- 
tained in the posterior mediastinum; and enters 
the abdomen through the oesophageal aperture 
of the diaphragm. The oesophagus is composed 
of a very strong muscular layer, sometimes called 
Tunica vagina'lis gula ; formed, itself, of two sets 
of fibres, the external being general longitudinal, 
the internal transverse or annular. 2. Of a mu- 
cous membrane which is soft, fine, thin, and 
white, especially at its lower part. It is continu- 
ous, above, with the mucous membrane of the 
pharynx. The mucous follicles, found beneath 
it, are not numerous, and have been called (Eso- 
phageal glands. The arteries of the oesophagus 
proceed, in the neck, from the thyroid; in the 
chest, from the bronchial arteries and directly 
from the aorta; - in the abdomen, from the infe- 
rior phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. Its veins 
empty themselves into the inferior thyroid, the 
vena cava superior, the internal mammary, azy- 
gos, bronchial, phrenic, and coronaria ventriculi. 
Its lymphatics pass into the ganglia surrounding 
it. Its nerves are afforded by the pharyngeal 
and pulmonary plexuses; by the cardiac nerves; 
the thoracic ganglia, and, especially, by tho 
pneumogastrics and their recurrent branches. 
Oesophagus Succenturiatus, Pharyngocele. 
GESTROMANIA, Nymphomania. 
GESTRUATION, Orgasm, see Heat. 
OESTRUM, Clitoris. 
(Estrum Ven'eris, (Estrum vene'reum, (Estrus 
vene'reus; from oicrpo;, oestrus, 'a violent impulse 
or desire.' A vehement desire for sexual inter- 
course. With some, astrum signifies Clitoris. 
OESTRUS, Clitoris - oe. Venereus, (Estrum 
venereum. (ESYPUS 
(E'SYPUS, from ots, 'a sheep,' and pviros, 
'dirt' [?]. The greasy matter of unwashed 
wool; formerly employed in friction in diseased 
joints. 
(EUFS, Ova. 
OFFICE, PHYSICIAN'S or SURGEON'S, 
latrion. 
OFFICINA, Pharmacopolium. 
OFFIC"INAL, Ofiicina'lis, from ofiicina, 'a 
shop.' An epithet for medicines found in the 
shop of the apothecary, ready prepared - usua'- 
lia ; in opposition to magistral or extemporaneous, 
- those prepared after the prescription of the 
physician. 
OFFIUM, Affion, Opium. 
OFFSPRING, Epigone. 
OFFUSCATIO, Amaurosis. 
OGLA, Oogala. 
OGNON, a Corn - o. Marin, Scilla. 
OIII'O, MINERAL WATERS OF. Yellow 
Sprint/ is a chalybeate, situate in Greene county, 
64 miles from Cincinnati. It is somewhat fre- 
quented. 
OIDIUM ABORTIFACIENS, see Ergot. 
OIE, Sorbus domestica. 
OIGNON, Allium cepa. 
OIL, O'leum, Ela'on, (F.) Huile ; from eXaia, 
'the olive.' A collective name, under which two 
classes of fluids are included, very different from 
each other: those belonging to the one class, are 
viscid, mawkish or almost insipid; those of the 
other are nearly devoid of viscidity, and are 
caustic and very volatile. The former are called 
fat or fixed oils; the latter volatile or essential 
oils, or essences. 
Oil of Almonds, Oleum amygdalarum - o. of 
Amber, rectified, see Succinum-o. Animal, Oleum 
animale-o. Animal, of Dippel, Oleum animale 
Dippelii - o. of Bay, Daphnelaeon-o. of Bays, 
Oleum laurinum - o. and Beeswax, Unguentum 
cerae- o. of Benjamin or Benzoin, Oleum benzo- 
ini-o. Bonne, see Sesamum orientale. 
Oil, British. An empirical preparation often 
used in cases of sprains. 
A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy recommend the following form for its 
preparation. - 01. Terebinth., 01. Lini. usitatiss. 
aa. 01. Succini., 01. Juniper, aa. Pe- 
trol. Burbadens. Petrol. American. (Seneca 
Oil,) M. 
Oil of Cacao, Butter of Cacao - o. of the Ca- 
shew nut, see Anacardium occidentale-o. Castor, 
see Ricinus communis - o. of Chabert, Oleum 
animale empyreumaticum Chaberti-o. of Cinna- 
mon, see Laurus cinnamomum - o. of Cloves, 
Eugenia caryophyllata-o. Cod, 0. Jeeoris aselli 
o. Codliver, 0. Jeeoris aselli-o. of Copaiba, Oleum 
Copaibie - o. of Cubebs, see Piper cubeba-o. of 
Cypress, Cyprinum oleum - o. of Dill, see Ane- 
thum graveolens - o. Dippel's, Oleum animale 
Dippelii-o. of Egg, see Ovum - o. Ethereal, 
Oleum - o. Flaxseed, see Linum usi- 
tatissimum. 
Oil, Fusel, Al'cohol amyl'imm, (Ph. D.) Fousel 
oil, Pota'to oil. An acrid volatile oil, formed in the 
manufacture of potato brandy, and which is not 
easily separable from it. Its chemical constitu- 
tion is analogous to that of alcohol. It exhales 
a powerful and peculiarly suffocating odour. S. 
g. .818. In small doses it is highly stimulating, 
- acting like narcotics in general. In large 
doses it destroys the mucous membranes of the 
stomach. 
Oil, Haerlem. An empirical preparation 
supposed to consist chiefly of petroleum, turpen- 
tine, and balsam of sulphur. Used internally in 
renal and rheumatic affections. 
Oil, Krumholz, see Pinus mughos-o. of Le- 
611 
OINTMENT 
mons, see Citrus medica-o. Lily, see Lilium 
candidum- o. of Mucilages, Oleum e mueila- 
ginibus - o. Neatsfoot, Oleum bubulum - o. of 
Nicodemus, Nicodemi oleum - o. Nut, Juglans 
cinerea - o. of Nutmegs, see Myristica mos- 
chata - o. Olive, Oleum olivae - o. Palm, see 
Cocos butyracea-o. Paper, Pyrothonide - o. 
of Pennyroyal, see Hedeotna pulegioides - o. 
of Pike, Oleum lucii piscis - o. Rock, Petro- 
laeum - o. Potato, Oil, Fusel - o. Rag, Pyrotho- 
nide- o. Rayliver, see Oleum Jecoris aselli - o. 
of Roses, see Rosa centifolia-o. of Rue, Pegane- 
lason, see Ruta-o. of Spike, Oleum terebinthin® 
-o. of St. John's Wort, see Hypericum perfora- 
tum-o. Salad, Oleum olivae-o. of Scorpion, see 
Scorpion - o. Sulphuretted, Balsamum sulphuris 
simplex - o. of Tartar, Liquor potassae subcar- 
bonatis - o. of Tobacco, Oleum tabaci - o. of 
Turpentine, Oleum terebinthin®- o. of Turpen- 
tine, rectified, Oleum terebinthinas rectifies turn- 
o. of Valerian, Oleum valerian® - o. of Vitriol, 
Sulphuric acid-o. of Wine, Oleum ®thereum. 
Oils, Animal, Olea animalia-o. Distilled, Olea 
volatilia-o. Empyreumatic, Olea empyreumatica 
- o. Essential, Olea volatilia - o. Ethereal, Olea 
volatilia-o. Expressed, Olea fixa-o. Fatty, Olea 
fixa-o. Fixed, Olea fixa-o. Fugacious, Olea fu- 
gacia-o. Medicinal, Olea medicinalia-o. Vola- 
tile, Olea volatilia. 
OILY, Oleaginous-o. Grain, Sesamum orient- 
ale. 
0IN0MANIA, fflnomania. 
OINTMENT, Unguentum - o. of Antimony, 
tartarized, Unguentum antimonii tartarizati. 
Ointment, Arsen'ical, of Sir Astley Cooper. 
This is made of ar»em'oM« acid 3.) > sulphur, gj ; 
spermaceti cerate, It is spread on lint, and 
applied to cancerous sores. 
Ointment, Basilicon, Unguentum resinae - 0. 
Bay, Unguentum laurinum-o. of Belladonna, 
Unguentum belladonnas - 0. Blister, Cerate of 
cantharides - o. Blistering, green, Unguentum 
lyttae medicatum-o. Blistering, milder, Unguen- 
tum lyttae- o. Blistering, yellow, Unguentum 
lyttas medicatum aliud - 0. Blue, Unguentum 
hydrargyri- o. Citrine, Unguentum hydrargyri 
nitratis - o. of Creasote, Unguentum creasoti- 
0. Cyrillo's, Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri 
oxygenati medicatum-o. Digestive, simple, Un- 
guentum digestivum simplex - 0. Edinburgh, 
see Unguentum veratri- o. Elder, Unguentum 
sambuci - 0. of Elemi, Unguentum elemi com- 
positum - o. for the Eyes, (Smellome's,) see 
Ceratum resinae - o. Golden, Unguentum hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxidi - o. Golden, Singleton's, 
see Singleton's golden ointment - o. Goulard's, 
Ceratum plumbi compositum-o. Green, Unguen- 
tum sambuci - o. Hellebore white, Unguentum 
veratri - o. of Iodide of potassium, Unguen- 
tum potass® hydriodatis - 0. of Iodide of Sul- 
phur, Unguentum sulphuris iodidi-o. of Iodine, 
Unguentum lodini-0. of Iodine, compound, Un- 
guentum iodini compositum - o. Itch, Unguen- 
tum sulphuris compositum - o. Itch, Bateman's, 
see Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad sca- 
biem - o. Itch, Bailey's, see Unguentum sul- 
phuratum ad scabiem - 0. Itch, Helmerick's, 
Unguentum sulphuratum alcalinum ad scabiem 
- o. Issue, Dr. Physick's, see Unguentum lytt® 
medicatum aliud - o. of white oxide of Lead, 
Unguentum oxidi plumbi albi - 0. of Lydia, 
Bacaris - o. Marshmallow, Unguentum de Al- 
threa-o. Mercurial, Unguentum hydrargyri-o. 
of nitrate of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri 
nitratis - o. of gray oxide of Mercury, Unguen- 
tum oxidi hydrargyri cinerei -0. of nitric oxyd 
of Mercury, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi 
- 0. of Nitrous acid, Unguentum acidi nitrosi - OIOCALYMMA 
o. Plunkett's, for cancer, Plunkett's ointment-o. 
red Precipitate, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico- 
oxydi-o. of white Precipitate, Unguentum hy- 
drargyri praecipitati albi-o. Resin, Ceratum 
resinm flavse- o. Resin, black, Unguentum re- 
rinse nigrte- o. of Rosewater, Unguentum aquae 
rosae - o. Soldier's, Martiatum unguentum - o. 
of Spanish flies, Cerate of Cantharides, Un- 
guentum lyttaj - o. Spermaceti, Unguentum ce- 
taeei - o. of Stramonium, Unguentum stramonii 
- o. of Subacetate of copper, Unguentum sub- 
acetatis cupri - o. of Sugar of lead, Unguentum 
plumbi superacetatis - o. Sulphur, Unguentum 
sulphuris - o. Sulphur, compound, Unguentum 
sulphuris compositum-o. Tar, Unguentum picis 
liquidse - o. Tobacco, Unguentum Tabaci - o. 
Tutty, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri-o. Verdi- 
gris, Unguentum subacetatis cupri-o. Wax, Un- 
guentum cerae - o. White, Unguentum oxidi 
plumbi albi-o. Zinc, Unguentum zinci-o. of im- 
pure oxide of Zinc, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri. 
OIOCALYM'MA, Odocalyp'trum ; from wiov, 
'egg,' and KaXvitruv, 'to cover;' Membra'na 
O'vuli eortica'lis. The membrane of the egg- 
shell. 
OLD AGE, Senectus. 
OLD MAN, Artemisia abrotanum. 
OLD WIFE'S SHIRT, Liriodendron. 
OLEA ANIMA'LIA, Animal oils, (F.) Huiles 
animates. A name given to fixed oils holding in 
solution the mucilaginous and gelatinous princi- 
ples of certain animals, as the Oil of frogs, Oil 
of scorpions, Oil of spiders, Ac. Sometimes, 
also, the term animal oils is given to empyreu- 
matie oils, produced during the decomposition of 
animal substances by heat. 
Olea Destillata, 0. volatilia. 
Olea Empyreumat'ica, Empyreumat'ic oils, 
(F.) Huiles empyreumatiques. Oils which have 
an empyreumatic or burnt smell. They are ob- 
tained by treating vegetable or animal matters by 
heat, in close vessels. They do not exist in or- 
ganized bodies, but are formed during their de- 
composition by fire. The animal oil of Dippel is 
an empyreumatic oil. 
Olea 0. sati'va seu lancifo'lici seu 
polymor'pha seu Gall'ica, Oli'va, Olive tree, 
tXaia, Elce'a, (F.) Olivier, (Fruit) Olive. Nat. 
Ord. Jasmineae. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogy- 
nia. The leaves of the olive are bitter, and an 
extract prepared from them, and a substance 
called olivi'na, the bitter principle of the leaves, 
have been given in Italy as antiperiodics. The 
fruit, when pickled, is extremely grateful to some 
stomachs. Olives, as met with in the shops, are 
prepared from the green, unripe fruit, repeatedly 
steeped in water. To this, some quicklime or 
alkaline salt is added, and, afterwards, they are 
washed and preserved in a pickle of common salt 
and water. From this fruit is prepared the Olive 
oil or Salad oil of the Pharmacopoeias, which is 
obtained by grinding and pressing the olives, 
when thoroughly ripe. The finer and purer oil 
issues first by gentle pressure, and the inferior 
sort on heating what is left, and pressing it more 
strongly. See Oleum Olivse. In Calabria, an 
odorous resin exudes from its trunk, which is 
employed as a perfume by the Neapolitans. 
A gum flows from certain wild olives, in warm 
countries, which consists, according to Pelletier, 
of a resin, a little benzoic acid, and a peculiar 
substance, called Olivile. It is in yellow masses, 
of a slightly acrid taste, and of a vanilla smell. 
It is called Olea gummi, 0. resi'na, and 0. bals'- 
amum, (F.) Gomme olivier, and is esteemed astrin- 
gent and detersive. 
Olea Fixa vel Pin'gttia, Expressed oils, 
Nixed oils, Fatty oils, (F.) Huiles fixes ou grasses. 
612 
OLECRANON 
All the oils obtained from the seeds or pericarps 
of vegetables, without distillation, and which are 
viscid, but slightly odorous and sapid; lighter 
than water, and insoluble in alcohol. The ran- 
cidity of oils depends on the absorption of oxy- 
gen, and therefore they should be kept in bulk 
as much as possible; and in narrow-necked bot- 
tles, so that a very small surface only can be ex- 
posed to the air. All the fixed oils are emollient, 
and, in a certain dose, they act as purgatives and 
emetics. They are prepared by expressing tho 
fruit or seed containing them. 
Olea Fuga'cia, Fuga'cious oils, (F.) Hailes 
fugaces. A name given to oils which are so vo- 
latile that, in order to obtain them, recourse must 
be had to a different process from that employed 
for other essential oils. Such are the oils of jes- 
samine, lily, violet, <tc. 
Olea Gallica, 0. Europaea-o. Lancifolia, 0. 
Europa) a. 
Olea Medicina'lia, Medic" in al oils, (F.) 
Huiles Medicinales. A name given to oils pre- 
pared by macerating, infusing, or boiling medi- 
cinal substances in olive or any other fixed oils. 
These oils may then be regarded as oily solutions 
of certain medicinal substances; whence they 
can never be simple. They have, however, been 
divided into simple and compound medicinal oils. 
To the former belong the Oils of St. John's wort, of 
the Solanum nigrum,&c.; to the other-whichhave 
often been called Oily balsams, (F.) Baumes hui- 
leux-the Balsams of Fioraventi, Metz, &c. Me- 
dicinal oils are, almost always, employed exter- 
nally. 
Olea Polymorpha, 0. Europaea-o. Sativa, 0. 
Europaea. 
Olea Volatil'ia, Olea destilla'ta, Vol'atila 
oils, jEthero'lea, Ethe'real oils, Essential oils, 
Distil'led oils, Es'sences, (F.) Huiles volatiles, H. 
essentielles. Oils found in aromatic vegetables, 
and in every part of them, except in the interior 
of the seeds. The majority are obtained by dis- 
tillation ; but some by expression. They possess 
unetuosity, inflammability, and viscidity, like the 
fixed oils; but they are generally odoriferous, 
pungent, and acrid. The greater part are lighter 
than water; but some are heavier, and congeal 
at a moderate temperature. They dissolve, in 
small quantity, in distilled water, by simple agi- 
tation. Almost all are soluble in alcohol. The 
odour and taste are the usual tests of their good- 
ness. To preserve them, they should be kept in 
a cool place, in small bottles, quite full and well 
corked. Volatile oils are possessed of the aro- 
matic properties of the plants whence they are 
obtained. They are all, when applied externally, 
stimulant and rubefacient. 
0LEAG"IN0US, Oleagino'sus, Oleo'sus. Oily; 
containing oil, - as 'an oleaginous or oily mix- 
ture.' 
OLEA'MEN, Oleamen'tum. Any soft oint- 
ment prepared of oil.- Scribonius. 
OLEANDER, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
OLECRANARTHRI'TIS, from whuepavov, 'the 
olecranon,' apflpov, 'joint,' and tt»>, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the elbow joint. 
0LECRAN0ID CAVITY, see Ulna. 
OLEC'RANON, Olecra'non, Olec'ranum, Olec'- 
ranon mob'He; from uJtvn, 'the elbow,' and Kpa- 
vov, 'the head.' Acrole'nion, Additamen'tum ne- 
ca'tum, Ancon, Proces'sus anconeus, Glans seu 
Coro'na seu Coro'na posterior seu Arfd/tamen'twm 
unca'tum Ulna, Vertex Cu'biti, Patel'la fra, Ros- 
trum exter'num seu poste'rius, Top of the cubit. 
Head or projection of the elbow. A large pro- 
cess at the upper extremity of the ulna, on which 
we lean. When this process is fractured, it is apt OLECRANARTHROCACE 
to be drawn up by the triceps, and mueh care is 
required to keep the parts in apposition. 
OLECRANARTHROC'ACE, from whevn, 'the 
elbow,' Kpavov, ' the head,' and arthrocace. A 
name given by Rust to inflammation of the arti- 
cular surfaces of the elbow. 
OLEFIANT GAS, CHLORIDE OF, see Anaes- 
thetic. 
OLENE, Ulna. 
OLEO-CERATUM AQUA SUBACTUM, Ce- 
ratum Galeni. 
OLEO-SACCHARUM, Elaeo-saceharum. 
OLEOSUS, Oleaginous. 
OLETTE, MINERAL WATERS OF. At 
Olette, in the department Pyr6n6es Orientales, is 
a thermal spring, which raises the thermometer 
to 190° Fahr. It is the hottest in France. 
OLEUM, Oil-o. Abietis, see Pinus picea-o. 
Absinthii, Artemisia absinthium, (oil of) - o. 
Acusticum, Huile acoustique. 
Oleum JEthe'reum, xEthe'real oil [formed in 
the distillation of ether), Oleum vini, Oil of wine, 
(F.) Huile douce de vin. A peculiar oleaginous 
matter, obtained by continuing the distillation, 
after the whole of the sulphuric ether has passed 
over in the process for the preparation of the 
latter. It is used only as an ingredient in the 
compound spirit of ether. It is officinal in the 
Ph. U. S. 
Oleum Ammoniatum, Linimentum ammonias 
fortius. 
Oleum Amygdala'rum, Oleum amyg'dalce, Oil 
of Almonds, (F.) Huile d'amandes. [Expressed 
from both sweet and bitter almonds,-Amygdalus 
communis. §xvj of almonds yield v of oil.) It 
is inodorous, insipid, and of a pale straw colour, 
and is employed as a demulcent and emollient. 
Oleum Anacardii, see Anacardium occidentale. 
Oleum Anima'lE, An'imal oil, (F.) Huile ani- 
mate. An oil obtained by the decomposition of 
the immediate principles of animals, subjected to 
the action of heat. It is fetid, and always con- 
tains a certain quantity of subcarbonate of am- 
monia. See Olea Empyreumatica. The name 
animal oil is sometimes also given to the fat con- 
tained in the fatty vesicles. The composition of 
this fat does not, indeed, differ from that of the 
fixed oil. x 
Oleum Anima'lE Dippe'lii, Animal oil of 
Dippel, Oleum cornu cervi, 0. C. C. rectifica'tum, 
Animal oil, Dippel's oil, Oleum pyro-anima'le 
depura'tum, 0. anima'le cethe'reum, Pyro'leum 
os'sium rectifica'tum, (F.) Huile animate de Dip- 
pel, Huile de come de cerf, is obtained by distil- 
ling animal matters, especially hartshorn, on the 
naked fire. The subearbonate of ammonia, which 
it contains, renders it partly soluble in water, and 
communicates to it the stimulant properties for 
■which it is used in medicine. It is employed as 
an antispasmodic. 
Oleum Anima'lE Empyreumat'icum Chaber'- 
Tl, 0. Empyreumat'icum seu anthelmin'ticum seu 
contra ta'niam Chaber'ti, Empyreumat'ic oil of 
Chabert, Oil of Chabert, is made by adding one 
part of animal oil to three parts of oil of turpen- 
tine, leaving them to combine for four days, and 
then distilling three parts. An effective anthel- 
mintic. Dose, a tea-spoonful three times a day. 
Oleum Animaliza'tum per Infusio'nem, (F.) 
Huile animalisee par infusion, Huile aroniatique, 
H. de petits chiens. A preparation, formerly 
esteemed tonie and cephalic. It was obtained 
by boiling new-born puppies in oil, first depriv- 
ing them of their blood, skin, and intestines. 
When the decoction was cold, origanum, thyme, 
pennyroyal, St. John's-wort, and marjoram were 
added. 
Oleum Anisi, see Pimpinella anisum - o. An- 
613 
OLEUM 
thelminticum Chaberti, Olenin animale empyreu- 
niatieum Chaberti-o. Aurantii, see Citrus auran- 
tium-o. Balaninum, Guilandina moringa (oleum) 
-o. Balsami, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
Oleum Benzo'ini, Oil of Benzoin or Benjamin. 
An oil obtained by heating, in a sand-bath, the 
matter which remains after benzoic acid has been 
separated from benzoin by the aid of heat. It 
has been regarded as balsamic and sudorific. 
Oleum Bergamii, see Bergamote. 
Oleum Bu'bulum, Neat's-foot oil. The oil 
prepared from the bones of Bos Domesticus. It 
is obtained by boiling in water for a long time 
the feet of the ox, previously deprived of the 
hoof. It is introduced into the ofiicinal list of 
the Ph. U. S. as an ingredient of the ointment 
of nitrate of mercury. 
Oleum Cacao Spissatum, Butter of Cacao - 
o. Cadinum, see Juniperus oxycedrus- o. Caju- 
puti, Caieput (oil) - o. Camphoratum, Linimen- 
tum camphor®-o. Cari seu Carui, Carum (oleum) 
-o. Caryophylli, see Eugenia caryophyllata. 
Oleum Ced'rinum, Essentia de cedro, (F.) 
Huile de cedrat. The oil of the peel of citrons, 
obtained in Italy in a particular manner, without 
distillation. 
Oleum Chaberti, 0. animale empyreumaticum 
Chaberti - o. Chenopodii, see Chenopodium an- 
thelminticum-o. Cicinum, see Ricinus commu- 
nis- o. Cinnamomi, see Laurus cinnamomum- 
o. Contra Tmniam Chaberti, Oleum animale em- 
pyreumaticum Chaberti. 
Oleum Copa'iba:, Oil of Copa'iba. (Copaib. 
tbij ; Aqua, cong. iv. Distil three gallons: sepa- 
rate the oil; return the water to the copaiba, and 
again distil three gallons. Separate the oil, and 
add it to the other. Ph. U. S.) Dose gtt. x to xxx. 
Oleum Cornu Cervi, 0. animale Dippelii-o. 
Cubeb®, see Piper cubeb®-o. Euphoria® lathy- 
ridis, see Euphorbia lathyris - o. Fixum nucum 
cocos butyrace®, see Cocos butyracea-o. F®ni- 
culi, see Anethum-o. Gabianum, Petrol®um-o. 
Gallin®, Alkale - o. Gaultheri®, see Gaultheria 
-o. lledeom®, see Iledeoma pulegioides-o. Hy- 
perici, see Hypericum perforatum - o. infernale, 
0. Ricini. 
Oleum Jec'oris Asellt, 0. Mor'rhua, 0. Je- 
cino'ris Aselli, Axun'gia Ga'di, A. Pisci'na ma- 
ri'na, Codliver oil, Cod oil, (F.) Huile de morue, 
Huile de Foie de morue. The animal oil, which 
appears under this name in commerce, is obtained 
from several of the species belonging to the genus 
Gadus. The clearest sorts are generally used. It 
appears to have no sensible effect upon the eco- 
nomy; but has been given in strumous affections, 
rheumatism, chronic cutaneous diseases, and tu- 
mours of the mamm®. The dose for an adult is 
from to 
Rayliver oil, O'leum raice, is used in the same 
cases and doses. 
Oleum Juniperi, see Juniperis communis-o. 
Juniperi empyreumaticum, see Juniperus oxyce- 
drus - o. de Kerva, see Ricinus communis - o. 
Kervinum, see Ricinus communis. 
Oleum Lauri'num, Oleum lauri, Oil of bays. 
An oil obtained from bayberries, and sometimes 
used in sprains and bruises, unattended with in- 
flammation. 
Oleum Laurinum, Daphnel®on, Unguentum 
L. - o. Lavendul®, see Lavendula - o. Lentisci- 
num, Schinelmon.-o. Limonis, see Citrus medica 
-o. Lini, see Linum usitatissimum-o. Lini cum 
calce, Linimentuni aqu® ealcis. 
Oleum Lu'cii Piscis, Oil of Pike. From the 
liver of the Esox Indus an oil is spontaneously 
separated, which is used in some countries to de- 
stroy specks on the cornea. 
Oleum Malabathri, see Malabathrum - o. OLEUM 
Marias, see Fagara octandra - o. Melaleucas leu- 
codendri, Caieput (oil)-o. Mentha? piperita?, see 
Mentha piperita - o. Mentha? viridis, Mentha vi- 
ridis - o. Monardae, Monarda punctata-o. Mor- 
rhuas, 0. jeeoris aselli. 
Oleum e Mucilagin'ibus, Oil of Mu'cilages. 
(Rad. althaea rec. ibss; sem. lini, sem. foenugraec.i, 
aa 3iij; aquae, Oij. Boil for half an hour; add 
ol. oliv. Oiv; continue the boiling till the water 
is nearly consumed, and pour off the oil.) Emol- 
lient. 
Oleum Myristic.®, see Myristica moschata- 
o. Neroli, see Citrus aurantium. 
Oleum Oli'v.e, 0. oliva'rum, Olive oil, Salad 
oil. An inodorous, insipid, and transparent oil; 
obtained by expression from the olive, when ripe. 
It is demulcent and emollient, - possessing the 
qualities of the fixed oils in general. 
An inferior kind, obtained by boiling olives in 
water, and skimming the oil from the surface, is 
also used in Pharmacy. See Olea Europaea. 
Oleum Omphacinum, Omotribes - o. Origani, 
see Origanum - o. Qxydi cupri viride, Balsam, 
green, of Metz - o. de Palma Christi, see Ricinus 
communis - o. Palmae, see Cocos butyracea - o. 
Palma? liquidum, see Ricinus communis - o. Pe- 
tra?, Petrola?um - o. Petr® album, Naphtha-o. 
Picinum, Brutia, Pisselaeum - o. Piment®, see 
Myrtus pimenta-o. Pini purissimum, 0. tere- 
binthin® rectificatum - o. Pulegii, see Mentha 
pulegium - o. Pyro-animale, 0. animale Dippelii 
- o. Raise, see Oleum Jeeoris Aselli - o. Ricini, 
see Ricinus communis-o. Rosa?, see Rosa cen- 
tifolia- o. Rosarum, Rhodel®on- o. Rutaceum, 
Peganel®on-o. Rosmarini, see Rosmarinus - o. 
Rut®, see Ruta-o. Sabinae, see Juniperus Sabi- 
na - o. Sassafras, see Laurus Sassafras - o. Se- 
sami, see Sesamum orientale - o. Sinapis, see 
Sinapis - o. Spicas vulgaris, 0. terebinthime - o. 
Succini, see Succinum - o. Succini rectificatum, 
see Succinum. 
Oleum Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum sulph'uris 
simplex, Sulph'urated oil. (Sulphur, lot. 
oliva olei, Ibj. Heat the oil in a large iron pot, 
and throw in the sulphur by degrees; stirring 
the mixture after each addition till they unite.) 
It is stimulating, and was formerly much used in 
coughs, asthma, <fcc., and, externally, to foul 
ulcers. 
Oleum Tab'aci, Oil of Tobacco. An empyreu- 
matic oil, obtained from coarsely powdered to- 
bacco by heating the retort to dull redness.- 
Ph. U. S. 
Oleum Tartari per Deliquium, Liquor po- 
tass® subcarbonatis - o. Templinum, see Pinus 
mughos. 
Oleum Terebin'thin.®, Oil of Turpentine. The 
volatile oil of the juice of pinus palustris, and 
other species of pinus. 
Oleum Terebin'thix.® Rectifica'tum, Oleum 
pini puris'simum, Rectified oil of turpentine, Ole- 
um terebin'thina athe'reum, Sp. of turpentine. 
Common oil of turpentine is also called Common 
oil of Spike, Oleum spica vulga're. (Olei tere- 
binth. Oj ; aquae, Oiv. Distil over the oil.) It is 
stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and rubefacient. 
Dose, 3SS to Jj. 
Guestonian Embrocation for rheumatism con- 
sists of ol. terebinth., ol. oliv. aa acid, sulph. 
dil. 
Oleum Theobromae Cacao Expressum, Butter 
of cacao - o. Tiglii, Croton tiglium. 
Oleum Valeria'?®®, Oil of Vale'rian. The 
distilled oil of the root of Valeriana officinalis.- 
Ph. U. S. 
Oleum Vini, 0. aethereum - o. Vitrioli, Sul- 
phuric acid. 
614 
OLIGOSIALIA 
OLFAC'TION, O7/ac'ti(», from olfacere for 
odefacere (odor, and facere), Osphre'sis, Osphra'- 
sia, Osphre'sia, Osnie'sis, Odora'tio, Odora'tus, 
Sensus osmomet' ricus, Sense of smell, Smelling, (F.) 
Odorat. The sense by which we perceive the 
impressions made on the olfactory nerves by the 
odorous particles suspended in the atmosphere. 
The olfactory nerve or first pair has usually been 
considered the great nerve of smell; and it is 
probably the nerve of special sensibility, general 
sensibility being communicated by the branches 
of the fifth pair, distributed on the pituitary mem- 
brane of the nose and sinuses. 
OLFAC'TORY, Olfacti'vus, Olfacto' rius, Os- 
phran'ticus, Osphrante'rius, Osphre'ticus, from 
olfactus, ' the smell.' That which belongs or re- 
lates to the sense of smell. 
Olfactory Bulb, see Olfactory nerves. 
Olfac'tory Foram'ina, (F.) Trous olfactifs, 
are the holes in the cribriform plate of the eth- 
moid bone, through which the olfactory nerve 
passes. 
Olfactory Lobe, see Olfactory nerves. 
Olfac'tory Nerves, Ethmoid'al nerves, Par 
primum Nervo'rum cer'ebri, Nervi odorato'rii, 
Proves'sus mamilla' res seu Papilla'rum, Processus 
mamillares cer'ebri ad nares, P. papilla'res, Ca- 
run'culce mamilla' res,-the first pai r of encephal'ic 
nerves. This nerve, which probably arises from 
the medulla oblongata, is observed to leave the 
brain, opposite the inner part of the fissure of 
Sylvius, by three roots; which, by their union, 
form a triangular knot or expansion. When it 
reaches the ethmoid fossa it expands and forms 
a triangular ganglion, or grayish, soft bulb,- 
Bulbus olfacto'rius- Olfactory bulb, tubercle, or 
lobe, - which furnishes, from its inferior surface, 
the branches that have to be distributed to the 
nasal fossae. These filaments are very numerous; 
they pass through the foramina in the cribriform 
plate and enter the nasal fossae. They are dis- 
tinguished into the internal, external, and middle. 
The former are distributed over the mucous mem- 
brane, covering the outer paries of the nasal 
fossae; the second descend upon the septurn, and 
the third are lost, almost immediately, on the 
portion of the pituitary membrane that lines the 
vault of the fossae. 
Olfactory Tubercle, see Olfactory nerves. 
OLFACTUS, Olfaction - o. Acutus, Ilyperos- 
phresia - o. Amissio, Anosmia - o. Deficiens, 
Anosmia - o. Depravatus, Parosmia. 
OLIBANUM, see Juniperus lycia-o. Sylves- 
tre, see Pinus abies-o. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
0LIG2EMIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Hypaemia. 
OLIGIDRIA, Ischidrosis. 
OLIGOBLEN'NIA, from oXiyot, 'few,' and 
PXtvva, 'mucus.' A deficiency of mucus. 
OLIGOCIIOL'IA, from oXvyos, 'few,' and 
'bile.' Paucity of bile. 
OLIGOCH'YLUS, from oXiyos, 'little,' and 
X«Xoj, 'juice,' 'chyle.' An epithet for food which 
is but little nutritive; which furnishes little chyle. 
OLIGOCOP'RIA, from oXiyos, 'few,' and 
xoitpos, ' excrement.' Scantiness of alvine evacu- 
ations. 
OLIGODAC'RYA, from oXiyoy, 'little,' and 
baspv, ' a tear.' Paucity of lachrymal secretion. 
OLIGOGALACTIA, Agalactia. 
OLIGOGALIA, Agalaxis. 
OLIGOII2EMIA, Anaemia, Haemaporia, Ily- 
paemia. 
OLIGOPO'SIA. from oXiyo?, 'little,' and roots, 
'drink.' Diminution in the quantity of drinks. 
OLIGOSIA'LIA, from oXiyos, 'little,' and tria. 
Xqv, ' saliva.' Paucity of saliva. OLIGOSPERMIA 
OLIGOSPER'MIA, from oAiyoj, 'little,' and 
rrreppa, ' sperm.' Paucity of spermatic secretion. 
OLIGOSPOND'YLUS, from oXtyos, 'few,' 
' small,' and airovioXos, ' a vertebra.' A monster 
with defective vertebrae. - Gurlt. 
OLIGOTRICH'IA, from oXtyos, 'little,' and 
Spif, ' hair.' Want of hair. Paucity of hair. 
OLIGOTROPII'IA, Par'cior nutrit"io, from 
oXiyof, ' little,' and rpctpto, ' I nourish.' Deficient 
nourishment. 
OLIGURE'SIA, Oligure'sis, Oligowre'tix, Oli- 
goure'tria, from oXtyos, 'little,' and ovpeto, 'I pass 
urine.* Morbidly diminished urinary secretion. 
OLISTHEMA, Luxation. 
OLIVA, Olea Europasa. 
OLIVJE, Corpora olivaria. 
OLIVAIRE CAUTERE, of the French sur- 
geons, is a cautery whose extremity is terminated 
by a button having the shape of an olive. 
OLIVARIS, Olive-shaped. 
OLIVARY, Olive-shaped-o. Bodies, Corpora 
olivaria. 
Ol'ivary Proc"ess, Proces'gus Oliva'ris, is a 
small ridge, running transversely between, and a 
little behind, the roots of the anterior clinoid pro- 
cesses of the sphenoid bone, and by some consi- 
dered as the fourth clinoid process. 
OLIVE, see Olea Europaea- o. Tree, Olea 
Europaea. 
OLIVE-SHAPED, Oliva'r is, Olivifor'mis, Ol'- 
ivary, from oZtoa, 'an olive.' Resembling an 
olive. See Corpora olivaria. 
OLIVES, PICKLED, Colymbades. 
OLIVIER, Olea Europaja. 
OLIVIFORMIS, Olive-shaped. 
OLIVINA, see Olea Europsea. 
OLLA CAPITIS, Cranium. 
OLMITELLO, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
thermal spring in the isle of Ischia. Tempera- 
ture, 100° Fahrenheit. 
OLOPHLYCTIDE, Herpes. 
OLOPHO'NIA, from oXAw, oXXuw, 'I lose,' and 
tytovn, 'voice.' Congenital misconstruction of the 
vocal organs. - Good. 
Olophonia Labii Lobata, Harelip-o. Lin- 
gua™ fraenata, see Ankyloglossum, 
OM'AGRA, Ilom'agra, from topos, < the shoul- 
der,' and aypa, ' a seizure.' Gout in the shoulder. 
OMAL'GIA, from topos, 'the shoulder,' and 
aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the shoulder. 
OMARTHRI'TIS, from topos, 'the shoulder,' 
apdpov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the shoulder-joint. 
OMARTHROC'ACE, from topos, 'shoulder,' 
apOpov, ' a joint,' and kokos, 'bad.' Arthrocace 
of the shoulder-joint. Caries or suppuration of 
the shoulder-joint. 
OMA'SUM, Omasus, Manyplies. The third 
stomach of ruminant animals. 
OMRILIG, Umbilicus. 
OMBILICALE, Umbilical. 
OMRRAGE, Nebula. 
OMENTA. Meninges. 
OMENTESIS, Epiploitis. 
OMENTITIS, Epiploitis. 
OMENTULA, Appendiculae pinguedinosae. 
OMENTUM, Epiploon-o. Colicum, Epiploon, 
colic-■ g. Gastro-colieum, Epiploon, gastro-colic 
-o. Gastro-splenic, Epiploon, gastro-splenic-o. 
Great, Epiploon, gastro-colic - o. Hepato-gastri- 
cum, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic - o. Lesser, Epi- 
ploon, gastrohepatic-o. Majus, Epiploon, gastro- 
colic- o. Minus, Epiploon, gastro-hepatic - o. 
Ossium. Periosteum - o. Third, Epiploon, colic. 
OM1CHESIS, Micturition. 
615 
OMPHALO-MESENTERIC 
OMICHMA, Urine. 
OMI'TIS, from ' the shoulder/ and itie, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation in or about 
the shoulder-joint. 
OMMA, Eye, Vision. 
OMNIPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
OMNIVORE, Omnivorous. 
OMNIV'OROUS, Ontnivoruir, Omniph'ague, 
Pantoph'agus, (F.) Omnivore, from omnie, 'all,' 
and voro, 'I eat.' An epithet for animals - Pan- 
tophagiste-which eat every kind of food, animal 
or vegetable. 
OMO. In composition, an abridgment of omo« 
or omue, the humerus. 
OMO-CLAVICULAR, see Coraco-clavicular. 
OMOCOTYLE, see Glene. 
OMO-HYOIDEUS, Cor'aco-hyoideue, Scapulo- 
hyoidien, Omo-hyo'idien, Omoplat-hyo'idien, Hyo- 
idis Quartiis Mug'culus. This muscle is situate 
obliquely at the sides and front of the neck. It 
is slender, long, and flat. It arises from the su- 
perior costa of the scapula, near the seini-lunar 
notch, and from the ligament that runs across it, 
and is inserted at the sides of the inferior margin 
of the body of the os hyoides. It consists of two 
fasciculi, united by a common tendon, and is a true 
digastric muscle. It depresses the os hyoides, 
carrying it a little backwards, and to one side, 
except when it acts with its fellow, when the bone 
is depressed, and drawn obliquely backwards. 
OMOPHAG"IA, Omosit'ia, from wpof, 'raw,' 
and ipayw, 'I eat.' Fondness for raw food. Eat- 
ing of raw food. 
OMOPLATE, Scapula - o. Col del', Collum 
scapulae. 
0)1 OPLA T-HYOIDIEN, Omo-hyoideus. 
OMOS, Crude, Humerus. 
OMOSITIA, Omophagia. 
OMOTAR'ICHOS, from (uyog, 'the shoulder/ 
and Tapiyos, 'pickled.' SaUamen'tum erudum; 
Salted Tunny Fieh, in particular. Properly, the 
neck or shoulder-piece of a salted animal. Once 
much recommended against the bites of vipers, 
and in hydrophobia. 
OMOTES, Crudity. 
OMOTOCIA, Abortion. 
OMOT'RIBES, Omphac"inum O'leum, from 
'crude/ andrp</3o), 'Ibruise.' Oil expressed 
from unripe olives. 
OMPHA'CION, from opupaKot, ' an 
unripe grape;-Succus iiva aeer'bce, Ompha'cium. 
The juice of unripe grapes. Also, Verjuice. 
OMPHACI'TES (VINUM). A name given 
to wine prepared from the unripe grape. Om- 
phaci'tie is also the name of a small gall. - 
Dioscorides. 
OMPHACIUM. Verjuice. 
OMPHACOM'ELI, from opipavo;, 'an unripe 
grape, and p£><, ' honey.' A sort of oxymel, made 
of the juice of unripe grapes and honey. 
OMPHALELCO'SIS, from o/upaXos, 'the navel,' 
and 'cXko$, ' an ulcer.' Ulceration of the navel. 
OMPHALEX'OCHE, Exomphalus. 
OMPHALOCARPUS, Galium aparine. 
OMPHALOCELE, Exomphalos. 
OMPHALOMANTI'A, from ofujiaXos, 'the na* 
vel/ and pavrtia, ' prophecy.' A species of divi- 
nation, practised by credulous matrons, who pre- 
tend to be able to know the number of children 
a female will have, by the number of knots in 
the navel-string of the child. 
OM'PHALO-MESENTER'IC, Omphalo -metien- 
ter'icue, Om'phalo-meeara'icu»; from oyipaXos, 'th# 
navel/ and meeenterium, 'the mesentery.' 
Omphalo-Mesenteric Vessels. Vitel'lo-m*. OMPHALO 
senter'ic, Vit'elline vessels. Haller gave this name 
to two very fine vessels, which spread their rami- 
fications on the parietes of the umbilical vesicle. 
There is an omphalo-mesenteric artery and vein. 
The omphalo-mesenteric artery is a branch of the 
superior mesenteric;-the vein empties itself into 
the trunk, or into one of the branches of the su- 
perior mesenteric. Velpeau affirms, that they 
inosculate with a branch of the second or third 
order of those great vessels, with those in parti- 
cular that are distributed to the caecum, and he 
regards them to be the vessels of nutrition of the 
umbilical vesicle. They are occasionally met 
with in the foetus, at the full period, under the 
form of whitish filaments, which extend from the 
mesenteric vessels to the umbilicus. 
OMPHALO-MESERAIC, Omphalo-mesen- 
teric. 
OMPHALONCUS, Omphalophyma. 
OM PH ALONE URORRHEXIS, Ompha- 
lorrhexis. 
OJIPHALOPHY'MA, Omphaloncus, from 
oy<paXos, ' the navel,' and <pvya, ' tumour.' A tu- 
mefaction of the navel. 
OMPHALOPROPTOSIS, Exomphalus. 
0 M PH AL ORRH AG"IA, Omphalor'rhage, 
from o/40aXoj, ' the umbilicus,' and ' I 
break out.' Hemorrhage from the umbilicus, in 
the new-born in particular. 
OMPHALORRHEX'IS; from oy<pa\os, 'navel,' 
and pijfiy, 'rupture.' Omphaloneurorrhexis. Rup- 
ture of the navel string. 
OMPHALOS, Umbilicus. 
OMPH'ALOSITE, from 'the navel,' 
and airos, ' nourishment.' A monster that pos- 
sesses an imperfect kind of life, which ceases when 
the umbilical cord is divided. 
OMPHALOT'OMY, Omphalotom'ia, from op- 
QaXos, 'the umbilicus,' and rtproi, 'I cut.' The 
division of the navel string. 
OMPHALUS, Umbilicus. 
OMUS, Crude, Humerus. 
ON AGRA, (Enothera biennis. 
ONANIA, Masturbation. 
ONANISM, Masturbation. 
ONCOS, Tumour. 
ONCO'SES, from oy/coj, 'a tumour.' Tumours, 
as diseases. 
ONCOSIS, Intumescence. 
ONCOT'OMY, Oncotom'ia, Onkotomy, from 
oyKos, ' a tumour,' and rupri, ' incision.' The open- 
ing of an abscess with a cutting instrument, or 
the excision of a tumour. 
ONCTION, Inunction. 
ONCUS, Swelling, Tumour. 
ONDULATION, Fluctuation. 
ONEBERRY, Paris. 
ONEIROCRIT'ICUS, Oneiroc'rites, from ovci- 
pos, 'a dream,' and spans, 'judgment.' One who 
judges according to dreams. 
ONEIRODYN'IA, from ovcipos, ' a dream,' and 
o$vv>), * pain.' Painful dreams, /ncubus and 
Somnambulism are oneirodyniae. 
Oneirodynia Activa, Paroniria, Somnambu- 
lism-o. Gravans, Incubus. 
ONEIRODYNIE GRAVATIVE, Incubus. 
ONEIROG'MUS, Oneirog'yne, Oneiropol'esis, 
from ovcipos, ' a dream.' A lascivious dream; 
pollution; nocturnal pollution. 
ONEIROGONORRIICEA, Pollution, noc- 
turnal. 
0NEIR0G0N09, Pollution. 
ONEIROL'OGY, Oneirolog"ia, from ovcipos, 'a 
dream,' and Xoyoc, 'a description.' The doctrine 
of dreams. 
ONEIROMANTI'A, from ovcipos, 'a dream,' 
616 
ONYCHOGRYPHOSIS 
and yavrtia, ' divination.' The art of divining by 
dreams ; or of interpreting dreams. 
ONEIRON'OSUS; from ovctpof, 'a dream,' 
and voaof, 'a disease.' Somnia'tio morbo'sa. 
Morbid, uneasy dreaming. 
ONEIROPOLESIS, Oneirogmus. 
ONERA ALVI, Excrement. 
ONGLADE, Paronychia. 
ONGLE, Nail. 
0 N G L E E, (F.) Digito'rum stupor a gflu. 
Painful numbness at the extremities of the lin- 
gers, caused by cold. 
ONGLET, Pterygion. 
ONGUENT, Unguentum - o. d'Althea, Un- 
guentum de Althrna-o. de Blanc de baleine, Un- 
guentum cetacei - o. Blanc de Rhazes, Unguen- 
tum plumbi subcarbonatis - o. de Cerusse, Un- 
guentum plumbi subcarbonatis-o. Citrin centre 
la gale, Unguentum hydrargyri nitras-o. Diges- 
tif simple, Unguentum digestivum simplex - o. 
Gris, Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri cinereum-o. 
de Guimauve, Unguentum de althaea-o. de Lau- 
rier, Unguentum laurinum - o. Mercuriel, Un- 
guentum hydrargyri-o. Napolitain, Unguentum 
hydrargyri-o. de Nitrate de mercure, Unguen- 
tum hydrargyri nitratis - o. de Poix et de eire, 
Basilicon-o. de Soldat, Martiatum unguentum- 
o. de Bureau, Unguentum sambuci-o. de Torna- 
mira, Unguentum plumbi subcarbonatis. 
ONION, COMMON, Allium cepa - o. Sea, 
Scilla. 
ONIS'CUS, Asel'lus, Ou'tio, Porcel'lio, PorceV- 
lus, Por'cuius, Diminutive of ovos, 'a small ass.' 
A genus of insects very common in cellars and 
dark and moist places. 
Onisci Aselli, Millep'edes, Aselli, Millep'eda, 
Faba, Wood-lice, Slaters, Hog-lice, (F.) Clopor- 
tes ordinaires, had, at one time, a place in the 
pharmacopoeias. They were considered stimulant 
and diuretic, and useful in jaundice. 
ONITIS, Origanum dictamnus. 
ONKOTOMY, Oncotomy. 
ONOLOSAT, Obolus. 
ONOMATOCLESIS, Nomenclature. 
ONOMATO>LOGIA, Nomenclature. 
ONONIS ANTIQUORUM, 0. spinosa. 
Ono'nis Arven'sis, (F.) Bugraue des champs, 
has properties like the next. 
Ononis Spino'sa, Ano'nis, Resta bovis, Arres'ta 
bovis, Rem'ora Ara'tri, Ononis antiquo'rum, Rest 
harrow, (F.) Arrete-boeuf, Bugrande ('pineuse, Bu- 
grane. Nat. Ord. Leguminosae. Sex. Syst. Dia- 
delphia Decandria. The root of this plant was 
once used as a diuretic. 
0N0P0RD0N ACAN'THIUM, Onopor'dum 
acan'thium, Car'duus tomento'sus, Acan'thium, 
Ae'anos, A. spina, Spina alba, Cotton Thistle, 
(F.) Chardon auxAnes. Family, Cinarocephaleae. 
Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia mqualis. The 
expressed juice has been recommended as a cure 
for cancer applied externally. 
0N0P0RDUM ACANTHIUM, Onopordon 
acanthium. 
ONTHUS, Fimus. 
ONYCHAUXE, from ovv%, 'anail,' and 
'increase.' Unusual increase of the size 
and thickness of the nails. 
ONI CHEXALLAX'IS; from owf, 'a nail,' 
and rfaAXafij, ' change.' A morbid condition of 
the nails. 
ONYCHIA, Paronychia. 
ONYCHI'TIS; from ovuf, 'nail,'and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of a nail. 
ONYCHOC'LASIS; from bvv£, 'a nail,' and 
sXac-i;, 'fracture.' Fracture of a nail.' 
ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS, Onychogryphosis. 
ONYCHOGRYPHO'SIS, Onychogrypo'eie, ONYCHONOSI 
Onychogrypto'sis, Onychocrypto'sis, Gripho'sis, 
Grypho' sis, Onyx'is, from ovtif, ' the nail,' and 
gryposis, ' crookedness.' Curvature of the nails ; 
sueh as occurs in hectic individuals. Also, grow- 
ing in of the nails; Incarna'tio seu Adunca'tio 
Beu Arctu'ra un'guium. 
ONYCIION'OSI, Onychonu'si, from ovv%, 'a 
nail,' and voaos, 'a disease.' Disease of the nails. 
ONYCHOPH'THORA, Onychophtho'ria, Ony- 
coph'thora, Onycophtho'ria, from ovvf, 'the nail,' 
and <j>3opa, ' degeneration.' A degenerate condi- 
tion or destruction of the nails. 
ONYCHOPHY'MA, from ow(, 'the nail,' anc 
Qvpa, ' a tumour.' A painful degeneration of the 
nails, which become thick, rough, and crooked 
It occurs as a symptom of syphilis and of lepra 
ONYCHOPTO'SIS, Piptonyc'hia, Dice'res v 
Un'gnice, from ovv|, 'a nail,' and irrwcis, 'falling. 
The falling off of the nails. 
ONYCOPHTHORA, Onychophthora. 
ONYX, Hook, blunt, Nail, Pterygion. Also, a 
collection of purulent matter between the laminae 
of the cornea, having the shape of a nail. 
ONYXIS, Onychogryphosis. 
ONYXITIS, see Paronychia. 
OOCYESIS, Pregnancy, ovarian. 
OODEOCELE, see Hernia (foraminis ovalis.) 
OODES, Aqueous humour, Oval. 
OOG'ALA, Oog'la, Ogla, Puls ex Ovis et Lacte. 
Milk of eggs. A preparation of eggs and milk. 
OOGLA, Oogala. 
OOIDES, Aqueous humour, Oval. 
OOLEMMA PELLUCIDUM, Zona pellucida. 
OOLOG"IA, Ovolog"ia, Ovol'ogy, from uiov, 
'an ovum or egg,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse,' 'a 
description.' A description of the ovum. 
OON, Ovum. 
OONINE, Albumen. 
OOPHORAUXE, Oarioparectama. 
OOPHORITIS, Ooritis. 
OOPHORON, Ovary. 
OORITIS, Oaritis. 
OPAC"ITY, Opac"itas, Opa'cousness; from 
opacare, ' to obscure.' Quality of that which is 
opake. The property possessed by some bodies 
of not allowing the light to traverse them. It is 
opposed to transparency. Opacity of the cornea 
constitutes albugo or leucoma ; - opacity of the 
crystalline causes cataract. 
OPAKE', Opa'cus, Opa'cous. An epithet given 
to bodies, which do not permit the passage of 
rays of light. The opake cornea is the sclerotica, 
in contradistinction to the transparent cornea or 
true cornea. 
OP'ALINE. That which resembles the opal. 
A fluid is said to be opaline, when milky, and 
when it presents an appearance more or less like 
that of the opal. 
OPERATIO, Action, Operation - o. Chirur- 
gica, see Operation - o. Chy mica seu pharma- 
ceutica, Operation, chymical, &c. - o. Simplex, 
Haplotomia. 
OPERA'TION, Opera'tio, from opus, operis, 
' work.' The application of instruments to the 
human body with the view of curing disease. 
The object of an operation, opera'tio chirur'gica, 
is generally to divide or reunite parts, to extract 
extraneous or noxious bodies, and to replace or- 
gans that are wanting, by different instruments 
or artificial means. The principal operatory me- 
thods have been called Synthesis, Diceresis, Exte- 
resis, and Prothesis. Frequently, the most diffi- 
cult subject connected with an operation is to 
decide when it is absolutely called for or advisa- 
ble, and when improper. 
OPERATION A LAMBEAU, see Flap. 
617 
OPHTHALMIA 
Operation, Bilateral, see Lithotomy-o. Ct- 
sarienne, Caesarean section. 
Operation, Chym'ical or Pharmaceu'tical, 
Opera'tio chym'ica seu pharmaceu'tica, is any 
process whose object is the preparation of medi- 
cines ; their combinations with each other, ana- 
lysis, and decomposition; - such are, solution, 
distillation, sublimation, evaporation, digestion, 
maceration, infusion, decoction, calcination, &c. 
Some of these operations are mechanical; others, 
really chymical. 
Operation, High, see Lithotomy-o. Lateral, 
see Lithotomy-o. Sigaultian, Symphyseotomy. 
OP'ERATOR. A surgeon who is in the habit 
of practising the greater operations. One who 
performs any operation. To be a good operator, 
the surgeon must be well acquainted with ana- 
tomy, and be possessed of strong nerve. See 
Surgeon. 
OPER'CULUM, Operto'rium, Operimen'tum, 
from operire, 'to cover.' A cover or lid. In 
fishes, the gill cover. 
Operculum Aspera: Arteria:, Larynx - o. 
Cutis, Epidermis-o. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of-o. 
Laryngis, Epiglottis-o. Oeuli, Palpebra. 
Operculum Papilla'rum. A shield for the 
nipple. 
OPERIMENTUM, Operculum - o. Intestino- 
ruin, Epiploon-o. Praetensum abdominis, Peri- 
tonaeum. 
OPERTORIUM, Operculum. 
OPHELIA CHIRATA, Gentiana chirayta. 
OPHIASIS, Calvities, Porrigo decalvans. 
OPHIOGLOS'SUM VULGA'TUM, O.ora'tum 
seu echinogios' sum, Lingua serpenta'ria, Adder's 
Tongue, (F.) Langue de Serpent. Family, Fili- 
coideae. Sex. Syst. Cryptogamia. This plant was 
formerly considered to be vulnerary. 
OPHIOPH'AGUS, from oi/ns, 'a serpent,' and 
0ayw, 'I eat.' An epithet for animals which feed 
on serpents. Pliny has called certain African 
tribes by this name. 
OPHIORRHI'ZA, 0. mungos, from o<fas, 'a 
serpent,' and pfa, 'root.' Family, Gentianeae. 
/S'ea:. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The name of 
the plant whose root has been called Radix Ser- 
pen'tum, Mungos Radix. The bitter root is much 
esteemed in Java, Sumatra, Ac., for preventing 
the effects that usually follow the bite of the 
naja, a venomous serpent; with which view it is 
eaten by the natives. It is, also, a reputed an- 
thelmintic. 
OPHIOXYLON, Ophioxylum. 
OPHIOX'YLUM, from otyis, 'a serpent,' and 
ZvXov, 'wood.' Ophioxylum seu Ophioxylon ser- 
penti'num seu trifolia'tum, Acawe'ria, Lignum 
serpentum, has been recommended in the bites of 
serpents, and in intermittents. It is said to be 
very bitter. 
OPH1S, Serpent. 
OPHI'TES, from 'a serpent.' Serpenti'- 
nus, Ser'pentine or Rlacjc Por'phyry. This rock 
was formerly worn as an amulet, to cure diseases 
of the head. 
OPHROSTAPHYLON, Bryonia alba. 
OPHRYS, Supercilium. 
OPHTIIALMAL'GIA, from oj&ahpot, 'the 
eye,' and dhyos, 'pain.' Pain in the eye. Neu- 
ralgia of the eye. 
OPHTHALMEMPASMA Collyrium siceum. 
OPIITHAL'MIA, Ophthalnd'iis, from 
' the eye.' Oeulo'rvm inflanma'tio, Canma oph- 
thalmi'tis. Ophthalmopo'nia, Inflamma'tion of the 
Eye, Ophthalmy, (F.) Ophthalmie, Ophthalmite, 
Inflammation de I'oeil, Catarrhs oculaire. Three 
great varieties of ophthalmia, independently of 
the acute and chronic (which conditions occur in OPHTHALMIA 
all inflammations,) may be reckoned:-the Oph- 
thalmia membranarum, 0. purulenta, and 0. tarsi. 
The first is characterized by the general symp- 
toms of ophthalmia; - pain and redness of the 
eye or its appendages; with intolerance of light, 
and unusual flow of tears; the inflammation being 
seated chiefly in the coats of the eyeball. It is 
the Ilymenophthal'mia, Ophthalmia tarax'is, Con- 
junctivitis, Inflamma'tio conjunctiva, Symphy- 
meni'tis, Syndesmi'tis, Catarr'hal ophthalmia, 
Ophthalmo-conjunctivitis, 0. hu'mida, 0. vera, 
Epiph'ora (Galen), Conjunctival Ophthal'mia, 
Tarax'is (Paulus of JEgina), Chemo'sis (Aetius,) 
0. Chemosis, Lach'rymose Ophthalmia, (F.) Con- 
jonctivite, Inflammation de la conjunctive. In the 
second,- Ophthalmia purulen'ta, 0. puriform'is, 
Blennophthalmia, Bleph'aroblennorrhoe'a, Oph- 
thalmoblennorrhoea, Blennorrhcea oc'uli - the in- 
ternal surface of the palpebrae associates in the 
inflammation of the eye-ball; and there is a co- 
pious secretion of a purulent fluid. An epidemic 
and contagious(?) variety of this is the 
Ophthalmia, Ophthalmia epidem'ica, 0. purulen'ta 
epidem'ica, 0. contagio'sa, 0. Catarrha'lis bel'- 
lica, Lcemophthal'mia, 0. bel'lica, 0. Asiat'ica, 
Blennorrhoe'a Octdi Conjunctive tie 
puro-muco'sa contagio'sa vel jEgyptiaca, Blepha- 
ro'tis glandula'ris contagio'sa, Adenitis palpe- 
bra'rum contagiosa, 0. purulenta contagio'sa, 
Conjunctive tit puro-muco'sa contagio'sa, Sup'pu- 
rative ophthalmia, Epidemic contagious ophthal'- 
mia- called Egyptian, from its prevalence in 
Egypt during the British Expedition under Sir 
Ralph Abercrombie. The inflammation is rapid 
and destructive; granulations shoot from the tu- 
nica conjunctiva, and occasionally there is intole- 
618 
OPHTIIALMIATROTECHNICA 
rable pain, often succeeded by delirium. In new- 
born children, a species of purulent ophthalmia, 
0. purulen'ta infan'tum, 0. Neonato'rum, Blepha- 
rophthalmia neonato'rum, Lippitu'do neonato'rum, 
Blennorrhoe'a Oc'uli neonato'rum, Ophthal'mo- 
blennorrhee'a neonato'rum, Blepharo-blennorrhbe'a 
neonato'rum, Blepharo-pyorrhoea neonato'rum, 
Pyophthalmia neonato'rum, P cor ophthalmia neo- 
nato'rum, (F.) Ophthalmic puriforme des nouveau- 
nes, in which the palpebrae are florid and pecu- 
liarly tumid, is by no means uncommon. It 
seems to be caused by acrid discharges from the 
mother, applied to the eye of the infant during 
its exit; or to the stimulus of the light, when the 
child first opens its eyes. A severe form of pu- 
rulent ophthalmia - Hyperconjonctivite (Piorry) 
- is produced by the application of gonorrhoeal 
matter to the eye. It is the Ophthalmia gonor- 
rho'ica, Blennorrhoe'a oculi gonorrho'ica, Con- 
junctivi'tis blennorrhag"ica, C. gonorrho' ica, Go- 
norrhoe'al Ophthal'mia, (F.) Ophthalmie blennor- 
rhagique, Conjonctivite blennorrhagique. 
Ophthalmia is likewise modified by the condi- 
tion of the constitution, and hence we have stru- 
mous, variolous, and other inflammations of th* 
conjunctiva. 
The third variety - the Ophthalmia Tarsi, 0, 
glutino'sa, Blepharophthal'mia, Blepharotis, Ble- 
pharoti'tis, Blepharitis, Blepharadeni'tis, Pso- 
rophthal'mia, Oc'uli palpebra'rum sca'bies pruri- 
gino'sa, Adenophthalmia-is seated chiefly in the 
tarsus; the sebaceous crypts secreting a viscid 
and aerid fluid, that glues and ulcerates its edges, 
and irritates the eye. 
The different forms of inflammation of the con- 
junctiva are thus classed by M. Desmarres : 
1. Pure or phlegmonous. 
2. Pustular. 
' Contagious. 
Non-contagious. 
Miasmatic. 
Conjunctivitis.... 
3. Granular or catarrhal. 
Erysipelatous. 
Variolous. 
Morbillous. 
Scarlatinous. 
Exanthematic 
4. Purulent 
Of new-born infants. 
Gonorrhoeal. 
Egyptian. 
Conjunctivitis, when slight, requires little treat- 
ment : the antiphlogistic regimen-and, particu- 
larly, avoiding exposure to light,-being all that 
is necessary. When more severe, along with 
this, general and local blood-letting, especially 
by leeches to the side of the septum narium, 
must be employed so as to make a decided im- 
pression on the system; with nauseating doses 
of antimony, purgatives, blisters (at some dis- 
tance from the organ), refrigerants ; and astrin- 
gents, cold or warm, according to circumstances, 
to the eye. In Purulent Ophthalmy, these mea- 
sures must be still more actively employed, other- 
wise disorganization will speedily follow : - the 
granulations, which form on the adnata of the 
eyelids may be removed with the scissors, and 
tbe sore be touched with a solution of alum. 
Ophthalmia Tarsi must be treated on general 
principles, when severe. It usually, however, 
requires merely the antiphlogistic regimen, with 
the occasional use, especially at night, of a 
slightly stimulating ointment, such as the ungu- 
entum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi, considerably re- 
duced with lard. The ointment prevents the 
eyelids from being glued together during the 
night, and thus obviates the irritation caused by 
•ttempts at separating them. 
Ophthalmia, JSgyptian, see Ophthalmia - o. 
Asiatica. see Ophthalmia -o. Bellica, see Oph- 
thalmia- o. Biliosa, Ophthalmocholosis-o. Ca- 
tarrhal, see Ophthalmia - o. Catarrhalis bellica, 
see Ophthalmia-o. Chronica, Lippitudo-o. Con- 
junctival, see Ophthalmia - o. Contagiosa, see 
Ophthalmia-o. Epidemica, see Ophthalmia-o. 
Glutinosa, see Ophthalmia - o. Gonorrhoica, see 
Ophthalmia - o. Gonorrhoeal, see Ophthalmia-• 
o. Humida, see Ophthalmia-o. Lachrymose, see 
Ophthalmia - o. Membranarum, see Ophthalmia 
- o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia - o. Phlycte- 
nular, see Ophthalmia-o. Puriformis, see Oph- 
thalmia-o. Purulenta, see Ophthalmia-o. Puru- 
lenta contagiosa, see Ophthalmia - o. Purulenta 
epidemica, see Ophthalmia - o. Purulenta infan- 
tum, see Ophthalmia-o. Rheumatic, Sclerotitis 
- o. Sicca, Xerophthalmia - o. Suppurative, see 
Ophthalmia - o. Taraxis, see Ophthalmia - o. 
Tarsi, see Ophthalmia - o. Ulcerosa, Helcoph- 
thalmia-o. Varicose, Cirsophthalmia-o. Vera, 
see Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMIATER, Oculist. 
0 P H T HALMIATRI 'A, Ophthalmiatrotech'. 
nica, Ophthalmotherapi'a ; from o<p9aXyos, 'the 
eye,' and larpos, 'a physician.' Tbe art of the 
oculist. Treatment of diseases of the eye. 
0 P H T HALM IATROTECHNICA, Ophthal- 
miatria. OPHTHALMIC 
OPIITIIAL'MIC, Ophthal'micus, from ofytiaX- 
pii, ' the eye.' That which relates or belongs to 
the eye. 
Ophthalmic Artery, A. orbitaire, (Ch.) arises 
from the internal carotid, and issues from the 
cranium by the foramen opticum. At first, it is 
situate at the outer and lower side of the optic 
nerve, but ascends above this nerve, and passes 
towards the inner angle of the orbit. It fur- 
nishes, in its course, the lachrymal, centralis re- 
tina, infra-orbitars, ciliaries, anterior ciliaries, 
inferior and superior musculars, anterior and 
posterior ethmoidals, and superior and inferior 
palpcbrals. After having given off these, it di- 
vides into two branches - the frontal and nasal, 
which furnish a number of ramifications, - some 
superficial, others deep-seated. 
Ophthal'mic Gang'lion, Lentic'ular G., Cil'- 
iary ganglion, G. orbitaire (Ch.), is one of the 
smallest ganglions of the body, and formed by the 
6th and 3d pairs of encephalic nerves. It is situate 
at the outer side of the optic nerve near the bot- 
tom of the orbit; is irregularly quadrilateral and 
flat: its colour of a reddish gray. Behind, it 
communicates by its posterior angles-by means 
of nervous filaments-with the nasal nerve of the 
ophthalmic and the motor oculi. Each of its an- 
terior angles furnishes a fasciculus of small nerves. 
These are the ciliary nerves. 
Ophthalmic Nerve, Ophthalmic Nerve of 
Willis, Or'bito-frbntal, (Ch.) is the smallest and 
first of the three branches given off by the 5th 
pair. It proceeds along the external paries of 
the cavernous sinus, and enters the orbit by the 
sphenoidal fissure. It divides into three branches: 
one, external-the lachrymal nerve; another, su- 
perior - frontal nerve; and the last, internal - 
the nasal nerve. See Lachrymal, Frontal, Nasal. 
Ophthalmic or Optic Remedy, Ophthal'micum 
sea Op'ticum, (F.) Topique ophthalmique, is a 
medicine employed in ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmic Sinus, see Cavernous Sinus. 
Ophthalmic Vein has the same arrangement 
as the artery, which it accompanies in all its 
divisions. It issues from the orbit at the inner 
part of the sphenoidal fissure, and discharges its 
blood into the cavernous sinus. 
The name Facial Ophthalmic has been given 
to the branch by which the facial vein communi- 
cates with the ophthalmic. 
OPHTIIALMICA, Euphrasia officinalis. 
OPHTHALMICI EXTERNI, Motores oculo- 
rum. 
OPHTHALMICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
OPHTHALMIDIUM, Microph th almus. 
OPHTHALMIE PURIFORME DES NOU- 
VEAU-N/CS, see Ophthalmia - o. Blennorrha- 
giqne, see Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMITE, Ophthalmia. 
OPIITHALMI'TIS, Ophthalmia. This term is 
occasionally restricted to inflammation of the 
globe of the eye, in which, both the external and 
internal structures are involved. 
OPHTHALMIUM, Microphthalmus. 
OPHTIIALMO-BLENNORRHtEA, Ophthal- 
mia (purulent)-o. Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia 
(purulenta infantum.) 
OPHTHALMO-CARCINO'MA, from o0aXpOS, 
'the eye,' and KapKivinpa, ' cancer.' Cancer of the 
eye. 
OPHTHALMOCELE, Exophthalmia. 
0PHTHALMOCHOLO'SIS, from o<p5a\po;, 
'the eye,' and 'bile;' Ophthal'mia bilio'sa. 
Ophthalmia from biliary excitement. 
OPHTHALMOClIROfTES, see Choroidea tu- 
nica. 
619 
OPHTHALMOTOMY 
OPHTHALMO-CONJUNCTIVTTIS, see Oph- 
thalmia. 
OPHTHALMODULI'A, from 'the 
eye,' and SovXeia, ' servitude.' Eye-serviee. The 
title of a hook by Bartisch on diseases of the eye. 
OPHTHALMODYN'IA, from ' the 
eye,' and oivvri, 'pain,' especially rheumatic pain 
of the eye. Plenck has given this name to neu- 
ralgia of the frontal nerve, in which the pain 
radiates particularly towards the bottom of the 
orbit. See Neuralgia, Frontal. 
Ophthalmodynia Periodica, Neuralgia, fa- 
cial. 
OPHTHALMCEDE'MA; from otpSaXyos, 'the 
eye,' and oiSrjya, 'oedema.' (Edema of the con- 
junctiva. 
OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, from ofdaXyos, 'the 
eye,' and ypaipr), ' a description.' The part of ana- 
tomy which gives a description of the eye. An 
anatomical description of the eye. 
OPHTHALMOL'OGY, Ophthalmolog" ia, Oph- 
thalmotol'ogy, (F.) Oculistique, from o<p3aXyos, 
'the eye,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The part of 
anatomy which treats of the eye. An anatomical 
treatise on the eye. A description of the eye in 
health and disease. 
OPHTHALMOM'ETER, from 0<p3aXyoS, 'the 
eye,' and yeryov, 'measure.' An instrument of 
the nature of compasses, invented by F. Petit, 
for measuring the capacity of the anterior and 
posterior chambers of the eye in anatomical ex- 
periments. 
OPHTHALMOMYi'TIS, Ophthalmomyosi'tis, 
from o<f>SaX/ios, 'the eye,' yv;, 'a muscle,' and iti's, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
muscles of the eye. 
OPHTHALMOPARALYSIS, Ophthalmople- 
gia. 
OPHTHALMOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from o<p$aX- 
y«s, 'the eye,' 'a vein,' and royrj, 'inci- 
sion.' Bleeding from the vessels of the con- 
junctiva. 
OPHTHALMOPHTHAR'SIS, Ophthalmoph- 
thi'eis, from 'the eye,' and </>0aptns, 'cor- 
ruption.' Destruction of the eyeball. 
OPHTHALMOPHTHISIS, Ophthalmophthar- 
sis. 
OPHTHALMOPLE'GIA, Ophthalmoparal'y- 
sis, from o</>6aXyos, 'the eye,' and 'I 
strike.' Paralysis of one or more of the muscles 
of the eye. 
OPHTHALMOPONIA, Ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOPTO'SIS, from o</>3aXyoS, 'an 
eye,' and rrwais, ' a prolapse.' A word employed 
by some authors in the sense of exophthalmia, 
by others, in that of hydrophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMORRHAG"IA, from o0aXyoS, 
'the eye,' and poyvvyi, ' I break forth.' Hemor- 
rhage from the tunica conjunctiva. It is rare. 
OPHTHALMOS, Eye. 
OPHTH ALMOSCOP'lA, Ophthalmoscopy, 
from o<p$aXyo$, (the eye,' and aKonw, ' I regard 
attentively.' The art of judging of the temper, 
Ac. of a person by examining his eyes. The art 
of judging of health or disease by inspection of 
the eyes. Exploration of the eyes in order to a 
diagnosis. 
OPHTHALMOSTA'TUM, (F.)Ophthal'mostat, 
from o<f>3aXyof, ' the eye,' and araais, ' station;* 
Spee'ulum Oc'uli. An instrument for fixing the 
eye. 
OPHTHALMOTHERAPIA, Ophthalmiatria. 
OPHTHALMOTOLOGY, Ophthalmology. 
OPHTHALMOT'OMY, Ophthalmotom'ia, from 
'the eye,' and -rtyvw, ' I cut.' The part OPTHALMOXEROSIS 
of anatomy which treats of the dissection of the 
eye. It has, also, been applied to extirpation of 
the eye. 
OPTHALMOXEROSIS, Xerophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMOX'YSIS, from o<p»aXpoS, 'the 
eye,' and (va>, ' I scrape.' A name given to the 
scarification sometimes practised on the conjunc- 
tiva, in cases of ophthalmia. 
Ophthalmoxyste' rium,Xystrum ophthal'micum. An 
instrument for scraping the eye. Name given to 
a small brush, with barbs like an ear of barley or 
rye, intended to scarify the eyelids in certain 
cases of ophthalmia. 
OPHTHALMUS, Eye. 
OPHTHALMYMENI'TIS, Ophthalmohymeni'- 
tis, from o</i0aA/iof, 'eye,' 'vyi)v, 'membrane,' and 
itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of one 
or more of the membranes of the eye. 
OP I ACE, Opiate. 
OPIACUM, Opiatum. 
OPIANE, Narcotine. 
OPIANUM, Narcotine. 
OPIA T, Opiate - o. Dentifrice, Dentifrice. 
O'PI ATE, Opia'tum, Opia'cum, Papavera'- 
ceum, Meeo'nicum, (F.) Opiat, Opiace.e, from omov, 
(oiroy, 'juice,') 'opium.' A medicine containing 
opium. A medicine that procures sleep. An 
electuary, - formerly, an electuary, which con- 
tained opium. 
O'PIATED, Opia'tus. Impregnated with opi- 
um. Affected by opium. 
OPIATUM FEBRIF'UGUM, Electua'rium. 
de Kina Kind; Elec'tuary of Cincho'na. (Pulv. 
cinch. IJxviij, ammon. muriat. mellis, syrup, 
absinth, aa Make into an electuary. Ph. P.) 
Given, when cinchona is indicated. 
Opiatum Mesenter'icum, Electua'rium de 
A'loe, Maria'te Hydrar'gyri, et Ferro. (Gum. 
ammon. senna Jvj, hydrargyri submuriat., 
rad. ari., aloes socotrin. aa £ij, pulv. scammon. 
comp. (vulg. de tribus,) rhej. rad. aa Xiij, ferri 
limatur. porphyrisat. £ss. Bruise and mix to- 
gether, add of compound syrup of apples double 
the weight of the other matters, and make into 
an electuary. Ph. P.) Dose, to gij, in ob- 
structions of the liver, mesentery, &c. 
OPIATES, Opiated. 
OPION, Opium. 
OPISMA, Succus. 
OPIS'TIIENAR, Dorsum mantis, from oniade, 
'backwards,' and Qcvap, 'the flat of the hand.' 
The back of the hand. 
OPISTHOCEPHALON, Occiput. 
OPISTHOCRANIUM, Occiput. 
OPISTHOCYPHOSIS, Cyphoma. 
OPISTHOLOB'IUM, Opisthot'ium, from omaOt, 
'behind,' and Xoftiov, 'the lobe of the ear.' Any 
agent applied behind the ear. 
OPISTIIOTIUM, Opistholobium. 
OPISTIIOT'ONOS, Raptus posterga'nens, Tet'- 
anus dorsa'lis, T. posti'cus, T. posterga'neus, from 
omaSi, 'backwards,' and rctvoi, 'I stretch.' A 
species of tetanus, in which the body is bent 
backwards. 
OPIUM, see Papaver-o. Colatum, Extractum 
opii - o. Depuratum, Extractum opii-o. Eaters, 
Theriaki. 
OPOBALSAMUM, see Amyris opobalsamum. 
OPOCARPASON, Carpasium (juice.) 
OPODELDOC, Opodeldoch. 
OPODEL'DOCH, Opodel'toch, Opodeldoc. An 
unmeaning term, frequently used by Paracelsus. 
Formerly, it signified a plaster for all external 
injuries; now, it is applied to the Linimentum 
fiaponis Compositum. 
620 
OPSIONUSI 
Opodeldocs, Steer's. A liniment, called after 
the inventor. There are many formulae for its 
preparation. The following is one. Sap. alb. tbj, 
camphor ol. rorismarini fgiv, spiritus vini 
rectificati Oij. See Linimentum Saponis Compo- 
situm. 
OPODYMUS, Diprosopus. 
OPOPIOS, Optic. 
OPOPONACUM, Pastinaca opoponax. 
OPOPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
OPOPONAXWORT, Pastinaca opoponax. 
OPO'RICE, from orwpa, 'autumnal fruits.' A 
medicine, composed of several autumnal fruits, 
particularly of quinces, pomegranates, Ac. and 
wine. It was formerly administered in dysen- 
tery, diseases of the stomach, Ac. 
OPOS, Succus expressus - o. Silphion, Laser- 
pitinm. 
OPPIDULUM, Vulva. 
OPPILATIO, Emphraxis - o. Telae Cellulosae, 
Induration of the cellular tissue. 
OPPILATIVUS, Obstruens. 
OPPO'NENS,(F.) Opposant,from ob,andponere, 
'to place.' That which faces or is put in opposi- 
tion to something. The name has been given to 
two muscles of the hand. 
Opponens Min'imi Dig"iti, Carpo-metacarpien 
du petit doigt (Ch.), Metacarpien du petit doigt, 
(F.) Opposant du petit doigt. This muscle has 
the same shape and arrangement as the preceding, 
but is of less size. It is situate in the hypothe- 
nar eminence. Its fibres are inserted into the 
anterior annular ligament of the carpus, and ter- 
minate on the whole length of the inner edge of 
the 5th metacarpal bone. This muscle carries 
the 5th metacarpal bone forwards and outwards, 
and thus augments the concavity of the palm of 
the hand. 
Opponens Pol'licis, Flexor ossis metacar'pi 
pollicis, Opponens pollicis mantis, Flexor primi 
inferno'dii (Douglass,) Antith'enar sive semi-in- 
terosseus pollicis, (F.) Oarpo -metacarpien du 
ponce (Ch.) Metacarpien du pouce, Opposant du 
Pouce. A small, flat, triangular muscle, situate 
in the substance of the thenar eminence. It is 
attached, on the one hand, to the anterior annu- 
lar ligament of the carpus and to the trapezium ; 
and, on the other, to the whole of the outer mar- 
gin of the first metacarpal bone. This muscle 
impresses on the first bone of the metacarpus a 
movement of rotation, which opposes the thumb 
to the other fingers. 
OPPOSANT, Opponens - o. du Petit doigt, 
Opponens minimi digiti-o. du Pouce, Opponens 
pollicis. 
OPPRESSIO, Catalepsy, Oppression - o. Noc- 
turna, Incubus. 
OPPRESSION, Oppres'sio, Thlipsis, Cata- 
thlips'is, from opprimere (pb, and premere, pres- 
sum,) 'to press against.' A state, in which the 
patient experiences a sensation of weight in the 
part affected. When employed abstractedly, it 
means, particularly, Oppression of the chest - 
Opprcssio Pec'toris, (F.) 0. de Poitrine. 
Oppression, Oppres'sio vir'ium, (F.) Oppres- 
sion des forces, is, also, used for that condition, at 
the commencement of fevers, Ac., in which the 
system is oppressed rather than debilitated, and 
where the vascular action rises, as the obstruc- 
tion to free circulation is relieved by bleeding, 
purging, Ac. 
OPS, Eye. 
OPSEONUSI, Opsionusi. 
OPSIALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
OPSIONU'SI, Opseonu'si, from 'vision,* 
and vovaos, ' a disease;' Morbi visits. Diseases 
of vision. OPSIOTOCIA 
OPSIOTOC'IA, from ' too late,' and tokos, 
'birth;' Partus sero'tinus. Parturition after the 
usual period. See Pregnancy. 
OPSIS, Pupil, Vision. 
OPSOMA'NIAC, Opsom'anes, (F.) Opsomane, 
from o -or, 'aliment,' and pavia. One who loves 
some particular aliment to madness. 
OPTESIS, Assatio. 
OPTIC, Op'ticus, Opo'pios, from oirropai, 'I 
see.' That which relates to vision. 
OPTIC CENTRE, Centrum op'tieum. The 
optic centre of the crystalline is the point at 
which the various rays proceeding from an object 
cross in their way to the retina. 
Optic Commissure, see Chiasmus. 
Optic Foramen, Eora'men op'tieum, (F.) Trou 
optique. A round opening in the sphenoid bone, 
near the base of its lesser ala, through which the 
optic nerve passes. 
Optic Ganglia, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
Optic Groove. A transverse groove on the su- 
perior surface of the sphenoid bone, on which the 
commissure of the optic nerve rests, and -which is 
continuous on each side with the optic foramen. 
Optic Lobes, Quadrigemina tubercula. 
Optic Nerve, Nervus op'ticus, Par secun'dum 
seu op'tieum seu trito'rtum, Nerve of the 2d pair, 
Nervus visi'vus seu viso'rius, Ocular nerve of 
Chaussier. The optic nerves are remarkable for 
their size; for their running a longer course 
within than without, the cranium; and for their 
furnishing no branch from their origin to their 
termination. They do not seem to arise, as was 
long supposed, from the optic thalami, but from 
the tubercula quadrigemina. Immediately after 
their origin the optic tracts, Tractus op'ticus, pro- 
ceed forwards; are, at first, broad and flat; but 
afterwards become narrower and round. In front 
of the fossa pituitaria, they unite and decussate, 
each nerve proceeding through the optic foramen 
with the ophthalmic artery. The nerve passes 
to the back part of the globe of the eye, becomes 
narrower, and enters that organ to give rise to the 
nervous expansion called the retina. Besides its 
neurilemma, the optic nerve is surrounded by a 
sheath, furnished by the dura mater. This ac- 
companies it as far as the eye. 
The optic nerve is the nerve of special sensi- 
bility of the eye. 
Optic Remedy, see Ophthalmic remedy. 
Optic Thalami, Thalami nervorum opticorum 
-o. Tracts, see Optic nerve. 
OPT ICO- TROCHLEI-SCLEROTICIEN, 
Oblique, superior of the eye. 
OPTICUM, Ophthalmic remedy. 
OPTILOS, Eye. 
OPTOM'ETER, from orrofiai, 'I see,' and 
/xtrpov, ' a measure.' An instrument for measuring 
the distance of distinct vision. 
OPUNTIA, Cactus opuntia. 
OR, Gold-o. Cyanure, d', see Gold-o. Divise, 
see Gold-o. Hydrochlorate d', see Gold-o. lodure 
d', see Gold - o. Nitromuriate d', see Gold - o. 
Oxide d', see Gold-o et de Sodium, chlorure d', 
see Gold - o. et de Soude, Hydrochlorate d', see 
Gold - o. et de Soude, Muriate d,' see Gold. 
ORA SERRATA, see Ciliary (Body.) 
ORACH, STINKING, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
ORAL, (F.) Oral, Vocal, from os, oris, 'a 
mouth.' Relating to the mouth or to speech. 
ORANGE, FLOWERS OF THE, see Citrus 
aurantium - o. Root, Hydrastis Canadensis - o. 
Tree, Citrus aurantium. 
ORANGEADE. A drink, made with orange 
juice diluted with water. It is antiphlogistic, 
and often recommended in acute diseases. 
ORANGES, see Citrus aurantium - o. Curas- 
soa, Aurantia curassaventia. 
621 
ORBIT 
ORBES CARTILAGINOSI TRACIIEJE, see 
Trachea. 
OBICULAIRE DES LEVRES, Orbicularis 
oris-o. des Paupiires, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
ORBIC'ULAR, Orbicula'ris, from orbis, 'a 
circle.' Spherical, circular. 
Orbicular Bone, Os orbicula're seu lenticu- 
la're seu Sylvii seu orbicula're Syl'vii, Glob'ulus 
stop'edis ossis, Epiph'ysis cruris longio'ris in'cu- 
dis, Ossic'ulum orbicula're seu squamo'sum seu 
cochleare seu quartum, is the smallest of the four 
bones of the ear. It is scarcely perceptible, round, 
convex on two surfaces, and situate between the 
long ramus of the incus and the head of the 
stapes. 
Orbicular Muscles are muscles with circular 
fibres surrounding some natural opening of the 
body. 1. Orbicida' ris Oris, Sphincter Labio'rum, 
Semi vel Demi-orbicula'ris, Supra-semi-orbicula'- 
ris, Constric'tor Oris, Labia'lis, Osculato'rius, 
Basia'tor, (F.) Labial, Orbiculaire des livres. A 
muscle situate in the substance of the lips, and 
extending from one commissure to the other. 
It is formed of two very distinct portions, of a 
semi-oval shape; one belonging to the upper lip, 
the other to the lower. Their extremities cross 
at the commissures, and are confounded with the 
other muscles of the parts. The use of this fleshy 
muscle is to bring the lips together, and to close 
the aperture of the mouth, by making it repre- 
sent a sort of bourrelet with radiated wrinkles. 
It is an antagonist to every other muscle of the 
lips. 2. Orbicularis Palpebra'rum, Orbicularis 
oc'uli, Orbicularis palpebra'rum cilia'ris, Palpe- 
bra'rum duo mus'euli, Maxil'lo-palpebral, Palpe- 
bra'lis, Constrict'or palpebra'rum, Sph incter Pal- 
pebra'rum seu Oculi, (F.) Naso-palpebral (Ch.), 
Palpebral, Orbiculaire des paupiires. A muscle 
common to both the eyelids, and seated in their 
substance. It is broad, thin, transversely oval, 
and cleft in its great diameter. It is attached to 
the nasal process of the superior maxillary bone; 
to the internal angular process of the frontal bone, 
and to the orbitar process of the superior maxil- 
lary bone. From these origins the muscle passes 
outwards, under the skin of the eyelids, surround- 
ing the orbit in a circular manner, extending 
somewhat beyond it, and covering the upper part 
of the cheek. It is inserted into the skin of the 
eyelids, its upper and inner edge being intimately 
connected with the frontal and corrugator mus- 
cles. Its use is to close the eye, by bringing the 
eyelids together. The part of the orbicularis 
which covers the cartilages of the eyelids, and 
which is remarkably thin, is the Musculus Cilia- 
ris of some authors. 
ORBICULARIS OCULI, Orbicularis palpe- 
brarum, see Orbicular muscles - o. Oris, see Or- 
bicular muscles - o. Palpebrarum, see Orbicular 
muscles - o. Palpebrarum ciliaris, see Orbicular 
muscles-o. Recti, Sphincter ani externus. 
ORBICULUS CILIARIS, Ciliary ligament, 
Ciliary zone. 
ORBIS GENU, Patella. 
ORBIT, Or'bita, 0. oc'uli, Troch'ia, Conchus 
seu Cav'itas seu Fo'vea seu Pelvic'ula oc'uli, 
from orbis, 'a circle.' The circular cavities are 
so called, which lodge the organs of sight. The 
orbits or orbitar fossa or cavities, conchi, 
are situate at the upper part of the face, and aie 
composed of seven bones, viz.: - the frontal, 
above: the palate and superior maxillary, below; 
the sphenoid and malar, externally; and the eth- 
moid and lachrymal, internally. The orbit is 
filled by the globe of the eye, with its different 
accessary parts - muscles, nerves, vessels, the 
lachrymal gland, <fcc. Its margin is termed rnargo 
orbita'lis. ORBITA 
ORBIT A, Orbit-o. Ocuii, Orbit. 
ORBITAL FISSURE, INFERIOR, Sphe- 
noidal fissure - o. Fissure, superior, Maxillary 
fissure. 
OR'BITAR, Orbita'rius, Orbita'lis, Or'bital. 
Same etymon. Relating or belonging to the 
orbit. 
Orbitar Apoph'yses or Proc"esses terminate 
the two extremities of the orbitar arch. The ex- 
ternal is much more prominent, and is articulated 
with the cheek-bone ; the internal is thinner, and 
joins the os unguis. 
Orbitar Arch, (F.) Arcade orbitaire, is the 
projecting, round margin, which separates the 
frontal and orbitar surfaces of the os frontis, and 
forms a. part of the circumference of the orbit. 
Or'bitar Fissures, (F.) Fentes orbitaires. 
These are situate in the orbit. They are two in 
number: one superior, the Sphenoidal; the other 
inferior, the Spheno-maxillary. 
Orbitar Foram'ina. Of these there are seve- 
ral:- 1. The Foramen orbitarium supe'rius, (F.) 
Trou orbitaire supirieur, which is situate at the 
junction of the inner third of the orbitar arch 
with its two outer thirds, and gives passage to 
the frontal nerve. 2. The Foram'ina orbita'ria 
inierio'ra vel inter'na, Foram'ina Ethmo'idea. 
These are situate at the upper part of the inter- 
nal paries of the orbit, are formed by the union 
of two notches of the os frontis with two similar 
ones of the ethmoid; and are distinguished into 
anterior and posterior. The former gives passage 
to the ethmoidal filament of the nasal nerve and 
to a small artery. 
Orbitar Nerve, Nervus orbita'lis seu orbita'- 
rius seu subcuta'neus malee, is a branch given off 
from the superior maxillary. It enters the orbit 
by the spheno-maxillary fissure, and divides into 
two filaments; the one - malar - which passes 
over the cheek-bone, is distributed to the orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum, and anastomoses with the fa- 
cial nerve; the other - temporal - which passes 
to the temporal fossae, and anastomoses with the 
inferior maxillary and facial, to become after- 
wards subcutaneous. 
ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLER0 TICIEN, Rectus 
externus ocuii - o. Tutus-Scl&roticien, Rectus in- 
ternus ocuii - o. Maxillo-labial, Levator labii 
superioris proprius - o. Palpebral, Levator pal- 
pebrae superioris-o. Sus-palpebral, Levator pal- 
pebrae superioris. 
ORCANETTE, Anchusa officinalis. 
ORCHALGIA, Orchidalgia. 
ORCHAS, Scrotum. 
ORCHEI'TIS, Oschi'tis, Oschei'tis, Inflamma'- 
tio scroti, from 'the scrotum,' and itis, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
scrotum. 
Orcheitis, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHEOCATABASIS, Orchidocatabasis. 
ORCHEOCELE, Orchiocele. 
ORCIIEOTOMY, Castration. 
ORCHESTROMANIA, Chorea. 
ORCHIDAL'GIA, Orchal'gia, Orchidodyn'ia, 
from opxis, 'a testicle,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain 
of the testicle. Neuralgia of the testicle. Irri- 
table testicle. A form of neuralgia. 
ORCHIDATROPH'IA, Atroph'ia testic'uli, 
from opxitos, ' a testicle,' and atrophia, 
* atrophy.' Atrophy or wasting of the testicles. 
ORCHIDITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHIDOCATAB'ASIS, Orcheocatab'a- 
sis, Descen' sus testiculo' rum, from ' the tes- 
tis,' and saraflaaif, ' descent.' The descent of the 
testes into the scrotum. 
ORCHIDOCELE, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHIDODYNIA, Orchidalgia. 
622 
ORGANISATIO 
ORCHIDONCUS, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHIDOTOMY, Castration. 
ORCHILL, Lichen roccella. 
ORCIIIOCE'LE, Orcheoce'le, from 'the 
testicle,' and *>7X17, ' a rupture.' A tumour of the 
testicle. Scrotal hernia. Hernia humoralis. A 
name given to several diseases of the testicle 
and its envelopes, essentially differing from each 
other. 
Orchioce'le Scirrho'sa, Scirrhoce'le. A ma- 
lignant tumour of the testis. 
ORCHIS, Testicle-0. Butterfly, Orchis bifolia. 
Orchis Mas'cula, Satyr'ion, Male Orchis, Tee- 
tic'ulus cani'nus, Cynosor'chis, Dogs' stones, Male 
Fools' stones, Twinroot. This root has had a place 
in some pharmacopoeias, on account of the glu- 
tinous, slimy juice it contains. The root of the 
Orchis bifolia or Butterfly orchis, has likewise 
been collected. It has been used as a demulcent. 
Its fancied aphrodisiac virtues seem to be owing 
to its resemblance to ' a testicle,' whence 
its name. 
Salep is obtained from this variety of the or- 
chis ; - and from the Orchis niorio, &c. See 
Salep. 
Orchis, Round-leaved, Large, Platanthera 
orbiculata. 
ORCHITE, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHITIS, Hernia humoralis. 
ORCHOI, see Tarsus. 
ORCHOTOMIA, Castration. Also, removal 
of the tarsi. 
ORDEOLUM, Hordeolum. 
ORDEUM, Hordeum. 
ORDINATRES, Menses. 
ORDONNANCE, Formula, Prescription. 
OREILLE D'HOMME, Asarum-o. de Souris, 
Hieracium pilosella. 
OREILLETTE, Asarum, Auricle of the heart. 
OREILLONS, Parotis, Cynanche parotida?a. 
ORELIA GRANDIFLORA, Allamanda. 
ORELLANA, see Terra Orleana. 
OREOSELINUM, Athamanta aureoselinum- 
o. Africanuni, Bubon galbanum - o. Legitimum, 
Athamanta aureoselinum-0. Nigrum, Athamanta 
aureoselinum. 
OREXIS, Appetite, Pyrosis-0. Cynodes, Bou- 
limia. 
ORGAN, Or'ganum, Or'ganon. ' An instru- 
ment.' Part of an organized being, destined to 
exercise some particular function. Thus - the 
eyes are organs of sight; the muscles are or- 
gans of motion, Ac. The collection of organs, 
which concur in any function, is called appa- 
ratus. 
ORGANA GENERATION! INSERVIEN- 
TIA, Genital organs - 0. Sudoripara, see Per- 
spiration. z 
ORGANES GENITAUX, Genital organs. 
ORGAN'IC, Organ'icus. Relating to an organ 
or organs, and to beings possessed of organs. 
Hence, Organic Functions are those possessed 
by both animals and vegetables. It is also used 
synonymously with vital, in contradistinction to 
physical. 
Organic Chemistry, see Chymistry. 
Organic Diseases or Lesions are such as 
concern the organ itself, in contradistinction to 
functional, rat"ional, or dynam'ic, which merely 
concern the function. Of course, organic dis- 
eases of a part are always more serious than 
functional. 
Organic Nervous System, see Trisplanchnic 
nerve. 
ORGANICISM, Organicism'us, from opyavov, 
' an organ.' The doctrine of the localization of 
disease. A modern term, but not much used. 
ORGANISATIO, Organization. ORGANISATUS 
ORGANISATUS, Organized. 
OR'GANISM. Same etymon. The living eco- 
nomy. Many physiologists have used this word 
synonymously with organization ; hut more espe- 
cially to designate the aggregate of vital actions 
in organized beings, animals as well as vegetables. 
The collection of parts composing an organized 
body, and the laws which govern it. 
ORGANIZABIL'ITY, from organisatio, and 
habilis, 'suitable.' Capability of organization or 
of being formed into living tissue. Substances 
possessed of such capability-as fibrin-are said 
to be organizable. 
ORGANIZABLE, see Organizability. 
OR.GANIZA'TION, Organisa'tio, from opyavov, 
'an organ.' The manner of structure proper to 
different beings. It is also employed in the sense 
of the structure of a part; as, the organization 
of the heart, Ac. 
Organization, Compounds of, Principles, im- 
mediate. 
OR'GANIZED, Or'ganis instruc'tus, Organi- 
sa'tus. That which is composed of organs. 
Organized Bodies, (F.) Corps organises, are 
those endowed with life; i. e. animals and vege- 
tables : in contradistinction to inorganic bodies, 
which comprise the mineral kingdom. See Corpus. 
ORGANOCIIEMIA, Chymistry, organic. 
ORGANOG"ENY, Organogen'ia, from opyavov, 
'an organ,' and yzveai$, 'generation.' The doc- 
trine of the formation of different organs. 
OR,GANOGNO'SIA. from opyavov, 'organ,' and 
yvwais, ' knowledge.' The knowledge and discri- 
mination of organized bodies. 
ORGANOG'RAPIIY, Organograph'ia, from 
opyavov, ' an organ,' and ypa<f>n, ' a description.' 
A description of the organs of a living body. 
ORGANOLOGY, Anatomy, Craniology. 
ORGANON OLFACTOS, Nasus. 
ORGANONOM'IA, from opyavov, 'an organ,' 
and vo/jos, ' a law.' The doctrine of the laws of 
organic life. 
ORGANOZOONOMIA, Zoonomia. 
ORGANUM, Instrument. 
ORGASM, Orgas'mus, Orgo'sis, from opyaio, 
'I desire ardently,' 'I am excited.' (Estrua'tion. 
A strong impulse or desire for something. State 
of excitement and turgescence of any organ what- 
ever. Erethism. Applied particularly to the 
height of venereal excitement in sexual inter- 
course. 
ORGASMUS, Turgescence. 
ORGAS'TICA. Same etymon. The second 
order of the class Genetica of Good. Defined: 
diseases affecting the orgasm; organic or consti- 
tutional infirmity disordering the power or the 
desire of procreating. 
ORGE, Rage. 
ORGE, Hordeum - o. Perlt, see Hordeum. 
ORGEAT, Syrupus amygdalae. 
ORGELET, Hordeolum. 
ORGEOLET, Hordeolum. 
ORGOSIS, Orgasm. 
ORICHALCUM, Brass. 
ORICULAR. Auricular. 
ORTCULE, Auricle, Pavilion of the ear. 
ORIFICIUM, Mouth-o. Dextrum Ventriculi, 
Pylorus-o. Uteri, Os uteri-o. Ventriculi Sinis- 
trum, Cardia. 
ORIG'ANUM, Origanum vulga're, Cuni'la bu'- 
bula, Marjora'na mancura'na, 0. heracleot'icum, 
Zazarhen'di herba, Wild marjoram, Common 
marjoram, Mancura'na, (F.) Pied de lit. Family. 
Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. 
This plant resembles marjoram in smell; and has 
a pungent taste, much like thyme. It is aromatic 
623 
OROS 
and stimulant; and its oil possesses the proper- 
ties of the essential oils in general. The oil, 
oleum origani (Ph. U. S.), is very pungent, and 
is rarely given internally. It is used in toothach. 
Origanum Aquaticum, Eupatoriuni cannabi- 
num-o. Creticuin, 0. dictamnus. 
Origanum Dictam'nus, Dictamnus Cret'icw, 
0. Creticum, Amar' acus tomento'eus, Oni'tis, Ditt'- 
any of Crete, (F.) Dictamne de Crite. The leaves 
of this plant were once recommended as emme- 
nagogue and alexipharmic. 
Origanum Heracleoticum, Origanum. 
Origanum Majora'na, Marjora'na, O. majora- 
no'i'des, Majorana, M. horten'sie, Siceet marjoram, 
Samp'sucus, Agriorig'anum, Amar'acus, (F.)Jfar- 
jolaine. Its odour is strong and fragrant; taste 
aromatic and bitterish. Its properties are those 
of a stomachic and errhine. It is chiefly used, 
however, for culinary purposes, and as a snuff in 
headach. 
Origanum Syriacum, Teucrium marum. 
ORIGINAIRE (F.), from origo, 'origin.' This 
term has been used, by French writers, in the 
same sense as congenital. It is particularly ap- 
plied to affections depending upon faulty confor- 
mation, or to faulty conformation itself. 
ORIGO, Arche. 
0RISM0L0GY, Terminology. 
ORLEANA, see Terra Orleana. 
ORME, Appetite. 
ORME, Ulmus. 
ORMSKIRK MEDICINE. A celebrated an- 
tilyssic remedy, supposed to consist of Pule. Ore- 
toe, $ss ; Bol. Armen, giij ; Alumin, gr. x; Pulv. 
Inula, ; 01. Aniei, gtt. vj. 
This is taken for a dose every morning for six 
times, in a glass of water, with a small proportion 
of fresh milk. 
ORNAMENTUM FOLIACEUM, see Tube, 
Fallopian. 
ORNITHOG'ALUM ALTIS'SIMUM. A South 
African plant, Nat. Ord. Asphodelese, the fleshy 
bulb of which is diuretic. An oxymel is prepared 
of it, which is given in catarrh, asthma, phthisis, 
and hydrothorax. It resembles squill in its me- 
dical properties. 
Ornithogalum Maritimum, Scilla-o. Squilla, 
Scilla. 
ORNITHOGLOSSJE, see Fraxinus excelsior. 
ORNUS EUR0P2EA, see Fraxinus ornus-o. 
Mannifera, Fraxinus ornus - o. Rotundifolia, 
Fraxinus ornus - o. Sylvestris, Fraxinus excel- 
sior. 
OROBAN'CHE VIRGINIA'NA, Epifa'gue 
America'nue, E. Virginia'nus, Virgin'ia broom- 
rape, Beech-drops, Cancer-root. Family, Oro- 
banehoidem. This parasitic plant is astringent, 
and a peculiar and extremely nauseous bitter. 
It is most powerful when fresh. It has been 
used in dysentery; and, externally, to obstinate 
ulcers. 
Oroban'che America'na, and 0. Uniflo'ra, 
have the same properties, and are, likewise, called 
Cancer-root, Earth-club, and Clapwort. 
OR OBE, Ervum ervilia. 
0R0BI0N, see Ervum ervilia. 
OROBOI'DES, from opo/?of, 'theorobus,' and 
uios, 'form.' Orobo'des. Having the shape of the 
orobus. A name given to urine, Urina orobo'i les 
seu oroboi'dee, when depositing a substance of a 
fawn colour, like the meal of the orobus. 
OROBUS, Ervum ervilia-o. Faba, Vicia faba. 
0R0NGE, see Agaric. 
OROPHALL'US, from opos, or oppog, 'the 
rump,' and ' the male organ.' A monster 
having a second male organ originating from the 
rump.- Gurlt. 
OROS, Croupion, Serum. ORPIMENT 
-- 
OR'PIMENT, Auripigmen'tum, Orpin, Risi- 
gal'lum, Rissigallum, Cloanx, Elome, Sira, Lemp- 
nias, Spec'ulum cit'rinum, Yrides, Yride. The 
native yellow sulphuret of arsenic. It is poison- 
ous, but less so than the oxide. It is, also, called 
Adarigo, Adarnech, Ahusal, Althanacha, Azarnet. 
The Turks prepare a depilatory with it, which 
they call Rusma. 
ORPIN, Orpiment - o. Brtdant, Sedum - o. 
Grand, Sedum telephium-o. Reprise, Sedum 
telephium. 
ORPINE, Sedum telephium. 
ORRHOCIIEZIA, Diarrhoea, serous. 
ORRHOCYST' IS, from oppoy, 'serum,' and 
zvirri;, 'a bladder? An encysted tumour con- 
taining a serous fluid. 
ORRHOHYMENITIS, Hydrohymenitis. 
ORRIIOPYG'ION. The inferior extremity of 
the vertebral column ; from opoy, ' extremity,' and 
irvyn, 'the nates? The os coccygis. Also, the 
raphe, extending from the penis to the anus, and 
separating the scrotum into two parts. 
ORRHORRHCE'A, from oppoy, 'serum,' and 
psw, ' I flow? A morbidly increased secretion of 
a serous fluid. 
ORRIIOS, Croupion, Serum. 
ORRIS, Iris Fiorentina - o. Common, Iris 
Germanica. 
ORSEILLE, Lichen roccella. 
ORTEIL, Digitus pedis. 
ORTHOCO'LUM, from opdoy, ' straight,' and 
KiaXov, ' limb? Stiffness of the limb, so that it is 
kept quite straight. 
ORTHODO'RON. A measure with the Greeks, 
equal to eleven finger-breadths. 
ORTHOG'NATHOUS, from opBos, 'right, 
straight,' and yvaOos, 'jaw? Having a vertical 
jaw. A term applied to the form of head in 
which the facial angle approaches the right 
angle. 
ORTHOMORPHIA, Orthopaedia. 
ORTHOMORPHOSIS, Orthopaedia. 
ORTHONTROPIA, Orthopaedia. 
0RTH0PA2DI'A,0rtAo/>6B'</fce, Orthomor'phia, 
Orthomorpho' sis, Orthontrop'ia, Orthoped'ics, from 
opdoy, 'right,' and iraty, 'a child? The part of 
medicine whose object is to prevent and correct 
deformity in the bodies of children. Often used, 
however, with a more extensive signification, to 
embrace the correction or prevention of deformi- 
ties at all ages. Orthosomat'ics, Orthosomat'ice, 
from opfloy, 'right,' and amga, 'body,' has teen 
proposed as a preferable term. 
ORTHOPE'DIC, Orthopce' dicue ; same etymon. 
Relating to orthopaedia, - as Orthopedic Institu- 
tion, Institu'turn orthopce'dicum seu orthopce'dium: 
an institution for the correction or prevention of 
deformities in children. 
ORTHOPEDICS, Orthopaedia. 
ORTHOPE' DIST, Ortho'ter, Orthopce'dicus, 
same etymon. One who practises orthopaedia. 
ORTHOPHREN'IC, Orthophren' icus, from 
opfloy, 'right,' and Qpriv, 'mind? Relating to 
sound mind. 
ORTHOPNCE'A, Suffoca'tio, Strangula'tio, 
Prcefoca'tio, Pnix, Pnigmus, Euthyp'noe, Eu- 
thyp'.ce'a, Angor, Apnce'a, from op3oy, 'right,' 
' straight,' and irvcu, ' I respire? Impracticability 
of breathing in the horizontal posture. Necessity 
of being in the erect posture, in order to respire. 
Orthopn<ea Cardiaca, Angina Pectoris - o. 
Convulsiva, Asthma - o. Cynanchica, Cynanche 
trachealis-o. Hydrothoracica, Hydrothorax-o. 
Hysterica. Angone-o. Pituitosa, Mycorthopnoea 
-0. Tussiculosa, Pertussis. 
0RTH0S0MATICE, Orthopaedia. 
624 
OS 
ORTHOSOMATIQUE, Orthopsedia. 
ORTHOTER, Orthopedist. 
ORTHYSTEROPTOMA, Prolapsus uteri. 
ORTHYSTEROPTOSIS, Prolapsus uteri. 
OUT IE, Urtiea-o. Blanche, Lamium album- 
o. Br&lante, Urtiea urens - o. Morte, Lamium 
album-o. Jforte des Bois, Galeopsis-o. Romaine, 
Urtiea pilulifera. 
ORTYX, Tetrao ceturnix. 
ORUS, Crovpion, Serum. 
OR VALE, Salvia sclarea. 
ORVIETA'NUM. From the Italian Orvie- 
tano. An electuary regarded as an invaluable 
antidote, and composed of Old theriac, Dried vi- 
pers, Scorzonera, Carlina, Imperatorium, Angel- 
ica, Bistort, Rosemary, Juniper, Cinnamon, Cloves, 
Mace, Honey, and a crowd of other substances. 
Its medical properties resembled, in some re- 
spects, those of the theriac. It was so called, 
according to some, because invented by Orvietano, 
a celebrated charlatan; or, according to others, 
from Orvieto, a town in Italy. 
ORY'ZA, from Orez, (Arab.,) Ory'za sati'va, 
Rice, (F.) Riz. Family, Gramineae. Sex. Syst. 
Hexandria Monogynia. A plant, almost aquatic, 
and indigenous in China, one of the richest pro- 
ductions of Egypt, and which prospers in the 
warmer regions of the four quarters of the globe. 
The grain inclosed in the husk is called by the 
Malays Paddy, Padi, or Paddie ; when deprived 
of the husk, Bras, and when boiled Nasi. Its 
amylaceous seeds, Ory'za, Ory'zum, Hordeum ga- 
lac'ticum, nourish more men than those of wheat 
and rye together. Besides being alimentary, they 
are demulcent and emollient. Gardiner's ali- 
mentary preparation is very finely ground rice- 
meal. 
Mucilage of Rice, Rice water, may be formed 
by taking one ounce of rice, and, having washed 
it, macerating it for three hours in a quart of 
tepid soft water, in a pan placed upon a stove; 
then boiling the whole slowly for anothei hour, 
and straining through a sieve. 
It may be sweetened and acidulated, or be 
prepared with milk, like arrow-root, and be used 
as a demulcent. 
Rice Jelly is made by macerating a sufficient 
quantity of clean rice in as much water as will 
cover it; boiling slowly, adding water as it evap- 
orates, until the rice is reduced to a pap, sweeten- 
ing and flavouring with lemon-juice or vanilla, 
and passing through a fine sieve into a form or 
mould. It may be eaten alone or with milk; and 
is a good diatetic preparation for those of weak 
digestive powers. 
Ground rice. Take a tablespoonful of ground 
rice; a pint and a half of milk, and half an ounce 
of candied lemon-peel. Rub the rice smooth with 
the milk : then add the lemon-peel cut into small 
pieces; boil for half an hour, and strain whilst 
the milk is hot. It is used in the same cases as 
rice jelly. 
OS, Bone, Mouth, see Ossiculum - o. Acromii, 
Acromion - o. ad Cubitale, Radius - o. Adjuto- 
rium, Humeri os - o. Alaeforme, Sphenoid - o. 
Alagas, Coccyx, Sacrum-o. Amphideon, Os uteri 
- o. Anonyme, Innominatum os-o. Anonymum, 
Innominatum os - o. Anticum, Avant bouche-o. 
Arcuale, Temporal bone - o. Armale, Temporal 
bone-o. Asser, Sternum-o. de I'Assiette, Ischion 
- o. Azygos, Sphenoid - o. Ballistas, Astragalus 
- o. Basilare, Occipital bone, Palate bone, Sa- 
crum, Sphenoid - o. Baxillare, Sphenoid-o. Bi- 
corne, Hyoides os - o. Brachiale, Ilumeri os - o. 
Brachii, Humeri os - o. Calcis, Calcaneum - o. 
Capitatnm, Magnum os-o. Caudae, Occipital bone 
-o. Clunium, Sacrum-o. Coccygis, Coccyx - o. 
Colatorium, Ethmoid bone - o. Coliforme, EtL- OS 
inoid-o. Convolutum superius, Turbinated bone, 
middle - o. Coronale, Frontal bone - o. Coxa?, 
Innouiinatum os - o. Coxal, Innominatum os, 
Ischion-o. Cribleux, Ethmoid - o. Cribriforme, 
Ethmoid-o. Cribrosum, Ethmoid-o. Cristatum, 
Ethmoid-o. Crochu, Os uniciforme. 
OS CROTOPHALE. A name given by M. 
BSelard to a bone sometimes met with at the an- 
terior and inferior angle of the parietal bone; from 
Kfora<pos, 'the temple.' 
Os Crotaphiticum, Temporal bone - o. Cubi- 
cum, Ethmoid bone-o. Cubiti Inferius, Ulna-o. 
de la Cuisse, Femur-o. Cuneiforme, Sphenoid - 
o. Cuneo comparatum, Sphenoid-o. Cymbiforme, 
Scaphoid bone - o. Disciforme, Patella - o. Du- 
rum, Temporal bone-o. Ensiforme, Sternum. 
OS EPACTALE. A name given to one of the 
ossa Wormiana; particularly to one met with in 
the posterior fontanelle, and which has been de- 
scribed by G. Fischer, under the name Os Epac- 
tale seu Go'ethian' um. 
OS EPACT AUX, Wormiana ossa. 
Os Externum. The entrance into the vagina, 
in contradistinction to tl;e Os inter'num or Os 
u'teri. 
Os Extra Ordinem Carpi, Os pisiforme - o- 
Fibrosum, Occipital bone - o. Foraminulentum, 
Ethmoid - o. Frontis, Frontal bone - o. Genae, 
Malae os-o. Gladioli, Sternum-o. Grand, Mag- 
num os-o. Grand, col du, Collum ossis magni- 
o. Grandinosum, Cuboid-o. Gutturis, Ilyoides os 
- o. Ilamatum, Os unciforme - o. Hors du rang, 
Os pisiforme-o. Ilypopium, Malae os-o. Hypse- 
loides, Ilyoides os - o. Inconjugatum, Sphenoid 
-o. Incudi similis, Incus-o. Inferius ventriculi, 
Pylorus-o. Innomint, Innominatum os-o. Inter- 
coms, Wormiana ossa-o. Internum, Os uteri-o. 
Inverecundum, Frontal bone - o. Ischii, Ischion 
- o. Interparietale, Interparietal bone - o. Ju- 
gale, Malae os - o. Jugamentum, Malae os - o. 
Juguli, Clavicle - o. Lacrymale, Unguis os-o. 
Lambda, Occipital bone-o. Lambdoides, Ilyoides 
os, Occipital bone-o. Lapideum, Temporal bone 
-o. Latum, Sacrum-o. Latum humeri, Scapula, 
- o. Lenticulare, Os orbiculare, Os pisiforme-o. 
Lepidoides, Temporal bone-o. Linguae, Ilyoides 
os-o. Linguale, Ilyoides os-o. Lithoides, Tem- 
poral bone - o. Magnum, neck of the, Collum 
ossis magni - o. Malaire, Malae os - o. Malare, 
Malae os - o. Maxillae superioris undecimum, 
Vomer-o. Maxillair e inferieure, Collum mandi- 
bulae-o. Memento mori, Temporal bone-o. Me- 
moriae, Occipital bone - o. Mendosum, Temporal 
bone - o. Morsus Adami, Thyroid cartilage - o. 
Mucronatum, Xiphoid cartilage-o. Multangulum 
majus, Trapezium os - o. Multangulum minus, 
Trapezoides os - o. Multiforme, Ethmoid, Sphe- 
noid-o. Nasaux, Nasal bones-o. Naviculare, Os 
Bcaphoides-o. Nervale, Temporal bone-o. Ner- 
vosum, Occipital bone-o. Occipiti, Occipital bone 
-o. Orbiculare, Os pisiforme - o. du Palais, Pa- 
late bone - o. Palati, Palate bone - o. Palatin, 
Palate bone - o. Papillare, Sphenoid - o. Parie- 
tale inferius, Temporal bone-o. Paxillare, Sphe- 
noid- o. Pectinis, Pubis, os - o. Pectoris, Ster- 
num- o. Pelvi-cephalicum, Occipital bone - o. 
Pelvis laterale, Innominatum os-o. Perone, Fi- 
bula-o. Petrosum, Temporal bone-o. Polymor- 
phon, Sphenoid-o. de la Pommette, Mala? os-o. 
Posterum, Pharynx-o. Praeruptae rupi assimila- 
tum, Temporal bone - o. Procubitale, Ulna - o. 
Propres du nez, Nasal bones-o Prora?, Occipital 
bone-o. Pudicum, Malae os-o. Puppis, Frontal 
bone, Occipital bone-o. Pyramidale carpi, Trape- 
zoides os-o. Pyxidis, Occipital bone-o. Ration- 
is, Frontal bone - o. du Rayon, Radius - o. Sa- 
crum, Sacrum - o. Saxeum, Temporal bone - o. 
625 
OSCHOPY(EDEMA 
Scutiforme, Patella-o. Sedeutarium, see Ischiatio 
-o. Semilunare, Lunare os-o. Sextum cranii, Oc- 
cipital bone - o. du Sinciput, Parietal bones, see 
Sinciput-o. Sous-ethmo'idal, Turbinated bone, 
inferior-o. Sphceno-basilare, Occipital bone-o. 
Sphecoides, Sphenoid-o. Sphenoidale, Sphenoid 
-o. Sphenoides, Sphenoid-o. Spongiosum, Eth- 
moid-o. Spongiosum inferius, Turbinated bone, 
inferior - o. Spongiosum medium, Turbinated 
bone, middle-o. Spongiosum superius, Turbina- 
ted bone, middle, Turbinated bone, superior-o. 
Spongoides, Ethmoid-o. Squamosum, Temporal 
bone - o. Suboculare, Malm os - o. Surnumt- 
raires, Wormiana ossa - o. Suamaxillaire, Maxil- 
lary (superior) bone-o. Sylvii, Os orbiculare-o. 
Temporis, Temporal bone-o. Tessera, Cuboid- 
o. Thyreoides, Patella-o. Tibiae minus, Fibula 
- o. Tincae, Os uteri - o. Triangulaires, Wormi- 
ana ossa-o. Turbinatum, Turbinated bone, 
middle - o. Turbinatum inferius, Turbinated 
bone, inferior-o. Uncinatum, Os unciforme-o. 
Upsiloides, Hyoides os - o. Varium, Cuboid-o. 
Vespiforme, Sphenoid - o. Vomeris, Vomer-o. 
Wormiens, Wormiana ossa-o. Xiphoides, Ster- 
num- o. Ypseloides, Hyoides os - o. Zygomati- 
cum, Malte os. 
Os U'teri, Os tinea, Protos'porus, Oa inter'- 
num, Os amphid'eon seu amphid' eum, Os'cheon, 
Hysteros'toma, Os'culum u'teri, Hysteroatom'ium, 
Orifie"ium u'teri, (F.) Jfuseau de Tanche. The 
mouth of the womb, see Uterus. 
OSCEDO, Yawning. 
0 S CII2E M A T (E D E' M A, Oach<rmoede'ma, 
(Ede'ma scroti cruen'tum; from 'scrotum,' 
'ai/m, 'blood,' and oiir/ya, 'oedema.' Effusion of 
blood into the scrotum. 
OSCHJEMCEDEMA, Oschaematoedema. 
OSCHE, Scrotum. 
OSCHEITIS, Orcheitis, Oschitis. 
0SCHE0CARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney- 
sweepers'. 
OSCHEOCE'LE, Osehoce'le, from otrxcov, 'the 
scrotum,' and KqXr), 'tumour;' Serotal hernia, see 
Bubonocele. Sauvages uses it in the sense of 
Dropsy of the scrotum, see Hydrocele. 
Oscheocele Aqvosa, Hydroscheocele-o. Fla- 
tulenta, Physocele-o. Hydatidosa, Hydatidocele 
-o. (Edematica, (Edematoscheocele-o. Semina- 
lis, Spermatocele-o. Urinalis, Urocele-o. Vari- 
cosa, Varicocele. 
OSCHEON, Scrotum, Os uteri. 
OSCHEON'CUS, Oschon'cus, Oacheophy'ma, 
Oschophy'ma, from ' scrotum,' and oyicoj, 
' a tumour.' A preternatural swelling of the 
scrotum, 
OSCHEOPHYMA, Oscheoncus. 
0 S CIIE 0 P LAS'TIC, Oacheoplaa'ticus, from 
oiXtov, ' the scrotum,' and irXaacw, ' I form.' An 
epithet given to the operation for restoring the 
scrotum when lost. 
OSCHEOPYCEDE'MA, Oachopycede'ma, CEdc'- 
ma scroti purulen'tum. Purulent tumefaction of 
the scrotum. 
OSCHEUS, Scrotum. 
OS'CHION. The raised margin of the os uteri. 
According to some, an excrescence from the os 
uteri. 
OSCHI'TIS, Orchei'tis, Oachei'tis, Inflamma'tio 
scroti, from 'the scrotum,' and itis, 'in- 
flammation.' Inflammation of the serotum. 
OSCHOCARCINOMA, Cancer, chimney- 
sweepers'. 
OSCHOCELE, Oscheocele. 
OSCHONCUS, Oscheoncus. 
OSCHOPIIYMA, Oscheoncus. 
OSCHOPY(EDEM A, Oscheopyoedema. OSCHURtEDEMA 
OSCHURCEDE'MA; from 'scrotum,' 
ovpov, 'urine,' and oihtyia, 'oedema.' (Edema 
from effusion of urine into the scrotum. 
OSCHUS, Scrotum. 
OSCHYDR(EDE'MA, from 'scrotum,' 
' water,' and oiinpa, ' oedema.' (Edema 
scroti aquo'sum. Watery oedema of the scrotum. 
OSCILLA'TIO, Irritability, Oscillation. 
OSCILLA'TION, Oscilla'tio; from oscillum, 
'an image perhaps of Bacchus, hung on ropes, 
and swung up and down in the air.' Vibration, 
1 ibra'men, Vibra'tio, Vibra'tus. Also, a partial 
rotatory movement of the eyeball to and from its 
antero-posterior axis. 
OS'CITANT (FEVER), Febris os'citans, (E.) 
Fievre oseitante, from oscitare, 'to yawn.' A fever, 
in which the patient is continually yawning. 
OSCITATIO, Yawning. 
OSCULATORIUS, Orbicularis oris. 
OSCULUM UTERI, Os uteri. 
OSCUS, Scrotum. 
OSEILLE, Rumex acetosa - o. Boucher, Ru- 
mex scutatus - o. Petite, Rumex scutatus - o. 
Ronde, Rumex scutatus - o. Rouge, Rumex san- 
guineus. 
OS'MAZOME, Os'mozome, Osmazo'ma, Osmo- 
zo'ma, Zomod'mum, (F.) Jfatiere extractive du 
Bouillon; Extrac' five of meat, Saponaceous extract 
of meat; from oapn, 'smell,' and fapos, 'soup.' 
M. Thenard gave this name to an extractive 
matter, contained in muscular flesh and in the 
blood of animals, which he considers of a peculiar 
nature. It has an agreeable smell and taste, and 
is found in Bouillons of meat, in the proportion 
of one part to seven of gelatin. Vauquelin dis- 
covered in it some fungi. It is the substance 
which gives the flavour of meat to soups, and 
hence its name. It has been prescribed in the 
dose of Jss 3), *n broth or in powder, with 
aromatics, as a stimulant to the digestive actions 
and a restorer of appetite in convalescence. An 
Osmazome chocolate, Chocola'ta cum. osmazo'ma, 
has been introduced as an analeptic article of 
diet. It consists of chocolate tbj to osmazome 5j. 
OSME, Odour. 
OSMESI§, Olfaction. 
OSMIDRO'SIS, from oapn, 'odour,' and '<ipwy, 
' sweat.' Perspiration of an unusual odour. 
OSMITOPS'IS ASTERISCOI'DES, Bellis. 
A plant, of the Cape of Good Hope, which, from 
its smell and taste, seems to contain camphor; 
hence its antispasmodic virtues. In infusion, it 
is often beneficially employed in cough, hoarse- 
ness, and diseases of the chest generally, and is 
said to be serviceable in flatulent colic. Infused 
in spirit, spir'itus bellidis, it has been used suc- 
cessfully as an external remedy in paralysis. 
OSMOMETRICUS SENSUS, Olfaction. 
OSMON'OSI, Osmonu'si, Morbi olfac'tds, from 
ocpr), ' odour,' and voao;, ' a disease.' Diseases of 
olfaction. 
OSMONOSOLOG"IA, from oaprj, 'odour,' voao;, 
' disease,' and Xoyoj, ' description.' The doctrine 
of, or a treatise on, the diseases of the sense of 
smell. 
OSMORRIII'ZA LONGIS'TYLIS, Sweet 
Cic"ely. An indigenous plant, Order Umbelli- 
ferce, which flowers in May and June. It is an 
agreeable aromatic, having much of the flavour 
of anise. 
OSMOZOME, Osmazome. 
OSMUND, ROYAL, Osmunda regalis. 
OSMUN'DA CINNAMO'MEA, Oi'nnawion 
Fern Indigenous ; Order, Filices ; is regarded 
to be demulcent, subastringent, and tonic. Boiled 
in milk, it yields a line mucilage, which is useful 
in diarrhoea. 
626 
OSSIFICATION 
Osmun'da Rega'lis, Filix Flor'ida, Osmund- 
royal. This plant was once thought to poBsvs» 
astringent and emmenagogue virtues. 
OSORON, Opium. 
OSPHRANTERICUS, Olfactory. 
OSPHRANTICOS, Olfactory. 
OSPHRASIA, Olfaction. 
OSPHRESIOL'OGY, Osphresiolog"ia, from 
oa0p>j<nj, ' odour,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' A 
treatise on olfaction and odours. 
OSPHRESIS, Olfaction. 
OSPHRETICUS, Olfactory. 
OSPHRIS'TICE, from 'olfaction.' 
The doctrine of the phenomena of odours. 
OSPHYALGEMA, Coxalgia. 
OSPHYALGIA, Coxalgia. 
OSPHYARTIIRITIS, Osphyitis. 
OSPHYARTIIROCACE, Coxarum morbus. 
OSPHYI'TIS, Osphy'tis, Osphyarthri'tis, In- 
flamma'tio coxae, from oaQvs, 'the hip,' and itis, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the parts 
about the hip. 
OSPHYRRHEUMA, Lumbago. 
OSPHYS, Haunch, Lumbi. 
OSPHYTIS, Osphyitis. 
OSSA BREGMATIS, Parietal bones-o. Con- 
volute inferiora, Turbinated bones, inferior - o. 
Digitorum manfls, Phalanges of the fingers - o. 
Digitorum pedis, Phalanges of the toes-o. Epac- 
talia, Wormiana ossa - o. Maxillaa superioris 
quarta seu quinta seu secunda, Nasal bones - o. 
Nasalia, Nasal bones - o. Nasi, Nasal bones - o. 
Nervalia, Parietal bones-o. Pisiformia lingualia, 
see Hyoides os-o. Raphogeminantia, Wormiana 
ossa - o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones - o. Sin- 
cipitis, Parietal bones-o. Spongiosa, Turbinated 
bones-o. Suturarum, Wormiana ossa-o. Tertia 
maxilife superioris, Turbinated bones - o. Tetra- 
gona, Parietal bones-o. Triangularia, Sphenoidal 
cornua - o. Triangularia Blasii, Wormiana ossa 
- o. Triquetra, Wormiana ossa - o. Turbinata, 
Turbinated bones - o. Verticalia, Parietal bones. 
OSSELETS DE L'OREILLE, Ossicula au- 
ditfls. 
OSSEOUS, Os'seus, Osto'des, Ostoi'des, (F.) 
Osseux; from ox, ' a bone.' Bony. Resembling 
bone. 
OSSICLE, Ossiculum. 
OSSICULA, see Ossiculum. 
Ossic'ula Audi'tus, Ossic'ula Auris, (F.) Os- 
selets de I'oreille, 0. de I'ouie. The small bones 
situate in the cavity of the tympanum, and form- 
ing an uninterrupted chain from the membrane 
of the tympanum to that of the fenestra ovalis. 
They are four in number; and their series, from 
without to within, is as follows : Malleus, Incus, 
Os orbiculare, Stapes. 
Ossicula Bertini, Sphenoidalia cornua - o. 
Innominata, Innominata minora ossa - o. Nasi, 
Nasal bones - o. Sesamoidea, Sesamoid bones. 
OSSIC'ULUM, (plural Ossic'ula,) Osta'rion, 
Os'side. Diminutive of os, ' a bone.' A small 
bone. See Os. 
Ossiculum Cochleare, Orbicular bone - o. 
Incudi Comparatum, Incus - o. Malleolo assi- 
milatum, Malleus - o. Molari denti comparatum, 
Incus - o. Orbiculare, Orbicular bone - o. Quar- 
tum, Orbicular bone - o. Squamosum, Orbicular 
bone. 
OSSIFICA'TION, Ossifica'tio, from os, 'a bone,' 
and facere, 'to make.' Osteogen'ia, Osteogen'esis, 
Osteo'sis, Osto'sis. Formation of bone. Develop- 
ment, or increase of the osseous system. Ossifi- 
cation takes place in the same manner as the 
nutrition of other organs. The bones are, at 
first, mucous, and afterwards cartilaginous; the 
cartilage, at length, receives the phosphate of 
lime, and is, at the same time, replaced by a OSSIFRAGA 
gelatinous parenchyma, when the bone has ac- 
quired the whole of its development. 
Ossification, Points of, Puncta seu Nu'clei 
ossificatio'nis, Nu'clei ossei, are the points where 
the ossification of a bone commences, whence it 
extends to other parts. Almost all the bones pre- 
sent a greater or less number of points of ossifi- 
cation. Besides the natural ossification, which 
we observe in the foetus and in the first periods 
of life, there are also accidental ossifications, 
such as those frequently remarked after the in- 
flammation of serous membranes, in the parietes 
of arteries, and to which the terms Osthex'iu, In- 
crustation and Petrifaction have, sometimes, 
been applied. 
OSSIFRAGA, Osteocolla. 
OSSIS SACRI ACUMEN, Coccyx. 
OSSISANA, Osteocolla. 
OSSIV'OROUS, from os, 'a bone,' and voro, 
' I devour.' A species of tumour, mentioned by 
Ruysch, which destroys bone. 
OS'TAGRA, Os'teagra, from oareov, 'a bone,' 
and aypa, ' seizure.' A forceps to cut or remove 
portions of bone. 
OSTALGIA, Osteocopus. 
OSTALGI'TIS, Osti'tis, Osteitis, from oareov, 
' a bone,' and itis. Infiamnia'tio Ossis. Inflam- 
mation of bone; characterized by violent shooting 
and lancinating pains in the bone. 
OSTARIUM, Ossiculum. 
OSTARTHRITIS, Arthrophlogosis. 
0START1IR0CACE, Spina ventosa. 
OSTEAGRA, Ostagra. 
OSTEALGIA, Osteocopus. 
OSTEITES, Osteocolla. 
OSTEITIS, Ostalgitis. 
OSTEMPYE'SIS. Osteempye'sis, Ostempyo'sis, 
from oareov, ' a bone,' and epmirjais, ' effusion of 
pus.' An abscess in the interior of a bone. 
OSTEMPYOSIS, Ostempyesis. 
OSTEOCE'LE, from oareov, 'a bone,' and KrfXr), 
' a tumour.' A hernia in which the sac is carti- 
laginous and bony: - a rare case. Also, osseous 
induration of one or both testicles. 
OSTEOCLASIS, Fracture. 
OSTEOCOL'LA, from oareov, ' a bone,' and 
KoXXa, ' glue.' Glue-bone, Stone or Bone binder, 
Ossif'raga, Holos'teus, Ossisa'na, Ostri'tes, Os- 
tei'tes, Amos'teus, Osteol' ithos, Stelochi'tes. A 
name given to petrified carbonate of lime, found 
in some parts of Germany and other portions of 
the globe; so called, because it has been sup- 
posed to possess the power of favouring the for- 
mation of callus in fractures. It is the Chaux 
carbonatde concretionnee incrustante of Ilaiiy. 
Not used. 
OSTEOC'OPUS, Osteal'gia, Ostal'gia, Osteo- 
dyn'ia, from oareov, 'a bone,' and kokos, 'fatigue.' 
Boneach. Pain in the bones. 
OSTEODENTINE, see Tooth. 
OSTEODYNIA, Osteocopus. 
OSTEOGANGRAJNA, Necrosis. 
OSTEOGENIA, Ossification. 
OSTEOG'RAPHY', Osteogra'phia, from oareov, 
' a bone,' and ypaifeiv, ' to describe.' Description 
of the bones. The part of anatomy which de- 
scribes the bones. 
OSTEOLITIIOS, Osteocolla. 
OSTEOL'OGY, Osteolog"ia, from oareov, 'a 
bone,' and Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' The part of ana- 
tomy which treats of bones. 
OSTEOMA, Exostosis. 
OSTEOMALACIA, Mollifies ossium - o. In- 
fantum, Rachitis. 
OSTEOMALACOSIS, Mollifies ossium. 
OSTEON, Bone - o. Hieron, Sacrum. 
OSTEONABRO'SIS, from oareov, 'a bone,'a, 
627 
OSTIUM 
priv., and fowats, 'nutriment.' Atrophy of the 
osseous texture marked by diminution of volume. 
OSTEON'CUS, from oartov, 'a bone,' and oy kos, 
' a tumour.' A bony tumour. 
OSTEONECROSIS, Necrosis. 
OSTEON'OSI, Osteonu'si, from oartov, 'a bone,' 
and voaof, 'a disease.' Mor'bi os'si um. Diseases 
of the bones. 
OSTEOPJEDION, Lithopasdion. 
OSTEOPALIN'CLASIS, from oartov, 'a bone,' 
ira\iv, 'again,' and xXaais, 'fracture.' The break- 
ing again of a bone which has united unfavour- 
ably. 
OSTEOPHYMA, Osteoncus. 
OSTEOPH'YTA, Os'teophyte, Exosto'sis. Un- 
der this name, Rokitausky, of Vienna, describes 
a deposition of bony matter, found by him on the 
inner surface of the parietes of the skull of preg- 
nant women. 
OSTEOPLEU'RA, Pleurosto'sis, from oartov, 
'a bone,' and itXtvpov, 'a rib.' Ossification of the 
cartilages of the ribs. 
OSTEOPORO'SIS, Osteosclero'sis, from oartov, 
' a bone,' and rmptais, ' induration.' Induration 
of a bone, from the deposition of too much bony 
matter. 
OSTEOPSATHYROSIS, Fragilitas ossium. 
OSTEO-SARCO'MA, Osteo-sarco'sis, Sarcosto'- 
sis, Haematexosto' sis, from oartov, ' bone,' and aapl-, 
' flesh.' Disease of the bony tissue, which con- 
sists in softening of its laminae, and their trans- 
formation into a fleshy substance, analogous to 
that of cancer; accompanied with general symp- 
toms of cancerous affection. The word has of- 
ten, also, been used synonymously with spina 
ventosa. 
OSTEOSARCOSIS, Osteosarcoma. 
OSTEOSCLEROSIS, Osteoporosis. 
OSTEOSIS, Ossification. 
OSTEO-STEATO'MA, Exosto'sls steatomato'- 
des, from oartov ' a bone,' and artap, ' suet or fat.' 
A name given to bony tumours or degenerations, 
which sometimes belong to osteo-sarcoma; at 
others, to spina ventosa, exostosis, <tc. 
OSTEOT'O.MIST, Osteotomis'ta. Same etymon 
as the next. An instrument, invented by Dr. D. 
Davis, for cutting the bones of the foetal cranium, 
where it becomes necessary to greatly reduce the 
size of the head in parturition. 
OSTEOT'OMY, Osteotom'ia, from oartov, 'a 
bone,' and rtyvtiv, ' to cut.' The part of practical 
anatomy whose object is the dissection of bones. 
OSTEOTOPHUS, Tophus. 
OSTEOTYLUS, Callus. 
OSTEULCUM, Bone-nippers. 
OSTEUM, Bone. 
OSTHEXIA, see Ossification. 
OSTIA ATRIO-VENTRICULARIA, see Os- 
tium. 
OSTIARIUS, Pylorus. 
OSTIOLUM, from oartov, 'a mouth or open- 
ing.' A small door or gate. 
Ostiola Cordis, VuI'vuIcb cordis, Pellic'ulce 
cordis. The valves of the heart. 
OSTITIS, Ostalgitis. 
OS'TIUM, Orific"ium, a door or gate,-of the 
heart, for example. The opening-Os'tia atrio- 
ventricula'ria-between the auricle and ventricle 
of each side ; Os'tium veno'sum, that of the right 
side; Os'tium arterio'sum, that of the left. 
Ostium Abdominale, see Tube, Fallopian - o 
Internum, see Ostium uteri. 
Ostium U'teri. The vulva; the vagina. The 
term Os'tium inter'num has been applied to the 
inferior opening of the uterus, which establishes 
a free communication between the cavities of the OSTODES 
body and neck, and which is often obliterated in 
old women.- Cruveilheir. The neck of the ute- 
rus; the mouth of the uterus. 
Ostium Uterinum, see Tube, Fallopian - o. 
Ventriculi Duodenale seu Pyloricum seu Dex- 
trum seu Inferius, Pylorus. 
OSTODES, Bony. 
OSTOIDEA SUBSTANTIA, see Tooth. 
OSTOIDES, Bony. 
OSTOMA, Exostosis. 
OSTOSIS, Ossification. 
OS'TREA, Os'treim, (F.) HuUre. The oyster. 
The oyster is a wholesome article of diet, often 
advised as analeptic and easy of digestion. 
Thexshells, Testa Os'trece, Testa (Ph. U. S.), 
(F.) Ecailles d'huitres, have been received into 
the Pharmacopoeias, and used medicinally. Their 
virtues are similar to those of the carbonate of 
lime. See Creta. 
OSTREUM, Ostrea. 
OSTRITES, Osteocolla. 
OSTRUTHIUM, Imperatoria. 
OSYRIS, Antirhinum linaria. 
OTACOUS'TIC, Otaeous'ticus ; from ov;, uro;, 
'the ear,' and asovw, 'I listen.' Any instrument 
is so called which improves the sense of hearing, 
-as the different species of trumpets. 
OTAGRA, Otalgia. 
OTAL'GIA, Ot'agra, Otod'yne, Otal'gy, from 
ov;, uro;, ' the ear,' and aXyo;, ' pain.' Pain in the 
ear; Dolor au'rium, Spas'mus au'rium, Ear-ache. 
See Otitis. 
OTAL'GIC, Otal'gicus. An epithet for reme- 
dies used in otalgia. 
OTECHUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
OTEMPLAS'TRUM, Otoplas'ta, Otoplas'trum, 
from ov;, 'the ear,' and t/iirhaaTpov, 'a plaster.' A 
plaster put behind the ears. 
OTEN'CIIYTES, Otenchyta, from ov;, oirof, 
'the ear,' cv, 'into,' and xvw, 'I pour.' Sipho 
auricula' ris. A species of syringe, used for in- 
jecting the ear. 
OTIIELCO'SIS, from ov;, o>ro;, 'the ear,' and 
'cXkwo-<;, 'ulceration.' Ulceration or suppuration 
of the ear. 
OTHONE, Linteum. 
OTHONION, Linteum. 
OTHYGROTES, Otirrhoea. 
OTIATER, Aurist. 
OTIATRI'A, Otiat'rice, from ov;, uro;, 'the 
ear,' and laroeia, 'medicine.' The business of the 
aurist. The management of diseases of the ear. 
Aural Medicine and Surgery, Ear Surgery. 
OTIATRICE, Otiatria. 
OTIATRUS, Aurist. 
O'TIC, O'ticus, from ov;, uro;, 'the ear.' Be- 
longing or relating to the ear. A medicine em- 
ployed in diseases of the ear. 
Otic Ganglion, Otogan'glium, Gang'lion auri- 
cula're, Ganglion o'ticum, Auricular ganglion, 
Ganglion of Arnold, (F.) Ganglion maxillo-tym- 
panique. This is a small ganglion, although more 
than double the size of the ophthalmic, ash-co- 
loured and pulpy like the ganglions of the sym- 
pathetic. It is situate in advance of the gan- 
glion of Gasser, on the lower surface of the infe- 
rior maxillary nerve, at the inner margin of the 
foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone. See Pe- 
trous ganglion. 
OTIRRHCE'A, Otorrhoe'a, Othy'grates, Blenno- 
torrhoe'a, (F.) Oatarrhe de V Oreille, from ov;, 'the 
ear.' and ptw, ' I flow.' Discharge of a purulent or 
puriform liquid, from the meatus auditorius exter- 
nus, Pyorrhoe'a au'rium, Otopyorrhoe'a, Pya-otor- 
rhoe'a, Otorrhoe'a purulen'ta. It is a symptom of 
chronic otitis. Some authors have, indeed, used 
the term synonymously with chronic otitis. When 
628 
OTOSCOPIUM 
it extends to the brain, it is termed cer'ehral otor- 
rlwe'a; and when from the middle or internal 
ear, it is termed internal otorrhaa, Otorrhce'a 
inter'na, and Entotorrhoe'a. 
Otirrhcea, Cerebral, see Otirrhcea. 
OTITES, see Digitus. 
OTI'TIS, Otophleg'mone, Empres' ma otitis, 
Inflamma'tio auris, Inflammation of the ear, (F.) 
Inflammation de Voreille. Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the ear, characterized by 
excruciating pain; intolerable humming in the 
ear, with a discharge of mucus generally from 
the meatus externus or from the Eustachian 
tube. When the inflammation is restricted to 
the lining membrane of the meatus, it is termed 
otitis catarrha'lis. Otitis is divided into external 
and internal, according as it affects the meatus au- 
ditorius, or the cavity of the tympanum or inter- 
nal ear. It may be aeute or chronic. Acute otitis 
commonly terminates in a few days in a favour- 
able manner, with the aid of antiphlogistics. 
Chronic otitis, otirrhoe'a, is almost always accom- 
panied by a purulent discharge from the meatus 
auditorius. It is often incurable, and may ulti- 
mately give occasion to disease of the internal 
ear, and even of the brain. 
Otitis Catarrhalis, see Otitis. 
O'TIUM, Ota'rium, from ovs, wros, 'the ear.' 
A small ear. The auricle or pavilion of the ear. 
OTOCEPH'ALUS, Mono'tia, from ovs, wros, 
' the ear,' and ' head.' A monster, whose 
ears are in contact, or united into one. 
OTOCONIES, see Otolitbi. 
OTODYNE, Otalgia. 
OTOGLYPHIS. Earpick. 
OTOGLYPHUM, Earpick. 
OTOG'RAPHY, Otogra'phia, from ovs, loros, 
'the ear,'and ypaipn, 'a description.' The part 
of anatomy which describes the ear. 
OT'OLITHS, Otol'ithi, (F.) Otolith.es, from ovs, 
wros, 'the ear, and XtOos, 'a stone.' White cal- 
careous substances contained in the membranous 
vestibule, and seeming to be suspended in the 
fluid of the vestibule by means of a number of 
nervous filaments proceeding from the auditory 
nerve. Their universal presence in the ear of 
the mammalia would seem to show that they are 
inservient to audition. When of a looser con- 
sistence, they are called Otocon'ia, (F.) Otoconies, 
from ovs, ' the ear,' and kovio, ' dust.' 
OTOL'OGY, Otolog"ia, from ovs, uros, 'the 
ear,' and \oyos, ' a discourse.' The part of ana- 
tomy which treats of the ear. An anatomical 
treatise on the ear. 
OTOPATHEMA, Otopathy. 
OTOP'ATIIY, Otopathi'a, Otopathe'ma, from 
ovs, viros, 'the ear,' and rafloj, 'a disease.' A dis- 
eased condition of the ear. 
OTOPHLEGMONE, Otitis. 
OTOPLASTA, Otemplastrum. 
OTOPLAS'TICE, from otw, mros, 'the ear,' and 
ithaariKos, 'forming.' The operation for restoring 
a lost ear. 
OTOPLASTRUM, Otemplastrum. 
OTOPYORRH(EA, Otirrhcea. 
OTORRHAG"IA; from ovs, wros, 'the ear,' 
and payn, 'rupture.' Bleeding from the ear or 
ears. 
OTORRHEUMATIS'MUS, from ovs,i»ros, 'the 
ear, and pevpariapios, 'rheumatism;' Otal'gia 
rhevmat'ica. Rheumatic ear-ache. 
OTORRIICEA, Otirrhcea-o. Cerebral, see Otir- 
rhcea-o. Interna, see Otirrhcea-o. Purulenta, 
Otirrhcea. 
OTOSCOP'IUM, from ovs, vrros, 'the ear,' and 
osorn, 'examination.' An instrument for exami- 
ning the condition of the external ear. OTOTOMY 
OTOT'OMY, Ototom'i'a, from ov;, wroj, 'the 
ear,' and rcpvciv, ' to cut.' The part of practical 
anatomy which teaches the mode of dissecting 
and preparing the ear. 
OULA, Gingivae. 
OULE, Cicatrix. 
OUNCE, Un'cia. A weight equal to the 16th 
part of a pound avoirdupois, the 12th of a pound 
troy. It is composed of 8 drachms. See Weights 
and Measures. 
OURAQUE, Urachus. 
OURARY, Curare. 
OU REMA, Urine. 
OU It LES, Parotis, Cynanche parotidaea. 
OURON, Urine. 
OUS, Ear. 
OUTRE HER, Lapis lazuli. 
0 UVER TURE CAD A VElilQ UE, Autopsia 
cadaverica. 
OVA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani - o. 
Nabothi, Nabothi glandulae. 
OVAL, Ova'lis, 06'des, Odi'des, Ova'tus, from 
ovum, ' an egg.' Egg-shaped; elliptic. That 
which is round and oblong like an egg. 
Ovale Fora'men, Foramen oo'des, (F.) Trou 
ovale. The foramen obturatorium; also, the fo- 
ramen in the inner paries of the middle ear, which 
opens into the vestibule; the foramen in the 
sphenoid bone, through which the third branch 
of the fifth pair issues from the cranium; and the 
aperture, in the foetus, between the auricles of 
the heart. See Botal Foramen. 
Ovalis Fossa, Val'vula seu Vestig''ium Fo- 
ram'inis ovalis, is a depression observed in the 
right auricle of the heart, on the septum, which 
separates it from the left auricle. It has thick 
and strong edges, at its upper and fore part, 
called Oolum'nae foram'inis ova'lis, Isthmus seu 
An'nuZus Fteuwe'nti seu An'nulus fossae ovalis: 
in the foetus called An'nulus foram'inis vel fossae 
ova'lis. The fossa ovalis, in the adult, replaces 
the inter-auricular aperture in the septum auricu- 
larum of the foetus. 
OVA'RIAN, Ova'rial, Ovaria'nus, from ova- 
rium, uapiov, 'the ovary.' Relating to the ovary 
-as Ovarian pregnancy. 
Ovarian Artery, Spermatic artery-o. Nerves, 
Spermatic plexus of nerves - o. Pregnancy, see 
Pregnancy, ovarian-o. Veins, Spermatic veins- 
0. Vesicles, Folliculi Graafiani. 
OVARIOTOMY, Oariotomy. 
O'VARISTS, Ovists. Same etymon as Ovarian. 
Those physiologists who think that the phenomena 
of generation, in the human species and in every 
species of animal, result from the development 
of the ova or ovula of the female, merely incited 
by the male. Not many of the physiologists of 
the present day can be classed among the 
ovarists. 
OVARITIS, Oaritis. 
OVA'RIUM. Same etymon. The O'vary, 
Testis mulie'bris, T. femineus, Oa'rion, Ooph'o- 
ron, Gynoa'rium, Vesica'rium, (F.) Ovaire. The 
ovaries are the organs in which the ova are 
formed in oviparous animals. By analogy, the 
name has been given to the organs which the 
ancients called the testicles of the female. They 
are two ovoid bodies, almost as large as the testi- 
cles in men, placed on each side of the uterus, 
between the Fallopian tube and round ligament, 
and in the substance of the broad ligament. 
Their outer extremity gives attachment to one of 
the projections of the fimbriated extremity of the 
Fallopian tube; and the internal is fixed to the 
uterus by a small ligamentous cord, called Liga- 
men'tum rotun'dum ova'rii, Lig'ament of the O'va- 
ry. The ovaries are composed of a very close, 
629 
OVUM 
spongy texture-stroma,-and of small vesicles- 
Follic'uli Graafiani,- filled with a clear fluid : 
these vesicles contain ovules, which detach them- 
selves from the ovarium before and after fecun- 
dation, and are carried into the cavity of the ute- 
rus by the Fallopian tube. 
Ovarium Tumidum, Oarioncus - o. Nabothi, 
Nabothi glandulae. 
OVATUS, Oval. 
OVER-EATING, COLIC FROM, Colica cra- 
pulosa. 
OVERO BUTUA, Pareira brava. 
OVICAPSULE, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
OVIDUCTUS MULIEBRIS,TubaFallopiana. 
OVIG"EROUS, O'viger, Ovig"erus; from 
ovum, ' an egg,' and gero, ' I bear.' Containing 
or producing ova or eggs. 
0 VIPARITE, see Oviparous. 
OVIP'AROUS, Ovip'arus ; from ovum, 'an 
egg,' and pario, ' I bring forth.' An epithet ap- 
plied to animals which are hatched from eggs 
outside of the body. The condition may be 
termed Ovip'arousness, (F.) Oi'iparite. See Ge- 
neration. 
OVIPAROUSNESS, see Oviparous. 
OVISAC, see Folliculi Graafiani-o. Tunic of 
the, see Folliculi Graafiani. 
OVISTS, Ovarists. 
OVOLOGY, Oologia. 
OVO-VIVIP'AROUS, from ovum, 'an egg,' 
virus, 'living,' and pario, 'I bring forth.' Ovi- 
parous animals, whose ova are hatched within the 
mother,-vipers, for example. See Generation. 
OVULA GRAAFIANA, Folliculi Graafiani- 
o. Nabothi, Nabothi glandules. 
OVULA'TION; from ovulum, diminutive of 
ovum, 'an egg.' The formation of ova in the 
ovary, and the discharge of the same. 
Spontaneous Ovulation, (F.) Ovulation spon- 
tanie, is the spontaneous formation and discharge 
of ova which takes place in the female of the 
mammalia. See Heat. 
OVULINE, Decidua reflexa- 
O'VULUM, O'rule; diminutive of ovum, 'an 
egg.' A small egg. That which has the appear- 
ance of a small egg. See Ovum. 
OVUM, <i>ov, Oon, an egg. The eggs of poultry 
are chiefly used as food. The different parts are, 
likewise, employed in medicine. The shell, Au- 
ran'eum, Auran'tum, (F.) Coque d'oeuf, Coquille 
d'oeuf, calcined, is esteemed an absorbent. The 
Oil of the egg is emollient, and is used, exter- 
nally, to burns and chaps. The Yolk or Yelk 
of the egg-Vitel'lum seu Vitel'lus ovi-renders 
oils, <te., miscible with water. Eggs, when light 
boiled, are easy of digestion; but, when very 
hard-boiled or fried, they are more rebellious. 
Egg brandy is made by taking of Brandy fjiv; 
Cinnamon water, the yolks of two eggs; 
Sugar, gss; and Oil of cinnamon, gtt. ij. Mix 
the yolks of the eggs first with the water, the oil 
and the sugar, stirring constantly. Then add the 
brandy little and little, until a smooth fluid is 
formed. It is an agreeable mode of giving brandy 
in adynamic states. 
In Pharmacy, white of egg, which consists 
chiefly of albumen, is used for clarifying syrups, 
&c. Yolk of egg, (F.) Jaune d'oeuf, beaten up 
with warm water and sugar, and aromatized with 
orange-flower water, forms an emulsion, which is 
emollient, and known under the name Lait de 
poule or chicken's milk. 
Anatomists give the name Ova, O'vula, O'rules, 
(F.) CEufs, to round vesicles, containing a humour 
similar to the yolk of egg, which are situate in 
the ovaries of the female, and, when fecundated, OXALAS 
constitute the rudiments of the fcetus. During 
gestation, the embryo and its enveloping mem- 
branes retain the name Ovum, (F.) (Euf. The 
changes induced in the mammalia after impreg- 
nation greatly resemble those in the bird. 
Ovum, Testicle-o. Hystericum, see Clavus 
hystericus. 
OXALAS SUBPOTASSICUS, Potass, oxalate 
of. 
OXALAT'IC, Oxalat'icus. Relating to oxa- 
lates : hence Oxalat'ic or Oxalic acid Piath'esis 
is the habit of body which favours the formation 
and deposition of oxalates from the urine. 
OXAL'IC ACID, Acidum oxali'num, A. sac- 
.ihari'num, A. hydro-carbon'icum, A. acetosel'la, 
4. oxal'icum, Acidum sac'chari, Acid of sugar, 
Acid of sorrel, Car'bonous acid, from o£aAif, 'sor- 
rel.' An acid found in sorrel. It crystallizes in 
long, colourless, quadrangular prisms, and is ge- 
nerally found, in nature, united with lime or po- 
tassa. It has been proposed, in a diluted state, 
as a refrigerant, but it is unnecessary; and, be- 
sides, in quantity, it is a virulently acrid poison. 
It is largely employed for cleaning boot-tops; 
and, as it strongly resembles the sulphate of 
magnesia, has often been taken for it. Several 
fatal cases are, indeed, on record. For its anti- 
dotes, Ac., see Poison. 
OXALIC ACID DIATHESIS, see Oxalatic. 
OXALIDE, Oxalis acetosella. 
OXALIS ACETOSA, Rumex acetosa. 
Ox'alis Acetosel'la. 0. America'na, Oxys 
alba. The systematic name of the Woodsorrel, 
Cuckowbread, Sour Trefoil, White sorrel, Moun- 
tain Sorrel, Trifo'lium aceto' sum, OxitriphyI'lum, 
Lujula, Allelu'ja, Acetosel'la, Oxyphyl'lon, Oxy- 
triphyl'lon, Panis cu'culi, (F.) Surelle, Oxalide, 
Pain a Coucou, Alleluia. Family, Geraniae. Sex. 
Syst. Decandria Decagynia. This plant has a 
gratefully acid taste, and is used in salads. It 
has been esteemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and 
diuretic. 
Oxalis Americana, 0. acetosella. 
Oxalis Tubero'sa, Oca. A tuberous plant, 
whose oval-shaped root is used as food by the 
Peruvians. It is watery, has a sweetish taste, 
and is much liked. 
OXALIUM, Potass, oxalate of. 
OXAL'ME, from ol-vs, ' acid,' and 'a\{, ' salt.' 
A mixture of vinegar and salt. 
OXALU'RIA, Urine, oxalic. 
OXELAJ'ON, from ofvj, 'acid,' and ehaiov, 'oil.' 
A mixture of vinegar and oil, used as a condi- 
ment. 
OX EYE, Helenium autumnale-o. Gall, Bile 
of the ox. 
OXICEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
OXID, Oxyd. 
OXIDATION, Oxydation. 
OXIDE, Oxyd. 
OXIDUM, Oxyd, see Oxydum. 
OXI'NES, (oivo;,) from o|vj, 'acid.' 
Wine already sour, but not yet vinegar. 
OXITRIPIIYLLUM, Oxalis acetosella. 
OXODES, Acidulous. 
OXOIDES, Acidulous. 
OXOS, Aceticum acidum. 
OXYA, Fagus sylvatica. 
0XYA3STIIESIA, Hyperaesthesis. 
OXYAPHE, Hyperaphia. 
OXYAPHIA, Hyperaphia. 
0XYBAPHI0N, see Acetabulum. 
OXYBOL'IA, from ol-vs, 'quick,' and (3o\r>, 
'ejection.' Too rapid emission of sperm. 
OXYCANTHA, Mespilus oxyacantha. 
Oxycan'tha Gale'ni, Ber'beris, Rer'beris vul- 
ga'ris, Spina ac"ida, Crespi'uus, (F.) Epine vi- 
630 
OXYGEN 
nette, Vinettier. Family, Berberideae. Sex. Sy»t. 
Hexandria Monogynia. The Barberry. The fruit 
of the berries, Barberries, Pipperidges, is grate- 
fully acid, and moderately astringent. By pre- 
paring au alcoholic extract of the root and adding 
water to it, a pulverulent brown substance is 
thrown down, which, when dissolved in alcohol 
and evaporated, yields the bitter principle, Ber- 
berin, which is an excellent stomachic in the dose 
of 2, 5, or 10 grains. 
The American Barberry, Bar'beris Canaden'- 
sis, Pipperidge Bush, Sowberry, differs slightly 
from the European. It flourishes on mountains 
and hilly districts from Canada to Virginia. 
OXYCEDRE, Juniperus oxycedrus. 
OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxycoccos - o. Pa- 
lustris, Vaccinium oxycoccos. 
OX'YCRATE, Oxy era'turn, from ofvj, 'acid,' 
and Kpaiv, 'I mix;' Ponca, Phusca. A mixture 
of vinegar and water; frequently used in medi- 
cine as a refrigerant and antiseptic. 
OXYCRO'CEUM EMPLASTRUM, from ofrs, 
'acid,' and spoKos, 'saffron.' A plaster, composed 
of saffron, pitch, colophony, yellow wax, turpen- 
tine, galbanum, gum ammoniac, myrrh, olibanum, 
and mastic. It was employed as a strengthening 
plaster. 
OXYCUM, Oxygen. 
OXYD, Oxid, Oxide, Oxyde, Ox'ydum, Ox'- 
idum, from ofa, 'acid.' A combination, not 
acid, of a simple body with oxygen. 
OXYDA'TION, Oxyda'tio, Oxida'tion, Oxy- 
gena'tion. The action of oxydizing a body; that 
is, of combining it with oxygen; a combination 
from which results an oxyd. 
OXYDE, Oxyd. 
Oxyde, Cystic. A species of urinary calculus, 
having the shape of confused, yellowish, semi- 
transparent, insipid, very hard crystals. When 
distilled, it furnishes subcarbonate of ammonia, 
like all nitrogenized matters. It dissolves in the 
nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acids. 
OXYDE D'AXTIMOIXE SULFUBE, Oxy- 
dum stibii sulphuratum. 
0X1 DER'CIA, Oxydor'cia, Visits a'cies, from 
' quick,' and SepicecOai, ' to see.' Sharpness 
of vision. 
OXYDER'CICUS, Oxyder'ces, from ofvj, 
'sharp,' and btpmn, 'I see.' A medicine which 
sharpens the sight. 
0XYD0RCIA, Oxydercia. 
OXYDUM, Oxid-o. Antimonii cum phosphate 
calcis, Antimonial powder. 
Oxydum Ferri Nigrum, Ferri ox'idum ni- 
grum, Black oxyd of iron. The scales, which fall 
from iron, when heated, consist of iron, combined 
with oxygen. They have been used like the cha- 
lybeates in general. 
Oxydum Ferricum Crystallizatum Nati- 
vum, Haematites-o. Hydrargyri completum, Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum-o.llydrargyricum, Hy- 
drargyri nitrico-oxydum-o. Hydrargyricum prie- 
paratum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum-o. Hy- 
drargyrosum, Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum. 
Oxydum Stibii Sulphura'tum, Hepar anti- 
mo'nii, Cro'cus metallo'rum, Crocus antimo'nii, 
(F.) Oxy de d'antimoine sulfurt, Foie d'Anti- 
moine. This was formerly exhibited in the cure 
of fevers, but it is now rarely employed. 
OXYDUM URICUM, Uric oxide. 
OXYECOIA, Hyperacusis. 
OXYG'ALA, from o(vj, 'sour,'and ya\a, 'milk.* 
Sour milk. The Oxygala equi'num, Caracas'mos, 
is reckoned amongst the delicacies of the Tartars. 
OXYG'ARON, from ofvy, 'acid,' and yapov, 
'garum.' A composition of garum and vinegar. 
OX'YGEN, Oxygen ium, Empy'real air, Pure OXYGENATION 
«t'r, Vital air, Dephlogis' ticated air, Oxyg"enes, 
Ox'ycum, Princip'ium oxyg"enans seu oxygenet'- 
icum seu acid'ificans seu ac"idum, Elemen'tum 
acidif'icum, (F.) Oxygine, Air du feu; from ofus, 
'acid,' and yuvoyat, 'I engender,' that is, gene- 
rator of acids; and such it was believed to be, 
exclusicely, at the period when the name was 
given to it. This is now known not to be the 
case. Oxygen is largely distributed in nature. 
It exists in the air, in water, in several acids, in 
all the oxyds, and in vegetable and animal sub- 
stances, Ac. It is obtained by decomposing the 
peroxyd of manganese or the chlorate of potassa 
by heat in close vessels. Although oxygen, in 
the state of admixture in which it is found in the 
atmosphere, is of vital importance, it cannot be 
respired in a pure state with impunity. Animals 
die in it long before the whole of the oxygen is 
consumed. The properties of oxygen seem to be 
stimulant. It increases the force and velocity of 
the pulse, and has, accordingly, been used in 
cases of chronic debility, chlorosis, asthma, scro- 
fula, dropsy, paralysis, Ac. It requires to be diluted 
with from 10 to 20 parts of atmospheric air; one 
to two quarts being given during the day. 
OXYGENATION, Oxydation. 
OXYGENE, Oxygen. 
OXYGENESES. A name given by Baumes 
to diseases which he attributed to disordered ox- 
ygenation. 
OXYGEUSIA, Hypergeustia. 
OXYG'LICUS, Oxyg'lices, from ofvj, 'acid,' 
and yXuKwf, 'sweet;' Mulsa acida, Ace'turn mid- 
sum dulce. Prepared by macerating and boiling 
honey-comb (from which the greater part of the 
honey has been taken) in water, and adding vine- 
gar. An Oxymel. 
OXYLAPATHUM, Rumex acutus. 
OX'YMEL, Apom'eli, Mel aceta'tum, from <fvs, 
' acid,' and paXi, ' honey.' Honey and vinegar 
boiled to a syrupy consistence. 
Oxymel Liniraentum JEruginis. 
Oxymel Col'chici, Oxymel of meadow saffron, 
(F.) Oxymel colchiqut. (Pad. colch. recent, in 
laminae tenues sectce §j, aceti destillati Ibj, mellis 
despumat. pond. ibij. Macerate in a gentle heat 
for 48 hours. Press and boil the liquor with the 
honey to the thickness of a syrup; stirring 
a wooden spoon. Ph. D.) It is expectorant and 
diuretic. Dose, fgj, in gruel. 
OXYMEL COLCHIQUE, 0. colchici - o. of 
Meadow saffron, 0. colchici. 
Oxymel Oxymel of squills, Melscillce, 
Oxymel seillit'icum. (Mellis. despumat. Oiss, aceti 
scillce Oij. Boil in a glass vessel over a gentle tire 
to a proper consistence.) It is reputed to be ex- 
pectorant and diuretic. Dose, 5Jj. 
Oxymel, Simple, Oxymel simplex, is prepared 
as follows : (Mellis despumati Ibij, acidi acetici 
tbj. Boil in a glass vessel, over a slow fire, to a 
proper thickness. Ph. L.) It is cooling; - ex- 
ternally detergent. 
Oxymel oe Squill, 0. scillse. 
OXYMYRRHINE, Ruscus. 
OXYMYRSINE, Ruscus. 
OXYNGIUM, Adeps suillus. 
OXYNI'TRON, from ofu;, 'acid,' and VITQOV, 
'nitre.' Name of a plaster, composed chiefly of 
vinegar and nitre, and recommended by Aetius. 
OXYNOSEMA, Acute disease. 
OXYNOSOS, Acute disease. 
OXYNUSOS, Acute disease. 
OXYO'PIA, Galero'pia, Hyperop'sia, Suffu'sio 
cxcla'rans, Acies visus, from ofuj,'quick,' and 
off. 'sight.' Excessive acuteness of the sense of 
sight. Instances have occurred where persons 
could see the stars in the day time. The cause 
631 
OZONE 
is seated in great sensibility of the retina. The 
term has been used synonymously with nycta- 
lopia. 
OXYOSPHRE'SIA, Oxyosphra'sia, from ofuj, 
' acute,' and oatpprjan, ' smell. Excessive acuteness 
of the sense of smell. 
OXYPIILEGMA'SIA, Acu'ta et 
ve'hemens inflamma'tio. A violent inflammation. 
OXYPHfENICON, Tamarindus. 
OXYPIIO'NIA, Vox acu'ta; from 'sharp.' 
and <pu>vri, 'voice;' Parapho'nia clangens, P. ul- 
cero'sa, Clangor, Vox clango'sa, Leptopho'nia. 
A shrill and squalling voice; - frequently, a 
symptom of morbid affection of the larynx. 
OXYPIIYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
OXYPODIA, see Kyllosis. 
OXYPROTEIN, see Corium phlogisticum. 
OXYREG'MIA, ductus ac"idus, from o£v$, 
'sour,' and tptuyu, 'I belch.' Acid eructation. 
OXYR'IA RENIFORM'IS, Rum ex dig''y nut, 
Boreal sourdock, Mountain Sorrel, Welsh sorrel. 
A plant, Sex. Syst. Diandria digynia, which grows 
in the northern parts of America and Europe; 
blossoming in the spring. It possesses the same 
properties as oxalis acetosella. 
OXYRRHOD'INON, Ace'tum rosa'tum, from 
o(vj, ' acid,' and poiov, ' a rose.' A composition 
of vinegar and roses. (01. rosat. acet, rosat. 
3j-) Used as a liniment in herpes and erysipelas. 
OXYS, Acetum, Acid, Acute - o. Alba, Oxalis 
acetosella. 
OXYSAC'CHARUM, from o(vj, 'acid,' and 
' sugar.' A mixture of sugar and vine- 
gar. It was called Oxysac'charum vomiti'vum, 
when it held in solution the glass of antimony ; 
and Oxysac'charum scillit'icum, when it contained 
squills. 
OXYSAL DIAPHORET'ICUM AN'GELI 
SALJE. A preparation of Angelo Sala. Ace- 
tate of potass exposed to the atmosphere; and 
Consequently fallen into a state of deliquium.- 
Orfila. 
OXYTARTARUS, Potassic acetas. 
OXYTES, Acidities. 
OXYTOC'IA. Same etymon as the next. Ra- 
pidity of parturition. Too great rapidity of birth. 
OXYTOC'IC, Oxyt'ocus, from ofvs, ' quick,' and 
TiKTw, 'I bring forth.' A medicine which pro- 
motes delivery. 
OXYTRIPIIYLLON, Oxalis acetosella. 
OXYURE VERM1CULAIRE, Ascaris ver- 
micularis. 
OYSTER ROOT, Tragopogon - o. Shells, Os- 
treae testae-o. Prepared, Testa praeparata. 
OZjE'NA, Coryza enton'ica, C. purulen'ta, Py- 
orrhoea nasa'lis, Entozce'na, C. ozceno'sa, C. ulce- 
ro'sa, Coryza virulen'ta, C. malig'na, Rhini'tit 
ulcero'sa, Ulcus na'rium foetens, from o£a>, 'I smell 
of something.' (F.) Ozene, Punaisie. An affec- 
tion of the pituitary membrane, which gives oc- 
casion to a disagreeable odour, similar to that of 
a erushed bed-bug; hence the name Punais, by 
which the French designate one labouring under 
ozaana. It is, sometimes, owing to caries of the 
bones; but is, perhaps, most frequently depend- 
ent upon syphilitic ulceration of the pituitary 
membrane, with or without caries of the bones 
of the nose. 
Ozjena Benigna, Coryza, chronic. 
OZE, Breath, offensive. 
OZEMAN, Albumen. 
OZENE, Ozarna. 
OZONE : same etymon as Ozsena. The pow- 
erfully odorous matter produced when a current 
of ordinary electricity passes from pointed bodie« 
into the air. - Schbnbein. p 
PAIN 
632 
p. 
P. A contraction of Pugillus. 
P. JE. A contraction of Partes 
aquatesi 
P. P. A contraction of Pulvis 
patrum. 
See Abbre- 
viation. 
and ayX"> ' I strangle;' Angi'na Sicca. Name 
of a fatal species of cynanche, mentioned by M. 
A. Severinus; probably the Cynanche Trachealis, 
or Cynanche Maligna. 
PJEDARTHROCACE, Spina ventosa. 
PjEDATROPII'IA, Atrophia infan'tilis, Ma- 
ras'mus lactan'tium, from rats, ratios, 'a child,' 
a, privative, and rootyt], 'nourishment.' Atrophy 
of children. Tabes mesenterica. 
P.EDATROPHIA GlANDULOSA, Scrofula. 
P2EDERAS'TIA, Pcedogo'gium, Pcedica'tio, 
Cina'dia, from rats, 'a boy,' and tpws, 'love.' 
The love of boys. A disgraceful passion, com- 
mon in ancient times, but now unknown. These 
terms are likewise applied to the crime of sodomy. 
iraticia, 'learning.' Educa'tio in- 
fan'turn. The bringing up or education - phy- 
sical as well as moral - of children. 
PASDIATRI'A, Pcediat'rica, from iraij, 'a 
child,' and tarptia, 'medical management.' Treat- 
ment of the diseases of children. 
PA5DICATIO, Pirderastia. 
PASDICTERUS, Icterus infantum. 
P2EDOBAROMACROMETER, Baromaero- 
meter. 
PJEDOGOGIUM, Pmderastia. 
PEDOMETER, Baromacrometer. 
PAIDON'OSUS, from rats, ratios, 'a child,' 
and vocrof, 'disease.' A disease of childhood. 
PASDOPHLEBOTOM'IA, from rats, 'a child,' 
'a vein,' and ro/tr/, 'incision.' Ventesec'tio 
puero'rum. Bleeding performed on children. 
PjEDOT'RIBES, Min'ister Gymnas'tce, from 
rats, 'a child,' and rpi/Jw, 'I train.' In ancient 
gymnastics, the officer acquainted with all the 
prescribed exercises, and who carried them into 
effect, according to the directions of the superior. 
PjEO'NIA, P. offieina'lis seu mas'cula seu ne- 
mora'lis seu fem'ina seu loha'ta, Glycis'ide, Ila- 
mago'gum, Pe'ony, or Pi'ony, male and female. 
(E.) Pinoine, Pione. The root, flowers, and seeds 
were long esteemed powerful medicines. They 
are feebly astringent, and have been considered 
to be narcotic and antispasmodic. They have 
been given, particularly, in intermittents and 
epilepsy, but are not now used. The flowers are 
called Rosa benedic'tce, JI. re'gia. 
PA50NICE, Medicine. 
PJEONICUS, Medical. 
PA10NIUS, Medical. 
PtEOSYNE, Medicine. 
PAGAPOPLEX'IA, from rayttv, 'to nail fast,' 
and arorhifaa, ' apoplexy.' Apoplexy from cold. 
PAIDIA, Infancy. 
PAIDION, Infans. 
PAIGIL, Primula veris. 
PAIN, (old F.) painer, 'to torment;' Sax. 
pinan, 'to torture.' Dolor, Algos, Alge'ma, Al- 
ge'do, Alge'sis, Od'yne, (F.) Douleur. A disa- 
greeable sensation, which scarcely admits of de- 
finition. It is generally symptomatic, and is 
called acute, (F.) aigu'e, when very violent; pun- 
gent, (F.) pongitive, when it resembles that which 
would be produced by a sharp instrument run 
into the part: heavy, (F.) gravative, when at- 
tended with a sensation of weight; tensive, when 
the part seems distended: lan'cinating, when oc- 
curring in shoots : lac'erating or tearing, when 
the part seems to be tearing: burning, (F.) 6rft- 
lante, when resembling that produced by a burn, 
&c. 
PAB'ULUM, Trophe, Phorbe, Alimen' turn, Nu- 
trimen'tum. Food, aliment. The animal heat 
and animal spirits-unmeaning terms-were for- 
merly considered the Pabulum vita. 
PACAY, Prosopis dulcis. 
PACCIIIO'NI, GLANDS OF, Glan'dulae Dura 
Matris, G. dura Menin'gis, Tuber'cula parva du- 
ra matris, Cor'pora glandifor'mia dura matris, 
(F.) Granulations cerebrales. Small, whitish, or 
yellowish bodies, sometimes separate, at others 
united like a bunch of grapes, which are ob- 
served in several parts of the dura and pia mater. 
They receive vessels, but apparently no nerves. 
Their texture and uses are unknown. A con- 
siderable number is observed in the longitudinal 
sinus, covered by the internal membrane. 
PACHjE'MIA, Pachya'mia, Pacha'ma, Pa- 
chyce'ma, from rayvs, ' thick,' and 'atya, ' blood. 
Too great thickness of the blood. 
PACIIEABLEPHARO'SIS, Pacheableph'ara, 
Pachybleph'aron, Pachybtepharo'sis, Pach'ytes, 
from ' thick,' and ' an eyelid.' 
A name given, by some authors, to a thickening 
of the eyelids, produced by tubercles or excres- 
cences formed on their margins. It is the same 
affection as that which Sauvages designates Ca- 
li'go d Pacheablepharo'si. 
PACHETOS, see Laqueus. 
PACHULOSIS, Pachylosis. 
PACIIY'AIMIA, Pachremia. 
PACHYBLEPHARON, Pacheablepharosis. 
PACHYCHOL'IA, from rayys, 'thick,' and 
•Xykn, ' bile.' Morbid thickness of the bile. 
PACHYLO'SIS, Pachulo'sis, from ra%y$, 
'thick.' An inordinate production of the epi- 
dermis dependent upon hypertrophy of the pa- 
pillie of the skin.-E. Wilson. 
PACHYNSIS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
PACHYNTICA, Incrassantia. 
PACHYSMUS, Polysarcia adiposa. 
PACHYTES, Pacheablepharosis. 
PACINIAN CORPUSCLES, see Corpuscles. 
„PACKING, OF THE HYDROPATHISTS; 
Emaillotage. 
PACKWAX, see Micha. 
PAD, (S.) Pajado, from paja, 'straw.' Plu- 
mace'olus, Pulvil'lus, Pulvin'ulus, Parvum pul- 
vi'nar;- a cushion, a little cushion; a junk; (F.) 
Coussinet. A small bag, filled with feathers, 
wool, hair, bran, chaff, <tc. It is used to com- 
press or support parts. In the treatment of cer- 
tain fractures, soft pads or cushions, called by 
the French Remplissages, are placed between the 
splints and the fractured limb, in order that the 
prominent parts may not be chafed by the splints. 
PADDIE, see Oryza. 
PADDY, see Oryza. 
PADNOON, Bit noben. 
PAD'UA, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
Padua, in Italy, there are several thermal, sul- 
phureous springs; the hottest of which is 188° 
Fahr. The chief establishments are Abano, Bat- 
taglia, and Montegrotto. 
PADUS, Primus padus - p. Avium, Prunus 
padus - p. Lauro cerasus, Prunus lauro-cerasus. 
PJEDAN'CHONE, from irai;, iraidoj, 'a child,' PAIN 
Pain, Sun, Hemicrania. 
PAIN, see Triticum-p. d Coucou, Oxalis ace- 
tosella-p. de Madagascar, Jatropha manihot- 
p. de Pourceau, Cyclamen. 
PAINS, AFTER, see P. labour. 
Pains, Gnawing, Dolo'res roden'tes. Pains re- 
sembling what might be produced by the gnaw- 
ing of an animal. 
Pains, Labour pains, Throes, Throws, Partu- 
rien'tis dolo'res, Odin, Odis, Dolo'res ad par turn, 
Torm'ina parturientium, (F.) Mai d'Enfant, Dou- 
leurs. The uneasy sensations that accompany 
labour, and are owing to uterine contraction. 
The pains that precede actual delivery, and are 
simply employed in dilating the os uteri, are 
called grinding ; those which extrude the child, 
forcing. Those which take place in the first 
days after delivery, and are employed in forcing 
away coagula, Ac., are termed After pains, Do- 
lo'res seu Tormina post partum, D. puerpera'rum, 
(F.) Tranchees uterines. 
" To take a pain," - "To try a pain," - is to 
make an examination per vaginam, during la- 
bour, to discover its progress, character, Ac. 
The French term the pains, which precede and 
announce labour, mouches; those which accom- 
pany it, douleurs ; and those which occur imme- 
diately afterwards, tranchees ou coliques. 
PAINT, from pingere, pinctum, 'to paint,' (I.) 
pinto, (F.) peint; Pigmen'tum, Fucus, (F.) Fard. 
A name given to different substances, employed 
for embellishing the complexion or rendering the 
skin softer. The substances most commonly used 
for this purpose are:-the Subnitrate of Bismuth, 
(F.) Blanc de fard. A spirituous solution of 
benzoin, precipitated by water, and forming Vir- 
gin's milk, (F.) Lait virginal; the red or rouge 
of the carthamus; Spanish white; the oxides of 
lead, tin, and mercury, vermilion, red saunders, 
Ac. All paints may be said to be noxious. They 
injure the skin ; obstruct perspiration ; and, thus, 
frequently lay the foundation for cutaneous affec- 
tions. See Cosmetic. 
Paint, Indian, Hydrastis Canadensis, Sangui- 
naria Canadensis - p. Yellow, Hydrastis Cana- 
densis. 
PAL2ESTRA, Gymnasium. 
PALAIS, Palate. 
PALATAL, Palatine. 
PALATE, Pala'tum, Hypero'a, Hypero'um, 
Uranis'cos, Roof of the mouth, Fossa Palati'na, 
Palatum stab'He, Hard Palate, (F.) Palais. The 
upper part of the cavity of the mouth ; a kind of 
parabolic vault, formed by the two superior max- 
illary bones, and the two palate bones covered 
with a thick and dense mucous membrane: 
bounded, before and at the sides, by the superior 
dental arch; and, behind, by the velum palati. 
A whitish line runs along the middle, from be- 
fore to behind; at the anterior extremity of which 
is a tubercle corresponding to the inferior orifice 
of the anterior palatine canal. The arteries of 
the palate and corresponding gums proceed from 
the palatine, alveolar, infra-orbitar, labial, and 
buceal branches. The veins follow a similar 
course. The nerves are given off from the pala- 
tine, facial, infra-orbitar, superior dental, and 
from the naso-palatine ganglion. 
Palate, Artific'Tal, (F.) Obturateur du Pa- 
lais. A plate of tortoise-shell, silver, Ac., used 
to close a deficiency of the palate. 
Palate Bone, Os Pala'ti, Os basila're, (F.) 
Os Palatin, Os du Palais, is a small bone, of an 
irregular shape, situate at the posterior part of 
the nasal fossae and palate. It seems formed by 
the union of two bony plates joined at right an- 
gles to each other; so that one is inferior and 
horizontal; - the other, superior and vertical. 
633 
PALATINE 
The horizontal or palatine portion, Arch of the 
palate, is quadrilateral. Its upper surface forms 
part of the nasal fossae ; the lower forms part of 
the palatine arch, and contains the inferior orifice 
of the posterior palatine canal. Its anterior edge 
is articulated with the palatine process of the 
superior maxillary bone; the posterior is free 
and sharp. It gives attachment to the velum 
palati, and presents an eminence, which, when 
joined with one on the opposite side, forms the 
posterior nasal spine. Its inner edge is articu- 
lated with the corresponding bone; its outer is 
confounded with the vertical portion. The ver- 
tical or ascending portion has the form of a long 
square. The inner surface forms part of the 
outer paries of the nasal fossa1. Its outer sur- 
face is unequal, and is articulated with the supe- 
rior maxillary bone; behind, it presents a verti- 
cal groove, which forms part of the posterior 
palatine canal; and, above, a small free surface, 
which looks into the zygomatic fossa. Its ante- 
rior edge is united with the superior maxillary 
bone; the posterior is unequal, and rests on the 
internal ala of the pterygoid process. The angle, 
which it forms by uniting with the posterior edge 
of the horizontal portion, presents a very promi- 
nent pyramidal eminence, called the tuberosity of 
the palate bone. Its upper margin is surmounted 
by two eminences;-the one, anterior, called the 
orbitar process; - the other posterior, the sphe- 
noid process. These two processes are separated 
by an almost circular notch, which the sphenoid 
bone forms into a foramen, called the spheno- 
palatine. 
This bone appears to be developed from a single 
point of ossification. It is articulated, with the 
sphenoid, ethmoid, the cornua sphenoidalia, su- 
perior maxillary bone, the inferior spongy bone, 
the vomer, and its fellow. 
Palate, Cleft, see Harelip-p. Falling down 
of the, Uvulitis - p. Fissured, see Harelip - p. 
Hard, Palate - p. Soft, Velum pendulum palati. 
PAL'ATINE, Pal'atal, Palati'nus, Pal'atic, 
from palatum, 1 the palate.' Relating or belong- 
ing to the palate. 
Palatine or Palatal Arteries are two in 
number. They are distinguished into, 1. The 
superior palatal or palatine, Palati'na descen'- 
dens or Pal'ato-max'illary, which leaves the in- 
ternal maxillary behind the top of the orbit; de- 
scends into the pterygo-maxillary fissure, and 
enters the posterior maxillary canal. Its branches 
are distributed to the velum palati and the nasal 
fossae. 2. The inferior or ascending palatine or 
palatal, which is very small, and separates from 
the facial near its origin. It passes along the 
lateral and superior part of the pharynx, between 
the pillars of the velum palati, and divides into 
a number of ramusculi, which are distributed to 
the pharynx, the corresponding tonsil, the Eus- 
tachian tube, and the velum palati. 
Palatine Canals or Ducts. These are two 
in number. The anterior, Ductus incisi'vus vel 
Nasa'lo-palati'nus, Inci'sive canal, is situate at 
the anterior part of the palatine arch, and is 
formed by the two superior maxillary bones. It 
is single beneath, but opens above by two aper- 
tures, one into each nasal fossa. The foramen is 
called Fora'men incisi'vum vel F. Palatinum ante'- 
rius, F. Alveola're ante'rius, and F. cceenm ossie 
maxilla'ris snperio'ris. The posterior palatine 
canal is situate at the posterior part of the palate. 
It is formed by the palate and superior maxillary 
bones, ascends between these two bones; and, in 
its course, gives rise to two or three small acces- 
sary palatine canals, which open above the tuber- 
osity of the palate bone. It transmits the nerves 
and vessels which bear its name. T be foramen PALATITE 
is called, F. Palati'num ponte'ruu, F. Palato- 
maxilla're, F. alveola' re paste' rias. 
Palatine Membrane is the fibro-mucous mem- 
brane that lines the palate or roof of the mouth. 
Palatine or Palatal Nerves, Gutturo-pala- 
tins, (Ch.) are three in number; and arise from 
the inferior part of the spheno-palatine ganglion. 
1. The great palatine, Palatin inferieur, (Ch.) 
is situate anteriorly to the two others, and de- 
scends into the posterior palatine canal; gives a 
nasal filament and a staphyline filament, and is 
distributed on the palate. 2. The middle pala- 
tine, Guttural, (Ch.,) which arises behind the pre- 
ceding; enters one of the accessary palatine ca- 
nals, and is distributed to the tonsils and velum 
palati. 3. The little palatine nerve, situate still 
more backward than the last, which loses itself 
by several filaments in the uvula, tonsils, and fol- 
licles of the palatine membrane. 
PAL A TITE, Isthmitis. 
PALATITIS, Uranisconitis. 
PALATO-GLOSSUS, Glossostaphylinus. 
li'nus, Staphyli'no-pharyngeus, Thyro-pharyn'- 
go-staphyli'nus, part of the Hypero-pharyngeus, 
(F.) Palato-pharyngien, Stylo-pharyngien (Ch.) A 
membranous muscle, broader at its middle than 
at its extremities, and situate vertically in the 
lateral paries of the pharynx and velum palati. 
It includes the perystaphylo-pharyngeus, pha- 
ryngo-staphylinus, and thyro-staphylinus of 
Winslow. When the two palato-pharyngei con- 
tract together, they depress the velum. They 
elevate and shorten the pharynx, and act princi- 
pally in deglutition. 
PALATO-PHAR YNGIEN, Palato-pharyn- 
geus - p. Salpingeus, Circumflexus-p. Salpin- 
gien, Circumflexus. 
PALATOSTAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle. 
PALATUM FISSUM, Hyperoochasma -p. 
Molle, Velum pendulum palati - p. Pendulum, 
Velum pendulum palati. 
PALE, Pollen. 
PALE NE S S, Pallor, Ooh'rotes, Ochro'ma, 
Ochri'asis, Leuco'sis, Dealba'tio, Luror, (F.) 
Pdleur. Whiteness of complexion. It appears 
to be owing to a diminution or alteration of the 
blood circulating in the capillary vessels, and is 
often a sign of disease. 
PALES COULEURS, Chlorosis. 
PALETTE, (F.) Pal'mula, Fer'ula. An in- 
strument of percussion. It has the shape of a 
spatula with a long handle ; is made of very light, 
white wood, and has been proposed, by Mr. Percy, 
for what is called the Massage, a kind of pressure 
or kneading, exerted by the hand on the body 
and limbs to excite the tone of the skin and sub- 
jacent tissues. 
Palette also means a cup for bleeding, and the 
xiphoid cartilage (?). 
PALETTE A PANSEMENT. A small splint 
of thin, scooped wood, having the shape of the 
hand, and used to support the hand in certain 
cases-when burnt, for example-in order to pre- 
vent the fingers from being deformed by the cica- 
trices. 
PALETTE DE CABANIS. An instrument, 
invented by Cabanis of Geneva to draw out the 
extremity of the stylet when passed into the nose, 
in the operation for fistula lachrymalis. It is 
composed of two plates of silver, pierced with 
several holes, and movable on each other. To 
use it, the instrument must be carried into the 
nose, so that the holes of the two plates corres- 
pond. When the end of the stylet is received 
into one of these holes, it is pinched, by sliding one 
of the plates on the other, and is easily withdrawn. 
634 
PALMAR 
PALEUR, Paleness. 
PALI PLAGUE, see Plague. 
PALILLO, Campomanesia lineatifolia. 
PALIMPISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
PALINCOTESIS, Recrudescentia. 
PALINDROME, Palindromia. 
PALINDROM'IA, Palin' drome, from ira\iv, 
' again,' and <5po/iof, ' a course.' This word sig- 
nifies, with some, a reflux of fluids from the exte- 
rior towards the interior; and, according to others, 
the relapse of an affection-the recurrence - Re- 
cur'sio, Repetit"io - of a paroxysm or disease,- 
Morbus recidi'vus, Morbi recur'sus. 
PALINGENESIA, Regeneration. 
PALLIA'TION, Pallia'tio, from palliare, 'to 
cover, mask ;' from pallium, ' a mantle.' The act 
of palliating - that is, of causing the symptoms 
of a disease to mitigate, without curing it. The 
medical art can frequently only moderate the 
symptoms of a disease, prevent it from making 
progress, prolong the days of the patient, and di- 
minish his sufferings. This is a. palliative treat- 
ment. 
PAL'LIATIVE, Palliati'vus, Antipath'ic, 
Enantiopath' ic. A remedy or mode of treatment, 
which only relieves a disease, without curing it. 
The palliative treatment- Cura palliati'va, is 
placed in antithesis to the radical,Cara radica'lis; 
see Radical. 
PALLIDULUS, Blafard. 
PALLIDUS MORBUS, Chlorosis. 
PALLOR, Paleness - p. Virginum, Chlorosis. 
PALM, Palma, Vola, V. manAs, Plate'a, The- 
nar, Ages, Agos'tus, Poc'ulum, Pat'era, Supellcx 
seu Supellec'tile Diog"enis, (F.) Paume ou Crenx 
de la main. The hollow or inside of the hand. 
It is limited, without, by the thenar eminence, 
which answers to the thumb; within, by the hy- 
pothenar eminence, which answers to the little 
finger; above, by the wrist-joint; and, below, by 
the four fingers. 
PALMA CHRISTI, Ricinus communis - p. 
Cocos, Cocos nucifera-p. Dactylifera, Date tree 
-p. Humilis, Musa paradisiaca-p. Unguentari- 
orum, Myrobalanus. 
PALMJE U'TERI PLICA'TTE, Arbor vita, 
uteri'nus, A. u'teri viv'ificans. The arborescent 
striae in the interior of the cervix uteri. 
PALM AIRE CUTANE, Palmaris brevis-p. 
Grand, Palmaris magnus - p. Grele, Palmaris 
longus -p. Long, Palmaris longus. 
PALMAR, Palma'ris, from palma, ' the palm 
of the hand.' That which concerns the palm of 
the hand. The palm has, sometimes, been di- 
vided into three regions, called palmar. 1. The 
external palmar region corresponds to the thenar 
eminence. 2. The internal palmar region is 
formed by the hypothenar eminence : and, 3. The 
middle palmar region is the hollow of the hand, 
(F.) Creux de la main. 
Palmar Aponeuro'sis, Palmar fas'cia. A 
strong triangular aponeurosis, which arises from 
the inferior tendon of the palmaris brevis, and 
the anterior annular ligament of the carpus. It 
covers the whole palm of the hand, and adheres, 
somewhat strongly, to the skin of the part. The 
palmar ligaments are small, very numerous, 
fibrous fasciae, which unite the different bones of 
the carpus and metacarpus. 
Palmar Arches, (F.) Arcades ou Crosses pal- 
maires. The curved extremities of the radial and 
cubital arteries in the palm of the hand. There 
are two palmar arches: - the one cubital or su- 
perficial,-grande Arcade palmaire of Chaussier, 
furnishes, at its convexity towards the fingers, 
the collateral arteries of the fingers, and the in- 
ternal collateral of the thumb; the other, the 
radial, profound, or deep-seated,-petite Arcadt PALMARIS 
palmaire of Chaussier, is deep in the palm of the 
hand beneath the tendons of the flexor muscles 
of the fingers. It gives some small branches 
only to the surrounding parts. The palmar veins 
accompany the corresponding arteries. 
Palmar Arteries, see Palmar arches-p. 
Fascia, P. aponeurosis. 
Palmar Muscles. These are three in num- 
ber. 1. Palma'ris Magnus, Flexor carpi radia'lis, 
dladia'lis intern'us, (F.) Epitrochlo-metacarpien 
(Ch.), Palmaire grand, Radial anterieur. A long 
fusiform muscle, which passes obliquely from the 
inner tuberosity of the humerus to the upper ex- 
tremity of the second metacarpal bone. It bends 
the hand. 2. Palmaris longue, Latescen'tis chordae, 
Ulna'ris grac"ilis, (F.) Epitrochlo-carpi-pal- 
maire (Ch.), Palmaire long, P. grele. This muscle 
is situate on the inner side of the last. It is very 
slender, and passes from the inner tuberosity of 
the humerus to the anterior annular ligament of 
the carpus, and to the palmar aponeurosis, which 
it seems to form by the vanishing of its fibres. It 
stretches the palmar aponeurosis, and bends the 
hand. 3. Palmaris Brevis, Caro quadra'ta, Car- 
pia'us, (F.) Palmaire cutane. A small, thin, 
quadrilateral muscle; situate before the thenar 
eminence. It passes from the annular ligament 
of the carpus to the integuments of the palm of 
the hand, which it wrinkles by its contractions. 
Palmar Veins, see Palmar arches. 
PALMARIS BREVIS, see Palmar muscles - 
p. Longus, see Palmar muscles - p. Magnus, see 
Palmar muscles. 
PALMETTO, SAW, Chamaerops serratula. 
PALMI-PHALANGIENS, Lumbricales ma- 
ims. 
PALMISTRY, Chiromancy. 
PALMOSCOP'IA, from 'palpitation,' 
and oko-kcm, 'I view.' Investigation of the beat- 
ing of the heart and pulse. Prognosis from the 
beating of the heart and pulse. 
PALMULA, Date, Palette. 
PALMUS, Palpitation-p. Cordis, Palpitation 
- p. Plumbarius, Colic, metallic - p. Vomitus, 
Vomiting. 
PALO DE CALENTURAS, Calenturas. 
PALOS DE CALENTURA, Cinchona. 
PALPA'TION, from (F.) palper, to feel. The 
sense of touch. It is also used for the mode of 
exploring disease by feeling or pressing upon the 
diseased organ. 
PAL'PEBRA, supposed to be from palpitare, 
' to palpitate,' owing to its frequent motion (?) 
Bleph'aron, Oper'culum seu Cooper'culum oc'uli, 
Eyelid, (F.) Paupibre. The eyelids are two 
movable vela, situate in front of the eye; which 
by their separation permit the organ to receive 
the impression of light, or by their greater or less 
occlusion protect it from the influence of too 
great light, or from the action of extraneous bo- 
dies. They are separated, above, from the fore- 
head, by the eyebrows; and, below, are con- 
founded with the cheeks. They are distinguished 
into upper, Palpebra major seu superior, Epicyl'- 
ium, - and lower, Palpebra minor seu inferior, 
Hypocoe'lis, Hypocce'lum, Hypoc'ylum. The for- 
mer is much broader and more movable than the 
latter. They are separated by a transverse cleft; 
and their edges are thick, and furnished with the 
cilia or eyelashes. Supported by the tarsal car- 
tilages, they unite at the extremities of the trans- 
verse diameter of the orbit, forming two angles, 
the innermost being called the greater angle of 
the eye, or inner or greater canthus; the other, 
the lesser or external angle or canthus. They are 
formed, 1. Of a thin dermoid texture: 2. Of a 
muscular membrane, - a portion of the orbicu- 
635 
PALUDOSUS 
laris: 3. Of a particular fibrous membrane : 4. Of 
the tarsi: 5. Of a mucous membrane,- apart of 
the tunica conjunctiva. 
Their vessels and nerves are called PalpebraL 
Palpebra Inferior Extrorsum Flexa, Ec- 
tropion- p. Tertia, Valvula semilunaris. 
PALPEBRJE SUPERIORIS PRIMUS, Le- 
vator palpebrae superioris. 
PAL'PEBRAL, Palpebra'lis, from palpebra, 
' the eyelid.' That which belongs or relates to 
the eyelid. 
Palpebral Arteries are those distributed to 
the eyelids. They are two in number; an upper 
and a lower. The former arises from the oph- 
thalmic, a little beyond the cartilaginous pulley 
of the greater oblique muscle, and descends to- 
wards the upper eyelid, over which it is distri- 
buted. The latter arises at the side of, and a 
little behind, the preceding, and sends its rami- 
fications to the lower eyelid and the neighbouring 
parts. The palpebral veins have a similar ar- 
rangement; except that some of them open into 
the temporal and labial veins. 
Palpebral Flux, Puriform. A puriform 
discharge, furnished by the glands of Meibomi- 
us, when inflamed; and to which Scarpa attri- 
butes fistula lachrymalis, in many cases. 
Palpebral Ligaments are distinguished into 
superior and inferior. Some anatomists, with 
Winslow, have described, under this name, the 
fibrous layer wnich is attached, - on the one 
hand, to the outer part of the circumference of 
the orbit; on the other, to the tarsal cartilages. 
Palpebral Nerves, Nerves of the eyelids, 
arise, particularly, from the frontal and lachry- 
mal branches; from the ophthalmic nerve of 
Willis; and from the facial, nasal, and infra- 
orbitar branch of the superior maxillary nerve. 
PALPEBRALIS, Orbicularis palpebrarum. 
PALPEBRARUM APERIENS RECTUS, Le- 
vator palpebras superioris - p. Duo musculi, Or- 
biculares palpebrarum. 
PALPEBRATIO, Nictation. 
PALPITATIO, Palpitation-p. Arteriarum, 
see Palpitation - p. Cordis trepidans, Cardio- 
tromus. 
Palpitatio Membro'rum. A term used by 
Gaubius for involuntary shaking of the legs. 
PALPITA'TION, Palpita'tio, Palmus, P. Cor- 
dis, Palpita'tio seu Pulsa'tio Cordis, Tremor Cor- 
dis, Vibra'tio Cardi'aca seu Cordis, Cardiog'mus, 
Cardiopal'mus, Subsul'tio, Clonus Palpita'tio, 
(F.) Palpitation, P. du Ceeur. A name given to 
the pulsations of the heart, when they become 
stronger, more extensive, or more sensible to the 
individual, than ordinarily. Palpitations occur 
in a number of affections. They are, sometimes, 
owing to organic diseases of the heart, hypertro- 
phy, inflammation, Ac.; at others, to a disease 
in some other viscus; whilst, frequently, they 
are merely nervous. 
Palpitation is sometimes felt in the arteries, 
constituting Palpitatio Arterio'sa. 
PALPITATION DU CCEUll, Palpitation. 
PALSIED, Paralytic. 
PALSY, Paralysis-p. Bell's, Paralysis, Bell's. 
Palsy, Lead, Paral'ysis Batumi'na, P. metal'- 
lica, (F.) Paralysis saturnine, Metal'lie Palsy, 
Painters' Palsy. The paralysis of the upper ex- 
tremities especially, induced by the poison of 
lead. 
Palsy, Metallic, see Palsy, lead - p. Paint- 
ers', P. lead - p. Shaking, Paralysis agitans-- 
p. Trembling, Paralysis agitans. 
PALTA, Persea gatissima. 
PALUDAL, Elodes. 
PALUDAPIUM, Apium graveolens. 
PALUDOSUS, Elodes. PALUS 
PALUS, Marsh, Penis-p. Sanctus, Guaiacum. 
PAMBIOMA, Panbioma. 
PAMOISON, Syncope. 
PAMPINIFORM PLEXUS, Corpus pampini- 
forme. 
PAMPINIFORME CORPUS, see Corpus pam- 
piniforme. 
PAMPLE'GIA, Panplegia, from irav, 'all,' 
and irAr/yw, ' I strike.' General paralysis. Palsy 
of the whole body. 
PANACE'A, Gathol'icon, Cathol'icum, from irav, 
' all,' and aKeoyai, ' I cure.' Universa'le reme'- 
dium, Panchres'tos. A pretended universal re- 
medy. There is no such thing in existence. 
Panacea Ducis Holsatias, Potass® sulphas 
-p. Duplicata, Potass® sulphas - p. Lapsorum, 
Arnica montana - p. Mercurialis, Hydrargyri 
submurias - p. Mercurii rubri, Hydrargyri ni- 
trico-oxiduin-p. Pectoris, Glechoma hederacea 
-p. Vegetabilis, Crocus. 
PANA'DA, diminutive of Ital. pane, 'bread,' 
(Lat. panis,) Pana'ta, Panatel'la. Bread, boiled 
in water to the consistence of pap. Sometimes 
administered to the sick. 
Simple Bread Panada may be made by put- 
ting any quantity of grated stale bread into 
enough water to form a moderately thick pulp; 
covering it up, and leaving it to soak for an 
hour; then beating it up with two tablespoonfuls 
of milk, and a small portion of refined sugar, and 
boiling the whole for ten minutes, stirring all the 
time. 
PANARIS, Paronychia. 
PANARITIUM, Paronychia. 
PANARIUM, Paronychia. 
PANATA, Panada. 
PANATELLA, Panada. 
PANAX COSTINUM, Pastinaca opoponax - 
p. Heracleum, Pastinaca opoponax-p. Pastina- 
cea, Pastinaca opoponax. 
Panax Quinquefo'lium, Aurelia'na Gana- 
den'sis, Ara'ba Canaden'sis, Ginseng, Ninsing, 
Gensang, Redberry, Five-fingers. Family, Ara- 
liace®. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monoecia. This 
plant grows in Tartary and North America. The 
root is about the thickness of the little finger; an 
inch or two in length, often dividing into two 
branches; of a whitish-yellow colour; wrinkled 
on the surface, and of a compact, almost horny, 
texture. It has no smell, but a very sweet taste, 
combined with a slight degree of aromatic bitter- 
ness. It is much esteemed by the Chinese, who 
pay a high price for it. It is a gentle and agree- 
able stimulant. 
PANBIO'MA, Pambio'ma, from irav, ' all,' and 
0io;, 'life.' The original animating principle. 
The general principle of life. 
PANCHRESTOS, Panacea. 
PANCHYMAGO'GUM, Pantago'gon, from irav, 
'all,' xypos, 'juice,' and ayw, 'I drive away.' A 
medicine which the ancients believed capable of 
purging away all sorts of humours. 
Panchymagogum Minerale, Hydrargyri sub- 
murias. 
PANCCENOSUS, Pandemic. 
PANCGENUS (MORBUS), Pandemic. 
PANCRATIUM, Pancreas. 
PAN'CREAS, from irav, 'all,' and Kpeaj, 'flesh;' 
i. e. 'quite fleshy.' Callic'reas, Panora'tium, 
Pan'creum, Lactes, Pulvi'nar ventri'culi, Totum 
camo' sum, Gland'ula saliva'lis abdom'inis, Pan- 
cre'ne. A gland, deeply seated in the abdomen, 
and lying transversely on the vertebral column, 
between the three curvatures of the duodenum, 
behind the stomach, and to the right of the sploen. 
Its left extremity is called the tail of the pan- 
creas ; it is smaller than the right, which is called 
the head. At its right portion, it has, almost 
636 
PANDEMY 
always, a greater or less prolongation; called, by 
Winslow, and some others, the lesser pancreas, 
(F.) Petit pancreas, Pancreas of Aselli, Pancreas 
minus. The pancreas resembles the salivary 
glands in structure, and has been called the Ab- 
dominal Salivary Gland. It is composed of lobes 
and granulated lobules, distinct, and united by 
areolar tissue. From each of the granulations 
of these lobes arise the radicles of its excretory 
duct, which are very delicate, and united like 
veins. The duct itself, Ductus Pancreat'icus, 
Canal or Duct of Wirsung or (F.) 
Canal pancriatique, proceeds in a serpentine 
course through the substance of the organ; and 
when it has reached behind the second portion 
of the duodenum, it becomes free, and is of the 
size of a crow's quill. It opens at an acute angle 
into the choledoch duct, or proceeds close to it, 
opening separately into the duodenum. The 
Pancreatic arteries are very numerous and small. 
They proceed from the coeliac, splenic, superior 
mesenteric, right gastro-epiploic, coronaria ven- 
triculi, and left capsular. Its veins open into 
the radicles of the vena porta ; and, particularly, 
into the splenic and lesser mesenteric. Its nerves 
emanate from the solar plexus, and its lympha- 
tics pass into ganglions, to which it gives its 
name. The pancreas secretes the Pancreatic 
juice, Succus seu Liquor Pancreat'icus, Lympha 
Pancrea'tis, which resembles the saliva. 
Pancreas of Aselli, see Pancreas - p. Mi- 
nus, see Pancreas-p. Petit, see Pancreas - p. 
Second, Brunner's glands. 
PANCREATAL'GIA, from irayspeaf, 'the pan- 
creas,' and aXyos, ' pain.' Pain or disease of the 
pancreas. 
PANCREATEMPIIRAX'IS, from TrayKpcat, 
'the pancreas,' and cp<f>paaa<i>, 'I obstruct.' Ob- 
struction of the pancreas. 
PANCREAT'IC, Pancreat'icus. Same etymon 
as Pancreas. Relating to or affecting the pan- 
creas. 
Pancreatic Arteries, see Pancreas-p. Duct, 
see Pancreas-p. Juice, see Pancreas-p. Nerves, 
see Pancreas-p. Veins, see Pancreas. 
Pancreat'ic Sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em- 
pliy'ma sarco'ma pancreat'icum. A tumour, in 
irregular masses, connected by loose fibrous sub- 
stance, like the irregular masses of the pancreas. 
Found in the areolar substance; but, more usu- 
ally, in lymphatic glands, chiefly in the female 
breast. 
PANCREATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio pancrea'tis, 
(F.) Inflammation du Pancreas. Inflammation 
of the pancreas; - an affection, the phenomena 
of which are not well known. 
PAN'CREATOID, from nayicpeas, 'the pan- 
creas,' and ci5oj, 'appearance.' Pancreato'i'des. 
A tumour resembling the pancreas in structure. 
PANCREATON'CUS, from irayKptas, 'the pan- 
creas,' and oyicos, 'a swelling.' Tumour of the 
pancreas. 
PANCRENE, Pancreas. 
PANCREUM, Pancreas. 
PANDA'LEA, Panda'leum. A kind of lozenge 
used by the Arabian physicians. 
PANDALEUM. Pandalea. 
PANDALITIUM, Paronychia. 
PANDEMIA, Pandemic. 
PANDEM'IC, Pan'demy, Pande'mia, Morbus 
Pande'mius seu Pande'mus seu Pancoe'nus, Pan- 
coeno'sus, (F.) Pandemic; from rar, 'all,' and 
<5w«s, 'people.' An epidemic which attacks the 
whole population. 
PANDEMIE, Pandemic. 
PANDEMY, Pandemic. PANDICULATION 
PANDICULA'TION, Pandicula'tio, Scordine'- 
ma, Scordinis'mus, Clonus Pandicula'tio, from 
pandere, 'to stretch out.' Stretching, Hal'ices, 
(pl.) An action, which consists in elevating the 
upper limbs, and throwing the head and trunk 
backwards, at the same time that the lower limbs 
are extended. This series of motions of the ex- 
tensor muscles is in some measure independent 
of the will, and is accompanied with yawning, 
which is equally involuntary. In the state of 
health, stretching occurs before and after sleep; 
especially when we are fatigued. It is also ob- 
served at the onset of certain paroxysms of fever, 
hysteria, &c. 
PANDOCE'UM, Pandochi'um, Pandoc'ium, 
from Ttav, ' all,' and icxtadai, ' to receive.' An inn 
that receives all classes. A general hospital, or 
one that admits all cases. 
PANDOCIIIUM, Pandoceum. 
PANDOCIUM, Pandoceum. 
PANHIDRO'SIS, from nav, 'all,' and 'iSpuxns, 
'sweating.' Sudor universa'lis. Sweating over 
the whole body. 
PANHYPEREMIA, Plethora. 
PANICAUT, Eryngium campestre-p. Mari- 
time, Eryngium maritimum. 
PANIC GRASS, ITALIAN, Panicum Italicum. 
PAN'ICUM ITAL'ICUM, Italian Pumc Grass, 
Indian Millet, Guinea Corn, Barbadoes Millet, 
Mil'ium In'dicum, Sorghum, Holcus Sorghum, (F.) 
Millet des oiseaux. Nat. Ord. Gramineae. The 
seed - Mil'ii Sem'ina - are much esteemed in 
Italy, being a constant ingredient in soups, and 
made into a variety of forms for the table. 
Panicum Milia'ceum, P. mil'ium, Common Mil- 
let, Milium, M. Pan'icum seu Eseulentum, Cen- 
chron, Cenchrus, (F.) Millot ordinaire. Millet- 
seed are esteemed a nutritious article of diet, and 
are often made into puddings. 
Panicum Milium, P. miliaceum. 
PANIS CANICACEUS, see Canicae-p. Ciba- 
rius seu secundarius, Syncomistos - p. Cuculi, 
Oxalis acetosella - p. Porcinus, Cyclamen. 
PANIV'OROUS, Paniv'orus, from panis, 
' bread,' and voro, ' I devour.' Subsisting on 
bread. 
PANNI, Swathing clothes. 
PANNICULE CHARNU, Panniculus car- 
nosus. 
PANNIC'ULUS, diminutive of pannus, cloth. 
A piece of fine cloth. Pterygion. 
Panniculus Adiposus, Cellular membrane. 
Panniculus Carno'sus, Tu'nica carnosa, Mus- 
cular Web, Mantle, (F.) Pannicule charnue, is a 
general covering found in the quadruped, and 
formed by a thin, subcutaneous muscle, which 
serves to move the skin. It exists only in cer- 
tain parts of the human body, - as in the fore- 
head, where it is formed by the occipito-frontalis; 
in the neck, by the platysma myoides; and, in 
the scrotum, by the cremaster muscle. 
Panniculus Cordis, Pericardium-p. Hyme- 
nseus, Hymen - p. Virginalis, Hymen. 
PANNUS. A piece of cloth. This word has 
several other meanings, many of which are equi- 
vocal. It means a tent for a wound, and, also, 
an irregular naivus or mark on the skin.- Cas- 
telli. Modern ophthalmologists apply it to an 
opake and vascular condition of the anterior 
membrane of the cornea, almost invariably pro- 
duced by the continuance of purulent or strumous 
ophthalmia, or by chronic inflammation of the 
cornea. This part becomes nebulous, covered 
with red vessels, and opake. At times, the scle- 
rotic conjunctiva undergoes a similar change to 
that which occurs in the corneal portion. 
Pannus Hepaticus, Chloasma-p. Lenticula- 
ris, Ephelidcs. 
637 
PAPAVER 
PANOCHIA, Bubo. 
PANOPHO'BIA, Pantopho'bia, Panpho'bia, 
Pavopho'bia, Athym'ia, Pavor, (F.) Frayeur noc- 
turne, Souci, from liar, 'the god Pan,' and <j>o[ios, 
'fear.' A panic or fear inspired by the god Pan, 
according to the opinion of the ancients. Sonia 
derive it from trav, ' all,' and <po(fof, ' fear.' Thia 
is sometimes morbid, and is a symptom of me- 
lancholy. 
PANOPHTHALMI'TIS, from nav, 'all,' and 
ophthalmitis, ' inflammation of the eye.' Inflam- 
mation of the whole eye. 
PANPHOBIA, Panophobia. 
PANPLEGIA, Paraplegia. 
PANSCLERO'SIS, from irav, 'all,' and <rxAn- 
puaig, ' hardness.' Complete induration of a part. 
PANSEMENT, Dressing. 
PANSIES, Viola tricolor. 
PANSPER'MIA, from ran, 'all,' and arreppa, 
' sperm.' The theory of Dissemination of Germs, 
according to which, ova or germs are disseminated 
over all space, undergoing development under 
favourable circumstances. 
PANTAGOGON, Panehymagogum. 
PANTANENCEPHA'LIA, from irar, iravroj, 
' all,' and anencepha'lia, absence of brain. En- 
tire absence of brain-the same as anencephalia. 
-G. St Hilaire. 
PANTATROPH'IA, from irav, 'all,' and arpo- 
<fia, ' atrophy.' Universal atrophy. 
PANTHOD'IC, Panthod'icus, from iras, iravros, 
' all,' and 'obos, ' a way.' An epithet applied by 
Dr. Marshall Hall, to a course of nervous action 
proceeding from one point in all directions to 
every other. 
PANTICES, Intestine. 
PANTING, Anhelatio. 
PANTOGANGLIITIS, Cholera. 
PANTOPHAGISTS, see Omnivorous. 
PANTOPHAGUS, Omnivorous. 
PANTOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia, Panophobia. 
PANTOZOOTIA, Panzootia. 
PANUS, Phygethlon - p. Faucium, Stomato- 
panus - p. Inguinalis, Bubo. 
PANZOOT'IA, Pantozootia; from irav, 'all,* 
and faov, ' animal.' An endemic or epidemic 
disease affecting animals generally. 
PAP, Nipple. Also, a soft food made of bread 
boiled or softened with water. 
Pap, of the Throat, Uvula. 
PAPAS AMERICANUS, Solanum tuberosum. 
PAPA'VER, P. somnif'erwm, Mecon. The 
White Poppy, Papaver sati'vum, (F.) Pavot des 
Jardins. Family Papaveraceae. Sex. Syst. Po- 
lyandria Monogynia. The Capsule of the 
White Poppy, Co'dia, xaibia or Ku/beia, Sca'phion, 
Papav'eris Caput vel Cap'sula, Mecon, Poppy- 
head, is used in fomentation as an anodyne and 
relaxant, to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The 
expressed oil of the seeds is called by the French 
Huile d'CEillette. It is from the poppy that Opium 
- called, also, Opium Theba'icum, Meco'nium, 
Opion, Manus Dei, Affton, Amphiam, Afium, Oso- 
ron, Lau'danum, Mecon, Sopio-is procured. It is 
the milky juice obtained after the flowering of 
the plant, by making longitudinal incisions in the 
capsules and stalks. It is commonly obtained from 
the Levant or India, where the poppy grows abun • 
dantly. Opium is a compound of morphia, nar- 
cotina, meconic acid, codeia, narcein, meconin, 
caoutchouc, fecula, resin, oil, and several other 
substances. Turkey Opium is of a heavy and 
slightly fetid odour. Its taste is nauseous, bitter, 
acrid, and warm: it is in flat pieces; solid and 
tenacious; of a dark brown colour, and yellowish 
when powdered-; making a light brown, inter- 
rupted streak on paper. In East India Opium, PAPAVERACEUM 
the odour is the same, and empyreumatic; the 
taste is less bitter, but more nauseous, and the 
colour darker. The varieties of opium known in 
commerce are the Smyrna, the Constantinople, the 
Egyptian, the Persian, and the Indian. Opium 
is stimulant in small doses; sedative, in large; 
narcotic and anodyne; operating through the 
nervous system. It is a most valuable remedy 
in all painful affections, and inflammations, when 
given so as to produce its full, sedative effects, 
especially in peritonitis. In diarrhoea and dy- 
sentery, it acts as an astringent; in intermittents, 
it will often prevent the paroxysm. In typhus, 
in small doses, it acts as a cordial; in larger, it 
allays irritation and produces sleep. When ap- 
plied externally, its narcotic effects are developed: 
and, hence, it is a useful application to irritable 
sores, painful tumours, &c. Dose, gr. J to £ as a 
stimulant; gr. j to iv as a sedative. 
Pap aver Cereale, P. rhoeas - p. Cornicula- 
tum, Chelidonium majus-p. Erraticum, P. rhoeas 
-p. Luteum, Chelidonium majus. 
Papaver Nigrum. This is merely a variety 
of the white poppy, producing black seeds. 
Papaver Rhceas. The systematic and phar- 
macopoeia! name of the lied corn-poppy, Corn 
rose, Papaver errat'icum, P. cerea'le, P. rubrum, 
.Rhoeas, (F.) Coquelicot. The heads of this spe- 
cies, also, contain a milky juice of a narcotic 
quality. A syrup of its flowers has been directed, 
which has been esteemed diaphoretic and slightly 
soothing; but is more admired for its colour than 
for any other property. 
PAPAVERACEUM, Opiate. 
PAPAVERCULUM, Meconium. 
PAPAVERINUM, Codeine. 
PAPAW TREE, Carica papaya. 
PAPA YER, Carica papaya. 
PAPER, BLISTERING, see Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium. 
PAPIER EPISPASTIQUE, see Sparadra- 
pum vesicatorium. 
PAPIL'LA, P. Mamma, Thele, Vberis apex: 
- diminutive, perhaps, from papa, one of the 
earliest cries of the infant, ascribed to a craving 
for food. The end of the breast, the nipple. An 
eminence similar to a nipple. A name given to 
small eminences more or less prominent, at the 
surface of several parts, particularly of the skin 
and mucous membranes, in which latter situation 
they are also called villi. See Villous. They 
appear formed by the ultimate expansion of the 
vessels and nerves, and are susceptible, in some 
cases, of a kind of erection. They are also called 
Papilla nervo'sa seu Ner'vea, P. Pyramida'les, 
Nervous papilla, (F.) Papilles ou Papilles ner- 
veuses, Houppes nerveuses. 
Papilla Lachrymalis, see Lachrymal puncta 
-p. Mammae, Papilla. 
Papilla: Calyciformes, see Papillae of the 
tongue - p. Capitatae, see Papillae of the tongue 
-p. Circumvallatae, see Papilla} of the tongue- 
p. Conical, see Papillae of the tongue-p. Conoi- 
dal, see Papillae of the tongue-p., Corpuscles, 
Pacinian-p. Filiform, see Papillae of the tongue 
- p. Fungiform, see Papillae of the tongue - p. 
Fungoid, see Papillae of the tongue. 
Papilla: of the Kidney, (F.) Mamelons du 
rein, are the projections into the pelvis of the 
kidney of the apices of the cones-Pyramids of 
Malpighi, Pyram'ides Malpiyhia'na - of the tu- 
bular substance of the organ. They are also 
called Proces'sus mamilla'res, Carun'cula papil- 
la'res, and Papill'a renum. 
Papilla:, Lenticular, see Papillae of the 
tongue-p. Maximae, see Papillae of the tongue 
-p. Medias, see Papillae of the tongue-p. Min- 
638 
PAR 
imae, see Papillae of the tongue-p. Mueosie, see 
Papillae of the tongue-p. Nerveae, Corpuscles, 
Pacinian, see Papilke-p. Nervous, see Papilla-- 
p. Pyramidal, see Papillae of the tongue - p. 
Pyrainidales, see Papilla-p. Renum, see Papil- 
lae of the kidney-p. Semilenticulares, see Papillae 
of the tongue. 
Papilla: of the Tongue are very numerous 
and marked. They are observed, particularly, at 
the upper surface of the organ, and are distin- 
guished into-1. The Lentic'ular papillae, Papilla 
muco'sce, P. max'imae, P. capita'tee, P. valla'tae, 
P. circumvalla'tce, P. trunca'tce, P. calycifar'mes. 
They are arranged at the base of the tongue in 
two oblique lines having the shape of the letter 
V; and united angularly at the foramen cascum. 
They have, in general, an ovoid or spherical 
shape, and have seemed to be mucous follicles 
similar to those of the palate, lips, &e. 2. The 
Fun'giform or Fungoid papillae, Papillae me'dice, 
P. Semilenticula' res, are of indeterminate number, 
but always more numerous than the preceding. 
They are irregularly disseminated near the edges 
and the point of the tongue ; have a rounded and 
flattened head, supported by a short and narrow 
footstalk. Their tint is whitish. Of their real 
nature we are ignorant. 3. The Con'ical, Co- 
noid'al or Pyram'idal papilla, P. min'imce, P. 
villo'sce, are the most numerous of all. Their 
arrangement is more regular in the forepart of 
the tongue than behind. They resemble small 
cones; the base being towards the tongue and 
the apex free. The anterior are very small, and 
have been called Fil'iform papil'lae. They ap- 
pear to be produced by the terminations of the 
filaments of the lingual nerve, and are surround- 
ed by an evident vascular network. 
Papilla: Truncata:, see Papillae of the tongue 
-p. Vallatse, see Papillae of the tongue-p. Vil- 
losae, see Papillae of the tongue. 
PAP'ILL ARY, Papilla' ris, Pap'illous, from 
papilla. Of or belonging to the nipple or to the 
papillae. 
Papillary Body, Corpus papillare. 
PAPILLI-AUT-MAMMILLI-FORMIS, Mas- 
toid. 
PAPILLOUS, Papillary. 
PAPOOSE ROOT, Caulophyllum thalictroides. 
PAPPEA CAPEN'SIS. A small tree of the 
Nat. Ord. Sapin daceae, common in Cafferland, 
the fruit of which is called Wild Plums. It 
furnishes a vinous beverage, and excellent vine- 
gar. Its kernel contains an oil, which, although 
eatable, is somewhat cathartic, and is recom- 
mended as an external application in tinea 
capitis, alopecia, Ac. 
PAPPUS AMERICANUS, Solanum tubero- 
sum. 
PAP'ULA. A. pimple, Exor'mia, (F.) Bouton, 
Bourgeon. A small, acuminated elevation of the 
cuticle, with an inflamed base; very seldom con- 
taining a fluid, or suppurating, and commonly 
terminating in scurf or desquamation. 
Papules form the first order of Willan and 
Bateman's arrangement of cutaneous diseases. 
Papula Agria, Lichen agrius - p. Fera, Her- 
pes exedens-p. Miliaris, Miliary fever. 
Papula:, Lichen-p. Siccas, Lichen-p. Sudo- 
ris, Miliary fever-p. Sudorales, Sudamina. 
PAP'ULOSE, Papulo'sus, Pap'ulous, Papula'- 
tus, Pimpled, from papula. Of or belonging to, 
resembling, or covered with, papulae or pimples. 
PAQUEBETTE VIVACE, Bellis. 
PAR NERVO'RUM, Syz'ygi nervo'rum. A 
pair of nerves. 
Par Opticum Nervorum, Optic nerve-p. Pri- 
mum nervorum cerebri, Olfactory nerves - p. 
Quintum nervorum cerebralium, Trigemini - p. PARA 
- 
Secundum nervorum, Optic nerve-p. Septimum 
eive faciale, Facial nerve - p. Trigeminum, Tri- 
gemini- p. Trium funiculorum, Trigemini - p. 
Vagus, Pneumogastric-p. Visorius, Optic nerve. 
PARA, irapa, a common prefix, 'by, near, con- 
trary to, through,' (per;) 'above and beyond,' 
(ultra:) 'besides,' (prater.) In certain terms, as 
in Paracusis, Parapsis, Parabysma, &c., used 
by Dr. Good, para means a defective or morbid 
condition. 
PARABAL'ANUS, from irapaftaWuv, (irapa, and 
ftaXXeiv, ' to cast,') ' to expose one-self.' A name 
given, by the ancients, to a person who devoted 
himself to the service of the sick in hospitals; 
and particularly during epidemics and the plague. 
PARABYS'MA, from irapa, and flvciv, 'to stuff.' 
Infarction or engorgement of an organ-as Para- 
bysma Lie'nis, Engorgement of the spleen. 
Parabysma Mesentericum,Tabes mesenterica. 
PARABYS'TIA, same etymon. Engorgement 
or infarction of an organ with blood. 
PARACELSIS'TA, Paracel'sist, Paracel' sian ; 
from Paracelsus. A follower of Paracelsus. 
PARACELSISTICA MEDICINA, see Spagy- 
rists. 
PARACENTE'RIUM. Same etymon as the 
next. Woolhouse has given this appellation to a 
small trocar, employed by Nuck for puncturing 
the eye in cases of dropsy of that organ. 
PARACENTE'SIS, Perfora'tio, Punc'tio, 
Punctu'ra, Cenembate'sis, Cente'sis, Compunc'tio: 
from napaKcvreu, (irapa, and mm), 'I pierce,') 'I 
pierce through.' Puncture. The operation of 
tapping to evacuate the collected fluid in ascites, 
ovarial dropsy, &c. 
Paracentesis, Puncturing-p. Thoracis, Tho- 
racocentesis. 
PARACENTETERION, Trocar. 
PARACENTICION, Trocar. 
PARACIIRCE'A, from irapa, 'colour.' 
Morbid change of colour of the surface, especially 
of the face. 
PARACIIROMA, Achromatopsia. 
PARACIIROSIS, Decoloration. 
PARACINE'SES, (G.) P arak inesien, from 
irapa, 'defective,' and Kivriai;, 'motion.' Diseases 
of the motor nerves; morbid movements of vo- 
luntary muscles. 
PARACMASIS, Decline. 
PARACMAS'TIC, Paracmae'ticut, from ira- 
parpalpi, ' I decrease.' Decreasing. An epithet 
for a distemper, which gradually decreases. Also, 
according to Galen, the period of life when a 
person is said to grow old, which he places at 
from 35 to 49, after which he is said to be old - 
a definition that would not suit us at the present 
day.- Gorraeus, and Castelli. 
PARACMASTICOS, see Acmasticos. 
PARACME, Decline. 
PARACOE, see Cophosis, Paraeusis. 
PARAC'OPE, Paraph'ora, Paracru'tis, from 
irapaKoirrM, ' I strike falsely.' Delirium. In Hip- 
pocrates, it means the slight delirium which some- 
times occurs in febrile diseases. 
PARACOUSIA, see Cophosia. 
PARAC'RISES, (G.) Parakrisien: from 
irapa, ' defective, morbid,' and rpiai;, ' secretion.' 
Diseases of the secretory function.- Fuchs. 
PARACRUSIS, Paracope. 
PARACUSIS, Cophosis. Also, perverted au- 
dition. 
Paracu'sis Acris, Andi'fits a'crior, Paracu'sis 
oj-ycoi'a, from irapa, ' defective,' and okovcis, ' the 
act of hearing.' The hearing painfully acute, 
and intolerant of the lowest sounds ; a symptom 
in otalgia, epilepsy, cephalitis, and febrile affec- 
tions. 
639 
PARALYSIS 
- 
Paracusis Duplicata, Double hearing - p. 
Imaginaria, Tinnitus aurium - p. Imperfecta, 
Double hearing, P. perversa-p. Obtusa, Barye- 
coia-p. Oxycoia, P. acris. 
Paracusis Perver'sa, P. Willisia'na, P. im- 
perfec'ta, Perverse hearing. The ear only sensi- 
ble to articulate sounds, when excited by other 
and louder sounds intermixed with them.- Good. 
Paracusis Surditas, see Cophosis-p. it illisi- 
ana, Paracusis perversa. 
PARACYCLE'SES, (G.) Par aky k 1 e s en , 
from irapa, ' defective, morbid,' and kvkXtiois, ' cir- 
culation.' Diseases of the blood as regards its 
distribution and motion.- Fuchs. 
PARACYESIS, Pregnancy, morbid, Pregnan- 
cy, preternatural-p. Abortus, Abortion-p. Tu- 
baria, Salpingo-cyesis. 
PARACYNAN'CHE, (para and cynanche.) 
Inflammation of the external muscles of the la- 
rynx. According to others, a slight cynanche. 
PARjESTHESIA, Paresthesis-p. Olfactoria, 
Parosmia. 
PARjESTIIESIS, Paresthesis - p. Auditfls 
flacca, Proptoma auricularum. 
PAR.ETHENAR, Parathenar. 
PARAGEUSIS, Ageustia. Also, perversion 
of taste, Parageu'sia, Parageust'ia, Allotriogeus'- 
tia, Gustus deprava'tus. 
PARAGEUSTIA, Parageusis. 
PARAGLOSSA, Paraglos'se, from irapa, and 
yXoiaaa, 'the tongue;' Swelling of the tongue; 
Dyspha'gia Linguo'sa, Glassomegis'tus, Macro- 
gios'sa, Prolap'sus lingua. Sauvages, under the 
term Paraglossa deglutito'ria, means a pretended 
doubling of the tongue into the pharynx, (F.) 
Renversement de la langue. See Glossocele. 
PARAGOGE, Abduction, Coaptation. 
PARAGOMPIIO'SIS, Paragomphosis cap'itis, 
from rapa, ' by,' ' near,' and -yopipamif, ' a nailing. 
Incomplete wedging of the head of the child in 
the pelvis during labour. 
PARAKINESIEN, Paracineses. 
PARAKRISIEN, Paracrises. 
PARAKYKLESEN, Paracycleses. 
PARALALIA, Mogilalia - p. Nasalis, Rhino- 
phonia. 
PARALAMP'SIS, from irapaXap 
nw, (irapa and Xapirw, ' I shine,') ' I shine at tho 
side of;' Mac'ula cornea margarita'cea, Perla. 
A cicatrix on the transparent part of the eye.- 
Hippocrates. 
PARARELEMA, Delirium. 
PARALLAGE, Insanity. 
PARALLAGMA, Chevauchement. 
PARALLAXIS, Chevauchement, Insanity. 
PARALLE'LA. A kind of scurfy, cutaneous 
eruption, affecting the palms of the hands, in 
parallel lines, and symptomatic of the venereal 
disease. - F orestus. 
PARALLELISM OF DISEASES, Isopathia. 
PARALOGIA, Delirium. 
PARALOPII'IA, from irapa, 'near,' and Xo<t>ra, 
'the first vertebra of the back.' The lower and 
lateral part of the neck, near the vertebrae.-Keil. 
PARAL YSE, Paralytic. 
PAR AL YSIE, Paralysis-p. Saturnine, Palsy, 
lead. 
PARAL'YSIS, Par'esis, Resolu'tio membro'- 
rum, R. nervo'rum, Cams paralysis, Catal'ysis, 
(F.) Paralysie, Resolution des membres ; Palsy, 
from irapaXva, (irapa and Xvw, 'I loosen,') 'I relax.' 
Abolition or great diminution of the voluntary 
motions, and sometimes of sensation, in one or 
more parts of the body. 
Palsy is said to be local, when it affects only a 
few muscles. When it extends to half the body, 
vertically or horizontally, it is called Hemiple't PARALYTIC 
gia or Paraple'gia. It is commonly symptoma- 
tic of disease of the brain or of the nerves them- 
selves, and is a frequent accompaniment, precur- 
sor, or successor of apoplexy,-Phrenoparal'ysis. 
The immediate cause is, generally, pressure, 
either by blood effused, or by serum, or by vas- 
cular turgescence. At its onset, therefore, blood- 
letting may be advisable; but, afterwards, the 
disease becomes one of nervous debility, and re- 
quires stimulants - to the paralyzed parts, or to 
the mucous membranes,-frictions, sinapisms, 
blisters, the moxa, baths, electricity, galvanism, 
purgatives, and the nux vomica, which last has 
the property of exciting movements where the 
will has no longer power. The disease generally 
admits only of palliation, and is extremely apt to 
recur. 
Paralysis, Primula veris. 
Paral'ysis Ag"itans, P. trem'ula, Syn'clonus 
ballin' mus, Scelotyr'be festi' nans, Tremor, Tromos, 
Shaking Palsy, Trembling Palsy. A variety of 
tremor, in which the muscles are in a perpetual 
alternation of contraction and relaxation. 
Paralysis, Bell's, Bell's Palsy, Paral'ysis 
facia'lis, Prosoparal'ysis, Trismus dias'truphe 
Sauvage'sii, Dias'trophe Gale'ni, Hemiple'gia fa- 
cia'lis, Oris tortu'ra paralyt'ica Linnce'i, Hemi- 
prosople'gia. The paralysis of the face induced 
by a lesion of the portio dura, has been called 
Bell's Palsy, owing to Sir Charles Bell having 
been one of the first to investigate it minutely. 
Paralysis Beriberia, Beriberi-p. Extremi- 
tatum, Acro-paralysis - p. Facialis, Paralysis, 
Bell's-p. Hemiplegia, Hemiplegia-p. Intestini 
recti, Proctoparalysis-p. Intestinorum, Entero- 
paralysis- p. Linguae, Glossolysis-p. Medulla- 
ris, Paraplegia - p. Metallica, Palsy, lead - p. 
Nervi hypoglossi, Glossoplegia-p. Nervi vagi in 
parte thoracicsl, Asthma-p. Nervorum thoracis, 
&c., Stethoparalysis - p. from Poisons, p. Vene- 
nata- p. Rachialgia, Colic, metallic - p. Satur- 
nine, Palsy, lead-p. Scorbutica, Pellagra-p. Spi- 
nalis, Paraplegia-p. Tremula, Paralysis agitans, 
Paral'ysis Venena'ta, Paralysis e vene'nis, 
Paralysis from poisons. Paralysis, the result of 
poisonous substances-as of lead, mercury, arse- 
nic, ergot, <tc. 
Paralysis e Venenis, P. Venenata-p. Ven- 
triculi, Gastroparalysis. 
PARALYT'IC, Paralyt'icus, Paralysed, Pal'- 
sied, (F.) Paralyse. Same etymon as Paralysis. 
Affected with or causing paralysis. 
Paralytic Stroke, see Stroke, paralytic. 
PARALYZED, Paralytic. 
PARAME'NIA, from n-apa, 'badly,' and pr/v, 
' a month ;' Menstrua'tio anom'ala, Menses anom'- 
alce, Mismenstruation. Difficult menstruation. 
Disordered menstruation. 
Paramenia Difficilis, Dysmenorrhoea - p. 
Erroris, Menstruation, vicarious - p. Obstructio- 
ns, see Amenorrhoea - p. Profusa, Menorrhagia 
-p. Superflua, Menorrhagia. 
PARAME'RIA, irapaynpia, from rapa, 'about,' 
and pnpos, 'the thigh.' The internal parts of the 
thigh. 
PARAMESOS, Annular finger, see Digitus. 
PARANEPHRI'TIS, from irapa, and voppiris, 
'inflammation of the kidney.' Inflammation of 
the renal capsules, Inflamma'tio renum succentu- 
riato'rum. 
PAR AN® A, Delirium, Dementia. 
PARANYMPH'US, from *apa, 'near,' and 
vvyupri, 'a young spouse,' 'a bride.' A name 
given by the ancients to him who led the bride 
to the house of her husband. The term was 
adopted into the ancient schools of medicine, to 
designate the usual discourse pronounced at the 
640 
PARAPSIS 
end of the prescribed period of study for licen- 
tiate, in which the qualifications and merits of 
the candidate were described. 
PARAPATHIA, Pathomania. 
PARAPECHYON, Radius. 
PARAPIIIA, Parapsis. 
PARAPHIMO'SIS, Peripdiimo'sis, Circum- 
ligatu'ra, Phimo'sis circumliga'ta, Penis lipo- 
derm'us, from irapa, 'about,' and <f>ipou>, 'I bridle.* 
Strangulation of the glans penis, owing to the 
opening of the prepuce being too narrow. It 
frequently happens in persons affected with phi- 
mosis, when the prepuce has been pushed vio- 
lently behind the base of the glans, during copu- 
lation, <fcc. In paraphimosis, the narrow and 
resisting aperture of the prepuce forms, behind 
the corona glandis, a kind of ligature, which 
strangulates the part, causes it to swell and in- 
flame, and even to become gangrenous. Attempts 
must be made to bring back the prepuce. These 
excite considerable pain, yet they must be per- 
severed in for some time ; and should they not 
succeed, the rings, formed by the tumefied pre- 
puce, must be cut transversely, and the antiphlo- 
gistic treatment be adopted. 
PARAPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
PARAPHO'NIA, from irapa, and ()>wvt), ' the 
voice.' Affection of the voice, when its charac- 
ter or timbre is less agreeable. 
Paraphonia Clangens, Oxyphonia - p. Gut- 
turalis, Asaphia - p. Nasalis, Rhinophonia - p. 
Puberum, Hirquitalitas-p. Rauea, Raucedo-p. 
Ulcerosa, Oxyphonia. 
PARAPIIORA, Delirium, Paracope. 
PARAPHRENESIS, Paraphrenitis - p. Dia- 
phragmatica, Diaphragmitis. 
PARAPHREN1E, Insanity. 
PARAPHRENI'TIS, from irapa, 'near,' and 
tppcvis, ' the diaphragm ;* Paraphreve'sis. A 
name given to inflammation of the diaphragm, 
(see Diaphragmitis,) which was supposed always 
to produce delirium:-as well as to the delirium 
itself accompanying that affection. See Phrenitis. 
PARAPHROSYNE, Delirium. 
PARAPHROTES, Delirium. 
PARAPLAS'TIC: Paraplast'icus, from irapa, 
and ir\aaTiKos, 'formative.' Possessed of depraved 
formative powers,-as Carcinoma, Encephaloma, 
Melanosis, &c. 
PARAPLE'GIA, Paraplex'ia, Rachioparal'y- 
sis, Rhachiople'gia, Rhachioparal'ysis, Myelo- 
paralysis, Paralysis spina'lis, P. Medulla'ris, 
Carus paralysis parapie'gia, from irapa, dim. par- 
ticle, and ir\i]craa>, ' I strike.' Palsy of the lower 
half of the body, including the bladder and rec- 
tum. It is, generally, owing to disease of some 
part of the cerebro-spinal axis; especially of the 
spinal portion. The ancients sometimes used the 
term for incomplete apoplexy. Some authors 
have, also, made a distinction between paraple- 
gia and paraplexia,-using the former for partial 
apoplexy-the latter for general or complete apo- 
plexy. 
PARAPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia. 
PARAPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
PARAP'OPLEXY, Parapoplvx'ia, from irapa, 
dim., and airoirXirfta, 'apoplexy.' False apoplexy; 
a soporous state, resembling apoplexy; and espe- 
cially that which occurs in the paroxysms of per- 
nicious intermittents. 
PARAP'SIS, Paraph'ia, from irapa, 'defec- 
tively,' and airropai, 'I touch.' Sense of touch 
or general feeling vitiated or lost. - Good. 
Parapsis Acris Teneritudo, Soreness - p. 
Expers, Torpor, Anaesthesia-p. Illusoria, Pseu- 
daesthesia-p. Pruritus, Itching. PARARMA 
PARARMA, Fimbria. 
PARARRHYTHMICUS, Pararrhythmus. 
P AR ARR H Y T H' M US, Pa ra rrhyth' miens, from 
Trapa, ' dim.,' and pvSpos, ' rhythm.' An epithet 
for the pulse, when it has not the rhythm proper 
to the age and constitution of the individual. 
PARARTHRE'MA, Pararthro'ma, Pararthre' - 
sis, Para rthro'sis, Parec'tasis, Para strep'sis, from 
rrapa, and up5puv, 'a joint.' Incomplete luxation; 
subluxation. 
PARACEPAS'TRA, from napa, and ' I 
cover.' A cap or bandage, which covers the 
whole head. - Galen. 
PARASCEUE, Apparatus. 
PARAS'CIIIDES, from rrapa, and 'I 
cleave.' Fragments or splinters of a broken bone. 
PAR'ASITE, Parasi'tus, from irapa, 'near,' and 
airoj. 'corn,' 'food.' Parasites are plants which 
attach themselves to other plants; and animals 
which live in or on the bodies of other animals,- 
so as to subsist at their expense. The mistletoe 
is a parasitic plant; - the louse a parasitic ani- 
mal. The chief parasitic animals are the Pedic'- 
ulus huma'nus corp'oris, P. cap'itis, P. pubis, 
Pnlex irri'tans, P. pen'etrans, and the Ac'arus 
Sca'biei. 
PARASIT'IC, Parasit'icus, Par'asitoid, Pa- 
rasitoi'des. Same etymon. Having the nature 
of, or resembling a parasite, as 'parasitic growths,' 
tubercles, cancer, <tc. 
PARASITICIDE, Antiparasitic. 
PARASITISMUS INTESTINALIS, Helmin- 
thiasis-p. Superficiei, Malis. 
PARASITOID, Parasitic. 
PARASPA'DIA, from napa, and orau, 'I 
draw.' A preternatural opening of the urethra 
at the side of the penis. One whose urethra 
opens in this manner is called Paraspadite'us 
and Paraspadias. 
PARASPADI2EUS, see Paraspadia. 
PARAS'PHAGIS, from rapa, ' near,' and 
aipayri, ' the throat.' The part of the neck conti- 
guous to the clavicles. 
PARAS'TATA, Paras'tates, from irapiarnpi, 
(rrapa, and larr/pi,) 'I stand near.' The prostate. 
In Hippocrates, it means the epididymis. The 
epididymes were called by Herophilus and Galen 
Varico'str. parastatce to distinguish them from 
glandulo'see parastatce or prostate. Rufus of 
Ephesus called the Tubac Fallopianae Parastatce 
varico'sce. 
Parastata Adenoides, Prostate - p. Glan- 
dula, Prostate - p. Glandulosa, Prostate. 
PARASTATES, Parastata. 
PARASTATI'TIS, Epididymi'tis; from pa- 
rastata, 'epididymis,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
mation. Inflammation of the epididymis. 
PARASTREM'MA, Paras'trophe, from irapaa- 
rpt<p<i>, (irapa, and arpt,<p<s, 'I turn,') 'I distort or 
pervert.' Convulsive distortion, especially of the 
face, the soft parts being drawn laterally. 
PARASTREPSIS, Pararthrema. 
PARASTROPHE, Parastremma. 
PARASYNANCHE, Cynanche parotidaea. 
PARASYSTOLE, Acinesia. 
PARATH'ENAR, Parte'thenar, from rrapa, 
'near,' and Scrap, ' the sole of the foot.' Winslow 
called grand parathenar, parathenar major, a por- 
tion of the abductor of the little toe, musculus scan- 
dula'rius; and petit parathenar, parathenar mi- 
nor, the short flexor of that toe. 
Parathenar Major, Abductor minimi digiti 
pedis-p.Minor, Flexor brevis minimi digiti pedis. 
PARATHROMA. Elongatio. 
PARATONIA, see Spasm. 
PARATOPIA, Luxation. 
641 
PARESTHESIS 
PARATOP'I^E; from -apa, in the sense of 
change, and totoj, ' place.' Diseases in which 
organs are removed from their proper position. 
See Ectopia. 
PARATRIMMA, Chafing. 
PARATROPE, Apotrope. 
PARAT'ROPIIY, Parat'rophe, Paratroph' ia, 
from napa, ' dim,' and rpotpn, ' nourishment.' Mis- 
nutrition. 
PARDALIANCHES, Aconitum. 
PARDALIANCHUM, Aconitum. 
PAREC'TAMA, Parec'tasis, from r«pa, 'be- 
yond,' ck, 'out of,' and teivw, 'I stretch.' Immo- 
derate extension or dilatation of a part - as of 
the heart. 
PARECTASIS, Pararthrema, Parectama. 
PAREGOR'IC, Paregor'icus, So'piens, from 
rrapnyoptM (irapa, and ayopcvu), ' I soothe, I calm.' 
That which soothes or assuages - as paregoric 
elixir. An anodyne. 
PAREIA, Gena. 
PAREIRA, see P. brava. 
Parei'ra Brava, Ciwm'pelot Pareira, Pa- 
reyra, Butua, Pariera brava, Abu'ta, Albu'tua, 
Botou, Caa-peba, Overo butua, Wild vine, Velvet 
leaf. Family, Menispermeae. Sere, Sy st. Dicecia 
Monadelphia. The root of this plant - Pareira 
(Ph. U. S.) - a native of South America and the 
West Indies, has a sweet taste with considerable 
bitterness and slight roughness. It has been re- 
commended in nephritic and calculous affections; 
but it is not much used. 
PARELLE, Rumex hvdrolapathum. 
PARENCEPHALIS, Cerebellum. 
PARENCEPHALITIS, Cerebellitis. 
PARENCEPHALOCE'LE, from irapeyKt<j>a\is, 
(irapa, and ' the brain,') ' the cerebel- 
lum,' and Kr/Xr), 'a rupture.' Hernia of the cere- 
bel'lum; a very rare disease. It occurs under 
the form of a soft, indolent, or slightly painful 
tumour, without change in the colour of the skin, 
and is situate in the occipital region. It is con- 
stituted of the cerebellum, which escapes through 
an aperture in the occipital bone. Great atten- 
tion must be paid not to mistake it for an ordi- 
nary tumour, as its extirpation would be attended 
with fatal consequences. 
PARENCEPHALUS, Cerebellum. 
PAREN'CHYMA, Caro parenchymat'ica seu 
vis'cerum seu viscera'lie seu viscera'sa, Substan'tia 
parenchymato'»a, Proeheu'ma. The texture of 
glandular and other organs, composed of agglo- 
merated globules united by areolar tissue, and 
tearing with more or less facility. Such is the 
texture of the liver, kidneys, &c. 
signifies in Greek, effusion, (irapa, cv, and xva, ' I 
pour,') and it was believed, that this tissue con- 
sisted of effused blood or other fluid. 
Parenchyma Testis, Pulpa testis. 
PAREN'CHYMAL, Parenchym' atous, Paren'- 
chymons, Parenchyma'lie, Parenchymat'icus ; 
same etymon. Belonging or relating to the pa- 
renchyma of an organ. 
PARENCHYMATI'TIS; from iraptyxypa., 'pa- 
renchyma,' and ih'«, denoting inflammation. In- 
flamma'tio parenchymat'ica. Inflammation of 
the substance of an organ. 
PARENCHYMATOUS, Parenchymal. 
PAR'ESIS, from irapinpi, 'I relax.' Paralysis- 
According to some, a slight, incomplete paralysis, 
affecting motion, not sensation. 
PARESTHE'SIS, Parcesthe'sis, or Paresthe'- 
sia, Sensits imperfec'tne, from ireoa, ' defective/ 
and aiaOnaii, 'sensation.' Congenital miscon- 
struction of the external organs of sense. A g«- PARETICA 
tins in the nosology of Good. Also, perversion 
of sensibility. 
PARET'ICA EXARTHRO'SIS. Luxation 
from relaxation of the ligaments of a joint. 
PARETICUS, Relaxant. 
PARFUM, Suffimentum. 
PARIERA BRAVA, Pareira brava. 
PARIES, Table. 
PARI'ETAL, Parieta'lis, from paries, pa- 
rietis, ' a wall.' 
Parietal Artery, see P. Bones. 
Parietal Bones, Ossa parieta'lia, Ossa verti- 
ea'lia, Ossa ver'ticis, Ossa sincip'itis, Ossa breg'- 
matis, Ossa nerva'lia, Ossa tetrag'ona, are two 
fellow-bones, occupying the lateral and upper 
parts of the cranium, in the formation of which 
they assist. They have a quadrilateral shape: 
their external surface is convex, and presents, at 
its middle part, an eminence called the Parietal 
protuberance, (F.) Bosse, parietale. Their inner 
or cerebral surface, which is concave, has a de- 
pression that corresponds with the preceding 
eminence, and which is called the Parietal fossa, 
Fossa parieta'lis. Above and behind, near the 
superior edge of these bones, is a foramen, which 
does not always exist, called the Parietal fora- 
men, Fora'men parieta'le, through which passes 
a vein-parietal vein-that opens into the supe- 
rior longitudinal sinus of the dura mater, and an 
artery-parietal artery - a branch of the occi- 
pital, which ramifies on the same sinus. Each 
parietal bone is articulated above, with its fellow; 
below, with the temporal bone; before, with the 
frontal; behind, with the occipital, and by the 
anterior and inferior angle with the great ala of 
the sphenoid. Each parietal bone is developed 
from a single point of ossification. 
Parietal Foramen, see P. Bones - p. Fossa, 
see P. Bones - p. Protuberance, see P. Bones - 
p. Veins, see P. Bones. 
PARIETA'RIA, P. officina'lis, Helx'ine, Vi- 
tra'ria, Wall pel'litory, (F.) Parietaire commune. 
Family Urticeae. Sex. Syst. Polygamia Monoecia. 
This plant grows on old walls, and contains much 
nitrate of potassa. It is diuretic, but is not much 
used. 
Parieta'ria Pennsylvan'ica, Amer'icon Pel'- 
litory, a small weed, flowering from June to Au- 
gust, has been used in juice or decoction as a 
diuretic, deobstruent (?) and emmenagogue. 
PARI'ETES, Plural of Paries, 'a wall,' (F.) 
Parois. A name given to parts which form the 
enclosures - the limits of different cavities of the 
body, as the Parietes of the cranium, chest, <tc. 
PARIS, P. quadrifo'lia, Sola'num quadrifo'- 
lium, Uva inver'sa seu lupi'na seu vulpi'na, One- 
berry, Truelove, (F.) Parisette, Raisin de Renard. 
It possesses narcotic properties, and was formerly 
considered a powerful love philter. It is emetic, 
and is sometimes used externally as a resolvent 
and anodyne. 
PARISAGOGE INTESTINORUM, Intussus- 
ceptio. 
PARISETTE, Paris. 
PARISTII'MIA, Ttapa, and laOpux;, 'the throat.' 
A word employed to designate the tonsils, and, 
likewise, inflammation of the tonsils. Cynanche 
tonsillaris, and Cynanche in general. 
PARISTHMIOT'OMUS, from 'the 
tonsils,' and rqzvw, 'I cut.' An instrument with 
which the tonsils were formerly scarified. 
PARISTHMITIS, Cynanche, C. tonsillaris. 
PARISTHMIUM, Tonsil. 
PARIS WORT, Trillium iatifolium. 
PARMACITY, Cetaceum. 
PAR MELIA ISLANDICA, Lichen Islandicus 
- p. Plicata, Lichen plicatus - p. Pulmonacea, 
642 
PARORASIS 
Lichen pulmonarius- p. Roccella, Lichen roc- 
cella - p. Saxatilis, Lichen saxatilis. 
PAROCHETEUSIS, Derivation. 
PARODON'TIDES, from irapa, 'near,' and 
oSovs, 'a tooth.' Tumours on the gums; parulis. 
Ac. 
PARODYNIA, Dystocia - p. Perversa, Pre- 
sentation, preternatural. 
P AHO IS, Parietes. 
PAROLE, Voice, articulated. 
PAROMPHALOCE'LE, from napa, 'near, 
'the navel,' and 'rupture.' Hernia 
near the navel. 
PARONIR'IA, from irapa, and ovupov, 'a 
dream.' Depraved, disturbed, or morbid dream- 
ing; Oneirodyn'ia acti'va, Erethis'mue oneiro- 
dyn'ia. The voluntary organs connected with 
the passing train of ideas, overpowered by the 
force of the imagination during dreaming, and 
involuntarily excited to their natural or accus- 
tomed actions, while the other organs remain 
asleep. - Good. 
Paroniria Ambulans, Somnambulism-p. Sa- 
lax, Pollution. 
PARONY'CHLA, Paron'ychis, Paronychi'tis, 
Pan'aris, Redu'via, Rediv'ia, Uelu'via, Vermis 
dig"iti, Panarit"ium, Pteryg'iwm dig"iti, Diyi- 
tium, Pandalit"ium, Passa, Dactyli'tis, Pana'- 
rium, Onych'ia, (F.) Onylade, from irapa, 'near,' 
and ovvf, 'the nail.' The ancients gave this 
name to an inflammatory tumour, - Onyxi'tis 
(Gross), - seated near the nail, and involving 
the pulp or matrix. Some of the moderns have 
extended it to inflammation of the hand, and 
even of the forearm. It usually means every 
phlegmonous tumour of the fingers or toes, and 
especially of the first phalanx. Four kinds of 
paronychia are commonly pointed out: 1. That 
seated between the epidermis and skin, called in 
France Tourniole. 2. That seated in the subcu- 
taneous areolar tissue. 3. That occupying the 
sheath of a tendon; and 4. That considered to be 
seated between the periosteum and bone. The 
last three are only different degrees of the same 
disease, constituting Whitlow, (F.) Mai d'aven- 
ture: - the worst kinds, in English, are called 
Felon. The inflammation generally commences 
in the subcutaneous areolar tissue, and spreads 
to other parts, occasioning excessive, lancinating 
pain, owing to the parts being put upon the 
stretch; hence, the necessity of dividing them 
freely, - even down to the bone, when there is 
reason to believe that the affection belongs to 
the fourth division, - making use of emollient 
applications, the antiphlogistic treatment, and 
opiates to relieve pain. 
Paronychia, Asplenium ruta muraria-p. Di- 
gitium, Digitium. 
PARONYCHIS, Paronychia. 
PARONYCHITIS, Paronychia. 
PAROPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
PAROPIA, Canthus (lesser.) 
PAROPLEXIA, Paraplegia. 
PAROPSIS, Dysaesthesia visualis - p. Amau- 
rosis, Amaurosis - p. Cataracta, Cataract - p. 
Glaucosis, Glaucoma - p. Illusoria, Pseudoblep- 
sia-p. Lateralis, Dysopia lateralis - p. Longin- 
qua. Presbytia - p. Lucifuga, Nyctalopia - p. 
Noctifuga, Hemeralopia - p. Propinqua, Myopia 
- p. Staphyloma, Staphyloma - p. Staphyloma 
purulentum, Hypopyon-p. Staphyloma simplex, 
Hydrophthalmia - p. Strabismus, Strabismus - 
p. Synezisis, Synezisis. 
PAROPTE'SIS, from rrapa, dim., and on-raw, 
'I roast.' Forcing a sweat by placing a patient 
before the fire or putting him in a dry bath. 
PARORA'SIS, from n-apa, dim., and opaw, 'I PARORCHIDIUM 
see.' Perversion of sight, which prevents the 
person from judging accurately of the colour of 
objects. Achromatop'sia. Hallucination.-Galen. 
PARORCHID'IUM, from napa, dim., ' some- 
thing wrong,' and 'testicle.' Any position 
of one or both testicles, different from that which 
they ought to occupy in the scrotum; - whether 
they may not have descended through the abdo- 
minal ring, or are drawn up to the groins by the 
cremaster muscle. 
PAROR'CHIDO-ENTEROCE'LE, Hernia 
paror'chido-enter'ica. Intestinal hernia compli- 
cated with displacement of the testicle. - Sau- 
vages. 
PAROSMIA, Anosmia. Also, perversion of 
smell; Parasthe'sia olfacto'ria, Olfac'tus depra- 
va'tus, Idiosyncra'sia olfacto'ria. 
PAROS'TIA, from irapa, 'defectively,' and 
oarcov, 'a bone.' Bones untempered in their sub- 
stance, and incapable of affording proper sup- 
port. - Good. 
Parostia Flexilis, Mollities ossium-p. Fra- 
gilis, Fragilitas ossium. 
PAROTIA, Cynanche parotidaaa. 
PAROT'ID, Gland'ula parotidea, G. ad Aures, 
Paro'tis, Animel'lce, Alimel'lce, Lacticin'ia', from 
napa, 'about,' and ovs, 'the ear.' The largest of 
the salivary glands, seated under the ear, and 
near the angle of the loyer jaw. It is composed 
of many separate lobes, giving rise to excretory 
ducts, which unite to form one canal, called the 
Parotid duct, Steno's canal-the Ductus superior 
or Superior salivary canal of some. This duct, 
after having advanced horizontally into the sub- 
stance of the cheek, proceeds through an opening 
in the buccinator muscle, and terminates in the 
mouth opposite the second upper molaris. About 
the middle of its course, it sometimes receives 
the excretory duct of a glandular body, situate 
in its vicinity, and called the Ae'cessory Gland 
of the Parotid, So'cia Parot'idis, Gland'ula so'cia 
parot'idis. In the substance of the parotid are 
found-a number of branches of the facial nerve, 
of the transverse arteries of the face, and the 
posterior auricular. It receives, also, some fila- 
ments from the inferior maxillary nerve, and 
from the ascending branches of the superficial 
cervical plexus. Its lymphatic vessels are some- 
what numerous, and pass into ganglions situate 
at its surface or behind the angle of the jaw. 
The parotid secretes saliva, and pours it copiously 
into the mouth. 
Parotid, Accessory Gland of the, see Pa- 
rotid. 
Parotid Aponeuro'sis. A sheath of great 
thickness, continuous, below, with the cervical 
fascia. It forms a frame-work to the parotid by 
means of fibrous prolongations from its deep sur- 
face. Its density accounts for the pain of paro- 
titis, and for the difficulty with which pus makes 
its way to the surface. 
Parotid Arteries, see Parotid-p. Duct, see 
Parotid -p. Veins, see Parotid. 
PAROTIDE, Parotis. 
PAROTIDON'CUS, Tumorparo'tidis, T.glan'- 
dulce parotidea, from irapuric, 'the parotid,' and 
oyxoy, ' a tumour.' Swelling of the parotid. 
PARO'TIS, Phleg'inane parotidea, Inflamma'- 
tio paro'tidum, Cynan'che parotidce'a, Paroti'tis, 
Dioscu'ri, (F.) Parotide, is the name of a tumour 
seated under the ear; which is reddish, hard, and 
attended with obtuse pain; the progress to sup- 
puration being slow and difficult. Sometimes it 
is of a malignant character, sloughing, and long 
protracted. Some French pathologists restrict 
the term parotide to symptomatic parotitis - as 
to that which occurs in plague; whilst they ap- 
643 
PARTICLES 
ply the terms Oreillont or Ourles to Cynanche 
parotidaea or Mumps. 
Parotis Contagiosa, Cynanche parotidaea- 
p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea- p. Seroso 
glutine tumens, Cynanche parotidiea-p. Spuria, 
Cynanche parotidaea. 
PAROTITIS, Cynanche parotidaea, Parotis - 
p. Epidemica, Cynanche parotidaea-p. Erysipe- 
latosa, Cynanche parotidaea-p. Polymi rpha, 
Cynanche parotidaea - p. Specifica, Cynanche 
parotidaea. 
PAROVA'RIUM: from rapa, 'near;' and 
waptov, ' the ovary.' A body closely analogous in 
structure to the epididymis, which is seated be- 
tween the Fallopian tube and the ovary in the 
broad ligament. The Corpus Wolffianum con- 
curs in its formation. - Kobelt. 
PAR'OXYSM, Paroxys'mus, from mzpofvvu), 
(trapa, and ' to render sharp.') ' I irri- 
tate ;' Im'petus, Instil'tus, Inva'sio, Exacerba'tio, 
Acces'sio, Acces'sus, (F.) Exacerbation, Uedouble- 
ment, Aeces. The augmentation which super- 
venes at equal or unequal intervals in the symp- 
toms of acute diseases. Also, a periodical exacer- 
bation or fit of a disease. 
PAROXYS'MAL, Paroxysma'lis; same ety- 
mon. (F.) Paroxystique. Of or belonging to a 
paroxysm ; - as a paroxysmal day, (F.) Jour 
paroxystique; a day on which a paroxysm of 
disease occurs. 
PAROXYSMUS FEBRILIS, Pvrexia. 
PAROXYSTIQUE, Paroxysmal. 
PARS, Genital organs - p. Corporis, Genital 
organs - p. Inferior Pedis, Sole - p. Intermedia, 
see Corpus spongiosum urethrae - p. Mastoidea 
of Temporal Bone, Mastoid process-p. Natu- 
ralis medicines, Physiology-p. Obscoena, Genital 
organs-p. Petrosa, see Temporal Bone-p. Prima 
asperse arteriaa, Larynx - p. Pyramidalis ossis 
temporis, see Temporal Bone-p. Squamosa, see 
Temporal Bone - p. Urethrae membranacea, see 
Urethra - p. Yaga, Pneumogastric - p. Virilis, 
Penis. 
PARSLEY, COMMON, Apium petroselinum- 
p. Fool's, jEthusa cynapium - p. Macedonian, 
Bubon Macedonicum-p. Mountain, black, Atha- 
manta aureoselinum - p. Poison, Conium macu- 
latum - p. Spotted, Conium maculatum - p. Wa- 
ter, Cicuta maculata. 
PARSNEP, COW, Ileracleum spondylium, 
Heracleum lanatum - p. Garden, Pastinaca sa- 
tiva - p. Meadow, Thaspium Barbinode - p. 
Water, common, Sium latifolium. 
PART, see Parturition - p. Ltgitime et illt- 
gitime, see Parturition. 
PARTES GENERATION! INSERVIEN- 
TES, Genital organs - p. Genitales, Genital or- 
gans- p. Laterales nasi, Scapulae nasi - p. Ner- 
vosae. see Nerve - p. Obscoenaa, Genital organs. 
PART1IENEIA, Virginity. 
PARTHENIUM FEBRIFUGA, Matricaria - 
p. Mas, Tanacetum. 
PARTHEN'IUS, (Morbus;) from jrapOivos, 'a 
virgin.' A disease in a young female. Also, 
chlorosis. 
PARTIIENOGEN'ESIS; from irapOivos, 'a 
virgin,' and ycvcais, 'generation.' The successive 
production of procreating individuals from a 
single ovum. - Owen. 
PARTIIENOL'OGY, Parthenolog "ia, from 
trapdcveia, 'virginity,' and Aoyoj, 'a description.' 
A description or consideration of the state of vir- 
ginity in health or disease. 
PARTHENUS, Virgin. 
PARTIALIS, Local. 
PARTICLES, PRIMITIVE, OF MUSCLES, 
Sarcous Elements. PARTIES 
PARTIES, LES, Genital organs-p. Geni- 
tales, Genital organs-p. Honteuses, Genital or- 
gans- p. Genitoires, Genital organs-p. Natu- 
relles, Genital organs -p. Nobles, Genital organs 
-p. Sexuelles, Genital organs. 
PARTIO, Parturition. 
PARTRIDGE-BERRY, Gaultheria, Mitchella 
repens. 
PARTS, THE, Genital organs. 
PARTURA, Parturition. 
PARTU'RIENT, Partu'riens, from parturire, 
itself from parere, ' to bring fortE? Bringing 
forth, or about to bring forth, or having recently 
brought forth. - Young. 
The Parturient, Puer'perous, Childbed, or Ly- 
ing-instate, Puerpe'rium, requires careful man- 
agement, and is subject to various diseases. 
A Partu'rient or P arturifa'cient is a medicine 
which induces or promotes labour ; as ergot, and, 
perhaps, borate of soda, see Abortive. 
PARTURIFACIENT, Parturient. 
PARTURIGO, Parturition. 
PARTURIT"ION, Puerpe'rium, Partus, Par- 
tio, Parturit"io, Parturi'go, Partu'ra, Tocos, 
To'cetos, Texis, Lochi'a, Apocye'sis, Afaeeu'sis, 
Ma leu'sis, Nego'tium seu Actus parturitfp'nis, 
Enix'us seu Enix'io foettis, Expul'sio foetits, ApoT- 
ysis, Labour, Child-bearing, Child-birth, Trav'ail, 
(F.) Accouchement, Couche, Travail d'Enfant. 
The delivery of the foetus and its appendages. 
Labour is the necessary consequence of concep- 
tion, pregnancy, and the completion of gestation. 
It does not take place, at the full time, until after 
nine months of utero-gestation,-the causes pro- 
ducing it being the contraction of the uterus and 
abdominal muscles. By different authors, the 
stages of labour have been variously divided. 
We may, perhaps, admit of four. The first stage 
comprises the precursory signs. One, two, or 
three days before labour, a mucous discharge, 
Streaked with blood, takes place from the vagina, 
which is called the Signum, Leucorrhce' a Nabo'- 
644 
PARTURITION 
thi, Ha!morr'hag"ia Nabothi, Labour-show, or 
Show; and, along with this, trifling grinding 
pains, called by the French Mouches, are felt in 
the loins and abdomen. Second stage :-Peculiar 
pains, which extend from the lumbar region to- 
wards the uterus; tension and dilatation of the 
neck and orifice of that organ ; protrusion into 
the vagina of the envelopes of the foetus, forming 
the bag of waters, (F.) Poche des eaujt ; and rup- 
ture or breaking of the waters. Third stage : - 
Contractions of the uterus and abdominal mus- 
cles; forcing pains; the head of the foetus be- 
comes engaged in the pelvis; the occiput being 
commonly situate above the left acetabulum, 
passes beneath the arch of the pubis. Fourth 
stage: -the head now presents at the vulva, the 
perineum being considerably distended; at length 
it clears the external parts, and the rest of the 
body is easily disengaged. The child still con- 
tinues attached to the mother by the umbilical 
cord, which has to be divided. In the course of 
fifteen or twenty minutes, trifling pains occur, and 
the secundines are expelled. This completes de- 
livery. In by far the majority of cases, the head 
is the presenting part, the occiput directed ante- 
riorly, and the face posteriorly. Of 12,633 chil- 
dren, born at the Hospital La Materniti, in Paris, 
from the 10th of December, 1797, to the 31st of 
July, 1806, the following were the presentations: 
The head, with the face posteriorly... 12,120 
The head anteriorly 63 
The breech 198 
The feet 147 
The knees 3 
Other positions 102 
12,633 
The following table, drawn up from data fur- 
nished by Velpeau, gives an approximative view 
of the comparative number of presentations, ac- 
cording to the experience of the individuals men- 
tioned : 
ACCORDING TO 
Merri- 
man. 
Bland. 
Madame 
Boivin. 
Madame 
Lacha- 
pelle. 
Niegle. 
Lovati. 
Hospital 
of the 
Faculte. 
Boer. 
Regular, or of the vortex 
924 
944 
969 
933 
933 
911 
980 
I. Occipito anterior 
908 
944 
910 
895 
a. Occipito-cotyloid (left) 
760 
717 
537 
Do. (right) 
179 
209 
b. Occipito pubian 
0.29 
II. Occipito posterior 
9.4 
9 
a. Fronto-cotyloid (left) 
5.3 
7.3 
b Do (fight) 
4.4 
2.9 
Face presentation 
2.2 
2.6 
3.6 
4.6 
8.8 
Mento-iliac (right) 
2.6 
Of the pelvis 
36 
28 
29 
36 
47 
29 
Of the foot 
12.7 
9.4 
14 
10.3 
Of the knees 
0.19 
0.40 
Of the breech 
23 
13 
18 
22 
19 
Of the trunk 
4.6 
5.3 
4.8 
Requiring Forceps 
6.6 
4.7 
4.6 
3.4 
36 
5.7 
" Turning 
16 
4.7 
7.8 
7.2 
5.9 
Cephalotomy 
3.3 
5.2 
4.77 
0.53 
2.4 
1.5 
TABLE, EXHIBITING THE RATIO OF PRESENTATIONS IN 1000 CASES, 
Labour has received different names, according 
to the period of pregnancy at which it occurs, and 
the mode in which it takes place. It is called 
miscarriage or abortion, prior to the seventh 
month ; premature labour, Omotoc'ia, Partus pra- 
>:ox seu pramatu'rus, between this and eight 
months and a half; and labour at the full period, 
(F.) Accouchement ci terme, when it happens at 
the end of nine months. Labours have likewise 
been variously divided by different authors. Per- 
haps the one into Natural, Preternatural, and 
Laborious, is as common as any;-natural La- 
bour meaning that which would occur without 
manual assistance; preternatural, requiring the 
assistance of art, hut by the hand solely: and 
laborious, requiring instrumental assistance; 
which M. Capuron calls Accouchement Mecha- 
nique, Powerless labour, the Inertia par epuise- 
ment of Madame La Chapelle, is that in which the 
muscular powers from exhaustion are unable to 
accomplish delivery. 
The French use the term Part, Partus, at PARTURITION 
times, synonymously with delivery; at others, 
with foetus, Maieu'ma, Maeeu'ma. Suppression 
de part means concealment of delivery; Part 
legitime, a foetus which comes into the world with 
645 
PARTURITION 
the condition necessary for its enjoying advan- 
tages granted bylaw; and Part illtgitime, one 
that does not fall under those conditions. 
TABLE OF THE COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF 
LABOURS. 
Natural Labours, 
Or those in which Delivery 
can l>e effected without Assistance. 
The head with the chin bent upon the breast clears the 
1. Occiput towards the Leff 
brim of the pelvis. Motion of rotation produced by the 
inclined planes of the pelvis; the ocaipital protuberance 
is carried behind the symphysis pubis, and the face 
towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
The head attains the outlet: clears it; the occiput being 
first disengaged, and the face afterwards, which passes 
2. Occiput towards the Right 
successively along the whole of the hollow of the 
sacrum The shoulders enter the brim diagonally; 
Head Presenting. 
(Four Positions.) 
Acetabulum* 
and execute the movement of rotation. The one be- 
hind first clears the outlet. The same thing occurs 
with the nates. 
The same course is here followed : except that after the 
3. Occiput towards the Right 
rotary movement, the face passes behind the svmphysis 
Sacro-iliac Symphysis. 
pubis, and the occiput into the hollow of the sacrum. 
The occiput is first extruded ; - the face next. 
When the chin presents and is turned forwards, the 
4. Occiput towards the Left 
face is first expelled; the head is thrown backwards. 
This presentation is uncommon. If the chin present 
Sacro iliac Symphysis. 
backwards, natural delivery cannot be 
effected. 
The nates enter the brim diagonally; movement of rota- 
1. Heel, 
Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
tion: the one passes behind the symphysis pubis; the 
wards the Left .Acetabulum 
other towards the hollow of the sacrum. The one be- 
hind is first extruded. 
(The same thing happens to the shoulders. The chin is 
Lower Extremi- 
2. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
bent upon the chest to clear the brim: movement of 
ty Presenting. 
wards the Right Jlcetabu- 
rotation: the occiput passes behind the symphysis 
(Four Positions of 
pubis, and the face towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
the Feet, Knees, 
The face clears the outlet first; the occiput last. 
and Breech.) 
3. Heel, Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
The same progress, except that after the movement of 
wards the Right Sacro-iliac 
Symphysis. 
rotation, the face is towards the pubis, and the occiput 
4. Heel 
Tibia, or Sacrum to- 
towards the sacrum. The face is here again delivered 
ward. 
the Left Sacro iliac 
first. 
Symphysis. 
1 
II. Preternatural Labours, 
Or those which require Manual Assistance only. 
rl. When the labour is without anv serious complication, and the head is not 
in a tiood position at the brim of the pelvis, endeavours are to be made to 
place it in its natural position: the hand to be introduced with the fingers 
united, and the long diameter of the head to be placed diagonally in the 
brim, if possible. Or the lever may be fixed over the occiput, and, bv draw- 
ing it down, a closer approximation of the chin and chest may be effected ; 
the position of the head to the pelvis being at the same time attended to. 
2. If complicated wi 
th syncope, convulsions, hemorrhage, want of uterine 
action, &c., the feet must be laid hold of, and the child turned. For this 
purpose, empty the 
escape of the liquo 
rectum and bladder; and turn, if possible, prior to the 
r amnii. The female mav be placed on her back or left 
side, with the breech over the edge of the bed. Use the right or left hand, 
according as the feet of the child are to the right or left side of the pelvis; 
I. Presentation 
OF THE 
always so introducing the hand, that the child shall be in its palm, and the 
Head, Upper 
back of the hand opposed to the inner surface of the uterus. The hand and 
ties. Back, Abdomen, 
arm to be introduce 
<1 during an interval of pain ; and they must be Battened 
the uterus is contracting forcibly. If both feet cannot 
&c. 
and tranquil whilst 
be readily brought down, seize one, and tie a fillet around it. 
3. If the toes point to the vertebral column, or to the abdomen of the mother, 
the head, in its descent, will not enter the pelvis: the chin and occiput will 
be hitched on the pi 
bis and promontory of the sacrum. In such case "rasn 
the nates as soon as they have passed the os externum ; and, during a pain 
endeavour to direct 
the toes towards either sacro-iliac synchondrosis When 
the fingers can be passed along the body of the child, and over the shoulders 
to the bend of the elbows, draw down the arms successively. When the body 
is expelled, and the 
head filling up the brim, the termination of labour must 
be accelerated by passing tw'o fingers over the shoulder of the child ; using 
moderate and steady extracting power, whilst one finger of the other hand, 
passed into the mouth, depresses the chin on the sternum. In this way, the 
. head may be extracted. 
III. Instrumental Labours, 
Or those requiring the Assistance of appropriate Instruments. 
' If the pains become feeble, or inadequate from any cause or if the presenting 
part be firmly wedged in the pelvis; or the woman be becoming exhausted, 
instrumental assistance mav be required. In all such cases, place the female 
General Observations. 
on the hack or left 
side, empty the bladder and rectum ; w ait till the os uteri 
is in a fit state ; afford assistance during the pains ; introduce the instrument 
during the intervals between the pains; have the patient on her left side 
(generally); and extract according to the axes of brim and outlet, as the case 
may be. PARTURITION 
646 
PASSE-PIERRE 
'Apply these to the sides of the head of the child, so that the ears and parietal 
1. Short Forceps. 
protuberances may be within the fenestrie. Introduce the left-hand blade 
first ; the index and middle fingers of the right hand guiding it to the ear. 
With the right hand pass the other in an opposite line, corresponding with 
the course of the first blade, guided by the fore and middle fingers of the left 
2. Long Forceps. 
hand ; the third and little fingers being employed to retain the left-hand blade 
in place ; humour the instrument so as to allow the blades to lock. The 
handles may now be tied gently together. The force used must be from blade 
to blade, with a gentle, tractile effort. 
'Applicable where the head does not enter the brim. The long forceps must be 
applied, in most cases, over the occiput and face of the child, so that the 
convex edges of the blades may he towards the hollow of the sacrum. 
3. Lever or Vectis. 
When used, the power may be exerted from side to side, with moderate 
traction. 
The lever is applicable to the same cases as the forceps. It must not be used 
strictly as a lever, but as a hook with which to draw downwards. It may be 
4. Fillet and Blunt Hook. 
applied to any part of the head, but is generally hitched on the occiput. 
! In certain cases of breech and knee presentation, where the hand is insufficient, 
it may be necessary to pass over the joint a fillet, or the blunt hook, with 
Embryulcia. 
which to exert some force of traction. The operation is very simple. 
' Disproportionate size of head, or distorted or deformed pelvis, may require the 
child to be destroyed, and its bulk lessened ; or the Ctesarean section or syni- 
physotoiny, or the induction of premature labour may be called for. 
The instruments required here, are the Perforator, Crotchet, and Craniotomy 
Forceps. Make a steady pressure on the abdomen; pass two fingers of the 
left hand up to the head: feel for a suture or fontanelle; introduce the per- 
forator and bore through, until the progress of the instrument is arrested by 
its shoulders. Open the handles, and turn the instrument in different direc- 
tions, so that the opening may be large enough to admit the perforator, with 
which the brain inust be broken down. 
If, after this, delivery cannot be accomplished without further aid, pass up the 
craniotomy forceps; open the handles slightly, and introduce the blade 
without teeth within the cranium. On closing the forceps, a hold is obtained; 
Symphysotomy and Cje- 
ami a tractile force can now be exerted during the pains, and the extrusion 
of the child be effected. 
Should great difficulty exist at the brim, the bones al the top of the head may 
have to be removed, until the base alone remains. The chin must then be 
brought through first. 
The crotchet is often used instead of the craniotomy forceps, being passed into 
the opening made by the perforator, and hooked upon some bony projection 
in the interior of the skull; but it is not a good instrument. In presentations 
of the face demanding perforation of the cranium, the perforator should be 
introduced just above the nose in the sagittal suture. 
When it is necessary to open the head after the lower extremities have been 
expelled, the perforation must be made behind the ear. 
In cases of great narrowness of the pelvis, the operation of Symphysotomy has 
sarean Section. 
been adopted by French practitioners.-rarely by British or American ; and, 
in extreme cases, recourse has been had to the Ctesarean Section. 
Separation of the Head 
If the body of the fetus has been forcibly separated, and the head left in the 
uterus, it must be laid hold of with one hand, and the forceps he applied: or 
OF THE FffiTUS FROM THE* 
the head be opened and delivered, as under embryulcia. Should the head 
Body. 
have been brought away, and the body left behind, the feet must be brought 
Induction of Premature 
Labour. 
down. 
In cases of narrowness of the pelvis, where the fetus, at the full term, cannot 
be born alive, delivery may he brought about at an earlier period, or as soon 
as the child is capable of carrying on its functions independently of the 
mother. 
The most advisable plan for accomplishing this object is merely to pass the 
finger round and round within the os and cervix uteri, so as to detach the 
decidua;-the membranes being thus left entire, and the life of the child not 
so much endangered, as where the membranes are punctured, and the waters 
evacuated. Parturition usually follows within forty-eight hours. 
The laying of eggs by animals is termed in 
French ponte. The term has been applied to the 
periodical discharge-ponte ptriodicpie- of ova, 
(F.) Chute des (Euf», which is supposed to take 
place from the ovaries at each menstrual period. 
PARTURITION. DRY, Partus Siccus. 
PARTURIUM VANUM, /'atwse couche. 
PARTUS, Parturition - p. Abactio, Abortion 
- p. Abactus, Abortion - p. Caesareus, Cesarean 
section-p. Difficilis, Dystocia - p. Laboriosus, 
Dystocia, Laborious labour - p. Praecox, Partu- 
rition (premature) - p. Praematurus, Parturition 
(premature) - p. Serotinus, Opsiotocia. 
Partus Siccus. Dry labour or parturition. 
Labour, which is neither preceded nor attended 
by a discharge of the liquor amnii. 
PARU'LIS, from trapa, 'near,' and ovAov, 'the 
gum.' Aposte'ma parulis vel paroulis, Phley'- 
mone Parulis, Gum Boil. Small abscesses are so 
called which form in the gums, sometimes with- 
out any known cause, but which often depend 
upon carious teeth. 
PARU'RIA, from rapa, 'defectively,' and uvpiw, 
' I pass urine.' Morbid secretion or discharge 
of urine. 
Paruria Incontinens, Enuresis - p. Inconti- 
nens aquosa, see Diabetes - p. Inops, Ischuria, 
false - p. Mellita, Diabetes - p. Retentionis, Is- 
churia- p. Retentionis renalis, Ischuria-p. Re- 
tentionis vesicalis, Retention of urine-Stil- 
latitia, Strangury - p. Stillatitia mucosa, Cystir- 
rhoea. 
PARVITAS MORBOSA PARTIUM OR- 
GANICARUM, Microtesia. 
PAR'YGRON, from irapa, and 'vypoc, 'humid.* 
A liquid or moist preparation for allaying topical 
inflammation. 
PAR D'ANE, Tussilago. 
PASMA, Catapasma. 
PASQUEFLOWER, Anemone pulsatilla. 
PASSA, Paronychia. 
PASS-E C0RINTHIAC2E, see Vitis Corin- 
th iaca. 
PASSAGES, DIGESTIVE, Ways, digestive 
-p. Second, Ways, second. 
PASSE-PIEi(RE, Crithmum maritimum. PASSERAGE 
PASSERAGE, Iberis amara-p. Sauvage, Car- 
damine pratensis. 
PASSIBILITY, GREAT, Hvpersesthesis. 
PASSIFLO'RA LAURIFO'LIA, Ray-leaved 
Passion Flower. A native of Surinam. The fruit 
has a delicious smell and flavour, and quenches 
thirst, abates heat of the stomach, increases the 
appetite, Ac. 
Passiflora Malifor'mis, Apple-shaped Gra- 
nadil'la. The fruit of this species is esteemed a 
delicacy in the West Indies, where it is served 
up at table in desserts. 
Some of the genus are said to possess narcotic 
and emetic properties. 
PASSIO, Disease, Passion - p. JEmoptoica, 
Haemoptysis-p. Cadiva, Epilepsy-p. Cardiaca, 
Cardialgia-p. Coeliaca, Coeliac flux - p. Chole- 
rica, Cholera-p. Felliflua, Cholera-p. Haemop- 
toica, Haemoptysis - p. Hypochondriaca, Hypo- 
chondriasis- p. Hysterica, Hysteria - p. Iliaca, 
Ileus - p. Ischiadica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea 
- p. Pleuritica, Pleuritis - p. Stomachica, Dys- 
pepsia- p. Ventriculosa, Coeliac flux - p. Vomi- 
coflua, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
PASSION, Pas'sio, An' imi Rathe' ma, Ajfec'tus, 
Emo'tio, from patior,passus, 'to suffer.' An active 
affection or emotion of the mind; as rage, ter- 
ror, love, hatred, Ac. 
Passion Flower, Bay-leaved, Passiflora lau- 
rifoha-p. Hystirique, Hysteria-p. Iliac, Ileus. 
PASSIONES ANIMI, Affections of the mind. 
PASSIVE, Passi'vus. Same etymon as Pas- 
sion. An epithet for diseases which seem owing 
to a greater or less diminution of the strength, 
or which are without apparent reaction. Thus, 
passive hemorrhages are such as supervene in 
debilitated individuals, or under conditions in 
which increased action of the arteries can scarce- 
ly be presumed. The term passive has, also, 
been given to aneurisms of the heart with exte- 
nuation of the parietes; in opposition to active 
aneurisms, with thickness of the parietes - hy- 
pertrophy. 
PASSULA3 MAJORES, see Vitis vinifera - 
p. Minores, see Vitis Corinthiaea. 
PASSULA'TUM, Uva passce, 'raisins, dried 
grapes.' A medicine in which the pulp of raisins 
is a chief ingredient. 
PASSY, MINERAL WATERS OF. This vil- 
lage is in the vicinity of Paris. There are seve- 
ral springs, containing sulphates of lime, iron, 
and magnesia, alum, common salt, carbonate of 
iron, carbonic acid, Ac. They are employed as 
a tonic and astringent. 
PASTA DE ALTHEA, Paste, marshmallow 
- p. Amygdalina, Confection (almond) - p. de 
Dactylis, Paste, date - p. Emulsiva, Confection 
(almond) - p. de Jujubis, Paste of jujubes - p. 
Regia, Confection (almond). 
Pasta Glycyrrhi'z.e Gumma'ta et Anisa'ta 
seu Massa de extracto glycyrrhi'zas. A compound 
of extract of liquorice, gum Senegal, sugar, Flo- 
rence orris-root, and volatile oil of aniseed. De- 
mulcent. 
PASTE, Pasta, (F.) Pdte. A compound me- 
dicine, like the pastil, but less consistent, flexible, 
less saccharine, and more mucilaginous. 
Paste, Date, Massa seu Pasta de dac'tylis. 
Composed of dates, sugar, gum Arabic, water, and 
orange-flower water.- Ph. P. Demulcent. 
Paste of Ju'jubes, Pasta de ju'jubis, Massa 
de zizypho' rum fructu. Composed of jujubes, gum 
Senegal, sugar, water, and tincture of lemon-peel. 
Demulcent. 
Paste, Marshmal'low, Massa de gummi 
Arab'ico, Pasta de althce'a. A compound of gum 
Arabic, sugar, white sf egg, and orange-flower 
water.- Ph. P. It is demulcent 
647 
PATELLA 
Paste, Tooth, Dentifricium- p. Vienna, see 
Powder, Vienna - p. Ward's, Confectio piperis 
nigri. 
PASTEL, Pastil'lus, Diocres, Avic'ula Cip'ria, 
Cande'la fuma'lis, Phthois, Phthois'cus. A com- 
pound of aromatic substances in various shapes; 
used as a fumigating material when set fire to. 
See Fumigation. 
The French use the term Pastille, (L.) Pastil- 
lus, for a solid, dry, round, oblong, square, or 
triangular compound, whose base is essential oil, 
and sugar the excipient. These pastilles are in 
fact small lozenges, and only differ from the 
tablette in their smaller size. 
Pastel. Isatis tinctoria. 
PASTEQUE, Cucurbita citrullus. 
PASTILLE, see Pastel. 
PASTILLES DIGESTIVES D'HAUTE- 
RIVE-VICIIY, see Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis 
-p. Fumigating, see Fumigation-p. de Vichy, 
see Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis. 
PASTILLI DIGESTIVI DAKCETII, see 
Trochisci Sodae bicarbonatis - p. Emetinae Pec- 
torales, Trochisci emetinae pectorales. 
Pastil'li de Mentha Piperi'ta, Peppermint 
drops. (Sacch. alb., aquae men th op pip., aq. des- 
stillat. aa 5>j- Boil to the consistence of an elec- 
tuary. Take of fine white sugar in powder, 
volatile oil of peppermint, ijss. Mix, and add 
the electuary whilst warm. Drop it then on 
marble, and dry the drops.- Ph. P.) 
PASTILLES, Pastel. 
PASTINACA ALTISSIMA, P. opoponax-p. 
Anethum, Anethum graveolens - p. Graveolens, 
Anethum graveolens-p. Opaca, P. sativa. 
Pastina'ca Opop'anax. The name of the 
plant which furnishes the Opopanax. The plant, 
whence the gum resin is obtained, has, also, been 
called Fer'ula opop'onax, Pastina'ca altiss'ima, 
Laserpit'ium chiro'nium, Seli'num opop'onax, 
Opopana' cum, Panax heracle'um, Panax costi'- 
num, Pastina'cea, Kyna, Hercules-all-heal, Opop'- 
anaxwort. 
Opopanax, Opopana'cis gummi-resi'na, Gezir, 
Pop'anax, Gummi Pana'cis, exudes from the roots 
when wounded. Its odour is strong and pecu- 
liar ; taste, bitter and acrid. It is met with in 
the shops, in lumps of a reddish-yellow colour, 
without; white within. It has been recommend- 
ed as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue; but 
is seldom used. Dose, gr. x. to in powder. 
Pastinaca Pratensis, P. sativa. 
Pastina'ca Sati'va, Elaphobos'cum, Pastinaca 
sylves'tris seu opa'ca seu praten'sis, Ane'thum 
pastina'ca, Seli'num pastina'ca, Ban'ica, Garden 
parsnep. The root is sweet and nutritious, and 
is in esteem as an article of food. It has been 
used as a diuretic and demulcent in calculous af- 
fections, <tc. 
Pastinaca Sylvestris, P. sativa-p. Sylves- 
tris tenuifolia officinarum, Daucus carota. 
PATE, Paste-p. Arslnicale, Arsenical paste. 
PATELLA, Rot'ula, R. genu, Epigon'atis, Epi- 
gon'tis, Acromy'le, Epigou'nis seu Epigu'nis seu 
Epig'onis, Mola seu Concha seu Oc'ulus seu Orbis 
seu Ncutum genu, Os scutifor'me seu disciforme 
seu thyreoi'des, Supergenua'lis, Cauealo'i'des. 3fy'- 
lacris, Myle, Gamba, Olec'ranon mob'He, (F.) Ro- 
tule. Diminutive o( patina, 'a dish,' so called 
from its shape. A sort of sesamoid, flat, short, 
thick, rounded bone, situate in front of the knee, 
and enveloped in the substance of the tendon 
common to the extensor muscles of the leg. The 
posterior surface of the patella is divided info 
two facettes, united angularly, which are encrust- 
ed with cartilage, and each of which is articulated 
with one of the condyles of the femur. The pa- PATENT 
tella is developed by a single point of ossification. 
When the patella is fractured, it is difficult to 
produce bony union. This can only be accom- 
plished by keeping the fractured extremities 
closely in apposition. 
Patella, Cup-p. Fixa, Olecranon. 
PATENT MED'ICINE, Jfedecine brevetee ou 
patentee, llemede brevete ou patents. A medici- 
nal compound, for the sale of which the proposer 
obtains from government an exclusive privilege. 
A specification of his invention must be registered 
in the Patent Office, and, hence, it differs from 
a secret medicine. 
PATER OMNIUM VIVENTIUM, Penis. 
PATERA DIOGENIS, Palm. 
PAT1IEMA, Affection, Disease. 
PATHEMATOLOGY, Pathology. 
PATIIET'IC,Pathet'icus,from irafkiv, 'to feM.' 
That which moves the passions. A,name given 
to the superior oblique muscle of the eye, and, 
also, to a nerve. 
Pathetic Muscle, Oblique superior of the eye. 
Pathetic Nerve, Menus Pathet'icus, N. tro- 
ehlea'ris seu trochleato'rius seu trochlea'tor, the 
pair of nerves, (F.) Oculo-musculaire interne 
(Ch.,) Nerf pathetique, is the smallest encephalic 
nerve. It arises behind the inferior part of the 
tubercula quadrigemina (testes) at the lateral 
parts of the valvula Vieussenii. Its roots unite 
into one thin round cord, which makes a turn 
upon the peduncles of the brain, and passes into 
a canal of the dura mater near the posterior cli- 
noid process. It enters the orbit by the broadest 
part of the sphenoidal fissure, and terminates in 
the superior oblique muscle of the eye, by divi- 
ding into several filaments. 
PATIIETISM, Magnetism, animal. 
PAT1IIC, Morbid. 
PATIIICAL, Morbid. 
PATHICUS, Morbid. 
PATHNE, Alveolus. 
PATIIOGENET'IC, Pathogenet'icus, Patho- 
gen'icus. Same etymon as the next. Relating 
to pathogeny. 
Pathogenetic Physiology, Physiolog"ia pa- 
thogenet'ica. That part of physiology which re- 
lates to the origin of disease. 
PATHOGENICUS, Pathogenetic. 
PATHOG"ENY, Pathogcn'ia, Nosogen'esis, 
Nosqgen'ia, from xa3os, ' a disease/ and yeseais, 
'generation.' The branch of pathology which 
relates to the generation, production and develop- 
ment of disease. 
PATHOGNOMON'IC, Pathognomon'icus, Sig- 
num conjunc'tum seu characteris'ticum seu morbi 
essentia'le ; from ' an affection/ and y<- 
vooku>, ' I know.' A characteristic symptom of a 
disease. 
PATIIOG'RAPIIY, Pathograph'ia, from Tra- 
Sos, ' disease/ and ypa</><i>, ' I describe.' A de- 
scription of disease. 
PATIIOLOGIA, Pathology - p. Humoralis, 
Humorism-p. Solidaris, Solidism. 
PATHOLOG"ICAL, Patholog"icus, Pathol'o- 
gus; same etymon as pathology. Relating to 
pathology. Often used in the sense of pathical. 
Pathological Anatomy, see Anatomy. 
PATHOL'OGIST, Pathol'ogus. Same etymon. 
One versed in pathology. 
PATHOL'OGY, Pathematol'ogy, Patholog"ia, 
Pathematolog"ia, Patholog"ice, from 'a 
disease/ and Aoyos, 'a discourse.' The branch 
of medicine whose object is the knowledge of dis- 
ease. It has been defined diseased physiology, 
and physiology of disease. It is divided into ge- 
neral and special. The first considers diseases 
in common; - the second, the particular history 
648 
PAVILION 
of each. It is subdivided into internal and ex- 
ternal, or medical and surgical. 
Pathology, Humoral, Humorism. 
PATHOMA'NIA, Parapathi'a, Moral Insa- 
nity, from ?ra$os, 'a disease,' and mania. Ma'nia 
sine Delir'io. A morbid perversion of the natu- 
ral feelings, affections, inclinations, temper, ha- 
bits, moral disposition, and natural impulses, 
without any remarkable disorder or defect of the 
intellect or knowing and reasoning faculties, and 
particularly without any insanity or halluci- 
nation. 
PATHOMYOTOM'IA ; from raf)o$, 'affection,' 
yvs or fivutv, 'muscle,' and ropr/, 'incision.' The 
title of a work by Dr. John Bulwer (1649), being 
" a dissection of the significative muscles of the 
affections of the mind," 
PATHOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
PATHOS, Affection, Disease. 
PATIENCE, Rumex patientia-p. d'Eau, 
Rumex hydrolopathum-p. Garden, Rumex pa- 
tientia-p. Rouge, Rumex sanguineus -p. Sau- 
vage, Rumex acutus. 
PATIENT, see Sick. 
PATIENTIA, Rumex patientia. 
PATIENTL2E MUSCULUS, Levator scapulae. 
PATNE, Alveolus. 
PATOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
PATOR NA'RIUM. The cavity or 
ing of the nostrils. 
PATRATIO, Ejaculation, (of sperm.) 
PATTE D'OIE (F.), ' Goose's foot.' An apo- 
neurotic expansion, which covers the internal 
surface of the tibia at its upper part, and consists 
of the expansion formed by the tendons of the 
sartorius, gracilis, and semi-tendinosus muscles. 
PATURSA, Syphilis. 
PAU, (CLIMATE OF.) Pau is the capital of 
the department of the Lower Pyrenees, and is 
about 150 miles from Bordeaux, and 50 from 
Bayonne. The climate corresponds with that of 
the south-west of France generally; its great 
quality is the comparative mildness of its spring, 
and exemption from cold winds. It is regarded 
as a favourable winter residence for invalids la- 
bouring under chronic affections of the mucous 
membranes. It is too changeable for the con- 
sumptive ; and to be avoided by the rheumatic. 
PAULLIN'IA. This is an extract from a plant 
of the same name in Brazil. It is prepared by 
the Indians, and appears to possess excitant 
powers. In Brazil, and the neighbouring coun- 
tries, it is given in the form of tisane-the pow- 
der being mixed with cocoa - in diarrhoea and 
dysentery. It has been employed also as a tonic. 
An extract is prepared in Brazil from Paullinia 
sor'bilis, known there under the name of Gua- 
rana, which is administered in similar pathologi- 
cal cases. 
PAUME DE LA MAIN, Palm. 
PAUNCH, Ingluvies. 
PAUONTA, Sedatives. 
PAUPIERE. Palpebra. 
PAUSIME'NIA, from -navats, ' cessation,'and 
pqvcs, ' menses.' Cessation of the menses. 
PAVANA WOOD, Croton tiglium. 
PAVIL'ION. The French give the name pa- 
vilion, to the expanded extremity of a canal or 
cavity,-for example, of a catheter, sound, Ac. 
Paviliox of the Ear, Auric'ula, Pinna, 
0 tium, Ala, (F.) Aurtcule ou Oricule, Pavilion 
de Voreille, is seated behind the cheeks, beneath 
the temple, and anterior to the mastoid process. 
Its size varies in individuals. It is free above, 
behind, and below. Anteriorly and within, it is 
continuous with the neighbouring parts. Its 
outer surface has several prominences, the Helix, PA VILLON 
Anthelix, Tragus, Antitragus, and Lobe ; and se- 
veral cavities-the groove of the Helix, the fossa 
navicularis seu scaphoides, and the Concha. The 
skin which covers the pavilion is very fine, and 
studded with a number of sebaceous follicles. 
The auricle is fixed to the head by three fibro- 
areolar ligaments 5 - a superior, anterior, and 
posterior. 
PAVILLON DE L'OREILLE, Pavilion of 
the ear-p. de la Trompe, see Tuba Fallopiana. 
PAVIMENTUM CEREBRI, Base of the 
brain. 
PA VINA, JEsculus hippocastanum. 
PAVITA'TIO, Tremor; from pavor, 'dread.' 
Trembling for fright. 
PAVOPHOBIA, Panophobia. 
PAVOR, (L.), Dread. Great fright. Pano- 
phobia. 
Pavo'res Noctur'ni seu Dormien'tium. Fear 
during sleep. 
PA VO T, Papaver. 
PAW, Manus. 
PAXWAX, see Nucha. 
PAXYWAXY, see Nucha. 
PAZAHAR, Bezoar. 
PEA, Pisum - p. Garden, Pisum-p. Ground 
Squirrel, Jeffersoniana Bartoni-p. Hoary, Galega 
Virainiana-p. Love, Abrus precatorius-p. Nut, 
Aracnis hypogea - p. Partridge, Cassia chamse- 
crista-p. Pisum-p. Turkey, Galega Virginiana. 
PEACH BRANDY, Amygdalus Persica-p. 
Tree, Amygdalus Persica-p. Wood, see Csesal- 
pinia. 
PEAGLE, Primula veris. 
PEAR, see Pyrus malus. 
PEARL, Perla, Mar'garon, Margari'ta, Mar- 
gel'lium, Marge'lis, U'nio, (F.) Perle. A round- 
ish concretion of a silvery white colour, and bril- 
liant polish, found in several shells, and espe- 
cially in the Atnc'ufa margaritif era, which has, 
hence, been called Mater perlarum, Margari'ta, 
and Mother of pearl, and is much used in the fa- 
brication of handles for surgical instruments, <fcc. 
Pearls were formerly given in powder as astrin- 
gents and antacids. They consist of lime and an 
animal matter. 
Pearl Ash, Potash of commerce-p. Mother 
of, see Pearl-p. White, Bismuth, subnitrate of. 
PE AU, Cutis. 
PEAUCIEIi, Platysma myoides. 
PECAN or PECCAN NUT, see Hickory. 
PECCANT, Peccans, from peccare, ' to sin.' 
Morbid, not healthy. An epithet given by the 
humourists to the humours when erring in qua- 
lity or quantity. See Materia Morbosa. 
PECHEDEON, Perinaeum. 
PECHER, Amygdalus Persica. 
PECHIAGRA, Pechyagra. 
PECHU'RIM seu PICHU'RIM CORTEX. A 
highly aromatic bark, the produce of a species of 
laurus. It is extremely fragrant, like that of 
cinnamon, which it greatly resembles in its pro- 
perties. In Portugal it is used in the cure of 
dysentery, &c. See Pichurim beans. 
PECH'YAGRA, Pech'iagra, Ancon'agra, Pec- 
tihagra, from ' the elbow,' and ay pa, ' a 
seizure.' Gout affecting the elbow. 
PECHYS, Elbow. 
PECHYTYRBE, Porphyra nautica. 
PECTE, Cheese. 
PECTEN, Pubes. Also, a comb. 
Pecten Dentium, Sepes dentium-p. Veneris, 
Scandix cerefolium. 
PECTIHAGRA, Pechyagra. 
PECTIN, from jtcjctk, 'a coagulum.' A name 
given by Braconnot to a principle which forms 
the basis of vegetable jelly. It is extensively 
649 
PECTORALS 
diffused in the juices of pulpy fruits and roots, 
especially when they are mature; and occasions 
these juices to coagulate when they are mixed 
with alcohol or boiled with sugar. 
It is the basis of one of the classes of elemen- 
tary principles of Dr. Pereira-the pectinaceous. 
PECTINACEOUS, Pectinous. 
PECTINA'LIS, from pecten, ' the pubesPec- 
tince'us, Mus'cuius liv'idus, Pectina'tus, (F.) Pubio- 
femoral, Suspubio-femoral (Ch.), Pectine. This 
muscle is situate at the inner and upper part of 
the thigh. It is long, flat, and triangular; is at- 
tached, above, to the space which separates the 
ileo-pectineal eminence from the spine of the os 
pubis; and, below, by a flat tendon, to the ob- 
lique line which descends from the lesser tro- 
chanter to the linea aspera. The pectinalis bends 
the thigh on the pelvis, and carries it outwards in 
adduction and rotation. It may also bend the 
pelvis on the thigh. 
PEC'TINATED, Pectina'tus, Pectin'iform, 
Pectinate, (F.) Pectine, from pecten, 'a comb.' 
Having the shape of the teeth of a comb. 
Pectinated Muscles, Pectina'ti mus'culi. The 
fascicular texture observed in the right auricle 
of the heart: - Mus'culi Auric'ula Pectina'ti. 
Their main use probably is-to prevent the over 
dilatation of the auricles. 
PECTINATUS, Pectinalis. 
PECTINE, Pectinalis, Pectinated. 
PECTINEUS, Pectinalis. 
PECTINIFORM, Pectinated. 
PEC'TINOUS, Pectina'ceus, Pectino'svs, Pee- 
tina'ceous, from pectin. Of or belonging to pec- 
tin or vegetable jelly,-as & pectinous or pectina- 
ceous vegetable principle. 
PEC'TORAL, from pectus, 'the breast.' Re- 
lating to the breast. See Pectorals. 
PECTORAL, GRAND, Pectoralis major. 
PECTORALE, Corset. 
PECTORALIS INTERNES, Triangularis 
sterni. 
Pectora'lis Major, from pectus, ' the breast.' 
Pectora'lis, Sterno-cleido-brachia'lis, (F.) Sterno- 
costo-clavio-humtral, Sterno-humlral (Ch.), Grand 
Pectoral. A large, flat, triangular muscle, situate 
at the anterior part of the chest, before the ax- 
illa. It is attached, on the one hand, by means 
of aponeurotic fibres, to the inner half of the an- 
terior edge of the clavicle; to the anterior surface 
of the sternum, and to the cartilages of the first 
six true ribs; - on the other, by a strong tendon, 
which is inserted at the anterior edge of the bici- 
pital groove of the humerus. The use of this 
muscle is, to move the arm in various directions. 
If it be hanging by the side of the body, it carries 
it inwards and a little forwards. When the arm 
is raised, it depresses it and carries it inwards. 
It can, also, move it in rotation inwards. If the 
humerus be raised and fixed, the pectoralis ma- 
jor draws the trunk towards the upper extremity. 
Pectora'lis Minor, Serra'tus anti'cns minor, 
(F.) Costo-coraco'idien (Ch.), Petit Pectoral, Petit 
denteP anttrieur. This muscle is situate beneath 
the preceding, at the anterior and upper part of 
the chest. It is flat and triangular; is attached 
by its base, which appears digitated, to the upper 
edge and outer surface of the 3d, 4th, and 5th 
true ribs, and is inserted at the anterior part of 
the coracoid process. The pectoralis minor draws 
the scapula forwards and downwards, and makes 
it execute a rotatory motion, by virtue of which 
its inferior angle is carried backwards, and the 
anterior depressed. When the shoulder is fixed, 
it elevates the ribs to which it is attached, and 
aids in the dilatation of the chest. 
PEC'TORALS, Pectora'lia, Thorac"ica. Me PECTORILOQUE 
dicines considered proper for relieving or remo- 
ving affections of the chest. 
Pectoral Drops, Bateman's, consist chiefly 
of tincture of castor, with some camphor and opi- 
um, flavoured by aniseed. Gray gives the follow- 
ing formula: Castor, ; ol. anisi, ; camph. 
gv; cocci, ; opii, 2[vj ; proof spirit, a gallon. 
A form, advised by a committee of the Phila- 
delphia College of Pharmacy, is the following :- 
Alcohol, dil. cong. iv ; Santal. rubr. ras. ; di- 
gere per horas xxiv; cola, et. adde Pulv. opii, 
Pulv. catechu, Camphora, aa £ij; Ol. anisi, giv. 
Jtigest for ten days. 
PECTORILOQUE, from pectus, 'the chest,' 
and loqui, ' to speak.' LaSnnec calls thus one 
who presents the phenomenon of Pectoriloquism. 
Also, a stethoscope. 
PECTORILOQUIE, Pectoriloquy-p. Chev- 
rotante, Egophony. 
PEC'TdRILOQUY,Pcetorj7'o<7Hi«ni, Cav'ernous 
voice, Pectorilo'quia, (F.) Pectoriloquie, Voix ca- 
vemeuse, V. articulle. Same etymon. Speech 
or voice coming from the chest. Laennec has 
designated, by this name, the phenomenon often 
presented by consumptive individuals, when their 
chests are examined with the stethoscope. The 
voice seems to issue directly from the chest, and 
to pass through the central canal of the cylinder, 
- a phenomenon owing to the voice resounding 
in the anfractuous cavities, produced in the lungs 
by the suppuration or breaking down of tuber- 
cles, which constitute abscesses or ulcers of the 
lungs. 
PECTUS, Sternum, Thorax - p. Carinatum, 
see Carina. 
PECULTUM, Penis. 
PEDAGRA, Potass® supertartras impurus. 
PEDAL, Peda'lis, from pes, pedis, ' the foot.( 
Relating to the foot: - as 
Pedal Aponeuro'sis, (F.) Apontvrose pidieuse. 
A thin, aponeurotic layer, which invests the ex- 
tensor brevis digitorum pedis, and separates the 
tendons of the foot from each other. 
PEDES, Genital Organs. 
PEDESIS, Pulsation. 
PEDETIIMOS, Pulsation. 
PEDIAL'GIA, Pedional'gia, Pedioneural'gia, 
from irciiov, 'the sole of the foot,' and a>yof, 
'pain.' Pain in the sole of the foot. Neuralgia 
of the foot in general. 
PEDICLE, VITELLINE, see Vesicula umbi- 
licalis. 
PEDICULARIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
PEDICULATIO, Phtheiriasis. 
PEDIC'ULUS, Phtheir, the Louse, (F.) Pou. 
A genus of parasitic insects. The human body 
is infested with three kinds: the Body-louse, or 
Clothes-louse, Pedic'ulus vestimen'ti, (F.) Pou de 
corps; the Head-louse, Pedic'ulus cap'itis, (F.) 
Pou de la tete, which lives in the hair; the 
Crab-louse, Mor'pio, Fera'lis pedic'ulus, Plat'via, 
Phthi'rius inguina'lis, Pedic' ulus Pubis, (F.) Mor- 
pion, which infests the hair of the pubes. Infu- 
sion of tobacco, or mercurial ointment, or oint- 
ment of white precipitate of mercury, or the white 
or red precipitate of mercury, readily destroys 
them. The louse occurring in phtheiriasis, pedic'- 
ulus tabescen'tium, differs from the common louse. 
-V ogel. 
Pediculus Capitis, see Pediculus - p. Pubis, 
Crab-louse-p. Tabescentium, see Pediculus-p. 
Vestimenti, see Pediculus. 
PEDICURE, Chiropodist. 
PEDICUS, Extensor brevis digitorum pedis. 
PE DIEUX (muscle), Extensor brevis digito- 
rum pedis. 
PEDIGAMBRA, Ysambra. 
650 
PELARGONIUM 
PEDILU'VIUM, from pedes, 'the feet,' and 
lavo, 'I wash.' Lavipe'dium, (F.) Bain de pied. 
A bath for the feet. See Bath. 
PEDION, Sole. 
PEDIONALGIA, Pedialgia. 
PEDIONEURALGIA, Pedialgia. 
PEDIUM, Tarsus. 
PEDONCULES DU CERVELET, Corpora 
restiformia. 
PEDORA. The sordes of the eyes, ears, and 
feet. 
PED'UNCLE, Pedun'culus. This term has 
been applied to different prolongations or appen- 
dices of the encephalon, from pes, pedis, ' a foot ' 
Thus, the Peduncles of the brain are the Crura 
cerebri; the Peduncles of the cerebel'lum, the 
Crura cerebelli. 
Peduncles of the Brain, Pedun'culi cer'ebri, 
called, also, Crura anterio'ra medul'la oblonga'tce, 
are two white cords, about Jths of an inch in 
diameter, on the outside of the corpora albicantia. 
They arise from the medullary substance of the 
brain, and gradually approach, till they join the 
tuber annulare. They are formed, internally, of 
a mixture of cineritious and medullary matter; 
the former of which, being of a darker colour at 
one part than in any other part of the brain, 
has been called Locus niger crurum cerebri. 
Peduncles of the Cerebellum, Pedun'culi 
cerebel'li, called, also, Crura posterio'ra, are six 
in number, three on each side - a superior, a 
middle, and an inferior. The superior peduncles 
are generally known as the Processus cerebelli 
ad testes, Crura cerebel'li ad cor'pora quadrigem'- 
ina, Bra'chia copulati'va; the inferior are the 
Processus cerebelli ad medullam oblong atom ; and 
the middle are called, also, Cercbel'lar ped'uncles 
-Proces'sus seu Crura cerebel'li ad pontem, Bra'- 
chia pontis. 
Peduncles, Inferior of the Cerebellum, 
Corpora restiformia-p. of the Medulla Oblongata, 
Corpora restiformia. 
Peduncles of the Pineal Gland are two 
medullary bands or strips, which seem to issue 
from the pineal gland, and proceed on each side 
upon the upper and inner region of the optio 
tbalami. 
Pedpnculi Cerebelli, Peduncles of the Cere- 
bellum-p. Cerebri, Peduncles of the Brain-p. 
Medullas Oblongatae, Corpora restiformia. 
PEDUNCULUS, Peduncle. 
PEGA, Canthus (lesser). 
PEGANELA50N, Oleum ruta'ceum, O'leum 
rutce, from ireyavov, 'rue.' Oil of Rue. 
PEGANUM, Ruta. 
PEINE, Hunger. 
PEINOTIIERAPIA, Limotherapeia. 
PEIRA, Effort, Experience, Nisus. 
PELADA. A word of uncertain origin, ap- 
plied to alopecia, especially to that resulting from 
syphilis. 
PELA'GIA. A kind of scaly erysipelas of the 
hands - sometimes of the legs, at others, of the 
face. Pellagra.(?) 
PELAGRA, Pellagra. 
PELARGO'NIUM ANCEPS, Peris'tera an- 
ceps. A South African plant, Nat. Ord. Gera- 
niaceas; the decoction of which is used by the 
Malays in amenorrhoea, and to promote parturi- 
tion and abortion. 
Pelargonium Antidysenter'icum, Jenltinso'- 
nia antidysenter'ica. This South African plant is 
used by the natives in dysentery. It is boiled in 
milk. 
Pelargo'nium Cuculla'tum. Common along 
the side of the Table Mountain. It has been re- 
commended in decoction as an enema in colic, 
nephritis, and suppression of urine. It is an ex- PELICAN 
cellent emollient, and was formerly exported to 
Holland under the name Herba Althaea. 
Pelargo'nium Triste, Polyac'tium triste. The 
root of this plant, which grows at the Cape of 
Good Hope, is somewhat astringent, and is used 
there in diarrhoea and dysentery, and as an an- 
thelmintic. 
PEL'ICAN, Pelica'nus, Peleca'mts, Pel'ecan, 
Pel'ecas. An instrument, curved at the end like 
the beak of a pelican. Its use is to extract teeth. 
PELICIDE, Pelu'de, Mel coctum. Boiled 
honey. - Ruland and Johnson. 
PELICOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
PELIDNOMA, Ecchymoma, Pelioma. 
PELIO'MA, Pelidno'mn, from ttcAoj, 'black.' 
A livid ecchymosis.-Forestus. See Ecchymoma. 
PELIOSE, Purpura. 
PELIOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica-p. Rheu- 
matica, see Purpura simplex. 
PELLA, Cutis, Prepuce. 
PEL'LAGRA, Pel'agra, Ichthyo'sis Pellagra, 
Elephanti'axis Ital'ica, Tuber Pellagra, Lepra 
Mediolanen' sis, L. Lombard'ica, Scorbu'tus alpi'- 
nus, Ma'nia pella'gria, Erythe'ma endem'icum seu 
pel'lagrum, Insolazione de Primavera, Mai del 
Sole, Dermat'agra, Erysip'elas period'ica nervo'- 
ta chron'ica, Mai de misere, Paral'ysis scorbu'tica, 
Scurvy of the Alps, Impeti'go Pellagra, (F.) Scor- 
but des Alpes; from rcXAa,(?) 'skin,' and aypa, 
' seizure.' A disease, particularly noticed among 
the Milanese, which consists in the skin becoming 
covered with wrinkles, and assuming a scaly ap- 
pearance, especially in the parts exposed to the 
air. The strength diminishes, the intellectual 
faculties and sensations become obscure, and 
cramps, convulsions, and other lesions of mus- 
cular contractility supervene. It is a singular 
endemic affection, ami has been supposed to fol- 
low every where the introduction of Indian corn : 
hence the name Rapha'nia maiz'tica, given to it 
by some of the Italian physicians. 
PELLENS, from pellere, 'to drive.' Driving; 
impelling. 
Pellen'tia Medicamen'ta are medicines that 
promote the occurrence of the menstrual or hae- 
inorrhoidal flux. 
PELLICULA SUMMA, Epidermis - p. Su- 
perior, Epidermis. 
PELLICUL2E CORDIS, Ostiola cordis. 
PELLIS, Cutis-p. Summa, Epidermis. 
PELLITORY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum - p. 
American, Parietaria Pennsylvanica-p. Bastard, 
Achillea ptarmica - p. of Spain, Anthemis pyre- 
thrum-p. Wall, Parietaria. 
PELMA, Sole. 
PELOR, Monster. 
PELORIA, Monster. 
PELORIUM, Monster. 
PELORUM, Monster. 
PELOTE DE MER, Pila marina. 
PELTALIS seu PELTATUS CARTILAGO, 
Thyroid cartilage, Xiphoid cartilage. 
PELTAN'DRA VIRGIN'ICA, Arum Virgin'- 
icum, Lecon'tia, Rensselce'ria, Arrow Arum, Ta- 
raho, Wampee; indigenous; of the Order Araceae. 
The fresh roots and seeds are acrid stimulants, 
like Arum. 
PELTIDEA AMPLISSIMA, Lichen caninus 
- p. Canina, Lichen caninus - p. Leucorrhiza, 
Lichen caninus - p. Malacca, Lichen caninus - 
p. Spuria, Lichen caninus. 
PELTIGERA CANINA, Lichen caninus. 
PELUDE, Pelicide. 
PEL'S IC, Pel'vicus, Pelvi'nus. Belonging or 
relating to the pelvis. 
Pelvic Aponeurosis, (F.) Aponivrosepelviewne. 
A tendinous lamina, given off from the sides of the 
pelvis, and from the entire circumference of the 
651 
PELVIS 
brim, which passes into and lines the pelvis, and 
is soon divided into two distinct layers; - one 
external, the lateral pelvic or obturator fascia, 
which continues to line the sides of the pelvis, 
and covers the obturator internus muscle; the 
other, internal or superior, which passes inwards 
upon the side of the prostate, bladder, and rec- 
tum in the male, and of the bladder, vagina, and 
rectum in the female, in order to form the floor 
of the pelvis. 
Pelvic Cavity, (F.) Cavite pelvienne. The 
cavity of the pelvis. 
Pelvic Members. The lower extremities. 
Pelvic Surface of the Il'ium. That which 
faces the pelvic cavity. 
PELVICULA OCULI, Orbit. 
PELVI-TROCIIANTE'RIAN, Pelvi-trochan- 
teria'nus. That which relates to the pelvis and 
great trochanter. The Pelvi-trochante'rian region 
is formed by the muscles-pyramidalis, tivo obtu- 
rators, gemini, and quadratus femoris, which pass 
from the pelvis to the digital cavity of the great 
trochanter. 
PELVIM'ETER, Pelycotn' eter,Pelyom'eter,Pe- 
licom'eter, Pyelom'eter, from pelvis, and gerpov, 
'a measure.' A barbarous hybrid. This name 
has been given to different instruments, invented 
for measuring the diameters of the pelvis, and 
particularly the antero-posterior or fore-and-aft 
diameter of the brim. Two have been chiefly 
employed, especially by French practitioners : - 
the Compas d'epaisseur, and the Pelvimeter of 
Coutouly. 1. The Compas d'rpaisseur or Cal'- 
lipers of Baudelocque, is formed like a pair of 
compasses-with blunt extremities-the branches 
of which can be moved at will. One of these is 
applied to the symphysis pubis, and the other on 
the sacrum. About three inches must be de- 
ducted from this measurement for the thickness 
of the mons veneris, pubis, and the base of the 
sacrum. 2. The Pelvimeter of Coutouly resem- 
bles the instruments used by shoemakers for 
measuring the length of the foot. The two 
branches are introduced, in a state of approxima- 
tion, into the vagina; and then separated, so 
that one touches the promontory of the sacrum, 
the other comes behind the os pubis. It is a 
barbarous contrivance, and its introduction ought 
never to be attempted on the living subject. It 
does not, indeed, seem possible to introduce it 
without mischief. 
The finger is, decidedly, the best pelvimeter, 
and by it we can judge whether the base of the 
sacrum be unusually prominent. Measurement 
of the pelvis by the hand has been called Pely- 
cochirometre'sis; from 'the pelvis,' 
'the hand,' and perpov, 'measure.' 
PELVIS, Cho'ana, Py'elos, (F.) Bassin; so 
called, because fancied to be shaped like an 
ancient basin. The part of the trunk which 
bounds the abdomen below. It is a large, bony, 
irregular, canoidal cavity, - open above and be- 
low,-which supports and contains a part of the 
intestines, and the urinary and genital organs ; 
and serves, at the same time, as a fixed point for 
the articulation of the lower limbs, the attach- 
ment of their muscles, and the execution of their 
movements. The pelvis supports, behind, the 
vertebral column, and is sustained, before, by the 
ossa femorum. It is situate, in the adult, near 
the middle part of the body, and is composed of 
four broad, flat, unequally thick bones, differing 
much in their shape, size, and arrangement, which 
touch, are articulated at some part of their sur- 
face, and intimately united by means of a number 
of ligamentous fasciae. Of these bones, two are 
behind, on the median line, - the sacrum and 
the coccyx; the two others are before and at the PELYCOMETER 
sides, - the ilia. They are fellows, and unite, 
before, with each other. The most important 
parts of the pelvis, in an obstetrical point of view, 
are the brim and the outlet. The Brim, Angus'tia 
abdomino.'lit, Intro'itus, Apertu'ra supe'rior, 
Upper Opening or strait of the Cavity of the Pel- 
vis, (F.) Detroit supirieur, D. abdominal, is the 
narrow part which separates the greater pelvis 
from the less-the false from the true, Pelvis vera 
seu minor. In the well-formed woman it is ellip- 
tical, and slightly inclined forwards. Its antero- 
posterior or sacro-pubic diameter, in a standard 
pelvis, measures 4| inches, but with the soft parts, 
3f inches ; its trans»er«e or iliac or lateral, 5 J 
inches, but with the soft parts 4 inches; and its 
oblique with the soft parts, 4f inches. The Out- 
let, Ex'itus, Inferior opening or strait, Angus'tia 
perincea'lis, (F.) Detroit inferieur, D. perineal, 
forms the lower aperture of the pelvis. The 
antero-posterior diameter is here, on account of 
the mobility of the coccyx, 5 inches: the lateral, 
4 inches. The Axis of the Pelvis is important 
to be known in obstetrics. The Axis of the Brim 
is indicated by a straight line drawn from the 
umbilicus to the apex of the coccyx;-the Axis 
of the Outlet by a line drawn from the first bone 
of the sacrum to the entrance of the vagina. An 
imaginary curved line which indicates the direc- 
tion of the canal of the pelvis, has occasionally 
been termed the curve of Carus, in consequence 
of its having been pointedly described by the 
German obstetrician. 
Pelvis Aurium, Cochlea-p. Cerebri, Infundi- 
bulum of the brain. 
Pelvis of the Kidney, Pelvis rena'lis seu 
renum, Sinus, Venter seu Alvus lienum, (F.) Bas- 
sinet. This is a small, membranous pouch, occu- 
pying the posterior part of the fissure of the 
kidney. It is placed behind the renal artery 
and vein ; is elongated from above to below; 
flattened from before to behind ; irregularly ova] 
in figure; and, below, contracts considerably, to 
be continuous with the ureter. It receives the 
orifices of the infundibula, which pour the urine 
secreted in the kidney into its cavity. 
Pelvis Minor, Pelvis-p. Ocularis, Seaphium 
oculare-p. Renalis, Pelvis of the kidney - p. 
Renum, Pelvis of the kidney-p. Vera, Pelvis. 
PELYCOMETER. Pelvimeter. 
PELYOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
PE MM IC AN. Meat cured, pounded, and 
mixed with fat. It has been much used as nutri- 
ment on long overland journeys. 
PEM'PIIIGUS, Emphly'sis Pem'phigus, Pom'- 
pholyx, from 'a blister;' Febris bullo'sa, 
vesicula' ris, ampulla'sa seu pemphigo'des seu pem- 
phingo'des, Exanthe'ma serosum, Morta, Pem'- 
phigus morta, Pemphigus Helveticus, Pemphigus 
major, Pemphigus minor, Morbus bullosus seu ve- 
sicula'rfs seu ampulla'ceus, Pem'phinx, Pemphix, 
Pemphyx, Typhus vesicula'ris, Vesic'ular Fever, 
Bladdery Fever, (F.) Fievre bulleuse, F. Vtsicu- 
laire. A disease, defined to consist of vesicles, 
scattered over the body; transparent, filbert-sized, 
with a red, inflamed edge, but without surround- 
ing blush or tumefaction ; on breaking, disposed 
to ulcerate; fluid, pellucid or slightly coloured ; 
fever, typhous. It is doubtful whether any such 
idiopathic fever have ever existed: the proba- 
bility is, that the fever and vesications have been 
an accidental complication. Cullen thinks the 
Pemphigus Helveticus must have been malignant 
sore throat. If, however, such a distinct disease 
did exist, it was probably only as an endemico- 
epidemic. 
PemphiG's Hungaricus, see Anthrax - p. 
Major, Pemphigus - p. Minor, Pemphigus - p. 
Morta, Pemphigus-p. Variolodes, see Varicella. 
652 
PENNATUS 7 
PEMPHINX, Pemphigus. 
PEMPHIX, Pemphigus. 
PEMPIIYX, Pemphigus. 
PEMPTJEA FEBRIS, Quintan. 
PENASA MUCRONATA, see Sarcocolla- p. 
Sarcoeolla, Sarcocolla. 
PENCIL-LIKE PROCESSES, Styloid pro- 
cesses. 
PENDULOUS ABDOMEN, Physconia. 
PENDULUM PALATI, Velum pendulum 
palati. 
PEN'ETRATING, Pen'etrans, from penetrare, 
(penitus intrare,) 'to go into.' A wound is so 
called which penetrates one of the great splanchnic 
cavities - Vulnus penetrans. 
A medicine is, also, so called, which is supposed 
to pass through the pores, and stimulate. 
PENICILLUM, Compress, Penicillus. 
PENICIL'LUS, Penicill'um, 'a painter's 
brushdiminutive of penis, ' a tail.' A tent or 
pledget. The secreting glandiform extremities 
of the venae portae, (Ac"ini bilio'si) have been 
so termed, as well as the villous textures. 
Penicillus, Tent. 
PENICULUM, Compress. 
PENICULUS, Tent. 
PENIDES, Saceharum hordeatum. 
PENID'IUM, Penidium sacchara'tum. A kind 
of clarified sugar, made up into rolls. Parley 
sugar. It is demulcent; see Saceharum horde- 
atum. 
PE NIL, Mons veneris. 
PENIS, 'a tail,' from pendere, 'to hang down;* 
Caulis, Coles, Caules, Caulos, Men'tula, Menta, 
Phall'us, Postlie, Pros'thium, Crithe, Cor'yne, Vo- 
mer, Pater om'nium viven'tium, Pria'pus, Virga, 
V. viri'lis, F. genita'lis, Vere'trvm, Satke, Mem- 
brum viri'le, Membrum, Verbus, Viri'le, Pars 17- 
ri'lis, Membrum seminale seu genitale viro'rum, 
Morion, Cyon, Sic'ula, Tentvm, Hasta, H. nuptia'- 
lis, H. viri'lis, Vas, Vas'culum, Peeu'lium, Vir'- 
gula, Vir, Thyrsus, Tensus, Claws, Cauda salax, 
Cauda, Fas'cinum, F. viri'le, Muto, Nervus, N. 
fistulo'sus seu fistula'ris seu juveni'lis, Per'tica 
per se, Scapus, Leco, Curcu'lio, Vena, Contus, Te- 
lum, Gurgu'lio, Sceptrum, Arma, Gla'dius, Lu'- 
bricum Caput, Muti'nus, Pains, Pes'sulus, Radix, 
Ramus, Rutab'ulum, Arma Ventris, Columna ad- 
stans inguin'ibus, Columna, Pyr'amis, Trabs, 
Spina, Catapulta viri'lis, Verpa, Machce'ra, Tau- 
rus ; the Yard, Male organ, &c. (F.) Verge, 
Membre viril. This organ, the use of which is 
to carry the seminal fluid into the female organs 
of generation, is cylindroid, long, and erectile, 
and situate before and beneath the symphysis 
pubis. In the ordinary state, it is soft and pen- 
dent in front of the scrotum. During erection, 
it becomes elongated, upright, and assumes a 
triangular shape. Its upper surface is called the 
Dorsum penis, (F.) Dos de la verge; and, at its 
anterior surface, there is a longitudinal projection 
formed by the canal of the urethra. The two 
sides of the penis are round, and its posterior 
extremity or root is attached to the pelvis. Its 
anterior extremity is free, and presents the glans, 
prepuce, and orifice of the urethra. The penis is 
formed of the corpora cavernosa, the principal 
seat of erection ; the corpus spongiosum of the 
urethra for the conveyance of the urine and 
sperm, and of the glans, which terminates the 
canal. The Arteries of the penis are branches 
of the internal pudie. The Veins correspond 
with the arteries. The Nerves are from the in- 
ternal pudic. 
Penis Cerebri, Pineal gland - p. Femineus, 
Clitoris - p. Lipodermus, Paraphimosis - p. Mu- 
liebris. Clitoris. 
PENNATUS, Penniform. PENNIFORM 
PEN'NIFORM, Pennifor'mis, Penna'tus, from 
penna, 'a pen,' and forma, 'form.' An epithet 
for muscles whose fleshy fibres are inserted on 
each side of a middle tendon, like the feathers of 
a pen on their common stalk. 
PENNYCRESS, Thlaspi. 
PENNYROYAL, Mentha pulegium, Iledeoma 
pulegioides-p. Hart's, Mentha cervina. 
PENSACOLA, see Saint Augustine. 
PENSEE, Viola tricolor-p. Sauvage, Viola 
tricolor. 
PENSILIA, Pudibilia. 
PENTAMY'RON, Pentamce'ron, from jrrvrt, 
'five,' and pvpov, 'ointment.' An ancient oint- 
ment, consisting of five ingredients. These are 
said to have been - storax, mastich, wax, opo- 
balsam, and unguentum nardinum.-Paulus, and 
Aetius. 
PENTAPIIAR'MACON, from wc, 'five,' 
and </>ap/iaKov, ' remedy.' Any medicine consist- 
ing of five ingredients. 
PENTAPHYLLUM, Potentilla reptans. 
PEN'TATEUCH, (SURGICAL,) Penfateu'- 
chus, from ncvrc, 'five,' and rtv%of, 'a book,' 
which signifies the five books of Moses-Genesis, 
Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. 
By analogy, some surgeons have given the name 
Surgical Pentateuch to the division of external 
diseases into five classes:-wounds, ulcers, tu- 
mours, luxations, and fractures. 
PENTATH'ETUM, from itcvrc, 'five,' and 
nOcvai, 'to place.' An ancient plaster consisting 
of five ingredients. 
PENULA, Ingluvies. 
PENZANCE, CLIMATE OF. This is the 
chief residence of invalids in Cornwall, England, 
during the winter. It is situated on Mount's 
Bay, about ten miles from the Land's End. It is 
5i° warmer in winter than London; 2° colder in 
summer; scarcely 1° warmer in the spring, and 
only about 2J° warmer in the autumn. It is a 
very favourable winter residence for the phthisical 
invalid. 
PEONY, Paeonia. 
PEPANSIS, Coction, Maturation. 
PEPANTICOS, Maturative. 
PEPASMOS, Coction, Maturation. 
PEPAS'TIC, Pepas'ticus, from rrcmuvu), 'I con- 
coct' A medicine supposed to have the power 
of favouring the concoction of diseases. Matu- 
rative. 
PEPEIRUS, Concocted. 
PEPINO, (S.) A cucurbitacea, which is culti- 
vated in great abundance in the fields of Peru. 
The pulp or edible part is solid, juicy, and well 
flavoured; but is apt to disagree. 
PEPO, Cucurbita pepo-p. Lagenarius, Cucur- 
bita lasenaria-p. Vulgaris, Cucurbita pepo. 
PEPPER, BLACK, Piper nigrum-p. Cayenne, 
Capsicum annuum-p. Cubeb, Piper cubeba-p. 
Guinea, Capsicum annuum-p. Jamaica, Myrtus 
Pimento-p. Long, Piper Iongum-p. Poor-man's, 
Polygonum hydropiper-p. Tailed, Piper cubeba 
-p. Turnip, Arum triphyllum-p. Water, Poly- 
gonum hydropiper-p. Water, of America, Poly- 
gonum punctatum-p. Wall, Sedum - p. White, 
Piper album. 
PEPPERWORT, Lepidium. 
PEPSIN, Pejos'num, Chy'mosin, Gas'terase, 
Diges'tive Principle, from 'coction.' A 
peculiar organic matter, which in combination 
with the gastric acids, is considered to form the 
proper digestive solvent. Its chemical constitu- 
tion is unknown. It would appear that Its pre- 
sence is necessary to induce changes in the ele- 
ments of the food, which may enable the gastric 
acids to act upon them so as to form chyme. 
653 
PERFORANS 
PEPSINUM, Pepsin. 
PEPSIS, Coction, Digestion. 
PEPTIC, Pep'ticus, from irerriu, ' I ripen.' An 
agent that promotes digestion, or is digestive. 
Also, applied adjectively to an article of food that 
is easy of digestion. 
Peptic Persuader, see Pilules aloes et Kime 
Kime. 
PERACUTUS, Catoxys. 
PERARTICULATIO, Diarthrosis. 
PERATODYNIA, Cardialgia. 
PERCE-CRANE, Perforator. 
PERCE-FEUILLE, Bupleurum rotundifo- 
lium. 
PERCE-MOUSSE, Poly trichum. 
PERCE-PIERRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
PERCEP'TA, from percipere, ' to perceive,' 
' receive? A word used hy some writers on hy- 
giene to indicate, in a general manner, the effects 
of the nervous action on the animal economy ; in 
other words, the sensations, the functions of the 
mind, and their deterioration or privation. 
PERCEP'TION, Percep'tio. The appreciation 
which the brain has of an impression made upon 
an organ of sense. 
PERCEPTIV'ITY. Same etymon. The power 
of perception. 
PERCOLATIO, Filtration, Percolation. 
PERCOLA'TION, Percola'tio, from percolare, 
(per and colure,) 'to strain through? The terms 
percolation and displacement are applied in phar- 
macy to an operation which consists in placing 
any substance, the virtues of which have to be 
extracted by a menstruum, in a funnel-shaped in- 
strument, having a septum perforated with holes, 
or its tube stuffed with cotton or tow, and pour- 
ing fresh portions of the menstruum upon it until 
all its virtues have been extracted. The opera- 
tion is used in the formation of certain infusions, 
extracts, tinctures, <tc. 
An instrument used for this purpose is called a 
displacer or per'colator. 
PERCOLATOR, see Percolation. 
PERCUSS. Percu'tere, (F.) Percuter, Frap- 
per. Same etymon as the next. To strike upon 
with the view of appreciating the resulting sound. 
To practise percussion. 
PERCUS'SION, Epicrou'sis, Pereas' sio, from 
percutere, (per, and quatere,) 'to strike? When 
immediate or direct percussion is made on the 
chest or abdomen, the more or less perfect reso- 
nance is an index of the state of the contained 
organs; and the physician is thus aided in his 
diagnosis. For this purpose the chest may be 
struck with the fingers, gathered into a bundle, 
and their tips placed upon a level. It is better, 
however, to employ mediate percussion, which 
consists in interposing, between the point of the 
fingers and the chest, the finger of the other 
hand, or a Plexim'eter, and striking this instead 
of the naked chest. 
Percussion, Auscultatory, see Acouophonia. 
PERCUTER, Percuss. 
PERCUTEUR COURRE A MARTE AU, 
(F.) An instrument used by Baron Heurteloup 
in the operation of lithotomy, in which a ham- 
mer is employed instead of a screw, to force to- 
gether the blades of the instrument on the foreign 
body. 
PERDO'NIUM. A medicated wine of herbs. 
- Paracelsus. 
PERETERIUM, Trepan. 
PERETORIUM, Trepan. 
PER'FORANS, from perforare, (per, and fo- 
rare,) 'to bore through? A name given to diffe- 
rent muscles, whose tendons pass through inter- 
vals between the fibres or tendons of other mus- 
cles ; thence called perforated. See Flexor PERFORATED 
Longus Digitorum, Ac. Under the name Per- 
forating Ar'teries, are included, 1. In the hand- 
arterial branches, given off by the profound 
palmar arch, which traverse the muscles and in- 
terosseous spaces. 2. In the thigh-three or four 
arteries, furnished by the profunda, which pass 
through the openings of the abductor magnus. 
3. In the foot-the anterior and superior branches 
of the plantar arch. 
Perforans Casserii, see Cutaneous - p. Ma- 
ntis, Flexor profundus perforans-p. Profundus, 
Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus perfo- 
rans. 
PERFORATED SPOT, Locus perforatus. 
PERFORATING ARTERIES, see Perforans. 
PERFORATIO, Perforation - p. Cranii, see 
Perforator - p. Intestinorum, Enterobrosis - p. 
Ventriculi, Gastrobrosis. 
PERFORA'TION, Perfora'tio, Anatre'sis, Di- 
atre'sis, from perforare, ' to pierce.' An acci- 
dental opening in the continuity of organs, either 
from an external or internal cause. 
Perforation, Paracentesis-p. de I'Estomac, 
Gastrobrosis- p. des Intestins, Enterobrosis - p. 
Uteri, Uterus, rupture of the. 
PER'FORATOR, Perforato'rium, (F.) Perce- 
crane. An instrument for opening the head of 
the foetus in utero, when it is necessary to dimi- 
nish its size. The operation is called Cephalo- 
tom'ia, Perfora'tio cra'nii. 
PERFORATORIUM, Perforator. 
PERFORA'TUS. That which is pierced. 
Anatomists have given this name to muscles 
whose fibres or tendons separate to suffer other 
parts to pass through them. Such are the Flexor 
brevis digitorum pedis, F. sublimis perforatus, 
and Coraco-brachialis. Also, to parts that are 
perforated for any purpose - as the substan' tia 
perfora'ta of the brain. 
Perforates Casserii, Coraco-brachialis. 
PERFRIC'TIO, Perfrige'rium, Catapsyx' is, 
Peripsyx'is, from perfrigere, (per, and frigere,) 
'to shiver with cold.' Considerable refrigeration. 
Great sense of cold: - shivering. 
PERFRIGERATIO, see Rigor. 
PERFRIGERIUM, Perfrictio. 
PERFUSIO, Fomentation - p. Frigida, see 
Affusion. 
PERI, irepi, 'about, on all sides, round about.' 
An augmentative prefix. Hence : 
PERIAIRE'SIS, from irrpt, 'about,' and aipeo>, 
' I take away.' A sort of circular incision, which 
the ancients made in the neighbourhood of large 
abscesses. The periteresis is now only practised 
in some cases of tumours. 
PERIAL'GIA, from repi, 'on all sides,' and 
aXyos, ' pain.' A very violent pain. 
PERIAMMA, Amuletum. 
PERIAPTON, Amuletum. 
PERIBLEMA, Catablema. 
PERIBLEP'SIS, from nepi, 'around,' and 
jSXfn-fc), ' I look.' The wild look that accompanies 
delirium. - Foesius. 
PERIB'OLE, from ircpi/laXXw, 'I surround.' 
The dress of a person. The pericardium. Also, 
'he translation of morbific matters towards the 
surface of the body. 
PERIBRO'SIS, Pericra'sis, from rcpi(5pwaKu>, 
(trepi, and [ipwaian, ' I eat,') ' I eat around.' Ulce- 
ration or erosion at the corners of the eyelids. 
PERICAR'DIAC, Pericar'dial, Pericardi'a- 
cus ; same etymon as the next. Relating to the 
pericardium,-as 'pericardial murmur,' 'pericar- 
dial effusion,' 'pericardial arteries, veins,' <fcc., Ac. 
PERICARDIAL, Pericardiac. 
PERICARDI'TIS, from irtpixapiiov, 'the peri- 
cardium,' and itis, denoting inflammation; In- 
654 
PERICARDIUM 
flamma'tio Pericar'dii, Pleuri'tis pericar'dii, 
Cardi'tis exter'na scu sero'sa seu membrano'sa, 
Exocardi'tis, Inflamma'tion of the pericardium, 
(F.) Pericardite, Inflammation du Piricarde. 
This is, probably, the proper appellation for most 
of those cases which have received the names of 
Carditis, Cardipericardi'tis, and Cardioperi car- 
di'tis. Along with signs of pyrexia, the local 
symptoms resemble those of pneumonia. Those 
which point out that the pericardium is the seat 
of disease, are the following: - pain, referred to 
the region of the heart, or scrobieulus cordis, - 
sometimes pungent, at others, dull and heavy: 
palpitation, accompanied with spasmodic twitch- 
ings in the neighbourhood of the heart, shooting 
up to the left shoulder ; pulsation, and sometimes 
soreness of the carotids, with tinnitus aurium and 
vertigo; the breathing is by catches; dyspnoea 
considerable; pulse jarring, jerking, peculiar; the 
tongue white, covered with a mucous coat, and the 
skin often bathed in sweat, as in acute rheumatism. 
The physical signs during the first period are as 
follows. The action of the heart is generally 
evident to the eye, and may be felt by the hand. 
There is soreness to the touch over the intercos- 
tal spaces, and over a small surface in the epi- 
gastric region, when the pressure is directed up- 
wards towards the pericardium. Percussion is 
usually natural, but at times there is dulness. 
On auscultation, the cardiac movements are 
found to be frequent, abrupt, jerking, and tu- 
multuous ; often irregular and intermittent. The 
pulse presents corresponding characters. When 
effusion of lymph has occurred, percussion may 
be negative, or be but slightly affected. On aus- 
cultation. in addition to the preceding signs, 
there may be one or more of the rubbing or fric- 
tion bruits resembling the rustling of parchment, 
or of a sawing or rasping character. In some 
cases, the sound is like the creaking of new 
leather. This has been supposed to be patho- 
gnomonic of effused lymph. The most important 
point in the pathology of pericarditis is its con- 
nexion with acute rheumatism; and it forms one 
of the most dangerous occurrences in the latter 
disease. It may be acute or chronic : in either 
case, it is, of course, formidable. The most act- 
ive depletion must be used; with large doses of 
opium, counter-irritants, and all the means re- 
quired in the most violent internal inflamma- 
tions. 
Pericarditis Exsudatoria Sanguinolenta, 
Haemopericardium. 
PERICAR'DIUM, Pericar'dion, Perib'ole, 
Membra'na Cor circumplex'a, Involu'crum seu 
Ar'cula seu Capsa seu Cap'aula seu Cam'era seu 
Indumen'tum scu Pannic'ulus seu Membra'na seu 
Theca seu Saccus seu Sac'culus seu Scrotum seu 
Vagi'na seu Vesi'ca seu Area seu Thal'amus re- 
ga'lis seu Amphico'ma seu Bursa Cordis, Sac or 
Capsule of the Heart, (F.) Peri car de ; from irtpi, 
' around,' and Kapha, ' the heart.' The pericar- 
dium is a membranous sac, which envelopes the 
heart, and the arterial and venous trunks that 
pass from or into it. It is seated in the separa- 
tion of the mediastinum, above the central apo- 
neurosis of the diaphragm, to which it strongly 
adheres. Its shape is triangular, like that of the 
heart; to which it is fitted. The pericardium is 
composed of two membranes:-the one-external 
-fibrous; the other-internal-serous. The lat- 
ter, having lined the inner surface of the external 
layer, is reflected over the heart, and covers it 
entirely; without, however, having the heart 
within it; in which arrangement it resembles 
other serous membranes. The pericardium en- 
velops the heart ; retains it in position, and faci- 
litates its movements by means of the serous PERICARDIUM 
fluid, Liquor seu Aqua seu Humor seu Lympha 
seu Uri'na Pericar'dii, Hydrocar' dia, which it 
contains in greater or less quantity. 
The arteries of the pericardium are small, and 
derived from the superior phrenic, anterior me- 
diastinal and bronchial. The veins accompany 
them, and open into the brachio-cephalic. No 
nerves have been traced to it. The lymphatics 
enter the lymphatic glands that surround the 
vena cava superior. 
PERICARPIUM. Epicarpium. 
PERICHOLIA, Polycholia. 
PERICHONDRI'TIS, Injlamma'tio perichon'- 
drii, from perichondrium, and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the perichondrium: 
hence Perichondri'tis laryn'gea;--Inflammation 
of the perichondrium covering the larynx. 
PERICHON'DRIUM, from wtpi, 'around,' and 
' a cartilage.' A membrane of a fibrous 
nature, which covers cartilages that are non-arti- 
cular, and bears considerable analogy to the peri- 
osteum in organization and uses. 
PERICHRISIS, Circumlitio, Liniment. 
PERICIIRISTONjCircumlitio, Liniment. 
PERICLA'SIS, from ntpi, 'about,' and xXaw, 
' I break.' A comminuted fracture, with denu- 
dation of the bone. - Galen, Foesius. 
PERICLYMENUM, Lonicera periclymenum 
- p. Vulgare, Lonicera periclymenum. 
PERICNE'MIA, from zrrpi, 'about,' and svnpn, 
'the leg.' The parts surrounding the tibia; - 
the tibia itself. 
PERICRANICEDE'MA, from pericranium, 
and oiSnya, 'a swelling.' CEdema of the head, 
owing to fluid effused under the pericranium. 
PERICRA'NIUM, Pericra'nion, Pericra'nia, 
from ucpi, 'around,' and Kpavcov, 'the cranium.' 
The periosteum, which covers the cranium exter- 
nally. 
PERICRASIS, Peribrosis. 
PERIDER'IA, from -ntpi, 'around,' and itpn, 
' the neck.' Twisting of the cord round the neck 
of the child. 
PERIDES'MIC, Perides'micus ; from mpi, 
'around,' and Seapo;, 'a ligament.' Some noso- 
logists have given this name to ischuria caused 
by a ligature round the penis or by stricture of 
the urethra. 
PERIDES'MIUM: from irr.pi, 'around,' and 
Scapot, 'ligament.' The delicate areolar tissue 
covering a ligament. 
PERIDIASTOLE, see Diastole. 
PERID'ROMUS, from irepi, 'about,' and ipopot, 
' a course.' The extreme circumference of the 
hairs of the head. - Gorraeus. 
PERIESTICOS, Salutary. 
PERIGLOTTIS, Epiglottic gland: see Tongue. 
PERIG'RAPHE, from irepiypa<p<j>, (rcpi, and 
ypa<p<», 'I write,') 'I circumscribe.' The apo- 
neurotic intersections of the rectus abdominis are 
so called.-Vesalius. 
PERILYMPH, Cotunnius, liquor of. 
PERIMYELITIS, Meningitis, spinal. 
PERIMYS'IUM, Fas'cia, from nipt, 'around,' 
and pv;, ' a muscle.' The areolar membrane or 
sheath - vagi'na muscula'ris- that surrounds a 
muscle, or its fasciculi. The sheath of the whole 
muscle is termed Perimysium externum; of the 
fasciculi, Perimysium internum. 
PERIN, Peris, from ripa, 'a sac or pouch.' 
With some, this means the scrotum; with others, 
the testicle; with others, the vagina; with others, 
the peritonaeum; and with others, the anus. 
PERINJEOCELE, Hernia, perineal. 
PERINAE'UM, Interfemin,'eum, Interfoemin'- 
655 
PERIODEIA 
eum, Interfoemin'ium, Interfce'mina, Iter femin'- 
eum, Peris, Perin, Perineum, Gressu'ra, Plechas, 
Am'phiplex, Peche'deon, Mesas' celon, Mesos'celus, 
Perine'on, Perince'os, Perine'os, Tramis, Tauros, 
Interforamine'um, Cocho'ne, Plichos, Mesome'rion, 
Foemen, Re'gio Perino:'i, (F.) P&rinee. The space 
at the inferior region of the trunk, between the 
ischiatic tuberosities, anus, and genital organs. 
It is smaller in the female than in the male; has 
a triangular shape, and is divided into two equal 
parts by a median line, called Raphe. It is oc- 
casionally ruptured in labour. At times, it has 
been made to extend posteriorly as far as the os 
coccygis. The part between the pudendum and 
anus is sometimes called ante'rior pcrince'um, to 
distinguish it from that which extends from the 
anus to the coccyx, called poste'rior perince'um. 
PERINJEUS, Perineal. 
PERINE'AL, Perince'us, Perinaa'lis, Peri- 
nea'lis. That which relates or belongs to the 
periuceum ; as Perineal artery, P. hernia, <fcc. 
Perineal Aponeurosis, P. Fascia. 
Perineal Artery, Arte'rj'a perinaa'lis, Su- 
perficial artery of the Perince'um. A branch of 
the internal pudic distributed to the perinaeum. 
Perineal Cutaneous Nerve, see Sciatic 
nerve, lesser. 
Perineal Fas'cia, F. Perince'i, Perine'al apo- 
neuro'sis. The fascise, - superficial and deep- 
seated-Perine'al lig'anient - Camper's ligament, 
Trian'gular lig'ament,-which belong to the peri- 
nseum. 
Perine'al Fossa, Fossa perince'i, Ischio-rectal 
fossa. A conical fossa, the base of which cor- 
responds with the skin ; is formed anteriorly by 
the transversus perinsei muscle; behind, by the 
inferior border of the glutasus maximus ; inter- 
nally, by the levator ani; and externally, by the 
tuber ischii. It is filled up with fat and fibrous 
striae. 
Perineal Ischuria, Ischu'ria Perinea'lis. A 
name given by Sauvages to retention of urine, 
caused by a tumour seated in the perinaeum. 
Perineal Ligament, see P. fascia. 
Perineal Nerve. A branch of the internal 
pudic; which is mainly distributed to the peri- 
nteum and scrotum of the male; and to the vulva 
and perinaeum of the female. 
Perineal Region, Perinaeum. 
PERINEE, Perinaeum. 
PERINEPHRI'TIS, (F.) Phlegmon pMnt- 
phritique, from repi, 'around,' 'kidney,' 
and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflammation 
of the external areolar and fibrous membranes of 
the kidney, or of their investing adipose areolar 
tissue. 
PERINEPIIRUS, see Kidney. 
PERINEURION, Neurilemma. 
PERINYC'TIDES, crept, and vvf, 'night.' An 
eruption appearing at night and disappearing by 
day. - Erotian. 
PE'RIOD, Periodus, Periodei'a, Periodeu'sis, 
Sta'dium, Circu'itus, from ircpt, 'about,' and 'oios, 
'way;' Circuit. Periods are the different phases 
or revolutions of a disease,-the epochs which are 
distinguishable in the course of a disease. Three 
periods are commonly enumerated. 1. The aug- 
mentation, increase, or progress, (Incremen'tum ;) 
2. The acme or height, (F.) Etat (Status;) and, 
3. The decline (Deer ementum.) Some authors 
reckon only the invasion and termination. 
Period is sometimes used in describing an in- 
termittent, for the time between the commence- 
ment of a paroxysm and that of the next, in- 
cluding the fit as well as interval. 
Periods, Monthly, Menses. 
PERIODEIA, Period. • PERIODEUSIS 
PERIODEUSIS, Period. 
PERIODEUTES, Charlatan. 
PERIODICITY,Periodic" itas,Rhythm; same 
etymon. The aptitude of certain physiological 
and pathological phenomena, in health or dis- 
ease, to recur at particular periods, after longer 
or shorter intervals, during which they cease 
completely. Diseases, thus recurring, are called 
Periodical or rhyth' mical- Typo'sen. 
PERIODOL'OGY, Periodolog"ia; from irs- 
ptoios, 'a course or circuit,' and Xoyos, 'a dis- 
course.' The doctrine of periodicity in health 
and disease. 
PERIODONTI'TIS, (F.) Periodontite, Inflam- 
mation de la Membrane alviolo-dentairc, from 
ntpi, '.about,' and oiovf, ' a tooth. Inflammation 
of the membrane that lines the socket of a tooth. 
Periodontitis Gingivarum, Ulitis. 
PERIOD'OSCOPE; from repioSos, 'a period,' 
and axo-cw, 'I view.' An instrument, proposed 
by Dr. Tyler Smith, for the ready calculation of 
the periodical functions of the sex. It consists 
of a movable circular dial, upon which the months 
and days are engraved, fixed on a pivot in the 
centre of a large plate on which are numbered 
the different conditions of the reproductive sys- 
tem, as conception, abortion, premature labour, 
hemorrhage, labour, &e. By a knowledge of the 
date of conception, say November 14th, and fixing 
the movable plate opposite the point on the fixed 
plate which indicates conception, the observer is 
enabled, at once, to see, that, allowing 280 days 
for gestation, labour may be expected about the 
20th of August. The dial is made of card-board, 
and is affixed to a small volume, in which its uses 
and applications are explained. 
PERIODUS MORBI, Type - p. Sanguinis, 
Circulation. 
PERIODYN'IA, from irspi, and oivvrj, 'pain.' 
A violent and extensive pain. 
PERIONE, Decidua. 
PERIOR'BITA, Perios'teum or'bitce, from irspi, 
'around,' and orbita, 'the orbit.' An appellation 
used, by some, for the periosteum lining the orbit, 
which is a continuation of the dura mater. The 
inflammation of this periosteum is termed Peri- 
orbi'tis or Periorbiti'tis, and Inflamma'tio perios'- 
tei or'bitoe. 
PERIORBITIS, see Periorbita. 
PERIORBITITIS, see Periorbita. 
PERIOSTEITIS, see Periostitis. 
PERIOS'TEUM, Perios'teon, Periosteos, Pe- 
rios'tium, Circumossa'le, Membra'na ossis, Omen'- 
tum os'sium, Circumossa'lis Membra'na, from ncpi, 
'around,' and oarcov, 'a bone.' The periosteum 
is a fibrous, white, resisting medium which sur- 
rounds the bones every where, except the teeth 
at their coronae, and the parts of other bones that 
are covered with cartilage. The external surface 
is united, in a more or less intimate manner, to 
the neighbouring parts by areolar tissue. Its 
inner surface covers the bone, whose depressions 
it accurately follows. It is united to the bone by 
small, fibrous prolongations; and, especially, by 
a prodigious quantity of vessels, which penetrate 
their substance. The periosteum unites the bones 
to the neighbouring parts. It assists in their 
growth, either by furnishing, at its inner surface, 
as M. Beclard demonstrated, an albuminous exu- 
dation, which becomes cartilaginous, and at length 
ossifies; - or by supporting the vessels, which 
penetrate them to carry the materials of their 
nutrition. See Medullary membrane. 
Periosteum Internum, Medullary membrane 
p. Orbitae, Periorbita. 
PERIOSTI'JIS, Periostei'tis, Inflamma'tio 
656 
PERISPHALSIS 
perios'tei, from periosteum and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the periosteum. 
PERIOSTO'SIS. Tumour of the periosteum- 
Tumours are so called which are developed on 
bones, and formed by their outer membrane. 
These tumours are more rapidly developed, have 
a less degree of consistence, anil sooner disperse 
than exostoses, which they resemble greatly. 
PERIPHERAL, see Peripheral aspect. 
Periph'eral, Periph'eric, Peripher'ical; from 
nepi, 'around,' and <j>e(iw, 'I bear.' Relating or 
appertaining to the periphery or circumference. 
Peripheral Aspect. An aspect towards the 
circumference of an organ.-Barclay. Periph'- 
erad is used by the same writer adverbially to 
signify ' towards the peripheral aspect.' 
PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SYSTEM, Ca- 
pillary system. 
PERIPIIIMOSIS, Paraphimosis. 
PERIPLEUMONIA, Peripneumonia. 
PER1PL0CA INDICA, Hemidesmus Indicus. 
PERIP'LYSIS, from irrpt, and TrAvats, ' the act 
of washing;' Proflu'vium. A copious discharge 
from any part, especially from the bowels. 
PERIPNEUMO'NIA, Peripleumo'nia, Pe- 
ripneumoni'tis, True peripneu'mony, from ircpi, 
'around,' and irvevguv, 'the lung.' Inflammation 
of the substance of the lungs. - See Pneumonia. 
Peripneumonia Bilio'sa. Inflammation of 
the lungs, accompanied with bilious fever. 
Peripneumo'nia Catarrha'lis. Bronchitis or 
pulmonary catarrh, with pain in some part of the 
chest. Peripneumonia notha. 
Peripneumo'nia Notha, P. spu'ria, P. pitui- 
to'sa, P. catarrha'lis, Pneumo'nia notha, Pseudo- 
peripneumonia, Pseudo-pneumonia, Pseudo-pneu- 
moni'tis, Bronchoc'ace, Blennotho' rax, Obstruc'tio 
pulmo'num pituito'sa febri'lis, Bronchi'tis asthen'- 
ica, False or Bastard Peripneu'mony, (F.) Pe- 
ripneumonie b&tarde ou fausse. An inexact name, 
under which some affections are comprised that 
resemble pneumonia; and, especially chronic 
bronchitis with pleurodynia. - See Bronchitis 
(chronic.) 
Peripneumonia Pituitosa, P. notha. 
PERIPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia. 
PERIPNEUMONY, Pneumonia - p. Bastard, 
Peripneumonia notha. 
Peripneumony, Latent. Peripneumony whose 
symptoms are so obscure as to be recognised with 
difficulty. 
PERIPSYXIS, Catapsyxis, Perfrictio. 
PERIPYE'MA, from Ttepi, ' about,' and irvov, 
'pus.' Suppuration around an organ; - a tooth, 
for example. 
PERIRRHCE'A, Perir'rhoc, from ircpi, 'about,' 
and pew, ' I flow.' Afflux of fluids from every 
point of the body towards an organ which has to 
remove them from the economy. .Also, enuresis. 
PERIS, Perin. 
PERISCELIS, Jarretit.re. 
PERISCYPHISMUS, Periscythismus. 
PERISCYTHIS'MUS, Periscy'thisis, Pery'- 
scytis'mus, Periscy'tisis, Periscy'phisis, Peris- 
cyphismus, Scalping, from repi, 'around,' and 
'a Scythian,' that is, 'scalping after the 
manner of the Scythians.' An operation described 
by Paulus of ASgina. It consisted of an incision 
made around the cranium, and was employed in 
habitual weakness of the eyes, pains of tho 
head, &c. 
PERISPHAL'SIS, Oircumduc'tio, from irq>», 
'about,' and a<paX\u>, ' I move.' A circular motion 
impressed on a luxated bone, for the purpose of 
reducing it. PERISSODACTYLUS 
PERISSODACTYLUS, Polydactylus. 
PERISTALTIC, Systaltic - p. Action, Peris- 
tole. 
PERISTAPIIYLINUS EXTERNUS, Circum- 
flexus inusculus - p. Inferior, Circuinflexus mus- 
culus - p. Interims, Levator palati. 
PERISTERA ANCEPS, Pelargonium anceps. 
PERISTERIUM, Verbena officinalis. 
PERISTER'NA, from repi, 'about,' and arcp- 
vav, ' the sternum.' The lateral parts of the chest. 
PERIS'TOLE, Motus Peristal'tiers, M. com- 
presso'rius sen vermicula'ris seu testudin'eus, from 
rrepi, 'around,' and <rrcXX<*, 'I contract.,' 'I close.' 
The peristaltic action of the intestines, Motus 
peristal'ticus. It consists of a kind of undulation 
or vermicular movement, in appearance irregular, 
but in which the circular fibres of the muscular 
membrane of the intestine contract successively, 
from above downwards, in proportion as the 
chyme advances in the alimentary canal; so that, 
being compressed above, it is pushed into the 
next portion of the intestine, whose fibres are in 
a state of relaxation. When the fibres contract 
inversely, they occasion an antiperistaltic action. 
The peristaltic action is involuntary, and is not 
under the immediate influence of either brain or 
spinal marrow. It continues for some time after 
death. 
PERISTOMA, Peristroma. 
PERISTOMIUM, Mouth. 
PERISTRO'MA, Peris'toma, Mus'cns villo'sus, 
Crusta membrana'cea, Crusta vermicula'ris, from 
ircpi, 'around,' and arpuivvvpi, 'to spread.' The 
villous or mucous coat of the intestines.-Castelli. 
P E R IS Y S'T OL E, from irtpi, 'about,' and 
avaroXn, 'contraction.' The interval that exists 
between the systole and diastole of the heart, 
which is only perceptible in the dying. - Bar- 
tholine. 
PERITERION, Trepan perforatif. 
PERITESTIS, Albuginea. 
PEHITOINE, Peritonaeum. 
PERITOME, Circumcision. 
PERITON JSRIX'IS, Peritonaorex'is, from 
ncpiruvaiov, 'the peritonaeum,' and pnyvvu, 'I 
break.' Hernia formed by the rupture of the 
peritonaeum. 
PERITONAEUM, Peritone'nm, Peritone'on, 
Pentonei'on, Peritona'os, Peritoni'on, Peritoneos, 
1 ela men' turn abdomma'le, Tu'nica praten'sa seu 
Operimen'turn, pretensum seu Membra'na abdom'- 
inis, Siphar, Syphar, Zepach, Ziphac, (F.) Pe- 
ritoine, from itcpt, ' around,' and ruvia, ' I stretch.' 
A serous membrane, which lines the abdominal 
cavity; extends over the greater part of the or- 
gans contained there; envelops them wholly or 
in part, and maintains their respective relations 
by means of different prolongations and liga- 
mentous folds :-the mesentery, epiploon, mesoco- 
lon, <tc. Like all the serous membranes, the 
peritoneum is a sort of sac without aperture, 
which covers the abdominal organs, without con- 
taining them within it, and the internal surface 
of which is smooth, and lubricated by a serous 
fluid. In the male foetus, the peritonaeum fur- 
nishes a prolongation, which accompanies the 
testicle at the time of its descent, and, in the 
female foetus, forms the Canal of Nuck. Below 
the neck of the gall-bladder, the peritonaeum has 
a triangular opening, called the Foramen or 
Hiatus of Winslow, through which it proceeds 
behind the stomach, to form a sort of secondary 
cavity, called the posterior cavity of the perito- 
neum, (F.) Arriere cavite piritoneale ou Cavite 
des Epiploons. 
Peritoneum Duplicatum, Epiploon, gastro- 
colic. 
657 
PERMIXTIQ 
PERITONITE, Peritonitis-p. Puvrpirale, 
see Peritonitis. 
PERITONI'TIS, Enipres'ma Peritonitis, Pe- 
ritoneei'tis, Cauma Peritonitis, Inflamina'tio Pe- 
ritonse'i, Phleg'mone peritonce'i, Phlegma' sia or 
Inflammation of the Peritona'um, from perito- 
neum, and ttt», denoting 'inflammation.' (F.) 
Peritonite, Inflammation du Ptritoine. The cha- 
racteristic signs of acute inflammation of the 
peritonaeum are, -violent pain in the abdomen, 
increased by the slightest pressure, often by the 
simple weight of the bed-clothes. It generally 
occurs in the parturient state; and begins on the 
second or third day after delivery. At times, a 
malignant epidemic, and perhaps contagious, va- 
riety has made its appearance, and destroyed 
numbers of females. This has been described 
under the name Puer'peral Fever, J/etropcritoni'- 
tin, Ene'cia Syn'ochus Puerpera'rwm, (F.) Peri- 
tonite puerptrale, Metropiritonite puerptrale, 
Fievre puerpirale, Typhus puerperal, Erythemat'- 
ic or Nonplas'tic Puerperal Peritonitis, Typho- 
ha'mie Peritoni'tis, Adynam'ic or Malig'nant 
Puer'peral Fever, Low Fever of Childbed. It is, 
according to some, a malignant inflammation of 
the peritoneum and uterus; according to others, 
a Uterine Phlebitis. In any form it requires 
active treatment, early employed. The ap- 
pearances on dissection are such as occur when- 
ever a serous membrane has been inflamed, and 
such inflammation has produced death :-effusion 
of fluid with flakes of coagulable lymph in it; 
appearances of vascularity, <tc., in the membrane. 
The treatment - in active peritonitis - must con- 
sist of the same course as recommended under 
Enteritis. In the chronic kind, symptoms must 
be combated as they arise, and it may be ad- 
visable to excite a new action in the system by 
means of mercury. In the epidemic and malig- 
nant variety, unless bleeding be freely employed 
at the very' outset, it does harm. If used early, 
it is of decided advantage. Every thing de- 
pends upon arresting the morbid process at the 
outset. 
Peritonitis, Erythkmatic, see Peritonitis - 
p. Nonplastic, see Peritonitis - p. Puerperal, see 
Peritonitis - p. Typhohaemic, see Peritonitis. 
PERITTOMA, Excrement. 
PERITYPIILI'TIS; from irrpi, 'around,' and 
inflammation of the caecum. Inflam- 
mation of the areolar substance surrounding the 
caecum. See Typhlo-enteritis. 
PERIWINKLE, LESSER, Vinca minor. 
PERIZO'MA, from (iripi, and $u>v- 
vvpi, 'to gird,') 'to gird around.' A bandage; a 
girdle. In Fabrieius Ilildanus, a truss. Herpes 
zoster. The diaphragm. 
PER'KINISM. A therapeutical means, first 
employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins, of Norwich, 
Connecticut, towards the termination of the last 
century, and named after him. It consisted in 
drawing over affected or other parts the pointed 
extremities of two metallic rods, called Metallic 
Tractors, each made of a different metal. The 
success obtained, was through the influence of 
the imagination; and, consequently, as a reme- 
dial agent, it ranks as high as animal magnetism, 
but no higher. The operation was, also, called 
Tractora'tion. 
PER'KINIST. A believer in and practiser of 
Perkin ism. 
PERKINIS'TIC. Relating or belonging to 
Perkinism. 
PERLA, Pearl, Paralampsis. 
PERLE, Pearl. 
PERMISTIO, Coition. 
PERMIXTIO, Coition. PERMOTIO 
PERMOTIO, Motion. 
PERN1 ClEUX, Deleterious. 
PERNICIOSUS, Deleterious. 
PERNIO, Chilblain. 
PERNOCTATIO, Insomnia. 
PEROCEPH'ALUS, from 'deficient,' 
and ' head.' A monster with a defective 
head. 
PEROCOR'MUS, Oligospon'dylus, from itripos, 
' defective,' and Koppos, ' trunk.' A malformation 
in which the trunk is defective, and too short, 
from the absence of one or more vertebras, - the 
head and limbs being normal. 
PERODACTYLEUS, Flexor longus digitorum 
pedis profundus perforans. 
PERODYNIA, see Cardialgia. 
PEROMEL'IA, from injpos, 'wanting,' and 
ptXoj, ' a limb.' Congenital misconstruction, or 
mutilation of the limbs. A genus in the noso- 
logy of Good. 
PEROM'ELUS. A monster possessed of the 
deformity mentioned above. 9 
PERONE, Fibula-p. Col du, Collum fibulae. 
PERONE'AL, Perona'us, Fibula'ris, Fib'ular, 
from ircoovri, ' the fibula.' Belonging or relating 
to the fibula. 
Peroneal Artery, Fib'ular A., arises from 
the popliteal, and is situate deeply in the pos- 
terior and outer part of the leg. It gives off 
branches of little importance. Near the outer 
ankle, it divides into two branches. 1. The pos- 
terior peroneal, which descends behind the lower 
joint of the fibula, on the outer surface of the 
calcaneum. 2. The anterior peroneal, which 
crosses the inferior extremity of the interosseous 
ligament, to be distributed on the dorsal surface 
of the foot. 
Peroneal Muscles are three in number. 1. 
Peronaus Brevis, P. Secundus, P. anti'cus, P. 
Jfe'dius, Semi-fibula'us, (F.) Grand-pironto-sus- 
niltatarsien, Court peroneo-latiral, Moyen Pero- 
:>ier. A muscle, situate beneath the peronaeus 
longus. It is attached above, to the outer sur- 
face of the fibula, and terminates, below, at the 
posterior extremity of the 5th metatarsal bone, 
after having been reflected beneath the malleolus 
externus. It extends the foot upon the leg, at 
the same time raising a little the outer edge. It 
may, also, act upon the leg, and extend it upon 
the foot. 2. Peronaus Longus, Peronaus primus 
seu posti'cus, P. max'imus seu posterior, (F.) 
Tibi-peroneo-tarsien, Long peronier lateral, Pe- 
ronZo-sous-tarsien, (Ch.,) Muscle grand peronier. 
This muscle is situate at the outer part of the leg. 
It is long, thick, and triangular above; thin, nar- 
row, and flat below. It is attached above to the 
outer edge of the upper extremity of the fibula, 
and to the upper third of the outer surface of that 
bone. Below, it terminates at the outer part of 
the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
bone. This muscle extends the foot on the leg, 
turning its point outward, and raising its outer 
edge. It acts, also, upon the leg, which it ex- 
tends on the foot. 3. Peronaus Tertius, Nonas 
Vesa'lii, (F.) Peronier anterieur, Petit peroneo- 
sus-metatarsien (Ch.,) Petit Peronier, A muscle, 
situate at the anterior, outer, and inferior part of 
the leg. It is long and flat, and is attached, 
above, to the inferior third of the anterior mar- 
gin and inner surface of the fibula; terminating, 
below, at the posterior extremity of the 5th me- 
tatarsal bone. This muscle bends the foot on the 
leg, by raising its outer edge. It can, also, bend 
the leg on the foot. 
Peroneal Nerve, see Popliteal nerves. 
Peroneal Vein follows the same course as 
the artery. 
658 
PERSPIRATION 
PERONE DACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
torum pedis profundus perforans. 
PERONEO-LATERAL COURT, Peronmus 
brevis-p. Phalanginien du grot orteil, Flexor 
longus pollieis pedis-p. Sou»-phalangettien du 
pouce, Flexor longus pollieis pedis-p. Sone- 
tartien, Peronaeus longus-p. Sut-mitatamien, 
Peronaeus fortius-p. Su»-m(tatar»ien, grand, 
Peronaeus brevis-p. Sne-phalangettien du pouce, 
Extensor proprius pollieis pedis-p. Tibi eus- 
phalangettien commun, Extensor communis digi- 
torum pedis -p. Sus-phalangien du pouce, Ex- 
tensor proprius pollieis pedis. 
PERONE UM, Fibula. 
PERONIER, GRAND, Peronaeus longus - 
p. Lateral, long, Peronaeus longus -p. Moyen, 
Peronaeus brevis-p. Petit, Peronaeus tertius. 
PERONODACTYLIASUS, Flexor longus digi- 
torum pedis profundus perforans. 
PERONODACTYLIUS, Flexor longus digi- 
torum pedis profundus perforans. 
PEROSO'MUS, from iri/poy, ' mutilated,' and 
cwpa, 'body.' A monster, whose whole body is 
imperfectly developed. - Gurlt. 
PEROSPLANCH'NICA, from 'want- 
ing,' and c-TrXa/x'""', 'a viscus.' Congenital mis- 
construction of the viscera. A genus in the no- 
sology of Good. 
PERPENDICULUM HEPATIS, Suspensory 
ligament of the liver. 
PERPERACU'TUS. ' Extremely acute.' An 
epithet applied to very violent and rapid diseases. 
PERPLEXI MORBI, see Complication. 
PERPLICA'TION, Perplica'tio; from per, 
'through,' and plico, 'I fold.' A method of tying 
arteries, which consists in making a small inci- 
sion in the side of the artery, near its bleeding 
orifice, introducing a small pair of forceps, seizing 
the open extremity, and drawing it .backward, 
through the aperture made in the side of the 
vessel, so as to form a kind of knot. 
PERROSIN, see Pinus abies. 
PERSEA CAMFORA, See Camphor-p. Cas- 
sia, Laurus cassia-p. Cinnamomum, Laurus cin- 
namomum - p. Cubeba, Piper cubeba. 
Per'sea Gatis'sima, Palta tree. A slender, 
very high tree of Peru, with a small dome-like 
top, which grows on the eastern declivity of the 
Andes, and rises, at times, to the height of more 
than 60 feet. Its fruit, - (S.) Palta - which is 
pear-shaped, is generally much liked. It dis- 
solves, like butter, on the tongue, and hence is 
called, in some of the French colonies, beurre 
vegetalc. 
Persea Pichurim, see Pichurim beans - p. 
Sassafras, Laurus sassafras. 
PERSIAN FIRE. Anthracion. 
PERSICA VULGARIS, Amygdalus Persica. 
PERSICAIRE DOUCE, Persicaria. 
PERSICARIA, Polygonum Persicaria-p. Mi- 
nor, Polygonum Persicaria-p. Mitis, Polygonum 
Persicaria-- p. Urens, Polygonum hydropiper - 
p. Wandspiked, Polygonum Virginianum. 
PERSIL, Apium petroselinum - p. d'An*, 
Chaerophyllinn sylvestre-p. Faux, JEthusa cy- 
napium - p. de Macedoine, Bubon Macedonicum 
- p. de Montagne, Athamanta aureoselinum. 
PERSIMMON, Diospyros Virginiana. 
PEPtSOLATA. Arctium lappa. 
PERSOLLATA, Arctium lappa. 
PERSOLUTA, Arctium lappa. 
PERSPICILLUM, see Spectacles. 
PERSPIRABILE SANCTORIANUM, Per- 
spiration. 
PERSPIRA'TION, Perspira'tio, Tranepira'- 
tio, Diffla'tio, Diap'noe, Diapnce'a, Diapneu'sie, 
Perspirab'ile Sanctoria'num, from per, 'through/ PERSUDATIO 
and spirare, 'to breathe, exhale.' The insensible 
transpiration or exhalation continually going on 
at the surface of the skin and membranes. Sen- 
sible perspiration is called sweat. The perspira- 
tory fluid is secreted by an appropriate glandular 
apparatus, termed by Breschet diapnog"enous, 
or suclorip'arous glands, Gland'nice sudorip'artE, 
Or'gana sudorip' ara, sweat glands, consisting of 
a secreting parenchyma, situate beneath the true 
skin, and of spiral ducts, which open obliquely 
under the scales of the epidermis. A certain 
portion of the perspired fluid is thrown off by 
ordinary physical evaporation. 
The Pulmonary exhalation or transpiration is 
that which takes place into the bronchia, and is 
sent out with the expired air. 
PERSUDATIO, Diapedesis. 
PERSULTATIO, Diapedesis. 
PE UTE, Metrorrhagia - p. d' Appetit, Ano- 
rexia-p. de la Memoire, Amnesia-p. de I'Odo- 
rat, Anosmia-p. de Sang, llaamorrhagia-p. de 
la Voix, Aphonia-p. de la Vue, Carnitas. 
PERTERE BRANT, Perter'ebrans ; from per, 
'through,' and terebrare, 'to bore.' The French 
give this epithet to an acute pain - Douleur per- 
tirebrante-which occasions a sensation like that 
which would be produced by an instrument pe- 
netrating and lacerating a part; - the pain from 
whitlow, for example. 
PE RTES BLANCHES, Leucorrhoea -p. de 
Sang, Metrorrhagia-p. Seminales, Spermator- 
rhoea- p. Uttrines, Metrorrhagia-p. Uterines 
rouges, Metrorrhagia-p. Uterin.es blanches, Leu- 
corrhoea. 
PERTICA PER SE, Penis. 
PERTURBATIONES ANIMI, Affections of 
the mind. 
PERTURBA' TRIX, (Medici'na) .Per'turba- 
ting Treatment, (F.) Methode ou Medecine per- 
turbatrice. A mode of treatment in which very 
active means are employed, and such as impress 
upon diseases a different course from that natural 
to them. It is the antithesis to the Medicina ex- 
pectant. Much evil has resulted from such treat- 
ment, especially in febrile diseases. 
PERTUS'SIS, from per, a prefix denoting ex- 
cess, and tussis, 'a cough.' Tussis feri'na, T. 
convulsi'va, T. pu'eros strang'ulans, T. quinta, T. 
stomacha'lis, T. an'hela clamo'sa, T. stran'gulans, 
T. delas'sans, T. suf'focans, T. amphemer'ina, T. 
tussiculo'sa, T. spasmod'ica, T. asini'na, T. cani'- 
na, Bronchi'tis convulsi'va, Bronchocephali'tis, 
Pneusis pertus'sis, Amphemer'ina, Orthopnoe'a 
tussiculo'sa, clango'sa, suffocati'va, clamo'sa, 
spasmod'ica, Morbus Cucul'lus, Morbus cuculla'- 
ris, Ouculus, Bcchorthopnoe'a, Bex convulsi'va, 
Bex therio'des, Hooping-cough, Whooping-cough, 
Chin-cough, Kin-cough, Kind-cough, (Germ. 
Kind, 'a child,') (F.) Coqucluche, Catarrhe ou 
Bronchite convulsive, Toux convulsive, T. quin- 
teuse, T. bleue, Maladie cuculaire. A violent 
convulsive cough, returning by fits, (F.) Quintes, 
at longer or shorter intervals ; and consisting of 
several expirations, followed by a sonorous in- 
spiration or whoop. The fits of coughing gene- 
rally recur more frequently during the night, 
morning, and evening, than in the day. It is 
esteemed to be contagious, and attacks the young 
more particularly. It is rare for it to affect an 
individual for the second time. The duration is 
various,-six or eight weeks or more. Although 
the paroxysms are very violent, it is not a dan- 
gerous disease. It may, however, give rise to 
other affections, as convulsions, pneumonia, <tc., 
when the complication is very dangerous, as the 
cause cannot be removed. Those children suffer 
the least, who evacuate the contents of the sto- 
mach during the fit. In the treatment, all that 
659 
PESTILENTIAL 
can be done is to palliate. It mnst be borne in 
mind, that the disease will, in time, wear itself 
out. If there be much tensive pain of the head, or 
fever, bleeding may be required, but it is seldom 
necessary. Narcotics occasionally afford relief, 
but it is temporary. Gentle emetics, given occa- 
sionally, when the paroxysms are long and dry, 
give decided relief, and aid in the expectoration 
of the morbid secretions. After the disease has 
continued for some weeks, and persists in part 
from habit, change of air is essential, and this, 
even should the change be to an atmosphere 
that is less pure. 
PERU, see Lima. 
PERUNCTIO, Inunction. 
PER VENCHE, Vinca minor. 
PERVER'SION, Perver'sio, from per and ver- 
tere, 'to turn.' Dias'trophe, Diastrem'ma. One 
of the four modifications of function in disease: 
the three others being augmentation, diminution, 
and abolition. The humourists used this term 
also to designate disorder or morbid change in 
the fluids. 
PERVERSION DE LA TETE DES OS 
ET DES MUSCLES, Loxarthrus. 
PERVIGILIUM, Insomnia, Coma vigil. 
PES, irovs, Ichnus, (F.) Pied, 'the foot.' The 
inferior extremity of the abdominal member, 
representing a bony arch, an elastic vault, which 
transmits the weight of the body to the ground. 
It is divided into three parts;-the tarsus, meta- 
tarsus, and toes. 
Pes Alexandrinus, Anthemis pyrethrum-p. 
Anserinus, Chenopodium bonus Henricus, Facial 
nerve-p. Cati, Antennaria Dioica-p. Equinus, 
see Kyllosis - p. Hippocampi major, Cornu am- 
monis-p. Hippocampi minor, Hippocampus mi- 
nor-p. Hippopotami major, Cornu ammonis-p. 
Hippopotami minor, Cornu ammonis-p. Leonis, 
Alchemilla. 
PESANTEUR, Weight-p. Speclfique, Gra- 
vity, specific. 
PESE-ACIDE, Acidometer-p. Liqueur, Are- 
ometer-p. Strop, Saccharometer. 
PES'SARY, Pessa'rium, from vcaaos, 'a small 
stone.' Pessus, Pessum, Pes'sulus, Supposito'rium 
uteri'num, Glans, Lemnis'cus. A solid instrument, 
composed of cork, ivory, or elastic gum, which is 
introduced into the vagina to support the uterus, 
in cases of prolapsus or relaxation of that organ; 
to keep vaginal hernia reduced, <tc. The an- 
cients made use of medicated pessaries, which 
they distinguished into emollient, astringent, 
aperient, <fcc. The form of pessaries is very va- 
riable;- round, oval, Ac., according to circum- 
stances. 
Pessary, Egyptian, JEgyptius pessus. 
PESSULUS, Pessary, Penis. 
PESSUM, Pessary. 
PESSUS, Pessary. 
PEST, Plague. 
PESTE, Plague. 
PESTICHL®, Petechiae. 
PESTICIA3. Petechiae. 
PES'TILENCE, Pesttlenttia, PestiV itas, from 
pestis, 'a pest.' A malignant spreading disease; 
-applied especially to plague. 
Pestilence, Choleric, Cholera spasmodica- 
p. Glandular, Plague - p. Haemagastric, Fever, 
yellow-p. Septic, Plague. 
PESTILENT-WORT, Tussilago petasites. 
PESTILENTIA, Plague - p. Htemagastrica, 
Fever, yellow. 
PESTILENT'IAL, Pestilentia'lis, Pestilential- 
rius, Pestilentio'sus, Pestilen'tus, from pestis, 'a 
pest.' Relating to the plague. Pestilential dis- 
eases are those that bear some resemblance to the PESTILITAS 
plague, in respect to mode of propagation, symp- 
toms, danger, <fcc. 
PESTILITAS, Plague. 
PESTIS, Plague-p. Acutissima, Plague - p. 
Adeno-septica, Plague - p. Americana, Fever, 
yellow-p. Bellica, Typhus-p. Britannica, Sudor 
Anglicus - p. Bubonaria orientalis, Plague - p. 
Contagiosa, Plague - p. Glandulosa, Plague - p. 
Glossanthrax, Glossanthrax - p. Inguinaria, 
Plague-p. Intertropica, Fever, yellow-p. Occi- 
dentalis, Fever, yellow - p. Orientalis, Plague- 
p. Septica, Plague-p. Variolosa, Variola. 
PESTLE, Pilum-p. Spring, see Pilum. 
PET, Fart. 
PETALE, Phtheiriasis. 
PETASITES, Tussilago petasites - p. Hybri- 
da, Tussilago petasites-p. Officinalis, Tussilago 
petasites-p. Vulgaris, Tussilago petasites. 
PETAURUM. A seat suspended by ropes, in 
which a person taking the exercise sat, and was 
tossed about by assistants.-Juvenal and Martial. 
PETE'CHIJE, Petic'ido, Pestich'io, Pestic"io, 
Punctic'ulo, Pur'pura malig'na, Por'phyra Grae- 
co'rum. Small spots, similar in shape and colour 
to flea-bites, which occur spontaneously upon the 
skin, in the course of severe fevers, <fcc. They 
are, under such circumstances, signs of great 
prostration. 
PetechijE sine Febre, Purpura simplex. 
PETECHIAL SCURVY, Purpura simplex. 
PETECIIIANOSIS, Purpura haemorrhagica. 
PET'ELA TRIFOLIA'TA, Shrubby Tre'foil, 
Swamp dogwood, Stinking Pra'irie Bush, Stink- 
ing ash, Wing-seed. A tall indigenous shrub- 
family, Xanthoxylacere-which flowers in June. 
It has been used as a tonic and antiperiodic. 
PETER'S PILLS, Pilulaj Aloes et Cambogiae 
- p. Worm lozenges, see Worm lozenges, Sher- 
man's. 
PETICULJE, Petechise. 
PETIGO, Impetigo. 
PETINA, Sole. 
PETIOLUS, Pediolus, diminutive of pee, ' a 
foot. A footstalk or leafstalk of a plant. A 
petiole. 
Petiolus Epiglottidis. The root of the epi- 
glottis. 
Petiolus Mallei, Manubrium mallei. 
PETIT COURIER, Influenza-p. La.it, Serum 
lactis-p. Lait d' Hoffmann, Serum lactis Hoff- 
manni-p. Mai, see Epilepsy-p. Sus-maxillo- 
labial, Levator anguli oris. 
PETITE POSTE, Influenza. 
PETROLEUM, Petroleum. 
PETRJEUM, Solidago virgaurea. 
PETRAPIUM, Bubon Macedonicum. 
PETREOLE, Petroleum. 
PETREUX, (OS,) see Temporal bone. 
PETRO DEL PORCO, Bezoar of the Indian 
porcupine. 
PETROLE, Petroleum. 
PETRO'LEUM, Petrolo'um, Petroleum, Petroe 
oleum, Bitu'men Petroleum, Pisselo'um In'dicum, 
Rock Oil, Petroleum Barbaden'se, Barbadoes Tar, 
(F.) Petrole ou Petreole, from n-crpoj, 'rock,' and 
tbaiov, ' oil.' A bituminous substance of a fetid 
odour, and bitter, acrid taste. It is semi-liquid, 
tenacious, semi-transparent; of a reddish-brown 
colour ; insoluble in water and alcohol; combines 
with fixed and essential oils and sulphur; and is 
partially soluble in ether. The petroleum found 
at Gabian, near Beziers, in France, has been 
called Oleum Gabia' num, (F.) Huile de Gabian, 
Petroleum rubrum. 
PETRO-OCCIP'ITAL, Petro-occipitalis. Be- 
longing to the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone and to the occipital bone. 
660 
PEUCEDANUM 
Petro-Occipital Suture is formed by the 
junction of the petrous portion of the temporal to 
the occipital bone. It is a deep groove separa- 
ting the bones, which have between them a thin 
layer of cartilage. 
PETRO-SALPIN'GO-PIIARYNGEUS. A 
fleshy fasciculus, which extends from the sphe- 
noid bone, from the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone, and from the Eustachian tube to the 
upper part of the pharynx. See Constrictor. 
PETRO-SALPINGO- STAPHYLINUS, Cir- 
cuniflexus-p. Salpingo-staphylinus, Levator pa- 
lati-p. Staphylin, Levator palati. 
PETRO-SPHENOID'AL, Petro-sphenoida'lis. 
Belonging to the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone and to the sphenoid bone. 
Petro-Sphenoidal Suture; - a name given 
to the small suture which is formed by the ante- 
rior edge of the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone and the posterior edge of the sphenoid. 
Petroleum Barbadense, Petroleum. 
Petroleum Sulphura'tum, Bal'samum Sul- 
phuric Barbaden'se,-(Composed of petrol. Bar- 
bad. yZor. Sulph. has been used as a 
pectoral; and as a detergent to ulcers. It has 
been accounted antispasmodic and sudorific. 
Dose, gtt. x to xxx. Externally, it is used as a 
stimulant and discutient. 
PETROSAL, Petrous. 
PETROSELINUM, Apium petroselinum- p. 
Macedonicum, Bubon Macedonicum. 
PETROSUM, OS, see Temporal. 
PETROUS, Petro'sus, Petro'sal, from irerpof, 
' a stone.' Resembling stone; having the hard- 
ness of stone. 
Petrous Gan'glion, Petro'sal Ganglion, Gan- 
glion of Andersch, is formed by the glosso-pha- 
ryngeal nerve, shortly after it emerges from the 
jugular fossa. From this ganglion, M. Jacobson 
of Copenhagen traced an anastomosing loop 
through the cavity of the tympanum, which left 
branches there, and was thence reflected down- 
wards to join the Vidian nerve.- See Otic Gan- 
glion. This has been called the Nerve of Jacob- 
son, Tympan'ic branch of the glosso-pharyngeal, 
and the inosculation, Jacobson's Anastomo' sis. 
Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone, see 
Temporal Bone-p. Process, see Temporal Bone. 
Petrous Si'nuses, Petro'sal Sinuses, are two 
venous sinuses of the dura mater, connected with 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
distinguished on each side, into : - 1. The supe- 
rior petrosal sinus. It arises from the cavernous 
sinus ; follows the upper edge of the petrous por- 
tion which affords it a gutter; passes into the 
great circumference of the tentorium cerebelli, 
and opens into the lateral sinus where the latter 
experiences a bend near the base of the pars pe- 
trosa. Its form is triangular. 2. The inferior 
petrosal sinus arises from the cavernous sinus at 
the same point as the last, with which it commu- 
nicates at the moment of its origin. It descends 
between the inferior edge of the pars petrosa and 
the basilary process; and terminates in the late- 
ral sinus, at the sinus or gulf of the internal ju- 
gular vein. It is triangular, and broader at its 
extremities than at the middle. 
PETUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
PEUCE, Pinus sylvestris. 
PEUCEA BALSAMEA, see Pinus abies. 
PEUCEDANUM, P.officina'le,P.alsat'icum seu 
altis'simum seu panicula'tum seu terna'tum, Se- 
li'num peuced'anum, Mar'athrum sylves'tre, Mara- 
throphyl'lum, Pinastel'lum, Foenic' ulum porci' num, 
Bonus Ge'nius, Hog's Fennel, Snlphunoort, (F.) 
Queue de Pourceau, Fenouil de Pore. Family, 
Umbelliferae. Sex. Sy st. Pentandria Digynia. 
The root has a strong, fetid smell-somewhat re- PEUPLIER 
sembling that of sulphureous solutions-and an 
acrid, unctuous, bitterish taste. It has been re- 
commended as antihysteric and nervine. 
Peucedanum Alsaticum, Peucedanum-p. Al- 
tissimum,Peucedanum-p. Officinale, Peucedanum 
- p. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoselinum-p. 
Paniculatum, Peucedanum-p.Pratense, P. silaus. 
Peucedanum Silaus, P. praten'se, Ses'eli pra- 
ten'se, Slum sil'aiis, Ligus'ticum sil'aiis, Cnid'ium 
sil'aus, Saxifrages vulga'ris, S. An'glica, Hippo- 
mar' athrum, Foenic'ulum er'raticum, English or 
Meadow Sax'ifrage, (F.) Seseli des pres. The 
roots, leaves, and seeds have been recommended 
as aperients, diuretics, and carminatives. Rarelv 
used. 
Peucedanum Ternatum, Peucedanum. 
PEUPLIER NOIR, Populus. 
PEXIS, Concretion. 
PET 'ERI GLAN'DULjE,tr. Peyeria'na, Pey'- 
eri Plexus glandulo'si, Gland'ula muco'sa coag- 
mina'ta sen agminU'ta seu mucip'ara racema'tim 
conges't a intestino'rum, G. intestina'les seu plexi- 
for'mes seu spu'ria, Corpus'cula glandula'rum 
simil'ia seu Gland'nice in agmen cougrega'ta in- 
testino'rum, Enterade'nes, Peyer's Glands, Ag'mi- 
nated or aggregate glands. Small glands or fol- 
licles, situate beneath the villous coat of the in- 
testines. They are clustered together, having a 
honey-comb appearance-Plaques gau fries-and 
are extremely numerous. They occur most nu- 
merously, in the lower portion of the ileum. Their 
structure and functions are not well known. 
PEZA, Doric and Arcadian for rrovf, 'a 
foot.' The foot: according to some, the sole of the 
foot; and to others, the astragalus. The ankle. 
PEZI'ZA seu PEZE'ZA AURIC'ULA, Tre- 
mell'a auric'ula, Auricula Juda?., Auricula'ria 
sambu'ci seu sambu'cina, Exid'ia auric'ula Juda, 
Meru'lius auric'ula, Fungus sambu'cinus, Agar'i- 
cus Auric'ula forni't, Jew's Ear. This fungus is 
said to be astringent; but has chiefly been used 
as a gargle in relaxed sore throat. 
PFEFFERS or PFAFFERS, MINERAL 
WATERS OF, Therma Piperi'na, Th. faba'- 
ria. These springs, which are in the Swiss Alps, 
are simply thermal: temperature 100° of Fah- 
renheit. 
PIIACE, Ph a'cea, Phacus, ; a grain of 
the lentil, Ervum lens. Also, chloasma; the 
crystalline lens; and a flask for the application 
of heat, so called owing to its flattened lens-like 
shape. 
PHACELLUS, Fasciculus. 
PHACELUS, Fasciculus. 
PH AC HYM ENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
PHACI, Ephelides. 
PHA'CICUS, Phaco'tus, Phaco'des; from <paKn, 
'lens.' Lens-shaped, lenticular. 
PHACI'TIS, Phacdidei'tis, Lenti'tis, Crystal- 
li'tis, Gleni'tis, from cpaKo;, 'a lens,' and itis, a 
termination denoting inflammation. Inflamma- 
tion of the crystalline lens. Inflammation of the 
capsule of the lens is termed Capsi'tis, Capsuli'- 
tis, and Crystal'lino-capsuli'tis. 
PHACO'DES, Phacicus. 
PHACOHYMENI'TIS, Phalc omeni'tis, Phac- 
Iiyineni'tis, Inflamma'tio cap'sula lent is; from 
' a lens,' 'vyriv, ' a membrane,' and itis, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the cap- 
sule of the crystalline. 
PHACOIDEITIS, Phacitis. 
PHACOMALACIA, Cataract, soft. 
PHAC'OPIh, Phaco'tus ; from tyasn, 'lens.' 
and KOTnf, ' a knife ;' Scalpel'lum lenticula're. A 
lenticular-shaped knife. 
PHACOPS'IS, from tpaicri, 'lens,'and 'vi- 
661 
PHALANX 
- 
sion.' The state of one who has chloasma or 
freckles on the face. 
PHACOPTIS'ANA, Pha'cium; from 
' lens,' and irnaavn, ' drink.' A drink of lentils. 
A poultice of lentils. 
PHACOS, Ervum lens. 
PHACOSCOTOMA, Cataract. 
PHACOTUS, Phacicus, Phacopis. 
PHACUS, Phace. 
PHADARODES, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
PHADAROSIS, Trachoma tuberculosum. 
PHJSNIGMUS, Phenigmus. 
PHA5N0MEN0L0GIA, Semeiology. 
PHENOMENON, Phenomenon. 
PHAGENA, Boulimia. 
PHAGEDENA, Boulimia, Phagedenic ulcer- 
p. Sloughing of the mouth, Cancer aquaticus-p. 
Gangrenosa, Hospital gangrene. 
PHAGEDEN'IC, PhagedoB1nicus, Depas'cens, 
from </>ayu>, ' I eat.' 
Phagedenic Ulcer, Nome, Phageda'na, Ulcus 
depas'cens seu obam'bulans seu feri'num, is one 
which rapidly eats and corrodes the neighbouring 
parts. 
Phageden'ic, in Materia Medica, is a substance 
used for destroying fungous granulations in ul- 
cers, <tc. 
PHAKOHYMENITIS, Phacohymenitis. 
PHALACRA, Calvities. 
PHALACROMA, Calvities. 
PHALACROSIS, Calvities. 
PHALACROTIS, Alopecia. 
PHALENA PINGUINALIS, see Ectozoa. 
PHALAIA. A barbarous term, employed by 
Basil Valentine to designate a universal medicine 
or panacea. 
PHALAN'GAL, Phalan'gian, Phalangia'nus. 
Having relation to a phalanx. 
PHALANGARTHRPTIS, from 'a 
phalanx,' apdpov, 'a joint,' and itt«, denoting in- 
flammation. Gout in the fingers. Inflammation 
of the joints of the fingers. 
PHALANGE, Phalanx. 
PHALANGES DES DOIGTS, see Phalanx- 
p. of the Fingers, see Phalanx-p. des Orteils, 
see Phalanx - p. of the Toes, see Phalanx. 
PHALANGETTES, see Phalanx. 
PHALANGETTIEN. Professor Chaussier 
uses this term for any thing relating to the third 
phalanx of the fingers or toes, - Phalangien, for 
what relates to the first, - and Phalanginien, to 
the second. 
PHALANGIAN, Phalangal. 
P HALANGIEN, see Phodangettien. 
PHALANGINES, see Phalanx. 
PHALANGINIEN, see Phalangettien. 
PHALANGIUM ESCULENTUM, Scilla es- 
culenta. 
PHALANGO'SIS, Hispid'itas, from QaXayl;, 
' a row of soldiers.' An affection of the eyelids 
in which the lashes are arranged in two or three 
rows. See Trichiasis. Also, dropping of the 
upper eyelid, from paralysis of the levator palpe- 
brae superioris muscle. 
PHALANX, Phalan'ge, Phalang o'ma. Same 
etymon. A name given to the small bones which 
form the fingers and toes, because placed along- 
side each other like a phalanx. They are distin- 
guished into the Phalanges of the fingers, Ossa 
seu Ag'mina seu A'cies seu Artic'uli seu Scutic'- 
vla seu Scu'tulcB seu Nodi seu Interno'd ia seu 
Scytal'ides seu Con'dyli Digito'rum Hands; and 
the Phalanges of the Toes, Ossa seu Artic'uli seu 
Interno'dia Digito'rum. Pedis. I. Phalanges of 
the fingers, (F.) Phalanges des doigts. They are, 
in each hand, fourteen,-three to each finger, and 
two to the thumb: and are situate one above the 
other. They are distinguished, numerically, reck- PHALARIS 
oning from the base towards the tip of the finger. 
1. The first or metacarpal, Procon'dyli, (F.) Pre- 
mieres phalanges ou Phalanges metacarpiennes. 
2. The second or middle phalanges, (F.) Secondes 
phalanges ou Phalanges moyennes, Phalangines, 
(Ch.) 3. The third phalanges, Metacon'dyli, Pha- 
lan'ges un'guium, (F.) Troisiimes phalanges ou 
Phalanges ungutales, unguiferes, unguinales, Pha- 
langettes (Ch.), which terminate each finger, and 
support the nail. IL Phalanges of the Toes, (F.) 
Phalanges des Orteils. They are the same in 
number as those of the fingers, but much smaller, 
and of a very different shape. 
The phalanges of a finger or toe are united 
with each other; and the first with the metacar- 
pal or metatarsal bone. They are developed 
from two points of ossification ; one for the supe- 
rior extremity, and the other for the body and 
inferior extremity. 
PIIAL'ARIS CANARIEN'SIS, P. ova'ta, Cul'- 
tivated Canary Grass, (F.) Alpiste. Family, Gra- 
mineae. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. The seed 
of this grass, Canary seed, (F.) Graines d'aspic, 
afford a nourishing meal. The ancients recom- 
mended them for allaying pains in the kidney 
and bladder. 
PIIALLAL'GIA, Phallodyn'ia, from 0aXXos, 
' the male organ/ and aX/o;, ' pain.' Pain in the 
male organ. 
PHALLANCYLOSIS, Chordee. 
PHALLI'TIS, Priapi'tis, from 0aXXoj, ' the 
male organ/ and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the male organ. 
PHALLOCAMPSIS, Chordee. 
PHALLOCARCINO'MA, from 0aXXof, 'the 
male organ/ and KapKiviopa, 'cancer.' Carcinoma 
or cancer of the penis. 
PHALLODYNIA, Phallalgia. 
PHALLON'CUS, from tpaXXos, 'the male or- 
gan/ and oykos, 'swelling.' Tumefaction of the 
male organ. 
PIIALLOPSOPH'IA, from $aXXoy, 'the male 
organ/ and ' a noise.' Discharge of wind 
from the male urethra. 
PHALLORRHAG"IA, from 0aXXo?, 'the male 
organ/ and pnyvvpi, ' I break out.' Hemorrhage 
from the male urethra. Stimatosis. 
PHALLORRHCEA, Gonorrhoea. 
PHALLORRHOIS'CHESIS, from 0aXXoS, 'the 
male organ/ por/, 'discharge/ and ' to with- 
hold.' Sudden arrest of a gonorrhoeal discharge. 
PHALLUS, Penis. 
PHANEROG'AMOUS, Phanerogam'ic, Phane- 
rogam' icus, from <j>irvcpos, ' evident/ and yapos, 
' marriage.' An epithet used by botanists for 
plants whose sexual organs are apparent. It is, 
consequently, the opposite to cryptogamous. 
PII ANT ASIA, Delirium, Imagination. 
PHANTASM, Phantas'ma, Phanto'ma, Phas- 
ma, from ' I make appear.' A phantom, 
false appearance, apparition. Hallucination. De- 
rangement of the sense of sight or of the intellec- 
tual faculties, causing objects to be perceived, 
which are not before the eyes. 
PHANTASMA, Pseudoblepsia. 
PIIANTASMATICUS, Phantasticus. 
PHANTASMATOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
PHANTASMOSCOPIA, Metamorphopsia. 
PHANTAS'TICUS, Inebriant. Creating phan- 
tasms-phantasmat'icus. 
PHANTOM, Fantom. 
PHANTOMA, Phantasma - p. Obstetricium, 
Fantom. 
PHARMACEIA, Poisoning. 
PHARMACEUM, Apotheca. 
662 
PHARMACY 
PHARMACEUS, Apothecary. 
PHARMACEUTA, Apothecary. 
PHARMACEU'TIC, Pharmaceu'ticus, from 
<[>appaKov, 'a medicine.' An epithet for every 
thing belonging to pharmacy. Thus, we say, 
Pharmaceutical preparations, <fcc. 
PHARMACEUTICS, Pharmacy. 
PHARMACEUTIST, Apothecary. 
PHARMACIEN, Apothecary. 
PIIARMACOCATAGRAPHOLOG"IA, Cata- 
grapholog"ia, Ars for'mulas concinnan'di, from 
</>appaKov, 'a medicine,' Kara, 'beneath,' ypaipri, 'a 
writing,'and Aoyos, 'a description.' The art of 
writing prescriptions. - J. J. Plenck. 
PHARMACOCHYMIA, Chymistry, pharma- 
ceutical. 
PHARMACODYNAMTCS, from .fiappaxor, 'a 
medicine,' and bvvapis, ' power.' Pharmacody- 
nam'ice, Dynam'ical Materia Medico, Pharmaco- 
dynam'ica doctri'na, Pharmacodynamiolog"ia. A 
division of pharmacology, which considers the 
effects and uses of medicines. 
PHARMACOD YNAMIOLOGIA, Pharmaco. 
dynamics. 
PHARMACOGNOS'IA, Aceognoe'ia, Acognos'- 
ia, from </>appaKov, 'a medicine,' and yvaxns, 'know- 
ledge.' A division of pharmacology, which treats 
of simples, or unprepared medicines. 
PHARMACOLOGIA, Materia medica. 
PHARMA COMA'NIA, from <pa opaKov, ' a me- 
dicine,' and pavia, 'mania.' One who has a ma- 
nia for prescribing or for taking medicine. 
PHARMACON, Poison. 
PIIA R M A C 0 P 03' I A, Pharmacopoe'a, (F.) 
Pharmaeopee, from (ftappaKov, 'a medicine,' and 
Trouw, ' I make.' A work, containing a collection 
of formulae for the preparation, <fcc., of medicines: 
generally published by authority. Formerly, a 
chemical laboratory, Laborato'rium chyni'icum 
seu pharmaceut'ieum. 
PHARMACOPCEUS, Apothecary, Druggist. 
PHARMACOPOLA, Apothecary, Druggist. 
PHARMAC0P0LE, Apothecary, Druggist. 
PHARMACOPOLI'UM, Apothe'ca, Offici'na, 
Taber'na Med'ica. The shop of the druggist or 
apothecary, from <(>appaKov, ' a medicine,' and 
rrwAtw, ' I sell.' 
PHARMACOPOS'IA, from ipappaicov, 'a medi- 
cine,' and rocrif, ' a potion.' A liquid medicine, 
especially one that is cathartic. 
PHARMACO'SA MEDICAMEN'TA, from 
ifiappaKov, 'a poison.' Medicines that contain 
poisonous substances.- Fallopius. 
PHARMACOTHE'CA, <pappaxo3>)Kn, from <pap- 
paKov, 'a medicine,' and rdhipt, 'I place.' A case 
for medicines. 
PHARMACOTHERAPI'A, from <f>appaKov, and 
Oepareia, ' treatment.' Cure of diseases by re- 
medies. 
PHARMACTER, Apothecary. 
PH A RM A CUM, Medicament, Poison-p. 
JEgyptiacum, JEgyptiacum-p. Amatorium, Phil- 
ter. 
Phar'macum ad Aures, jEgyp'tium Medica- 
men'tum ad Awes. A name given to a medicine, 
composed of bitter almonds, white pepper, saf- 
fron, myrrh, opium, frankincense, castor, verjuice, 
sulphate of iron, vinegar, pomegranate-bark, un- 
guentum nardinum, <fce. It was believed to be 
useful for cleansing fetid ulcers in the ears. 
PHARMACURGICUS, Apothecary. 
PHARMACURGUS, Apothecary. 
PHAR'MACY, Pharmaci'a, Pharmaceu' tice, 
Pharmax'is, from <l>appaKov, 'a medicine.' The 
art which teaches the knowledge, choice, preset- PHARMAXIS 
vation, preparation, and combination of medi- 
cines. It was formerly divided into Oalen'ical 
and Ohym'ic.al. The former, called after Galen, 
embraced the operations undertaken on medi- 
cines without chymistry;- the latter, Chymical 
Pharmacy or Pharmaeeu'tic Chymistry, Phanna- 
cochym'ia, comprised the preparation of medi- 
cines, founded on the chymical action of their 
principles. 
PHARMAXIS, Pharmacy. 
PHARNA'CEUM LINEA'RE. A South Afri- 
can plant, Nat. Ord. Paronychiaeeae, employed 
at the Cape in pulmonary affections. It is gene- 
rally given in infusion. 
PHARUS, Pharynx. 
PHARYGATHRON, Pharynx. 
PHARYGETIIRUM, Pharynx. 
PHARYNGJE'UM (SAL.), from pharynx. A 
compound of cream of tartar, nitrate of potassa, 
burnt alum, and distilled vinegar. It was for- 
merly employed, united with honey and plantain- 
water, to make gargles, which were advised in 
quinsy. , 
PHARYNGE, Pharyngeal. 
PHARYNGE'AL, Pharynga'us, (F.)Pharynge, 
Pharyngien. That which relates to the pharynx. 
A name given to the muscles, vessels, and nerves 
of the pharynx. 
Pharyngeal Arteries. These are two in 
number. The one-superior or pterygo-palatine, 
Ramus Pharynga'us supe'rior of Haller-arises 
from the internal maxillary at the base of the 
zygomatic fossa, passes through the pterygo- 
palatine canal, and proceeds to be distributed to 
the pharynx and the corresponding part of the 
Eustachian tube. The other - the inferioi 
Pharynga'a aseen'dens of Haller - arises from 
the external carotid, on a level with the facial. 
It ascends along the lateral and posterior part 
of the pharynx, and divides into two branches : 
the one - the pharyngeal, properly so called-is 
distributed to tjie pharynx; the other - the me- 
ningeal- gives its branches particularly to the 
dura mater. 
Pharyngeal Nerve. A branch sent by the 
pneumogastric to the pharynx. It descends be- 
hind the internal carotid; communicates with 
the glosso-pharyngeal; and divides, opposite the 
middle constrictor of the pharynx, into a great 
number of filaments, which anastomose, in a mul- 
titude of different directions, with filaments of the 
glosso-pharyngeal nerve, of the superior laryn- 
geal branch, and of the first cervical ganglion. 
These different nervous filaments united consti- 
tute the pharyngeal plexus, the irregular meshes 
of which send numerous ramifications to the 
pharynx. 
Pharyngeal Voice, see Voice. 
PHARYNGEMPHRAXIS, from papvrf, 'the 
pharynx,' and 'obstruction.' Obstruc- 
tion of the pharynx. 
PHARNGETHRON, Pharynx. 
PHARYNGEURYSMA, Pharyngocele. 
PHARYNGICUS, Pharyngeal. 
PHARYNGIEN, Pharyngeal. 
PHARYNGITE, Cynanche pharyngea-p. 
Tonsillaire, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
PHARYNGITIS, Cynanehe pharyngea.' 
Pharyngitis Apostemato'sa. Abscess of the 
pharynx. 
Pharyngi'tis, Dipiitherit'ic, Angi'na pseudo- 
tnembrana'cea, A. membrana' cea, A. pellicula'ris, 
A. plas'tica, A. diphtherit'ica, A. malig'na, A. 
pseudo-membrano'sa, A. pestilentia'lis, Pharyn- 
goc'ace, Pseudo-membranous Inflammation of the 
Throat, (F.) Angine coitenneuse, A. gutturale cou- 
enneuse, A. pseudo-membraneuse, A. plastigue, A. 
663 
PHARYNGOSPASMUS 
diplithtritique. Diphtheritic inflammation of the 
pharynx. See Cynanche maligna. 
Piiaryngi'tis, Follic'ular, Follicular In flam, 
motion 'if the Pharynx, Angi'na folliculo'sa of the 
Pharynx, Acne of the Throat. Inflammation and 
enlargement of the follicles of the pharynx, oc- 
casionally extending to the larynx. Sometimes 
termed Clergyman's Sorethroat, Tubercles of the 
Larynx and Fauces, and Tuber'eular Sorethroat. 
Pharyngi'tis, Gangrenous, Cynanche ma- 
ligna. 
PIIARYNGOCACE, Pharyngitis, diphtheritic. 
PHARYNGOCE'LE, Pharyngeurys'ma, Di- 
vertic'ulum seu Hernia seu Prolap'sue (Esoph'agi 
vel pharyn'gis, (Esoph' ague succenturia'tus, from 
0apuyf, 'the pharynx,' and Kt/Xn, ' a tumour.' An 
enlargement at the upper part of the gullet, in 
which the food sometimes rests in considerable 
quantity. 
PIIARYNGODYN'IA, from <t>apvy%, 'the pha- 
rynx,' and obvvn, 'pain.' Pain in the pharynx. 
PIIA RY N G 0 G L 0 S SAL, Glossopharyngeal, 
Pharyngoglossia'nus. That which belongs to the 
pharynx and tongue. 
Pharyngoglossal Nerve, Glossopharyngeal 
Nerve, Lingua'lis latera'lis, (F.) Nerf Glossopha- 
ryngien, Pharyngoglossien - a portion of the 
eighth pair-arises from the superior and lateral 
parts of the spinal marrow, between the facial 
and pneumogastric nerves, by several filaments, 
which soon unite into a single cord, that passes 
out of the cranium by the foramen lacerum ante- 
rius; goes downwards and forwards, and gains 
the posterior and inferior part of the tongue. 
Immediately after its exit from the cranium, it 
gives a branch to the meatus auditorius externus, 
and receives a filament from the facial, and 
another from the pneumogastric nerve. It then 
furnishes two other filaments, which descend 
upon the carotid artery, and unite at the bottom 
of the neck with branches from the cervical gan- 
glions and cardiac nerves, and give two filaments 
to the stylo-pharyngeus muscle. The glossopha- 
ryngeus, after sending a twig or two to the tonsil, 
to the upper part of the pharynx and membrane 
of the epiglottis, divides into many branches, 
which run partly to the margin, and partly to the 
middle of the root of the tongue; supplying, 
especially, the papillae majores, and the parts in 
their neighbourhood. 
By some, this nerve is regarded as the controller 
of the associated motions of the tongue and pha- 
rynx. By others, it is esteemed to be the special 
nerve of gustation. 
PHARYNGOG' RAPHY, Pharyngogra'phia, 
from tpapvyl;, 'the pharynx,' and ypa<pn, 'a de- 
scription.' An anatomical description of the 
pharynx. 
PIIARYNGOL' OGY, Pharyngolog" ia, from 
'the pharynx,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' 
The part of anatomy which treats of the pharynx. 
PIIARYNGOLYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
PHARYNGO PARALYSIS, Pharyngoplegia. 
PHARYNGOPLE'GIA, from 0apuy£, 'the pha- 
rynx,' and rrXz/ffcrw, ' I strike.' Dyspha'gia para- 
lyt'ica, D. tor'pida, D. aton'ica, Angi'na paralyt'- 
iea, Astheni'a Deglutitio'nis, Pharyngol'ysis, Pha- 
ryngoparal' ysis Par al' ysis CEsogph'agi, Gulat 
Imbecil'litas. Paralysis of the pharynx or oeso- 
phagus : commonly a symptom of general para- 
lysis, or of approaching dissolution. 
PIIARYNGORRIIAG"IA; from Qapvrf, 'the 
pharynx,'and payn, 'rupture.' Hemorrhage from 
the vessels of the pharynx. 
PIIARYNGOSPAS'MUS; from 0apvy<, 'the 
pharynx,'and anacyos, 'spasm.' Spasm orcramp 
of the pharynx. PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS 
PHARYNGOSTAPHYLINUS, Palato-pba- 
ryngeus. 
PHAUYNGOTOME, Pharyngot'omua, from 
'the pharynx/ and repvw, 'I cut/ An 
instrument, invented by J. L. Petit, used to 
scarify inflamed tonsils, and to open abscesses, 
which form in the parietes of the pharynx. It 
is composed of a long, narrow blade with a lancet 
point, enclosed in a sheath or canula of silver 
slightly curved. This instrument is carried to 
the part to be cut, and the point of the blade is 
made to pass out of the sheath, by pressing on a 
button at the end of the pharyngotome. A spring 
causes the blade to re-enter as soon as the pressure 
is removed. 
PHARYNGOT'OMY, Pharyngotom'ia; same 
etymon. Some authors have used this word 
synonymously with oesophagotomy.. It means, 
also, scarification of the tonsils, or an incision, 
made for opening abscesses there, <tc. 
PHARYNX, Pharyx, Pharua, Gula, Lcsmoa, 
Faucet, Pharyg'ethrum, Pharyn'gethron, Pha- 
ryn'gethros, Pharygathron, Inthmos, lath'mion, 
Inglu'viea, Princip'ium Gules, Oa poa'terum, (F.) 
Arriere-bouche, Goaier. A species of musculo- 
membranous, symmetrical canal, on the median 
line, irregularly funnel-shaped, and situate be- 
tween the base of the cranium and the oesophagus, 
in front of the vertebral column. It is very nar- 
row above; but dilates in the middle, and again 
contracts below, at its junction with the oesopha- 
gus. Into the anterior paries of the pharynx 
open, successively, from above to below, - the 
posterior orifices of the nasal fossae; the Eusta- 
chian tubes ; the posterior aperture of the mouth, 
and the top of the larynx. The pharynx is 
formed, externally, of a muscular coat, and, in- 
ternally, of a mucous membrane, which is con- 
tinuous, above, with the Schneiderian membrane; 
and in the middle, with that of the mouth; be- 
low, with that of the oesophagus; and, at the 
sides, with that of the Eustachian tubes. This 
membrane has no villi, and presents only a few 
inequalities, which are owing to the presence of 
muciparous follicles. The muscular coat of the 
pharynx is composed of the constrictor muscles, 
Btylopharyngei, and pharyngostaphylini. The 
vessels and nerves are called pharyngeal. The 
pharynx serves as a common origin for the di- 
gestive and respiratory passages. It gives passage 
to the air, during respiration; and to the food at 
the time of deglutition. 
Pharynx, Follicular Inflammation of the, 
Pharyngitis, follicular. 
PHARYX, Pharynx. 
PHASELUS, Phaseolus. 
PHASE'OLUS, P. Vulga'ria, Phaai'olua, Pha- 
se'lua, Faae'lua, Faae'olua, Bona, Boona, Faba ; 
the Kidney Bean; the French Bean, (F.) Haricot. 
Family, Leguminosse. Sex. Sy at. Diadelphia De- 
candria. When young and well boiled, this is 
easy of digestion, and delicately flavoured. It is 
less flatulent than the pea. 
Phaseolus Creticus, Cajan, Cayan. A de- 
coction of the leaves, according to Ray, restrains 
the hemorrhoidal flux when excessive. 
Phaseolus Vulgaris, Phaseolus. 
PIIASIA'NUS GALLUS, so called from the 
river 'Pacts, in Colchis, near the Black Sea : (F.) 
Cog. The parts of generation of the cock, dried 
and pulverized, were formerly regarded as proper 
for increasing the quantity of semen. The fat 
was used as emollient and resolvent; the brain, 
in diarrhoea: the gall, in freckles and diseases of 
the eyes. These phantasies are now abandoned. 
PIIASIOLUS, Phaseolus. 
PHASMA, Phantasm. 
PHATNE, Alveolus. 
664 
PHIMO'SIS 
PIIATNION, Alveolus. 
PIIATNORRHAG" IA, Stomatorrhag"ia al- 
veolo'rum, from tparvtov, 'an alveolus/ and pnyvvpi, 
'I break forth.' Hemorrhage from the alveoli. 
PHAUSIN'GES, tpavaiyyts, plural of ifiavaiyZ, 
from <pavi,u>, ' I roast.' Spots or blisters on the 
legs, produced by heat; and, in a more extensive 
signification, by any other cause. Also, a pus- 
tule.- Foesius. 
PHELL ANDRE, Phellandrium aquaticum. 
PHELLAN'DRIUM AQUAT'ICUM, Phellan- 
drium, (Enan'the phellan'drivm seu aquat'iea, Li- 
gus'ticum phellan' driwn, Foenic'ulum aquat'icum, 
Cicuta'ria aquatica, Water Fennel, Fine-leaved 
Water Hemlock, (F.) Phellandre, Fenouil d'eau, 
Cigue d'eau. Family, 'Umbelliferaj. Sex. Sy st. 
Pentandria Digynia. This plant is stimulant and 
narcotie. It has been used in intermittents and 
dyspepsia. It has, also, been given in phthisis pul- 
monalis, and in cases of scrofulous atonic ulcers. 
PHENIG'MUS,Phcenig'mue, Pheenig'mue, from 
(jtoivdi, 'red.' Red Jaundice. A cutaneous affec- 
tion, consisting of redness diffused over the skin, 
without fever. Sauvages makes it a genus of his 
order Icteritice. Also, the act of irritating a part 
by a stimulating application. 
PHENOMENE, Phenomenon. 
PHENOM'ENON, Phanom'enon, (F.) Phlno- 
mine, from 0u<voga<, ' I appear. An extraordi- 
nary' and unexpected event. In Medicine, it 
means any change, appreciable by our senses, 
which supervenes in an organ or function: - as 
the phenomena of the circulation, respiration, Ac. 
It is used in pathology, synonymously with 
symptom. 
PHEUGOPHOBIA, Hydrophobia. 
PHEUGYDRON, Hydrophobia. 
PHI'ALA, A Phial or Vial, (F.) Fiole. A 
small bottle, in which apothecaries are in the 
habit of sending out their mixtures, draughts, 
Ac.: hence called Med'icine Vials, (F.) Fioles <i 
Medecine. They are usually sold in grosses, and 
assorted into vials of oz. 8; oz. 4; oz. 3; oz. 2; 
oz. : oz. 1; and oz. %. 
PHILADYNAMICA, Debilitants. 
PHILANTHROPES, Galium aparine. 
PHILETP.ON, Philter. 
PHILETRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
PIIILIATROS, <j>i\iarpos, from 'I love,' 
and larpiKn, ' medicine.' An amateur of medicine. 
One who studies medicine; Studio'eus medici'na. 
PHILOBIO'SIS, (F.) Philobioeie: from <fn\eo>, 
' I love,' and flios, ' life.' The love of life. 
PHILCE'NIA, from tpiXeu, 'I love,'and oivof, 
'wine.' Love of wine. Addiction to wine. 
PHILOGYNIA, Muliebrositas. 
PHILONIUM LONDINENSE. Confectio opii. 
PHILOPATRIDALGIA, Nostalgia. 
PHTLOPATRIDOMANIA, Nostalgia. 
PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, see Alchymy. 
PHILOSOPHIA CORPORIS VIVI, Physi- 
ology- p. Hermetica, Alchymy - p. per Ignem, 
Chymistry. 
PHILTER, from 'I love.' Philtrum, 
Phil'etron, Phar'macum vel Poc'ulum amato'rium, 
Amato'rium venefic"ium, (F.) Philtre. A medi- 
cine or drink considered capable of causing love. 
PHILTRUM, Lacuna labii superioris. 
PH I LYRA, Tilia. 
PHIMA, Phyma. 
PHIMOS, Capistrum. 
PIIIMO'SICUS. Relating to Phimosis. 
Sauvages calls Ischu'ria phimo'sica, Isehu'ria 
urethra'lie <1 phiino'si, the retention of urine which 
depends upon phimosis. 
PHIMO'SIS, Phy mo'sis, Capistra'tio, Epago'- 
gium, Ligatu'ra glandit, Strictu'ra prapu'tii, PHLASMA 
Reduc'tio preepu'tii impedi'ta, from 0i/jow, ' I bind 
up.' A disease which consists in a preternatural 
narrowness of the opening of the prepuce, so 
that it cannot be carried behind the corona glan- 
dis. This affection is most commonly congenital. 
Sometimes it is accidental, and dependent upon 
tumefaction of the glans, or of the prepuce, as 
occurs in syphilis. To remedy this state, the 
prepuce may be divided by means of a bistoury 
and director; or circumcision may be practised. 
Phimosis Adnata seu Congenita sen Pueri- 
Lis, Congenital phimosis-p. Circumligata, Para- 
phimosis-p. Congenita, P. adnata. 
Phimo'sis (Edemato'des, Hydropliimo'sis. Phi- 
mosis with cedeinatous swelling of the prepuce. 
Phimosis Puerilis, Ph. adnata. 
PHLASMA, Contusion. 
PHLEBARTERIODIALYSIS, see Aneurism. 
PHLEBECTA'SIA, Phlebec'tasis, from <j>Xeip, 
' a vein,' and iKraais, ' dilatation.' Dilatation of 
a vein, or of a portion of a vein.-Alibert. 
P H L E B ECT I ARCTIE. A mongrel term, 
from <pXc\p, 'a vein,' and arcto, ' I contract.' Con- 
traction of a vein. 
PHLEBES, (Arteries.) See Artery. 
PHLEBEURYSMA, Varix. 
PHLEB'ION, diminutive of <pXe.ip, 'a vein.' A 
vein.-Hippocrates. A small vein,- Ve'nula. 
PHLEBIS'MUS; from <pXi\p, <pXtflis, 'a vein.' 
A term employed by Dr. Marshall Hall for the 
turgescence of veins, produced by impeded re- 
turn of the blood. See Trachelismus. 
PHLEBI'TIS, Inflamma'tio vena'rum, (F.) In- 
flammation des veines, from cpXexp, ' a vein,' and 
itis, the termination for inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the inner membrane of a vein, which 
sometimes follows blood-letting, and extends from 
the small wound made in that operation to the 
neighbouring parts of the venous system. The 
symptoms are, first, inflammation in the punc- 
tured part; and, afterwards, a knotty, tense, 
painful cord, following the direction of the vessel, 
and accompanied with more or less fever, accord- 
ing to the extent of the inflammation, the nervous 
symptoms. <tc. Phlebitis, also, sometimes super- 
venes on the ligature or excision of varices : after 
amputation, gun-shot wounds, delivery (Uterine 
Phlebitis, Metro-phlebi'tis puerpera'lis, Phlebi'tis 
uteri'na, Mctri'tis veno'sa), the ligature of the 
umbilical cord, <fcc. It may terminate by reso- 
lution, suppuration, ulceration, or gangrene. 
Phlebitis, Crural, Phlegmatia dolens - p. 
IJterina, see Peritonitis, and Phlebitis. 
PIILEBOG' RAPHY, Phlebogra'phia, from 
' a vein,' and ypa0>?, ' a description.' A 
description of the veins. 
PIILEB'OLITE, Phlebol'ithus, Veinstone, from 
'a vein,' and XiOos, 'a stone.' A loose con- 
cretion, varying in size from that of a currant to 
that of a pea, occasionally found in the veins. 
It would seem to be formed in the blood. 
PHLEBOLITHUS, Phlebolite. 
PHLEBOL'OGY, Phlebolog"ia, from 'a 
vein,' and Xoyos, 'a discourse.' The part of ana- 
tomy which treats of the veins. 
PHLEBOPA'LIA, from 'a vein,' and 
naXXw, ' I palpitate.' With the ancients, pulsa- 
tion, which they conceived to be produced by the 
veins. See Pulsus venarum. 
PHLEBOPHTHALMOTOM'IA, Ophthalmo- 
phlebotom'ia, from <pXcxp, 'a vein,' oQSaXyos, ' the 
eye,' and rcpvai, ' I cut.' Blood-letting in the eye. 
PHLEBOPLERO'SIS ECPHRACTICA, In- 
flammation. 
PHLEBORRHAG"IA, from <f,Xc\p, 'a vein,' 
and pnyvvui, ' I break out.' Rupture of the veins; 
665 
> PHLEGMATIA 
and, in a more extensive sense, venous hemor- 
rhage. 
PHLEBORRHEX'IS, from ' a vein,' and 
pn(is, 'rupture.' Rupture of a vein. Also, he- 
morrhage from a vein, Phleborrhag" ia. 
PHLEBOSTENO'SIS; from 'a vein,' 
and arcviiiaif, ' contraction.' Constriction or con- 
traction of a vein. 
PHLEBOT'OMIST, from 'a vein,' and 
rtpvoi, 'I cut.' A bleeder. One who practises 
particularly the art of phlebotomy. See Blood- 
letting. 
PHLEBOTOMUM, Fleam. 
PHLEBOTOMY, see Blood-letting. 
PHLEBS, Vein. 
PIILEDONIA, Delirium. 
PHLEGM, Phlegma, Pitui'ta, Pit'uite, Mucus, 
(F.) Pituite. One of the four natural humours 
of the ancients, which, according to them, was 
cold and moist, as atrabilis was cold and dry. It 
predominated, especially, in winter. 
Pituita was afterwards applied to every aque- 
ous or excrementitious humour, such as the sa- 
liva, nasal and intestinal mucus, serum, <tc. 
The terms phlegm and pituita are no longer used 
in physiology,-the different humours having re- 
ceived particular names; but the vulgar still use 
phlegm to designate a stringy mucus, expecto- 
rated, or rejected by vomiting. The ancient 
chymists gave the name 'phlegm' to aqueous, 
insipid, and inodorous products obtained by sub- 
jecting moist vegetable matters to the action of 
heat. 
PHLEGMA NARIUM CRASSUM, Nasal mu- 
cus-p. Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid (very dilute.) 
PHLEG'MAGOGUE, Phlegmago'gus ; from 
0Xrypa, 'phlegm,' and ayo>, 'I expel.' A medi- 
cine, formerly believed capable of "cutting" or 
removing phlegm. 
PHLEGMAPTRA, Fever adeno-meningeal. 
PHLEGMASIA, Inflammation, Phlegmon-p. 
Adenosa, Adenitis-p. Alba dolens puerperarum, 
Ph. dolens - p. Cellularis, Induration of the cel- 
lular tissue-p. Glandulosa, Adenitis-p. Myoica, 
Myositis - p. of the Peritoneum, Peritonitis. 
PHLEGMA'TIA, from <j>\tyga, 'phlegm. 
(Edema, Anasarca, Hydrops. 
Phlegma'tia Dolens, P. lac'tea, P. dolens 
puerpera'rum, P. alba dolens puerpera' rum, Leu- 
cophlegmasia dolenspuerperarum, Scelon'eus, Sce- 
lal'gia puerpera'rum, Anasar'ca sero'sa, Ecphy'- 
ma (edemat'icum, Spargano'sis puerperarum, Ec- 
chymo'ma lymphat'icum, Is'chias a spargauo'si, 
(Ede'ma puerperarum, (Ed. lacteum, Infarc'tus 
lac'tei extremita'tum, Metas'tasis lactis, Hysteral'- 
gia galac'tica, Hydrophlegma' sia textus cellulo'si, 
Crural Phlebi'tis, White leg, Swelled leg, Milk 
leg, White swelling of lying in women, (F.) 
(Edime des nouvelles accouche.es, CEdeme duuleu- 
reux des femmes en couche, Depot laiteux sur la 
cuisse, CEdeme actif des nouvelles accouchees, En- 
sure ou Engorgement des jambes et des cuisses de 
la femme accouchee, E. laiteux des membres abdo- 
minaux. It occurs, for the most part, in the se- 
cond or third week after delivery :-is limited to 
the lower extremity, and chiefly to one side; ex- 
hibiting to the touch a feeling of numerous irre- 
gular prominences under the skin. It is hot, 
white, and unyielding; and is accompanied, 
sooner or later, with febrile excitement. After a 
few days, the heat, hardness, and sensibility di- 
minish, and the limb remains oedematous for a 
longer or shorter period. The disease frequently, 
if not generally, consists in the obstruction of the 
iliac or other veins. Owing to the pressure of 
the gravid uterus - the flow of blood being ob- 
structed-the serous part of it is thrown out into PHLEGMATIC 
the cellular membrane of the limb. Sometimes 
the vein is found completely obliterated. 
The treatment consists in the use of antiphlo- 
gistics : - the application of leeches or cupping- 
glasses near the groin : fomentations to the limb, 
<fcc.; and, when the active state has subsided, the 
use of a roller, applied gently at first, but, after- 
wards, gradually tightened. 
Phlegmatia Lactea, P. dolens. 
PHLEGMATIC, see Empresma-p. Membra- 
nosse et parenchymatosae, Empresma. 
PHLEGMATOPYRA, Fever, adeno-menin- 
geal. 
PHLEGMATORRIIAG"IA, PhlegmatorrhoP a, 
Catarrh, from <pXiyia, ' phlegm,' and p£w, ' I flow.' 
Stahl and his partisans gave this name to a co- 
pious secretion, by the nostrils, of a limpid and 
thin mucus, without inflammation. It is the 
Cory'za Phlegmatorrhag"ia of Sauvages. See 
Coryza. 
PHLEGMHYMENITIS, Phlegmymenitis. 
PHLEGMON, from tyXtyw, 'I burn.' Phlogo'- 
tin phleg'mone, Phleg'mone, Phlegma'gia, Incen'- 
dium, Injlamma'tio. Inflammation of the areolar 
texture accompanied with redness, circumscribed 
swelling, increased heat and pain; which is, at 
first, tensive and lancinating; afterwards, pulsa- 
tory and heavy. It is apt to terminate in suppu- 
ration. It requires the antiphlogistic treatment, 
until suppuration seems inevitable, when the sup- 
puration must be encouraged as the next favour- 
able termination to resolution. 
PHLEGMON PERINE PURE TIQUE, Pe- 
riphrenitis. 
PHLEGMONE, Inflammation - p. Mammae, 
Mastodynia apostematosa-p. Mastodynia, Mas- 
todynia apostematosa - p. Parotidaea, Parotis - 
p. Peritonaei, Peritonitis-p. Parulis, Parulis-p. 
Musculorum, Myositis-p. Ventriculi, Gastritis. 
PHLEGMONODES, Phlegmonous. 
PHLEGMONOID, Phlegmonous. 
PHLEG'MONOUS, Phlegmono'des, Phleg'mo- 
noid, from <l>Xey/iovr), 'a phlegmon,' and eiios, 're- 
semblance.' That which relates or belongs to 
or resembles phlegmon. 
Phlegmonous Inflammation is the active in- 
flammation of the areolar membrane; in contra- 
distinction to erysipelatous inflammation, or that 
of the skin. 
PIILEGMOPY'RA, Fever, adeno-meningeal. 
PIILEGMORRHAGIA, Blennorrhoea. 
PHLEGMORRHAGIE PULMONAIRE, 
Bronchorrhcea. 
PHLEGMORRHtEA, Blennorrhoea. 
PHLEGMYMENI'TIS,PWe</mAymenj'tis,from 
(fiXcyn a, ' phlegm,' 'vpr/v, 'a membrane,' and itig, 
the termination for inflammation. Inflammation 
of a mucous membrane. 
Phlegmymenitis Enterica, see Enteritis. 
PHLEPS, Vein. 
PHLOGIA, Inflammation. 
PHLOGICUS, Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTIC, Inflammatory. 
PHLOGISTICI, Empresma. 
PHLOGISTON, Hydrogen. 
PHLOGMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
PHLOGO'DES, from <pXo£, 'flame,' and edos, 
'resemblance.' Infla'med, Inflamma'tue, Inflam- 
mato'riue, Inflammatory. An epithet employed 
particularly to express the red colour of the face. 
PHLOGOPYRUS, Synocha. 
PHLOGOSED, Inflamed. 
PHLOGO'SIS, Incen' diwn, Inflanxma'tion. 
Some writers use this word exclusively for exter- 
nal inflammation - phlegmon; others, for that 
which is superficial or erysipelatous. 
666 
PHONONOSI 
PIILOGOT'ICA, Inflammations. The second 
order in the class Hamatica of Good. 
P1ILOIOS, Cortex. 
PHLOMUS, Verbascum thapsus. 
PHLOOS, Cortex. 
PHLOR'IDZINE, Phloridzi'ha, Phloridzin, 
from <p\oos, 'inner bark,' and p<£a, 'root.' The 
bitter or active principle of the root and trunk of 
the apple, pear, cherry, and plum tree. It is de- 
posited from the decoction on cooling; crystal- 
lizes in silky spicula of a dead white colour, when 
in masses, or in long slender prisms or tables, 
when crystallized with care. 1000 parts of water, 
at a temperature of from 32° to 71°, only dissolve 
about one part; but at from 70° to 212°, it is 
dissolved in all proportions. It is very soluble 
in pure alcohol, but only slightly so in ether; 
s. g. 1.429. It has been administered success- 
fully in intermittents,-10 to 20 grains being ge- 
nerally required to arrest the paroxysm. It may 
be given either in the form of pill or powder. 
PHLOUS, Cortex. 
PHLOX, Verbascum thapsus. 
PHLYCTE'NA, Phlycta'nit, Phlyctis, Phly- 
za'cion, Ampulla, Holophlye'tidee, Phlyc'tides, 
Phlysis, from 'I boil.' Tumours formed 
by the accumulation of a serous fluid under the 
epidermis. 
PHLYCTENULA, see Hydatid. 
PIILYC'TENOID, Phlyctendi'des. Resem- 
bling phlyctaenae. An epithet for a variety of 
herpes. 
PHLYCTEN'ULAR, same etymon as Phlyc- 
taena. Of or belonging to phlyctmnula,-as phlyc- 
tenular ophthalmia, inflammation of the eye, ac- 
companied with phlyctasnulae on the cornea. 
PHLYCTIDES, Phlyctaena. 
PHLYCTID'IUM, same etymon. A circular 
or annular spot of inflammation of the corium, 
encircled by a red ring or zone, within which 
suppuration takes place. The genuine small-pox 
pustule, and that produced by the application of 
tartar emetic ointment, are examples of it. 
PHLYCTIS, Phlyctsena. 
PHLYSIS, from ' I am hot,' ' I boil.' A 
cutaneous eruption. An ulcerative, subcutaneous 
tumour: flat, tensive, glabrous; diffused, hot, 
throbbing; at length fluctuating, with an acrid 
ichor. - Good. 
Phlysis, Phlyctaena - p. Ecthyma, Ecthyma 
- p. Impetigo, Impetigo-p. Porrigo, Porrigo - 
p. Scabies, Psora. 
PHLYZACIA, Ecthyma. 
PHLYZACION, Phlyctaena. 
PHOBODIPSON, Hydrophobia. 
PHOCOM'ELES, from 'a seal,' and 
yt\os, ' a limb.' A genus of monsters, in which 
the limbs are shortened; the hands and feet ap- 
pearing to exist alone, and to be inserted imme- 
ately on the trunk, as in the seals and the her- 
bivorous cetacea.-J. G. St. Hilaire. 
PIHENICISMUS, Rubeola. 
PIKENIGMUS, Phenigmus - p. Petechialis, 
Purpura simplex. 
PHCENIX DACTYLIFERA, Date tree -p. 
Excelsa. Date tree. 
PHONA'TION, Phona'tio, from tfnavr), 'voice.' 
The physiology of the voice. 
PHONE, Voice. 
PHO'NICA, <)>uviKa, from <pwvr), 'voice.' The 
first order of the class Pneumatica, in Good's 
Nosology. Defined : diseases affecting the vocal 
avenues: - the passage of the voice impeded, or 
its power suppressed or depraved. 
PHONON'OSI, Phononu'si, from tyuvn, 'the 
voice,' and voo-oj, 'a disease.' Phonopathi'a, 
Morbi vocis. Diseases of the voice. PIIONOPATHIA 
PIIONOPATHIA, Phononosi. 
PHORA, Gestation. 
PHORBE, Pabulum. 
PHORONOM'IA, from <)>opt:opai, or Qepoiiai, 'I 
put myself in motion,' and topos, ' law.' The doc- 
trine of muscular motion. 
PHOROUS, from 0£pw, 'I carry.' A suffix de- 
noting conveyance. Hence, Galactophorous, Ac. 
PHOS, Light. 
PHOSPHAS CALCICUM STIBIATUM, An- 
timonial powder-p. Calcis stibiatus, Antimonial 
powder-p. Natricum, Soda, phosphate of. 
PHOSPHAT'IC, Phosphat'icus, from Phospho- 
rus. Relating to the phosphates; hence the 
Phosphat'ic Diath'esis is the habit of body which 
favours the deposition of the phosphates from the 
urine. 
PHOSPHENE, Photopsia. 
PHOSPHORE Phosphorus. 
PHOSPHORENESES. M. Baumes unites, 
under this generic name, diseases which he attri- 
butes to disordered phosphorization; i. e. to ex- 
cess or deficiency of calcareous phosphate or its 
decomposition. Amongst these affections he 
ranks rachitis, osteo-malacia, and gout. 
PHOSPHORES 'CENCE, Phosphorescen 'tia. 
The properties possessed by certain bodies of be- 
ing luminous in obscurity, or under particular 
circumstances. 
PHOS'PHORIC ACID, Ac"idum phosphor'- 
icum, (F.) Acide phosphorique. A solid, colour- 
less compound; highly sapid; very soluble in 
water, and vitrifiable by fire. It exists in bones 
combined with lime. It has been employed in 
medicine in the form of lemonade, in passive he- 
morrhage, typhus, phthisis, marasmus, Ac., and 
in injection in cases of cancer of the uterus. It 
does not seem preferable to other acids. 
PHOSPHORURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. 
PIIOS'PIIORUS, Phos'phorwm, Autophos'pho- 
rus, Ignis philosoph'icus, Lumen constant, from 
'light,' and tytpoi, 'I carry.' (F.) Phosphore. 
' A light carrier.' An elementary or undecom- 
posed substance ; not metallic ; solid; transparent 
or semitransparent; colourless; brilliant; flexible; 
of a sensible garlic odour; very inflammable, 
and susceptible of combining with the oxygen 
of the atmosphere, at even the ordinary tempera- 
ture. It does not exist pure in nature, but is 
found frequently united to other bodies. Its 
fumes in the manufacture of lucifer and congreve 
matches have caused, it is said, necrosis of the 
lower jaw-'phosphorus jaw disease.' 
Phosphorus has been used in medicine, dis- 
solved in ether or suspended in the yolk of egg, 
as a stimulant; but the greatest precautions are 
necessary in its administration : hence it is rarely 
employed. 
Phosphorus Jaw Disease, see Phosphorus. 
PIIOSPHURIA, Urine, phosphorescent. See 
Urine. 
PIIOTODAMPSIS, Refraction. 
PHOTOMA'NIA, from <pu>s, ' light,' and mania. 
Insane delirium induced by light. 
PHOTOPHO'BIA, from <f>o>s, tpnros, 'light,' and 
$o0of, 'fear.' Aversion to light: - intolerance 
of light. Nyctalopia. 
PITOTOPHOBICUS, Lucifimus. 
PHOTOPHOBOPHTHALMIA, Nyctalopia. 
PHOTOPHOBUS, Lucifugus. 
PHOTOP'SIA, Visus lu'cidus, from <f>o>s, 'light,' 
and wd, 'the eye.' (F.) Phosphene. A false 
perception of light, as of sparks, flashes of fire, 
Ac., occasioned by certain conditions of the retina 
and brain, and by pressure on the eyeball. When 
pressure does not induce the luminous appear- 
667 
PHRENO 
ance, the existence of amaurosis may be inferred. 
See Metamorphopsia. 
PHOTU'RIA, from <t>ws, 'light,' and ovpor, 
urine.' A luminous condition of the urine. 
PHRAGMOS, Qpaypos, from <ppaaa<i>, 'I en- 
close.' A row of teeth. 
PHRASIS, Voice, articulated. 
PIIRASUM, Marrubium. 
PHREN, <fipvv, ' the mind.' Also, the dia- 
phragm and scrobiculus cordis. 
PHRENAUX'E, Hypertroph'ia cer'ebri; from 
'the mind, the organ of mind,' and aufi?, 
' increase.' Hypertrophy of the brain. 
PHRENATROPII'IA, Atroph'ia cer'ebri; from 
$p>iv, 'the mind, the organ of mind,' a, priv., 
and rpotpr], 'nourishment.' Wasting or atrophy 
of the brain. 
PHRENES, Diaphragm. 
PHRENESIA, Pbrenitis. 
PHRENESIE, Phrenitis. 
PHRENESIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
PHRENETIASIS, Delirium, Phrenitis. 
PHRENETISMUS, Phrenitis. 
PHRENIC, Diaphragmatic. 
PHRE'NICA, from ipp-rjv, ' the mind.' Diseases 
affecting the intellect; characterized by error, 
perversion, or debility of one or more of the men- 
tal faculties, (Phrenopathi'a.) The first order of 
the class Neurotica of Good. Also, remedies that 
affect the mental faculties - Phren'ict. Pereira. 
PHRENICS, see Phrenica. 
PHRENICULA HYDROCEPHALICA, Hy- 
drocephalus internus. 
PHRENISMUS, Phrenitis. 
PHRENI'TIS, Phren'esis, Phrene'sia, Phre- 
neti'asis, Phrenis'mus, Phrenetis'mus, Cephali'tis, 
Cephalal'gia infiammato'ria, Karabitus (Arab.), 
Sibare, Sphacelis'mus cer'ebri, Empres' ma cepha- 
IVtie, Siri'asis, Seiri'asis, Sidera'tio, Infiamma'- 
tio phreni'tis, Encephali'tis, Cauma phreni'tis, 
Phrcnsy, Delirium, Brain Fever, (F.) Phrinesie, 
Inflammation du cerveau et du cervelet, from tpprjv, 
' the mind,' and itis, denoting inflammation. A 
disease characterized by violent pyrexia, pain in 
the head, redness of the face and eyes, intole- 
rance of light and sound, watchfulness, and de- 
lirium, either furious or muttering. Its causes 
are the same as those of other inflammations: 
sometimes, however, it is induced by a Coup de 
soleil; by inebriation; violent mental emotions, 
Ac. Some authors have given the name Phre- 
nitis and Meningitis to inflammation of the mem- 
branes of the brain ; and that of Cephalitis, En- 
cephalitis, or Cerebritis to inflammation of the 
substance of the brain ; but there are no pathog- 
nomic symptoms, which can lead us to refer the 
scat of the disease to either of those parts exclu- 
sively. Phrenitis is, of course, a very dangerous 
affection, from the importance of the organ con- 
cerned. The most active treatment must neces- 
sarily be pursued. Repeated bleeding; purging; 
the application of ice to the shaved head; a po- 
sition in which the head is raised; and the avoid- 
ing of irritation of every kind;--form the reme- 
dial means during the violent stage. After this 
has yielded, counter-irritants to the nape of the 
neck or to other parts of the body will be useful 
adjuvants. When the brain and meninges were 
affected only symptomatically, as in inflamma- 
tion of the diaphragm, the disease was formerly 
called Paraphrenitis. 
Hydrocephalus acutus is a variety of phrenitis. 
Phrenitis Caeentura, Coup-de-soleil-p. La- 
trans, Hydrophobia-p. Potatorum, Delirium tre- 
mens-p. Verminosa, Vercoquin. 
PHRENOLOGY, Craniology. 
PHRENO - M AG'NETISM, Phreno - mesmer- PHRENOPARALYSIS 
ism. A term applied to the condition of a mes- 
merized person, in which, when any cerebral or 
phrenological organ-so called-is touched, the 
functions of the organ are manifested. It has been 
established, that no such phenomena can be eli- 
cited in children, or in those who have never seen 
a phrenological cast or picture. 
PHRENOPARALYSIS, see Paralysis. 
PHRENOPATHIA, see Phrenica. 
Phrenopathi'a JEthe'rea. The aggregate 
of encephalic phenomena induced by the inhala- 
tion of ether. 
PHRENSY, Phrenitis. 
PHRICASMUS, Horripilation. 
PHRICE, Horripilation. 
PHRICIA, Horripilation. 
PHRICIASIS, Horripilation. 
PHRICO'DES (FEBRIS,) from 'a shi- 
vering Horrif'ica. A fever in which the chill 
is very intense and prolonged. 
PHRYAGMA, Shuddering. 
PHRYCTE, Colophonia. 
PHRYG"IUS (LAPIS.) An earthy matter, 
found in Phrygia and Cappadocia, and formerly 
employed as an astringent.- Gorraeus. 
PHTHARMA CALIGO, Caligo-p. Cataracta, 
Cataract-p. Glaucoma, Glaucoma. 
PHTHEIR, Pediculus. 
PHTHEIRE'MIA; from <j>9eip<i>, 'I corrupt,' 
and 'aipa, 'blood. A state in which the plastic 
powers of the blood are deteriorated. 
PHTHEIRI'ASIS, Phthiriasis, from <pSeip, 'a 
louse Morbus pediculo'sus, M. pediculo.'r is, Pru- 
ri'yo pedicula'ris, Pedicula'tio, Malts pedic'uli, 
Peta'le, Lousiness, Lousy disease, (F.) Maladie 
ptdiculaire, Phthiriase. A disease which con- 
sists in the excessive multiplication of lice on the 
human body, under conditions in which it does 
not ordinarily take place, and in spite of cleanli- 
ness. It has been asserted that the affection has 
often caused death. Simple and medicated baths 
have been recommended for its removal; lotions 
of the decoction or infusion of tobacco and staves- 
acre, mercurial frictions, <fcc. 
PHTHEIRIUM, Delphinium staphisagria. 
PHTHEIROCTONUM, Delphinium staphi- 
sagria. 
PHTHINAS, Phthisis. 
PHTHINODES, Phthisicus. 
PHTHlRIASE, Phtheiriasis. 
PIITHIRIASIS, Malis, Phtheiriasis. 
PHTHIRIUM SCABIEI, see Psora. 
PHTHIRIUS, Antiparasitic - p. Inguinalis, 
see Pediculus. 
PHTHIROCTO'NUS, Abortive. 
PIITHIROPORON, Autumn. 
PHTHISES: same etymon as Phthisis. In 
the classification of Fuchs, diseases attended with 
ulceration, hectic fever, and emaciation. 
PHTHISIC, Phthisis. 
PHTHISICAL, Phthisicus. 
PHTHIS'ICUS, Phthino'des, Phthis'ical, Tis'- 
ical, (F.) Poitrinaire ; same etymon as phthisis. 
Belonging to phthisis. Also, one labouring un- 
der phthisis. 
PIITHISIE, Phthisis pulmonalis-p. Calcu- 
leuse, Calculi, pulmonary, see Lithiasis pulmo- 
num-p. Carcinomateuse, Phthisis, cancerous-p. 
avec Melanose, Anthracosis pulmonum-p.Mesen- 
terique, Tabes mesenterica. 
PHTHISIOL'OGY, Phthisiolog''ia, from 
ais, and Xoyoj. A treatise on phthisis. 
PHTHISIOSIS, Tubercular consumption. 
PHTHISI-PNEUMONIA, Phthisis pulmo- 
nalis. 
PHTHISIS, Plithoe, Phthinas, Tabes, Te'ce- 
don, Consumption, Decline, Phthis'ic, Tis'ic; from 
668 
PHTHISIS 
- 
<pSiu>, 'I dry, I fade.' This word, taken in a ge- 
neral sense, means progressive emaciation of 
every part of the body. It is usually, however, 
restricted to phthisis pulmonalis. 
Phthisis, Black, see Anthracosis. 
Phthisis, Bron'chial, Phthisis bronchia'lis. 
Phthisis occasioned by the pressure of enlarged 
tuberculous bronchial glands, which, not unfre- 
quently, communicate with caverns in the lungs, 
or with the bronchia. 
Phthisis Calcitlosa, Lithiasis pulmonum. 
Phthisis, Can'cerous, Seirrhus, Carcinoma et 
Fungus Pulmo'num, Med'ullary or Enceph'aloid 
Tumour of the Lung, (F.) Cancer du Poulson, 
Cancer of the lung, which gives rise to carci- 
nomatous phthisis, (F.) Phthisie carcinomateuse, 
of Bayle. 
Phthisis Consummata, see Ph. pulmonalis-p. 
Dorsalis, Tabes Dorsalis - p. Dyspeptic, see 
Phthisis - p. Exulcerata, Ph. pulmonalis - p. 
Hepatica, Hepato-phthisis-p. Ischiadica, Ischio- 
phthisis. 
Phthisis Larynge'a, Chronic Laryngi'tis, La- 
ryngi'tis et Trachei'tis chron'ica, Tuberculo'sis 
laryn'gis et trache'ce, Laryn'go et Tracheophthisis, 
Laryngophthisis, Ul'cera sen Helco'sis Laryngis, 
(F.) Phthisie laryngee, Ulcere du larynx, Laryn- 
gite avec secretion de Pus, is a species of con- 
sumption analogous to phthisis pulmonalis, pro- 
duced by inflammation and ulceration of the in- 
terior of the larynx, and sometimes by caries of 
the cartilages. Phthisis trachea'lis, Tracheoph- 
thi'sis, is a similar affection, seated in the trachea. 
Chronic inflammation of the larynx and trachea 
may exist, however, without tubercles or phthisis. 
Phthisis Meseraica, Tabes mesenterica-p. 
Nodosa, Ph. pulmonalis - p. Notias, Tabes dor- 
salis. 
Phthisis Pulmona'lis, Ph. pulmo'num, Ph. 
pulmona'lis vera seu tuberculo'sa seu scrophulo'sa 
seu tuberculo-ulcera'ta seu purulen'ta exulcera'ta 
seu exulcera'ta, Mara s'mus phthisis, Ilec'tica phthi- 
sis, Hamop'tysis phthisis, Ph. Pulmona'ris seu no- 
do'sa, Passio vomicof'lna, Phthisi -pneumo' nia, Ta- 
bes pulmona'lis seu pulmo'num, Ulcus pulmonum, 
Helco'sispulmona'lis, Pneumonophthi'sis, Pneumo- 
noph'thoe, Phthisis scrophulo'sa, Pneumop'thoe, 
I* ulmo'nia,Phthisis tuberculo'sa, Tuberculo'sis Pul- 
mo' num ,G ongrophthi'sis, Tuberculous disease of the 
lungs, Pulmonary consumption, Consumption, De- 
cline, Phthisic, Tisic, (F.) Phthisie, P.pulmonaire, 
Crachement de pus. Occasionally, this formida- 
ble disease occurs accidentally : but, usually, it 
is caused by a conformation obtained from pro- 
genitors. This, at least, predisposes to it; and 
but a slight exciting cause may be required to 
rouse the predisposition into action. It is less a 
disease of the torrid zone; and, in the temperate 
regions of the globe, its pathology is often inti- 
mately allied with that of scrofula. It consists 
in the formation of tubercles in the lungs, which 
sooner or later inflame and breakdown. In such a 
constitution, ulcerations of the lungs do not readily 
heal; and hectic fever-the universal attendant 
upon irritability and debility-is established. This 
persists, and gradually wears down the patient, 
till he ultimately expires, exhausted by the irri- 
tative fever. The chief symptoms are the fol- 
lowing. The patient feels a sense of uneasiness 
in the chest, with severe fits of coughing, or a 
short and dry cough with dyspnoea. This may 
be considered the incipient stage. The cough 
then becomes extremely troublesome, especially 
in the morning; and dyspnoea is increased on the 
slightest exertion. The expectoration is evidently 
purulent, with fever in the evening, and circum- 
scribed redness of the cheeks; wasting and col- 
liquative sweats early in the morning. This must PHTHISIS 
be considered the confirmed stage,-Phthisis con- 
summa'ta, Pneumophthi'sis. In the third, or last 
stage, the hectic is constant, with small pulse, 
pungent heat, colliquative sweats, and diarrhoea. 
The weakness becomes extreme, and the patient 
exhausted. Physical Signs. - 1. In the first 
stage, whilst there are yet scattered miliary tu- 
bercles,-the only appreciable change at the ex- 
terior of the chest, and this is not constant, is a 
want of freedom in the movements under one or 
both clavicles. Percussion will generally disco- 
ver a slight diminution of sound corresponding 
to the summit of one lung. In the same situa- 
tion, auscultation shows that the inspiratory mur- 
mur is either weaker, rougher, or confused. The 
sound of expiration is more distinct. The voice 
and cough are rather more resonant, and wheez- 
ing or mucous rales are occasionally heard in the 
same region. 2. When the tubercular deposition 
has become more abundant, the motion of the 
chest is more markedly diminished under one or 
both clavicles. The loss of sound on percussion 
is more distinct, the inspiration, on auscultation, 
is bronchial, the expiration louder and more su- 
perficial, and the resonance of the voice and 
cough is increased. The rest of the lung is per- 
haps healthy, or the respiration may be puerile. 
3. When the tubercles are undergoing softening, 
-in addition to the preceding signs, auscultation 
exhibits a subcrepitant rale around the apex of 
the lung, decreasing from above downwards. It 
is most distinct during or after the cough, and at 
the close of a deep inspiration. As the disease 
proceeds, the bubbling becomes successively 
larger, and ultimately gargouillement is heard. 
The inspiration and expiration are cavernous or 
tracheal. The voice and cough indicate unusual 
resonance and pectoriloquy. The intercostal 
spaces are often depressed locally, and percussion 
may become gradually clearer and even tympa- 
nitic as the cavern increases. 
It is only in the incipient state of this formi- 
dable disease, that advantage can be expected 
from any plan of treatment: and of all means 
that can be devised, that of removing to a climate 
in which air and exercise can be daily enjoyed 
during the autumnal, winter, and spring months 
is the best. See Climate. If this be impracti- 
cable, the patient must be kept in a regulated 
temperature, taking care that the chamber be 
duly ventilated ; and gestation in the open air be 
used, whenever the atmosphere, although cold, is 
dry. The other indications will be : 1. To mode- 
rate inflammatory action: 2. To support the 
strength ; and, 3. To palliate urgent symptoms. 
The whole treatment indeed is palliative. Coun- 
ter-irritants relieve pain : demulcents and mild 
opiates alleviate the cough : the mineral acids, 
united with opium, relieve the colliquative sweats; 
and chalk and opium the diarrhoea. 
Dr. Wilson Philip has pointed out a particular 
species of phthisis, which is characterized, in the 
early stage, by a deranged state of the digestive 
organs ; flatulent, irregular bowels; furred tongue; 
impaired appetite ; unnatural fieces ; and the epi- 
gastric region more or less full and tender on 
pressure. The affection of the lungs is here 
secondary. He calls it Dyspeptic phthisis. 
Phthisis Pulmonalis Purulenta Exulce- 
Rata, Phthisis pulmonalis- p. Pulmonalis scro- 
fulosa. Phthisis pulmonalis - p. Pulmonalis tu- 
berculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis - p. Pulmonalis 
tuberculosa-ulcerata, Phthisis pulmonalis - p. 
Pulmonalis vera, Phthisis pulmonalis - p. Papil- 
lae. Synezisis-p. Papillaris, Myosis-p. Scrophu- 
losa. Phthisis pulmonalis - p. Sicca, Tabes dor- 
salis- p. Tuberculosa, Phthisis pulmonalis - p. 
Uterina, Metrophthisis - p. Vesicalis, Cystoph- 
669 
PHYSCONIA 
PIITIIISURIA, Diabetes. 
PHTHISUlilE, Diabetes-p. Sucrie, Diabetes 
mellitus. 
PHTHOE, Phthisis. 
PHTHOIS, Pastil, Trochiscus. 
PHTHOISCOS, Pastil, Trochiscus. 
PHTHONGODYSPHORIA, Ilyperacusis. 
PUT HORA, Abortion, Corruption, Plague. 
PIITHORIUS, Abortive. 
PHTHOROCTONUS, Abortive. 
PIIUCAGROSTIS MINOR, Pila marina. 
PIIUSCA, Oxyerate. 
PIIYGANTIIROPIA, Misanthropia. 
PUT GETH'LON, Panug, Phypella, from 
' I grow.' Inflammation of the superficial lym- 
phatic glands, not ending in suppuration. 
PIIYLACTERION, Amuletum. 
PUT LACTE'RIUM, from *1 pre- 
serve.' A Phylac'tery. An amulet:-a prophy- 
lactic. 
PIIYLAXIS, Conservation. 
PHYLLAN'THUS URINA'RIA, Binltohnm- 
ba. A plant employed in Ceylon, in decoction, 
as a diuretic. 
PHYLLITIS, Asplenium seolopendrium - p. 
Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria - p. Rotundi- 
folia, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
PUT MA, Phima, from rpvoyai, 'I spring up.' 
With the ancients, this word was used with great 
latitude: sometimes, in the sense of phlegmon, 
for tumours larger than a boil, and perfectly sup- 
purative. In the nosology of Sauvages, Phymata 
is an order of diseases, to which he refers erysi- 
pelas, oedema, phlegmon, emphysema, scirrhus, 
<tc. In that of Dr. Good it is a genus, including 
hordeolum, furunculus, sycosis, and anthrax. 
Phyma Anthrax, Anthrax - p. Anthrax ter- 
minthus, Terminthus-p. Sycosis, Sycosis. 
PHTMATO'SES, from <f>vya, 'a hard tumour. 
Tuberculous diseases. - Fuchs. 
PIIYMATOSIS, Excrescence-p. Cerebri, En- 
cephalophymata- p. Elephantiasis, Elephantia- 
sis- p. Lupus, Lupus - p. Verrucosa, Verruca. 
PHYMOSIS, Phimosis. 
PITT PELLA, Phygethlon. 
PHYSA, Crepitation. 
PHTSAGOGA, Carminatives. 
PHT'SALIS, P. Alkeken'gi seu halieae.'abum, 
Sola'num vegica'rium, Alchachen'ge, Alkeken'gi, 
Halicae'abum, Winter Cherry, (F.) Alkekenye, 
Coqueret. Family, Solanem. Sex. Syet. Pen- 
tandria Monogynia. The berries are recom- 
mended as a diuretic, from 6 to 12 for a dose, in 
dropsical and calculous cases. 
Physalis Alkekengi, Physalis-p. Halicaca- 
bum. Physalis-p. Stramonium, Anisodus luridus. 
PHTSCIA ISLANDICA, Lichen islandieus - 
p. Nivalis, Lichen caninus. 
PIITSCO'NIA, from tyvaKi), 'a bladder.' Ven- 
trog'itag, Ecphy'ma physco'nia, Hypoear'ca, Em- 
phrae'tica, Vigco'nia, Hypergarch'id'log, Potbelly, 
1 enduloue abdo men, Swaybelly. A generic term 
under which Sauvages has comprised every large 
tumour developed in the abdomen, that is neither 
fluctuating nor sonorous. Linnseus calls it Hy- 
posarca. 
Physco'nia Adipo'sa, Obeg'itag seu Polyear'- 
cia vig'cerum. Accumulution of fat in the intes- 
tines. 
Physconia Biliosa, Turgescentia vesiculro 
felleae. 
Physconia Emphysemat'ica. Accumulation 
of air in the areolar tissue, or between the coats 
of particular viscera. 
Physconia Lienis, Splenoncus - p. Mesente- 
rica, Tabes mesenterica - p. Splenica, Ague 
cake. 
Physconia Strumo'sa, Scrofula abdomina'lu PHYSCONIE 
inter'na. Tumid abdomen from scrophulous en- 
largement of the glands. 
PHYSCONIE ME SENTE RIQUE, Tabes 
mesenterica. 
PHYSEMA, Tympanites, Physesis. 
PHYSE'SIS, Physe'ma, from 'I inflate.' 
An emphysematous tumour. Tympanites. 
PHYSETER MACROCEPIIALUS, see Ceta- 
ceum. 
PHYSIATRICE, Vis medicatrix naturae. 
PIIYSIAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na- 
turae. 
PHYSIC, Medicament, Medicina - p. Indian, 
Euphorbia corollata, Gillenia trifoliata-p. Root, 
Leptandria purpurea. 
PHYSICAL, Medical. 
PHYSIC"! AN, Med'icus, Tatros, Aces'tor, 
Aces'ter, Altheus ; from tyvais, 'nature. (F.) Me- 
decin. One who has received his degree from an 
incorporated Institution, as Doctor of Medicine. 
The French formerly used the word physicien in 
the same sense. It is now appropriated to the 
natural philosopher. 
Physician, Family. One regarded as the 
regular attendant on a family. 
Physician, Learned, latrosophista-p. Prac- 
tical, latrotechna-p. Priest, see Asclepiadae. 
PHYSICIEN, Physician. 
PHYSICS, MED'ICAL, latrophys'ics. Phy- 
sics directly applied to medicine, - either to the 
explanation of the vital phenomena, the preserva- 
tion of individuals, or the treatment of disease. 
PHYSIOAUTOCRATIA, Vis medicatrix na- 
turae. 
PHYSIOG'NOMY, Physiognom'ia, Physiog- 
nom'ica, Physiognom'ice, Physionom'ia, Physi- 
ognomon'ia, Physiognom'one, Physiognomos'yne, 
Physiognomosia, Anthroposcop'ia, Prosopoman- 
ti'a, Prosopolog"ia, Semiot'ice fa'ciei, Physiogno- 
mon' ica, Physiognom'ony, Metopos'copy, Prosopo'- 
sis, from 0v<rif, 'nature,' and yvo»nr/, 'knowledge.' 
The art of knowing the dispositions of men from 
their external appearance; especially from the 
features. Every inference of this kind must ne- 
cessarily be extremely fallacious, and cannot be 
reduced to rule, as was attempted by Lavater and 
others. In infantile diseases, numerous shades 
of expression are evident, which experience 
teaches how to appreciate; and which afford use- 
ful guides in understanding the pathology of that 
period of existence. 
PHYSIOLOGIA PATHOGENETICA, see Pa- 
thogenetic. 
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy 
- p. Doctrine, Broussaism. 
PHYSIOLOGICE, Physiology. 
PHYSIOL'OGY, Physiolog"ia, Biol'ogy, Bion'- 
omy, Biot'ics, Bioph<Bnomenolog"ia, Physiolog"- 
ice, CEconom'ia anima'lis, Anatom'ia viva, Anat'- 
ome anima'ta, Anthropolog"ia, Microcosmogra'- 
phia, Microcos'mica scien'tia, Cognit"io physio- 
log" ica, Pars natura'lis medici'nce, Philosoph'ia 
cor'poris vivi ; from <pvais, 'nature,' and Aoyoj, 'a 
description.' Formerly, Physiology meant the 
same as Physics, in its extensive signification, 
now does. At the present day, it includes the 
science which treats of the functions of animals 
or vegetables; an acquaintance with the pheno- 
mena the aggregate of which constitute life. It is 
the science of life. It is divided into animal-Zoo- 
physiologia, and vegetable - Phytophysiolog"ia, 
according as it considers the life of animals or of 
vegetables singly. Comparative physiology com- 
prises both. Physiology is, also, general or special, 
according as it treats of life in the abstract or in 
some particular species. To the latter belongs the 
Physiology of Man, - called also, Hygienic Phy- 
670 
PIA 
aiology to distinguish it from Pathological Physi- 
ology or Pathology. 
Physiology, Pathogenetic, see Pathogenetic. 
PHYSIONOMIA, Physiognomy. 
PHYSIONOMIE EGAREE, see Wild. 
PHYSIS, Natura, Sex. 
PIIYSOCE'LE, Pneumatoce'le, Hernia vento'- 
sa; Oscheoce'le jlatulen'ta, Emphyse'ma Scroti, 
from <pvaaw, ' I insufflate,' and KrJm, ' a tumour.' 
An emphysematous tumour of the scrotum ; pro- 
bably a case of intestinal hernia, containing much 
flatus. 
PHYSOCEPH'ALUS, from pvcuu, ' I inflate/ 
and Kt<l>aXri, 'the head.' Physoceph'alus. Emphy- 
sematous tumefaction of the head. 
PHYSOCCELIA, Tympanites. 
PHYSO'DES; from <j>vaaw, ' I inflate,' and uios, 
'resemblance.* Full of air; apparently full of 
air - applied to tumours, <tc. 
PHYSOME'TRA, Emphyse'ma U'teri, Hys- 
teroph'yse, Hysteropsoph'ia, Hysteremphyse'ma, 
Hystremphyse' ma, Metremphyse'ma, jEdoeopsopld- 
ia uteri'na, Emphyse'ma uteri'num, Infla'tio 
U'teri, Tym'pany of the Womb, U'terine tympani'- 
tes, from <pvaau, ' I inflate,' and y>iTf>a, ' the womb. 
A light, tense, circumscribed protuberance in the 
hypogastrium, obscurely sonorous, with wind 
occasionally discharged through the os uteri. 
PHYSON, Flatulence. 
PIIYSONCUS, Emphysema. 
PHYSOPSOPH'IA ; from <pvaau>, ' I inflate/ 
and \]jo<pos, ' a noise.' A discharge of air with 
noise. 
PHYSOSPASMUS, Colica flatulenta. 
PHYSOTHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
PHYTIVOROUS, Phytophagous. 
PIIYTOALOPECIA, Porrigo decalvans. 
PHYTO-CHYMISTRY, see Chymistry. 
PIIYTOLAC'CA DECAN'DRA, P. vulgaris, 
Poke Weed, Amer'icon Night Shade, Cancer root, 
Poke, Skoke, Jucato Caleloe, (?) Jalap, Pigeon 
Berries, Jalap cancer root, Sola'num racemo'sum 
America'num, S. magnum Virginia'num rubrum, 
Blitum America'num, Garget, (F.) Raisin d'Ame- 
rique, Phytolaque d dix (famines, Morelle en 
grappes, Mechoacan du Canada. Family, Che- 
nopodeae. Sex. Syst. Decandria Decagynia. The 
leaves, berries, and roots are employed. The 
young stems, when boiled, are sometimes eaten 
at table ; but when old, they must be cautiously 
used, as the plant is emetic and cathartic. It is 
most celebrated as a remedy in chronic rheuma- 
tism ; and is given in the form of tincture of the 
ripe berries. It is, also, used in cutaneous erup- 
tions ; tinea capitis, itch, cancerous ulcers, &c. 
The root is gathered and dried in the fall. 
PHYTOLAQUE A DIX ETAMINES, Phy- 
tolacca decandra. 
PIIYTOLOGIA MEDICA, Botany, medical. 
PHYTOPH'AGOUS, Phytoph'agus ; Phytiv'- 
orous, Phytiv'orus; from <j>vrov, 'a plant/ and 
tpaysi, 'I eat.' Feeding or subsisting on vege- 
tables. 
PIIYTOPHYSIOLOGIA, see Physiology. 
PIIYTOSPERM'A, (F.) Phytosperme; from 
<f>vrov, 'a vegetable,' and airep/za, 'sperm.' Par- 
ticles similar to the spermatozoids of animals, ob- 
served in vegetables, and presumed to possess a 
similar agency in reproduction. 
PHYTOTOMY, see Anatomy, (vegetable.) 
PHYTOZOON, Zoophyte. 
PIA MATER, Pia seu mollis seu ten'uis Ma- 
ter, Pia meninx, Meninx inte'rior, Meninx cho- 
ro'i'des, Inner lam'ina of the Meningine, (Ch.,) 
Membra'na vasculo'sa Cer'ebri, Membra'na Cer'- 
ebri ten'uis seu mollis seu pro'pria, (F.) Pie 
mire, Meningette. The pia mater is a very deli- PIAN 
cate membrane, which covers the brain imme- 
diately, penetrates into its anfractuosities, and 
envelops, also, the cerebellum and the spinal pro- 
longation, Ac. Bichat does not regard it as a 
membrane, properly so called, but as a net-work 
of blood-vessels, united by a lax areolar tissue. 
The Pia Mater exterior is the portion of mem- 
brane which covers the exterior of the encepha- 
lon, and faces the arachnoid externally. The 
Pia Mater interior is that which lines the cere- 
bral fossa), into which it penetrates by a cleft 
situate between the posterior part of the Corpus' 
callosum and the fornix; and by two other fis- 
sures, situate between the corpora fimbriata and 
thalami nervorum opticorum. The pia mater 
contains a great number of granulations similar 
to the Glandulce Pacchioni. 
Pia Mater Testis, Tunica vasculosa-p. Me- 
ninx, P. Mater. 
PIAN, Framboesia. 
PI ANS, MOTHER OF, Mama-pian. 
PIAR, Fat. 
PIARIIA5'MIA; from n-tup, 'fat,' and 'ai/ia, 
'blood.' Fat in the blood. - Simon. 
PICA, Malacia-p. Africanorum, Chthonopha- 
gia. 
PICAC, Euphorbia corollata. 
PICACISM'US, Pica'tio, from pix, 'pitch.' 
Depilation by means of a pitch plaster. Also, 
Malacia. 
PICATIO, Malacia, Picacismus. 
PICEA, Pin'us abies. 
PICERION, Butter. 
PICHU'RIM BEANS. The seed of a tree, 
supposed to be Persea pichurim, Oco'tea pichu'- 
rim, which grows in Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela, 
and other parts of South America. They are of 
an elliptical shape; flat on one side, convex on 
the other; of an aromatic odour between that of 
nutmegs and sassafras, and of a spicy, pungent 
taste. The medical properties are the same as 
those of other aromatics. For the bark, see Pe- 
churim cortex. 
PICKERELWEED, SHOVEL, Unisema del- 
tifolia. 
Pl COTE, Variola. 
PICOTEMENT, Pricking. 
PICR2ENA EXCELSA, Quassia. 
PICRIA, Bitterness. 
PICRIUM SPICATUM, Coutoubea alba. 
PICROCHOLOS, Bilious. 
PI'CROMEL, .BiZin,• from riirpof, 'bitter,' and 
'honey.' A name given by Thenard to a 
colourless, soft substance, of an acrid, bitter, sac- 
charine taste, nauseous smell, and very soluble in 
water. 
It forms part of the bile, and is classed amongst 
the animal immediate principles. 
PICROPE'GjE, from nixpos, 'bitter,' and irnyn, 
' a spring.' Mineral waters ; bitter from the pre- 
sence of chloride of magnesium. 
PICROS, Amarus. 
PICROTOX'INE, Picrotox'ina, Picrotox'in, 
from rucpof, ' bitter,' and ' poison.' A 
vegetable alkali, discovered by M. Boullay in the 
Meniepernnm Cocculin. It crystallizes in quad- 
rangular, white, brilliant, semitransparent prisms; 
which are excessively bitter, soluble in three parts 
of alcohol, and in fifteen of boiling water. 
The Cocculus Indicus owes its poisonous pro- 
perties to this principle. 
PIE MERE, Pia mater. 
PIE-MERITE, Inflamma'tio pice matrie. A 
miserably compounded term, employed by M. Gri- 
solle, to express inflammation of the pia mater: 
from (F.) pie mere, 'the pia mater,' and ite, itis; 
a termination denoting inflammation. 
671 
pilAtio 
PifICE, Hepatitis. 
PIECES D'ANA TOM IE All TIFICIELLES, 
see Artificial. 
PIED, Pes-p. d' Alexandre, Anthemis pyre- 
thrum -p. d'Alouette des champs, Delphinium 
consolida-p. Dot, see Kyllosis-p. de Chat, An- 
tennaria dioica-p. de Cheval marin, Cornu am- 
monis-p. de Griffon, Gryphius pes, Helleborus 
fcetidus-p. de Lion, Alchemilla-p. de Lit, Ori- 
ganum-p. d'Ours, Acanthus mollis-p. Plat, see 
Kyllosis-p. de Veau, Arum maculatum-p. de 
Veau Triphylle, Arum triphyllum. 
PIEIRON, Fat. 
PIERRE, Calculus-p. d'Aigle, JEtites-p. 
d'Azur, Lapis lazuli -p. Calami naire, Calamine 
-p. d Cautire, Potassa cum calce-p. Infernale, 
Argenti nitras-p. Judaique, Judaeus (lapis) - 
p. au Lait, Morochthus-p. Midicamenteuse, 
Medicamentosus lapis-p. Nlphretique, Nephre- 
ticus lapis -p. Ponce, Pumex. 
PIERRES CRA YEUSES, Calculi, arthritic 
-p. au Fiel, Calculi, biliary - p. Stercorales, 
Calculus of the Stomach and Intestines-p. Uri- 
naires, Calculi, urinary. 
PIESTER, Press. 
PIESTERION, Press. 
PIESTRON, from irufyn, 'I press.' An instru- 
ment recommended by Hippocrates for breaking 
the bones of the foetal head when too large to be 
extracted otherwise. 
PIG AMON JAUNATRE, Thalictron. 
PIGEON BERRIES, Phytolacca decandra - 
p. Breasted, see Lordosis - p. Tree, Aralia spi- 
nosa. 
PIGMENT CELLS, see Cell, pigment. 
PIGMEN'TAL, from pigmentum, 'paint.' 
Having relation to pigment or colouring matter. 
Pigmental Appara'tus, (F.) Appareil pig- 
mental. The apparatus concerned in the colora- 
tion of the skin of the coloured varieties of man. 
- Flourens. 
PIGMENTARIUS, Apothecary, Unguentarius. 
PIGMENTUM, Paint-p. Indicum, Indigo- 
p. Nigrum, see Choroid - p. Uracu, Terra Or- 
leans. 
PIGMY, Pygmy. 
PIGNEROLE, Ccntaurea calcitrapa. 
PIGNON DE BARB ARIE, Jatropha curcas 
- p. d'Inde, Jatropha curcas. 
PIGNUT, Earthnut, Groundnut. The bulbous 
root of Bu'nium Bulbocas'tanum. Called pignuts, 
from the fondness of the pig for them. They 
have been considered to possess a styptic quality; 
and are deemed serviceable in atonic affections 
of the kidney. - Hooper. 
Pignut, Bunium bulbocastanum. 
PIG'S FLARE, Adeps suillus. 
PILA, Sphara, Ball. A gymnastic exercise, 
much used by the ancients as well as moderns.- 
Galen. Also, a mortar and a pestle-Ac'one. 
Pila, Mortar, Pillar - p. Damarum, JEgagro- 
pila-p. Rupicaprarum, ASgagropila. 
Pila Mari'na, Sphcnra Marina, Sphara Tha- 
las'sia, Halcyo'nium rotun'dum, (F.) Pelote de 
Mer. Certain light, round, depressed, or oblong 
masses-inodorous and insipid-in which rushes, 
hairs, and the debris of shells are met with. These 
are found on the sea-shores, and have been re- 
garded by Spielmann as consisting chiefly of the 
roots of the Zos'tera Mari'na seu Marit'ima, Alga 
Mari'na, Phucagros'tis minor. Iodine is detected 
in the ashes, which accounts for their success in 
goitre. They have, also, been given as a vermifuge. 
PILARE MALUM, Trichosis. 
PILA'TIO, frompiTas, 'a hair.' Fracture of 
the cranium in which the fissure is narrow, and 
has the appearance of a hair-&cap'illary fissure, 
(F.) Fente capi Haire, PILE 
PILE, Hair. 
PILEA PUMI'LA, Richweed, Clearweed, Cool- 
weed ; indigenous; Order, Urticaceae; flowering 
from July to September; has been used as a 
wash in poisoning by Rhus. It has a strong, 
grateful smell. 
PILEOLUM, CWotte. 
PILEOLUS, Caul, Pileus. 
PI' LEOUS, Pilo'sus, Pilose, Pilous, (F.) Pileux. 
That which relates to the hair. Hairy. 
Pileous System of Bichat is that formed by 
the hair. It comprises the different species of 
hair of the human body. 
PILES, BLIND, Caecae haemorrhoides, see 
Haemorrhois. 
PILEUS, 'a hat, cap, or bonnet for the head.' 
Pile'olus. A shield. A nipple-like instrument, 
formed of various materials, and used by females 
for protecting the nipple during the child's suck- 
ing, when the part is painful. Also, a caul. • 
Pileus, Cucupha - p. Hippocraticus, Bonnet 
d' Hippocrate. 
PILEUX, Pileous. 
PILEWORT, Ranunculus acris, and R. ficaria. 
PILI CAPITIS, see Capillus - p. Cutis, La- 
nugo- p. Palpebrarum, Cilia - p. Pudendorum, 
Pubes. 
PILIER, Pillar. 
PILIMICTIO, see Trichiasis. 
PILL, Pilula-p. Abernethy's, see Pilulae hy- 
drargyri-p. of Aloes and Gamboge, Pilulae aloes 
et cambogiae- p. of Aloes and cinchona, Pilulae 
aloes et kinae kinae - p. of Aloes and colocynth, 
Pilulae aloes et colocynthidis-p. of Aloes and 
fetid gums, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis-p. of Aloes 
and ginger, Pilulae aloes et zingiberis - p. Aloes 
and myrrh, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae-p. Aloetic, 
Pilulae aloeticae - p. Aloetic and assafoetida, Pi- 
lu'a' aloes et assafoetidae - p. Aloetic, compound, 
P . il<e aloes compositae - p. of Aminoniuret of 
copper, Pilulae ammoniureti cupri-p. Analeptic, 
James's, see Analeptica - p. Anderson's, see Pi- 
lulae aloes et jalapae-p. Anodyne, Pilulae opiatae 
-p. Antibilious, Barclay's, Pilulae antibiliosae - 
p. Antibilious, Dixon's, Pilulae antibiliosae-p. 
Asiatic, Pilulae Asiatica - p. Assafetida, Pilulae 
Assafoetidae-p. Bacher's, Pilulae ex helleboro et 
inyrrha-p. Barbarossa's, Barbarossse pilulae-p. 
Barthez, see Pilulae aloes et myrrhae. 
Pill, Blair's. An empirical preparation of 
colchicum, much used in England in cases of gout. 
Pill, Blaud's. These pills, proposed by M. 
Bland as antichlorotic, are formed as follows : - 
Take of gum tragacanth, in powder, six grains; 
water, one drachm. Macerate in a glass or por- 
celain mortar, until a thick mucilage is formed, 
and if it be desired to prevent the formation of 
peroxide of iron, and to make the pill similar to 
those of Vallet, substitute a drachm of powdered 
sugar for the mucilage. Add afterwards of «u7- 
phate of iron, in powder, half an ounce. Beat 
well until the mixture is homogeneous, and add 
subcarbonate of potass, half an ounce. Beat un- 
til the mass becomes of a deep-green colour, and 
of a soft consistence. Divide into 48 (?) pills. 
Dose, one a day; gradually increasing to two, 
and afterwards to three. 
Pill, Blue, Pilulae hydrargyri-p. Brandreth's, 
Pilulte aloes et cambogiae-p. Calomel, Pilulae 
hydrargyri chloridi mitis- p. Camboge, Pilulae 
cambogiae compos.-p. Camboge, compound, Pi- 
lulae cambogiae compositae - p. of Carbonate of 
iron, Pilulae ferri carbonatis-p. Cathartic, com- 
pound. Pilulae catharticaa compositae - p. Com- 
mon, Pilulae aloes et myrrhae - p. Dinner, see 
Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae. 
Pill, Dinner, of Mr. Mayo. This is composed 
of P. Rkej, gr. iv ; Sodas Carb. gr. j. 
672 
PILULA 
Pill, Everlast'ing. A pill once in vogue, 
and said to be composed of metallic antimony. 
It was believed to have the property of purging 
as often as it was swallowed. A lady having 
swallowed one of these pills, became seriously 
alarmed at its not passing. " Madam," said her 
physician, " fear not; it has already passed 
through a hundred patients without any diffi- 
culty."- Paris. 
Pill, Female, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis- p. 
Ferruginous, of Vallet, see Ferri, protocnrbonas 
•-p. Fothergill's, see Pilulas aloes et colocyntbidis 
- p. Frank's see Pilulae aloes et kinae kinae- p. 
Fuller's, see Pilulae de aloe et foetidis - p. Gal- 
banum, compound, Pilulae galbani composite - 
p. Griffiths, see Pilulae rhej compositae-p. Gum, 
Pilulae galbani compositae- p. of Hellebore and 
myrrh, Pilula? ex helleboro et myrrha-p. Hoop- 
er's, see Pilulae aloes et myrrha)-p. of Iodide of 
Iron, Pilulae ferri iodidi-p. James's Aanaleptic, 
see Analeptica - p. Keyser's, see Hydrargyrus 
acetatus - p. Lady Crespigny's, Pilulae aloes et 
kinae kinae-p. Lady Hesketh's, see Pilulae aloes 
et kinae kinae-p. Lady Webster's, Pilulae aloes 
et kina; kina*. 
Pill, Lartigues', Pil'ultB Col'chici et Digi- 
ta'lif. [Ext. Coloc. c. IJss; Ext. Sem. Colchic. 
alcoholic., Extract. Digital, alcohol, aa gr. iss : f. 
massa in pilul. x dividend.) Dose, two, three, or 
more, in the 24 hours, in gout. 
Pill Machine, Pilulier - p. Matthews's, see 
Pilulae ex helleboro et myrrha, - p. Mercurial, 
Pilulae hydrargyri - p. of mild chloride of Mer- 
cury, Pilulae hydrargyri chloridi mitis- p. Mof- 
fat's, Pilula) aloes et cambogiae - p. Morrison's, 
Pilulae aloes et cambogiae, see Pilula? cambogiae 
compositae-p. Moseley's, Pilulae rhej compositae 
- p. Night, common, Pilula) opiatae - p. Opiate, 
Pilulae opiatae-p. Peter's, see Pilulae aloes et 
cambogiae-p. Plummer's, Pilulae hydrargyri sub- 
muriatis compositae - p. of Sulphate of Quinia, 
Pilulae quinia? sulphatis-p. Red, Pilula) hydrar- 
gyri submuriatis compositae-p. Red, Boerhaave's, 
see Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum-p. of Rhu- 
barb, Pilula? rhej - p. of Rhubarb, compound, 
Pilulae rhei compositae - p. Rufus's, Pilulae aloes 
et myrrhae - p. Rush's, see Pilulae aloes et cam- 
bogiae- p. Scotch, Pilulae de aloe et foetidis - p. 
of Soap and opium, Pilulae saponis cum opio-p, 
Speediman's, see Pilulae aloes et myrrhae - p. 
Squill, compound, Pilulae scillae compositae - p. 
Starkey's, see Pilulae ex helleboro et myrrha - 
p. Storax, Pilulae e styrace-p. of Strychnia, Pi- 
lulae strychniae-p. of Submuriate of mercury, 
compound, Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis eompo- 
sitae-p. Tanjore, Pilulae Asiaticae - p. Turpen- 
tine, Pilulae de terebinthinH-p. Vallet's, see Ferri 
protocarbonas, and Pilulae ferri carbonatis - p. 
Webster's, Pilula? aloes et kinae kinae-p. Whytt's, 
see Pilulae de aloe et foetidis. 
PILLAR, Pi'la, Colum'na, Columel'la, (F.) 
Pilier. A name given to several parts; as the 
pillar* of the velum palati, diaphragm, <fcc. 
PILON, Pilum. 
PILOSELLA, Hieracium pilosella-p. Alpina, 
Hieracium pilosella. 
PILOSUS, Pileous. 
PILOUS, Pileous. 
PIL'ULA, plural Pilu'lce. Diminutive of pila, 
' a ball.' Sphcerid'ion, Catapo'tion, Catop'otum, 
Sphte'non, Gongyl'ion, Gon'gylis, Gongylid'ium. 
A pill. (F.) Pilule. A simple or compound me- 
dicine, weighing from one to five grains, of a firm 
consistence and spherical form; intended to be 
swallowed at once, without chewing. The Pill 
differs from the Bolus, the latter being softer and 
larger. 
Medicines are often given in the form of pill. PILUL2B 
on account of their disagreeable taste and odour. 
Pilula, also, means a Pilular maun. 
PILULAS EX ALOE, P. aloes composite-p. 
de Aloe et cambogiH, P. aloes et cambogiaa. 
Pilula: Aloes, P. Aloet'ica, Pilula ex Aloe et 
Sapo'ne, Aloet'ic Pill, (F.) Pilules d'aloes ou alo- 
Itiques. (Aloes inpulv.; saponin, sing. 5j ; syr. 
q. s. to form 240 pills.- Ph. U. S.) Bose, gr. x 
to xx, in habitual costiveness. 
Pilula: Aloes et Assafce'tid.e, Aloetic and 
Assafoetida. Pills. (Aloes, assafoetida, saponin, 
sing, ; aqua, q. s. to form 180 pills.- Ph. U. 
S.) Purgative and stomachic. Bose, gr. x. 
Pilula: Aloes et Cambo'gia:, P. de Aloe et 
Cambo'gid, P. Hydrargo'ga Bon'tii, Pill of Aloes 
and Camboge. (Aloes, cambog., gum. ammoniat., 
aa p. 8B. Make into a powder. Bissolve in vine- 
gar ; pass through a cloth ; express the residuum 
strongly; and afterwards evaporate, in a water- 
bath, to a pilular consistence. - Ph. P.) Purga- 
tive ; used in dropsy. Bose, gr. xij to xxx. 
Peter's Pills - anostrum - are formed of aloes, 
jalap, scammony, and camboge, of each equal 
parts. 
The basis of Morrison's Pills, often called Hy- 
giene Pills, of Brandreth's Pills, and Moffat's 
Pills, is said to be aloes, with camboge, scam- 
mony, <fcc. 
Push's Pills were formed of calomel, aloes, and 
camboge, with oil of mint. 
Pilula: Aloes et Colocyn'thidis, P. ex Co- 
locynth'ide cum aloe, P. Aloes cum Colocynthide, 
P. coc'cina, P. cocchii, P. colocyn'thidis compos'- 
ita, P. coccia mino'res, Pill of Aloes and Colo- 
cyuth. (Pulp, coloc. ; aloes hepat., scammon, 
aa ; sapon. gij ; ol. caryoph. ; syrup, q. s.- 
Ph. B.) Cathartic. Bose, gr. v to x or more. 
Foth'ergill's Pills consist of aloes, scammony, 
coloeynth, and oxide of antimony. 
Pilula: Aloes Cosipos'ita:, Pilula ex Aloe, 
Compound Aloetic Pills. (Aloes epic, extract, cont. 
3 j ; ext. gentiana, olei carui, gtt. xl; syr. 
q. s.- Ph. L.) These are sometimes, also, called 
Family pills, Antibilious pills, <fcc. 
Pilula: de Aloe et Fce'tidis, P. Benedic'ta 
Fulleri, Pill of aloes and fetid gums, Pilula ec- 
phrac'tica, Female pills, Pilula aloes martia'les, 
(F.) Pilules benites de Fuller. (Aloes socotr., sen- 
na, assafoetida, galbani, aa £ij i myrrh, Ziv ; 
croci, maeis, aa j ferri sulpha t. giss. Reduce 
to powder separately, and add ol. suecin. gtt. viij ; 
syr. artemisia, q. e.- Ph. P.) Purgative, and 
given in hysteria. Bose, gr. xv to xx. 
Whytt's Pills, given in similar cases, consisted 
of chloride of iron, aloes, extraCt of horehound, 
and annafoetida. 
Pilul.e Aloes et Jalap'a:, commonly called 
Anderson's pills, Anderson's Scots' pills, Scotch 
pills. (Aloes Barbad. tbj ; rad. helleb. nigr., 
rad. jalapa, potassa subcarb. aa. 5,1 ; ol. anisi, 
Jiv; syrup, simpl. q. s. - Gray.) Bose, gr. x 
to xxx. 
A committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy recommend the following: Aloes Bar- 
badens. ijxxiv; saponin, 5iv; colocynthid. 3j ; 
cambogia, ; ol. anis. 
Pilula: Aloes et Kina. Kina:, P. stomach'ica 
P. ante cibum, Pill of aloes and cinchona, (F.) 
Pilules gourmandes. (Aloes socotr. JJvj ; ext.cin- 
chon. 3>jj; cinnam. gj ; syrup, absinth, q. 8.- 
Ph. P.) Stomachic and laxative. Bose, gr. x 
to xx. 
Lady Crespigny's pills, Lady Webster's pills, 
Lady Hesketh's pills, and the Pilula stomach'ica 
Mesues (Ph. L. 1635), resemble these. 
Frank's pills, much employed, also, as 'dinner 
pills' or, - to use the language of the eccentric 
Kitchener - as 'peptic persuaders,' are said to 
673 
PILUL2E 
be much used, under the name Grainet de santi, 
in various parts of Europe. They consist of 
aloes, jalap, and rhubarb, with syrup of worm- 
wood as an excipient. 
Pilule Aloes Martiales, P. de aloe et foe- 
tidis. 
Pilula: Aloes et Myrrha:, P. aloes cum myr- 
rha, P. de aloe et myrrha, Rufus's or Ruffus's 
pills, Common pills, Pilula Ritfi seu Rujji, P. 
commu'nes, Pills of aloes and myrrh. (Aloes, gij; 
croci, in pulv. 3SS> myrrh, 5j ; syr. q. s. to form 
480 pills. - Ph. U. S.) Cathartic and emmena- 
gogue. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
Hooper's pills-possessed of similar properties 
-according to one of Gray's formula?, are made 
as follows; Ferri sulph., aqua, aaj|viij. Dis- 
solve. Add aloes Rarbad. tbij and canel- 
la albce, 5vjl 9um myrrh, §ij ; opopanacis, >Jiv. 
'Jhe committee of the Philadelphia College of 
Pharmacy recommend the following form : Aloes 
Rarbadensis, 3viij ; ferri sulphatis exsiccat. 
vel ferri sulph. crystall, Jjjv; ext. helleb. 
nigr. §ij; myrrh, saponis, ; canella, in 
pulv. tritae, ,^j; zingib. in pulv. tritae, 5,). 
Speediman's pills consist of aloes, myrrh, rhu- 
barb, extract of chamomile, and essential oil of 
chamomile; and the Pills of Rarthez, of aloes, 
myrrh, musk, camphor, and balsam of Peru. 
Pilula: be Aloe et Sapone, P. aloeticae. 
Pilula: Aloes cum Zingib'ere, Pill of aloes 
and ginger. (Aloes hepat. ; rad. zingib. in 
pulv. 3.) ! sapon. Hispan. ; ol. ess. mentha pip. 
Jss.--Ph. D.) In habitual costiveness. Dose, 
gr. x to xx. 
Pilula: Ammoniure'ti Cupri, Pills of Ammo- 
niuret of copper, Pilulce cupri, (F.) Pilules d'am- 
moniure de cuivre. (Ammoniur. cupri, in pulv. 
ten. trit. gr. xvj ; mica panis, aqua carbo- 
natis ammonia, q. s. Beat into a mass, and di- 
vide into xxxij pills.- Ph. E.) Tonic and anti- 
spasmodic, in epilepsy, <fcc. Dose, one pill twice 
daily; gradually increasing the dose. 
Pilul.e Ante Cibum, P. aloes et kinae kinae. 
PlLUL.E Antibilio'sa:, Rarclay's Antibil'ious 
pills. (Extract de colocynth, ; resin of jalap, 
; almond soap, ; guaiac, giij ; emetic tart. 
gr. viij ; oils of juniper, carraway, and rosemary, 
aa iv drops; syrup of buckthorn, q. s. to form 64 
pills.) Dose, two or three. 
Dixon's Antibilious pills are formed of aloes, 
scammony, rhubarb, and tartarized antimony. 
Pilula: Antiherpetica:, Pilulae hydrargyri 
■eubmuriatis comp.-p. Antihystericae, P. galbani 
compositae. 
Pilula: Antiscrophulo's.e, P. ex ox'ido stib'ii 
et hydrar'gyri sulphure'to nigro compos' ita. (P. 
scammon., hydrarg. sulphur, nigr. aa ; anti- 
monii oxidi albi, nrilleped., sapon. amygdalin, aa 
giij ; extract, glycyrrh. £v. Make into a mass.- 
Ph. P.) Dose gr. iv to xx. 
Pilul.e Antispastica:, P. galbani compositae 
- p. Assafcetidae compositae, P. galbani compo- 
sitffi. 
Pilula: Asiat'ic-e, Asiat'icpills, Tanjorepills. 
(Acid, arsenios. gr. Iv; piper, nigr. pulv. !>ix ; 
acacia, q. s. ut fiant pil. 800. Each pill contains 
about one-fifteenth of a grain of arsenious acid. 
These pills are employed in India for the cure of 
syphilis and elephantiasis. 
Pilula: Assafos'tidal Assafet'ida pills. (A«- 
safietid. ; saponis, Beat with water so 
as to form a mass to be divided into 240 pills.- 
Ph. U. S.) 
Pilula: Balsam'ica:, P. Docto'ris Morton. 
(Milleped, pulverisat. ; gum. ammon. £xj; 
acid, benzoic, Jvj ; croci, balsam. Perm. Sa ; 
balsam, sulph. anisat. £vj. Mix.- Ph. P.) Tonic, 
expectorant, and balsamic. PILULJE 
Pilula: Benedict.® Fulleri, P. de aloe et 
fcetidis. X 
Pilcl® Cambo'gi.e Compos'itas, P. de guttei 
gaman'drd, P. hydrago'ger, Gamboge pills, Pilules 
geimmi gutter. aloet'icer, Compound camboge pills, 
(F.) Pilules de gomme gutte composers. (Cambo- 
gies contrites, aloes spicat. extrat. contriti., pulv. 
•innam. comp. sing. ; saponis, - Ph. L.) 
Jathartic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
Morrison's pills are said by Dr. Paris to be 
nothing more than the above, with the addition 
of a small portion of cream of tartar. 
Pil'cl.e Cathar'ticje Compos'itas, Compound 
cathartic pills. [Ext. colocynth. comp, in pulv. 
qSS; ext. jalapes, in pulv., hy drarg. chlorid. mit. 
aa £iij ; gambog. in pulv. >)ij. M. Form into a 
mass with water, and make into 180 pills.- Ph. 
U. 8.) Three for a dose. 
Pilul.e Cocchii, P. aloes et colocynthidis-.p. 
Cocciae minores, P. aloes et colocynthidis - p. 
Coccinm, P. aloes et colocynthidis - p. Colchici 
et digitalis, P. Lartigues'-p. Colocynthidis com- 
positae, P. aloes et colocynthidis-p. ex Colocyn- 
thide cum aloe, P. aloes et colocynthidis - p. 
Communes, P. aloes et myrrhae - p. Cupri, P. 
ammoniureti cupri. 
Pilul.e Copa'ib.e, Pills of copaiba. (Copaib. 
magnesice, recente praepar. Mix, and 
set aside till it concretes into a pilular mass, to 
be divided into 200 pills.-Ph. U. S.) Each pill 
contains nearly five grains of copaiba. Two to 
six for a dose. 
Pilul.e DE Cynoglos'so, P. de extrac'to o'pii. 
,Pulv. rad. cynogloss., semin. hyoscyam. alb., ex- 
tract. opii vinos, aa ; pulv. myrrh, gvj ; oliban. 
Zv ; croci., castor., aa 5*ss i »yrup opii, q. s.- 
Ph. P.) Anodyne. In cough, &e. Dose, gr. iv 
to gr. viij. 
PiluLtE Depurantes, P. hydrargyri submu- 
riatis compos. - p. Ecphracticae, P. de aloe et 
foetidis. 
Pilule Ferri Carbona'tis, Pills of carbonate 
of iron, Vallet's pills, Vallet's ferru'ginous pills. 
(Ferri sulph. §viij ; sodes carbonat. Mel. 
despumat.ftuy, sacchar. ; agues bullientis, Oij; 
syrup, q. s. Dissolve the sulphate of iron and 
carbonate of soda, each in a pint of the water, 
and to each solution add a fluidounce of syrup; 
then mix the two solutions in a bottle just large 
enough to contain them; close it accurately with 
a stopper, and set it by, that the carbonate of 
iron may subside. Pour off the liquid, and having 
washed the precipitate with warm water, sweet- 
ened with syrup in the proportion of of the 
latter to Oj of the former, until the washings no 
longer have a saline taste, place it upon a flannel 
cloth, and express as much water as possible; 
then mix it with the honey and sugar. Lastly, 
heat the mixture in a water-bath, until it at- 
tains a pilular consistence. - Ph. U. S.) 
Pilul.e Ferri Compos'it.e, Compound pills of 
iron, Pilules ferri cum myrrhd, (F.) Pilules de 
fer composers. (Myrrh, in pulv. JJij j sodes, sub- 
carb., ferri sulph. aa 5.1 > syr,lP> q- 8. Mix, to 
form 80 pills.- Ph. U. S.) Tonic. Dose, gr. x 
to xx. 
Pilul.e Ferri Iod'idi, Pills of iodide of iron. 
(Ferri sulphat. 5j > Potass, iodid. traga- 
canth. pulv. gr. x ; sacchar. pulv. Beat with 
syrup into a mass, to form 40 pills. - Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, one to three, where a tonic and eutrophic 
is indicated. 
Pilul.e Ferri cum Mvrrha, P. Ferri compo- 
site-p. Foetidae, P. galbani composite. 
Pilul.e Gal'bani Compos'it.e, P. assafeetides 
compos'iter., P. fee'tides, P. gummo'sep., P. e gummi, 
Compound gal banum pill, Pilules antispas'tices, 
P. antihyster'ices, P. myrrhee compos'ites, Gum 
674 
PILULE 
pill. (Galban., myrrha, aa 3VJ > assafatida, 
oU > xyop- <1- s. t° form 240 pills.- Ph. U. S.) 
Antispasmodic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x 
to xx. 
Pilule Gummi, P. galbani compositae - p. 
Gummi guttae aloeticce, P. cambogiae compositae 
- p. Gummosae, P. galbani compositae - p. de 
Guttii gamandra, P. cambogiae compositae. 
Pilule ex Helleb'oro et Myrrha, P. ton'- 
ica, Bacher's pills, Tonic pills of Bader, Pills 
of hellebore and myrrh. (Ext. helleb. nig., 
myrrh, aa 5j; fol. cardui benedict, in pulv. 
M.- Ph. P.) Tonic and emmenagogue. 
In dropsical, cutaneous, and verminous affections. 
Dose, gr. iv to gr. viij. 
Matthews's pills, - Starkey's pills, are formed 
of rad. helleb. nigr., rad. glycyrrh., eapon. Gastill., 
rad. curcuma, opii purif., syrup, croci, 
ol. tereb. q. s. ut fiat massa. - Gray. 
Pilule Hydragoge, P. cambogiae compo- 
site-p. Hydragogae Bentii, Pilule aloes et eam- 
bogiae. 
Pilule Hydrar'gyri, P. mercuria'les, Mer- 
curial pill, Blue pill, (F.) Pilules de Mercure. 
(Hydrarg. purif. gj ; conf, rosa, glycyrrh. 
pulv. Rub the quicksilver with the confec- 
tion, until the globules disappear; then add the 
liquorice powder, and beat the whole into a uni- 
form mass, to be divided into 480 pills. - Ph. U. 
S.) Antisyphilitic; mercurial; - in large doses, 
purgative. 
A purgative pill, much prescribed by Mr. Aber- 
nethy, and called Abernethy's pill, consisted of 
pil. hydrarg. gr. x; jalap, pulv. gr. xx; syrup 
rhamni, q. s. ut fiant pil. vj. Two were given at 
night, and the next morning a wineglassful of 
infusum senna. 
Pilule Hydrar'gyri Chlo'ridi Mitis, Pills 
of mild chloride of mercury, Calomel pills. (Hy- 
drarg. chlorid. mit. acacia, in pulv. £} ; 
syrup, q. s. ut fiant pil. 240. - Ph. U. S.) Each 
pill contains one grain. 
Pilule de Hydrargyro, Scammo'nio et 
Aloe, vulgo Mercuria'les, (F.) Pilules Mer- 
curielles ou de Mercure, Scammonte et Aloes. 
(Hydrarg. purif. ; mellis, 5xj- Rub until the 
globules disappear; then add aloes Socot., seam- 
mon. aa 3*j j made, cinnam. aa 5*j- Make into 
a mass. - Ph. P.) Uses, same as the last, but 
they are more purgative. Dose, gr. viij to xxx. 
These pills are nearly the same as the Pastilles 
de Repaudot. 
Pilule ex Hydrargyro Muriatico miti cum 
Sulphure Stibiato Aurantiaco, Pilulae hydrar- 
gyri submurirftis compositae. 
Pilule Hydrargyri Submuriatis Compos- 
ite, Pilula ex stib'io et hydrar'gyro, P. antiher- 
pet'ica, P. ex hydrargyro muriat'ieo miti cum 
sul'phure stibia'to auriantiaco, P. resol ven' tes cum 
mercurio, P. depurantes, P. hydrargyri submu- 
riatis, Compound pills of submuriate of mercury, 
Calomel pills, Plummer's pills, Red pill. (Hy- 
drarg. stibmur., antimon, sulphur, precipitat. sing. 
3U > guaiac, gum resin, contrit. £iv; spirit red. 
5ss. Beat together. - Ph. L.) Mercurial, and 
reputed to be diaphoretic and alterative. Dose, 
gr. v to x. 
Leake's pilula saluta'ria resembles these. It 
is used in syphilis. 
Pilule Mercuriales, P. hydrargyri, P. de 
hydrargyro, scammonio et aloe-p. Doctoris Mor- 
ton, P. balsamicae - p. Myrrhae compositae, P. 
Galbani compositae. 
Pilule Opia't.e, P. Theba'ica, Opiate pills, 
Common night pills, Anodyne pills, Nepen'thes opi- 
a'tum, (F.) Pilules opiacees. (Opii, p. 1; ext. 
glycyrrh. p. 7 ; fruct. inyrt. piment. p. 2. Mix.- 
Ph. E.) Five grains contain gr- ss of opium. PILULAR 
Pilula: Opii, P. saponis cum opio-p. de Ex- 
tracto opii, P. de cynoglosso - p. ex Oxido stibii 
et hydrargyri sulphureto nigro composite, Pilulte 
antiscrophuloste- p. Resolventes cum mercurio, 
P. hydrargyri submuriatis compos. - p. de Rha- 
barbaro, Pilulte rhei compositte. 
The stomachic nostrum, sold under the name 
of Moseley's pills, consists merely of rhubarb and 
ginger. 
Pilula: Qui'nia: Pills of sulphate 
of quinia. (Quin, sulph. 5j; acacia, in pulv. 
gij j mel. q. s. ut fiant pilulae 480.-Ph. U. S. Each 
pill contains a grain of the sulphate of quinia. 
PlLULJE Rhej, Pills of rhubarb. (Rhej, pulv. 
Zvj ; saponis, 5pj. M. et fiant pil. 120. - Ph. U. 
S.) Each pili contains three grains of rhubarb. 
Pilula: Rhei Compos'ita:, P. de Rhabar'baro, 
Compound rhubarb pills. (Rhei, pulv. ; aloes, 
pulv.gvj; myrrh, pulv. Jiv; ol. menthce pip. fjss. 
Beat into a mass, with syrup of orange-peel, to 
form 240 pills. - Ph. U. S.) Laxative and sto- 
machic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
Griffitt's pills, so called after Dr. S. P. Griffitts, 
of Philadelphia, who prescribed them as a tonic 
aperient, were formed as follows : - Rhej, pulv. 
3>ss ; ferri sulph. Jss ; saponis, Qij ; aqua, q. s. 
ut fiat massa in pil. xl dividenda. Dose, three or 
four at bedtime. 
Pilula: Rufi, P. aloes et myrrhte - p. Salu- 
tariae, Leake's, see Pilulae hydrargyri submuriatis 
compositae --p.-Saponaceae, P. saponis cum opio 
- p. Saponis composite, P. saponis cum opio. 
Pilula Sapo'nis cum O'pio, P. sapona'cea, 
Pills of soap and opium, P. sapo'nis compos' ita, 
(F.) Pilules de savon et d'opium. (Opii, 5ss; 
sapon. 3jij. M.-Ph. U. S.) Five grains contain 
one of opium. 
The Pharmacopoeia of the United States has a 
form for the Pilules opii, Opium pills, as well as 
for the Pilula saponis composites ; the only differ- 
ence between them being in the proportion of the 
ingredients. The following is the formula for 
the Pilulte opii:-Opii, pulv. ; saponis, gr. xij. 
Beat with water into a mass to form 60 pills. 
Pilula e Scilla, P. scillae compositte. 
Pilula: Scilla: Compos'ita, P. scillit'ica, P. 
scilla cum znizib'ere, P. e scilla, Compound squill 
pill. (Scilla, pulv. 3j zingib. pulv., ammoniac, 
pulv. aa Jij ; saponis, Xiij ; syrup, q. s. ut fiant 
pil. 120. - Ph. U. S.) Dose, two pills. Expec- 
torant and diuretic. Dose, gr. x to xx. 
Pilula Scilla cum Zingibere, P. scillae com- 
posite-p. Scilliticae, P. scillae composite-p. ex 
Stibio et hydrargyro, P. hydrargyri submur. com- 
pos.- p. Stomachice, P. aloes et kine kine. 
Pilula Strych'nia, Pills of Strychnia. (Very 
pure strychnine, 2 gr.; conserve of roses, -Jss. 
Make into 24 pills.) One or two for a dose. 
Pilula e Sty'race, Storax Pills. (Styracis 
pur. £nj, opii purif., mellis, croci, sing. !Jj. Ph. 
P.) Six grains contain one of opium. 
Pilula Sublinguales, Ilypoglottides. 
Pilula DE Terebin'thina, Turpentine Pills. 
Made of turpentine boiled in 3 times its weight 
of water, until, when thrown into cold water, it 
forms a soft paste, which has the properties of 
turpentine, and has been administered in gleet, 
Ac. 
Pilula: Thebaica, P. opiatae-p. Tonica;, P. 
ex Helleboro et myrrha. 
PIL'ULAR, Pilula' ris ; from pilula, 'a pill.' 
Relating to pills,- as 'a pilular mass,' 'pilular 
form,' Ac. 
PIL ULES, Pilulae-p. Agrtgatives, see Aggre- 
gate-p. d'Aloes ou aloetiques, Pilulae aloeticae- 
p. d'Ammoniure de cuivre, Pilula; ammoniureti 
cupri -p. Benites de Fuller, Pilula; de aloe et 
feetidis-p. de Fer composes, Pilulte ferri compo- 
675 
PIMPINELLA 
sitae-p. Ferrugincuses de Vallet, see Ferri proto- 
carbonas-p. Gourmandes, Pilula) aloes et kinae 
kin®-p. de Mercure, Pilulte hydrargyri-p. de 
Mercure, <tc., Pilula; de hydrargyro, et scammo- 
nio et aloe-p. Mercurielles, Pilula? de hydrar- 
gyro, scammonio et aloe-p. Opiacles, Piluhe 
opiatae-p. de Savon et d'Opium, Pilula; saponis 
cuiu opio. 
PILULIER (F.) Pill Machine. An instru- 
ment invented by the Germans for rolling and 
dividing pills. Also, the earthen pot in which 
pills are preserved. 
PILUM, Pistil'lus, Pistillum, Hyp'eros, Cer'- 
cis, (F.) Pilon. A pestle. A wooden, iron, bell- 
metal, marble, agate, porcelain, or glass instru- 
ment for beating or dividing substances in a 
mortar. 
A spring pestle is one attached above to a 
spring, so as to take off the weight, and thus 
lessen the labour of pounding. 
PILUS, Capillus, Caul, Hair. 
PIMELE, Fat. 
PIMELECCIIYSIS, Pimelorrhoea. 
PIMELICUS, Fatty. , 
PIMELI'TIS, from irc/<cX>7, 'fat,' and de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the adi- 
pous tissue. 
PIMELODES, Fatty. 
PIMELO'MA, from iripcXn, 'fat.' A fatty 
swelling. 
from iriptXn, 
'fat,' and pew, 'I flow.' A morbid discharge or 
disappearance of fat. 
PIMELORTHOPNCE'A, Piorthopnoe'a : from 
TTigeXiy, 'fat,' opfloj, 'upright,' and rvtciv, 'to 
breathe.' Dyspnoea, practicable only in the erect 
attitude, owing to fat. 
PIMELO'SIS, Obes'itas nim'la, from ngeXr;, 
'fat.' Conversion into, or formation of, fat,- as 
Pimelo'sis hepat'ica, 'fatty degeneration of the 
liver.' 
Pimelosis Hepatica, Adiposis hepatica - p. 
Nimia, see Polysarcia. 
P IM ENT, Capsicum annuum-p. Royal, My- 
rica gale. 
PIMENTA, see Myrtus pimenta. 
PIMENTA3 BACCAE, see Myrtus pimenta. 
PIMENTO, see Myrtus pimenta. 
PIMIACULA, Labia pudendi. 
PIMPERNEL, BLUE, Scutellaria lateriflora 
-p. Red, Anagallis-p. Scarlet, Anagallis arven- 
sis-p. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
PIMPILIM, Piper longum. 
PIMPINEL, see Pimpinella-p. Italian, San- 
guisorba officinalis. 
PIMPINELLA ALBA, P. saxifraga- p. An- 
gelicaefolia, Ligusticum podagraria. 
Pimpinel'la Ani'sum, Anise plant, Anisirm, 
A. offieina'le seu vulga're, Sison ani'sum, A'pium 
ani'sum, Sola'men intestine'rum, Ane'svm, (F.) 
An»«. Family, Umbelliferm. Sex. Syst. Pentan- 
dria Digynia. A native of Egypt. The seeds, 
Ant'awn, (Ph. U. S.) Sem'ina Ani'si, An'iseed, 
have an aromatic odour; and a sweetish, warm, 
grateful taste. They are carminative, and used 
in dyspepsia and in tormina of infants. Dose, 
gr. xv to 3j, bruised. The oil,- Oleum Ani'si, 
(F.) Huile d'anis - is officinal. Dose, gtt. v to 
xv. Most of the oil used in this country under 
the name of Oil of Anise is said to be obtained 
from Illicium Anisatum. 
Pimpinella, Greater, P. magna-p. Ilircinu, 
P. Saxifraga-p. Laterifolia, Sion ammi. 
Pimpinel'la Magna seu nigra seu major sea 
rubra; Greater Pimpinel'la; Tragoseli'nvm mag- 
num seu majus, Dancus, Cyan'opus, (F.) Boucago 
majeur. The root has been extolled as PIMPLE 
- 
and resolvent, as well as in erysipelatous ulcera- 
tions. tinea capitis, rheumatism, <tc. 
Pimpinella Major, P. magna-p. Nigra, P. 
magna-p. Nostras, P. saxifraga-p. Officinalis, 
Sanguisorba officinalis-p. Rubra, P. magna. 
Pimpinella Saxif'raga, Sax'ifrage, Burnet 
sax'ifrage, Pote'rium sanguisor'ba, Sorbastrel'la, 
Tragoseli'nwn, T.saxif'raga,Pimpinel'la hirci'na 
seu umbellif'era seu alba seu nostras, (F.) Bou- 
cage mineur, Petit B., Pimprenelle. The root has 
an unpleasant smell, and hot, pungent, bitterish 
taste. It has been recommended as a stomachic; 
and as a stimulating gargle in paralysis of the 
tongue. 
Pimpinella Umbellifera, P. saxifraga. 
PIMPLE, Papula. 
PIMPLED, Papulose. 
PIMPRENELLE, Pimpinella saxifraga-p. 
Noire, Sanguisorba officinalis. 
PIN. Perhaps from pennum, low Latin; or 
from spina; Spina fer'rea, Acus capita'ta, (F.) 
Epingle. An iron or brass instrument, generally 
of a small size, pointed at one extremity, and 
having a head at the other. It is used, in Sur- 
gery, to fix rollers and dressings; and occasion- 
ally in sutures. 
PIN A PIGNON, see Pinus picea. 
PINASTELLUM, Peucedanum. 
PINASTER, Pinus sylvestris. 
PINCE, Pinched. 
PINCE LITHODRASSIQUE, see Litho- 
drassic. x 
PINCEE, Pugillus. 
PINCERS, Forceps. 
PINCETTES, Forceps. 
PINCHED, Contrac'tus, (F.) Pince, Grippe. 
An epithet applied to the face, when the features 
are contracted or shrunken; as in violent abdo- 
minal affections, or during intense pain. 
PINCKNE'YA PUBENS, P. Pubes'cens, 
Georgia Baric, Bitter Bark, Florida Bark, Fever 
tree. This bark has been used in Georgia in the 
cure of intermittents, and successfully. It is a 
powerful bitter. Dose of the powder, Zj. 
PINDARS, Arachis Hypogea. 
PINE APPLE, Bromelia ananas - p. Apher- 
nousli, Pinus cembra - p. Ground, Lycopodium 
complanatum-p. Ground, stinking, Camphoros- 
ma Monspeliaca-p. Mountain, see Pinos mughos 
-p. Mugho, see Pinus mughos - p. Sap, Ameri- 
can, Hypopitys lanuginosa-p. Stone, Pinus pi- 
nea-p. Sugar, see Arrow Root. 
PINEA, Pinus pinea. 
PINE'AL, Pinea'lis, from pinus, 'a pine.' 
That which resembles a pine-apple. 
Pineal Gland, Glandula pinea'lis, Cerebral 
epiph'ysis, Cona'rium, Conoi'des corpus, Penis 
cer'ebri, Corpus turbina'tum, Virga seu Turbo 
cer'ebri, is a small body, of a conical shape; pale 
red or grayish colour; and soft consistence; situ- 
ate between the fornix and the tubercula quadri- 
gemina. It almost always contains sabulous par- 
ticles, Sab'ulum cona'rii ; when these are grouped 
together over the base of the gland, they form 
the Acer'vulus Cer'ebri of Sommering, A. seu 
Lapil'li glan'dulce pinea'lis. From its anterior 
part arise two medullary striae, which proceed 
over the posterior commissure; coast along the 
optie. chaiami, and unite at the anterior pillar of 
ths fornix,-the habe'nce or reins of the pineal 
gland. 
The uses of the pineal gland are unknown. 
Descartes supposed it to be the seat of the soul! 
PINEI, see Pinus pinea. 
PINEOLI, see Pinus pinea. 
P1NEUS PURGANS, Jatropha curcas. 
PTNGUEC'ULA, Pteryg'ium pingue seu lar- 
676 
PINTS 
da'ceum, from pinguis, 'fat.' 'fatty.' A small, 
whitish-yellow tumour in the sclerotic conjunc- 
tiva and subjacent areolar tissue, close to the 
margin of the cornea on its nasal or temporal 
side; so called from its being supposed, but erro- 
neously, to be of a fatty nature. 
PINGUE'DO, Fat-p. Renalis, Nephridion. 
PINGUIC'ULA VULGA'RIS, P. alpi'na, Sa- 
nic'ula monta'na, S. Eboracen' sis, Vi'ola palut'- 
trie, Dodecath'eon Plin'ii, Butter-wort, Yorkshire 
San'icle. Family, Personnel. Sex. Syst. Dian- 
dria Monogynia. The unetuosity of this plant 
has caused it to be applied to ehaps, and as a po- 
matum to the hair. Decoctions of the leaves, in 
broths, are used by the common people in Wales 
as a cathartic. 
PINGUID, Fatty. 
PINGUIDINOUS, Fatty. 
PINGUIN, Bromelia pinguin. 
PINGUITUDO, Polysarcia adiposa. 
PINHOLE PUPIL, see Pupil, pinhole. 
PINHONES INDICI, Jatropha curcas. 
PINK, CAROLINA, Spigelia Marilandiea. 
Pink Dye. Stripped safflower, !Jj, aufccarft. of 
potass. gr. xviij, spirit of wine gvij ; digest for 
two hours ; add dietilled water : digest for two 
hours more, and add distilled vinegar or lemon 
juice q. s., to reduce it to a fine rose-colour. Used 
as a cosmetic. 
Pink, Ground, Silene Virginica - p. Indian, 
Spigelia Marilandiea-'p. Wild, Silene Virginica. 
PINNA, Ala, Pavilion of the ear-p. Marina, 
see Bissus. 
PINNACULUM FORNICIS GUTTURALIS, 
Uvula. 
PINNA3 HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver - p. 
Naris, see Nasus. 
PINNULA, Aileron. 
PINNULT HEPATIS, Lobes of the liver. 
PINO'LI. (S.) A preparation used for subsist- 
ence on long journeys in the West. It is parched 
corn, beaten or ground very fine, and sweetened 
with sugar, to be used with water, and drunk on 
the march. It is the cold flour of the Indians, 
and early Western pioneers. 
TREE, Castiliognia lobata. 
PINUS A'BIES, P. exce'lsa seu picea, A'bies, 
Abies rubra seu excelsa seu picea, El'ate thelei'a, 
Pice'a, Norway Spruce Fir, Yew-leaved Fir. 
Nat. Ord. Coniferae. Sex. Syst. Moncecia Mona- 
delphia. The tops are used in making Spruce 
Beer. 
Essence of Spruce, Essen'tia Abie'tis, is a fluid 
extract, prepared by decoction from the twigs of 
this species of fir. From this is made Spruce 
Beer. 
This fir affords the Burgundy pitch and com- 
mon frankincense. 1. Bur'gundy Pitch, White 
pitch, Pix Burgun' dica, Fix alba, Besi'na abie'- 
tis hu'mida, Besi'na alba humida, Pint abie'tis 
resina sponte concre'ta, Pix ar'ida, Pix abieti'na, 
P. abietis (Ph. U. S.,) (F.) Poix blanche, Poix 
grasse, P. jaune, P. de Bourgogne. This pre- 
pared concrete juice is of a close consistence, 
rather soft, of a reddish-brown colour, and not 
unpleasant smell. It is very adhesive to the 
skin ; and, consequently, forms excellent plasters 
for remaining upon the part for some time; - as 
in eases of affections of the chest. 2. Abie'tis 
Besi'na, (Ph. L. since 1809.) Thus, Common 
Frankincense, Perrosin, Thus foemini'num, T. 
vulga're, Olib'anum vulgare seu sylves'tre, Betinn 
abietis sicca, Besin of the Spruce Fir. It is 
solid, dry, brittle ; externally, brownish-yellow ; 
internally, whitish. Used in plasters like the 
last. 
Pinus Abies, see P. picea-p. Alba, P. picea. 
Pinus Balsame'a, A'bies balsame'a seu bal- PINUS 
samif'era, Peu'cea balsame'a. The tree which 
affords the Canada Balsam, Balsamum Cana- 
den'se seu de Can' ada, Resina strobili' na, Tere- 
binth'ina Canaden' sis, Pini balsame'a, Canada 
Turpentine or Balsam, Balaam of Fir, (F.) Baume 
de Canada, is one of the purest turpentines. It 
has the common properties of those substances. 
Pinus Canaden'sis, Abies Canaden'sis, Hem- 
lock Spruce. A tree, which is abundant in Ca- 
nada, Nova Scotia, and the more northern parts 
of New England, and is found in the elevated 
and mountainous regions of the Middle States. 
The pitch-Pix Canadensis, Canada Pitch, Hem- 
lock Pitch-obtained from it is commonly known 
under the name Hemlock Gum. 
Pinus Candicans, P. Picea. 
Pinus Cembra, P. Monta'na, Aphernous'li 
Pine. It yields an agreeably scented turpen- 
tine:- the Carpathian Balsam, Bal'samum Car- 
path'icum, B. Lib'ani, Carpath'icum, Brianqon 
Tur'pentine. The nuts, Cembro nuts, Nu'dei Cem- 
brce, have an eatable kernel, and yield oil. The 
shoots yield Riga Balsam by distillation. 
Pinus Damar'ra, Ag'athis Damarra, grows in 
the East India Islands. The juice speedily con- 
cretes into a very hard resin,-the Damarra tur- 
pentine. 
Pinus Excels a, P. abies-p. Gallica, P. picea. 
Pinus Larix A'bies larix, Larix, L. commu'- 
nis seu decid'ua seu Europce'a seu pyramida'lis. 
The Larch, (F.) Meleze. From this tree exudes 
Or'emberg gum, Bri'anfon manna, Gummi lar'icis 
seu Oremburgen'se seu Uralen'se, Manna Brigan- 
ti'na seu larice'a. It also yields, by boring, Com- 
mon Venice Turpentine, Resina Lar'icis, Terebin- 
thina Ven'eta seu larici'na, Pini Lar'icis resi'na 
liq'uida, (F.) Terebenthine de Venise, M. de Me- 
leze. It is usually thinner than the other sorts 
of turpentine. 
Pinus Mughos. The Mountain or Mugho Pine, 
Pinus Pumil'io. From the extremities of the 
branches exudes the Resina Strobili'na, of the 
Germans, or Hungarian Balsam. It is also ob- 
tained, by expression, from the cones. By dis- 
tillation, the Hungarian balsam affords the Krum- 
holz oil, Oleum Templinum. 
Pinus Palustris, see Pinus sylvestris. 
Pinus Pice'a, P. Abies, A'bies, A. pice'a 
seu pectina'ta seu Gal'lica seu alba seu can'di- 
cans seu vulga'ris seu taxifo'lia, European Sil- 
ver Fir Tree, El'ate, (F.) Sapin commits. By 
piercing the tubercles of the bark of this fir, the 
Strasburg Turpentine is obtained: - the Resi'na 
Abie'tis, (Ph. L. before 1809,) Oleum Abietis, Te- 
rebinth'ina Argentoraten'sis. 
Pinus Pinaster, see P. sylvestris. 
Pinus Pi'nea, Stone Pine, Pinea, Pinus, P. 
uber'rima seu sati'va. The nuts, Zirbel nuts, 
Pine nuts, Nu'dei Pi'nea, Pinei, Pine'oli, (F.) 
Pin d pignons, are eaten raw, or preserved like 
almonds. They are, also, used in emulsions. 
Pinus Pumilio, see Pinus Mughos-p. Sativa, 
P. pinea. 
Pinus Sylves'tris, Pinas'ter, Peuce, Scotch 
Fir. This pine, as well as P. marit'ima, (P. 
Pinaster) and other species of Pinus, affords 
common turpentine and its oil, resin, tar, and 
pitch. 1. Common Turpentine of Europe, Tere- 
binth' ina, T. vulga'ris, T. eommu'nis, Resina pini, 
Bijon, Horse Turpentine, Bordeaux Turpentine, 
(F.) Terebinthine de Bordeaux, Terebinthine com- 
mune, is obtained by wounding the tree in hot 
weather. It is used, chiefly, as a dressing for 
wounds, &c., in horses, and for the distillation of 
the oil, (see Oleum Terebinthinas.) The white 
Turpentine, or common Turpentine of America- 
Terebinth'ina, Ph. U. S. - is produced chiefly 
from Pinus palustris and P. tada, and perhaps 
677 
PIPER 
from other species inhabiting the Southern 
States. When the oil is distilled with water, 
yellow resin, or Rosin, (Resi'na, Ph. U. S.)-7?e- 
sina flava-is left, which is only used in the form- 
ation of ointments and plasters: if without the 
addition of water, the residuum is common resin 
or Colophony. 2. When the cold begins to check 
the exudation of the common turpentine, part of 
it concretes in the wounds. This is called, in 
France, Gallipot, Barras; and IVAi'te Rosin, Re- 
sina alba, when hardened after long exposure to 
the air. 3. When the old trees are subjected to 
distillation, in a coarse manner, Tar is obtained 
- Hygropissos, Pissa, Pix ce'dria, Resi'na pini 
empyreumat'ica liq'uida, Terebinth'ina empyreu- 
mat'ica, Alchitram, Alchitu'ra, Cedria, Pix li- 
quida, (F.) Goudron, Brai liquide. Tar water, 
Aqua Picea, A. Picis, Infu'sum Picis liq'uida 
seu Picis empyreumatica liquida, Po'tio pice'a, 
(F.) Eau de Goudron, was, at one time, a fa- 
shionable remedy in numerous complaints, and 
its use has been revived, since its virtues have 
been presumed to be owing to creasote. It is 
employed chiefly in pulmonary affections, and 
the vapour has been recommended in phthisis 
and other diseases of the lungs. It is used ex- 
ternally as a detergent. 4. Common Pitch, Pix 
nigra, Black Pitch, Burnea, Burnia, Stone Pitch, 
Pix sicca, P. atra, P. nava'lis, Topissa, Palim- 
jtis'sa, P. ar'ida (Ph. L. before 1809), (F.) Poix 
navale, P. noire, is obtained by inspissating tar. 
It is used only as a resolvent in plasters. 
Pinus Tajda, see P. sylvestris - p. Taxifolia, 
P. picea - p. Uberrima, Pinus pinea-p. Vulga- 
ris, P. picea. 
PIONE, Paeonia. 
PIONY, Ptnonia. 
PIORT11OPNCEA, Pimelorthopnoea. 
PIOULQUES, (F.) A kind of sucking-pump, 
invented by Louis, for extracting water that had 
entered internal cavities, in cases of drowning. 
A useless instrument. 
PIPE-PLANT, Monotropa uniflora. 
PIPER, see Piper nigrum. 
Piper Album Leucopiper, White Pepper, is 
black pepper freed from its cuticle. 
Piper Augustifolium, Matico-p.Aromaticum, 
P. nigrum-p. Betel, Betel-p. Brazilianum,Capsi- 
cum annuum-p. Calecuticum, Capsicum annuum. 
Piper Capen'se, a South African species, has 
all the properties of the peppers, and, in appear- 
ance and taste, greatly resembles cubebs. It 
possesses, too, similar virtues. 
Piper Caryophyllatum, see Myrtus pimenta 
-p. Caudatum, P. cubeba-p. Chiapa), see Myr- 
tus pimenta. 
Piper Cubeb'a, Per'sea cubeba, Lauras cubeba, 
Litsaa cubeba seu piperi'ta. A native of Java 
and Guinea. The odour of these berries - Cu- 
beba, Com'peper, Compeba, Cubal sini, Piper cau- 
da'tum, Bacca Pipsris glabri, Cubeb Pepper, 
Tailed Pepper, Cuma'mus, (F.) Poivre-d-queue, 
Quabebe - is aromatic ; taste at first cooling, af- 
terwards pungent. The active principle is an 
essential oil - Oleum Cubeba, oil of cubebs - 
which is officinal in the Pharm. U. S. The pro- 
perties of the cubeb are stimulant and purgative. 
It is used only in gonorrhoea, Dose, from to 
£j, in powder, three or four times a day; of the 
volatile oil, 10 or 12 drops. 
'Turkey yellow berries,'-the dried fruit of the 
Rhamnus Catharticus - are often substituted for 
cubebs. 
Piper Guineense, Capsicum annuum-p. His- 
panicum, Capsicum-p. Indicum, Capsicum an- 
nuum-p. Jamaicense, see Myrtus pimenta. 
Piper Longum, Macrop'iper, Acapat'li, Catu- 
trip'ali, Pim'pilim, Long Pepper, (F.) Puivrs PIPERINA 
long. As we receive the berries, they consist of 
the unripe fruit dried in the sun; and are small, 
round grains, dis J osed spirally on a cylindrical 
receptacle. They are stimulant, carminative, and 
tonic, like the other peppers. Dose, gr. v to 
Piper Lusitanicum, Capsicum annuum - p. 
Murale, Sedum. 
Piper Methisticum, see Ava. 
Piper Nigrum, Melanop'iper, Molagoco'di, 
Lada, Piper aromat'icum, Piper (Ph. U. S.), 
Black Pepper, (F.) Poicre noir. Black pepper 
is the unripe fruit dried in the sun. Vtrtuee, 
same as those of the other peppers. 
Piper Odoratum Jamaicense, see Myrtus 
pimenta-p. Tabascum, see Myrtus pimenta-p. 
Turcicum, Capsicum annuum. 
PIPERI'NA, Piperi'num, Pip'erine, Piperin. 
A resinoid substance, obtained from the piper 
nigrum by M. CErstadt, in which a part of the 
virtues of the pepper resides. It has been em- 
ployed, like the quinia, in intermittents, and suc- 
cessfully. 
PIP'EROID, Piperoi'dum, Zingib'erin. A 
yellow syrupy mass obtained by exhausting gin- 
ger root by ether. It is soluble in ether, alcohol, 
and oils, and may be given in tincture, sugar, 
lozenge, or syrup, in cases where ginger is indi- 
cated. 
PIPEROPAS'TUS; from wrtp«, 'pepper,' and 
iraaaciv, 'to strew.' Strewed with pepper,-socks, 
for example, where it is desirable to excite the 
surface of the feet. 
PIPETTE. 'A small pipe.' In Pharmacy, a 
small tube terminating in a perforated point, 
which is passed into a liquid to be removed, 
from the surface of a precipitate, for example. 
The liquid is drawn into the tube by applying 
the mouth to the free extremity. 
PIPIN'NA, Men'tula parva. A small penis. 
PIPPERIDGE BUSH, see Oxycantha Galeni. 
PIPSISSEWA, Pyrola umbellata-p. Spotted, 
Pyrola maculata-p. White, Pyrola maculata. 
PIPTONYCHIA, Onychoptosis. 
PIQUETE, see Sablt. 
P1QU11E, Puncture, Wound, punctured. 
PISA, (CLIMATE OF.) Pisa has long been 
celebrated as one of the most favourable climates 
in Italy for the consumptive. It is genial, but 
somewhat oppressive and damp. It is softer than 
that of Nice, but not so warm; less soft, but less 
oppressive than that of Rome. 
PISCIARELLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
A spring at Monte Secco, in Italy, between Lake 
Agnano and Solfatara. Itis thermal (100° Fahr.), 
sulphureous, and carbonated, and is chiefly used 
in old ulcers, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, and 
in cutaneous affections. 
PISCID'IA ERYTHRI'NA, Jamaica Dog- 
wood. A small branching tree, common in most 
of the West India Islands; - Diadelphia Decan- 
dria of Linnaeus. It is used in the West Indies 
to poison fish. It appears to be an acro-narcotic, 
and has been used in the form of a tincture of the 
bark of the root in toothach. 
PISCINA, Baignoire. 
PISCIV'OROUS, Pieciv'orue, Ichthyoph'agoue, 
Ichtkyoph'agile, from piecie, 'a fish,' and voro, 'I 
eat.' Feeding or subsisting on fish. 
PIS'IFORM, Pisiform,'is, from pisum, 'a pea,' 
and forma, 'shape.' 
PISIFORM'S), OS, Oe lenticula're, Oe orbicu- 
la're, Oe extra or'dinem carpi, (F.) Oe hors du 
rang, is the fourth bone of the first row of the 
carpus. It is round, and gives attachment to the 
tendon of the cubitalis anterior, and to the ante- 
rior transverse ligament of the carpus. It is arti- 
culated, behind, with the os cuneiforme. 
678 
•. PIT 
PISO, Mortar. 
PISSA, see Pinus sylvestris. 
PISSASPIIAL'TUS, Pissasphal'tum, Mineral 
Pitch, from riaaa, ' pitch/ and aa<pa\ro;, ' bitu- 
men.' (F.) Poix minerals. A thicker kind of 
Petroleum or Rock oil; formerly employed as a 
vulnerary. It is synonymous with Glu'tinous 
bitu'men, Malta bitu'men, and Mineral tar. 
PISSELzE'UM, Oleum Pici'num, from riaaa, 
'pitch/ and eXaiov, 'oil.' An oily matter ob- 
tained from boiling pitch, and used for the same 
purposes as tar. 
Pisselasum Indicum, Petroleum. 
PISSEMENT DE SANG, Haematuria. 
PISSENLIT, Leontodon taraxacum. 
PISSE'ROS, from itiaaa, 'pitch.' Ancient 
name of a cerate, prepared of olive oil, oil of 
roses, and dried pitch. It was, also, called Cera'- 
tum pica'tum, and C. tetraphar'macum.- Hippo- 
crates. 
PISSI'TES, Vinum pica'tum. Same etymon. 
A wine prepared from tar and the must of the 
grape. It was regarded to be stomachic. 
PISSOSIS, Malacia. 
PISSWEED, Anthemis cotula. 
PISTACHIO NUTS, see Arachis hypogea, 
Pistacia vera. 
PISTACIA CHIA, P. lentiscus. 
Pista'cia Lentis'cVS, P. Chia, Terebin'thus 
lentiscus, Lentiscus vulga'ris; the Mastich Tree. 
Family, Terebinthaceae. The wood of this tree 
abounds with the resinous principles of mastich ; 
and a tincture made from it has been used in the 
cure of dyspeptic affections, gout, and dysentery. 
It yields, by incision, the resin Mastich, Resi'na 
Lentisci'na, Men'frige, Masti'che, Mastix, Pista- 
cice Lentis'ci Resi'na. This resin has an agreea- 
ble smell when heated: is almost insipid; in 
globular, irregular, yellowish, semi-transparent 
masses ; soluble in ether; partially so in alcohol. 
It is stimulant, and has been used in old coughs, 
and gleet, and is chewed to sweeten the breath. 
It is sometimes, also, employed, to stop holes in 
carious teeth. 
Pistacia Narbonensis, P. lentiscus - p. Reti- 
culata, P. lentiscus. 
Pistacia Terebin'thus, P. Narbonen'sis sen 
reticula'ta seu vera, Turpentine Tree, Hab-el-Ka- 
hmbat, Terebinthus vulga'ris, Terminthos. The 
tree which affords the Cyprus Turpentine, Resi'- 
na Terebin'thi, Terebinth' ina vera, T. Chia, T. 
Cyp'ria, (F.) TerCbinthine de Ohio. This sub- 
stance is classed amongst the resins. It is pro- 
cured by wounding the bark of the trunk. The 
best Chio turpentine is of about the consistence 
of honey ; very tenacious, .clear, and almost 
transparent; of a white colour inclining to yel- 
low, and of a fragrant smell; moderately warm 
to the taste, but free from acrimony and bitter- 
ness. It resembles in virtues the other turpen- 
tines. 
Pistacia Vera. Name of the tree which 
affords the Nux Pistacia. Pista'chio nuts have 
a sweetish, unctuous taste, resembling that of 
sweet almonds. Like these, they afford an oil, 
and may be formed into an emulsion. 
PISTILLUM, Pilum. 
PISTOLOCHIA, Aristolochia pistolochia. 
PISTORIENSIS GLADIUS, Bistouri. 
PISUM, Pisum sati'vum, Pea, Garden pea, 
(F.) Pois, P. cultivt. The seeds of the pea, 
Fam. Leguminosae, Sex. Syst. Diadelphia decan- 
dria, are much employed as an aliment, both in 
the fresh and dried state. They are farinaceous, 
and, when dried, not easy of digestion. 
PIT, Pock mark-p. of the Stomach, Fossette 
de coeur. PITAYA 
PITAY'A BARK. This bark is preferred in 
Colombia to any other. It contains a new vege- 
table alkali, to which the name Pikryine has 
been given. 
PITAYINE, see Pitaya bark. 
PITCAITIILEY, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These saline springs, at Pitcaithley, about four 
miles from Perth, Scotland, contain chlorides of 
sodium and calcium. 
PITCH, Colophonia-p. Black, see Pinus syl- 
vestris - p. Burgundy, see Pinus abies - p. Ca- 
nada, see Pinus Canadensis. 
Pitch Cap, see Depilatory. 
Pitch, Common, Pinus sylvestris-p. Hemlock, 
see Pinus Canadensis - p. Jew's, Asphaltum - p. 
Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
Pitch Plaster, see Depilatory, Emplastrum 
picis. 
Pitch, Stone, see Pinus sylvestris - p. White, 
see Pinus abies. 
PITIIYRIASIS, Pityriasis. 
PITHYRINUS, Acerosus, Furfuraceous. 
PITTA'CIUM. A pitch plaster, from irirra, 
'pitch.' 
PITTING, Pock mark. 
PITTOSIS, Malacia. 
PITTO'TA. Medicines in which pitch is the 
chief ingredient. 
PITTSBURG, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
chalybeate mineral spring, situate about four 
miles south-west of Pittsburg, in Pennsylvania. 
It contains chloride of sodium, chloride of mag- 
nesium, oxide of iron, sulphate of lime, and car- 
bonic acid. 
PITUITA, Mucus, Phlegm-p. Narium, Nasal 
mucus. 
PITU'ITARY, Pituita'rius, from pituita, 
' phlegm.' Concerned in the secretion of mucus 
or phlegm. A name given to several parts. 
Pituitary Body, P. Gland. 
Pituitary Fossa, Fossa Pituita'ria. A de- 
pression on the cerebral surface of the sphenoid 
bone, which lodges the pituitary gland. It is 
called, on account of its shape, Sella Turc"ica, 
Hphip'pium. Chaussier calls it Fossa supra- 
sphenoida'lis, from its situation. 
Pitu'itary Gland, Glan'dula Pituito'sa vel 
pituita'ria, Glandula basila'ris, Lacu'na vel Ap- 
pendic'ula cer'ebri, Hypoph'ysis seu Appendix 
cer'ebri, Pituitary body, Corpus pituita're; - 
Appendice sus-spheno'idale du cerveau, (Ch.) A 
small, round body; the anterior portion of which 
is of a cineritious yellow hue, and the posterior, 
■which is smaller, is whitish and pulpy. Its func- 
tions are unknown. 
Pituitary Membrane, Schneide'rian Mem- 
brane, Membra'na pituita'ria, M. olfacto'ria. 
The mucous membrane which lines the nasal 
fossae, and extends to the different cavities com- 
municating with the nose. In the nasal fossae, 
the membrane appears formed of two layers, in- 
timately united; - the one in contact with the 
bone is fibrous:-the other is free at one surface. 
The latter is a mucous membrane, on which pa- 
pilla; are not easily distinguishable, but which 
contains them, as well as a number of very small 
mucous follicles, that open into the cavity of the 
nares. On penetrating the maxillary, frontal, 
sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses, the membrane 
becomes very thin, transparent, less vascular, 
and seems reduced to its mucous layer. The 
pituitary membrane receives the impression of 
odours, by means of the expansion of the olfac- 
tory nerves upon it. It is the seat of smell. 
PITU'ITOUS, Pituito'sus; from pituita, mu- 
cus or phlegm. Consisting of, or resembling, or 
full of mucus or phlegm. 
PITYRI'ASIS, from n-irvpov, 'bran;' Lepido'- 
sis Pityriasis, Pityris'ma, Pithyri'asis, Herpes 
679 
PLACENTA 
fvrfttra'ceiu, H. farino'sus, Porri'go (of some,) 
Tin'ea furfura'eea, T. porrigino'sa, Furfura'tio, 
Furfuris'ca, Dandriff, Dandruff, (F.) Teigne, 
Dartre, Dartre furftirade volante ; - a very su- 
perficial affection; characterized by irregular 
patches of thin scales, which repeatedly exfoliate 
and recur; but which never form crusts, or are ac ■ 
companied with excoriations. It is not contagious. 
It occurs under three or four varieties of form. 
Pityriasis, Porrigo - p. Nigra, Melasma-p. 
Versicolor, Chloasma. 
PITYRISMA, Pityriasis. 
PITYROIDES, Furfuraceus. 
P1TYR0N, Furfur. 
PIVOINE, Paeonia. 
PIV'OTING. In dentistry, an operation, 
which consists in fastening in a new crown upon 
the root of a tooth by means of a piece of gold 
wire, called ' a pivot.' 
PIN, Sperm - p. Abietina see Pinus abies - 
p. Abietis, see Pinus abies - p. Alba, see Pinus 
abies-p. Arida see Pinus abies, and Pinus syl- 
vestris-p. Atra, see Pinus sylvestris-p. Brutia, 
Brutia-p. Burgundica, see Pinus abies-p. Ca- 
nadensis, see Pinus Canadensis - p. Cedria, see 
Pinus sylvestris - p. Graeca, Colophonia - p. Li- 
quida, see Pinus sylvestris-p. Navalis, see Pinus 
sylvestris - p. Nigra, see Pinus sylvestris - p. 
Sicca, see Pinus sylvestris. 
PLACE'BO, 'I will please.' A medicine, pre- 
scribed rather to satisfy the patient than with 
any expectation of its effecting a cure. 
PLACEN'TA. A Latin word, signifying a 
Cake. P. uteri seu uteri'na seu uteri car'nea, 
Hepar seu Jecur uteri'num, Caro seu Affu'sio or- 
bicularis, Maza. A soft, spongy, vascular body, 
adherent to the uterus, and connected with the 
foetus by the umbilical cord. It is not in exist- 
ence during the first period of the embryo state, 
but its formation commences perhaps with the 
arrival of the embryo in the uterus. It is gene- 
rally considered to have two portions, one foetal, 
and the other maternal. The foetal consists of 
highly vascular villi and tufts, which contain the 
inosculating loops of the umbilical arteries and 
umbilical vein of the foetus. The maternal por- 
tion is considered by Dr. Reid to consist, essen- 
tially, of a large sac formed by the inner coat of 
the vascular system of the mother, into which 
the maternal blood is poured by the curling arte- 
ries of the uterus, and from whieh it is returned 
by the utero-placental veins. The tufts and villi 
of the foetal placenta are ensheathed by this inner 
coat of the maternal vascular system; and, ac- 
cording to Prof. Goodsir, two distinct sets of nu- 
cleated cells-one maternal and the other foetal- 
separate the maternal and foetal portions where 
they come in contact, one set of which are pro- 
bably, he thinks, concerned in the separation of 
nutritive matter from the maternal blood, and 
the other destined to convey it into the vessels 
of the foetus. The placenta is formed of several 
lobes or cotyledons, whieh can be readily distin- 
guished from each other on the uterine surface ; 
but towards the foetal surface are confounded into 
one mass. It is composed of the umbilical ves- 
sels, areolar tissue, and whitish, resisting filiv- 
ments, which are vascular ramifications oblite- 
rated. Lymphatic vessels have also been pre- 
sumed to exist in it; and nerves have been 
traced, proceeding from the great sympathetic of 
the foetus. 
The main function of the placenta appears to 
be like that of the lungs in the adult. It admits 
of the blood of the foetus being shown to that of 
the mother, and undergoing requisite changes. 
It may, also, be an organ for nutritive absorp- 
tion, as observed above. 
Placen'ta Cruoris, see Blood -j>. Febrilis. PLACENTAL 
Ague cake - p. Oblata, P. prsevia- p. Obvia, P. 
praevia. 
Placen'ta Pra/via, (from prce, 'before,' and 
via, ' way,') P. ob'via, P. obla'ta. Presentation of 
the placenta; a condition which gives rise to un- 
avoidable hemorrhage from the uterus. The safety 
of the female depends upon speedy delivery. 
Placenta Sanguinis, see Blood - p. Uteri 
Succenturiata, Decidua. 
PLACEN'TAL, Placenta'lis. Relating, or ap- 
pertaining to, the placenta. 
PLACENTI'TIS, Placunti'tis, Placo'i'tis, In- 
jlamina'tio placen'ta. A hybrid word - from 
placenta, and itis, a suffix denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the placenta. 
PLACEN'TULA, 'a little cake.' A rudimental 
placenta. The placenta of an abortion. 
PLACOITIS, Placentitis. 
PLACUNTITIS, Placentitis. 
PLADAROMA, Pladarosis. 
PLADARO'SIS, Pladaro'ma, Pladar'otes, 
from, irXaiapoj, ' soft.' A soft tumour on the eye- 
lid, unaccompanied with redness or pain. 
PLADAROTES, Pladarosis. 
PLAFOND DES VENTRICULES DU 
CEli VEA U, Corpus callosum. 
PLAGA, Ictus, Wound. 
PLAGIOBOL'IA, Planobol'ia, from -cXagios, 
'to one side,' and flaWuv, 'to throw.' Imperfect 
emission of sperm into the vagina. Emission to 
one side; sometimes practised to render impreg- 
nation less probable. 
PLAGUE, from rrAi/yi?, plaga, 'a stroke.' Pes- 
tis, P. orienta'lis, P. bubona'ria orientalis seu 
inguina'ria, P. contagio'sa, P. acutiss' ima, P. 
sep'tica, P. Glandulo'sa, P. Ade'no-septica, P. 
inguinaria, Pestil'itas, Ephem'era pestilentia'lis, 
E. mortif'era, Lues inguina'ria, Clades glandu- 
la'ria, Phthora, Pestilen'tia, Lues, Loimos, Febris 
ade'no-nervo'sa, Loemos, Lceme, Loe'mia, Lcemop'- 
yra, Chaosda, Anthra'cia Pestis, Anthracotyphus, 
Febris pes'tilens, Syn'ochus pestilentia'lis, Typhus 
pestis, T. pestilentia'lis, T. gravis'simus, T. an- 
thra'cicus, T. Bubon'icus, Exanthe'ma pestis, the 
Pest, Levant plague, Septic or glan'dular pes'ti- 
lence, (F.) Peste, Typhus d'Orient, Fiivre du Le- 
vant. An eminently malignant disease; endemic 
in the Levant; frequently epidemic, and destroy- 
ing at least two-thirds of those it attacks. It is 
a fever of the most aggravated kind, with affec- 
tion of the lymphatic glands of the groin or 
axillae, and carbuncles. Its miasmata - it has 
been conceived-adhere to different organic tex- 
tures, to woollen goods, clothing and furniture; 
and may thus be transported to a considerable 
distance; but this is not certain. The mean du- 
ration of the disease is six or seven days; some 
die in twenty-four hours, others not till ten or 
twelve days. Pathological anatomy has afforded 
little light with respect to it. Various means 
have been used for arresting it, but none have 
seemed to be pre-eminently distinguished. The 
gtaat point is, to watch the indications as they 
develop themselves; and to treat the case, in 
general, like one of typhus gravior. It is uni- 
versally agreed that the suppuration of the bu- 
boes should be aided as far as practicable. For 
preventing the importation and spread of the 
plague, the Quar'antine Laws have been insti- 
tuted ; and when the disease has actually ap- 
peared, a cordon sanitaire has been drawn round 
the infected district, so as to prevent all commu- 
nication. 
Plague, Cold. A severe form of congestive 
fever, seen in the Southern States. Bilious pneu- 
monia, in which there is no reaction, has been, 
also, so called. 
680 
PLANTAR 
Plague Mark, Plague token. 
Plague, Pali. A malignant fever, greatly 
resembling Plague, which prevailed in Rajpoo- 
tana after July, 1836. 
Plague Spot, Plague token. 
Plague Token, Plague mark, Plague spot. 
A mark by which one struck with the phigue was 
known. Perhaps the early stage of carbuncle in 
unfavourable cases. It is described as a small 
tubercle-Bossa- somewhat resembling a wart, 
callous and more or less deficient in sensibility, 
varying in size from that of a millet-seed to that 
of a bean. 
PLAGULA, Compress, Pledget, Splint. 
PLA1E, Wound-p. d'Arnie d feu, Wound, 
gunshot-p. d'Arquebusade, Wound, gunshot - 
p. Contuse, Wound, contused-p. Envenvmie, 
Wound, poisoned-p. par Arrachement, Wound, 
lacerated-p. d Lambeaux, see Flap. 
PLANANTHUS FASTIGATUS, Lycopodium 
selago - p. Selago, Lycopodium selago. 
PLANARIA LATIUSCULA, Distoma hepa- 
ticum. 
PLANCHER (F.), 'floor.' In anatomy, the 
inferior wall or boundary of a cavity. 
PLANCHER DU CERVEAU, Tentorium. 
PLANCUS, Leiopus. 
PLANE, Plexus - p. Mesial, see Mesial. 
PLANET-STRUCK, see Sideratio. 
PLANE'TES, Plane'ticus, Flan'icus, Erra- 
bun'dus, Errat'ic. An epithet given to diseases, 
whose returns are irregular - especially to inter- 
mittent fever; Planetes Febris, F. Errat'ica, F. 
Erro'nea, F. Vaga. 
PLANETICA ARTHRITIS, Gout, wander- 
ing. 
PLANICUS, Planetes. 
PLANIPEDES, Steganopodes. 
PLANITIES PEDIS, Sole. 
PLANOBOLIA, Plagiobolia. 
PLANTA NOCTIS, Hydroa, Sudamina - p. 
Pedis, Sole - p. Prima pedis, Tarsus. 
PLANTA'GO, P. Major, Centiner'via, Arno- 
glos'sum, Septiner'via, Polyneu'ron, Heptapleu'- 
ron, Planta'go latifo'lia seu major seu ■vulga'ris, 
(F.) Plantain commun. Family, Plantagineae. 
Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogynia. The leaves 
have been said to be refrigerant, attenuant, sub- 
styptic, and diuretic. 
Plantago Aquatica, Alisma plantago. 
Plantago Cokon'opus, Coronopo'dium, Cornu 
cervi 'num, Stella terra, Plantago, Buckthorn 
Plantain, Properties like the last. 
Plantago Nitida, P. psyllium. 
Plantago Psyl'lium, P. nit'ida, Psyl'lium, P. 
erec'turn, Pulica'ris herba, Crystal'lion, Cyno- 
moi'a, Branching Plantain, Fleawort, (F.) Herbe 
aux puces commune. The seeds have a nauseous, 
mucilaginous taste, and no remarkable smell. 
The decoction of the seeds is recommended in 
hoarseness and roughness of the fauces. 
Plantago Vulgaris, Plantago. 
PLANTAIN, BRANCHING, Plantago psyl- 
lium- p. Buckshorn, Plantago coronopus-p. 
Commun, Plantago-p. d'Eau, Alisma plantago 
-p. Rattlesnake, Goodyera pubsescens-p. Ro- 
bin's, Erigeron bellidifolium-p. Tree, Musa pa- 
radisiaca - p. Water, Alisma plantago, Unisema 
deltifolia. 
PLANTAIRE, Plantar muscle-p. Grele, 
Plantar muscle. 
PLANTAR, Planta'ris, from planta, 'the sole 
of the foot.' That which relates or belongs to 
the sole of the foot. This name has been given 
to several parts. 
Plantar Aponeuro'sis, P.fas'cia. A thick, 
dense, resisting aponeurosis; of a triangular 
shape, and superficially situate, which occupies PLANTARIA 
the middle and sides of the sole of the foot, and 
furnishes insertions to several of the muscles of 
the region, either directly or through the medium 
of septa, which it sends between them. 
Plantar Arch, see Plantar arteries. 
Plantar Arteries. These are two in num- 
ber, and arise from the extremity of the posterior 
tibial artery. They are distinguished into:-The 
internal plantar artery, situate above the abduc- 
tor pollicis pedis. It extends from the termina- 
tion of the posterior tibial to the trunk of one of 
the collaterals of that toe. The external plantar 
artery is larger than the preceding, and ought to 
be considered as the termination of the posterior 
or tibial. Situate above the flexor communis di- 
gitorum pedis, it extends from beneath the calca- 
neum to the posterior extremity of the last meta- 
tarsal space. When it has reached this part, it 
turns from without inwards ; advances towards 
the posterior extremity of the first metatarsal 
bone, and anastomoses with the perforating 
branch of the dorsalis tarsi. In the first part of 
its course, it furnishes calcaneal, articular, mus- 
cular, and adipous branches. The second por- 
tion of the artery is called the Plantar Arch or 
Cross. It gives branches in all directions. The 
inferior and posterior have received no name. 
The superior-three in number-are the poste- 
rior perforating arteries. The anterior branches 
are larger, and there are commonly four. They 
furnish the anterior perforating, and the collate- 
rals of the last four toes. 
Plantar Cross, see Plantar arteries-p. Fas- 
cia, P. aponeurosis. 
Plantar Ligaments. A name given to the 
inferior ligaments, which unite the bones of the 
tarsus and metatarsus, to distinguish them from 
the superior, called dorsal. 
Plantar Muscle, Planta'ris, P. grac"ilis, 
Tibia'lis grac"ilis, Exten'sor tarsi minor, (F.) 
Plantaire, P. Grele, Jambier grele, Petit femoro- 
calcanicn, (Ch.) A muscle, situate at the poste- 
rior part of the leg. It is long, thin, and narrow. 
Above, it is attached to the posterior part of the 
external condyle of the os feraoris : below, it ter- 
minates by a long tendon, which is attached to 
the posterior and inner part of the caloaneum. 
This muscle extends the leg on the foot, and 
conversely. It can, also, assist in the flexion of 
the leg on the thigh. 
Plantar Nerves. These are two in number, 
and are furnished by the termination of the pos- 
terior tibial nerve. They are distinguished into 
- 1. The internal plantar nerve, which extends 
from the inferior part of the tibial nerve to both 
sides of the first three toes, and the inner side of 
the fourth. It furnishes, also, branches to the 
abductor of the great toe; to the short flexor of 
the toes; to the accessory; to the short flexor of 
the great toe, the lumbricales, <fcc. 2. The exter- 
nal plantar nerve proceeds from the termination 
of the posterior tibial to the posterior extremity 
of the 5th metatarsal bone, and. gives branches to 
the flexor brevis digitorum pedis, the accessory 
and the abductor of the little toe. This trunk 
subsequently divides into two branches ; - the 
one-profunda-is distributed to the short flexor 
of the great toe: the interosseus and abductor 
pollicis pedis : the other - superficialis - sends 
filaments to the short flexor of the little toe, the 
two sides of that toe, the outer side of the 4th, 
and the last lumbricalis. 
Plantar Regions or Surfaces are different 
regions or surfaces of the sole of the foot. Three 
are generally reckoned, - the interna/, middle, 
and «rter»aZ. 
Plantar Veins follow a similar arrangement. 
PLANTARIA, Dengue. 
681 
PLASTIC 
PLANTARIS, Plantar, P. muscle-p. Superfi- 
cies pedis, Sole-p. Verus, see Flexor longus di- 
gitorum pedis profundus perforans (accessorius.) 
PLANTARIUM, Pubes. 
PLANTE DU PIED, Sole. 
PL ANTI-SO US-PHALANGIENS, Lumbri- 
cales pedis-p. Tendino-phalangiens, Lumbricales 
pedis. 
PLANUM AFONEUROTICUM DIA- 
PIIRAGMATIS. The tendinous expansion of 
the diaphragm. 
Planum Os, from planus, ' soft, smooth.' The 
papyraceous or orbitar plate of the ethmoid bone 
was formerly so called. 
Planum Pedis, Sole. 
Planum Supe'rius Lingua:. The upper sur- 
face of the tongue. 
PLANU'RIA, from nXavo;, 'wandering, false,* 
and ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of urine through 
unwonted ways. 
PLAQUEM1NIER IT EUROPE, Diospyros 
lotus. 
PLAQUES GAUFREES, Peyeri glandulae- 
p. Laiteuses, see Taches laiteuses. 
PLASMA, Liquor sanguinis. 
PLASMEXHIDRO'SIS, from plasma, the li- 
quor sanguinis; t%, 'out of,' and 'lipwoif, 'perspi- 
ration.' Exudation of the plasma of the blood 
from the vessels. 
PLASTER, Emplastrum - p. Adhesive, Em- 
plastrum resinae, Sparadrapum adhesivum - p. 
Adhesive, Baynton's, see Emplastrum resinae-p. 
Adhesive, of pitch and resins, Emplastrum de 
pice et resinis glutinans-p. Ammoniacum, Em- 
plastrum ammoniaci-p. Ammoniacum with mer- 
cury, Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro - 
p. Aromatic, Emplastrum aromaticum - p. Asa- 
foetida, Emplastrum asafoetidae - p. of Belladon- 
na, Emplastrum belladonnas - p. Blister, Blister 
-p. Blistering, Emplastrum lyttae-p. of Blister- 
ing fly, Emplastrum lyttae - p. Calefacient, Em- 
plastrum calefaciens - p. of Cantharides, com- 
pound, Emplastrum lyttae compositum - p. Ce- 
phalic, Emplastrum picis comp. - p. Corn, Spa- 
radrapum viride - p. Corn, Kennedy's, Spara- 
drapum viride - p. Court, English, see Ichthyo- 
colla, Sparadrapum adhesivum - p. Cummin, 
Emplastrum cumin!-p. Defensive, Sparadrapum 
Galteri - p. Diachylon, Emplastrum plumbi-p. 
Fly, Emplastrum lyttae - p. Frankincense, Em- 
plastrum thuris-p. Galbanum, Emplastrum gal- 
bani - p. Galbanum, compound, Emplastrum 
galbani compositum-p. Gum, Emplastrum gum- 
mosum - p. of Gum-resins, Emplastrum cum 
gummi-resinis-p. Hemlock, Emplastrum eicutae 
- p. Iron, Emplastrum ferri - p. Isinglass, see 
Sparadrapum adhaesivum - p. Issue, Sparadra- 
pum pro fonticulis-p. Lead, Emplastrum plumbi 
-p. Machine, Sparadrapiei-p. Mercurial, Em- 
plastrum hydrargyri-p. of Mercury, compound, 
Emplastrum hydrargyri compositum-p. Nurem- 
berg, Emplastrum Norimbergense - p. Opium, 
Emplastrum opii - p. Pitch, see Depilatory - p. 
Pitch, comp., Emplastrum picis compositum - p. 
Resin, Emplastrum resinae - p. of Red oxide of 
iron, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri - p. Soap, 
Emplastrum saponis - p. of Spanish flies, com- 
pound, Emplastrum lyttae compositum-p. Stick- 
ing, Emplastrum resinae-p. Strengthening, Em- 
plastrum ferri, Emplastrum oxidi ferri rubri - p. 
Warm, Emplastrum calefaciens - p. Wax, Em- 
plastrum cerao. 
PLASTIC, Plas'tieus, Formati'vus, Form'ative, 
from nXacatn, ' I form.' That which forms, or 
serves to form. 
Plastic Element. One which bears within it 
the germs of a higher form. - Gerber. PLABTICIMUS 
Plastic Force. The generative or formative 
power in organized bodies. It is also called Ni- 
sus formati'vus, Vis seu Virtue plas'tica sen for- 
mati'va, Vis essentia'lis seu reproductive/, Fac'ultas 
formatrix seu nutrix seu auctrix seu vegetati'va; 
Ulas alterati'vum, Motas assiniilationis, An'ima 
vegetati'va, Plasticisin' us, Virtue formatrix, Plas- 
tic"itae, Plastic"ity, Force of Nutrition, F. of 
assimilation, Force of Form' ation, force of vege- 
ta'tion, Puissance du moule interieur (Buffon), 
Bildungstrieb, Germ-force of the Germans. 
Plastic Lymph,Liquor Sanguinis-p. Surgery, 
Morioplastice. 
PLASTICIMUS, Plastic Force. 
PLASTICITAS, Plastic Force. 
PLASTICITY, Plastic Force. 
PLASTILYTIC, Antiplastic. 
PLASTILYTICUM (H2EMATOLYTICUM), 
Spanacmic. 
PLATA, Scapula. 
PL AT ANO, Musa Sapientum. 
PL AT ANTIIE'RA ORBICULA'TA, Large 
round-leaved Orchis ; indigenous. Order Orehid- 
acete ; flowering in July. The leaves are large, 
soft and fleshy, and are used, in certain places, for 
dressing blisters. 
PLATANUS, Musa paradisiaca. 
PLATEA, Bothriocephalus latus. 
PLATES, MANSFORD'S, see Galvanism. 
PLATIAS'MUS, from rXarvs, 'broad.' Ex- 
cessive development of the lips, causing the arti- 
culation to be imperfect. 
PLATINA, Platinum. 
PLAT'INUM, Plat'ina, from (S.) plata, 'sil- 
ver.' The preparations of platinum resemble in 
their therapeutical properties those of gold. The 
Bichlo'ride, Plat'ini Bichlo'ridum, made by dis- 
solving platinum in aqua regia, and the Double 
Chloride of Platinum and Sodium, So'dii chlo- 
roplat'inas, Chloroplat'inate of So'dium, prepared 
by dissolving bichloride of platinum and pure 
chloride of sodium, in proper proportions, in water, 
evaporating and crystallizing, - are the prepara- 
tions used. They are not much prescribed. 
PLATULA, see Pediculus. 
PLATYBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
PLATYCORIA, Mydriasis. 
PLATYCORIASIS, Platycoria. 
PLATYNO'SIS, from n\a-ni$, 'broad.' Ampli- 
fiea'tio. Morbid extension of parts. 
PLATYOPHTHALMON, Antimonium. 
PLATYPOLIA, see Kyllosis. 
PLATYPUS, see Kyllosis. 
PLATYS'MA, from TtXarvs, 'broad.' Anything 
broadly extended. A spread plaster. 
Platys'ma Myoides, P. Myo'dee, Mus'culus 
cuta'neus, M. subcuta'neus (Winslow), Quadra'tus 
gencB vel latis'simus colli, Expan'eio musculo'sa, 
Tetrago'nus, Stomoman'icon, (F.) Thoraco-maxillo 
facial, Thoraco-facial (Ch.), Peaucier. A mus- 
cle situate superficially on the lateral parts of 
the neck. It is flat, broad, and quadrilateral. Its 
fibres, which are all parallel to each other, pass 
obliquely downwards, and from without inwards. 
They arise from the areolar tissue, which covers 
the anterior and superior part of the chest; pass 
before the clavicle, and proceed to attach them- 
selves at the interior part of the symphysis menti, 
at the external oblique line of the jaw, and at the 
commissure of the lips. The fibres of this last 
insertion form a distinct fasciculus, called by some 
anatomists Mus'culus Riso'rius Santori'ni. The 
platysma myoides depresses the commissure of 
the lips, and carries it outwards. It contributes, 
also, to the depression of the lower jaw. When 
it contracts, it wrinkles the skin of the neck 
transversely. 
682 
PLETHORA 
PLATYSTER'NOS, from irXarur, 'broad,' and 
arepvov, 'the sternum.' One who has a broad 
well developed chest. - D. Pechlin. 
PLATYS'TOMUS; from n-Aarur, 'broad,' and 
aro/ia, ' mouth.' One who has a broad mouth. 
PLAUTUS, Leiopus. 
PLECHAS, Perinaeum. 
PLECTANJE, Cornua uteri. 
PLEC'TANE, Plica, Plegma, Plexus. A fold; 
a plexus. Also, a cornu of the uterus. 
PLEC'TRUM. The styloid process of the 
temporal bone. Also, the uvula, and the tongue. 
- Castelli. 
PLEDGET, (D.) Plagghe, Plumace'olus, 
Lintea'men, Plag'ula, (F.) Plumaceau, Plumas- 
seau. A small compress or gateau of lint - (the 
filaments arranged parallel to each other) - flat- 
tened between the hands after the extremities 
have been cut off or folded down. It is applied 
over wounds, ulcers, Ac., to preserve them from 
the contact of the air, to retain dressings in situ, 
and to absorb the discharges. 
PLEGE, Blow, Ictus. 
PLEGMA, Plectane, Plexus. 
PLEGOMETER, Pleximeter. 
PLEIN, (F.) 'Full.' The middle part of a roller. 
PLEIOMASTIIUS, Polymasthus. 
PLEIOMAZIA, see Polymasthus. 
PLENA MULIER, Pregnant. 
PLENITUDE, Fulness. 
PLENITUDO, Plethora. 
PLENCK'S DEPILATORY, see Depilatory, 
Colley's. 
PLEONEC'TICA ATHYM'IA sf.u MELAN- 
CHO'LIA. A form of insanity characterized by 
a desire for gain or by covetousness. 
PLEONEC'TICUS, from n\iov, 'more,' and 
' to have.' Covetous. Desirous to acquire: 
hence manta/jJeonecti'ca. 
PLERO'SIS, from rAnpns, 'full;' also RepIc'- 
tio, Refec'tio, Reple'tion. Restoration of flesh 
after sickness. Plethora. 
PLEROTICUS, Incarnans. 
PLES'MONE, Plenitu' do, Sati'etas, Sati'ety. 
Intemperance. A condition the opposite to that 
of hunger. 
PLESSER, Plexor. 
PLESSIMETER, Pleximeter. 
PLETHOMER'IA, from trXnflot, 'many,' and 
pepos, 'a part.' Superabundance of parts, as in 
the case of six fingers to one hand. 
PLETHO'RA, from ' I fill.' Polya'mia, 
Polyhyperhoe'mia, Panhyperoe'mia, Polychym'ia 
sanguin'ea, Angeioplero'sis, Angioplero'sis, Ery- 
throe'mia, Erythro' sis, Hcematopletho'ra, Hcemo- 
pletho'ra, Plenitu'do, Multitu'do, Redundan'tia, 
Reple'tio, En'chyma, Comple'tio, Pleth'ory, Re- 
ple'tion, San'guineness, Fulness, (F.) Abandonee, 
Redundance. The word plethora, which means 
repletion, Plero'sis, expresses a superabundance 
of blood in the system, or in some part of it: - 
hence the division of plethora into general and 
local; the latter being called, according to its 
seat, cerebral, pulmonary, uterine, Ac. The prin- 
cipal symptoms of plethora exist in the circula- 
tory system; such as redness of the surface, 
swelling of the veins, increase in the fulness of 
the pulse, in the strength of the heart's pulsa- 
tions, Ac., with spontaneous hemorrhages occa- 
sionally. With these are usually united general 
heaviness, torpor, lassitude, vertigo, tinnitus au- 
rium, flushes of heat, Ac. The blood of plethoric 
persons differs from healthy blood in the smaller 
ratio of water which it contains, and especially 
in the augmentation of the red corpuscles. 
The tendency to plethora, or its actual exist- 
ence, must be obviated by purgatives, proper diet, PLETHORIC 
exercise, <tc.; and, if the danger from it be press- 
ing, by blood-letting. This is, however, a doubt- 
ful remedy for general plethora, as it increases 
haematosis. 
Plethora, Local, Hypersemia. 
PLETHOR'IC, Pletho'ricus, Polya'mic, Po- 
lya'micus, Sanguine, Sanguineous, (F.) Pletho- 
rique. Same etymon. Full of blood. Relating 
to or affected with plethora. 
PLETHORICUS, Plethoric. 
PLETHORY, Plethora. 
PLETHOS, Satiety. 
PLEUMON, Pulmo. 
PLEUMONIA, Pneumonia. 
PLEURA, Pleurum, Pleura'ma, 'the side, a 
rib.' Membra' na pleurit'ica succin'gens seu cos- 
tas succin'gens, Membra'na seu Tu'nica costalis 
seu subcosta'lis, Hypopleu'rios, (F.) Plevre ou 
Pleure. The pleurae are two thin, diaphanous, 
perspirable membranes, which line each side of 
the chest, and are reflected thence upon each 
lung. Like all serous membranes - to which 
class they belong-each represents a sac without 
aperture. From the junction of the pleura of 
each side the mediastina are formed. That por- 
tion of the pleura which lines the parietes of the 
chest is called Pleura Costa'lis ; the portion that 
covers the lungs, Pleura Pulmona'lis. The arte- 
ries of the pleurae are from the the intercostals, 
internal mammaries, phrenic, inferior thyroid, 
&c. The veins correspond with the arteries. 
They are, also, supplied with lymphatics, but 
nerves are not traceable in them. 
Pleura is also used for Cavity of the Pleura, 
Saccus Pleura. 
PLEURAL The sides of the chest. 
PLEURAL, Pleura'lis, Pleu'ricus, Pleu'rites. 
That which concerns the pleura ; - as a pleural 
fistula:-pleural cavity, pleural hemorrhage, Ac. 
PLEURALGHA, Pleurodyne. 
PLEURAPOPHYSES, Costae verse, see Costa. 
PLEURAPOSTEMA, Empyema. 
PLEURARTIIROC'ACE, from irhevpa, 'a rib,' 
apdpov, 'a joint,' and kokos, 'bad.' Caries of the 
ribs. 
PLEURE, Pleura. 
PLEURESIA, Pleuritis. 
PLEURESIE, Pleurisy. 
PLEURESIS, Pleuritis. 
PLEURETIQUE, Pleuritic. 
PLEURICUS, Pleural. 
PLEURIS, Pleuritis. 
PLEURISY, Pleuritis. 
Pleurisy, Bilious, Pleuri'tis bilio'sa. Pleu- 
risy accompanied with bilious symptoms; - the 
effect of duodenitis or duodeno-hepatitis. 
Pleurisy, False, Pleurodynia. 
Pleurisy, Head. A ridiculous term, occa- 
sionally used by the vulgar, in the Southern 
States especially, for bilious pneumonia before 
the pneumonitic phenomena are developed, and 
whilst the head is prominently affected. 
Pleurisy, Hemorrhaxiic, Hsematothorax - 
p. Rheumatic, Pleurodynia - p. Root, Asclepias 
tuberosa. 
Pleurisy, Typhoid, Pleuri'tis typho'i' des seu 
typho'des seu typho'sa. Pleurisy accompanied 
by adynamic symptoms. 
PLEURITES, Pleural. 
PLEURIT'IC, Pleurit'icus, Pleurit'ical, (F.) 
Pleuretique; same etymon as pleuritis. Relating 
or appertaining to pleuritis - as 'pleuritic pain.' 
PLEURI'TIS, from ' the pleura;' Mor- 
bus latera'lis, M. pleurit'icus, M. Costa'lis, Em- 
pres'ma Pleuritis, Pleuris, Pleure'sis, Pleure'sia, 
Pleuritis costa'lis seu vera, Pleurit'ica Febris, 
Cauma Pleuri'tis, Passio pleurit'ica, Inflamma'tio 
Pleura, Pleurisy, Injlamma'tion of the Pleura, 
683 
PLEURITIS 
(F.) Pleurisie, Fievre pleuretique, Inflammation 
de la Plevre, may be acute or chronic. Perhaps 
the most violent of all internal inflammations is 
the active form; known by acute, lancinating 
pain in one side of the chest, increased by inspi- 
ration, by coughing, and often by pressure; dys- 
pnoea, the inspirations short and frequent; cough 
dry, or with little expectoration; and difficulty 
of lying on the affected side. Symptoms, attend- 
ing the phlegmasiae in general, strongly marked. 
Physical Signs. There is seldom any percep- 
tible alteration in the exterior of the chest. When 
effusion has taken place to a great extent, the 
signs will be similar to those of chronic pleurisy. 
The motion of the affected side is diminished, 
and the vibrations of the voice cannot be detected 
by the hand. There is more or less dulness of 
sound on percussion, the dulness diminishing or 
disappearing by change of position. On auscul- 
tation, the inspiration is feeble, distant, or inau- 
dible ; but change of position modifies it. Ego- 
phony is usually present, when the effusion is in 
moderate quantity, and is best heard over a por- 
tion of the thoracic parietes, represented by a 
band of three inches, running from below the 
inferior margins of the scapula in the direction 
of the ribs to the sternum. Simple pleurisy 
rarely attacks both sides at once: when such is 
the case, the presence of tubercles may be sus- 
pected. 
Formerly, a true pleurisy meant one seated in 
the pleura: a mediastinal pleurisy, one situated 
in the anterior mediastinum ; and false pleurisy 
or rheumatismal pleurisy, that which occupies the 
intercostal muscles. The last has received the 
name Pleurodyn'ia; that of pleurisy being ex- 
clusively appropriated to inflammation of the 
pleura. Pleurisy has also been distinguished into 
dry and humid, according as it is or is not accom- 
panied by expectoration. Humid or moist pleurisy 
is now properly regarded as a complication of 
pleurisy with pulmonary catarrh. It is the catar'- 
rhal pleurisy of some. The majority of the spe- 
cies of pleurisy, admitted by Sauvages, consist 
of complications. 
The causes of pleurisy are like those of other 
internal inflammations. It may terminate by 
resolution, effusion, or suppuration. 
Chronic Pleurisy, which has been particu- 
larly described by Bayle, Broussais, and Laen- 
nec, most commonly terminates by a serous or 
purulent effusion, which sometimes simulates 
hydrothorax; at others, phthisis pulmonalis. It 
may form slowly, without evident symptoms; or 
it may succeed acute pleurisy. In the former 
case, vague pains are felt in the chest, with small, 
dry cough, oppression at intervals, shivering, 
irregular febrile symptoms, and hardness of pulse. 
Physical Signs. The affected side is smoother, 
more rounded and motionless; the intercostal 
spaces are dilated and filled up, or may even 
protrude slightly. In very chronic cases, how- 
ever, the affected side may be smaller. The tri- 
angular space above the clavicle and the depres- 
sion immediately above the sternum are often 
drawn downwards on the diseased side. No vi- 
bration is experienced by the hand when the 
patient speaks. The parietes of the thorax are 
sometimes oedematous, and fluctuation may be 
occasionally felt between the ribs. On percus- 
sion the sound is dull, or if clear, only so in the 
upper portions of the chest. On auscultation, 
there is an absence of the usual sounds over the 
affected parts, excepting occasionally transmitted 
sounds. There are no physical signs that can 
enable us to know whether pus or serum is effused 
into the chest. The introduction of a grooved 
needle through the intercostal space, as recom- PLEUB.OCELE 
mended by Dr. Thomas Davies, would of course 
settle the question. 
On dissection of those who have died of pleu- 
risy, the pleura is found thickened, red, inflamed, 
and covered with membranous exudations or 
false membranes. Sometimes it seems cartilagi- 
nous and ossified. Its cavity frequently contains 
serous or sero-purulent effusions. 
The acute form of the disease requires the most 
active treatment. General blood-letting, to such 
an extent as to make a very decided impression 
on the system, and repeated if necessary. This 
is the most important agent. After the violence 
of the disease has been got over, counter-irritants 
will be found highly beneficial; as well as when 
it has passed into the chronic state. The cough 
may be relieved by demulcents. 
Sauvages has given the name Pleuri'tis Ven- 
to'sa, and Pringle that of Pleurodyn'ia Ven- 
to'sa, to a pain behind the false ribs, attributed 
to the presence of air in the intestines. 
Pleuritis Bronchialis, Bronchitis - p. Cos- 
talis, Pleuritis - p. Diaphragmatica, Diaphrag- 
mitis - p. Ilumida, Bronchitis - p. Muscularis, 
Pleurodynia - p. Notha, Pleurodynia - p. Peri- 
cardii, Pericarditis - p. Pulmonis, Pleuropneu- 
monia-p. Rheumatica, Pleurodynia-p. Spuria, 
Pleurodynia-p. Spuria simulata, Pleurodynia- 
p. Typhoides, see Pleuritis, (biliosa) - p. Vera, 
Pleuritis. 
PLEUROCE'LE, from irXevpa, 'the pleura,' 
and K>jXr)> 'a tumour.' Hernia of the pleura, 
Hernia pleu'rica et pulmona'lis. This name, 
employed by Sagar, is inaccurate, as the pleura 
never protrudes alone. It only forms a hernia, 
when it serves as an envelope to the lung, to tu- 
mours, or to purulent collections, which have 
protruded from the thoracic parietes. 
PLEUROCOLLE'SIS, from -nXivpa, 'the pleu- 
ra,' and KoWau, ' I glue.' An adhesion between 
the pleura costalis and pleura pulmonalis. 
PLEURODYNE, Pleurodynia. 
PLEURODYN'IA, Pleural'gia, Pseudo-pleu- 
ri'tis, Pseudo-pleurisy, Pleurod'yne, Autal'gia 
doloro'sa, A stitch, Pain in the side, Stitch in the 
eide, Parapleuri'tis ; Stethorrheu'ma, Rheumatis'- 
runs pec'toris, Pleuri'tis rheumat'ica, P. muscula'- 
ris, P. spu'ria, False Pleurisy, Rheumat'ic or 
rheumatis'mal pleurisy, Pleuri'tis notha seu spu'- 
ria seu spu'ria simula'ta, Pneumo'nia exter'na, 
Lagonop'onos, Thoracod'yne, Dolor Pec'toris ex- 
ter'nus, (F.) Point de cote, Douleur de c6te ; from 
rAtvpa, 'the side or pleura,' and ohw-q, 'pain.' A 
spasmodic or rheumatic affection, generally seated 
in the muscles of the chest, and, ordinarily, in 
the intereostals. It is usually augmented by 
outward pressure, inspiration, coughing, exer- 
tion, moving the thorax, and sometimes even the 
corresponding arm. It is unaccompanied by 
fever, cough, or dyspnoea, excepting under the 
form of a stitch, when dyspnoea exists. It is, 
generally, by no means obstinate, and yields 
promptly to warm applications and to cupping 
or leeches. If it still resist, a blister will, almost 
always, remove it. 
Pleurodynia Ventosa, Pleuritis ventosa. 
PLEUROMA, Costa, Pleura. 
PLEUROPATHI'A, from TrXrvpa, ' the pleura,' 
and -rradoi, 'a disease.' A disease of the pleura. 
PLEUROPERIPNEU'MONY, Pleuroperi- 
pueumo'nia, Plenropneumo'nia, Pneumonopleure'- 
sis, Pneumonopleuri'tis, Pleuritis pulmo'nis, Pneu- 
mo'nia pleuritis. Inflammation occupying the 
pleura and the lung at the same time. Pleurisy 
and peripneumony existing simultaneously. Phy- 
sical signs. A dull sound is yielded by percus- 
sion for a variable extent over the more depen- 
684 
PLEXUS 
dent portions of the affected side. The loss of 
sound is partially modified by change of position. 
The respiratory murmur on auscultation is very 
feeble or absent inferiorly; higher up, the crepi- 
tation or bronchial respiration of pneumonia may 
be detected ; round the root of the lung, and near 
the inferior angle of the scapula, egophony is 
generally present. There is seldom much en- 
largement of the affected side, or displacement 
of the adjacent organs, as in the case of simple 
chronic pleurisy. 
PLEUROPNEUMA, Pneumathorax. 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA, Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 
PLEUROPNEUMONITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 
PLEUROPYESIS, Empyema. 
PLEURORRIICE'A, from trXtvpa, 'the side,* 
and pew, ' I flow.' Accumulation of fluid in the 
pleura. 
Pleuorrhiea Chylosa, Chylothorax-p.Lym- 
phatica, Hydrothorax - p. Purulenta, Empyema 
- p. Sanguinea, Haematothorax-p. Serosa, Hy- 
drothorax. 
PLEURORTHOPNCE'A, from wAcupa, 'the 
side,' op3of, 'erect,' and ttvcw, 'I respire.' Pain 
of the side, which does not permit the patient to 
breathe, except when in the vertical position. 
PLEUROSO'MUS, from irXtvpa, 'side,' and 
cwpa, 'body.' A malformation in which the fis- 
sure is somewhat lateral, with eventration ex- 
tending chiefly upon the upper part of the abdo- 
men and upon the chest; the upper extremity 
of the fissured side being more or less atrophied. 
-Vogel. 
PLEUROSTO'SIS, from rXtvpa, 'the pleura,' 
and oartov, ' a bone.' Ossification of the pleura, 
or in the cavity of the pleura. Osteopleu'ria. 
PLEUROTETANUS, Pleurothotonos. 
PLEUROTHOT'ONOS, Pleurot'onos, Pleuro- 
tet'anus, Tetanus latera'lis, from irXiupoStv, 'late- 
rally,' and tovos, ' tension.' A variety of tetanus, 
in which the body is curved laterally by the 
stronger contraction of the muscles of one side 
of the body. 
PLEUROTONOS, Pleurothotonos. 
PLEURUM, Costa, Pleura. 
PLEVRE, Pleura. 
PLEXIM'ETER, Plexom' eter, Plegom'eter, 
Plessim'eter, from irXiyavw, ' I strike,' and ptrpov, 
'measure,' 'a measure of percussion.' An ivory 
plate of a circular or ovoid shape, from an inch 
and a half to two inches in diameter, and about 
one-sixth of an inch in thickness. It has either 
a raised rim or edge, or projecting handles on its 
upper side, to permit its being held between the 
finger and thumb of the left hand, whilst it is 
struck with the right. It is used in percussion 
of the chest. A piece of metal, a coin, or the 
finger of the left hand may be used with equal 
advantage.-See Percussion, mediate. 
PLEXOMETER, Pleximeter. 
PLEXOR, from irXavo'w, ' I strike.' Plesser. 
Any instrument employed in percussion. The 
ends of the fingers of the right hand brought to- 
gether arc the best plexor; as the finger of the 
left is, perhaps, the best pleximeter. 
PLEXUS, Plegma, Plec'tane, Plane, Rete, from 
plecto, ' I interlace,' ' I entwine.' (F.) Zacis. A 
network of blood vessels or of nerves. The nerv- 
ous plexuses, Implicatin'nes reticula'res seu Tex- 
tus nervorum belong - some to the system of en- 
cephalic nerves-others to that of the great sym- 
pathetic; whilst some, as the pharyngeal, seem 
to be formed of the two sets. The plexuses re- 
present complex networks, with more or less PLICA 
loose meshes, formed by the numerous and diver- 
sified anastomoses of the nervous filaments; from 
which proceed other branches, that are distri- 
buted to organs, or to other plexuses. 
Plexus, Cardiac, Cardiac plexus-p. Carotid, 
see Carotid nerve - p. Choroides, see Choroid - 
p. Ciliaris, Ciliary ligament-p. CoeliaquefMeYia.c 
plexus - p. Coronarius ventriculi, Gastric plexus 
- p. Coronary, see Cardiac plexus, and Coronary 
plexus - p. Gangliformis semilunaris, Coeliac 
plexus-p. Ganglioformes, Ganglions, nervous- 
p. Glandiformes, Ganglions, nervous-p. Glandu- 
losi Peyeri, Peyeri glandulae - p. Uederaceus, 
Corpus pampiniforme-p. Hepaticus, Hepatic 
plexus-p. Infra-thyroideal, see Thyroideal veins 
-p. Lombo-abdominal, Lumbar plexus - p. Me- 
dian, Coelic plexus - p. Mesenterii proprius et 
maximus, Coeliac plexus - p. Nervorum anseri- 
nus, Facial nerve -p. Opistogastrique, Coeliac 
plexus-p. Pampiniformis, Corpus pampiniforme 
-p. Pharyngeal, see Pharyngeal nerve-p. Pneu- 
mogastricus, see Pneumogastric nerves-p. Reti- 
formis, Corpus cavernosum vaginae-p. Reticula- 
ris, Bulbus vestibuli, Choroides plexus-p. Solar, 
Coeliac plexus-p. Sous-mesenterique, Hypogas- 
tric plexus-p. Testiculaire, Spermatic plexus- 
Traehelo-sous-cutani, Cervical plexus-p. Vas- 
culosus funiculi spermatici pampiniformis, Cor- 
pus pampiniforme. 
PLICA, from plicari, 'to be knit together.' 
Tricho'sis plica, Tricho'ma, Trica, T. Incuborum, 
T. Scrofo'rum, Plica Polonica, P. Polon'ica Ju- 
da'ica, P. Cachec'tica, P. Saxon'ica, Affec'tio 
Sarmat'ica, Matted hair, Plaited hair, Trichom'- 
atose hair, Lues Sarmat'ica, L. Polon'ica, L. Tri- 
chomat'ica, Helo'sis, Holo'tin, Gir'ragra, Cir'rha- 
gra, C. Polono'rum, Ecphy'ma tricho'ma, Morbus 
Cirrho'rum, Plica caput Medu'ste, Plica longi- 
cau'da latera'lis, Coma Ceesa'rea, Kolto, Rhopa- 
lo'sis, Plica'tio, Plicatu'ra, (F.) Plique, P. Polo- 
naise. A disease endemic in Poland, Lithuania, 
and other parts of Northern Europe; so called 
on account of its being characterized by inter- 
lacing, twisting, and agglutination or matting of 
the hair. By some it has been regarded as a 
disease; by others, as the want of attention to 
cleanliness. However this may be, it generally 
appears upon the hair of the head, but sometimes 
in that of other parts, as the beard, the hair on 
the axilla, pubes, <tc. Alibert admits three spe- 
cies of plica. 1. Plica multiform'is or Plica 
caput Medu'sa, in which the hairs are mixed and 
agglutinated in greater or less masses; and this 
has been again subdivided into two varieties, ac- 
cording as the meshes are almost straight (/'. C. 
M. lacinia'ta, (F.) Plique en lanRres) or much 
twisted (F.) P. en vrilles.) 2. Plica longi- 
cau'da, (F.) Plique solitaire ou <1 queue; when 
the hair is united into a single long mass, and 
3. Plica cespito'sa, (F.) Plique en masse, in 
which the hairs are matted into one large, shape- 
less mass. Pinel places this disease amongst 
the Cutaneous phlegmasia ; but it is far from de- 
monstrated, that it is the result of inflammation 
of the skin. Certain it is, however, that the 
tangling of the hair is symptomatic of an affec- 
tion-««t generis-of the dermoid system. The 
idea that it is entirely owing to want of cleanliness, 
as has been conceived by some, is not tenable. 
Plica, Plectane - p. Cachectica, Plica - p. 
Caput Medusae, Plica-p. Longicauda lateralis, 
Plica - p. Lunata, Valvula semilunaris - p. Po- 
lonica Judaica, Plica - p. Saxonica, Plica - p. 
Semilunaris, Valvula semilunaris. 
PLICATIO, Plica. 
PLICATURA, Plica. 
PLICATURyE CEREBRI, Gyri cerebri. 
PLIC1IOS, Perinmum. 
685 
PLUMBI 
PLIN'THIUM, rhvSiov. A machine invented 
by one Nileus, which was formerly employed in 
the reduction of fractures and luxations. Scul- 
tetus describes it in his Armamentarium Chirur- 
gicum. 
PLIQUE, Plica-p. Polonaise, Plica. 
PLOCARIA CANDIDA, Fucus amylaceus. 
PLOMB, Plumbum. 
PLOMB, (F.) The sulphuretted gas disen- 
gaged from privies, which proves fatal at times 
to the nightmen, (F.) Vidangeurs, engaged in 
emptying them. 
PLOMB, ACETATE ACIDE DE, Plumbi 
superacetas-p. Blanc, Plumbi subcarbonas-p. 
Blanc de, Plumbi subcarbonas-p. Carbonate de, 
Plumbi subcarbonas-p. Chlorure de, Plumbi 
chloridum-p. lodure de, Plumbi iodidum-p. 
Nitrate de, Plumbi nitras-p. Oxide de, fondu, 
Plumbi oxydum semivitreum-p. Oxide rouge de, 
Plumbi oxydum rubrum-p. Oxide semi-vitreux 
de, Plumbi oxydum semivitreum. 
PLOMB AGINE, Graphites. 
PLOMBIERES, MINERAL WATERS OF, 
Fontes medica'ti Plumba'rii, Thermce Plwnbarice. 
Plombifires is a town in the department of the 
Vosges, 17 leagues from Nancy, and two from 
Remiremont. Here are several sources of ther- 
mal water. That which is called Saponaceous 
(F.) Savonneuse, is formed of the subcarbonate 
and sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, silica, 
carbonate of lime, and much vegeto-animal mat- 
ter. This last component, when held in solution 
by means of the subcarbonate of soda, gives to 
the water an unctuous character. This is the 
origin of its name. The waters of Plombieres 
are employed as solvents in engorgements of the 
abdominal viscera, and as alteratives in chronic 
diseases of the skin. 
PLORATIO, Lachrymatio. 
PLORATUS, Lachrymatio. 
PLOTUS, Leiopus. 
PLUGGING (Sw.) Plugg, (F.) Tamponnement. 
The act of stopping a hole. The introduction of 
a plug of lint or rag into a wround or natural ca- 
vity- as the uterus or vagina-to arrest hemor- 
rhage ; or of some substance into a carious tooth 
to prevent toothache. 
PLUM, Prunum, Prunus domestica-p. Assy- 
rian, Sebestina. 
PLUMA, Lanugo. 
PLUMACEAU, Pledget. 
PLUMACEOLUS, Pad, Pledget 
PLUMASSEAU, Pledget. 
PLUMBAGO, Graphites, Persicaria. 
Plumba'go Euro pa:'a, P. lapathifo'lia seu «n- 
dula'ta, Denta'ria, Crepanel'la, Squama'ria, Den- 
tcla'ria, Leadicort, (F.) Dentelaire, Herbe au 
Cancer. Family, Plumbaginece. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Monogynia. The root was formerly 
much esteemed as a cure for the toothache, like the 
Pel'litory of Spain, which is also called Dentaria. 
PLUMBI ACETAS, P. superacetas-p. Acetas 
dilutum alcoholicum, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
dilutus - p. Acidulus siccus, Plumbi superacetas 
-p. Carbonas, P. Subcarbonas. 
Plumbi Chlo'ridum, Chloride of Lead, (F.) 
Chlorure de Plomb. This salt of lead has been 
used in the form of lotion and ointment in can- 
cerous ulcerations. 
Plumbi Deutoxyuum Rubrum, P. oxydum 
rubrum-p. Hydriodas, P. Iodidum - p. lodhy- 
dras, P. Iodidum. 
Plumbi Iod'idum, Plumbi lodure'tum seu Hy. 
dri'odas seu HydroVodas seu lodhydras, Plum- 
bum ioda'tum seu Hydroiod'icum, I'odide or lod'- 
uret of Lead, (F.) lodure de Plomb, loduro 
plombique. This salt is formed by the double 
decomposition of iodide of potassium and nitrate PLUMBI 
- 
of lead. It is used in scrofulous affections intern- 
ally and externally. Dose, three or four or more 
grains. It is officinal in the Pharmacopceia U. S. 
for 1851. 
Plumbi Ioduretum, P. lodidum. 
PLUMBI Nitras, Plumbum ni'tricum, Nitras 
plumb'icus, Nitrum saturni'num, Nitrate of lead, 
(F.) Nitrate de Plomb. A salt formed by the 
action of diluted nitric acid on litharge. Nitrate 
of lead has the same medical action as the other 
soluble salts of lead, and is a valuable antibromie. 
It has been used, also, as an excitant antiseptic 
to wounds, ulcers, <fcc., and is the basis of LeT 
doyen's disinfecting liquid. 
Plumbi Nitrosac'charas, Nitrosac'char ate of 
lead. (Sacchar. p. j; Acid, nitric, p. ij ; Aqua 
p. x.) Beat together in a porcelain dish as long 
as chemical action continues : dilute the liquor 
with water, neutralize with chalk, and to the fil- 
tered solution add acetate of lead so long as a 
precipitate is formed. Collect, wash, and dry 
the precipitate, which is saccharate of lead. Dis- 
solve in dilute nitric acid, (one part acid to 
nineteen of water,) filter and evaporate to form 
crystals, which are transparent, of an amber 
colour, and in regular hexagonal plates or prisms. 
Advised as a solvent of phosphatic calculi. 
Plumbi Oxydum Album, Plumbi subcarbonas 
-p. Oxydum carbonatum per acidum aeetosum, 
Plumbi subcarbonas"-p. Oxydum fusum, Pl. 
oxydum semivitreum. 
Plumbi Oxydum Rubrum, Hfin'ium, Hfiltus, 
Deutox'ydum plumbi rubrum, Superox'ydum Plum- 
bo'sum, Plumbum oxy da'turn rubrum, Sandix, San- 
dyx, lied lead, (F.) Oxide de plomb rouge. It is 
sometimes used to kill vermin. 
Plumbi Ox'ydum Semivit'reum. Lithar'gyrus, 
Lithargyrum, Lithargyr'ium, Oxydum plumbi fu- 
sum, Spuma argent'i, Semi-vit'rifted oxyd of lead 
or litharge, Calciteo'sa, Cath'mia, (F.) Oxide de 
plomb fondu, Oxide de plomb semivitreux, (a yel- 
low protoxyd of lead, prepared by heat, com- 
bined with carbonic acid.) It occurs in scales 
of a whitish-red colour, and semi-vitrified. It is 
employed for pharmaceutical purposes, as in the 
Liquor plumbi acetatis, Emplastrum plumbi, &c. 
Formerly, the Litharge of gold, Chrysi'tis, Jfas'- 
sicot, and Litharge of silver, Almariab, were dis- 
tinguished in commerce. These were merely 
ordinary litharge, resembling gold or silver in 
colour. 
Plumbi Subcar'bonas, Car'bonas plumbi, 
Plumbi Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Plumbum carboni- 
cum, Magiste'rium plumbi, Oxydum plumbi album, 
Cerussa, AEru'go plumbi, Psimmyth'ion, Psym'- 
tnython, Simmitium, Flake white, Blanca, Gcrsa, 
If'fides, Subcar'bonate of lead, Cerusse, White 
lead, (F.) Carbonate de plomb, Blanc de plomb, 
Plomb blanc, (prepared by exposing spiral rolls 
of lead to the fumes of vinegar, in vessels placed 
in dung.) It is inodorous ; has a sweet taste ; is 
brittle; friable; snow white, and of a minute, 
scaly texture. It is astringent and sedative, and 
is sprinkled on parts affected with local inflam- 
mation, or to prevent chafing in children. It is 
also used in the formation of ointments and 
plasters. 
Plumbi Svvvra.ck't as,Cerus'saaceta'ta,Plumbi 
acid'ulus siccus, Plumbi ace'tas (Ph. U. S.), Sal 
vel sac'charum Satur'ni, Superac"etate of lead, 
Plumbum ace'ticum, Dulce'do Satur'ni, Acetas 
plum'bicum crystallisa'tum, Sal plumbi, Sugar of 
lead, Protoac"etate of lead, (F.) Acetate acide de 
plomb, Sei ou sucre de Saturne. (Plumb, carb. 
Ibj, Acid acetic, cong. 1|. Boil the lead with 
the acid till it is saturated; then strain through 
paper, and evaporate to a pellicle, that crystals 
may be formed. Wash the crystals and dry on 
686 
PNEUMATICA 
blotting-paper. Ph. L.) The acetate of lead has 
a sweet, styptic taste; a very white colour, and 
silky lustre. It is astringent: and, in weak solu- 
tion, cooling and sedative; in strong, stimulant. 
It is given internally, in visceral and other he- 
morrhages, combined with opium, and is used 
externally, in solution, in inflammation, burns, 
bruises, gonorrhoea, <fcc. Dose, gr. ss to iss. 
Plumbi Tannas, see Tannin. 
PLUMBICUM ACETAS CRYSTALLISA- 
TUM, Plumbi superacetas. 
PLUMBOSUM SUPEROXYDUM, Plumbi 
oxydum rubrum. 
PLUMBUM, Molgb'dos, Molibdus, Saturn'us, 
Capricor'nus, (F.) Plomb. Lead. A solid metal 
of a bluish white colour; more malleable than 
ductile; soft enough to be scratched by the nail; 
very fusible and oxydizable, when heated in the 
air, and existing, in nature, under a number 
of different shapes; the principal of which are 
those of sulphuret and oxyd. S. g. 11.352. 
Its use is to form oxides and salts. In its me- 
tallic state, it has no action upon the body ; but 
when oxydized or united with an acid, it acts, in 
large doses, as a powerfully astringent poison. 
Plumbum Aceticum, Plumbi superacetas-p. 
Album, Tin-p. Candidum, Tin-p. Carbonicum, 
Plumbi subcarbonas - p. Cinereum, Bismuth, 
subnitrate of - p. Hydroiodicum, Plumbi lodi- 
dum - p. lodatum, Plumbi lodidum - p. Nitri- 
cum, Plumbi nitras - p. Oxydatum rubrum, 
Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
PLUMS, SEEDED, see Diospyros Virginiana 
- p. Winter, see Diospyros Virginiana - p. Yel- 
low, see Diospyros Virginiana. 
PLUNGE BATH, see Bath. 
PLUNGING SIPHON, see Siphon. 
PLUNKETT'S CAUSTIC FOR CANCERS, 
Plunkett's Ointment. 
Plunkett's Ointment, Plunkett's Caustic for 
Cancers. This empirical cancer remedy consists 
of Arscnioas acid, Sulphur, and the powdered 
flowers of the Ranunculus ftammula and Cotula 
fcetida; - levigated and made into a paste with 
the white of egg, and applied, on a piece of pig's 
bladder, to the surface of the cancer. 
PLURAL BIRTH, see Multiparous. 
PLUTEA. Avicenna gives this name to du- 
plicatures of the dura mater, such as the Falx 
PLUTONIUM, Barium. 
PNEOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
PNEOBIOMANTICA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
PNEUMA, Air, Life. See Pneumatic Physi- 
cians. 
PNEUMAPOSTE'MA, Pneumonaposte'ma, Ab- 
scessus pulmo'num; from irvcvfiuv, 'the lung;' and 
airoarq/ja, ' abscess.' Abscess of the lung. 
PNEUMATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pulmo- 
num. 
PNEUMATHORAX, Pneumothorax. 
PNEUMAT'IC, Pneumati'cus, Pneumat'ical, 
from nvcv/jLa, 'life, air.' Relating to pneuma, air 
or health. 
Pneumat'ic Physicians, Pneumat'ici. Name 
given to a sect of physicians, at the head of whom 
was Athenaeus, who made health and disease to 
consist in the different proportions of an element 
-which they called Pneuma, nvcvpa-to those of 
the other elementary principles. This nvcvixa was 
a fancied spiritual principle, which the Stoics re- 
garded as an element, different from water, air, 
earth and fire; - the sole elementary principles 
previously admitted. 
PNEUMAT'ICA, from rm/m, 'air.' Apper- 
taining to the breathing. Diseases of the respi- 
ratory function; - the second class in Good's PNEUMATICAL 
system of nosology. Agents that act on the res- 
piratory organs.-Pereira. 
PNEUMATICAL, Pneumatic. 
PNEUMATOCELE, Physocele. 
PNEUMATO'DES, from irvivya, 'wind,' and 
ethos, 'resemblance.' One distended with air, or 
who breathes with difficulty, owing to an accumu- 
lation of flatus in the digestive tube; or, accord- 
ing to others, owing to emphysema. 
PNEUMATOMETER, Spirometer. 
PNEUMATOMPHALOCELE, Pneumatom- 
phalus. 
PNEUMATOM' PH ALUS, Pneumatomphalo- 
ce'le, from uvevpa, ' flatus,' and ' the um- 
bilicus.' Umbilical intestinal hernia, containing 
a cotisiderable quanty of flatus. 
PNEUMATOSE, Paeuvautosis-p. Peritoneale, 
Tympanites. 
PNEUMATO'SIS, Aero'sis, from Trvcvpa, 'air.' 
Flatus, (F.) Jfaladie venteuse, Pneumatose. Fla- 
tulence. Flatulent distention of the stomach or 
bowels, or both. Sauvages uses the word syno- 
nymously with emphysema. It is now generally 
employed for every abnormous collection of gase- 
ous matters in any part of the body. 
Pneumatosis, Emphysema - p. Abdominis, 
Tympanites - p. Enterica, Colica flatulenta-p. 
Pulmonum, Emphysema of the lungs - p. Ven- 
triculi, et Pneumatosis enterica, Flatulence. 
PNEUMATO.THORAX, Pneumothorax. 
PNEUMECTASIS, Emphysema of the Lungs. 
PNEUMOCACE, Necropneumonia. 
PNEUMOCHOLOSIS, Pneumonia (bilious). 
PNEUMOCHYSIS, (Edema of the lungs. 
PNEUMOECTASIE, Emphysema of the 
lungs. 
PNEUMOGAS'TRIC, Pneumogas'tricus, from 
irvevpoiv, 'the lung,' and ya<rr>?p, 'the stomach.' 
Belonging to the lungs and stomach. 
Pneumogastric Nerves, Eighth pair of nerves 
{Tenth pair of some), Par vagum, Pars vaga, 
Aervus vagus seu ambulato'rius seu pneumogas'- 
tricus seu dec"imus seu sympath'icus me'dius, 
Middle sympathetic; because it is distributed 
especially to the organs contained in the chest 
and abdomen. This nerve arises from behind 
the eminentiaa olivarim and near the corpora res- 
tiformia by one or two rows of filaments, regu- 
larly arranged. These filaments unite to form a 
flat cord, which issues from the cranium by the 
foramen lacerum posterius; behind the glosso- 
pharyngeal nerve. At its exit from the cranium, 
the pneumogastric nerve has the appearance of a 
very compact plexus-Plexus gangliform'is, Gan- 
glion of the superior laryngeal branch, of Sir Astley 
Cooper. It then descends along the neck, deeply 
seated on the outside of the carotid artery and 
the internal jugular vein. When it has attained 
the lower part of the neck, it enters the chest, 
gliding behind the subclavian vein, and passing 
on the right side, in front of the subclavian ar- 
tery, and, on the left, before the arch of the aorta. 
It proceeds, at first, backwards, increasing in 
size. Afterwards, it passes from behind the bron- 
chia to the oesophagus, which it accompanies 
through the diaphragm, and terminates on the 
stomach. In the neck, the pneumogastric nerve 
anastomoses with the spinal, glosso-pharyngeal, 
great hypo-glossal, and great sympathetic nerves; 
and furnishes, 1, a pharyngeal branch, 2, a supe- 
ytor laryngeal, 3, cardiac branches. In the chest, 
it gives off, 1, the inferior laryngeal or recurrent, 
2, the pulmonary plexus, and, 3, the oesophageal 
branches. On entering the abdomen, the oeso- 
phageal branches, which terminate the pneumo- 
gastric, are distributed upon the stomach, and 
give numerous filaments to that viscus, to the 
hepatic, coeliac, gastro-epiploic, and solar plexuses. 
687 
PNEUMONIA 
Some go, also, to the pancreas, liver, gall-blad- 
der, duodenum, <tc. 
PNEUMOG'RAPIIY, Pneumogra'phia, from 
Trvcvficiiv, 'the lung,' and ypatpr), 'a description,' 
The part of anatomy that describes the lungs. 
PNEUMOL'OGY, Pneumolog" ia, from mrtvpwv, 
'the lung,'and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' An anato- 
mical treatise on the lungs. An anatomical de- 
scription of the lungs. 
PNEUMOMETER, Spirometer. 
PNEUMOM'ETRY, Pneumomet'i •ia, from rvn>- 
pwv, ' the lung,' and pcrpov, ' measure.' Measure- 
ment of the capacity of the lungs for air. See 
Spirometer. 
PNEUMON, Pulmo. 
PNEUMONALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
PNEUMONATELECTASIS, Atelectasis pul- 
monum. 
PNEUMONE CT A SIS, Emphysema pulmonum. 
PNEUMONEMPIIRAX'IS, from ITVtVpUV, 'the 
lung,' and 'obstruction.' Congestion and 
infarction of the lungs. 
PNEUMO'NIA, Empres' ma pneumoni' tis, Pleu- 
mo'nia, Peripneumo'nia, Pneumo'nia peripneumo'- 
nia, Pneumoni'tis, Pulmo' nia, Pulniona'ria, In~ 
flamma'tio pneumon'ica, I. pec'toris acu'ta, I. 
pulmo'num, Pneumos'tasis, Pneu'mony, Peripneu'- 
mony, Inflammation of the lunge, Lung-fever (vul- 
garly), Febris pneumon'ica, (F.) Inflammation des 
poumons, Fievre pneumonique, F. peripneumo- 
nique, Fluxion de poitrine, Inflammation du pa- 
renchyme pulmonaire. The chief symptoms of 
pneumonia are :-pyrexia, accompanied by pain, 
sometimes obtuse, at others pungent, - in some 
part of the thorax; pulse more or less quick and 
hard, according to the violence and extent of the 
local disorder; pain, aggravated by the cough, 
which, with dyspnoea, exists throughout the dis- 
ease. At first, the expectoration is difficult and 
painful; but, in the course of a few days, it be- 
comes free, and the oppression of breathing is 
mitigated. When the inflammation, instead of 
going off by resolution, passes on to suppuration, 
rigors are experienced; the respiration becomes 
more oppressed, but less painful, and a sense of 
weight is felt on one of the pleura). Pneumonia 
may, also, terminate by gangrene-but this rarely 
happens, - by induration and by hepatization. 
Physical Signs. First Stage, (F.) Engouc- 
ment. Diminution of the sound is generally ob- 
served over the affected part on percussion : aus- 
cultation exhibits an equal, dry, crepitating rule, 
which is best heard at the close of a deep inspi- 
ration, and on coughing. The respiratory mur- 
mur is intermingled with the crepitant rale, or it 
may be absent. In the neighbourhood of the 
affected parts it is natural or puerile. The voice 
and cough are rather more resonant than usual. 
Second Stage, (F.) Hfpatisation rouge. When 
hepatization has occurred, the motion of the af- 
fected side is impeded, and immediately above 
the sternum and in the corresponding triangular 
space on either side, there is often an evident 
depression. Percussion is dull over the affected 
part in every position of the patient. On auscul- 
tation, the crepitation is found to be replaced by 
bronchial respiration. The respiratory murmur 
is louder in the other portions of the lung, the 
voice and cough are more resonant, and the 
heart's action is more distinct. Third Stage, 
(F.) Hepatisation grise. When suppuration su- 
pervenes, the same signs persist; but usually the 
voice and cough are less resonant, and a coarse, 
mucous rale is heard. When gangrenous or sup- 
purative cavities are formed, they present the 
ordinary signs. 
The prognosis must be guarded. It is not a PNEUMONIC 
disease which we can always subdue. Great ex- 
tent of inflammation; very considerable oppres- 
sion ; orthopnoea, and difficult expectoration are 
unfavourable symptoms, the most active treat- 
ment is of course necessary. General bleeding 
forms the sheet-anchor,-employed so as to make 
a decided impression on the system, and repeated, 
if necessary; local blood-letting; nauseating 
doses of antimonials; purgatives; and when the 
violence of the inflammation has been got under, 
- counter-irritants, <tc. Chronic pneumonia 
sometimes succeeds the acute, and, at others, 
occurs accidentally. It must be managed on 
general principles. Small bleedings, especially 
locally; and counter-irritants of all kinds are 
indicated. 
Pneumonia Biliosa, P. bilious. 
Pneumonia, Bilious,Pnewmo'nta bilio'ga,Pneu- 
mocholo'sig. Inflammation of the lungs, accom- 
panied by gastric fever, and not uncommonly by 
typhoid symptoms ; - Pneumotyphug, Pneumo'nia 
typhoi'des seu typho'deg seu typho'ea, Putrid, ty- 
phoid, adynamic, or erygipel'atone pneumo'nia. 
Pneumonia, Erysipelatous, P. bilious - p. 
Gangraenosa, Necropneumonia - p. Hypostatica, 
Pneumonypostasis - p. Intermittens, Pneumoty- 
posis- p. Lobular, see Lobular-p. Notha, Peri- 
pneumonia notha-p. Pleuritis, Pleuropneumonia 
- p. Putrid, P. bilious - p. Typhodes, P. bilious 
- p. Typhoid, P. bilious-p. Typhosa, P. bilious, 
Necropneumonia-p. Vesicular, Bronchitis, vesi- 
cular. 
PNEUMONIC, Pulmonic. 
PNEUMON'ICA. Diseases affecting the lungs, 
their membranes or motive power; characterized 
by irregular, impeded, or painful respiration. 
The second order of the class Pneumatica of 
Good. 
PNEUMONIC'ULA, diminutive of pneumonia. 
A slight inflammation of the lung. 
PNEUMONICUS, Pulmonic. 
PNEUMONIE, Pneumonia -p. Dieelminee, 
see Lobular-p. Lobulaire, see Lobular-p. Ma- 
melonnle, see Lobular. 
PNEUMONIE EES AGONISANTS, Pneu- 
monic hypoetatique. The hyperaemic engorge- 
ment, which takes place in the lungs during the 
last moments of life, has been so termed. It 
would seem to be hyperaemia rather than inflam- 
mation. 
PNEUMONIT'IC, Pneumonit'icue. Of, or be- 
longing to pneumonitis, or inflammation of the 
lungs. 
PNEUMONITIS, Pneumonia. 
PNEUMONOCARCINO'MA, from rvcugwv, 
'the lung,' and KapKtvuya, 'cancer.' Cancer of 
the lungs. 
PNEUMONOCE'LE, from Trvtvgwv, 'the lung,' 
anil Kq\n, 'rupture.' Hernia of the lung. 
Pneumonoce'le Diaphragmat'ica Inter'na. 
Hernia of the lung through the diaphragm. 
Pneumonocele Exter'na seu Thorac"ica, 
Hernia through the parietes of the chest. 
Pneumonocele Thoracica, Pn. externa. 
PNEUMONCEDEMA, GSdema of the lungs. 
PNEUMONOMELANOSIS, see Melanosis. 
PNEUMONOPHTIIISIS, Phthisispulmonalis. 
PNEUMONOPHTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
PNEUMONOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 
PNEUMONOPLEURITIS, Pleuroperipneu- 
mony. 
PNEUMONORRHAGIA, Haemoptysis. 
PNEUMONORRHfEA, Haemoptysis. 
PNEUMONOSCIR'RHUS, from Trvtvpwv, 'the 
lung,' and aKippos, 'induration.' Induration of 
Ibe lungs. 
PNE UM ONO SEE, Pneumoeee. 
688 
PNtEUM 
PNEUMONY, Pneumonia. 
PNEUMONYPOS'TASIS, Pneumo'nia hypo- 
etat'ica. Pneumonia in a depending portion of 
the lung, caused by lying on the back. 
PNEUMOPERICARDE, Pneumo - pericar- 
dium. 
PNEUMO-PERICARD'IUM, Pneumo -peri- 
cardi'tis, (F.) Pneumo-pericarde, from xvtvpa, 
' air,' and ircpiKaphiov, ' pericardium.' Laenneo 
designates, under this name, the effusion of air 
into the cavity of the pericardium. 
PNEUMOPHTHISIS, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
PNEUMOPHYMATA, Tubercles of the lungs. 
PNEUMOPLEURESIS, Pleuroperipneumony. 
PNEUMOPTHOE, Phthisis pulmonalis. 
PNEUMORRHAGIA, Haemoptysis - p. In- 
terna, Haematothorax. 
PNEUMOSEPSIS, Necropneumonia. 
PNEUMOSES, from rmpui, 'the lung.' A 
term under which Alibert comprises every mor- 
bid affection of the lungs. 
PNEUMOTHO'RAX, Pneumatho'rax, Pneu- 
matotho' rax, Emphyte'ma pec'toris, Asthma aeri- 
um, A. emphysemat'icum, Dyspnoe'a pneumat'ica, 
D. phyeothorac"ica, Physothorax, Aerothorax, 
Aeropleurie ( Piorry), from irvtvpa, ' air,' and 
3b>pal, ' the thorax.' An accumlation of air in 
the cavity of the pleura. A complaint generally 
sudden in its invasion and fatal in its character. 
In many instances, along with the air, a liquid is 
effused,-Hydropneumothorax. The disease may 
be spontaneous and simple, but in a large pro- 
portion of cases it is complicated with pleurisy 
and pulmonary tubercles. The signs vary ac- 
cording as there is, or is not, a communication 
between the pleura and the bronchia. The af- 
fected side gives a hollow, tympanitic sound, 
even where the thickness of the parietes of the 
thorax is great. When the effusion is consider- 
able, the affected side is dilated, but there is no 
rale of any kind. When a gaseous and a liquid 
effusion are present at the same time, the sound 
on percussion is found to be clear at the superior 
part of the thorax, but dull inferiorly ; hence, by 
varying the position of the patient, and by con- 
sequence that of the contained fluids, the seats 
of the clear and the dull sound will be varied. 
When the gaseous effusion is owing to a fistulous 
communication between the pleura and bronchia, 
the metallic respiration and resonance are heard; 
and if there be both gaseous and liquid effusion, 
with a fistulous communication, in addition to 
these signs there is the tintement mltallique. The 
presence of liquid can always be ascertained by 
succussion. See Emphrysema of the lungs. 
PNEUMOT'OMY, Pneumotom'ia, from irvtv- 
pwi', 'the lung,' and 'I cut.' Dissection 
of the lungs. 
PNEOMOTYPHUS, Pneumonia, typhoid. 
PNEUMOTYPO'SIS, Pnewmo'nm intermit'- 
tens, from rwvpoiv, 'the lung,' and rwrros, 'a 
stamp, a type.' Pneumonia characterized by 
periodicity. 
PNEUOBIOMANTIA, Docimasia pulmonum. 
PNEUSIOBIOG NOSIS, Docimasia pulmonum. 
PNEUSIOBIOSCOPE, Docimasia pulmonum. 
PNEUSIS, Respiration-p. Pertussis, Pertus- 
sis- p. Singultus, Singultus - p. Tussis, Tussis. 
PNEUSOMETER, Spirometer. 
PNIGALION, Incubus. 
PNIGMOS, Orthopnoea, Strangulation. 
PNIGOPHOBIA, Angina pectoris, Suffocation- 
PNIX, Orthopnoea, Strangulation. 
PNOE, Aura. 
PNCEUM. A nostrum of Dr. Samuel Hahne- 
mann, the founder of the'Homoeopathic System,' 
which consisted - it is said - of borax only! PNOOCOLYTICUS 
PNOOCOLYTICUS, Asthmatic. 
POOHE DES EAUX, see Liquor Amnil, and 
Parturition. 
POCK, from Teut. pocca, 'pock or little 
pouch.' A pustule of smallpox. 
Pock, Kine, Vaccina. 
POCKFRETTEN, see Pockmark. 
POCKIIOLE, Pockmark. 
POCKMARK, Pockhole, Scrobic'ulus Vari'ala, 
Cica'trix Variolas. The mark or pit or pitting 
left from a smallpox pustule. One pitted with 
smallpox is said to be pockfretten. 
POCKY. Infected with, or appertaining to, 
or resembling, smallpox or syphilis. 
POC'ULUM ABSINTHIA'TUM. This was 
regarded, in remote ages, as a wholesome beve- 
rage; the abninthium, or 'wormwood,' being sup- 
posed to act as an antidote to drunkenness. 
Poculum Amatorium, Philter - p. Diogenis, 
Palm - p. Emeticum, Goblet, emetic. 
POD'AGHA, Podarthri'tie, Podorrheu'ma, Po- 
dal'gia, from vouf, ' the foot,' and aypa, ' seizure.' 
Pain which attacks the feet. Gout, situate in the 
articulations of the foot. It has, also, been used 
in a more extensive signification synonymously 
with gout. 
Podagra Aberrans, Gout, (wandering) - p. 
Arthritis, Gout - p. Retrograda, Gout, (retro- 
grade. ) 
PODAGRARIA, Ligusticum podagraria - p. 
JEgopodiuin, Ligusticum podagraria. 
PODAGRIC, Podag'rical, Podag'ricus, Ar- 
thrit'icue, Arthrit'ic, Gouty, (F.) Goutteux. Re- 
lating or belonging to gout. Affected with gout. 
PODALGIA, Gout, Podagra. 
PODALYRIA TINCTORIA, Sophoratinctoria. 
PODANENCEPHALIA, see Podencepbalus. 
PODARTHRITIS, Podagra. 
PODARTHROC'ACE, from irouj, 'the foot,' 
apSpov, ' an articulation,' and ' bad.' Caries 
of the articulation of the foot. 
PODENCEPHALIA, see Podencephalus. 
PODENCEPH'ALUS, Podanenceph'alus, from 
irons, ' the foot,' and Kc<paXn, ' the head.' A mon- 
ster whose brain is placed outside the skull, and 
seems to be supported on a pedicle, whieh tra- 
verses the summit of the skull. This state of 
monstrosity is termed Podaneneepha'Ha, or more 
properly, Podencepha'lia.- G. St. Hilaire. 
PODEX, Anus. 
PODCE'MA ; from irovj, 'foot,' and oiirjpa, 'a 
swelling.' Gldema of the foot. 
PODOL'OGY, Podolog"ia, from irovy, 'the foot,' 
and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' A description of the 
foot. A treatise on the foot. 
PODOPHYL'LUM PELTA'TUM, Podophyl'- 
lum, Anapodophyll'um Canadenee, May-apple, 
Mandrake. Family, Podophylleae. Sex. Syxt. 
PolyandriaMonogynia. A common plant through- 
out North America. The fruit is eatable, and 
esteemed by many. The leaves are said to be 
poisonous. The root or rhizoma, Podophyllum 
(Ph. U. S.), is purgative in the dose of 20 grains. 
It has also been used as an anthelmintic. 
Podophyllum Monta'num, Mountain May-ap- 
ple, Mandrake, Wild Lemon, Duckxfoot, Paecoon 
Berry, Yellow Berry, Ground Lemon, has the 
same properties. 
PODORRHEUMA, Podagra. 
PODOTHE'CA, from rows, 'a foot,'and 
'a receptacle, a sheath.' The cuticle of the foot. 
An anatomical preparation. Chirothe'ca, has been 
used for the cuticle of the hand. 
POfiLETTE, Cup. 
POE'PIIAGUS; from iron, or roa, 'a plant, an 
herb,'and payu, 'I eat.' One who subsists on 
herbs or vegetables. The act of subsisting or 
689 
POISON 
feeding on herbs or vegetables is called Poephag"- 
ia. lienee Strabo calls the Irish 
POGON, Beard. 
POGONI'ASIS, Pogo'nia, from vwywv, 'the 
beard.' A female beard. Also, great strength 
or quantity of beard. A female having a beard 
- Vira'go. 
POGO'NIUM, diminutive of irwywv, 'beard.' 
A weak or small beard. 
POHON ANTIAR, Upas. 
POL A favourite aliment in the Sandwich 
Islands. It is a sort of paste made from the root 
of the Kalo-Arum esculen'tum. 
POIDS ET ME SURE S, Weights and mea- 
sures. 
POIGNEE, Manipulus. 
POIGNET, Carpus. 
FOIL, Hair. 
POILETTE, Cup. 
POILS, see Typha latifolia. 
POING, Fist. 
POINT, Stitch. 
Point, Blistering. A name given by Dr. 
Rush to an indeterminate period in the course of 
a continued fever, intermediate between the stages 
of high excitement and collapse, in which blis- 
ters will-he thought-usually produce unequi- 
vocally good effects. z 
POINT DE COTE, Pleurodynia. 
POINTSLACR yj/A tT'A'Lachrymaliapuneta. 
POIRE, see Pyrus communis. 
POIRE AU, Allium porrum. 
POIRIER, Pyrus communis. 
POIS, Pisum-p. a Ccnitere, see Fonticulus - 
p. Chiche, Cicer arietinum-p. Cidtivi, Pisum - 
p. d Grafter, Dolichos pruriens-p. Patate, Doli- 
chos tuberosus. 
POISON, Phar'macon, Phar'macum, Tox'icum, 
Vene'num, Virus, Delete'rium, Vencna'tion, (F.) 
Poison. A generic name for all substances which, 
when introduced into the animal economy, either 
by cutaneous absorption, respiration, or the di- 
gestive canal, act in a noxious manner on the 
vital properties or the texture of organs. Hence 
we speak of fever poison, cholera poison, &c. 
Poisons exist in the three kingdoms of nature; 
but those which proceed from animals are often 
called venoms, as the venom of the viper, scor- 
pion, tarantula, Ac.; whilst those that are the 
products of disease have the name virus. In 
common parlance, therefore, poison is restricted 
to deleterious articles, furnished by the mineral 
and vegetable kingdoms. Orfila has divided poi- 
sons into four classes. 1. Acrid, Ir'ritating, 
Corro'sive, or Escharot'ic, such as the concen- 
trated acids and alkalies; mercurial, arseniacal, 
cupreous, and antimonial compounds, canthari- 
des, &c. 2. Narcot'ic; those that act particu- 
larly upon the brain ; as hyoscyamus, opium, Ac., 
but without inflaming the organ with which they 
come ia contact. 3. Narcot'ico-Acrid or Acro- 
narcot'ic ;-those that act on the brain, but, at 
the same time, irritate the parts to which they 
are applied ; as aconite, belladonna, Ac. 4. Sep- 
tic or Putres'cent; - those furnished by the 
animal kingdom. See Venom and Virus. Va- 
rious classifications, of a similar character, have 
been recommended by different toxicologists : but 
they are liable to the objection, that they throw 
substances together whose physiological action 
on the system is very different. It is, indeed, 
difficult to avoid unnatural compression of mat 
ters into places not properly belonging to them, 
in all such arrangements. 
The following table, which exhibits a coup d'oeil 
of the chief poisons, with most of the circum- 
stances of importance connected with them, la 
not free from these objections. TABLE, EXHIBITING THE SYMPTOMS, TREATMENT, AND MODE OF DETECTING 
THE VARIOUS POISONS, MINERAL, VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL. 
AT. B. In all cases the Stomach-Pump should be used as soon as possible. 
I. INORGANIC POISONS. 
POISONS 
690 
POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Tests. 
ACIDS. 
.Acetic Acid. 
Citric Acid. 
Muriatic Acid. 
Nitric Acid. 
Sulphuric Acid. 
Tartaric Acid. 
Oxalic Acid. 
Prussic Acid. 
Oil of Bitter Al- 
monds. 
Laurel Water. 
The acids, generally, are 
strong corrosive poisons. 
Sour, acrid taste, burning 
in the throat, which is in- 
creased by pressure, swal- 
lowing, or coughing; eruc- 
tation, and excruciating 
pain in the stomach; more 
or less corrugation of the 
lining membranes of the 
mouth and primas via;; ex- 
coriation about the mouth 
or such other parts of the 
skin as the acid may have 
touched. The matter vo- 
mited effervesces with car- 
bonate of lime. The coun- 
tenance becomes glazed, ex- 
tremities cold and clammy; 
convulsions and death. Ni- 
tric acid occasions yellow 
stains, and sulphuric acid, 
black. 
Is a sedative poison ; nau- 
sea. giddiness, debility, hur- 
ried pulse, weight and pain 
in the head ; eructations 
having the flavour of the 
acid ; spasms, tetanus, con- 
tractile pupil; convulsions, 
death. 
The carbonates of soda, 
potassa, lime and magne- 
sia, are all antidotes to the 
acids; calcined magnesia 
also. They are to be used 
with the following restric- 
tions : for the acetic, citric, 
muriatic, sulphuric, and 
tartaric acids, they may be 
used indiscriminately. For 
the nitric and oxalic, car- 
bonates of magnesia and 
lime can alone be employed 
with safety. In the case of 
sulphuric acid, water should 
not be drunk, on account 
of the great heat which is 
produced by their mixture. 
Subsequent inflammation 
to be treated by ordinary 
means. 
The carbonates of the al- 
kalies and of magnesia and 
lime have the inconve- 
nience, that a large quan- 
tity of gas is extricated in 
the stomach. 
Ammonia is an antidote; 
but it should not be em- 
ployed in a very concen- 
trated form. Liquid chlo- 
rine has also been found 
efficacious. The cold douche 
to the head has been re- 
commended. 
Sulphuric acid is known by a 
white precipitate with any salt 
of baryta, insoluble in nitric acid. 
Muriatic acid is known by a 
white precipitate with nitrate of 
silver, insoluble in nitric acid, 
which turns black by the action 
of light. 
Nitric acid gives rise to orange- 
coloured fumes, when copper is 
placed in it. and an ability to 
dissolve gold when mixed with 
muriatic acid. 
Acetic acid exhaled the odour of 
vinegar. 
Citric acid blackens when heated. 
Tartaric acid precipitates crys- 
tals. with a solution of potassa ; 
and a white precipitate is thrown 
down by lime-water. 
Oxalic acid gives a white preci- 
pitate with lime-water, which, 
when heated, is converted into 
carbonate of lime. 
Prussic acid exhales the odour 
of peach-kernels; forms a white 
precipirate with nitrate of silver 
neutralized with an alkali, gives 
a blue precipitate with the per- 
salts of iron. 
ALK ALIES and 
their SALTS. 
Ammonia, 
Strong Liquor or 
Water of. 
Muriate of Am- 
monia or Sal 
Ammoniac. 
POTASSA. 
Caustic Potassa, 
and Liquor Po- 
tassa:. 
Carbonate of Po- 
tassa. or Pearl 
Ash, and Salt 
of Tartar. 
Nitrate of Potas- 
sa or Saltpetre. 
Sulphuret of Po- 
tassium or Li- 
ver of Sulphur. 
Soda. 
Violent, caustic, acrid 
taste; great heat in the 
throat, with destruction of 
its lining membrane; diffi- 
cult and painful degluti- 
tion; vomiting of bloody 
matter, which turns the 
yellow of turmeric brown ; 
acute pain in the stomach; 
cold sweats, weakness, hic- 
cough; violent colic pains, 
with purging of bloody 
stools and membranous 
flakes; death. 
The nitrate of potassa 
will not manifest the effect 
with turmeric paper. The 
carbonates, when vomited, 
will effervesce with acids; 
and the liver of sulphur 
will give rise to eructations 
of sulphuretted hydrogen. 
The vegetable acids, such 
as vinegar, lemon juice, 
citric and tartaric acid in 
solution are antidotes to 
the alkalies and their car- 
bonates. The fixed oils, 
such as castor, linseed, al- 
mond and olive, form soaps 
with the free alkalies, and 
therefore destroy their caus- 
tic effects. 
Poisoning by nitrate of 
potassa to be treated on ge- 
neral antiphlogistic princi- 
ples; mucilaginous drinks. 
Liver of sulphur is said 
to be decomposed and neu- 
tralized by common salt. 
The liquid chloride of soda 
will also decompose it. 
The alkalies are known by 
their action on turmeric paper: 
restoring the colour of litmus, 
which has been reddened by an 
acid. 
Carbonates are known by their 
effervescence with an acid; some 
of them affect the turmeric paper 
Sal ammoniac gives out the pun- 
gent odour of ammonia, when 
mixed with quicklime. 
Nitrate of potassa decrepitates 
and deflagrates when thrown on 
hot coals. 
Liver of sulphur emits the odour 
of sulphuretted hydrogen when 
dissolved, or when treated with 
an acid. 
EARTHS and 
COMPOUNDS. 
Baryta. 
Carbonate of Ba- 
ryta. 
Chloride of Ba- 
rium. 
Nitrate if Ba- 
ryta. 
Lime. 
Analogous to those of 
the corrosive metals. Vio- 
lent burning in the sto- 
mach. vomiting, gripes, 
diarrhoea ; excessive mus- 
cular debility, headache, 
convulsions, death. Lime 
differs from baryta in being 
a pure irritant. 
The sulphates of soda 
and magnesia are prompt 
and effective antidotes to 
all the poisonous salts of 
baryta. Phosphate of soda 
will also counteract their 
effects. Lime may be neu- 
tralized by dilute acids. 
Carbonic acid, in soda-wa- 
ter, effervescing draught or 
yeast, it is supposed, would 
answer a good purpose. 
The fixed oils may be em- 
ployed either for baryta or 
lime, when not in a com- 
pound state. 
Baryta and its salts invariably 
give a white precipitate, insoluble 
in acid, with a soluble sulphate, 
Lime, when dissolved, gives a 
white precipitate with oxalic acid. 
Also with carbonic acid, or a 
soluble carbonate. The same of 
baryta. POISONS 
691 
POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Tests. 
ALCOHOL. 
Brandy. Wines, 
and all Spirit- 
uous Liquors, 
Intoxication, and when 
taken very freely, complete 
insensibility, with apo- 
plexy or paralysis of one 
side; the countenance swol- 
len and of a dark-red co- 
lour; the breathing diffi- 
cult, and often stertorous, 
with a peculiar puffing out 
of the lips; the breath smells 
of liquor, which will dis- 
tinguish the symptoms from 
those of spontaneous apo- 
plexy. 
A powerful emetic of 
white vitriol, or tartar eme- 
tic, should be got into the 
stomach as soon as possi- 
ble; and if the person has 
lost the power of swallow- 
ing, a flexible catheter or 
tube should be the means of 
conveying it thither. The 
vomiting should be encou- 
raged as much as possible 
with warm water; and large 
and active glysters of salt 
and water should be thrown 
up. The patient should be 
placed erect, and if the 
countenance and other ap- 
pearances be not improved 
after these meanshave been 
used, the jugular vein may 
be opened, and cold wet 
cloths applied to the head, 
particularly if the body be 
hotter than natural. If the 
extremities become cold, 
warmth and friction should 
be perseveringly used. 
VOLATILE 
OILS. 
Creosote. 
Dippel's minimal 
Oil. 
Oil of Tar. 
Oil of Tobacco. 
Oil of Turpentine- 
Fusel Oil. 
General action, that of 
irritant poisons. Burning 
pain, vomiting, pungent 
taste, purging, &c. The oils 
of turpentine and tobacco 
affect the nervous system ; 
the peculiar odour of each 
oil will he manifested in 
the matter vomited. 
Creasote is immediately 
coagulated by albumen 
Dippel's animal oil mav be 
counteracted with dilute 
acids and the fixed oils. 
The other oils have no par- 
ticular antidotes, and their 
effects must, therefore, be 
counteracted upon general 
principles. 
No better mode of recognizing 
these substances exists, than that 
derived from their peculiar odour. 
Dippel's oil has the pungent odour 
of ammonia ; creasote and oil of 
tar, a peculiar smell of smoke; 
the odour of tobacco and turpen- 
tine are well known; and fusel 
oil has a peculiar, offensive, suf- 
focating odour. 
GASES. 
Carbonic Acid, or 
Fixed dir. 
Carbonic Oxide. 
Fumes of Burn- 
ing Charcoal. 
Chlorine. 
Sulphuretted Hy- 
drogen. 
Chlorine produces, when 
inhaled, violent irritation 
of the organs of respira- 
tion ; cough, bloody expec- 
toration, inflammation of 
the lungs, and permanent 
pulmonary disease. The 
other gases, although pro- 
ducing some effect on the 
respiratory organs, act as 
poisons, in consequence of 
their sedative agency. The 
symptoms, therefore, are 
those of apoplexy, or nar- 
cotic poisoning. 
The antidotes to chlorine 
are the cautious inhalation 
of ammonia, or sulphuret- 
ted hydrogen. The inflam- 
matory symptoms from 
chlorine to be treated on 
general principles. For the 
other gases, cold affusions 
to the head, blood-letting, 
artificial respiration. 
Chlorine is recognized by its | 
peculiar odour and bleaching pro- 
perties. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 
by its fetid smell, and the rapid 
blackening of lead. Carbonic 
acid, by its occasioning turbid- 
ness in lime-water placed in its 
atmosphere. Carbonic oxide, by ' 
the blue colour of its flame. 
IODINE. 
Iodide of Potas- 
sium. 
Irritant symptoms; burn- 
ing pain in the throat, lace- 
rating pain in the stomach, 
and fruitless efforts to vo- 
mit ; suffusion of the eyes; 
excessive pain and tender- 
ness of the epigastrium. 
Iodin.e combines with 
starch, and forms an insolu- 
ble compound. The prompt 
administration of starch, 
wheat flour, or other vege- 
table matter containing fe- 
cula, beat up in water, is 
recommended. Iodide of 
potassium has no antidote. 
Vomiting should be pro. 
rnoted by draughts of warm 
water, and inflammation be 
subdued by general treat- 
ment. 
Iodine is known by its odour, 
and the formation of a blue pre- 
cipitate, when brought in contact 
with a cold solution of starch. 
Iodide of potassium gives a crys- 
talline precipitate, with tartaric 
acid in excess. The supernatant 
fluid will give the blue colour to 
starch. 
METALS. 
Antimony. 
Tartar Emetic. 
Chloride, or But- 
ter ofAntimony. 
Oxide of Anti- 
mony. 
Vomiting. If vomiting 
do not occur promptly, vio- 
lent irritant effects are 
produced. Burning pain in 
the pit of the stomach; 
Purging; colicky pains, 
sense of tightness in the 
throat, violent cramps; re- 
peated recurrence of vomit- 
ing. 
If vomiting have not been 
produced, it should be 
brought about by tickling 
the fauces, and adminis- 
tering copious draughts of 
warm water. Astringent 
infusions, such as of galls, 
oak bark. Peruvian bark, 
act as antidotes, and should 
be given promptly; pow- 
dered yellow bark may be 
used, until the infusion is 
prepared. 
Antimony in solution is best 
distinguished by the peculiar 
orange-red precipitate, which it 
forms with sulphuretted hydro- 
gen or solutions of the hydrosul- 
phates. Free alkalies produce 
white precipitates. The muriate 
is known by a white precipitate, 
when it is poured into water. 
In itssolid forms, itinay beknown 
by the formation of white fumes, 
when heated, which redden lit- 
mus. It may also be converted 
into chloride, and then precipi- 
tated by adding water. POISONS 
692 
POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Tests. 
Arsenic. 
Arsenious Acid, 
or IVhite Arsenic. 
Orpiment, or Yel- 
low Sulphuret 
of Arsenic. 
King's Yellow. 
Realgar, or Red 
Sulphuret of 
Arsenic. 
Fly Powder. 
Fowler's Solution. 
Arsenical Paste. 
Arsenical Soap. 
Arsenite of Cap- 
per, 
Scheele's Green. 
Bismuth. 
Kitrate of Bis- 
muth. 
Pearl Powder. 
Oxide of Bismuth. 
Copper. 
SulphateofCopper 
Blue Fitriol. 
Acetate of Copper, 
Perdigris. 
Carbonate of Cop- 
per. 
Blue Perditer. 
Arsenite of Copper 
Scheele's Green. 
Food cooked in 
dirty copper ves- 
sels, or pickles 
made green by 
copper. 
Violent burning pain in 
the region of the stomach 
and bowels; tenderness on 
pressure; retching: vomit- 
ing; sense of dryness and 
tightness in the throat; 
thirst; hoarseness and diffi- 
culty of speech; the matter 
vomited, greenish or yel- 
lowish, sometimes streaked 
with blood ; diarrhoea ; te- 
nesmus; sometimes excori- 
ation of the anus; urinary 
organs occasionally affected 
with violent burning pains 
and suppression ; convul- 
sions and cramps; clammy 
sweats; lividity of the ex- 
tremities ; countenance col- 
lapsed ; eyes red and spar- 
kling; delirium; death. 
Similar to those produced 
from other irritant poisons. 
General inflammation of 
the whole alimentary canal; 
suppression of urine; hic- 
cough, disagreeable metal- 
lic taste; vomiting; cramps; 
delirium: death. 
Very similar to those pro- 
duced by arsenic. Coppery 
eructations and taste. Fa- 
tal cases are generally ter- 
minated by convulsions, 
palsy, insensibility. 
The hydrated peroxide of 
iron diffused through wa- 
ter; or the precipitated car- 
bonate; or the rubigo ferri, 
in very fine powder, to be 
administered every five or 
ten minutes, until relief is 
obtained. This is particu- 
larly efficacious when the 
white arsenic has been swal- 
lowed. If the arsenic have 
been taken in the form 
of Fowler's Solution, lime- 
water, in copious draughts, 
may be given. For either 
of the other forms, emetics 
of sulphate of zinc; dilu- 
ents; demulcents, such as 
flaxseed tea, infusion of 
slippery elm, <fcc. Counter- 
irritants may be used to re- 
lieve the spasm, and violent 
pain in the stomach. Bleed- 
ing, as promoting absorp- 
tion, should not be em- 
ployed until the stomach is 
completely evacuated. 
Milk, and sweet mucila- 
ginous drinks are recom- 
mended. Leeches, general 
bleeding; glysters; fomen- 
tations to be employed on 
the general principles of 
treatment for inflammatory 
symptoms. 
Albumen to be adminis- 
tered in either of its forms 
which can be most readily 
obtained, as milk or whites 
of eggs. Vinegar should 
not be given. The inflam- 
matory symptoms are to be 
treated on general princi- 
ples, and so of the nervous. 
If the suspected substance can 
be obtained free from organic 
matter, the presence of arsenic 
may readily be shown by boiling 
it in distilled water, filtering, and 
testing with, 1st. Anunoniaco- 
sulphate of copper. 2d. Ammo- 
niaco-nitrate of silver. (Hume's 
Test) 3d. Sulphuretted hydrogen 
gas The first will produce a green 
precipitate; second, a pale yellow 
precipitate; third, a bright yellow 
precipitate, if aisenic be present.] 
A portion of the powder, or one of 
these precipitates, carefully and 
thoroughly dried, is then to be 
mixed with charcoal and exsic- 
cated carbonate of soda, to be 
placed in a small glass tube, closed 
at one end, and then to be heated 
to a red heat in the flame of a 
lamp. The arsenic will be re- 
duced, and sublime in the upper 
part of the tube, forming a dark 
crust, having considerable lustre 
on its exterior surface, resem- 
bling polished steel. By gently 
heating this crust in a very small 
flame, crystals of white arsenic 
will be formed, having a high 
adamantine lustre. 
If organic matter be present, it 
must be entirely destroyed, by 
heating the substance with nitro- 
muriatic acid. After this has been 
done, and a clear, transparent so- 
lution in distilled water has been 
obtained, the subsequent process 
is as above indicated. Ifarsenious 
acid be submitted to the action 
of nascent hydrogen, it is deox- 
idized, and the metallic arsenic, 
thereby obtained, combining with 
hydrogen, forms arsenuretted hy- 
drogen gas. (Marsh's Test.) 
Add to a suspected solution a 
few drops of pure chlorohydric 
acid, and place in it a slip of bright 
copper; no change occurs until 
the liquid is brought to the boiling 
point, when, if arsenic be present", 
even in small quantity, the copper 
acquires an iron-gray coating, 
from the deposit of that metal. 
Remove the slip of copper; wash 
it in water, dry it and gradually 
heat it in a reduction tube, when 
arsenious acid will be sublimed 
in minute octohedral crystals. 
The test succeeds with powdered 
arsenic,the arsenites, arsenic acid, 
the arseniates, and orpiment. It 
will even separate the arsenic 
from arsenite of copper, and front 
common lead-shot. Reinsch'sTsst. 
Bismuth is known by the forma- 
tion of a white precipitate, when 
its solution in nitric acid is 
poured into water; and by the 
formation of a black precipitate 
with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 
and hydrosulphates in solution. 
The presence of copper is rea- 
dily shown in solutions. By 
ammonia a beautiful bluish preci- 
pitate is thrown down, which 
dissolves in an excess of the pre- 
cipitant, and the solution has a 
rich blue colour. A bright iron 
bar, introduced into solutions of 
copper, occasions the separation 
of the copper, in a metallic form, 
which deposits itself upon the 
iron. POISONS 
693 
POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Tests. 
Gold. 
Chloride of Gold. 
Fulminating 
Gold. 
Very analogous to those 
or other irritant poisons. 
This substance communi- 
cates a pink stain to the 
flesh, and patches of that 
colour may be found about 
the lips, and inside the 
mouth. 
The salts of gold are de- 
composed by sulphate of 
iron ; and this has, there- 
fore, been recommended as 
an antidote. Inflammatory 
symptoms to be treated on 
general principles. 
Chloride of gold is very readily 
decomposed, and the gold sepa- 
rated in a metallic state. Proto- 
sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver 
and protochloride of tin, all an- 
swer this purpose. The precipi- 
tated powder will be found insolu- 
ble, except in nitro-muriatic acid. 
Iron. 
Sulphate of Iron, 
Copperas, 
Green Vitriol. 
Chloride qf Iron. 
Symptoms of irritant poi- 
soning; colic pains, con- 
stant vomiting and purging. 
Violent pain in the throat, 
tension of the epigastrium, 
coldness of the skin, and 
feebleness of the pulse. 
Carbonate of soda would 
be a most excellent anti- 
dote to either of these 
substances. Mucilaginous 
drinks might also be em- 
ployed; and particular symp- 
toms relieved by general 
treatment. 
Iron is recognised by a bluish- 
black precipitate, with tincture 
of galls; rich blue, with prussiate 
of potassa; and a greenish or 
reddish precipitate, with the free 
alkalies or their carbonates. 
Lead. 
Acetate of Lead, 
Sugar of Lead. 
Carbonate of Lead, 
White Lead. 
Red Oxide, or Red 
Lead. 
Litharge. 
Wines sweetened 
by Lead. 
Water which has 
been kept in 
Leaden vessels. 
Acid food, cooked, 
or left standing 
tn vessels glazed 
with Lead. 
Irritation of the alimen- 
tary canal; spasm; nervous 
symptoms; paralysis, either 
partial or complete. When 
taken for some time, in 
small quantity, violent and 
obstinate colic; rigidity of 
abdominal muscles,cramps; 
remission of pain ; obsti- 
nate constipation, urine di- 
minished. saliva increased ; 
countenance anxious and 
glqomy. If relief be not 
promptly obtained, giddi- 
ness, debility, torpor, coma, 
convulsions and death. The 
paralysis affects generally 
the upper extremities. 
Sulphate of magnesia and 
phosphate of soda are both 
good antidotes for the solu- 
ble salts of lead. For the 
solid forms, dilute sulphuric 
acid may be drunk. These 
are applicable to the irri- 
tant forms of poisoning by 
lead. In the chronic form, 
or colica pictonum, purga- 
tives and anodynes are re- 
sorted to; venesection ; and 
external applications to re- 
lieve the cramps. The use 
ofstrychnia isrecommended 
for the paralysis. 
Soluble salts of lead yield a 
white precipitate with sulphates 
and carbonates in solution. Salts 
of chromic acid and iodide of po- 
tassium occasion a yellow preci- 
pitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 
a black precipitate. If solid, the 
lead may be converted into a 
state of solution by nitric acid, 
and the dilute solution be tested 
as above. 
Mercury. 
Corrosive Subli- 
mate. 
Cyanide of Mer- 
cury. 
Nitrate of Mer- 
cury. 
White Precipitate. 
Red Oxide, or Red 
Precipitate. 
Sulphate, or Tur- 
bith Mineral. 
Vermilion,or Red 
Sulpha ret. 
Violent symptoms of irri- 
tant poisoning; harsh me- 
tallicastringent taste; burn- 
ing pain in the stomach; 
vomiting and purging fre- 
quently of bloody matter; 
often irritation of the uri- 
nary organs, and sometimes 
suppression ; tightness and 
burning in the throat, occa- 
sionally so great as to pre- 
vent speech; countenance 
not always pale, but some- 
times flushed; tendency to 
doze; stupor, convulsions 
and death. 
Albumen, in some form, 
must be promptly adminis- 
tered ; either white of eggs 
beaten up with water, milk, 
or wheat flour beaten up. 
The inflammatory symp- 
toms to be counteracted by 
the usual means. Gold, 
finely mixed in dust, with 
fine iron filings. (?) 
The free alkalies differ in their 
precipitates from solutions of mer- 
cury. Potassa gives, with corro- 
sive sublimate, a yellowish one; 
ammonia, a white; lime-water, an 
orange; and sulphuretted hydro- 
gen, a black. If a drop of the so- 
lution be placed on a piece of 
gold, and touched with a knife or 
key, the mercury will be reduced, 
which amalgamates with the gold, 
producing a white spot. The ni- 
trate of mercury gives a black 
precipitate with the free alkalies. 
All the solid forms of mercury are 
volatile, and may be reduced by 
heating them in a glass tube with 
charcoal and carbonate of soda, 
when the metallic mercury will 
sublime, and may be collected in 
a globule. 
Silver. 
Nitrate of Silver, 
or Lunar Caus- 
tic. 
Those of other irritant 
poisons. 
Chloride of sodium, or 
common salt, immediately 
decomposes this substance, 
and destroys its activity. 
Antiphlogistic treatment is 
to be employed for the in- 
flammatory symptoms. 
Nitrate of silver is distinguished 
by the formation of a white pre- 
cipitate, insoluble in nitric acid, 
with chloride of sodium; a gray 
precipitate with ammonia, which 
is redissolved in an excess of am- 
monia; yellow precipitate with 
phosphate of soda. The precipi- 
tate of chloride of silver, obtained 
by adding muriate of soda to the 
nitrate of silver, is readily re- 
duced, and the metallic silver ob- 
tained, by mixing it with dilute 
sulphuric acid and granulated zinc. 
Tin. 
Chloride of Tin. 
Solution of Tin, 
used by Dyers. 
Oxide of Tin, or 
Putty Powder. 
The same as those from 
other irritant poisons, and 
a peculiar tanned appear- 
ance of the villous coat of 
the stomach. 
Milk to be given copious- 
ly, and the subsequent 
treatment to be regulated 
by the symptoms. 
The chloride precipitates vege- 
table coleuring matter; also albu- 
men and gelatin. The white oxide 
is precipitated from its solution by 
free alkalies; with sulphuretted 
hydrogen gas. a brown precipitate. 
Zinc. 
Oxide of Zinc. 
Sulphate of Zinc, 
White Vitriol. 
Acetate of Zinc. 
Violent vomiting; astrin- 
gent taste, burning pain in 
the stomach; pale counte- 
nance; cold extremities; 
dull eyes; fluttering pulse. 
Death seldom ensues, in 
consequence of the emetic 
effects. 
The vomiting may be re- 
lieved by copious draughts 
of warm water. Carbonate 
of soda, administered in so- 
lution, will decompose the 
sulphate of zinc. Milk and 
albumen also act ns anti- 
dotes. General principles 
to be observed in the subse- 
quent treatment. 
A white precipitate is thrown 
down by the free alkalies from 
the soluble salts of zinc, which 
becomes yellow when strongly 
heated-recovering its white co- 
lour on cooling. Sulphuretted 
hydrogen occasions a white pre 
cipitate. POISONS 
694 
POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Tests. 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Symptoms of irritant poi- 
soning; pain in the stomach 
and bowels; vomiting, diar- 
rhoea, tenderness and ten- 
sion of the abdomen. 
An emetic to be prompt- 
ly administered; copious 
draughts containing mag- 
nesia in suspension ; muci- 
laginous drinks; general 
treatment for inflammatory 
symptoms. 
Phosphorus is known by its 
ready inflammability, luminous- 
ness at ordinary temperatures, 
and alliaceous odour. 
GLASS, or ENA- 
MEL. 
If taken in very coarse 
powder, it produces irrita- 
tion and inflammation of 
the bowels. 
Large quantities ofcrumb 
of bread should be eaten, to 
envelop the particles. (?) 
An emetic of sulphate of 
zinc should then be given, 
and vomiting be promoted 
by demulcent drinks. 
II. ORGANIC POISONS. 
I. VEGETABLE POISONS. 
Irritant Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Anemone pulsatilla. Wind Flower. 
Arum maculatum. Wake Robin. 
Bryonia dioica. Bryony. 
Caladium seguinium. Dumbcane. 
Calla palustris. Water Arum. 
Caltha palustris. Marsh Marigold. 
Chelidonium majus. Celandine. 
Clematis vitalba. Virgin Bower. 
Convolvulus jalapa. Jalap. 
Convolvulus scammonia. Scammony. 
Croton tiglium. Purging Croton. 
Cucumis colocynthis. Colocynth. 
Cyclamen Europaum. Sow Bread. 
Daphne gnidium. Spurge Flax. 
Daphne mezereum. Mezereon. 
Delphinium staphisagria. Stavesacre. 
Dioica palustris. Swamp leather-wood. 
Equisetum hyemale. Scourgrass. 
Euphorbia officinarum. Euphorbium. 
Spurge. 
Gratiola officinalis. Hedge Hyssop. 
Hippomane mancinella. Manchineel. 
Hura crepitans. Sand Box. 
Hvdrocotyle vulgaris. Marsh Pennywort. 
Jatropha curcas, Indian Nut. 
Jatropha manihot. Cassada. 
Juniperus sabina. Savin (oil of). 
Juniperus Virginiana. Bed Cedar (oil of.) 
Momordica elaterium. Squirting Cu- 
cumber. 
Narcissus pseudo-narcissus. Daffodil. 
Pastinax sativa. Common Parsnep. 
Pedicularis palustris. Marsh Lousewort. 
Phytolacca decandra. Poke. 
Piper cubeba. Cubebs. 
Plumbago Europeea. Toothwort. 
Ranunculus acris, and other species. 
Crowfoot. 
Rhododendron chrysanthemum. Oleander. 
Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant. 
Sambucus cbulus. Elder. 
Sebum acre. Stone Crop. 
Stalagmitis cambogioides. Gamboge. 
Tanacetum vnlgare. Tansy (oil of.) 
ACRO-NARCOTIC. 
ASthusa cynapium. Common Fool's 
Parsley. 
Aconitum napellus. Monkshood. 
Agaricus, five species. Mushrooms (poi- 
sonous). 
Amanita muscaria. Truffles (poisonous). 
Anagallis arvensis. Meadow Pimpernel. 
Anda Oomesii. 
Apocynum androsmmifolium. Dogsbane. 
Aristolochia clematitis. Birthwort. 
Arnica montuna. Leopard's bane. 
Asclepias Syriaca. Swallowwort. 
Atropa belladonna. Deadly Night Shade. 
iEsculus Ohioensis. Buckeye. 
Brucea antidysenterica. False Angus- 
tura Bark. 
Cerbera. three species. Cerbera. 
Chaerophyllum sylvestre. Bastard Hem- 
lock. 
The general effects of this 
class of vegetable poisons 
are; - an acrid pungent 
taste, with more or less of 
bitterness, excessive heat, 
great dryness of the mouth 
and throat, with sense of 
tightness there ; violent vo- 
miting, the efforts being 
continued even after the 
stomach is emptied ; purg- 
ing, with great pain in the 
stomach and bowels ; pulse 
strong, frequent, and regu- 
lar; breathing often quick 
and difficult; appearances 
of intoxication; the pupil of 
the eye frequently dilated, 
insensibility resembling 
death; the pulse becomes 
slow and loses its force, and 
death closes the scene. 
If applied externally, 
many of them produce vio- 
lent inflammation of the 
skin, with vesications or 
eruptions of pustules. 
If vomiting have been occasioned by 
the poison, and the efforts are still con- 
tinued, they may be rendered easier by 
large draughts of warm water, or thin 
gruel; but if symptoms of insensibility 
have come on without vomiting, it 
ought to be immediately excited by the 
sulphate of zinc, or some other active 
emetic substance, and after its opera- 
tion a sharp purgative should be given. 
After as much as possible of the poison 
is got rid of, a very strong infusion of 
coffee, or vinegar diluted with water, 
may be given with advantage. Cam- 
phor mixture with ether may be taken 
frequently, and if insensibility be con- 
siderable, warmth, frictions, and blis- 
ters, may be employed. If inflamma- 
tion or other dangerous consequences 
have been induced, they are to be 
treated upon general principles. 
The fruit of Feuillea Cordifolia has 
been recommended as a powerful an- 
tidote against vegetable poisons; it 
is to be used in as recent a state as 
possible. (?) 
N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
are said to be antidotes to the alka- 
loids generally. POISONS 
Irritant Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
Chanlotia toxicana. Ratbane. 
Chenopodium murale. Wormseed. 
Cicuta maculata. American Hemlock. 
Cicuta virosa. Water Hemlock. 
Cissus. Cissus. 
Cocculus Indicut. Fish berries. 
Colchicum autumnale. Meadow saffron. 
Conium maculatum. Hemlock. 
Coriaria myrtifolia. Myrtle-leaved Su- 
mach. 
Curare. Indian War Poison. 
Cynanchum erectum. Cynanchum. 
Cytisus laburnum. Laburnum. 
Datura stramonium. Thorn Apple. 
Digitalis purpurea. Foxglove. 
Ergot. See Secale. 
Ervuin crvilia. Bitter Vetch. 
Gaultheria procumbens. Wintergreen 
(oil of). 
Htemanthus tozicarius. 
Hellebores niger. Black Hellebore. 
Hypophyllum sanguinaria. Paddock 
Stool. 
Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. 
Lathvrus cicera. Lathyrus. 
Laurus campkora. Camphor. 
Lobelia inflata, Indian Tobacco. 
Loliutn temulentum. Darnel. 
Melia azederach. Pride of China. 
Mercurialis perennis. Mountain Mer- 
cury. 
Nerum oleander. Common Oleander. 
Nicotiana tabacum. Tobacco. 
CEnanthe crocata. Hemlock Dropwort. 
Passiflora quadrangularis. Barbadine. 
Fiscidia erythrina. Jamaica Dogwood. 
Polygala venenosa (of Java). 
Rhus radicans. Poison Vine. 
Rhus toxicodendron. Poison oak, or Su- 
mach. 
Robinia pseudo-acacia. Locust Tree. 
Ruta graveolens. Rue. 
Sanguinaria Canadensis. Blood Root. 
Scilla maritima. Squill. Sea Onion. 
Secale cornutum. Ergot. Spurred Rye. 
Siurn latifolium. Procumbent Water 
Parsnep. 
Spigelia Afarilandica. Pink Root. 
Strychnos Ignatii. St. Ignatius's Bean. 
Strychnos nuz vomica. Nux vomica. 
Svmplocarpus fatida. Skunk Cabbage. 
Ticiinas. Extract of various plants - 
South America. 
Tieutg. Upas Tieuti. Tree of Java. 
Triticum Hybernum. Wheat (diseased.) 
Upas antiar. Tree in Java. 
Veratrum album. While Hellebore. 
Veratrum viride. American Hellebore. 
Woorara. War Poison of Guiana. 
Zea mays. Maize (diseased). 
NARCOTIC. 
Actffa spicata. Baneberry. 
Ainygdalus communis. Bitter Almond. 
Amygdalus Persica. Peach. 
Gelseminum nitidum. Yellow Jessamine. 
Helonias erythrosperma. Fly Poison. 
Hvoscyarniis al bus. White Henbane. 
Hyoscyamus niger. Black Henbane. 
Kalmia latifolia. Mountain Ivy. 
Lactuca virosa. Strong-scented Lettuce. 
Opium, and its proximate principles. 
Papaver somniferum. Poppy. 
Paris quadrifolia. Herb Paris. 
Prunus Caroliniana. Wild Orange. 
Primus lauro-cerasus. Cherry Laurel. 
Prunus nigra. Black Cherry. 
Prunus padus. Cluster Cherry. 
Prunus Uirginiana. Wild Cherry. 
Solanum dulcamara. Bitter-sweet. 
Sorbns acuparin. Mountain Ash. 
Taxus baccata. Yew. 
The narcotic vegetable 
poisons, if taken into the 
stomach or applied to a 
wound, occasion the follow- 
ing effects :-stupor ; numb- 
ness; heaviness in the head; 
desire to vomit, slight at 
first, but afterwards insup- 
portable; a sort of intoxi- 
cation, stupid air, pupil of 
the eye dilated ; furious or 
lively delirium, sometimes 
pain ; convulsions of dif- 
ferent parts of the body, or 
palsy of the limbs. The 
pulse is variable, but at 
first generally strong and 
full; the breathing is quick, 
and there is great anxiety 
and dejection, which, if not 
speedily relieved, soon ends 
in death. 
The stomach to be effectually evacu- 
ated. by giving four or five grains of 
tartar emetic, or from ten to twenty 
of the sulphate of zinc, repeated every 
quarter of an hour, till the full effect is 
produced. These means may be assisted 
by tickling the throat with a feather or 
the finger. Large and strong glysters 
of soap dissolved in water, or of salt 
and gruel, should be speedily adminis- 
tered, to clear the bowels, and assist in 
getting rid of the poison; and active 
purgatives may be given after the vo- 
miting has ceased. When as much as 
possible of the poison has been ex- 
pelled, the patient may drink, alter- 
nately. a tea-cupful of strong hot infu- 
sion of coffee, and vinegar diluted with 
water. If the drowsiness, which is 
sometimes extreme, and the insensi- 
bility bordering on apoplexy, be not 
remedied by these means, blood may be 
taken from the jugular vein, blisters 
may be applied to the neck and legs, 
and the attention be roused by every 
means possible. If the heat declines, 
warmth and frictions must fie perse- 
veringly used. Vegetable acids are on 
no account to be given before the poi- 
son is expelled, and it is desirable that 
but little fluid of any kind should be 
administered. 
N. B. Bromine, chlorine, and iodine 
are said to be antidotes to the alkaloids 
generally 
• 
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS. 
Agaricus musearius. Fly Agaric. 
Agaricus piperatus. Pepper Agaric. 
Agaricus nerator. Deadly Agaric. 
Agaricus bulbosus. Bulbous Agaric. 
Agaricus chantarellus. Champignon. 
Nausea, heat, and pain 
in the stomach and bowels, 
with vomiting and purging, 
thirst; convulsions, and 
faintings; pulse small and 
i frequent; delirium ; dilated 
The stomach and bowels to be cleared 
by an emetic of tartarized antimony, 
followed by frequent doses of Glauber's 
or Epsom salt, and large, stimulating 
glysters. After the poison is evacuated, 
ether may be administered, with small 
POISONS 
695 POISONS 
Poisons. 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
pupil, and stupor; cold 
sweats, and death. 
Poisonous mushrooms 
may be distinguished from 
the edible by their botanical 
characters, and by the fol- 
lowing criteria. The for- 
mer grow in wet, shady 
places, have a nauseous 
odour; are softer, more 
open, and porous; have a 
dirty-looking surface, some- 
times a gaudy colour, or 
many very distinct hues, 
particularly if they have 
been covered with an enve- 
lope ; they have soft, bul- 
bous stalks, grow rapidly, 
and corrupt very quickly. 
quantities of brandy and water; but 
if inflammatory symptoms manifest 
themselves, such stimuli should be 
omitted, and other appropriate means 
be had recourse to. 
696 
POISONS 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
POISONOUS FISH. 
Balistes monoceros. Old wife. 
Cancer astacus. Crawfish. 
Cancer ruricolus. Land Crab. 
Clupea thryssa. Yellow-billed Sprat. 
Coracinus/use us major. Gray Snapper. 
Coracinus minor. Hyne. 
Coryphaena splendens. Dolphin. 
Mormyra. Blue Parrot Fish. 
Mursena major. Conger Eel. 
Mytilus edulis. Mussel. 
Os tracking labellum. SmoothBottleFish. 
Perea major. Barracuda. 
Perea venenosa. Grooper. 
Perea venenata. Rock Fish. 
Physalia. Portuguese Man of War. 
Scomber cairuleus. Spanish Mackerel. 
Scomber mazimus. King Fish. 
Scomber* tAynnus. Bonetta. 
Spams chrysops. Porgee. 
Tetrodon sccleratus. Tunny. 
Tetrodon ocellatus. Blower. 
In an hour or two, or 
often in a much shorter 
time, after the fish has 
been eaten, a weight at the 
stomach comes on, with 
slight vertigo and headache, 
sense of heat about the 
head and eyes, considerable 
thirst, and often an erup- 
tion of the skin (urticaria), 
and in many cases death. 
An emetic should be speedily adminis- 
tered, or, in the absence of it, vomiting 
may be excited, by tickling the throat 
with the finger, and taking large 
draughts of warm water. After full vo- 
miting, an active purgative should be 
given, to remove any of the noxious 
matter that may have found its way 
into the intestines. Vinegar and water 
may be drunk after the above remedies 
have operated, and the body may be 
sponged with the same. Water, made 
very sweet with sugar, to which ether 
may he added, may be drunk freely as a 
corrective, and a very weak solution of 
alkali has been recommended to obviate 
the effects of the poison. If spasm 
ensue; after evacuations, laudanum, in 
considerable doses, is necessary. If in- 
flammation should occur, the usual means 
of removing it must be employed. 
POISONOUS SERPENTS. 
Boa crotaloides. Copperhead. 
Cenchris mor.keson. Mockeson. 
Cerastes nasicornis. Horned Viper of 
Western Africa. 
Coluber berus. Viper. 
Coluber prester. Black Viper. 
Crotalus, (5 species) Rattle Snake 
Scytale piscivorus. Water Viper. 
• 
A sharp pain in the 
wounded part, which soon 
extends over the limb or 
body; great swelling, at 
first hard and pale, then 
reddish, livid, and gangre- 
nous in appearance; (aint- 
ings, vomitings, convul- 
sions, and sometimes jaun- 
dice; pulse small, frequent, 
and irregular; breathing 
difficult, cold sweats, the 
sight fails, and the intel- 
lectual faculties are de- 
ranged. Inflammation, and 
often extensive suppura- 
tion and gangrene, followed 
by death. 
A cupping-glass to be applied over the 
wound, or a moderately tight ligature 
above the bites, and the wound left to 
bleed after being well washed with warm 
water; the actual cautery, lunar caustic, 
or butter of antimony, to be then applied 
freely to it, and afterwards covered with 
lint, dipped in equal parts of olive oil and 
spirit of hartshorn. The ligature to be 
removed if the inflammation he consi- 
derable. Warm, diluting drinks, and 
small doses of ammonia or hartshorn, to 
cause perspiration ; the patient to be 
well covered in bed,and a little warm wine 
given occasionally. If gangrene he threat- 
ened, wine may tie given more freely, and 
the bark should be had recourse to. Arse- 
nic, the principal ingredient in the Tan- 
jore Pill, has been strongly recommended. 
CANTHARIS VES1CAT0RIA. 
Spanish, or Blistering Fly. 
Lytta vittata. Potato Fly. 
Nauseous odour of the 
breath ; acrid taste; burn- 
ing heat in the throat, sto- 
mach, and abdomen ; fre- 
quent vomitings, often 
bloody, with copious bloody 
stools; excruciating pain in 
the stomach ; painful and 
obstinate priapism, with 
heat in the bladder, and 
strangury or retention of 
urine; frightful convul- 
sions, delirium and death. 
Vomiting to be excited by drinking 
sweet oil, sugar and water, milk, or lin- 
seed tea, very freely. Emollient glys- 
ters should be administered, and if 
symptoms of inflammation of the sto- 
mach, kidney, or bladder supervene, 
they must be subdued by appropriate 
treatment. 
Camphor dissolved in oil may be 
rubbed over the belly and the thighs. 
VENOMOUS INSECTS 
Tarantula. 
Scorpio. Scorpion. 
Vespa crabro. Hornet. 
Vespa vulgaris. Wasp. 
Apis mellijica. Bee. 
Culex pipiens. Gnat. 
CEstrus bovis. Gad-fly. 
In general, the sting of 
these insects occasions only 
a slight degiee of pain and 
swelling; but occasionally 
the symptoms are more vio- 
lent, and sickness and fever 
are produced by the inten- 
sity of the pain. 
Hartshorn and oil may be rubbed on 
the affected part, and a piece of rag, 
moistened in the same, or in salt and 
water, may be kept upon it till the pain 
is removed. A few drops of hartshorn 
may be given frequently in a little water, 
and a glass or two of w ine may be taken. 
The sting may, in genera), be removed 
by making strong pressure around it 
with the barrel of a small watch-key. 
2. ANIMAL POISONS. POISON 
697 
POLIUM 
Symptoms. 
Treatment. 
SALIVA OF THE RABID DOG. 
At an uncertain interval 
after the bile, generally, 
however, between the 
twentieth day and three or 
four months, pain or unea- 
siness occurs in the bitten 
part, though the wound 
may have been long healed. 
Anxiety, uneasiness, lan- 
guor, spasms, horror, dis- 
turbed sleep, difficult respi- 
ration succeed, and are 
soon very much increased ; 
violent convulsions affect 
the whole body, hideously 
distorting the muscles of 
the face; the eyes are red 
and protruded, the tongue 
swells and often hangs out, 
and viscid saliva flows from 
the mouth; there is pain in 
the stomach, with bilious 
vomitings,a horror of fluids, 
and impossibility of drink- 
ing them. All these symp- 
toms are aggravated till the 
sufferer is relieved by death. 
Hydrophobia is more easily prevented 
than cured; indeed, it is doubted whe- 
ther it ever has been cured. Mercury, 
arsenic, opium, musk, camphor, acids, 
wine, vegetable and mineral alkali, oil, 
various herbs, and many other reme- 
dies whose effects are quite opposite, 
have been employed, but none can be 
relied on. Large blood-lettings, the 
warm and cold bath, and almost every 
other remedial agent, have been tried 
without success. 
The bitten part should be completely 
cut out, even after it has healed, if the 
symptoms have not yet come on ; the 
part should then be immersed in warm 
water, or be washed with it as long as it 
will bleed, and, after the most perse- 
vering ablution, caustic should be ap- 
plied to every part of the surface, and 
then the wound covered with a poultice, 
and suffered to heal by granulation. 
No milder discipline can ensure safety. 
The most energetic poisons are used therapeu- 
tically, and often with considerable advantage. 
They have, of course, to be administered in ex- 
tremely small doses; to avoid producing poi- 
soning. 
Poison, Arrow, see Arrow poison-p. Sausage, 
Allan totoxicum. 
POISON-BERRY TREE, Melia azedarach- 
p. Italian, Liquor arsenicalis - p. Morbid, Virus 
-p. Oak, Rhus toxicodendron - p. Root, Cicuta 
maculata - p. Vegetable, Upas-p. Vine, Rhus 
radicans. 
POISONING, Venefic"ium, Toxica'tio, Intoxi- 
ca'tio, Entoxis'mus, Entoxicis'mus, Pharmacei'a, 
Malefic"ium, Venena'tion, (F.) Empoisonnement, 
Intoxication. The art of applying a poisonous 
substance to any of the textures in a dose capa- 
ble of occasioning more or less serious symp- 
toms. Rigorously speaking, therefore, if a phy- 
sician, in treating any case, employs a deleterious 
medicine in a small dose, which, owing to parti- 
cular circumstances, produces unpleasant symp- 
toms, he may be said to have poisoned. The 
term is, however, generally restricted to poison- 
ing by design. 
'oisoning has also been used, by a few, to de- 
r Ate the series of symptoms resembling those 
/reduced by certain poisons, which occasionally 
follow the use of substances that are generally 
innoxious. Overloading the stomach with indi- 
gestible food, has, for example, given occasion to 
symptoms resembling those produced by a nar- 
cotic poison, and the effect has been termed poi- 
soning. 
Secret poisoning was, at one time, practised as 
an art. It consisted in administering medicines, 
which should act as slow poisons, and gradually 
undermine the strength and life. Its agency was 
far from being so extensive as was imagined. 
POI'SONOUS, Tox'ical, Nox'ius; having the 
qualities of a poison. 
POISONS, ACRO-NARCOTIC, P. narcotico- 
acrid-p. Corrosive, P. acrid-p. Escharotic, P. 
acrid - p. Irritating, P. acrid-p. Putrescent, P. 
septic. 
POITRTNAIRR, Phthisicus. 
POITRINE, Thorax. 
POIVRE D'EAU, Polygonum hydropiper- 
p. de Guinee, Capsicum annuum-p.d'Inde, Cap- 
sicum annuum-p. de Jamaique, see Myrtus pi- 
menta-p. Long, Piper longum-p. Noir, Piper 
nigrum-p. Petit, Vitex -p. d Queue, Piper cu- 
beba-p. Sauvage, Vitex. 
POIX BLANCHE, see Pinus abies-p. de 
Bourgogne, see Pinus abies-p. Grasse, see Pinus 
abies-p. Jaune, see Pinus abies-p. Minerals, 
Pissasphaltum -p. Navale, see Pinus sylvestris 
--p. Noire, see Pinus sylvestris. 
POKE, Phytolacca decandra - p. Indian, Ve- 
ratrum viride-p. Stink, Dracontium foetidum- 
p. Weed, Phytolacca decandra, Veratrum viride. 
POLANIS'IA GRA'VEOLENS, Clammy treed, 
Stinkweed, Wormweed, Clammy Mustard, False 
mustard. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Cap- 
parideae; Sex. Syst. Dodecandria Monogynia- 
which blossoms in summer, and is found in every 
part of North America. To the whole plant have 
been ascribed anthelmintic properties. 
POLECAT WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
POLEMO'NIUM REPTANS, False Jacob's 
Ladder, Greek Vale'rian, Sweat-root. Order, 
Polemoniacese; indigenous, flowering in May; 
has been used as a diaphoretic and expectorant. 
POLENTA, Alphiton. 
POLES, Chalazas. 
POLEY MOUNTAIN, OF CANDY, Teucrium 
Creticum-p. Mountain of Montpelier, Teucrium 
capitatum. 
POLIATER, from roAiy, 'a town,' and tarpos, 'a 
physician.' A physician exercising his profession 
in a town, by the appointment of the government. 
- Castelli. 
POLICE', MED'ICAL, Politi'a med'ica, Poli- 
tobiotherapi'a, Medici'na polit'ica, State med'i- 
cine, Polit'ical med'icine. Hygienic rules estab- 
lished, or to be established, for the prevention of 
disease, and to contribute to the progress of me- 
dicine. The salubrity of districts, especially dur- 
ing the existence of spreading disease, is greatly 
ensured by an efficient medical police. 
POLICLIN'ICA, from itdXif, 'a town,' and 
k\ivti, 'a bed.' Treatment of diseases in a town. 
POLIO'SIS, Trieho'sis polio'sis, Spilo'sis poli- 
o'sis, Canit"ies. Hair prematurely gray or hoary. 
The state of becoming gray. 
POLITIA MEDICA, Police, medical. 
POLITOBIOTHERAPIA, Police, medical. 
POLIUM CAPITATUM, Teucrium capi- 
tatum. POLIUM 
POLIUM CRETICUM, Teucrium Creticum- 
p. Montanum, Teucrium capitatum. 
POLLEN, (L.) Pollen, Pollis, naXn, 'dust.' 
The fecundating dust contained in the anthers of 
flowers, which is dispersed on the stigma. 
POLLEX, An'ticheir, Prom'anus, Dig"itus pri- 
mus seu magnus, from pollere, ' to have much 
strength.' (F.) Pouce. The first of the fingers 
in size and strength. It is asserted that the term 
poltroon is derived from Pol'lice trunca'to ;-the 
Romans who were desirous of being exempted 
from military service being accustomed to cut off 
the thumb, and thus render themselves unfit to 
handle arms. 
Pollex, see Digitus. 
Pollex Pedis, Halins, Hallux. The great toe. 
POLLINC'TOR, Pollinc'ter, (L.) In antiquity, 
an anointer, dresser, or embalmer of the dead. 
POLLINCTURA, Embalming. 
POLLIS, Pollen. 
POLLOD'IC, Pollod'icus; from iroXuj, 'many,' 
and 'obos, 'a way.' An epithet proposed by Dr. 
Marshall Hall for a course of nervous action pro- 
ceeding from one point in many directions to 
every other. 
POLLOM, LITTLE, Polygala paucifolia. 
POLLU'TION, Pollu'tio, from polluo, 'I pro- 
fane.' The excretion of the seminal liquor or 
sperm at other times than during coition. When 
occasioned by a voluntary act, it is called simply 
Pollution or Masturbation ; when excited during 
sleep, by lascivious dreams, it takes the name 
Nocturnal pollution, Exoneiro'sis, Oneirog'mos, 
Oneirog'onos, Oneirogonorrhoe'a, Exoneirog'mus, 
Spermatoclem'ma, Spermatoclep'sis, Spermatolep'- 
sis, Spermatolip'sis, Gonorrhoea dormien'tium, G. 
oneirog'onos, G. vera, G. libidino'sa, Proflu'vium 
sem'inis, Spermatorrha'a, Paronir'ia salax, Night 
pollution, (F.) Pollution involontaire. 
POLLUTION INVOLONTAIRE, Pollution 
-p. Nocturnal, Pollution-p. Self, Masturbation 
-p. Voluntary, Masturbation. 
POLY, Polys, noXvs, 'many, full.' Hence: 
POLYACTIUM TRISTE, Pelargonium triste. 
POLY.EMIA, Plethora. 
POLYJEMIC, Plethoric. 
POLYJEMICUS, Plethoric. 
POLYANHJEMIA, Anmmia. 
POLYANHEMIE, Anmmia. 
POLYANTH'ES TUBERO'SA, Amarucachu. 
The root is cut into slips and laid upon the bites 
of serpents by the Peruvian Indians. 
POLYBLEN'NIA, from noXvt, 'much,' and 
fiXiwa, ' mucus.' Excessive secretion of mucus. 
POLYBREPHIA, Pregnancy, complex. 
POLYCARP'AE, from iroXvf, 'many,' and icap- 
nof, ' fruit.' A division of cutaneous diseases of 
the family Eczematosen, of Fuchs, including 
Psoriasis, Lichen, Herpes, and Impetigo. 
POLY'CERAS, from noXvs, 'many,' and Ktpas, 
' horn.' A monstrous animal having many horns. 
- Gurlt. 
POLYCHO'LIA, Pericho'lia, Hypercho'lia, 
from ttoXvs, ' much,' and xoXq, ' bile.* Superabun- 
dance of bile; such as is supposed to exist in 
bilious fevers. 
POLYCIIREST'US, from noXvs, 'much,' and 
Xp>i<rro;, ' useful.' Having many virtues. An 
ancient name for certain medicines considered to 
be useful in many diseases. 
POLYCIIRONIUS, Chronic. 
POLYCHY'LIA, from noXvt, 'much,' 
'juice.' Polychy'mia. Fulness of juices. 
POLYCHYMIA, Polychylia - p. Sanguinea, 
Plethora. 
POLYCLIN'ICA, from iroXvs, 'much,' and 
698 
POLYGONUM 
kXcvti, 'bed.' Provided with many beds; - as an 
hospital. 
POLYCOR'IA, from roXvs, and Koorj, 'the pu- 
pil.' The state in which there is more than one 
pupil.-Von Ammon. 
POLYCYE'SIAjPotycye'si's, from iroXvs, 'many/ 
and Kvrjats, 'pregnancy.' Frequent or quickly re- 
curring pregnancies : also, compound pregnancy. 
POLYDAC'TYLUS, Perissodac' tying, from 
■noXvs, ' many/ and baiervXos, ' a finger.' One who 
has a supernumerary finger or fingers, or toes. 
POLYDIP'SIA, from iroXvs, 'much/ and 
' thirst;' Sitie morbo'sa seu inten'ea, Polypo'gia, 
Dipgo'gig aveng, Exceeeive thirgt, (F.) Soif excee- 
give. A constant desire for drinking, with a sense 
of dryness in the mouth and throat. It is mostly 
symptomatic of fever, inflammation, dropsy, ex- 
cessive discharges, <fcc., and is so much a part of 
diabetes, that it has been called Polydipsia. 
POLYG'ALA, from noXvs, 'much/ and yaXa, 
' milk P. vulga'rig, Common Milkwort. Family, 
Rhinanthoideae. Sex. Sygt. Diadelphia Octandria. 
The leaves are bitter, and are used in the same 
cases as the polygala amara. 
Polygala Ama'ra, P. amarel'la seu vulga'rig, 
Fitter Milkwort. A powerful bitter; and, conse- 
quently, tonic. Its reputed virtues are balsamic, 
demulcent, and corroborant. The Polygala ru- 
bel'la, or Bitter Polygala of the United States, 
has the same virtues. 
Polygala Amarella, P. amara - p. Bitter, 
see P. amara-p. Grandiflora, P. senega. 
Polyg'ala Paucifo'lia, Tricligper'ma gran- 
dijio'ra, Dwarf Milkwort, Little Pollom, Ever- 
green Snakeroot, (F.) Polygale naine, possesses 
the same properties as P. Senega. 
Polyg'ala Sen'ega, P. Virginia'na seu gran- 
dijlo'ra, Sen'eka, Battlegnake Milkwort, Senega 
or llattlesnake root, (F.) Polygale de Virginie ou 
de Seneka. The bark is the active part of the 
root. Its taste is at first acrid, and afterwards 
very hot and pungent. It was once esteemed to 
be specific against the poison of the rattlesnake 
and in pleurisy, pneumonia, &c., after the inflam- 
matory action had been got under. It has been 
given also in humoral asthma, chronic rheuma- 
tism, dropsy, croup, amenorrhoea, <tc. Accord- 
ing to Peschier, it contains three particular prin- 
ciples, Polyg'aline or Sen'egine, hol'ueine, and 
Polyg'alic Acid. Dose, gr. 30 to 40 of the powder. 
Polygala Serpenta'ria. A shrub of Caffra- 
ria, the root of which is considered by the natives 
as a sure antidote against the bites of venomous 
serpents. 
Polygala Virginian a, P. senega-p. Vulga- 
ris, P. amara. 
POLYGALAC'TIA, Polyga'lia, from roAvf, 
' much,' and yaXa, ' milk.' Superabundant secre- 
tion of milk; galactia. 
POLYGALE NAINE, Polygala paucifolia 
p. de Virginie, Polygala Virginiana. 
POLYGALIA, Polygalactia. 
POLYGALINE, see Polygala senega. 
POLYGONATUM, Convallaria polygonatum 
-p. Anceps, Convallaria polygonatum-p. Mul- 
tifloruin, Convallaria multiflora - p. Uniflorum, 
Convallaria polygonatum-p. Vulgare, Convalla- 
ria polygonatum. 
POLYG'ONUM, P. avicula're, from jtoXvj, 
' much/ and yovr/, ' seed.' P. centino' dium seu 
erec'tom, Centino'dia, Centwmno'dia, Bindweed, 
Sanguina'he Corrig"iola, Sanguina'ria, Knot- 
gragg, Knotweed, (F.) Renoute, Trainaege, Centi- 
node. Family, Polygoneas. Sex. Syet. Octandria 
Trigynia. This grass is said to be a feeble astrin- 
gent. 
Polygonum Acre, P. hydropiper. POLYPOUS 
-- 
of eating or subsisting on many kinds of food. 
See Boulimia. 
POLYPH'AGOUS. Relating or appertaining 
to polyphagia. 
POLYPHARMACI'A, Polypharm'acy ; from 
iroXvs, 'much/ and ipapyaKov, 'a medicine.' The 
prescribing of too many medicines. A prescrip- 
tion, consisting of a number of medicines,- hence 
the name Polyphar'macus, given to one who is 
in the habit of prescribing a number of medicines, 
and whose prescriptions are loaded with ingre- 
dients. The term is taken in bad part. 
POLYPHYSIA, Flatulence. 
POLYPIFORM CONCRETIONS, see Polypus. 
POLYPIONIA, see Polysarcia - p. Infantum, 
see Polysarcia. 
POLYPLAS'TIC, Polyplas'ticus, from rroXuj, 
' much,' and n-Xaaaw, ' I form.' That which has 
many shapes. 
Polyplastic Element, in histology, is one 
which does not retain its primary shape; but un- 
dergoes transformation into others.-Gerber. 
POLYPODI'TES. Wine impregnated with 
polypody. 
POLYPO'DIUM, P. Vulga're, P. Virginia'num 
seu pinnatif'idum, Filic'ula dulcis, Common Pol'- 
ypody, Fern root, Rock Brake, Brake root. This 
fern grows in the clefts of rocks, walls, <tc., in 
both hemispheres. It was formerly regarded as 
a cholagogue, and was given in head diseases. It 
is not used now. 
Polypodium Adiantiforme, see Calagualae 
radix - p. Ammifolium, see Calagualae radix 
- p. Argenteum, see Calagualae radix - p. Ca- 
laguala, Calagualae radix - p. Coriaceum, see 
Calagualae radix-p. Dentatum, Asplenium filix 
foemina-p. Filix foemina, Asplenium filix fcemina. 
Polypo'dium Filix Mas, Aspid'ium Filix Mas, 
A. depas'tum seu ero'sum, Filix pinna'ta, Pieris, 
Athyr'ium Filix Mas, Blechnon, Polyrrhi'zon, 
Blancnon Oriba'sii, Lonchi'tis, Filic'ula, Male 
Polypody or Fern, Filix mas, F. non ramo'sa 
denta'ta, Nephro'dium crena'tum, N. Filix mas, 
Polys'ticwn callip'teris, P. filix mas, (F.) Fouglre 
male. Nat. Ord. Filices. Sex. Syst. Cryptoga- 
mia Filices. The rhizoma of this plant has been 
much extolled as an anthelmintic, and in cases 
of taenia. It was the basis of a once celebrated 
remedy-Madame Nouffer's, but, perhaps, more 
of the efficacy was to be attributed to the active 
purgatives by which it was followed than to the 
fern. Dose, 3>j to giij of the powdered solid part 
of the root; followed in the morning by a strong 
cathartic of camboge or jalap. An ethereal ex- 
tract has been proposed by Dr. Peschier, of Geneva. 
Polypo'dium Inca'num, Pol'ypody, Roch 
Brake; indigenous; has been considered demul- 
cent, cathartic and anthelmintic. 
Polypo'dium Incisum, Asplenium filix fcemina 
-p. Molle, Asplenium filix foemina-p. Pennati- 
fidum, P. vulgare - p. Politum, see Calagualce 
radix-p. Trifidum, Asplenium filix foemina-p. 
Virginianum, P. vulgare - p. Vulgare, Polypo- 
dium. 
POLYPODY, Polypodium ineanum-p. Com- 
mon, Polypodium vulgare-p. Male, Polypodium 
filix mas. 
POL'YPOID, PolypoVdes; from polypus, and 
ulos, 'form.' Having the shape of, or resembling, 
a polypus. 
POLYPORUS IGNIARIUS, Boletus igniarius 
-p. Officinalis, Boletus laricis. 
POLYPOSIA, 7roXi)7ro<nu, from roXvs, 'much,' 
and Ttoais, 'drink.' Great thirst-desire for drink. 
Polydipsia. 
POLYPOUS, Polypo'sus: same etymon as the 
next. Relating, or belonging to, or resembling 
polypus. 
POLYGROMA 
Polygonum Bistor'ta, P. bistortdi'des, Biator- 
ta, Colubrina, Offi.c"inal Bistort, Great Bistort or 
Snakeweed. The root is a powerful astringent 
and tonic; and, as such, has been used in in- 
ternal hemorrhage, atonic diarrhoea, ague, <fcc. 
Dose, gr. xv to gj. 
Polygonum Bistortoides, P.bistorta-p. Cen- 
tinodium, P. aviculare. 
Polygonum Divarica'tum ; Eastern Buck- 
wheat plant. The roots, reduced to a coarse meal, 
are said to be much used as an article of diet by 
the Siberians. 
Polygonum Erectum, P. aviculare. 
Polygonum Fagop'yrum, Fagop'yrum, F. 
esculent' um, Trit'icuin Fagi'num, Buckwheat, (F.) 
Sarrasin, Ble noir. The grain of this plant con- 
stitutes a principal article of food with the inha- 
bitants of Russia, Germany, and Switzerland. 
It is much used in the United States. 
Polygonum Hydrop'iper, P. acre, Hydropi- 
per, Persica'ria urens, Mercu'rius terres'tris, Poor 
Man's Pepper, Biting Arse-smart, Lakeweed, 
Water-pepper, (F.) Poivre d'eau. The leaves of 
this plant have an acrid, burning taste, and re- 
semble those of the arum. They have been re- 
commended as possessing antiseptic, aperient, 
and diuretic virtues. The fresh leaves have 
been applied externally as a stimulating cata- 
plasm. 
Polygonum Hydropiperoides, P. punctatum. 
Polygonum Persica'ria, Persicaria, P. minor 
seu mttw, Plumba'go, Arse-smart, (F.) Persicaire 
douce. This plant is said to possess vulnerary 
and antiseptic qualities. It has been given in 
wine to arrest gangrene. 
Polygonum Puncta'tum, P. hydropiperoi'des, 
Water pepper of America, Smartweed, possesses 
similar properties to Polygonum hydropiper, and 
is occasionally used internally in gravel, and ex- 
ternally in chronic ulcers. A fiuidrachm of the 
saturated tincture has been extolled in amenor- 
rhoea. 
Polyg'onum Virginia'num, Wand-spiked Per- 
sica'ria Virgin'ia Bistort; indigenous; is astrin- 
gent, diuretic, and tonic. 
POLYGROMA Staphyloma. 
POLYHI'DRIA, Polyi'dria, Polyidro'sis, from 
roXvf, 'much,' and 'iopu>s, 'sweat? Excessive 
sweating. 
POLYHYDRIA, Hydrops. 
P0LYHYPERHA1MIA, Plethora. 
POLYIDRIA, Polyhidria. 
POLYIDROSIS, Polyhidria. 
POLYLYMPHIA, Anasarca. 
POLYMASTH'US, Pleiomas'thus, from iroXu;, 
'many,' and paa3o;, 'breast? A monster having 
several breasts.-Gurlt. The condition has been 
called Polyma'zia, and Pleioma' zia. 
POLYMAZIA, see Polymasthus. 
POLYMERIA, Polymerismus - p. Promiscua 
translativa, Transposition of the viscera. 
POLYMERIS'MUS, Polymer'ia, from iroXuj, 
'much,' andycpof, 'apart? A monstrosity, which 
consists in the existence of supernumerary organs; 
as a sixth finger of the hand. 
POLYNEURON, Plantago. 
POLYOP'SIA, Pol'yopy, from roXvs, 'much,' 
and 'sight? Vision is so called, when mul- 
tiple. 
POLYOPY, Polyopsia. 
POLYOREX'IA, from iroXvs, 'much,' and ope fa, 
'appetite? Excessive appetite or hunger. A 
genus in the gastroses of M. Alibert. 
POLYPE'RIA, from jroXvs, 'much,' and 
'mutilated? Congenital misconstruction of va- 
rious parts or organs.-Good. 
POLYPIIA'GIA, Multivoran'tia, from ttoXvs, 
'much,' and 0ayw, 'I eat? Voracity. Faculty 
699 POLYPUS 
POL'YPUS, Pseudometamorpho' sis polypo'sa, 
from iroXuj, ' many,' and ™>vs, ' a foot.' A name 
given to tumours, which occur in mucous mem- 
branes especially; and which have been compared 
to certain zoophytes. Polypi may form on every 
mucous membrane. They are most commonly 
observed in the nasal fossae, pharynx, and uterus; 
more rarely in the stomach, intestines, bronchial 
tubes, bladder, and meatus auditorius externus. 
They vary much in size, number, mode of adhe- 
sion, and intimate nature. Accordingly, they 
have received various appellations; mucous, soft, 
vesic'ular, when their substance has been soft, 
spongy, vesicular, and, as it were, gorged with 
fluid. Others have been called hard; and these 
have been distinguished into fibrous or fieshy, and 
into scirrhous or cancerous. Fibrous polypi, 
Pol'ypi fibro'si, Inopol'ypi, are of a dense, compact 
texture, and whitish colour. They contain few 
vessels, and do not degenerate into cancer. The 
scirrhous or carcinom'atous are true cancerous 
tumours, painful and bleeding. They present all 
the pathological changes which belong to cancer- 
ous affections, and the prognosis is of course un- 
favourable. 
Thq mode of treating polypi must differ ac- 
cording to their character. The means used to 
destroy them have been, 1. To subject them to 
the action of certain astringent powders or solu- 
tions, to obtain their resolution. 2. Cauterization 
or the application of the actual cautery or caus- 
tics. 3. Excision or ablation with a cutting in- 
strument. 4. Extirpation with the fingers or with 
the polypus forceps. 5. A ligature, put round 
them so as to prevent their nutrition. A seton 
has, also, been sometimes used to gradually de- 
stroy the pedicle. 
The term Polypi, Pseudopol'ypi, Cardi'tis po- 
lypo'sa, Pol'ypiform Concre'tions, (F.) Concretions 
polypeuses ou polypiformes ou sanymnes du Coeur, 
Hemocardioplasties, (Piorry,) has likewise been 
applied to collections of blood-fibrinous concre- 
tions- found in the heart or great vessels after 
dissolution. These were once, erroneously, re- 
garded as morbid. The presence of these con- 
cretions may be suspected, when in the course of 
an acute or chronic affection of the heart, or at 
the close of chronic diseases in general-especially 
those of the lungs - the heart's action becomes 
suddenly tumultuous, obscure, and accompanied 
with a soft bellows' murmur, whilst the general 
symptoms indicate the effects of obstructed circu- 
lation. The right cavities are most frequently 
affected. 
Pol'ypus Broxchia'lis, Bronchlemmi'tis, 
Bronchi'tis membrana'cea, B. plastic, Bronchial 
Croup, Chronic Croup (?) Pseudo-mem' branous 
Bronchitis. A membraniform secretion in the 
bronchial tubes of a diphtheritic character, having 
the shape, when unexpectorated, of the bronchia. 
It is the result of inflammation of the lining 
membrane of those tubes. 
Polypus Carnosus, Sarcoma-p. Fibrosus, see 
Polypus - p. Uteri, Metropolypus. 
P0LYRR1IIZ0N, Polypodium filix mas. 
POLYRRHCEA, Profluvium. 
POLYS AR'CIA, Polysarco'sis, from ttoXv?, 
' much,' and aacf, ' flesh.' Carnos'itas, Polyso- 
ma'tia, Adelipa'ria, Corpulen'tia, Steati'tes. Ex- 
cessive corpulency. Authors have distinguished 
two varieties of this: - Polysarcia Carno'sa, 
Cor'pulency, and P. Adipo'sa, Polypio'nia, Pi- 
melo'sis nim'ia, Pachys'mus, Pachyn'sis, Obes'itas, 
Hyperprm'ele, Lipa'ria, Adipo'sis, Polysar'cia 
fagino'sa, Empyme'lium polysar'cia, Baryso'mia, 
Barysomat'ica, Lipo'sis, Lipar'otcs, Lipas'ma, 
Pinguitu'do, Pin'guitude, Obes'ity, (F.) Obisiti, 
Embonpoint excessif. A severe regimen and ex- 
700 
POMMADE 
ercise are the best preventives. Children are 
occasionally met with of unusual fatness, in spite 
of every care. This moibid deposition has been 
termed Polypio'nia infantum, and Chloro'sie gi- 
gante'a. 
Polysarcia Viscerum, Phvsconia adiposa. 
POLYSARCOSIS, Polysarcia. 
POLYSIA'LIA; from roXvs, 'much,' and aia- 
Xov, ' saliva.' Excessive discharge of saliva. 
POLYSOMATIA, Polysarcia. 
POLYSPAS'TON, from noXvs, 'much,' and 
arau, ' I draw.' A powerful instrument for re- 
ducing luxations.- Gorraeus. 
POLYSPER'MIA; from iroXv?, 'much,' and 
arrep/ja, 'sperm.' Richness or fulness of sperm. 
POLYSTICUM CALLIPTERIS, Polypodium 
filix mas-p. Filix Mas, Polypodium filix mas. 
POLYSTOMA PINGUICOLA, see Worms - 
-p. Venarum, see Worms. 
POL YTRIC, Asplenium trichomanoides. 
POLYT'RICHUM, from iroXvf, 'much,' and 
' hair.' Polyt'ricon, Polyt'richum vulga're, 
Adian'tum au'reum, Golden Maiden-hair, (F.) 
Perce-mousse. It is possessed of astringent pro- 
perties, and was formerly given in diseases of the 
lungs, and in calculous affections. 
POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE, Asplenium tri- 
chomanoides. 
POLYTROPH'IA, from n-oXvf, 'much,' and 
rpe<l><i>, ' I nourish.' Abundant or excessive nu- 
trition. 
POLYURESIS, Diabetes. 
POLYURIA, Diabetes. 
POLYU'RICUS, from roXvj, 'much,'and ovpov, 
'urine.' Sauvages calls-Ischu'riapolyu'rica-a 
kind of ischuria, caused by accumulation of urine 
in the bladder. 
POMA, Drink - p. Chinensia, see Citrus au- 
rantium. 
POMACEUM, Cider. 
POMA'TUM, Pomma'tum, (F.) Pommade, Li- 
parole. A pharmaceutical preparation, employed 
only externally; which differs but little from an 
ointment, except in having generally less consist- 
ence. It is usually made aromatic, and coloured 
to render it more agreeable. 
Common Pomatum is made of lard, 121bs; suet, 
4Ibs; essence, 5viij. 
Pomatum ad Labia Demulcenda, Cerate for 
the lips - p. Epispasticum flavum, Unguentum 
lyttie medicatum aliud - p. Epispasticum viride, 
<tc., Unguentum lyttae medicatum - p. for the 
Lips, Cerate for the lips-p. Nitrieum vel oxyge- 
natum, Unguentum acidi nitrosi - p. Saturni, 
Unguentum plumbi superacetatis. 
POMBALEA IPECACUANHA, see Ipecacu- 
anha. 
POMEGRANATE, Punica granatum. 
POMILIUS, see Nanus. 
POMMADE, Pomatum-p. d'Alyon, Unguen- 
tum acidi nitrosi-p, Antipsorique de Jasser, Un- 
guentum sulphuris compositum-p. d'Autenrieth, 
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati-p. de Cyrillo, 
Unguentum muriatis hydrargyri oxygenato me- 
dicatus-p. Epispastique jaune, Unguentum 
lyttae medicatum aliud-p. Epispastique verte, 
Unguentum lyttae medicatum-p. de Garou, Un- 
guentum epispasticum de daphne gnidio. 
POMMADE DE GONDRET, P. ammoniacale 
de Gondret (F.), Gondret's Counterirritant, Gon- 
dret'e ammoniacal Caustic. Liq. ammon. p. ij ; 
Sevi, p. j ; 01. amygdal. p. j ; M. Used to excite 
a speedy revulsion in cases of chronic affections 
of the brain, incipient cataract, amaurosis, Ac., as 
well as to cauterize the integuments deeply. 
The above formula, is that of the French Co- 
dex, but, according to M. Trousseau, it is much, 
too hard for use, unless the weather is warm. POMMADE 
He proposes two formula, one for summer, the 
other for winter. In the former he directs three 
parts of lard, one of suet, and four of liquor am- 
monia ; in the latter, equal parts of lard and 
liquor ammonia. 
POMMADE POUR LES LEVRES, Cerate 
for the lips-p.Ophthalmique (Regent's,) Unguen- 
tum ophthalmicum-p. Oxyginie, Unguentum 
acidi nitrosi-p. Stibiie, Unguentum antimonii 
tartarizati. 
POMME, see Pyrus malus - p. d'Adam, Po- 
mum Adami-p. d'Amour, Solanum lycopersicum 
- p. Epineuse, Datura stramonium-p. de Mer- 
veille, Momordica balsamica-p. Mousseuse, Be- 
degar-p. de Terre, Solanum tuberosum. 
POMMES HEMORRHOIDALES, see Vis- 
cum album. 
POMMETTE, see Malm os. 
POMMIER, Pyrus malus. 
POMPH'OLYX, from iroy<p<>s, ' a bladder.' A 
small vesicle on the skin. An eruption of bulla 
or blebs, appearing without any inflammation 
around them, and without fever. It is the Ec- 
phlysis Pompholyx of Good. See Pemphigus. 
Pompholyx, Tutia, Zinci oxydum. 
POMPION, Cucurbita pepo. 
POMUM ADA'MI, (F.) Pomme d'Adam, Ad- 
am's Apple. The projection formed by the thyroid 
cartilage in the neck-of males particularly. It 
is so called from a notion that it was caused by 
the apple sticking in the throat of our first parent. 
Pomum Amoris, Testicle-p. Hierosolymitanum, 
Momordica balsamina-p. Melongenae, see Sola- 
num melongena - p. Mirabile, Momordica Bal- 
samina- p. Spinosum, Datura stramonium. 
PONCTION, Puncturing. 
POND SHOVEL, Unisema deltifolia. 
PONDERA ET MENSURAL, Weights and 
measures. 
PONDUS, Pudibilia-p. Pharmaceuticum, see 
Weights and Measures. 
PONGITIF, Pungent. 
PONS CEREBELLI, Pons Varolii - p. He- 
patis, see Lobulus anonymus - p. Sylvii, Quad- 
rigemina Tubercula - p. Tarini, Tarini pons. 
Pons Varo'lii, Pons Cerebel'li, Corpus annu- 
la're, Proces'sus annularis, Prominen'tia annula'- 
ris cer'ebri, Eminen'tia annularis, Varo'li's bridge, 
Nodus enceph'ali vel Cer'ebri, Cerebral protuber- 
ance, Protuberan'tia annula'ris Willisii, (F.) 
Protuberance ciribrale, P. annulaire, Misenci- 
phale, Mesociphale, Pont de Varole, Annular pro- 
tuberance. An eminence at the upper part of the 
medulla oblongata, first described by Varolius. 
It is formed by the union of the crura cerebri and 
crura cerebelli. 
Pons Zygomaticus, Zygomatic arch. 
PONTE, see Parturition -p. Piriodique, see 
Parturition. 
PONTEDERIA CORD ATA, Unisema deltifolia. 
PONTICUM ABSINTHIUM, Artemisia Pon- 
tica. 
POPLAR, AMERICAN, Liriodendron - p. 
Balm of Gilead, Populus Candicans - p. Black, 
Populus - p. Tree, Liriodendron-p. Tulip-bear- 
ing, Liriodendron. 
POPLES, Gare'tum, Garretum, Ignys, Ig'nye, 
Suffra'go, Fossa genu, Fossa poplita'a, the Ham, 
the Hough, Hock, (F.) Jarret, from post, and plico, 
'I fold.' The posterior part of the knee joint. 
The ham forms what is called the popliteal region 
or space. 
POPLITA5US, Popliteal muscle. 
POPLITE, Poplitmus muscle. 
POPLITEAD, see Popliteal aspect. 
Popiite'al, Poplita'us, Poplit'ic, frompoples, 
701 
POPULUS 
- 
'the ham.' That which relates to the ham. A 
name given to various parts. 
Popliteal Artery - Popliteal portion of the 
crural, - (Ch.) is really a continuation of the 
femoral, which changes its name on passing 
through the adductor magnus muscle. It de- 
scends a little obliquely outwards into the hollow 
of the ham, and extends from the commencement 
of the lower third of the thigh to the end of the 
upper quarter of the leg, where it terminates by 
dividing into the posterior tibial and peroneal 
arteries. In the ham, it gives off the three supe- 
rior articular arteries ; and, at the top of the leg, 
the arteries of the gemini muscles or gemini 
branches, (F.) branches jumelles, the two inferior 
articular arteries, and the tibialis antica. 
Popliteal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
side on which the poples or ham is situated. 
Barclay. Poplite'ad is used by the same writer 
adverbially, and signifies the popliteal 
aspect.' 
Popliteal Fossa, Poples. 
Poplite'al Glands, Glan'dulce poplitcetr.. 
Lymphatic glands, four in number, seated in the 
popliteal region or space. 
Popliteal Muscle, Poplitaus Muscle, Muscle 
Jarretier, Femoro-popliti-tibial, (Ch.,) Subpop- 
litceus, (F.) Muscle poplite, is seated in the pop- 
liteal region. It is triangular, long, flat; and is 
inserted, on the one hand, by means of a strong 
tendon, into the tuberosity at the outer condyle 
of the femur, terminating below at the upper part 
of the posterior surface of the tibia. This muscle 
bends the leg on the thigh, and, reciprocally, the 
thigh on the leg. When the leg is bent, it causes 
it to turn, in rotation, inwards. 
Popliteal Nerves. They result from the 
bifurcation of the sciatic, and are two in number, 
viz. 1. The external popliteal, Peroneal nerve, 
Branche peroniere, (Ch.) It is smaller than the 
internal; turns to the outside of the fibula at the 
upper part of the leg, and divides into the mus- 
culo-cutaneous branch, nerf pretibio-digital, (Ch.) 
and the anterior tibial, nerf prttibio-susphalange- 
taire, (Ch.) 2. The inter'nal poplite'al nerve, 
Branche tibiale, (Ch.) which is larger than the' 
other, and seems to be the real continuation of 
the sciatic nerve. It descends vertically into the 
hollow of the ham; and passes beneath the apo- 
neurotic arch of the Solaris muscle, beyond which 
it takes the name tibial nerve. It furnishes 
the external saphena nerve, and a number of 
branches, that are distributed to the posterior 
muscles of the leg. It then passes to the sole of 
the foot to be divided into two branches, called 
Plantar nerves. 
Popliteal Region, Poples-p. Space, Poples. 
Popliteal Vein has the same arrangement as 
the artery behind which it is situate. 
POPLITIC, Popliteal. 
POPONAX, see Pastinaca opoponax. 
POPPY, CELANDINE, Stylophorum diphyl- 
lum - p. Corn, red, Papaver rhoeas - p. Heads, 
see Papaver-p. Horn, Stylophorum diphyllum- 
p. Juice, Meconium-p. Prickly, Argemone Mexi- 
cana-p. Spoiling, Cucurbalus Behen-p. Thorn, 
Argemone Mexicana - p. White, Papaver - p. 
White, capsule, see Papaver. 
POP'ULUS, Populus nigra, SPgei'ros, Ache- 
ro'is, Black poplar, (F.) Peuplier noir. The 
young buds, oculi or rudiments of the leaves, 
which appear in the beginning of spring, were 
formerly used in an officinal ointment - the un- 
guen'tum papule'urn. It was, also, recommended 
in chronic affections of the lungs. 
The bark of Pop'ulus Tremulo'i'des, American 
aspen, of P. Trem'ula seu pen'dula, European 
aspen, and of Populus CAN'DicANS,I?ci/zn of Giltad PORCELAINE 
Poplar, is antiperiodic, and furnishes salicin and 
populin, in which the properties probably reside. 
Populus Balsamifera, see Fagara octandra- 
p. Candicans, see Populus-p. Pendula, P. tremula 
-p. Tacatnahaca, see Fagara octandra-p. Tre- 
mula, see Populus-p. Tremuloides, see Populus. 
PORCELAINE, Essera, Urticaria. 
PORCELLIO, Oniscus. 
PORCELLUS, Oniscus. 
PORCULUS, Oniscus. 
PORCUPINE DISEASE, Ichthyosis. 
Porcupine Men, Echinoder'mi. Persons have 
been so called in whom the cuticle is produced in 
the form of pointed prolongations, as if it had 
been moulded on the papillae, like the shorter and 
blunter quills of the porcupine. 
POROUS, Vulva. 
PORDE, Crepitation. 
PORE, Porus, In'terstice, iropos, 'a passage.' 
Anatomists have given this name to the openings 
at the extremities of vessels at the surface of dif- 
ferent membranes. Exhalant Pores have been 
supposed to exist in the exhalants, to transmit 
the fluids exhaled. - Absorbent Pores are em- 
ployed in taking up parts that have to enter the 
circulation. Pores exist in the cuticle ; yet Hum- 
boldt, with a powerful magnifying-glass, was un- 
able to observe them. The pores of the skin 
have also been called spira'cula. 
POREBLIND, Myopie. 
PORI BILIA'RII, Ductus bilia'rii, Sur'culi 
fell'd. Ducts which receive the bile from the 
penicilli of the liver, and convey it to the hepatic 
duct. 
Pori Cuta'nei, P. Exhalan'tes seu Sudorif eri 
seu Resorben'tes. The pores of the skin. 
Pori Exhalantes, P. cutanei-p. Pulmonum, 
Cellules, bronehic-p. Resorbentes, P. cutanei - 
p. Sudoriferi, P. cutanei. 
POROCE'LE, from rupoj, callus,' and kiiXii, 
'a tumour.' A hard tumour of the testicle or its 
envelopes. 
POROMA, Induration. 
POROMPHALOCELE, Poromphalon. 
POROM'PHALON, Poromph'alus, Porompha- 
loce'le, from rwpof, 'hard,' and 'the 
navel.' Umbilical hernia with hard and thick- 
ened parietes. 
POROS, Canal. 
POROSIS, Chalaza, Induration. 
POROT'IC, Porot'icus, from rrwpo?, 'callus.' 
A remedy believed to be capable of assisting the 
formation of callus. 
PORPHYRA, Purpura - p. Graeeorum, Pe- 
techiae - p. Haemorrhagica, Purpura heemorrha- 
gica. 
PORPHYRISMA, Scarlatina. 
PORPHYRISMUS, Scarlatina. 
PORPHYRIZATION, Levigation. 
PORPHYRO-TYPHUS, see Typhus. 
PORPHYRU'RIA,PorpAyu'ria,- from 
'purple,' and ovpov, 'urine.' A state of the urine 
- pur'puric urine - in which it deposits the re- 
markable colouring matter-pur'purine-in asso- 
ciation with urate of ammonia. 
POR'PHYRY, Porphyri'tes, from irop<f>vpa, 
'purple.' A species of very hard, compound 
rock, susceptible of considerable polish, and used 
in the fabrication of mortars and slabs for the 
apothecary. 
Porphyry, Black, Ophites. 
PORPHYURIA, Porphyruria. 
PORRACE, Porraceous. 
PORRA'CEOUS, Porra'ceus, Pra'sinus, from 
porrum, ' a leek.' (F.) P or rad. Having the 
green colour of the leek. An epithet given to 
702 
PORRIGO 
certain excreted matters, - the sputa, bile and 
faeces particularly. 
PORREAU, Allium porrum. 
PORRECTUM, Lever. 
PORRET, Allium porrum. 
PORRIGINE, Porrigo favosa. 
PORRIGINEUX, Porriginous. 
PORRIGINOSUS, Porriginous. 
PORRIG"INOUS, Porrigino'sus, (F.) Porn, 
gineux. Appertaining to porrigo. 
PORRI'GO (L.), 'scurf or scall in the head.' 
Tin'ea, Favus, Furfura'tio, Fur'fures, Ecpye'sia 
porrigo, Phlysis porrigo, from porrigere, ' to 
spread.' (F.) Teigne, Rache. Some of the varie- 
ties are contagious. It is principally character- 
ized by an eruption of the pustules, called favi 
and achores, unaccompanied by fever. 
Porrigo Decal'vans, Tricho'sis a'rea, Area, 
Alope'cia area'ta, A. partia'lis, A. circumscrip'ta, 
Phytoalope'cia, Tyr'ia, Tyro'ma,Ophi'asi8, Tin'ea 
tondens, Herpens tonsu'rans, Limited or partial 
Baldness, consists of patches of baldness without 
decay or change of colour in the surrounding 
hair, the exposed parts of the scalp being glab- 
rous, white, and shining. The morbid condition 
sometimes spreads, so that the patches coalesce, 
rendering the baldness extensive. To a vege- 
table growth found at the roots of the hair 
in Tinea tondens, Malmsten of Stockholm 
has given the name Trichoph'yton tonsu'rans. 
The treatment consists in keeping the scalp 
cleared by constant shaving, and in the steady 
application of some stimulating liniment or oint- 
ment. 
Porrigo Favo'sa, Ce'rion, Favus, Ecpye'sis 
porrigo favosa, Tinea favosa, Sca'bies cap'itis 
favosa, Melice'ra, Meliee'rum, Melice'ria, Mel- 
lifa'vium, Porrigophyte, Honey-comb Scali or 
Tetter, (F.) Teigne faveuse, Porrigine. This con- 
sists in an eruption of pustules common to the 
head, trunk, and extremities, pea-sized, flattened 
at the top, in clusters, often uniting; discharge, 
fetid; scabs, honey-combed ; the cells filled with 
fluid. It occurs both in early and adult life. 
Modern researches have satisfied some observers, 
that the crusts of favus are of vegetable nature, 
and formed of a parasitic plant, belonging to the 
genus mycoderm'a, for which Remak has pro- 
posed the name Achorion Schonleini. The point 
is not, however, settled. The treatment of this 
variety must consist in the exhibition of laxatives 
and the mildest stimulating ointments, such as 
the Ung. zinci, Ung. hydrargyri prcecipitat. alb., 
<tc. Eczema of the hairy scalp is often con- 
founded with Porrigo. 
Porrigo Fur'furans, Ecpyesis porrigo fur- 
fur a' cea, Tinea furfuracea, Tinea porrigino'sa, 
Pityri'asis Tricho'sis furfura'cea, Teigne fur- 
furacee (Alibert), commences with an eruption 
of small achores, the fluid of which soon concretes 
and separates in innumerable, thin, laminated 
scabs, or scale-like exfoliations. It is attended 
with a good deal of itching and some soreness of 
the scalp, to which the disease is confined. It 
occurs chiefly in adults. In the treatment, the 
scalp must be kept shaved. The part must be 
washed repeatedly with soap and water, and an 
oiled silk cap worn. The nature of the ointments 
used must vary according to the period of disease 
and the irritability of the part affected. Zinc 
ointment; - one made with the Cocculus indicus; 
- the Sulphur ointment; - Citrine ointment and 
Ung. hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi; Tar ointment and 
Nitric acid ointment have all been found useful. 
Should inflammation or discharge arise, these 
applications must of course be intermitted. 
Porrigo Larvalis, P. lupinosa. 
Porrigo Larva'lis, Crusta lac'tea, Eepye'sis PORRIGOPHYTE 
Porrigo crusta'cea, Menti'go, Achor, Tin'ea lac'- 
tea, T. Fa'ciei, Milky scall or Tetter, Lactu'men, 
Lacti'go, (F.) Croute de lait, Croilte laiteuse, Feux 
volages, La Graine. This is, almost exclusively, 
a disease of infancy. It commonly appears first 
on the forehead and cheeks, in an eruption of 
numerous, minute, whitish achores on a red sur- 
face. These break and discharge a viscid fluid, 
which becomes incrusted in thin, yellowish, or 
greenish scabs. The patches spread, until the 
whole face becomes, as it were, enveloped in a 
mask; hence the epithet larvalis. The disease 
is rather a variety of Eczema. Sometimes the 
eruption appears on the neck and breast; and, 
occasionally, on the extremities. In general, the 
health of the child does not suffer, but the erup- 
tion is always attended with much itching and 
irritation. The treatment consists in mild, tepid 
ablution, and the application of gently stimu- 
lating ointments, as of the oxydum zinci. The 
bowels must be kept in a soluble state by small 
doses of calomel, or by rhubarb and magnesia. 
Porrigo Lupino'sa, Tin'ea lupi'na, Scabies 
cap'itis, Ecpye'sis porrigo lupino'sa, Porri'go 
larva'lis, Impeti'go fgura'ta, Tin'ea granula'ta, 
T. muco'sa, Crusta lactea (of some), Ment'agra 
infan'turn, (F.) Teigne, Dartre crustacee flaves- 
cente, consists of minute pustules in small patches, 
mostly commencing on the scalp; the patches 
terminate in dry, delving scabs, resembling lupine 
seeds; the interstices often covered with a thin, 
whitish, and exfoliating incrustation. It occurs 
chiefly in early life, and requires the same treat- 
ment as the last. 
Porrigo Scutula'tA, Tin'ea granula'ta, Ec- 
pye'sis porrigo galea'ta, Tinea fico'sa, Acho'res 
Beu Sca'bies cap'itis, Ringworm of the Scalp, 
Scalled head, (F.) Teigne annulaire, T. en anneau, 
T. nummulaire. It commences with clusters of 
small, light, yellow pustules, which soon scab off; 
and, if neglected, become hard by accumulation. 
If the scabs be removed, the surface is left red 
and shining, but studded with slightly elevated 
points. If not attended to, it involves the whole 
head. It occurs in children three or four years 
of age, and is very unmanageable. The rules 
laid down under Porrigo furfurans must be here 
still more perseveringly enforced. The whole 
tribe of stimulating ointments may be used in 
succession. No one will always succeed, and 
hence the necessity of change, provided advan- 
tage should not seem to follow any particular 
application. The tThgruentum ad Seabiem, of Ban- 
yer, sometimes cures, when others fail. 
PORRIGOPHYTE, Porrigo favosa. 
PORRUM, Allium porrum, Thymion. 
PORRUS, Sarcoma, Thymion. 
PORTA, n-vAj?, Pyle, ' a gate.' The part of the 
liver where its vessels enter as by a gate. Also, 
the Vulva. 
Porta Jecoris, Porta vena. 
Porta Vena, Vena portie, V. porta'rum seu 
porta'lis, Rama'lis vena, Jan'itrix, Vena magna 
seu qua ad portas est seu stelechice'a seu lac'tea 
seu ostia'ria, Porta Jec'oris, Porta, Vena arte- 
rio'sa seu arteria'lis, Manus Jec'oris seu he'patis, 
Vena ad portas. The System of the vena, porta 
or the Abdom'inal venous system, (F.) Veine porte, 
Porte veine, is a vascular apparatus of black 
blood, situate in the abdomen, and resulting from 
two distinct orders of vessels, united into one 
common trunk. 1. One of these trunks, much 
more extensive than the other, has received the 
name Vena porta abdomina'lis, because it arises 
from all the organs enclosed in the cavity of the 
abdomen, except the kidneys and bladder; and 
in the female, the uterus. The Abdominal vena 
porta has two principal roots, the splenic vein 
703 
PORTE-VEINE 
and the superior mesenteric, which have their 
ramifications in all the digestive organs. 2. The 
other trunk, destined solely to the liver, has 
been called the Hepat'ic vena porta. It appears 
to be a continuation of the abdominal vena porta, 
and proceeds towards the inferior surface of the 
liver. Opposite to the transverse fissure of that 
organ, it divides, like an artery, into two branches, 
which, by their union, seem to form a canal or k 
duct, called by some the Sinus of the vena porta. 
These branches are distributed in the substance 
of the liver, whither they are accompanied by a 
prolongation of the fibrous capsule of that organ, 
- the capsule of Glisson. The different branches 
of the vena porta are devoid of valves. See Liver. 
PORTAL, from porta, ' a gate.' Relating to 
the porta of the liver, - as the portal system, or 
system of the vena porta. By extension, the 
term has been applied to an analogous system of 
vessels in the kidney. See Kidney. 
Portal Fissure, see Liver - p. System of the 
Kidney, see Kidney-p. Veins of the Kidney, 
see Kidney. 
PORTE-AIGUILLE, Acutenac'ulum, Needle- 
carrier, Needle-bearer, from (F.) porter, 'to car- 
ry,' and aiguille, ' a needle.' An instrument for 
accurately laying hold of a needle, and giving it 
greater length, when it is so fine and small that 
it cannot be held by the fingers. It is of steel or 
silver, about two inches long, and throughout the 
whole, almost, of its length, divided into two 
branches, so as to form a kind of forceps, capable 
of being closed by means of a sliding ring. A 
modification of this instrument was devised by 
Dr. Physick for taking up deep-seated arteries 
beyond the reach of a tenaculum or common 
needle. It consists of a forceps so constructed 
as to hold in its extremity a needle armed with t 
a ligature. The handles of the forceps are fas- 
tened together, temporarily, by a spring or catch; 
and, when the needle is fairly deposited beneath 
the vessel, it is disengaged from the forceps and 
drawn out, leaving the ligature behind, which 
can be tied without difficulty. 
PORTE-BOUGIE, (F.) A silver canula 
similar to that of a trochar, except that it is 
longer. It is used for conducting bougies into 
the urethra. 
PORTE- CA US TIQ UE, Porte-pierre-p. 
Feuille, Subscapularis. 
PORTE-LIGATURE, from porter, 'to carry,' 
and ligature. An instrument for conveying a 
ligature to deep-seated parts. 
PORTE-MECHE (F.), from porter, 'to carry,' 
and miche, ' a tent.' An instrument for carrying 
tents or miches deeply into fistulous openings, or 
sinuses, to the bottom of ulcers, &c. It is a wire 
of silver or steel, four or five inches long, having 
a notch at one extremity, and a button at the 
other. 
PORTE-MOXA, (F.) A small instrument 
for keeping the moxa applied to a part to be 
cauterized. It consists of a metallic ring-sepa- 
rated from the skin by three supports of ebony- 
to which a handle is adapted. 
PORTE-NCEUD (F.), from porter, 'to carry,' 
and noeud, 'a knot.' An instrument for carrying 
a ligature round the base or pedicle of a tumour. 
PORTE-PIERRE (V), Porte-caustigue, Caus- 
tic bearer. An instrument similar to a porte- 
crai/on for carrying lunar caustic. 
PORTE-SONDE, (F.) An instrument resem- 
bling a porte-crayon, employed for holding the 
style or sonde, and inserting it more readily into 
the nasal duct, during the operation for fistula 
lachrymal! s. 
PORTE-VEINE, Porta Vena. PORTER 
PORTER, Cerevisia. 
PORTIO DURA, Facial nerve - p. Inter du- 
ram et mollem, Portio Wrisbergii-p. Intermedia 
Wrisbergii, Portio Wrisbergii - p. Media inter 
portionem duram et portionem mollem, Portio 
Wrisbergii. 
Portio Mollis, Auditory nerve. 
Por'tio Wrisber'gii, Portio interme'dia Wris- 
ber'gii, Portio media inter portionem duram et 
portionem mollem, Portio inter duram, et mollem, 
(F.) Faisceau intermediare de Wrisberg, Inter- 
mediaire de Wrisberg. A small, white fasciculus, 
intermediate between the portio mollis and portio 
dura of the seventh pair of nerves, which was 
first described by Wrisberg. The Chorda Tym- 
pani is supposed by some to emanate from this 
nerve. 
PORTION DU 
SACRO-SPINAL, Longissimus dorsi-p. Ecail- 
leux ou «g>uamei<x du temporal, Squamous portion 
of the temporal -p. Lombaire du plexus crural, 
Lumbar plexus. 
PORTION GODRONNEE DE LA CORNE 
D'AMMON. A name given by Vieq d'Azyr to 
a small, denticulated cord, of a compact tissue 
and granular appearance, which unites the cornu 
ammonis to the paries of the lateral ventricle. 
PORTONARIUM, Pylorus, Duodenum. 
PORTULA'CA, Andrach' ne, Al'lium Gal'licum, 
Portula'ea olera'cea, Purslane, (F.) Pourpier cul- 
tive. This plant abounds with a watery and 
somewhat acid juice; and is often put into soups 
or pickled with spices. It is regarded as anti- 
septic and aperient. 
POROUS, Callus, Meatus - p. Acusticus, Au- 
ditory canal, internal. 
PORUS OP'TICUS. An opening in the centre 
of the cribriform lamella of the sclerotic, through 
which the central artery of the retina enters the 
eyeball. 
POSC A, Oxy crate. 
POSE, Coryza. 
POSIMOS, Potable. 
POSITION, FALSE, False position. 
POSOL'OGY, Posolog"ia, Dosiolog"ia, from 
rroaof, 'quantity,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' Indi- 
cation of the doses in which the different articles 
of the materia medica ought to be exhibited. 
POSSET, Posse'turn, from (L.) posca, 'sour 
wine and water.' Milk curdled with wine, or any 
acid, or treacle. A preparation of beer and milk; 
Zythog' ala. 
Posset, Sack, see Sack-p. Sago, see Sago. 
POSSETING, Regurgitation (of Infants). 
POSTBRACHIALE, Metacarpus. 
POSTCARPIUM, Metacarpus. 
POSTE'RIOR ANNULA'RIS. An external, 
interosseous muscle, which arises from the corre- 
sponding sides of the metacarpal bones of the 
ring-finger and little finger, and is inserted into 
vhe inside of the tendon on the back of the 
ring-finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger 
inwards. 
Posterior Auris, Retrahens auris. 
Posterior In'dicis Manus. An internal, in- 
terosseous muscle, which arises from the inner 
or ulnar side of the metacarpal bone of the fore- 
finger, and is inserted into the inside of the ten- 
don on the back of the fore-finger. Its use is to 
draw the fore-finger inwards. 
Posterior Indicis Pedis, Abduc'tor Indicis 
Pedis An external, interosseous muscle, which 
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal 
bones of the fore-toe, and second of the small 
toes, and is inserted into the outside of the root 
704 
POTASH 
of the first bone of the fore-toe. Its use is to pull 
the fore-toe outwards. 
Posterior Me'dii Dig"iti ManIis. An exter- 
nal, interosseous muscle, which arises from the 
corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
the middle and ring-fingers; and is inserted into 
the inside of the tendon on the back of the mid- 
dle finger. Its use is to draw the middle finger 
inwards. 
Posterior Medii Dig"iti Pedis, Abductor 
medii digiti pedis. An external, interosseous 
muscle, which originates from the contiguous 
sides of the metatarsal bones of the second and 
third of the small toes, and is inserted into the 
outside of the root of the first bone of the second 
of the small toes. Its use is to pull the toe out- 
wards. 
Posterior Ter'tii Dig"iti, Adduc'tor tertii 
digiti. An external, interosseous muscle, which 
arises from the contiguous sides of the metatarsal 
bones of the third and fourth of the small toes, 
and is inserted into the outside of the root of the 
first bone of the third of the small toes. Its use 
is to pull the toe outwards. 
POSTHE, Penis, Prepuce. 
POSTHET'OMIST, Posthet' omus, from iro<r$n, 
'prepuce,' and rogr), 'incision.' One who per- 
forms the operation of circumcision. 
POSTHETOMY, Circumcision. 
POSTHIA, Hordeolum. 
POSTHIOPLAS'TIC, Posthioplas'ticus, from 
iroaSn, ' the prepuce,' and irAaac-w, ' I form.' An 
epithet applied to the operation for restoring the 
prepuce. 
POSTHI'TIS, from m>aOn> 'the prepuce, the 
penis,' and itis, the termination for inflammation. 
Inflammation of the prepuce or penis. 
POSTHIUM, Prepuce. 
POSTHON'CUS, from roaOn, 'the prepuce or 
penis,' and oysos, 'a tumour.' Swelling of the 
prepuce or penis. 
POSTHOPLAS'TICA, from noaOn, 'prepuce,' 
and nXa<rriKos, ' formative.' The art of making a 
new prepuce. 
POST'HUMOUS, from post, 'after,' and humus, 
'the ground.' Occurring after death. 
Posthumous Child. One born after the death 
of its father, or taken from the dead body of its 
mother, as by the Caesarean section. 
POST-MORTEM. ' After death ;' as ' a post 
mortem or necroscopic examination.' 
POST-NATUS. In the old law writers, the 
second son. 
POST-PARTUM. 'After delivery.' As 'post 
partum hemorrhage.' 
POSTPOSIT"IO. Delay in the return of a 
paroxysm. It is opposed to anticipatio, which 
means the return of a paroxysm earlier than its 
accustomed hour. 
In this sense, we speak of an anticipating, and 
a postponing (Febris hysteret'ica) intermittent. 
POSTREMA, Uterus. 
PO'TABLE, Potab'ilis, from potare, 'to drink.' 
Pot'imos, Potos, Pos'imos, ' drinkable.' Water is 
said to be potable, when it contains atmospheric 
air; is not brackish ; and has no mineral impreg- 
nation of consequence. 
POTASH. So called from the pots or vessels 
in which it was made ;-Vegetable alkali, Gastri- 
num. Also, Potass. 
Potash of Commerce, Potassa impu'ra, Im- 
pure potassa, Alu'men cati'num, Cin'eres llus'sici, 
Subcar'bonas potas'sce impu'rus, Potas'sce car'bo- 
nas impurus,-the Pearlash of commerce, is pre- 
pared from the ashes of land-plants by calcina- 
tion, solution in water, filtration, and evaporation. 
It usually consists of subcarbonate of potassa, POTASS 
sulphate of potassa, chloride of potassium, silex, 
oxide of iron, <tc. 
From the ashes of lees of wine, and from vine- 
twigs, a much purer alkali is obtained. It is 
called Cinis infecto'rius, C.fezcum, Cin'eres cla- 
vella'ti, Alu'men fcecum, Cin'eres yravella'ti, (F.) 
Cendres gravities, Cendres de sarment. 
Another variety of the alkali is afforded by 
burning argol in a crucible; afterwards powder- 
ing and calcining it, till it is nearly white; then 
dissolving in water, filtering, and evaporating. It 
is called Salt of Tartar, Sal Tar'tari, Kali pree- 
para'tum e tar'taro, Kali e tartaro, Subcar'bonas 
potassee purls'sinius, Potas'sa: subcar'bonas e tar'- 
taro. Lastly, when wormwood is burnt to ashes, 
dissolved in water, filtered, and evaporated to 
dryness, it affords another variety of vegetable 
alkali, the Sal absin'thii or Salt of wormwood. 
Impure potash is used for preparing the sub- 
carbonate for medical use. 
POTASS, Potassa, Potassa fusa, Potash. The 
protoxide of potassium. 
POTASSA, ACETATE OF, Potassa; acetas - 
p. Bichromate of, Potassa; bichromas - p. Bisul- 
phate of, Potassa; supersulphas-p. Bitartrate of, 
Potassa; supertartras - p. Carbonate of, Potass® 
carbonas - p. Carbonate of, pure, see Potass® 
subcarbonas-p. Chlorate of, Potass® murias hy- 
peroxygenatus - p. Chromate of, Potass® chro- 
mas - p. Chromate of, neutral, Potass® chromas 
- p. Chromate of, yellow, Potass® chromas. 
Potas'sa CUM Calce, Potass with lime, Calx 
cum call puro, Cans'ticum commu'ne for'tius, La- 
pis inferna'lis sive sep'ticus, Kali caus'ticum cum 
calce, Potas'sa ope calcis para'ta et igne fusa, 
Lapis caus'ticus, (F.) Potasse prepares avec la 
chaux, P. <i la Chaux, Pierre a cautere. (Po- 
tassce, Calcis aa §j. Bub together, and keep in 
a well-stopped bottle. Ph. U. S.) Used for the 
same purposes as the next, but more manageable; 
being less deliquescent. 
Potassa, Euchlorate of, Potass® murias 
hyperoxygenatus - p. Ferrocyanate of, Potassii 
ferrocyanuretum-p. Ferroprussiate of, Potass® 
cyanuretum. 
Potassa Fusa, Potassa, Kali caus'ticum, Fused 
potass, Caus'ticum commu'ne acer'rimum, Kali 
purum, Al'kali vegetab'ile fixum caus'ticum, Oaus- 
ticum alkali'num, C. commu'ne, C. Potentia'le, C. 
Sali'num, Hydras ka'licum, Hydras potas'sa: 
puree fusee, Potassa hydras, Lapis caus'ticus, La- 
pis causticus chirurgo' rum, Lapis inferna'lis alca- 
li'nus, L. sep'ticus, Jlupto'rium commu'ne, Fixed 
veg"etable alkali, Hydrate of Potassa, (F.) Po- 
tasse caustique. (Prepared by evaporating solu- 
tion of potass to dryness in an iron vessel.) 
This preparation is generally run into cylindrical 
moulds, covered with paper, and kept in well- 
corked vessels. It is powerfully escharotic, and 
is used for forming issues, curing strictures, <fcc. 
Potassa, Fused, Potassa fusa-p. Hydriodate 
of, Potass® hydriodas - p. Hydrobromate of, see 
Bromine-p. Ilydrocyanate of, Potassii cyanure- 
tum-p. Ilyperoxalas, Potass, oxalate of-p. Hy- 
pertartras, P. supertartras - p. Impura, Potash 
of commerce - p. and Iron, tartrate of, Ferrum 
tartariz.atum-p. with Lime, Potassa cum calce- 
p. Liquida, Liquor potass® - p. Mephite of, Po- 
tass® subcarbonas-p. Monochromate of, Potass® 
chromas-p. Muriate of, Potass® murias-p. Ni- 
trate of, Potass® nitras - p. Ope calcis parata et 
igne fusa, Potassa cum calce - p. Oxy muriate of, 
Potass® murias hyperoxygenatus - p. Prussiate 
of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum - p. and Soda, Tar- 
trate of, Soda, tartrate of-p. Subcarbonate of, 
Potass® subcarbonas - p. Sulphate of, Potass® 
sulphas -p. Sulphate of. acid, Potass® supersul- 
phas-p. Sulphuret of, Potass® sulphuretum-p. 
705 
POTASS.® 
Supercarbonate of, Potassse carbonas-p. Super- 
sulphate of, Potassae supersulphas - p. Supertar- 
trate of, Potassae supertartras- p. Tartrate of, 
Potassae tartras. 
POTASS.® ACE'TAS, Acctas kali, Oxytar'ta- 
rus, Acetas lixiv'iae seu ka'licum, Al'kali tar'tari 
ace'to satura'tum, Alcali vegetob'ile cum aceto, 
Magiste'rium tartari pwrgans, Terra folia'ta Tar- 
tan, Kali aceta'tum, Sal diuret'icus, Sal Senner'ti, 
Ac"etate of potass, Arca'num tartari, (F.) Acetate 
de potasse. (Acid, acetic. Oj, Potasser carbon, q. s. 
Mix and add, by degrees, enough acetic acid to 
saturate the alkali. Then filter and evaporate 
till a pellicle is formed, which is to be dried upon 
bibulous paper; evaporate again in a water-bath, 
and, removing the pellicles, dry. - Ph. U. S.) 
It is cathartic and diuretic. Dose, gj to 3'J, 
or more. 
Potassa? et Alumin.® Sulphas, Alumen - 
p. Biantimonias, Antimonium diaphoreticum - 
p. Bicarbonas, Potassae carbonas. 
Potas'sa? Bichro'mas, Kali chro'micum ru- 
brum seu ac"idum seu bichro'micum, Bichro'mate 
of potas'sa. Procured by adding sulphuric, ni- 
tric, or acetic acid to a solution of the neutral 
chromate, and setting it aside to crystallize. It 
is a violent irritant poison ; and has been used 
as a caustic in cases of morbid growths, in the 
proportion of from half a drachm to a drachm of 
the salt to from an ounce to an ounce and a half 
of water. 
Potass.® Bisulphas, P. supersulphas - p. Bi- 
tartras, P. supertartras. 
Potass.® Car'bonas, Kali aera'tum, Bicar'- 
bonas potassce, Potas'sce bicar'bonas (Ph. U. S.) 
Deutocarbonas potassii, Carbonate, biear'bonate, 
or supercar'bonate of potassa. This is not caus- 
tic, like the subcarbonate of potass, and hence, 
has been preferred to relieve acidity. (Potass, 
carbon, tbiv, Aquce destillat. Ox. Pass carbonic 
acid through the solution until it is saturated, 
and filter. Evaporate at a heat not exceeding 
1GO°, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. 
Carbonic acid is obtained from marble by the 
addition of dilute sulphuric acid. - Ph. U. S.) 
Dose, gr. x to Jss. It is used in forming the 
soda powders, as well as for its antacid properties. 
Potass.® Carbonas, P. subcarbonas - p. Car- 
bonas impurus, P. subcarbonas - p. Carbonas 
purus, see P. subcarbonas-p. Chloras, P. murias 
hyperoxygenatus-p. Chloruretum oxydatum, P. 
murias hyperoxygenatus. 
Potas'sa: Chromas, Kali chro'micum jlavum 
seu neutra'le, Neutral yellow Chromate, or Mono- 
chromate of potassa. Prepared by igniting a 
mixture of four parts of native chromite of iron 
(chrome-iron ore) and one part of nitre; dissolv- 
ing out the chromate of potassa by water, and 
crystallizing. It has been used as an emetic, ex- 
pectorant and diaphoretic. Dose, as an emetic, 
from two to four grains; as an expectorant, from 
Jth to | grain. In the proportion of one drachm 
to 32 ounces of water, it has been used as an an- 
tiseptic wash - called by Jacobson, Liquor con- 
serva'trix. 
Potass.E ClTRAS, Citrate of potassa. (Acid, 
citric, Potass, bicarb, Aq. q. s. Dis- 
solve the acid in the water; and after efferves- 
cence has ceased, strain and evaporate to dryness. 
The salt is deliquescent, and must be kept in 
well-stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) It possesses 
the refrigerant properties of the neutral salts, 
and may be given in fever, when to do little or 
nothing is the most advisable course. Dose, gr. x 
to Xss. 
Potassa? et Ferri Tartras, Ferri tartariza- 
tum - p. Hydras. Potassa fusa. 
Potass.® Hydri'odas, Potasses Protohydri'o* POTASSJE 
das, Potas'sii protoxi'di hydri'odas, Kali Hydri- 
odin'icum, K. Hydriod'icum, Hydriodas Ka'licus, 
Hydri'odate of potass, (F.) Hydriodate de potasse. 
If a solution of potass be poured on iodine, an 
iodate and hydriodate are formed. These may 
be separated by means of alcohol, which only 
dissolves the latter of these salts. The hydrio- 
date, or rather the I'odide of Potas'sium, Kalium 
loda'tum, Potassii loduretum seu lo'didum, (F.) 
lodure de potassium, may be obtained by evapo- 
ration. When the Iodide of potassium is dis- 
solved in water, it becomes the Hydriodate of 
Potassa. The following is the formula in the 
Ph. U. S. Potass. gvj ; lodin. in pulv. ; 
Carbon, ligni in pulv. subtiliss. jij ; Aq. bullient. 
Oiij. Dissolve the potassa in the water; add the 
iodine gradually, stirring until the solution be- 
comes colourless, and continue the additions until 
the liquid remains slightly coloured from excess 
of iodine. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the 
charcoal towards the close. Rub to powder, and 
heat to dull redness in an iron crucible, keeping 
up the temperature for 15 minutes. When cool, 
dissolve out the saline matter with pure water, 
filter the solution, evaporate and set aside to 
crystallize. By evaporating and crystallizing as 
before, an additional quantity of crystals may be 
obtained. Virtues, - those of iodine. 
Potassa: Mu'rias, Sal Digest! vus vel Sal fe- 
brif'ugus Syl'vii, Muriate of Potass, Spir'itus 
sails mari'ni coagula'tus. Bitter and refrigerant. 
Potassa: Mu'rias Hyperoxygena'tus, Po- 
tasses Chloras, P. oxymu' rias, Oxymu'riate or 
hyperoxy mu' riate of potass, Chlorate of potas'sa, 
Euehlo'rate of potass, Alcali vegetab'ile sali'to- 
dephlogistica'turn, Ohlorure'turn potas'see oxyda'- 
tum, Halo'i'dum oxygena'tum, Oxyge'no-Chloru- 
re'tum potas'sli, P rotochlo' rate of potas'sium, Kali 
chlo'riewn, Chloras Ka'licus depura'tus, (F.) Chlo- 
rate de potasse. It has been regarded as anti- 
neuropathic, and as an alterative purifier of the 
blood and humours. It is of doubtful efficacy. 
Dose, 3 to 6 grains or more. 
Potas'sa; Nitras, Nitrate of Potass, Nitrum, 
Sal nitrum, Nitre, Saltpetre, Sal petra, Salse'do 
mucrum, Sanguin'ea, Herenic"ium, Halini'trum, 
Proton! trate of Potas'sium, Nitrate of protox' ide 
of Potassium, Kali ni'tricum, Nitras ka'licum, 
Nitras lixiv'ia, (F.) Nitrate de potasse. Ob- 
tained from the putrefaction of animal matters, 
in contact with calcareous or alkaline earths, by 
elixiviation; adding, if necessary, wood-ashes to 
supply the alkaline basis. It is formed, in an 
impure state, by nature, in warm climates. 
It is diuretic and refrigerant, and, in large 
doses, purgative; externally, cooling and deter- 
gent. Dose, gr. x to In large doses it is 
an acrid poison. 
Potassa: Nitras Fusus Sulpha'tis Paucil'lo 
Mixtus, Sal prunel' la, Crystal'lus minera'lis, 
Nitras potas'see cum sul'phure fusus, Nitrum tabu- 
la'tum, Lapis Pruuel'la, Sore-throat salt, Min'e- 
ral crystal, Anod'ynum minera'le. Nitrate of 
potass, mixed with a little sulphate of potass and 
run into moulds. Its properties are those of 
nitre. 
Potassa: Ox'alas, Superox'alate of Protox'ide 
of Potas'sium, Ox'alas Acid'ulum Potas'sa seu 
Potas'sa acid'ulus seu ba'sicus, Superox'alas ka'- 
licum, S. Potassa, Hyperoxalas Potassa, Sal Ace- 
tosel'la, Oxa'lium, Kali oxal'icum acid'ulum, Ox'- 
alas subpotas'sicus, Oxalate of Potass, Salt of 
Sorrel. Prepared from the juice of wood sorrel. 
J t is refrigerant, and is used to make lemonade, 
&c. 
Potassa: Oxalas Acidulum, Potass, oxalate 
of-p. Oxymurias, P. murias hyperoxygenatus- 
p. Protohydriodas, P. hydriodas - p. Pur as fustc 
706 
POTASSA7. 
hydra?, Potassa fusa - p. et Sndre tartras, Soda, 
tartrate of. 
Potass.® Subcar'bonas, P. Car'bonas (Ph. 
U. S.), Subcar'bonas Kali, Car'bonas Potassa, 
Kali pratpara'tum, Sal Herba'rum, Calca'rcous 
Tartar, Sal Planta'rum, Subcarbonate of Potass, 
Sal Tar'tari, Sal Absin'thii, Mephite of Potass, 
Ac. (See Potash.) A filtered solution of the im- 
pure subcarbonate, Potas'sa car'bonas impu'rus 
(Ph. U. S.) Pearl-ash (see Potash,) evaporated to 
dryness. This deliquescent salt is given in the 
same cases as the potassae carbonas, than which 
it is more caustic and disagreeable. 
The Parisian codex has a Subcar'bonas Potas' sat 
ex tar'taro combus'to, vulgo Sal Tartari or Salt of 
Tartar - it is the Potassa carbonas purus, Pure 
Carbonate of Potassa, Ph. U. S.; a Subcarbonas 
Potassa ex defiagran'tibus simul tar'trate acid'ulo 
et Nitrate Potassa paratus, vulgo Nitrum ex tar- 
taro fixum ; and a Subcarbonas potassa ex defia- 
gran'te cum Carbo'nibus Nitra'te Potassa para- 
tus, vulgo Nitrum fixum. They are all used like 
the preceding. 
Potassa: Subcarbonas Impurus, Potash of 
commerce. 
Potass.® Sulphas, Kali vitriola'tum, Sulphas 
Kali, Kali sulphu'ricum, Lixiv'ia vitriola'ta, Ni- 
trum vitriolatum Schroederi, Sal Sapien'tia, Sal 
Tar'tari Sulphura'tum, Specif'icum Paracel'si, 
Spi'ritus vitrioli. coagula'tus Mynsichti, Proto- 
sulph'ate of Potas'sium, Al'kali vegeta'bile vitri- 
olatum, Sal de duobus, Area'num duplica'tum, 
Nitrum vitriola'tum, Tar'tarum vitriolatum, Pa- 
nace'a Ducis Holsa'tia, Panace'a duplica'ta, Sal 
Polychres'tus, Sulphate of Potass, (F.) Sulfate de 
potasse. (The salt, that remains after the distil- 
lation of nitric acid, dissolved; the excess of acid 
saturated with subcarbonate of potass and crys- 
tallized.) Purgative and diuretic. Dose, Jss to 
gj as a laxative. In a large dose it has proved 
an irritant poison. 
Potass.® Sulphascum Sul'phure; Sal Poly- 
chres'tus Glase'ri, Lixiv'ia Vitriola'ta Sulphu'rea. 
(Formed by deflagrating nitrate of potass with 
sublimed sulphur.) Same virtues as the last. 
Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
Potassa: Sulphure'tum, Potas'sii Sulphure'- 
tum, P. tersulphure'turn, Kali sulphuretum, Hepar 
Sulph'uris sali'num, II. sulphu'ris vulga're, Sul- 
phure'tum lixiv'ia, S. ka'licum, Hepar Sulphuris, 
Liver of Sulphur, Sulphuret of Potass, (F.) Sul- 
fure de potasse, Sulfure de potassium sulfate, 
Foie de Soufre. (Sulphur. gj, Potassa carb. 
Rub them together, and place the mixture in a 
covered crucible upon the fire until they unite.) 
It has been employed in affections of the chest, 
as an expectorant, in the dose of from gss to gj, 
largely diluted; but it is chiefly used as a bath 
or wash in cases of itch, tinea capitis, and other 
cutaneous affections. 
Potassa: Superoxalas, Potassae oxalas. 
Potassa: Supersul'phas, P. Bisulphas, Sal 
enix'um, Supersulphate of Potass, Sal febrif'u- 
gus of Lem'ery, Acid Sulphate of Potass, Bisul- 
phate of Potass, Super-protosulphate of Potas'- 
sium, (F.) Bisulfate, de Potasse. (The salt re- 
maining after the distillation of nitric acid, dis- 
solved, strained, and crystallized.) It is refrige- 
rant and purgative. Dose, gss to gij. 
Potassa: Supertar'tras Impu'rus, Tar'tarus 
crudus, Tar'tarum, Lapis vini, Magneti'nus, Pe- 
dagra, Tartar, (F.) Tartre cru, T. brut. It is 
called, also, Tartarum rubrum and Bed Argol, 
when obtained from red wines; Tartarum album 
or White Argol, when from white wines. Tartar 
is the saline deposit from wines as they become 
aged; which attaches itself to the sides of the 
casks and bottles in which they are kept. It POTASSE 
consists of a considerable quantity of acidulous 
tartrate of potass, tartrate of lime, silica, alumen, 
oxyd of iron, manganese, and a red colouring 
matter, if the wine be red. It is chiefly used for 
the preparation of cream of tartar. 
Potassa: Supertar'tras, Crystal'll Tar'tari, 
Tartras Acid'ulus Potassa purus, Supertar'trate 
of Protox'ide of Potas' slum, Potas'sa Bitar'tras 
(Ph. U. S.), P. tartras ac"ida, Bitartrate or Su- 
pertartrate of Potass, Hypertartras Potassa, Tar- 
tras superpotas' sicus, T. subpotas'sicus, Crystals 
of Tartar, Cremor Tar'tari, Cream of tartar 
(when in powder,) Supertar'trate of Potass, (F.) 
Tartrate aeide de potasse, Creme de Tartre. (The 
tartar of wine purified.) It requires 120 parts of 
water at 60° to dissolve it. It is mildly purga- 
tive, refrigerant and diuretic. Dissolved in water, 
with a small quantity of white wine, some sugar 
and lemon-peel, it forms an agreeable beverage 
in febrile diseases, under the name of imperial. 
Dose, as a diuretic, gj to Jij; as a purgative, 
to £j. 
Potassa?: Tartras, Kali tartariza'tum, Al'cali 
fixum tartarisatum, Tar'tarum solu'bile, Tartarus 
tartariza'tus, Lixiv'ia Tartar!sa'ta, Sal Pan- 
chres'tum, Tartras Kalinus, T. lixiv'ia, Sal vege- 
tab'ilis, Alkali, vegetab'ile tartarizatum, Tartrate 
of Potass, Soluble Tartar, (F.) Tartrate de Po- 
tasse. (Potassa carbon, Potassa Bitar- 
trat. in pulv. subtiliss. tbiij, vel q. s., aqua bulli- 
entis, cong. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in 
the water, add the bitartrate to saturation, and 
boil; filter, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and 
set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid; 
dry the crystals on bibulous paper, and keep in 
closely-stopped bottles. - Ph. U. S.) A saline 
cathartic in the dose of SJij to 5j. 
Potass.® Tartras Acida, P. supertartras-p. 
Tartras acidulus purus, P. supertartras p. Tar- 
tras stibialis seu stibiosus, Antimoniuin tartariza- 
tum. 
POTASSE, ACETATE DE, Potass® acetas 
- p. Bisulphate de, Potass® supersulphas-p. 
Caustique, Potassa fusa-p. d la Chaux, Potassa 
cum calce -p. Chlorate de, Potass® murias hy- 
peroxygenatus-p. Hydriodate de, Potass® hy- 
driodas-p. Liqui.de, Liquor potass®-p. Nitrate 
de, Potass® nitras- p. Prepares avec la chaux, 
Potassa cum calce-p. et de Sonde, tartrate de, 
Soda, tartrate of-p. Sulfate de, Potass® sulphas, 
p. Sulfure de, Potass® sulphuretum-p. Tartrate 
de, Potass® tartras-p. Tartrate, acide de, Po- 
tass® supertartras. 
POT AS'S II BRO'MIDUM.Potas's® hydrobro' - 
mas, (F.) Bromure de Potassium, Bromide of potas- 
sium. (Bromin, ; Ferri fili, 5.) ; Potass, car- 
bon. and vel q. s.; Aq. destillat., Oiv. Add 
the iron filings and bromine to a pint and a half 
of the water; stirring for half an hour. Apply a 
gentle heat, and when the liquor assumes a 
greenish colour, add gradually the carbonate of 
potassa, dissolved in Oiss of the water, until it 
ceases to cause a precipitate. Continue the heat 
for half an hour, and filter. Wash the precipi- 
tate with the remaining water, boiling hot, and 
filter. Mix the liquors and crystallize by evapo- 
ration. Ph. U. S.) Virtues : - those of iodide 
of iron. 
Potassii Cyanidum, P. Cyanuretum. 
Potas'sii Cyanure'tum, P. Cyan' idum, Cya- 
nuret of Potassium, Hydrocy'anatp of Potassa, 
(Potassii Ferrocyanur., in pulv. 5viij; Potass. 
Carbonal., ex siccat., §iij. Mix intimately and 
throw into a deep iron crucible, heated to red- 
ness ; keep up the heat till effervescence ceases, 
and the fused mass concretes, of a pure white 
colour, upon a warm glass rod dipped into it; 
then pour out the liquid carefully into a shallow 
707 
POTENTILLA 
dish, to solidify, stopping before the salt becomes 
contaminated with the precipitated iron. Break 
up the mass whilst warm, and preserve in well- 
stopped bottles. Ph. U. S.) Used in the same 
cases as the hydrocyanic acid. Dose, a quarter 
of a grain. 
Potassii Deuto-carbonas, Potassae carbonas. 
Potassii Ferrocyanure'tum, P. Ferrocyan1- 
idum, Ferrocy'anide or Ferrocy an'uret of Potas- 
sium, Ferrocy'ana.te of Potassa, Ferroprussiate of 
Potassa, Prussiate of Potassa, (F.) Protocyanure 
jaune de fer et de potassium, Cyanure de fer et de 
potassium. The yellow double cyanuret of po- 
tassium and iron, the salt from which the cyanu- 
ret of potassium is obtained by calcination. It is 
not much used in medicine. It has been advised 
as an astringent in the colliquative sweats of 
phthisis, in leucorrhoea, <te.; but it does not 
seem to be possessed of much activity. Dose, 10 
or 15 grains every four or five hours. 
Potassii Hydrargyro-iodidum, Potassa lodo- 
hydrar'gyras, Hydrargyrum biiodatum cum kalio 
iodato, Kalium iodatum hydrargyratum, lodhy- 
drar'gyrate of Potassium, Hydrargyro-iodide of 
Potassium. This salt is made by the combination 
of iodide of-potassium with red iodide of mercury. 
Its properties are similar to those of the iodides 
of mercury, but in a less degree. 
Potassii Iodidum, Potassa; hydriodas-p. lo- 
duretum, Potassae hydriodas - p. Oxygeno-chlo- 
ruretum, Potassae murias hyperoxygenatus - p. 
Protoxidi hydriodas, Potassae hydriodas-p. Sul- 
phuretum, Potassa; sulphuretum-p. Tersulphu- 
retura, Potassae sulphuretum. 
POTASSIUM. Same etymon as potash. The 
metallic base of potassa. 
POTASSIUM, BROMURE DE, see Bromine 
-p. Cyanuret of, Potassii cyanuretum-p. Ferro- 
cyanide of, Potassii ferrocyanuretum - p. Ferro- 
cyanuret of, Potassii Ferrocyanuretum-p. Iodide 
of, Potassae hydriodas - p. lodohydrargyrate of, 
Potassii hydrargyro-iodidum-p. lodure de, Po- 
tassae hydriodas - p. Oxide of, Potass-p. Proto- 
arsenite of, Arsenite of protoxide of potassium-p. 
Protochlorate of, Potassae murias hyperoxygena- 
tus-p. Protonitrate of, Potassae nitras - p. Pro- 
toxide of, Potass-p. Protoxide of, nitrate of, Po- 
tassae nitras - p. Protoxide of, superoxalate of, 
Potass, oxalate of-p. Protoxide of, supertartrate 
of, Potassae supertartras - p. Protosulphate of, 
Potassae sulphas-p. Sulfure de, sulfate, Potassae 
sulphuretum - p. Sulphuret of, Potassae sulphu- 
retum-p. Superprotosulphate of, Potassic super- 
sulphas. 
POTATO, Solanum tuberosum-p. Fly, Lytta 
vittata - p. Hog, Convolvulus panduratus - p. 
Spanish, Convolvulus batatas-p. Sweet, Convol- 
vulus batatas - p. Vine, wild, Convolvulus pan- 
duratus-p. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
POTBELLY, Physconia. 
POTELEE, Ilyoscyamus. 
POTENTIA, Force. 
Poten'tia seu Potes'tas CoBun'di, Capability 
of copulation. 
Potentia Generan'di. The power of procre- 
ation. 
Potentia Irritans, Stimulus. 
POTEN'TIAL, Potential lie; from jooteas, 'able.' 
An epithet for remedies which, although energe- 
tic, do not act till some time after their applica- 
tion. The caustic alkalies, for instance, are 
called Potential cauteries in contradistinction to 
the hot iron, which is termed actual. 
POTENTILLA, P. reptans. 
Potentil'la Anseri'na, P. argenti'na seu im- 
po'lita seu neglec'ta, Argenti'na vulga'ris, Fro- 
ga'ria anseri'na, Argentine, Chenobos'con, Ar- 
genta'ria, Anseri'na, Silver Weed, Wild Tansy, POTERIUM 
(F.) Argentine, Potentille. The leaves are mildly 
astringent and tonic. 
Potentilla Argentina, P. anserina - p. Im- 
polita, P. anserina-p. Neglecta, P. anserina. 
Potentilla Norveg"ica, Norway Cinque-foil, 
an indigenous plant, is possessed of similar pro- 
perties. 
Potentilla Palustris, Comarum palustre. 
Potentil'la Reptans, Pentaphyl'lum, Fraga'- 
ria pentaphyl'lum, Potentil'la, Quinquefo'lium, 
Q. majus, Common cinquefoil, (F.) Quintefeuille. 
The roots are possessed of astringent properties. 
Potentilla Tormentilla, Tormentilia. 
POTERIUM SANGUISORBA, Pimpinella 
saxifraga. 
POT ESTAS COEUNDI, Potentia coeundi-p. 
Generandi, Potentia generandi. 
POTEX, Anus. 
POTHOS FCETIDA, Dracontium foetidum-p. 
Putorii, Dracontium foetidum. 
POTIMOS, Potable. 
POTIO, Drink, Haustus, Potion - p. Calcis 
carbonatis, Mistura cretae - p. Effervescens anti- 
emetica, Potion of Riverius - p. Leniens, Looch 
ex ovo - p. Oleosa, Looch ex ovo - p. Picea, see 
Pinus sylvestris. 
POTION (F.), Potio; from poto, 'I drink.' 
A liquid medicine, from 4 to 8 ounces or more in 
quantity, the composition of which varies, and 
which is administered in divided doses. It cor- 
responds to the English mixture. 
POTION PECTORALE, Looch ex ovo. 
Potion of Rive'rius. A mixture of Lemon 
Juice and Subcarbonate of Potass,- generally 
given in a state of effervescence. It is the Potio 
efferves'cens anti-emet'ica dicta Rive'rii, of the 
Parisian codex. The name in the codex indi- 
cates its use. 
POTIONIS DESIDERIUM, Thirst. 
POTIRON, Cucurbita pepo. 
POTIUNCULA, Haustus. 
POTOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
POTOS, Potable. 
POTOTROMOPARANCEA, Delirium tremens. 
POTT'S DISEASE, Vertebral disease. 
POT US, Drink-p. Ilippocraticus, Claret. 
POU, Pediculus. 
POUCE, Pollex, see Digitus. 
POUCHED, Encysted. 
POUDRE, Powder, Pulvis-p. Absorbante et 
anti-acide, p. Pulvis de magnesia compositus-p. 
d'Alun composie, Pulvis sulphatis aluminas com- 
positus- p. Antiarthritique amere, Pulvis de 
amaris compositus-p. Anti'astAmatigue, Pulvis 
de sulphure et scilla-p. Antimoniale composee ou 
de James, Antimonial powder-p. Aromatique, 
Pulvis einnamomi compositus-p. d'Asarum com- 
posee dite sternutatoire, Pulvis asari compositus 
-p. Balsamique, Pulvis myrrhae compositus-p. 
de Birckmann, Pulvis de aro compositus-p. de 
Blanchement, Calcis chloridum-p. de Cannelle 
composee, Pulvis einnamomi compositus-p. Ca- 
thart ique, Pulvis scammoneae compositus - p. de 
Chy pre, see Cladonia rangiferrina-p. du Comte 
de Palme, Magnesias Carbonas - p. Cornachine, 
Pulvis cornachini-p. de Come bridle avec opium, 
Pulvis cornu usti cum opio -p. de Craie compo- 
see avec opium, see Pulvis cretae compositus cum 
opio - p. de Dower, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compo- 
situs-p. de Dupuytren, Powder of Dupuytren- 
-p. Gazifire laxative. Powders, Seidlitz-p. Ga- 
zifire simple, Powders, soda-p. de Gomme 
adragant composee, Pulvis tragacanthas compo- 
situs -p. de Gomme gutte, Pulvis e gutnmi gut til 
-p. Hydragogue, Pulvis e gummi gutttl-p. Inci- 
sive, Pulvis de sulphure et scilla-p. d'Ipecacu- 
anha et opium, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus- 
p. de Jalap composee, Pulvis jalapas compositus 
708 
POURPIER 
-p. de Kino composte, Pulvis kino compositus- 
p. de Ptrard, Pulvis de senna, scammonio et 
lignis-p. de Quercetanus, Pulvis e gummi gutta 
-p. de Saint Ange, Pulvis asari compositus-p. 
de Savon vtgttale, Pulvis gummosus alkalinus-p. 
de Scammonte composte, Pulvis scammoneae com- 
positus-p. de Sedlitz, Powders, Seidlitz-p. de 
Stnt composte, Pulvis senna? comp.-p. de Sen- 
tinelli, Magnesia? carbonas-p. Styptique, Pulvis 
sulphatis alumina compositus. 
POU DRE SUBTIL DE DELCROIX. A 
fashionable depilatory " for removing superfluous 
hair in less than ten minutes." It is said to con- 
sist of Quicklime and Sulphuret of Arsenic, with 
some vegetablepowder.- Paris. 
POUDRE TEMP ER ANTE DE STAHL, 
Pulvis de Sulphate potass® compositus-p. de 
Tennant, Calcis chloridum-p. de Valentini, Mag- 
nesiae carbonas-p. Vermifuge mercurielle, Pulvis 
e sulphureto hydrargyro nigro et scammonio-p. 
Vermifuge sans mercure, Pulvis ex helminthocorto 
compositus. 
POUGUES, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
alkaline waters are in the department of Nievre, 
France. They contain carbonic acid, carbonates 
of soda, lime, and magnesia; chloride of sodium, 
alumina, and silica, with protoxide of iron. 
POULAIN, Bubo. 
POULET, VIN DE (F.), Pullet Wine. A 
disgusting preparation, made by infusing the ex- 
crement of the pullet in white wine. According 
to Nysten, it is employed by the vulgar in Francs 
in a number of diseases, and especially in falls, 
contusions, <fcc. 
POULIOT, Mentha pulegium. 
POULS, Pulse-p. Abdominal, Pulsus inferior 
-p. des Adultes, Pulse, natural-p. Agite, Pulsus 
fortis -p. Bas, Pulse, low -p. Capital, Pulse, 
nasal-p. Combint, Pulse, complex-p.Compliqut, 
Pulse, complex-p. Compost, Pulse, complex-p. 
Concentrt. Pulse, contracted-p. Dtfaillant, Pul- 
sus deficiens-p. Deprimt, Pulse, depressed-p. 
de la Diarrhte, Pulse, intestinal-p. Dur, Pulse, 
hard-p. Elect, Pulse, ardent - p. Embarrasse, 
Pulsus intricatus-p. de TEstomac, Pulse, sto- 
machal- p. Etroit, Pulsus strictus-p. de VEx- 
pectoration, Pulse, pectoral-p. Faible, Pulse, 
feeble - p. du Foie, Pulse, hepatic-p. Grand, 
Pulse, large-p. Insensible, Pulsus deficiens - p. 
Intercadent, Pulse, intermittent-p. des Intestine, 
Pulse, intestinal-p. Languissant, Pulse, languid 
-p. Lent, Pulse, slow-p. de la Matrice, Pulsus 
uterinus-p. Modtrt, Pulse, natural-p. Mou, 
Pulse, soft -p. de Nez, Pulse, nasal -p. Ondoy- 
ant, Pulse, undulating-p. Ondulant, Pulse, un- 
dulating- p. Palpitant, Pulse, tremulous-p. 
Parfait, Pulse, natural-p. Petit, Pulse, small- 
p. Plein, Pulse, full-p. Prtcipitt, Pulse, frequent 
-p. Profond, Pulse, deep-p. Prompt, Pulse, 
sharp-p. Rare, Pulse, slow - p. Rebondissant, 
Pulsus dicrotus - p. Redoublt, Pulsus dicrotus-• 
p. des Regies, Pulsus uterinus-p. Roide, Pulse, 
tense-p. Serratile, Pulsus serrinus-p. Serrt, 
Pulse, contracted-p. de la Sueur, Pulsus sudo- 
ralis-p. Tardif, Pulse, slow-p. Tendu, Pulse, 
tense - p. Tremblant, Pulse, tremulous - p. de 
I'Urine, Pulsus urinalis-p. Vthtment, Pulsus for- 
tis-p. Ventral, Pulsus inferior-p. Vide, Pulsus 
vacuus-p. Vif,Pulse, sharp-p. Vite, Pulse, sharp. 
POULTICE, see Cataplasm. 
POUNCE, Sandarac. 
POUND, Libra, Litra, Xirpa, Lat. Pondo, Ba- 
ge'dia (of twelve 07,.), Barda'dia, (F.) Livre, 
from pondere, ' to weigh.' A weight, consisting 
of twelve ounces Troy, - sixteen ounces avoirdu- 
poise. See Weights and Measures. 
POURPIER CULTIVE, Portnlaca. POURPRE 
POURPRE BLANC, Miliary fever. 
POURRITURE, Putrefaction-p. d'HGpital, 
Hospital gangrene. 
POUS, Pes. 
POUSSE, Pursiness. 
POUSSE E, Lichen. 
POUSSIERE TUBERCULEUSE (F.), 'Tu- 
berculous Dust.' A name given by MM. Rilliet 
and Barthez to fine white or yellow minute points 
of tuberculous matter occurring in myriads, so as 
to be likened to dust. 
POWDER, Pulvis. 
Powder of ASthio'pia, Guy's. A once cele- 
brated anthelmintic, which consisted of pure 
rasped tin, mercury, and sulphur, triturated to- 
gether. 
Powder of Aloes, Compound, Pulvis aloes 
compositus, Pulvis sulphatis aluminae compositus 
- p. of Aloes with canella, Pulvis aloes cum ca- 
nella, - p. Antimonial, Chenevix's, Antimonial 
powder - p. Aromatic, Pulvis aromaticus. 
' Powder, Arsenical, of Come, Cdme's powder 
- a caustic-is formed of arsenious acid, gr. x; 
red sulphuret of mercury, gr. xl; powdered ani- 
mal charcoal, gr. x. It is made into a paste with 
mucilage. 
Powder of Arum, compound, Pulvis de aro 
compositus-p. of Asarabacca, compound, Pulvis 
asari compositus - p. of Bladder-wrack, yellow, 
Pulvis quercfts marinae- p. Bleaching, Calcis 
chloridum-p. Camboge, Pulvis e gummi gutta- 
p. Cardinal del Lugo's, Cinchona - p. of Chalk, 
compound, Pulvis cretae compositus-p. of Chalk 
with opium, compound, Pulvis cretae compositus 
cum opio - p. of Cinnamon, compound. Pulvis 
cinnamomi compositus-p. Come's, Powder arse- 
nical of Cfime - p. of Contrayerva, compound, 
Pulvis contrayerva; compositus - p. Countess's, 
Cinchona-p. Countess of Kent's, Cantianus pul- 
vis- p. Cyprus, Hibiscus abelmoschus - p. Do- 
ver's, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus. 
Powder of Dupuytren (Caustic;) (F.) Pou- 
dre de Dupuytren, formed of 1 part of arsenious 
acid and 200 parts of mild chloride of mercury. 
A mild and manageable caustic for causing an 
eschar on exposed surfaces, and in lupus, Ac. 
Powder, Earl of Warwick's, Pulvis eorna- 
chini-p. of Ethiopia, Powder of 
Powder of Faynard. A celebrated powder 
for arresting hemorrhage, said to be nothing 
more than the charcoal of beech wood finely pul- 
verized. 
Powder, Fever, Schwanberg's, Antimonial 
powder. 
Powder-Folder. In Pharmacy, an apparatus 
by which papers containing powders are folded 
of the desired length. 
Powder. Ginger-beer, see Amomum zingiber 
-p. Gout, Duke of Portland's, Pulvis Ducis Port- 
landias-p. of Burnt hartshorn with opium, Pul- 
vis cornu cervi cum opio-p. Ipecacuanha com- 
pound, Pulvis ipecacuanhas compositus •-p. of 
Jalap, compound, Pulvis jalapae composifus - p. 
James's, factitious, Antimonial powder-p. Je- 
suit's, Cinchona-p. of Kino, compound, Pulvis 
kino compositus-p. of Lemonade, see Lemonade 
-p. of Magnesia, compound, Pulvis de magne- 
sia. compositus - p. of the Marquis, Marchionis 
pulvis-p. Mead's, against the bite of a Mad dog, 
Pulvis antilyssus - p. Myrrh, compound, Pulvis 
myrrhae compositus - p. Portland, Pulvis Ducis 
Portlandiae -p. of the three Sanders, see Dia- 
trium-p. Scammony and aloes, Pulvis scarnmo- 
nii cum aloe - p. Scammony compound, Pulvis 
scammoniae compositus-p. of Senna, compound, 
Pulvis sennae compositus-p. Sneezing, see Vera- 
trum album-p. Spruce beer, see Spruce beer- 
709 
PRAECORDIA 
p. Tennant's, Calcis chloridum-p. Tooth, Denti- 
fricium-p. Tragacanth, compound, Pulvis traga- 
canth a) compositus. 
Powder, Vien'na, is composed of equal parts 
of quicklime and potassa cum calce. In using 
it, it is made into a paste - Vienna paste, (F.) 
Caustique de Vienne-with spirits of wine, and is 
applied on the diseased part, previously circum- 
scribed by a hole cut in a sticking plaster. 
To be left on from 10 to 20 minutes, according 
to the depth of the eschar required. Used in 
cases of lupous ulceration. 
By fusing the potass and lime, and raising the 
heat so as to cause ebullition, the caustic may be 
run into cylinders when it is called Caustique- 
Filhos, Caus'ticum Viennen'se fusum Filhos, from 
the name of the author of the process. 
Powders, Castillon, so called from the name 
of the physician who first proposed them. They 
are formed of sago, in powder; salep, in powder; 
tragacanth, in powder, each, four parts; pre- 
pared oyster-shells, one part, cochineal, half a 
part, divided into powders of one drachm each; 
one of which is given three or four times a day as 
a demulcent in diarrhoea and dysentery. 
Powders, Soda, Pul'veres effervescen'tes, (F.) 
Poudres gaziferes simples. (Soda carb. 3SS, in 
each blue paper; tartaric acid, gr. xxv in each 
white paper ; for half a pint of water.) A pleasant, 
cooling drink ; taken during the effervescence. 
Seidlitz Powders, (F.) Poudres gaziferes laxa- 
tives ou Poudres de Seidlitz, contain one or two 
drachms of tartrate of potassa and soda, added 
to the alkali in the blue paper. 
POWER, Faculty-p. Inherent, Irritability- 
p. Tonic, Irritability. 
POX, Syphilis, Variola-p. Chicken, Varicella 
-p. Doctor, Syphilidiater - p. French, Syphilis 
-p. Grease, see Grease-p. Noddle, Syphiloma- 
nia-p. Small, Variola-p. Swine, see Varicella- 
p. Water, see Varicella. 
POZZUOLI, MINERAL WATERS OF. Poz- 
zuoli is in the neighbourhood of Naples. The 
springs are, 1. Acqua della pietra, Temp. 91° Fah. 
2. Acqua di Cavalcanti, Temp. 100°. A. di sub- 
veni homini, Temp. 102°; A. del cantarello, Temp. 
86 to 89°; and that of the Temple of Serapis in 
Pozzuoli, Temp. 102 to 107°. The last contains 
carbonic acid, carbonates of lime, magnesia, alu- 
mina, and iron, carbonate of soda, chloride of 
sodium, sulphate of lime, and silica. 
PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, Therapeutics. 
PRACTITIONER, GENERAL, Surgeon apo- 
thecary-p. Irregular, see Irregular-p. Regular, 
see Regular-p. Routine, Routinist. 
PRA3BIUM, Dose. 
PRA5CAUTIO, Prophylaxis. 
PRASCIPITANS MAGNUM, Sepia. 
PRASCIPITATUM ALBUM, Hydrargyrum 
praecipitatum. 
PRAECIPITATUS RUBER, Hydrargyri ni- 
trico-oxydum. 
PRA5CISIO PRA3PUTII, Circumcision. 
PR2ECOCIA, Prunus Armeniaca. 
PRECOCITY, Prseotia. 
PRA3COGNITIO, Prognosis. 
PRAECORD'IA, from pra, 'before,' and cor, 
' the heart.' The diaphragm; also, the thoracic 
viscera, and the epigastrium. 
Pr.-f.cor'dial or Precordial Region, Re'giu 
prcBcordiaca seu pracordia'lis, is the epigastric 
region. Also, and more properly, the region of 
the heart. A line drawn from the inferior mar 
gins of the third ribs across the sternum, passes 
over the valves of the pulmonary artery a little 
to the left of the mesial line, and those of the 
aorta are behind them, but about half an inch 
lower down. A vertical line, coinciding with the PRECORDIUM 
left margin of the sternum, has about one-third 
of the heart, comprising the upper portion of the 
right ventricle, on the right, - and two-thirds, 
comprising the lower portion of the right ventri- 
cle and the whole of the left, on the left. This 
is the prsecordial region. 
PRECORDIUM, Fossette du coeur-p. Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 
PRECOX MATURITAS, Prreotia. 
PRECUSTODIA, Prophylaxis. 
PREDICTIO, Prognosis. 
PREDISPOSITIO, Predisposition. 
PREDIVINATIO, Mantia. 
PREDOMIN'IUM; from pra, 'before,' and 
dominus, ' a lord.' Predominance of one thing 
over another. 
PrjEDOMin'ium Aqile. A predominance of 
watery fluid,- Tenu'itas aquo'sa. 
San'guinis Arterio'si. A pre- 
dominance of arterial blood, Arterios'itas san'- 
guinis. 
Pr.edomin'ium San'guinis Veno'si, Venos'itas 
San'guinis. Predominance of venous blood. 
PREFOCATIO, Orthopnoea, Suffocation - p. 
Faueium, Angone-p. Matricis, Angone-p. Ute- 
rina, Angone. 
PREFOCATION, Strangulatio uterina. 
PREGNANS, Pregnant. 
PREGNAS, Pregnant. 
PREGNATIO, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
PREGNATUS, Fecundation, Pregnancy. 
PREGNAX, Pregnant. 
PREGUSTATIO, Avant-gout. 
PREHENSIO, Prehensio. 
PRELIN'GUA. The anterior part or tip of 
the tongue. 
PRELIUM, Coition, Press, Tourniquet - p. 
Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
PRELUMBARIS, Prelumbar. 
PRENOTIO, Prognosis. 
PRENUNTIATIO, Prognosis. 
PREPARATIO, Preparation-p. Chyli, Chy- 
lifi cation. 
PREPARATUM, Preparation. 
PREPOTEN'TIA, from prce, ' before,' and pa- 
tens, 'powerful.' Great power or strength. 
Prjepoten'tia Viri'lis. Great, or too great 
procreative power on the part of the male. 
PREPOTIO, Propotismos. 
PREPUTIALIS, Preputial. 
PREPUTIUM, Prepuce. 
PRESAGIUM, Mantia. 
PRESCIENTIA, Prognosis. 
PRESCITIO, Prognosis. 
PRESCRIPTS, Prescription. 
PRESEPIOLUM, Alveolus. 
PRESEPIUM, Alveolus. 
PRESERVATIO, Prophylaxis. 
PRESERVATIVUM, Amuletum. 
PRESERVATO'RIA INDICA'TIO. A pre- 
servative indication ; one proper for preventing 
the development of disease. 
PRESERVATORIUS, Prophylactic. 
PRESPINALIS, Prespinal. 
PRETIBIALIS, Pretibial. 
PRAIRIE BUSH, STINKING, Ptelea trifo- 
liata-p. Pines, Liatris. 
PRASINUM VIRIDE, Cupri subacetas. 
PRASINUS, Porraceous. 
PRASI'TES, from prasium, 'horehound.' 
Wine in which the leaves of horehound have 
been infused. 
PRASIUM, Marrubium. 
PRASUM, Allium Prasum. 
PRAXIS, Action. 
Praxis Med'ica. The practical exercise of 
the healing art. 
PRECIPITATE, RED, Hydrargyri nitrico- 
710 
PREGNANCY 
oxydum - p. White, Hydrargyrum pnecipita- 
tum. 
PRECIPITA'TION, Prcecipita'tio, (F.) Prl- 
cipite, from prcecipitare, (prce, 'before,' and ca- 
put, 'the head,') 'to throw headlong.' The ac- 
tion by which a body abandons a liquid in which 
it is dissolved, and becomes deposited at the bot- 
tom of the vessel. The matter, so thrown down 
or precipitated, is called a, precipitate. 
PRECIPITATION DE LA JIATRICE, Pro- 
cidentia uteri. 
PRECIPITE BLANC, Hydrargyrum praeci- 
pitatum. 
PRECORDIAL, Priecordial. 
PRECUR'SORY, Prcecurso'rius; from prce, 
'before,' and curro, cursum, 'I run.' That which 
precedes. 
Precur'sory or Premon'itory Signs or Symp- 
toms, (F.) Signes pr&curseurs, S. avant couretirs, 
are those which indicate an approaching disease. 
PREDISPONENT CAUSES, see Causes, pre- 
disponent. 
PREDISPOSIT"ION, Prafdisposit"io, Semin'- 
ia morbo'runi (Gaubius); from prce, 'before,'and 
disponere, ' to dispose.' (F.) Imminence niorbide. 
That constitution or condition of the body, which 
disposes it to the action of disease under the ap- 
plication of an exciting cause. Thus, in heredi- 
tary diseases, the conformation is such, that but 
a slight exciting cause may be required to pro- 
duce them. When the disease arises solely from 
the predisposition, or under the additional influ- 
ence of an extremely slight exciting cause, it is, 
by some, termed a disposition. 
PREDOR'SAL, Prcedorsa'lis, from pra, 'be- 
fore,' and dorsum, 'the back.' 
PrjedorsAl Region of the vertebral column is 
the anterior surface of the dorsal region. 
PRE-DORSO-ATLOIDIEN, Longus colli. 
PRE-DORSO-CERVICAL, Longus colli. 
PREG'NANCY, Proegna'tio, Pragna'tus, Im- 
prcegna'tio, Ingravida'tio, Ingravida'tion, from 
prce., ' before,' and genere, 'to beget.' Hysterocye'- 
sis, Gravid' itas, G. uteri'no, En'cymon,Cye'sis, En- 
cye'sis, En'cysis, Encymo'sia, Cyopho'ria, Gesta'- 
tion, Eoeta'tion, Vtero-gesta'tion; (F.) Grossesse. 
The state of a female who has within her a fecun- 
dated germ, which gradually becomes developed in 
or out of the uterus. When placed in the cavity of 
the uterus,-by virtue of the vital principle which 
animates it, it becomes attached to the inner sur- 
face of that viscus, and obtains from it indirectly 
the nutriment necessary for its gradual develop- 
ment, during the space of ten lunar months or 
two hundred and eighty days - the ordinary term 
or duration of gestation, although the period may 
be protracted to 300 days or upwards, - at the 
expiration of which parturition occurs. Preg- 
nancy is commonly limited to a single foetus : at 
times, the uterus contains two or three.-See Re- 
production. Occasionally, one or two moles-the 
degenerated products of conception-alone occu- 
py the uterus :-at other times, a foetus likewise 
exists. In certain cases, and owing to accidental 
circumstances, the fecundated ovum remains in 
the ovarium, or is arrested in the Fallopian tube. 
Pregnancy has, accordingly, been distinguished 
into, 1. Natural or uterine, when the foetus is 
carried in the cavity of the womb: and, 2. Pre- 
ternatural or extra-uterine, Exfceta'tion, Concep'- 
tio vitio'sa, Paracye'sis seu Eccye'sis, Ecthystero- 
eye'sis, Echthysteroeye'sis, Dysto'cia, Dyscye'sis 
seu Gravid'itas extra-uteri'na, (F.) Grossesse-con- 
tre-nature,-when it occurs in the ovarium, tube, 
or cavity of the abdomen. 
During pregnancy, the female experiences re- 
markable changes in the condition of her organa PREGNANCY 
and functions. The genital apparatus is, of 
course, most affected. The uterus changes its 
shape, situation, size, and texture. The usual 
signs of pregnancy are,-suppression of the cata- 
menia ; the abdomen gradually enlarging and 
forming a hard tumour; the umbilicus prominent 
in the latter months; the breasts increasing in 
size ; the areola round the nipple becoming darker 
and the follicles more developed; kyestein in the 
urine from an early period; a bluish tint of the 
vagina after the fourth week; about the fifth 
month, the evidence by ballottement, and the pla- 
cental souffle and sound of the foetal heart heard 
on auscultation; the motion of the foetus per- 
ceptible, and the neck of the uterus diminishing 
in length at the advanced periods. 
Pregnancy, Abdom'inal, Eccye'sis abdomina'- 
lis, Coeliocye' sis, Gravid'itas abdomina'lis, (F.) 
Grossesse abdominale. That in which the ovum 
has escaped into the cavity of the abdomen. 
Pregnancy, Afce'tal, Pregnancy without a 
foetus, (F.) Grossesse afoetale, G. sans foetus. 
Pregnancy produced by a false or degenerate 
conception, or any other affection, which has 
given place to unusual development of the uterus. 
Madame Boivin includes in this class, sarco-hys- 
teric, hydro-hysteric, gazo-hysteric, and hemato- 
hysteric pregnancies. 
Pregnancy, Bigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse bige- 
minale, Double pregnancy. Pregnancy in which 
there are twins in utero.-Madame Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Complex, (F.) Grossesse com- 
plexe, G. inter-extra uterine, is when the womb, 
besides a foetus, contains much water, hydatids, 
a mole, <fcc. 
Pregnancy, Compound, Polybreph'ia, Poly- 
cye'sia. Polycye'sis, (F.) Grossesse composes, is 
when there are two or three foetuses in the cavi ty 
of the uterus. 
Pregnancy, Double, Pregnancy, bigeminal- 
p. Duration of, see Pregnancy-p. Extra-uterine, 
see Pregnancy. 
Preg'nancy, False, Gravid'itas spuria, (F.) 
Grossesse fausse ou apparente, Pseudocye'sis. 
Authors have called thus different affections of 
a more or less serious character, wThich resemble 
pregnancy; so as, at times, to impose upon the 
best-informed practitioners. These diseases may 
be seated in the uterus or its depetidencies, in 
the intestines or some other part of the abdomen. 
They may be;-a mole, hydatids, water, blood, 
or polypus distending the parietes of the uterus; 
- chronic enlargement of the uterus; develop- 
ment of tumours, <fcc., in its substance;-scirrhus; 
dropsy of the ovaria; ascites ; tympanites, <tc. 
Pregnancy, Postal, (F.) Grossesse foetale. 
Pregnancy in which there is a foetus, or more 
than one, in the uterus or out of it. Madame 
Boivin puts in this class-the solitary, bigeminal, 
trigeminal, and sarco-foetal pregnancies, which 
form the first order; and the tubal, ovarial, and 
abdominal, which constitute the second. 
Pregnancy, Gazo-hyster'ic, (F.) Grossesse 
Gazo-hystMque. Afoetal pregnancy, caused by 
development of air or gas in the cavity of the 
womb.-Madame Boivin. 
Pregnancy, ILemato-hysteric, (F.) Grossesse 
hlmato-hystirique. Afoetal pregnancy, caused 
by accumulation of blood in the uterus.-Madame 
Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Hydro-hysteric, (F.) Grossesse 
hydro-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy, occasioned 
by the secretion and accumulation of serous fluid 
in the uterus. 
Pregnancy, Interstit"ial, Gravid'itas in 
uteri substan'tiA, Gravid'itas interstitia'lis'. The 
development of the embryo in the proper sub- 
stance of the uterus. The case generally termi- 
711 
PRENANTHES 
nates fatally at an early period of gestation; the 
thin external paries of the uterus being ruptured, 
and the ovum passing into the abdominal cavity. 
Pregnancy, Morbid, Paraeye'sis, Dysto'cia, 
Dyscye'sis. The progress of pregnancy disturbed 
or endangered by the supervention of general or 
local disorder.- Good. 
Pregnancy, Ova'rian, (F.) Grossesse ovarienne 
ou de I'ovaire, Eccye'sis ova'ria, Olirioeye'sis, 
Oocye'sis, Gravid' itas extra-uteri'na in ova'ria. 
Pregnancy in which the foetus is developed in the 
interior of the ovary. 
Pregnancy, Plea of. A plea, which a woman, 
capitally convicted, may set up in arrest of exe- 
cution until she is delivered. See Jury of Ma- 
trons, and De ventre inspieiendo. 
Pregnancy, Pretend'ed. The criminal act 
of a female, who, not having been delivered, pre- 
sents an infant as having been born of her. (F.) 
Supposition de part. (This term, in French, 
likewise includes the case of a female, who, hav- 
ing been delivered of a dead child, substitutes for 
it a living child which is not hers.) 
Pregnancy, Sarco-fcetal, (F.) Grossesse sar- 
co-foetale. Pregnancy in which there are one or 
more foetuses, and one or more moles.-Madame 
Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Sarco-IIysteric, (F.) Grossesse 
sarco-hysterique. Afoetal pregnancy formed by 
moles, hydatids, or a false conception.-Madame 
Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Sol'itary, (F.) Grossesse solitaire 
ou simple. Pregnancy in which there is a single 
foetus.-Madame Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Trigem'inal, (F.) Grossesse tri- 
gtminale ou triple. Pregnancy in which there 
are three foetuses in the cavity of the uterus.- 
Madame Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Tubal, (F.) Grossesse tubaire, 
Eccye'sis tuba'lis. Pregnancy where the foetus 
remains and is developed in the Fallopian tube. 
Pregnancy, Uterine, see Pregnancy. 
Pregnancy, Utero-abdom'inal, (F.) Grossesse 
vtero-abdominale. Pregnancy consisting of two 
foetuses; one in the uterus-the other in the ab- 
dominal cavity.-Madame Boivin. 
Pregnancy, Utero-ova'rial, (F.) Grossesse 
utero-ovarienne. Pregnancy with two foetuses, 
one in the womb, the other in the ovary. 
Pregnancy, Utero-tubal, (F.) Grossesse uti- 
ro-tubaire. Pregnancy in which there is at the 
same time a foetus in the womb and another in 
the Fallopian tube. 
PREGNANT, Prcegnans, Prcegnas, Pragnax, 
Encar'pos, Grav'ida, Plena mu'lier, Incinc'ta, 
Gravid, Breeding, (F.) Enceinte. One in a state 
of pregnancy ;-one with child. 
PREHENSIO, Catalepsy, Epilepsy. 
PREIIEN'SION, Prehen'sio, from prehendere, 
' to lay hold of.' 
Prehension of Food is the act of carrying it 
to the mouth, and introducing it into that cavity. 
It is, also, called Assump'tio, Proslep'sis, Pros'- 
phora. 
PR&LE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
P REL OMB Al RE, Prelumbar. 
PRELOMBO-PUBIEN, Psoas parvus-p. 
Trocitantin, Psoas magnus. 
PRELUM, Press - p. Arteriale, Tourniquet. 
PRELUM'BAR, Prcelumba'ris, (F.) Prelom- 
baire, from prat, 'before,' and lumbi, 'the loins.' 
That which is plaeed before the loins. The pre- 
lumbar surface of the spinal column is the ante- 
rior surface of the lumbar portion. 
PREMONITORY, see Precursory. 
PRENAN'THES, Gall of the Earth, Dewin 
Snakeroot, Lion's Foot. There are many specie* PRENDRE 
of this indigenous plant, whose root and milky 
juice are very bitter. They are used in popular 
practice in dysentery; and in the form of cata- 
plasm to bites of serpents. 
Prenanthes Serpentaria, Nabalus albus. 
PRENDRE INSCRIPTION, see Matriculate. 
PREPARA'TION, Proepara'tio, from pra, 
'before,' and parare, paratum, 'to get ready.' 
The act of making ready any substance whatever 
that has to be employed for any purpose. 
Also, the product of any pharmaceutical ope- 
ration ; - Prcepara'tum. 
Any part of the human body, preserved for the 
uses of the anatomist, is so called. 
PREP'UCE, Prcepu'tium, perhaps from irpos, 
and noadr), ' the foreskin.' Epago'gium, Posthe, 
Pella, Pos'thium, Pu'tium, Foreskin. The pro- 
longation of the integuments of the penis, which 
covers the glans. The prepuce is composed of 
two membranous layers: one external or cuta- 
neous ; the other internal or mucous, separated 
by areolar membrane. The mucous membrane 
lines the inner surface of the cutaneous layer till 
beyond the glans, when it is reflected over the 
latter; forming, behind the corona, a small cul- 
de-sac above the corpora cavernosa, which is in- 
terrupted by a triangular duplicature of the mu- 
cous membrane, called the franum, fixed in the 
furrow at the inferior part of the glans, and ter- 
minating at a little distance from the orifice of 
the urethra. The clitoris is covered by a semi- 
lunar fold formed by a continuation of the skin 
of the labia. It is called Prcepu'tium clitor'idis. 
PREPU'TIAL, Proeputia'lis ; same etymon. 
Belonging or relating to the prepuce ; - as the 
'preputial secretion,'-or that which takes place 
from the lining of the prepuce covering the glans. 
PRESBYODOCHIUM, Gerocomium. 
PRESBYON'OSI; from 7rptoj3i>s, 'old,' and 
voaos, ' disease.' Diseases of old age. 
PRESBYOPIA, Presbytia. 
PRESBYSPIIACELUS, Gangrene of old 
people. 
PRESBYT'IA, Presbyo'pia, Amblyo'pia prox- 
imo'ruin, Visits seni'lis, Pres'byopy, (F.) Vue 
langue; from tpeir(ivs, 'an old person.' Avery 
high degree is termed Hyperpresbyt'ia. A con- 
dition of vision, common in old persons, which 
consists in the circumstance of near objects being 
confusedly seen, whilst those at a greater dis- 
tance are clearly distinguished. It is supposed 
to depend generally on diminution of the convex- 
ity of the cornea; whence results an alteration in 
the convergency of the rays, so that they form a 
focus behind the retina. This defect is remedied 
by the use of convex glasses, which augment the 
convergence of the luminous rays. It is, also, 
called Long-sightedness, Parop'sis longin'qua, 
Dyso'pia proximo'rum. 
PRESCRIP'TION, PrcBscrip'tio, Anag'raphe, 
from prce, ' before,' and scribere, ' to write.' For'- 
mula med'ica, Prcescrip'tio med'ica, Recep'tum, 
(F.) Formule, Ordonnance. The formula which 
the physician writes for the composition of medi- 
cine adapted to any case of disease. A prescrip- 
tion should be as simple as possible, and should 
bear upon its face the evidence of the objects to 
he fulfilled by it. No article should form part 
of it, unless adapted for serving some useful pur- 
pose. A compound prescription has been divided 
into four parts :-the basis or principal ingredient 
of the prescription ; the ad'juvans, or that which 
is designed to promote the action of the former; 
the cor'rigens, or that intended to correct its ope- 
ration, or obviate any unpleasant symptom which 
it may be apt to and the constit'uena, 
exeip'ient, or substance which gives to the other 
712 
PRESCRIPTION 
ingredients consistence or form. All these are 
seen in the following formula for cathartic pills : 
AloesBasis. 
Hyd. Chlorid. mit. gr. xAdjuvant. 
Olei Caruigtt. vCorrigens. 
Syrupiq. sConstituent. 
M. et fiant. Pilulas xx. See Symbol. 
It is obvious, however, that most prescriptions 
are more simple than this. The basis, for exam- 
ple, may require neither adjuvant, corrigent, nor 
constituent. 
Dr. Paris has given the following synopsis of 
the principles of medicinal combination, lamato- 
taa-iolog"ia, Iamatosyntaxiolog"ia, which may 
serve as an instructive guide to the prescriber :- 
OBJECT I. 
TO PROMOTE THE ACTION OF THE BASIS. 
A. By combining the several different forms or 
preparations of the same substance. B. By com- 
bining the basis with substances which are of the 
same nature; i. e., which are individually capa- 
ble of producing the same effects, with less ener- 
gy than when in combination with each other. 
C. By combining the basis with substances of a 
different nature, and which do not exert any che- 
mical influence upon it, but are found by expe- 
rience, or inferred by analogy, to be capable of 
rendering the stomach or system more suscepti- 
ble of its action. 
OBJECT II. 
TO CORRECT THE OPERATION OF THE BASIS BY OB- 
VIATING ANY UNPLEASANT EFFECTS IT MIGHT 
BE LIKELY TO OCCASION, AND WHICH WOULD 
PERVERT ITS INTENDED ACTION, AND DEFEAT 
THE OBJECT OF ITS EXHIBITION. 
A. By chymically neutralizing or mechanically 
separating the offending ingredient. B. By add- 
ing some substance calculated to guard the sto- 
mach or System against its deleterious effects. 
OBJECT III. 
TO OBTAIN THE JOINT OPERATION OF TWO OR MORE 
MEDICINES. 
A. By uniting those medicines which are cal- 
culated to produce the same ultimate results, but 
by modes of operation totally different. B. By 
combining medicines which have entirely differ- 
ent powers; and which are required to obviate 
different symptoms, or to answer different indi- 
cations. 
OBJECT IV. 
TO OBTAIN A NEW AND ACTIVE REMEDY, NOT AF- 
FORDED BY ANY SINGLE SUBSTANCE. 
A. By combining medicines which excite dif- 
ferent actions in the stomach and system, in con- 
sequence of which new or modified results are 
produced. B. By combining substances which 
have the property of acting chymically upon each 
other; tho results of which are :-a. The forma- 
tion of new compounds; b. The decomposition 
of the original ingredients, and the development 
of the more active elements. C. By combining 
substances, between which no other change is 
induced than a diminution or increase in the so- 
lubility of the principles in which their medicinal 
virtues reside, a. By the intervention of sub- 
stances that act chymically. b. By the addition 
of ingredients whose operation is entirely me- 
chanical. 
OBJECT V. 
TO AFFORD AN ELIGIBLE FORM. 
a. By which the efficacy of the remedy is en- 
hanced. b. By which its aspect or fiavour ii PRESENTATION 
rendered more agreeable, or its mode of adminis- 
tration more convenient, c. By which it is pre- 
served from the spontaneous decomposition to 
which it is liable. 
[The vocabulary in the author's " Medical Stu- 
dent," Philad. 1844, will aid the student, not only 
in translating, but in writing his prescriptions 
more solito.] 
PRESENTATION, from(Lat-) prcesens, (pros, 
'before,' and ens, 'being.') The part of a foetus 
which is felt presenting, on examination per vagi- 
nam. When the head presents, and especially 
the vertex, or the feet, knees, or breech, the pre- 
sentation is said to be natural: when any other 
part, preternatural, and the labour is styled per- 
verse or preternatural, Parodyn'ia perver'sa, Dys- 
to'cia perver'sa, Cross-birth, (F.) Accouchement 
contre nature. When any part besides the head, 
feet, knees, or breech presents, the operation of 
turning becomes necessary. See Parturition. 
PRESIS, Swelling. 
PRESLE, Hippuris vulgaris. 
PRESMA, Swelling. 
PRESPI'NAL, Praspina'lis, from pree, 'be- 
fore,' and spina, 'the spine.' That which is 
situate before the spine. The prespinal surface 
of the vertebral column is the anterior surface. 
PRESS, Proe'lium, Pros'Hum, Presso'rium, Pi- 
aster, Pieste'rion, (F.) Pressnir, Presse. An in- 
strument for subjecting matters to considerable 
pressure, for the purpose of separating the liquid 
from the solid portion. 
Press of Herophilus, Torcular Herophili. 
PRESSE-ARTHRE. An instrument invented 
by Deschamps for the immediate compression of 
arteries. It is composed of a plate six or seven 
lines long, and three broad, and of a rod or stem 
two inches long, placed perpendicularly above 
the plate and riveted. At each extremity of the 
plate is a hole, through which each of the ends 
of the ligature, to be placed upon the artery, is 
passed. The ligature is then to be tightened by 
drawing the ends, and fixing them to the perpen- 
dicular rod. This presse-artire or serre-artire, 
surrounded with charpie, remains in the wound, 
until there is no longer danger of hemorrhage. 
The ligature is then cut, and the instrument 
withdrawn. It is an unnecessary instrument. 
PRESSE-URETHRE, Jugum Penis. A kind 
of forceps of elastic iron, the branches of which, 
padded, may be approximated or separated by 
means of a screw. The penis is introduced be- 
tween the branches, one of them being applied 
to the urethra, and the screw is tightened so as 
to exercise a degree of pressure sufficient to bring 
the parietes of the canal in contact. This instru- 
ment is sometimes used in incontinence of urine, 
to prevent the constant discharge of that fluid. 
PRESSIO, Pressure. 
PRESSION ABDOMINALE, Pressure, ab- 
dominal. 
PR ESSOIR, Press-p. d' Herophile, Torcular 
Herophili. 
PRESSORIUM, Press. 
PRESSURE, Pres'sio, from premo, pressum, 
' I press.' The action of pressing. 
Pressure, Abdom'inal, (F.) Pression abdomi- 
tiale. A mode of examination by means of which 
the sensibility, size, suppleness, or hardness of 
any morbid abdominal viscus may be compared, 
in these respects, with its healthy condition. 
Bichat proposed, with the view of exploring the 
state of the thoracic organs, to exert a pressure 
from below upwards on the abdominal organs, so 
as to crowd them upon the diaphragm, and thus 
to diminish the dimensions of the cavity of the 
chest, noticing to what extent respiration was 
713 
PRIMULA 
affected by this action. No great information 
can of course be derived from it. 
PRETENDED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
PRETIB'IAL, Pratibia'lis, from prce, 'before,' 
and tibia, ' the tibia.' That which is situate be- 
fore the tibia; as the ilio-pretibial and isckio- 
pretibial muscles. 
PREVEN'TIVE, ROYAL, from pravenire, 
(pra, and venire,) 'to come before.' An empi- 
rical preparation, used as a prophylactic against 
the venereal virus. It is a solution of acetate of 
lead, - the Liquor Plnmbi Subacetatis dilutus. 
PREVER'TEBRAL APONEURO'SIS. The 
aponeurosis which covers the muscles of the pre- 
vertebral region. 
Prevertebral Artery. A ramus of the me- 
ningeal branch, and sometimes even of the trunk, 
of the pharyngeal artery, which is distributed to 
the prevertebral region. 
Prevertebral Muscles, see Cervical region, 
anterior - p. Region, Cervical region, anterior. 
PRIAPEIA, Nicotiana rustica. 
PRIAPIS'COS. Same etymon as the next. 
Name of a piece of wood which forms part of the 
scamnum Hippocraticum. Paulus of JEgina calls 
thus a tent of linen shaped like a penis. 
PRIAPIS'MUS, Tenti'go, T. Penis, Pri' opium, 
Horn-colie (vulg.), Enta'sia Priapis'mus, Rhopa- 
lis'mus, Satyri'asis, Styma, Stysis, from TLpianos, 
Priapus, 'the male organ.' Constant and dis- 
tressing erection, without any voluptuous idea or 
desire for venery. It is often symptomatic; and 
sometimes the immediate result of morbific causes, 
-of the action of cantharides, for example. The 
application of cold liquids to the penis, and the 
internal use of opium and camphor, are the means 
usually had recourse to for its removal. > 
PRIAPITIS, Phallitis. 
PRIA'PUS, Mutun'nus. In ancient mythology 
the deity who presided over gardens and the parts 
of generation, so called propter deformitatem et 
membri virilis magnitudinem. 
Priapus, Penis-p. Cervi, see Cervus-p. Ceti, 
Leviathian penis. 
PRICKING, Sax. ppiccian, (D.) prick en, 
(F.) Picotement. A variety of pain, compared to 
that which pointed bodies would occasion. 
PRIDE OF CHINA, Melia azedarach-p. of 
India, Melia azedarach - p. Tree, Melia azeda- 
rach. 
PRIEST-PHYSICIANS, see Asclepiadae. 
PRIEST'S PINTLE, Arum macnlatum. 
PRIMA CELLA COLI, Caecum. 
PRIMtE VIA?. The first passages. The sto- 
mach and intestinal canal: - the lacteals being 
the secun'doe vi'ce or second passages. See Ways, 
digestive. 
PRIMARY CELL, see Cell. 
Primula veris. 
PRIMIP'ARA, Primipartu'riens, from primus, 
'first,' and parere, 'to bring forth.' A name 
given to a female who brings forth for the first 
time. 
PRIMIPARTURIENS, Primipara. 
PRIMI-SIERNAL, Primi-sterna'lis, from pri- 
mus, ' the first,' and sternum, ' the sternum.' M. 
Beclard has called os primi-sternal or clavi-ster- 
nal. the bony portion of the sternum. 
PRIMIT"IjE. The first waters, or the waters 
discharged before the extrusion of the foetus. 
PRIMITIA E BAND, see Nerve fibres - p. 
Streak, Groove, primitive. 
PRIMORDIAL CELL, see Cell. 
PRIMORDIUM, Arche. 
PRIMROSE, EVENING, CEnothera biennis 
- p. Tree, ffinothera biennis. 
PRIMULA OFFICINALIS, P. veris-p. Va- 
riabilis, P. veris. PRINCEPS 
Prim'ula Veris, P. oficina'lis sen variab'ilis, 
from prim'uhu, ' the beginning.' So called, be- 
cause it flowers in the beginning of the spring. 
Verbas'culum, Paral'ysis, Herba paralys'eos seu 
paralyt'ica, the Coxcslip, Paigil or Peagle, (F.) 
Primevire. Family, Primulaceae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Monogynia. The flowers have been con- 
sidered to be mildly tonic, antispasmodic, and 
anodyne. 
Primula Vulga'ris. The leaves and roots of 
this plant have been used as sternutatories. 
PRINCEPS, Rectum. 
Princeps Cervi'cis (Artery), Cervical Artery. 
A branch of the occipital artery, which descends 
between the splenius and complexus muscles, and 
may be followed down to the lower part of the 
neck. 
Princeps Pol'licis (Arteria), Arte'ria magna 
pol'licis. When the two collateral arteries of the 
thumb take origin from a common trunk - the 
trunk is the Princeps pollicis. 
PRINCIPE CRYSTALLIZABLE DE DE- 
RO SNE, Narcotine. 
PRINCIPES IMMEDIATE, Principles, im- 
mediate. 
PRINCIPIUM, Arche, Element-p. Acidifi- 
cans, Oxygen-p. Adstringens, Tannin-p. Byr- 
sodepsicum, Tannin - p. Coriaceum, Tannin-p. 
Hydrogeneticum, Hydrogen - p. Ilydroticum, 
Hydrogen-p. Oxygenans, Oxygen-p. Salivale, 
see Saliva-p. Scytodepsicum, Tannin-p. Uri- 
nosum, Urea. 
PRIN'CIPLE, COLOURING, OF THE 
BLOOD. A name, given to the immediate prin- 
ciple in animals, to which the blood owes its red 
colour. -It is solid, inodorous, and insipid. When 
recently separated from blood, it has a purple- 
red colour. When distilled, it furnishes, amongst 
other products, a purple oil. It is insoluble in 
water; but, if diluted with that liquid, acquires 
a vinous-red hue. It communicates a red colour 
to the albumen of the blood, and affords, on ana- 
lysis, iron, to which the colour has been ascribed. 
See Haemaphasin, and Hasmatin. 
Principle. Digestive, Pepsin - p. Vital, see 
Vital principle. 
PRINCIPLES, IMME'DIATE, (F.) Principes 
immediate, Materiaux immediate. A name given 
to a considerable number of substances, composed 
of at least three elements, and which are obtained 
from animals and vegetables without alteration, 
by simple processes, and, in some measure, im- 
mediately. 
Principles, Immediate, of Animals, Proxi- 
mate principles, Organic Elements, Compounds 
of Organization. These are divided into acid 
principles, fatty principles, and principles which 
are neither fat nor acid. The first include the 
uric, rosacic, purpuric, allantoic, caseic, butyric, 
&c. The fatty principles are:-stearin, elain, 
cholesterin, &c.; and the last division includes 
the most important compounds of organization : 
-fibrin, gelatin, albumen, casein, osmazome, &c. 
Principles, Proximate, P. immediate. 
PRINOS, P. verticilla'tus, Alcan'na major lati- 
fo'lia denta'ta, Aquifo'lium fo'liis decid' uis, Pri- 
nos Grono'vii, Prinos padifolius, Black Alder, 
Virginia Winterberry, Whorled Winterberry, 
Feverbush, (F.) Apalachine ci feuilles de Prunier. 
Ord. Aquifoliaceae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Mono- 
gynia. The bark of this common shrub of the 
United States is astringent, bitter, and pungent. 
The berries are, likewise, bitter. The bark has 
been used as a substitute for the cinchona, in in- 
termiitents, and as a tonic. 
Prinos Gronovii, Prinos. 
714 
PROBASCANTIUM 
Prinos Ljeviga'-tt's, Smooth Winterberry. In- 
digenous; has the same properties as 
Prinos Padifolius, Prinos. 
PRION, Saw. 
PRIONO'DES, from Fpiov, 'a saw,' and cdos, 
'shape.' Serra'ted. Applied to the sutures of 
the head. 
PRIOR ANNULA'RIS, Interoa'aeua quartua 
of Winslow. An internal interosseous muscle, 
which arises from the outside of the metacarpal 
bone of the ring-finger, and is inserted into the 
outside of the tendon on the back of the ring- 
finger. Its use is to draw the ring-finger out- 
wards. 
PRIOR IN'DICIS, Exten'aor ter'tii interno'- 
dii in'dicia, (F.) Soua-metacarpo-lateri-qyhalan- 
gien. It arises from the outer or radial side of 
the metacarpal bone of the fore-finger, and is in- 
serted into the outside of the tendon on the back 
of the fore-finger. Action:- to draw the finger 
outwards, towards the thumb. 
Prior Indicis Pedis, Adductor In'dicia pedia. 
An external, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
which arises from the contiguous sides of the 
metatarsal bones of the great and fore toes, and 
is inserted into the inside of the root of the first 
bone of the fore-toe. Action : - to pull the fore- 
toe inwards. 
Prior Medii, Prior medii digiti. 
Prior Me'dii Dig"iti, Prior Med.ii, Second 
interoa'aeoua of Douglas. An external, interos- 
seous muscle of the hand, which arises from the 
corresponding sides of the metacarpal bones of 
the fore and middle fingers, and is inserted into 
the outside of the tendon on the back of the 
middle finger. Action : - to draw the middle 
finger outwards. 
Prior Medii Digiti Pedis, Adrfwcfor medii di- 
giti pedia. An internal, interosseous muscle of 
the foot, which arises from the inside of the me- 
tatarsal bone of the middle toe, and is inserted 
into the inside of the root of the first bone of the 
middle toe. Uae:-to pull the middle toe inwards, 
or towards the inner side of the foot. 
Prior Min'imi Digiti, AcWuc'/or min'imi dig''- 
iti. An internal, interosseous muscle of the foot, 
which originates from the inside of the metatar- 
sal bone of the little toe, and is inserted into the 
inside of the root of the first bone of the little 
toe. Action: - to pull the little toe inwards. 
Prior Tertii Digiti Pedis, Adduc'tor tertii 
dig"iti pedia. An internal, interosseous muscle 
of the foot, which arises from the inner and un- 
der part of the metatarsal bone of the third of 
the small toes, and is inserted into the inside of 
the root of the first bone of the third of the small 
toes. Action: - to pull the third of the small 
toes inwards. 
PRISIS, Brygmus, Trepanning. 
PRISMA, Scobs. 
PRISMUS, Brygmus, Trepanning. 
PRIVATE PARTS, Genital organs. 
PRIVET, Ligustrum vulgare. 
PRIVITIES, Genital organs. 
PRIVY, Ligustrum vulgare-p. Members, Ge- 
nital organs - p. Parts, Genital organs. 
PRO, Trpo, 'before.' A common prefix to words, 
as in Procatarctic, Proatate, Ac. 
PROAGOREUSIS, Prognosis. 
PROBANG, Detruao'rium ex bale'na. A long 
slender rod of whalebone, with a piece of sponge 
at its extremity, intended to push down extrane- 
ous bodies, arrested in the oesophagus, into the 
stomach. A similar instrument is called by J. L. 
Petit, Repouaaoir d'aretea. 
PROBARBIUM, Geneias. 
PROBASCANIUM, Amuletum. 
PROBASCANTIUM, Amuletum. PROBE 
PROBE, Catheterize, Specillum - p. Eyed, see 
Specillum. 
PROBING, see Melosis. 
PROBOLE, Processus. 
PROCARDIUM, Scrobiculus cordis. 
PROCEDE, Process. 
PROCEDURE, Procede. 
PROCEPIIALI, Capitones. 
PROCEJIUS NASI, Pyraraidalis nasi. 
PROCES CILIAIRES, Ciliary processes. 
PROCESS, Apophysis, Processus. 
Proc"ess, Ratio, (F.) Procidi, from procedere, 
to march forwards. Procedure,-method of per- 
forming any operation, chemical, pharmaceutical, 
or surgical. 
Process, Cuneiform, Basilary process - p. 
Modelling, see Modelling Process - p. of Rau, 
see Malleus - p. Vertical superior longitudinal, 
Falx cerebri. 
PROCES'SUS. A process; same etymon; 
Projects'ra, Prob'ole. An apophysis or eminence 
of a bone ; see Apophysis. Also, any part which 
seems prolonged beyond others with which it is 
in connexion ; as the Ciliary processes. 
Processus Anconeus, Olecranon - p. Annu- 
laris, Pons Varolii - p. Belenoides, see Belenoid 
-p. Caudatus, Lobulus caudatus-p. & Cerebello 
ad medullam oblongatam, Corpora restiformia - 
p. Cerebelli ad pontem, Peduncles of the cere- 
bellum-p. Cerebelli ad testes, Peduncles of the 
cerebellum-p. Cerebri lateralis, Cornu ammonis 
- p. Ciliares, Ciliary processes-p. Clavatus, see 
Funieuli graciles - p. Cochleariformis, see Tym- 
panum- p. Cuneiformis ossis occipitis, Basilary 
process - p. Enteroidei cerebri, Convolutions 
(cerebral)-p. Falciformis cerebelli, Falx cere- 
belli-p. Falciformis durie matris, Falx cerebri- 
p. Gracilis of Rau, see Malleus - p. Laterales 
uteri, Tub® Fallopian®-p. Mamillares, Papillae 
of the kidney, Olfactory nerves - p. Mamillares 
cerebri, Mamillary tubercles-p. Olivaris, Olivary 
Process-p. Orbicularis cerebri, Infundibulum of 
the brain - p. Papillares, Olfactory nerves - p. 
Papillarum, Olfactory nerves - p. Rachidianus, 
Medulla spinalis-p. Sterni xiphoideus, Xiphoid. 
Proces'sus Ter'etes, Eminen'tice seu Fascic'- 
uli ter'etes. Two slightly convex bodies forming 
the anterior wall or floor of the fourth ventricle 
of the brain. They are separated by a longitu- 
dinal groove, which is continuous, inferiorly, with 
the sulcus longitudinalis posterior of the spinal 
cord. They are crossed transversely by several 
white and gray fasciculi-linece transver'see, stria 
ntedulla'res-the origin of the auditory nerves. 
Processus ad Testes, see Valvula Vieussenii 
- p. Transversus durse matris, Tentorium - p. 
Uvifer, Uvula - p. Ventriculi, Duodenum-p. 
Xiphoides, Xiphoid cartilage-p. Xipho-sternalis, 
Xiphoid cartilage - p. Zygomaticus, Zygomatic 
process. 
PROCIIEILA, Antelabia. 
PROCIIEILIDION, Procheilon. 
PROCHEI'LON, Procheilid'ion, Prola'bium, 
Antila'bium. The extreme projecting part or 
margin of the lips. 
PROCHEUMA, Parenchyma. 
PROCIDENCE DE L'CEIL, Exophthalmia. 
PROCIDENTIA, Prolapsus - p. Ani, Procto- 
cele-p. Intestini recti, Proctocele-p. Iridis, Sta- 
phyloma of the Iris - p. Oculi, Exophthalmia - 
p. Sedis, Proctocele - p. Uteri, Prolapsus uteri. 
PROCNEME, Tibia. 
PROCNEMIUM, Tibia. 
PROCCE'LIUS, Procoe'las, from irpo, 'before,' 
and Koibta, ' belly.' One who has a large pendu- 
lous abdomen. 
PROCGEL US, Procoelius. 
715 
PROCTORRHAGIA 
PROCON'DYLUS, irpoKoidvhos, from npo, * be- 
fore,' and kovSvXos, 'a knot.' The first joint of 
the fingers; the second being called koiAuAos; and 
the third peraKovhvXo(. 
PROCREATIO, Generation-p. Sanguinis, 
Hiematosis. 
PROCREATION, Fecundation, Generation. 
PROC'TAGRA, from rrpwKro;, 'anus,' and aypa, 
' seizure.' Gout in the rectum. Proctalgia. 
PROCTAL'GIA, Proc'tica simplex, Proc'ta- 
gra, Dolor ani, Proctodyn'ia, from irpoocrof, 'the 
anus,' and a\yog, 'pain.' Pain in the anus : ge- 
nerally symptomatic of disease, as of hemorrhoids, 
scirrhus, Ac. 
Proctalgia, Clunesia - p. Hmmorrhoidalis, 
IIa?morrhois-p. Inflammatoria, Rectitis - p. 
Intertriginosa, Chafing - p. Rheumatica, Proc- 
torrheuma. 
PROCTATRE'SIA, Imperfora'tio ani, from 
Trpb)KTo;, 'the anus,' and arpncta, 'imperforation.' 
Imperforate state of the anus. 
PROC'TICA. Pain or derangement about the 
anus, without primary inflammation. A genus in 
the class Cceliaca, order Enterica, of Good. 
Proctica Exania, Proctocele - p. Marisea, 
Haemorrhois-p. Simplex, Proctalgia-.p. Tenes- 
mus, Tenesmus. 
PROCTISIS, Proctitis. 
PROCTI'TIS, Proc'tisis, Archi'tia, Clune'sia, 
Cysso'tis, from irpoucrof, 'the anus.' Inflammation 
of the anus and rectum. Rectitis. 
Proctitis Gangrenosa, Proctocace. 
PROCTOC'ACE, Procti't is gangrceno'sa, from 
npuKTos, ' the anus,' and kokos, ' evil.' A disease 
of the rectum, so called by Fuchs, which, accord- 
ing to him, is common in Peru, in the neighbour- 
hood of Quito and Lima, on the Honduras and 
Mosquito coasts, in Brazil, and on the Gold coast, 
Ac. It is called by the Portuguese, Bicho, and 
Bicho di Culo; by the people of Quito, Mai det 
Valle, from its prevalence in the valleys; and it 
Africa, Bitios de Kis. It is an adynamic, inflam- 
matory condition, frequently ending in gangrene. 
It has been attributed to bad food, and the us. 
of spices. 
PROCTOCE'LE, from rpoocrof, 'the anus,' and 
Kr)\r)> 'hernia.' Prolap'sub Ani, Proctopto'ma* 
Proctopto'ais, Procto'sis, Hedroce'le, Archeopto'- 
ma, Archecpto'ma, Archopto'ma, Arcbeoce'le, Ar- 
chopto'sis, Exa'nia, Hcemor'rhois proce'dens, Ha- 
mor'rhoia ab exa'nia, Prociden'iia Ani, P. intes- 
ti'ni recti, P. sedis, Ecto'pia Ani, Sedea procid'ua, 
Falling down of the Fundament, Coming down of 
the Body, (F.) Chute du rectum, C. du Fondement, 
Renversement du rectum. Inversion and prolapse 
of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation 
of the sphincter with mere or less swelling. In 
the treatment, the appliaation of cold water and 
astringent lotions must be recommended: and 
if other means fail, one of the radii of skin, which 
converge at the anus, may be snipped off. On 
cicatrizing, the verge of the anus will be con- 
tracted, and the cure probably complete. In the 
way of palliation, the parts may be retained by 
an appropriate bandage. 
PROCTOCYSTOTOMIA, see Lithotomy. 
PROCTODYNIA, Proctalgia. 
PROCTON 'CUS, from rpaiKTOf, ' anus,' and 
oyicos, ' swelling.' Swelling of the anus. 
PROCTOPARAL'YSIS, Proctople'gia, Paral'- 
ysis latcati'ni Recti. Paralysis of the muscleg 
of the rectum. 
PROCTOPLEGIA, Proctoparalysis. 
PROCTOPTOMA, Proctocele. 
PROCTOPTOSIS, Proctocele. 
PROCTORRHAGIA, Ilsemorrhoidal flux. PROCTORRHEUMA 
PROCTORRHEU'MA, from irpiSKros, ' anus/ 
and ptvpa, 'defluxion.' Rheumatism of the anus. 
PROCTORRHCE'A, from irpwKTos, 'the anus/ 
and pea, ' I flow.' A discharge of blood or slime 
from the anus. See Hasmorrhois. 
PROCTOS, Anus. 
PROCTOSIS, Proctocele. 
PROCTOSPASMUS, Tenesmus. 
PROCTOSTENOSIS ORGANICA, Stricture 
of the rectum. 
PROCTOTOREU'SIS, from 7rpo)KTOf, 'anus/ 
and ropvuv,i to perforate/ Perforation of a closed 
anus. 
PROCTUS, Anus. 
PROCURATIO ABORTUS. The promotion 
of abortion. 
PROD'ROMUS, from irpo, 'before/ and Spopos, 
'course.' Sta'dium opportunita'tis seuprodrome'- 
rum; in contagious diseases, Sta'dium laten'tis 
conta'gii. The period immediately preceding an 
attack of disease; in which the precursory signs 
occur. 
PROD'UCT, from produco, 'I produce.' (F.) 
Produit. The result sought to be attained by 
any pharmaceutical operation. 
PRODUCTIO, Prolapsus-p. Uvulae a pituita, 
Btaphyloedema. 
PRODUC'TION, Produc'tio; same etymon. 
This word is used, especially by the French, 
synonymously with prolongation. The mesentery 
is, in this sense, a production of the peritoneum. 
PRODUCTION ACCIDENTELLE. An ac- 
cidental or adventitious structure. 
PRODUCTIVITAS, Fecundity. 
PRODUIT, Product. 
PROEGUMENAJ CAUSJE, Causes, predispo- 
nent. 
PRCELIUM, Press, Tourniquet. 
PROEM'INENT, ProewiG'nens, from pro, 'for- 
wards/ and eminere, 'to project.' Some anato- 
mists call the 7th cervical vertebra the proeminent 
vertebra, on account of the length of its spinous 
process, which passes the level of that of the 
neighbouring vertebrae. 
PRffiO'TIA, Prdi'otes, npunorri;, or npoiornt, 
from npai, ' early.' ' Precocity.' Proecox matu'- 
ritas, Preco'clous matu'rity. Premature develop- 
ment of sexual organization or power.- Good. 
PROFLUVII CORTEX, Nerium antidysente- 
ricum. 
PROFLU'VIUM, Discharge, Fluxus, Polyr- 
rhoe'a, Flux ; from projluo, 'I run down. A term 
under which some nosologists have comprised all 
morbid discharges or fluxes : - others, increased 
excretions attended by fever. 
Profluvium Alvi, Diarrhoea-p. Genitale mu- 
liebre, Menses-p. Mucosum urethrae, Gonorrhoea 
- p. Muliebre, Leucorrhoea, Menses - p. Sangu- 
inis, Haemorrhagia-p. Sanguinis e Renibus, Ne- 
phrorrhagia-p. Sanguinis ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia 
-p. Sanguinis ex Utero, Metrorrhagia - p. Se- 
minis, Pollution-p. Ventris, Diarrhoea. 
PROFUN'DUS, {pro, and fundus, 'base.') 
Altus, ' having a deep base.' A name given to 
different parts, which are seated profoundly as 
regards others. 
Profunda Arte'ria Fem'oris, A.vasta poste'- 
rior seu muscula'ris fem'oris, Art&re-grande mus- 
culaire de la cuisse. (Ch.) This large branch 
arises commonly from the posterior part of the 
crural, between the pubis and lesser trochanter. 
It descends deeply, situate before the adductors; 
passes through the third adductor above the 
opening in it for the trunk of the femoral: and 
terminates in the short portion of the biceps. 
The muscularis profunda gives off, 1. The external 
circumflex: 2. The internal circumflex: and, 3. 
The three perforantes. 
716 
PROLAPSUS 
Profunda Arte'ria Hu'meri, P. supe'rior, 
Arte'ria spiro,'lie, (F.) ArtZre humerale profonde, 
A. collaterals externe, Grand musculaire du bras, 
(Ch.) Its origin is variable. When it arises from 
the brachia) artery, it is given off opposite the 
groove of the humerus destined for the radial 
nerve, and descends backwards between the three 
portions of the triceps, accompanied by the nerve; 
giving branches to that muscle and to the hume- 
rus. When it reaches the posterior part of the 
bone, it divides into two branches, which are dis- 
tributed to the triceps, supinator longus, Ac. 
Profunda Arteria Inferior vel Minor is 
often a branch of the last; but, commonly, is 
given off from the brachial, near the middle of 
the arm. It gives off branches to the muscles, 
Ac., about the inner side of the os humeri. It 
is, also, called large communicating ulnar or pro- 
fundo-ulnar. 
Profunda Arteria Penis. Chaussier has 
given this name to the cav'ernous ar'tery, which 
arises from the artery of the penis, furnished by 
the internal pudic. 
Profunda Arteria Superior, Profunda hu- 
meri. 
Certain muscles are distinguished by the names 
profound or deep-seated, and superficial. Thus, 
we speak of the superficial and deep-seated mus- 
cles of the neck, Ac.; the Flexor profundus per- 
forans, Ac. 
PROFUSIO, Haemorrhagia. 
Profusio Aqua:. The discharge or breaking 
of the waters at birth. 
Profusio Sanguinis, Haemorrhagia - p. Se- 
minis, Ejaculation - p. Subcutanea, Purpura 
simplex. 
rtlOGAS'TOR, from rpo, 'before,' and yaarnp, 
'belly.' One who has a pendulous belly. 
PROGENIES, Epigone. 
PROGENY, Epigone. 
PROGLOS'SIS, from rpo, 'before,' and y>o<r<ra, 
' the tongue;' Apex lingua. The extremity or 
tip of the tongue. 
PROG'NATHOUS, from rpo, 'before,' and 
yvaOos, 'the jaw.' Having a projecting jaw. A 
term applied to the form of the head in which 
there is a prolongation or forward extension of 
the jaws, as in the negro. 
PROGNO'SIS, Proagoreu'sis, Prorrhe'sis, 
Pracognit"io, Prognos'tice, Prano'tio, Prcenun- 
tia'tio, Prcescien'tia, Pra>scit"io, Pronce'a, Proph'- 
asis, Prcedic'tio, (F.) Prognostic, Pronostic, from 
irpo, 'before,' and yvtmns, 'knowledge.' A judg- 
ment formed by the physician regarding the fu- 
ture progress and termination of any disease. 
Prognosis, General. The opinion formed 
of a disease in the abstract. Thus, we say, the 
General prognosis of Cynanche tonsillaris is 
favourable; - of Phthisis pulmonalis, unfavour- 
able, Ac. 
Prognosis, Particular. The opinion formed 
of any particular case of disease. The particular 
prognosis of one case of typhus, for example, may 
be favourable, whilst that of another may be un- 
favourable. 
Prognosis ex Lingua, Glossomantia. 
PROGNOSTIC, Prognosis. 
PROGNOSTICE, Prognosis. 
PROGRESSIO, Augmentation. 
PROGRESSUS, Augmentation. 
PROIOTES, Praeotia. 
PROJECTURA, Process. 
PROLABIUM, Procheilon. 
PROLAP'SUS, from prolabor, prolapsus, (pro, 
and labor, lapsus, 'to slide,') 'I slip down.' Pro- 
ciden'tia, Delap'sio, Delap'sus, Hypor'rhysis, 
Propto'ma, Propto'sis, Produc'tio, Propenden'tia, PROLECTATIO 
Prominen'tia, Ptosis, Casus, (F.) Chute; a pro- 
trusion ; a falling down. A genus of diseases in 
the class Locales and order Ectopice of Cullen, 
distinguished by the falling down of a part 
through the orifice with which it is naturally 
connected. 
Prolapsus Ani, Proctocele-p. Bulbi oculi, 
Exophthalmia - p. Corneae, Staphyloma of the 
cornea-p. Iridis, Ptosis iridis-p. Linguae, Glos- 
soeele, Paraglossa - p. CEsophagi, Pharyngocele 
- p. Palpebrae, Blepharoptosis - p. Pharyngis, 
Pharyngocele - p. Umbilici, Exomphalus. 
Prolapsus U'teri, Exome'tra, Metropto'sis, 
Metropropto'sis, Orthysteropto'sis, Orthysteropto' - 
ma, Falling down of the womb, jEdopto'sis u'teri, 
Hysteropto'sis, Hysteroce'le nuda, Prociden'tia 
u'teri, (F.) Abaissement de la matriee, Chute de 
la matrice, Descents de la matrice, Pricipitation 
de la matrice. Some use the term, ' Procidentia 
Uteri' for a minor degree of the affection than 
prolapsus;-Relaxatio uteri expressing the slight- 
est state of all. A falling down of the uterus, 
owing to relaxation of the parts about the utero- 
vaginal region. In the treatment, the horizontal 
posture must be insisted upon; the injection of 
astringent substances per vaginam be advised; 
and if the affection be not remedied by these 
means, a pessary may be employed as a pallia- 
tive, or the operation of Episioraphy be per- 
formed. 
Prolapsus Uvula:, Staphylcedema. 
Prolapsus Vagi'na:, Hysteropto'sis Vagi'nce, 
Prolapsus xEdoptosis Vagince, Coleopto'sis, Col- 
popto'sis, Elytropto'sis - Protrusion of the upper 
part of the vagina into the lower. This, like the 
descent of the uterus, may be relaxation, proci- 
dentia, prolapsus, or complete t'n»er»ion. 
Prolapsus Vesica:, Exocyste. 
PROLECTA'TIO; from pro, and legere, tec- 
tum, ' to gather.' Action of separating the finer 
parts of a body from the grosser. 
PROLEP'TICS, Prolep'tice, from rpo, 'before,' 
and hayiiavw, ' I seize hold of.' A term proposed 
by Dr. Laycock to signify the art and science of 
predicting in medicine. 
PROLEPTICUS, Anticipating. 
PROLES, Epigone. 
PROL'ICIDE, Prolicid'ium ; from proles, 'off- 
spring,' and credere, 'to kill.' Destruction of 
offspring: a term, which includes foeticide as 
well as infanticide. 
PROLIF'IC, Prolif' icus; from proles, 'off- 
spring,' and facio, 'I make.' That which has 
the faculty of engendering. Applied to man, and 
animals, and to their sperm or seed; as well as 
to remedies, which, by strengthening the genital 
organs, increase the secretion of sperm. 
PROLIG"EROUS, Pro'liger, Prolig"erus, 
from proles, ' offspring,' and gero, ' I carry.' That 
which is connected with carrying the offspring. 
Proligerous Disc or Layer, Discus prolig"- 
erus, Discus vitellinus, Stratum prolig"erum, Go- 
nostro'ma, (F.) Disque proligere. A granular 
layer, situate generally towards the most promi- 
nent part of the ovarian vesicle, in the centre of 
which the true ovum or ovule exists.-Von Baer. 
PROLONGEMENT RACHIDIEN, Medulla 
spinalis-p. Sous-occipital, Basilary process. 
PROMALACTE'RIUM, from r?o, 'before,' 
and paXaama, ' I soften.' The room, in the an- 
cient gymnasium, in which the body was softened 
and anointed. One of the operations in bathing. 
PROMANUS, see Digitus, Pollex. 
PROMETOPIDIA, Frontal bandages. 
PROMETO'PIS, Prometopid'ion, from rpo. 
'before,'and fitrwrov, 'the forehead.' The skin 
of the forehead. 
717 
PROPOLIS 
PROMINENTIA, Prolapsus, Protuberance - 
p. Annularis Cerebri, Pons Varolii- p. Corneas, 
Ceratocele - p. Ossis Continua, Apophysis. 
PROMINENTIA ALBICANTES, Mammil- 
lary tubercles-p. Semibvales Medullas Oblonga- 
tas, Corpora olivaria. 
PROMONTORIUM, Promontory-p. Faciei, 
Nasus - p. Ossis Sacri, see Sacrum. 
PROM'ONTORY,Promowto'ri'w/n,(from jnroand 
mons, mantis, 'a mountain,') seu Tuber seu Tube- 
ros'itas Tym'pani. A small projection at the in- 
ner paries of the cavity of the tympanum, which 
corresponds to the external scala of the cochlea, 
and especially to the outer side of the vestibule. 
Promontory of the Sacrum, see Sacrum. 
PRONATE UR CARRE, Pronator radii qua- 
dratus-p. Grand ou rond, Pronator radii teres- 
p. Petit, Pronator radii quadratus. 
PRONA'TION, Prona'tio, from pronus, 'in- 
clined forwards.' Anatomists understand, by 
pronation, the motion by which the inferior ex- 
tremity of the radius passes before the ulna, and 
thus causes the hand to execute a kind of rotation 
from without inwards. 
PRONA'TOR. That which produces the mo- 
tion of pronation. This name has been given to 
two of the muscles of the forearm. 
Pronator Obliquus, P. radii teres - p. Qua- 
dratus, P. radii quadratus. 
Pronator Ra'dii Quadra'tus, P. quadratus, 
Quadratus ra'dii, P. quadratus seu transvers' us 
(Winslow), Pronator radii brevis seu quadratus 
(Cowper,) (F.) Cubito-radial (Ch.), Petit ou carre 
pronateur. This muscle is situate at the ante- 
rior, inferior, and profound part of the forearm. 
It is flat and square, and is attached, within, to 
the inferior quarter of the anterior surface of the 
ulna; and, without, to the inferior quarter of the 
anterior surface of the radius. It produces the 
motion of pronation. 
Pronator Radii Teres, P. teres sive obli'quus 
(Winslow), (F.) Epitrocblo-radial (Ch.), Gb'und 
ou rondpronateur. A muscle seated at the upper 
and anterior part of the forearm. It is long, flat, 
and larger above than below. It is attached, 
above, to the inner tuberosity of the humerus and 
to the coronoid process of the ulna. From thence 
it passes obliquely downwards and outwards, and 
terminates at the middle of the outer surface of 
the radius. It causes the radius to turn on the 
ulna, to produce the motion of pronation. It 
can, also, bend the forearm on the arm, and con- 
versely. 
Pronator Teres, P. radii teres. 
PRONAUS, Vestibulum. 
PRONERVATIO, Aponeurosis, Tendon. 
PRONCEA, Prognosis. 
PRONOSTIC, Prognosis. 
PROPENDENTIA, Prolapsus. 
PROP'ERTIES, PHYSICAL, OF THE TIS- 
SUES. These are flexibility, extensibility and 
elasticity, raeornissement and imbibition. 
Properties, Vital. Those which depend upon 
organization, as contractil'ity. 
PROPHASIS, Prognosis. 
PROPHYLAC'TIC, Prophylac'ticus, Diaphy- 
lac'tic, Diasos'tic, Synteret'icus, Prceservato'rius, 
from rpo, and <f>v\aaaii>, 'I defend.' A preserv- 
ative. 
PROPHYLAX'IS, Propbylaee, Prophylae'tice, 
Syntere'sis. Same etymon. Prceserva'tio, Pra- 
cau'tio, Preecusto'dia. Preservative or preventive 
treatment. 
PROP'OLIS, from rpo, 'before,' and 
'city;' literally, 'that which is before the city.' 
Cerantbe'mus, Commo'sis, Bee-bread. A red, re- 
sinous matter, with which the bees cover the bot- PROPOMA 
tom of the hive. Its fume has been esteemed 
antiasthmatic. 
PROP'OMA, from irpo, 'before,' and iroga, 'a 
drink.' Ancient name of a medicine, composed 
of seven parts of honey and four of wine. It was 
drunk before a meal.- Paulus of JEgina. 
PROPORTIO, Symmetry. 
PROPOSITUM, Intention. 
PROPOTIS'MOS. Same etymon. Pr<p.po'tio. 
An ancient name for medicines which were given 
to the patients before purging them, and, in some 
sort, to prepare them. 
PROPRIUS AURIS EXTERN.®, Retrahens 
auris. 
PROPTOMA, Prolapsus. 
Propto'ma Auricula'rum, Parcesthe'sis audi'- 
t'0,8 flacca, Flap Ear. Lobe of the ear broad, 
loose, and pendent from birth.- Good. 
Proptoma Scroti, Rachosis. 
PROPTOSIS, Prolapsus - p. Palpebras, Ble- 
pharoptosis-p. Uvulas, Staphyloedema. 
PROPTYSIS, Expectoration. 
PRORA, Occiput. 
PRORRIIESIS, Prognosis. 
PRORUPTIO SANGUINIS, Hsemorrhagia. 
PROS, rrpoj. In composition, this prefix gene- 
rally signifies ' in addition to,' ' over and above,' 
' besides.' 
PROSARTHROSIS, Diarthrosis. 
PROSBOLE, Impression. 
PROSCHYSIS, Affusion. 
PROSCOLLESIS, Adherence, Agglutination. 
PROSECTEUR, Dissector. 
PROSECTIO, Anatomy. 
PROSECTOR, Dissector. 
PROSLEPSIS, Prehension. 
PROSODOS, Aditus. 
PROSOPALGIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
PROSOPANTRA, Frontal sinuses. 
PROSOPANTRI'TIS, from prosopantra, the 
frontal sinuses, and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the frontal sinuses. 
PROSOPARALYSIS, Palsy, Bell's. 
PROSO'PIS DULCIS. A tree of rather large 
size, native of Peru. The fruit - Pacay - is 
a pod, from 20 to 24 inches long, contain- 
ing black seeds imbedded in a white, soft, flaky 
substance; which last is eaten by the Limefios 
with pleasure.- Tschudi. 
PROSOPODYNIA, Neuralgia, facial. 
PROSOPODYSMOR'PHIA, from npoaimrov, 
* the face,' hvs, ' with difficulty,' and ' shape.' 
Malformation or atrophy of the face,- as where 
the process of nutrition suffers from diminished 
nervous influence. 
PROSOPOLOGIA, Physiognomy. 
PROSOPOMANTIA, Physiognomy. 
PROSOPON, Face. 
PROSOPORRHEU'MA, Rheumatis'musfaciei, 
from irpqawirov, 'face,' and pivpa, 'defluxion,' 
' rheumatism.' Rheumatism affecting the face. 
PROSOPOSIS, Physiognomy. 
PROSOPOSPASMUS, Canine Laugh. 
PROSOPOSTERNODYMIA,seeCepbalosoma- 
todymia. 
PROSPERITAS VALETUDINIS, Sanitas. 
PROSPHORA, Prehension. 
PROS'PHYSIS, Adnascen'tia, Coalit"io, 'ad- 
hesion, adherence, connexion,' from vpos, and 
0vw, ' I grow.' In a more limited sense, this 
word means morbid adhesion of the eyelids, 
cither between themselves, or with the globe of 
the eye; Ankyloblepharon. 
PROS'TASIS, rpoaraais, {rpo, and mavis, 'sta- 
tion,') 'superiority, preponderance;' same ety- 
mon as Prostate. A predominance or abundance 
of excrementitions humour.- Hippocr. 
718 
PROSTRATION 
PROSTATA, Prostate - p. Bartholini, Cow- 
per's glands in the female - p. Muliebris, Cow- 
per's glands in the female. 
PROSTATAS, Prostate. 
PROSTATAL, Prostatic. 
PROSTATAL'GIA, from r poor ar a, 'the pros- 
tate,' and aXyos, 'pain.' Pain in the prostate. 
PROST AT AUXE, Prostatopareetasis. 
PROSTATE,Ttpoarara,from itpo, 'before,' and ta- 
rrjpi, 'Istand.'-Pros'tata,P.gland'ula,Pros'tata, 
P. glandulo'ea, Paras'tata adeno'ides seu glandu- 
le'sa, Adstans, Paras' tata, P. gland' nice, Pros' fa- 
ta adenoi'des, Testis minor, Corpus glandulo'sum 
seu glando'sum, C. adeniforme, C. glandiforme, 
C. glandulo'sum, C. adenoi'des, Assisten'tes glan- 
dules, Ads'tites glandidosi ; the Prostate gland. 
A glandular, cordiform body, of the size of a 
chestnut, situate before the neck of the bladder, 
behind the symphysis pubis, and surrounding the 
first portion of the urethra. Its excretory out- 
lets, to the number of 10 or 12, open into the part 
of the urethra that traverses it, and pour into it 
a whitish viscid humour, intended to lubricate the 
interior of the urethra, and to serve as a vehicle 
for the sperm in its ejaculation. 
PROSTATELCO'SIS, from irpoaraTa, 'pros- 
tate,' and 'tX/cof, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the 
prostate. 
PROSTATES INFERIEURES, Cowper's 
glands-p. Petites, Cowper's glands. 
PROSTAT'IC, Prostat'icus, Pros'fatal. That 
which relates to the prostate. Winslow has 
named - Superior Prostatic Muscles - ligaments 
which pass from the pubis to the lateral parts of 
the prostate. He, also, calls-Inferior prostatic 
muscles-the fleshy fibres, which, from the lateral 
parts of the urethra, near its membranous por- 
tion, pass to be inserted into the pubis. 
Prostatic Bisec'tor. An instrument em- 
ployed by Dr. Stevens, of New York, in the bi- 
lateral operation of lithotomy. In form it resem- 
bles a large olive, with a beak at the extremity, 
with cutting edges at the sides parallel to its 
longest axis, and with a straight handle. 
Prostatic Liquor, Liquor prostat'icus. The 
fluid secreted by the prostate, which mixes with 
sperm during emission. 
Prostatic Portion of the Urethra. The 
part of the canal of the urethra included by the 
prostate: it is about 15 lines long. 
Prostatic Sinus, see Sinus, prostatic. 
PROSTATICUS SUPERIOR, Compressor 
prostates. 
PROSTATI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Pros'tata, from 
npoarara, ' the prostate,' and itis, denoting inflam- 
mation. Inflammation of the prostate. 
PROSTATOCELE, Prostatoncus. 
PROSTATON'CUS, Prostatoce'le, Tumor pros'- 
tata, from ttpoarara, ' the prostate,' and oyxot, ' a 
tumour.' Swelling of the prostate. 
PROSTATOPAREC'TASIS, from irpoarara, 
'prostate,' and 'rapeicraveiv, 'to extend.' En- 
largement of the prostate; also, induration of the 
same, Prostatoscir'rhus, Prostataux'e. 
PROSTATOSCIRRIIUS, see Prostatoparec- 
tasis. 
PROSTERNID'IUM, from irpo, 'before,' and 
errepvov, 'the sternum.' Any agent applied to the 
anterior part of the chest; a plaster to the breast. 
PROSTHESIS, Prothesis. 
PROSTHETA, Subdita. 
PROSTHIUM, Penis. 
PROSTOM'IA, Commissu'ra labio'rum; (F.) 
rpo, 'before,' and aropa, 'mouth.' The commis- 
sure of the lips. 
PROSTRA'TION, Prostra'tio vi'rium, (F.) 
Prostration des forces, Abattement. Great de- PROTEA 
pression of strength. Almost total loss of power 
over the muscles of locomotion. 
PRO'TEA MELIFE'RA. A South African 
plant, Nat. Ord. Proteaceae, whose involucra 
and flowers, at the time of inflorescence, are 
filled with a sweet watery liquid, which contains 
a great deal of honey. By inspissation it forms a 
delicious syrup-Syru'pus Pro'tea, which is much 
used in pulmonary affections. 
ProtEa Lepidocarpon, and some other Pro- 
tern, supply the same kind of juice. 
PRO'TEAN, Pro'teiform, Proteiform'is, from 
Proteus, who could assume various shapes. As- 
suming different shapes. 
PROTEIFORMIS, Protean. 
Proteiform'is Morbus. A disease which as- 
sumes various characters. 
PRO'TEIN, Proteine, Protei'na : from rrpojrcvo, 
' I take first rank.' A product of the decomposi- 
tion of albumen, &c., by potassa. When animal 
albumen, fibrin or casein is dissolved in a mode- 
rately strong solution of caustic potassa, and the 
solution is exposed for some time to a high tem- 
perature, these substances are decomposed. The 
addition of acetic acid causes, in all three, the 
separation of a gelatinous translucent precipitate 
which has exactly the same characters and com- 
position. This is protein. - Mulder. 
Protein is the basis of animal and vegetable 
fibrin, albumen, and casein, and of gluten, which 
have been, consequently, classed under the " pro- 
teinaceous alimentary principle," by Dr. Pereira. 
PROTEINACEOUS, Proteinous. 
PRO'TEINOUS, Proteina'ceous, Proteino'sus, 
(F.) Proteique. Of, or belonging to protein; - 
as " a proteinous alimentary principle." 
PROTEIQUE, Proteinous. 
PROTENSIONES GLANDULARES, Mam- 
millary eminences. 
PROTH'ESIS, Pros'thesis, Adjune'tio, Adjec'- 
tio, Apposi"tio, ' addition, application ;' from irpoj, 
'in addition to,'and 'I put.' That part 
of surgery whose object is to add to the human 
body some artificial part, in place of one that may 
be wanting, as a wooden leg, an artificial eye, &e. 
PROTMESIS, Umbilicus, Kidney. 
PROTOGALA, Colostrum. 
PROTOIATROS, Archiater. 
PROTOMEDICUS, Archiater. 
PROTOMUS, Dissector. 
PROTOPATHIA, Idiopathia. 
PRO'TOPIIYTE, Protoph'yton, from rpwrof, 
'first,' and tyvrov, 'a plant.' A vegetable produc- 
tion at the foot of the scale; as a cryptogamous 
plant, - a fungus. 
PROTOSPOROS, Os uteri. 
PROTOZO'ON, from n-pwroy, 'first,' and fwov, 
' an animal.' An animal low in the scale; - as a 
monad. 
PROTRUSION, Prolapsus. 
PROTU'BERANCE, Protuberan'tia, Extube- 
ra'tio, Prominen'tia, Excrescen'tia, Extuberan'tia, 
from pro, 'before,' and tuber, 'a projection.' 
(F.) Bosse. A name given to rough, unequal 
protuberances, seen at the surface of certain or- 
gans ; the parietal protuberances, occipital pro- 
tuberances, annular protuberances, Ac. 
Protuberance, Annular, Pons Varolii- p. 
Cerebral, Medulla oblongata, Pons Varolii-p. 
Cylindroidc, Cornu ammonis. 
PROTUBERANTIA, Eminence-p. Annularis 
Willisii, Pons Varolii - p. Cylindrica, Cornu 
ammonis. 
PROTRUSOR, Detrusor urinse. 
PROULIMATE'SIS. A word employed by 
Forestus for hernia of the stomach. 
PROUNE, Prunus domestica. 
719 
PRUNUM 
PROVENTRIC'ULUS, Bulbus glandulo'sus, 
Infundibu'lum, Second stomach; from irpo, 'be- 
fore,' and ventriculus, ' the stomach.' A bulbous 
expansion at the termination of the oesophagus, 
immediately above the gizzard of birds, the walls 
of which are thickly studded with a layer of 
glands or follicles which secrete a digestive fluid. 
PROVERBS, MED'ICAL. A proverbial ex- 
pression frequently contains sound sense in its 
directions. In medicine, the greatest collection 
is in the Regimen of Health of the School of Sa- 
lernum, composed in the 11th century, by John 
of Milan. Yet, although good sense is often in- 
culcated, we frequently meet with the reverse. 
Most of the proverbs are hygienic. The fol- 
lowing are a few. 
1. Qu' apres la soupe tin coupe d'excellent vin 
Tire un ecu de la poche du midecin. 
2. Surge quinta,prande nona, coena quintet, dormi 
nona, nec est morti vita prona. 
3. Nunquam recte corpus exerceri sine animo, 
neque animurn sine corpore posse. 
4. Pt'ande bien machee est d demi digeree. 
5. Optimum condimentum fames. 
Appetite is the best sauce. 
6. Plures occidit gula quant gladius. 
7. Early to bed and early to rise, 
Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 
8. One man's meat's another man's poison. 
9. An ounce of prevention is better than a pound 
of cure. 
PROVERSIO, Anteversion. 
PROVINS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha- 
lybeate springs in the department of Seine et 
Marne, France, which contain carbonic acid and 
iron. 
PROVOCATORIUS, Intercalary. 
PROX'IMAD, see Proximal aspect. 
Prox'imal, from proximus, ' next.' Proxi- 
mate ; nearest; next. 
Proximal Aspect. An aspect towards the 
trunk, in the course of an extremity. - Barclay. 
Proximad is used by the same writer adverbially 
to signify 'towards the trunk.' 
PRUNA, Anthrax. 
PRUNE, Prunum. 
Prune Juice Expectora'tion or Sputa. The 
sputa resembling prune juice, which occur in the 
third or purulent stage of pneumonia. 
PRUNELLA, Angina pectoris, Aphthae, Cy- 
nanche, Pupil. 
Prunel'la, P. vulga'ris seu officina'lis, Bru- 
nel'la, Consol'ida minor, Sym'phytum minus. Self- 
heal, Heal-all, Bugle, (F.) Prunelie, Brunelle; 
Family, Labiatm. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gym- 
nospermia. This plant has been recommended 
as an astringent, in hemorrhages and fluxes; and, 
also, in gargles against aphthae, and in inflam- 
mation of the fauces. 
PRUNELLAS SAL, Potasses nitras fusus sul 
phatis paucillo mixtus. 
PRUNELLE, Prunella, Pupil. 
PRUNELLIER, Prunus spinosa. 
PRUNELLOE, Prunum Brignolense. 
PRUNEOLA SYLVESTRIS, Prunus spinosa. 
PRUNES, see Prunum - p. Pulp of, Pruni 
Pulpa. 
PRUNI PULPA, Pulp of prunes. Take of 
prunes a sufficient quantity, soften them in the 
vapour of boiling water, and having separated 
the stones, beat the remainder in a marble mortar 
and press through a hair-sieve. - Ph. U. S. 
PRUNIER, Prunus domestica-p. Sawage, 
Prunus spinosa. 
PRUNUM. A Plum, a Prune. Three sorts PRUNUS 
of plums have been usually ranked amongst the 
articles of the materia medica. 1. The Prunum 
Brignolen'se ; the Brignole plum or Prunel'loe; 
from Brignole in Provence. It is of a reddish- 
yellow colour; and has a very grateful, sweet, 
subacid taste. 2. The Prunum Gal'licum, Pru- 
num (Ph. U. S.), the French Prune; and 3. The 
Prunum Damasce' num or Damson, Brab'ylon. 
All these possess the same general qualities as 
the other summer fruits. They are emollient and 
laxative. 
Prunum Stellatum, Averrhoa carambola. 
PRUNUS ACACIA, Prunus padus. 
Prunus Armeniaca, Armeni'aca vulga'ris seu 
epiroti'ca. The A'pricot, Apricock, Bericoc'ce, 
fltpiicoKKr), Pracoc'ia, (F.) Abricot. Family, Rosa- 
ceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Monogynia. The 
apricot, Melurn Armeniacum, when ripe, is easily 
digested, and considered as a great delicacy. 
Prunus A'vium, P. cer'asus seu sylvest' ris seu 
macrophyI'la., Black Cherry Tree, Cer'asus A'vi- 
um seu nigra seu dulcis, (F.) MMsier. The 
fruit is eaten; and a gum exudes from the tree, 
the properties of which are similar to those of gum 
Arabic. 
Prunus Capulin, (S.) Capuli.es, grows in the 
open fields of Peru ; and is cultivated in gardens in 
the towns. The fruit is acid, and not often eaten; 
but on account of its agreeable odour it is used in 
making Pucheros de jlores ; or with odoriferous 
flowers to perfume linen. --Tschudi. 
Prunus Cer'asus, Cer'asus ac"ida seu horten'- 
sis seu vulga'ris seu rubra. The Red Cherry 
Tree; (F.) Cerisier. The fruit Cer'asum, Cera'- 
sion, has a pleasant, acidulous sweet flavour. It 
is wholesome. See Prunus avium. 
Prunus Domes'tica. The Plum or Damson 
tree, Coccyme'lea, Proune, (F.) Prunier ordinaire. 
The damson, when perfectly ripe, affords a whole- 
some fruit for pies, tarts, <fcc. It is gently laxa- 
tive. See Prunum. 
Prunus Hortensis, P. cerasus. 
Prunus Insi'tia. The Bullace Plum Tree. 
The fruit of this tree is used like the damson. 
Prunus LaurO-Cer'asus, Cer'asus lauro-cera- 
sus, Padus lauro-cerasus, Poison Laurel, Cherry 
Laurel, Common Laurel, Lauro-cer'asus, (F.) Lau- 
rier-cirise, L. amandier. The leaves have a bit- 
ter, styptic taste, with the flavour of bitter al- 
monds. The flowers have a similar flavour. The 
powdered leaves, applied to the nostrils, excite 
sneezing. The flavour of the leaves has given 
occasion to their being employed in tarts, cus- 
tards, <fcc.; but in large quantities they are poi- 
sonous. The poisonous principle is the prussic 
acid. The distilled water, called Laurel-water, 
is poisonous. (See Poisons, Table of.) 
Prunus Macrophylla, P. avium. 
Prunes Padus, Padus, P. a'vium, Cer'asus 
Padus, Cer'asus raeemo'sus sylves'tris, Wild clus- 
ter or Bird Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier d grappes, 
Bois puant. The bark of the tree has a fragrant 
smell, and a bitter sub-astringent taste, somewhat 
similar to that of bitter almonds. It has been 
recommended in &c. in the form of 
Jecoction. The berries have been used in dysen- 
tery. 
Prunus Sebastina, Sebastina. 
Prunes Spino'sa. The Sloe Tree, P. sylves'- 
tris seu Aca'cia, Agriococcime'lea, Agru'na, Agru- 
ne'la, (F.) Prunellier, Prunier sauvage. The 
fruit-the sloe-is sometimes employed in gargles, 
and was formerly much used in hemorrhage, 
owing to its astringent properties. The Aca'cia 
nostras seu German'ica seu vulga'ris, Prune'ola 
tylves'tris, Succus acacia nostra'tis, S. Acacia 
Germanica inspissa'tus is obtained from this. 
Prunes Sylvestris, P. Avium, P. Spinosa. 
Prunes Virginia'na, Cer'asus sero'tina, C. 
720 
PSELLISMUS 
Ftrytwta'na, Wile? Cherry Tree, (F.) Cerisier de 
Virginie. The bark of this tree has been found 
useful in intermittents. The leaves are poisonous 
to certain animals, and the berries intoxicate dif- 
ferent kinds of birds. The Indians use the bark 
in the cure of syphilis. It is bitter and astrin- 
gent, and possesses some aromatic warmth, and, 
likewise, a narcotic quality. It is stimulant and 
tonic. The leaves contain prussic acid. The 
distilled oil of the bark is very nearly identical 
with that of the bitter almond. A strong decoc- 
tion of the bark is anthelmintic. 
Prunus Vulgaris, P. Padus. 
PRURIG"INOUS, Prurigino'sus; same ety- 
mon as the next. Relating, or belonging to, or 
resembling prurigo. 
PRURI'GO, Pruri'tus, Chris'ma ; from prurio, 
' I itch.' The word is often used synonymously 
with itching. Willan and Bateman use the term 
for a genus of cutaneous diseases, the character- 
istic symptoms of which are a severe itching, 
accompanied by an eruption of papulae of nearly 
the same colour as the adjoining cuticle; Cnermos, 
Scabies papuliform'is, Exor'mia pruri'go. It 
affects the whole surface of the skin, under three 
varieties of form ; - the P. mitis, P. formi'cans, 
P. seni'lis, ic. as well as some parts of the body, 
as the P. pod'ids, and P.puden'di mulie'bris seu 
Puden'dagra pru'riens. 
Prurigo, Ileat-p. Pedicularis, Phtheiriasis. 
P RUB IT, Itching. 
PRURITUS, Gargle, Itching, Prurigo. 
PRUSSIAN BLUE,Ferrum Zoot' icuni, F. Bo- 
rus'sicum, F. Cyanogena'turn, F. oxydnla'tum hy- 
drocyan'icum, Ferri Ferrocy'anas, F. Ferrocya- 
nure'tum, Borus'sias Ferri, Caru'leum Borus'si- 
cum, C. Berolinen' se, Prvssias Ferri, Hydrocy'• 
anas Ferri, Ferri Cyanure'tuni, Ferri percyan'i- 
dum, Trito-hydro-ferroey'anate of iron, Ferrocy- 
anuret of iron, Ferro-prus'siate of iron, (F.) Bleu 
de Prusse. In the Pharmacopoeia of the United 
States, the pure salt-Ferri ferrocyanuretum-is 
directed to be made as follows : Ferri 
acid sulph. fSpiisS, acid nitric, or q. s., po- 
tassii ferrocyanuret. aqua, Oij. Dissolve 
the sulphate in a pint of water, and having add- 
ed the sulphuric acid, boil the solution. Pour 
into it the nitric acid, in small portions, boiling 
the liquid for a minute or two after each addi- 
tion, until it no longer produces a dark colour; 
then allow the liquid to cool. Dissolve the ferro- 
cyanuret of potassium in the remainder of the 
water, and add this solution gradually to the first 
liquid, agitating the mixture after each addition; 
then pour it upon a filter. Wash the precipitate 
with boiling water until the washings pass taste- 
less. Lastly, dry and rub into powder. This 
salt is chiefly used in the preparation of the hy- 
drocyanic acid and the cyanuret of mercury. It 
has been advised in the treatment of intermit- 
tents, and in epilepsy and scrophulosis. Exter- 
nally, i£has been applied to ill-conditioned ulcers. 
(5.1 t0 5j- of cerate.) Dose, four to six grains. 
PSALIDIUM, Fornix. 
PSALIS, Fornix, Scissors. 
PSALTERIUM, Lyra. 
PSAMMA, see Gravel. 
PSAMMIS'MUS, Ammis'mus, Gammis'mus, 
from <f>afi/ios, ' sand.' Arena'tio. The application 
of sand to any part of the body for the cure of 
disease. - Paulus. 
PSAMMODES, Sabulous. 
PSAMMUS, see Gravel. 
PSELLIS'MUS, from 'I 
stutter.' Imperfect or depraved state of the arti- 
culation. A genus in the class Pnevmatica, order 
Phonica, of Good. 
PSELLISMUS Nasitas, Rhlnophonia - p. Rho- 
tacismus, Rotacism. PSELOTES 
PSELLOTES, Balbuties. 
PSEUDACACIA ODORATA, Robinia pseu- 
dacacia. 
PSEUDAC'OE. Pseudaco'i'a, Pseudeco'i'a, from 
'false,' and aKorj, 'audition.' Pseudacu'sis. 
False hearing. 
PSEUDACORUS, Iris pseudacorus. 
PSEUD ASSTIIE'SIA, Sensus perver'sus, from 
iptvSris, 'false,' and aiaSaropai, 'I feel.' Parapsis 
•illuso'ria, Pseudo'phe, Pseudaph'ia. Depraved 
feeling. Imaginary sense of touch or general 
feeling in organs that have no existence. Com- 
mon to those who have suffered amputation; and 
in hypochondriacs and the insane. 
PSEUDALEI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
PSEUDANGUSTURINUM, Brucine. 
PSEUDAPIIE, Pseudaesthesia. 
PSEUDARTIIRO'SIS, Pseudarticula'tio, 
Pseudartic'ulus, Articula'tio notha seu artificia'- 
lis, from iptuJns, 'false,' and 'a joint.' A 
false joint or articulation. 
PSEUDARTICULATIO, Pseudarthrosis. 
PSEUDECOIA, Pseudacoe. 
PSEUDENCEPH'ALUS, Paraceph'alus, from 
'false.' and tyxetpaXov, 'the encephalon.' 
A monster, whose cranium is open in its whole 
extent, from before to behind, its base supporting 
a vascular tumour.- G. St. Hilaire. 
PSEUDO, False - p. Asthma, Dyspnoea. 
PSEUDOBLEP'SIA, Pseudoblepsis, Pseudo- 
ra'sis, Suffu'sio oc'uli, from 'false,' and 
' sight.' Pseudops'ia, Parop'sis illuso'ria, 
Suffu'sio, Phantas'ma, False sight. A generic 
name, used by Cullen for perversion of vision. 
See Metamorphopsia. 
PSEUDOBLEPSIS, Paropsis. 
PSEUDOCARCINOMA LABII, Cancer aqua- 
ticus. 
PSEUDOCROUP, Asthma thymicum. 
PSEUDOCYESIS, Pregnancy, false - p. Cye- 
sis molaris, Mole. 
PSE UDOENCEPIIALITIS, Hydrencephaloid 
disease. 
PSEUDO-FEVER, Irritation, morbid. 
PSEUDOGEU'SIA, Pseudogeu'sis, Pseudo- 
geus'tia, from 'false,' and yevais, 'taste.' 
HaUucina'tio gustus. False taste. 
PSEUDOGEUSTIA, Pseudogeusia. 
PSEUD0HELMINT1IES, Ectozoa. 
PSEUDOLI'EN, Pseudosplen. Glands situate 
in the neighbourhood of the spleen; probably, 
lymphatic glands. 
PSEUDOMECHOACANA. Convolvulus pan- 
duratus. 
PSEUDOMEDICUS, Charlatan. 
PSEUDOMELANOTIC FORMATIONS, see 
Anthracosis-p. Membrane, Membrane, false. 
Pseudomelanotic Meninx, Membrane, false- 
p. Metamorphosis polyposa, Polypus. 
PSEUDOMEMBRANA, Membrane, false. 
PSEUDONARCISSUS, Narcissus pseudonar- 
cissus. 
PSBUDOPERIPNEUMONIA,Peripneumonia 
notha. 
PSEUDOPHLOGOSIS VENTRICULI RE- 
SOLUTIVA ET COLLIQUATIVA, Gastroma- 
lacia. 
PSEUDOPHTHI'SIS. False phthisis. Ema- 
ciation occasioned by other cause than organic 
lesion of the lungs. 
PSEUDOPLAS'MATA, from 'false,' 
and TArtcro-w, ' I form.' A term applied to malig- 
nant heterologous tumours. - Vogel. 
PSEUDOPLEURITIS, Pleurodynia - p. Po- 
721 
PSOITIS 
lypi, see Polypi - p. Pyrethrum, Achillea ptar- 
mica- p. Spleen, Pseudolien. 
PSEUDOPNEUMONIA, Peripneumonia no- 
tha. 
PSEUDOPNEUMONITIS, Peripneumonia no- 
tha. 
PSEUDOPSIA, Pseudoblepsia. 
PSEUDORASIS, Pseudoblepsia. 
PSEUDOREX'IA, Pseudorex'is, from 
'false,' and ' appetite.' False appetite. 
PSEUDO-RHONCHUS, from 'false,' 
and 'rattle.' A sound heard during re- 
spiration, which appears to be produced, like the 
ordinary rhonchi, in the air-tubes, but is exterior 
to them-as in the case of pleural pseudorhonchi. 
See Rattle, and Hale. 
PSEUDOS'MIA, Pseudospbre'sia, Pseudos- 
phre'sis, from ipcvir/s, 'false,' and oaprj, 'smell.' 
False sense of smell. 
PSEUDOPIIRESIA, Pseudosmia. 
PSEUDOSYPIIILIS, Syphilis pseudosyphilis. 
PSEUDOTHANATOS, Asphyxia. 
PSEUD0VARI0L2E, Varicella. 
PSEUDYMEN, Membrane, false. 
PSID'IUM POMIF'ERUM. The Apple Gua- 
va, Guava, Guayava. This plant and P. Pyrif- 
erum bear fruits; those of the former like apples, 
- of the latter like pears. The apple kind has 
an acid flavour, the other is sweet. Of the inner 
pulp of either, the natives of the Indies make 
jellies ; and, of the outer rind, tarts, marmalades, 
Ac. They are somewhat astringent; this qua- 
lity, indeed, exists in every part of the tree, and 
abundantly in the leaf-buds, which are occasion- 
ally boiled with barley and liquorice as an excel- 
lent drink in diarrhoea. A simple decoction of 
the leaves is said to be useful in the itch, and 
most cutaneous eruptions. 
PSILOSIS, Depilation. 
PSILOTHRUM, Bryonia alba, Depilatory. 
PSIMMYTIION, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
PSOA, Dysodia. 
PSOAS, Psoice, Psyce, Lnmbi, 'the loins,' Alop'- 
eees, Nephrome'tree, Neurome' tres. The psoae 
muscles. 
PSOAS MAGNUS, Psoas seu lumba'ris inter'- 
nus, Pri-lombo-trochantin, Pre-lombo-trochan- 
tinien (Ch.), Femur moven'tium sextos. A mus- 
cle, seated on the lateral parts of the lumbar por- 
tion of the vertebral column; and passing down 
to the superior and anterior part of the thigh. It 
is long, fusiform, and attached, above, to the 
body and transverse processes of the first four 
lumbar vertebrae, and last dorsal. Below, it ter- 
minates, by a very thick tendon, common to it 
and the iliacus muscle, - which is inserted into 
the top of the lesser trochanter. This muscle 
bends the thigh upon the pelvis, and carries it in 
rotation outwards. It may, also, bend the pelvis 
on the thigh, and the loins on the pelvis. It acts 
considerably in station and progression. 
Psoas Parvus, Pre-lontbo-pubien, (Ch.) A 
muscle situate anteriorly to the last. It is long, 
thin, flat, and narrow ; and is attached, above, to 
the body of the last dorsal vertebra, and below, 
to the linea ileo-pectinea. by means of a slender 
tendon, which furnishes two expansions - one to 
the Iliac aponeurosis, and the other to the pelvis. 
This muscle bends the vertebral column on the 
pelvis; and, reciprocally, the pelvis on the ver- 
tebral column. 
PSODYMUS, Gastrodidymus. 
PSOL®, Psoae. 
PSOfTE, Psoitis. 
PSOI'TIS, Tnjlarrma'tio mus'culi Psoas, Luin- 
ba'yo injlammato'ria spasmod'ica, (F.) Psoite, In. PSOLE 
flammation du muscle Psoas. From ifjoat, 'the 
loins/ and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the psoas muscles and of the parts 
situate before the lumbar vertebrae : accompanied, 
from its commencement, by considerable fever, 
violent pains in the part affected and in the thigh 
of the same side, which remains commonly half 
bent. Psoitis may terminate by suppuration, and 
form lumbar abscess. 
PSOLE, 'the male organ.' Also, the 
glans when uncovered. 
PSOLON, Membrosus. 
PSOLON'CUS, from and oyicoj, 'a tu- 
mour.' Swelling of the glans, or of the penis 
generally. 
PSOLUS, from d wX>7. One who has the glans 
uncovered. One who has been circumcised. 
PSOPHOMETER, Stethoscope. 
PSOPHOS, 'a noise.' A loud noise; a 
hollow sound. 
PSORA, from 'j™, 'I touch, I feel.' Sca'bies, 
Phlysis Scabies, Ecpye'sis Scabies, Scabiola, Itch, 
Scratch, Scotch fiddle, (F.) Gale, Mai Saint-Main, 
liogne. A contagious eruption of very minute 
pimples-pustular, vesicular, papular, intermixed, 
and alternating, itching intolerably and termina- 
ting in scabs. It seems to be connected with an 
insect of the genus Acarus; - the Ac'arus seu 
Sarcop'tes seu Sarcop'tus seu Phthi'rium seu Ghey- 
le'tus Scabiei, Ac'arus Giro, Itch-insect, (F.) Giron. 
The itch occupies, particularly, the spaces between 
the fingers, the back of the hands, wrists, elbows, 
axillae, groins, hams, &c., and rarely affects the 
face. The best applications, for its cure, are,- 
the Unguentum Sulphuris or Ung. Sulph. comp. 
night and morning; but the unpleasant smell of 
the sulphur has given occasion to the use of other 
means; - as the White Hellebore, Potass in deli- 
quescence, Muriate of Ammonia, Sulphuric Acid, 
&c. The repugnance to the smell of sulphur 
ought not, however, to be regarded; especially 
as, in the course of four or five days, it will, in 
almost all cases, produce a perfect cure. 
Psora Agria, Psoriasis inveterata-p. Lepro- 
sa, Psoriasis - p. Squamosa, Psoriasis. 
PSORA'LEA GLANDULO'SA, Alvaquil'la. 
Family, Leguminosse. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia De- 
candria. A shrub, used in Chili as a vulnerary. 
Psora'lea Pentaphyl'la, Psora'lia, Gontra- 
yer'va nova, Mex'ican Contrayer'va. The root is 
little, if at all, inferior to the contrayerva in its 
medical properties; which, by the by, are unim- 
portant. 
PSORALIA, Psoralea pentaphylla. 
PSOREJJTERIA, Cholera. 
PSORI'ASIS, formerly, the state of being af- 
fected with Lepido'sis psori'asis, Serpe'do, 
Serpi'go, Impeti'go (of some), Sca'bies sic'ca, S. 
feri'na, Psora lepro'sa, P. squamo'sa, Scaly Tet- 
ter, Dry Scale, Dry Scali, (F.) Dartre squameuse 
lichenoide, D. ecailleuse, Gratelie, Gale miliare, 
G. canine ou seche. A cutaneous affection, con- 
sisting of patches of rough, armorphous scales ; 
continuous, or of indeterminate outline; skin 
often chappy. Psoriasis occurs under a consi- 
derable variety of forms. The surface, under the 
scales, is more tender and irritable than in lepra, 
which psoriasis, in some respects, resembles. Dr. 
Willan has given names to eleven varieties of 
psoriasis: the chief of which are the Psoriasis 
gutta'ta, P. difiu'sa (one form of which is the 
Faker's Itch and Grocer's Itch, and another, the 
Washerwoman's Scali), the P. gyra'ta, and P. 
invetera'ta seu Psora a'gria. The treatment of 
psoriasis must be antiphlogistic, with the internal 
use of the fixed alkalies, sulphur, &c. The irri- 
722 
PSYLLIUM 
table kinds do better without any local applica- 
tion. The more local and less inflammatory are 
ameliorated by emollient and soothing applica- 
tions; or by slightly stimulating means, sea- 
bathing, the £/»</. hydrarg. nitrico-oxyd., Ung. 
oxidi zinci, &c. 
PSO'RICUS. That which has the nature of 
itch. A medicine for curing the itch. 
PSOROPHTHALMIA, Ophthalmia tarsi -p. 
Neonatorum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infan- 
tum). 
PSYJE, Psoae. 
PSYCHAGOGA, Psychagogica. 
PSYCHAGO'GICA, Psychago'ga, from 
'life,' 'soul,' and ayw, 'I lead.' Medicines which 
resuscitate, when life seems extinct; as in syn- 
cope and apoplexy. 
PSYCHE, Anima. 
PSYCHIATRI'A, from 'mind,' and 
larpcia, 'healing.' Treatment of diseases of the 
mind. 
PSY'CHICAL, Psy'chicus, from 'mind.' 
That which relates to the mind or mental endow- 
ments. Psychological is not unfrequently used 
with the like signification. 
PSYCHOLOGICAL, see Psychical. 
PSYCHOL'OGY, Psycholog"ia, from 
'mind,' and Aoyos, 'discourse.' A treatise on the 
intellectual and moral faculties. Also, the intel- 
lectual and moral faculties or sphere. 
PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, Psychonosolog"ia, from 
'mind,' voces, 'disease,' and Aoyos, ' a de- 
scription.' The doctrine of, or a treatise on, dis- 
eases of the mind. 
PSYCHOPATHIES, Psychoses. 
PSYCHOR'AGES, Agoni'zans, Moribun'dug, 
Moribund, from 'mind,' and payn, 'rup- 
ture.' Dying. In Articulo Mortis. Moribund 
means, also, one who is dying. 
PSYCHORAGIA, Agony, Death. 
PSYCHORRHAGIA, Agony, Death. 
PSYCHOS, Cold. 
PSYCHO'SES, from 'mind.' Neuroses 
of the intellect. Diseases of the mind. Psy- 
chop'athies. 
PSYCHOTICA, Analeptica. 
PSYCHOTRIA, Analeptica-p. Emetica, Ipe- 
cacuanha. 
PSYCHOTROPHUM, Betonica officinalis. 
PSYCHROLU'SIA, Psychrolu'tron, from 
Xpof, 'cold,' and Xovw, 'I wash.' A cold bath. 
PSYCHROPHOB'IA, from 'cold,' and 
0o/3of, ' fear.' Dread of cold, especially of cold 
water. Impressibility to cold. 
PSYCHTICA, Refrigerants. 
PSYDRA'CIA, quasi, if/vrpa 'vSpaiaa, 'cold 
drops.' The ancients sometimes used this term 
for pimples ; at others, for vesicles. Willan and 
Bateman define Psydracium to be, a small pus- 
tule, often irregularly circumscribed, producing 
but a slight elevation of the cuticle, and termi- 
nating in a laminated scab. Many of the psy- 
dracia usually appear together, and become con- 
fluent; and, after the discharge of pus, they pour 
out a thin, watery humour; which frequently 
forms an irregular incrustation. Frank limits 
the term to a psoriform eruption, which differs 
from itch in not originating from an insect, and 
is not contagious; - perhaps the lichen. Au- 
thors have differed regarding its acceptation. 
Psydracia Acne, Acne. 
PSYLLIUM, Plantago psyllium-p. Erectum, 
Plantago psyllium. PTARMICA 
PTARMICA, Achillea ptarmica-p. Montana, 
Arnica montana. 
PTARMICUM, Errhine, Sternutatory. 
PTARMOS, Sneezing. 
PTELEA, Ulmus. 
PTERIS, Polypodium filix mas. 
Pteris Aquili'na, 'Eagles' Wings' so called 
from its leaves. Pter'ia, Thelyp'teris, Filix Nym- 
phce'a seu fe'mina, Asple'nium aquili'num, Com- 
mon Brake or Female Fern; Eagle Fern, Bracken, 
(F.) Fouglre femelle, La grande Fougere. Nat. 
Ord. Filices. The root is considered to be an- 
thelmintic ; and as efficacious as that of the male 
fern in cases of tapeworm. 
Pteris Palustris, Asplenium filix fcemina. 
PTERNA, Calcaneum. 
PTERNIUM, Calcaneum. 
PTERNOBATES, Calcigradus. 
PTEROCARPUS ERINACEA, see Kino-p. 
Marsupium, see Kino-p. Sandalinus, P. Santa- 
linus. 
Pterocar'pus Santali'nus, P. Sandali'nus, 
San'talum seu San'dalum Bubrum, Bed Sanders 
or Saunders Tree, (F.) Santal rouge. Family, 
Leguminoste. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. 
Red Saunders wood, San'talum (Ph. U. S.,) Lig- 
num sandali'num is used only as a colouring mat- 
ter : it gives to rectified spirit a fine deep red. 
The juice of this tree, like that of P. Draco, af- 
fords a species of Dragon's Blood. 
PTEROS'PORA ANDROMEDEA, Scaly Dra- 
gon claw, Dragon root, Fever root, Albany beech- 
drop. An indigenous plant, Nat. Ord. Mono- 
tropeae, Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogynia:-found 
in the state of New York, which blossoms in July. 
The root has been regarded as an anthelmintic, 
diuretic, emmenagogue, &c.: but it is not used. 
PTERYG'ION, Pteryg'ium, Ala, from irrrpvf, 
'awing.' A small wing. Onyx, Pyo'sis, Unguis, 
(F.) Drapeau, Onglet. A varicose excrescence 
of the conjunctiva, of a triangular shape, and 
commonly occurring at the inner angle of the 
eye; whence it extends over the cornea. Some- 
times two or three pterygia occur on the same 
eye, and cover the whole cornea with a thick 
veil, which totally prevents vision. According to 
Scarpa, the ancients gave the name Pannic'ulus 
to this last complication. If the pterygion can- 
not be dispelled by means of discutient collyria, 
it must be removed by the scissors. 
PTERYGIUM, Pterygion, Scapula-p. Digiti, 
Paronychia-p. Lardaceum, Pinguecula-p. Pin- 
gue, Pinguecula. 
PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE, Ptery- 
goideus internus-p. Colli-maxillaire, Pterygoid- 
eus externus-p. Maxillaire, grand, Pterygoideus 
internus - p. Maxillaire, petit, Pterygoideus ex- 
ternus-p. Palatine canal, Pterygoid canal - p. 
Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis-p. Staphy- 
linus, Circumflexus. 
PTER'YGO-PAL'ATINE, Pterygo-Palati'nus. 
That which belongs to the pterygoid process and 
palate. 
Pterygo-Palatine Artery or Superior pha- 
ryngeal is a very small artery, and is given off by 
the internal maxillary at the bottom of the zygo- 
matic fossa: after having passed through the 
pterygo-palatine canal, it is distributed to the 
superior part of the pharynx, the sphenoid bone, 
and the Eustachian tube. 
Pterygo-Palatine Canal. A small canal, 
formed by the internal ala of the pterygoid pro- 
cess, and the palate bone. It gives passage to 
the vessels of the same name. 
PTERYGO-STAPIIYLINUS INTERNUS, 
Levator palati-p. Syndesmo-staphyli-pharyngien, 
Constrictor pharyngis. 
PTERYGODES, Alatus. 
723 
PTERYGOID 
PTER'YGOID, Pterygo'i'des, Pterygo'ideus, Ali- 
for'mis ; from jrrcpvf, 'a wing,' and idos, 'form.' 
A name given to two processes at the inferior sur- 
face of the sphenoid bone ; the two laminae which 
form them having been compared to wings. 
These alee or icings or processes,- Proces'sus ali- 
form'es,-have been distinguished, according to 
their position, into internal and external. 
Pterygoid Artery, Vid'ian Artery, Pam'ulus 
Ductile Pterygoidei, Arte'ria pharynge'a snpre'ma, 
arises from the internal maxillary artery, at the 
bottom of the zygomatic fossa, and enters the 
pterygoid canal with the nerve of the same name, 
to proceed to be distributed on the Eustachian 
tube and velum palati. The name, pterygoid 
arteries, is likewise given to the branches, which 
the internal maxillary and some of its divisions, 
as the meningea media, and posterior temporalis 
profunda, furnish to the pterygoid muscles, be- 
hind the neck of the lower jaw. 
Pterygoid Bone, Sphenoid. 
Pterygoid Canal, Vid'ian canal, Ductus pte- 
rygo'ideus, Cana'lis Vidia'nus, (F.) Conduit pt fry - 
go'idien ou Vidien, Pterygo-palatine canal, is a 
narrow channel, which traverses, in a direction 
from before to behind, the base of the pterygoid 
process, and gives passage to the pterygoid nerve. 
The foramina of the sphenoid, which terminate 
the canals, have the same epithets applied to 
them. 
Pterygoid Fossa, Fossa Pterygoidea, (F.) 
Fosse ptfrygo'idienne ou pterygoide, is the de- 
pression which separates the two laminas or alae 
of the pterygoid process. 
Pterygoid Mvs'cles, Ala'res mus'euli, Ali- 
form'es mus'euli, are two in number. 1. The 
Pterygoideus externus, P. minor, (F.) Ptcrygo- 
colli-maxillaire, Petit Pterygo-maxillaire (Ch.) 
Petit pt frygo'idien, Ptfrygo'idien externe, is a 
thick, short muscle, which arises, by short apo- 
neuroses, from the outer surface of the external 
ala of the pterygoid process, and from the outer 
surface of the great ala of the sphenoid bone; 
and is inserted at the anterior part of the neck 
of the lower jaw-bone, and the corresponding part 
of the inter-articular fibro-cartilage. This muscle 
draws the condyle of the lower jaw and the inter- 
articular ligament forwards. It carries the chin 
forwards, and to the opposite side. If the two 
external pterygoids act together, the jaw is car- 
ried directly forwards. 2. The Pterygo'ideus in- 
ternus, P. major, Masse'ter intern'us, Latent in 
Ore, (F.) Grand Pterygo-maxillaire, Ptfrygo- 
anguli-maxillaire, Grand Ptfrygo'idien ou Ptfry- 
go'idien interne. A thick, quadrilateral muscle, 
which is attached by short and very strong apo- 
neuroses; above, to the pterygoid fossa, whence 
it proceeds downwards, backwards, and outwards, 
to be inserted into the inner surface of the ramus 
of the lower jaw, near its angle. This muscle 
raises the lower jaw, and carries it a little for- 
wards. It also performs the grinding motion. 
Pterygoid Nerves. These are two in num- 
ber. I. The Pterygoid or Vid'ian Nerve. It 
arises from the posterior part of the spheno- 
palatine ganglion ; traverses the Vidian canal of 
the sphenoid ; and, beyond, divides into two fila- 
ments. 1. A superior or cranial, Nervus superfi- 
cia'lis sive petro'sus, which ascends into the cra- 
nium, and enters the hiatus of Fallopius to unite 
with the facial nerve. 2. An inferior or carotid, 
Nervus profundus sive major, which traverses the 
carotid canal, and unites with the ascending 
branches of the superior cervical ganglion of the 
trisplanchnic. II. The Pterygoid Nerve, pro- 
perly so called, Nervus musculi pterygoidei, is 
given off by the inferior maxillary bianch of the 
Sth pair. PTER YG01DIEN 
PTERYGOJDIEN GRAND ou INTERNE, 
Pterygoideus interims-p. Externe, Pterygoideus 
externus-p. Petit, Pterygoideus externus. 
PTERYGO'MA. Same etymon. A wing; a 
projecting or pendulous body. A swelling of the 
vulva, which prevents coition.-M. A. Severinus. 
PTERYX, Ala. 
PTILOSIS, Deplumatio, Madarosis. 
PTISANA, Tisane - p. Communis, Decoctum 
hordei compositum-p. Hippocratica, Decoctum 
hordei. 
PTISSANA, Tisane. 
PTOCHIA'TER, Ptochia'trua, same etymon as 
the next. A physician to the poor, or to an esta- 
blishment for the poor. 
PTOCHIATRI'A, from 'poor,' and 
tarpcca, ' healing.' Practice amongst the poor. 
Also, an institution for the treatment of the dis- 
eases of the poor. 
PTOCHOCOMI'UM, from 'a poor per- 
son,' and ko/uw, 'I take care of;' Ptochodochi'um, 
Ptochotrophe'um. An almshouse. 
PTOCHODOCHIUM, Ptochocomium. 
PTOCIIOTROPHEUM, Ptochoeominm. 
PTOMA, Cadaver. 
PTOSIS, Prolapsus - p. Bulbi oculi, Exoph- 
thalmia. 
Ptosis Ir'idis, Iridoce'le, Her'nia Ir'idia, Tri- 
dopto'ais, Prolap'sue Iridia, from irrwaif, ' a fall- 
ing.' A prolapsus of the iris through a wound 
of the cornea. It is known by a blackish tubercle, 
which projects a little from the cornea in various 
forms. 
Ptosis Palpebr.®, Blepharoptosis. 
PTYALAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
PTYALIN, see Saliva. 
PTYALISM, Salivation. 
P T YA LI SME ME RGURI EL, Salivation, 
mercurial. 
PTYALISMUS, Salivation-p. Acutus melli- 
tus, see Salivation-p. Acutus sympatheticus, see 
Salivation-p. Hydrargyratus, Salivation, mercu- 
rial-p. Iners, Slavering-p. Mercurialis, Saliva- 
tion, mercurial-p. Pvrosicus, Pyrosis. 
PTYALOGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
PTYALON, Saliva. 
PTYASMAGOGUE, Expectorant, Sialogogue. 
PTYELON, Saliva, Sputum. 
PTYSIS. Exspuition. 
PTYSMA, Saliva. 
PTYSMAGOGUE, Sialogogue. 
PTYSMATIS'CHESIS, Ptyamatoa'cheaia, from 
irrvafia, 'sputum,' and 'to retain.' Sup- 
pression of pulmonary expectoration. 
PTYSMATOSCHESIS, Ptysmatischesis. 
PUANTEUR, Dysodia. 
PUBENS, Ephebus. 
PUBER, Ephebus. 
PU'BERAL; same etymon as Puberty. Re- 
lating or appertaining to the age of puberty-as 
'a. puberal disease.' 
PUBERE, Ephebus. 
PUBERTAS, Ephebia. 
PU'BERTY, Pubertaa, Hebe, Pubea, Apbro- 
dia'ia, Ephebi'a, Ephe'bia, Ephe'botea, Ephebo'- 
ayne, Pubescence, from pubeacere, 'to begin to 
have hair on the chin and sexual organs.' The 
period of life at which young people of both sexes 
are pubea'cent or nubile. According to the civil 
law, puberty occurs at 12 years in females, and 
14 in males. The period varies somewhat in dif- 
ferent climates, and in different individuals of 
the same climate. 
PUBES, Epia'chion, Epicten'ion, Cteia, Pecten; 
the Pubic region. Same etymon. The middle 
part of the hypogastric region ; so called, because 
it is covered with hair, in both sexes, at the 
724 
PUDIBILIA 
period of puberty. The hair is also called Pubes; 
Lanu'go seu Pudendo'rvm Planta'rium; 
and, of old, pubertas signified the same. 
Pubes, Puberty. 
PUBESCENCE, Puberty. 
PUBESCENT, see Puberty. 
PUBIJEUS, Pubic. 
PUBIC, Pu'bian, Pu'bicus, Pubice'us, (F.) 
Pubien. That which belongs to or concerns the 
pubis. 
Pubic Arch or Arch of the Pubis, (F.) Arcade 
pubienne. The arch at the anterior part of the 
inferior circumference of the pelvis. It is more 
expanded in the female than in the male; to cor- 
respond with the additional functions which she 
has to execute. 
Pubic Articula'tion, or Sym'physis Pubis, 
results from the junction of the ossa pubis.' The 
medium of union is cartilage. 
Pubic Lig'aments are two very solid, fibrous 
fasciae, situate before and beneath the symphysis 
pubis, which they strengthen. The one is called 
the anterior pubic ligament ; the other the infe- 
rior or subpubic. 
Pubic Region, Re'gio Pubis. The region of 
the pubes. 
PUBIEN, Pubic. 
PUB IO-COCCYG TEN-ANNUL AIRE, 
Pubio-coccyge'us annula'ris. Dumas gave this 
name to the levator ani and ischio-coccygeus, 
which he considers a single muscle. 
P UBTO-COCCYGTEN-ANNULAIRE, Leva- 
tor Ani-p. Flmoral, Pectinalis-p. Femoralis, 
Adductor longus femoris-p. Ombilical, Pyra- 
midalis abdominis - p. Prostaticus, Compressor 
prostatae-p. Sous-ombilical, Pyramidalis abdo- 
minis-p. Sternal, Rectus abdominis - p. Ure- 
thral, see Compressor Urethrae. 
PUBIS, OS, Episei'on, Episi'on, Epis'chion, 
Share Bone, Bar-bone, Os Pec'tinis. The ante- 
rior part of the os innominatum; so called be- 
cause it corresponds to the genital organs and 
pubic region. The angle of the pubis is formed 
by the union of the body and rami of each side. 
PUB'LICjE PARTES. Those organs are so 
called, the object of whose functions is the nutri- 
tion of all the others. Such are the digestive 
and respiratory organs. 
PUCCOON, Sanguinaria Canadensis-p. Red, 
Sanguinaria Canadensis - p. Yellow, Hydrastis 
Canadensis. 
PUCE, Pulex irritans-p. Maligne, see An- 
thrax- p. Penetrantc, Chique. 
PUCE LAGE. Virginity. 
PUCELLE, Virgin. 
PUDDING-GRASS, Mentha pulegium. 
PUDENDA, Genital organs. 
Pudenda Virorum, Pudibilia. 
PUDEND'AGRA. A hybrid word ; from pu- 
denda. (pudere, 'to be ashamed,') 'the genital 
organs,' and the Greek aypa, 'a seizure.' Accord- 
ing to some, this term means pain in the genital 
parts : Dolor pudenda'rum, Men'tulagra, sEdceo- 
dyn'ia.; according to others, it is synonymous 
with syphilis. 
Pudendagra Pruriens, Prurigo pudendi mu- 
liebris. 
PUDEN'DAL HER'NIA. Hernia, which de- 
scends between the vagina and ramus ischii, and 
forms an oblong tumour in the labium; traceable 
in the pelvis, as far as the os uteri. 
PUDENDALIS LONGUS INFERIOR, see 
Sciatic nerve, lesser. 
PUDENDUM, FEMALE, Vulva-p. Muliebre, 
Vulva. 
PUDENDUS, Pudic. 
PUDIBIL'IA; from pudere, 'to be ashamed. PUDIC 
The male genital organs; Genita'liaViri,Viril' ia, 
Pensil'ia, Instrumen'ta, Puden'da viro'rum, Pon- 
d.US. 
PUDIC, Pudi'cus, Puden'dus, (F.) Honteux. 
Same etymon. That which causes shame. A 
name given to the genital organs as well as to 
different other parts. 
Pudic Arteries are distributed to the organs 
of generation. They are,-1. The internal I'udic, 
Arteria Pudi'ca, A. puden'da commu'nis, (F.) 
Artire honteuse interne, A. Sous-pubienne (Ch.), 
Gen'ital Ar'tery. It is furnished by the hypo- 
gastric, and divides into two branches; the one 
- the inferior or perineal - which gives off the 
inferior hemorrhoidal and the artery of the sep- 
tum; and the other-the superior, (F.) Ischiope- 
nienne - which furnishes the transverse perineal 
artery, and divides into two branches ; the artery 
of the corpus cacernosum, and the dorsalis penis, 
This latter, in the female, has the name IJorsa'lis 
Clitor'idis. 2. The external Pudic Arteries, (F.) 
Arteres scrotales ou vulvaires (Ch.), A. honteuses 
externes, which are two in number. The one is 
superficial or subcutaneous, and the other deep- 
seated, or subaponeurotic. They are given off 
from the femoral artery, or some one of its 
branches; and are distributed to the external 
parts of generation. 
Pudic Nerve, (F.) Nerf honteux, Nerf ischio- 
pinien ou Ischio-clitorien (Ch.), is a branch fur- 
nished by the sacral plexus, which is distributed 
to the genital organs; and especially, to the penis 
in man, and the clitoris in the female. 
PU'ERILE, Pueri'lis, from puer, 'a child,' 
(F.) Respiration puerile, R. exageree, R. supple- 
tnentaire, R. hypervgsiculaire. A term applied 
to the respiration when it is heard loud through 
the stethoscope, as in healthy children. 
PUERILLTzkS, Dementia of the aged. 
PUERITIA, see Age. 
PUER'PERA, from puer, 'a child,' andparere, 
' to bring forth.' Tokos, Lochos, Enix'a, Lecho, 
a lying-in woman, (F.) Femme en Couche, Ac- 
couckee. A female in child-bed. One recently 
delivered. 
PUER'PERAL, Puerpera'lis ; from puerpera. 
Relating to parturition and its consequences. 
Puerperal Convulsions, Eclampsia gravida- 
rum et parturientium. 
Puer'peral Fever. Any fever occurring 
during the puerperal state-Eebris puerpera'rum, 
Lechop'yra, Lochiocoelii'tis, Lochiop'yra, Child- 
bed fever. Most commonly restricted to a ma- 
lignant variety of peritonitis. 
PUERPERIUM, Child-bed state. 
PUERPEROUS, Parturient. 
PUFF, VEILED, see Cavernous respiration. 
PUFF-BALL, Lycoperdon, Leontodon taraxa- 
cum. 
PUF'FINESS, from (D.) p offen,'to blow:' 
Infia'tio, Sujfia'tio; Tumefac'tio mollis, (F.) Bouf- 
fissure, Boursoufiure. A soft intumescence, with- 
out redness, which may be partial or general, and 
be produced by accumulation of serous fluid, ex- 
travasation of blood, effusion of air into the sub- 
cutaneous areolar tissue, <tc. Puffiness is most 
frequently seen in the face and legs; and some- 
times appears around a wound. 
PUGIL'LUS, Drax, Dra'chion, from pugnus, 
'the fist.' Dragma, Dragmis, (F.) Pincee. The 
quantity of any substance, which may be taken 
with the end of two or three fingers. The eighth 
part of a handful. 
PUISSANCE DU MOULE INTERIEUR, 
Plastic force. 
PUKE, Emetic. 
PUKEWEED, Lobelia inflata. 
PUKING, Vomiting, Regurgitation. 
725 
PULMONARIA 
PULEGIUM, Mentha pulegium-p. Cervinum, 
Mentha cervina. 
PULEX IRRI'TANS. The common flea, (F.) 
Puce. A parasitic insect found on the bodies of 
man and animals. 
Pulex Penetrans, Chique. 
PULICARIA LYSENTERICA, Inula dysen- 
terica. 
PULICA'RIS, Pulicula'ris, from pulex, 'a 
gnat.' An epithet given to cutaneous eruptions 
resembling gnat-bites; - and, also, to diseases in 
which such eruptions occur. 
Pulicaris Herba, Plantago psyllium. 
PULLNA, MINERAL WATERS OF. These 
Bohemian springs contain sulphates of soda and 
magnesia, and chloride of magnesium. 
PULMO, Pulmo'nes, by transposition of the 
letter I from pleumon, nXevywv; Pneumon, Pleu- 
mon, Spiramen' turn an'imcB, Ergaste'rion spir'itus, 
Flabell'um et ventila'brum cordis, the Lung. The 
essential organ of respiration, which is double, 
and occupies the two sides of the chest. The 
lungs, which are of a spongy, soft, flexible, com- 
pressible, and dilatable structure, fill exactly the 
two cavities of the thorax, and are separated from 
each other by the mediastinum and the heart. 
The right lung, which is shorter and broader 
than the left, is divided, by two oblique fissures, 
into three unequal lobes, Lobi seu Alee pulmo'num. 
The left has only two lobes, and consequently 
only one fissure. At the internal surface of those 
organs, which is slightly* concave, there is, about 
the middle, a pedicle, formed by the bronchia and 
pulmonary vessels, and called, by anatomists, the 
root of the lungs, (F.) Racine des Pouinons. Es- 
sentially, the lungs are composed of prolongations 
and ramifications of the bronchia, and of the pul- 
monary arteries and veins,-the divisions of which 
are supported by a fine, areolar tissue. 
When the surface of the lungs is examined in a 
clear light, we may see, even through the pleura, 
that their parenchyma is formed by the aggrega- 
tion of a multitude of small vesicles, of an irregu- 
larly spheroid or ovoid shape, full of air, and 
separated by white and opake septa. These ve- 
sicles are called Air-cells, Spiramen'ta seu Spi- 
ram'ina seu Cell'ula Pulmo'num. Along the par- 
titions or septa is deposited, in greater or less 
quantity, black pulmonary matter, (F.) Ma- 
ture pulmonaire noire, as it has been called, 
which seems to be natural. Sometimes it is seen 
in points ; at others, in spots. The colour of the 
lungs varies according to age and other circum- 
stances. In youth, it is more red; and after- 
wards, grayish or bluish; often, as if marbled. 
The pleura pulmonalis is their investing mem- 
brane. The air is carried to the lungs by means 
of the trachea and bronchia. The black venous 
blood, which requires oxygenation, is conveyed to 
them from the heart, by the pulmonary artery; 
and when it has undergone this change, it is 
returned to the heart by the pulmonary veins. 
The blood-vessels inservient to the nutrition of 
the lungs are the bronchial arteries and veins. 
The pulmonary lymphatics are very numerous. 
Some are superficial; others, deep-seated. They 
pass, for the most part, into the bronchial gan- 
glions or glands. The nerves are furnished by 
the pulmonary plexus. 
PULMONAIRE EES FRANC!AIS, Hiera- 
cium murorum. 
PULMONA'RIA, P. ojficina'lis, P. Macu'lata, 
P. Maculo'sa, Lungwort, Spotted Lungwort, Jeru- 
salem Cowslip, Jerusalem Sage, Spotted Comfrey, 
(F.) Sauge de Jerusalem. Family, Boragineie. 
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The leaves 
of this plant have been used as demulcents and 
pectorals; partly from their resemblance to lungs, PULMONARY 
and, partly, because they have a slightly mu- 
cilaginous taste. The plant is not worthy of no- 
tice. 
Pulmonaria, Pneumonia-p. Arborea, Lichen 
pulmonarius - p. Gallica, Hieracium murorum- 
p. Officinalis, Pulmonaria. 
PUL'MONARY, Pulmona'ris, Pulmona'lia. 
That which relates or belongs to the lungs. A 
name given to various parts. 
Pulmonary Artery, Arte'ria pulmona'rig, 
Vena arterio'sa, arises from the upper and left 
part of the right ventricle of the heart; whence 
it passes obliquely upwards and to the left side; 
dividing into two trunks, opposite the second 
dorsal vertebra - one passing to each lung. At 
its origin, it is furnished with three sigmoid or 
semilunar valves. It carries the blood to the 
lungs for aeration. 
Pulmonary Matter, Black, see Pulmo. 
Pulmonary Plexus, Plexus pulmona'rig. A 
considerable nervous network, situate behind the 
bronchia, which is formed by the filaments of the 
pneumogastric nerve or par vagum, and by other 
filaments from the inferior cervical ganglion and 
the first thoracic ganglia. This plexus forms a 
kind of areolar web, with numerous meshes of 
different sizes, in which vessels are lodged, sur- 
rounded by much areolar tissue. This plexus 
sends filaments to the bronchia, which they ac- 
company to their extremities. 
Pulmonary Veins, Vena pulmona'ret, Arte'- 
ria veno'sa. These arise in the lungs from the 
final terminations of the arteries of the same 
name; collect in ramusculi and rami of greater 
and greater size, and ultimately unite in four 
trunks; two of which issue from each lung to 
open into the left auricle of the heart. The pul- 
monary veins have the same structure as the 
other veins of the body; from which they differ, 
in containing arterial blood, as the pulmonary 
artery differs from the others in conveying venous 
blood. They carry the blood back to the heart 
after aeration. 
PULMONES TARTARIZATI, Lithiasis pul- 
monum. 
PULMONIA, Phthisis pulmonalis, Pneumonia. 
PULMON'IC, Pulmon'icus, Pneumon'icua, Pul- 
mona'rius, Pneumon'ie. One affected with phthisis 
-one labouring under diseases of the lungs. Any 
thing relating or belonging to the lungs. A me- 
dicine for the lungs. 
726 
PULSE 
PULP, Pulpa, Pulpa'men, Sarx. The soft and 
parenchymatous parts of vegetables reduced to a 
paste by the operation of pulping. 
Pulp of the Tooth, Dental pulp. 
PULPA CASSIyE, see Cassia fistula-p. Den- 
tis, Dental pulp-p. Pruni, see Pruni pulpa-p. 
Prunorum sylvestrium condita, Conserva pruni 
sylvestris- p. Tamarindi, see Tamarindi pulpa. 
Pulpa Testis, Paren'chyma testis. The pa- 
renchyma of the testis. 
PULPAMEN, Pulp. 
PUL PE DEN TAI RE, Dental pulp. 
PULPEZIA, Apoplexy. 
PULPING, Pulpa'tion, Pulpa'tio. An opera- 
tion - the object of which is to reduce certain 
vegetable substances to a pulp. For this pur- 
pose, they are bruised in a mortar, and then 
passed through a hair sieve, by the aid of a 
wooden spatula, called a Pulper, (F.) Pulpoire. 
PULPOIRE, see Pulping. 
PULQUE, see Agave Americana. 
PULS EX OVIS et LACTE, Oogala. 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS, Anemone pra- 
tensis-p. Pratensis, Anemone pratensis-p. Vul- 
garis, Anemone pulsatilla. 
PLLSATILLE NOIRE, Anemone pratensis 
-p. des Pres, Anemone pratensis. 
PULSATIO, Pulsation-p. Cordis, Palpitation. 
PULSA'TION, Pulsa'tio, Sphygmos, Sphyxis, 
Pede'sis, Pedeth'mos, (F.) Batteiuent. The beat- 
ing of the heart anti arteries. Also, the beating 
felt in an inflamed part. 
PULSATIVUS, Throbbing. 
PULSATORY, Throbbing. 
PULSE, from pulso, 'I beat;' Pulsus, Pulsa'- 
tio, Pulsus cordis et arteria'rum, Ictus cordis et 
arteria'rum, Incur'sus arteria'rum, Sphygmos, 
Sphygma, Diasphyx'is, (F.) Pools. Beating of 
the arteries, produced by the afflux of the blood 
propelled by the heart in its contractions. For 
the sake of convenience, we choose the radial 
artery at the wrist to detect the precise character 
of the pulse. These characters relate to the 
number of pulsations in a given time; to their 
degrees of quickness ; hardness and strength ; to 
the equality or inequality either of the pulsations 
themselves or of their intervals ; to the develop- 
ment or fulness of the artery, and to the different 
impressions it may produce on the finger. 
The following estimates have been made of the 
pulse at various ages : 
Ages. 
Number of Beats per minute, according to 
In the embryo 
Heberden. 
SOMMERINO. 
MBller. 
150 
Do. 
115 to 130 
100 to 115 
90 to 100 
85 to 90 
80 to 85 
70 to 75 
50 to 65 
At birth 
130 to 140 
120 
120 to 108 
108 to 90 
90 to 80 
72 
70 
One month 
120 
110 
90 
One year 
Two years 
Three years 
Seven years 
Twelve years 
80 
70 
60 
Puberty 
Adult age 
Old age 
It does not appear that the pulse of the aged 
is less frequent, but the contrary. In general it 
is more frequent in females and in irritable per- 
sons, than in males and those of an opposite tem- 
perament. In the healthy state, the pulse, be- 
sides having the proper number of pulsations, is 
neither hard nor unusually soft; it is moderately 
developed; of a medium strength ; and perfectly 
equal, both as regards the pulsations and their 
intervals In diseases it wanders, more or less, 
from these physiological conditions. The diffe- 
rent characters of the pulse that have been re- 
corded, are remarkably numerous. In a diction- 
ary, it is necessary to detail them, although many 
of them are not now regarded, and some are ri- 
diculous. 
Pulse, Ardent, Pulsus ardent, (F.) Poult ar- 
dent, Poult eleve. One which seems to raise itself 
to a point in order to strike the finger. 
Pulse, Cap'rizant, Pulsus Capri'zans, P. iar- PULSE 
eadis'sans, P. gazell'ans, P. fusa'lis, Goatleap 
pulse, (F.) Pouls caprisant. One which seems to 
leap, as it were; an imperfect dilatation of the 
artery being succeeded by a fuller and a stronger 
one. 
Pulse, Complex, (F.) Poids combine ou com- 
post, P. compliqut. A pulse which has the cha- 
racter of several critical pulses united. 
Pulse, Contract'ed, (F.) Pouls serrt, P. con- 
centrt. One whose pulsations are narrow, deep, 
and slightly hard. 
Pulse, Convul'sive, Pulsus convulsi'vns, (F.) 
Pouls convulsif. That which is unequally fre- 
quent or unequally hard ; in short, which resem- 
bles the irregular pulsations of a muscular fibre 
in a state of convulsion. 
Pulse, Crit'ical, Pulsus crit'icus. A pulse 
which, after having possessed the characters of 
irritation, becomes free, open, soft, &c. 
Pulse, Decurtate, Pulsus myurus: see, also, 
Myurus. 
Pulse, Deep, Pulsus profun'dus, (F.) Pouls 
profond. One which cannot be felt without diffi- 
culty, and without strong pressure by the finger. 
Pulse, Defic"ient, Pulsus defic"iens, P. Flick- 
ering, Pulsus an'nuens et circum'nuens, (F.) Poids 
defaillant, P. insensible. One which seems, every 
instant, about to cease. 
Pulse, Depressed, Pulsus depressus, (F.) 
Pouls deprimt. That which is deep and weak. 
Pulse, Devel'oped, (F.) Pouls dtveloppt. 
That which is broad, full, strong, and frequent. 
Pulse, Dicrot'ic, Pulsus Di'crotus, P. bi'cro- 
tus, P. intestina'lis, P. bife'riens, P. mallea' ris, 
P. interci'sus, (F.) P. dicrote, P. rebondissant, P. 
redouble. That in which the finger is struck 
twice at each pulsation; once lightly, the other 
time more strongly. 
Pulse, Equal, Pulsus cequa'lis. That in 
which the pulsations resemble each other, and 
return at equal intervals. 
Pulse, Febrile, Pulsus febri'lis. One very 
frequent. 
Pulse, Feeble, Weak, Pulsus deb'ilis, (F.) 
Pouls faible. One which strikes the finger feebly. 
Pulse, Fil'iform, P. thready. One which re- 
sembles a thread slightly vibrating. 
Pulse, Flickering, Pulse, deficient. 
Pulse, Form'icant, Pulsus formi'cans, (F.) 
Pouls formicant. One which resembles, by being 
small and scarcely perceptible, the motion of an 
ant. 
Pulse, Frequent, (F.) P. agitt, P. prtcipitt. 
One which strikes more frequently than usual in 
a given time. 
Pulse, Full, Pulsus plenus, (F.) Pouls plein. 
One which gives the notion of great repletion in 
the vessel. 
Pulse, Goat-leap, P. Caprizant. 
Pulse, Gut'tural, Pulsus guttura'lis, (F.) 
Pouls guttural. A pulse which has been sup- 
posed to indicate the termination of affections 
of the throat. 
Pulse, Hard, Pulsus durus, (F.) Pouls dur. 
That in which the pulp of the finger seems to 
yield to the pulsation. 
Pulse, Hectic, Pulsus hec'ticus. The weak, 
frequent pulse observed in hectic fever. 
Pulse, Hemorrhoid'al, (F.) Pouls des Ht- 
morrhdides. A critical pulse, announcing the 
appearance of the hemorrhoidal flux. It is de- 
scribed as unequal; - the pulsations not being 
alike in force, and still less the intervals. 
Pulse, IIepat'ic, (F.) Pouls du Foie. A pulse 
imagined to indicate affections of the liver. It is 
not worthy of description. 
Pulse, Inferior, (F.) Pouls inflrieur, P. ab- 
dominal, P. ventral. One supposed to announce 
evacuations below the diaphragm. 
727 
PULSE 
Pulse, Tntercur'rent, Pulsus tntercur'rent 
sell inter'cidens. One in which a superfluous 
pulsation seems to occur from time to time. 
Pulse, Intermittent, (F.) Pouls intercadent. 
One in which the pulsations fail from time to 
time. 
Pulse, Intes'tinal, (F.) Pouls det intesting, 
P. de la diarrhee. A critical pulse, presumed to 
announce an evacuation by the intestines. 
Pulse, In'tricate, Pulsus intrica'tus, (F.) 
Pouls embarrassge. That which is but little de- 
veloped and unequally slow. 
Pulse, Irreg'ular, Pulsus anorma'lis. Ono 
whose pulsations are unequal, and return at un- 
equal intervals. 
Pulse of Irrita'tion, Pulsus ab irritatio'ne 
seu nervi'nus seu acrit'icus. One which is fre- 
quent, hard, and contracted. 
Pulse, Jarring, P. vibrating - p. Jerking, 
Pulse, sharp. 
Pulse, Languid, (F.) Pouls languissant. A 
slow and feeble pulse. 
Pulse, Large, Pulsus crassus, P. magnus, (F.) 
Pouls grand, P. large. That which is large and 
full. 
Pulse, Long. One which strikes the finger to 
a great extent in length. 
Pulse, Low, Pulsus hu'milis, (F.) Pouls bas. 
One in which the pulsations are scarcely percep- 
tible. 
Pulse, Nasal, (F.) Pouls nasal, P. capital, 
P. du Nez. One supposed to announce the end 
of an irritation in the nasal fossae. 
Pulse, Nat'ural, (F.) Pouls naturel des 
adultes, P. parfait, P. des adultes, P. modert. 
One that is equal and regular in strength and 
frequency ; compressible, and devoid of hardness. 
Pulse, Organic, (F.j Pouls organique. One 
which indicates the affected organ, or the organ 
by which an evacuation will take place. 
Pulse, Pec'toral, (F.) Pouls de I'expectora- 
tion. A critical pulse, announcing the termina- 
tion of some pulmonary irritation. 
Pulse, Quick. One which strikes sharply, 
but not forcibly, against the finger. 
Pulse, Reg'ular, Pulsus norma'lis aut regu- 
la'ris. One whose pulsations are equal, and suc- 
ceed each other at equal intervals. 
Pulse, Resisting, (F.) Pouls resistant. One 
a little tense, a little hard. 
Pulse, Sharp, (F.) Pouls prompt, P. cite, P. 
vif. One which strikes the finger sharply, ra- 
pidly. When to a greater extent, it is called a 
jerking pulse. 
Pulse, Sharp-tailed, Pulsus myurus: see 
Myurus. 
Pulse, Simple, Pulsus simplex. A critical 
pulse, indicating an evacuation by one organ 
only. 
Pulse, Slow, Pulsus tardus, P. rarus, (F.) 
Pouls lent, P. tardif, P. rare. One which strikes 
the finger slowly. 
Pulse, Small, Pulsus parvus, (F.) Pouls petit. 
One whose pulsations are slender and weak. 
Pulse, Soft, Pulsus mollis, (F.) Pouls mou. 
One which yields under the finger. 
Pulse, Stom'achal, (F.) Poii/s stoma cal, P. 
de I'estomac. One supposed to announce an eva- 
cuation by the stomach. 
Pulse, Strong, Pulsus fortis, (F.) Pouls fort, 
P. vehement. One which strikes the finger 
strongly. 
Pulse, Supe'rior, Pulsus Superior. (F.) Pouls 
superieur. A critical pulse, supervening on irri- 
tation of organs situate above the diaphragm. 
Pulse, Supple, Pulsus elas'ticus, (Y.) Poult 
souple. One in which the pulsations have strength 
without hardness. 
Pulse of Sweat, Pulsus Sudora'lis, (F.) Poult PULSELESS 
Sudoral, P. de la sueur. A critical pulse, indi- 
cating an approaching perspiration. 
Pulse, Tense, P. Cordy, Pulsus tensus, (F.) 
Pouls tendu, P. roide. One in which the artery 
resembles a cord fixed at its two extremities. 
When resembling a wire, it is called wiry. 
Pulse, Thready, P. filiform. 
Pulse, Trem'ulous, Pulsus trem'ulus, (F.) 
Pouls tremhlant, P. palpitant. One in which 
each pulsation oscillates. 
Pulse, Un'dulating, Pulsus fluctuo'sus, P. 
fluens, P. in'cidens Sola'ni, (F.) Pouls ondulant, 
P. ondoyant. One which resembles, in its move- 
ments, those of the waves. 
Pulse, Une'qual, Pulsus incequa'lis, (F.) 
Pouls inegal. One whose pulsations are not 
alike, or return at unequal intervals. 
Pulse, U'rinal, Pulsus urina'lis, (F.) Pouls 
de V Urine. A critical pulse, fancied to denote 
an approaching evacuation of urine. 
Pulse, U'terine, Pulsus uteri'nus, (F.) Pouls 
Uttrine, P. de la Matrice, P. des Regies. One 
which indicates the flow of the menses, or the 
occurrence of metrorrhagia. 
Pulse, Venous, Pulsus vena.rum. 
Pulse, Vermic'ular. That which imitates 
the movement of a worm. 
Pulse, Vi'brating, Jarring Pulse. One in 
which the artery seems to vibrate like a musical 
string. 
Pulse, Wiry, see Pulse, tense. 
PULSELESS, Asphyc'tos, Devoid of pulsation. 
PULSELESSNESS, Asphyxia. 
PULSIF'IC, Pulsif'icus; from pulsus, 'pulse.' 
That which causes or excites pulsation. 
PULSILE'GIUM, Pulsilo'gium, Pulsim'eter, 
from pulsus, 'the pulse,' and lego, 'I tell.' 
Sphygmom'eter, Sphygmoscop'ium. Any instru- 
ment for measuring the quickness or force of the 
pulse. 
PULSIMANTI'A; from pulsus and yavrua, 
' divination.' The art of predicting or prognosti- 
cating by the pulse. 
PULSIMETER, Pulsilegium. 
PULSUS, Pulse-p. Acriticus, Pulse of irrita- 
tion - p. JEqualis, Pulse, equal - p. Annuens et 
circumnuens, Pulse, deficient - p. Anormalis, 
Pulse, irregular-p. Bicrotus, Pulse, dierotic-p. 
Biferiens, P. dicrotus - p. Caprizans, Pulse, ca- 
prizant - p. Crassus, Pulse, large - p. Debilis, 
Pulse, feeble - p. Deficiens, Pulse, deficient-p. 
Dicrotus, Pulse, dicrotic-p. Dorcadissans, Pulse, 
caprizant-p. Durus, Pulse, hard - p. Elasticus, 
Pulse, supple-p. Fluctuosus, Pulse, undulating- 
p. Fluens, Pulse, undulating-p. Formicans, For- 
micant, and Pulse, formicant - p. Fortis, Pulse, 
strong - p. Fusalis, Pulse, caprizant - p. Gazel- 
lans, Pulse, caprizant - p. Heterochronicus, see 
Heterochronicus-p. Humilis, Pulse, Low-p. In- 
cidens Solani, Pulse, undulating-p. Intercidens, 
Pulse, intercurrent-p. Mallearis, Pulse, dicrotic 
-p. Intercisus, Pulse, dierotic-p. Intercurrens, 
Pulse, intercurrent-p. Intestinalis, Pulse, dicro- 
tic- p. Intricatus, Pulse, intricate - p. Magnus, 
Pulse, large-p. Mollis, Pulse, soft. 
Pulsus Myu'rus, Pulse, decurtate; P. sharp- 
tailed, (F.) Pouls my tire. One which goes on 
diminishing. See Myurus. 
Pulsus Nervtnus, Pulse of irritation-p. Nor- 
malis, Pulse, regular-p. Parvus, Pulse, small- 
p. Plenus, Pulse, full-p. Rarus, Pulse, slow. 
Pul'sus Serri'nus, (F.) Pouls serrin, P. ser- 
ratile. One which strikes, sometimes strongly, 
at others feebly, and recalls the idea of a saw. 
Pulsus Striatus, (F.) Pouls itroit. One that 
strikes the finger to.a small extent in breadth. 
Pulsus Sudoralis, Pulse of sweat-p. Tardus, 
728 
PULVIS 
Pulse, slow-p. Urinalis, Pulse, urinal-p. Utc- 
rinus, Pulse, uterine. 
Pulsus Vac'uus, (F.) Pouls vide. One which 
gives the idea of emptiness of the artery. 
Pulsus Vena'rum, Venous Pulse, Phlebopa'lia. 
A pulsation occasionally noticed in the jugular 
veins. It is owing to some of the blood of the 
right ventricle reflowing into the right auricle, 
and communicating an impulse to the venous 
blood arriving in the auricle through the descend- 
ing cava. It is often a sign of impediment to the 
flow of blood along the pulmonary artery. 
PULTATIO, Atheroma. 
PULTICE, Cataplasm. 
PULTICULA, Bouillie. 
PULVERES EFFERVESCENTES, Powders, 
soda. 
PULVERI'ZABLE, Pul'verable. Capable of 
being reduced to powder. 
PULVERIZA'TION, Pulverisa'tio, Pulvera'- 
tio, (F.) Pulverisation, from pulvis, 'dust;' Coni- 
osto'sis. The operation of dividing substances, 
so as to reduce them to powder. 
Most drugs are reduced to powder by persons 
who make it a special business, and who are 
called drug-grinders. This is done on a large 
scale in drug mills; and the implements used are 
the grinding mill and the stamping mill. In the 
shop of the apothecary, pulverization is effected 
by the pestle and mortar, and the sieve. 
Where substances require the addition of other 
bodies to facilitate their reduction to powder,- 
as where camphor needs a few drops of alcohol- 
the process is called pulverization by mediation. 
PULVILLUS, Pad, Bourdonnet- p. e Lina- 
mentis confectus, Bourdonnet- p. Rotundus, 
Bourdonnet. 
PULVI'NAR, Pulvina'rium. A pillow. 
Pulvinar Humuli, see Humulus lupulus. 
Pulvinar Medica'tum seu Medicina'le, Sac'- 
culus medicina'lis. A medicated pillow; as of 
hops. 
Pulvinar Parvum, Pad-p. Ventriculi, Pan- 
creas. 
PULVINULUS, Pad. 
PULVIS, Corn's. (F.) Poudre. A substance, 
reduced into small particles by pulverization. 
Simple powders are those of a single substance; 
compound, those which result from a mixture of 
several different powders. An impalpable powder 
is one which is so fine that it can scarcely be felt 
under the finger. A compound powder was, 
formerly, called Spe'cies, (F.) Espice. 
Pulvis Absorbens, P. de magnesia compos.- 
p. Adspersorius, Catapasma-p. Alexiterius, P. 
contrayervae comp. - p. Alexiterius, P. ipecacu- 
anhae compositus-p. Algarothi, Algaroth. 
Pulvis Aloes Compos'itus, Compound powder 
of Aloes, Pulvis Aloes cum Guai'aco, P. aloet'icus 
cum Guaiaco. (Aloes spicat. ext. guaiac, 
gum. res. 5j, pulv. cinnam. comp. Rub the 
aloes and guaiacum separately, then mix the 
whole. Ph. L.) Cathartic, stomachic, and sudo- 
rific. Dose, gr. x to 
Pulvis Aloes cum Canel'la, Pulvis aloes et 
canella, (Ph. U. S.,) Powder of Aloes with Canella, 
Species Hi'erce picra, Hiera picra, Pulvis Aloet'. 
icus. (Aloes ibj. canell. giij. Rub separately 
into a powder, and mix. Ph. U. S.) A warm 
cathartic. Dose, gr. x. to Qj. 
Pulvis Aloes cum Guaiaco, P. A. composi- 
tus-p. Aloeticus, P. aloes cum canella-p. Alo- 
eticus, Hiera picra-p. Aluminosus, P. sulphatis 
aluminae compositus-p. Aluminis compositus, P. 
sulphatis aluminae compositus-p. Aluminis kino- 
satus, see P. sulphatis aluminas compositus. 
Pulvis de Ama'ris Compos'itus, Pulvis anti- 
arthrit'icus ama'rus, (F.) Poudre antiarthritique PULVIS 
- 
amtre. (Had. gentian., aristoloch. rotund., aa p. 
3, fior. centaur, min. p. 4, fol. chamadr., chama- 
pith. manipul.-f. pulvis, Ph. P.) In gouty af- 
fections, dyspepsia, Ac. Dose, gr. xx. 
Pulvis Angelicus, Algaroth- p. Anodynus, 
P. ipecacuanhsB comp. - p. Antiacidus, P. cretae 
eompositus - p. Antiacidus, P. de magnesia 
tempos. - p. Antiarthriticus amarus, P. de ama- 
ris compositus-p. Antiarthriticus purgans, P. de 
tennS., scammonea et lignis-p. Antiasthmaticus, 
P. de sulphure et scilla. 
Pulvis Antilys'sus, Mead's Powder against 
the bite of a mad dog. It consisted of ash-coloured 
Pverwort in powder, with an equal quantity of 
black pepper; a drachm and a half of the two 
forming a dose for an adult. 
Pulvis Antimonialis, Antimonial powder. 
Pulvis de Ano Compos'itus, Compound Pow- 
der of Arum, (F.) Poudre de Birckmann, (Rad. 
art, acori veri, pimpinell. saxifrag. aa 40 p. ocul. 
cancror. ppt. 12 p., cinnam. 7 p., potassa sulph. 
6 p., ammonia rnuriat. 2 p. - f. pulv. Ph. P.) 
Sternutatory. 
Pulvis Aromaticus, P. cinnamomi compositus. 
Pulvis As'ari Compos'itus, P. sternutato'- 
rius, P. errhi'nus, P. capita'lis Sancti An'geli, P. 
cephal'icus, Cephalic snuff; Compound powder of 
Asarabac'ca, (F.) Poudre d'asarum composes dite 
sternutatoire, P. de Saint-Ange. (Folior. asar. 
Europ. p. tres.,/oZ. origan, majorana, flor. lavand. 
spic., sing.p.l. Rub into powder. Ph. L.) Ster- 
nutatory. 
Pulvis Auri, see Gold-p. e. Bolo compositus 
cum opio, P. cretae compositus cum opio - p. e. 
Bolo compositus sine opio, see P. cretae composi- 
tus-p. Cambogiae compositus, P. e. gummi gutta 
-p. Capitalis Sancti Angeli, Pulvis asari compo- 
situs-p. Carbonatis calcis compositus, P. cretae 
compositus-p. Cardiacus, P. contrayervao comp. 
-p. Carthusianorum, Antimonii sulphuretum ru- 
brum-p. Catharticus, P. scammoneae comp.-p. 
Cephalicus, P. asari compositus. 
Pulvis Cinnamo'mi Compos'itus, Compound 
Powder of Cin'namon, Pulvis seu Spe'cies Impe- 
rato'ris, P. vita Imperato'ris, P. Biaro'maton, 
Species diacinnamo'mi, S. latifican'tes Rhazis, 
7 ra'gea aromat'ica, Species Diam'bra sine odo- 
ra'tis, Species aromat'ica, Pulvis aromaticus (Ph. 
U. S.), Aromatic powder, (F.) Poudre de canelle 
composts ou aromatique. (Cinnam., zingib. aa 
5ij, cardam., myrist. aa Rub to a fine powder. 
Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and carminative. Dose, 
gr. x to s)j. 
Pulvis Cobbii seu Tunquinen'sis. The fa- 
mous Tonquin powder, introduced into England 
by a Mr. Cobb. It was composed of 16 grains 
of musk, and 48 grains of cinnabar; and was 
mixed in a gill of arrack. It was formerly re- 
garded as a specific in hydrophobia. 
Pulvis Comitis Warwicensis, P. Cornachini 
- p. Coinitissae, Cinchona. 
Pulvis Compos'itus, Lapis 
contrayerva, Contrayerva balls, Compound Powder 
of Contrayer'va, Pulvis cardi'acus, P. alexite'rius, 
P. Mantua'nus. (Contrayerv. rad. contrit. 
test. prap. Ibiss. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant and 
sudorific. Dose, gr. xv to gss. 
Pulvis Cornachi'ni, Diaceltates'son Paracelsi, 
Earl of Warwick's Powder, Pulvis Ox'ydi Stib'ii 
compos'itus, Pulvis Com'itis Warwicen'sis, Pulvis 
de Tribus, Cer'berus Triceps, Pulvis Scammo'nii 
antimoniu'lis,(F.)Poudre Cornachine. (Scammon. 
Alep., potass, supertart., antim. diaph. aa p. ae. f. 
pulvis. Ph. P.) Cathartic. Used chiefly in cu- 
taneous diseases. Dose, to Q. 
Pulvis Cornu Usti Cum O'pio, Pulvis opia'tus, 
Powder of Burnt Hartshorn with opium, (F.) 
Poudre de come brulee avec I'opium. (Opii duri 
729 
PULVIS 
cont. 3,b corn. ust. prop. §j, coccor. cont. %j. 
Mix. Ph. L.) Ten grains contain one of opium. 
Anodyne. 
Pulvis Cretaceus, P. cretaa compositus. 
Pulvis Creta: Compos'itus, P. Carbona'tit 
Calcis compositus, Compound Powder of chalk, P. 
creta'ceus, Spe'cies e Scordio sine opio, Diascor'- 
dium, Pulvis antae"idus, P. terres'tris, Species 
Diacre'tce, (with Bole Armenian in place of chalk 
- the Pulvis e Bolo compositus sine opio,) (F.) 
Poudre de craie composer. (Cretce ppt. Ibss, cin- 
nam. cort. tormentill. rad., acacia gum., sing 
Siij, pip. long, fruct. giv. Reduce separately to 
a fine powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Antacid, sto- 
machic, absorbent. Dose, gr. xx to 7)ij. 
Pulvis Creta: Compos'itus cum O'pio, Com- 
pound Powder of Chalk with opium, Pulvis e 
Creta compositus cum opio (with Bole Armeniac 
instead of chalk-Pulvis e Bolo compositus cum 
opio,) Species e Scordio cum opio, (F.) Poudre de 
craie composee avec I'opium. (Pulv. cret. c. vjss, 
opii duri cont. Mix. Ph. L.) Contains one 
grain of opium in 40. Anodyne and absorbent. 
Dose, to 7)ij. 
Pulvis Diaphoreticus, P. ipecacuanhas comp. 
-p. Diapnoicus, P. ipecacuanha) comp.-p. Dia- 
romaton, P. cinnamomi compositus - p. Diasenae 
P. sennse compos.-p. Diaturpethi compositus, P. 
jalapae compositus. 
Pulvis Ducis Portlan'dia:, Duke of Port- 
land's Gout Powder. (Rad. aristoloch., gentiana, 
summit, chamadr., centaur, min. aa p. ae.) Dose, 
Pulvis Emmenagogus, P. myrrhae compositus 
- p. Epilepticus Marchionum, P. de magnesia 
compositus - p. Errhinus, P. asari compositus - 
p. Galactopoeus, P. de magnesia compos. 
Pulvis e Gummi Gutta, P. Cambo'gia compo- 
situs, P. hydrago'gus, Gamboge Powder, (F.) Pou- 
dre hydragogue ou de gomme gutte, P. de Querce- 
ta'nus. (Rad. jalap. 24 p., rad. mechoacan. 12 
p., cinnam., rhei. aa 8 p., gum. cambog. 3. p., fol. 
soldanella siec. 6 p., semin. anisi 12 p., fiat pulvis. 
Ph. P.) A drastic cathartic. In anasarca and 
in worms. Dose, gr. xv to xxx. 
Pulvis Gummo'sus Alkali'nus, Sapo vegeta'- 
bilis, (F.) Poudre de savon vegetal. (Guaiac, 
pulv. 32. p., potass, carb. 4 p. Make into a 
powder. Ph. P.) Antacid. 
Pulvis ex Helminthocort'o Compos'itus, P. 
vermif'ugus absque mercu'rio, (F.) Poudre vermi- 
fuge sans mercure. (Fuc. helminthocort., sem. 
contra., summitat. absinth., tanaceti, fol. scordii, 
senna, rhei. aa p. ae, fiat pulvis. Ph. P.) Dose, 
to 3j. . 
Pulvis Hydragogus, P. e gummi guttfi-p. 
Hydrargyri cinereus, see Hydrargyri oxydum 
cinereum - p. Hypnoticus, Hydrargyri sulphu- 
retum nigrum - p. Imperatoris, P. cinnamomi 
compositus-p. Incisivus, P. de sulphure et scilla 
-p. Pro infantibus, P. de magnesifi compos.-p. 
Infantum, P. de magnesia compos.-p. Infantum 
antacidus, P. de magnesia compositus. 
Pulvis Ipecacuan'ha: Compos'itus, P. alexi- 
te'rius, P. anod'ynus, P. diaphoret'icus, P. diap- 
no'icus, P. sudorif'tens Dove'ri, Compound powder 
of Ipecacuanha, P. Ipecacuanha ct Opii (Ph. U. 
S.), Dover's Powder, (F.) Poudre de Dover ou 
d'ipecacuanha et d'opium, P. de Dower. (Ipeca. 
euanh. pulv., opii pulv., sing £j, potassee sulphat. 
Mix.) Diaphoretic. Dose, gr. v to gr. xij. 
Pulvis Ipecacuanha: et Opii, P. ipecacuanhas 
compos. 
Pulvis Jat.ap'a: Compos'itus, P. Diaturpe'thi 
compositus, Compound powder of Jalap, Pulvis 
laxans, P. Purgans, P. laxati'vus vegetab'ills, P. 
laxans cum sale, P. Jalap'a: sali'nus, P. j. tartar'- 
icus, Spe'cies Diajalopa, (F.) Poudre de jalap PUL VIS 
compoaie. (Pulv. jalap. Zj, potass, bitart. 5>j- 
Mix.) Cathartic. Dose, yj to 
Pulvis Jalapa: Salinus, P. jalapae composi- 
tus-p. Jalapae tartaricus, P. jalapae compositus 
- p. de Jalapa et scammonio compositus, P. 
scammoneae comp.-p. Jamesii, Antimonial pow- 
der-p. Jesuiticus, Cinchona--p. Joannis de Vigo, 
Hydrargyri nitrico-oxydum. 
Pulvis Kino Compos'itus, Compound Powder 
of kino, (F.) Poudre de kino eompotie. (Kino 
3 xv, cort. cinnam. 3*v> opii duri £j. Rub each 
to powder, and mix. Ph. L.) Astringent. Dose, 
gr. v to xx. 
Pulvis Laxans, P. jalapae compositus - p. 
Laxans cum sale, P. jalapae compositus-p. Lax- 
ativus vegetabilis, P. jalapas compositus. 
Pulvis de Magne'sia Compos'itus, P. Galac- 
topoe'us, P. Nut ri'cum, P. Infan'tum, P. Infantum 
antae" idus, P.pro Infan'tibus, P. antiac"idus, P. 
absor'bens, P. epilep'tiens Marchio' num, Compound 
powder of Magne'sia, (F.) Poudre absorbante et 
anti-acidc. (Magnesia, sacchar. aa p. as. Mix. 
Ph. P.) 
Pulvis Mantuanus, P. contrayervae comp. - 
p. Marchionis, Marchionis Pulvis-p. Mercurialis 
cinereus, Hydrargyri oxidum cinereum - p. ad 
Mucum pulmonalem liberius ciendum, P. de sul- 
phure et scill&. 
Pulvis Myriule Compos'itus, P. e Myrrhd 
compositus, Compound Myrrh Powder, Pulvis ad 
ul'cera tend' inum, P. Emmenago'gus, (F.) Poudre 
Balsamique. (Myrrha, sabince, ruta, castor. Russ. 
aa A stimulant, antispasmodic, and emme- 
nagogue. Dose, gr. xv to xl. 
Pulvis Nutricum, P. de magnesia compositus 
■- p. Opiatus, P. cornu usti cum opio - p. Oxydi 
stibii compositus, P. cornachini - p. Parturiens, 
Ergot - p. de Phosphate calcis et stibii composi- 
tus, Antimonial powder-p. Principis, Hydrargyri 
nitrico-oxydum - p. Purgans, P. jalapae compo- 
situs- p. Quercetanus, Hydrargyri submurias. 
Pulvis Quercus Mari'n.e, Powder of Yellow 
Bladder-Wrack. (The wrack in fruit, dried, 
cleaned, exposed to a red heat in a crucible, with 
a perforated lid, and then reduced to powder. 
Ph. D.) Virtues dependent on iodine: used, con- 
sequently, in bronchocele, <fcc. Dose, gr. x to xl. 
See Fucus vesiculosus. 
Pulvis Scammo'nea: Compos'itus, Compound 
Powder of Scammony, Pulvis e Scammonio com- 
positus, Pulvis Scammonii, Pulvis de Jalapd et 
Scammo'nio compositus dictus Cathar'ticus, (F.) 
Poudre cathartique ou Poudre de Scammonte com- 
poste. (Scammon., ext. jalap, dur., sing., 
zingib.*rad. ?ss. Rub separately to powder and 
mix. Ph. If) Cathartic. Dose, gr. viij to gr. xv. 
Pulvis Scammo'nii cum Aloe, P. e Scammonio 
cum Aloe, Scammony and Aloes Powder. (Scam- 
mon. Zvj, ext. jalap, dur., aloes Socotr. aa 5*ss> 
Cathartic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
Pulvis Scammonii Antimonialis, P. corna- 
chini. 
Pulvis Senna: Compos'itus, Compound powder 
of Senna, Pulvis e Send compositus, P. e Senna 
compositus, Pulvis Diase'na, (F.) Poudre de sene 
composee. (Senna folior., potass, supertart. sing. 
£ij, scammon. rad. zingib. SJij- Ph. L.) Ca- 
thartic, hydragogue. Dose, J}j to £j. 
Pulvis de Senna, Scammo'nio et Lignis Com- 
pos'itus dictus Antiarthrit'icus Purgans, (F.) 
Poudre de rtrard. (Gum Arab., potass, super- 
tart., fol. senna, china, aa 4 p., scammon., rad. 
tarsapar., china, guaiac, lign. aa 2 p., fiat pulvis. 
Ph. P.) Purgative. Used to obviate gout. Dose, 
3j- 
Pulvis Stanni, see Tin-p. Sternutatorius, P. 
asari compositus-p. Stibiatus, Antimonial pow- 
730 
PUNCTIO 
der - p. Styptieus, P. Sulphatis alumina) com- 
positus-p. Sudorificus, P. ipecacuanha) comp.- 
p. Sudorificus Doveri, P. Ipecacuanha) compo- 
situs. 
Pulvis Sulpha'tis Alu'mijce Compos'itus, 
P. alumino'sus, P. alu'minis kinosa'tus, Pulvia 
styp'ticus, Pulvia aluminia compositus, Alu'men 
kinosa'tum, Compound Alum Powder, Poudre 
atyptique ou d'alun composes. (Sulphatis alumi- 
na, p. iv, kino, p. 1. Ph. E.) Astringent. In 
intestinal hemorrhage and diarrhoea. Dose, gr. 
x to xv. 
Pulvis de Sul'phure et ScillX, P. Anti- 
aathmat'icus, P. Inciai'vua, P. ad rnucum pulmo- 
na'lem libe'rius cien'dum, (F.) Poudre incisive ou 
anti-aathmatique. (Sacchar. alb. p. 3, sulphur, 
lot. p. 2, acilla. siccat. p. j. Ph. P.) Dose, gr. 
v to gss. 
Pulvis de Sulpha'te Potas'sa: Compos'itus, 
P. tem'perans Stah'lii, (F.) Poudre tempirante de 
Stahl. (Potass. aidph., P. nitrat. aa 9 p., hydrarg. 
sulph. rubr. 2 p. Mix. Ph. P.) As an anti- 
phlogistic, and in acidity of the first passages. 
Dose, 7)j to gij. 
Pulvis e Sulphure'to Hydrar'gyri Nigro 
et Scammo'nio, dictus Vermif'ugi'8 Mercuria'- 
LIS, (F.) Poudre vermifuge mercurielle. (Pulv. 
cornachin., hydrarg. sulphuret. nigr. recent, praep., 
aap.se. Mix. Ph. P.) Dose, Qj to 
Pulvis Sympatheticus, Sympathetic powder 
-p. Temperans Stahlii, P. de sulphate potassao 
compositus-p. Terrestris, P. cretae compositus. 
Pulvis Tragacan'tha: Compos'itus, Species 
Diatragacan'tha frig"ida, Pulvis e Tragacan'thU 
compositus, Compound Powder of Tragacanth, 
(F.) Poudre de gomme adragant composes. ( Tra- 
gacanth. contus., acacia gummi cont., amyli, sing, 
sacch. purif. Ph. L.) Demulcent. In 
coughs, <tc. Dose, to Ziij. 
Pulvis de Tribus, P. cornaehini-p. Tunqui- 
nensis, P. Cobhii - p. ad Ulcera tendinum, P. 
myrrhoe compositus-p. Vermifugus absque mer- 
curio, Pulvis ex helininthocorto comp.-p. Ver- 
mifugus mercurialis, P. e sulphureto hydrargyri 
nigro et scammonio-p. Vitas Imperatoris, P. cin- 
namomi compositus. 
PUMEX, Lapis pu'micis, Pumice, (F.) Pierre 
Ponce. This was formerly employed as a desic- 
cative and dentifrice. 
PUMICE, Pumex. 
PUMILIO, Nanus. 
PUMILUS, see Nanus. 
PUMP, BREAST, Antlia lactea-p. Stomach, 
Antlia gastrica. 
PUNA, Veta, Sorocco, Soroche, Mareo, (S.) 
A sickness common in the elevated districts of 
South America and elsewhere, which attacks 
those unaccustomed to breathe the rarefied atmo- 
sphere. It strongly resembles sea-sickness, with 
a most acute and depressing throbbing in the 
head. It does not often affect the respiration 
considerably. 
PUNA1SE, Cimex. 
PUNAISIE, Ozsena. 
PUNCH, Uhi'zagra, from pungere, 'to prick.' 
Ae/iu&o'riizm, (F.) ifepouMoir. A surgical instru- 
ment used for extracting the stumps of teeth. 
See Lever. 
Also, an agreeable alcoholic drink, made of 
spirit, wine, sugar, lemon-juice, and water. Milk 
is sometimes substituted in part for the water: it 
then forms Milk Punch. 
PUNCTA OSSIFICATIONIS, Ossification, 
points of. 
PUNCTA? MUCOSAS, see Acne. 
PUNCTICULA, Petechia). 
PUNCTIO, Paracentesis, Puncture-p. Nervi, 
Neuronygme. PUNCTUM 
PUNCTUM, Stitch. 
Punctum Au'reum, Punc'tura aurea. For- 
merly, when an intestinal hernia was reduced by 
an incision made through the integuments down 
to the upper part of the spermatic vessels, a 
golden wire was fixed and twisted, so as to pre- 
vent the descent of any thing down the tunica 
vaginalis. Hence the term. 
Punctum Sa'liens, P. aanguin'eum aa'liens, 
Glob'ulua aanguin'eua, Punctua ruber aa'liena. 
The first moving point which makes its appear- 
ance after the fecundation of the germ. It has 
been generally, but erroneously, applied to the 
heart of the embryo. 
PUNCTURA, Paracentesis - p. Aurea, Punc- 
tum aureum. 
PUNCTURE, Punctu'ra, Punc'tio, Cente'aia, 
Paracente'aia, Nyxia, from pungere, 'to prick;' 
Treaia Punctura, (F.) Piqure. A wound made 
by a pointed instrument, as a sword, bayonet, 
needle, thorn, Ac. A puncture is, generally, of 
trifling consequence; but, sometimes, it becomes 
important from the parts implicated, and the 
after consequences. 
PUNCT'URING. Same etymon. Compunc'- 
tio, Paracente'aia, (F.) Ponction. The operation 
of opening, by means of a trocar, lancet, Ac., any 
natural or accidental cavity, with the view of 
evacuating any fluid, effused or accumulated 
therein. Phracenteaia is a sort of puncturing. 
PUNCTUS RUBER SALIENS, Punctum 
saliens. 
PUNGENT, (F.) Pongitif. Pain is said to be 
pungent, when it seems as if a pointed instrument 
were forced into the suffering part. 
PU'NICA GRANA'TUM. The Pomegranate, 
Rhoa, Rhoea, Grana'tum, Malograna'tum, (F.) 
Grenadier : Family, Myrtoidete. Sex. Syat. Ico- 
sandria Monogynia. The rind of the fruit, called 
Malicho'rium, Malacorium, or Hlalicorium; and 
the flowers-called Balauatine ftoivera-are used 
in medicine. They have been employed both in- 
ternally and externally as astringents. The seeds 
are called Cocco'nea, kokkuvis. The portion, how- 
ever, of the plant, that has attained most cele- 
brity, is the bark of the root, Grana'ti lladi'cia 
Cortex, which appears to be very efficacious in 
teenia. It is given in decoction, (Granat. rad. 
cort. 5ij ; Aqua Oij, boiled to Oiss.) Dose, 
every half hour. Three or four doses are usually 
sufficient to expel the worm. 
The bark contains a peculiar matter called 
Grenadin. 
PUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
PUOGENIA, Pyogenia. 
PUPIL, Pupil'la, Pu'pula, Pupil'io, Via'io, 
Opaia, Core, Cora, Rhox, Fenea'tra seu Nigrum 
seu Fora'men Oc'uli, Prunel'la, Lumen; Gle.ne, 
Sight of the eye, (F.) Pupille, Prunelie. The 
aperture of the iris, through which the rays of 
light pass that have to impress the image of an 
object on the retina. This aperture can be di- 
lated or contracted so as to allow a greater or 
smaller quantity of luminous rays to penetrate. 
The pupil, in man, is round, and by it the ante- 
rior and posterior chambers of the eye commu- 
nicate with each other. In the foetus, during the 
first six months of gestation, it is closed by the 
pupillary membrane. 
Pupil, Closure of the, Synezizis. 
Pupil, Pinhole. A condition of the pupil in 
typhus, in which it is so contracted as to resem- 
ble a pinhole. It indicates a dangerous form of 
brain affection. 
PUPILLJE VELUM, Pupillary membrane. 
PUPILLARIS IIERBA, Lapsana. 
PU'PILLARY, Pupilia'ria. That which be- 
longs to the pupil. 
731 
PURPURA 
Pupillary Membrane, Membrasna Pupilla'- 
ris, Pupil'.le velum, Membra'na Wachendorfa'na. 
The central aperture of the iris is closed, in the 
foetus, during a certain period of gestation, by a 
very thin membrane. It disappears in the seventh 
month. 
PUPPET ROOT, Veratrum viride. 
PUPPIS OS, Frontal bone. 
PUPULA, Pupil. 
PU'PULJE, A'pices digito'rum. The pulps or 
extremities of the fingers. 
PURBLIND, Myopic. 
PURBLINDNESS, Myopia. 
PURGAMENT, Purgative. 
PURGAMENTA, Excrement - p. Alba, Leu.- 
corrhoea-p. Infantis, Meconium - p. Puerperii, 
Lochia-p. Uteri, Lochia. 
PURGANS MEDICAMENTUM, Cathartic. 
PURGATIO, Catharsis - p. Alvi, Catharsis- 
p. Muliebris alba, Leucorrhoea - p. Puerperii, 
Lochia. 
PURGATION, Catharsis. 
PURGATIONES, Menses - p. Menstruae, 
Menses. 
PURGATIONS, Menses. 
PUR'GATIVE, Purgati'vus, Purgans, Noth'- 
licus, Catoret'icus, Catoter'icus, Cathar'tic, Pur'- 
gament, Purge, (F.) Purgatif, from purgare, 'to 
cleanse. A medicine which operates more pow- 
erfully on the bowels than a laxative, stimulating 
the muscular coat, and exciting increased secre- 
tion from the mucous coat. 
PURGE, Purgative-p. Root, Euphorbia co- 
rollata. 
PURGING, Diarrhoea. 
PURIF'ICANS, Purif'icus, from purificare, 
' to make pure or clean.' Purifying : hence :- 
PuaiFicANTiA; Medicines that cleanse or pu- 
rify the blood. 
PURIFICUS, Purificans. 
PU'RIFORM, Puriform'is; from pus, and for- 
ma. Having the appearance of pus. 
PURL. A medicated malt liquor, in which 
wormwood and aromatics are infused. 
PURO-HEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
PURO-MUCOUS, Puro-muco'sus, from pus, 
puris, and mucus. Having the character or ap- 
pearance of pus and mucus. 
PURPLES, Purpura hmmorrhagica. 
PUR'PURA, Por'phyra, 'a purple colour.' 
This word has been employed in many senses. 
It generally means, livid spots on the skin from 
extravasated blood, with languor and loss of 
muscular strength, pains in the limbs. - (/'.) 
Pourpre. 
In Purpura Simplex, Porphyra simplex, Pe- 
techia'. sine febre, Pelio'sis, Phoenig'mus Petechia'- 
lis, Profu'sio subcuta'nea, Pete'chial Scurvy, tho 
spots are numerous, but small and flea-bite- 
shaped ; chiefly on the breast, arms, and legs; 
with paleness of countenance. At times, the af- 
fection is accompanied by severe pains in the ex- 
tremities, constituting Pelio'sis rheumat'iea. 
In Purpura Porphyra he- 
morrhagica, Stomac'ace universalis, Hamorrhagia 
wniversa'lis, Petechiano'sis, Morbus maculo'sus 
hemorrhag"icus Werlhof'ii, Pelio'sis humor- 
rhag"ica, Scorbu'tus, Schorbu'tus, ITamorrhee'a 
peteehia'lis, H&matospil'ia, Land Scurvy, Pur- 
ples, (F.) Scorbut, S. de Terre, Maladie de Werl- 
hof, Himacelinose, Peliose hOnorrhagique- tho 
spots are circular, and of different sizes ; often in 
stripes or patches, irregularly scattered over the 
thighs, arms, and trunk ; with occasional haemor- 
rhage from the mouth, nostrils, or viscera, and 
great debility and depression of spirits. 
In Purpura Nau'tica, Porphyra nautica, 
Scorbu'tus, Pechytyrbe, Gingibra'chium, Gingipe'- PURPURIC 
dium, Scelotyr'be, Stomac'ace, Scorbu'tus nau'ti- 
cus or Sea scurvy, (F.) Scorbut, there are spots of 
different hues, intermixed with the livid, princi- 
pally at the roots of the hair; the teeth are 
loose; the gums are spongy and bleeding; the 
breath is fetid, and the debility universal and ex- 
treme. This occurs chiefly at sea, after exposure 
to a moist, cold, foul atmosphere; with long use 
of one kind of food and of stagnant water. 
All these varieties of purpura resemble each 
other considerably. In the first two, however, 
there seems, at times, to be some excitement, 
which has led to the employment of purgatives, 
and even of bleeding, with advantage. They 
are dependent upon a peculiar diathesis, which 
has been termed Scorbu'tic Cachex'ia, Lues Scor- 
bu'tica, and Cacochym'ia Scorbu'tica. Generally 
speaking, the use of the mineral acids will be in- 
dicated ; and, in sea scurvy, vegetable acids must 
be regarded as the best antiscorbutics. Nitre is, 
also, a good antiscorbutic, and in cases of great 
prostration it may be united with Peruvian bark 
or turpentine. Tamarinds and cream of tartar, 
made into drink, are also serviceable. But the 
great remedy is change from low to cheerful spi- 
rits ; from filth to cleanliness; and from a cold 
and damp, to a temperate and dry climate, with 
change of food, and especially the use of green 
vegetables. 
The general principles of management are the 
same in sea, as in land scurvy. 
Purpura, Scarlatina-p. Alba benigna et ma- 
ligna, Miliary fever-p. Maligna, Petechiee-p. 
Miliaris, Miliary fever-p. Puerperarum, Miliary 
fever-p. Urticata, Urticaria. 
PURPURIC URINE, see Porphyruria. 
PURPURINE, see Porphyruria. 
PURPURISSUM, Hydrargyri sulphuretum 
rubrum. 
PURRING TREMOR, Frimissement cataire. 
PURSE, Scrotum - p. Shepherd's, Thlaspi 
bursa. 
PUR'SINESS, Dyspnce'a pinguedino'sa, (F.) 
Pousse. Dyspnoea accompanied with oppressive 
fatness. The word is, also, applied to dyspnoea 
of every kind. One so affected is said to be pursy 
or short-winded. 
PURSLAIN, Portulaea - p. Milk, Euphorbia 
eorollata - p. Speedwell, Veronica peregrina-p. 
Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
PURSY, see Pursiness. 
PURULENCE, Pus, Suppuration. 
PURULENCY, Pus, Suppuration. 
PU'RULENT, Purulen'tus, Em'pyos, Pyo'des, 
Py'icus. That which has the character of pus or 
consists of pus ; as purulent matter, a purulent 
collection, <fcc. 
Purulent Deposit, Pus. 
PURULENTIA, Suppuration. 
PURVAIN, Verbena officinalis. 
PUS, Humor purulen'tus, Pyon, Pyono'ma, 
Matter, Pu'rulent depos'it, Pu'rulenee, Pu'rulency. 
A secretion from inflamed textures, and especially 
from the areolar membrane. It is, almost always, 
of the same nature, whatever may be the part it 
proceeds from. Pus of a good quality, - laudable 
pus, Pus bonum seu laudab'ile seu nutriti'vum seu 
verutn, (F.) Pus louable,-is of a yellowish-white 
colour, opake, inodorous, and of a creamy ap- 
pearance. Heat, acids, and alcohol coagulate it. 
When analyzed by Schwilguii, it afforded albu- 
men and water, a particular extractive substance, 
and a small quantity of soda, phosphate of lime, 
and other salts. Normal pus consists essentially 
of two distinct parts, pus corpuscles or pus globules, 
and a colourless, aqueous fluid, liquor puris, in 
which the corpuscles are suspended. A variety 
732 
PYCNANTHEMUM 
of the pus corpuscles is described by M. Lebert 
under the name pyoid. 
Pus Bonum, see Pus - p. Corpuscles, see Pus 
- p. Corrosivum, Sanies - p. Globules, see Pus 
- p. Laudabile, see Pus-p. Louable, see Pus - 
p. Malignum, Ichor - p. Malignum, Sanies - p. 
Nutritivum, see Pus - p. Verum, see Pus. 
PUSILLA'TUM, Pusula'tum, from pusillus, 
' small.' A coarse powder. 
PUSILLUS, Nanus. 
PUSTULA, Pustule - p. Ardens, Eczema-p. 
Oris, Aphthae-p. Gangrenosa, see Anthrax - p. 
Livida Esthoniae, see Anthrax. 
Pustule Lichen. 
PUSTULAR, Pustulous, Pustula'ris, Pustulo'- 
sus. Of or belonging to pustules. Affected with 
pustules. 
PUSTULA'TION, Pustula'tio, from pustula, 
' a pustule.' The formation of pustules. 
PUSTULE, Pus'tula, from pus. Ecpye'sis, 
Ecthy'ma, Benath, Babe, Epanas'tasis. An ele- 
vation of the cuticle, with an inflamed base, con- 
taining Willan and Bateman reckon four 
varieties of pustules : Phlyza'cium, Psydra'ciuni, 
Achor, and Favus. The variolous pustule is often 
called, by the French, Grain; by us, Pock. 
PUSTULE MALIGNE, see Anthrax. 
PUSTULOUS, Pustular. 
PUSULATUM, Pusillatum. 
PUTIUM, Prepuce. 
PUTREDO, Hospital Gangrene, Putrefaction. 
PUTREFAC'TION, Putrefac'tio,Putresceu'tia, 
Sepsis, Sap'rotes, Putrid fermenta'tion, Putre- 
factive fermentation, from putris, piitre, 'rotten/ 
and facere, 'to make.' A decomposition, expe- 
rienced by animal substances, when deprived of 
life, and placed under particular circumstances. 
The presence of water is indispensable. The 
temperature most favourable to it, is from 60° to 
90° of Fahrenheit. The most common products 
of putrefaction are, water, carbonic acid, acetic 
acid, ammonia, carburetted hydrogen, and a semi- 
putrid substance, which is volatilized, and has an 
infected odour. It has been supposed that some- 
thing like putrefaction may occur in the living 
body, as in case of putrid fever. To this condi- 
tion, Piorry has given the name Typhoha'mia, 
conceiving it to be owing to alteration of the 
blood by putrid animal matters. Putrefaction 
signifies the state of becoming putrid : whilst Pu- 
tridity, Putre'do, Putrid'itas, Pu'tridness, (F.) 
Pourriture, is the state of rottenness. 
PUTRESCENT, Hyposaprus - p. Poison, see 
Poison. * 
PUTRESCENTIA, Putrefaction - p. Uteri 
gravidi, Hystero-malacia. 
PUTRID, Pu'tridus, Sapros, (F.) Putride, from 
putrere, ' to rot.' An epithet for some affections, 
in which the matters excreted and the transpira- 
tion itself exhale a smell of putridity. It is par- 
ticularly applied to typhus. 
PUTRIDITAS, see Putrefaction. 
PUTRIDITY, see Putrefaction. 
PUTRILA'GO, Putror, (F.) Putrilage. Same 
etymon. The pultaceous matter or slough, which 
forms in certain gangrenous and other ulcers, 
and is thrown off. 
PUTROR, Putrilage. 
PUTZOCIIILL, see Myroxylon Peruiferum. 
PYJE'MIA, Pyohmmia. 
PYARTII'RUM, from irvov, ' pus,' and apdpov, 
'joint.' A suppurated joint. 
PYCNAN'TIIEMUM INCA'NUM, Common 
Mountain Mint, Wild Basil. An indigenous plant 
of the mint family - Labiatae - which flowers in 
August. It has the aromatic properties of the 
mints. PYCNICMASTICA 
Ptcnan'themum Linifo'lium, Virginia Thyme, 
has like virtues. 
PYCNICMASTICA, Incrassantia. 
PYCNOSIS, Inspissatio. 
PYCNOTICA, Incrassantia. 
PYEC'CIIYSIS, from m>ov, 'pus,' and 
' effusion.' An effusion of pus. 
PYELI'TIS, from rvcXof, 'pelvis,' and iit«, de- 
noting inflammation. Inflammation of the pelvis 
and calices of the kidney. 
PYELOMETER, Pelvimeter. 
PYELONEPHRI'TIS, from initXof, 'pelvis,' 
vt<bpos, 'kidney,' and itis, denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the kidney, and of the pelvis and 
calices. 
PYELOS, Pelvis. 
PYEMESIS, Pyoemesis. 
PYES IS, Suppuration. 
PYETIA, Colostrum. 
PYGE, Nates. 
PYGM2EUS, Pygmy. 
PYGME, Fist, Forearm. 
P YGMEE, Pygmy. 
PYGMY, Pigmy, Pygmae'us, (F.) PygmSe, from 
vvypn. 'the fist; as big as the fist.' A dwarf. 
The Pygmaei were a fabulous nation of dwarfs in 
the extreme parts of India; or, according to 
others, in Ethiopia. 
PYGODID'YMUS, Did'ymus symphyoperiner'- 
««, Pygop'ages, from 'the nates,' and 5«5v- 
jiot, ' a twin.' A monstrosity, in which twins are 
united by the sacrum and coccyx. 
PYGOPAGES, Pygodidymus. 
PYICUS, Purulent. 
PYLE, Porta. 
PYLEMPHRAX'IS, from ™Xn, 'porta,' 'a 
gate,' and cp<ppafa, ' obstruction.' Obstruction of 
the vena porta:. 
PYLOR'IC, Pylor'icus. Same etymon as py- 
lorus. That which relates to the pylorus. An 
epithet given to different parts. 
Pyloric Artery, Arte'ria Corona'ria dextra, 
(F.) Petite artere gastrigue droite, arises from the 
hepatic, and is distributed to the pylorus and to 
the lesser curvature of the stomach, anastomosing, 
particularly, with the A. coronaria ventriculi and 
A. gastro-epiploica dextra. 
Pyloric Vein follows the same distribution as 
the artery. 
PI LO'RUS, Jan'itor, Portona'rium, from irvXr), 
'a gate,' and ovpof, 'a guardian.' Os'tium ven- 
tric'uli duodena'le seu pylor' icum seu dextrum seu 
infe'rius, Orific"ium dextrum seu infering seu 
Eyres'bus seu Os infe'rius seu An'nidus seu Sphinc- 
ter ventri'culi, Ostia'rius, Hostia'rius, (F.) Pylore. 
The lower or right orifice of the stomach-Orifice 
intestinal (Ch.) - is called Pylorus, because it 
closes the entrance into the intestinal canal, and 
is furnished with a circular, flattened, fibro-mu- 
cous ring, which occasions the total closure of 
the stomach during digestion in that organ. This 
ring has been called the Valve of the Pylorus, 
Sphincter Pylo'ri, Pylo'rus propria sic dictus, (F.) 
Valvule du pylore. It is a fold of the mucous 
and muscular membranes of the stomach; and 
is the Pyloric muscle of some authors. 
PYOBLENNICUS, Mucopurulent. 
PYOBLENNORRHCE'A, from irvov, 'pus,' 
(iXcvva, ' mucus, and pev>, ' I flow.' A discharge 
of puriform mucus. 
PYOCENO'SIS, from irvov, 'pus,' and reswatf, 
'evacuation.' Evacuation of pus. 
PYOCIIEZ'IA, Diarrhoe'a purulen'ta, from 
irvov, ' pus,' and ' I go to stool.' Discharge 
of pus by stool. Purulent diarrhcea. 
PYOCCE'LIA, Asci'tes purulen'tiis, from irvov, 
733 
PYRAMID 
'pus, and KotXta, 'the belly.' Pus .n the abdo- 
minal cavity. 
PYOCYSTIS, Vomica. 
PYODES, Purulent. 
PYCEDE'MA, from irvov, 'pus,' and oiSijpa, 
' swelling.' Tumefaction of the surface owing 
to effusion of pus. 
PYOEM'ESIS, Pyem'eeis, Vom'itus purnlentus, 
from rrvov, ' pus,' and cpeais, ' the act of vomiting.' 
Vomiting of pus. 
PYOGENESIS, Pyogenia. 
PYOGEN'IA, Puogen'ia, Pyogen'esis, Pyopne'- 
eis, from rrvov, 'pus,' and ytvcaif, 'generation.' 
Generation of pus. The theory or mechanism of 
the formation of pus. Some have believed that 
pus is formed by the arterial system, and is de- 
posited, by way of excretion, in the inflamed 
parts ; others, that it is formed by the destruction 
of solid parts. These opinions are, however, in- 
admissible ; and pus is now regarded as mainly 
the product of a particular secretion in the dis- 
eased part. 
Pyogenia Corrosiva, Ulceration-p. Simplex, 
Suppuration. 
PYOGEN'IC, Pyogen'icus. Same etymon. 
Having relation to the formation of pus. 
PYOHJE'MIA, Pya'mia, from irvov, 'pus,' and 
'aiya, ' blood.' Alteration of the blood by pus. 
PYOID CORPUSCLES or GLOBULES, see 
Pus. 
PYOME'TRA, P. purulen'ta, from rrvov, 'pus,' 
and yr/rpa, ' womb.' A collection of pus in the 
uterus. 
Pyometra Purulenta, Pyometra. 
PYON, Pus. 
PYONEPHRITE, see Nephritis. 
PYONOMA, Pus. 
PYOOTORRIHEA, Otirrhcea. 
PYOPERICAR'DIA, Pyopericar'dium, from 
irvov, 'pus,' jrtpi, 'about,' and Kapiia, 'the heart.' 
A collection of pus in the pericardium. 
PYOPHTHALMIA, Hypopyon - p. Neonato- 
rum, see Ophthalmia (purulenta infantum). 
P YOPLEURITE, Empyema. 
PYOPOESIS, Pyogenia. 
PYOP'TITSIS, from irvov, ' pus,' and irrvio, 'I 
spit.' Spitting of pus. 
PYORRHAG"IA, from ttuov, 'pus,' and payn, 
' violent rupture.' A sudden discharge of a large 
collection of matter. 
PYORRHOEA, from irvov, 'pus,' and pru, 'I 
flow.' A discharge of pus. 
Pyorrhiea Alvina, Pyochezia-p. Aurium, 
Otirrhcea - p. Nasalis, Ozoena- p. Palpebrae, 
Blepharopyorrhoea-p. Urinalis, Pyuria-p. Vi- 
arum lacrymalium, Dacryopyorrhoea. 
PYOSIS, Hypopyon, Pterygion, Suppuration 
- p. Pectoris, Empyema. 
PYOTHORAX VERUS, Empyema. 
P YOTORRHEE, Otorrhoea. 
PYOTURIA, Pyuria. 
PYR, Fever. 
Pl RA, Anthrax-p. Crustumina, Crustumina- 
tum-p. Crustumenna, Crustuminatum. 
PYR'AMID, Pyr'amtn, Eminen'tia pyramid^'- 
Uk tym'pani, from 7r»p, 'flame,' which has a coni- 
cal appearance. (?) A small bony projection in 
the cavity of the tympanum, which is excavated, 
to lodge the muscle of the stapes. Also, the 
Centre-pin of the trephine. Also, a small, ob- 
tusely pointed eminence of the inferior vermiform 
process of the cerebellum. 
Pyramid, see Calumba-p. of Malacarne, Ver- 
miform process, inferior. PYRAMIDAL 
PYRAMIDAL DE L'ABDOMEN, Pyrami- 
dalis abdominis - p. de la Cuisse, Pyramidalis- 
p. du Nez, Pyramidalis nasi-p. Stapidien, Sta- 
pedius, 
PYRAMID ALE, (OS,) Cuneiform, (bone.) 
PYRAMIDA'LIS ABDOM'INIS, Mus'cuius 
Fallo'pii vel succenturia'tus vel auxilia'rius, (F.) 
Pubio-ombilical, Pubio-sous-umbilical, (Ch.,) Py- 
ramidal de I'abdomen. A small, fleshy, pyrami- 
dal fasciculus, whose existence is not constant; 
and which is inserted, by its base, into the upper 
part of the pubis, and terminates, by its summit, 
at the inferior part of the linea alba. When it 
contracts, it stretches the linea alba. 
Pyramida'lis, P. Fem'oris, Ili'acus exter'nus, 
Pyriform'is, Piriformis, Primus et superior quad- 
rigem'inus, (F.) Sacro-troehanterien (Ch.), Py- 
ramidal de la cuisse. A flat, triangular muscle, 
situate at the posterior part of the pelvis. By its 
base, it is attached to the anterior surface of the 
sacrum ; to the corresponding surface of the great 
sacro-sciatic ligament and to the posterior part 
of the ilium. It terminates by a tendon, which 
is attached to the inner surface of the great tro- 
chanter. This muscle is a rotator of the thigh 
outwards, or of the pelvis in an opposite direction. 
Pyramidalis Femoris, Pyramidalis. 
Pyramida'lis Nasi, Proc"erus nasi, Nasum 
dila'tans, (F.) Fronto nasal (Ch.), Pyramidal du 
nez. A thin, triangular muscle, which has its 
summit upwards. Above, it is continuous with 
the occipito-frontalis. It descends vertically be- 
fore the root of the nose, on which it terminates; 
becoming c.onfounded with the transversalis. 
This muscle wrinkles the skin of the root of the 
nose transversely, and stretches that which covers 
the tip. 
PYRAMIDES, Corpora pyramidalia. 
P YR AMIDES ANTERIEURES, Corpora 
pyramidalia-p. Ferreini, Ferrein, pyramids of 
-p. Malpighianae, Papillae of the kidney-p. Pos- 
terieures du cervelet, Corpora restiformia. 
PYRAMIDS OF MALPIGHI, Papillae of the 
kidney - p. Posterior, Corpora restiformia - p. 
of Wistar, Sphenoidal cornua. 
PYRAMIS, Penis, Pyramid-p. Cochleae, Mo- 
diolus-p. Trigona, see Temporal bone. 
PYRCA5A, Incendium. 
PYREC'TICA, 'febrile;' from irvpiros, 'fever.' 
Fevers: the first order in the class Hcematica of 
Good. 
PYRENOIDES, Odontoid. 
PYRETHRE, Anthemis pyrethrum. 
PYRETHRUM, Anthemis pyrethrum, Urtica 
-p. Parthenium, Matricaria parthenium-p. Syl- 
vestre, Achillea ptarmica. 
PYRETICO'SIS, from rvp, ' fire,' wpcroj, 
'fever;' Morbus febri'lis. A febrile affection. 
PYRETICUS, Febrifuge. 
PYRETOGRAPII'IA, from miptroy, 'fever,' 
and ypa<pr), ' a description.' A description of 
fever. 
PYRETOL'OGY, Pyretolog"ia, from irvperos, 
'fever,' and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' Pyrol'ogy. A 
treatise on fevers. A title sometimes given to a 
monograph on fever. 
PYRETOS, Fever. 
PYRETOTYPOSIS, Intermittent. 
PYREX'IA, Pyrex'is. Same etymon as the 
next. Fever. The febrile condition. Also, a 
paroxysm of fever - Paroxysmus febri'lis. 
PYREX'IA?, from irvp, ' fire.' Febrile diseases. 
The first class of Cullen's Nosology. 
PYRI MARTIALES, Ferrum tartarizatum. 
PYRIA, Fomentation, Vaporarium. 
734 
PYROSIS 
PYRIATERIUM, Vaporarium. 
PYRICAUSTUM, Burn. 
PYRIFORM IS. Pyramidalis. 
PYRIPII'LEGES, mipupXcyns, from Trap, 'fire, 
and <pXcyw, ' I burn.' One who has a burning 
fever. 
PYRITES, IRON, Ferri sulphuretum. 
PYRMONT, MINERAL WATERS OF. A 
celebrated mineral spring, on the Weser, in West- 
phalia, four leagues from Hamelet. The waters 
are tonic, and contain chlorides of sodium and 
magnesium, sulphates of soda and magnesia, and 
carbonates of iron, lime, and magnesia dissolved 
in carbonic acid, with some resinous principles. 
It is a highly carbonated chalybeate. 
Artific"ial Pyrmont Water may be formed 
of Epsom salt, gr. xv; common salt, gr. v; mag- 
nesia, gr. x; iron-filing», gr. v; water, Oiij. Im- 
pregnated with the gas from marble-powder and 
sulphuric acid, aa 3v'j- 
PYRCENUS, Spiritus rectificatus. 
PYR'OLA, P.rotundifo'lia, Round-leaved H7n- 
tergreen. Order, Pyrolaceae. This plant was once 
used as a gentle astringent and tonic. 
Pyr'ola Macula'ta, Spotted Pipsis'sewa, 
Spotted Wintergreen, Whiteleaf, White Pipsisse- 
wa, King cure, Ground holly, Rheumatism weed, 
Ac., has similar properties. 
Pyrola Umbella'ta, Chimaph'ila vel Chi- 
moph'ila umbella'ta, C. Corymbo'sa, Ground-holly, 
Pipsissewa, Wintergreen, Rheumatism weed,Uerbe 
a pisser (Canada). This common American plant 
is allied to the uva ursi, in botanical as well as 
medical qualities. It is tonic and diuretic. The 
bruised leaves irritate the skin. From the de- 
coction or infusion an agreeable beverage may 
be formed by adding sugar, ginger to flavour it, 
and yeast to produce fermentation. Under the 
name Pipsis1 sewa Beer it has been used in scro- 
fulous affections. 
PYROLEUM OSSIUM RECTIFICATUM, 
Oleum animale Dippelii. 
PYROLIG'NE0US ACID, Ac"idum py- 
roace'ticum, A. pyroligno'sum seu pyroxyl'icum, 
A. ligni pyro-oleo'sum, A. ace'ticum empyreu- 
mat'icum, A. lig'neum, Pyrolig'nic acid, (F.) 
Acide pyroligneux, Vinaigre de bois. An acid, 
obtained by distillation, from wood, coal, Ac., 
which was once believed to be of a peculiar cha- 
racter. It is now known to be formed of acetic 
acid and an empyreumatic oil, from which it may 
be freed; and, in this state, is sold in commerce 
for Acetum distillatum. It is used for similar 
purpose's as distilled vinegar, and for preserving 
animal substances. It has also been used as an 
antiseptic in gangrene and sphacelus, and to foul 
ulcers; wherever indeed creasote is indicated.- 
The dose of the impure pyroligneous acid inter- 
nally is from five to thirty drops, three or four 
times a day. 
PYROMA'NIA, Incen'diary monoma'nia, from 
Trap, ' fire,' and mania. Insanity, with an irre- 
sistible desire to destroy by fire. 
PYROPII'AGUS, Igniv'orus, from rvp, 'fire,' 
and <(>ayu>, ' I eat.' One who eats fire. A juggler, 
who eats bodies in a state of ignition. 
PYROS, Triticum. 
PYRO'SIS, from m>p, 'fire,' 'the act of burn- 
ing.' Ptyalis'mus pyros'icus, Limo'sis cardial'gia 
sputato'ria, Ardor stom'achi, A. ventric'uli, Car- 
dial'gia sputatoria, Pyrosis Suec"ica, Apoceno'sis 
vom'itus pyrosis. Dyspepsia pyrosis, Cnismoreg'- 
mia, Ebullit"io stom'achi, Orex'is (of some), H'a- 
terbrash, Waterqualm, Black-water, (F.) Ardeu* 
de Vestomac, Per chaud, Cremason, Soda, Gor- 
gosset. This affection consists *f a hot sensation 
in the stomach, with eructations cf an acrid, 
burning liquid, that causes a distressing sensa- PYROSOPHIA 
tion in the parts over which it passes. Attention 
to diet, and the use of bitter absorbents, will 
usually relieve, when the disease is functional. 
Occasionally, it is symptomatic of organic disease 
of the stomach. 
Pyrosis also signified, of old, inflammation, 
gangrene, and a burn. 
Pyrosis Suecica, Pyrosis. 
PYROSOPHIA, Chymistry. 
PYROTECHNIA, Chymistry. 
PYROTECHNY, Pyrotech'ne, from jrvp, ' fire,' 
and rexvr), ' art.' Art of making fire-works, <tc. 
Also, chymistry. M. Percy has used the term 
Pyrotechnic Ohirurgicale for the art of applying 
fire or the actual cautery in surgery. 
PYROTHONIDE, from rrvp, 'fire,' and odovri, 
'linen.' Liquor pyro-oleo'bub e lin'teo para'tus. 
A kind of pyrogenous or empyreumatic oil, pro- 
duced by the combustion of textures of hemp, 
linen, or cotton in a copper vessel. The brown 
product is acid. Its medical properties probably 
resemble those of creasote. Diluted with three 
or four times its weight of water, it has been used 
as a gargle in cynanche tonsillaris, but is not 
now employed. 
It is said, also, to be a popular remedy for 
toothach and skin diseases. When prepared from 
rags, it is called Rag oil; when from paper, Pa- 
per oil. 
PYROTICUS, Caustic. 
PYRUS CYDO'NIA, Cydo'nia malifor'mia seu 
vulga'ris, Sorbus Cydo'nia, Cydo'nia, Coto'nia, 
Quince Tree, (F.) OoignaBeier. Family, Rosaceae. 
Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The fruit is 
termed Cydo'nium malum, Malum canum, Malum 
coto'neum, Melum cydo'nium, Quince, (F.) Coign. 
735 
QUANDROS 
- 
Quince-seeds-Cydo'nium (Ph. U. S. 1851)-are 
sometimes used in decoction as a demulcent. The 
fruit makes a pleasant preserve. 
Pyrus Domestica, Sorbus domestica. 
Pyrus Mai.us, Jfalus, M. dasyphyl'la seu com- 
mu'nis seu syltes'tris, Sorbus inalus, Mclea, the 
Apple Tree, (F.) Pomniier. The apple - (F.) 
Pomme-is an agreeable fruit when ripe. When 
unripe, it disagrees, especially with those of weak 
digestive powers. The same may be said of the 
pear, (F.) Poire; the fruit of the Pyrus commu'- 
nis, Apios, P. Sorbus, P. Sati'va, (F.) Poirier. 
Apple Brandy is a spirituous liquor obtained 
from the juice of the apple, and much used in the 
United States. 
PYTIA, Colostrum. 
PYTISMA, Sputum, Sperm. 
PYUL'CON, from irvov, 'pus,' and 'iXku>, 'I 
extract.' (F.) Tire-pus. A surgical instrument 
for extracting pus from any cavity. Many pyulca 
have been employed, all of which act as exhausting 
syringes. 
PYU'RIA, Pyotu'ria, Pyorrboe'aurina'lis, from 
kvov, 'pus,' and ovpov, 'urine.' Discharge of pu- 
rulent urine: a symptom which occurs in many 
diseases; particularly in cases of renal calculi, 
and in organic affections of the bladder. It re- 
ceives various epithets, according to the part 
whence the pus proceeds: - as Pyuria urethra'lis, 
P. rena'lis, and P. vesica'lis. 
Pyuria Chylosa, Chyluria - p. Lactea, Chy- 
luria - p. Mucosa, Cystirrhcea - p. Serosa, Cys- 
tirrhoea - p. Viscida, Cystirrhcea. 
PYXIS, refit. A box; a pill-box. Also, an 
emollient ointment. - Aetius, and Paulus. 
Pyxis, Boite, see Cotyloid. 
Q. 
Q., see Abbreviation. 
QUABEBE, Piper cubeba. 
QUACK, Charlatan. 
QUACK-MEDICINE, Arcanum. 
QUACKSALVER, Charlatan. 
QUADRANS, Quarta pars libra. A quarter 
of a pound. Three ounces (Troy). 
QUADRANTAL, Amphora. 
QUADRATUS, Depressor labii inferioris - q. 
Dorsi, Q. lumborum. 
Quadra'tus Fem'oris, Quadratus, from qua- 
dra, 'a square.' Quartus quadrigem'inus quad- 
ratics, (F.) Tuber-ischio-trocbant&rien (Ch.), Is- 
chio-sous-trochant£rien, Carri de la Cuisse. A 
muscle situate at the posterior and upper part of 
the thigh. It is thin, flat, and quadrilateral, 
and is attached to the outer part of the tuberosity 
of the ischium; whence it proceeds transversely 
to the inferior part of the posterior margin of the 
great trochanter. It rotates the limb, turning 
the toe outwards. 
Quadratus Gena:, Platysma myoides-q. Ra- 
dii, Pronator radii quadratus. 
Quadratus Lumbo'rum, Quadratus seu Lum- 
ba'ris externus, Flectens par lumbo'rum, Quadra'- 
tus dorsi, (F.) Rio-costal, (Ch.) Rio-.lombi-costal, 
Carre des lombes. A flat, somewhat thick, irre- 
gularly quadrilateral muscle, situate in the loins, 
at the sides of the vertebral column. It is at- 
tached, below, to the crista ilii and ilio-lumbar 
ligament; and above, to the inferior margin of 
the last rib; and besides, to the base of the trans- 
verse processes of the last four lumbar vertebrae. 
This muscle inclines the loins to its side; de- 
presses the last rib, and is thus a muscle of respi- 
ration. It can also raise the hip. 
QUADRIGEM'INA TUBER'CULA, Eminen'- 
tice Quadrigem'ince seu Bigem'ina, Optic Lobes, 
Optic Ganglia, Pons Syl'vii, Cor'pora quadri- 
gem'ina, Nates et Testes, Corpora bigem'ina, (F.) 
Tubercles quadrijumeaux, Eminences bigemintes. 
Four medullary tubercles, situate at the posterior 
surface of the tuber annulare. They are white, 
externally; gray, internally; oblong; rounded; 
connected by pairs, and separated by two grooves, 
which divide them crucially. Of these tubercles 
- the superior, called nates, Tuber'cula anterio'ra, 
Glu'tia, are larger and more prominent than the 
lower, called testes, Tuber'cula posterio'ra. The 
pineal gland corresponds exactly to the point 
of intersection of the two furrows that separate 
them. 
QUADRIGEMINUS PRIMUS ET SUPE- 
RIOR, Pyramidalis-q. Quadratus quartus, Qua- 
dratus femoris - q. Secundus et tertius, Ischio- 
trochanterianus. 
QUADROON, see Mulatto-q. Black, see Mu- 
latto. 
QUAFADIL, Melanthium Virginicum. 
QUAHOIL, Cacao. 
QUAIL, Tetrao coturnix. 
QUAMASH, EASTERN, Scilla esculenta. 
QUANDROS. Ancient name for a precious 
stone, believed to exist in the brain of the vul- QUARANTINE 
ture; and to which was attributed the property 
of augmenting the secretion of milk, and pre- 
serving from deadly accidents. No such stone 
exists. 
QU AR'AN TINE, Quar'entine, Quarentaine, 
from(I.) Q«ara»ti'«a, itself from quaranta, 'forty.' 
(F.) Quarantaine. The time during which tra- 
vellers, returning from a country where the plague 
or any other pestilential disease exists, are com- 
pelled to remain on board ship or in a lazaretto. 
They, as well as the ship, are said ' to perform 
quarantine.' Quarantine is sometimes extended 
beyond forty days, whilst its duration is fre- 
quently much less. It is sometimes enforced by 
land; for example, when contagious diseases re- 
quire the establishment of cordons sanitaires, and 
when persons are desirous of leaving infected dis- 
tricts. During quarantine, no communication is 
allowed between the travellers and the inhabit- 
ants of the country. Quarantine is a great im- 
pediment to commerce; and is, doubtless, very 
frequently enforced when there is but little dan- 
ger of contagion. The evils, however, that mig ht 
arise from the introduction of a widely-spreading 
contagious disease, are so disastrous, as to induce 
legislators to maintain these laws in perhaps an 
unnecessary degree of rigour. 
QUARTAN, 'of or belonging to the fourth.' 
Quarta'na Febris, An'etus Quarta'nus, Tetarta'us, 
Quartan Ague, (F.) Quarte. An intermittent, the 
paroxysms of which recur every fourth day, 
leaving between them two days' interval. We 
speak also of the Quartan Type. A Double Quar- 
tan is one in which one paroxysm occurs on the 
third and another on the second day, so that 
there is only one day of apyrexia and two of 
paroxysms in succession ; - the paroxysms of 
every fourth day resembling each other. A Tri- 
ple Quartan is one in which there is a paroxysm 
every day; and on every three days the paroxysms 
correspond. A redoubling or repeating quartan, 
(F.) Figure quarte doublfe, is one in which there 
are two paroxysms every fourth day. See Inter- 
mittent. 
QUARTANUS REMITTENS, Tetartophia. 
QUARTA'RIUS. An ancient measure, equal 
to one-fourth of the sextarius. See Weights and 
Measures. 
QUARTE, Quartan. 
QUARTERON, see Mulatto - q. Black, see 
Mulatto. 
QUARTIO, Astragalus. 
QUARTI-STERNAL, Quadristerna'lis. The 
fourth osseous portion of the sternum, correspond- 
ing to the fourth intercostal space.- BSclard. 
QUASSATIO, Conquassation. 
QUASSATURA, Conquassation. 
QUAS'SIA, Quassia ama'ra, Quassy, Quassia 
excel'sa, Picra'na excel'sa, Febrif'ugum lignum, 
Lofty Bitterwood Tree, Bitter-ash, (F.) Quassie. 
A West India tree, from which is obtained the 
Lignum Quassia, Quassia, (Ph. U. S.) It is an 
intensely durable bitter, without astringency; 
and has been employed as a tonic and stomachic. 
It is generally given in the form of infusion. The 
bitter principle is called Qua««in. 
Quassia Simarou'ba, Simarouba, Simaruba, 
S. officina'lis, Euon'ymus, Bitter Simaruba, Moun- 
tain Damson. The bark of the Simarouba is 
bitter, and not unpleasant. Both water and al- 
cohol extract its virtues. It is not astringent. 
It is exhibited wherever a simple tonic is required. 
QUASSIN, see Quassia. 
QUATERNIO, Astragalus. 
QUATRE EPICES, see Myrtus pimenta. 
QUATRIO, Astragalus. 
QUEASINESS, Nausea. 
736 
QUINIA 
QUEEN'S DELIGHT, Stillingia- q. of the 
Meadows, Spiraea ulmaria-q. Root, Stillingia. 
QUERCINI HERBA, Lichen plicatus. 
QUERCULA MINOR, Teucrium chamaedrys. 
QUERCUS ALBA, the White Oak; Quercus 
Robur, the Common Oak; Q. Tincto'ria, tho 
Black Oak; Q. rubra monta'na, the Bed Oak 
or Spanish Oak; Family, Ainentaceae ; Sex. Sy st. 
Monoecia Polyandria; (F.) Chene. The bark of 
all these varieties is, probably, alike in medicinal 
properties. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, 
and has been used internally in intermittents, and 
externally in decoction, as an astringent wash, 
where such is indicated. 
Acorns, Ceces, Notes Quercds, (F.) Glands, 
were at one time much used as food ; and a de- 
coction of them was once recommended in dys- 
entery and diarrhoea, in glandular obstructions, 
Ac. A pessary made of them has been advised 
in immoderate flow of the menses. They are not 
now used. 
Quercus Infecto'ria. A tree of Asia Minor, 
which affords Turkey Galls, Nut Galls, Galla 
Tur'cica, G. Querci'na, G. Tincto'ria, Nux Galla, 
Galla max'ima orbicula'ta, Cicis, Cassenoles, Gal- 
la, Galls, Gall-nut, (F.) Noix de Galle. The nut- 
gall-Galla (Ph. U. S.)-is a morbid protuberance 
or tubercle, produced by the puncture of the Di- 
plo'lepis Galla Tincto'ria or Cynips Quercds 
folii. It is powerfully astringent and tonic, and 
has been employed in diarrhoea, intestinal hemor- 
rhage, and intermittents: but is chiefly used, 
externally, in gargles and injections. The pow- 
der, made into an ointment with lard, is used in 
piles. 
Quercus Coccifera, see Kermes-q. Marina, 
Fucus vesiculosus-q. Suber, see Suber. 
QUEUE DE CHEVAL, Cauda equina, see 
Medulla spinalis-q. de la Motile epiniire, Cauda 
equina-q. de Pourceau, Peucedanum. 
QUICK-IN-THE-IIAND, Impatiens. 
QUICKEN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
QUICK'ENING, from Sax. cpiccan. "• make 
alive.' The period of gestation when u tion 
of the foetus first becomes perceptible. This usu- 
ally occurs about the eighteenth week, and was 
at one time erroneously believed to mark the 
time at which the foetus becomes alive-Anima'- 
tio foetfis. It need scarcely be said, that it pos- 
sesses the principle of life from the moment of 
the union of the materials furnished by the sexes 
at a fecundating copulation. When the motion 
is felt, the female is said to be 'quick with child.' 
QUICKENS, Triticum repens. 
QUICKLIME, Calx viva. 
QUICKSILVER, Hydrargyrum. 
QUIES, Acinesia. 
QUINA, Quinine-q. Quina, Cinchona. 
QUINjE ACETAS, SULPHAS, Ac., see Qui- 
niae Acetas, Ac. 
QUINCE, see Pyrus cydonia-q. Tree, Pyrus 
cydonia. 
QUINIA, Quinine-q. Acetate of, Quiniae acetas 
-q. Amorphous, see Quinia, extract of-q. Arsen- 
iate of, Quiniae arsenias-q. and Cinchonia, tannate 
of, Quiniae et Cinchoniae tannas-q. Arsenite of, 
Quiniae arsenis-q. Citrate of, Quiniae citras. 
Quinia, Extract of, Qui'nia sulphas impu'ms. 
A preparation which consists in evaporating the 
liquor poured off the crystals of sulphate of quinia, 
to the consistence of a pilular mass. 
It has the properties of sulphate of quinia, and 
its active principle appears to be amorphous 
quinia. Twenty-four grains will generally arrest 
ague. 
Quinia, Ferrocyanate of, Quinia! ferrocyanas 
- q. Hydriodate of, Quiniae hydriodas - q. Im- 
pure sulphate of, Quinia, extract of-q. lodhy- QUINT JS 
drate of, Quinine hydriodas-q. Iodide of, Quiniae 
hydriodas-q. Iodide of, lodhydrate of, see Quinia; 
hydriodas - q. loduret of, Quiniae hydriodas - q. 
and Iron, Ilydriodate of, see Quinia, Iodide of 
lodhydrate of-q. Lactate of, Quiniae lactas-q. 
and Mercury, protochloride of, Hydrargyri et 
Quiniae Protochloridum- q. Muriate of, Quiniae 
murias - q. Nitrate of, Quiniae nitras - q. Phos- 
phate of, Quiniae phosphas-q. Sulphate of, Qui- 
nine, sulphate of. 
QUI'NLE ACE'TAS, Chi'nium ace'ticum, Ace'- 
tas Chi'nii seu Chini'ni seu chi'nicus seu Qui'nia 
seu Quina seu Quini'ni seu Kini'ni, Quina ace'- 
tica, Acetate of Qui'nia or of Quinine. Prepared 
by saturating Quinia with diluted acetic acid. 
Has the properties of the other salts of Quinia. 
Quinia: Arsen'ias, Quini'na seu Qui'nia Ar- 
sen'ias, Chini'num Arsenico'sum seu Arsenic"icum, 
Arseniate of Quinia or of Quina or of Quinine. 
Formed by the union of arsenic acid and quinia. 
Employed as an antiperiodic in the dose of from 
three quarters of a grain to a grain and a half in 
the twenty-four hours. 
Quinta: Ar'senis, Q. Diar'senis, Ar'senite of 
Qui'nia. A salt resulting from the double de- 
composition of arsenite of potassa and sulphate 
of quinia. It has been used in chronic cutaneous 
diseases; and as an antiperiodic in ague, neu- 
ralgia, <fcc. Dose, one-third of a grain, three times 
a day. 
Quinta: Citras, Quinia seu Chini'ni citras, 
Citras chi'nicus seu gut'ntcua, Chi'nium seu Chi- 
ni'num Ci'tricum, Citrate of Quinia, of Quina, or 
of Quinine. Formed from the union of citric 
acid arid quinia. It has the same properties as 
the sulphate. 
Quinia: et Cinchonia: Tannas, Chini'num seu 
Chi'nium tan'nicum, Tannate of Quinia and Cin- 
cho'nia. This salt has the same properties as the 
salts of quinia in general. 
Quinia: Diarsenis, Quiniae Arsenis. 
Quinia: Fekkocy'anas, Chi'nium ferrocyano- 
gena'tum seu ferrohydrocyan'icum, Ferrocy'anate 
or hydrocyanoferrate of Quinia or of Quinine. 
This salt is obtained by the decomposition of sul- 
phate of quinia by means of a solution of ferro- 
cyanuret of potassium. It has all the properties 
of sulphate of quinia, and, according to some, in 
a superior degree. 
Quinia: IIydri'odas, Chini'num hydriod'icum, 
Hydriodate or lodhydrate of Quinia ; called, also, 
lodure'tum seu lod'idum Qui'nia, lod'uret or 
1'odide of Qui'nia, (F.) Hydriodate ou lodhydrate 
de Quinine, lodure de Quinine. This is formed 
by precipitating sulphate of quinia by means of 
iodide of potassium. Given in scrofulous affec- 
tions; half a grain to a grain, three times a day, 
to a child. 
An iodide and a biniodide have been formed; 
the latter made by mixing double the quantity of 
the iodide of potassium with the sulphate of quinia. 
An Iodide of Iodhy'drate of Qui'nia, (F.) 
lodure d'lodhydrate de Quinine, is prepared by 
pouring into an acid solution of quinia a solution 
of iodide of iron, containing a slight excess of 
iodine. The precipitate is treated with boiling 
alcohol : the liquor filtered, and crystals suffered 
to form. The salt possesses all the properties of 
the other salts of quinia. Under the name, Zfy- 
driodate of Iron and Quinia, a preparation has 
been introduced by Mr. Battley. It is possessed 
of tonic and antiperiodic virtues. 
Quinia: Iodidum, Quiniae hydriodas-q. lodu- 
retum, Quiniae hydriodas. 
Quinia: Lactas, Quina lactas, Chini'num lac'- 
ticum, Lactate of Qui'nia or of Quinine. Made 
by the action of lactic acid on quinia. Used in 
the same cases as the other salts of quinia. 
737 
QUININE 
Qvi'nle Mu'rias, Chi'nium muriat'icum sen 
sali'tum seu hydroehlu'ricvM, Mu'rias chi'nicus, 
Muriate of Quinia or of Quinine. May be pre- 
pared by dissolving quinia in dilute muriatic acid. 
Given as an antiperiodic. Dose, half a grain to 
a grain. 
Quinine Nitras, Chi'nium sen Chini'num ni'- 
tricum, Nitrate of Quinia or of Quinine. Maybe 
formed by the addition of nitric acid to quinia. 
Its properties are those of the sniphate of quinia. 
Quinia? Phosphas, Chi'nium seu Chini'num 
phosphor'icum, Phosphate of Quinia or of Qui- 
nine; may be prepared by the addition of dilute 
acid to quinia. It is thought by many 
to be next to the sulphate of quinia in its remedial 
powers. 
Quiniae Sulphas, Quinine, sulphate of. 
Quinia? Valeria'nas, Chini'num seu Chi'nium 
Valerian'icum, Valerianate of Quinia, of Quina, 
or of Quinine; may be formed by the union of 
valerianic acid with quinia. It has the proper- 
ties of the salts of quinia. 
QUININE, Qui'uia, Quina, Kini'num, Chini'- 
num, Quinina. An alkaline, uncrystallizable sub- 
stance ; under the form of a porous, whitish mass; 
almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and 
ether. It forms, with acids, salts that are in gen- 
eral soluble. It is obtained from different cin- 
chonas, but chiefly from the yellow, and is the 
active principle of those valuable drugs. 
Quinine, Acetate of, Quiniae acetas - q. Ar- 
seniate of, Quiniae arsenias - q. Arsenite of, Qui- 
niae arsenis - q. Citrate of, Quiniae citras - q. 
Ferrocyanate of, Quiniae ferrocyanas-q. Hydri-. 
odate de, Quinire hydriodas - q. lodhydrate de, 
Quiniae hydriodas - q. Iodide of. Quiniae hydrio- 
das-q. lodure de, Quiniae hydriodas-q. lodure 
d'iodhydrate de, Quinia, iodide of iodhydrate of- 
q. Lactate of, Quiniae lactas - q. Muriate of, Qui- 
niae murias - q. Nitrate of, Quiniae nitras - q. 
Phosphate of, Quiniae phosphas. 
Quinine. Quina or Quinia, Sulphate of, Qui- 
NIjE seu Qui'nce seu Quini'ntE Sulphas, Quince 
Disul'phas, Chi'nium seu Chini'num Sulphu'ri- 
cum, (F.) Sulfate de Quinine - the salt usually 
employed in medicine-occurs in needles of a 
pearly and satiny appearance. It is employed 
with great success in the treatment of intermit- 
tents; and is available in many cases, where the 
bark in substance could not be retained, or would 
be injurious. Dose, as a tonic from 3 to 10 grains 
in the 24 hours. As an antiperiodic it may be 
carried much farther. Its action, in a large dose, 
is decidedly sedative. It is obtained, by treating 
the yellow bark with sulphuric acid. The follow- 
ing form is adopted in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States,- Cinchon. far. in pulv. crass. Ibiv ; 
Acid, mnriat. ; Calcis, in pulv. ?v; Aquae, 
cong. v; Acid. Sulphur., Alcohol; Carlon, ani- 
mal, aa q. s. Boil the bark in one-third of the 
water mixed with the one-third of the muriatic 
acid, and strain through linen. Boil the residue 
twice successively with the same quantity of acid 
and water as before, and strain. Mix the decoc- 
tions, and, while the liquor is hot, gradually add 
the lime, previously mixed with two pints of 
water, stirring constantly, until the quinia is com- 
pletely precipitated. Wash the precipitate with 
distilled water, and having pressed and dried it, 
digest it in boiling alcohol. Pour off the liquor 
and repeat the digestion several times, until the 
alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix tho 
liquors, and distil off the alcohol, until a brown 
viscid mass remains. Upon this substance, re- 
moved from the vessel, pour about half a gallon 
of distilled water, and having heated the mixture 
to the boiling point, add as much sulphuric acid 
as may be necessary to dissolve the impure alkali. QUININISM 
Then add an ounce and a half of animal charcoal; 
boil for two minutes; filter the liquor while hot, 
and set it aside to crystallize. Should the liquor, 
before filtration, be entirely neutral, acidulate it 
very slightly with sulphuric acid. Should it, on 
the contrary, change the colour of litmus paper 
to a bright red, add more animal charcoal. Sep- 
arate the crystals from the liquor, dissolve them 
iu boiling water slightly acidulated with sulphu- 
ric acid, add a little animal charcoal, filter and 
set aside to crystallize. Wrap the crystals in 
bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. The 
mother-waters may be made to yield an additional 
quantity of sulphate of quinia by precipitating 
the quinia with solution of ammonia, and treating 
the precipitated alkali with water, sulphuric acid, 
and animal charcoal, as before. 
Quinine, Tannate of, Quiniae et cinchoniae 
tanpas-q. Valerianate of, Quiniae valerianas. 
QUINI'NISM, Quininis'mus, Quinism, Cin'- 
chqnism. The aggregate of encephalic or neuro- 
pathic phenomenainduced by over-doses of quinia. 
QUINOIDINE, Chinioidine. 
QUINQUEFOLIUM, Potentillareptans-Quin- 
quefolium majus, Potentilla reptans. 
QUINQUINA, Cinchona-q. Aromatique, Cro- 
ton cascarilla - q. Bicolor, Cinchonas Caribaeae 
cortex - q. Faux de Virginie, Cusparia febrifuga 
-q. Gris de Loxa, Cinchonae lancifolim cortex- 
q.Jaune, Cinchona) cordifoliae cortex-q. Orange, 
Cinchonae lancifoliae cortex-q. Piton, Cinchonae 
Caribmae cortex-g. Rouge, Cinchonae oblongifo- 
liae cortex. 
QUINSEY, Cynanche tonsillaris-q. Nervous, 
Angone-q. Wolf, Lycanche. 
QUINTAN, Febris quinta'na, F. pempta'a, F. 
738 
RACHITIS 
quinta; from quintug, 'a fifth.' A fever whose 
paroxysms return only every five days inclus- 
ively ; and between which there are, consequently, 
three days of apyrexia. 
QUENTE, (F.) This word is used synony- 
mously with paroxysm or fit, when speaking of 
oough,-as tine Quinte de Toux-'a lit of cough- 
ing.' Also, the influenza. 
QUTNTEFEUILLE, Potentilla reptans. 
QUINTERON, see Mulatto- q. black, see 
Mulatto. 
QUINTES, see Pertussis. 
QUINTESSENCE, Quinta Essen'tia. A name 
formerly given to alcohol, impregnated with the 
principles of some drug. It was, consequently, 
often synonymous with Alcohol'ic tincture. The 
most volatile principles of bodies were, also, 
called Quintas'sences. 
QUINTI'STERNAL. The fifth osseous por- 
tion of the sternum. It corresponds to the 5>h 
and 6th intercostal spaces. 
QUINUA, Chenopodium quinoa. 
QUOTID'IAN, Quotidia'nus, Ephe'merus,-it- 
self from quotidie, 'daily.' That which takes 
place every day. 
Quotid'iah Fever, Febris quotidia'na seu Ae- 
mere'sia seu hemer'ina, Q. ague, An'etus quotidi- 
a'nus, Catbe'merus, Cathemer'inus, Metbemer'inos, 
Amphemer'inos, Amphimer'inus, Amphe'inerus, Fe- 
bris amphe'niera seu metJiemer'ina seu metheme'- 
ria, Quotidia'nus, (F.) Fiivre quotidienne, is an 
intermittent, the paroxysms of which recur every 
day. 
A simple, double, or triple quotidian, is a quo- 
tidian, which has one, two, or three paroxysms in 
R. 
R is placed at the commencement of a pre- 
scription, as a contraction of Rec"ipe. (See Ab- 
breviation.) Originally, it was the sign if- of 
Jupiter, and was placed at the top of a formula, 
to propitiate the king of the gods, that the com- 
pound might act favourably. 
RABDOIDES, (SUTURA,) Sagittal suture. 
RABID, Rab'idus, (F.) Rabique, Rabieique, 
from rabies, ' canine madness.' That which be- 
longs to hydrophobia; as rabid virus, &c. 
RABlfilQUE, Rabid. 
RABIES CANTNA, Hydrophobia. 
RABIQUE, Rabid. 
RACAIIOUT, Amyliim querneum. A name 
given by the Arabs to the starch prepared from 
an edible acorn obtained from Quercus Ilex, but, 
according to Plagge, the so called Racabout of 
the Arabs, sold in Paris, is a compound of pota- 
toe starch, chocolate, and aromatics,-as vanilla. 
RACCOON BERRY, Podophyllum montanum. 
RACE, from radice, abl. of radix, 'root,' breed. 
The union or aggregate of individuals whose con- 
formation or particular condition differs percep- 
tibly from those of neighbouring varieties. In 
the human species, several races are designated. 
See Homo. 
RACEMEUX, Racemosus. 
RACEMO'SUS, Rac"emous, Rac"emose, (F.) 
Kacemeux. In clusters, like grapes. 
RACE'MUS. A cluster-as of grapes. 
RACHAMEL'CA, from Hebr. DD1 (recbem) 
'the womb,' and (molecb,') 'a king:' Recha- 
mal'ca. A peculiar formative principle, supposed, 
by Dolrnus, to exist in the uterus. 
RACHE, Porrigo. 
RACHLABI, Raehiaei. 
RACIIIALGIA, Colic, metallic, Rhachiodynia, 
Vertebral disease-r. Mesenterica, Tabes mesen- 
teries-r. Pictoniensium, Colic, metallic-r. Pic- 
tonum, Colic, metallic. z 
R A CHIA LG IE MESENTERIQ UE, Tabes 
mesenterica. 
RACIIIALGITIS, Rhachialgitis. 
RACIIIDIAN ARTERIES, Spinal arteries-r. 
Bulb, see Medulla oblongata-r. Canal, Vertebral 
canal. 
RACHIOPHYMA, Racbiphyma. 
RACHIPIIY'MA, Rhachiphy'ma, Rachiophy- 
ma, Tumor Dorsi, from 'the spine,' and 
<fivua, 'a tumour.' A tumour on the spine or on 
the back. 
RACHIS, Vertebral column. 
RACIIIS'AGRA, Rhachis'agra, Rhach'iagra, 
Rhach'eagra, Rhachid'agra, Rhachi'tis spiua'lis, 
from 'the spine,' and aypa, 'a seizure.' A 
gouty or rheumatic affection of the spine. 
RACHITA3, Rhachitie. 
RACHIT'IC, Rachit'icus, Rhachit'icus, (F.) 
Rachitique. Same etymon as the next. Re- 
lating or appertaining to, or affected with rickets. 
Weak, feeble in the joints; defective in develop- 
ment. 
RACIII'TIS, Rhachi'tis, from 'the 
spine,' and itis, a suffix denoting inflammation. 
Inflammation of the spine. Also, Cyrto'sis Ra'- RACHITISME 
chia, Cyrton'osus, Morbus Ang'licus, Osteomala' ria 
Infan'turn, Tabes pectorea; Innutritio ostium, Spina 
uodo'sa, Rachitis'mus, English disease, Rickets; 
from 'the spine.' (F.) Rachitisme, Nouure. 
A disease characterized by crookedness of the 
long bones; swelling of their extremities; crooked 
spine; prominent abdomen; large head; and often 
precocity of intellect. It is accompanied by lean- 
ness, general debility, indigestion; and frequently 
induces atrophy and hectic. Rickets occurs, par- 
ticularly, during the first years of existence, in 
weakly children, born of rickety or scrofulous 
parents; brought up in damp or confined situa- 
tions ; who are badly nourished, and do not take 
sufficient exercise. The progress and termination 
of the disease are very variable. Some children 
gradually recover their health: others become 
more and more deformed, and ultimately die of 
consumption, dropsy, or other organic disease. 
The treatment is almost wholly hygienic. Pure 
air; a healthy situation; nourishing diet; exer- 
cise; sea or common cold bathing, and tonics, 
afford the best prospect of success. 
Rachitis Adultorum, Mollities ossium. 
RACHITISME, Rachitis. 
RACHO'SIS, Hhacho'sis, Rako'sis, from 
or 'paicow, ' I wrinkle.' A relaxation of the scro- 
tum. Propto'ma seu lax'itas Scroti, Scrotum 
pen'dulum. An excoriation of the relaxed scro- 
tum. - Dictionaries. 
RACINE A BECQUET, Geranium moscha- 
tum - r. de Bengal, Cassumuniar-r. de Chprcis, 
Dorstenia contrayerva - r. de Dracke, Dorstenia 
tontrayerva - r. des Philippines, Dorstenia con- 
trayerva- r. de Safran, Curcuma longa - r. de 
Saint Esprit, Angelica - r. Salivaire, Anthemis 
pyrethrum - r. de Turbeth, Convolvulus turpe- 
thum. 
RACINES DU CERVELET, Corpora resti- 
formia. 
RACLURES DES BOYAUX, Ramenta in- 
testinorum. 
RACORNISSEMENT, (F.) from se racornir, 
'to shrivel in the fire as leather does.' Cor'nifi- 
cation. A physical property, possessed by ani- 
mal substances, which consists in a kind of con- 
tractility, accompanied with sudden corrugation 
and curling. It is produced by heat, and by 
chemical agents, especially by the strong mineral 
acids. 
RADCLIFFE'S ELIXIR, see Tinctura aloes 
composita. 
RADESYGE, Radzyge. 
RADEZYGE, Radzyge. 
RADIAD, see Radial aspect. 
RA'DIAL, Radia'lis, from radius, a bone of 
the forearm. That which relates to the radius. 
RADIAL ANTERIEUR, Palmaris magnus. 
Radial Artery, A. extern'a Cu'biti. It arises 
from the brachial, at the upper and anterior part 
of the forearm ; descends on the outer side as far 
as the lower part of the radius, and proceeds 
downwards and backwards towards the superior 
extremity of the space which separates the first 
two metacarpal bones. It then buries itself in 
the palm of the hand, where it forms the pro- 
found or radial palmar arch. The radial artery 
gives off the recurrent radial, several radio-mus- 
cular branches, the transverse palmar radio-carpal 
artery, the external superficial artery of the palm 
of the hand, the external dorsal of the thumb, the 
dorsalis carpi, dorsal interosseous artery of the 
index, <tc. > 
Radial Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
on which the radius is situated. - Barclay. Ra- 
diad is used by the same writer, adverbially, to 
signify ' towards the radial aspect.' 
739 
RADICAL 
RADIAL EXTERNE PREMIER, see Ra- 
dialis-r. Externe second, see Radialis-r. Grand, 
see Radialis. 
Radial Nerve, Radio-digital (Ch.), Spiral 
Nerve, Spiral muscular N., Musculo-spiral nerve, 
arises from the four inferior branches of the bra- 
chial plexus. It is, at first, situate behind the 
other nerves of the plexus. It then becomes en- 
gaged between the three portions of the triceps 
braehialis, passes behind the humerus, and de- 
scends between the supinator longus and bra- 
chialus internus, as far as opposite the upper ex- 
tremity of the radius. In its course it gives nu- 
merous filaments to the triceps, supinator longus, 
extensor carpi radialis longior, and to the inte- 
guments. Opposite the upper extremity of tRe 
radius it divides into two branches; - the one 
posterior, which turns backwards into the sub- 
stance of the supinator brevis, and when it has 
reached the space between the two layers of 
muscles on the posterior surface of the forearm, 
divides into a. great number of filaments, which 
are distributed to those muscles, and to the inte- 
guments of the hand. The other branch is ante- 
rior: it descends before the supinator brevis and 
the radius; until, near the inferior third of that 
bone, it engages itself between the tendons of the 
supinator longus and extensor carpi radialis lon- 
gior ; and, becoming afterwards subcutaneous, 
divides into two branches, whose filaments are 
distributed to the integuments of the thumb, 
index, middle finger, to the outside of the ring 
finger, and to the first interosseous muscle of the 
back of the hand. 
RADIAL PETIT, see Radialis. 
Radial Veins, Deep-Seated, follow the sam; 
course as the radial arterv. 
RADIA'LIS EXTER'NUS BRE'VIOR, Ex- 
ten'sor Carpi Radialis Bre'vior, Radialis secun < 
due, (F.) Second radial externe, Petit radial, 
Epicondylo-sus-metacarpien, (Ch.) An extensor 
muscle of the wrist, situate beneath the extensor 
carpi radialis longior. It is attached, above, to 
the external tuberosity of the humerus, and ter- 
minates below, by a. long tendon, inserted into 
the posterior part of the upper extremity of the 
third bone of the metacarpus. It has the same 
uses as the next muscle. 
Radia'lis Exter'nus Lon'gior, Extensor 
Carpi Radia'lis Lon'gior, Radialis externus pri- 
mus, (F.) Premier radial externe, Grand radial, 
Hnmiro sus-metacarpien, (Ch.) It is seated at 
the outer part of the forearm ; is thin, but thicker 
on the outside than on the inside. It is attached, 
above, to the inferior part of the outer edge, and 
to the corresponding tuberosity, of the humerus; 
and terminates, below, by a long tendon, which 
is attached to the superior extremity of the second 
bone of the metacarpus. It extends the hand on 
the forearm. 
Radialis Externus Brevior, see Radialis - 
r. Externus primus, see Radialis - r. Extensor 
longior, see Radialis-r. Internus, Palmaris mag- 
nus - r. Seeundus, see Radialis. 
RAD'IATED, Radia'tus, from radius, 'a ray:' 
(F.) Rayonni. That which is arranged in rays ; 
in lines, diverging from a common centre. An 
epithet given to several ligaments, <tc., as to 
those which unite the ribs to the sternum ; those 
which unite the tibia and fibula at their inferior 
extremity, &e. 
Radiated Substance of the Kidney, seo 
Kidney. 
RAD'ICAL, Radica'lis, from radix, 'a root.' 
A radical cure, cura radica'lis, is one in which 
the disease is destroyed, as it were, from the root. 
It is used in opposition to palliative cure. 
Radical Moisture, Humidum radicale. RADICES 
Radical Vessels, Vas'cular Rad'icles, (F.) 
Rudicules vaseulaires, are the small vessels that 
take their origin in the tissues, and by their 
union form larger vessels. 
RADICES OSSIS HYOIDEI, Cornua ossis 
hyoidei. 
RADICIS'ECA, from radix, radicis, 'a root,' 
and secure, 'to cut.' One employed in collecting 
aud preparing plants was formerly so called. 
RADICULA, Raphanus hortensis. 
RAUICULES VASCULAIRES, Radical ves- 
sels. 
RADII CILIARES, Ciliary processes. 
Radii Frontis. The folds or wrinkles of the 
forehead. 
RADIO - CARPAL, Radio-carpia'nus. That 
which relates to the radius and carpus. 
Radio-Carpal Articulation is the wrist joint, 
er articulation of the os scaphoides, os seinilunare, 
and os cuneiforme of the carpus with the inferior 
surface of the radius, and the fibro-cartilage, situ- 
ate below the ulna. It is strengthened by lateral, 
anterior, and posterior ligaments. 
Radio-Carpal Transverse Palmar Artery, 
,(F.) Artere Radio-carpienne-transversale - pal - 
tnaire. A transverse branch, given off by the 
radial artery, opposite the lower edge of the pro- 
nator quadratus, which sends several branches to 
the anterior or palmar surface of the carpus. 
RADIO-CUTANE (NERF,) see Cutaneous- 
r. Phalangettien du pouce, Flexor longus pollicis 
inanus. 
RADIOLUS, Sound. 
RADIO-MUS'CULAR, Radio-musctda'ris. A 
name given to the branches sent off from the ra- 
dial artery to the muscles of the forearm in the 
first part of its course; as well as to the nervous 
filaments which the radial nerve sends to the 
same muscles. 
RADIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RADISH, Raphanus hortensis-r. Water, Nas- 
turtium amphibium. 
RADIUS, 'a spoke:'-so called from its shape. 
Cercis, Foc"ile minus seu superius, Canna minor, 
Os adcubita'le, Additamen'tum ulnae, Manu'brium 
mantis, Parape'chyon, Arun'do bra'chii minor, 
(F.) Os du Rayon. A long, prismatic bone, the 
upper and lesser extremity of which is called the 
head. This is supported by a cervix or neck. 
At the part where the neck is confounded with 
the body of the bone is the tubercle or bicipital 
tuberosity or eminence for the insertion of the 
biceps. The radius is articulated, above, with 
the os humeri and with the lesser sigmoid cavity 
of the ulna: below, with the scaphoides, semilu- 
nare, and the head of the ulna. Its inferior ex- 
tremity, which is larger than the superior, is flat- 
tened before and behind : is irregularly quadri- 
lateral ; and has, below, a double facette to be 
articulated with the first two bones of the carpus. 
On the outer side is the styloid process; and, on 
the inner, a concave facette, which joins the ulna. 
Behind, are grooves for the passage of the exten- 
sor tendons. The radius is developed from three 
points of ossification; one for the body, and one 
for each extremity. 
RADIUS, COL DU, Collum radii. 
RA'DIX, Rhiza. A root: also, the male organ. 
Radix, Root or fang of a tooth, is the part con- 
tained in the alveolus. The radix or root of the 
nail is the portion hidden under the skin, <tc. 
Surgeons give the name to the prolongations, 
sent by scirrhous, cancerous, or other tumours 
into the neighbouring parts. 
Five Aperient Roots, Quinque radi'ces ape- 
rien'tes, were, of old, asparagus, butchers' broom, 
fennel, parsley, and smallage. 
■b ise Lesser Aperient Roots, Quinque radi'ces 
740 
RALE 
aperien'tes wino'res,- were caper, dandelion, 
eryngo, madder, and rest-harrow. 
Radix Asclepiadis Crispa, see Gomphocar- 
pus crispus - r. Braziliensis, Ipecacuanha. 
Radix Cordis, Basis Cordis. The base of the 
heart. 
Radix Indica Lopeziana, Lopez radix - r. 
Lingme, see Tongue-r. Lopeziana, Lopez radix 
-r. Ninsi, Sium ninsi-r. Rubra, Rubia-r. Ser- 
pentum, see Ophiorrhiza mungos - r. Unguis, 
Nail, root of-r. Ventris, Umbilicus. 
RADULA, Raspatorium. 
RADZYGE, Radzygin, Radesyge, Radezyge, 
Thee'ria, properly Theria, from fhipiov, ('sXkos,) 
'a malignant ulcer.' Lepra borea'lis seu Norve- 
gica, Norsve'gian Lep'rosy. A name given, in 
Norway, to a disease, bearing considerable ana- 
logy to the yaws. Some have esteemed it a spe- 
cies of lepra or elephantiasis. 
Another form - the Spedalske, or Spedalskhed 
-of Norway, appears to be a variety of elephan- 
tiasis Graecorum. 
RAGE, Ira, Furor brevis, Orge, Thymos, (F.) 
Colire. Violent passion, characterized by con- 
traction of the muscles of the face, violence in 
every movement, extreme irritation of the ner- 
vous system, acceleration of the blood's motion, 
and redness and swelling of the face. 
Rage, Rhage. 
RAGE, Hydrophobia. 
RAGWEED, Ambrosia elatior-r. Great, Am- 
brosia trifida. 
RAGWORT, Senecio Jacobeea. 
RAIDEUR CADAVERIQUE, Rigor mortis. 
RAIFORT, Raphanus hortensis - r. Sauvage, 
Cochlearia armoracia. 
RAINBOW-WORM, Herpes iris. 
RAINURE, Groove-r. Digastrique, Mastoid 
groove. 
RAISIN, see Vitis vinifera - r. d'Ameriqne, 
Phytolacca decandra-r. de Bois, Vaccinium 
myrtillus - r. d' Ours, Arbutus uva ursi - r. ds 
Renard, Paris. 
RAISINIERE (F.) A name given to a small 
granular, brownish or blackish tumour, which 
forms occasionally at the surface of the cornea 
in consequence of ulcers or accidental wounds of 
that membrane. - Nysten. 
RAISINS, Uvae passas, see Vitus vinifera-v. 
de Corinthe, see Vitus Corinthiaca. 
RAISON, Reason. 
RAKASIRA. An American balsam; of a 
brownish or brownish-red colour; semi-transpa- 
rent; brittle; softening and becoming tenacious 
by heat; inodorous when cold, but exhaling a 
very agreeable smell when heated ; and possessing 
a balsamic and slightly bitter taste. The precise 
vegetable that furnishes it is not known. It has 
been used chiefly as a balsam in gonorrhoea and 
urinary affections. 
RAKIA, see Spirit. 
RAKOSIS, Rachosis. 
RALE, Rattle, Rhonchus, Rhenchus, Rhenxis, 
from (D.) Rat el; Rhoncus, Cerchnus, Rhogmos, 
(F.) R&le. Noise produced by the air in passing 
through mucus, of which the lungs are unable to 
free themselves. This condition is chiefly obser- 
ved at the approach of death, and is commonly 
called, " the rattles." 
The term Rale has been given to different 
sounds during respiration, caused by the air 
passing through fluid contained in the bronchi, 
or areolae of the pulmonary tissue; which are 
perceived by the stethoscope. 
RALE BRONCHIQUE SEC, R&le sotwre-r. 
Bronchique humide, R. muqueux- r. Caverneux, 
Gurgling - r. Cacernuleux, see Gurgling-r. Ore- RALE 
pitant, Rhonchus crep'itans, see Crepitant-r. c. 
Redux, see Crepitant. 
RALE MUQUEUX, Rhon'chus muco'sus, Mu- 
cous Rattle, R. bronchique humide. The sound 
produced by the passage of air through mucus ac- 
cumulated in the larger bronchi or trachea, or 
through softened tubercular matter. This rale 
occurs in catarrh, and in softened tubercle. 
When carried to a very high degree, it consti- 
tutes gurgling, (F.) Gargouillement. The sub- 
crep'itant rhonchus, (F.) Rale sous-cripitant, is 
produced by the bubbling of air through liquid 
of variable consistence in the minute bronchial 
tubes. When heard at the base of both lungs, it 
is a sign of capillary bronchitis. When heard at 
one base only, it is generally connected with tu- 
berculosis higher up. 
RALE SIBILANT, Rhon'chus sib'ilus seu sib'- 
ilans, Sib'ilant Rattle. A slight, though pro- 
longed, whistling sound, occurring either at the 
commencement of inspiration, or of expiration, 
owing to the presence of mucus, thin and viscid, 
but not abundant, which obstructs, more or less 
completely, the smaller bronchial ramifications. 
It is seated in the small tubes, and occurs in 
the first stage of bronchitis. The clicking and 
whistling varieties differ, in the former being 
short, the latter prolonged. The former is a 
quick sharp sibilus or whistle, which ceases al- 
most instantaneously; the latter a prolonged 
sibulus, of less sharpness, lasting almost the 
whole time of the movement which it accompa- 
nies. To these may be added the Atmngr vari- 
ety, the name sufficiently indicating its character. 
RALE S0N011E, Rale bronchique sec, R. ron- 
flant, Rhonchus sono'rus, Sono'roue Rattle. A 
sound resembling at times the snoring-(F.) Ron- 
Jlement - of a person asleep ; at others the sound 
of the bass string of an instrument when rubbed 
with the finger, and not unfrequently the cooing 
-(F.) Roucoulement-of a dove. It seems to be 
caused by a contraction of the bronchial tubes, 
and is characteristic of chronic catarrh. 
RALE SOUS-CRE PITANT, see R&le mu- 
queux. 
RALE VESICULAIRE, see Crepitation. 
RAMEAU, Ramus. 
RAMEN'TA INTESTINO'RUM, (F.) Ra- 
clures des Boyaux. The shreds or scrapings, as it 
were, of the mucous membrane of the bowels, 
often discharged in malignant dysentery. The 
evacuation in which these are contained has been 
termed Diachore'ma xysmato' des. 
RAMENTUM, Fragment, Scobs. 
RAMEX, Hernia-r. Varicosus, Varicocele. 
RAMIFICA'TION, Ramifica'tio, from ram««, 
'a branch,' and fio, 'to become.' A division of 
arteries, veins, or nerves into branches. Also, a 
branch itself. 
RAMILLE, Ramusculus. 
RAMOLLISSEMENT, Mollities - r. du Cer- 
veau, Mollities cerebri-r. du Coeur, Cardiomala- 
cia-r. de V Estomac, Gastromalacia-r. du Foie, 
Hepatomalacia-r. Gris, see Hepatization-r. de 
la Moelle tpiniere, Mollities medulla) spinalis- 
r. Rouge, see Hepatization-r. de VIntestin, En- 
tero-malacia-r. des Os, Mollities ossium. 
RAMPANT, (F.) raniper, ' to climb.' Repens. 
Reptans. That which creeps or drags on the 
earth. The French Bandage rampant has the 
folds arranged spirally around the part, leaving 
intervals between them. It is a retentive ban- 
dage. but is easily displaced, and, therefore, not 
employed. 
RAMPES DU LIMACON, Scalte of the 
cochlea. 
741 
RANUNCULUS 
RAMPIIOS, Rostrum. 
RAMULUS, Ramusculus. 
RAMUNCULUS, Ramusculus. 
RAMUS, Clados, a branch, (F.) Rameau. A 
division of an artery, vein, or nerve. Also, the 
male organ. 
Ramus Durior Septima! Conjugationis, Fa- 
cial nerve. 
RAMUS'CULUS, Ram'nine, Ramun'cuius, 
Sur'culus, Cladis'cos, diminutive of ramus. A 
division of a ramus. (F.) Ramuscule, Ramille. 
RANA ESCULEN'TA, (F.) Grenouille. This 
frog and the bull-frog, Rana Tauri'na-are eaten 
as a delicacy. They are nutritious, aud easily 
digested. 
Rana, Ranula. 
RANCE-, Rancid. 
RANCID, Ran'cidus, Sapros, (F.) Rance, from 
rancere, 'to be stale.' An epithet given to fatty 
bodies, which have become acrid from age or the 
contact of air. Mild ointments may thus become 
very irritating, and unfit for the purposes for 
which they were originally intended. 
RANINE, • Rani'na ; from Rana, 'a frog.' 
The termination of the lingual artery is so called ; 
that is, the portion of the artery which advances 
horizontally between the genio-glossus and lin- 
gualis muscles as far as the point of the tongue. 
The ranine vein follows the same course as the 
artery, and opens into the internal jugular or in- 
to the superior thyroid. 
RAN'ULA, from Rana, 'a frog,' so called from 
its resemblance ; Dyspha'gia Ranula, Emphrag'- 
ma saliva're, Frog Tongue, Ba'trachos, Batra'- 
chium, Hydrogios'sa, Hypoglossis, Hypoglossum, 
Hypoglot'tis, Hypogios'slum, Rana, (F.) Grenouil- 
lette. A small, soft, fluctuating, and semi-trans- 
parent tumour, which forms under the tongue, 
owing to the accumulation of saliva in Wharton's 
duct. In order to give exit to the accumulated 
fluid, and to establish a permanent opening for 
the discharge of the saliva, the cyst may be punc- 
tued, and the opening maintained by a minute 
cylinder, with a button at each extremity, as has 
been recommended by Dupuytren; or a portion of 
the cyst may be removed by the scissors, and the 
mouth be frequently washed by any astringent 
lotion. Sometimes, the salivary duct is found 
plugged by a small calculus. 
Ranula Lapipea, see Calculi, salivary. 
RANUN'CULUS, (F.) Renoncule. Family 
Ranunculaceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygv- 
nia. A genus of plants, most of the species "of 
which, when taken internally, act as acrid poi- 
sons. See Poison. They are, also, acrid and 
vesicant, when applied to the skin, and have ac- 
cordingly been often used as countc*r-irritants. 
The following species answer to this description. 
Ranunculus Abortivus, Small flowered Crow- 
foot, Chicken-pepper. 
Ranunculus Acris, R. praten'sis seu Stevenii 
seu ru'fulus seu sylvat'icus seu Sic'ulus, Upright 
Meadow Crowfoot, Butter Cups, Yellow-weed, 
Blister-weed, Pilewort, Burwort, Meadow-bloom, 
Yellows, (F.) Bouton d'or. 
Ranunculus Albus, Anemone nemorosa. 
Ranunculus Aquaticus, R. sceleratus. 
Ranunculus Bulbo'sus, R. Icetus, Ranuncu- 
lus (Ph. U. S.), Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot, (F.) 
Renoncule bulbeuse, Bassinet. 
Ranunculus Digitatus, R. sceleratus. 
Ranunculus Declinatus, R. flammula. 
Ranunculus Fica'ria, Chelido'nium minus, 
Scrophula'ria minor, Fica'ria ranuneulo'i'des, 
seu verna seu commu'nis, Chelido'nia rotundifo'lia 
minor, Cur'suma hamorrhoida'lis herba, Ranun- RAPA 
cuius vernus seuprcecox AEgole'thron, Lesser celan- 
dine, Pilewort, (F.) Petite Chelidoine, Petite Ec- 
laire, Ficaire. The leaves and root have been 
used medicinally;-the leaves as an antiscorbu- 
tic ; the root as a cataplasm in piles. 
Ranunculus Flam'mula, R. declina'tus, Flam'- 
mula, Surrec'ta alba, Smaller Water Crowfoot, 
Lesser Spearwort, (F.) Petite Douve. 
Ranunculus Illyricus. 
Ranunculus Lingua. 
Ranunculus Laitus, R. bulbosus - r. Nemo- 
rosus, Anemone nemorosa-r. Palustris, R. sce- 
leratus - r. Pratensis, R. acris. 
Ranunculus Pennsylvanicus, Bristly Crow- 
foot. 
Ranunculus Pr.ecox, R. ficaria. 
Ranunculus Pubes'cens. Grows in ditches 
and marshes in South Africa. The expressed juice 
is used by the Cape Colonists in cancerous ulcers. 
Ranunculus Rufulus, R. acris. 
Ranunculus Scelera'tus, R. Palus'tris seu 
umbella'tus seu digita'tus seu aquat'icus, Risus 
A'pium, Hecato'nia pains' tris, Marsh Crowfoot. 
Ranunculus Siculus, R. acris - r. Stevenii, 
R. acris - r. Vernus, R. ficaria - r.. Virginianus, 
Lobelia syphilitica - r. Umbellatus, R. scelera- 
tus. 
RAPA NAPUS, Brassica rapa - r. Rotunda, 
Brassica rapa. 
RAPE, Brassica napus, Stuprum. 
RAPHANE'DON, from 'a radish, like 
a radish.' Rhaphanedon. A transverse fracture 
of a long bone, leaving no splinters ;-what has 
been called, in France, Fracture en rave. 
RAPHA'NIA, Convul'sio Raphania,Rhapha'- 
nia, iUorbus spasmod'icus malig'nus seu popula'- 
ris. M. Silesiacus, Eclamp'eia typho'des, Sync'- 
lonus Raphania. Linnceus gives this name to a 
convulsive disease, not uncommon in Germany 
and Sweden, and which has been attributed to 
the seeds of the Raph'anus Raphanis'trum seu 
sylves'tris, Raphanis'trum seg"etum seu arvense, 
Rapistrum, being mixed with the corn. The con- 
vulsions are seated in the limbs, and are attended 
with acute pain. See Convulsio cerealis. 
Raphania Maiztica, Pellagra. 
RAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis-r. Magna, 
Cochlearia armoracia. 
RHAPHANISTRUM ARVENSE, see Ra- 
phania. 
RAPHANUS, R. hortensis. 
Raph'anus Horten'sis, Raphanus, R. sati'vus 
seu niger, Raph'anis, Rhaph'anus, Radic'ula, 
Rhaphys, Raphys, Rhaps, Rapys, Radish, (F.) 
Raifort, Radis. Family, Cruciferre, Sex. Syst. 
Tetradynamia Siliquosa. The root of this plant 
is a common esculent. It has, also, been given 
as a diuretic in calculous affections. The juice, 
made into a syrup, is exhibited to relieve hoarse.- 
ness. Radishes have long been celebrated as an- 
ti-scorbuties. 
Raphanus Marinus, Cochlearia armoraeia - 
r. Raphanistrum, see Raphania - r. Rusticanus, 
Cochlearia armoracia - r. Sylvestris, see Rapha- 
nia. 
RAPHE, Rhaphe, 'a suture.' A name given to 
prominent lines resembling a raised stitch. Such 
is the raphe or tramis which divides the scrotum 
into two parts, and which extends from the ante- 
rior part of the anus to the extremity of the pe- 
nis. The name Raphe seu Linea ifedia'na seu 
Sutu'ra cor'poris callo'si exter'na seu chorda lon- 
gitudina'lis, is, also, given to two prominent lines 
which are longitudinal and parallel, and are 
seen at the upper surface of the corpus callosum, 
extending from the anterior to the posterior ex- 
tremity of that commissure. 
742 
RASTETA 
RAPHEX, Chenopodium vulvaria. 
RAPHIANKIS'TRON, from patyiov, 'a needle/ 
and ayKicrrpov, 'a hook.' An instrument em- 
ployed in the formation of artificial pupil. 
RAPHION, Needle. 
RAPHIS, Needle. 
RAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RAPISTRUM, see Raphauia. 
RAPPORT (F.), Rela'tio, Renuncia'tio. A 
deposition made by a physician or surgeon to 
prove the condition of a person, the nature of a 
disease, the existence or non-existence of preg- 
nancy, sudden or violent death, Ac. Formerly, 
there were the Rapports dinonciatifs, made at the 
desire of the injured or their friends, and intended 
to point out to the judges the details of the crime 
or misdemeanor, - the Rapports provisoires, the 
object of which was to obtain provisions for the 
injured individual, both as regarded food and 
medicine, and to defray the expenses of prosecu- 
tion;-and Rapports mixtes, or those which were 
both dinonciatifs and provisoires. At present, 
reports or depositions are generally divided into 
judiciary, or those which serve to throw light on 
the subject matter of any civil or criminal cause; 
and administrative, which afford information on 
subjects relating to any branch of the public ad- 
ministration, as on the nuisance, or otherwise, of 
certain establishments, the character of any epi- 
demic, Ac. 
RAPPORT, Eructation. 
RAPTUS POST-TERGANEUS, Opisthotonos. 
RAPUM MAJUS, Brassica rapa. 
RAPUNTIUM SYPHILITICUM, Lobelia sy- 
philitica. 
RAPURE, Rasura. 
RAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RAQUETTE, Cactus opuntia. 
RAREFA'CIENS, Rarifa-'dens, AroeoPicus, 
(F.) Rarifiant from rams, 'rare,' and facere, 'to 
make.' Medicines were so termed, which were 
supposed to be possessed of the power of giving 
more bulk or extension to the blood or other 
humours. 
RAREFIANT, Rarefaciens. 
RAR IFACIENS, Rarefaciens. 
RA'RITAS, (F.) Rarete. Rarity; scantiness; 
fewness. 
Raritas Den'tium. A large space between the 
teeth, which appear to be, and may be, too few. 
RASCATIO, Excreation. 
RASCETA, Carpus, Malleolus - r. Pedis, Tar- 
sus. 
RASCHA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
RASETA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
RASETTA, Carpus, Malleolus. 
RASH, Exanthem - r. Fever, Scarlatina - r. 
Lichenous, Lichen-r. Mulberry, see Typhus-r. 
Nettle, Urticaria-r. Rose, Roseola-r. Summer, 
Lichen tropicus - r. Tooth, Strophulus. 
RASOIR, Razor. 
RASORISM. The Italian medical doctrine 
of contro-stimulus, of which Rasori was the 
founder. 
RASORIUM, Raspatorriuin. 
RASPATO'RIUM, Raso'rium, Rat'ula, Scal- 
prum raso'rium, Xyster, Xyste'rium, Xystrum, 
Rad'ula, Runci'na, Runcin'ula, Scalprum, (F.) 
Engine, Grattoir. An instrument used for rasp- 
ing bones, to detach the periosteum, - either in 
certain surgical operations, or for anatomical pur- 
poses. 
RASPBERRY, Rubus idseus-r. Ground, Hy- 
drastis Canadensis-r. Wild, Rubus strigosus. 
RASSETA PEDIS, Tarsus. 
RASTETA, Carpus, Malleolus. RASURA 
RASU'RA, Xysma, Xysmos, (F.) R&pure, from 
radere, rasum, ' to scrape.' A rasure, or scratch, 
or erosion. Also, the rasping or shaving of any 
substance; as Rasu'ra Cornu Cervi, Hartshorn 
shavings. 
Rasura, Scobs. 
RATAFI'A. A liquor preparer! by imparting 
to ardent spirits the flavour of various kinds of 
fruits, adding sugar. 
RATANHY, Krameria ratanhia-r. of the An- 
tilles, Krameria ixina. 
RATE, Spleen. 
RATELEUX, Spleneticus. 
RATELIER, see Dentier. 
RATIO, Rati on a'litas, from rear, ratus, 'to 
think.' A reason, a cause, an explanation, a 
mode or manner; as Ratio symptom'aturn, an ex- 
planation of the symptoms, - Ratio meden'di, 
Genus curatio'nis, Via curandi; the mode or 
manner of cure. 
Ratio, Reason - r. Medendi, see Ratio - r. 
Symptomatum, see Ratio. 
RAT"IONAL, Rationa'lis. That which is 
conformable to reason. This epithet is often op- 
posed to empirical; as rational treatment. The 
French, also, say Signes rationales, in opposition 
to Signes sensibles. See Organic. 
RATIONALITAS, Ratio. 
RATSBANE, Arsenious acid. 
RATTLE, Rale. 
RATTLES, THE, see Rale. 
RATTLEBUSII, Sophora tinctoria. 
RATTLESNAKE, Crotalus horridus-r. Leaf, 
Goodyera pubescens - r. Plantain, Goodyera pu- 
bescens-r. Root, Nabalus albus, Polygala senega, 
Trillium latifolium-r.Weed, Hieracium venosum. 
RATTLESNAKE'S MASTER, Agave Virgi- 
nica, Liatris scariosa, Nabalus albus. 
RATTLEWEED, Actsea racemosa. 
RATULA, Raspatorium. 
RAUCE'DO, Rau'citas, Parapho'nia rauca, 
Asper'itas Arte'rice as'perce, Vox rauca, Bron- 
chus, Hoarseness, (F.) Enrouement, Rauciti. A 
change in the voice, which loses its smoothness 
and becomes low and obscure. It is a common 
symptom in diseases of the larynx and trachea. 
Raucedo Catarrha'lis. Hoarseness from 
cold. 
RAUCITAS, Raucedo. 
RAUCITE, Raucedo. 
RAUCOUS, Raucus. Hoarse; as a raucous 
voice- Vox rauca seu raueis'ona. 
RA VE, Brassica rapa. 
RA YONNE, Radiated. 
RAYONS SOUS-IRIENS, Ciliary processes. 
RAZOR, Colter Tonsor'ius, Macha'ris, Norac'- 
tila, Xyrum, Xyrus, (F.) Rasoir, from radere, 
rasum, 'to shave.' An instrument for shaving. 
Used in surgery to remove hairs, where they 
would interfere with any operation. 
REACHING, Vomiturition. 
REAC'TION, Reac'tio, from re, 'again,' and 
agere, actum, 'to act.' An action of resistance 
to a power applied. A species of vital move- 
ment or excitement, tending to prevent or de- 
stroy the effects of any noxious power applied to 
the animal economy, and which, by some, has 
been attributed to the vis medicatrix natures. 
It is certainly dependent on the organic instinc- 
tive actions of the frame. It is the state of acti- 
vity which succeeds the action on the nervous 
system of certain morbific influences. 
REAL'GAR, Realgal, Arlada, Arladar, Auri- 
pigmen'tum rubrum, Arsen'icum rubrum facti"- 
tium, Abessi, Sandara'cha Graeo'rum, Red Sul- 
743 
RECLINATION 
ph-uret of Mercury. A violent poison. See 
Poison. 
REASON, Ra'tio, Logos, (F.) Raison. Same 
etymon as Ratio. The faculty or property of the 
mind by means of which man perceives the dis- 
tinction between right and wrong, in physics as 
well as in morals. Reason is a just conclusion 
resulting from the comparison of two ideas, by 
virtue of which we form a judgment. 
REBOLEA, Mummy. 
REBONA, Mummy. 
REBOUTEUR, Renoueur. 
RECEIV'ER, Ampulla, (F.) Ballon, Recipient. 
In pharmacy, a wide-necked globular vessel, the 
neck of which widens gradually outwards, to 
receive the tapering beak of the retort in distilla- 
tion. Like the retort, the receiver may be plain 
or tubulated. 
A quilled receiver is one that has a tapering 
tube from its lower surface, which is inserted into 
a graduated bottle through a cork joint, when it 
is desirable to know accurately the amount of 
fluid that has passed over. 
RECEPTACULA DURA3 MATRIS, Sinuses 
of the dura mater. 
RECEPTAC'ULUM CHYLI, 'receptacle of 
the chyle;' R. Pecquet'i seu Pecquetia'num, Di- 
verse' rium Chyli, Stagnum chyli, Sac'culus chy'- 
lifer seu ro'rifer, Saccus lac'teus, Al'veus ampul- 
lo'sus seu ampulles'cens, Utric'ulus lacteus, Ve- 
sic'ula chyli, Ampul'la chylif'era seu chyli, Cis- 
ter'na lumba'ris, C. Chyli, Chylocys'tis, Chylodo- 
chi'um, Lat'ices lactei, Lumbar cistern, Reservoir 
of Pecquet, (F.) Reservoir du chyle, R. de Pec- 
quet, Citerne lombaire. A considerable dilatation 
of the thoracic duct, in front of the lumbar region 
of the vertebral column. It is the commence- 
ment of the duct. 
Receptac'ulum Cotun'nii. A triangular 
space, formed by a separation of the two laminae 
of the dura mater of the internal ear, near the 
middle of the posterior surface of the pars pe- 
trosa of the temporal bone, where the aquaeduc- 
tus vestibuli terminates. It is always filled with 
the Fluid of Cotugno. 
Receptaculum Pecqueti, R. Chyli-r. Sell® 
equime lateribus apposituin, Cavernous sinus. 
RECEPTIV'ITY, Receptiv'itas, (F.) Ricepti- 
vite, from recipere, receptum, ' to receive.' A 
word used by Tissot to express the susceptibility 
of certain organs to receive morbific impressions. 
RECEPTUM, Prescription. 
RECESSIO, Paroxysm. 
RECESSUS, Abscess, Sinus - r. Sulciformis, 
see Fovea vestibuli. 
RECHAMALCA, Rachamelca. 
RECHUTE, see Relapse. 
RECIDIVA MORBI, Relapse. 
RECIDIVE, see Relapse. 
REC"IPE, (L.) (re, and capere, 'to take.') 
A Latin word which signifies 'take,' (F.) Prenez, 
and with which prescriptions are commenced. 
It is, often, represented by R, B, and was for- 
merly by 4, the symbol of Jove. See Abbrevia- 
tion. 
RECIPTENT, Receiver. 
RECIPROCATION, VIBRATIONS OF, see 
Sound. 
RECLINATIO, Reclination - r. Palpebrarum, 
Ectropion. 
RECLINA'TION, Reclina'tio, from reclinare, 
(re, and clinare, 'to bend,') 'to bend back.' A 
mode of operating for the cataract, which con 
sists in applying the needle in a certain manner 
to the anterior surface of the cataract and de- 
pressing it into the vitreous humour, in such a 
way, that the front surface of the cataract is the 
upper one and its back surface the lower one. RECLUSOR 
RECLUSOR PALPEBRARUM, Levator pal- 
pebral superioris. 
RECOMPOSITION, Metasynchrisis. 
RECONVALESCENTIA, Convalescence. 
RECORDATIO, Memory. 
RECORDATUS, Memory. 
RECORPORATIVUS, Metasyncritic. 
RECOVERY, Restauratio. 
RECREATIO, Restauratio. 
REC'REMENT, Recremen'tum, from re, and 
cernere, cretum, ' to sift.' A humour, which, after 
having been separated from the blood, is again 
returned to it; such as the saliva, the secretion 
of serous membranes, Ac. Such fluid is said to 
be recrementitial, (F.) Recrementeux, Recremen- 
titiel. 
RECREMENTA VESICJE, Urine. 
RECREMEN'TO- EXCREMENTITTAL. 
Applied to secreted fluids, as the saliva, bile, Ac., 
which are in part reabsorbed and in part excreted. 
RECREMENTUM, Recrement. 
RECRUDESCEN'TIA, Palineote'sis, Recru- 
descence, from re, 'again,' and crudiis, 'raw.' 
An increase of a disease after a temporary re- 
mission. 
RECTAL, Recta'lis. Appertaining, or relating 
to, the rectum, - as ' rectal tube.' See Tube, 
rectal. 
RECTIFICATION, Rectifica'tio, from rectum 
facere, ' to make right.' An operation by which 
certain liquids are purified by distilling them 
either singly or after admixture with other sub- 
stances. 
RECTI'TIS. A hybrid word, from rectum, 
and itis, denoting inflammation ; properly archi- 
tig, or proctitis. Inflammation of the rectum. 
Proctitis, Proctal'gia infiammato'ria. 
RECTOSTENOSIS, Stricture of the rectum. 
RECTO-VAGTNAL, Recto-vagina'lis. That 
which relates or belongs to the rectum or vagina. 
Recto-vaginal Fistula is owing to a preter- 
natural communication between the rectum and 
vagina, through the above septum. 
Recto-vaginal Septum, (F.) Cloison recto- 
vaginale, is formed by the junction - back to 
back - (or by what the French term adossement) 
of the rectum and vagina. It separates these 
two canals from each other. 
RECTO-VES'ICAL, Recto-vesica'lie. Having 
relation to the rectum and bladder; as the "recto- 
vesical fold or pouch" of the peritoneum, between 
the rectum and bladder. 
RECTUM; so called from a notion that it is 
straight. It is not so. Intesti'num Rectum, 
Apeuthys'menoe, Euthyen'teron, Longaon, Longas, 
Longanon, Archos, Cys'saros, Princeps, Monoco'- 
lon (?). The third and last portion of the great 
intestine. It forms the continuation of the sig- 
moid flexure of the colon, occupies the posterior 
part of the pelvis, and extends from the left side 
of the sa.cro-vertebral articulation to the coccyx, 
before which it opens outwards by the orifice 
called the anus. It is cylindrical, but saccated, 
as it were, at its inferior portion, where it is con- 
sequently larger, and is attached to the sacrum 
by the mesorectum. Like the other portions of 
the canal it is formed of three membranes. To- 
wards the lower extremity, some parallel and 
longitudinal wrinkles are observable on its inner 
surface : these are the Columns, Colum'nee car'- 
nece of the Rectum or of Morgagni, (F.) Colonnes 
du rectum ou de Morgagni. They are merely 
folds of the mucous membrane, between which is 
a number of Lacunae. The arteries of the rectum 
are numerous. They proceed from the inferior 
mesenteric, hypogastric, and internal pudic, and 
are called hemorrhoidal. The veins open, partly 
744 
RECTUS 
into the hypogastric vein, partly into the inferior 
mesenteric. The nerves proceed from the sciatic 
and hypogastric plexuses. The rectum receives 
the faecal matters, as they pass from the colon, 
which serves as a. reservoir. 
RECTUS ABDOM'INIS, (F.) Pubio-sternal, 
Sterno-pubien (Ch.), Droit de I'abdomen. A long 
flat muscle, situate at the anterior part of the 
abdomen, and separated from that of the opposite 
side by the linea alba. It is attached, above, to 
the cartilages of the last three true ribs; and, 
below, to the pubis by a very strong tendon, the 
outer edge of which is continuous with the fascia 
transversalis. This muscle is enclosed in an 
aponeurotic sheath; and, in its course, has three 
or four transverse aponeurotic intersections. It 
bends the chest on the pelvis, and conversely. 
Rectus Anterior Brevis, Rectus capitis in- 
ternus minor - r. Anterior longus, R. capitis in- 
ternus major-r. Capitis anticus longus, R. c. 
internus major. 
Rectus Capitis Internes Major, R. internus 
major, R. anterior longus, Rectus capitis auti'cus 
longus, (F.) Trachelo-basilaire, Grand droit an- 
terieur de la tete. This muscle is long in pro- 
portion to its breadth, flat, and broader above 
than below. It is situate at the anterior and 
lateral part of the neck, and arises from the 
transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, 
and sixth cervical vertebrae. It is inserted into 
the basilary process of the occipital bone. 
Rectus Capitis Internus Minor, R. internus 
minor, Ren'uens, An'nuens, R. anterior breris, 
(F.) Petit trachilo-basilaire, Petit droit anterieur 
de la tete. This is situate deeper than the last. 
It is thin, flattened, irregularly quadrilateral, 
and passes from the anterior surface of the body 
of the first vertebra, near the origin of the trans- 
verse process, to be inserted into the basilary 
process. 
Rectus Capitis Latera'lis, R. lateralis Fol- 
io'pii, Transversa'lis anti'cue primus, Rectus late- 
ralis, (F.) Trachelo-atlo'ido-basilaire, Atloido- 
sous-occipital (Ch.), Droit lateral de la tete. 
There is a muscle of this name on each side of 
the head. It is flat, quadrilateral, and passes 
from the transverse process of the atlas to the 
occiput, behind the jugular fossa. It inclines the 
head to one side. 
Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Major, R. Major, 
R. Capitis posti'cus minor (Albinus), Spini-ax- 
oido-occipita'lis, (F.) Axo'ido-occipitale (Ch.), 
Grand droit posterieur de la tete. A flat, trian- 
gular muscle, situate at the posterior and superior 
part of the neck. It extends from the spinous 
process of the second cervical vertebra to the 
external surface of the lower semicircular ridge 
of the occipital bone. This muscle extends the 
head, inclines it to one side, and causes it to ex- 
perience a rotary motion, which directs the face 
to its side. 
Rectus Capitis Posti'cus Minor, R. minor, 
(F.) Tuber-atlo'ido-occipital, Atlo'ido- occipital 
(Ch.), Petit droit posttrieur de la tete. A flat, 
triangular muscle, situate beneath the last, which 
passes from the posterior arch of the atlas to the 
occipital bone. It extends the head. 
Rectus Capitis Posticus Minor, R. c. p. 
major-r. Cruris, R. femoris. 
Rectus Externus Oculi, Abductor oculi, In- 
dignabun'dus, Indignato'rius, Iracun'dus, Oc'u- 
lum movens seeun'dtts, Orbito - extus-scle rotici en. 
All the recti muscles of the eye, four in number, 
arise from the bottom of the orbit, and are in- 
serted into the sclerotic coat of the eye. The 
Rectus externus, (F.) Droit externe. Irascible OU 
Abducteur, is divided, at its posterior extremity, 
into two portions, one of which is attached to the RECUBITORIUM 
outer part of the foramen opticum, and the other 
to the sphenoid bone. 
Rectus Fem'oris, Rectus sive Grac"ilis ante- 
rior, Rectus cruris, (F.) Ilio-rotulien, Droit ante- 
rieur de la cuirse. A straight muscle, seated at 
the anterior part of the thigh. It extends from 
the anterior and inferior spine of the ilium and 
the cotyloid cavity of the patella. This muscle 
extends the leg upon the thigh, and conversely. 
It can, also, bend the thigh upon the pelvis or 
carry the pelvis forward. 
Rectus Inferior Oculi, Depres'sor oculi, Tim.'- 
idus, Dep'rimens, Hu'milis, Oc'ulum movens quar- 
tus, (F.) Sous-optico-sqiheno-scle.roticien, Droit in- 
ferieur ou abaisseur de I'oeil, Muscle humble, 
arises below the optic foramen, from the sphenoid 
bone. It depresses the eye. 
Rectus Internus Oc'uli, Addu'cens oculi, Bi- 
bito'rius, Oculi adductor, Oculum movens primus, 
(F.) Orbito-intus-scleroticien, Droit interne de 
I'oeil ou adducteur ou buveur. It arises from the 
sphenoid at the inferior part of the foramen opti- 
cum. It turns the eye towards the nose. 
Rectus Superior Oculi, Attol'lens oculi, At- 
tol'lens oc'ulum, Leva'tor oculi, Superbus, Eleva'- 
tor oculi, Oculum movens tertius, (F.) Sus-optico- 
sphOio-scleroticien, Droit superieur ou elevateur 
de I'oeil, Dedaigneur, is attached to the circum- 
ference of the foramen opticum. 
All the recti muscles are concerned in the 
voluntary motions of the eye. The oblique mus- 
cles have been supposed by Sir C. Bell to execute 
the involuntary.f?] 
Rectus Irferior Femoris, Gracilis - r. In- 
ternus major, R. capitis internus major - r. In- 
ternus minor, R. capitis internus minor - r. La- 
teralis, R. capitis lateralis - r. Lateralis Fallopii, 
R. capitis lateralis-r. Major, R. capitis posticus 
major - r. Minor, R. capitis posticus minor. 
RECUBITORIUM, Anaclinterium. 
RECUPERATION, Restauratio. 
RECU'PERATIVE, Recu'peratory, from recu- 
peratio, 'recovery.' Restorative. Recovering. 
Belonging to recovery. 
RECUR'RENT, Recur'rens, from recurrere, 
(re, and cvrrere), 'to run back.' A name given 
to several arterial and nervous branches, which 
seem to re-ascend towards the origin of the trunk 
whence they emanate. 
Recurrent Arteries. This name has been 
given to several arteries of the forearm, and to 
one of the leg. In the forearm, there are, 1. The 
Radial recurrent, Artire ricurrente de Vipicon- 
dyle (Ch.), which arises from the superior part 
of the radial, and ascends between the supinator 
longus, s. brevis, and the brachialis internus. 2. 
The anterior cubital recurrent, A. ricurrente de 
Vtpitrochlee (Ch.), which arises from the upper 
and inner part of the cubital, and ascends be- 
tween the pronator teres and brachialis internus. 
3. The posterior cubital recurrent, which arises 
from the preceding artery, or from the cubital 
itself, and ascends between the olecranon and in- 
ternal tuberosity of the humerus. 4. The poste- 
rior radial recurrent, A. recurrente olecranienne 
(Ch.). It arises from the posterior interosseous, 
and ascends between the posterior cubital and 
anconeus muscles. In the leg, - the Arteria re- 
currens tibia'lis, A. recurrente du genou (Ch.), is 
furnished by the anterior tibial, and ascends to 
the tibialis antieus muscle. 
Recurrent Bandages are formed by convo- 
lutions of the bandages, which make a kind of 
cap for the part - as the head - to which they 
are applied. 
RECURVATIO, see Hump. 
RECUTITUS, Apella. 
REDBEAN, Abrus precatorius. 
745 
REGIMEN 
REDBERRY, Arbutus uva ursi, Gaultheria, 
Panax quinquefolium - r. Bitter, Cornus Florida 
RED HEAD, Asclepias Carassavica-r. Root, 
Celastrus, Sanguinaria Canadensis - r. Swamp, 
Vaccinum oxycoccos. 
REDIMICULUM, Diadema. 
REDINGOTES ANGLAISES, see Condom. 
REDINTEGRATIO, Regeneration, Restau- 
ratio. 
REDIVIA, Paronychia. 
REDONDANCE, Plethora. ♦ 
REDOUBLEMENT, Exacerbation, Paroxysm. 
REDS, Menses. 
REDUCTIO, Taxis - r. Praeputii Impedita, 
Phimosis. 
REDUC'TION, Reduc'tio, Reposit"io, Resti- 
tu'tio, Diap'lasis, Diaplas'mus, Syntax'is, from 
re, and ducere, ductum, 'to lead.' A surgical 
operation, the object of which is to restore dis- 
placed parts to their original situation. Thus, 
we say the reduction of a luxation, when the 
displaced parts are again brought to their proper 
relative situation. The reduction of a hernia is 
the restoration of the protruded parts to the ca- 
vity of the abdomen. This is, also, called Taxis. 
In pharmacy, the process of restoring oxides, 
chlorides, sulphurets, &c., to the metallic state. 
REDUNDANTIA, Plethora. 
REDUVIA, Paronychia. 
REED MACE, Typha latifolia. 
REFECTIO, Restauratio. 
REFECTIVA, Analeptica. 
REFECTUS, Restauratio. 
REFICIENTIA, Analeptica. 
REFLECTION, Duplicature. 
REFLEC'TOR EPIGLOT'TIDIS. A muscle, 
which arises from the arytenoid cartilage and in- 
ner part of the thyroid, and is inserted into the 
lateral edges of the epiglottis. 
REFLEX SYSTEM OF NERVES, see 
Nerves. 
REFLEXIO PALPEBRARUM, Ectropion. 
REFRAC'TION, Refrac'tio, Photoeamp'sis, 
Dia'clasis, from re, and frango, ' I break.' The 
change of direction which rays of light experience 
when they pass obliquely from one medium into 
another of different density. If the light passes 
from a rarer to a denser medium, it approaches 
the perpendicular raised at the point of immer- 
sion. The contrary occurs, when it goes from a 
denser to a rarer medium. The theory of lenses, 
telescopes, and of the eye, rests entirely on this 
property of light. 
REFRAICHISSANTS, Refrigerants. 
REFRIGERANT, see Alembic. 
REFRIG"ERANTS, Refrigeran'tia, Psych'ti- 
ca, Antither'ma, Frigefacien'tia, (F.) Refraichis- 
sans, Rffrigeratifs, from re, and frigere, ' to cool.' 
Medicines which depress the morbid temperature 
of the body. The chief reputed refrigerants are 
the Potass® Nitras(?), the Sod® Boras (?), but 
chiefly the abstraction of caloric by ice and ice- 
drinks, cold water, cold lemonades, soda-water, 
and effervescing draughts internally; and exter- 
nally, cool air, cold water, evaporating lotions, 
and frigorific mixtures. 
REFRIGERATIFS, Refrigerants. 
REFRIGERATOR, see Alembic. 
REGENERATIO, Reproduction. 
REGENERA'TION, Regenera'tia, Palingene'- 
sia, Redintegra'tio, from re, and generare, 'to 
beget.' Reproduction of a part of the body, 
which has been destroyed. 
REG"IMEN, from regere, 'to govern.' The 
rational and methodical use of food, and of every 
thing essential to life; both in a state of health 
and disease. It is often restricted, in its mean- REGINA 
:ng, to Diet. It is sometimes used synonymously 
with hygiene. 
REGINA PRATI, Spiraea ulmaria. 
RE GIO, Region. 
Regio Auricularis. The region of the ear. 
Regio Bucca'lis. The region of the cheeks. 
Regio Cardiaca, Epigastric region. 
Regio Cervica'lis. The region of the neck. 
The cervical region. 
Regio Ei'IGAStrica, Epigastrium. 
Regio Facia'lis. The facial region. 
Regio Frontalis. The frontal region. 
Regio Gastrica, Umbilical region - r. Hypo- 
gastrica, see Hypogastrium-r. Hypochondriaca, 
Hypochondre-r. Iliaca, Iliac region-r. Ingui- 
nalis, Inguinal region - r. Ischiadica, Ischiadic 
region - r. Jugalis, Jugal region - r. Lumbalis, 
Lumbi-r. Mentalis, Mental region-r. Mesogas- 
trica, Umbilical region-r. Nasalis, Nasal region 
-r. Nuchae, Nuchal region-r. Nuehalis, Nuchal 
region-r. Occipitalis, Occiput-r. Occipitalis in- 
ferior, Nuchal region - r. Perinaei, Perinaeum- 
r. Praecordiaca, Praecordial region - r. Pubis, 
Pubic region - r. Stomachalis, Epigastric region 
-r. Stomachica, Epigastric region-r. Tempora- 
lis. Temple-r. Umbilicalis, Umbilical region. 
RE'GtON, Re'gio. Same etymon. Anatomists 
have called regions, determinate spaces on the 
surface of the body or of different organs. Thus, 
the abdomen has been divided into several; to 
which different names have been given. See 
Abdomen, Epigastrium, Hypochondrium, Hypo- 
gastrium. 
REGION OMBILICALE, Umbilical region. 
REGIONAL ANATOMY, see Anatomy. 
REGLES, Menses - r. DevRs, Menstruation, 
vicarious-r. Difficiles, Dysmenorrhoea. 
REGLISSE, Glycyrrhiza. 
REGLUTINATIO, Decollement. 
REGNE ANIMAL, see Animal. 
REG'ULAR, Regula'ris, from regula, 'a rule.' 
According to rule. Applied to the types of a 
disease, and to the pulse, when according to 
rule. 
Regular Practit"ioner. One who practises 
his profession according to the rules established 
by law or custom. 
REGULUS ANTIMONII, Antimonium. 
REGURGITA'TION, Regurgita'tio. The act 
by which a canal or reservoir frees itself, without 
effort, from substances accumulated in it. Usu- 
ally, it is applied to the puking or posseting of 
infants; and to the rising of solids or fluids into 
the mouth in the adult,-from re, and gorge, 'the 
throat.' What is called " vomiting at pleasure" 
is regurgitation. 
The substances brought into the mouth by re- 
gurgitation, the French call Renvois. 
REIN, Kidney. 
HEINE DES PRES, Spiraea ulmaria. 
REINERZ, MINERAL WATERS OF. Rein- 
erz is a small town in Silesia, three German miles 
from Glatz. The waters are acidulous chaly- 
beates. The principal springs are the tepid 
drinking spring, the cold spring, and three bath- 
ing springs. 
REINFORCE'MENT, FASCIC'ULUS OF, F. 
Cunea'tus. A band of fibres from the corpus in- 
nominatum, or lateral part of the antero-lateral 
column of the medulla, which is continued up 
behind and around the corpus olivare, is lined on 
its inner or central surface with cineritious sub- 
stance, enlarges as it ascends, passes over the 
upper surface of the pons Varolii, and is expanded 
into the optic thalamus. It thus forms, in its 
course, the anterior paries of the fourth ventricle, 
and is brought into view by brus hing away the 
746 
REMISSION 
tuberculum cinereum or gray matter of the ven- 
tricle. The band has received these names owing 
to its constantly increasing as it ascends, and be- 
ing mixed up with gray matter on its inner face, 
from which it seems to derive new fibres. 
REINS, Kidneys, Lumbi. 
REJEC'TIO, Anago'ge, from re, and jacere, 
'to cast.' Every excretion by the mouth; spit- 
ting, expectoration, regurgitation, or vomiting. 
Rejectio Sanguinis e Pulmonibus, Haemop- 
tysis. 
REJUVENES'CENCE, Rejuvenescen'tia, from 
re, ' again, and juvenescens, ' growing young 
(juvenis, 'a youth'). A renewal of youth. The 
state of being young again. The assumption of 
the characteristics of youth by the aged. 
RELACHEMENT, Relaxation. 
RELAPSE, Hypot'rope, Epis'trophe, Hypos'- 
trophe, Morbi recidi'va, Hypotropias'mus, from 
re, 'again,' and labor, 'I fall down.' The return 
of a disease, during, or shortly after, convales- 
cence. The French use Rechute in this sense ; 
and Recidive (Morbus recidi'vus) for the return 
of a complaint, at a greater or less period after 
the complete restoration of health. 
The terms Relapsing fever, Short fever, Five- 
day fever, Seven-day fever, Bil'ious Remitt'ent 
fever, Remitting Icteric fever, and Mild Yellow 
fever, have been given to a form of continued 
fever, which has occasionally appeared epidemi- 
cally, as in Edinburgh, in 1843 and 1847, and 
was generally attended with icteric symptoms. 
The main phenomena disappeared at about the 
end of a week; but in many eases a relapse oc- 
curred about the end of a fortnight. Few died 
of the affection. 
RELAPSING FEVER, see Relapse. 
RELATIO, Rapport. 
RELATION, FUNCTIONS OF, see Function. 
RELAX'ANT, Laxans, Malact'icum, Chalas'- 
ticum, Paret'icum, (F.) Relachant, from re, and 
laxare, 'to loose.' A medicine which diminishes 
the tension of organs. Mucilaginous and fatty 
substances are relaxants. 
RELAXANTIA, Emollients. 
RELAXATIO CORDIS ET ARTERIARUM, 
Diastole. 
RELAXA'TION, Relaxa'tio. Same etymon. 
Chain'sis, Chalas'mos, (F.) Relachement. In Phy- 
siology, relaxation is opposed to contraction. In 
Pathology, it means great looseness of a part. 
RELEVEUR DE L'ANUS, Levator ani - 
r. de la Livre inferieure, Levator labii inferioris 
- r. du Menton, Levator labii inferioris - r. de 
VOmoplate, Levator scapulae--r. de la Prostate, 
Levator prostatas- r. de I'Urethre, Levator ure- 
thrae. 
RELIQUAT, (F.) The remnant or remains 
of a disease. 
REMAK FIBRES, see Fibres, Remak. 
REMANSIO MENSIUM, Amenorrhoea. 
REMEDE, Clyster, Medicament - r. du Ca- 
puchin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici-r. de Durand, 
Liquor anodynus terebinthinatus - r. du Due 
d'Antin, Liquor hydrargyri nitrici. 
REMEDIAL, Medicinal. 
REMEDIATE, Medicinal. 
REMEDILESS, Incurable. 
REMEDIUM, Juvans, Medicament - r. Den- 
tifricium, Dentifrice. 
REMEDY. Medicament-r. English, Cinchona. 
REMISSIO, Decline, Remission - r. Cordis et 
Arteriarum, Diastole - r. Morbi, Remission-r. 
Virium, Atony. 
REMIS'SION, Remis'sio, Epan'esis, An'esis, 
Submis'sio, Aph'esis, En'dosis, Remis'sio, Mcio'- 
sis, from remitters, (re, and mittere, 'to send'), REMITTENS 
'to relax. In a more extensive signification, a 
temporary diminution of the symptoms of a dis- 
ease, either acute or chronic, Remis'sio morbi. 
Diminution in the febrile symptoms, such as 
occurs in a remittent fever, between the exacer- 
bations. 
REMITTENS ICTERODES, Fever, yellow. 
REMIT'TENT, Remit'tens. Same etymon. 
Any disease which presents remissions. 
Remittent of Children, Fever, infantile re- 
mittent 
Remittent Fever, Febris remit'tens, Epan'e- 
tus, Exac"erbating, paroxysmal, sub-continual, 
endem'ic, endem'ial or endem'ical fever, (F.) Fii- 
vre rimittente, is one which strikingly exacerbates 
and remits, but without intermission. The ordi- 
nary bilious fever of the United States is a simple 
remittent-Epanetus mttis, (F.) Fievre rtmittente 
simple. 
Remittent Fever, Bilious, Remittent fever, 
see Relapse. 
Remitting Icteric Fever, see Relapse. 
REM'ORA, from remorari, (re, and mora, 'de- 
lay,) 'to arrest.' The name of two surgical in- 
struments, intended to retain parts in situ. The 
one was used, formerly, in castration, to prevent 
the intestines from protruding at the inguinal 
ring; the other, called Remora Hilda'ni, (F.) 
Arret d'Hildan, Echene'is, was employed to 
maintain fractures and luxations reduced. It is 
not now used. 
Remora Aratri, Ononis spinosa. 
REN. Kidney. 
RENAL, Rena'lis, from Ren, 'the kidney.' 
That which relates to the kidney. 
Renal Arteries, Emulg"ent Arteries, are very 
large and short, and commonly two in number- 
one to each kidney. They arise from the sides 
of the abdominal aorta, forming with it a right 
angle. The left is commonly a little more ante- 
rior and elevated than the right. After a short 
course, they arrive at the fissure of the kidney, 
where they divide, before entering it, into three 
or four very considerable branches. 
Renal Capsule, Capsule, renal-r. Nerve, see 
Splanchnic Nerves. 
Renal Plex'uses, Emulgent Plexuses. These 
are two :-one on each side. They proceed from 
fasciculi of the solar and ceeliac plexuses; from 
the outer side of the semilunar ganglion and the 
final expansion of the small splanchnic nerves. 
These plexuses begin by three or four ganglions, 
situate at the commencement of the renal artery; 
and they give off from their circumference many 
fine, straight filaments, which do not anastomose, 
and which enter the kidney with the divisions 
of the renal artery. These divisions they ac- 
company. 
Renal Veins, Emulgent Veins. These are 
very large. Their roots follow the same course 
as the arteries in the substance of the kidney. 
In the fissure or pelvic portion of the kidney, 
they unite into a single trunk, which passes 
transversely inwards, and opens at the side of the 
vena cava descendens. 
RENCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
REN'CULUS, Renic'ulus, Ren'ulus, diminutive 
of Ren, ' a kidney.' A small kidney. A lobe of 
the kidney. 
RENES SUCCENTURIATI, Capsules, renal. 
RENICULUS, Renculus. 
RENIFORM, Nephroid. 
RENNES, MINERAL WATERS OF. Ther- 
mal salines in the department of Aube, France, 
747 
REPRODUCTION 
containing carbonic acid and chloride of magne- 
sium. Temperature 103 to 121°, of Fahr. 
RENNET, Runnet, from (G.) gerinnen, 'to 
coagulate.' (?) When the fourth stomach or Abo- 
masus of the calf is salted and dried, it possesses 
the property of coagulating milk, when a portion 
of it is soaked in water, and the infusion-lien- 
net-is added to milk. 
Rennet Whey, see Serum lactis. 
RENNSELjERIA, Leptandra Virginica. 
RENONCULE, Ranunculus-r. Eulbeuse, Ra- 
nunculus bulbosus. 
RENOUEE, Polygonum aviculare. 
RENOUEUR, (F.) Rebouteur, Rhabilleur. A 
bone-doctor: - a bone-setter. One who makes a 
trade of reducing fractures and dislocations. 
RENOVATIO, Ananeosis. 
RENUENS, Rectus capitis internus minor. 
RENULUS, Renculus. 
RENUM ATONIA, Nephratonia - r. Paraly- 
sis, Nephratonia. 
RENUNCIATIO, Rapport. 
REN VER SEME NT DE LA LANGUE, Pa- 
raglossa-r. de la Matrice, Uterus, inversion of 
the-r. des Paupieres, Ectropion-r. du Rectum, 
Proctocele-r. de la Vessie, Exocyste, Exstrophia 
of the bladder. 
RENVOIS, see Regurgitation. 
REPANDATIO, Lordosis. 
REPARATION, Restauratio. 
PiEPAR'ATIVE, Repar'atory. Having the 
power of restoring or repairing. 
REPELLENTIA, Repellents. 
REPEL'LENTS, Repellen'tia, Repercutien'tia, 
Apocrus'tica, Repercus'sires, (F.) RIpercussifs, 
from re, andpellere, 'to drive.' Medicines which, 
when applied to a tumefied part, cause the fluids, 
that render it tumid, to recede, as it were, from 
it. Astringents, cold water, ice, &c., are repel- 
REPERCUSSIFS, Repellents. 
REPERCUSSIO, Contra-fissura, Repercussion. 
REPERCUS'SION, Repercus'sio, Anac'lasis, 
from re, per, and quatere, 'to shake or batter.' 
Disappearance of a tumour or cutaneous eruption, 
in consequence of the application of a repellent. 
The action of a repellent remedy. The French 
writers use the term Delitescence, Delitescen'tia, 
for the sudden disappearance of a tumour, in- 
flammation, eruptive disease, or purulent collec- 
tion, without the disease occurring in any other 
part of the body: in this respect delitescence dif- 
fers from metastasis: Delitescence of an inflam- 
mation or ' sudden disappearnce' is distinguished 
by certain French pathologists from Resolution. 
Repercussion also means Ballottement. 
REPERCUSSIVES, Repellents. 
REPERCUTIENTIA, Repellents. 
REPLETION, Fulness, Plethora. 
REPLI LONGITUDINAL DE LA ME- 
NINGE, Falx cerebri. 
REPOSITIO, Anaplasis, Reduction, Taxis. 
REPOUSSOIR, Punch-r. d'Aretes, Probang. 
REPRIMENS, Epischeticus. 
REPROD U C TION, Reproduc'tio, Reqen era'f io, 
from re, and producere, (pro, and ducere.) The 
function by which living bodies produce bodies 
similar to themselves. See Generation. As a 
general remark, it will be found true, that the 
larger animals are uniparous; and the smaller, 
which are more exposed to destruction, multipa- 
rous. The mammalia being of the same natural 
class as man, it may be useful to compare them 
in this respect. RES 
REPRODUCTION 
748 
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE CLASS MAMMALIA. 
Species. 
Age capable of en- 
gendering. 
Duration of gesta- 
tion. 
Number of young at 
each birth. 
Period of cessation of 
the function. 
Primates. 
Man 
14 years 
9 months 
1 to 3 1 
Monkeys (large) 
3 years 
7 months 
Do. \ 
vanced age. 
Do. (long tailed) 
2 years 
6 months 
Do. ) 
Carnivora. 
Bear 
2 years 
112 days 
1 to 4 
25 to 30 vears. 
Badger 
3 to 4 
20 to 25 years. 
Hedgehog 
1 year 
1 mo. and 10 days 
3 to 5 
Ferret 
11 months 
Do. 
5 to 9 twice a year 
Produces during life. 
Otter 
3 months 
3 to 4 
Pole-cat, ) 
Marten, f 
Weasel, and f 
before 1 year 
56 days 
3 to 6 
8 to 10 years. 
Ermine, ) 
Didelphus, 1 
10 years. (?) 
Opossum, and > 
Philander, ) 
4 to 6 
Lion 
2 years 
3 to 4 months 
3 to 4 
20 to 25 years. 
Tiger, ) 
Leopard I 
Lvnx 
Do. 
3 months 
4 to 5 
Do. 
9 weeks 
3 to 4 
Wild Cat 
before 1 year 
56 days 
4 to 6 
9 years. 
Wolf 
2 years 
73 days 
5 to 9 
15 to 20 years. 
Dog, in the most ) 
natural state, 
10 months 
63 days 
3 to 6 
15 years. 
Fox 
1 year 
2 months 
Do. 
10 or 12 years. 
Jackal! 
Do. 
5 to 8 
Isatis 
63 days 
6 to 7 
Phoca 
3 months (?) 
2 to 3 
Rodentia. 
Squirrel 
1 year 
45 days 
3 to 4 twice a year 
Produces during life. 
Flying Squirrel 
3 to 4 
Do. 
Ondatra 
3 to 5 
Lives 6 years. 
Beaver 
4 months 
2 to 3 
Hare 
1 year 
30 days 
( 2 to 4 several ) 
1 times a vear j 
Lives 8 years. 
Rabbit 
6 months 
Do. 
4 to 8 do. 
Lives 8 or 9 years. 
Rat. 
Do. 
5 or 6 weeks 
5 to 6 do. 
Produces during life. 
Mouse 
Do. 
1 month 
Do. 
Do. 
Marmot 
6 weeks 
2 to 4 
Do. 
Guinea Pig 
5 to 6 weeks 
3 weeks 
5 to 8 times a year 
Do. 
Dormouse 
1 year 
3 to 5 
Edentata. 
Armadilla 
4 times a year 
7 to 8 years. (?) 
Ruminantia. 
Camel 
4 years 
11 months or 1 y'r 
1 
40 to 50 years. 
Dromedary 
Do. 
Do. 
1 
Do. 
Buffalo 
3 years 
9 months 
1 
15 to 18 years. 
Beef. 
2 years 
Do. 
1 to 2 
9 years. 
Lama 
3 years 
Do. 
12 years. 
Reindeer 
2 years 
8 months 
1 
I.ives 16 years. 
Buck and Doe 
H year 
Do. 
1 to 2 
Lives 25 or 30 years. 
Roebuck 
Do. 
5 months 
Do. 
I.ives 12 or 15 years. 
Saiga (Antelope) 
1 year 
Do. 
Do. 
Lives 15 or 20 years. 
Chamois and Wild Goat 
Do. 
Do. 
1, 2, and 3 
Lives 18 or 20 years. 
Goat 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
7 years. 
Musimon 
li year 
Do. 
1 to 2 
8 or 10 years. 
Sheep 
1 year 
Do. 
Do. 
8 years. 
Solipedes. 
Horse 
21 vears 
290 days 
1 to 2 
25 or 30 years. 
Ass 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Zebra .... - 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Pachydermata. 
Hog 
9 months orl year 
4 months 
10 to 20 
15 vears. 
Elephant 
16 years (?) 
9 to 11 months 
1 or 2 
Lives 70 years. (?) 
Rhinoceros 
5 years (?) 
1 or 2 (?) 
Lives 60 years. (?) 
Hippopotamus 
1 
Morse 
9 months 
1 
REPULSORIUM, Punch. 
REPURGA'TIO, Anaca.th.ar'sis, from re, and 
purgare, ' to cleanse.' According to Castelli - 
purgation by transpiration or by expectoration. 
Medicines producing this effect are called Rejiur- 
yan'tia. 
REQUIES, Acinesia. 
REQUIETIO, Acinesia. 
RES CONTRA-NATU'RAM. 'Thingsagainst 
nature,' (F.) Chosen contre-nature, are those things 
which tend to destroy man; - as disease, and 
every thing connected with it. 
Res Culinaria, Culinary art-r. Medica, Me- 
dicina. 
Res Natura'les, (F.) Choses naturelies. Those 
things, which, by their union, were conceived to 
constitute the nature of man; such as the ele- 
ments, temperaments, humours, spirits, <fcc. R&SEAU 
Res non Natura'les, (F.) Choses non-natu- 
relles. Those things which, anciently, formed 
the matter of hygiene. See Non-naturals. 
Res Venerea, Coition - r. Vestiaria, Vestitus. 
RESEAU, Rete-r. Admirable, Rete mirabile 
-r. Merveilleux, Rete mirabile. 
RESECTIO, Resection - r. Articulorum, see 
Resection. 
RESEC'TION, Resec'tio, from resecare, (re, 
and secure,) 'to cut off.' A name, given, espe- 
cially by the French surgeons, to operations in 
which the carious extremities of long bones, or 
the unconsolidated extremities of fractured bones 
forming irregular joints, are removed with the saw 
-Resectio articulo'rum, Decapita'tio articulo' rum. 
RESECTION, see Amputation. 
RESEDA CRISPATA-r. luteola-r. Lanceo- 
lata-r. luteola. 
Rese'da lute'ola, R. lanceola'ta seu crispa'ta, 
Lute'ola, Weld, Dyer's Weed. A European plant 
naturalized in the United States, which was at 
one time used as a diaphoretic and diuretic. 
RE8ERANS, Aperient. 
RESERVE AIR, see Respiration. 
RESERVOIR DE LA BILE, Gall-bladder 
- r. du Chyle, Receptaculum chyli - r. des Lar- 
mes, Lachrymal sac-r. of Pecquet, Receptaculum 
chyli - r. de Pecquet, Receptaculum chyli-r. of 
the Thymus, see Thymus. 
RESIDENTIA, Sediment. 
RESIDUAL AIR, see Respiration. 
RESIMUS, Camus. 
RESIN, Resi'na, Rheti'ne. A vegetable pro- 
duct, commonly dry and concrete, more or less 
brittle, inodorous or slightly odorous, insipid, or 
of an acrid warm taste; of a smooth, glassy frac- 
ture, heavier than water, inflammable, insoluble 
in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and yolk of an 
egg, and negatively electrifiable by friction. Many 
resins are used in medicine; the greater part are 
purgative and irritating. Some act'like acrid 
poisons. t 
Resin, Cayenne, Caoutchouc-r. of the Spruce 
fir, see Pinus abies. 
RESINA, Resin'- n Abietis, Pinus Abies, 
Pinus picea- r. Abietis humida, Pinus abies 
- r. Abietis sicca, see Pinus abies - r. Alba, 
see Pinus sylvestris- r. Alba humida, see Pinus 
Abies-r. Cayennensis, Caoutchouc-r.Copal, Co- 
pal-r. Elastica, Caoutchouc-r. Flava, see Pinus 
sylvestris - r. Fluida Canadensis, see Pinus bal- 
samea-r. Juniperi, Sandarac-r. Laricis, see Pi- 
nus larix - r. Lentiseina, see Pistachia lentiscus 
- r. Liquida pini balsameae, see Pinus balsamea 
- r. Liquidi pini laricis, see Pinus larix -r. Ni- 
gra, Colophonia-r. Pini, see Pinus sylvestris-r. 
Pini empyreumatica liquida, see Pinus sylvestris 
- r. Pini abietis sponte concreta, see Pinus abies 
- r. Strobilina, see Pinus balsamea, and Pinus 
mughos-r. Terebinthi, see Pistachia terebinthus. 
RESINA'TUM, Rhetino'ton. An epithet for 
wine impregnated with resin, and used by the 
ancients as a stomachic. 
RE SINE DE GAfAC, see Guaiacum-r. Go- 
mart, see Bursera gummifera - r. de Lierre, see 
Hedera helix. 
RESINOCE'RUM, Rhetinoce'ron, from fmrivr), 
'resin,' and lo/pof, 'wax.' A mixture of resin and 
wax.-Galen. 
RESOLUTIO, Resolution-r. Membrorum, Pa- 
ralysis. 
Resolutio Morbi. The resolution or disap- 
pearance of a disease; especially when without 
any critical evacuation. 
Resolutio et Diabrosis Ventriculi, Gastro- 
malacia-r. Nervorum, Paralysis - r. Ventriculi 
autopeptiea, Gastromnlacia-r. Virium, Dialysis. 
RESOLU'TION, Resolu'tio, Discus'sio, from 
749 
RESPIRA'TION 
reaolvere, (re and aolrere, 'to loosen.') Removal 
or disappearance, as of a disease. Resolution is 
one of the terminations of inflammation, in which 
the inflamed part returns gradually, and without 
suppuration, to the healthy condition. 
RESOLUTION DES MEMBERS, Paralysis. 
RESOLVENTIA, Discutients. 
RES'ONANCE, (F.) Reteiitiaaement, Reaon- 
nance, Riaonnement, from re, ' again,' and aono, 
'I sound.' 'A return of sound.' A resounding; 
a reverberation of sounds. A thrilling of the 
voice more loud than natural; or its existence in 
a part where it is not heard in health,-as de- 
tected by auscultation. A thickened and hard- 
ened state of the lungs, caused either by a mass 
of crude tubercles, or by inflammation, is gene- 
rally considered to produce this phenomenon, by 
rendering the lung a better conductor of the 
murmur of the voice in the bronchi. Hence the 
origin of the term Bronchoph'ony, from (Ipovxos, 
'bronchus,' and 'the voice;' (F.) Voix 
bronchique, Voix tubaire, V. bourdonnante. 
Resonance, Vibrations of, see Sound. 
RESONITUS, Contra-fissura. 
RES'ONANT, Rea'onana, Rea'onua. (F.) Re- 
tentisaant, Reaonnant, Resounding, see Resonance. 
RESONNANCE, Resonance. 
RESONNEMENT, Resonance. 
RESORBENS, Absorbent. 
RESORPTIO, Absorption, Resorption-r. Cu- 
tanea, see Absorption - r. Cutis, see Absorption. 
RESORP'TION, Reaorp'tio, from reaorbere, (re, 
'again,' and aorbere,) 'to absorb again.' Absorp- 
tion of a fluid which lias been previously depos- 
ited in a part by the exhalants,-as of pus, blood, 
swum, &c. 
RES'PIRABLE, Reapirab'ilis. Same ety- 
mon as Respiration. Capable of being breathed. 
Adapted for respiration. 
RESPIRAMEN, Respiration. 
RESPIRAMENTUM, Respiration. 
RESPIRATIO, Respiration - r. Abolita, Ap- 
noea-r. Brevis, Dyspnoea-r. Difficilis, Dyspnoea 
-r. Stertens, Stertor-r. Stertuosa, Stertor. 
RESPIRA'TION, Reapira'tio, Anap'noi, from 
reapiro, (re, and apiro,) 'I take breath.' Anop. 
neu'aia, Pneu'aia apira'tio, Reapira'men, Reapira- 
mentum, Reapira'tua, Reapir'itua, Spir'itua. A 
function proper to animals, the object ot which 
is, to place the materials of the blood-the mix- 
ture of the venous blood with lymph and chyle-• 
in contact with atmospheric air, in order that it 
may acquire the vivifying qualities that belong to 
arterial blood. The organs for executing this 
function are, in the mammalia, birds, and rep- 
tiles, the lungs. In man, the respiration consists 
of mechanical and chymical phenomena. The 
mechanical are Inspiration and Expiration. The 
evident chymical phenomena consist in the form- 
ation of a certain quantity of carbonic acid, the 
absorption of a part of the oxygen of the air, and 
the disengagement of a quantity of water in the 
state of vapour. In the healthy condition the 
respiration is easy, gentle, regular, and without 
noise. In man, the respirations are generally 
about 35 per minute in the first year of life; 25 
during the second; 20 at puberty; and 18 in the 
adult age. 
The air of respiration has been divided into, 
firat, the residual air or that which cannot be ex- 
pelled from the lungs but remains after a full and 
forcible expiration, estimated at 120 cubic inches: 
secondly, the supplementary or reserve air or that 
which can be expelled by a forcible expiration, 
after an ordinary outbreaking, valued at 130 cu- 
bic inches: thirdly, the breath, tidal or breathing 
air, valued at 26 cubic inches : and fourthly, the 
complementary or complemental air, or that which RESPIRATION 
can be inhaled after an ordinary inspiration, which 
amounts to 100 cubic inches. This estimate gives 
250 cubic inches as the average volume of air 
which the chest contains after an ordinary expi- 
ration. 
RESPIRATION DRONCHIQUE, see Mur- 
mur, respiratory - r. ExagMe, see Puerile - r. 
Hypervesiculaire, see Puerile. 
Respiration, Jerking, (F.) R. saccadle. When 
the murmur of inspiration, in place of being con- 
tinuous, is interrupted as by starts, it is called 
'jerking.' It is a concomitant of incipient pleu- 
risy, pleurodynia, spasmodic asthma, and tuber- 
culosis of the lung with corresponding pleuritic 
adhesion.-W alshe. 
Respiration of the Cells, Murmur, respira- 
tory-r. Metallic, Tintenlent metallique-r. Nulle, 
see Murmur, respiratory - r. Proof, Doeimasia 
pulmonum-r. PuerAe, see Puerile-r. Rapeuse, 
see Murmur, respiratory - r. Rude, see Murmur, 
respiratory - r. Silencieuse, see Mtirmur, respira- 
tory-r. Saecadee, R. jerking-r. Soufflante, Mur- 
mur, respiratory - r. Supplementaire, see Puerile 
■-r. Tubal, see Murmur, respiratory. 
RESPIRA'TOR, same etymon. Various in- 
struments, under this name, have been devised 
for the purpose of tempering the air before it 
reaches the lungs in winter. One of the best is 
(that of Jeffrey, which is made of several layers 
<of fine wire tissue. 
RESPIRATORIUM VENTRIS, Diaphragm. 
RESPIRATORIUS, Respiratory. 
RES'PIRATORY, Respirato'rius, same ety- 
mon. Appertaining to respiration. An epithet 
applied to the murmur heard by auscultation in 
a healthy adult, during inspiration and expira- 
tion. It marks the entrance of the air into the 
cells, and its passage out of them. See Murmur. 
Respiratory, External, Nerve, see Thoracic 
nerves - r. Internal, nerves, Diaphragmatic 
Nerves - r. Nerve of the face, Facial Nerve - r. 
Superior, nerve, Spinal Nerve. 
Respiratory Tract, Tractus respirato'riue. 
The middle column of the spinal marrow, de- 
scribed by Sir Charles Bell as that whence the 
respiratory nerves originate. See Nerves. 
RESPIRATUS, Respiration. 
RESPIRITUS, Respiration. 
RESSERRE, (VENTRE,) Constipation. 
RESTA BOVIS, Ononis spinosa. 
RESTAGNATIO, Eructation. 
RESTAURANS, Corroborant. 
RESTAURA'TIO, Refec'tio, Refec'tus, Ana- 
lep'sis, Anatrep'sis, Anacom'ide, Analte'sis, Anac- 
te'sis, Apocatas'tasis. Restoration of strength, 
after disease or great fatigue; Epanortho'tie, Re- 
erea'tio, Redintegra'tio, Restaura'tio virium. Re- 
turn of the organs to their normal condition. 
Recov' ery, Recupera'tion, Repara'tion. 
Restauratio Virium, see Restauratio. 
REST HARROW, Ononis spinosa. 
RESTIFORM'IS, from restis, 'a rope,' and for- 
ma, 'shape? Shaped like a rope, as the 'Corpora 
restiformia.' 
Restiformis Processus, Coracoid. 
RESTITUTIO, Reduction-r. Organica, Morio- 
plastice-r. Partium deperditarum, Morioplastice. 
RESTLESSNESS, Agitation. 
RESTORATION, Restauratio. 
RESTORATIVE, Corroborative. 
RESTRICTIO INTESTINI RECTI vel ANI, 
Stricture of the rectum. 
RESUMPTI'VUS, Resumpto'rius; from re, 
'again,' and »nmere, 'to take.' Causing to re- 
sume. Resumpti'vum. Any agent calculated to 
restore flesh and strength to one who has been 
rsaueed. 
750 
RETIA UTERI 
RESUMPTORIUS, Resumptive. 
RESURRECTION-MAN, Resurrectionist. 
RESURBEC'TI 0 NI S T, Resurrection-man, 
Body snatcher: from re, and surgere, 'to arise.' 
An individual who violates the sanctuary of the 
grave to obtain subjects for dissection. 
RESUSCITA'TION, Resuscita'tio, from resus- 
cita're, (re, and suscitare, siirsumcitare seu ciere,) 
' to move up,' ' to stir up anew.' Revivification. 
The restoration of persons, apparently dead, to 
life. See Asphyxia and Suffocation. 
RETCHING, Vomiturition. 
RETE, Plexus-r. Malpighii, Corpus muco- 
sum. 
Rete, Retie'ulttm; 'a net;1 Diet'yon, (F.) Ro- 
seau. A name given to the interlacing and 
decussation of blood-vessels, lymphatics, fibres, 
and nerves when they form a kind of network. 
Rete has also been applied to the epiploon.- 
Castelli. 
Rete Ma.tus, Epiploon, gastro-colic. 
Rete Mirab'ile, (F.} Rtseau admirable, R. 
merveilleux. A name given to the ramifications 
and anastomoses of the internal carotid and ver- 
tebral arteries at the base of the brain. 
Rete Mirabile vel RetF! Vasculo'sum Mal- 
pig'hii is the plexus formed on the cells of the 
lungs by the minute ramifications of the pulmo- 
nary artery. 
,Rete Muc«sum, Corpus mucosum. 
Rete seu Rete Vascvlo'sum Testis. An 
irregular plexus or network, formed by the com- 
munication of the Vasa recta at the upper and 
back part of the testicle. These Vasa recta are 
sent out at the part of the testicle, from the 
convoluted seminal tubes. The Rete Vasculo- 
sum testis sends out from twelve to eighteen 
straight tubes, called Vasa efferentia, which con- 
vey the semen from the testes to the epididymis. 
RETENTIO, Retention - r. Aerea, Dyspnoea 
- r. Alvina, Constipation - r. Bilis, Ischocholia. 
Retentio Fluxus H.EMORitnoiDALis. Sup- 
pression of the hasmorrhoidal flux. 
Retentio Foetus, Dystocia-r. Laetis, Ischoga- 
lactia-r. Lochiorum, Isehiolochia-r. Mensium, 
see Amenorrhoea-r. Spermatis, Ischospermia - 
r. Sudoris, Hydroschesis. 
RETEN'TION, Retentio, Apolep'sia, Apolep'- 
sis, from retinere, (re,and tenere,) 'to hobd back.' 
Accumulation of a solid or liquid substance, in 
canals intended for its excretion, or in a reser- 
voir, intended to contain it for a short period. 
Retention of Urine; Paru'ria Retentio'nis 
vesica'lis, Ischu'ria vesica'lis, Retentio Uri'noe, 
(F.) Retention d'urine. A disease in which the 
urine accumulated in the bladder cannot be evac- 
uated; or, at least, cannot be passed without 
extreme difficulty. In the former case, the re- 
tention is said to be complete; in the latter, in- 
complete. Many writers have distinguished three 
degrees of this affection, to which' they have given 
the names Dysury, Strangury, and Ischury. Re- 
tention of urine may depend upon loss of con- 
stractility, paralysis of the bladder, <tc., or on 
some obstacle to the passing of the urine, as in 
cases of pressure of the womb on the bladder, of 
tumours in its vicinity, foreign bodies in its cavity, 
inflammation of the urethra, swelling of the pros- 
tate, stricture, <fce. The pain is extremely violent, 
and the bladder may be found distended above 
the pubis. The treatment consists in introducing 
the catheter, or puncturing the bladder, and in 
combating the cause, which has produced the re- 
tention, by particular means adapted to each case. 
RETENTISSANT, Resonant. 
RETENTISSEMENT, Resonance -r. Auto- 
phonique, see Autophouia. 
RETIA UTERI, see Uterus. RETICULAR 
- 
RETIC'ULAR, Re'tiform, Reticula'ris, Ret'- 
inus, Amphiblestro'i'ties, Di/cto'i'des, Retifor' mis, 
from rete, ' a net.' That which resembles a net. 
An epithet applied to many structures in the 
body. 
Reticular Body, Corpus mucosum - r. Sub- 
stance, Cellular tissue. 
RETICULARIA OFFICINALIS, Lichen pul- 
monarius. 
RETIC'ULUM: diminutive of rete, 'a net.' 
The Bonnet or Honeycomb bay-the second sto- 
mach of the ruminant animal. See also, Epiploon, 
and Rete. 
Reticulum Cutaneum, Rete mucosum - r. 
Mucosum, Rete mucosum. 
RETIFORM, Reticular. 
RET'INA, from rete, ba net:' Tu'nica ret'ina 
seu reticula'ris seu retifor'mis seu in'tima oc'uli, 
Involu'crum roti compara'tum, Verricula'ris mem- 
bra'na, Amphiblestroi'des membrana. A soft, 
pulpy, grayish, semi-transparent, very thin mem- 
brane ; extending from the optic nerve to the 
crystalline, embracing the vitreous humour, and 
lining the choroid; without, however, adhering 
to either of those parts. It terminates by a de- 
fined edge - margo denta'tus - at the posterior 
extremities of the ciliary processes. It is consti- 
tuted, according to most anatomists, by the ex- 
pansion of the optic nerve. The retina appears to 
be formed of two laminae ; so joined together, that 
it is almost impossible to separate them. The 
one - the innermost - is medullary, and pulpy; 
the other-the outer-is stronger, and fibro-vas- 
cular. The retina is the essential organ of vision; 
on it the images of objects are impressed. Both 
it and the optic nerve are devoid of general sen- 
sibility. They may be punctured or lacerated 
without pain being experienced. The nerve of 
general sensibility distributed to the eye is the 
fifth pair. 
RETINACULA, see Retinaculum - r. Mor- 
gagnii, see Fra?na of the valve of Bauhin. 
RETINAC'ULUM, from retinere, (re, and te- 
nere,) 'to hold back.' A surgical instrument, 
formerly used in the operation of castration ; and 
in that of hernia, to prevent the intestines from 
falling into the scrotum. - Scultet. Retinacula 
are also band-like extensions of a cellulo-mem- 
branous structure, which seem to suspend the 
ovum in the Follicle of De Graaf. They appear 
to correspond to the chalazae of the egg of the 
bird. 
Retinaculum, Bride. 
Retinac'ulum Ten'dinum Peroneo'rum, Va- 
yi'na r.ialleola'ris extern'a. The ligamentous 
sheaths that retain in situ at the outer ankle the 
tendor.s of the peroneal muscles. 
RETINI'TIS, Inflamma'tio Ret' intB, Amphi- 
blestroidi'tis, Dicty'i'tis, from retina and itis, a 
suffix denoting inflammation, - a term of hybrid 
formation. Inflammation of the retina; an un- 
common affection, except as an accompaniment 
of other forms of ophthalmia. 
RETINOS'COPY, Retinoscop'ia, from retina, 
and cKoiran, ' I view.' Examination of the retina. 
RET IN US, Reticular. 
RETORT', Retor'ta, Batia, Cornu, Cornu'ta, 
Comes'ta, Cornumusa, (F.) Cornue, from retorqueo, 
(re, and torqueo, tortum,) 'I bend back.' A ves- 
sel, commonly of glass or earthenware, employed 
in distillation. It may be plain, or have a tubu- 
lure for admitting substances whilst the distilla- 
tion is going on. In the latter case, it is said to 
be tu'bulated, (F.) Cornue tubuUe. 
RETRAC'TION, Retrac'tio, from retrabere, 
(re and trahere,) 'to draw back.' State of a 
part, when drawn towards the centre of the body 
Ot- backwards; - as retraction of the testicles. 
751 
RETROVERSION 
Sometimes it is used synonymously with short- 
ening or drawing up; as in retraction of the 
thigh. 
RETRACTION DE LA NAT RICE, Retro- 
versio uteri. 
RETRACTOR ANGULI ORIS, Buccinator. 
RET'RAHENS AURIS, Posts'rior Anris, Tri- 
canda'lis, Triceps Ami's, Retrahens Auric'nice, R. 
Auriculam, Secun'due proprio'rum Auric'uloe, Bi- 
cauda'lis, Dep'rimens Auric'ulce, Proprius Anris 
externa, (F.) Mastoldo-conchinien, Masto'ido-ori- 
culaire (Ch.), Auriculaire posterieur. It consists 
of one or more small fasciculi or fleshy, thin, 
somewhat irregular fibres, situated behind the 
ear. These are attached to the mastoid process, 
and pass horizontally forwards, to terminate at 
the convexity formed by the concha of the ear. 
If this muscle had any use, it would carry the 
ear backwards. 
RETRECISSEMENT, Arcfirtio, Stricture. 
RETRIMENTA VESICLE, Urine. 
RETRIMENTUM, Excrement. 
RETROCES'SION, Retraces'sio, Retroees'sus, 
Retrogres'sus, from retrocedere, (retro, 'back- 
wards,' and cedere, ' to give place.') The act of 
going back. A disappearance or metastasis of a 
tumour, eruption, &c., from the outer part of the 
body to the inner. 
RETROCESSUS, Retrocession. 
RETROFLEXIO UTERI, Retroversio uteri. 
RETROGRESSES, Retrocession. 
RETROPIIARYNGE 'AL, Retropharynge'us, 
from retro, ' backwards,' and pharynx, ' the pha- 
rynx. Relating to parts behind the pharynx,- 
as ' retropharyngeal abscess,'-an abscess behind 
the pharynx. 
RE TRO PULSION DE LA MATRICE, Re- 
troversio uteri. 
RETROVACCINA'TION ; from retro, ' back- 
wards,' and vaccination. Vaccination with matter 
obtained from the cow, after inoculating the ani- 
mal with vaccine matter from the human subject. 
RETROVER'SIO U'TERI, Retroversion of the 
Uterus, xEdopto'sis Uteri retrover' sa, Retroflex'io 
Uteri, Anapod'isis seu Anapodis'mus Uteri, (F.) 
Retroversion, Retraction, Obliquite ou Retropul- 
sion de la Matrice. A change in the position of 
the uterus, so that the fundus of the organ is 
turned towards the concavity of the sacrum, 
whilst the neck is directed towards the sym- 
physis pubis. This displacement is commonly 
attended with constipation, tenesmus, and reten- 
tion of urine. Its usual period of occurrence is 
between the third and fourth months of preg- 
nancy ; before the uterus has escaped above the 
superior aperture of the pelvis. In the treat- 
ment, the catheter must be regularly used twice 
a day, until the uterus, by its growth, rises above 
the pelvis. The catheter should be small, flat, 
and curved considerably more than common, in 
consequence of the distorted course of the ure- 
thra. The bowels must be kept open ; and abso- 
lute rest, in a recumbent posture, be enjoined. 
Should it be impracticable to draw off the urine, 
attempts must be made to replace the uterus. 
The woman being on her hands and knees, the 
fore and middle fingers of the accoucheur's left 
hand are to be passed up the rectum to the fundus 
uteri; which they must elevate, whilst the cervix 
uteri is carefully depressed by two fingers of the 
right hand in the vagina. Should the fingers 
employed to elevate the fundus not be long enough 
to effect this object, a piece of whalebone may be 
substituted, having a small piece of sponge at- 
tached to one extremity as a pad. 
RETROVERSION DE LA MAT RICE, Re- 
troversio uteri. REUNIO 
REUNIO, Synthesis-r. Partium separatarum, 
see Synthesis - r. per Primam intentionem, see 
Intention-r. per Secundam intentionem, see In- 
tention-r. Vasorum, Anastomosis. 
REUNION PRIMITIVE, see Intention - r. 
Secondaire, see Intention. 
R EVASSERIE, Incoherence; see Somnium. 
RE VE, Somnium. 
REVEIL, see Sleep-r. en Sursaut, see Sleep. 
REVELLENT, Derivative. 
REVERY, Aphelxia. 
REVIVIFICATION, Resuscitation. 
REVULSIF, Derivative. 
REVUL'SION, Revul'sio, from re, and vellere, 
'topluck;' Antis'pasis. The act of turning the 
principle of a disease from the organ in which it 
seems to have taken its seat. Rubefacients, vesi- 
catories, bleeding in the foot, <tc., are often used 
for this purpose. See Derivation. 
REVULSIVE, Derivative - r. Bleeding, see 
Bloodletting. 
REVULSORIUS, Derivative. 
REX METALLORUM, Aurum. 
REYN OLDS'S SPECIFIC, see Vinum colchici. 
RIIA, Rheum. 
RH AB ARB ARUM, Rheum - r. Album, Con- 
volvulus mechoachan - r. Antiquorum, Rheum 
Rhaponticum - r. Dioscoridis, Rheum Rhaponti- 
cuin - r. Monachorum, Rumex patientia-r. Ni- 
grum, Convolvulus jalapa-r. Pauperum, Thalic- 
tron-r. Sibericum, Rheum-r.Tartaricum Rheum 
•-r. Turcieum, Rheum. 
RHAB AR BE, Rheum - r. Blanche, Convol- 
vulus mechoacan - r. dee Moines, Rumex Al- 
pinus. 
RIIABDOIDES (SUTURA), Sagittal suture. 
RHABILLEUR, Renoueur. 
BRACKETS, Rhachitse. 
B1IACHETBUM, Medulla spinalis. 
RIIACHI2EI, Rhachitm. 
BHACHIAGBA, Rachisagra. 
RHAC1IIALGIA, Raehialgia, Rhachiodynia, 
Spinal irritation. 
RIIACHIALGITIS, Spinal irritation, Myelitis. 
RIIAC IIIDAGRA, Rachisagra, Raehialgia, 
Rhachiodynia. 
B1IACHI0CYPH0SIS, Gibbositas. 
RIIACIIIODYN'IA; from 'the vertebral 
column,' and oSvvn, ' pain ;' Rhachial'gia. Pain 
in the vertebral column. 
BHACHIOMYELITIS, Myelitis. 
RIIACHIOPLEGIA, Paraplegia. 
BHACHIOSCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
BHACIIIOSCOLIOSIS, Scoliosis. 
BHACHIOSTBOPHO'SIS; from paXn, 'the 
vertebral column,' and orp£0w, ' I turn ;' Contor'- 
*io colum'nce vertebra'lie. Deviation of the verte- 
bral column. 
BHACHIOT'OMUS, Rhachiot'omnm ; from 
paXn, 'the vertebral column,' and Topn, 'inci- 
sion.' An instrument for opening the vertebral 
column. 
RHACIIIPARALYSIS, Paraplegia. 
RIIACHIPHYMA. Raehiphyma. 
BHACHIRBHEUMA, Lumbago. 
RIIACHIS, Vertebral column-r. Nasi, see 
Nasus. 
RHACHISAGBA, Rachisagra. 
RHACHI'TJl, from p«X'f, 'the vertebral 
column;' Rhachia'i, Rachi'tce, Rhache'tce, or 
Rachice'i. The muscles of the spine. 
BHACHITES. Medulla spinalis. 
RIIACIIITICUS, Rachiticus. 
RHACHITIS, Rachitis-r. Adultorum, Molli- 
fies ossium-r. Spinalis, Rachisagra. 
RRACHITISMUS, Rachitis. 
752 
RHENXIS 
RHACHOSIS, Rachosis. 
RHACHUS, Rhacus, Rhague; from pmraciv, 'to 
tear.' A wrinkle. A laceration of the skin. A 
lacerated ulcer-uIcuh lac"erum. 
RHACUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle. 
RIIyEBOCRANIA, Torticollis. 
RHAG'ADES, Rhaga'dia ; from p'/y- 
vvpi, 'to break or rend;' Scissn'ra, Fimt'ra, 
Fima. Ruptures, chaps, or narrow and long 
ulcers, which form near the origin of mucous 
membranes, especially around the anus, and 
which are generally owing to the syphilitic virus. 
Rhagades, see Fissure. 
RHAGE, Rage; payr). Same etymon. A suf- 
fix denoting violent rupture or discharge, as in 
HemorrAng'e, Menorrhagia, &c. 
Rhage, Fissure. 
RHAGES, Uvae pass®. 
RHAGODEITIS, Uveitis. 
RHAGOI'DES, Rhago'des, Rhago'ideue, Rha- 
gicna, from paf, 'a grape.' Grape-like; as Tu- 
nica Rhagoides: the uvea. Also, the choroid 
coat of the eye. 
RIIAGUS, Rhachus, Wrinkle. 
RHAMNUS, Rhamnus cathar'ticus, Spina cer- 
vi'na seu domes'tica, Rhamnus soluti'vus, Spina 
infecto'ria, Oervispi'na, Buckthorn, Purging buck- 
thorn, (F.) Nerprun purgatif. Family, Rham- 
noideas. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. The 
berries - Rhamni Baccce - have a faint and dis- 
agreeable odour; and bitterish, nauseous taste. 
They are cathartic, and are apt to excite griping, 
which must be obviated by the use of diluents. 
Rhamnus Alateh'nus, R. Hispan'icus, Alater'- 
nus latifo'lius, Common alaternus, (F.) Alaterne. 
The leaves have been used as detergents and as- 
tringents, in the form of gargle especially. 
Rhamnus Fran'gula. The Black Alder, 
Frangula Alnus, Alnus Nigra, (F.) Anne noir, 
Bourdane, Bourgene. All the parts of this tree, 
as well as of the common alder, are astringent 
and bitter. The bark is most so. The inner, 
yellow bark of the trunk or root acts as a ca- 
thartic. It has also been employed as an anthel- 
mintic. 
Rhamnus IIispanicus, R. alaternus-r. Jujuba, 
see Jujube-r. Lotus, see Jujube-r. Ziziphus, see 
Jujube. 
RHANTER, Canthus, (greater.) 
RHAPIIANEDON, Raphanedon. 
RHAPHANIA, Raphania. 
RHAPHANIS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RHAPHANUS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RHAPHE, Raphe, Suture. 
RHAPHOSYMPH'YSIS; from 'suture,' 
and ' union.' Union by suture,-as of 
the bones of the cranium. 
RIIAPHYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RHAPONTICUM, Rheum Rhaponticum - r. 
Vulgare, Centaurea centaurium. 
RHAPONTIQUE, Rheum rhaponticum. 
RHAPS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RHAPYS, Raphanus hortensis. 
RHATANLA, Krameria ratanhia. 
RHAX, see Vitis vinifera. 
RHEGE, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
RUE GM A, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration, 
Rhexis - r. Ligamentare, Apospasma. 
RHEGMUS, Cramp, Contusion, Laceration. 
RHEMBASMUS, Somnambulism. 
RIIEMBE, Rhembus; from pen/kiv, 'to wander 
about.' Irregularity in the return of febrile pa- 
roxysms. 
RHEMBUS, Rbembe. 
RHENCHUS, Rattle, Snoring. 
RHENXIS, Rattle, Snoring. RHE ON 
RIIEON, Rheum. 
RHETINE, Resin. 
RHETINOCERON, Resinatum. 
RHETINOTON, Resinatum. 
RHEUM, (pronounced room,) Rheu'ma, (F.) 
Rhume; from ptw, 'to flow.' Any thin watery 
discharge from the mucous membranes or skin ; 
as the thin discharge from the air passages arising 
from cold. 
Rheum, Salt. A popular name in the United 
States, like ' tetter,' for various cutaneous affec- 
tions of the eczematous and herpetic forms more 
especially. It is at times applied to a kind of 
chronic psoriasis; and likewise to cutaneous af- 
fections in those who immerse the hands in me- 
tallic or acid solutions. Webster defines it " a 
vague and indefinite popular name, applied to 
almost all the non-febrile cutaneous eruptions 
which are common among adults, except ring- 
worm and itch." 
Rhe'um, Rhabar'barum, Rheon, Rha, Rhoeum, 
Lop'athum orienta'le, L. Chinen'se, Rhabar'barum 
ve'rum, R. Tartar'ieum, R. Siber'icum, R. Tur'- 
cicum, Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe. Family, Poly- 
goneae. Sex. Syst. Enneandria Trigynia. The 
root-Rheum-is the part used in medicine. Its 
odour is aromatic, peculiar, and rather nauseous; 
taste, somewhat aromatic, subacrid, bitterish, and 
astringent It colours the saliva and the urine 
yellow. It is easily pulverized, and forms a pow- 
der of a bright buff-yellow colour. Both water 
and spirit extract its virtues. Rhubarb root is 
purgative, stomachic and astringent. (?) It is 
chiefly used for the properties first mentioned. 
Externally, the powder is sometimes sprinkled 
over ulcers, to assist their granulation. Dose, Qj 
to 3SS powder. In a smaller dose, it is 
stomachic. 
Numerous species of Rheum, Rh. palmatum, 
Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum, have purga- 
tive roots. 
The rhubarbs most used in the United States 
are the Chinese or India Rhubarb - Rheum Si- 
nen'se vel In'dicum; the Russian, Turkey, or Bu- 
charian Rhubarb-Rheum Rus'sicum vel Tur'ci- 
cum; and European Rhubarb. 
Rheum Compactum, Rheum-r. Indicum, see 
Rheum-r. Palmatum, Rheum. 
Rheum Rhapon'ticum, Rhapon'tic Rhubarb; 
Rhapon'ticum, Rhabar'barum Dioscor'idis, R. 
Antiquo'rum, (F.) Rhapontique, Rhapontic. The 
root of this seems to have been the rhubarb of 
the ancients. It is more astringent than that of 
the rheum palmatum, and less purgative ; for the 
latter purpose, two or three drachms being re- 
quired for a dose. French, Rhapontic, or Krimea 
Rhubarb, is obtained from this species, as well as 
from Rh. undulatum, and Rh. compactum. 
Rheum Russicum, see Rheum-r. Sinense, see 
Rheum-r. Turcicum, see Rheum-r. Undulatum, 
see Rheum. < 
RHEUMA, Catarrh, Diarrhoea, Rheum, Rheu- 
matism. Also, inflammation of a fibrous tissue, 
as in rheumatism and gout.- Fuchs. 
Rheuma Catarrhale, Bronchitis, (chronic) 
•-r. Epidemicum, Bronchitis, chronic, Catarrh, 
epidemic - r. Pectoris, Catarrh - r. Uteri, Leu- 
corrhoea. 
RHEUMAPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
RHEUMARTHRITIS,see Rheumatism,acute. 
RHE UM ARTHROSIS, see Rheumatism, acute. 
RHEUMATALGIA, Rheumatism, chronic-r. 
Arthritiea, see Rheumatism, acute. 
RHEUMAT'IC, AAewmatT cue, Rheumatis'mat, 
(F.) Rhumatismale, Rhumatique. Belonging to 
rheumatism; as rheumatic fever. Also, applied 
to one affected with rheumatism; (F.) Rhuma- 
tisant. 
753 
RHEUMATISM 
Riieumat'ic Diath'esis, Diath'esis rhei.mat'- 
ica. The special condition of the body that gives 
occasion to rheumatism. It may exist without 
presenting the usual phenomena in the joints; 
whilst the heart may be seriously affected. 
RIIEU'MATISM, Catarrhat'a; from pcvpa, 'a 
defluxion, catarrh.' Dolor Rheumat'icus et ar- 
thrit'icus, (Hoffman,) Rheumato'sis, Myoso'tis, 
Rheuma, Alyodyn'ia, (F.) Rhumatisme. A kind 
of shifting phlegmasia, sometimes seated in the 
muscles, sometimes in the parts surrounding the 
joints; and at others, within them. Hence the 
names Muscular, Articular, and Synovial, which 
have been applied to it. The disease may be 
acute, or chronic. 
Rheumatism of the Abdomen, Coeliorrheuma. 
Rheumatism, Acute, Rhewnatis'mus acu'tus, 
Rh. articulo'rum acu'tus, Rh. universa'lis febri'lis, 
Arthro'sia acuta, Rheumatismus, Rh. inflammato'- 
rius seu hypersthen'icus, Rheumat'ic Fever, Rheu- 
matojj'yra, Rheumap'yra, Febris rheumat'ica in- 
fiammato'ria, Syn'ocha rheumat'ica, Myoso'tis, 
Myi'tis, Cauma rheumatis'mus, Arthri'tis rheuma- 
tismus, Arthro-rheumatis'mus, Synovi'tis rheuma- 
tisma'lis, Ifcemo -arthri'tis, (F.) Rhumatisme 
aigue, Fievre rhumatismale, usually comes on 
with the ordinary symptoms of fever ; soon after 
which, or simultaneously, or even before the ap- 
pearance of febrile signs, excruciating pains are 
felt in different parts of the body, particularly in 
the larger joints, which are more or less red and 
swollen; the pain shifting from one to the other, 
at times with great rapidity. The disease rarely 
terminates in less than six weeks, during the 
greater part of which period the febrile symptoms 
remain severe; and what is peculiar to the dis- 
ease, the skin may be covered daily with a pro- 
fuse perspiration, although it feels extremely hot, 
and the pulse appears in no way modified by it. 
It is one of the essential symptoms of the affec- 
tion, and consequently affords no relief. The 
only danger to be apprehended from acute rheu- 
matism, notwithstanding the apparent severity 
of the symptoms, is the translation or extension 
of the disease (metastat'ic rheu'matism) to some 
internal part, especially to the heart. This ten- 
dency must always be borne in mind. Acute 
rheumatism seldom terminates in chronic ; they 
who are liable to the former are rarely so to the 
latter, and conversely. The disease will gene- 
rally run its course in spite of treatment. The 
usual antiphlogistic plan had better be pursued 
during the first days of the disease. Blood-let- 
ting may be employed, if the vigour of the pa- 
tient and of the disease seem to require it; but, 
although the blood is generally buffy, bleeding 
does not usually seem to afford much relief. The 
bowels must be kept open ; effervescent draughts 
be administered, and opium be given in full doses 
to allay pain. This is, generally, all that is ne- 
cessary during the first week; after which, ad- 
vantage will usually be obtained from the exhi- 
bition of the sulphate of quinia with sulphuric 
acid. It does not augment the excitement, and 
will be found proper in almost all cases. Rheu- 
matic inflammation is very different from other 
varieties, and this may account for the anomaly. 
After a few weeks, the disease usually goes off, 
but leaves the patient very liable to a recurrence 
on slight exposures or errors of diet: at times, 
acute rheumatism of the joints puts on the ap- 
pearance of gout, and seems to be a. complication 
of the two affections. It is then called Gouty or 
Arthrit'ic rheumatism or Rheumatic gout, Rheu- 
matal'gia arthrit'ica, Rheuinarthro'sis, Rheumar- 
thri'tis, Arthri'tis rheumat'ica seu juveni'lis. 
Rheumatism of the Arm, Braehiorrheuwa- 
r. Arthritic, see Rheumatism, acute - r. of the RIIEUMATISMAL 
Bladder, Cystorrheuma-r. of the Bowels, Ente- 
rorrheuma. 
Rheumatism, Cap'sular, Rheumatis'mtts cap- 
eula'ris. Rheumatism seated in the lining mem- 
brane of the joints and bursae of the tendons. 
The parts most liable to its attacks are the feet 
and hands, where it is generally easily recognised 
by the enlargement of the joints; but the pecu- 
liar characters of the disease are, perhaps, most 
strikingly seen when it attacks the knee. 
Rheumatism of the Chest, Pleurodynia. 
Rheumatism, Chronic, Arthro'eia chron'ica, 
Rheumatismus chronicus scu nonfebri'lis, R. vul- 
ga'ris seu invetera'tus seu habitua'lis seu frig"i- 
dus, RheumataVgia, Rheumatodyn'ia, Arthrodyn'- 
ia, Arthritic arthrodynia, (F.) Rhumatisme chro- 
nique, Rhumatalgie, is attended with pains in the 
hips, shoulders, knees, and other large joints. 
These are, sometimes, confined to one joint; at 
others, shift from one to another, without occa- 
sioning inflammation, or fever. In this manner, 
the complaint often continues for a great length 
of time, and then goes off. There is no danger 
attendant upon it; but the patient may become 
lame, and is always liable to painful recurrences. 
Neither variety generally terminates in suppura- 
tion ; but effusion of coagulable lymph is apt to 
occur, so as to occasion permanent thickening of 
the parts. The great preventive of chronic rheu- 
matism, and one of the most valuable curative 
agents, is flannel, worn next the skin. The 
whole class of rubefacients may, also, be used 
with advantage. The warm bath, especially the 
natural warm bath, the temperature of which 
does not vary, is perhaps the most successful 
remedy of all. 
Rheumatism of the Extremities, Acrorrheu- 
ma-r. of the Face, Prosoporrheuma-r. Gouty, 
see Rheumatism, acute-r. of the Heart, Cardior- 
rheuma-r. Lead, see Lead rheumatism-r. of the 
Leg, Scelorrheuina-r. of a Limb, Merorrheuma 
-r. Local, Merorrheuma-r. of the Loins, Lum- 
bago- r. Metastatic, see Rh. acute - r. of the 
Neck, Torticollis-r. Partial, Merorrheuma. 
Rheumatism, Preabdom'inal, (F.) Rhumatis- 
me pri-abdominal. Rheumatism of the muscles 
of the anterior and lateral portions of the abdo- 
men ; supposed by MM. GSnest and Requin to 
be the same as the nervous affection of the peri- 
toneum of Gooch. 
Rheumatism of the Skin, see Dermalgia-r. 
Topical, Merorrheuma - r. of the Uterus, Me- 
trorrheuma. 
Rheumatism, Visceral. Rheumatism affect- 
ing the muscular or fibrous tissues of the viscera. 
Rheumatism Weed, Pyrola maculata, P. um- 
bellata. 
RIIEUMATISMAL, Rheumatic. 
RHEUMATISMUS, Abdominis, Coeliorrheu- 
ma - r. Acutus, Rheumatism, acute - r. Arti- 
culorum acutus, Rheumatism, acute - r. Bra- 
chii, Brachiorrheuma - r. Cancrosus, Neuralgia 
faciei - r. Cervicis, Torticollis - r. Colli, Torti- 
collis-r. Cordis, Cardiorrheuma-r. Cruris, Sce- 
lorrheuma-r. Dorsalis, Lumbago-r. Extremi- 
tatum, Acrorrheuma - r. Faciei, Prosoporrheu- 
ma-r. Febrilis, Dengue-r. Inflammatorius seu 
hypersthenicus, Rheumatismus acutus-r. Intes- 
tinorum, Enterorrheuma - r. Intestinorum cum 
ulcere, Dysentery-r. Larvatus, Neuralgia faciei 
- r. Local is, Merorrheuma-r. Membrorum sin- 
gulorum, Merorrheuma-r. Non febrilis, Rheu- 
matism, acute-- -r. Partialis, Merorrheuma - r. 
Pectoris, Pleurodynia-r. Phlegmonodes, Myosi- 
tis-r. Spurius nervosus, Neuralgia-r. Univer- 
salis febrilis, Rheumatism, acute-r. Uteri, Me- 
trorrheuma - r. Vesicae urinariae, Cystorrheuma 
754 
RIIINORRAPIIY 
r. Vulgaris seu inveteratus sen habitualis seu fri- 
gidus, Rheumatism, chronic. 
RIIEUMATODYNIA, Rheumatism, chronic. 
RHEUMATOPHTHAL'MIA, Rheumophthal'- 
mia; from piv pa, 'rheumatism,' and o</>0aApia, 
'inflammation of the eyes.' Rheumaitic oph- 
thalmia. 
RHEUMATOPYRA, Rheumatism, acute. 
RHEUMATOSIS, Rheumatism. 
RHEUM0P1ITHALMIA, Rheumatophthal- 
mia, Sclerotitis. 
RHEXIS, Rhegma, Dirup'tio, Rup'tio, Rup- 
tu'ra, Rupture. Rupture of a vessel or organ. 
Spontaneous opening of an abscess. 
Rhexis Oc'uli. Bursting of the eye from any 
cause ; spontaneous or excited. 
RHICNO'SIS, from piKvooyai, 'to become wrin- 
kled;' Cutis corruga'tio. Wrinkling of the skin 
from extenuation of the body; opposed to CKraaif, 
or distension from repletion. 
RHIGOS, Rigor. 
RUIN, Nasus. 
RIIINAL'GIA, Rhinodyn'ia, from piv, 'the 
nose,' and ayXos, 'pain.' Pain in the nose. 
Rhinal'gia ab Intru'sis. Pain in the nose 
from foreign bodies. 
Rhinal'gia Vermino'sa. Pain in the nose 
from worms. 
RIIINAN'CHONE, Rhinan'gia, Rhinostegno'- 
sis; from yiv, ' the nose,' and ayxovr>> ' narrow- 
ness.' Contraction of the nose. Snuffles. 
RIIINANGIA, Rhinanchone, Snuffles. 
RIIINCHOS, Rostrum. 
RIIINENCEPHALIA, Cyclopia. 
RIIINEN'CHYSIS, Rhinenchys'ia, from piv, 
' the nose,' ev, ' in,' and xvb)' ' I pour.' An infu- 
sion or injection, made into the nostrils, with a 
syringe called Rhinen'chites. 
RHINES, Nares. 
RHINI'TIS, Rasi'tis, from piv, pivof, 'the 
nose,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the nose. Coryza. 
Rhinitis Ulcerosa, Ozmna. 
RHINOBLENNORRHCEA, Rhinorrhcea. 
RHINOC'ACE, Cory'za scarlatino'sa; from 
piv, 'the nose,' and kokos, 'evil.' The offensive 
discharge from the nose, and other symptoms in- 
dicating a morbid condition of the Schneiderian 
membrane that accompany the worst forms of 
scarlatina. 
RHINOCATARRHUS, Coryza. 
RIIINOCNES'MUS, from piv, 'the nose,' and 
Kvrjapos, ' itching.' Itching of the nose. 
RHINODYNIA, Rhinalgia. 
RHINOPIIO'NIA, from piv, 'the nose,' and 
tpisvri, 'the voice.' A nasal voice, called, also, 
Dyspho'nia immodula'ta nasa'lis, Parapho'nia 
nasalis, Paraphonia res'onans, Psellis'mus na'si- 
tas, Mycteropho'nia, Na'sitas, Vox nasa'lis, Pa- 
rala'lia nasa'lis. Speaking through the nose. 
RHINOPLAS'TIC, Rhinoplas'tica (ars), from 
piv, ' the nose,' and irXaaaw, ' I form.' An epithet 
applied to the operation for forming a new nose. 
The Taliacotian operation, so called because de- 
scribed by Tagliacozzi. It consists in bringing 
down a portion of flesh from the forehead, and 
causing it to adhere to the anterior part of the 
remains of the nose. 
RHINOP'TIA, from piv, 'the nose,' and oy- 
royai, ' I see.' The act of seeing over the nose. 
Squinting over the nose. 
RHINORRHAGIA, Epistaxis. 
RHINOR'RIIAPHY, Rhinorrhaph'ia, from 
piv, ' nose,' and pa<pn, ' a suture.' An operation 
for the removal of epicanthis, which consists in 
pinmiing up a longitudinal fold of the skin, in- 
cluding this fold in two elliptical incisions, remo- RHINORRIICEA 
ring It, and bringing together the edges of the 
wound by harelip suture. 
RIIINORRHCE'A, Rhinoblennorrhoe'a, from 
piv, p<vos, 'the nose,' and pew, 'I flow.' A dis- 
charge-A limpid mucus from the nose without 
any iniMBmatory symptom. A gleet from the 
nose. 
RHINO'SIS, from pivof, 'a skin, leather,' or 
from piKpos, 'rugous.' The state of looseness and 
excess of skin observed in phthisis.- Vogel. 
RHINOSTEGNOSIS, Rhinanchone. 
RHIPTASMOS, Jactation. 
RHIPTOLUSIA, Affusion. 
RHIS, Nasus. 
RHIZA, Radix. 
RHIZAGRA, Punch. 
RHIZO'MA, Rhizome, from 'a root.' The 
part of the root of a plant, which consists of wood 
or flesh, as in the carrot. 
RIIIZOPH'AGUS, from 'a root,' and 
0ayw, 'I eat.' One who lives on roots. 
RHIZOTOMIST, see Simples. 
RHIZOTOMUS, Apothecary. 
RIIOA, Punica granatum. 
RHODEL.E'ON, Oleum rosa'rum. Oil of roses, 
or oil impregnated with roses. 
RHO'DIA, Rhodi'ola ro'sea, Rosea, Rosewort, 
(F.) Rhodiole. Sex. Sy st. Dioecia Octandria. The 
root, Roseroot, when dry, has a very pleasant 
smell, and is slightly astringent. It is not used. 
RHO'DINUS, Rho'dius, Rosa'ceus, Ro'seus, 
Rosa'tus. Rosy. Formed of, or containing, roses. 
RHODIOLA ROSEA, Rhodia. 
RHODIOLE, Rhodia. 
RHODITES VINUM. Wine in which roses 
have been macerated. 
RHO'DIUM LIGNUM, Rhodium or Rosewood. 
The wood or root of a tree supposed to be Ge- 
nis'ta Canarien'sis of Linnaeus. (F.) Bois de 
rose, Bois de Chypre. Family, Leguminosaj. 
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Docandria. The essential 
oil is a perfume, and possesses cordial and tonic 
virtues. Its smell is attractive to fish, rats, &c. 
RHODIUS, Rhodinus. 
RHODODAPHNIS, Nerium oleander. 
RHODODEN'DRON CHRYSAN'THEMUM, 
R. chrysan'thum seu au'reum seu officina'le, the 
Olean'der, Rose-bay, Yellow rhododendrum, Moun- 
tain Laurel, (F.) Rosage, R. chrysanthe. Nat. 
Ord. Ericaceae. Sex. Syst. Decandria Monogy- 
nia. This plant has been recommended in rheu- 
matism, gout, and syphilis. In an overdose, it 
produces aero-narcotic symptoms. 
Rhododen'dron Max'imum, Great Laurel, Ame- 
rican Rose-bay. An indigenous shrub, Order, 
Ericaceae, which flowers in July. It is stimulant 
and astringent, and has been used by the Indians 
in gout and rheumatism. 
RHODOME'LA PALMA'TA, Dulse, Saccha- 
rine Fueus. One of the Algae, eaten in large 
quantities throughout the maritime countries of 
the north of Europe, and in the Grecian Archi- 
pelago. 
RHODOMELI, Mel rosae. 
RIIODON, Rosa centifolia. 
RHODOSACCHARUM, Confectio rosae gal- 
licae. 
RHODOSTACTON, Mel rosae. 
RHODOSTAGMA, Aqua rosae. 
RIHEA, Punica granatum. 
RHCEAS, Papaver rhoeas. 
RHOEBDESIS, Absorption. 
RHCEUM, Rheum. 
RHOGMOS, Rattle. 
RHOI'TES, poirris, a wine impregnated with 
the pomegranate ; from pot{, Pomegranates, - 
Dioscorides. A confection, made by boiling the 
755 
RHUS 
juice of the pomegranate in honey. - Paulus of 
uEgina. 
RHOMBOIDEUS, from 'a rhombus,' 
whose sides are equal, with two obtuse and two 
acute angles. Rhomboideus major and minor, 
Rhombo'i' des, Cervici-dorso-scapulaire. A muscle 
situate at the posterior inferior part of the neck, 
and at the posterior part of the back. It has a 
rhomboidal shape, and is attached, by its inner 
edge, to the posterior cervical ligament, and to 
the spinous processes of the last cervical verte- 
bra, and of the first four or five dorsal. By its 
outer edge, it is attached to the spinal or poste- 
rior edge of the scapula. It is divided into two 
fasciculi, constituting the Rhomboideus major and 
minor, the latter being situate higher than the 
other. This muscle draws the scapula backwards 
and upwards, and impresses upon it a rotatory 
motion, which brings its inferior angle nearer to 
the spine; and, consequently, depresses the an- 
terior angle and the shoulder. 
RHOMBOS, A bandage mentioned by 
Galen, so called on account of its rhomboidal 
shape, 
RHONCHAL, Rhoncha'lis, from ronchus, 'rat- 
tle.' Relating or appertaining to rhonchus; - 
as 'rhonchal fluctuation,' the fremitus that occurs 
through the influence of respiration as an attend- 
ant on cavernous rhonchi. -Walshe. 
RHONCHUS, Rattle, Snoring, Stertor-r. Ca- 
vernous, see Gurgling -r. Cavernulous, see Gur- 
gling-r. Crepitans, Rdle crepitant-r. Crepitans 
Redux, see Crepitant - r. Mucous, see Rale mu- 
queux-r. Sibilans, see Rale crtpitant-r. Sibil us, 
Rale sibilant-r. Sonorus, R&le sonore-r:'Sub- 
crepitant, see Rale muqueux. 
RHOPALISMUS, Priapismus. 
RHOPALOSIS, Plica, Pupil, Uvea. 
RHOPE, Congestion. 
RHOTACISMUS, Rotacism. 
RHUBARB, Rheum - r. Chinese, see Rheum 
- r. French, Rheum Rhaponticum - r. India, 
see Rheum - r. Krimea, Rheum Rhaponticum 
-r. Monk's, Rumex Alpinus, Rumex patientia- 
r. Poor man's, Thalictron-r. Rhapontic, Rheum 
Rhaponticum-r. Russia, see Rheum-r. Turkey, 
see Rheum-r. Wild, Convolvulus panduratus. 
RHUBARBE FAUSSE, Thalictron - r. des 
Pauvres, Thalictron. 
RHUE, Ruta. 
RHUMATALGIE, Rheumatism, chronic. 
RHUMATIQUE, Rheumatic. 
RHUMATISANT, Rheumatic. 
RHUMATISMALE, Rheumatic. 
R H UJI AT I SME, Rheumatism - r. Aigu, 
Rheumatism, acute-r. Chronique, Rheumatism, 
chronic - r. Priabdominale, Rheumatism, prse- 
abdominal - r. de VUtirus, Metrorrheuma. 
RHUME, Rheum-r. de Gerveau, Coryza - 
r. de Poitrine, Catarrh. 
RHUS CORIA'RIA, Sumach, Shumach, Rhus 
Glabrum, Adu'rion, Elm-leaved Sumach, (F.) 
Sumac des Gorroyeurs. Family, Terebinthacese. 
Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. This is the 
only species of the genus rhus that is innocent. 
Both the leaves and berries have been used as 
astringents and tonics. 
Rhus Glabrum, Rh. coriaria. 
Rhus Radi'cans, Rhus vernix, Poison vine 
(America). This plant is poisonous (see Poisons, 
Table of), and is extremely acrid, when applied 
to the skin, producing erysipelas and vesications, 
and has been used, like the next variety, in pa- 
ralysis and other nervous affections. 
Rhus Sylvestris, Myrica gale. 
Rhus Toxicoden'dron, Toxicoden'dron, Poison 
Oak (America), (F.) Sumac vineneux. This plant 
has been used in paralytic affections and cutane- RHYPARIA 
ous eruptions. It is poisonous, like the last. 
Dose, gr. ss to gr. iv. 
Rhus Vernix, Rh. radicans. 
RHYPARIA, Rupia, Sordes primarum viarum. 
RHYPOS, Sordes. 
RHYPTICA, Detergents. 
RHYPTICUS, Abstergent. 
RHYSIS, Flux. 
RHYSMUS, Rhythm. 
RHYSSEMA, Wrinkle. 
RHYTHM, Rhythmus, Rhysmus, 'measured 
movement.' The order or proportion, as regards 
time, which reigns between the different move- 
ments of an organ - as of the heart; - or of the 
organism in health and disease. Thus, rhythm 
is applied to the diurnal variations of the pulse; 
and to the paroxysmal movements of an inter- 
mittent. 
RHYTHMICAL, Periodical. 
Rhythmical Contractions of Muscles, are 
those that succeed one another after regular in- 
tervals. 
RHYTHMUS, Rhythm. 
RHYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
RIB, Costa-r. False, see Costa-r. Floating, 
see Costa-r. Sternal, see Costa - r. True, see 
Costa. 
RIBES NIGRUM, R. ol'idum, Grossula'ria 
nigra, Cassis. The Black currant, (F.) Groseil- 
lier noir. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. 
The berries have been recommended in sore- 
throat, as diuretics. The leaves have been ad- 
vised for the same purpose. They are chiefly 
used as preserves. 
Ribes Olidum, R. nigrum - r. Officinale, R. 
rubrum. 
Ribes Rubrum, R. officina'le seu vulga're, 
Grossula'ria non spino'sa seu rubra, the Red cur- 
rant, (F.) Groseillier rouge; of which the White 
is only a variety. It is cultivated, and affords 
an agreeable fruit. It possesses the qualities of 
the subacid fruits in general, and makes an ex- 
cellent preserve. 
Ribes Vulgare, R. rubrum. 
RIBS, NECK OF THE, Collum costarum - 
r. Short, see Costa. 
RICE, Oryza-r. Disease, Cholera-r. Ground, 
see Oryza-r. Jelly, see Oryza. 
Rice Water, see Oryza. The evacuations of 
cholera have been termed - from their resem- 
blance to rice-water - ' rice-water discharges 
and in India, ' congee discharges- congee in 
Hindoostanee meaning 'rice-water.' 
Rice, Wild, Zizania aquatica. 
RICHARDSONIA, see Ipecacuanha. 
RICHLEAF, Collinsonia Canadensis. 
RICHWEED, Actaea racemosa, Ambrosia tri- 
fida, Collinsonia Canadensis, Pilea pumila. 
RICIN, Ricinus communis. 
RICINOIDES, Jatropha curcas. 
RIC"INUS COMMU'NIS. The Castor oil 
plant, Catapu'tia major, Ricinus vulga'ris seu 
vir'idis, Palma Christi, Faba purga'trix, Cerna, 
Kerua. Cici, (F.) Ricin, Five purgatif. Fa- 
mily, Euphorbiaceae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Mona- 
delphia. Castor-oil seeds, whence the oil is ob- 
tained, are inodorous; taste acrid and slightly 
sweetish. One or two seeds-Sem'ina Catapu'tice 
majoris seu Rie"ini vulga'ris-will act as a ca- 
thartic; but the oil is alone used. It is obtained 
by bruising the castor-seeds, previously decorti- 
cated, and then expressing the oil without the 
application of heat. Recently-drawn castor oil, 
Oleum de kerva, 0. kervi'num, Alker'va, Oleum 
Ric"ini, 0. Cic"inum, 0. Palmes lig'uidum, 0. 
de Palma Christi, (F.) Huile de Ricin, is inodor- 
ous and nearly insipid. It is cathartic, operating 
Speedily, and may be used in all cases where 
756 
RINGWORM 
powerfully stimulating purgatives would be in- 
jurious. Dose, i'5.) to Hufeland recom- 
mends that a drop of croton oil shall he ad- 
ded to an ounce of the oil of poppy, and that 
the mixture shall be called O'leum Ojfi- 
cina'le. 
At the Cape of Good Hope the oil is obtained 
from Ricinus liv'idus. 
A variety of Ricinus at Cape Verd is employed 
by the inhabitants to increase the secretion of 
milk. It is applied in the form of poultice, made 
with the green leaves, to the mamma:, or of a 
strong decoction, with which the mammae and 
the external parts of generation are washed. 
Ricinus Lividus, see Ricinus communis - r. 
Major, Jatropha curcas-r. Minor, Jatropha ma- 
nihot-r. Viride, R. communis-r. Vulgaris, R. 
communis. 
RICKETS, Rachitis. 
RICKETY, Rachiticus. 
RICTUS LUPINUS, see Harelip. 
RIDE, Wrinkle. 
RIDE, Wrinkled. 
RIDING (of Bones). Ossium superposit"io, 
(F.) Chevauchement. Displacement of the frag- 
ments of a bone, chiefly produced by the contrac- 
tion of muscles, which occasions shortening of 
the limb; the fractured extremities riding over 
each other, instead of being end to end. 
RIGIDITAS, Rigidity. 
Rigiditas Articulo'rum, Ancylo'sis spu'ria. 
Stiffness of the joints. False ancylosis. 
RIGIDITY, Rigid' itas, from rigere, 'to stiffen.* 
Great stiffness of fibre, or want of suppleness. 
The stiffness of the dead body, (F.) Roideur ca- 
davirique, is one of the most certain signs of the 
cessation of life. 
RI'GOR, Rhigos, Algor, Coldness, Cheim'ia, 
(F.) Frisson. Same etymon. Sensation of cold, 
with involuntary shivering of the whole body :- 
a symptom of fever. A slighter degree, and at 
times full rigor, is occasionally termed a chill, 
frigus ten'ue, perfrigera'tio. 
Rigor Artuum, Contractura-r. Cadaverosus, 
Rigor mortis - r. Corporis mortui, Rigor mortis 
- r. Emortualis, Rigor mortis - r. Maxillae infe 
rioris, Trismus. 
Rigor Mortis, R. cor'poris mor'tui, R. cada- 
vero'sus, R. emortua'lis, Necronarce'ma, (F.) Roi- 
deur ou Raideur cadavlrique. ' Stiffness of 
death.' Death stiffening. The rigidity of limbs 
that occurs on dissolution. 
Rigor Nervorum, Tetanus-r. Nervosus, Te- 
tanus. 
RIMA, Schisma, Schiza. A fissure, a cleft; as 
Rima, or Ri'mula Glot'tidis seu Laryn'gis, ' the 
opening of the glottis.* Rima vulva, R. magna, 
Intro'itus, Sinus vulra, Scapha, Scaphus seu Fis- 
su'ra magna seu Scissu'ra vulva, Schiza, ' the 
opening of the vulva.' See Vulva. 
Rima Canalis Orbitarii, Suborbitar fissure- 
r. ad Infundibulum, Vulva cerebri-r. Laryngis, 
Rima glottidis-r. Magna, Vulva, see Rima-r. 
Transversa Magna Cerebri, Fissure, transverse, 
of the brain. 
RIMA?, Rhagades. 
RIMULA GLOTTIDIS, Rima glottidis - r. 
Laryngis, Rima glottidis. 
RINA?US, Compressor naris. 
RINCHOS, Rostrum. 
RING, Sax. hpins, pins, Germ. Ring, Cricos, 
(F.) Anneau. A name given to natural, circular, 
or roundish apertures, with muscular or aponeu- 
rotic parietes, which serve for the passage of 
some vessel or canal: ■-as the umbilical ring, 
inguinal ring, ic. 
RINGWORM, Herpes circinatus - r. of the EIRE 
Scalp, Porrigo scutulata - r. Ulcerative, Herpes 
exedens-r. Vesicular, Herpes prasputii. 
RIRE ou RIS, Risus-r. Canin, Canine laugh 
- r. Moqueur, Canine laugh - r. Sardonien, Ca- 
nine laugh, Risus sardonicus- r. Sardonique, 
Canine laugh. 
RISAGON, Cassumuniar. 
RISIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
RISING, see Regurgitation-r. of the Lights, 
Cynanche trachealis. 
Rising or Eleva'tion of the Pulse, Pultii 
eleva'tio. The pulse is said to rise, when it be- 
comes more full and frequent, as occurs in the 
exacerbation of acute diseases. 
RISO'RIUS NOVUS. Santorini gives this 
name to a portion of the platysma myoides, 
which passes from the cheek towards the com- 
missure of the lips. 
RISSIGALLUM, Orpiment. 
RISUS, from ridere, risuni, 'to laugh.' Gelus, 
Laughing, Laughter, Laugh, (F.) Eire ou Ris. 
An involuntary movement of the muscles of the 
face, and of the lips in particular, accompanied 
with a sonorous and interrupted respiration, com- 
monly indicating mirth and satisfaction. 
Risus Apium, Ranunculus sceleratus - r. Ca- 
ninus, Canine laugh - r. Involuntarius, Canine 
laugh - r. Sardonicus, Canine laugh - r. Spasti- 
cus, Canine laugh. 
RITA-CRISTINA. A celebrated double mon- 
ster, born in Sardinia, in 1829. It lived to be 
nearly nine months old. Two distinct bodies 
were united at the pelvis. Below, the monster 
was single. 
RIVER WEED, Conferva rivalis. 
RIZ, Oryza. 
ROAN TREE, Sorbus acuparia. 
ROB, Roob, Robub, Rohob, Rohab, (F.) Extrait 
des fruits. This word, of Arabic extraction, 
means the juice of any fruit thickened to the 
consistence of honey by evaporation, before it 
has fermented. The juice of the grape, boiled to 
this consistence, was called Sapa, and, when not 
quite so thick, Defru'tum. 
Rob Cynosbatos, Confectio rosie caninee- r. 
ex Moris, Diamorion - r. Nucum, Diacaryon. 
ROBIN RUN-AWAY, Glechoma hederacea. 
ROBIN'IA AMA'RA, Family, Leguminosae. 
Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. The roots of 
the Robinia amara of Cochin China are bitter, 
and have been recommended, especially in that 
country, in diarrhoea and dyspepsia. 
Robinia Pseudo-Aca'cia, Pseudaca'cia odo- 
ra'ta, False Aca'cia, Black Locust, Locust-tree ; 
native of America. The flowers are said to pos- 
sess antispasmodic properties. 
ROBORANS, Corroborant. 
ROBORANTIA, Tonics. 
ROBUB, Rob. 
ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella - r. Tinctoria, 
Lichen roccella. 
ROCHE'S EMBROCATION FOR HOOPING- 
COUGH. An empirical preparation, composed 
of ol. oliv. ol. succin. ol. caryoph., 
q. s. to scent it strongly. 
ROCHER, see Temporal bone. 
ROCHETTA ALEXANDRINA, Soda. 
ROCKET, GARDEN, Brassica eruca-r. Ro- 
man, Brassica eruea. 
ROCK ROSE, Helianthemum Canadense, II. 
Corymbosum. 
ROCOU, Terra Orleana. 
RODSCHIEDIA BURSA PASTORIS, Thlaspi 
bursa. 
ROGNE, Psora. 
ROHAB. Rob. 
ROH ENA BARK, Swietenia. 
ROHOB, Rob. 
757 
ROSA 
ROHUN, see Strychnos nux vomica. 
ROIDEUR CADAVER IQ UE, Rigor mortis. 
ROISDORFF, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Alkaline waters in Germany, which contain car- 
bonic acid and carbonate of soda. 
ROLLER, Bandage, Fascia. 
ROMARIN, Rosmarinus-r. Sauvage, Ledum 
sylvestre. 
ROME, (CLIMATE OF.) The climate of 
Rome, as regards its physical qualities, is con- 
sidered to be one of the best in Italy. It is pe- 
culiarly still; and, hence, has been esteemed 
favorable as a winter climate in pulmonary dis- 
eases, and for invalids generally, as it admits of 
their taking exercise in the open air at a lower 
temperature than they otherwise could do. In 
the early stages of consumption, Sir James Clark 
generally found the climate favourable. 
ROMPEURE, Hernia. 
RONCE, Rubus idaeus- r. Bleue, Rubus cae- 
sius - r. de Montagne, Rubus chainaemorus- r. 
Noire, Rubus fruticosus. 
RONCHUS, Snoring, Stertor. 
ROND, Round - r. Grand, Teres major - r. 
Petit, Teres minor. 
RONFLEMENT, Snoring, Stertor, see Rattle 
- r. de Diable, Emit de Diable. 
ROOB, Rob. 
ROOF OF THE MOUTH, Palate. 
ROOT, Radix - r. Ague, Aletris farinosa - r. 
Bitter, Apocynum androsaemifolium-r. Canada, 
Asclepias tuberosa-r. Red, Celastrus-r. Rough, 
Liatris-r. of Scarcity, Beta hybrida-r. Squaw, 
Actaea racemosa - r. Sweet, Acorus calamus-r. 
Unicorn, Aletris farinosa-r. Yellow, Xanthoriza 
apiifolia - r. Yellow, Jeffersonia Bartoni. 
ROPE BARK, Dirca palustris. 
ROQUETTE, Brassica eruca, Soda. 
RORELLA, Drosera rotundifolia. 
RORIF'EROUS, Ror'ifer, (F.) Rorifire, from 
ros, ' dew,' and/erro, ' to carry.' An epithet given 
to vessels which pour exhaled fluids on the sur- 
face of organs. 
Roriferous Duct, Thoracic duct. 
ROS, Sperm-r. Calabrinus, Fraxinus ornus- 
r. Solis, Drosera rotundifolia. 
ROSA, R. centifolia - r. Afzeliana, R. canina. 
Rosa Alba, R. t/sitatis'sima, R. leucan'tha. 
The White Rose, (V.) Rosier blanc. Family, Ro- 
sace®. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The 
flowers of this species possess similar but inferior 
qualities to the damask. 
Rosa Armata, R. canina - r. Austriaca, R. 
Gallica - r. Calycina, R. canina. 
Rosa Cani'na, R. sylves'tris sen sentico'sa sen 
Swartzia'na seu Afzelia'na sen arma'ta seu caly- 
ci'na seu rubra vulga'ris, Oynor'rhodon, Caniru'- 
bus, Cani'nus Sentis, Cynocyt'isus, Cy nospas'turn, 
Cynos'batos, Dog Rose, Wild Briar, Hip Tree, 
(F.) Rose du chien, Eglantier de chien, E. eau- 
vage. The fruit of this variety, called Heps or 
Hips, has a sourish taste, and is formed into a 
conserve. See Confectio cynosbati. It is seldom 
employed, except to give form to more active 
remedies; as to pills, boluses, linctuses, <tc. 
Rosa Centifo'lia; Hecatomphyl'la, Damask 
Rose, Rosa Damasee'na, R. Pallida, (F.) Rosier 
d cent feuilles, Rhodon, Rosa. The petals of this 
rose have an extremely fragrant odour, and sub- 
acidulous taste. They are laxative; but are 
scarcely used for any purposes except for the 
distillation of rose water, Oil of Roses, Oleum 
Rosa, and the formation of a syrup. 
Rosa Damascena, R. centifolia. 
Rosa Gal'lica, R. Austriaca, Rosa rubra, Red 
Rose, (F.) Rosier de Provins. The petals of this 
variety are astringent; and are used in infusion, 
conserve, Ac. nos ACE 
Rosa Leecantha, R. alba-r. Pallida, R. cen- 
tifolia- r. Rubra, R. Gallica-r. Rubra vulgaris, 
R. canina - r. Saltans, Essera - r. Senticosa, R. 
eanina-r. Swartziana, R. canina-r. Sylvestris, 
R. canina-r. Usatitissima, R. alba. 
11 OS ACE, Roseola. 
ROSACE US, Rhodinus. 
ROSAGE, Rhododendron chrysanthemum. 
ROSAGO, Nerium oleander. 
ROSALIA, Scarlatina. 
ROSALEE, Scarlatina. 
ROS AT US, Rhodinus. 
ROSE, Erysipelas - r. Christmas, Helleborus 
niger-r. Corn, Papaver rhoeas-r. Damask, Rosa 
centifolia-r. Dog, Rosa canina-r. Dog, conserve 
or confection of, Confectio rosse caninse - r. du 
chien, Rosa canina - r. Rash, Roseola - r. Red, 
Rosa Gallica - r. Rock, Helianthemum Corym- 
bosum-r. Spots, Spots, red-r. White, Rosa alba. 
ROSEA, Rhodia. 
ROSEBALM, SCARLET, Monarda coccinea. 
ROSEBAY, AMERICAN, Rhododendron 
maximum. 
ROSE DROP, Gutta rosea. 
ROSELLINA, Roseolae. 
ROSEMARY, Rosmarinus-r. Marsh, Statice 
limonium, and S. Caroliniana - r. Wild, Erioce- 
phalus umbellulatus. 
ROSENHEIM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Rosenheim is 34 miles S. E. from Munich, in 
Bavaria. The waters contain sulphuretted hy- 
drogen, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chlo- 
rides of calcium and magnesium, carbonate of 
soda, and oxide of iron. They are used as tonics. 
ROSE'OLA, Exanthe' sis Roseola, Rose Rash, 
(F.) Rostole, Eruption anomale, Rosace, Figure 
rouge, Efflorescence erysipelateuse. ' An efflores- 
cence in blushing patches, gradually deepening 
to a rose-colour, mostly circular or oval; often 
alternately fading and reviving; sometimes, with 
a colourless nucleus; and chiefly on the cheeks, 
neck, or arms. It is frequently found, as a 
symptom, in dentition, dyspepsia, rheumatism, 
&c., and is of no consequence. See Roseola, 
Rubeola, and Scarlatina. 
Roseola Acnosa, Gutta rosea. 
Roseola ASsti'va. The affection which pre- 
vails in summer. The eruption is of a darker 
colour, and is attended with more itching. 
Roseola Annula'ta. Characterized by patches 
in the form of rose-coloured rays, with central 
areas of the colour of the skin. 
Roseola Eicosa, Sycosis - r. Variolosa, Ro- 
seolae. 
ROSE'OLjE, Roseola, Roselli'na, False mea- 
sles, French measles, (F.) Roseole, Fausse rougtole. 
This name is also given by some to an acute ex- 
anthem, midway between measles and scarlatina, 
and which belongs to neither one nor the other, 
as it affords no protection against either. It is, 
also, termed Rubeola by some. An eruption 
which often precedes that of small-pox is termed 
Roseola Variolo'sa. 
ROSEOLE, Roseola, Roseolte. 
ROSE PINK, Chironia angularis. 
ROSES, MILK OF. A cosmetic wash, formed, 
according to one method, of subcarbonate of po- 
tass, gr. vj ; oil of almonds, 3j ; essence of berga- 
mot, Xij ; aqua rosa, 3*0 5 orange flower water, 
J?ij- Mix. 
ROSEUS, Rhodinus. 
ROSEWOOD, Rhodium lignum. 
ROSEWORT, Rhodia. 
ROSIER BLANC, Rosa alba - r. d Cent 
jeuilles, R. centifolia - r. de Provins, Rosa Gal- 
li ca. 
ROSIN, BLACK, Colophonia - r. Brown, Co- 
lophonia - r. Weed, Silphium terebinthaceum - 
758 
ROUCOU 
r. White, see Pinus sylvestris - r. Yellow, see 
Pinus sylvestris. 
ROSIO STOMACHI, Cardialgia - r. Ventri- 
culi, Cardialgia. 
ROSMARINUM, Rosmarinus. 
ROSMARI'NUS, R. officina'lia seu I at if o'Hue 
seu horten'sis, Alchach.il, Libano'tis corona'ria, 
Dendrolib' anus, Rosemary, (V.)Romarin. Family, 
Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. The 
tops of this plant, Rosmarinus, (Ph. U. S.) Herba 
Anthos, have a fragrant, grateful smell; and an 
aromatic, warm, bitterish taste, which is depend- 
ent upon an essential oil, combined with camphor. 
Rosemary has been recommended in nervous 
headachs, in the form of infusion. It is now 
rarely used, except for its odour. The flower is 
called Anthos, av$os. Its oil-Oleum Rosmarini 
- is officinal. From two to six or ten drops are 
given in nervous complaints, rubbed up with 
sugar. 
Rosmarinus Hortensis, Rosmarinus-r. Lati- 
folius, Rosmarinus-r. Officinalis, Rosmarinus- 
r. Staechadis facie, Teucrium creticum - r. Syl- 
vestris, Ledum sylvestre. 
ROSSALIA, Scarlatina-r. Squamosa, Scarla- 
tina. 
ROSSIG'NOL. A name given, in France, to 
an affection to which pressmen are subject. It 
is a sprain, followed by tumefaction of the radio- 
carpal joint. 
ROSSOLIO, see Spirit. 
ROSTRUM, Rhinchos, Rinchos, Ramphos, 'a 
beak.' (F.) Rec. A name given to several old 
forceps, ou account of their resemblance to the 
beaks of different birds. The principal were the 
Rostrum coni' num, anati'num, psittaei'num, vul- 
turi'num, cyg'neum vel oZori'num, grui'num, lacer- 
ti'num, &c. 
Rostrum Externum, Olecranon-r. Porcinum, 
Acromion-r. Posterius, Olecranon-r. Sphenoi- 
dale, Azyges processus. 
ROSY BUSH, Spiraea tomentosa - r. Drop, 
Gutta rosea - r. Whelk, Gutta rosea. 
ROT, Eructation. 
ROT, Grinders', Asthma, grinders'. 
ROT'ACISM, Rotacism'us, Rhotacis'mus, Psel- 
lis'mus rhotacis'mus, (F.) Grasseyement. A vi- 
cious pronunciation of the Greek, P, Rau, com- 
mon in the northern parts of England; especially 
near Newcastle. 
ROTACISMUS, Grasseyement. 
ROTA'TOR, from rota, 'a wheel.' A name 
given to several muscles that turn the parts to 
which they are attached upon their axes; - such 
as, the oblique muscles of the eye, the pronators, 
supinators, <tc. 
Rotator, Trochanter. 
ROTATO'RES DORSI. Eleven smull mus- 
cles on each side of the dorsal vertebrae, which 
arise from the point or upper edge of each trans- 
verse process, and pass to the lower edge of the 
arch of the vertebra above, as far as the base of 
the transverse process. Their action is to rotate 
the individual vertebrae on each other. 
Rotatores Femoris, Obturatores - r. Oculi, 
Oblique muscles of the eye. 
ROTULA, Patella, Trochiscos - r. Genu, Pa- 
tella. 
ROTULAD, see Rotular aspect 
ROT'ULAR; from rotula, 'the patella.' Re- 
lating or appertaining to the patella. 
Rot'ular Aspect. An aspect towards the 
side on which the rotula is situated. - Barclay. 
Rot'ulad is used by the same writer, adverbially, 
to signify ' towards the rotular aspect' 
ROTULE, Patella. 
ROTUNDUS, Round. 
ROUCOU, Terra Orleana. ROUEN 
ROUEN, MINERAL WATERS OF. This 
water, known under the name, Eau des fontaines 
de la Marfguerie, is cold, and contains carbonate 
of iron, carbonic acid, carbonate of lime, chloride 
of calcium, <fcc. It is tonic. 
ROUGE, Colcothar - r. d'Angleterre, Colco- 
thar. z 
ROUGEOLE, Rubeola - r. Fausse, Roseolas. 
ROUGE URS, Flush. 
ROUGH ROOT, Liatris. 
BOUILLE, Rubiginous. 
ROUND, Teres, Rotun'dus, (F.) Rond. Ana- 
tomists have given this name to many organs 
whose fibres are collected in round fasciculi. See 
Teres. 
Round Foramen, Fora'men rotund'um. A 
foramen of the sphenoid bone, a little behind the 
foramen lacerum superius, which gives passage 
to the second branch of the fifth pair of nerves, 
called superior maxillary. 
Round Heart, Thaspium atropurpureum. 
Round Ligaments of the Uterus, Ligamen'ta 
rotund'a U'teri, (F.) Cordons sus-pubiens (Ch.), 
Cordons vasculaires, Ligaments ronds de I'utirus. 
Two cords, which arise from the lateral and su- 
perior parts of the uterus, whence they proceed 
towards the abdominal rings, which they pass 
through, and terminate by vanishing in the areo- 
lar tissue of the groins, mons veneris, and labia 
inajora. These cords are whitish, flattened, and 
narrower in the middle than at the extremities. 
According to Mr. Rainey, they are composed 
chiefly of the striped muscular fibre. 
ROUTINE PRACTITIONER, Routinist. 
ROUTINIST, pronounced routeen'ist; (F.) 
Routinier; from (F.) routine; ' a regular habit or 
practice, unvaried by circumstances.' One who 
practises in such an unvaried manner: - a rou- 
tine practitioner. 
RUBBER, INDIAN, Caoutchouc. 
RUBBING SOUNDS, Bruit de Frottement. 
RUBE'DO, Rubor, Redness; from rnbere, 
'to be red.' A diffused, but not spotted, redness 
on any part of the skin; like that which arises 
from blushing. Blushing. 
RUBEFA'CIENT, Erethis'ma, Erethis'ticum, 
Rubefa'ciens, from ruber, 'red,' and fa'do, ' I 
make.' (F.) Rublfiant. That which produces 
redness. A medicine which causes redness of 
the skin. The action is called Rubefaction. 
R UBEFIANT, Rubefacient. 
RUBE'OLA, Rubeola vulga'ris, from rubere, 
'to be red.' Rose'ola, Exanthe'sis Rubeola, Ve- 
tera'na, Blac'cieB, Bodl'lee, Morbil'li, Scarlati'na 
pustulo'sa, S. Milia'ris, Febris morbillo'sa, Ty- 
phus morbillosus, Phoenicis'mus, Ecphy'mata, Mea- 
sles; (F.) Rougeole, Fiivre morbilleuse. One of 
the major exanthemata; generally affecting indi- 
viduals but once, and produced by specific conta- 
gion. The rash usually appears on the fourth, 
but sometimes on the third, fifth, or sixth day of 
a febrile disorder; and, after a continuance of 
four days, gradually declines with the fever. 
The disease generally commences from ten to 
fourteen days after the contagion has been re- 
ceived. The eruption first shows itself in dis- 
tinct, red, and nearly circular spots, somewhat 
less than the ordinary areolae of flea-bites. As 
these increase in number, they coalesce; forming 
small patches of an irregular figure, but approach- 
ing nearest to that of semicircles or crescents. 
These patches are intermixed with single, circu- 
lar dots and with interstices of the natural colour 
of the skin. On the face they are slightly raised, 
so as to give the sensation of inequality of surface 
to the finger passed over the cuticle. The disap- 
pearance of the eruption is followed by desqua- 
mation of the cuticle. Measles is not dangerous 
759 
) RUB US 
of itself; but it is liable to induce pneumonia in 
winter, and dysentery in summer, which are, at 
times, very fatal. These are apt to come on at 
the time of, or soon after, the disappearance of 
the eruption. When they supervene, they must 
be treated as idiopathic affections. It demands 
a general antiphlogistic treatment. Willan has 
pointed out a kind of Rubeola spu'ria, which 
he calls Rubeola sine Catar'rho. In this the 
rash runs its regular course, with little fever or 
catarrhal affection ; affording no certain security 
against the common or regular disease. lie also 
gives the name, Rubeola Nigra or Black Mea- 
sles, to an unusual appearance of the measles 
about the seventh or eighth day, when the rash 
becomes suddenly livid, with a mixture of yellow. 
It is devoid of inconvenience or danger; and is 
removed in a week or ten days by the mineral 
acids and tonics. 
RUBEOLAS, Roseolas. 
RU'BIA, R. Tincto'rum seu peregri'na seu syl- 
ves'tris, Erythrod'anum, Rubia major, Radix 
rubra, Dyer's Madder, Madder, (F.) Garance. 
Family, Rubiace®. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Mo- 
nogynia. The roots of this plant have a bitterish, 
somewhat austere, taste, and a slight, not agree- 
able, smell. They were formerly considered de- 
obstruent, detergent, and diuretic. 
RUBIG"INOUS, Rubigino'sus, from rubigo, 
'rust.' (F.) Rouilli. Rusty. Having the colour 
of rust An epithet given to the sputa in certain 
cases of pneumonia. 
RUBINUS VERUS, Anthrax. 
RUBOR, Rubedo. 
RUBRI'CA FABRI'LIS. A red, heavy, 
earthy matter, formerly employed for making 
drying plasters ; Hard Ruddle, Red Chalk. 
Rubrica Sinop'ica. A heavy, compact, red- 
dish earth : formerly used in diarrhoea. 
RUBRIN, H® matin. 
RUBUS AFFINIS, R. fruticosus. 
Rubus Arc'ticus. The Shrubby Strawberry, 
Dacca Norland'icce. Family, Rosace®. Sex. 
Syst. Icosandria Polygynia. The fruit is recom- 
mended by Linnaeus as possessing antiseptic, re- 
frigerant, and antiscorbutic qualities. 
Rubus Batus, R. Caesius. 
Rubus C.e'sius, R. batus; the Dewberry plant, 
(F.) Ronce bleue. The fruit resembles the black- 
berry in appearance and properties. The bark 
of the root of R. Trivia'lis, American Dewberry, 
is astringent. 
Rubus Chamajmo'rus ; the Cloudberry Tree, 
Chamamo'rus, C. Norwegica, Chamadrys, Cloud- 
berries, Knot-berries, (F.) Ronce de Montagne. 
The ripe fruit is sometimes prepared like a jam, 
and used in fevers, <fcc., to allay thirst. It has 
been much extolled as an antiscorbutic. 
Rubus Frambcesianus, R. Idaeus. 
Rubus Frutico'sus, R. affi'nis seu panicula'- 
tus seu nig er sea. vxdga'ris; the Common Bram- 
ble, which affords Blackberries, (F.) Ronce noire. 
The berries are eaten as a summer fruit, of which 
they form a poor variety. The bark of the root 
of the Rubus villo'sus, American Blackberry, 
High, or standing blackberry, Hairy American 
Bramble, is astringent, and has been used in the 
last stages of dysentery, and in cholera infantum. 
Bubus Id.e'us, R. framboesia'nus, Batos ; the 
Raspberry, (F.) Framboise, Ronce. The fruit of 
the best varieties is extremely agreeable; and is 
much used. It was, formerly, called Batinon 
moron. 
Rubus Niger, R. fruticosus - r. Paniculatus, 
R. fruticosus. 
Rubus Strigo'sus, Wild red raspberry, of the 
United States. The leaver are often used as « 
mild astringent. RUCTAMEN 
Rubus Trivialis, see Rubus caesius- r. Vil- 
losus, see Rubus fruticosus - r. Vulgaris, R. fru- 
ticosus. 
RUCTAMEN, Eructation. 
RUCTATIO, Eructation. 
RUCTUATIO, Eructation. 
RUCTUOSITAS, see Eructation. 
RUCTUS, Eructation-r. Acidus, Oxyregmia 
•-r. Nidorosus, Cnissoregmia. 
RUDDLE, HARD, Rubrica fabrilis. 
RUDOLPHIA FRONDOSA, Butea frondosa. 
HUE, Ruta-r. Common, Ruta-r. de Chevre, 
Galega officinalis-r. Goat's, Galega officinalis - 
r. Goat's, Virginia, Galega Virginiana- r. Mea- 
dow, Thalictron - r. des Murailles, Asplenium 
ruta muraria - r. des Pris, Thalictron - r. Sau- 
vage, Ruta. 
RUFT, Eructation. 
RUGA, Wrinkle. 
RUGINE, Raspatorium. 
RUGISSEMENT, Rugitus. 
RUGI'TUS, Brycheth'mos, from rugire, rugi- 
tum, 'to roar.' (F.) Rugissement. A Latin word, 
which ordinarily expresses the roaring of the lion : 
and which is used, by some medical writers, to 
designate a particular species of borborygmus 
compared to it. 
RUGOSE, Wrinkled. 
RUGOUS, Wrinkled. 
RUM, Tafia, Molas'ses Spirit. A spirit dis- 
tilled from sugar, or molasses. See Spirit. 
RUMA, Mamma. 
RUMEN, Hypogastrium. 
RUMEX ACETO'SA, R. tubero'sus seu inter- 
me'dius, Lap'athum pratense, Common Sorrel, 
Ox'alis Aceto'sa, Acetosa vulga'ris seu prnten'sis, 
Anax'yris, A. arven'sis, Sorrel, Sour dock, Ace- 
tosa nostras, (F.) Oseille. Family, Polygonese. 
Sex. Syst. Hexandria Trigynia. The leaves are 
sour, and are used in cookery, and also as a re- 
frigerant. 
Rumex Acu'tus ; Sharp-pointed Wild dock, 
Oxylap'athum, Lap'athum, L. sylves'tre seu acu'- 
tum, Rumex, R. paludo'sus seu pusil'lus, Lap'a- 
thos, (F.) Patience sauvage. The decoction of 
the root has long been used in cutaneous affec- 
tions. It is, sometimes, employed for the cure 
of the itch. 
Rumex JEtnensis, R. scutatus. 
Rumex Alpi'nus, Aceto'sa Alpi'na. The sys- 
tematic name of the plant that affords the Monk's 
Rhubarb, (F.) Rhabarbe des Moines. See Rumex 
patientia. 
Rumex Aquaticus, Rumex hydrolapathum - 
r. Britannica, Rumex hydrolapathum - r. Con- 
fertus, R. patientia-r. Digynus, Oxyria reniformis 
-r. Glaucus, R. scutatus-r. Hastatus, R. scuta- 
tus-r. Hastifolius, R. scutatus. 
Rumex Hydrolap'athum, Water-Dock, Hy- 
drolapathum, Rumex aquat'icus, Herba Britan'- 
nica, Rumex Britan'nica, Lap'athum aquat'icum, 
(F.) Parelle, Patience d'eau. The leaves of this 
plant are subacid, and said to be laxative. The 
root has been used as a tonic, astringent, and 
antiscorbutic. It has also been employed exter- 
nally in some cutaneous affections. 
Rumex Intermedius, R. acetosa. 
Rumex Obtusifo'lius, Lap'athum sylvestrf, 
hlunt-leaved Dock. The root of this, as well as 
of R. crispus, has similar virtues to that of the 
ether species. 
Rumex Oxyotus, R. scutatus - r. Paludosus, 
R. acutus. 
Rumex Patien'tia, R. confer'tus, Lap'athum 
horten'se, Rhabar'barum monacho'rum, Hippolap' - 
athum, Patien'tia, Garden Patience, Monk's Rhu- 
barb, (F.) Patience. This root, which is sup- 
posed to possess the virtues of rhubarb, but in an 
760 
RUTA 
inferior degree, is, according to Linnaeus, obtained 
from the JOouex patientaccording to Hurray, 
from the Rumex alpi'nus. 
Rumex PusillVs, R. acutus. 
Rumex Sanguin'eus. The root of the bloody 
dock has an austere and astringent taste; and 
has been employed in dysentery. It is called, 
also, Lap'athum sanguin'eum, (F.) Oseille ou Pa- 
tience Rouge, Sangdragon. 
Rumex Scuta'tus, R. glaucus sen hastifo'lius 
seu xEtnen'sis seu oxyotus seu hasta'tus, French 
Sorrel, Aceto'sa rotundifo'lia seu Roma'na seu 
Rotundifolia horten'sis seu scuta'ta, Lap'athum 
scuta'tum seu rotundifo'lia, Roman or Garden 
Sorrel, Green Sauce, (F.) Oseille boucher, Oseille 
ronde, Petite 0. Virtues the same as those of 
the common sorrel. 
Rumex Tuberosus, R. acetosa. 
RUMINA'TION, Rumina'tio, from rum a or 
rumen, ' the gullet.' Merycis'mus. A function 
peculiar to ruminating animals, by which they 
chew a second time the food they have swal- 
lowed. An analogous phenomenon is sometimes 
seen in man. 
RUMP, Croupion-r. Bone, Coccyx. 
RUNCINA, Raspatorium. 
RUNCINULA, Raspatorium. 
RUNNET, Rennet. 
RUNNING, Cursus, (F.) Course. A succession 
of leaps, executed with rapidity, to transport the 
body quickly from one place to another. 
RUNUNCULA, Raspatorium. 
RUPES, Lips of the Vulva. 
RU'PIA, Ulcus aton'icum, Ecphly'sis Rhy'pia, 
Rhypa'ria, from pvn-oj, ' filth.' An eruption of 
large flattish blebs, which contain a fluid-at first 
serous, afterwards puriform, and often bloody, 
which rapidly concretes into crusts, at the base 
of which are ulcers of variable depths. 
It requires the use of tonics internally, and of 
stimulating ointments externally. 
RUPTIBILITAS, Fragilitas. 
RUPTIO, Rhexis. 
RUPTORIUM, Cauterium-r. Commune, Po- 
tassa fusa. 
RUPTURA, Ecrexis, Hernia, Laceration, 
Pvbexis - r. Cornese, Ceratorrhexis-r. Herniosa, 
Hernia-r. Ovarii, Oariorrhexis-r. Uteri, Uterus, 
rupture of the - r. Vaginae, Colporrhexis. 
RUPTURE, Hernia, Rhexis - r. du Coeur, 
Cardiorrhexis - r. of the Groin, Bubonocele-r. 
de la Matrice, Uterus, rupture of the - r. Wort, 
Herniaria glabra. 
RUPTURED, see Hernial. 
RUSCUS, R. aculea'tus, Bruscus, Oxymyr'- 
rhine, Oxymyr'sine, Myrtacan'tha, Catan'geldh, 
Myacan'tha, Sco'pia re'gia, Wild Myrtle, Centro- 
myrine, Butcher's Broom, (F.) Petit houx, Fragon. 
Family, Smilaceaj. Sex. Syst. Dicecia Monadel- 
phia. The root has been recommended as an 
aperient and diuretic. 
Ruscus Aculeatus, Ruscus. 
Ruscus Hypoglos'sum; Uvula'ria, Hypoglos- 
sum, Bislin'gua, Bonifa'cia, Laurus Alexandri'na 
angustifo'lia, (F.) Laurier Alexandria. Formerly 
used against relaxed uvula. 
RUSH, SWEET, Acorus calamus, Juncus odo- 
ratus. 
RUSMA, see Orpiment. 
RUSPINI'S STYPTIC, see Styptic, Ruspini's. 
Ruspi'ni's Tincture for the Teeth. An em- 
pirical preparation, composed of Florentine orris 
Sviij, cloves 5j, rectified spirit Oij, ambergris 7)i. 
RUT, Heat. 
RUTA, Ruta graveolens seu horten'sis seu al'- 
tera, Common Rue, Peg'anum, Besa'sa, (F.) Rue, 
Rhue, Rue sautage. Family, Rutaceai. Sex. 
Syst. Decandria Monogynia. The plant has a RUTABULUM 
strong, ungrateful odour, and bitter pungent 
taste. It is acrid, so as to blister the skin. Its 
properties are reputed to be tonic, stimulant, an- 
tispasmodic, and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. xv 
to 9 ij- 
Oleum. Ruta, distilled Oil of Rue, is antispas- 
modic ; and, externally, rubefacient. Dose, gtt. 
ij to vj. 
Ruta Altera, Ruta-r. Capraria, Galega offi- 
cinalis-r. Graveolens, Ruta-r. Ilortensis, Ruta 
- r. Muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria.. 
RUTABULUM, Penis. 
RUTA'CEUM, from Ruta, 'raz.' Vinegar of 
rue. 
RUTIDOMA, see Rutidosis. 
RUTIDO'SIS, Rytido'sis, Rhytido'sis, from 
pvnJow, 'I wrinkle.' The act of wrinkling; as 
761 
SACCHARUM 
Rutido'ma means a shrivelled or wrinkled body, 
A destruction or atrophy of the eye. Corruga- 
tion and subsidence of the cornea. 
RUYSCHIA'NA TU'NICA, (F.) Lame ou 
Jfem&rane Ruyechienne. According to Ruysch, 
and the greater part of his disciples, the choroid 
coat of the eye is formed of two laminae. His 
son gave to the inner the name Tunica Ruyschi- 
a'na or Membra' na Ruyachia'na seu Ruysch'ii. 
Tu'nica Cellulo'sa Ruyachia'na is the areolar 
substance under the peritoneal covering of the 
stomach. It is not numbered among the coats 
of that organ. 
RYE, Secale - r. Horned, Ergot - r. Spurred, 
Ergot. 
RYTIDOSIS, Rutidosis. 
RYTIS, Wrinkle. 
s. 
S. A. <tc., see Abbreviation. 
SABADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla, see Vera- 
trina. 
SABADILLIN, see Veratrina. 
SABATILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
SABBATIA, Chironia angularis-s. Angularis, 
Chironia angularis. 
SABINA, Juniperus sabina. 
SABINE, Juniperus sabina. 
SABLE, Maculo'sus, ' sanded.' Having the 
appearance as if strewed with sand. The terms 
eabli and piqueti are sometimes applied to the 
brain, when a slice of it exhibits red points as if 
it had been strewed with red sand. Such is the 
case in cerebral hyperaemia. 
SABOT DE VENUS JAUNE, Cypripedium 
luteum. 
SABUCUS, Sarabucus. 
SAB'ULOUS, Sabulo'nu, Areno'sus, Psammo'- 
des. The sandy deposit often seen in the urine. 
SABULUM CONARII, see Pineal gland. 
SABURA, Saburra. 
SABUR'RA, Sabu'ra, Sordes. This word sig- 
nifies, by derivation, coarse sand, or ballast. In 
its common acceptation, it means foulness of the 
stomach, as it is sometimes called ;-vitiated mat- 
ters supposed to be retained and accumulated in 
the stomach-the result of imperfect digestion- 
and which have been sometimes considered as a 
morbid product of the mucous secretion of that 
organ, or of the biliary secretion ; at others, as a 
residuum from alimentary substances badly di- 
gested. The Saburral state, Collu'vies gas'trica, 
Crudita'tes ventric'uli, Gastris'mus, (F.) Embarras 
gastrique, Eta,t saburral, is an accumulation of 
saburrae, (F.) Saburres gastriques, in the stomach, 
which the Humourists considered to be the cause 
of a number of diseases. 
Saburra Verminosa, Helminthiasis. 
SABURRATIO, Arenatio. 
SABURRES GASTRIQUES, see Saburra. 
SAC HERNIAIRE, Hernial sac. 
SACCATUS, Encysted. 
SACCHAR, Saceharum. 
SACCIIARINA, Saccharoles. 
SACCIIAROLES (F.), Sacchari'na, from sac- 
char urn, ' sugar.' A name given by MM. Henry 
and Guibourt to medicines which have sugar or 
honey for excipient, or for predominant principle. 
M. Bfiral so calls an exact mixture of pulverized 
sugar with other substances also in powder, but 
in less quantity. 
SACCHAR0M'ETER,(F.)»S'accAarom£fre,P2se- 
sirop, from saccharum, ' sugar,' and pcrpov, ' mea- 
sure.' A hydrometer adapted for determining the 
density of syrups. 
SACCHAROMYCES, Torula cerevisim. 
SACCHARORRHCEA, Glycyrrhoea - s. Cuta- 
nea, Sudor dulcis. 
Saccharorrhce'a Lac'tea, Galactorrhoe'a sac- 
chara'ta. A secretion of unusually sweet milk. 
SACCHARORRHCEA PuLMONA'lIS, Sputum dulce 
seu sacchara'tum. The copious expectoration of 
unusually sweet matter from the lungs. 
Saccharorrhcea Urinosa, Diabetes mellitus. 
SAC'CHARUM, Sacchar. From Arabic, or 
rather Sanscrit, Sa-kar, 'white earth;' Suchar, 
Succhar, Sutter, Zuchar, Zu'caro, As'sakur, Ti- 
gala, Zac'charum, Zozar, Zu'charum, Zuc'curum, 
Zuchra, Mel arundina'ceum, Sugar, (F.) Sucre. 
The produce of the juice of the Sac'charum offi- 
cina'rum vel officinale of Linnaeus, Calamus In'- 
dicus, Cal'amus Sacchari'nus, Sugar Cane, (F.) 
Canne d Sucre, Cannamelle; Arun'do saccha- 
rif'era of Sloane. Family, Gramineae. Sex. 
Syst. Triandria Digynia) and also of the beet, 
maple, Ac. 
True Sugars are those with which alcoholio 
fermentation may be effected, by the addition of 
yeast and water. They are:- 
Species. 
Varieties. 
1 J 
[ Hard sugar of the cane, maple, beet, 
chestnut, &c. 
2 J 
[ Liquid sugar, sugar of malt, of the 
| sweet potato, molasses, honey, <fcc. 
3 J 
| Hard sugar of the grape, ripe fruits, 
starch, diabetes, <tc. 
4 
Hard sugar of the mushroom. 
Imperfect sugars are those in which alcoholio 
fermentation cannot be effected by means of yeast 
and water. 
Species. Varieties. 
1Manna. 
2Sugar of Milk. 
3Sugar of jelly or glue. 
4Liquorice. 
5Picromel. 
Sugar is prepared from the expressed juice of 
the sugar-cane, boiled with the addition of quick- 
lime or common vegetable alkali. It is used, in 
pharmacy, for the preparation of syrups, con- 
serves, lozenges, &c. It is very nutritious, and 
is employed as an aliment, and as a demulcent SAGCHARURE 
and antiseptic. Dissolved in small quantities in 
water, as in tea, it is apt to disagree with dys- 
peptics ; an evil which does not always occur 
when the same substance is taken more largely. 
Saccharum Acer'num, S. Canaden'se, Maple 
Sugar, is often used as a demulcent. 
Sac'charum Album, S. purifica'twn, Saccha- 
rum (Ph. U. S.), White Sugar, Refi'ned Sugar, 
Sal Indus, is the Loaf Sugar. Double-refined 
Sugar has been called Tabarzet. 
Saccharum Can'didum, N. candum seu cantum 
fieu canthum, Al'phonic, Nabot, Sugar candy, (F.) 
Sucre Candi, is the crystallized juice of the cane. 
Saccharum Caxdum, S. Candidum-s. Cantum, 
S. Candidum - s. Canthum, S. Candidum - s. 
Commune, Saccharum non-puriticatum. 
Saccharum Hordea'tum, Barley Sugar, Pe- 
nides, Penid'ium, Sac'charum penid'ium, is a va- 
riety of sugar candy. 
Saccharum Lactis, Sugar of milk. 
Saccharum Non-Purifica'tum, Jfwscot>a'c?o, 
raw or brown or moist sugar, is the N. commu'ne, 
S. rubrum, Mel cannoe, or coarse sugar. 
Saccharum Officinarum, see Saccharum - s. 
Penidium, Hordeatum - s. Rosaceum, Confectio 
rosae gallicre-s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas. 
SAGCHARURE, from soccAarum, 'sugar.' A 
medicine resulting from the intimate union of 
sugar with the medicinal principles of alcohol or 
ethereal tinctures.-Beral. 
SACCULATED, Encysted. 
SACCULATUS, Encysted. 
SACCULI ADIPOSI, Fatty vesicles-s. Cha- 
licophori, see Lacunae of Bone-s. Laryngei, Ven- 
tricles of the larynx. 
Sac'culi Medicina'les'. Bags containing me- 
dicinal substances. 
Sacculi Medullares, see Medullary mem- 
brane. 
SAC'CULUS, diminutive of saccus, 'a little 
sac.' This name has been given to two sacs 
formed by the membranous vestibule, which open 
into each other, and contain the otolithes and 
otoconies: one of these is termed the sacculus 
vestib'uli, the other sacculus. See Semicircular 
canals. 
Sacculus, Marsupion - s. Cephalicus, Cucu- 
pha-s. Chylifer seu rorifer, Receptaculum chyli 
-s. Cordis, Pericardium-s. Ellipticus, see Semi- 
circular canals. 
Sac'culus Laryn'gis. A caecal pouch, of 
variable size, formed by the mucous membrane 
in the ventricles of the larynx.-Hilton. 
Sacculus Medicinalis, Pulvinar medicatum 
- s. Sphericus, see Semicircular canals - s. Ves- 
tibuli, Semicircular canals. 
SACCUS, Sac - s. Coli, Caecum - s. Cordis, 
Pericardium-s. Herniosus, Hernial sac-s. Epi- 
ploicus, Epiploon-s. Intestini crassi, Caecum - 
s. Lacrymalis, Lachrymal sac - s. Lacrumalis, 
Lachrymal sac - s. Lacteus, Receptaculum chyli 
- s. Mucosus, see Bursae mucosae - s. Pleurae, 
Pleura-s. Venarum cavarum, Sinus dexter cordis 
-s. Venarum pulmonalium, Sinus pulmonalis. 
SACER, Sacral - s. Ignis, Herpes zoster - s. 
Morbus, Epilepsy - s. Musculus, Transversalis 
dorsi. 
SACERDOTIS PENIS, Arum maculatum. 
SACHET (F.), Sac'culus, 'a bag.' A small 
bag containing perfumes to be placed among 
clothes to communicate to them an agreeable 
odour. The following is a fornAila for the pow- 
der they contain. Powdered cloves and powdered 
cassia, each one ounce; powdered orris root, an 
ounce and a half; powdered yellow sandal wood, 
onedraehm; otto of roses, twenty-four drops; oil 
of lavender, oil of bergamot, each one drachm; 
music, six grains. A scent-bag. 
762 
I SACROCOCCYGEAL 
SACK. A wine used by our ancestors; Vin sec. 
Probably Sherry. 
Sack, Saccus, Secluso'rium ; Sax. pac. A bag 
or pouch. 
Sack, Her'nial, Saccus hernio'sus, (F.) Sac 
herniaire. An envelope or pouch, formed by the 
serous membrane of the cavity, whence a viscus 
has escaped. We distinguish, in a hernial sac, 
its orifice or the opening by which it communi- 
cates with the great cavity lined by the serous 
membrane: its cervix or neck, (F.) Collet, the 
narrow portion on the outside of the orifice, 
where strangulation sometimes occurs: the body, 
(F.) Corps, which is the round prominent part; 
and the fundus or bottom, - the part opposite to 
the orifice. 
Sack Posset ; from sack, ' the wing,' and pos- 
set. A posset made of sack, milk and other in- 
gredients. 
Sack, Serous. The shut cavity formed by 
any serous membrane, as by the pleura or perito- 
neum. 
SACRAD, see Sacral. 
SACRA FISTULA, Vertebral column. 
SACRAL, Sacer, (F.) Sacre. That which be- 
longs or relates to the sacrum. A name given to 
several parts. 
Sacral Arteries are distinguished into 1. 
The anterior or middle sacral. Median Artery of 
the Sacrum of Chaussier, which arises from the 
posterior part of the abdominal aorta, in front of 
the 4th lumbar vertebra. It descends, in a ser- 
pentine manner, upon the sacro-vertebral articu- 
lation, and on the anterior surface of the sacrum. 
It furnishes many lateral branches, which unite 
with the lateral sacral arteries, and enter the an- 
terior sacral foramina, to be distributed to the 
membranes of the marrow, Ac. 2. The lateral 
sacral arteries, which are two in number; one on 
each side. They arise from the hypogastric, from 
the ilio-lumbar, or from the gluteal; and descend 
before the anterior sacral foramina, anastomosing 
in an arched manner, towards the coccyx, with 
the middle sacral. They give off external and 
posterior branches, which enter the sacral fora- 
mina; and internal branches, which are distri- 
buted to the pyramidalis, sacrum, Ac. 
Sacral Aspect. An aspect towards the region 
where the sacrum is situated.-Barclay. Sacrad 
is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
'towards the sacral aspect.' 
Sacral Extremities. The lower limbs. 
Sacral Grooves, (F.) Gouttiires sacrees. Two 
longitudinal excavations, slightly marked, at the 
posterior surface of the sacrum ; which appear to 
terminate the vertebral grooves or gutters. 
Sacral Nerves, (F.) Nerfs sacrts, are gene- 
rally six in number. They arise from the termi- 
nation of the spinal marrow. The first, united 
with the great cord which descends from the 
lumbar plexus, concurs with the three others in 
the formation of the sacral or sciatic plexus. The 
third and fourth, with branches of the great 
sympathetic, form the hypogastric plexus. The 
fifth and sixth (coccyge'al nerve) are distributed 
to the ischio-coccygeus muscle, and to the sphinc- 
ter and levator ani. 
Sacral Plexus, Sciat'ic plexus, - the sacral 
portion of the crural plexus of Chaussier, con- 
stituted as just mentioned, is situate in front of 
the pyramidalis. It gives off, backwards, two 
branches, called the pudic, (F.) honteux, and the 
lesser sciatic. It terminates in the great sciatic 
nerve. 
SACRE, Sacral. 
SACROCOCCYGE'AL, Sacro-coccyyeus. Re- 
lating to the sacrum and coccyx. 
Sacrococcyge'al Articula'tion is that of SACROCOSTALIS 
the lower extremity of the sacrum with the su- 
perior facette of the coccyx. It is closed by two 
ligaments; - an anterior and a posterior sacro- 
coccygeal. 
SACROCOSTALIS, Sacro-lumbalis-s. Femo- 
ral, Glutaeus major. 
SACROCOXAL'GIA, from sacrum, 'the os 
sacrum,' coxa, 'the hip,' and aXyoj, 'pain;' a 
hybrid term. Some authors have called thus a 
rheumatic affection of the sacro-iliac symphysis. 
SACROIL'IAC, Sacro-ili'acus. That which 
relates to the sacrum and ilium. 
Sacroiliac Articula'tion, Sym'physis, or 
Synchondro'sis, Ilio-sacral articula'tion, sym- 
physis or synchondrosis, is the union of two sur- 
faces;- two inclined planes, broader above than 
below ; one formed by the sacrum, the other by 
the ilium. Both surfaces are incrusted by an 
articular cartilage. The bands which strengthen 
them are the two sacro-sciatic ligaments, the 
sacro-spinal, a sacro-iliac ligament, and some ir- 
regular fibres. The sacro-iliac ligament is a very 
thick assemblage of short, dense, irregular fibres, 
occupying the space which the sacrum and ilium 
leave between them, behind their articular sur- 
face. Some authors have termed some irregular 
fibres, situate in front of the sacro-iliac articula- 
tion, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments, in opposition 
to the preceding fasciae, which they call posterior 
sacro-iliac. 
SACROISCHIATICUS, Sacro-sciatic. 
SAGRQLOMBAIRE, Sacro-lumbalis. 
SACROLUMBAR, Sacro-lumba'lis, Sacro-lom- 
baire. That which belongs to the sacrum and 
loinS. 
Sacrolumbar, Sacro-lumba'lis, Sacro-lumba'- 
ris Muscle, Sacro-costa'lis, Dorso-trache'lian por- 
tion of the Sacro-spinal of Chaussier, (F.) Lombo- 
costo-trachilien, Sacro-lombaire, is seated at the 
posterior part of the trunk ; is thick and triangu- 
lar below; flat and thin in the remainder, and 
terminates in a point at its upper extremity. It 
is attached to the posterior surface of the sacrum; 
to the corresponding portion of the crista ilii; to 
the extremities of the transverse processes of the 
lumbar vertebrae; to the angles of the eleven in- 
ferior ribs; to the tuberosity of the first, and the 
posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of 
the last five cervical vertebrae. The sacro-lum- 
balis straightens the vertebral column when bent 
forwards, and maintains it straight. By means 
of its insertion into the ribs, it can elevate or de- 
press these bones, according as it contracts from 
above to below, or from below to above. It acts, 
consequently, sometimes as an inspiratory, at 
others as an expiratory muscle. 
From six or eight of the lower ribs arises an 
equal number of fleshy portions, which terminate 
at the inner side of this muscle, and are called 
Mus'culi Accessor'ii vel Additamen'turn ad Sacro- 
lumba'lem, (F.) Accessoires du Sacro-lombaire. 
From the upper part of the sacro-lumbalis, a 
fleshy slip, called Cervica'lis descen'dens, Cervi- 
calis descendent Diemerbroeck'ii, Transversa'lis 
collatera'lis colli, Accesso'rius ad Sacro-lumba- 
lem, (F.) Transversaire grele, runs up, to be fixed 
to the transverse processes of the fourth, fifth, 
and sixth cervical vertebrae, by three distinct 
tendons. These last parts, though separated by 
some anatomists, belong to the sacro-lumbalis. 
SACROSCIAT'IC, Sacro -ischiat'icus. That 
which belongs to the sacrum and ischium. 
Sacrosciatic Ligaments are two ligaments, 
which assist in securing the sacro-iliac articula- 
tion. The great or posterior sacro-sciatic liga- 
ment extends from the crista ilii and the sides 
of the sacrum and coccyx to the tuberosity of the 
ischium. The less or anterior sacro-sciatic liga- 
763 
SACRUM 
ment arises from the same point, and terminates 
in the spine of the ischium. 
SACROSPINAL, Dorso-trachelian portion of 
the sacro-lumbalis. 
SACROSPINA'LIS. That which relates to 
the sacrum and spine. Under this name, Chaus- 
sier describes the sacro-lumbalis, longissimus 
dorsi, transversalis, transverso-spinalis, and in- 
tertransversalis. He divides it into three por- 
tions. 
NACR0TROCHANTERIEN, Pyramidalis. 
SACROVERT'EBRAL, Sacro-vertebra'lis. 
That which relates to the sacrum and the ver- 
tebrae. 
Sacrovertebral Articulation is the junc- 
tion of the last vertebrae of the loins with the 
sacrum. The angle which these two bones form 
at the anterior part has been called the Prom'on- 
tory of the Sacrum, or the Sacro-vertebral Angle. 
Sacrovertebral Ligament is a strong liga- 
ment, which passes from the anterior part of each 
of the transverse processes of the last lumbar 
vertebra to be attached to the base of the sacrum. 
Its use is to maintain the articulation of those 
two bones in situ. 
SACRUM, Os sacrum, Os basila're, Os Alagas, 
Os latum. Os clun'ium, Ver'tebra magna, Alba- 
giazi, Hi'eron ost'eon, Clunis, Subver'tebra, Sub- 
ver'tebrum, Vet'ula; from sacer, 'sacred;' be- 
cause it contributes to protect the genital organs, 
which were considered sacred, or because it was 
offered in sacrifice. The bone, which forms the 
posterior part of the pelvis, and is a continuation 
of the vertebral column. The sacrum is symme- 
trical and triangular, situate at the posterior part 
of the pelvis, and concave anteriorly. It has, - 
1. A pelvic or anterior surface, which corresponds 
to the pelvic cavity, and has four transverse fur- 
rows, that point out the parts where the primitive 
portions of the bone were separated from each 
other. On each side there are four foramina, 
called anterior sacral; these are oblique, and 
decrease in size, from above downwards. Through 
these pass the anterior branches of the sacral 
nerves. 2. A spinal or posterior surface, which 
is convex, rough, and covered by muscles. Upon 
the median line are four horizontal, tubercular 
eminences, forming a continuation of the spinous 
processes of the vertebra); and below, a triangu- 
lar notch, where the sacral canal terminates. On 
each side of the surface are four foramina, called 
posterior sacral, which are smaller than the an- 
terior, and give passage to the posterior branches 
of the sacral nerves. 3. The vertebral surface or 
base. Its greatest extent is transversely. It is 
articulated with the last lumbar vertebra. On it 
is seen the orifice of the sacral canal, of a trian- 
gular shape, which decreases in width from above 
downward; terminates the vertebral canal; is 
lined by a prolongation of the cerebral mem- 
branes; contains the fasciculi of the sacral nerves; 
communicates, externally, by the sacral foramina; 
and terminates at the triangular notch on the 
posterior surface of the bone. At the sides of the 
upper orifice of the sacral canal are two articular 
processes, which receive the articular processes 
of the last lumbar vertebra. The projection formed 
by the union of the base of the sacrum with the 
last lumbar vertebra, is called the Prom'ontory, 
Promonto'rium Ossis Sacri, Great Angle of the 
Sacrum or Sacro-vertebral Angle. 4. A coccygeal 
face or apex, (F.) Face coccygienne ou Sommet, 
w'hich is very narrow, and is articulated with the 
coccyx. 5. Two lateral margins, which have, 
above, a broad, oblique surface, articulated with 
the ilium. 
The sacrum is developed by 30 to 36 points cl 
ossification. SADDLE 
SADDLE. TURKISH, Sella Turcica. 
SASPES, Sepes. 
SAFFLOW, Carthamus tinctorius. 
SAFFLOWER, Carthamus tinctorius. 
SAFFRON, Crocus - s. Bastard, Carthamus 
tinctorius-s. Dyers', Carthamus tinctorius - s. 
Flower, Carthamus tinctorius-s. Meadow, Col- 
chicum autumnale. 
SAFRAN BATARD, Carthamus tinctorius, 
Colchicum autumnale -«. des Indes, Curcuma 
longa-s. de Mars aperitif, Ferri subcarbonas- 
8. de Mars astringent, Colcothar -«. des Pris, 
Colchicum autumnale - «. Racine de, Curcuma 
longa. 
SAFRANUM, Carthamus tinctorius. 
SAFRE, Smalt. 
SAGA, Sago. 
SAGAPE'NUM, Sag'apin, Serapi'non, (F.) 
Gomme siraphique. A gum-resin, supposed to 
be obtained from the Fer'ula Per'sica. Family, 
Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. 
Its odour is fetid and alliaceous; taste pungent, 
bitterish, nauseous. It is in small, agglutinated 
masses of a yellow colour; tenacious ; breaking 
with a horny fracture. It is a reputed antispas- 
modic and emmenagogue. Dose, gr. x to Zss. 
SAGAPIN', Sagapenum. 
SAGE, Salvia - s. Indian, Eupatorium perfo- 
liatum-s. Jerusalem, Pulmonaria-s. Tree, Lan- 
tana-s. Wild, Salvia Africana. 
SAGE-FEMME, Midwife. 
SAGENA, Epiploon. 
SAG ESSE DES CHIRURGIENS, Sisym- 
brium Sophia. 
SAGIMEN VITRI, Soda, subearbonate of. 
SAGIT'TAL, Sagitta'lis, Sagitta'tus, from 
sagitta, ' an arrow.' 
Sagittal Furrow, Sagittal Groove, (F.) Gout- 
titre sagittate, is a channel on the median line of 
the inner surface of the skull-cap. It is exca- 
vated in the os frontis, in the two parietal and 
occipital bones, and extends from the crista galli 
to the internal occipital protuberance. It lodges 
the longitudinal sinus, which has been called the 
sagittal sinus. 
Sagittal Suture, Obela'a sutu'ra, 0. Raphe, 
Sutura Virga'ta, S. juga'lis, S. Rabdoi'des, Rhab- 
doi'des, Rhabdo'des, Rhabdo'ideus seu Biparieta'- 
lis. The suture which unites the two parietal 
bones, and which extends, from before to behind, 
on the median line, from the coronal suture to 
the lambdoidal. It is so called, from sagitta, 'an 
arrow,' because it seems to meet the coronal su- 
ture as an arrow meets the string of a bow. 
SAGITTA'RIA VARIAB'ILIS, Arrowhead, 
Arrowleaf, Wapata of Oregon; Nat. Ord. Alis- 
maceas; esculent, yielding fecula like arrow-root. 
The roots are cooling and sub-astringent, and are 
at times applied to the feet in cases of yaws and 
dropsical swellings of the legs. The leaves are 
applied to the breasts to dispel milk. 
SAGITTA' RIUM ALEXIPHAR' MACUM, 
Malac'ctB radix, Ganna In'dica, Arun'do Indica. 
A root cultivated in the West Indies, and sup- 
posed to be a remedy for wounds by poisoned 
arrows. 
SAGITTATUS, Sagittal. 
SAGO, Sagus, Saga, Sagu, Segu, Am'ylum pal- 
ma'ceum, (F.) Sagou, Sague. A fecula, obtained 
from the pith of the Sagus rumph'ii, Cycas circi- 
na'lis, G. revolu'ta, Ac., growing in the Moluccas, 
Philippine Isles, Ac., and which is brought to us 
in small grains. The same substance is, also, 
obtained from the West Indies, but it is inferior 
to that from the East. By boiling in water or 
milk, sago becomes soft and transparent, and 
forms an agreeable and nutritious food in febrile, 
764 
SAINT PARDAUX 
calculous, and other disorders. It is made pala- 
table by sugar, lemon-juice, or wine, where the 
last is not contra-indicated. 
To make sago into a proper mucilage for the 
sick, a tablespoonful of it should be macerated 
in a pint of water for two hours, and then boiled 
for fifteen minutes, stirring assiduously. Care 
must be taken, that the grains are perfectly dis- 
solved by long boiling and constant stirring. 
Sago posset is made by putting sago, into 
water, Oij; boiling until the mucilage is formed: 
then rubbing sugar, on the rind of a lemon, 
and putting it with tincture of ginger, fZj, into 
sherry, Oss ; adding this mixture to the mucilage, 
and boiling for five minutes.-It is a good resto- 
rative. 
Sago, French, see Solanum tuberosum, and 
Arrow-root, common - s. Portland Island, see 
Arum maculatum. 
SAG OU, Sago. 
SAGU, Sago. 
SAGUE, Sago - s. Petit, see Solanum tube- 
rosum. 
SAGUS, Sago - s. Rumphii, see Sago. 
SAHARA, insomnia. 
SAIGNEE, Blood-letting-s. Spoliativc, Spo- 
liativa phlebotomia. 
SAIGNEMENT DU NEZ, Epistaxis. 
SAILORS, DISEASES, &c., OF. Sailors, by 
nature of their occupation, are liable to many 
diseases. Several of these may, however, be 
warded off by proper attention to cleanliness and 
ventilation. 
SAIN B 01S, Daphne gnidium - «. Doux, 
Adeps praeparatus. 
SAINT AMAND, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Sulphuretted waters, in the department of Du 
Nord, France. They contain carbonic and sul- 
phohydric acids. The Bone or deposit contains 
sulphohydric acid, and salts of iron and magne- 
sia. Temperature, 64° to 82° Fahr. 
SAINT AUGUSTINE, CLIMATE OF. This 
sea-port of Florida is a frequent retreat during 
the winter season for the valetudinarian from the 
more northern parts of the United States. The 
climate is certainly comparatively mild and equa- 
ble ; but it is liable to frequent north-east storms. 
There are only a few days, however, in winter, 
in which the invalid cannot take exercise in the 
open air. Tampa Bay, and Pensacola, in Florida, 
and Mobile, in Alabama, which are sometimes 
visited by the consumptive, are less liable to the 
storms in question. 
SAINT CHARLES'S ROOT, Carlo Sancto 
(Radix). 
• SAINT CROIX, Santa Cruz. 
SAINT JAMES'S WORT, Senecio Jaeobaea. 
SAINT JOHN'S DANCE, see Mania, dancing 
- St. John's Wort, Hypericum perforatum. 
SAINT KITTS, see West Indies. 
SAINT LEONARD'S, CLIMATE OF. This 
place, which is situate about a mile to the west- 
ward of Hastings, in Sussex, England, is less shel- 
tered than it, and is therefore a less favourable 
retreat, during the winter months, for the phthi- 
sical valetudinarian. 
SAINT MYON, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Some cold, acidulous waters at Saint Myon, near 
Riom, in the department of Puy-de-D6me. They 
contain free carbonic acid, subcarbonate of soda, 
chloride of sodium, and carbonate and sulphate 
of lime. 
SAINT NECTAIRE, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Springs in the department of Puy-de-Doine. 
France. They contain carbonic acid, bicarbonate 
of soda, and chloride of sodium. Temperature, 
75° to 103° Fahr. 
SAINT PARDAUX, MINERAL WATERS SAINT SAUVEUR 
OF. Chalybeate springs in the department of 
Allier, France. They contain carbonic acid and 
iron. 
SAINT SAUVEUR, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Sulphurous waters in the department of 
Hautes-Pyrenees, France. Temperature, 76° to 
93° Fahr. 
SAINT VINCENT'S, see West Indies. 
SAINT VITUS'S DANCE, Chorea, see Ma- 
nia, dancing - s. Vitus's Dance of the Voice, 
Balbuties. 
SAIRE, Essera. 
SAL, Salt-s. Absinthii, Potassae subcarbonas, 
see Potash - s. Acetosell®, Potass, oxalate of- 
s. Acetosus ammoniacalis, Liquor ammonia ace- 
tatis - s. Acidum benzoes, Benjamin-s. Albus, 
Soda, muriate of-s. Alembroth, Alembroth salt 
-s. Alkali, Soda, subcarbonate of-s. Alkalinus 
fixus fossilis, Soda - s. Amarum, Magnesi® sul- 
phas - s. Ammoniac, volatile, Ammoni® Carbo- 
nas - s. Ammoniacum, Ammoni® murias - s. 
Ammoniacum martiale, Ferrum ammoniatum - 
s. Ammoniacum secretum Glauberi, Ammoni® 
sulphas - s. Ammoniacum tartareum, Ammoni® 
tartras - s. Ammoniacum vegetabile, Liquor am- 
moni® acetatis - s. Ammoniacus nitrosus, Am- 
moni® nitras - s. Ammonia, Ammoni® murias 
- s. Anglicanum, Magnesi® sulphas - s. Anti- 
epilepticus of Weissman, Cuprum ammoniatum 
- s. Antimonii, Antimonium tartarizatum - s. 
Ammoniacum, Ammonia murias-s. Artis, Alem- 
broth salt-s. Asphaltitis, Bit noben-s. Cathar- 
ticus amarus, Magnesi® sulphas-s. Catharticus 
Glauberi, Soda, sulphate of-s. Communis, Soda, 
muriate of-s. Cornu cervi, volatile, Ammoni® 
carbonas - s. Culinaris, Soda, muriate of-s. Di- 
gestivus Sylvii, Potoss® murias - s. Diureticus, 
Potass® acetas- s. de Duobus, Potass® sulphas 
- s. Ebsdamense, Magnesi® sulphas - s. Enix- 
um, Potass® supersulphas-s. Epsomensis, Mag- 
nesi® sulphas-s. Essentiale Benzoes, Benjamin 
-s. Febrifugus of Lemery, Potass® supersulphas 
-s. Febrifugus Sylvii, Pots»ss® murias-s. Fon- 
tium, Soda, muriate of-s. Fossilis, Soda, muriate 
of-s. Fuliginis, Ammoni® carbonas-s. Gemm®, 
Soda, muriate of-s. Herbarum, Potass® subcar- 
bonas- s. Indus, Saccharum album - s. Lixivi- 
osum, see Lixivium - s. Lucidum, Soda, muriate 
of-s. Marinus, Soda, muriate of-s. Martis, 
Ferri sulphas - s. Martis muriaticum sublima- 
tum, Ferrum ammoniatum-s. Mirabile perlatum, 
Soda, phosphate of-s. Mirabilis Glauberi, Soda, 
sulphate of - s. Muriaticum baroticum, Baryta, 
muriate of - s. Nitrum, Potass® nitras - s. Os- 
sium, Ammoni® carbonas-s. Panchrestum, Po- 
tass® tartras-s. Petr®, Potass® nitras-s. Tar- 
tarum, Potass® subcarbonas-s. Plumbi, Plumbi 
superacetas-s. Polychrestus, Potass® sulphas- 
s. Polychrestus Glaseri, Potass® sulphas cum 
sulphure - s. Polychrestum Seignetti, Soda, tar- 
trate of- s. Prunell®, Potass® nitras fusus sul- 
phatis paucillo mixtus-s. Rupellensis, Soda, tar- 
trate of - s. Sapienti®, Alembroth salt, Potass® 
sulphas - s. Saturni, Plumbi superacetas - s. 
Scienti®, Alembroth salt - s. Secretus Glauberi, 
Ammoni® sulphas - s. Sedativus Ilombergi, Bo- 
racic acid - s. Sedlicensis, Magnesi® sulphas - 
s. Seignetti, Soda, tartrate of-s. Sennerti, Po- 
tass® acetas - s. Seydschutzense, Magnesi® sul- 
phas- s. Sod®, Soda, subcarbonate of-s. So- 
domenus, Bit noben - s. Succini, Succinic acid 
-S. Tartari, Potass® subcarbonas, see Potash- 
8. Tartari essentiale, Tartaric acid - s. Tartari 
sulphuratum, Potass® sulphas-s. Urin®, Mi- 
crocosmicum Sal - s. Urinosum, Urea-s. Vege- 
tabilis, Potass® tartras-s. Vit®, Alembroth salt 
- s. Vitrioli, Zinci sulphas - s. Vitrioli narcoti- 
cum, Boracic acid - s. Volatile, Ammoni® car- 
765 
SALIVA 
bonas, Spiritus ammonias aromaticus- s. Vola- 
tile Benzoes, Benjamin - s. Volatile boracis, Bo- 
racic acid - s. Volatile oleosum Sylvii, Spiritus 
ammoniae aromaticus - s. Volatile succini, Suc- 
cinic acid - s. Volatilis salis ammoniaci, Am- 
moniac carbonas - s. Vomitorium vitrioli, Zinci 
sulphas. 
SALAAM CONVULSION, see'Convulsion, 
Salaam. 
SALAB, Salep. 
SALACITAS, Satyriasis - s. Vulvas, Nym- 
phomania. 
SALAD, CORN, Valeriana dentata. 
SALAP, Salep. 
SALCOMBE, (CLIMATE OF.) A small place 
- the Montpelier of Huxham - which is one of 
the warmest spots on the S. W. coast of England, 
and, therefore, in this respect adapted for the 
phthisical invalid as a winter retreat. 
SALEP, Saloop' (so pronounced.) Salab, Sa- 
lop. The prepared bulb of the Orchis mas'cula 
and other species of Orchis. The salep of Cach- 
mere is from a species of Euloph'ia. Salep is in 
small, irregular, hard masses. In its composition 
in relation to water, it is closely analogous to 
tragacanth. It is possessed of similar virtues 
with sago, tapioea, &c. The mucilage is prepared 
by dissolving the powdered salep in hot water, 
with assiduous stirring, and adding to the solu- 
tion sugar and milk. 
SALER'NUM, (SCHOOL OF.) An ancient 
school of medicine at Salerno in Italy. It was 
established by Charlemagne, in 802 ; and was the 
first Christian university at which medicine was 
taught. It was much celebrated, especially in 
the 12th century. The work on hygiene, "De 
Conseri-andd Valetudine," which bears its name, 
has passed through several editions in various 
languages. It is supposed to have been written 
by John of Milan, in 1100, and is in Leonine 
verses. 
SALICARIA, Lythrum salicaria. 
SALICINE, see Salix. 
SALICORNIA ARABICA, <tc., see Soda. 
SALINE', Sali'nus, Salina'cius, Sulinac"idus, 
Sali'tus, Salsus, Hali'nus, Halmy'rus, Halico'des, 
Sali'nous, from sal. That which contains a salt, 
or has the properties of a salt. 
Saline Draught or Mixture. This may be 
made as follows :-Potass, carbon. Qj, acid, citric. 
vel tartar, gr. xv, vel mice. limo-n. recent, 
aqua syrup, cvjusvis M. Given in di- 
vided doses as a febrifuge. 
Saline Effervescing Draught or Mixture 
is made by adding a due proportion of either of 
the acids above mentioned, or of lemon-juice, to 
the proper proportion of the carbonate of soda or 
potassa. About 25 grains of the acid saturate 30 
grains of the carbonate. See Powders, soda. 
SALINOUS, Saline. 
SALIS AMMONIACI FLORES, Ammoni® 
carbonas. 
SALITIO, Leap. 
SALITUS, Saline. 
SALIUM, Saliva. 
SALIUNCA, Valeriana Celtica. 
SALI'VA, Si'alon, Si'elon, Sialo'ma, Ptysma, 
Pty'alon, Pty'elon, Sa'lium, Sputa'men, Sputa- 
men'tum, Sputum, Spittle. An inodorous, insipid, 
transparent, slightly viscid fluid ; secreted by the 
parotid, submaxillary and sublingual glands, and 
poured into the mouth by the ducts of Steno, 
Wharton and Rivinus ; the use of which*is to mix 
with the alimentary bolus, and to serve in the 
process of digestion. It is composed, according 
to Berzelius, of 992.2 parts of water, 2.9 of a par- 
ticular animal matter, soluble in water, and in- 
soluble in alcohol, pty'alin, prisiciv'ium saliva'll, SALIVAS 
mate'ria siali'na, of 1.4 of mucus, 1.7 of chlorides 
of potassium and sodium, 0.9 of lactate of soda 
and animal matter, and 0.2 of soda, 
SALIVAS FLUXUS CIBO VISO, see Saliva- 
tion. 
SALIVAIRE, Salivary. 
SALIVAL, Salivary. 
SALIVANS, Sialagogue. 
SAL IVANT, Sialagogue. 
SALIVARIS, Salivary - s. Herba, Anthemis 
pyrethrum. 
SAL'IVARY, Saliva'rius, Saliva'ris, Salivo'- 
sus, Sali'val, Sali'vous, from saliva, (F.) Salivaire. 
That which belongs to the saliva. 
Salivary Calculi, see Calculi, salivary. 
Salivary Fis'tul.r, Sialosyrin'ges, are such 
as depend upon an accidental opening into the ex- 
cretory ducts of the salivary glands. Fistulae are 
most commonly met with in the duct of Steno. 
Salivary Glands, Secreting organs of the 
saliva, Salival glands, are situate symmetrically, 
to the number of four, on each side of the face. 
Their form is very irregular, and their extent 
varies according to individuals. Their excretory 
ducts - Ductus Saliva'rii, (F.) Canaux ou Con- 
duits salivaires, carry the saliva directly into the 
mouth, without pouring it into any intermediate 
reservoir, as happens in the case of some of the 
other glands. The salivary glands have been 
distinguished into,-1. The parotid-, 2. The sub- 
maxillary ; 3. The sublingual; and 4. The intra- 
lingual or lingual, seated at the inferior surface 
of the tongue, where the mucous membrane forms 
a fringed fold. 
SALIVATIO, Salivation-s. Mercurialis, Sali- 
vation, mercurial. 
SALIVA'TION, Saliva'tio, Saliva'tio cal'ida, 
Epiph'ora ptyalis'mus, Sialis'mus, Sputum Oris, 
Sial'achus, Sielismos, Sialorrhoe'a, Sialoze'mia, 
Ptyalis'mus, Pty'alism, Fluxus sali'va, (F.) 
Flux de Bouche, Flux salivaire. A super- 
abundant secretion of saliva; occasioned either 
locally, by the use of irritating masticatories, or 
under the influence of some cause which acts on 
the whole economy, and especially of mercurial 
preparations. In this last case it is accompanied 
by a coppery taste in the mouth, by swelling of 
the gums, and sometimes by looseness of the 
teeth. Salivation may usually be diminished by 
the use of astringents, laxatives, <te. 
Ptyalismus acu'tus sympathetic us, Saliva fluxus 
ribo viso, Mouth watering, the increased flow of 
saliva produced by the sight, smell, or thought of 
agreeable food, is a species of ptyalism, as well as 
the Ptyalismus acutus melli'tus, Apoceno'sis pty- 
alis'mus mellitus, or Sweet spittle. In this the 
saliva has a sweet or mucilaginous taste. 
Salivation, Mercu'rial, Saliva'tio mercu- 
ria'lis, Sialoze'mia mercurialis, Ptyalis'mus mer- 
curia'lis, P. hydrargyra'tus, (F.) Ptyalisme mer- 
curiel, Salivation mercurielle. Salivation pro- 
duced by mercury. The stomatitis that accom- 
panies it is termed mercurial, Hydrar'gyro-sto- 
mati'tis, (F.) Stomatite mercurielle. 
SAL IVA TION MERCURIELLE, Salivation, 
mercurial. 
SALIVATUM, Sialagogue. 
SALIVOSUS, Salivary. 
SALIVOUS, Salivary. 
SALIX. The Willow, Ttea, (F.) Saule. A 
genus of plants in the Linnrean system. 
Salix Frag"ilis, £. pen'dula seu decip'iens 
Beu amygdali'na seu persicifo'lia seu Russelia'na 
Beu pippoph'aefolia seu Trevira'nii, or Crack wil- 
low (Ph. D.) Salix Alba, S. caru'lea seu virtel- 
li'na, or White willow (Ph. D. and Ph. U. S.) Sa- 
Lix Latifo'lia, or broad-leaved willow. Salix 
Ca'phea, £. sphacela'ta seu tomento' sa, or Great 
SALT 
round-leaved willow (Ph. L.) Salix Pentan*- 
dria seu IIermapfiroditi'ca. Salix Hu'milis, 
Low bush willow, Speckled willow. Salix Vitu- 
li'na, Salix Erioceph'ala. The bark of each 
of these has a slightly aromatic odour, and a bit- 
ter astringent taste, which is nearly the same in 
all the species. It is tonic and astringent, and 
has been used in intermittents, and in cases of 
dyspepsia, worms, Ac. The active principle has 
been separated, and called Sal'icine. It is like 
the quinia in medicinal efficacy. Dose, to 5.) 
of the powder. Dose of Salicine from 4 to 6 
grains. 
Salix ASgyptiaca, Calaf. 
SALLOW, Lurid. 
SALMIAC, Ammoniae tnurias. 
SALOOP, Salep. 
SALPETR/X, Soda, nitrate of. 
SALPINGEMPIIRAX'IS, from aaXr.yf, 'the 
Eustachian tube,' and ' obstruction. Ob- 
struction of the Eusta'chian tube; - a cause of 
deafness. 
SALPINGI'TIS, from 'a tube,' and 
itis, 'denoting inflammation.' Inflammation of 
the Eustachian tube. 
SAL PINGOC YE'SIS, Paracye'sis tuba'ria, 
Gravid'itas tuba'ria, from aaXiurf, ' a tube or 
trumpet,'.and Koyais, 'pregnancy.' Tubal preg- 
nancy.- See Pregnancy. 
SALPINGOMALLEEN, Tensor tympani - 
s. Staphylinus intornus, Levator palati, 
SALPINGOPHARYNGJE'US, from aaXr.yf, 
'a trumpet,' and 0apuyf, 'the pharynx.' Val- 
salva and Douglas have given this name to a 
bundle of fibres, which passes from the Eustachian 
tube to the pharynx. 
SALPINGOSTAPIIYLINUS, Circumflex 
muscle. 
SALPINGOSTENOCHO'RIA, from <raX>r(y(, 
' a tube,' arevos, ' narrow,' and ' space.* 
Narrowness or strictqre of the Eustachian tube. 
SALPINX, Tuba. 
SALSAFI, Tragopogon. 
SALSAMENTUM CRUDUM, Omotarichos. 
SALSAPARILLA GERMANICA, Sarsapa- 
rilla Germanica. 
SALSEDO MUCRUM, Potassm nitras. 
SALSEPAREILLE, Smilax sarsaparilla - ». 
d'Allemagne, Sarsaparilla Germanica. 
SALSILAGO, Muria. 
SALSOLA DECUMBENS, S. Kali. 
Salso'la Kali, S. Becum'bens, Kali soda, 
Prickly Saltwort, Kali spino'sum cochlea'tum, 
Tragus sive Tragum Matthi'oli. This plant, as 
well as the Salsola sati'va and the Salsola soda 
seu longifo'lia, Kali iner'mis seu soda, Herba vitri, 
produces the alkaline salt, commonly called Ba- 
rilla, Soda, or Kelp. 
Salsola Longifolia, S. Kali - s. Sativa, Ac., 
see S. Kali, and Soda - s. Soda, see S. Kali. 
SALSUGINOSUS, Ilalmyrodes. 
SALSUS, Saline. 
SALT, Sal, Hal, Hals, 'aXj, (F.) Sei. A name 
formerly given to a considerable number of sub- 
stances of very different nature. At present, chy- 
mists apply the term Salts exclusively to the com- 
bination of an acid with one or more bases. Neu- 
tral salts are those in which the acid and base 
reciprocally saturate each other. Acid salts or 
supersalts, (F.) Sur-sels, are those in which the 
acid predominates over the base. Alkaline salts 
or subsalts, (F.) Sous-sels, those in which the base 
is, on the contrary, predominant. The different 
denominations of the salts are compounded, 1. Of 
the name of the acid ; the termination of which 
is changed into ite, when the name of the acid is 
766 SALTANS 
in ous ; - ate, when it is in t'c. Thus the salts 
formed by the sulphurous acid are sulphites; 
those by the sulphuric, sulphates. 2. This name 
is followed up by that of the oxyd, that enters 
into the composition of the salt. Thus, the sul- 
phate of protoxyd of iron is a combination of 
sulphuric acid with the protoxyd of that metal. 
Frequently, to shorten the name, the word oxyd 
is suppressed; and proto, deuto, trito, Ac., put 
before the acid:-as protosulphate of iron. Sim- 
ple salts are those resulting from the combina- 
tion of an acid with a single base: double salts 
with two different bases: triple with three, Ac. 
A haloid salt is one constituted after the type of 
common salt, or which contains a metal and a 
salt-radical, as chlorine, iodine, Ac. An oxysalt 
is formed from the combination of an acid with 
an oxide. 
When salt is used in an abstract sense, it means 
the chloride of sodium. 
Salt Aperient, of Frederick, Soda, sulphate 
of-s. Baker's, Ammoniae Carbonas-s. of Barilla, 
Soda, subcarbonate of-s. Bay, Soda, muriate of 
-s. Bitter purging, Magnesia? sulphas-s. Com- 
mon, Soda, muriate of-s. Epsom, Magnesias sul- 
phas-s. Glauber's, Soda, sulphate of-s. Glau- 
ber's, Lymington, see Soda, sulphate of-s. Ro- 
chelle, Soda, tartrate of-s. Rock, Soda, muriate 
of-s. Sea, Soda, muriate of-s. Secondary, Neu- 
tral salt - s. Seignette's, Soda, tartrate of-s. 
Smelling, Ammonia? carbonas-s. of Soda, Soda, 
subcarbonate of-s. Sore-throat, Potassae nitras 
fusus sulphatis paucillo mixtus-s. of Tartar, see 
Potassae subcarbonas, and Potash - s. Tasteless 
purging, Soda, phosphate of-s, of Urine, Am- 
monia? carbonas-s. White, Soda, muriate of-s. 
of Woodsoot, Ammoniae carbonas - s. of Worm- 
wood, see Potash. 
SALTANS ROSA, Urticaria. 
SALTATIO, Dancing-s. Sancti Viti, Chorea. 
SALTERTON. A village about four miles to 
the eastward of Exmouth, England, frequented 
as a winter abode by invalids. It is in a small, 
open valley on the seashore, and is well protected 
from winds, particularly the northerly. 
SALTISH, Halmyrodes. 
SALTPETRE, Potassae nitras. 
SALTUS, Leap, Vulva-s. Tendinum, Subsul- 
tus tendinum. 
SALTWORT, PRICKLY, Salsola kali. 
SALUBRIOUS, Salutary. 
SALUBRIOUSNESS, Salubrity. 
SALUBRIS, Salutary. 
SALU 'BRITY, Salu'britas, Salu'briousness, 
(F.) Salubrite, from salus, 'health.' Any thing 
which contributes to the health of individuals or 
of communities. Situations differ materially from 
each other in this respect; and the cause of the 
difference is often an interesting topic of inquiry. 
SALUS, Sanitas. 
SALUTAIRE, Salutary. 
SAL'UTARY, Peries'ticos, Saluta'ris, Salu'- 
ber, Salu'bris, Hygiei'nus, Hygiasticus, Hygie'- 
rus, Salu'brins, (F.) Salutaire. Same etymon. 
Healthy. That which is favourable to health. 
Some diseases have been considered salutary; 
but this is doubtful. 
SALUTIF'EROUS, Salu'tifer; from salus, 
'health,' and fero, 'I bear.' Bringing health; 
health-bearing. 
SALVATEL'LA; same etymon, (?) Vena sal- 
vatel'la, is situate on the back of the hand, near 
its inner margin. It begins on the posterior sur- 
face of the fingers and dorsal surface of the hand, 
by a plexus, formed of a number of radicles, fre- 
quently anastomosing with each other; it then 
ascends to the inner part of the forearm, where it 
takes the name-posterior cubital. The ancients 
767 
SANABILIS 
recommended this vein to be opened in certain 
diseases, as in melancholic and hypochondriacal 
affections; and they attributed to such abstraction 
of blood considerable efficacy in the cure of dis- 
ease : hence its name. 
SALVE, BLISTERING, Unguentum lyttse- 
s. Eye, Unguentum oxidi zinci impuri - s. Eye, 
Singleton's, Unguentum hydrargyri nitrico-oxydi 
-s. Healing, Cerate of calamine. 
SAL'VIA, N. ojflcina'lis seu horten'sis seu vul- 
ga'ris seu minor, Elelis'phacos, (F.) Sauge, Petite 
Sauge, The d'Europe, Thi de France. Family, 
Labiatas. Sex. Syst. Diandria Monogynia. Sage 
has a peculiar, aromatic odour, and a warm, aro- 
matic, bitterish taste. Its virtues depend upon 
an essential oil. It is tonic, stimulant, and car- 
minative. In the form of a weak infusion, it is 
occasionally used as a diluent, and as a wash for 
sore mouth. Dose, gr. xv to xxx or more. 
Salvia Africa'na, Wild Sage, a South Afri- 
can species, has the same medical properties as 
Salvia. 
Salvia Colorata, Salvia. 
Salvia Hormi'num, Hormi'num, S. colora'ta, 
Horrni'num colora'tum seu sativum, (F.) Sauge- 
hormin, of the Pharmacopoeias, is used in similar 
cases. 
Salvia Hortensis, Salvia-s. Minor, Salvia- 
s. Officinalis, Salvia. 
Salvia Scla'rea, Sclarea, Gallit'richum, 
xEthio'pis, Biser'mas, Colus Jovis, Common Clary, 
(F.) Sauge sclarie, Grande sauge, Orvale ou Toute- 
bonne. The leaves have been recommended as 
corroborants and anti-spasmodics. 
Salvia Vitas, Asplenium ruta muraria - s. 
Vulgaris, Salvia. 
SAMBU'CUS, Sabu'cus, Sambucus nigra, S. 
vulga'ris, S. Arbo'rea, Acte, Infe'lix lignum; the 
Elder, (F.) Sureau commun. Family, Capparifo- 
liaceae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia - (The 
flower and bark were formerly called Cano'pum.) 
The flowers, berries, and bark of the elder have 
been used in medicine. The flowers have been 
reputed diaphoretic and discutient: the berries, 
aperient and sudorific: the bark, purgative, and, 
in small doses, deobstruent. The flowers are 
sometimes used in fomentations, and to form a 
cooling ointment. 
Sambucus Arborea, Sambucus - s. Chamae- 
acte, S. ebulus. 
Sambucus Eb'ulus, Ebulus, Chamaac'te, Od'- 
ocos, Sambucus Chameeac'te seu He'lion, Sambu- 
cus hu'milis seu Herba'cea, Dwarf-elder, Bane- 
wort, (F.) Hieble. The root, interior bark, leaves, 
flowers, berries, (Barca seu Grana Actes,) and 
seeds have all been given in moderate doses as 
resolvents and deobstruents; and in large doses 
as hydragogues. The berries of Sambucus Cana- 
den'sis, the Common Elder of America, are made 
officinal in the American Pharmacopoeia. 
Sambucus Helion, Sambucus ebulus-s. Her- 
bacea, S. ebulus-s. Humilis, S. ebulus-s. Nigra, 
Sambucus-s. Vulgaris, Sambucus. 
SAMI TERRA, Sa'mian Earth. An argilla- 
ceous earth, found in the island of Samos, to 
which were ascribed virtues similar to those of 
the Terra Lemnii.- Galen, Dioscorides. 
SAMIUS LAPIS. A stone found in the Isle 
of Samos, which the ancients believed to be as- 
tringent and refrigerant. 
SAMPHIRE, Crithmum maritimum. 
SAMPSON, BLACK, Echinacea purpurea. 
SAMPSUCHUS, Thymus mastichina. 
SAMPSUCUS, Origanum majorana. 
SAMPSYCH'INON, Sampsu' chinum. An oint- 
ment composed of j which was perhaps 
marjoram.- Dioscorides. 
SANABILIS, Curable. * SANABLE 
SANABLE, Curable. 
SANAMUNDA, Geum urbanum. 
SANATIO, Curation, Cure. 
SANATIVE, Curative. 
SAN GIULIANO, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
At the foot of the mountain San Giuliano, a 
league and a half from Pisa, are several mineral 
springs; temperature from 84° to 107° Fahr. 
The spring, Pozzetto, contains carbonic acid, 
sulphates of soda, lime, and magnesia; chlorides 
of sodium and magnesium; carbonates of lime 
and magnesia; argil and silica.- Santi. 
SAND, see Gravel. 
SANDALUM Guilandina mo- 
ringa-s. Rubrum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
SAN'DARAC, Sandara'eha, Gum Ju'niper,Gnm 
Sandarach, Pounce, Gummi Junip'eri, Sandara'- 
ca, Vernix sicca, Resina Junip'eri. A name 
given, by the Arabs, to an odorous resin, that 
flows from the Thuya aphyl'la. Family, Coni- 
ferae. Sex. Syst. Monoecia Monadelphia. It is 
stimulant, like all the resins; but is very little 
used. 
SANDARACHA Realgar. 
SAND-BLIND. A defect of vision, in which 
small particles seem to fly before the eyes. See 
Metamorphopsia. 
SANDERS, see Saunders. 
SANDIVER, see Vitrum. 
SANDIX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
SANDYX, Plumbi oxydum rubrum. 
SANG, Blood-s. Arteriel, Arterial blood - «. 
Dragon, Rumex sanguineus-s. Dragon, see Ca- 
lamus rotang - s. Globules du, Globules of the 
blood-». Perte de, Htemorrhagia. 
SANGAREE'. Wine and water, sweetened 
and spiced. 
SANG LOT, Sob. 
SANGSUE, Hirudo. 
SANGUIDUCTUS DURJE MATRIS, Sinuses 
of the dura mater. 
SANGUIFICATIO, Hematosis- s. Debilior, 
Hyphfematosis. 
SANGUIFLUXUS, Hemorrhagia- s. Uteri- 
nus, Metrorrhagia. 
SANGUIMOTION, Circulation. 
SANGUIMOTORY, Circulatory. 
SANGUIN, (Vaisseau,) Blood-vessel. 
SANGUINALIS CORRIGIOLA, Polygonum 
aviculare. 
SANGUINA'RIA, S. Canaden' sis seu acau'lis, 
Rloodroot, Bloodwort, Puccoon, Red Puccoon, Red 
Root, Indian Paint, Tur'meric. Nat. Ord. Papa- 
veraceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Monogynia. A 
North American plant, the rhizoma and seeds of 
which are used in medicine. They are emetic. 
Dose of the powder, 8 to 20 grains. They are 
said to reduce the velocity of the pulse, like 
digitalis. 
Sanguinaria, Polygonum aviculare. 
SANGUINE, Sanguin'eus, Sanguino'sus, Hcb- 
inat'icus, Haemato'des, Hatmate'rus, Hcemati'nus, 
Hoemo' des, Hcemo'i'des, Sanguineous; (F.) San- 
guin. Bloody, blood-like; having the colour of 
blood, as ' a sanguine countenance.' Relating to, 
or containing blood-as ' sanguine temperament.' 
Plethoric. 
SANGUINEA, Potass® nitras. 
SANGUINENESS, Plethora. 
SANGUINEOUS, Plethoric, Sanguine. 
SANGUINEUS, Sanguine. 
SANGUINIS ABSORPTIO, II®morrhophesis 
-s. Congestio, Congestion-s. Dissolutio, Haema- 
teclysis-s. Fluor, Hemoptysis-s. Fluor Vesicae, 
Cystorrhagia-s. Ictus, Apoplexy - s. Missio, 
Blood-letting-s. Profluvium copiosum, II®mor- 
rhagia-s. Profluvium ex Ore, Stomatorrhagia- 
8. Stagnatio, Hemostasis. 
768 
SANITAS 
SANGUIN'OLENT, Sanguinolen'tus, from »<nt- 
guis, ' blood.' Tinged with blood. An epithet 
applied, particularly, to the sputa when so tinged. 
Bloody. 
SANGUINOSUS, Sanguine. 
SANGUIPUR'GIUM, from sanguis, 'blood,' 
and purgare, 'to cleanse.' Purgation of the 
blood. A name given by some authors to mild 
fevers, from an idea that they purged the blood 
of noxious matters. 
SANGUIS, Blood, Sperm-a. Concretus, Coa- 
gulum-s. Draconis, see Calamus rotang-s. Hirci 
siccatus, see Blood-s. Menstruus, see Menses- 
s. in Urinsl, Hsematuria. 
SANGUISOR'BA CANADEN'SIS, Canada 
Burnett. A tall indigenous plant-family, Ro- 
saceae - with white, sometimes purple, flowers, 
which appear from August to October. It has 
the same virtues as 
Sanguisor'ba Officina'lis, S. car'nea seu 
rubra, Ital'ian Pim'pinel, Pimpinel'la Ital'- 
ica seu officina'lis, (F.) Pimprenelle noire. It 
was formerly used as an astringent and tonic, in 
hemorrhages, dysentery, Ac. 
SANGUISUGA, Hirudo. 
SANGUISU'GUM. A barbarous term, to de- 
note too great an accumulation of blood in the 
heart.- Bonetus. 
SANICLE, Sanicula, S. Marilandica-s. Ame- 
rican, Heuchera cortusa-s. de Mariland, Sani- 
cula Marilandica-s. Yorkshire, Pinguicola vul- 
garis. 
SANIC'ULA, S. Europa'a seu officina'rum, 
Astran'tia diapensia, Cauca'lis Sanic'ula, Cucul- 
la'ta, Bodeca'theon, Sym'phytum petra'um, Sa- 
nic'ula mas, Piapen'sia, D. cortu'sa, San'icle, 
(F.) Toute-saine. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. 
Syst. Pentandria Digynia. This herb was for- 
merly used as a mild astringent. It is bitterish, 
and somewhat austere. 
Sanicula, Saxifraga granula-s. Eboracensis, 
Pinguicola vulgaris-s. Europasa, Sanicula. 
Sanic'ula Marilan'dica, San'icle, Ma'ryland 
Sanicle, Black Snakeroot, (F.) Sanicle de Mari- 
land. This indigenous plant grows in marshes, 
or low and shaded ground. It is possessed of 
tonic virtues ; and the powdered root is employed 
in popular practice as a favourite remedy in in- 
termittent fever. It has been recommended, 
also, in chorea. 
Sanicula Montana, Pinguicola vulgaris - s. 
Ofhcinarum, Sanicula. 
SANIDO'DES,Sanio'des, 'resembling a board,' 
from aavis, gen. aavibos, 'a board,' and ciioj, 're- 
semblance.' One whose thorax is narrow, and, 
as it were, contracted. 
SANIE, Sanies. 
SA'NIES, Ichor, Tabum, Virus, Pus malig'- 
nnm, P. corrosi'vum, (F.) Sanie. A thin, serous 
fluid, presenting some of the qualities of pus and 
blood, and commonly exhaled at the surface of 
ulcers. 
SANIODES, Sanidodes. 
SANIOSUS, Ichorous. 
SANIOUS, Ichorous. 
SAN'ITORY, San'atory, Healing. (F.) Sani- 
taire. That which relates to health, and espe- 
cially to public health; as (tablissement sanitaire; 
police sanitaire. 
SANITA'RIUM, Sanato'rium; from sanitas, 
' health.' A retreat selected for valetudinarians, 
in consequence of its salubrity. Also, an estab- 
lishment for the treatment of the sick. 
SAN'ITAS, Hygie'a, Hyge'a, Ilygian'sis, Hy- 
gi'asis, Integ'ritas, Prosper'itas Valetu'dinis, Sa- 
las, Hygiei'a, Valetu'do, Valitu'do, Valetu'do 
bona seu secun'da seu com'moda, Hygei'a, Evzo- 
bdyna'mia, Health, (F.) Santi, from sanus, SANITY 
'sound.' Health has been defined.- a state, in 
which all the functions are exerted with regula- 
rity and harmony. A person may, however, be 
in health, although certain functions are not per- 
formed. A blind man, for example, has health 
when all his functions, except sight, proceed with 
regularity. Sanity is often used for soundness 
of mind. 
Sanitas, Cure. 
SANITY, Sanitas. 
SANKIRA, Smilax China. 
SANS PAIRE, ( Veine,) Azygos vein. 
SANTA CRUZ, (CLIMATE OF.) This West 
India island is frequently selected as a winter re- 
treat for the phthisical valetudinarian from the 
United States; but it does not seem entitled to 
any preference, in such cases, over the other isl- 
ands of the West Indies, whilst its general salu- 
brity is said to be less than that of many. 
SANT AL BLANC, Santalum album - ». 
Rouge, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
SANTALUM, see Pterocarpus santalinus. 
San'talum Album, <S'. ct't'rtnim seu pal'lidum 
seu myrtifo'lium, Sir'inni myrtifo'lium, Yellow 
Sounder#, (F.) Santa! blanc. Sex. Synt. Tetran- 
dria Monogynia. The virtues of the wood of the 
white saunders reside in a volatile oil and resi- 
nous principle. The odour is fragrant, and re- 
sembles a mixture of ambergris and roses. It 
has been used as a stimulant and sudorific, but it 
is not now employed. The saunders woods are 
called, collectively, in French, Santaux. 
Santalum Myrtifolium, S. album - s. Ru- 
brum, Pterocarpus santalinus. 
SANTE, Sanitas. 
SANTONICUM, Artemisia santonicum. 
SAN'TONINE, &in'tonin, Cinin. A peculiar 
crystalline substance obtained from Artemisia 
Santonica. It possesses the anthelmintic pro- 
perties of the plant. Dose, five or six grains. 
SANTORI'NI, FISSURES OF, (F.) Incisure, 
ou Sei,sure, de Santorini. Clefts at the upper 
and back part of the fibro-cartilaginous portion 
of the external ear. 
Santorini, Tu'bercles of. Smal). cartilagi- 
nous projections at the top of the arytenoid car- 
tilages, which support the ligaments of the glottis. 
See Corniculum Laryngis. 
SANTE, Sinapis. 
SAP, Sax. faepe, (G.) Saft, Arborum Succus 
seu Lympha, (F.) Sive. The circulating fluid of 
the vegetable, which corresponds to the blood of 
the animal. 
SAPA, see Rob. 
SAPHA'DA. Paracelsus has given this name 
to reddish scales adherent to the hair in some 
eruptions of the hairy scalp. 
SAPII2ENA, Saphena. 
SAPHE'NA, Saphee'na, from aatpns, 'manifest,' 
'evident.' (F.) Saphene. A name given to two 
subcutaneous veins of the lower limb. These 
are: 1. The Great Saphena Vein, Saphena 
interna, Tibio-malleolar, (Ch.,) (F.) Grande Veine 
Saphene ou Saphene interne. Its radicles occupy 
the inner part of the great toe, and form a trans- 
verse arch on the back of the foot, which unites 
with the saphena externa, and receives at its 
convex part, which is turned forwards, a number 
of branches coming from the toes. These radi- 
cles, when united, ascend before the inner ankle, 
and form a trunk, the size of which is farther 
increased by several branches that proceed from 
the region of the tarsus, and that of the meta- 
tarsus. This trunk ascends vertically at the 
inner part of the leg; passes behind the inner 
condyle of the femur; proceeds along the inner 
part of the thigh ; receives other subcutaneous 
veins, such as the abdominal subcutaneous, the 
769 
SAPO 
external pudic, Ac., and passes through the in- 
ferior opening of the crural canal to empty itself 
into the femoral vein. 2. The Lesser Vena 
Saphena or Saphena externa; the Peroneo- 
malleolar Vein of Chaussier, (F.) Petite Veins 
Saphine ou Saphene externe, commences by seve- 
ral roots, which are spread over the dorsum and 
outer side of the foot, and embrace the outer 
ankle. Behind this, they unite into a single 
trunk, which ascends obliquely, approaching the 
tendo Achillis, and proceeds vertically towards 
the ham to open into the popliteal vein. 
SAPHENE, Saphena. 
SAPIIE'NOUS, Sapheno'sus; from Saphine. 
Of or belonging to the saphena. 
Saphenous Nerves are two in number, and 
are branches of the crural or femoral nerve. 
They are the short saphenous - nervus cutaneous 
internus; and the long saphenous, - nervus cuta- 
neous internus longue. 
The external saphenous, formed by the union 
of the communicans poplitei and communicans 
peronei, passes down the leg by the side of the 
external saphenous vein of the foot. 
SAPID, Sa'porous, Sap'idus, (F.) Savoureux. 
Possessed of sapidity. Having the power of 
affecting the organs of taste. 
SAPID'ITY, Sap'idness, Saporos'ity, Sapor, 
(F.) Sopidite, from sapere, 'to taste.' The 
quality of bodies that gives them taste. 
SAPIN COM MUN, Pinus pieea. 
SAPIN'DUS, N. Sapona'ria, Sapona'ria, Soap 
Tree, (F.) Savonnier commun. The name of the 
plant that affords the Soap Nuts, Sapona'ria: 
Nu'culce, Bac'cve Bermnden'see, Soap-berries. A 
spherical fruit about the size of a cherry, the 
cortical part of which is yellow, glossy, and so 
transparent as to show the spherical black nut 
that rattles within, and includes a white kernel. 
The cortical part of this fruit, which has similar 
effects with soap in washing, has been recom- 
mended in chlorosis, and as a stomachic and 
deobstruent. 
SAPO, Soap, Sax. pipe, Smegma, (F.) Savon. 
A product obtained by treating fatty bodies with 
caustic alkalies dissolved in water. In the Phar- 
macopoeia of the United States, it means Soap 
made with soda and olive oil. 
Yellow Soap is formed of turpentine, oil, and 
alkali. 
Castile Soap, being made of fine olive oil, is 
generally used internally. The yellow and soft 
soaps are the most stimulating; and are, conse- 
quently, best adapted for particular cutaneous 
eruptions. 
Internally, soap is purgative and diuretic; ex- 
ternally, it is detergent and stimulant Soapy 
water is used with the greatest success, in cases 
of poisoning by acids. It is mostly applied ex- 
ternally to bruises and sprains. In Pharmacy, 
it is used to favour the solution of resins. 
Sapo Ac'Tdus, Acid Soap, is a combination of 
a fixed oil with an acid. 
-Sapo Ammoniacalis, Linimentum ammonise 
fortius-s. Ammoniae oleaceus, Linimentum am- 
monite fortius -s. Amygdalinus, Sapo medicina- 
lis - s. Cacaotinus, Sapo coconeus - s. Calcarius, 
Linimentum aquae calcis - s. Castiliensis, see 
Sap Medicinalis. 
Sapo Coco'neus, Soap of Cocoa-Nut Oil, S. 
cacaoti'nus, (F.) Savon de eaeoa, has been much 
used in Germany in herpetic affections. 
Sapo Durus. S. Hispanieus - s. Hispanicus, 
see S. medicinalis. 
Sapo Kalicus, S. Mollis. 
Sapo Liq'uidus, Liquid Soap, Lotio sapona'- 
eca, is a cosmetic which is composed of olive <*l SAP ON Al RE 
ol. tartari per deliquium Rub together, 
and add aqua: rosarum 
Sapo MeDICINA'lis, Medic" inal Soap, Sdpo 
amygdali'nne, (F.) Savon medicinal, is made with 
oil of sweet almonds and half its weight of caus- 
tic alkali, or, like the Sapo Hispani'cus seu Cas- 
tdien'sis, Spanish or Castile soap, Sapo durus, 
(F.) Savon dur, of olive oil and soda. 
Sapo Mollis, Common or Soft Soap, S. vir'idis, 
S. ni'ger, S. ka'licus, (F.) Savon mon, Savon noir, 
is made of potass and oil or tallow. The Sapo 
vulgaris, or ' common soap' of the Pharm. U. S. 
is made with soda and animal oil. 
Sapo Niger, Black Soap, Melanosmeg'ma, is a 
composition of train oil and an alkali: and Green 
Soap, Sapo vir'idis, of hempseed, linseed, or rape 
oil, with an alkali. See Sapo mollis. 
Sapo Vegetabilis, Pulvis gummosus alkali- 
nus - s. Viridis, Sapo mollis - s. Vulgaris, see 
Sapo mollis. 
SAPONA'CEOUS ; Sapona'ceus ; from Sapo, 
'soap.' Soapy. Containing soap, as Linimen- 
tum saponaceum, Soap liniment. 
SAPONAIRE, Saponaria. 
SAPONA'RIA, from Sapo, 'soap.' Soap-wort, 
Bruise-wort, Stru'thium, Lana'ria, Lychnis syl- 
ves'tris, Ibix'uma, Bootia vulga'ris Lychnis ofici- 
na'lis, (F.) Saponaire. Family, Caryophylleae. 
Sex. SySt. Decandria Digynia. A decoction of 
the leaves of this plant has been recommended 
in scrofula, cancer, old syphilis, cutaneous erup- 
tions, jaundice, visceral obstructions, &c. It is 
hardly ever used. 
Saponaria, Sapindus saponaria. 
SAPONARIAS NUCULjE, see Sapindus sapo- 
naria. 
SAPO'NEA, from Sapo, 'soap.' A pectoral 
medicine, prepared with sweetened syrup of vio- 
lets, and oil of sweet almonds. 
SAPON'ULES, Sapon'uli, (F.) Savonules. 
Same etymon. Combinations of volatile or es- 
sential oils with different bases. 
Apin Sapo.nules are combinations of such oils 
with different acids. 
SAPOR, Sapidity, Savour. 
SAPOROSITY, Sapidity. 
SAPOROUS, Sapid. 
SAPO'TA, Achras Sapota seu austra'lis seu 
Zapota, Sapota alchras, El nispero, Oval-fruited 
Sapota, (F.) Sapotier, Sapotillier, Sapotilla. Fam. 
Sapoteae. Sex. Syst. Hexandria Digynia. A tree 
which grows in the Antilles, and particularly at 
St. Domingo. Its fruit is much esteemed. It 
fesembles the marmalade of quinces; and hence 
has been called natural marmalade. The seeds 
make an emulsion, which has been given in 
nephritic affections. The bark has been recom- 
mended as a febrifuge. 
Sapota alchras, Sapota. 
SAPOTIER, Sapota. 
SAPOTILLA, Sapota. 
SAPOTILLIER, Sapota. 
SAPROPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
SAPROS, Putrid, Rancid. 
SAPROS'TOMUS, from uo-rpos, 'foul, of a bad 
odour,' and cropa, 'mouth' One who has an 
offensive breath. 
SAPROTES, Putrefaction. 
SAR'APUS, Sarapous. One who has a large 
foot; whose toes are largely separated, or whose 
feet are much asunder in walking; from traipw, 
' I grin,' and iro»(, ' the foot.' See Kyllosis. 
SARATO'GA, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
Saratoga springs in New York, are ten miles 
north-east from Ballston. They contain the 
same ingredients as those of the latter place; 
uud are much frequented by visiters from every 
770 
8ARC0L0GIA 
part of the United States. The following analy- 
sis has been given of the Congress spring. In a 
wine gallon - gaseous contents: carbonic acid, 
311 cubic inches; atmospheric air, 7. Solid con- 
tents. Chloride of sodium, gr. 385; iodide of 
sodium, gr. 3.5 ; bicarbonate of soda, gr. 8.982; 
bicarbonate of magnesia, 95.788; carbonate of 
lime, 98.098; carbonate of iron, 5.075; silica, 
1.5; bromide of potassium, a trace. Total gr. 
597.943.-Steel. 
The Walton or Iodine spring contains chloride 
of sodium, carbonate of magnesia, and iodide of 
sodium. 
SARCEPIPLOCELE, Sarcoepiplocele. 
SARCEPIPLOMPHALOCELE, Sarcoepi- 
plomphacele. 
SARCEPIPLOMPHALUS, Sarcoepiplompha- 
lus. 
SARCIDIUM, Caruncle. 
SARCINA, Foetus. 
Sah'cIna Ventric'uli, Sarcina, 'a pack, a 
woolpack.' A microscopic cryptogamous plant 
found in the fluid of waterbrash. 
SARCION, Caruncle. 
SARCITES, Anasarca - s. Flatuosus, Em- 
physema. 
SARCITIS, Myositis. 
SARCOCE'LE, Hernia carno'sa, Scirrhus Tes- 
tic'uli, from <rapf, ' flesh,' and ' a tumour;' 
Sarco'ma scroti, (F.) Hernie charnue. Scirrhus 
or cancer of the testicle. This disease affects 
adults particularly; and appears most commonly 
after an inflammatory swelling of the testicle. 
Sometimes it is dependent upon a blow; at 
others, it makes its appearance without any ap- 
preciable cause. It is well known by a hard, 
heavy, ovoid or spherical swelling of the testicle, 
which is, at first, slightly, or not at all painful, 
and merely causes an unpleasant traction on the 
spermatic cord. There is no heat or change of 
colour of the skin ; the spermatic cord is swollen, 
and participates in the affection; very painful 
shootings occur; the lymphatic glands of the 
abdomen become swollen, and form a tumour, 
which may, at times, be felt through the abdo- 
men ; and the patient, at length, dies with every 
sign of the cancerous diathesis. The prognosis 
is very unfavourable. The only means, indeed, 
that can save life is the extirpation of the testicle. 
SARCOCOL'LA, (F.) Colle-chair, from aap(, 
'flesh,' and koXXu, 'glue.' A resinous matter, ob- 
tained from Pena'a Sarcocol'la, P. mucrona'ta, 
and other species of Penaea. An African shrub, 
which has been so called from a belief that it 
facilitates the consolidation of flesh. It is in the 
form of small, oblong, semitfransparent globules, 
of a yellowish or reddish blue, and smells like 
aniseed. It was once employed as an astringent 
and detergent. 
SARCODES, Carneous. 
SARCOEPIPLOCE'LE, Sarcepiploce'le, from 
o-apf, 'flesh,' tim:Xoov, 'the epiploon,' and 
' a tumour.' Epiplocele, complicated with sar- 
coma or sarcocele. 
SARCOE PI P L 0 M'PIIALUS, 
phalus, Sarcepiplomphaloce'le, from <r«p?, ' flesh,' 
cTrorXoov, 'the epiploon,' and op<paXof, 'the navel.' 
Umbilical hernia, formed by scirrhous epiploon 
or complicated with sarcoma. 
SARCOIIYDROCELE, Hydro-sarcocele. 
SARCOLEM'MA, Sarcole'ma, from o-apf, 
'flesh,' and Xtppa, 'a coat.' The sheath which 
surrounds the fibrils of muscle that form a fibre. 
It is quite distinct from the areolar membrane 
that binds the fibres into fasciculi.-Bowman. 
See Perymisium. 
SARCOLOGIA, Myology. SARCOLOGY 
SARCOL'OGY, Sarcolorf'ia, from traplj, 'flesh/ 
and Xoyof, 'a discourse.' The part of anatomy 
which treats of the soft parts. It comprises my- 
ology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology. 
SARCO'MA, Emphy'ma Sarcoma, Sarcom'a- 
toux tumour, Sarco'sis, Porrus, Sarcophy'ia, Ecsar- 
co'ma, Exsarco'ma, Tumor car'neus, Excrescen'tia 
carno'sa, Pol'ypus carno'sus, from <rap|. 'flesh.' 
Any species of excrescence having a fleshy con- 
sistence. 
Sarcoma, Carcinomatous, Scirrhus - s. Cer- 
cosis, see Cercosis - s. Epulis, Epulis - s. Mas- 
toid, Mammary sarcoma - s. Medullare, see En- 
cephaloid - s. Medullary Encephaloid, Haeraa- 
todes fungus - s. Pulpy, Hiematodes fungus - s. 
Scroti, Sarcocele. 
Sarcoma, Common Vascular or Organized 
of Abernethy, Emphy'ma Sarcoma Vasculo'sum, 
is vascular throughout: texture simple: when 
bulky, napped on the surface with arborescent 
veins. Found over the body and limbs generally. 
SAR COMATEUX, Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATODES, Sarcomatous. 
SARCOMATOSUS, Sarcomatous. 
SARCOM'ATOUS, Sarcomata'sue, Sarcoma- 
ta'des, (F.) Sarcomateux. Belonging to, or having 
the characters of sarcoma. 
SARCOMPHALUM, Sarcomphalus. 
SARCOM'PIIALUS, Sarcom'phtilum, from 
<r«ps, 'flesh,' and o/z0aXoy, 'the navel.' A scir- 
rhous or fleshy tumour, developed at the navel. 
SARCOMYCES, Sarcospongus. 
SARCOPHAGUS, Carnivorous. Catheretic. 
SARCOPRYIA, Excrescence, Sarcoma. 
S ARCO PTE, Acarus. 
SARCOPTES SCABIEI, see Psora. 
SARCOPYO'DES, from cnpf, 'flesh,' mov, 
'pus,' and ci&>;, 'resemblance.' Having the ap- 
pearance of pus mixTd with flesh. An epithet 
given to certain excreted matters, and particu- 
larly to the sputa of those labouring under con- 
sumption. 
SARCO'SIS, from cap!;, 'flesh.* The formation 
of flesh. Also, sarcoma. 
Sarco'sis Bulbi, Exophthal' mia fungo'sa seu 
sarcomal' ica. A fleshy growth from the lobe of 
the eye. 
Sarcosis Uteri. Metrauxe. 
SARCOSPON'G'US, Sarcomy'ces, from <rapf, 
'flesh,' and croyyof, 'fungus.' A fleshy fungus. 
SARCOSTOSIS, Osteo-sarcoma. 
SARCOTIC, Incarnans. 
SARCOUS, from <raplj, 'flesh.' Of, or belong- 
ing to, flesh or muscle - as ' sarcous tissue.' 
Sarcous Prim'itive par'tieles. The 
elementary particles, which, by their union, form 
the mass of muscular fibre. - Bowman. 
SARDIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardonicus. 
SARDONIASIS, Canine laugh, Risus sardo- 
nicus. 
SARE. Essera. 
SARRASIN, Polygonum fagopyrum. 
SARRETE, Trismus infantum. 
SARRIETTE, Satureia hortensis-s. de Crite, 
Satureia capitata. 
SARSA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
SARSAPARILLA, Smilax S. - s. False, Ara- 
lia nudicaulis. 
Sarsaparil'la German'ica, Gramen major, 
G. rubrum, Salsaparil'la Germanica, Carex Are- 
tta'rta, (F.) Laiche, L. des Sables, Salsepareille 
d'Allemayne. Family, Cyperoideas. Sex. Syst. 
Monoecia Triandria. A plant, which grows plen- 
tifully on the sea-coasts of Europe. It has been 
recommended in some mucous affections of the 
trachea, in rheumatism, gout, <tc. 
771 
SATYRIASIS 
Sarsaparilla, Indian, Hemidesmns Indicus. 
SARTAPARILLA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
SARTO'RIUS, from sartor, ' a tailor,' because 
used in crossing the legs. Suto'rius, Longis'si- 
mus Fem'oris, Fascia'lis, F. Lou y us seu suto'rius, 
(F.) Il'io-cresti-tibial, Llio-preti'bial (Ch.), Coutu- 
rier. A muscle, situate at the anterior part of 
the thigh. It is long, small, and flattened, and 
extends, obliquely, from the anterior and supe'riot 
spine of the iliuftn to the superior and inner part 
of the tibia. This muscle can, also, bend the pel- 
vis on the thigh, and conversely. 
SARX, Flesh, Pulp. 
SARZA, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
SASSAFRAS, Laurus sassafras - s. Medulla, 
see Laurus sassafras-s. Radicis cortex, see Lau- 
rus sassafras - s. Swamp, Magnolia glauca. 
SAT'ELLITE, Satelles. That which guards. 
That which is placed near. 
Satellite Veins are those that accompany 
arteries. 
SATHE, Penis. 
SATIES, Satiety. 
SATIETAS, Plesmone. 
SATI'ETY, Sati'etas, Satu'ritas, Sa'ties, Sa- 
tura'tio, Plethos, Plesmone, from satiare (itself 
from satis, ' enough'), ' to give enough.' Disgust 
for food ; commonly produced by repletion. 
SATIN, Lunaria rediviva. 
SATURANS, Absorbent (medicine). 
SATURATIO, Satiety, Saturation. 
SATURA'TION, Satura'tio, from satis, 
'enough.' The state of a compound in which its 
elements are combined in such proportions that 
a fresh quantity of either cannot be added with- 
out producing excess. 
SATUREI'A CAPITA'TA, Cil'iated Sa'vory, 
Thymus, Thymus sylves'tris seu capita'tus, Thy- 
mus Cret'icus, Cuni'la, (F.) Sarriette de Crete. 
Possesses similar properties to thyme. 
Saturei'a Horten'sis, Satureia, S. sati'ra, 
Cuni'la sativa Plin'ii, Thymbra, Summer Sa'- 
vory, (F.) Sarriette. Family, Labiatae. ,Sex. 
Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. An aromatic 
plant, cultivated for culinary purposes. It has 
been used, as an excitant, in anorexia, anaphro- 
disia, Ac. 
Satureia Origanoides, Cunila mariana - s. 
Sativa, S. hortensis. 
SATURITAS, Satiety. 
SATURNI DULCEDO, Plumbi supcracetas. 
SAT'URNINE, Saturni'nus, from saturnus, 
'lead.' Containing .or caused by lead. 
Sat'urnine Breath. The peculiar odour of 
the breath in one labouring under Saturnismus. 
SATL'RNISM'US, Lntoxica'tio seu Cachex'ia 
saturni'na, from saturnus, 'lead.' Poisoning by 
lead ; lead-poisoning; saturnine cachexy. 
SATURNUS, Plumbum. 
SATYRI'ASIS, from Sarvpor, 'a Satyr;' be- 
cause the Satyrs are said to have been' greatly 
addicted to venery. Satyrias mas, Satyris'mus, 
Priapis'mus, Salac"itas, Braehu'na, Aras'con, 
Satyri'asis furens, Layne'sis Salac"itas, Layncsis 
furor masculi'nus, Layne'a, Lagni'a, Lagno'sis, 
Laseiv'ia, Lasciv'itas, Tenti'go vere'tri. An irre- 
sistible desire, in man, to have frequent con- 
nexion with females, accompanied by the power 
of doing so without exhaustion. The causes are 
commonly obscure. Sometimes, the abuse of 
aphrodisiacs has occasioned it. The principal 
symptoms are : - almost constant erection ; irre 
sistible and almost insatiable desire for venery, 
frequent nocturnal pollutions. Cold lotions - the 
cold bath; a mild diet; active exercise, Ac., are 
the only means that can be adopted for its re- 
moval. 
Satyriasis Furens, Satyriasis. SATYRIASMUS 
SATYRIASMUS, Satyriasis. 
SATYRION, Orchis mascula. 
SATYRISMUS, Satyriasis. 
SATYRIUM, Goodyera pubescens. 
SAUCE-ALONE, Alliaria. 
SAUCE, GREEN, Rttmex scutatus. 
SAUER KRAUT (G.), ' sour cabbage,' (F.) 
CAou-croute. A culinary preparation, made with 
chopped cabbage, left to attain an incipient state 
of acetous fermentation. It is reputed by the 
Germans to be salubrious, easy of digestion, and 
eminently antiscorbutic. 
SAUGE, Salvia - s. dea Boia, Teucrium scor- 
dium - a. Grande, Salvia sclarea - a. Hormin, 
Salvia horminum - a. de Jeruaalem, Pulmonaria 
.- a. Petite, Salvia - a. Sclaree, Salvia sclarea. 
SA ULE, Salix. 
SAUMURE, Muria. 
SAUNDERS, RED, Pterocarpus santalinus- 
6. Tree, Pterocarpus santalinus - s. Yellow, San- 
talum album. 
SAURA, Lizard. 
SAURU'RUS CER'NUUS, Lizard'a Tail. In- 
digenous; Order, Saururaceue; flowering in June. 
It has been used in lumbago. 
SAUSAGE POISON, Allant'otoxicum. 
SAUT, Leap. 
SAUVE-VIE, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
SAVEUR, Savour. 
SAVINE, Juniperus sabina. 
SAVINIER, Juniperus sabina. 
SAVON, Sapo - «. AmmontacaZ, Linimentum 
ammonite fortius- a. Cacao, Sapo coconeus - a. 
Oalcaire, Linimentum aquae calcis-a. Bur, Sapo 
durus - a. Medicinal, Sapo medicinalis - a. Mou, 
Sapo mollis - a. Noir, Sapo mollis. 
SAVONNIER COMMUN, Sapindus sapo- 
naria. 
SAVONULE, Saponulus. 
SAVONULUS, Saponulus. 
SAVORY, CILIATED, Satureia capitata - s. 
Summer, Satureia hortensis. 
SA'VOUR, Sapor, Taate, (F.) Saveur. Quality 
of bodies, by which they act upon the sense of 
taste. Chymists, at times, avail themselves of 
this quality to analyze an unknown substance. 
SA VO UR EUN, Savoury. 
SA'VOURY, Sap'idua, (F.) Savoureux. An 
epithet given to bodies that have taste; and 
particularly to those that excite a very agreeable 
impression on the organ of taste. 
SAVOYAN, Galium verum. 
' SAW, Prion, Serra, (Da.) Sawe, (Sax.)paja, 
(F.) Scie. A surgical instrument, made like a 
common saw; and used for sawing the bones in 
amputations, or for removing exostoses, <tc. Saws 
of different sizes and shapes are used in surgery. 
The crown of the trepan is nothing more than a 
species of circular saw. 
Saw, Amputa'tion, Serra amputato'ria. The 
saw used in amputation. 
Saw, Hey's. An instrument used by Mr. Hey, 
of Leeds, in fractures of the cranium. It consists 
of a long handle, to which a small saw with a 
convex or straight edge is attached, and by which 
a piece of bone of any shape may be removed. 
With the trephine, the saw must always be cir- 
cular. 
SAW PALMETTO, Chamterops serratula-s. 
Wort, Liatris. 
SAXIFRAGA, Pimpinella saxifraga - s. An- 
glica, Peucedanum silaus. 
Saxif'raga Crassifo'lia. Family, Saxifra- 
ge®. Sex. Syat. Decandria Digynia. The root 
of this species of saxifrage has been extolled by 
Pallas, as pre-eminently antiseptic. 
Saxifraga Granula'ta, S. alba, Sanic'ula, 
772 
SCALE 
Sedum, White sax'if rage, (F.) Saxifrage granulfe. 
Recommended as diuretic and lithont. iptic; but 
not used. 
Saxifraga Rubra, Spiraea filipendula - s. 
Vulgaris, Peucedanum silaus. 
SAXIFRAGE, BURNET, Pimpinella saxifraga 
- s. Granulee, Saxifraga granulata-s. Meadow, 
Peucedanum silaus - s. White, Saxifraga gra- 
nulata. 
SAXIFRAGUS, Lithontriptic. 
SAXON'ICUS PULVIS. A powder, prepared 
with the roots of the wild and cultivated ange- 
lica; the asclepias vincetoxicum, <fcc. It was 
considered formerly as an antidote. 
SCAB, from Sca'bies, and scabere, ' to dig.' An 
incrustation, which forms upon a sore, owing to 
the concretion of the fluid discharged from it. 
An eschar. 
SCABBY or SCABBED. Covered or diseased 
with scabs. 
SCABIES, Psora - s. Agria, Lichen - s. Ca- 
pitis, Porrigo lupinosa, Porrigo scutulata-s. 
Capitis favosa, Porrigo favosa - s. Fera, Ec- 
thyma. 
Sca'bies Feri'na, Itch of animals, Mange. A 
cutaneous disease, which affects almost all do- 
mestic animals, but especially the horse, sheep, 
dog, and cow. It is said to have been transmitted 
to man ; but this is questionable. 
Scabies Ferina, Psoriasis - s. Papuliformis, 
Prurigo - s. Sicca, Lichen, Psoriasis-s. Venerea 
contagiosa. Scherlievo. 
SCABIEUSE ORDINAIRE, Scabiosa. 
SCABIOLA, Scabies. 
SCABIO'SA, N. arven'sis, Tri'chera arven'sis, 
Field Sca'bious, (F.) Scabieuse ordinaire. Fa- 
mily, Dipsaceae. Sex. Syst. Tetrandria Monogy- 
nia. The plant is bitter and sub-astringent, and 
was formerly used in the cure of leprous affec- 
tions and diseased lungs. 
Scabiosa Arvensis, Scabiosa-s. Carduifolia, 
Echinops. 
Scabiosa Succi'sa, Succisa, S. praten'sis, Aste- 
roceph'alus succisa, Morsus Diab'oli, Devil's bit, 
(F.) Mors du Diable, has similar properties. 
SCABIOUS, Erigeron Philadelphicum - s. 
Field, Scabiosa-s. Sweet, Erigeron heterophyl- 
lum. 
SCABISH, (Enothera biennis. 
SCABRITIES, Lichen. 
SCALA, 'a ladder.' A machine formerly used 
for reducing dislocations of the humerus. 
Scalas of the Coch'lea, Gyri seu Ductus spi- 
ra'les seu Cana'les cochlea, (F.) Rampes ou 
Echelles du Limacon - are the cavities in the 
cochlea, separated from each other by the spiral 
septum. The one - Scala inter'na seu posterior 
seu inferior coch'lea;, S. tym'pani - would com- 
municate with the cavitas tympani by the fenes- 
tra rotunda, were it not for the membrane that 
closes it. The other - Scala exter'na seu ante'- 
rior seu superior coch'lea;, S. vestib'idi - opens 
into the cavity of the vestibule. The scalm com- 
municate with each other by an opening at the 
top of the partition. 
Scala Anterior Cochlea?, see Scala - s. 
Clausa, see Scala-s. Externa cochleae, see Scala 
-s. Inferior cochleae, see Scala-s. Interior coch- 
leae, see Scala - s. Posterior cochleae, see Scala 
- s. Superior cochleae, see Scala - s. Tympani, 
see Cochlea, and Scala-s. Vestibuli, see Coch- 
lea. and Scala. 
SCALE, Sax. pcale, from fcylan, 'to divide, 
separate;' (G.) Schale, ' shell, peel;' schalen, 
'to shell, to peel.' Squama, Lepis, (F.) Escaille, 
Ecaille. An opake and thickened lamina of 
cuticle; commonly produced by some degree of SCALENE 
inflammation of the true skin, over which it is 
formed. 
Scale, Dry, Psoriasis. 
SCALENE ANTERIEUR, Scalenus anticus 
-s. Posterieur, Scalenus posticus. 
SCALE'NUS, 'irregular or unequal.' Geo- 
meters employ this word to designate a triangle 
whose three sides are unequal. Anatomists have 
given the name to two muscles. 1. Scalenus 
Anti'cus, Portion of the Coeto-trachelian (Ch.), 
(F.) Sealine anterieur, is situate at the internal 
and inferior parts of the neck. It is long and 
triangular; and is inserted, below, at the upper 
surface of the first rib; and, above, at the ante- 
rior tubercle of the transverse processes of the 
3d, 4th, Sth, and 6th cervical vertebrae. This 
muscle bends the neck, and draws it to its side. 
It can also raise the first rib. 2. Scalenus Pos- 
Tl'cus, (F.) Scaline poeterieur, Portion of the 
Coeto-trachelian (Ch.), is situate behind the last. 
It is, also, long and triangular; but more bulky 
than the S. anticue. It is attached, below, to the 
outer surface of the first two ribs; and terminates, 
above, at the summit of the transverse processes 
of the last six vertebrae of the neck. This mus- 
cle bends the neck laterally, and can elevate the 
first two ribs. Some anatomists, as Albinus and 
Sommering, have described five scaleni muscles 
on each side, and have called them Scalenus prior, 
S. min'imue, S. latera'lie, S. me'diue, S.poeti'cue. 
Riolan and Chaussier only describe one scalenus 
muscle on each side. Cowper and Douglas, and 
the generality of the English anatomists, admit 
three, (S', antt'eu*, me'diue, and poeti'eue ; or, pri- 
mue, eeeuu'due, and ter'tine ; Winslow, Boyer, and 
many of the French anatomists, - two, as above 
described. 
SCALING-same etymon as Scale-in dentis- 
try, is an operation, which consists in removing 
the tartar from the teeth. 
SCALL, Impetigo-s. Asbestos, see Eczema of 
the hairy scalp - s. Dry, Psoriasis-s. Honey- 
comb, Porrigo favosa-s. Milky, Porrigo larvalis 
-s. Running, Impetigo-s. Running, Eczema- 
8. Washerwoman's, Psoriasis diffusa, 
SCALLED HEAD, Porrigo scutulata. 
SCALP, Teut. Schelpe, 'a shell.' The in- 
teguments covering the head. The hairy ecalp 
is called, also, (7api7h't"tuni, Tricho'ton, (F.) Che- 
velure. 
SCALPEL, Sealpel'lum, Scalpel'lus, Culter, 
Incieo'rium, Smi'leon; from ecalpo, 'I rasp, I 
cut.' A cutting instrument, formed of a blade 
of well-tempered steel, very sharp, of variable 
shape and size, and fixed solidly in a handle. Its 
use is to divide the soft parts in operations, dis- 
section, <tc. 
SCALPELLUM, Scalpel-s. Lenticulare, Pha- 
copis. 
SCALPELLUS, Bietouri, Scalpel. 
SCALPEUM, Bietouri. 
SCALPRUM, Raspatorium - s. Chirurgicum, 
Lancet. 
Scalprum Denta'rium, Lima denta'ria. A 
tooth-file. A file used by the dentist. 
Scalprum Rasorium, Raspatorium. 
SCALY, Squamous. 
Scaly Diseases or Squama:, Lepido'eee, form 
the second order in Willan and Bateman's system 
of cutaneous diseases. 
SCAM MA, Fossa. 
SCAMMONE E D'ALEP, Convolvulus scam- 
monia. 
SC AMMONIUM, see Convolvulus seammonia 
-s. Syriacum, Convolvulus seammonia. 
SCAMMONY, Convolvulus seammonia-s. of 
Montpellier, Cynanchum Monspeliacum. 
773 
SCAPHOID 
SCAMNON HIPPOC'RATIS, Bathron Hippo- 
crati'on of Galen, (F.) Banc d' Hippocrate. A 
machine invented by Hippocrates for reducing 
fractures. It was a sort of bed, six feet long, on 
which the patient was fixed. Straps were at- 
tached above and below the fracture or luxation, 
and extension and counter-extension were effected 
by a winch. It is described in Galen, Oribasius, 
Scultetus, Ac. See Bathron. 
SCANDIX, S. cerefolium. 
Scandix Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocas- 
tanum. 
Scandix Cerefo'lium, Scandix, Scandyx, 
Pecten Ven'eris, Cerefolium, Daucus Seprin'ius, 
Chcerophyl'lum, Ch. Sati'vnm seu Cerefo'lium, 
Anthris'cus cerefolium, Cheerefo'lium, Chervil, 
(F.) Cerfeuil. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. 
Pentandria Digynia. A culinary herb, which is 
slightly aromatic and grateful. It is said to be 
gently aperient and diuretic. 
Scandix Odora'ta, Siveet Cic"ely. Properties 
the same as the other. Also, Chaerophyllum 
odoratum. 
SCANDULARIUS MUSCULUS, Parathenar, 
Transversus pedis. 
SCANDYX, Scandix cerefolium. 
SCAPHA, Scaphus, ' a skiff or cock-boat,' from 
oKaitrw, ' I make hollow.' The excavation or 
cavity of the external ear, between the helix and 
anthelix. The meatus auditorius externus. The 
rima vulvte. Also the name of a bandage for the 
head, mentioned by Galen, and called, likewise, 
Tholus Diode'us. 
SCAPHIA, Nates. 
SCAPHION, Cranium, Papaver (Capsule). 
SCA'PHIUM OCULA'RE, Pelvis Ocula'ris, 
Eye-glass, (F.) Bassin oculaire, Condole oculaire, 
(Eilliire. A small porcelain, glass or metallic 
vessel, used for applying lotions to the eye. 
SCAPHO - CARPO - SUPER- PHALANGEUS 
POLLICIS, Abductor pollicis brevis. 
SCAPHOID, Scapho'i'des, from 'a skiff,' 
and uhof, ' form.' A name given to several parts. 
Scaphoid Fossa, Fossa Scapho'i'des, (F.) En- 
foneement Scapho'ide. A small cavity at the 
upper part of the internal ala of the pterygoid 
process, in which the peristaphylinus interims is 
attached. x 
Scaphoid Bone of the Hand, Os Scapho'ides 
Manus, Os navicula're, Os cymbifor'me, Boat-like 
bone, (F.) Scapho'ide de la main. The first bone 
of the first row of the carpus. The upper sur- 
face is convex, and articulated with the radius. 
The under and outer surfaces are also convex,- 
to be articulated with the trapezium and trape- 
zoides. Between the upper and under cartilagi- 
nous surfaces there is & rough fossa for the inser- 
tion of the capsular ligament. The anterior and 
inner surface has an oval cavity, where it is arti- 
culated with the os magnum, which gives name 
to the bone. There is & process on the outer end 
of the bone, for the attachment of part of the an- 
terior transverse ligament of the wrist. 
Scaphoid Bone of the Foot, Os Scapho'ides 
Pedis, Os navicula're, Os cymbifor'me, Boat-like 
bone, (F.) Scapho'ide du Pied. This bone is si- 
tuate at the forepart of the astragalus and innei 
part of the foot. The posterior surface forms a 
cavity, somewhat like that of a boat, for receiving 
the head of the astragalus. There is a promi- 
nence at the inner side of the bone, for the inser- 
tion of tendons, muscles, and strong ligaments. 
The forepart of the bone is convex, and divided 
into three articular surfaces for articulation with 
the ossa cuneiformia. Between the os naviculare 
and astragalus, the foot has its principal lateral 
and rotary motions; although each of the other SCAPHOIDE 
joints of the tarsus contributes a little. Part of 
the tibialis posticus is inserted into it. 
S0APH01DE DE LA MAIN, Os scaphoides 
mantis-s. du Pied. Os scaphoides pedis. 
SCAPHOIDO-ASTRAG'ALAN, Scaphdido- 
astragala'nus. That which relates to the sca- 
phoid bone and astragalus. The articulation of 
these bones is so called; and the ligament which 
strengthens it is termed the Scaphoido-astragalan 
ligament. 
SCAPHOIDO-CUBOID, Scapho'ido-cuboida' - 
us. That which relates to the scaphoid and cu- 
boid bones. The articulation of those bones is 
so called. 
SCAPHULA, Navicularis fossa. 
SCAPHUS, Auditory canal, external, Rima 
vulvae, Scapha. 
SCAP'ULA, Scap'ulum, Plata, Omopla'ta, Ho- 
moplata, Scop'tula, Epino'tion, Latitu'do hu'meri, 
Omop'late, Os latum hu'meri, Scutum thora'cis 
sen cordis, Spath'ula, Pteryg'ium, Chelo'nium, 
Spat'ula; the Blade-bone, the Shoulder-blade, 
(F.) Omoplate. An irregular, broad, flat bone, 
of a triangular shape, situate at the posterior part 
of the shoulder. It has, 1. A posterior or dorsal 
surface or Dorsum, Testu'do scap'ula, divided 
transversely into two parts, by a triangular pro- 
cess, called Spine of the Scapula; which termi- 
nates by a considerable eminence, called Acro- 
mion. Above the spine, is the Fossa supra-spi- 
nata ; below it, the F. inf ra-spinata. 2. An an- 
terior or costal surface, or venter, forming the 
Fossa subscapularis. 3. A superior or cervical 
edge, which is thin, and terminates, anteriorly, by 
a strong, curved apophysis, called the coracoid 
process. 4. A posterior or vertebral edge, called, 
also, the base. 5. An outer or axillary or infe- 
rior edge, having a thick, truncated angle, in 
which is the glenoid cavity. With this is articu- 
lated the head of the humerus. The glenoid 
cavity is separated from the body of the bone by 
a narrower part, called the cervix or neck. The 
edges or margins are, also, called costa. The 
scapula has three angles - an inferior, superior, 
and anterior. 
Scapula. Humerus. 
Scapulas Nasi, Partes latera'les nasi. The 
lateral parts of the nose. 
SCAPULAL'GIA; from scapula, 'the shoul- 
der-blade,' and a\yo;, ' pain.' Arthralgia of the 
shoulder-joint. 
SCAP'ULAR, Scap'ulary, Scapula'ris, from 
scapula, 'the shoulder-blade.' That which re- 
lates or belongs to the scapula. 
Scapular Aponeuro'sis. A broad, thin apo- 
neurosis, with decussating fibres; which is at- 
tached, above, to the spine of the scapula; below, 
to a crest between the teres major and infra-spi- 
natus: within, to the spinal edge of the scapula; 
and which, at its middle, unites with the thin 
aponeurosis that covers a part of the external 
surface of the deltoid. 
Scapular Arteries. These are several. 
it. The Superior scapular, Superficial scapular 
of Sbmmering, Dorsa'lis scapula superior, Trans- 
versa'lis scapula, T. Hu'meri. This arises from 
the subclavian; and often from the inferior thy- 
roid, or from a trunk common to it and the pos- 
terior scapular or transverse scapular or cervical. 
It passes behind the clavicle, above the superior 
edge of the scapula, and buries itself between the 
dorsal surface of that bone and the muscles in- 
serted into it. b. The inferior scapular or com- 
mon scapular or internal scapular or subscapular 
artery. A. Thorac"ica axilla'ris vel ala'ris, is of 
considerable size. It arises from the inferior part 
of the axillary artery, behind the brachial plexus 
- -gives oil severa' branches to the armpit, and 
774 
SCARLATINA 
divides into two branches:-the one, Scapula'ris 
interna, and the smaller of the two, is distribu- 
ted, almost entirely, to the serratus major anti- 
cus, and latissimus dorsi; the other, the larger 
of the two, the Dorsa'lis Seap'ulce inferior vel 
Circumflex' a Scapula' ris, which distributes its 
branches to the subscapular and supra-spinal, 
and infra-spinal regions. 
Scapular Notch, see Notch, scapular. 
Scapular Veins follow the same course as the 
arteries, which they accompany. 
SCAPULARS, Seapulary. 
SCAP'ULARY, Scapula' re, Fascia Scapula'- 
ris, from scapula. A broad, linen bandage, divi- 
ded into two tails for three quarters of its length, 
the undivided extremity of which is attached to 
the posterior and middle part of a bandage car- 
ried round the body; the tails passing over the 
shoulders; and being attached to the anterior 
part of the body bandage, to prevent it from 
slipping down. 
SCAP'ULO-IIU'MERAL. An epithet given 
to the shoulder-joint. It is an orbicular articula- 
tion, resulting from the reception of the head of 
the humerus into the glenoid cavity of the sca- 
pula. To keep the bones in connexion, there 
are : 1. A very strong, conoidal capsular liga- 
ment; passing from the circumference of the gle- 
noid cavity around the neck of the humerus. 2. 
A fibro-cartilaginous ring, called the glenoid liga- 
ment, and a synovial capsule. 
SCAPULO-HUMERAL, Teres major-s. Hu- 
mero-olecranien, Triceps extensor cubiti-s. Hy- 
o'idien, Omohyoideus - 8. Radial, Biceps flexor 
cubiti-s. Trochiterien, grand, Infra-spinatus. 
SCAPUS, Penis, see Hair. 
SCAR, Cicatrix. 
Scar, Seam. To mark with a cicatrix or 
seam. 
SCARABJEO'LUS HEMISPHJERICUS, Coc- 
cus cacti. 
SCARBOROUGH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Scarborough Spa. A celebrated English chaly- 
beate, at Scarborough, in Yorkshire. One of the 
springs is a simple, carbonated chalybeate, like 
that of Tunbridge: the other has an admixture 
of purging salt. Scarborough, having the addi- 
tional advantage of sea-bathing, is much fre- 
quented by invalids. 
SCARDAMYG'MUS, Scardamyx'is, (F.) Clig- 
nement, from cKapia/jivaaeiv, 'to wink.' Winking, 
nictation. 
SCARIFICA'TION, Scarified,' tio (Galen,) 
Amyx'is, Schasis, Catacas'mus, Catachas'mus, 
Amyg'mus, Sehasmus, Encharax'is, from aicapupao- 
pai, 'to make a slight scratch.' The act of sca- 
rifying. Also, a small incision, Am'yche, made 
into the skin with a lancet, bistoury, or scarifica- 
tor, for different therapeutical purposes,- as to 
draw blood, or to discharge some effused fluid. 
When the scarifications are very superficial, and 
do not go farther than the skin, they are termed 
by the French, Mouchetures. 
SCARIFICA'TOR, Scarificato'rium, Sehaste'- 
rium. An instrument for making scarifications. 
It consists of a small brass box, of a cubical 
shape, in which 10 or 12 lancet points turn upon 
a common pivot. By means of a spring, all these 
blades can be made to issue at once, and make 
as many scarifications. 
SCARIFICATORIUM, Scarificator. 
SCARIOLA, Cichorium endivia, Lactuca sca- 
riola. 
SCARIOLE, Cichorium endivia. 
SCARLATA, Scarlatina. 
SCARLATI'NA, from scarlatto (I.), 'a deep 
red.' Searlata, Enanthe'sis Rota'lia, Rosa'lia, 
Rossa'lia, R. squamo'sa, Rosa'lia, Rube'ola, of SCARLATINOUS 
some, Morbil'li ig'nei, M. conjluen'tcs, Morbus 
scarlatino's us, Febris scarlatino'sa, Gut'turis mor- 
bus cpidem'icus Forest'i, Pur'pura, Typhus scar- 
latinas, Febris rubra, Scarlet Fever, Hash-fever, 
Porphyris'mus, Porphyris'ma, (F.) Fievre rouge, 
F. pourpree. The characteristic symptoms of 
scarlatina are :-a scarlet flush, appearing about 
the second day of fever on the face, neek, and 
fauces; and progressively spreading over the 
body; terminating about the 7th day. Two great 
varieties may be reckoned; - the <S'. simplex, S. 
febris, S. benig'na, anyi'nd, in which the 
fever is moderate and terminates with the efflo- 
rescence ; prostration of strength being trifling, 
and the contagious property slight;-and the S. 
Angino'sa, S. Paristhmit'ica, S. Gynanch'ica, S. 
mit"ior, in which the fever is severe; the throat 
ulcerated; the eruption later in its appearance, 
and less extensive; often changing to a livid 
hue; the fever being highly contagious. Scarla- 
tina malig'na, S. gra'vior, has been reckoned a 
variety of this, in its worst degree. It agrees 
with the Cynanche maligna of Cullen. 
Scarlatina belongs to the Major exanthemata, 
and is a disease, chiefly, of children. The eruption 
differs from that of measles,in being an efflorescence 
not raised above the cuticle. Measles, too, is at- 
tended with catarrhal symptoms, whilst the com- 
plication, in scarlatina, is cynanche. The treat- 
ment of simple scarlatina need not be much. It 
must be antiphlogistic. If the throat be very 
much ulcerated, acid gargles and counter-irri- 
tants must be employed; and if the affection be- 
come manifestly typhoid, and the sore throat of 
a malignant character, the case must be treated 
like typhus gravior; with antiseptic gargles of 
bark, acid, <tc. Anasarca sometimes supervenes 
on scarlatina, and requires attention Purgatives 
are here demanded as well as the use of sorbefa- 
cients, such as mercury and squill, <fcc. 
Scarlatina Anginosa, see Scarlatina - s. Be- 
nigna, see Scarlatina - s. Cynanchica, see Scar- 
latina-s. Febris, see Scarlatina-s. Gravior, see 
Scarlatina - s. Miliaris, Rubeola - s. Mitior, see 
Scarlatina-s. Paristhmitica, see Scarlatina - s. 
Pustulosa, Rubeola - s. Rheuinatica, Dengue - 
s. sine Angina, see Scarlatina-s. Urticata, Urti- 
caria. 
SCARLATI'NOUS, Scarlatinal, Scarlatino'- 
sus. Relating or appertaining to scarlatina. 
SCARLET BERRY, Solatium dulcamara. 
SCARLET FEVER, Scarlatina. 
SCATACRASIA, Scoracrasia. 
SCATACRATIA, Scoracrasia. 
SCELAL'GIA, from o-crAo?, 'the leg,' and 
aXyo;, 'pain.' Pain of the leg. 
Scelalgia Antica, Neuralgia femoro-pretibi- 
alis - s. Postica, Neuralgia femoro-poplitea - s. 
Puerperarum, Phlegmatia dolens. 
SCELETEU'SIS. Mummification. Also, the 
mode of making a skeleton, Skeletopoe'a, Syn- 
taxes. 
SCELETOLOGIA, Skeletology. 
SCELETON. Skeleton. 
SCELETOPCEA, Sceleteusis. 
SCELETUM, Skeleton-s. Artificiale, see Ske- 
leton- s. Naturale, see Skeleton. 
SCELONCUS, Phlegmatia dolens. 
SCELOR RIIE U'MA, Hheumatis'mus cruris, 
from ckcXos, ' the leg,' and pevpa, ' defluxion, 
rheumatism.' Rheumatism of the leg. 
SCELOS, Leg. 
SCELOTYRBE, Chorea, Porphyra nautica - 
s. Febrilis, see Subsultus tendinum-s. Festinans, 
Paralysis agitans- s. Tarantismus, Chorea. 
6CEPARN0N, Amnios, Ascia. 
SCEPASTERIUM, Couvrechef. 
775 
SCHIZATRICHIA 
SCEPASTRUM, Oouvrechef. 
SCEPTRUM, Penis. 
SCHASIS, Scarification. 
SCHASMUS, Scarification. 
SCHASTERION, Fleam, Lancet, Scarificator. 
SC1IEBA ARABUM, Artemisia santonica. 
SCHERBET', Sherbet', Serbet', Tscherbet', Sor- 
be'thum, Sorbet'turn, Sorbe'tum. A drink prepared 
by the Turks, Persians, <fcc., with sugar and the 
juice of acid fruits. 
SCHERLIEVO, Mai di Scherlievo, Mai di 
Breno, Mai di Fiume, Margaretizza, Morbus Cro- 
atia, Frambee'sia Blyr'ica, M. fiuminien'sis, Fal- 
cadina, Sialo di Scarlievo, Scabies venerea con- 
tagio'sa. A name given to a particular form of 
syphilis, observed in Illyria. It is said to be 
capable of being communicated without imme- 
diate contact; and, that its principal symptoms 
are:-pains in the bones, ulceration of the fauces, 
pustules, and fungous growths in different parts 
of the body. 
SCIIERO'MA. A dryness of the eye from the 
want of lachrymal secretion. - Dictionaries. 
SCHIAS, Neuralgia femoro-poplitma. 
SCHIDAKE'DON, Sehidace'dtim, Sehindace' - 
dum, Schindal'amus, Schindal'mus, from 
' I cleave.' A longitudinal fracture of a bone. - 
Galen. 
SCIIINDACEDUM, Schidakedon. 
SCHINDAL AM US, Schidakedon,Schindylesis. 
SCHINDALESIS, Schindylesis. 
SCHINDALMUS, Schidakedon, Schindylesis. 
SCHINDYLE'SIS, Schindale'sis, Schindal' a- 
nms, Schindal'mus. An articulation of bones - 
by furrowing, as it were; as in that of the vomer, 
which constitutes, in part, the septum narium. 
Also, the act of splitting into small pieces; from 
'I split into small pieces. - Hippo- 
crates. 
SCHINELJE'ON, from 'the mastic 
tree,' and ehaiov, 'oil;' Oleum lentis'cinuni. Oil 
of mastic. - Dioscorides. 
SCIIINOCEPHALUS, Scillocephalus. 
SCHINOS, Seilla. 
SCHINZNACH or IIAPSBURG, MINERAL 
WATERS OF. These springs are situate three 
leagues from Baden, and are amongst the most 
celebrated bathing-places in Switzerland. The 
waters are of the saline sulphurous kind; and 
have a high reputation in cutaneous and rheu- 
matic affections, visceral obstructions, and glan- 
dular enlargements. They contain sulphate of 
lime, sulphate of soda, chloride of sodium, chlo- 
ride of magnesium, sulphate of magnesia, sul- 
phate of lime, carbonate of magnesia, and oxide of 
iron ; sulphohydric acid, and carbonic acid gases. 
SCHISMA, Fissure, Rima. 
SCHISTOCEPH'ALUS, from 'cleft, 
separated,' and xe<f>a\n, 'head.' A monster having 
some part of the head cleft or fissured. - Gurlt. 
SCHISTOCOR'MUS, from 'cleft, sepa- 
rated,' and Koppoj, 'trunk.' A monster having 
some part of the trunk cleft or fissured. - Gurlt. 
SCHISTOM'ELUS, from ' cleft, sepa- 
rated, and prXo>, 'a limb.' A monster whose 
limbs are fissured. 
SCHISTORRHACHIS, Hydroraehis. 
SCHISTOSO'MUS, from 'cleft,' and 
auya, ' body.' A malformation of the abdomen, 
in which the fissure and eventration extend over 
the entire length of the abdomen ; the lower ex 
tremities being absent, or very little developed, 
so that the body appears as if truncated infe- 
riorly. -Vogel. 
SCHIZA, Rima, Rima vulvas. 
S CH IZATRICIITA, Triehos'chisis, Schizo- SCHLANGENBAD 
trich'ia, from ax'£a> <a <a split/ and 9o<f, 
' a hair.' The splitting of the hairs at their ex- 
tremities.- J. P. Frank. 
SCHLANGENBAD, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Schlangenbad is a much-frequented water- 
ing-place in Germany. The waters contain a 
little carbonic acid, and carbonate of soda. Tem- 
perature 86° Fahrenheit. 
SCHNEIDERIAN MEMBRANE, Pituitary 
membrane. 
SCHtENANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
SC11OLA, School. 
SCHOLLERA OXYCOCCOS, Vaccinium oxy- 
coccos. 
SCHOOL, Schola. A place of education. (F.) 
Ecole. In Europe the large Medical Schools are 
usually attached to the universities. In England, 
however, there has been no medical school of 
celebrity at either of the universities of Oxford 
or Cambridge ; owing greatly to their provincial 
situation. Of late, two schools have existed in 
London, attached to the London University - 
University College and King's College. Excel- 
lent private schools have, however, long existed 
in that metropolis. The medical schools of Eu- 
rope which have been most celebrated, are those 
of Edinburgh, Leyden, Berlin, Halle, Tubingen, 
Paris, Montpellier, Bologna, Padua, Pavia, and 
Pisa. In the United States, the medical schools 
are numerous; at this time not fewer than 30 or 
40. Those most numerously attended, are the 
medical department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania, Jefferson Medical College of Philadel- 
phia, the University of the City of New York, 
and the Louisville Medical Institute. 
SCHOOLEY'S MOUNTAIN, MINERAL 
WATERS OF. The waters of this New Jersey 
Spring are chalybeate. According to Dr. McNe- 
vin, they contain extractive, chloride of sodium, 
chloride of calcium, chloride of magnesium, car- 
bonate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonate of 
magnesia, silex, and carbonate, and oxide of iron. 
SCHORBUTUS, Purpura. 
SCHOUSBA3A COCCINEA, Cacoucia cocei- 
nea. 
SCHWALBACH, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Schwalbach is a town of Germany, seated on the 
Aa, 32 miles west of Frankfort. The waters con- 
tain chloride of sodium, carbonates of lime and 
magnesia, iron, sulphate of lime, carbonic acid, 
oxygen, &c. Employed as a tonic. 
SCHWANN, WHITE SUBSTANCE OF, see 
Substance, white, of Schwann. 
SCHWENDECK, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
These waters are about 5 leagues from Miinich, 
in Bavaria. They contain carbonic acid; carbo- 
nate and sulphate of lime, chloride of calcium; 
chloride of magnesium; carbonate of soda, and 
oxide of iron, and are much used for cutaneous 
affections. 
SCIAT'IC, Ischiat'ic, hchiat'icui, Sciat'ieue, 
from ' the haunch.' A word formed by 
contraction from ischiatic, which latter is still 
used. See Ischiatic. 
Sciatic Nerve, Great, Nerrus ischiad'icus, 
Great fem'oro-poplite' al, (Ch.) (F.) Grand nerf 
sciatique, ought to be esteemed a continuation of 
the sacral plexus. It issues from the pelvis be- 
tween the pyramidalis and superior gemellus ; 
descends along the posterior part of the thigh; 
and after having given branches to the gemini, 
quadratus, obturator externus, glutaeus maximus, 
semi-membranosus, semi-tendinosus, biceps and 
tnird abductor muscles, it divides, about the in- 
ferior third of the thigh, into two branches; the 
one, named the external jaqpMeal; the other, the 
internal. 
776 
SCINCUS 
Sciatic Nerve, Lesser, Inferior gin 'teal 
branch of the sacral plexus, Lesser fem'oro-popli- 
te'al nerve, (Ch.) (F.) Nerf petit sciatique, which 
seems especially formed by the 2d and 3d saeral, 
is given off from the lower part of the plexus, and 
escapes from the pelvis beneath the pyramidalis 
muscle. It gives branches - nervi cuta'nei clu'- 
niurn inferio'res- to the glutieus maximus; a 
sciatic branch or infra-pelvic cutaneous or peri- 
neal cutaneous, Pudenda'Us longue infe'rior, which 
passes under the tuberosity of the ischium, and 
furnishes filaments to the glutseus maximus, and 
to the muscles of the perinteum, urethra, penis, 
scrotum, Ac.; and a posterior femoral cutaneous 
branch - middle posterior cutaneous nerve - the 
filaments of which traverse the femoral aponeu- 
rosis, to be distributed on the skin of the poste- 
rior part of the thigh. The principal branch of 
the lesser sciatic nerve divides, near the ham, 
into two or three filaments, which descend under 
the integuments almost as far as the inferior part 
of the leg. 
Sciatic Notch, Great, Sciatic Fnra'men, In- 
cisu'ra ischiad'iea major, (F.) Grande echancrure 
sciatique ou grand trou sciatique, is a large notch 
at the posterior edge of each os innoininatum, 
below the posterior and inferior iliac spine, which 
is converted into a foramen by the sacrum and 
sacro-sciatic ligaments. The lesser sciatic notch, 
lucisu'ra isehiuJ'ica minor, Luna Albi'ni, (F.) 
Petite ichancrure ischiatique, is much smaller 
than the last, from which it is separated by the 
sciatic spine. It gives passage to the tendon of 
the obturator internus, and to the internal pudie 
vessels and nerves. 
Sciatic Region, Ischiadic region. 
Sciatic Spine, Spine of the Ischium, Spinous 
Proc"ess of the Ischium, is a short, flat, pyramidal 
eminence on the os innominatum, above the pre- 
ceding foramen; which gives insertion to the 
lesser sacro-sciatic ligament. 
SCIATICA, Neuralgia femoro-poplitiea. 
SCIATIQUE, Neuralgia femoro-poplitaea. 
SCIE, Saw. 
SCIENTIA HERMETICA, Alchymy-s. Me- 
dendi, Medicina- s. Medica, Medicinn. 
SCIERO'l'IA, from mc<roo$, 'shady,' and 
'the eye.' A defect of vision, in which all ob- 
jects have a darker hue than natural. 
SCILLA, Scilla marit'ima, Scylla, Aschil, 
Sehinas, Oc'ulus Typho'uis, Ornithog'alum ma- 
rit'imum seu squil'la, Stella'ris scilla, Squilla, 
Squill or sea onion, Eye of Typhon, (F.) Ognon 
marin. Family, Liliaceae. Sex. Syst. liexandria 
Monogynia. Native of Spain, Austria, Ac. The 
bulb or root of the squill has a bitter, nauseous 
taste, and is extremely acrid; inflaming the skin 
when rubbed on it. Its acrimony, on which its 
virtues depend, is destroyed by heat, drying, and 
keeping. It is extracted by vinegar, spirit, and 
water. In large doses, squill is emetic and pur- 
gative; in small doses, diuretic and expectorant. 
Its active principle has been called scillitine. 
Dose, gr. j to v of the dried root, united or not 
with mercury. 
Scilla Esculen'ta, Phalan'gium esrulen'tum, 
Eastern Quamash, Wild Hy'acinth', indigenous ; 
flowering in May. An article of diet amongst 
the Western Indians. It is made into bread and 
poultices for inflamed breasts. 
SCILLOCEPH'ALUS, SehinocepK alite, from 
trKihha, 'a bulbous-rooted plant, the squill,' and 
scq>a\n, ' head.' One who has a large bulbifvrm 
head. 
SCINCUS, cKiyeot or cxiy/of. A species of 
Saurus or Lacer'ta, common in Egypt, and much 
extolled by the ancients, as alexipharmic and 
aphrodisiac. SCINTILLA 
SCINTIL'LA VEN'ERIS, 'a relic of Venus.' 
A name given, by Paracelsus, to the impotence 
and loss of power in the limbs, produced by 
syphilis. 
S CIO M'A CHY, Skioma'chia, Skiamachia ; 
from aKia, * a shade,' and payn, ' a fight.' An 
exercise with the ancients, which consisted in a 
mock encounter at boxing and jumping with 
one's own shadow. 
SCIRRHE, Scirrhus. 
SCIRRHOBLEPHARONCUS, see Scleriasis. 
SCIRRHOCELE, Orcheocele scirrhosa. 
S C I R RII OGAS'TRIA, (F.) Squirrogastrie ; 
Scirrhus ventric'uli ; from <nc<ppoy, 'hard,' and 
yacr/yp, ' stomach.' Scirrhus of the stomach. 
SCIR'RHOID, ScirrhoVdes, Scirrho'des, from 
o-Kippuy, 'scirrhus,' and ubo;, 'resemblance. Re- 
sembling scirrhus. 
SCIRRHOMA, Scirrhus. 
SCIRRHOPHTIIAL' MIA, Nc.rrfccpAtW'mw, 
from <rK<ppoy, ' scirrhus,' and o0$aX/joy, ' the eye,' 
Cancer oc'uli. Cancer of the eye. 
SciRRHOPHTHALMIA PALPEBRARUM, See Sole- 
riJisis. 
SCIRRHOSARCA NEONATORUM, Indura- 
tion of the cellular tissue. 
SCIRRHOSIS, Scirrhus. 
SCIRRHOUS, Scirrho'sus; same etymon as 
scirrhus. Of or belonging to scirrhus. 
Scirrhous Sarco'ma of Ab'ernethy, Em- 
phy'ma sarco'ma scirrho'sum. Hard, rigid, vas- 
cular infarction of glandular follicles; indolent, 
insentient, glabrous; sometimes shrinking and 
becoming more indurated. Found in glandulous 
structures. 
SCIRRHUS, Squirrhus, Scirrho'ma, Scirrho'- 
sis, Cancer scirrho'sus, Carcino'ma simplex, C. 
fibro'sum, Indura'tio malig'na, Schirrus, Sclerus, 
Carcinom'atous sarco'ma, Hard cancer, Fibrous 
cancer; from aiappos, 'hard,' 'indurated;' (F.) 
Squirre, Schirre, Skirre. A disease, so called 
from the hardness that characterizes it. It is a 
state of induration, of a peculiar kind, affecting 
glandular structures generally, but capable of 
occurring in other textures. It usually precedes 
carcinoma, of which it may, indeed, be considered 
as the first stage. Scirrhus must not be con- 
founded with the induration which succeeds in- 
flammation, although the two states are often 
complicated, and may stand, occasionally, in the 
relation of cause and effect to each other. Scir- 
rhus is ordinarily accompanied by violent shoot- 
ing pains. It is also irregular on its surface; 
and when cut into has a bluish or grayish white 
colour. When the surgeon is satisfied of the ex- 
istence of scirrhus, he had better remove it at 
once. No other treatment seems to possess much 
advantage. 
Galen uses the term Scirrho'sis for a livid ex- 
crescence caused by inflammation. 
Scirrhus et Carcinoma Ventriculi, see Gas- 
trostenosis cardiaea et pylorica-s. Hepatis, He- 
patoscirrhus-s. Intestinorum, Enteropathia can- 
cerosa - s. Palpebrarum, see Scleriasis - s. Tes- 
ticuli, Sarcocele - s. Uteri, Metroscirrhus - s. 
Ventriculi, Gastroscirrhus. 
SCISSIPARITE, see Generation. 
SCISSORS, Forfex, Forpex, Psalis, Tomis, 
(F.) Ciseaux. A well-known instrument in com- 
mon use, and often employed in surgery. Scis- 
sors are composed of two cutting blades, crossing 
each other and moving upon an axis. They are 
straight or curved. Sometimes the curve is on 
the flat side, when they are called, in France, 
Ciseaux d cuiller; at others, on their edges. 
The scissors, bent so that the blades make an 
777 
SCLEROTICONYXIS 
obtuse angle with the handles, are also much 
used. They are called in France Ciaeaux condta. 
Scissors are used for dividing soft, loose, isola- 
ted parts, which it would be difficult to reach and 
to cut with the bistoury. They are employed, 
likewise, in the operation for harelip, and for re- 
moving warts, fungous excrescences, <fcc. 
SCISSURA, Fissure-s. Vulva, see Rima. 
SCISSURJE, Rhagades. 
SCISSURE DE GLASER, Fissure, glenoid- 
s. Grand mediane du Cervelet, Valley-s. de San- 
torini, Santorini, fissure of. 
SCLAREA, Salvia sclarea. 
SCLEREMA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
SOLE RE ME, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
SCLEREMIA, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
SCLEREMUS, Induration of the cellular tissue. 
SCLERENCEPHA'LIA, Indura'tio cer'ebri, 
from <r<X>;pof, 'hard,' and cyiceipahov, 'the brain.' 
(F.) Endureisaement du cerveau. Induration of 
the brain. 
SCLERIA, Scleriasis. 
SCLERI'ASIS, Sclero'ma, Sclero'aia, Sele'ria, 
Sclerya'mua, Seph'irua, from ' hard.' Any 
kind of hardness or induration. Sometimes hard- 
ness of the eyelids, Calio' aitaa palpebra'rum, Scir- 
rhoblepharon'cua, Scirrhophthal'mia palpebra'- 
rum, Scirrh.ua palpebra'rum; at others, hardness 
of the genital organs of the female; probably 
synonymous with scirrhus. - Galen. Paulus. 
Hardness of bones, Fragil'itaa Oa'aium. 
SCLERITIS, Sclerotitis. 
SCLERODERMA, Induration of the cellular 
SCLERODES, Sclerotic. 
SCLEROMA, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
Scleriasis. 
SCLEROMENINX, Dura mater. 
SCLERONYXIS, Scleroticonyxis. 
SCLEROPHTHALMIA, Hordeolum. 
SCLEROS, Hard. 
SCLEROSARCO'MA, from acXijpoj, 'hard,' and 
aap<cu/4«, ' a fleshy tumour.' A hard, fleshy tu- 
mour, seated on the gums, and resembling a 
cock's comb. 
SCLEROSIS, Induration of the cellular tissue, 
Scleriasis. 
SCLEROSTENOSIS CUTANEA, Induration 
of the cellular tissue. 
SCLEROT'IC, Sclerot'ica, from caXupout, ' I 
harden.' Cornea opa'ca, Sclero'dea, Tunica dura 
seu albugin'ea seu du'rior et craaa'ior seu ex'tima 
seu alba seu can'dida seu innomina'ta oc'uli, 
Sclero'tia, (F.) Sclerotique. A hard, resisting, 
opake membrane, of a pearly white colour and 
fibrous nature, which covers nearly the posterior 
four-fifths of the globe of the eye, and has the form 
of a sphere truncated before. It is strengthened by 
the expansion of the muscles of the eye, to which 
expansion many anatomists have given the name 
Tu'nica albugin'ea. It forms the white of the 
eye, Albu'men, Album oc'uli, Lon'chadea, Log'- 
adea, Loch'adea, Leu'cadea. The seierotic is pe- 
netrated posteriorly by a round opening, for the 
passage of the optic nerve; and, anteriorly, it 
has a much larger opening, into which the trans- 
parent cornea is received. There are, besides 
many small oblong apertures in it for the passage 
of nerves and vessels, proceeding to the interior 
of the eye. In the foetus, the seierotic may be 
separated into two very distinct laminae. 
SCLEROTICA CERATOIDES, Cornea. 
SCLEROTICITIS, Sclerotitis. 
SCLEROTICONYX'IS, Scleronyx'ia, Scleroto- 
nyx'ia, from ceXiypoj, 'hard,' and 'punetur SCLEKOTICUS 
Ing.' Perforation of the sclerotica in the opera- 
tion for cataract by depression. 
SCLEKOTICUS, Indurans. 
SCLEROTIQUE, Sclerotic. 
SCLEROTIS, Sclerotic. 
SCLEROTI'TIS, Inflamma'tioSclerot'icce, Leu- 
ci'tis, Lonchadi'tis, Logadi'tis, Scleri'tis, Sclero- 
citi'tis, Rhaumat'ic ophthal'mia, Ophthal'mia ar- 
thrit'iea, from sclerotica, and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Inflammation of the sclerotic coat 
of the eye. 
SCLEROTIUM CLAVL'S, see Ergot. 
SCLERUNTICUS, Indurans. 
SCLERUS, Induration, Scirrhus. 
SCLERYNTICUS, Indurans. 
SCLERYS'MA, from aicXripos, 'hard.' Indura- 
tion ; also, induration of the liver. 
SCLERYSMUS, Scleriasis. 
SCLIRUS, Scirrhus. 
SCLOPETA'RIUS, from sclopetum, 'a gun.' 
Relating to a gun. Hence, Aqua sclopeta'ria, a 
water for gunshot wounds. Vul'nera sclopeta'ria, 
gunshot wounds, <fcc. 
SCLOPETOPLAGJE, Wounds, gunshot. 
SCOBS, Prisma, Eysma, Ramen'tuni, Rasu'ra. 
A shaving, also, an alkali; and the scoria of any 
metal. 
SCtENANTHUM, Juncus odoratus. 
SCOLECESIS, Helminthiasis. 
SCOLECIASIS, Helminthiasis. 
SCOLEX, Asearis lumbricoides. 
SCOLIOMA, Scoliosis. 
SCOLIO'SIS, Scoli o'ma, Rhachio - scolio'ma, 
from aKoXtof, 'crooked.' A distortion of the spine 
to one side. See Hump. 
SCOLOPENDRA, Aspleniuin scolopendrium. 
SCOLOPENDRIA, Asplenium ceterach, and 
A. scolopendrium. 
SCOLOPENDRIUM LINGUA, Asplenium 
scolopendrium - s. Officinarum, Asplenium sco- 
lopendrium - s. Phyllitis, Asplenium scolopen- 
drium-s. Ruta muraria, Asplenium ruta muraria 
-s. Vulgare, Asplenium scolopendrium. 
SCOLOPOMACHJE'RION, from 'the 
woodcock,' and 'a knife;' so called be- 
cause it is bent a little at the extremity like a 
woodcock's bill. A sort of blunt-pointed bistoury. 
- Scultetus. 
SCOLYMUS SATIVUS, Cynara scolymus. 
SCOOP, Tout. Schoepe, Cochlea're, (F.) 
Curette. A surgical instrument of the shape of 
a spoon, which is used for the extraction of cer- 
tain foreign bodies. The scoop is often employed 
to extract balls impacted in the soft parts; to re- 
move calculi from the urinary bladder in lithoto- 
my, &e. A small scoop is sometimes used to 
extract foreign bodies from the meatus auditorius 
externus, nasal fossae, <tc. 
SCOPA REGIA, Ruscus. 
SCOPARIUS, see Spartium scoparium. 
SCOPE, oKoirr), Scop'ia, Scopes, from gko-itim, 
'I look around.' A common suffix to words 
meaning 'view, inspection,' as cr&moscopy, ste- 
tho«copy. Ac. 
SCOPOLINA ATROPOIDES, Hyoscyamus 
scopolia. 
SCOPTULA, Scopula. 
SCOPULA. Brush. 
SCOR, Excrement. 
SCORACRATI'A, Scoraera' sia, Scatacra'sia, 
Seatacrati'a, Oopracrati'a, Copracra'sia, Inconti- 
nen'tia Alvi, from asap, 'excrement,' and arpatria, 
'want of control.' Want of power to retain the 
faeces. Involuntary evacuation of the faeces. 
SCORBUT, Porphyra nautica, Purpura hae- 
morrhagica-a. des Alpes, Pellagra-«. de Terre, 
Purpura haemorrhagica. 
778 
SCROFULA 
SCORBU'TIC, Scorbu'ticus. That which be- 
longs to scurvy. One affected with scurvy. 
SCORBUTUS, Purpura-s. Alpinus, Pellagra 
-s. Nauticus, Porphyra nautica-s. Oris, Cancer 
aquaticus. 
SCORDINEMA, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
SCORDINISMUS, Carebaria, Pandiculation. 
SCORDIUM, Teucrium scordium. 
SCORDON, Allium. 
SCORITH, Sulphur. 
SCORODON, Allium. 
SCORPIODEX'IS, from o-xoprioj, 'the scor- 
pion,' and 'bite:'-more properly, Scorpi- 
ostig'ma; front oKopriiav, and criypa, 'puncture.' 
The sting of the scorpion. 
SCOR'PION, Scor'pio, Scorpius, from cKopsiotu, 
'I puncture.' A genus of insects having a sting 
at the extremity of their tail, with which they 
make dangerous wounds. An Oil of Scorpion 
was once made from them, which is not now used. 
SCORPIOSTIGMA, Scorpiodexis. 
SCORPIUS, Scorpion. 
SCORTUM, Scrotum. 
SCORZONE'RA, hu'milis seu lana'ta seu 
nervo'sa, Escorzone'ra, Vipera'ria, Serpenta'ria 
Hispan'ica, Ojfic"inal viper's grass, Viper's grass, 
Goat's grass. Family, Cichoraceae. Sex. Syst. 
Syngenesia Polygamia. The roots have been 
used as alexipharmics, and in hypochondriacal 
disorders and obstructions of the viscera. The 
root of the Scorzonera Hispan'ica is esculent, but 
inefficacious as a drug. 
SCOTAS'MA, Scoto'ma, Scoto'dia, Scoto'sis, 
Scotos; from o-xoror, ' darkness.' Obscurity of 
vision, darkness, Suffu'sio ra'dians. Also Sco- 
todinia. 
SCOTCH FIDDLE, Psora. 
SCOTODIA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
SCOTODIN'IA, Scoto'ma, Dimes Scoto'ma, Sco- 
todi'ni, Tenebrico'sa verti'go, Scotos, Scotas'ma, 
Scoto'sis, Scot'omy, from ckotos, 'darkness,' and 
bivcw, ' I turn round.' Giddiness, with impaired 
sight, often succeeded by headaeh. See Vertigo. 
SCOTOMA, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
SCOTOMY, Scotodinia. 
SCOTOS, Scotasma, Scotodinia. 
SCOTOSIS, Scotodinia. 
SCOTT'S ACID BATH, Nitro-muriatic acid 
bath. A bath of dilute aqua regia, employed by 
Dr. Scott, of India, as a remedy in hepatic dis- 
eases. Three pints by measure of muriatic acid, 
and two of nitric acid, are mixed to form the 
aqua regia. In preparing this for use, a pint of 
it is mixed with an equal quantity of water. 
The acid bath consists of three ounces of this 
dilute acid to every gallon of water. 
SCRATCH, Psora. 
SCREATUS, Excreation. 
SCRIPTULUM, Scruple. 
SCRIPULUM, Scruple. 
SCRIPULUS, Scruple. 
SCRIVENER'S CRAMP, Cramp, writers'. 
SCROBIC'ULUS, Scrobic'ulum, (F.) Fossette. 
A little ditch or furrow; diminutive of scrobs, 
'a ditch.' 
Scrobic'vlds Cordis, Anticar'dium, Procar'- 
dium, (F.) Fossette du coeur, Avant-coeur, Anti- 
coeur. The pit of the stomach. The depression 
at the anterior part of the abdomen, below the 
xiphoid cartilage. 
ScROBicrLus Variola:, Pockmark. 
SCROFF7E, Scrofula. 
SCROF'ULA, Scroph'ula, Scroph'ula!; from 
scrofa, 'a sow;' because swine were presumed to 
be subject to a similar complaint. Serophulo'sis, 
Morbus scrophulo'sue, Vit"ium scroph ulo'sum, 
Cacochym'ia seu Cachex'ia seu Dyscra'tia scro- 
phulo 'sa, Padatroph'ia glandulo'sa, Struma, SCROFULAIRE 
Choerus, Coiras, Tabes Glandula'ris, Adeno'sis 
scrofulo'sa, Scroffce, Chrceas, King's evil, The 
Evil, Cruets (Scottice), (F.) Scrophules, Scrofides, 
Strumes, Ecrouelles, Humeurs froides, Tubercules 
des glandes lymphatiques, Mai du Roi. A state 
of the system characterized by indolent, glandu- 
lar tumours, chiefly in the neck; suppurating 
slowly and imperfectly, and healing with diffi- 
culty ; the disease ordinarily occurring in those 
of a sanguine temperament, with thick upper lip, 
&c. The tumours, after suppuration, degenerate 
into ulcers; which, in process of time, cicatrize, 
leaving scars. The internal organs are apt to be 
attacked in those disposed to scrofula; hence 
they «re often the subjects of phthisis and me- 
senteric affections. Scrofula is hereditary; and 
is frequently excited by insufficient or improper 
regimen, and by a close, confined air during the 
first years of existence. The best treatment is :- 
to strengthen the system by animal diet; pure 
air, and exercise, cold bathing, or sea-water 
bathing, &c. 
Scrofula Abdominalis Interna, Physconia 
strumosa. 
SCROFULAIRE, Scrophularia nodosa - s. 
Aquatique, Scrophularia aquatica. 
SCROFULA RIA, Scrophularia. 
SCROFULEUX, Scrofulous. 
SCROF'ULOUS, Scrophulo'sus, Scrophula'rius, 
Strumous, Strumo'sus, (F.) Scrofuleux, Strumeux. 
Suffering from, or relating to, scrofula. 
SCROPHULA, Scrofula-s. Mesenterica, Tabes 
mesenterica-s. Moluccana, Framboesia. 
SCROPHULzE, Scrofula-s. Gonorrhoicae, Go- 
norrhoea impura. 
SCROPHULARIA, S. Nodosa. 
Scrophula'ria Aquat'ica, Beton'ica aquat'- 
ica, Fica'ria, Ferra'ria, Castran'gula, Greater 
Water Figicort, Water Bet'ony, (F.) Scrofulaire 
aquatique. The leaves are celebrated as correc- 
tors of the bad flavour of senna. They were at 
one time regarded as eminently antiscrofulous, 
stomachic, and carminative. 
Scrophularia Fcetida, Scrophularia nodosa 
- s. Lanceolata, S. Nodosa - s. Marilandica, S. 
Nodosa - s. Minor, Ranunculus ficaria. 
Scrophula'ria Nodosa, Figwort, Kennelwort, 
Holmesweed, Heal-all, Scrophula'ria fcr.'tida seu 
vulga'ris seu lanceola'ta, seu Marilan'dica, Mil- 
lemor'bia, Scrophula'ria, (F.) Scrofulaire, Herbe 
aux ecrouelles. The root and leaves of this plant 
have been celebrated, both as an internal and ex- 
ternal remedy, against inflammations, piles, scro- 
fulous tumours, ulcers, <tc. 
Scrophularia Vulgaris, Scrophularia nodosa. 
SCROPHULARIUS, Scrofulous. 
SCROPHULES, Scrofula - s. Mesenteriques, 
Tabes mesenterica. 
SCROPHULOSIS, Sc-ofula. 
SCROPHULOSUS, Scrofulous. 
SCROTAL, Scrota'lis; from scrotum. Relating 
to the scrotum,- as Hernia scrota'lis, scrotal 
hernia. 
Scrotal Nerve, see Genito-crural Nerve. 
SCROTOCE'LE. A hybrid term ; from (L.) 
scrotum, and 'a tumour.' Hernia Scrota'lis, 
Scrotal her'nia. Inguinal hernia, descending 
into the scrotum ; Oscheocele. 
SCROTUM, from scorteus, scortenm, ' made of 
leather.'(?) Osche, Os'cheus, Os'chus, Os'cheon, 
Och'eus, Perm, Scortum, Marsu'pium, Bur'sula, 
Bursa tes'tium seu viri'lis, Cap'ulus, (?) Orchas, 
Os'cvs, Follic'ulus genita'lis, Her'nia, the Purse, 
the Cod, (F.) Les bourses. The integuments 
which cover the testes. These are nothing more 
than a prolongation of the skin of the inner 
part of the thighs, perin«snm, and penis. The 
skin is remarkable for i'.t brown colour, for the 
779 
SEA AIR 
numerous rugce, especially when the scrotum is 
contracted; for the great number of sebaceous 
follicles it contains; and for the long and few 
hairs which issue from it Tn the adult. The scro- 
tum is divided into two equal parts by a raphe, 
which extends from the anus to the root of the 
penis. Its organization is similar to that of the 
skin of other parts of the body, except that the 
chorion is thinner. 
Scrotum Cordis, Pericardium - s. Pendulum, 
Rhachosis. 
SCRUPLE, Didb'olon, Gramma'rium, Scru'- 
pulus, Scru'pulum, Scrip'tulus, Scrip'ulum, Scrip'- 
ulus. A weight of twenty grains, Troy; twenty- 
four grains, Poids de marc. 
SCUDAMORE'S MIXTURE, see Mixture, 
Scudamore's. 
SCULL, Cranium - s. Cap, Calvaria. 
SCURF, Sax. pcurT, Tent. S c h o r f t; Fur'- 
fura. Small exfoliations of the cuticle are so 
called. 
SCURFY, Furfuraceous. 
SCURVY OF THE ALPS, Pellagra-s. Grass, 
Sisyrinchium Bermudianum - s. Land, Purpura 
htemorrhagica--s. Petechial, Purpura simplex- 
s. Sea, Porphyra nautica - s. Grass, common, 
Cochlearia officinalis-s. Grass, lemon, Cochlea- 
ria officinalis - s. Grass, wild, Cochlearia coro- 
nopus. 
SCUTELLA, Cup. 
SCUTELLA'RIAGALERICULA'TA, Cassida 
gcdaricula'ta, Tertiana'ria, Skull-cap, (F.) Gas- 
side bleue. Family, Personeai. Sex. Syst. Didy- 
namia Angiospermia. This plant has a bitter 
taste and a garlic smell. It has been esteemed 
especially serviceable in tertian ague. 
Scutella'ria Lateriflo'ra, Skull-cap, Nad- 
weed, Hoodicort, Blue Pimp'ernel. An indigenous 
plant, which grows in all parts of the United 
States in moist places. It was at one time es- 
teemed a preventive of hydrophobia, but is pro- 
bably possessed of little virtue of any kind. 
Scutellaria Integrifo'lia, - another indi- 
genous variety,- is an intense bitter. 
SCUTICULA DIGITORUM MANIAS, Pha- 
langes of the fingers. 
SCUTULAS DIGITORUM MANUS, Pha- 
langes of the fingers. 
SCUTUM, Thyroid cartilage - s. Cordis, Sca- 
pula, Sternum - s. Genu, Patella - s. Pectoris, 
Thorax. 
Scutum Stomach'icum. A large plaster, ap- 
plied to the breast or stomach. 
Scutum Thoracis, Scapula. 
SCYB'ALA, plural of cKvfia\ov, 'dung.' Ente- 
rol'ithus Scyb'alum, Excremeuta Alvi siccio'ra, 
Faces indura'ta. Hard fecal mutters discharged 
in round lumps. 
SCYLLA, Scilla. 
SCYPHOPHORUS PYX I DAT US, Lichen 
pyxidatus. 
SCYPHUS AUDITORIUS, Infundibulum of 
the cochlea - s. Cerebri, Infundibulum of the 
brain-s. Vieussenii, Infundibulum of the cochlea. 
SCYROS, Callosity. 
SCYTALIDES DIGITORUM MANIAS, Pha- 
langes of the fingers. 
SCYTHICA, (RADIX,) Glyeyrrhiza. 
SCYTHROPASMUS, from ckv8pos, ' gloomy ;' 
'to look gloomy;' Vultus tet'ricus et 
moestus. A gloomy, depressed countenance, of 
bad augury in serious diseases. 
SCYTITIS, Cytitis. 
SCYTODEPSIUM, Tannin. 
SEA AIR. The air in the neighbourhood of 
the sea contains saline particles commingled with 
it, which render it a valuable change for scrofu- 
lous and debilitated individuals. The sea and SEA-SICKNESS 
sea-coast are usually, also, more equable in tbeir 
temperature than places inland. 
SEA SICKNESS, Nausea marina - s. Water, 
see Water, Sea. 
SEAL, GOLDEN, Hydrastis Canadensis - s. 
Solomon's, Convallaria polygonatum. 
SEAM, Cicatrix. 
SEARCHING, Sounding; from (F.) chercher, 
'to seek.' The operation of ascertaining, by the 
introduction of a metallic instrument, whether a 
patient has a stone in the bladder. 
SEASONING, Acclimation - s. Fever, Fever, 
stranger's. 
SEAT, Anus - s. Bone, Ischion. 
SEBACE, Sebaceous. 
SEBA'CEOUS, Seba'ceus, (F.) SebacI; from 
sebum, 'suet.' That which has the nature of suet. 
Sebaceous Flux, Stearrhoea. 
Sebaceous or Sebip'arous Glands, Sebaceous 
Fol'licles, Sebaceous Crypts, Follic'uli seba'cei, 
Cryptos seba'cece, Oil Glands, Mil'iary glands, are 
small hollow organs, of a rounded or pyriform 
shape, seated in the substance of the skin, and 
opening on its surface by a small, excretory duct; 
furnishing a yellow, unctuous humour, Smegma 
cuta'neum, Sebum cuta'neum, having some analogy 
with suet, which is destined to lubricate the sur- 
face of the body. Follicles of a similar nature 
exist around the corona glandis of the male, and 
under the skin of the labia majora and nymphae 
of females. They secrete a sebaceous matter, 
which emits a peculiar odour; and hence, after 
the name of one who described them, have been 
called Gland'via odorif'era Tyso'ni, G. Tyso'ni, 
Tyson's glands. 
SEBESTE'NA, Cordiamyxa seu sebeste'na seu 
Africa'na seu domes'tica seu obli'qua, Sebeste'na 
officina'lis, Sebes'ten, Sebsten, Myxa, Cornus Ban- 
gui n'ea, Prunwr sebesti'na, Smooth-leaved Cor'- 
dia, Assyr'ian plum, (F.) Sebestier myxa. The 
dark, black fruit of the Sebestina possesses gluti- 
nous and aperient qualities, and is exhibited, in 
decoction, in various diseases of the chest. 
SEBESTIER MYXA, Sebestena. 
SEBIPAROUS. see Sebaceous. 
SEBORRHAGIA, Stearrhoea. 
SEBORRIHEA, Stearrhoea. 
SEBSTEN, Sebestina. 
SEBUM, Pinguedo, Sevum-s. Cutaneum, see 
Sebaceous glands. 
SECA'LE, S. cerea'le seu barba'tum. The Rye 
plant. (F.) Seigle. Rye is chiefly used as an 
article of diet, particularly in the northern parts 
of Europe, where a spirit is also extracted from 
it. The grain is disposed to acescency: and 
hence its internal use at first generally produces 
a laxative effect. 
Secale Barbatum, Secale - s. Cornutum, Er- 
got- s. Luxurians, Ergot. 
SECALIS MATER, Ergot. 
SECERNENT, Secreting. 
SECERNING, Secreting-s. Substance, of the 
kidney, see Kidney. 
SECESSIO FJECUM, Defecation. 
SECESSUS NIGER, Melsena. 
SHCHE. Sepia. 
SECLUSORIUM, Sac. 
SEC'ONDARY, from secundus, ' the second.' 
Something that acts subordinately to another; 
ns the secondary symptoms of a disease; that is, 
those which supervene on the primary. 
SECONDINES, Secundines. 
SECRETA. Same etymon as Secretion. Things 
or matters secreted or separated from the blood. 
SECRE'TING, Secreto'rius, Secer'ning, Se'- 
cern'ent, Excer'nent. Same etymon as Secretion. 
That which secretes,-as a secreting organ. 
780 
SEDLITZ 
SECRETIO, Secretion-s. Lactis, Galactosis- 
s. Lotii, Uropoesis-s. Urinae, Uropoesis-s. Vi- 
caria, see Vicarious. 
SECRE'TION, Secre'tio, Apoc'risia; from se- 
cernere, 'to separate.' An organic function, which 
is chiefly executed in the glands, and consists in 
an elaboration or separation of the materials of 
the blood, at the very extremities of the arterial 
system, or rather of the vascular secretory sys- 
tem; and which differs in each organ according 
to its particular structure; henee the formation 
of different fluids;-bile, saliva, urine, milk, Ac. 
The secretions are of three kinds :-exhalant, fol- 
licular, and glandular. 
SECRETORIUS, Secreting. 
SECT, METHODICAL, Methodists. 
SEC'TIO, Section. The act of cutting. A di- 
vision. 
Sectio Alta, see Lithotomy - s. Anatomica, 
Dissection - s. Cadaveris, Autopsia cadaverica- 
s. Cadaveris legalis, Autopsia cadaverica-s. Cae- 
sarea, Caesarean section - s. Franconiana, see 
Lithotomy - s. Hypogastrica, see Lithotomy - s. 
Lateralis, see Lithotomy-s. Legalis', Obductio- 
s. Mariana, see Lithotomy-s. Nympharuin, 
Nymphotomy - s. Rectovesicalis, see Lithotomy 
- s. Renalis, Nephrotomy - s. Tendinum, Teno- 
tomy- s. Vagino-vesicalis, Colpocystotomia - s. 
Vesicalis, Lithotomy. 
SECTION, Sectio - s. Sigaultian, Symphyse- 
otomy. 
Secundines. 
SECUNDIN A?, Secundines. 
SEC'UNDINES, Hys'tera, Deuter'ion, After- 
birth, Secun'dce, Secundi' nee, (F.) Arriire-faix, 
Secondines, Delivre. All that remains in the 
uterus after the birth of the child,-viz., the pla- 
centa, a portion of the umbilical cord, and the 
membranes of the ovum. These are commonly 
not expelled till some time after the birth of the 
foetus; hence their name. See Dilivrance. 
SECUNDUS PROPRIORUM AURICULAE, 
Retrahens auris. 
SEDANTIA. Sedatives. 
SED'ATIVES, Sedati'va, Pauon'ta, Sedan'tia, 
Adec'ta, Cataetal'tica, Deprimen'tia, (F.) Cal- 
mants, Temptrants, from sedo, 'I settle or as- 
suage.' Medicines which directly depress the 
vital forces, and which are consequently employed 
whenever it is necessary to diminish preternatu- 
rally increased action. The chief reputed seda- 
tives are: Aeidum Hydrocyanicum, Acidum Hy- 
dro-sulphuricum, Tabacum, Missio Sanguinis, and 
certain gases by inhalation, as azote, carbonic 
acid. (?) carburettcd and sulphuretted hydrogen. 
SEDEM ATTOLLENS, Levator ani. 
SEDES, Anus, Excrement - s. Cruentae, Dy- 
sentery, Haematochezia-s. Lactescentes, Coeliac 
flux-s. Procidua, Proctocele. 
SEDIIEE, Bangue. 
SED'IMENT, Sedimen'tum, Lemma, Rodden'- 
tia. Same etymon. (F.) Dep6t. A deposit formed 
by the precipitation of some one or more of the 
substances held in solution or suspension by a 
liquid. That which is formed in urine, at the 
time of cooling, has been called Hypos'tasie, Dy- 
poste'ma, Reeiden'tia, Subsiden'tia, (F.) Dep6t de 
I'urine. This sediment or deposit varies in dif- 
ferent states of the system. In calculous affec- 
tions, it is one of the most important objects of 
attention. 
SEDIMENTUM, Sediment - s. Urinae lateri- 
cium, see Lateritious - s. Urinae pityroides, see 
Furfuraceous. 
SEDITIA, Nates. 
SEDLITZ, MINERAL WATERS OF, Seid- 
litz, Seidschiitz or Seydschutz water. Springs in 
Bohemia, near Prague, which are simple salines. SEDON 
They contain a large quantity of sulphate of 
magnesia, a little sulphate of soda and sulphate 
of lime, carbonic acid, carbonates of lime and 
magnesia, and a resinous matter.(?) They are 
employed as purgatives in a multitude of dis- 
eases. 
Sedlitz Powders may be formed of Soda tar- 
tarizata £Jij, Soda carbon. Qij, in one paper; 
Acid tartaric, gr. xxxv, in another. For half a 
pint of water. 
SEDON BRU L ANT, Sedurn-s. Reprise, 
Sedum telephium. 
SEDUM, Sedum acre seu glacia'le seu minus 
seu vermicula're, IUec"ebra, Hellec"ebra, Illec'- 
ebrum Vermicula're, Vermicula'ris, Piper mura'le, 
Sempervi'vum acre, TFreW pepper, Stone crop, 
Biting Stone crop, Small Houseleek, Aei'chryson, 
yEo'nion, (F.) Joubarbe Acre, Orpin brillant, Ver- 
miculaire brdlante, Sedan brUlant. Family, Cras- 
sulaceae. Sex. Syst. Decandria Pentagynia. In 
its recent state it is very acrid, and proves both 
emetic and cathartic. Externally, in the form of 
cataplasm, it produces vesications and erosions. 
It has been recommended in cancerous and ma- 
lignant ulcers. 
Sedum, Saxifraga granulata - s. Glaciale, Se- 
dum-s. Minus, Sedum-s. Majus, Sempervivum 
tectorum-s. Minus, Sedum. 
Sedum Tele'phium, N. telepho'ides, Faba crassa, 
Cras'sula, 0. Major, Illec"ebra major, Tele'phium, 
Faba'ria cras'sula, Faba crassa, Anacamp'seros, 
A. al'bicans seu triphyll'a seu vulga'ris, Orpine, 
(F.) Sedan reprise, Grand orpin, Feve Ipaisse, 
Joubarbe des vignes, &e. Formerly used as a 
cataplasm in cuts, hemorrhoids, corns, whitlows, 
&c. 
Sedum Telephoides, S. Telephium-s. Vermi- 
culare, Sedum. 
SEED, Sperm. 
SEGMENTA CARTILAGINEA, see Trachea. 
SEGNIT"IA, Segnit" ies, from segnis, ' slug- 
gish.' Sluggishness or torpor in the exercise of 
a function : - as Segnities Alvi, Torpor of the 
bowels: Segnities Virium, Languor. 
SEGNITIES, Segnitia. 
SEGRAY, MINERAL WATERS OF. Near 
Pithiviers, in Gatinais, in the French department 
of Loiret, there is a chalybeate spring, which has 
some reputation. 
SEGU, Sago. 
SEIDLITZ, Sedlitz. 
SEIDSCHUTZ, Sedlitz. 
SEIGLE, Seeale-s. Ergotee, Ergot. 
SEIN, Uterus, see Mamma. 
SEIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil. 
SEIZURES, HIDDEN, see Seizures. 
SEKISKAYAVODKA, see Spirit. 
SEL, Salt-s. Admirable de Llmery, Magnesia; 
sulphas-s. Admirable peril, Soda, phosphate of 
-s. de Cuisine, Soda, muriate of-s. de Dlrosne, 
Narcotine-s. d'Egra, Magnesias sulphas-s. Ma- 
rin, Soda, muriate of-s. d'Opium, Narcotine-«. 
de Saturne, Plumbi superacetas-s. de Verre, see 
Vitrum-s. Volatil d'Angleterre, Ammonias Car- 
bonas. 
SELAGO, Camphorosma Monspeliaca, Lyco- 
podium selago. 
SELENE, Moon, see Nail. 
SELENIASIS, Somnambulism. 
SELENIASMUS, Somnambulism. 
SELENOBLETUS, Lunatic. 
SELENOGAMIA, Somnambulism. 
SELERY, Apium graveolens. 
SELFABUSE, Masturbation. 
SELF-HEAL. Prunella. 
SELF-LIMTTED. An epithet applied to dis- 
eases which appear to run a definite course, but 
781 
SEMICEPHALUS 
little modified by treatment, - small-pox, for 
example- 
SELF-POLLUTION, Masturbation. 
SELI'BRA, Semili'bra, Sembella, half a pound. 
Six ounces, Troy; eight, Avoirdupois. 
SELINI'TES, Wine impregnated 
with the seeds of the adhivov or smallage. - Dios- 
corides. 
SELINUM ANGELICA, Angelica Sylvestris 
- s. Galbanum, Bubon galbanum - s. Impera- 
toria, Imperatoria-s. Opoponax, Pastinaca opo- 
ponax - s. Oreoselinum, Athamanta aureoseli- 
num - s. Ostruthium, Imperatoria - s. Pastinaca, 
Pastinaca sativa-s. Peucedanum, Peucedanum 
- s. Pubescens, Angelica sylvestris - s. Sylves- 
tre, Angelica sylvestris. 
SELLA, S, Turcica - s. Equina, S. Turcica-• 
s. Familiarica, Lasanum-s. Obstetricia, Diphrus 
-s. Sphenoidalis, S. Turcica. 
Sella Tur'cica, Ephip'pium, Fossa Pitui- 
ta'ria, Sella, S. equi'na seu sphenoida'lis, 
Turkish Saddle, (F.) Selle Turcique ou du 
Turc. A depression at the upper surface of 
the sphenoid bone, which is bounded, anteriorly 
and posteriorly, by the clinoid processes; and 
lodges the pituitary gland. It is so called from 
its resemblance to a Turkish saddle. 
Sella Turcica, Pituitaria fossa. 
SELLE TURCIQUE, Sella Turcica - s. du 
Turc, Sella Turcica. 
SELS NEUTRES, Neutral salts. 
SELTZ or SELTZER, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. Cold, acidulous springs, the source of which 
is at Seitz, nine leagues from Strasburg, and in 
the Department of the Bas-Rhin. They contain 
carbonates of lime, magnesia, and soda, chloride 
of sodium, and much carbonic acid. They are 
refrigerant, tonic, diuretic, and aperient. 
Artificial Seltzer Water may be made 
from muriat. acid. gr. xxxv, water Oj, white mar. 
ble gr. iij. Stop up till dissolved. Add carbonate 
of Magnesia, gr. v, and, after some time, subcar- 
bonate of soda, gr. xxxij. Close it till used. 
SEMBELLA, Selibra. 
SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM, Avicennia 
tomentosa. 
SEMEIOG'RAPHY, Semeiograph'ia, Semio- 
graphy, Semiogra'phia, from cnpuov, 'a symp- 
tom,' and ypa<tin, 'a description.' A description 
of symptoms or signs of disease. 
SEMEIOL'OGY, Semeiot'ice, Semiology, Se- 
miotics, Ph<enomenolog"ia, from rqpciov, ' a symp- 
tom,' and Aoyof, 'a discourse.' (F.) Simtiotique. 
The branch of pathology whose object is the doc- 
trine of the symptoms or signs of disease. 
SEMEION BOETHEMATICUM, Indication. 
SEMEIOSIS, Semeiology. 
SEMEIOTIQUE, Semeiology. 
SEMEN, Sperm - s. Badian, Illicium anisa- 
tum - s. Cinae, Artemisia santonica - s. Contra, 
Artemisia santonica - s. Contra vermes, Artemi- 
sia santonica-s. Masculinum seu virile seu geni- 
tale, Sperm-s. Muliebre, Sperm (of the female) 
-s. Sanctum, Artemisia santonica-s. Zedoarite, 
Artemisia santonica. 
SEMENCE, Sperm. 
SEMENTINA, Artemisia santonica. 
SEMI, from 'npiov, 'half.' Semi or demi, in 
composition, universally signifies 'half;' both in 
French and English. 
SEMIAN'IMIS, Semimor'tuus, Sem'inex, Se- 
mivi'vus; from semi, 'half,' and animus, 'soul.' 
Half-living. Half-dead. 
SEMI-BULB OF THE FEMALE, Bulbtu 
vestibuli. 
SEMICANALICULUS, Sulcus. 
SEMICANALIS, Sulcus. 
SEMICEPHALUS, Hemicephalus. SEMICIRCULI 
SEMICIRCULI OSSEI, Semicircular canals. 
SEMICIR'CULAR, Semicircula'ris. That 
which represents the half of a circle. 
Semicircular Canals, C'una'Zes seu Ductus 
semicircula'res seu tubceform'es seu circula'res, 
Semicir'culi os'sei, Funes seu CanaZtc'uZi semi- 
annula' res labyrin'thi, (F.) Canaux demicircu- 
laires, are seated in the pars petrosa of the tem- 
poral bone, and open into the vestibule, behind 
which they are situate. They are three in num- 
ber, of which one is superior or vertical, cana'lis 
semicircula'ris vertica'lis stipe'rior; another poste- 
rior or oblique, cana'lis semicircula'ris vertica'lis 
posterior, and the third exterior or horizontal, 
canalts semicircula'ris horizonta'lis. Their pa- 
rietes are formed of a bony, compact, hard plate. 
Their uses in audition are not known: at their 
termination they have the elliptical arrangements 
called amputlcB; and by both extremities they 
open into the vestibulfe, in the sac at its superior 
part-the Sac'cuius Ellip'ticus, Al'veils seu Utric'- 
ulus commu'nis, Utricle, Sinus or Alveus utriculo'- 
sus, Sacculus vestibidi or Median sinus. In front 
of the S. ellipticus, nearer the cochlea, and oppo- 
site the foramen ovale, is the Sac'culus spher'icus 
or sacculus. 
SEMICIRCULUS EXSCULPTUS, Hiatus 
diaphragmatis aorticus. 
SEMICON'GIUS. Half a gallon, or four pints. 
SEMICU'BIUM, Semicupium, Inses'sio, In- 
ces'sio, Encathis'ma, Excathis'ma, (F.) Demibain, 
from semi, ' half,' and cubare, ' to lie down.' A 
half-bath, or such as receives only the hips or 
extremities. 
SEMICUPIUM, Bath, half, Semi-cubium-Se- 
mi-fibulseus, Peronaeus brevis - Semi-interosseus 
indicis, Abductor indicia - Semi-interosseus pol- 
licis, Opponens pollicis. 
SEMILIBRA, Selibra. 
SEMILLA DEL GUACHARO. Various kinds 
of hard and dry fruits, found in the stomachs of 
the young Guacharoes, a sort of nocturnal bird. 
The fruits are a celebrated South American 
remedy in ague. 
BEMILU'NAR, Semiluna'ris, (F.) Demi-lu- 
naire ou Semi-lunaire, from semi, ' half,' and luna, 
'the moon.' Having the shape of a half-moon. 
Semilunar Cart'ilages, Semilunar fibro-car- 
tilages, Sigmoid car'tilages, Cartilag"ines sig- 
mo'idea seu semiluna'res, are two fibro-cartilages, 
which exist between the condyles of the os femo- 
ris and the articular surfaces of the tibia. The 
innermost, which is longer from before to behind 
than transversely, is nearly semicircular. The 
outermost forms almost an entire circle; an ar- 
rangement, in both cases, corresponding to the 
different surfaces of the tibia. They are thicker 
at their outer circumference, which is convex, 
than at the inner, which is concave and very 
thin. Both are inserted, before and behind, into 
the spine of the tibia, by means of fibrous fasciae. 
Semilunar Ganglion,-Ganglion abdomina'le 
seu splanch'nicum seu transver'sum seu sola're, 
G. surrenal, (Ch.), belongs to the great sympa- 
thetic. These ganglia present considerable va- 
riety, and are deeply situate in the abdomen, 
above and behind the supra-renal capsules. They 
correspond, posteriorly, to the pillars of the dia- 
phragm and the aorta. They have the shape of 
a crescent reversed, often surrounded by other 
ganglia of a smaller size. From their periphery 
the numerous filaments proceed, which go to the 
formation of the solar plexus. 
Semilunar Notch of the Sternum, Fourchette 
- s. Valves, Sigmoid valves - s. Masculatus, 
Eunuch. 
SEMILUNULA UNGUIUM, see Nail. 
SEMI-MAS, Eunuch. 
782 
SEMISPINALIS 
SEMIMASCULUS, Eunuch. 
SEMIMEMBRANE US, Semimembranosus. 
SEMIMEMBRANO 'SUS, Semimembra'neus, 
(F.) Inch io-popl iti - femora I, Ischio -popliti-tib ia I, 
(Ch.) Demimembraneux. A muscle situate at the 
posterior part of the thigh. It is fiat, thin, nar- 
row, and aponeurotic in its upper third ; broader 
and fleshy in the middle, and tendinous below. 
It is attached above to the tuberosity of the is- 
chium; and below-by a tendon, which has three 
divisions-to the outer condyle of the femur, and 
to the posterior and inner part of the internal 
tuberosity of the tibia. This muscle is a rotator 
inwards, and a flexor of the leg. It can also bend 
the thigh upon the leg. In standing it maintains 
the pelvis in position, and can even draw it down- 
wards. 
SEMIMORTUUS, Semianimis. 
SEMINA CATAPUTIJE MAJORIS, see Rici- 
nus communis. 
Se'mina Frig'ida Majo'ra. The greater cold 
seeds. The ancients gave this name to the emul- 
sive seeds of the cucumber, melon, gourd, and 
water-melon. 
Semina Frigida Minora. The lesser cold seeds. 
The ancients gave this name to the seeds of the 
lettuce, purslane, endive, and cichory. 
Semina Ricini Vulgaris, see Ricinus commu- 
nis. 
SEMINAL, Spermatic-s. Filaments, Sperma- 
tozoa-s. Fluid, Sperm-s. Granules, see Granule. 
SEMINALE MEMBRUM, Penis. 
SEMINALIS, Spermatic. 
SEMINERVOSUS, Semi-tendinosus. 
SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis oris. 
SEMIPESTIS, Typhus. 
SEMINEX, Semianimis. 
SEMINIA MORBORUM, Predisposition. 
SEMINIF'EROUS, from, semen, 'sperm,'and 
fero, ' I carry.' Spermatoph'orous. An epithet 
given to the vessels which secrete and convey the 
seminal fluid. 
SEMINIUM, Sperm. 
SEMIOGRAPHY, Semeiography. 
SEMIOLOGY, Semeiology. 
SEMIOTICE, Semeiotice-s. Faciei, Physi- 
ognomy. 
SEMIPLEGIA, Hemiplegia. 
SEMISEXTUM, Hemiecton. 
SEMISICIL'ICUS. A weight of one drachm 
or three scruples. - Rhodius. 
,SEMISIDERATIO, Hemiplegia. 
SEMISIDERATUS, see Hemiplegia. 
SEMISOMNIS, Coma. 
SEMISOPITUS, Coma. 
SEMISOPORUS, Coma. 
SEMISPEC'ULUM. An instrument used for 
dilating the incision made into the neck of the 
bladder in the operation of lithotomy.-Fabricius 
Hildanus. 
SEMISPINA'LIS COLLI, Semispiua'tus colli, 
Artic'ulo-spina'lis, Transrer'so-spinalis Colli, Spi- 
nalis cervi'cis, Spinalis Colli, Transversa'lis Colli, 
Transversospinal, (F.) Demi-epineux ou trans- 
versaire-fpineux du cou. This muscle arises from 
the transverse processes of the six uppermost 
dorsal vertebrae, by an equal number of distinct 
tendons, which run obliquely under the com- 
plexus, and is inserted in the spinous processes 
of all the cervical vertebrae, except the first and 
last. Its action is, to extend the neck obliquely 
backwards and to one side. 
Semispinalis Dorsi, Semi-spinalis externus, 
Transver'so-spinalis dorsi, Semi-spina'tus, (Rio- 
lan), Transversospinal, (F.) Demi-fpineux du 
dos, Transversaire-epineux du dos. This muscle 
arises from the transverse processes of the se- 
venth, eighth, ninth, and tenth dorsal vertebrae, SEMISPINATUS 
by as many distinct tendons, which soon grow 
fleshy: and then again become tendinous, and 
are inserted into the spinous processes of the 
sixth or seventh uppermost dorsal, and two low- 
est cervical vertebrae, by as many tendons. Its 
action is, to extend the spine obliquely back- 
wards. 
Semispinalis Externus, Semi-spinalis dorsi- 
s. Internus, Transversalis dorsi - s. Spinatus, 
Longissimus dorsi, Semi-spinalis dorsi. 
SS5MISPINATUS COLLI, Semispinalis colli. 
SEMIS'SIS, Semis. The half of a pound, 
ounce, drachm, <tc. 
SEMITENDINO'SUS, Semi-nervo'sus, (F.)Z«- 
chio-criti-tibial, Ischio-pretibial, (Ch.) Demiten- 
dineux. This muscle is situate at the posterior 
part of the thigh. It extends obliquely, down- 
wards and inwards, from the tuberosity of the 
ischium-to whiclfit is attached by a flat tendon, 
common to it and the biceps-as far as the pos- 
terior and inner part of the tibia, to which it is 
attached by means of another round tendon. 
Its fibres are commonly interrupted by an apo- 
neurosis. Its uses are the same as those of the 
semimembranosus. 
SEMITERTIANA, Hemitritaea- s. Tierce, 
Hemitritaea. 
SEMIUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
SEMIVIR, Eunuch. 
SEMIVIVUS, Semianimis. 
SEM'OLA, BULLOCK'S, a farinaceous ar- 
ticle of diet, which is recommended as highly 
nutritious and easily digestible, consequently well 
adapted for infants and invalids, is said to consist 
of the gluten of wheat, with a small proportion 
of starch. Semola and Semolina resemble each 
other greatly. They appear, indeed, to be iden- 
tical. 
SEMOLI'NA, J/anna croup. This inay be 
made by grinding wheat in an apparatus, sepa- 
rating the flour from the middlings, dressing the 
latter four different times in a bolting mill, and 
sifting through parchment sieves, until the pro- 
duct is perfectly freed from bran. In Poland it 
is called Cracow groats. 
Serfiolina is generally imported into England 
from the Baltic, and in Russia is said to be ma- 
nufactured from buckwheat. It has a granular 
form like some kinds of oatmeal, a dingy white 
colour, a farinaceous, somewhat insipid, taste, 
and is well adapted for the diet of children affect- 
ed with derangement of the bowels. A recent 
analysis makes it consist of the gluten of wheat 
with a certain proportion of the starch, part of 
the latter having been removed. 
SEMPERVIVUM ACRE, Sedum. 
Sempervivum Tecto'rum, N. majus, House- 
Leek, Sedum Majus seu 7'ecto'rwn?, A'izoon, Beia- 
halalcn, BupKthalmus, Barba Jovis, Sengreen, 
Agriosin'ara, Andrachahara, Chrysosper'mum, 
(F.) Joubarbe des toits. The leaves have a mild, 
subacid austerity, and are often applied to bruises 
and old ulcers. 
SEMUNCIA, Hemiuncion. 
SENA. Cassia senna. 
SENE, Cassia senna - s. d'Amfrique, Cassia 
Marilandica-s. Faux, Colutea arborescens. 
SENEBIERA CORONOPUS, Cochlearia co- 
ronopus. 
SENE'CIO, N. vulga'ris, Erig"erum, Cortalon, 
Erigeron, Groundsel, Fireweed, (F.) Seneqon com- 
tnun. Family, Corymbiferaj. Sex. Syst. Synge- 
nesia Polygamia Superflua. A common plant in 
Europe; frequently applied, bruised, to inflam- 
mations and ulcers, as refrigerant and anti-scor- 
butic. 
Senecio Hieracifolius, Erechthites hieraci- 
folius. 
783 
SENSE 
Senecio Jacob.e'a, Jacoba'a, St. James' Wort, 
Ragwort, (F.) Jacobee. The leaves have a rough- 
ish, bitter, subacid, and extremely nauseous taste. 
A decoction has been used in dysentery. A poul- 
tice of the leaves has been recommended in rheu- 
matic affections; und a decoction of tLe root 
has often been employed in cases of wounds and 
bruises. 
SENEQON COMMUN, Senecio. 
SENECTA, Senectus. 
Senec'ta An'glium. The cast skin of a ser- 
pent. A decoction of it is said to cure deafness! 
Senecta Decrepita, Decrepitude - s. Extre- 
ma, Decrepitude - s. Summa, Decrepitude - s. 
Ultima, Decrepitude. 
SENEC'TUS, Senec'ta, from senere, 'to be old.' 
Geras, Se'nium, xEtas seni'lis sen provec'ta sen 
mala, Old age, Senil'ity, (F.) P?eHes«e. The last 
period of life, commencing, according to some, 
at 60 years of age, but varying according to nu- 
merous circumstances. It is characterized by 
progressive diminution of the physical and moral 
faculties. 
Senectus Ultima, Decrepitude. 
SENEGA, Polygala senega. 
SEN'EGAL, GUM, Giinimi Senegalen'se seu 
Sen'eca seu Sen'ega seu Sen'iea. The exudation 
from the Aca'cia seu Minio'sa. Senegal-Family, 
Leguminosae, Sex. Syst. Polygamia Moneecia- 
which grows in the country of Africa through 
which the river Senegal runs. It is in loose or 
single drops, much larger than gum Arabic, or 
the gum which exudes from the cherry tree ; and 
is much more difficult of solution than the former. 
SENEGINE, see Polygala senega. 
SENEKA, Polygala senega. 
SENE VE, Sinapis. 
SENGREEN, Sempervivum tectorum. 
SENILE, Seni'lis, from senere, ' to be old.' 
Relating or belonging to old age :-as 'senile de- 
lirium dotage. 
SENILITY, Senectus. 
SENNA, Cassia senna-s. Alexandrina, Cassia 
senna-s. American, Cassia Marilandica-s. Blad- 
der, Colutea arborescens-s. Essence of, prepared, 
Seiway's, see Infusum sennse compositum - s. 
Germanies, Colutea-s. Italica, Cassia senna-s. 
Prairie, Cassia chamaecrista-s. Wild, Cassia cha- 
mmcrista, Cassia Marilandica. 
SENS, Sense. 
SENSA'TION, Sensa'tio, from sen tire, sensum, 
'to feel;' xEsthe'ma. The consciousness or cog 
nizance by the brain of an impression caused by 
an external body on the organs of the senses. (F.) 
Sentiment. It is not necessarily, however, confined 
to bodies external to us ; for we can receive an im- 
pression by touching any part of ourownbody. The 
body which communicates the impressions needs 
but to be external to the part impressed. Sensa- 
tions are divided into external, internal and mor- 
bid. The external are communicated by the five 
organs of the senses. The internal are such as 
occur within the body, and arise from some alter- 
ation in the function of the part, for the time 
being. Hunger and thirst are internal sensa- 
tions, as well as all the natural wants. Morbid 
sensations may be either internal or external. 
Objective sensations are produced by impressions 
on the peripheral nerves ; as in vision, audition, 
Ac. Subjective sensations, such as originate cen- 
trically, or in the encephalon, - as tinnitus 
auriuin. 
SENSATIONAL, Sentient. 
SENSE, Sensus, Sen'sio, xEsthe'sis, (F.) Sens. 
Same etymon as Sensation. A faculty, possessed 
by animals, of appreciating impressions from ex- 
ternal objects. The senses are five in number: 
sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. Of these, SENSIBILITAS 
the first two and the last administer more to the 
intellect; and, hence, have been called by some, 
the intellectual senses: the other two seem more 
destined for the nutrition of the body: and, 
hence, have been termed corporeal or nutritive 
senses. Other senses have been suggested - as 
the intense sensation experienced during the ve- 
nereal act; a sense of heat and cold ; a muscular 
sense, a common sense or coensesthesis, Ac. 
Senses, Nervous System of the, Medulla 
oblongata. 
SENSIBILITAS, Sensibility-s. Anomala, see 
Irritable - s. Aucta, see Irritable-s. Morbosa, 
see Irritable. 
SENSIBIL'ITY, Sensibil'itas. Same etymon 
as Sensation ; The faculty of receiv- 
ing impressions, and having the consciousness of 
them. Bichat defines it as the property possessed 
by living bodies, of receiving impressions, whe- 
ther the individual be conscious of them or not. 
In the former case, where conscious, he calls the 
sensibility animal: in the latter, where not, he 
terms it organic. This last is common to vege- 
tables and animals, and presides over nutrition, 
absorption, exhalation, secretion, Ac. The other 
does not exist in vegetables: it is the origin of 
the sensations-olfaction, vision, gustation, audi- 
tion,. thirst, hunger, pain, Ac. There are few 
parts of the animal body, but what are sensible 
- if not in health - in disease. The free extre- 
mities of the hair and nails, and the epidermis, 
are not so. See Insensibility. 
SENSIFEROUS, Sentient. 
SENSIO, Sense. 
SENSITORIUM, Sensorium. 
SENSORI-VOLIT"IONAL. A term applied 
to nervous fibres which pass to and from the ce- 
rebro-spinal axis, and are respectively concerned 
in sensation and volition. 
SENSO'RIAL, Sentient. 
Sensorial Power, according to Dr. Wilson 
Philip, is composed of the two functions of sen- 
sation and volition. Dr. Darwin included in it 
the power of muscular contraction ; but it ought 
not to be extended to acts in which there is not 
consciousness. 
SENSO'RIUM, Senso'rium commu'ne, Or'ganon 
senso'rium internum, Sensito'rium, Empo'rium spi- 
rituum, ./Esthete' rion, Sen'sory. The common 
centre of sensations. 
SENSORY, Sensorium, Sentient. 
Sensory Gang'lia. A name given by Dr. 
Carpenter to a series of ganglionic masses at the 
base of the brain, which are in direct communi- 
cation with the nerves of sensation-as the olfac- 
tory, optic, auditory and gustatory. 
Sensory Nerves, Nerves of sensation, are so 
called in contradistinction to Motor nerves. There 
are general sensory nerves - as those connected 
with the posterior part of the spinal marrow, and 
the fifth pair; and special sensory, as those of the 
senses. 
SENSUS Indisposition-s. 
Osmometricus, Olfaction-s. Perversus, Pseudaes- 
thesia. 
SEN'TIENT, Sen'tiens, Sen'sory, ldeiig"enous, 
Senso'rial, Sensa'tional, Sensif'erous. Feeling, 
causing feeling. 
Sentient Extremities of Nerves are their 
minute terminations in the organs. 
SENTIMENT, see Sensation. 
SEPARATO'RIUM, from separo, 'I separate.' 
A surgical instrument, for separating the pericra- 
nium from the skull. 
A Sep'aratory, Vitrum Hypoclep'ticum, is a 
pharmaceutical vessel for separating fluids of dif- 
ferent densities from each other. 
SEPEDOGE.NESIS, Sepedonogenesis. 
784 
SEPTUM 
SEPEDONOGEN'ESIS, Sepedogen'esia, from 
vn-nthutv, ' putrescency,* and yivtais, 'generation.' 
A septic disposition or tendency; such as is met 
with in typhus gravior. 
SEPES, Sa'pes, 'A hedge,' 'a row:' as Sepe» 
seu Se'ries seu Pecten den'tium :-a row of teeth. 
Sepes Pentium, See Sepes. 
SEPHIRUS, Scleriasis. 
SE'PIA, S. ojfficina'lis, Se'pium, Cuttle-Fish, 
(F.) Seche. The osseous part of the cuttle-fish- 
Prateip'itans mag'niun-has been used as an ab- 
sorbent, and is often added to tooth-powders. 
SEPLASIA'RIUS. A name formerly given to 
one who sold perfumes, ointments, <fcc. It is 
derived from Seplasia, the name of a public place 
at Capua, where such preparations were fre- 
quently sold. A druggist. 
SEPSIC1IYMIA, Septochymia. 
SEPSIS, Putrefaction. * 
SEPTaE'MIA; from 'rotten,' and 'atpa, 
'blood.' A morbid condition of the blood pro- 
duced by septic or putrid matters. 
SEPTANA FEBRIS, Fever septan. 
SEP'TENARY, Septena'rius, (F.) Septenaire, 
from septem, ' seven.' ' Consisting of seven.* 
The septenary years of the old believers in cri- 
tical periods were times at which, it was sup- 
posed, important changes might be expected to 
take place. The grand climacteric was fixed at 
63, and it was considered that if a person passed 
that age, he had well-founded expectations that 
his life might be protracted to 90. 
SEPTENNIAD, Climacteric, (years.) 
SEPTFOIL, UPRIGHT, Tormentilia. 
SEPTIC, Sep'ticus, Septus, from ai/jrciv, ' to 
rot,' <rr)itros, 'rotten.' That which produces pu- 
trefaction. A substance which corrodes and dis- 
organizes the soft parts without causing much 
pain. 
Septic Poison, see Poison. 
SEPTICAEMIA, Septaemia. 
SEPTIMESTRIS F(ETUS, see Foetus septi- 
mestris. 
SEPTINERVIA, Plantago. 
SEPTOCHYM'IA, Sepsiehym'ia ; from 
'putrefaction,' and Xvpos, 'juice.' Putrefaction 
or putrescency of the humours. 
SEPTOPYRA, Typhus gravior. 
SEPT'ULUM; diminutive of septum, 'a parti- 
tion.' A division between small spaces or cavi- 
ties- as the septula or fibrous cords given off by 
the mediastinum testis to be inserted into the in- 
ner surface of the tunica albuginea. 
SEPTUM, (F.) Cloison. A part intended to 
separate two cavities from each other, or to di- 
vide a principal cavity into several secondary 
cavities. 
These septa are numerous in the human body. 
The chief are the following: - 
Septum Cerebelli, Falx cerebelli-s. Cerebri, 
Falx cerebri-s. Cochleae auditoriae, Lamina spi- 
ralis. 
Septum Cordis, Septum me'dium cordis. The 
partition which separates the two ventricles of 
the heart. 
Septum Encephali, Tentorium. 
Septum Lu'cidum seu pelluci'dum seu ten'ue et 
pellucidum seu medium seu Spec'ulum lucidum 
seu Lapis specula'ris seu Jlediasti'num seu Dia- 
phragma ventriculo'rum latera'lium cer'ebri, Spe- 
culum, (F.) Septum median, (Ch.) Cloison trans- 
parente. The soft portion or medullary sub- 
stance, which separates the two lateral ventricles 
of the brain from each other. This septum is 
composed of two laminae; between which a small 
cavity exists, filled by a serous fluid, and called 
the Fossa of Syl'vins, 5th ventricle of Cuvier, Sinus 
of the median septum, (Ch.) The brothers V en- septum 
«el are of opinion that this cavity is lined by a 
peculiar membrane. 
SEPTUM MEDIAN, S. lucidum-s. Median 
du cervelet, Falx cerebelli-s. Medium cerebri, S. 
lucidum. 
Septum Na'rium, Interseptum. seu Dissepimen'- 
tum seu Interfi'nium seu Discri'men seu Imbrex 
seu Diaphrag'ma na'rium, (F.) Gloison des Fosses 
nasales. The partition between the nares. It is 
formed by the vomer, the perpendicular plate of 
the ethmoid bone, and a cartilage of a triangular 
shape. These parts are lined by the pituitary 
membrane, which receives a considerable number 
of nerves and vessels. 
Septum Nasi, see Nares. 
Septum Parvum Occipitale, Falx cerebelli- 
8. Pectiniforme, see Cavernous bodies - s. Pellu- 
cidum, S. Lucidum-s. Scalae, Lamina spiralis- 
s. Staphylin, Velum pendulum palati - s. Tenue 
et pellucidum, S. lucidum - s. Thoracis, Medias- 
tinum- s. Transverse, Tentorium - s. Transver- 
sura, Diaphragm-s. Vestibuli nervoso-membra- 
naceum, see Labyrinth. 
SEPTUS, Septicus. 
SEPUM, Sevum. 
SEQUES'TRUM, from sequestra, 'I separate.' 
The portion of bone, in necrosis, which is dead, 
and separated from the living bone; acting, whilst 
retained, as an extraneous body. When the se- 
questrum is superficial and small, it is called 
Exfolia'tion. 
SERAPEUM, Syrup. 
SERAPINON, Sagapenum. 
SERAPIUM, Syrup. 
SERBET, Scherbet. 
SER'ICUM, Silk; from Seres-the Thibetans 
probably - from whom it was first obtained. 
(F.) Soie. The thread spun by the Ilombyx 
Mori or Silkworm. Silk is used by surgeons for 
ligatures, &c. 
Sericum Anglicum, see Sparadrapum adhaesi- 
vum. 
SERIES PENTIUM, see Sepes. 
SERIEUX, Serious. 
SER INGUE, Syringe. 
SERIOLA, Cichorium intybus. 
SE'RIOUS, (F.) Strieux, Grave. A term ap- 
plied to a disease, Dyspathi'a, Morbus gravis, and 
to a symptom that is attended with danger. 
SERIS, Cichorium intybus. 
SERMOUNTAIN, Laserpitium album. 
SERO-COLITIS, see Colitis. 
SERO-CYSTIC, Sero-cyst'icus. An epithet to 
tumours of the female breast, which consist, in 
the first stage, of one or more membranous cysts, 
produced perhaps by dilatation of portions of the 
lactiferous tubes. 
SERO-IIEPATITIS, see Hepatitis. 
SER'OLIN, from serum, ' whey.' A fatty mat- 
ter detected in the blood by Boudet, Lecanu, 
Sanson, and others. 
SEROSITE, Serum. 
SEROSITY, Serum. 
SEROUS, Sero'sus, (F.) Slrenx. Thin ; watery. 
Relating to the most watery portion of animal 
fluids, or to membranes that secrete them. See 
Serum. 
Serous Layer, see Tacbe embryonnaire. 
Serous Membranes, Membranes, serous. 
SERPEDO, Psoriasis. 
SERPENT, Serpens, Anguis, Ophis; from 
serpo, ' I creep.' A snake. 
Snake Broth was, at one time, recommended 
os a restorative. 
Many serpents are venomous : and the bites of 
some fatal. See Poisons, Table of. 
SERPENTAIRE NOIRE, Aetrea raeemosa. 
SERPENTARIA, Aristolochia serpentaria - 
785 
SERUM 
s. Gallorum, Arum dracunculus - s. Ilispanica, 
Scorzonera-s. Minor, Arum maculatum- s. Ni- 
gra, Actaja racemosa. 
SERPENTARIzE BRAZILIENSIS RADIX, 
Caincae radix. 
SERPENTIN, see Alembic. 
SERPENTINE, Ophites. 
SERPENTINES, Ophites. 
SERPES, Herpes. 
SERPIG"INOUS, from serpere, 'to creep.' 
An epithet given to certain afl'ections, which 
creep, as it were, from one part to another,- 
'Serpiginous erysipelas,' (F.) Erysiplle serpigi- 
neux. 
SERPIGO, Herpes circinatus, Lichen pso- 
riasis. 
SERPILLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
SEHPOLET, Thymus serpyllum. 
SERPULLUM, Thymus serpyllum. 
SERPYLLUM, Thymus serpyllum - s. Citra- 
tum, see Thymus serpyllum. 
SERRA, Saw - s. Amputatoria, Saw, amputa- 
tion - s. Versatilis, Trepan. 
SERRAT'ULA AMA'RA, Family, Cynaroce- 
phalea). Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia tequa- 
lis. A species of Saicicort, recommended in 
ague. 
Serratula Behen, Centaurea behen. 
SERRATUS ANTICUS MINOR, Pectoralis 
minor - s. Major, Serratus inagnus. 
Serra'tus Magnus. So called from its ser- 
rated appearance; from serra, ' a saw.' Serratus 
major anti'cus, Serratus major, (F.) Costobasi- 
scapulaire, Costo-scapulaire, (Ch..) Grand dentele. 
A very broad (especially anteriorly,) thin, flat, 
irregularly quadrilateral muscle, situate at the 
sides of the thorax. It is attached, before, to 
the external surface of the first 8 or 9 ribs, by as 
many distinct digitations; and, behind, to the 
spinal edge of the scapula. The superior fibres 
are almost horizontal; the lower become gradu- 
ally more and more oblique upwards and back- 
wards. This muscle carries the scapula forwards, 
and causes it to execute a movement of rotation, 
which directs its inferior angle forwards, and the 
anterior upwards. When the shoulder is fixed, 
it raises the ribs. 
Serratus Posti'cus Inferior, (F.) Dorso- 
lombo-costal, Lombo-costal, (Ch.,) Petit dentele 
posterieur et inferieur. A broader and thinner 
muscle than the following, but nearly of the 
same shape. It is situate obliquely at the lower 
part of the back; and extends from the spinous 
processes of the last two or three dorsal verte- 
brae, and the first two or three lumbar, to the 
inferior margin of the last four false ribs. This 
muscle depresses the ribs, and thus concurs in 
expiration. It is an antagonist to the next. 
Serratus Posti'cus Supe'rior, (F.) Cervici- 
dorso-costal, Dorso-costal, (Ch.) Petit dentelt su- 
plrieur. A flat, thin, quadrilateral muscle; 
situate obliquely at the posterior inferior part of 
the neck, and the superior part of the back. It 
passes from the posterior cervical ligament, the 
spinous process of the last cervical vertebra ; 
from the spinous processes of the first two or 
three dorsal, to the second, third, fourth, and 
fifth ribs ; into which it is inserted by as many 
digitations. It raises the ribs, and is, conse- 
quently, an inspiratory muscle. 
SERTULA CAMPANA, Trifolium melilotus. 
SERUM, Sperm. 
Serum, 'whey.' Orrhos, Oros, Seros'ity, (F.) 
Strositi. The most watery portion of animal 
fluids, exhaled by serous membranes. It is a 
constituent part of blood, milk, <tc. 
Serum of the Blood, Ila'niydor, Orrhos, 
Ichor san'guinis, (F.) Serum du Sang, is the st rum 
liquid which separates from the blood, when 
coagulated at rest. It is of a greenish-yellow 
colour; viscid, slightly coagulable by heat, acids, 
and alcohol. It is composed of water; chloride 
of sodium; certain phosphates ; and albumen, 
constantly united to soda, almost in a sapona- 
ceous combination. 
The fluid which exudes from the albumen of 
the serum of the blood, when coagulated by heat, 
is by some called serosity. 
SERUM DU HANG, S. of the blood. 
Serum Lactis, Aqua lactin; Serum of 
Milk, Whey, (F.) Strum du lait, Petit lait. 
That part of milk, from which the butter and 
caseous matter have been separated. It is a 
transparent, citrine-coloured liquid, containing 
sugar of milk, mucilage, acetic acid, phosphate 
of lime, and some other saline substances. It 
is used as a slightly nutritious diluent and refri- 
gerant. 
Serum Lactis Hoffman'ni, (F.) Petit-lait 
d'Hoffmann, is a name given to the liquid re- 
sulting from treating with boiling water milk 
which has been evaporated to an almost solid 
consistence. It is not much used. 
Rennet Whey is made thus: milk 2 pints; 
rennet §ss, infused in a little hot water; mix and 
keep in a gentle heat for some hours, then strain. 
-Gray. 
Serum of Serous Membranes, Serum mem- 
branarum serosa'rum, Water of Dropsy, (F.) 
Serum des membranes sereuses, Eau des hydro- 
piques. It resembles the serum of the blood,- 
especially in cases of hydrocele. The water of 
hydrothorax and ascites contains much less al- 
bumen :-sometimes enough to coagulate on the 
application of heat: at others, not. 
SERVICE, MOUNTAIN, Sorbus acuparia - 
s. Tree, Sorbus domestica. 
SER VIETTE EN CARRE, Couvreehef. 
SES'AMOID, Sesamoi'des, Sesamo'des, Sesa- 
mo'ideus, from anaapr/, ' a grain of sesamum,' and 
ciios, ' resemblance.' 
Sesamoid Bones, Ossa seu Ossic'ula sesamo'i- 
dea, are small bones, situate in the substance of 
tendons, near certain joints. Their number is 
various. They are commonly more in the male 
than female. Two are' constantly met with be- 
neath the metatarso-phalangal articulations of 
the great toe. Sometimes, the articulations of 
other bones of the metartarsus with the pha- 
langes of the toes have them likewise. In the 
hand, there are two before the metacarpo-pha- 
langal joint of the thumb. At times, they are 
met with in the other metacarpo-phalangal arti- 
culations. Occasionally, two exist behind the 
condyles of the femur, in the tendons of the 
gastrocnemii muscles. A considerable os sesa- 
moideum is also met with in the tendon of the 
peronseus longus. These bones are commonly 
round, and flattened only on one surface, which 
is incrusted with cartilage, Their size is very 
variable, according to the joints in which they 
exist. Traces of sesamoid bones are not ob- 
served in infants : in them, they are replaced by 
small, cartilaginous concretions. They are de- 
veloped by a single point of ossification : and 
are, like the patella (which is a true sesamoid 
bone,) composed of much cellular substance, 
covered by a thin layer of compact tissue. The 
use of these bones is, - to allow the tendon to be 
inserted into the lever at a greater angle; and 
thus enable the power to act more advanta- 
geously. 
Riolan has given the name Ossa sesamo'idea to 
two b' ny points sometimes met with :-the one 
at the outer side of the carotid canal of the tern- 
786 
SEVUM 
poral bone; and the other at the edge of the 
cavernous sinus, at the side of the internal caro- 
tid artery. 
SESAMUM, see Sesamum orientale. 
Ses'amum Orienta'lE, S', edu'le seu oleif'erum, 
Benni, Oily Grain. The seeds of this African 
plant are cultivated in Georgia and South Caro- 
lina, where the negroes use them with Indian corn 
as an article of food. They yield a larger propor- 
tion of oil than any other vegetable ; one hundred 
weight producing ninety pounds of oil, which is, 
at least, equal to Florence oil. 
Benne oil, Oleum Ses'ami, is used in the South- 
ern States as a laxative. The leaves - Sesa- 
mum (Ph. U. S.) - afford, by infusion, an excel- 
lent mucilage. 
SESCUN'CIA, Sesquiun'cia, Hemiol'ion. An 
ounce and a half. See Sesqui. 
SESELI, Laserpitium siler- s. JEgopodium, 
Ligusticum podagraria - s. Annuum, S. tortuo- 
sum - s. Carum, Carum - s. Carvi, Carum - s. 
Creticum, Tordylum officinale - s. Foeniculifo- 
lium, Sison ammi-s. Graveolens, Apium grave- 
olens - s. Meum, jEthusa meum- s. Patens, S. 
tortuosum - s. Pratense, Peucedanum silaus - «. 
dee Pres, Peucedanum silaus. 
Ses'eli Tortuo'sum, Seeeli Massilien'se seu 
an'nuum seu patens, (Enan'the etria'ta rig"ida, 
Hartwort of Marseilles. The seeds have a warm 
taste; and a greater degree of pungency than 
those of Laserpitium siler, which is the Seeeli of 
the Pharmacopoeias. 
SESQUI. This word, joined with any num- 
ber, weight, measure, <fcc., signifies one and a 
half; as eesquigranum, ' a grain and half.' 
SESQUIUNCIA, Sescuncia. 
SETA EQUI'NA, 'a horse's hair.' Hairworm, 
Helmin'thus Gor'dii. A kind of worm, found in 
stagnant water, from 4 to 6 inches long, and 
twisted into various knots and contortions; co- 
lour pale-brown, with dark extremities. It is 
common in the intestines of the Laplanders; 
causing the Col'ica Lappon'ica, in which the gri- 
pings are, at times, exceedingly severe. 
SETA'CEUM, Seto, Seton, from seta, 'a bristle.' 
A long strip of fine linen or cotton twist, passed 
through the skin and areolar membrane, to keep 
up an issue; or through suppurating cavities, 
between the fragments of fractured hones, &e., 
to fulfil certain indications. The term is, also, 
applied to the issue so established. The opera- 
tion is simple. It consists in laying hold of a 
fold of skin, and passing a seton-needle through 
it, with the thread attached. Every day a fresh 
portion of the thread is drawn through the sore. 
Setons are established in many diseases; - in 
obstinate ophthalmia?, cephalalgia;; epilepsy, 
thoracic and abdominal affections, &c.; but they 
are not as much used as formerly. 
SETARIA ROCCELLA, Lichen roccella. 
SETFAST, see Furunculus. 
SETO", Setaceum. 
SETON, Setaceum. 
SETTERWORT, Helleborus foetidus. 
SEVADILLA, Veratrum sabadilla. 
SEVATIO, Steatoma. 
SEVE, Sap. 
SEVRAGE, Weaning. 
SEVUM, Pinguedo. 
Sevum, Sebum, Sepum, Stear, Adeps ovil'li, 
Serum verveci'num. Suet, mutton suet; Pin- 
guedo. 
Sevum Serum (Ph. U. S.),- 
Ovil'li Sevum Prapara'tum, Prepared Suet, 
(F.) Graisse de Mouton, Suif, is formed by 
cutting suet in pieces; melting over a slow fire, 
and straining through linen. It is emollient, SEX 
- 
and is sometimes boiled in milk (gij to Oj), 
and is used in diarrhoea and dysentery, its 
principal employment is in the formation of 
plasters. 
Sevum Vervecinum, Sevum. 
SEX, Sexus, Genoa, Phyaia. The physical dif- 
ference between male and female in animals and 
vegetables ; - as the Male sex, Sexus po'tior seu 
for'tior seu viri'lis; and the Female sex, 
Sexus seq'uior, S. mulie'bria, Alter Sexus, ' The 
Sex.' 
SEXTANS, Sexta pars libra. The sixth part 
of a pound.- Galen. 
SEXTA'RIUS. An ancient measure for li- 
quid and solid substances. See Weights and 
Measures. 
SEX'TULA, Hexagium, lifayiov. The sixth 
part of an ounce. 
SEX'UAL, Sexua'lia, from sexus, 'sex. ' That 
which relates to the sex; which characterizes the 
sex. 
Sexual Diseases, Morbi aexua'lea, are the dis- 
eases of the genital organs; as Sexual Func- 
tions are the genital functions. 
Sexual Intercourse, Coition - s. Organs, 
Genital organs. 
SEXUS, Sex - s. Alter, see Sex - s. Fortior, 
see Sex - s. Muliebris, see Sex - s. Potior, see 
Sex - s. Sequior. see Sex-s. Virilis, see Sex. 
SEYDSCHUTZ WATER, Sedlitz water. 
SHALLOT, Echalotte. 
SHAMPOO'ING, Massing, (F.) Massage, 
Massement. A Hindoo process, which consists 
in pressing the body of the bather in a peculiar 
manner; cracking the various joints, and em- 
ploying blows and friction. 
'Kneading' consists in pressing alternately 
upon a part of the body to arouse the muscles to 
more energetic action. It is employed at times 
in dyspepsia. 
SHAMROCK, INDIAN, Trillium latifolium- 
s. Water, Menyanthes verna. 
SHANKER, Chancre. 
SHARON SPRINGS, NEW YORK. These 
springs, which are situate about 10 or 12 miles 
south of Canajoharie, N. Y., and 45 miles west 
of Albany, are much frequented. They contain, 
according to the analysis of Dr. Chilton, sulphate 
of magnesia, sulphate of lime, chloride of sodium, 
chloride of magnesium, sulphohydrate of sodium, 
sulphohydrate of calcium, vegetable extractive 
matter, and free sulphohydric acid gas. Their 
temperature is 48° Fahr. 
SHEATH, Vagina. 
SHEEP POISON, Kalmia latifolia. 
SHELLBARK, see Hickory. 
SHELL FLOWER, Trillium latifolium - s. 
Liquid, see Calcis murias - s. Membrane, Mem- 
brana testae. 
SHEPHERD'S PURSE, Thlaspi bursa. 
SHERBET, Scherbet-s. Orange, see Syrupus 
aurantii. 
SHERMAN'S WORM LOZENGES, see Worm 
lozenges, Sherman's. 
SHERRY", Sack, see Wine. 
SHIELD. WATER, Nelumbium luteum. 
SIIIN, O'crea, Crista tib'ia. The spine or 
anterior part of the tibia or leg. It is, also, called 
Anticne'mion. and Crea. 
SHINGLES, Herpes zoster. 
SHIP FEVER, see Typhus. 
SHOCK, see Concussion. 
SHORT, Sax. j-ceojit, from pcipan, 'to cut, to 
shear,' shored, shor'd, short, (F.) Court. A word 
used, by anatomists, in opposition to long; and 
to distinguish parts from each other that have 
otherwise the same name. 
Short Bones, for example, are those in which 
787 
SIBBENS 
the three dimensions-length, breadth, and thick- 
ness - are nearly alike ; such are the vertebrae, 
bones of the carpus, tarsus, <tc. 
Short Ribs, see Costa. 
SHORTSIGHTED, Myopic. 
SHORTSIGHTEDNESS, Myopia. 
SHORTWINDED, Pursy. 
SHOTBUSH, Aralia spinosa. 
SHOULDER-BLADE, Scapula. 
SHOVEL PICKEREL WEED, Uniwma del- 
tifolia - s. Pond, Uuisema deltifolia. 
SHOW, see Parturition. 
SHOW-CHOO, see Spirit. 
SHOWER-BATH, see Bath. 
SHRUB, perhaps, from Arabic, aharab, ' syrup.' 
A compound of spirits, lemon-juice, and sugar. 
Shrub, Sweet, Calycanthus-s. Sweet-scented, 
Calycanthus. 
SHUD'DERING, Frem'ihu, Phryag'ma, from 
(G.) Schauder, Schauer, (F.) Fremiaaement, 
Treaaaillement. A peculiar sensation, felt either 
externally or internally; and which seems to be 
the result of a spasmodic movement of the parts 
in which it occurs. A slight feeling of cold 
sometimes accompanies it. It is, at times, the 
result of a moral cause, and is often the precur- 
sor of shivering. 
SHUMAC, Rhus coriaria. 
SIAGANTRI'TIS, from atayw, 'the jaw,' 
avrpov, 'a cavity,' and iti«, denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the antrum of Highmore. 
SIAGON, Maxillary bone. 
SIAGO'NAGRA, from aiaywv, 'the jaw,' and 
aypa, ' a seizure.' Arthri'tia maxilla'ria. A gouty 
or rheumatic affection of the joint of the lower 
jaw. 
SIALACHUS, Salivation. 
SIAL'AGOGUE, Sialago'gua, Sial'ogogue, Pty- 
al'agogue, Ptyaa'magogue, Sali'vana, Saliva'tum, 
Sialocinet'icua, Apophlegmat'iaana per oa, (F.) 
Salivant; from aidXov, 'saliva,' and ayu>, 'I ex- 
pel.' That which provokes the secretion of saliva. 
Pyrethrum and mercury are sialogogues. Siala- 
gogues may be of two kinds, - those which act 
through the circulation, and those which act im- 
mediately on the salivary organs. Mercury be- 
longs to the former, - pyrethrum to the latter 
class. The chief sialagogues are armoraci, cala- 
mus, mezereum, pyrethrum, tabacum, and zin- 
giber. 
SIAL'ICA, from eiaXov, 'saliva.' Medicines, 
which affect the salivary glands. - Pereira. 
SIALISMUS, Salivation. 
SIALOCINETICUS, Sialagogue. 
SIALOLITHI, Calculi, salivary. 
SIALOLOG"IA, from aiaXov, ' saliva,' and 
Xoyos, 'a discourse.' A treatise on saliva. 
SIALOMA, Saliva. 
SIALON, Saliva. 
SIALORRHCEA, Salivation. 
SIALOS'CHESIS, from aiaXov, 'saliva,' and 
' retention.' Retention or suppression of 
the saliva. 
SIALOSYRINGES, Salivary fistula?. 
SIALOZEMIA, Salivation - s. Mercurialis, 
Salivation, mercurial. 
SIAMESE TWINS, see Twins, Siamese. 
SIBARE, Phrenitis. 
SIBBENS, Sivtena, Framboe'aia Seo'tica. An 
infectious disease in the mountainous parts of 
Scotland, viewed to be of the venereal kind. 
Simin, in the Keltic, means raspberry ; and it is 
said that, in this affection, fungi appear like rasp- 
berries. From aiwin, the inhabitants have made 
aievin, aibben, aibbena, and aivvena. By some, 
this affection is regarded as a complication of the SIBILANT 
venereal and itch. In the Orkneys, sibbens 
means itch. - Jamieson. 
SIBILANT, Sib'ilus, Sib'ilans, from sibilo, 'I 
hiss or whistle.' Making a hissing or whistling 
sound. See Rale sibilant. 
SIBILISMUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
SIBILUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
SICCAN'TIA, from siccare, 'to dry.' Xeran'- 
tica, (F.) Siccatifs. Drying medicines. - Galen. 
Siccantia, Desiccativa. 
SICCATIFS, Siccantia. 
SICCATIO, Drying. 
SICCHA'SIA, ' disgust.' A distress- 
ing disgust for food; such as is experienced by 
women with child. 
SICIL'ICUM. A Roman weight of about two 
drachms. 
SICK, Sax. peoc, jEger, Nos'eros, 
Noso'des, Jacens, Laborio'sus, Laborans, (F.) Ma- 
lade. Labouring under disease. Such is its accep- 
tation in old English, and generally in the United 
States. In England, it most commonly means,- 
affected with disorder of the stomach or nausea. 
A sick person, aEger, jEgro'tus, (F.) Malade, 
who is under the charge of a physician is said to 
be a patient, or the patient of the physician. At 
times, but rarely, patient is used for a sick per- 
son in the abstract. 
Sick Stomach, Milk sickness. 
SICKLY, Morbo'sus, Valetudina'rius, Adyn'- 
atos, Nosac'eros, Noso'des, Morbose, (F.) Maladif. 
One who is subject to be sick, or is in feeble 
health. 
SICKNESS, Disease - s. Falling, Epilepsy - 
6. River, Milk sickness - s. of the Stomach, Vo- 
miting - s. Swamp, Milk sickness. 
SICLIUM, Sieilicum. 
SICUA, Cupping-glass. 
SICULA, Beta, Penis. 
SICYEDON, Cauledon. 
SIDA ABUTILON, Abutilon cordatum. 
SIDE, PAIN IN THE, Pleurodynia. 
SIDERA'TIO, Sydera'tio, Sidera'tion, from 
tidus, 'a star;' because the condition was thought 
to be produced by the influence of the stars. The 
state of one struck suddenly, without apparent 
cause, and as if by the influence of the stars or 
planets-Planet-struck. <The ancients comprised, 
under this name, different morbid conditions, 
such as paralysis, apoplexy, and gangrene. 
Sideratio, Apoplexy, Asphyxia, Phrenitis - 
8. Ossie, Spina ventosa. 
SIDERATION, Astrobolismos, Sideratio. 
SIDERION, Ferramentum. 
SIDERITES, Magnet. 
SIDERITIS, Magnet, Teucrium chamaepitys. 
SIDEROS, Ferrum. 
SIDEROXYLON, Chrysophyllum cainito. 
SIDIIEE, see Gunjah. 
SIDMOUTH (CLIMATE OF). Sidmouth is 
in Devonshire, England, on the sea-bcach, at 
the mouth of the Sid. It is much frequented by 
invalids, both during the summer and winter. 
The climate is, however, damp, and subject to 
sea-fogs. 
Anus. 
SIELISMOS, Salivation. 
SIELON, Saliva. 
SIEVE, see Cribration - s. Drum, see Cribra- 
tion. 
SIFFLEMENT (F.), from siffler, 'to whistle-.' 
Whistling. 
SIFFLEMENT MODULE, Chant des artlres, 
Bruit musical, 'modulated whistling, or music of 
the arteries.' A kind of sound heard on auscul- 
tation, resembling, at times, the humming of cer- 
tain insects. 
788 
SILENE 
- 
The sound is chiefly met with in those labour- 
ing under chlorosis. 
SIGAULTIAN SECTION, Symphyseotomy. 
SIGE, Taciturnity. 
SIGH, Suspirium. 
SIGHT, Vision - s. Askew, Dysopia lateralis 
- s. False, Metamorphopsia, Pseudoblepsia - s. 
Feebleness of, Amblvopia. 
SIGILLUM SALAMONIS, Convallaria poly- 
gonatum- s. Virginitatis, Hymen. 
SIGMATOID, Sigmoid. 
SIGMOID, Siymoid'til, Sig'matoid, Sigmoi'des, 
Sigmo'des, Sigmoi'deus, That which has the 
form of the Greek S or C; from sigma, and itios, 
' resemblance.* 
Sigmoid Cartilages, Semilunar cartilages. 
Sigmoid Cavities or Fossa? of the Ulna, (F.) 
Cavitls ou Fosses sigmo'ides, are two notches at 
the upper part of that bone, - one for the recep- 
tion of the hnmerus; the other for that of the 
radius. 
Sigmoid Flexure of the Colon, Flexu'ra 
sigmdi'dea, is a turn the colon takes immediately 
before its termination in the rectum. 
Sigmoid or Semilunar Valves, Valvula; Sig- 
mdi'dea, Proces'sus Sigmo'i'des, (F.) Valvules sig- 
mdides ou semilunaires, are three valvular folds, 
at the commencement of the pulmonary artery 
and aorta. These valves have the form of a 
crescent, when applied against the parietes of 
the vessel. When the blood is sent from the 
ventricles by their contraction, the valves are 
applied against the sides of the vessel; but, dur- 
ing the diastole of the ventricle, they are de- 
pressed, and prevent the blood from returning to 
the heart. At the middle of the convexity of 
each valve is a small, hard, triangular granulum, 
called Corpus'culum seu Glob'ulus Aran'tii, which 
completely closes up the passage. It is, also, 
called Corpusculum Morgagn'ii, and C. Sssamdi'- 
deum, (F.) Globule d'Arantius. 
SIGN, Signum, Semi'on, (F.) Signe. Any 
present or past circumstance, afforded by the ex- 
amination of a patient, or of matters concerning 
him, whence a conclusion may be drawn regard- 
ing the nature and seat of his disease. The phe- 
nomena which precede the disease are called an- 
amnes'tic or commem'orative signs ;-those which 
accompany it are termed diagnostic, if they 
reveal the nature or seat of the disease, -pro- 
gnostic, when they indicate its probable duration 
and termination. 
SIGNA ASSIDENTIA, see Assidens. 
SIG'NATURE, Signatu'ra, Signa'tio, from 
signum, 'a sign;' Ejrisphagism'os. This term 
was applied in the Eastern countries, in the 
middle ages, to mystic characters of good or bad 
augury, with which it was pretended that every 
one was marked by the star under which he was 
born. 
Signatures of Plants meant certain peculia- 
rities in their external formation or colour, which 
indicated that they were adapted for particular 
diseases :-as in the case of the Lungwort, Liver- 
wort, &c. 
SIGNES AVANT-COUR EUR S, Precursory 
signs-s. Prtcurseurs, Precursory signs. 
SIGNUM, see Parturition - s. Characteristi- 
cum, see Pathognomonic - s. Conjunctum, see 
Pathognomonic - s. Diacriticum, see Diacritica 
sigma-s. Morbi essentiale, see Pathognomonic. 
SILACH, Silac. An Arabic word, used to 
designate thickening of the eyelids. Crassit"ies 
Palpebra'rum ; and, also, Alopecia. - Forestus, 
Stephanus. 
SILENCE, see Murmur, respiratory. 
SILENE CRASSIFOLIA, Cucubalus beben- SILER 
b. Inflata, Cucubalus behen - s. Thorei, Cucuba- 
lus behen. 
Sile'ne Virgin'ica, Ground Pink, Wild Pink, 
Catch Fly. The root has been employed, in de- 
coction, as an efficacious anthelmintic. 
SILER LANCIFOLIUM, Laserpitium siler 
- s. Montanum, Laserpitium siler. 
SIL'IQUA, Cera'tion; the carat. A weight 
of about four grains. A pod. 
Siliqua Arabica, Tamarindus-s. Araci aro- 
matici, see Vanilla-s. Banillae, see Vanilla-s. 
Dulcis, Ceratonium siliqua-s. Vaniglise, see Va- 
nilla-s. Vanilliae, see Vanilla. 
SILIQUASTRUM PLINII,Capsicum annuum. 
SILK, Sericum - s. Weed, Asclepias Sullivan- 
tii, Asclepias tuberosa-s. Weed, common, Ascle- 
pias Syriaca - s. Worm, see Sericum. 
SILLON, Sulcus - 8. Horizontal de la veine 
ombilicale, see Liver - 8. Trausversale, see Liver 
- e. de la Veine cave infiriewr, see Liver - s. de 
la Veine porte, see Liver. 
SILO, Camus. 
SILPIIIUM, Laserpitium. 
Sil'phium Perfolia'tum, Cup Plant, Turpen- 
tine Sun Flower, and 
Silph'ium Terebinthina'ceum, Pra'irie Bur- 
dock, Rosin Weed; Nat. Order, Composite; in- 
digenous in Ohio and Michigan, and flowering 
from July to September; yield a fragrant gum, 
which is esteemed stimulant and antispasmodic. 
SILUS, Camus. 
SILVER, Argentum-s. Ammonio-chloride of, 
see Argentum - s. Chloride of, see Argentum - 
s. Chloruret of, see Argentum-s. Cyanide of, see 
Argentum-s. Cyanuret of, see Argentum - s. 
Iodide of, see Argentum - s. loduret of, see Ar- 
gentum-s. Leaf, Magnolia macrophylla-s. Mu- 
riate of, see Argentum - s. Nitrate of, Argenti 
nitras-s. Oxide of, see Argentum - s. and Am- 
monia, Chloride of, see Argentum - s. and Am- 
monia, Chloruret of, see Argentum. 
SILYBUM, Carduus marianus-s. Maculatum, 
Carduus marianus - s. Marianum, Carduus ma- 
rianus. 
SIMAROUBA, Quassia simarouba - s. Bitter, 
Quassia simarouba-s. Faux, Malpighia mourella. 
SIMARUBA, Quassia simarouba. 
Simabuba Cedron. A South American tree, 
the seeds of which - cedron seeds - have been 
used as an antidote for snake-bites. They have, 
also, been proposed in mental diseases and in 
epilepsy. The scrapings of the w'ood have been 
used as a substitute for sulphate of quinia. 
Simaruba Officinalis, Quassia simarouba. 
8IMILATI0, Assimilation. 
SIMITIUM, Plumbi subcarbonas. 
SIMO, Camus. 
SIMONEA FOLLICULORUM, Acarus folli- 
culorum. 
SIMOTRACHELUS, Bysauchen. 
SIMPLES. Medicinal herbs. One skilled in 
Bimples is called a Simplist, a Rhizot'omist. 
SIMPLIST, see Simples. 
SIMULATED DISEASES, Feigned diseases. 
SIMULATI MORBI, Feigned diseases. 
SIMUS, Camus. 
SINA LEVANTICA, Artemisia santonica. 
SINAPELAJ'ON, from <nvair«, ' mustard,' and 
iXaiov, 'oil.' Oil impregnated with mustard. 
SINAPI, Sinapis. 
SINA'PIS, Sinapis nigra seu cer'nua seu Olive- 
ria'na, Bras'sica nigra, Napus, Eru'ca, Sina'pe, 
Sina'pi, Na'pium, Napy, Common Black Mustard, 
(F.) Modtarde noire, Sfnevi, Sanve. Family, 
Cruciferte. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. 
The seeds are inodorous, when entire; but. when 
bruised, the odour is very pungent; taste bitterish 
and acrid. They yield their virtues to water, and 
789 
sinus 
afford a bland oil by expression. The seeds are 
stimulant, diuretic, emetie, and rubefacient. They 
are sometimes recommended to be swallowed 
whole, in dyspepsia, torpor of the bowels, <tc. 
Externally, they are applied in the form of cata- 
plasm. See Sinapism. 
Sinapis Alba, ,S'. folio'sa, Bonannia qfficina'lis, 
White Mustard, Napus Leucosina'pia, is also used 
medicinally. It is somewhat less pungent than 
the black. The distilled oil-Oleum Sinapis-is 
a powerful stimulant and rubefacient. 
Whitehead's Essence of Mustard consists of oil 
of turpentine, camphor, and a portion of spirit of 
Rosemary: to which is added a small quantity 
of flour of mustard. It is a celebrated embroca- 
tion for rheumatism, <fcc. 
Whitehead's Essence of Mustard Pills consist 
of yellow resin and balsam of tolu enough to 
make into pills. 
Mustard Whey is made by taking bruised mus- 
tard seeds and milk Oj. Boil together until 
the milk is curdled, and strain. 
This whey is used in dropsy. 
Sinapis Arven'sis, >S'. Timoria'na, Charlock, 
Wild Mustard, has the seeds sometimes substi- 
tuted for black mustard. 
Sinapis Cer'nua, Sinapis - s. Eruca, Brassica 
eruca-s. Foliosa, S. alba-s. Oliveriana, Sinapis 
-s. Tamoriana, S. arvensis - s. Tuberosa, Bras- 
sica rapa. 
SINAPISIS, Bole Armenian. » 
SIN'APISM, Sinapis'mus, from aivarri, 'mus- 
tard.' A cataplasm, of which mustard forms the 
basis, which is used for exciting redness, and 
acting as a counter-irritant. It is prepared by 
mixing flour of mustard and vinegar together to 
the due consistence. See Cataplasma sinapis. 
SIN'CIPUT, Sincip'ital Region, Bregma, Syn'- 
ciput, Mesocra'nium, Mesoc'ranum, Heniicepha- 
Ice'um, Hemicephal'ium, Hemiceph'alum ; the top 
of the head. The French use it synonymously 
with vertea-. By some it is applied to the frontal 
region or fore-part of the cranium. The parietal 
bones have been called sincipital bones, Ossa sin- 
eip'itis, (F.) Os du sinciput. 
SINDON, aivbuiv, very fine linen. A small 
piece of rag, or a round pledget, supported by a 
thread at its middle, and introduced into the 
opening in the cranium made by the trephine. 
SINEW, Tendon. 
SINGLETON'S GOLDEN OINTMENT is 
formed of sulphuret of arsenic (realgar,) and lard 
or spermaceti ointment. 
SINGULT'OUS, Lygmo'des, Lygo'des, Lyngo'- 
des, Lynggo'des; from Singultus, 'hiccough.' Re- 
lating to or affected with hiccough. 
SINGULT'US, Lynx, Lygmus, Spasmolyg'mus, 
Clonus singul'tus, Pneusis singul'tus, Hiccough, 
Hiccup, (F.) Hoquet. A noise made by the sud- 
den and involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, 
and the simultaneous contraction of the glottis, 
which arrests the air in the trachea. It is a 
symptom of many morbid conditions, and espe- 
cially of gangrene, but occurs, frequently, in per- 
sons otherwise in good health. 
SIN'ISTRAD, from sinister, 'to the left hand.' 
A term used by Dr. Barclay, adverbially, to sig- 
nify ' towards the sinistral aspect.' See Mesial. 
SINISTRAL ASPECT, see Mesial. 
SINUEUX, Sinuous. 
SINUOSITAS, Sinus. 
SIN'UOUS, (F.) Nniweu.r, from sinus, 
'a bay or curve.' An epithet given to certain 
ulcers, and especially to certain fistulas, which 
are tortuous. 
SINUS, Sinuo'sitas, Colpos, Abscou'sio, Eury- 
cho'ria, Reces'sus, (F.) Golfe. Any cavity, the 
interior of which is more expanded than the en- SINUS 
trance. In thia sense, anatomists have applied 
the term to cavities in certain bones of the head 
and face. It has been, also, applied to certain 
venous canals, into which a number of vessels 
empty themselves; such as the sinuses of the 
dura mater and of the spine; the sinus of the vena 
porta; uterine sinuses, Ac.;-and to the bosom. 
In surgery, it means a long, narrow, hollow 
track, leading from some abscess, diseased bone, 
Ac., (F.) Clapier. 
Sinuses of bones form part of the nasal cavities. 
They are the frontal, sphenoidal, maxillary, Ac. 
The name has also been given, occasionally, to 
the ethmoid and mastoid cells. 
Sinus Acusticus, Auditory canal, internal - 
s. Ampullaceus, Cavitas elliptica-s. Aortici, Si- 
nuses of Valsalva-s. Arteriosus, S. pulmonalis- 
s. Basilar, Sinus transversus-s. Caverneux, Caver- 
nous sinus - s. Cavernosi uteri, Sinus uterini-s. 
Cavernosus, Cavernous sinus - s. Cerebri, Ven- 
tricles of the brain-s. Chordidien, S. quartus- 
s. Circular, of Ridley, Sinus coronarius - s. Cir- 
cularis, S. coronarius - s. Coronaire du coeur, see 
Cardiac veins. 
Sinus Corona'rius, Sinus circula'ris, S. circu- 
la'ris Ridleyi, Circular sinus of Ridley, Cor'onary 
sinus. A venous canal, which surrounds, in a 
more or less regular manner, the pituitary fossa 
and gland, emptying itself into the corresponding 
cavernous sinus by each of its extremities. 
Sinus, Coronary, Sinus coronarius - s. Coro- 
nary of the heart, Sinus coronary, venous. 
Sinus Coronary, Venous, Coronary sinus of 
the heart. A name given, on account of its great 
size, to that portion of the great coronary vein 
which embraces the left auriculo-ventricular fur- 
row. 
Sinus Coxa:, see Cotyloid-s. Droit, S. quartus. 
Sinus Dexter Cordis, Sinus vena'rum cava'- 
rum, S. veno'sus, Saccus vena'rum cava'rum. The 
right auricle of the heart: - A'trium cordis dex- 
trum. See Auricula. 
Sinuses of the Dura Mater, Sinus seu Fis'- 
tula seu Cavita'tes seu Ventric'uli seu Tu'buli 
seu Sanguiduc'tus seu Receptac'ula Dura matris, 
are formed by a separation of the layers of the 
dura mater, which acts as a substitute for the 
outer membrane of veins. Bichat admits only 
four great sinuses, of which all the others seem 
to be dependencies; - the two lateral sinuses, the 
straight sinus, and the longitudinal sinus. To 
the lateral sinuses belong, - the petrous sinuses, 
superior and inferior; the transverse sinus; the 
cavernous sinuses; the coronary sinus, and the 
occipital sinuses. To the straight sinus belongs 
the inferior longitudinal. The longitudinal sinus, 
properly so called, has no sinus under its depend- 
ence. 
Sinus Falciformis Inferior, S. longitudinal, 
inferior-s. Falciformis superior, S. longitudinal, 
superior-s. Fourth, Torcular Herophili-s. Genas 
pituitarius, Antrum of Highmore-s. of the Jugu- 
lar vein, see Jugular veins - s. Lacrymalis, La- 
chrymal sac. 
Sinuses of the Larynx, Ventricles of the 
larynx. 
Sinuses, Lat'eral, Sinus transver'si, S. magni, 
S. latera'les, (F.) Sinus latiraux. Each of these 
sinuses, distinguished into right and left, begins 
at the torcular Herophili, or confluence of the 
sinuses, and terminates at the sinus of the jugular 
vein. z 
SINUS LATER AUX, Sinuses, lateral. 
Sinuses, Longitu'dinal, N. Longitudina'les. 
These are two in number. 1. Superior Longi- 
tudinal Sinus, S. falcifor'mis superior, S. trian- 
gula'ris, Sinus median, (Ch.) A long, triangular 
canal: convex above, concave below; which oc- 
790 
SINUS 
cupies the whole of the upper edge of the falx 
cerebri. It is broad behind, and much narrower 
before, where it commences by a cul-de-sac, at 
the cristi galli of the ethmoid bone. It passes 
along the frontal or coronal crest, sagittal suture, 
and the vertical groove of the occipital bone. It 
receives several veins from the dura mater; and 
all those that are spread over the convex and 
plain surfaces of the two hemispheres of the 
brain. It discharges itself into the upper part 
of the torcular llerophili. 2. Inferior Longi- 
tudinal Sinus, Sinus falcifor'mis inferior, Vena 
falcis cer'ehri. This is much narrower than the 
last, and occupies the inferior edge of the falx 
cerebri, from its anterior third to the tentorium 
cerebelli, where it terminates, commonly by two 
branches, in the straight sinus. 
Sinus Magni, Sinuses, lateral-s. Maxillary, 
Antrum of Highmore - «. Median, Sinus longi- 
tudinal superior - s. Median, see Semicircular 
canals - s. Muliebris, Vagina. 
Sinus, Occip'ital, Sinus occipita'lis. These 
sinuses commence at the sides of the foramen 
magnum ossis occipitis, and ascend - becoming 
broader and nearer each other - into the sub- 
stance of the falx cerebelli, where they frequently 
unite. Each opens into the inferior part of the 
torcular llerophili. They receive the veins of 
the falx cerebelli, of the dura mater which lines 
the fossae cerebelli, and of the posterior part of 
the cerebellum. Haller and Sbmmering have 
given them the name of posterior occipital sinuses, 
to distinguish them from the transverse sinus, 
which they have called anterior occipital sinus. 
Sinus Occipitalis Anterior, Sinus transver- 
sus-s. Ophthalmic, see Cavernous sinus-s. Per- 
pendicularis, S. quartus - s. Pituitarii frontis, 
Frontal sinuses - s. Poeularis, see Ejaculatory 
ducts-s. Polymorphus, Cavernous sinus-s. Por- 
tarum, see Liver. 
Sinus, Prostat'ic, Sinus prostat'icus. A fossa 
on each side of the verumontanum, in which are 
seen the numerous openings of the ducts of the 
prostate. 
Sinus Pudendi, Vagina - s. Pudoris, Vagina, 
Vulva. 
Sinus Pulmonales, Sinuses of Valsalva. 
Sinus Puljiona'lis, S.sinis'ter cordis, A'trium 
cordis sinis'trum, S. vena'rum pulmona'lium, S. 
arterio'sus, Saccus vena'rum pulmona'lium. The 
left auricle of the heart. See Auricula. 
Sinus of the Pulmonary Veins, Auricle, left. 
Sinus Quartus, S. perpendicula'ris, (F.) Sinus 
chordidien (Ch.), Sinus droit, Straight sinus. This 
sinus-triangular throughout; wide posteriorly; 
narrower anteriorly; slightly oblique downwards 
and backwards-passes along the base of the falx 
cerebri, from the termination of the inferior lon- 
gitudinal sinus to the torcular llerophili. It re- 
ceives the inferior longitudinal sinus, the veins 
of the lateral ventricles or vena Galeni, the supe- 
rior cerebellous veins, &c. 
Sinus Renum, Pelvis of the kidney-s. Rhom- 
boideus, see Ventricles of the brain - s. of the 
Septum lucidum, Ventricle, fifth-s. Sinister cor- 
dis, S. pulmonalis - s. Sphenoidalis, Cavernous 
sinus - s. Straight, S. quartus - s. Superciliares, 
Frontal sinuses-s. Terminalis, Circulus venosus 
-s. Transversi, Sinuses, lateral. 
Sinus Transver'sus, S. occipita'lis ante'rior, 
Bas'ilar sinus. This sinus lies transversely at 
the anterior part of the basilary process of the 
oocipital bone. It forms a communication be- 
tween the two petrous sinuses, and the cavernous 
sinus of one side, and those of the other. Its 
breadth is commonly very great. It is situate 
between two layers of the dura mater, and pre- 
sents, internally, a kind of cavernous tissue. SIPEERI 
Sinus Triangularis, S. longitudinal, superior 
-s. Urogenitalis, Urogenital sinus. 
Sinus Uteri'ni, Sinus caverno'si Wteri, U'te- 
rine sinuses. A name given to cavities, formed 
by the uterine veins in the substance of the uterine 
parietes. They are very large during pregnancy. 
Sinus Utriculosus, see Semicircular canals- 
s. des Vaisseaux Corpus Highmori. 
Sinuses of Valsal'va are three depressions 
in the aorta-Sinus aor'tici-and pulmonary ar- 
tery- Sinus puhnoua'les- immediately opposite 
the semilunar valves.. Their use is to leave the 
edges of the valves free, so that they can be 
caught by the refluent blood. Where the aorta 
is about to send otf the first of its large branches, 
at the top of the thorax, it is of great size, and 
has been called the Large sinus of Valsalva. 
Sinus of the Vena Cava, Auricle, right - s. 
Venarum cavarum, S. dexter cordis-s. Venarum 
pulmonalium, S. pulmonalis-s. Venosus, S. dex- 
ter cordis. 
Si'nuses, Ver'tebral, (F.) Sinus vertibraux. 
Two great venous sinuses, different from those of 
the dura mater, which extend the whole length 
of the vertebral canal, from the pccipital foramen 
to the end of the sacrum, behind the bodies of the 
vertebra?, before the dura mater, and at the sides 
of the posterior vertebral ligament. At their in- 
ner side they communicate with each other by 
means of branches, which form true transverse 
sinuses. They are situate at the middle of the 
body of each vertebra, passing under the posterior 
vertebral ligament. They receive, at their mid- 
dle part, the veins that arise in the spongy tissue 
of the vertebrae. By their external side, the ver- 
tebral sinuses communicate with the posterior 
branches of the vertebral, intercostal, and lum- 
bar veins. At their posterior side they receive 
the veins, which creep on the prolongation of the 
dura mater that envelops the marrow. 
Sinus Vulvas. Rima vulva?. 
SIPEERI, Bebeeru. 
SIPEERINE, see Bebeeru. 
SIPHAR, Peritoneum. 
SIPI1ILIS, Syphilis. 
SIPHITA, Somnambulism - s. Parva, Chorea. 
SIPHO, Siphon-s. Urina?, Diabetes. 
SIPHON, Sipho, <n<p<i>v, 'a tube.' A bent tube, 
whose limbs are of unequal length, employed in 
pharmacy for transferring liquids from one vessel 
to another. With this view, the shorter limb is 
plunged into the fluid ; and air is sucked from 
the extremity of the lower limb. The pressure 
of the atmosphere forces the fluid through the 
tube; and the flow will continue as long as the 
extremity of the longer limb is below the level 
of the fluid in which the shorter limb is immersed. 
An exhausting syringe is, at times, attached to 
the longer extremity of the siphon by means of 
which the air can be drawn from it. 
Siphon, Plunging. An instrument, used in 
pharmacy for obtaining a specimen,-at times, a 
measured specimen, - of any liquid. With this 
view, the instrument is immersed into liquid, and 
allowed to remain there until full. The opening 
at the top is then closed with the thumb; and 
the contents, thus removed, are allowed to flow 
out by removing the thumb and permitting the 
entrance of air. It is a form of the pipette. 
SIPHONIA CAHUCHU, see Caoutchouc - s. 
Elastica, see Caoutchouc. 
SIPHUNCULUS, Syringe. 
SIRA. Orpiment 
SIRENS, Symmeles. 
SIRIASIS, Coup de Soleil, Insolation, Phre- 
nitis - a. JSgyptiaca, Coup de Soleil. 
SIRIUM MYRTIFOLIUM, Santalum album. 
SIRIUS, Canicula. 
791 
SIUM 
STROP DE CAP ILL AIRE, see Adiantum 
capillus veneris - s. de Coralline, see Corallina 
Corsicana. 
SIRUP, Syrup. 
SISON AMMI, xEthu'sa ammi, Cnid' ium tenui- 
folium, Pimpinella laterifo'lia, Ses'eli foeniculi- 
fo'lium. Family, Umbelliferae. Sex. Syst. Pen- 
tandria Digynia. The plant that affords the 
Ammi verum of the shops; (F.) Ammi dee Bou- 
tiques, The seeds - <S'emen Ani'nu'os cretlci seu 
oert - were once used as a carminative. 
Sison Amo'mum. (F.) Amome faux, is consi- 
dered to be excitant and diuretic. It is the field 
honewort. 
Sison Anisum, Pimpinella anisum - s. Poda- 
graria, Ligustieum podagraria. 
SISTENS, Epischeticus. 
SISYMBRIUM ALLIARIA, Alliaria-s. Bar- 
barea, Erysimum barbarea-s. Erucastrum, Bras- 
sica eruea-s. Menthastrum, Mentha aquatica. 
Sisym'brium Nastur'tium, Nasturtium aquat'- 
icum seu officina'le, Laver odora'tum, Crateva'- 
slum, Cressi, Cardami'ne fonta'na seu nastur'tium, 
Water Cress, (F.) Cresson de fontaine. Family, 
Crucifer®. Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliquosa. 
Water-cresees are commonly used in salad. They 
have obtained a place in the materia medica for 
their antiscorbutic qualities. 
Sisymbrium Officinale, Erysimum - s. Par- 
viflorum, S. sophia. 
Sisymbrium So'phia, S. parvifio'rum, Herb 
Sophia, Sophia Chirurgo'rum, Flix or Flux-weed, 
(F.) Sagesse des Chirurgiens. It was once re- 
puted to be anthelmintic, and valuable in hyste- 
rical affections. It is not used. 
Other species of Nasturtium, as N. Palus'tre, 
Marsh water-cress; and N. amphib'ium. Water- 
radish, possess similar virtues with Nasturtium 
officinale. 
SISYRIN'CIIIUM BERMUDIA'NUM, Blue- 
eyed grass, Lily grass, Physic grass, Scurvy grass; 
indigenous; Order, Iridace®; flowering from 
June to August. Used as a cathartic by the 
Thompsonians. A decoction of the root is acrid 
and cathartic. 
SITICULOSUS, Dipsodes, see Alterative. 
SITIENS, Dipsodes. 
SITIS, Thirst - s. Intensa, Polydipsia - s. 
Morbosa, Polvdipsia. 
SITKA, MINERAL WATERS OF. See Arch- 
angel, New, mineral waters of. 
SITOS, Aliment. 
SITUS ANOMALUS seu PERVERSUS IN- 
TESTINORUM, Splanchnectopia - s. Mutatus, 
see Monster. 
SITZBATH, see Bath, half. 
SIUM, Sium nodifio'rum seu angustifo'lium seu 
Ber'ula seu erec'turn seu tnct'tum, A'pium sium, 
Ber'ula angustifo'lia, Ber'ula, Creeping Water- 
parsnep, (F.) Berle nodifiore. Family, Umbelli- 
fer®. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. It is sti- 
mulant, and supposed to be diuretic and lithon- 
triptic. It is, sometimes, employed in cutaneous 
eruptions. 
Sium Angustifolium, S. nodiflorum-s. Apium, 
Apium graveolens -s. Berula, S. nodiflorum -s. 
Bulbocastanum, Bunium bulbocastanum-s. Car- 
vi, Carum-s. Erectum, S. nodiflorum-s. Grave- 
olens, Apium graveolens - s. Incisum, S. nodi- 
florum. 
Sium Latifo'lium is the common Water-par- 
snep of the United States. It is said to be poi- 
sonous. 
Sium Ninsi. The pjant whose root is called 
Radix Ninsi, Ninzin, Nindsin. This root was 
long supposed to be the same as ginseng, and it 
possesses similar, though weaker properties. 
Sium Silaus, Peueedanum silans. 792 
SMILAX 
SLEEP-WALKING,. Somnambulism. 
SLIACS, MINERAL WATERS OF. Sliacs 
is a favourite bathing-place in Hungary, a few 
miles from Neusohl. Some of the waters are 
cold; others, thermal: the former are carbonated 
chalybeates; the latter are much used in the 
same cases as thermal springs in general. 
SLING, (G.) Schlinge, Mitel'la, Mit'rium. 
A bandage employed to keep the forearm bent on 
the arm, in cases of injury done to those parts, 
in fracture of the clavicle, injury of the hands, 
<!tc. A handkerchief is often sufficient for this 
purpose. It must be folded diagonally, and be 
tied, by the extremities, round the neck. The 
French surgeons have used many varieties of 
Echarjies orelingt; asthe Grandeecharpe.Echarpe 
woyenne, Petite tcharpe, Echarpe de J. L. Pe- 
tit, <fcc. 
SLIPPERS, Impatiens. 
SLIT AND TAIL BANDAGE, Invaginated 
bandage. 
SLOE-TREE, Prunus spinosa. 
SLOUGH, Eschar. 
SLOWS, Milk-sickness. 
SLUG, Limax- s. Sea, Biche de Mer. 
SLUMBER, Somnolency. 
SMALLAGE, Apium graveolens. 
SMALL-POX, Variola-s. Modified, Varioloid. 
SMALT, Protox'ide of Cobalt, Smaltuin, Safre, 
Azur, Bine Starch. This oxyd has been given in 
rheumatism, in the dose of ten to twenty grains. 
A larger quantity excites vomiting. 
SMARAG'DUS, (F.) Emeraude. The emerald. 
It was formerly as a tonic. 
SMARTWEED, Polygonum punctatum. 
SMECTICA, Detergents. 
SMECTIS, Cimolia terra. 
SMECTRIS, Cimolia terra. 
SMEGMA, cptiypa, from ' to wipe, to 
rub off.' Soap, grease, a salve, a liniment. Also, 
the secretion from the sebaceous follicles of the 
skin. 
Smegma Articulare, Synovia-s. Cutaneuio, 
see Sebaceous glands. 
Smegma Ph.epu'tii. The fatty secretion from 
the sebaceous follicles of the glans penis. 
SMEGMATORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
SMEGM0RRHG5A, Stearrhoea. 
SMELL, SENSE OF, Olfaction. 
SMELLING, Olfaction. 
SMELLOME'S OINTMENT FOR THE 
EYES, Ceratum resinae. 
SMILAX, Taxus baecata - s. Aspera Chinen- 
sis, Smihix China-s. Aspera Peruviana. Smilax 
sarsaparilla-s. Canellaefolia, S. pseudo-China. 
Smilax China, Smilax ax'pera Chinen'xie. 
Family, Smilacem. Sex. Syxt. Dioecia Hexandria. 
Thereof-China, Ch. orienta'lit seu pondero'xa 
seu vera, Sankira, Gauqnara, China root, (F.) 
Squint, Exquine. Formerly much used in cuta- 
neous and venereal affections. 
Smilax Glauca, S. sarsaparilla-s. Hederaafo- 
lia, S. pseudo-China - s. Indiea Spinosa, Smilax 
pseudo-China-s. Officinalis, Smilax sarsaparilla. 
Smilax Pseudo-China, Smilax In'dica xpino'- 
ea seu canellafo'lia seu heaercefo'lia, China occi- 
denta'lit, China spn'ria nodo'sa, American or 
West India China. In scrofulous disorders, tho 
root has been often preferred to the oriental kind. 
In other cases, it possesses similar virtues. 
Smilax Sarsaparil'la, N. oficina'lix seu glau- 
ca, Sarxaparil'la, Sartaparil'la, Smilax ax'pera 
Peruvia'na, Sarza, Sarxa, Carivillan'di, Iva Pe- 
can'ga, Macapatli, Zarxa, Zarzaparil'la, (F.) Sal- 
xepareille. The root of the Sarsaparilla is inodor- 
ous ; taste bitterish, feculaceous, and fibrous; of 
a dark colour externally; white within. It is 
SIVVENS 
Sium Sis'arum, Skirret, is used as a salad in 
Europe: and has been supposed a useful diet in 
chest affections. 
Sium Vulgare, Ligusticum podagraria. 
SIVVENS, Sibbens. 
SKELETIA, Emaciation. 
SKELETOL'OGY, Sceletolog"ia, (F.) Squelet- 
tologie, from oki\itos, ' a skeleton,' and Xoyoy, ' a 
discourse.' A treatise on the solid parts of the 
body. This part of anatomy comprehends Oste- 
ology and Syndesmology. 
SKEL'ETON, Scel'etum, from aKtktros, Ca- 
dav'er exsicca'tum; (F.) Squelette, Sceleton, a 
dried body ; from axiWu>, ' I dry.' The aggre- 
gate of the hard parts of the body, or the bones. 
A skeleton is found in almost all animals, al- 
though it may not always be formed in the same 
manner. In some, as in the Crustacea and tes- 
tacea, it is wholly or partly external, Exo-skeleton, 
Dermo-skeleton. In others, as in birds, the mam- 
malia, &c., it is internal, Endo-skeleton, Neuro- 
skeleton. It serves as a support for other organs. 
On it the general shape of the body and of its 
various parts is greatly dependent. When the 
bones are united by their natural ligaments, the 
skeleton is said to be natural, Scel'etum natura'le; 
when articulated by means of wires, artificial, 
Scel'etum artificia'le. 
SKELETOPCE'IA, Sceletopoe'a, Sceleteu'sis, 
from ckcActos, 'a skeleton,' and rroeiw, 'I make.' 
The part of practical anatomy which treats of 
the preparation of bones, and the construction 
of skeletons. Bones are prepared to exhibit their 
conformation, structure, chymical composition, 
mode of development, and changes ; the different 
cavities formed by the union ; and to demonstrate 
their connexions, relations, modes of union, <fcc. 
SKEVISCH, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
SKEVISH, FLEABANE, Erigeron Philadel- 
phicum. 
SKIN, Cutis. 
SKIN-BOUND DISEASE, Induration of the 
cellular tissue. 
SKIOMACHIA, Sciomachy. 
SKIRRET, Sium sisarum. 
SNIRSE, Scirrhus. 
SKOKE, Phytolacca decandra. 
SKOLEMORA FERNAMBUCENSIS, Geof- 
fraea vermifuga. 
SKUE-SIGIIT, Dysopia lateralis. 
SKULL, Cranium. 
SKULL-CAP,Calvaria,Scutellariagalericulata. 
SKUNK-CABBAGE, Dracontium foetidum. 
SKUNK-WEED, Dracontium foetidum. 
SLATE, IRISH, Hibernicus lapis. 
SLATERS, Onisci aselli. 
SLATKAIA TRAVA, see Spirit. 
SLAV'ERING, from saliva. Ptyalis'mus iners, 
Driv'elling, (F.) Save. Involuntary flow of sa- 
liva, from sluggishness of deglutition, without in- 
creased secretion. It is seen in the infant, the 
aged, and the idiot. 
SLEEP, Sax. ylep; Somnus, Sompnus, Sopor, 
Dormit"io, Hypnos, (F.) Sommeil. Temporary 
interruption of our relations with external objects. 
A repose of the organs of sense, intellectual facul- 
ties, and voluntary motion. 
The act of quitting this condition is called 
awaking, (F.) Evigilation, Reveil. Sometimes this 
is progressive and natural; at others, sudden and 
starting ; (F.) Reveil en sursant,-as in nightmare, 
affections of the heart, hypochondriasis, Ac. 
Sleep, Magnet'ic, Hypno'sis biomagnet'ica, is 
the sleep induced by the so called animal mag- 
netism. See Magnetism, animal. 
Sleep, Nervous, see Magnetism, animal. 
SLEEPLESSNESS, Insomnia. SMILE 
possessed of diuretic and demuleent properties, 
and has been often employed in the sequel® of 
syphilis; when, after a mercurial course, noc- 
turnal pains, ulceration, &c., continue. It has, 
also, been advised in scrofula, chronic rheuma- 
tism, Ac.; but its efficacy is, to say the least of 
it, a matter of doubt. Dose, to 3j of the 
powder. 
SMILE, a/iiXri. A curved, two-edged bistoury. 
A i * i 
SMILEON, Scalpel. 
SMYRNA, Myrrba. 
SMYRNISMOS, Embalming. 
SMYR'NIUM OLUSA'TRUM, Hlppoeeli'num, 
Smyr'nium, Jfacero'na, Macedonia'ium, Herba 
Alexandri'na, Gri'elum, Agrioeeli'num, Alexan'- 
deru, Alnandern. A plant formerly cultivated for 
culinary purposes. The seeds are bitter and aro- 
matic, and the roots more powerfully bitter. 
They have been recommended as resolvents, diu- 
retics, emmenagogues, Ac. 
SNAGREL, Aristolochia serpentaria. 
SNAIL, Limax- s. Shell, Cochlea. 
SNAKEHEAD, Chelone glabra. 
SNAKEROOT, Garuleum bipinnatum - s. 
Birthwort, Aristolochia serpentaria - s. Black, 
Act®a racemosa, Sanicula Marilandica - s. 
Button, Eryngium aquaticum, Liatris spicata 
- s. Canada, Asarum Canadense - s. Dewitt, 
Prenanthes - s. Evergreen, Polygala paucifolia 
- s. Heart, Asarum Canadense - s. Virginiana, 
Aristolochia serpentaria - s. White, Eupatorium 
ageratoides. 
SNAKEWEED, Aristolochia serpentaria, He- 
lenium autumnale, Polygonum bistorta-s. Ame- 
rican, Cicuta masculata. 
SNEEZING, from Sax. niefan, (G.) Niesen, 
Clonus Sternuta'tio, Sternuta'tio, Sternutamen'- 
*«;«, Sternumen'tum, Ptarmos, (F.) Eternuement. 
A convulsive motion of the expiratory muscles, 
by which the air is driven rapidly, and rushes 
sonorously, through the nasal foss®, carrying 
with it the mucus and foreign bodies, which ad- 
here to the pituitary membrane, and have occa- 
sioned the movement. 
SNEEZEWORT, Achillea ptarmica, Helenium 
autumnale. 
SNORING, Rhenclius, Rbenxis, Ronehus, Rhon- 
chue, Stertor, Renchue, (F.) Ron/lement, from(G.) 
Scharnen. Noise made in the posterior part 
of the mouth and nasal foss® during the move- 
ments of inspiration, particularly in sleep, both 
when the person is in health, and in disease, as 
in apoplexy. In certain affections of the chest- 
in some cases of pulmonary catarrh - a kind of 
snoring may be distinctly heard by applying the 
ear or the stethoscope to the chest. 
SNOT, Nasal mucus. 
SNOUT, Nasus. 
SNOW, Sax. fnap, Nix, Chion, (F.) Neige. 
Water in a solid state, which falls from the at- 
mosphere in white flakes. It is used externally 
as a tonic and discutient. 
SNOWBALL, Cephalanthus occidentalis. 
SNOWBERRY, Symphoricarpus racemosus. 
SNUFF, CEPHALIC, Pulvis asari compositus. 
SNUFFLES, Teut. Snuffeln, Grave'do ne- 
onatit'rum, Rhinan'gia, Rhinanch' one. Breathing 
hard through the nose, often owing to accumula- 
tion of the mucous secretions,-an affection to 
which infants are liable, and which is relieved by 
oiling the interior of the nostrils. 
SOAP, Sapo-s. Acid, see Sapo - s. Berries, 
Sapindus saponaria-s. Black, see Sapo-s. Cas- 
tile, Sapo durus - s. of the Cocoa-nut oil, see 
Sapo - s. Common or soft, see Sapo - s. Liquid, 
see Sapo- s. Medicinal, see Sapo - s. Spanish, 
Sapo durus- s. Y'ellow, see Sapo. 
793 
SODA 
SOAPWORT, Saponaria. 
SOB, from Sax. peofian, 'to grieve;' (F.) San- 
glot. A spasmodic, sudden, and momentary 
contraction of the diaphragm, immediately fol- 
lowed by relaxation, by which the little air, that 
the contraction has caused to enter the chest, is 
driven out with noise. It is an evidence of cor- 
poreal or mental suffering. 
SOBOLES, Epigone. 
SOBRIETAS, Temperance. 
SOCIA PAROTIDIS, see Parotid. 
SOCI'ETY, <Soci'eta«, (F.) Societe, from sociare, 
' to associate.' An association for the promotion 
of some common object. 
Societies, MedTcal. Associations of medical 
gentlemen for the promotion of science have been 
numerous, and productive of valuable results. 
In the United States, societies exist in many of 
the states, possessing the power of examining 
into the qualifications of every one who may be 
desirous of practising within their particular ju- 
risdiction. In some of the states, however, the 
qualified and unqualified are permitted to exer- 
cise their profession with equal privileges and 
immunities. 
Amongst the medical associations that have 
issued from time to time useful transactions or 
publications, are the following: In America,- 
The Massachusetts Medical Society; the Phy- 
sico-medical, and Medical Societies of the State 
of New York; the College of Physicians of 
Philadelphia, and the American Medical As- 
sociation. In Europe, - The Association of 
Fellows and Licentiates of the King's and 
Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland ; the 
Medico-Chirurgical and Phrenological Societies 
of Edinburgh; the College of Physicians, the 
Medico-Chirurgical, the Medical and the Syden- 
ham Societies of London; the Associated Apothe- 
caries and Surgeon Apothecaries of England and 
IlTiZes, and the Provincial Medical and Surgical 
Association ; the Royal Academy of Surgery, the 
Royal Society of Medicine, the Societe Medicale 
d'Emulation, the Socitte de Medecine, the Royal 
Academy of Medicine, and the Societe Medicale 
d'Observation, of Paris ; the Medico-Chirurgical 
Academy of Vienna; the Medical Societies of 
Berlin and Copenhagen, Ac., Ac. In Asia.- 
The Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta. 
Valuable medical essays are likewise contained 
in the published Transactions of the American 
Philosophical Society ; of the Royal Societies of 
London, Edinburgh, Gottingen, Ac.; of the Royal 
Academy of Sciences of Paris; the Imperial 
Society of Sciences of St. Petersburg; the Royal 
Academy of Sciences of Turin ; the Academia 
Imperialis Leopoldina Natures Curiosorum, Ac. 
SOCORDIA, Hallucination. 
SODA. An Arabic word. Protox'ide of so- 
dium, (F.) Sburfe, is obtained by adding caustic 
lime to a solution of carbonate of soda. The 
soda in solution may be obtained by evaporation 
as hydrate of soda. Its action is like that of 
potassa; but it is not officinal. 
Soda impu'ra, Barilla, Burig'lia, Baril'lor, 
Soda Hispan'ica, Ana'tron, Natron, Ana'ton, 
Nitrum Antique'rum, Kelp, Aphroni'trnm, Sal 
ulkali'nus f.cus fos'silis, Car'bonas Sodee im'pu- 
rus, Subcar'bonas Soda impu'ra, Anachrou. The 
mineral alkali is obtained from several sources; 
- naturally, in Egypt: artificially, from the in- 
cineration of marine plants; and from the de- 
composition of sulphate of soda, Ac. it is prin- 
cipally, however, derived from plants growing on 
the sea-coast; - as the Salso'la sati'va, S. soda, 
S. tragus, Salicor'nia herba'cea, Salicornia Arab'- 
ica, Ac. The Barilla ashes are from the ashe» SODA 
of the Salicor'nia Europce'a: the Kelp, Soude de 
Varecq, from the Fucus vesiculo'sun and other 
varieties;-the Turkey Barilla, Roq'uette, Cendre 
du Levant, Rochet'ta Alexandri'na, from the Me- 
sembryan'themum Gop'ticum;-the Al'leant Ba- 
rilla, Soda Alicanti'na, S. Alonen'sis, from the 
Mesembryan'themum nodifio'rum ;-and the Car- 
thage' na Barilla, from the Salicor'nia and Sal- 
so'la. 
Impure subcarbonate of soda, (F.) Soude du 
commerce, consists of subcarbonate of soda, pot- 
ash, chloride of sodium, clay and other earthy 
substances. It is chiefly used for preparing the 
pure subcarbonate. 
Soda, Cardialgia, Cephalalgia, Pyrosis. 
Soda Aceta'ta, Sodae Ace'tas, Ac"etate of 
Soda, Terra folia'ta minera'lis, (F.) Acetate de 
soude. This salt is used in similar cases with the 
acetate of potass. 
Soda Aerata, Sodae carbonas - s. Alonensis, 
Soda - s. Biborate of, Borax-s. Bicarbonate of, 
Sodae carbonas-s. Borate of, Borax-s. Borax- 
ata, Borax. 
Soda, Car'bonate of, Sodae Car'bonas, Car- 
bonas Na'tricum, Soda Aera'ta, Sodae Bicar'- 
bonas, Bicar'bonate of Soda, Carbonate of pro- 
tox'ide of So'dium, (F.) Carbonate de Soude, 
S. effervescente, S. aerie, S. Cray euse. (Sodae 
subcarb, Ibj, aquae destill. Oiij. Dissolve the 
subcarbonate of soda, and pass carbonic acid 
through the solution; set it aside to crystallize.) 
Its use is the same as the subcarbonate, than 
which it is less caustic, and better adapted for 
effervescing draughts. 
Soda Cau'stica, Protox'ide of So'dium, Caus- 
tic Soda, (F.) Soude caustique, S. <1 la Chaux, 
Soude pure. The impure subcarbonate, treated 
by quicklime, and consequently deprived of its 
carbonic acid. It may be used as a caustic, like 
the Potassa fusa, and is even preferable to it, as 
it docs not deliquesce and run. 
Soda, Chloride of, S. Chlorina'ta, Sodae Chlo'- 
ridum, Chlo'rinated Soda, Natrum Oxymuriat'- 
icum, Sodae Chlorure' turn, Oxymu'riate of Soda, 
(F.) Chlorure de Soude, Chlorure d'oxide de So- 
dium. This salt is used as a disinfecting agent; 
both to remove offensive smells in chambers, and 
to alter the condition of fetid ulcers. See Liquor 
Sodae Chlorinatae. 
Soda, Chlorinated, Soda, chloride of-s. 
Hispanica, Soda-s. Hydrochlorate of, Soda, 
muriate of. 
Soda, IIyposulph'ite of, Sodae hyposulph'is, 
(F.) Hyposulfite de Soude. This salt has been 
lately extolled in chronic cutaneous, and scrofu- 
lous affections. It is given in syrup. 
Soda, Lithate of, Urate of soda-s. Mephite 
of, Soda, subcarbonate of. 
Soda, Mu'riate of, Sodae murias, Soda mu- 
ria'ta, S. muriat'ica, Al'kali mincra'le sali'num, 
Sal commu'nis, Sal culina'ris, Sal fon'tium, Sal 
gemmae, Sal mari'nus, Natron muria'tum, Sal 
albus, Natrum muriat'icum, Common salt, Sea 
salt, Hydrochlo'rinas Na'tricus, Sal fos'silis, Sal 
lu'cidum, Nuria, Rock salt, Bay salt, White salt, 
Quadrichlo'ruret of Sodium, Hydrochlo'rate of pro- 
tox'ide of Sodium, Hydrochlo'rate of Soda, Chlo- 
rure'tum So'dii, So'dii Chlo'ridum, Chloride of So- 
dium, (F.) Chlorure de Sodium, Sei marin, Sei de 
Cuisine. In an impure state, this salt is one of 
the most abundant of natural productions. It 
is soluble in 3 parts of water, and is tonic, pur- 
gative, and anthelmintic. Externally, stimulant. 
It is a well-known and useful culinary substance. 
Soda, Nitrate of, Sodae Nitras, Natron ni'- 
tricum, Al'kali minera'le nitra'tum, Nitrum Cu'- 
bicum, Nitrate of protox'ide of Sodium, Protoni'- 
794 
SODA 
trate of Sodium, Nitrum Rhomboida'le, Nitrae 
Natricum, Salpe'tra, Cubic Nitre. Its virtues are 
similar to those of the nitrate of potass, for 
which it has been substituted. 
Soda, Oxymuriate of, Soda, chloride of. 
Soda, Phosphate of, & Phosphora'ta, Soda 
phos'phas, Subphosphate of protox' ide of Sodium, 
Phosphas Na'tricum, Natrum Oxyphosphoro'des, 
Subprotophosphate of Sodium, Subphos'phate of 
Soda, Sal mirab'ile perla'tum, Triba'sic phos- 
phate of Soda, Alkali minera'le phosphora'tum, 
Tasteless purging salt, (F.) Phosphate de Soude, 
Sei admirable perle. (Bone burnt to whiteness 
and powdered, tbx; Sulphuric acid, tbvj ; Car- 
bonate of soda, q. s. Mix the bone with the 
acid in a covered vessel, add a gallon of water, 
and stir. Digest for three days, occasionally 
adding a little water to that lost by evaporation, 
and frequently stirring the mixture. Pour in 
now a gallon of boiling water, and strain through 
linen, gradually adding more boiling water, until 
the liquor passes nearly tasteless. Set the strained 
liquor by, that the dregs may subside ; from which 
pour off the clear solution, and boil down to a gal- 
lon. To this solution, poured off' from the dregs 
and heated in an iron vessel, add by degrees the 
carbonate of soda previously dissolved in hot 
water, until effervescence ceases, and the phos- 
phoric acid is completely neutralized; then filter 
the liquor, and set it aside to crystallize. Having 
removed the crystals, add, if necessary, a small 
quantity of carbonate of soda to the liquor, so as 
to render it slightly alkaline; then alternately 
evaporate and crystallize so long as crystals are 
produced. Lastly, preserve the crystals in a well 
stopped bottle.-Ph. U. S.) Cathartic, in the dose 
of from §ss to §j. 
Soda, Phosphate of, tribasic, S. Phosphate 
of. 
Soda, Subcarb'onate of, Soda Subcarbonas, 
Soda Carbonas (Ph. U. S.), Subcarbonate of pro- 
tox'ide of Sodium, Memphite of Soda, Natron 
prapara'tum, Sal Soda, Salt of Soda, Flos Salis, 
Sagi'men Vitri, Salt of Baril'la, Sal al'kali, Car- 
bonas Soda of some, (F.) Sous-carbonate de Soude. 
The impure subcarbonate, dissolved in water; 
the solution filtered and crystallized. Soluble in 
two parts of water at 60°. It is much used as 
an antacid; and also as a deobstruent in scrofu- 
lous and other affections. Dose, gr. x to £ss. 
The dried Subcar'bonate of Soda, Soda Sub- 
car'bonas exsiccata, Soda carbonas exsicca'tus, 
(Ph. U. S.) Carbonas Soda sicca'tum, (F.) Sous- 
carbonate de Soude desseche, is employed as an 
antacid and litliontriptic. Dose, gr. x to xv. 
Soda, Subphosphate of, S. phosphate of. 
Soda, SuLphate of, Sodoe Sulphas, Natron 
vitriola'tum, Sal cathar'ticus Glaube'ri, Al'cali 
minera'le sulphu'ricum, Natrum sulphu'ricum, 
Soda vitriola'ta, Sulphas na'tricus, Sal mirab'- 
ilis Glaube'ri, Ape'rient Salt of Frederick, Glau- 
ber's Salts, (F.) Sulfate de Soude. Obtained from 
the salt that remains after the distillation of mu- 
riatic acid; the superabundant acid being satu- 
rated with subcarbonate of soda. It is soluble in 
three parts of water at 60°; is purgative, and, 
in small doses, diuretic. Dose, Jvj to £x. 
The Lymington Glauber's Salts is a Sulphate 
of Magnesia and Soda, and is obtained from the 
mother liquor of sea-water, or by dissolving Ep- 
som salt in a solution of Glauber's salt. 
Soda, Tartrate of, Tartrate of potass and 
Soda, Soda Tartariza'ta, Tar'tarized Soda, Sal 
Rupellen'sis, Rochelle Salt, Sal Polychres'turn 
Seignet'ti, S. Seignetti, Seignette's Salt, Natron 
tartariza'tum, Tartris potas'sce et Soda, Soda et 
Potas'sa Tartras (Ph. U. S.), Soda potassio-tar- 
tras, Tartras Potas'sa et Sodoe, Tartrate de po- SODII 
tasse et de Soudt. (Soda carb. tt)i; potass, bitart. 
in pulv. Aq. bullient. Ov. Dissolve the 
carbonate in water; and add, gradually, the 
bitartrate. Filter the solution and crystallize, 
Ph. U. S.) It is a gentle cathartic. Dose, 
to 3j. 
Soda, Urate of, Urate of Soda - s. Vitrio- 
lata, S. sulphate of-s. Water, Acidulous water, 
simple. 
SodtE Acetas, Soda, acetate of - s. Biboras, 
Borax - s. Biearbonas, Soda, carbonate of-s- 
Boras, Borax - s. Boras alcalescens, Borax - s- 
Boras supersaturus, Borax - s. Carbonas, Soda 
- s. Carbonas, Soda, subcarbonate of-s. Car- 
bonas exsiccatus, see Soda, subcarbonate of-s. 
Carbonas impurus, Soda-s. Chloras, Soda, chlo- 
rate of-s. Hyposulphis, Hyposulphite of soda 
-s. Murias, Soda, muriate of-s. Nitras, Soda, 
nitrate of-s. Phosphas, Soda, phosphate of-s. 
et Potassae tartras, Soda, tartrate of-s. Potassio- 
tartras Soda, tartrate of- s. Subboras, Borax - 
s. Subcarbonas impura, Soda. 
SODII AURO-TERCIILORIDUM, see Gold 
- s. Chloriduin, Soda, muriate of - s. Chlorure- 
tuin, Soda, muriate of. 
SO'DIUM, Na'trium, Natro'nium. The metal- 
lic basis of soda. 
Sodium, Carbonate of Protoxide of, Sodae 
Carbonas - s. Chloride of, Soda, muriate of-«. 
Chlorure de, Soda, muriate of-s. Chlorwe d' Ox- 
ide de, Soda, chloride of - s. Protonitrate of, 
Soda, nitrate of-s. Protoxide of, Soda-s. Pro- 
toxide of, hydrochlorate of, Soda, muriate of-s. 
Protoxide of, nitrate of, Soda, nitrate of-s. Pro- 
toxide of, phosphate of, Soda, phosphate of-s. 
Protoxide of, subcarbonate of, Soda, subcarbonate 
of-s. Quadri-chloruret of, Soda, muriate of- 
s. Subborate of protoxide of, Borax-s. Subproto- 
borate of, Borax-s. Subprotophosphate of, Soda, 
phosphate of. 
SODOMA GALLORUM, Syphilis. 
SODOMIA, Buggery. 
SODOMY, Buggery. 
SOFTENING, Mollifies. 
SOI-POUR-SOI, Homceozygy. 
SO IE, Sericum. 
SO IF, Thirst-s. Excessive, Polydipsia. 
SOL, Gold. 
SOL-LUNAR, Sol-luna'ris; from sol, 'the 
sun,' and luna, 'the moon.' An epithet applied 
to a fancied influence exerted by the sun and 
moon on man in a state of health and disease. 
SOLAMEN INTEST I NORUM, Pimpinella 
anisum-s. Scabiosorum, Fumaria. 
SOL'ANOID, Solanoi'des; from solanum, 'the 
potato,' and ubos, 'resemblance.' Resembling a 
potato; potato-like. An epithet applied to a 
form of cancer, which appears to be intermediate 
between scirrhus and encephaloid, increasing 
more rapidly than the former, yet approaching 
it in firmness. 
SOLA'NUM, N. nigrum seu vulga're seu vulga'- 
tum, Common Nightshade, Garden Nightshade, 
(F.) Morelle fruit noir. Family, Solaneae. 
jS'e.r. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. A narcotic 
poison. The Haile de Morelle is made, by ma- 
cerating in oil, for several days, the leaves and 
frnit of this plant. The oil is anodyne and dis- 
cutient. 
Solanum Dulcama'ra, Dulcamara, D. flexuo'- 
ea, Solanum Scandens, Glycipi'cros, Ama'ra dulcis, 
Solanum ligno'sum, 'S.rpvxyof of Theophrastus, 
Bittersweet, Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet Night- 
shade, Bittersweet Vine, Nightshade Vine, Violet 
bloom, (F.) Douce-amire, Morelle grimpante. The 
taste of the stalks is bitter, followed by sweet- 
795 
SOLDIER'S WEED 
ness; hence its name. It has been usedin many 
diseases, as a diuretic and sudorific, especially in 
chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, dropsy, 
various skin diseases, scrofula, and jaundice. 
Dose, in powder, 3.1 S- 
Solanum Esculentum, S. tuberosum - s. Foe- 
tidum, Datura stramonium-s. Furiosum, Atropa 
belladonna-s. Humboldtii, S. Lycopersicum - 
s. Lethale, Atropa belladonna - s. Lignosum, S. 
dulcamara. 
Solanum Lycoper'sicum ; Lycoper'sicon escu- 
lent' urn, Lycoper'sicum pomum amo'ris, S. Hum- 
bold'tii seu pseudolycoper'sicum, Malum lycoper'- 
sicum, Love-apple plant. The fruit of this, called 
Toma'ta or Love-apple, (F.) Pomme d'Amour, is 
much eaten in the'United States; and, with the 
French, Spaniards, Portuguese, <fcc., forms an es- 
teemed sauce. 
Solanum Magnum Virginianum Rubrum, Phy- 
tolacca decandra - s. Maniacum, Atropa bella- 
donna, Datura stramonium - s. Melanocerasus, 
Atropa belladonna. 
Solanum Melon'gena, Melongena, Egg-plant, 
Mud Apple plant ; (F.) Aubergine. A native of 
Asia, Africa, and America. Its oblong, egg- 
shaped fruit, Ponum Melon'gen<e, Malum insa'- 
num, is prepared in soups and sauces in those 
countries, like the tomata. 
Solanum Nigrum, Solanum. 
Solanum Niv'eum. A South African plant, 
the leaves of which, applied to foul ulcers, cleanse 
them. The fresh juice of the berries and leaves, 
made into an ointment with lard or fat, is used 
by the farmers for the same purpose. 
Solanum Parmenterii, S. tuberosum - s. 
Pseudolycopersicum, S. Lycopersicum - s. Qua- 
drifolium, Paris - s. Racemosum Americanum, 
Phytolacca decandra. 
Solanum Sanctum ; Palestine Nightshade. 
The fruit of this is globular, and is much eaten 
in the countries where it is a native. 
Solanum Scandens, S. Dulcamara. 
Solanum Tuberos'um, Bata'bas, Solanum es- 
culen'tum seu Parmente'rii, Lycoper'sicum tubero'- 
sum, Papas America'nus, Pappus America'nus, 
America'num Tubero'sum, llatta'ta Virginia'na; 
the Pota'to, (F.) Pomme de Terre. A native of 
Peru. A nutritious and wholesome vegetable; 
one of the most useful, indeed, that exists. One 
hundred pounds of potatoes afford ten pounds of 
starch, which is equal to arrow-root, as a nutrient 
and demulcent. It is called Potato Flour, P. 
Starch, French Sago, Petit Sague, Common Arrow- 
root, &c. 
Solanum Urens, Capsicum annuum- s. Vesi- 
carium, Physalis-s. Vulgare, Solatium. 
SOLAR, Sola'ris, from sol, 'the sun? Relating 
to the sun ; having rays like the sun. 
Solar Plexus, Plexus sola'ris, Centrum com- 
mu'ne, Cer'ebrum abdomina'le. A collection of 
ganglions and filaments, interweaving and anas- 
tomosing with each other repeatedly, and belong- 
ing to the system of the great sympathetic. This 
vast plexus, lying on the vertebral column, the 
aorta, and the pillars of the diaphragm, has a 
very irregular shape. The ganglions and fila- 
ments composing it are soft, reddish, and almost 
all issue from the semilunar ganglions. It re- 
ceives, also, branches from the pneumogastric. 
It seems to be chiefly intended for the aorta, and 
accompanies all its branches; furnishing many 
secondary plexuses, which are called the infra- 
diaphragmatic, cceliac, superior mesenteric, in- 
ferior mesenteric, renal or emulgent, spermatic, 
&c. 
SOLDANELLA, Convolvulus soldanella. 
SOLDIER'S WEED, Matico. BOLE 
SOLE, Solum, Solea, Basis cor'poris, Ichnus, 
Superfic"ies planta'ris pedis, Peti'na, Vestig"ium, 
Pe'dion, Peza, Pelma, Planta'ris superficies pedis, 
Fa'cies conca'va seu infe'rior seu Planum seu 
Concavum seu Pars inferior seu Planit"ies seu 
Planta seu Vola pedis, (F.) Plante du Pied. The 
sole of the foot; the under surface of the foot. 
SOLEA, Sole - s. Ipecacuanha, see Ipecacu- 
anha. 
SOLE AIRE, Soleus. 
SOLEN, Cradle, see Vertebral column. 
SOLENA'RIUM, from awXrjv, ' a canal.' An 
instrument of surgery, representing a kind of 
gutter, in the cavity of which the penis was 
placed, like a limb in a cradle. - Galen. The 
word Solen itself-awXijv, Cana'lis-was used, in 
antiquity, for a grooved channel, in which a frac- 
tured limb was placed. 
SOLENOSTEMMA ARGEL, Cynanchum 
oleaefolium. 
SOLE'US, Gastrocne'mius inter'nus, Tibiocal- 
canien, (Ch.;) (F.) Soleaire, from solea, 'a sole 
of a shoe.' A muscle situate at the posterior part 
of the leg. It is broad, flat, and almost oval; 
and is attached, above, to the posterior edge of 
the fibula, to the oblique line on the posterior 
surface, and to the inner edge of the tibia. It 
terminates, below, by a large tendon, which unites 
to that of the gastrocnemius externus, to form the 
tendo Achillis. This muscle extends the foot on 
the leg, and conversely. 
SOLID, Sol'idus, Ste'reos. A body whose in- 
tegrant molecules are so united by the force of 
cohesion, that they will not separate by their own 
weight. The solids, in the human body, are the 
bones, cartilages, tendons, muscles, ligaments, 
arteries, veins, nerves, membranes, skin, <fcc. The 
anatomy, or rather study of the solids, is called 
Stereol'ogy, from artpcoj, ' solid,' and Xoyoj, ' a 
discourse.' 
SOLIDAGO, see Solidago virgaurea-s. Sara- 
cenica, S. virgaurea. 
Solida'go Rig"ida, Rigid Goldenrod, Bones' 
styptic; indigenous; of the Composite family, 
flowering in August and September; is astringent 
and tonic. 
Solida'go Virgau'rea, S. vulga'ris seu Sara- 
cen'ica, Virga aurea, Herba do'rea, Cony'za coma 
aurea, Sym'phytum Petree'urn, Elichry'sum, Con- 
sol'ida seu Saracen'ica, Golden rod. Nat. Ord. 
Composites Corymbifera?. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia 
superflua. (F.) Verge d'or. The leaves of Soli- 
da'go odo'ra - Solida'go (Ph. U. S.) - and the 
flowers have been recommended as aperients and 
tonics, in urinary diseases, and in internal hemor- 
rhage. 
Solidago Vulgaris, S. virgaurea. 
SOL'IDISM, Patbolog"ia solida'ris. The doc- 
trine of those physicians who refer all diseases to 
alterations of the solid parts of the body. To the 
believers in this doctrine, the appellation Sol'id- 
ists has been given. The solidists think that the 
solids alone are endowed with vital properties ; 
that they alone can receive the impression of 
morbific agents, and be the seat of pathological 
phenomena. Solidism has been the prevalent 
doctrine. It is scarcely necessary to say, that in 
all our investigations, the condition of both solids 
and fluids must be regarded. 
SOLIUM, Baignoire, Taenia solium-s. Pedis, 
Metatarsus. 
SOLUBIL'ITY, SolubiVitas, from solvere, so- 
lutum, ' to dissolve.' That property of a body by 
virtue of which it can be dissolved in a men- 
struum. 
796 
SOLUTION 
TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF SOME SUBSTANCES 
IN WATER. 
NAMES OF SALTS. 
Solubility in 100 
parts water. 
at 60° 
at212° 
Acids. 
Benzoic 
0.208 
4.17 
Citric 
133 
200 
Oxalic 
50 
100 
Tartaric 
very soluble 
Sa/ts. 
Acetate of Potassa 
100 
Soda 
35 
Bitartrate of Potassa 
1.5 
3.3 
Borate of Soda 
8.4 
16.8 
Carbonate of Ammonia 
50 
Magnesia 
2 
Potassa 
25 
Soda 
50 
Chlorate of Potassa 
6 
40 
Soda 
35 
35 
Chloride of Lime 
200 
Magnesium 
100 
Potassium 
33 
Sodium 
35.42 
36.16 
Muriate of Ammonia 
33 
100 
Nitrate of Potassa 
14.25 
100 
Soda 
33 
100 
Phosphate of Soda 
25 
50 
Sulphate of Ammonia 
50 
100 
Copper 
25 
50 
Iron 
50 
100 
Magnesia 
100 
133 
Potassa 
6.25 
20 
Soda 
37 
125 
Supersulphate of Potassa 
5.0 
100 
Tartrate of Potassa 
25 
Potassa and Soda.... 
20 
Antimony & Potassa. 
6.6 
33 
SOLUM, Sole. 
SOLUTE, Solution. 
SOLUTIO, Solution - s. Alexiteria Gaubiana, 
see Disinfection - s. Ammonite subcarbonatis, 
Liquor ammonias subcarbonatis - s. Arsenicalis, 
Liquor arsenicalis-s. Arsenicata, Liquor arseni- 
calis-s. Arsenitis kalicae, Liquor arsenicalis - s. 
Calcis, Liquor calcis - s. Camphoras aetherea, 
Tinctura aetherea camphorata-s. Camphorm 
oleosa, Linimentum camphone - s. Continui, So- 
lution of continuity - s. Ferri nitratis, Liquor 
Ferri nitratis - s. Guaiaci gummosa, Mistura 
guaiaci - s. Muriatis barytae, Baryta, muriate of 
- s. Muriatis calcis, see Calcis murias - s. Muri- 
atis ferrici aetherea, Tinctura seu alcohol sulfu- 
rico-aethereus ferri-s. Muriatis hydrargyri oxy- 
genati, Liquor hydrargyri oxymuriatis-s. Potas- 
sii iodidi iodureta, Liquor iodini compositus - s. 
Resina; guaiaci aquosa, Mistura guaiaci-s. Sub- 
carbonatis ammoniaci spirituosa, Spiritus ammo- 
niae. 
Solutio Sulpha'tis Cupri Compos'ita, Aqua 
vitriol'ica coBru'lea, Sydenham's Styptic Water. 
(Sulph. cupri, alum., acid, sulph., aa 5ij, 
aqua, : dissolve, and filter.) A styptic, and, 
largely diluted, an astringent collyrium. 
SOLU'TION, Solu'tio, Lysis, (F.) Dissolution. 
An operation which consists in dissolving a solid 
body in a menstruum. Likewise, the product of 
such operation-Solu'tum, (F.) Solute. It means, 
also, with many, the termination of a disease : - 
with others, a termination accompanied by critical 
signs;-and, with others, again, it is synonymous 
with crisis. 
Solution of Acetate of Ammonia, Liquor 
ammonias acetatis - s. of Acetate of morphia, 
Liquor morphiae acetatis - s. Alkaline, see Fuli- 
gokali - s. of Alkaline iron, Liquor ferri alkalini 
- s. of Alum, compound, Liquor aluminis com- 
positus- s. of Ammoniated copper, Liquor cupri 
ammoniati - s. Arsenical, Liquor arsenicalis - s. 
of Charcoal, concentrated, see Tinctura catechu SOLUTIVUS 
-8. of Chlorinated soda, Liquor sodae clilorinatae 
-s. of Citrate of magnesia, see Magnesias eitras 
-s. of Citrate of potassa, Liquor potassae citratis 
-s. of Continuity, see Continuity-s. of Corrosive 
sublimate, Liquor hydrargyri oxyjnuriatis - s. 
Donovan's, see Arsenic and Mercury, Iodide of 
- s. Fowler's, Liquor arsenicalis - s. of Hydrio- 
date of potass, Liquor potassae hydriodatis - s. 
of Iodide of iron, Liquor ferri iodidi-s. of Iodine, 
compound, Liquor iodini composites-s. of Iron, 
nitrated, see Tinctura ferri muriatis - s. Labar- 
raque's Eau de Javelle-s. of Lime, Liquor calcis 
- s. Lugol's, Liquor iodini compositus - s. of 
Magnesia, condensed, Magnesia, fluid - s. of 
Monro, Liquor of Monro - s. of Nitrate of iron, 
Liquor ferri nitratis - s. of Oxymuriate of mer- 
cury, Liquor hydrargyri oxymurintis-s. Plenck's, 
see Hydrargyri oxydum cinereum-s. de Potasse, 
Liquor potassae-s. of Potassa, Liquor potassae- 
s. of Sesquinitrate of iron, Liquor ferri nitratis-s. 
of Subacetate of Lead, Liquor plumbi subacetatis 
-s. of Subacetate of lead, diluted, Liquor plumbi 
subacetatis dilutus-s. of Subcarbonate of potass, 
Liquor potassae subcarbonatis-s. of Sulphate of 
morphia, Liquor morphias sulphatis-s. of Tartar- 
ized antimony, Vinum antimonii tartarizati-s. of 
Ternitrate of sesquioxide of iron, Liquor ferri ni- 
tis - s. of Van Swieten, Liquor hydrargyri oxy- 
muriatis. 
SOLUTIVUS, Laxative. 
SOLUTUM, Solution. 
SOL VENS, Solvent - s. Minerale, Liquor ar- 
senicalis. 
SOLVENT, Solvent, (F.) Fondant, from solvere, 
' to dissolve.' A medicine supposed to possess 
the property of dissolving or removing obstruc- 
tions and extraneous substances. Thus we have 
solvents of the stone in the bladder, <fcc. See 
Dissolventia. 
Solvent, Mineral, Liquor arsenicalis. 
SOMA, Body, Corpus. 
SOMACETICS, Gymnastics. 
SOMAT'IC, Somat'icus; from awya, 'thebody.' 
That which concerns the body ;-as somatic death, 
or death of the body, in contradistinction to 
molecular death or the death of a part. 
SOMATODYM'IA, from dw/iu, aia/iaros, ' the 
body,' and ivu>, ' I enter into.' A double mon- 
strosity in which the trunks are united. Of this, 
there are several varieties; - Vertebrodym'ia, 
where the union is by the vertebrae ; Ischiodym'ia, 
by the ossa ischii; Sternodym'ia, by the sternum; 
Supraomphalodym'ia, (F.) Sus-omphalodymie, by 
the super-umbilical regions ; Supra et infra-om- 
phalodymia, by the superior and inferior um- 
bilical regions; and Sterno-omphalodym'ia, where 
the union is by both the sternal and the umbili- 
cal regions. - Cruveilhier. 
SOMATOL'OGY, Somatolog"ia, from owya, 
'the body,'and Xoyoj, ' a discourse.' A treatise 
on the human body. Anatomy. 
SOMATOTOMY, Anatomy. 
SOMMEIL, Sleep. 
SOMNAMBULATION, Somnambulism. 
SOMNAM'BULISM, Somnambula'tio, Hypno- 
bate'sis, Hypnobata'sis, Hypnobati'a, Ehembas'- 
mus, Luna tit'mus, Hypnoner'gia, Selenoga'mia, 
Nyctobate'sis, Autonyctobati'a, Seleni'asis, Selen- 
ias'mus, Somnambulis' mus, Nyctob'asis, Noctam- 
bula'tio, Noctambulis'mus, Nyctoba'dia, Nyctoba'- 
tia, Siph'ita, Sypb'ita, Paroni'ria am'bulans, 
jNoctisur'giuin, Oneirodyn'ia acti'va, Somno-vigil, 
Somnambula'tion, Sleep-walking, from somnus, 
'sleep,' and ambulare, 'to walk.' A condition of 
the brain which occasions the individual to exe- 
cute, during sleep, some of those actions that 
commonly take place when awake. It has been 
imagined that the somnambulist is guided solely 
797 
SONDE 
by his internal senses ; but there are many facts 
which induce the belief that the external senses 
are not always entirely suspended. The causes 
of somnambulism are very obscure; and the prin- 
cipal indication of treatment is, - so to arrange 
the bed-chamber of the somnambulist, that he 
cannot get out of it during sleep; and to avoid sup- 
pers, as well as all bodily and mental excitement. 
Somnambulism,Magnetic Mesmeric, or Arti- 
fic"ial, Somnambulic' musartifcia'lic, Cataph'ora 
magnet'ica, Hyp'notism, Somnip'athy, is that pe- 
culiar condition, into which individuals have been 
thrown by the Animal Magnetizer. It has oc- 
curred only in those of weak nervous tempera- 
ment; in hysterical females, Ac. 
SOM NAM B U LI S M U S, Somnambulism-s. 
Artificialis, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
SOMNAM'BULIST, Somnam'bulus, Hypnob'- 
ates, Noctam'bulus, Lunat'icus, Noctam'bulo, Som- 
nam'bulo. A sleep-walker. 
SOMNAMBULIS'TIC. Relating or apper- 
taining to somnambulism, - as the ' comnambu- 
lis'tic state.' 
SOMNAMBULO, Somnambulist. 
SOMNIA'TIO, from comnium, 'a dream.' The 
act of dreaming. 
Somniatio Morbosa, Oneironosus-s. in Statu 
Vigili, Hallucination. 
SOMNIF'EROUS, Som'nifer, Sopor'ifer, Hyp- 
not'icus, Hypnopoe'uc, Soporati'vus, Soporific, 
Soporif erotic. A medicine which causes sleep. 
SOMNIL'OQUIST ; same etymon as the next. 
One who talks in his sleep. 
SOMNILO'QUIUM, Somniloquis'mus, Somnil'- 
oquism, from comnus, 'sleep,' and loquor, 'I 
speak.' Talking in the sleep. 
SOMNOPATHY, Somnambulism, magnetic. 
SOM'NIUM, Enyp'nion, Incom'nium, a Dream, 
(F.) Here, Songe. A confused assemblage, or 
accidental and involuntary combination of ideas 
and images, which present themselves to the 
mind during sleep. Dr. S. Mitchell, of New York, 
used the word Somnium to signify the state be- 
tween sleeping and waking, in which persona 
perform acts of which they are unconscious. 
For ' waking dreams,' see Hallucination. 
Those distressing dreams which occur during 
a state of half sleep, are called, by the French, 
Revasseries. 
SOMNO-VIGIL, Somnambulism. 
SOM'NOLENCY, Somnolen'tia, HypneBSthe'sic, 
Hypno'dia,Dormita'tio, Heav'iness,Carus Lethar'- 
gus Cataph'ora, Cataphora, Coma Somnolen'turn, 
Caro'gis, Slumber, (F.) Assoupissement. Sleepi- 
ness. Also a state intermediate between sleeping 
and waking. It is often a symptom of disease. 
SOMNUS, Sleep. 
SOMPNUS, Sleep. 
SON, Furfur, Sound. 
SONCHUS, S. Olera'ceus, Hiera'cium olera'- 
ceum, Cicer'bita, Sow Thistle, (F.) Laiteron doux. 
Family, Cichoraceae. Most of the species of Son- 
chus abound with a milky juice, which is very 
bitter, and said to possess diuretic virtues. 
Sonchus Floridanus, Mulgedium Florida- 
num. 
SONDE, Sound, Specillum - c. Cannite, Di- 
rector. 
SONDE D'ANEL. A very fine stylet of sil- 
ver, awl-shaped at one end. It is used for pro- 
bing the lachrymal passages through the punc- 
tual lacrymale. 
SONDE DE BELLOC. An instrument in- 
vented by Belloc for plugging the nasal fossae, 
in cases of hemorrhage. It consists of a curved 
silver canula, open At both ends, and furnished 
with a button. The instrument is passed through 
the nares to the throat; and a plug is attached SONDE 
to the button, so that, when the instrument is 
drawn forwards through the nose, the posterior 
nostril is stopped. 
SONDE (F.), Eyed probe. A long, 
straight stylet, composed of two parts, which may 
he screwed to each other; blunt at one end, and 
furnished at the other with an eye, so that it may 
be used either as a probe for punctured wounds, 
or for a seton needle. 
SONDE 1 CONDUCTEUR, (F.) A modifi- 
cation of the ordinary catheter;-to facilitate the 
changing of catheters, without the fear of making 
false passages. It is a common catheter, open at 
its beak. The Stylet or Mandrin is one half 
longer than that of the ordinary catheter. To 
use the instrument, the stylet is pushed into the 
cavity of the bladder through the catheter. The 
latter is then withdrawn by slipping it over the 
stylet, which is kept in its place, and serves as a 
guide to a fresh catheter. 
SONDE A DARD, see Lithotomy (high ope- 
ration.) 
SONDE DE LAFOREST. A small, crooked 
canula, used for probing the nasal duct from be- 
low upwards, and for throwing injections into it. 
SONDE ou PINCE DE HUNTER. A cy- 
lindrical silver canula; of the size of a common 
catheter; open at both extremities, and contain- 
ing a wire of iron, one of the ends of which is 
split into two parts ; each being terminated by a 
small silver scoop, and separating from each other 
by virtue of their elasticity, when pushed out of 
the canula, and again approximating when drawn 
in. It has been used for laying hold of small 
calculi in the urethra. 
SONDE DE VARECQ, Soda. 
SONGE, Somnium. 
SONITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium - s. 
Fluidi, Ilygrechema - s. Ilepaticus, Hepateche- 
ma - s. Intestinalis, Enterechema - s. Stoma- 
chicus, Gasterechema. 
SONOROUS RHONCHUS, Rale tonore. 
SONUS, Sound-s. Vocis, Accent. 
SOOJA, see Dolichos. 
SOOJIE, RASTER'S, a farinaceous article 
of diet, is said to consist of wheat flour sweetened 
with sugar. 
SOOL, Gastroperiodynia. 
SOOT, Fuligo - s. Tea, see Fuligokali - s. 
Wart, Cancer, chimney-sweeper's. 
SOPHIA, Sisymbrium Sophia - s. Chirurgo- 
rum, Sisymbrium sophia. 
SOPHISTICATION, Falsification. 
SOPHO'RA HEPTAPHYL'LA, Anticholer'- 
ica. Family, Leguminosae. Sex. Syst. Decan- 
dria Monogynia. The root and seeds of this 
shrub are intensely bitter, and are said to have 
been found useful in cholera, colic, dysentery,&c. 
Sophora Tincto'ria, Baptie'ia tincto'ria, 
Podalyr' ia Tincto'ria, Indigofera, Wild In- 
digo, Indigo Weed, Broom, Indigo Broom, Hor»e- 
jly Weed, Yellow Broom, Clover Broom, Rattle 
Bush, Yellow Indigo. An American plant, the 
taste of whose root is unpleasant, sub-acrid, and 
nauseous - very similar to ipecacuanha. In a 
large dose, the bark of the root acts both as an 
emetic and cathartic. It has been considered 
antiseptic and febrifuge, and has been used, in 
the form of fomentation or cataplasm, in phage- 
denic and gangrenous ulcers. A liniment, pre- 
pared by simmering the cortical part of the root 
in cream, has been found an efficacious applica- 
tion to sore nipples and to ulcerated breasts. 
Baptie'ia Lenean'tha, Tall white falte Indigo, 
an indigenous plant, has the same properties. 
SOPHRONISTAS BENTES, see Dentition. 
798 
5 SORE 
SOPHRONISTERES DENTES, see Dentition. 
SOPHROSYNE, Temperance. 
SOPIENS, Paregoric. 
SOPIO, Opium. 
SOPOR. .A profound sleep, from which the 
person can be roused with difficulty. It is a 
symptom in many of the neuroses. 
Sopor Caroticus, Carus. 
SOPORARIA3 ARTERIJE, Carotids. 
SOPORATIVUS, Somniferous. 
SOPORIFEROUS, Somniferous. 
SOPORIFIC, Somniferous. 
SO'POROUS, So'porus, from sopor, 'sleep.' 
Sleepy : causing sleep. 
SORA, Essera. 
SORB TREE, Sorbus domestica. 
SORBASTRELLA, Pimpinella saxifrage. 
SORBEFA'CIENT, Sorbefa'ciens, from sor- 
bere, ' to suck in,' and facere, ' to make.' A 
remedy that promotes absorption. 
The following are the chief sorbefacients : - 
Acida Vegetabilia; Alkalia; Ammoniacum ; Bro- 
minum; Galbanum; Hydrargyri Praeparata; lo- 
dinum; Liquor Calcii chloridi; Spongia usta; 
Compression, (methodical;) Friction ; Mental 
Sorbefacients, (Imagination, Emotions.) 
SORBETHUM, Sherbet. 
SORBETTUM, Sherbet. 
SORBETUM, Sherbet. 
SORBIER DES OISELEURS, Sorbus acu- 
paria. 
SORBITIO, Jus. 
Sorbitio Carnis seu Ex Carne. Broth or 
soup made of meat. 
SORBITUM, Jus. 
SORBUM, see Sorbus domestica. 
SORBUS, Crataegus aria, S. domestica. 
Sorbus Acupa'ria, seu Aucuqia'ria, Mes'pilus, 
M. acupa'ria, Mountain Service, Mountain Ash, 
Quicken tree, Roan tree, (F.) Sorbier des Oise- 
leurs. The berries of this tree are employed for 
similar purposes as the last. 
Sorbus Alpina, Crataegus aria-s. Aria, Cra- 
taegus aria-s. Aucuparia, S. acuparia-s. Cydo- 
nia, Pyrus cydonia. 
Sorbus Domest'ica, Sorbus, Pyrus domes'tica, 
Mes'pilus domes'tica, Oie, Service or Sorb Tree, 
(F.) Cormier. Family, Rosstceae. Sex. Syst. 
Icosandria Trigynia. The fruit of this tree, Sor- 
bum,is astringent, and has been recommended in 
diarrhoea and dysentery. It is given in the form 
of rob. A kind of cider is made from it, and also 
brandy. 
Sorbus Malus, Pyrus malus. 
SORDES, Rhypos. A dirty-looking sanies, 
discharged from ulcers. Also, accumulations of 
the secretions of the mouth, on the teeth in ady- 
namic fevers more especially, and of foul matters 
in the stomach-Sordes prim'arum via'rum, Rhy- 
pa'ria. The French call an ulcer, exhibiting 
such an appearance, sordid. Also dirt of any 
kind. 
Sordes, Ichor, Saburra - s. Aeidse, Acidities 
- s. Aurium, Cerumen - s. Primarum viarum, 
Embarras gastrique, see Sordes - s. Ventris, Ex- 
crement. 
SORDICULAS AURIUM, Cerumen. 
SORE, Ulcer. 
Sore, Bay. A disease which Mosely considers 
to be a true cancer. It is endemic in the Bay 
of Honduras. 
Sore Mouth, Stomatitis - s. Clergyman's, 
Pharyngitis, follicular - s. Gangrejnous, Cancer 
aquaticus - s. Inflammatory, Cynanche tonsil- 
laris- s. Putrid, Cynanche maligna - s. Throat, 
Cynanche - s. Throat, tubercular, Pharyngitis, 
follicular - s Throat, ulcerous, Cynanche ma- 
ligna. SORENESS 
SORENESS, from Teut. seer, (G.) Sehr, 
'very,' Sax. )'ap, Parap'sis acris teneritu'do. 
Painful uneasiness or tenderness, local or gene- 
ral, on being touched with a pressure that does 
not usually excite distressing feeling. Often, a 
febrile symptom. Also, the tenderness of a 
wound, ulcer, &c. 
SORGHUM, Panicum Italicum. 
SOROCCO, Puna. 
SOROCHE, Puna. 
SORORIA'TIO. The period at which the 
breasts of the female become developed. The act 
of becoming thus developed. A young maiden, 
whose mammae begin to show, was formerly 
called sororians virqo. - Plautus. 
SORREL, COMMON, Rumex acetosa - s. 
French, Rumex scutatus - s. Garden, Rumex 
scutatus- s. Mountain, Oxalis acetosella, Oxy- 
ria reniformis - s. Salt of, Potass, oxalate of-s. 
Roman, Rumex scutatus - s. Tree, Andromeda 
arborea-s. White, Oxalis acetosella-s. Welsh, 
Oxyria reniformis. 
SOSTRUM, improperly Sotrum; from 
' to save.' A reward given to one who saves the 
life of another. A physician's fee or honorarium. 
SOTERIA DOCTRINA, Medicina. 
SOTERLE AQUA?, Waters, mineral. 
SOTIREL'LA. Ancient name of a medicine 
composed of opium, several narcotics, nutmeg, 
saffron, camphor and soot. It was used in cer- 
tain diseases of the teeth. 
SOTRUM, Sostrum. 
SOUBRESAUT, Subsultus tendinum. 
SOUCHERLOON, Bit noben. 
SOUCHET DES 1NDES, Curcuma longa - 
». Odorant, Cyperus longus-s. Rond, Cyperus 
rotundus. 
SOUCI, Calendula officinalis, Panophobia - 
». des Champs, Calendula arvensis-s. Ordinaire, 
Calendula officinalis. 
SO UDE, Soda - s. Acetate de, Soda, acetate 
of- s. Acre, Sod® carbonas - s. Borate de, Bo- 
rax-s. Borate sursature de, Borax-». Carbonate 
de, Sodae carbonas - s. Caustique, Soda caustica 
-s. <1 la Chaux, Soda Caustica-s. Chlorure de, 
Soda, chloride of-s. du Commerce, Soda - s. 
Crayeuse, Sodae carbonas-s. Effervescente, Sodae 
carbonas - «. Hyposulfite de. Soda, hyposulphite 
of-«. Phosphate de, Soda, phosphate of-s. et de 
Potasse, Tartrate de, Soda, tartrate of-s. Pure, 
Soda caustica-s. Sousborate de. Borax-s. Sous- 
carbonate de, Soda, subcarbonate of-s. Sulfate 
de, Soda, sulphate of. 
SOUFFLE, see Murmur, respiratory - s. Am- 
phorique, see Cavernous respiration - s. Mftal- 
lique, see Cavernous respiration-s. Placentaire, 
Bruit placentaire - s. Tubaire, see Murmur, re- 
spiratory-s. Utfrin, Bruit placentaire-s. Voilf, 
see Cavernous respiration. 
S0UF11E, Sulphur - s. [odure de, Sulphuris 
iodidum-s. Sublime, Sulphur sublimatum. 
SOUND, Specill'um, Stylus, Explorato'rium, 
Radi'olus, (F.) Sonde. An instrument used by 
surgeons to discover whether there be a stone in 
the bladder. It 'is usually made of highly po- 
lished steel, and is shaped like the catheter. The 
operation is termed sounding. 
The French Sonde has, however, a more ex- 
tensive signification. It means different instru- 
ments introduced into cavities of certain organs, 
or into wounds, fistulas, Ac., to investigate their 
conditiou, or to fulfil some therapeutical indica- 
tion. See Sonde. 
Sound, Sonus, Echos, Noise, (F.) Son, Bruit. 
The sensation produced on the auditory nerve by 
the vibrations of a sonorous body. Sounds may 
be propagated in three modes. 1. By reciproca'- 
tion or con'sununce, as when a sounding body, of 
799 
SPAGYRISTS 
a definite pitch, produces a musical tone when 
another body of the same pitch is sounded near 
it. 2. By res'onance, as when a. sounding body 
is placed in connection with another, one or more 
of whose parts may be thrown into reciprocal vi- 
bration ; and 3. By condnc'tion, as where the vi- 
brations aj-e transmitted through fluid, liquid, or 
solid media. 
Sound, Catheterize, S. Auricular, Apyromele- 
s. Bellows, friction, rasp, saw, lancet, Ac., see 
Bruit-s. Crumpling, pulmonary, Froissement 
pnlmonaire-s. Laryngeal, Laryngeche. 
SOUNDING, Searching, see Sound. 
SOUNDNESS OF MIND, Sanity. 
SOUP IB, Sigh. 
SOUR BERRY, see Oxycantha Galeni, Vacci- 
niuui oxycoccos - s. Dock, boreal, Oxyria reni- 
formis - S. Leaf, Andromeda arborea - s. Tree 
Andromeda arborea - s. Wood, Andromeda ar- 
borea. 
SOURCIL, Supercilium. 
SOURCILIER,*Corrugotot supercilii, Super- 
ciliary. 
SOURDS MUETS, see Mutitas surdorum. 
SOURIS, Nictation. 
SOUS-ACROMIO-CLA VI-HUMERAL. Del- 
toid- s. Atlo'idien, Subatloidasus - a. Axo'idien, 
Subaxoidreus-«. Clavier, Subclavius-a. Costaux, 
Intercostal - «. Cutani, Subcutaneous - «. Epi- 
neux, Infra-spinatus-«. Lingual, Sub-lingual-«. 
Maxillaire, Submaxillary - «. Maxilla- Labial, 
Depressor anguli oris-s. Mental, Submental - s. 
Metacarpo-lateri-phalangien, Prior annularis - s. 
Optico-spheno-acltroticien, Rectus inferior oculi- 
s. Orbitaire, Suborbitar-s. Pubio-coccygien, Le- 
vator ani-s. Pubio-crlti-tibial, Gracilis-«. Pu- 
bio-pretibial, Gracilis-8. Pubio-trockanterieu-ex- 
terne, Obturator externus-s. Pubio-trocbanterien- 
interne, Obturator internus - 8. Scapulaire, Sub- 
scapularis - s. Scapulo-trochinien, Subseapularis 
-8. Seis, see Salt. 
SOUTHERNWOOD, Artemisia abrotanum - 
s. Field, Artemisia campestris-s. Maritime, Ar- 
temisia maritima-s. Tartarian, Artemisia santo- 
nica. 
SOWBREAD, Arthanita, Cyclamen. 
SOWENS, Flummery. 
SOY, see Doliehos soja. 
SOYMIDA, Swietenia febrifuga. 
SPA, MINERAL WATERS OF. A town 
seven leagues southeast of Li6ge, where there 
are several springs, possessing a sharp acidulous 
taste ; containing much carbonic acid, carbonates 
of iron, lime, and magnesia; carbonate of soda, 
and chloride of sodium. The water is much used 
as a tonic. 
Spa Water, Artificial. Soda subcarb., gr. 
vij ; magnesia carbon., Qj ; Uniat, ferri., gr. iij ; 
sodii chlorid., gr. j ; aqua, Oiij. Impregnate 
with gas from marble poieder and snlph. acid., 
aa Qx. 
SPACE, INTERPEDUNCULAR, Tar'ni pons 
- s. Perforated, anterior, Locus perforatus anti- 
cus-s. Perforated, posterior, Tarini pons. 
SPADO, Castratus, Eunuch, Spasm. 
SPAGYRIA, Chymistry. 
SPAG"\ RISTS, from <nraw, ' I separate,'and 
aynpw, 'I assemble;' because they reduced com- 
pounds into elements, and formed the latter into 
compounds (?). A sect of physicians, who pre- 
tended to account for the changes that occur in 
the human body in health and disease, in the same 
manner as the chymists of their day explained 
those of the inorganic kingdom. - Medici'na. Pa- 
racelcis'tica scu Spagyr'ica, was likewise called 
Hermet'ica, because it was believed that th* SPANJEMIA 
r- 
means of cure adopted in it had been found in 
the books of Hermes. 
SPANAS'MIA, from avavos, 'poor/ and 'aipa, 
'blood.' Poverty of the blood. Diminution in 
the quantity of fibrin and red corpuscles of the 
blood, - as where bleeding has been carried be- 
yond certain limits.-Simon. 
SPANAJ'MIC, Spana'micum (remedium), Dys- 
plas'ticum, PlasGlyt'icum et erethilyt'icum, Ha- 
matolyt'icum, Dyscrasiacum. Same etymon as 
the last. Relating to spanaemia. 
A medicine whose protracted use is said to 
impoverish the blood,- as iodine, bromine, Ac. 
SPANDARAPUM, Sparadrapum. 
SPANISH FLY, Cantharis. 
SPANOPO'GON, from aravos, 'rare/ and ir»- 
ywv, 'beard.' One who has lost his beard, or has 
a thin beard. 
The Greeks called those who had little beard, 
or who had lost it, Spano pogo'nee. 
SPARADRAPA, Sparadrapum. 
SPARADRAPIER. The name of a machine 
for spreading sparadraps. A Plaater machine. 
It consists of a table, with two raised pieces, mo- 
vable, and furnished with points, by which the 
cloth can be stretched, and of a lamina or blade 
of metal to extend the plaster over it. 
SPARADRA'PUM, Sparadra'pa, Sparadra- 
pus, Tela emplaa'tica, Spandara'pum, (F.) Spa- 
radrap. Any adhesive plaster spread upon linen 
or paper. The chief sparadraps are the follow- 
ing :- 
Sparadrapum Adhassi'vum, Adhe'aive Plaater. 
A spread plaster of the Emplastrum adhasivum. 
It is also called Strapping. 
English Court Plaster is a Sparadrap, (F.) 
Taffetas agglutinatif, T. gommf, Tuffetas d'An- 
gleterre; Ser'icum An'glicum, Emplas'trum An- 
glicum, E. Anglica'num, E. Adhasi'vum Wood- 
stock' ii, E. Ichthyocolla tela indue'turn, E. Glu- 
tino'aum, Tela Ichthyocolla glu'tinana, Isinglass 
Plaster. It is made by stretching black silk, and 
brushing it over with a solution of isinglass 5j, 
in proof spirit to which tinct. benzoin 
are added. When dry, this is repeated five times; 
after this, two coats are given it of a solution of 
tereb. Chia §iv, 1® tinct. benz, jvj, which render 
it less liable to crack. 
Liston's Isinglass Plaater is made by spreading 
several coats of strong solution of isinglass in 
weak spirit over oiled silk, or, still better, over 
animal membrane previously prepared for the 
purpose from the peritoneal coat of the caecum of 
the ox. 
Sparadrapum pro Fontic'ulis, lasue Plaater, 
is sometimes made of simple diachylon, Tbij ; Bur- 
gundy pitch and aarcocolla, each ; common 
turpentine, £j. Spread upon linen and polished 
with a moistened calendering glass rubber. 
Sparadrapum seu Tela Galteri, Defensive 
Plaster, (F.) Toile de Gautier. This is made of 
olive oil, Ibss; suet, war, /jx; litharge, 
common turpentine, thus, and maetich, aa ; 
bole armeniac, flour, aa 5j. Pour it, while 
liquid, upon cloth, and spread. Used for issues 
and to keep on dressings. 
Sparadra'pum Vesicato'rium. Several sub- 
stances have been introduced as substitutes for 
blistering plaster, (see Emplastrum Lyttae,) 
the names, Tela vesicato'ria, Blistering Tissue, 
Ac., and other forms of which are the Taffetas 
vesicant, Papier epispastique, Charta vesicato'ria, 
Taffetas tpispastique. They are made of an 
ethereal or alcoholic extract of cantharides, or of 
canthcridin, mixed with wax and spread, in a 
very fine layer, on silk or paper previously oiled 
or waxed. They are efficient agents. 
800 
SPASJfE 
Sparabrapum Vir'ide, Corn Plaster. This 
may be made of yellow wax, Ibij ; Burgundy 
pitch, : common turpentine, 3vj j verdigris, 
; spread on cloth and polished. 
Kennedy's Corn Plaster is made of yellow wax, 
Ibj ; Venice turpentine, ; verdigris, 5j. 
SPARADRAPUS, Sparadrapum. 
SPARAGMA, Laceration. 
SPARAGMOS, Spasm. 
SPARAGUS, Asparagus. 
SPARAL'LIUM, Clyster uteri'nus. An injec- 
tion into the vagina.-Ruland and Johnson. 
SPAREDIA. A ligature covered with the 
white of egg.- Paracelsus. 
SPARGA'NIUM RAMO'SUM, Great Pur- 
reed. Indigenous; Order, Typhaceaa ; flowering 
in July and August. The roots are subastrin- 
gent, but esculent; yielding a fine fecula, simi- 
lar to salep. They are sometimes made into a 
poultice for inflamed mammae. 
SPAR'GANON, Spar'ganum, from avafya1, 'I 
swathe, 'I wrap.' 'Swathing clothes;' a kind 
of bandage, with which children were formerly 
surrounded.- Foesius. Also, a fascia. 
SPARGANO'SIS, Spargo'sis, Intumescen'tia 
lac'tea mamma'rum, Mastodyn'ia polyg'ala, from 
airapyaw, 'I am ready to burst.' Extreme disten- 
tion of the breasts by milk. Sparganosis also 
means the wrapping of a child in swathing clothes. 
Sparganosis Puerperarum, Phlegmatia do- 
lens. 
SPARGANUM, Sparganon. 
SPARROWGRASS, Asparagus. 
SPARSUS, Sporadic. 
SPAR'TIUM JUN'CEUM, Spanish broom. 
A small European shrub, cultivated in the gar- 
dens of the United States, on account of its yel- 
low flowers. The seeds are diuretic and tonic, 
in small doses; emetic and cathartic in large. 
They have been used in dropsy -10 or 15 grains 
three times a day. 
Spartium Scopa'rium, Cyt'isus scopa'rius, Ge- 
nis'ta, G. scopa'ria, Genis'ta hirsu'ta, Broom, Cy- 
tiso-genista, (F.) Ginet d, balai. Family, Legu- 
minosae. Sex. Syst. Diadelphia Decandria. Broom 
Tops, Spartii Cacumina, Scopa'rius, Ph. U. S.,) 
have a bitter taste, and are possessed of diuretic 
properties. They have been used in dropsies. 
Dose, of the powder, 7)j to 3j. All the genistae 
have similar virtues. A decoction of genista, 
along with the cauterization of the pustules under 
the tongue, has been recommended in hydro- 
phobia. 
Spartium Tinctorium, Genista tinctoria. 
SPASM, Spasmus, Sparag'mos, Synol'ce, Spado, 
from airaui, 'I draw.' The Greeks gave this name 
to all kinds of convulsions. It is now usually 
applied to involuntary muscular contractions; 
and these, agaiu, have been divided into tonio 
spasm, Paraton'ia, which consists in permanent 
rigidity and immobility of the muscles that are 
the seat of it (see Tetanus); and clonic spasm, 
which consists in alternate contractions and re- 
laxations (see Convulsion). 
Cullen has a class, Spasmi- the neurospasmi 
of Fuchs. 
Spasm, Clonic, Convulsion - s. Cynic, see Ca- 
nine laugh - s. of the Glottis, Asthma thymicum 
- s. of the Larynx, Asthma thymicum - s. with 
Rigidity, Tetanus. 
Spasm, Writers'. Involuntary spasms of the 
muscles of the thumb and index finger, observed, 
at times, in those who are much accustomed to 
writing. See Cramp, writers'. 
SPASMATICUS, Spasmoticus. 
SPASMATODES, Spasmoticus. 
SPASME, DE LA GLOTTE ET DU THO- SPASMI 
RAX, Asthma thymicum-«. de la Vessie, Cys- 
tospasmus. 
SPASMI, see Spasm. 
SPASMODES, Convulsive. 
SPASMODIC, Spasmoticus. 
SPASMOL'OGY, Spaemolog' 'ia, from c-ao'/joj, 
' spasm, and Xoyos, ' a treatise? A treatise on 
spasms. 
SPASMOLYGMUS, Singultus. 
SPASMOT'ICUS, Spnsmat'icus, Spasmato'des, 
Spas'ticus, Spastic, Spasmod'ic. Any thing re- 
lating to spasm. Also, an antispasmodic. 
Morbi constricto'rii, M. spasmot'ici, Ao., are 
diseases accompanied with spasm. 
SPASMUS, Convulsion, Spasm - s. Aurium, 
Otalgia-s. Caninus, see Canine laugh-s. Cloni- 
cus, Convulsion-s. Cynicus, see Canine laugh- 
s. Facialis, Tic - s. Glottidis, Asthma thymicum 
-s. Linguae, Glossospasmus-s. Maxillm inferio- 
ris, Trismus-s. Muscularis, Cramp-s. Musculo- 
rum Faciei, Canine laugh - s. Universalis, Syn- 
clonus-s. Ventriculi, see Cardialgia-s. Vesicaj, 
Cystospasmus. 
SPAS'NIA, same etymon as Spasm. A term, 
used by Mereurialis, to designate the lancinating 
pain produced, at times, in the chest by violent 
fits of coughing. 
SPASTIC, Spasmoticus, Tonic spasm. 
SPASTICUM, Tetanic. 
SPATIIA, Ilypaleiptron. 
SPATHES'TER, from aTraw, * I draw? (?) A 
surgical instrument, used for drawing the prepuce 
over the glans, when too short.-P. Amman. 
SPATHOMELE, Spatula. 
SPATHULA, Scapula, Spatula - s. Fcetida, 
Iris foetidissima. 
SPATIIYEMA FCETIDA, Dracontium foeti- 
dum. 
SPAT'ILE, <nran\r), 'human excrement? A 
liquid fecal evacuation. Excrement. - Hippo- 
crates. 
SPATIUM ORIS, Mouth-s. Trigonum, Lyra. 
SPAT'ULA, Spath'ula, diminutive of Spatha, 
a~a3>j, ' a broad-sword? Spathome'le, SpeciW um 
latum. An instrument used for spreading plas- 
ters, stirring ointments, holding down the tongue, 
Ac. Also, the scapula. 
Spatula pro Ore, Glossospatha. 
SPEARWORT. Ranunculus fiammula. 
SPEAUTER, Zinc. 
SPEC IES, Powders, compound-s. Aromaticae, 
Pulvis cinnamomi compositus - s. Diacinnamo- 
mi, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus - s. Diacretae, 
Pulvis cretse compos. - s. Diajalapae, Pulvis ja- 
lapae compositus-s. Diambrae sine odoratis, Pul- 
vis cinnamomi compositus - s. Diatragacanthse 
frigid®, Pulvis tragacanthae compositus-s. Hierae 
picrae, Pulvis aloes cum canella - s. Lajtificantes 
Rhazis, Pulvis cinnamomi compositus-s. e Scor- 
dio cum opio, Pulvis crctae compositus cum opio 
-s. e Scordio sine opio, Pulvis cretae compositus. 
SPECIF'IC, Specif 'lens, from species, 'a form 
or fashion? and facere, 'to make? A substance 
to which is attributed the property of removing, 
directly, one disease rather than any other. Pro- 
bably no such remedy exists. Mercury in syphi- 
lis, and sulphur in the itch, have been regarded 
as the strongest examples. 
Specific of Herrenschwand. A once cele- 
brated German vermifuge. It is said to have 
consisted of 10 grains of Gamboge, with 20 of 
Carbonate of Potassa. It is affirmed* that mer- 
cury and arsenic have also been found in it. 
Paris. 
SPECIFICLM PARACELSI, Potass® sul- 
phas. 
SPECIE'LL M, Adele, Stylus, E-xplorato'rium, 
from specie, '1 examine,' Specla'rion, a probe, 
801 
SPERM 
(F.) Stylet, Sonde. A surgical instrument, em- 
ployed for examining wounds, fistulas, and for 
passing setons, <fcc. It is usually formed of sil- 
ver; and is terminated, at one end, by an olive- 
shaped button. The eyed probe has an aperture 
at the other extremity. 
Specillum, Everrieulum. Hypaleiptron, Sound 
-s. Aurieularium, Apyromele-s. Cereum, Bou- 
gie-s. Excavatum, Stylus exeavatus-s. Latum, 
Spatula-s. Minus, Melotis. 
SPECLARION, Specillum. 
SPEC'TACLES, from spectare, 'to behold;' 
Conspicil'la, (F.) Besides, Lunettes ordinaires, 
Conserves. Glasses to assist the sight; arranged 
so as to be adapted to both eyes. These glasses 
are more or less concave or convex, according as 
the sight is more or less short, (myopic,) or long, 
(presbyopic.) When the glass is adapted to one 
eye, it is called an Eyeglass, Conspicil'Lum, Per- 
spicil'lum, Vitrum ocula're. 
SPECULA'RIS LAPIS. A transparent mine- 
ral, but of what nature is not clear, which was 
formerly employed in epilepsy. In old times it 
was used for glass.- Pliny. 
SPEC'ULUM, Catop'ter, Catop'tron, Diop'tron. 
In Latin, 'a mirror;' from specio, 'I see.' In 
surgery, it means different instruments for dila- 
ting cavities, and facilitating their examination. 
See Dilator. There are various instruments of 
this kind,- the .S'. A»i, 8. Anris, S. Vagina, 
(Colpeuryn'ter, Elytreurynter,) S. Matri'cis, S. 
Oculi, S. Oris ( (F.) Bailion,) S. Gntturis, S. 
Vesica. 
Speculum Citrinum, Orpiment - s. Indicum, 
Ferri limatura-s. Lucidum, Septum lucidum-s. 
Oris, Glossocatochus-s. Veneris, Achillea mille- 
folium. 
SPECUS, Vulva - s. Cordis, Ventricle of the 
Heart-s. Pro medulla spinali, see Vertebral co- 
lumn-s. Vertebralis, see Vertebral column. 
SPEDALSKE, see Radzyge. 
SPEDALSKHED, see Radzyge. 
SPEECH, Voice, articulated. 
SPEECHLESSNESS, Mutitas. 
SPEEDIMAN'S PILLS, see Pilulae aloes et 
myrrhre. 
SPEEDWELL, BROOKLIME, Veronica bec- 
cabunga-s. Female. Antirhinum elatine-s. Offi- 
cinal, Veronica-s. Purslain, Veronica peregrina 
-s. Water, Veronica beccabunga. 
SPELTRUM, Zincum. 
SPERAGUS, Asparagus. 
SPERM, from <nrc<p«», 'I sow.' Spermat'ic 
fluid or liquor, Sem'inal fluid, Seed, Semen, S. 
viri'le seu »ia«cult'nunt seu genita'le, Semin'ium, 
Genita'le, Medul'la, Rytis'ma, Ros, Sanguis, Se- 
rum, Humor genita'lis seu semina'lis seu vene'- 
reus, Uri'na genita'lis, Gcnitu'ra, Sperma, S. 
viri'le, Spermi'um, Tho're, Tho'rus, Lac maris, 
Lagne'a, Lagni'a, Lagneu'ma, Germen, Male's 
milk, Prop'agatory or genital liquor, Vita'le vi- 
rus, Vital or quickening venom, (F.) Sentence, Flu- 
ide seminal. A whitish, viscid fluid, of a peculiar 
smell, secreted by the testicles, whence it is car- 
ried by the vasa deferentia to the vesiculm semi- 
nales, to be thrown into the vagina, during co- 
ition, through the ejaculatory ducts and the ure- 
thra. It is the fecundating "fluid, and must come 
into actual contact with the germ of the female. 
The Aura sem'tnis, Gonau'ra, is incapable of ef- 
fecting fecundation. The semen, at the time of 
emission, is composed of two different fluids; the 
one liquid and transparent, which is considered 
to be the secretion of the prostate, - the other, 
white, and as thick as mucilage; the product of 
the testicular secretion. The sperm contains, ac- 
cording to Vauquelin, 900 parts of water, oO of 
animal mucilage, 10 of so .,1a, and 30 of calcareous SPERMA 
phosphate. The animal matter is peculiar, and 
hy some termed spermatin. 
Microscopic observations show that it contains 
spermatozo'a, or more properly spermatozo'ids ; 
for their animalcular nature is uot demonstrated. 
They are produced in cells-sperm-cells - and 
have probably no more title to be considered ani- 
malcular, than the cilia of the ciliated epithelium. 
By careful examination, other minute, round, 
granulated bodies may almost always be de- 
tected, which are in all eases much less nume- 
rous than the spermatozoa. These bodies are the 
seminal granules, gran'ula sem' inis. Pure sperm, 
in its most perfect state, consists principally of 
spei matozoids and seminal granules; both of 
which are enveloped in a small quantity of fluid, 
liquor sem'inis. 
It has been imagined, but erroneously, that 
during coition there is a secretion of female sperm 
-Semen mulie'bre, Thelyrj'onum. The increased 
secretion that takes place is chiefly from the 
glands of Duverney. 
Sperm also means spermaceti. 
Sperm Cell, see Sperm. 
SPERMA, Sperm - s. Mercurii, Ilydrargyrus 
acetatus. 
Sperma Rana'rum, Spern'i' ola seu Sperni'olum 
seu Spermi'ola seu Spermi'olum rana'rum. Frog's 
spawn. Once used in medicine. 
SPERMACETI, Cetaceum-s. Whale, see Ce- 
taceum. 
SPERMACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATACRASIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERM AT ACR ATI A, Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMAT'IC, Spermat' icus, Semina'lis, Sem'- 
inal. That which relates to the sperm. A name 
given to different parts connected with the organs 
of generation. ♦ 
Spermatic Arteries, A. Spermat'icce, A. pr re- 
pairin'tes, (F.) Arteres testiculaires, A. de I'ovaire 
(Ch.), are two in number-one on each side-and 
arise from the sides of the aorta, sometimes from 
the renal arteries. They descend, almost verti- 
cally, at the sides of the vertebral column, and 
are distributed differently in the two sexes. In 
man, the spermatic artery, situate at the side of 
the vas deferens, issues by the abdominal ring; 
gives numerous ramifications to the spermatic 
chord, and divides into two fasciculi of branches, 
one of which goes to the testicle,- the other to 
the epididymis. In the female, the spermatic 
artery, ova'rian artery, dips into the pelvis, and 
passes to the ovarium, Fallopian tube, and round 
ligament. 
Spermatic Chord, Testic'ular Chord, Funic'- 
ulus Spermaticus, Corpus varico'sum, (F.) Cordon 
spermatique ou testiculaire. The vascular and 
nervous chord, by which the testicle is suspended. 
It is composed of the spermatic artery and veins; 
of other small vessels; of lymphatics; of ner- 
vous filaments from the spermatic plexus, and 
from the genito-crural branch of the lumbo-ab- 
dominal plexus; of the vas deferens, and, very 
often, of a fibro-cellular chord, which unites the 
peritoneum to the upper part of the tunica vagi- 
nalis, and in which encysted hydrocele of the 
spermatic chord occurs. All these parts are uni- 
ted together by a very lax, areolar tissue, and 
surrounded by coats, which, reckoning from with- 
out, are :- 1. The skin and areolar membrane. 
2. A fibro-cellular membrane, formed by the fas- 
cia superficialis. 3. A very thin layer, formed by 
fibres of the cremaster muscle, united archwise 
beiore, and often also behind, the chord. 4. The 
proper sheath of the spermatic vessels, or the tu- 
bular prolongation furnished by the fascia trans- 
versalis to the chord, on a level with the superior 
orifice of the inguinal canal. The spermatic 
802 
SPERMATOPOEIA 
chord is commonly shorter on the right side than 
on the left; and of a different size in different 
individuals. It ascends, almost vertically, from 
the superior margin of the testicle as far as the 
lower orifice of the inguinal canal; passes through 
this canal and enters the abdomen, crossing ill's 
epigastric artery. Here it forms an evident el- 
bow, directing its course backward. At inis 
part, also, the organs composing it separate from 
each other : - the vas deferens descending into 
the pelvis to pass behind the bladder;-the blood- 
vessels and lymphatics ascending towards the 
lumbar region, <tc. 
Spermatic Fluid, Sperm. 
Spermatic Ganglion. A large ganglion, 
formed by branches from the hypogastric gang- 
lion, and from the spermatic plexus. It supplies 
the fundus uteri. Besides these ganglia, Dr. 
Robt. Lee describes ves'ical and nag" inal ganglia, 
and anterior and posterior subperitone'al ganglia 
and plexuses, which communicate with the pre- 
ceding, and constitute an extensive nervous rete 
over the entire uterus. 
Spermatic Liquor, Liquor, Sperm. 
Spermatic Passages or Ways, Vice Sperma- 
tiece, are the canals concerned in the excretion 
of semen. 
Spermatic Plexuses of nerves, Plexus testicu- 
lares, ari*two in number, and are furnished by 
the renal plexuses. Their filaments, called Sper- 
matic nerves, follow the arteries of the same name 
to the testicle in man; and to the ovary and Fal- 
lopian tube in the female,-ova'rian nerves. They 
cannot be traced into the substance of these 
organs. 
Spermatic Veins are two or three in number, 
on each side. They accompany the spermatic 
artery, and open - those of the right, into the 
vena cava inferior; those of the left, into the 
corresponding renal vein. These veins form, 
above the testicle, a kind of venous network, 
called, by some, the Spermatic Plexus ; and an- 
other plexus before the psoas muscle, called the 
Corpus pampini forme. 
SPERMATIN, see Sperm. 
SPERMATIS'MUS, Emis'sio sem'inis, from 
aircp/ia, 'sperm.' The emission of sperm. 
SPERMATOCE'LE, Hernia semina'lis scroti, 
Oscheoce'le semina'lis, Gonoce'le, from arrtpga, 
'sperm,' and 'a tumour.' The ancients 
gave this name to certain swellings of the testi- 
cle which were regarded as produced by an ac- 
cumulation of sperm in the organ. Also, vari- 
cocele. 
SPERMATOCLEMMA, see Pollution. 
SPERMATOCLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
SPERMATOCYSTIDORRHAG"IA, Caulor- 
rhag"ia ejaculato'ria, Hcematu'ria ejaculato'ria, 
H. semina'lis, from an-cppa, aircpparos, 'sperm,* 
Kvarts, 'bladder,' and payn, 'a breaking forth.* 
A discharge of blood from the urethra, or the act 
of ejaculation of sperm. 
SPERMATODES, Gonoides. 
SPERM ATOGON'IA, Spermogon'ia, Sperma- 
topoe'ia, Spermatopoe'sis, Spermi'nm, from atrcppa, 
'sperm,' and ycwao, 'to beget.' The preparation 
or secretion of sperm. 
SPERMATOID, Gonoides. 
SPERMATOLEPSIS, see Pollution. 
SPERMATOLIPSIS, see Pollution. 
SPERMATOL'OGY, Spermatolog"ia, from 
airtpya, 'sperm,' and Xoyos, ' a discourse.' A trea- 
tise on sperm. 
SPERMATOPH'OROUS, Seminiferous, from 
wcppa, ' sperm,' and 0tpu>, ' I carry.* Sperm- 
bearing. The cells or granules in the sperm 
have been so called. 
SPERMATOPCEIA, Spermatogonia. SPERMATOPOESIS 
SPERMATOPOESIS, Spermatogonia. 
SPERMATOPOETIC, Spermatopoeus. 
SPERMATOPCE'US, Spermatopoet'icue, Sper- 
matopoiet'icws, Spermatopoet' ic, Gonepoe' us, Gone- 
poiet'icus, Gonopoiet'icns, from 'sperm,' 
and vouiv, 'to make.' Food, to which has been 
attributed the property of augmenting the secre- 
tion of semen ; and, consequently, of exciting the 
venereal act. Very succulent and very nutritious 
substances have been so considered. 
SPERMATORRIHE'A, Spermorrhoe'a, Sper- 
macra'sia, Spermatoze'mia, Spermatacra'sia, Go- 
nacra'sia, Gonacrati'a, Spermatacrati'a, Gonor- 
rhoea vera, (F.) Flux de Sperme, Pollutions, Per- 
tee seminales; from 'sperm,' and pcu, 'I 
flow.' An emission of sperm, without copulation. 
See Gonorrhoea, and Pollution. 
Spermatorrhoea Atonica, Gonorrhoea laxo- 
rum. 
SPERMATOS'CIIESIS, from circppa, 'sperm,' 
and ' retention.' Retention or suppression 
of the spermatic secretion. 
SPERMATOZEMIA, Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERMATOZO'A, Zoosper'mata, from arrcppa, 
'sperm,'and £u>ov, 'animal.' Zoospermes, Sper- 
matozoaires, Spermatozo'ids, Animal'cula semina'- 
lia seu spermat'ica, Vermic'uli spermat! ici, Semi- 
nal filaments, Spermatic or seminal animalcules (?). 
Reputed animalcules seen in the sperm; by most 
physiologists supposed to be the formative agents 
in generation. See Sperm. 
SPERMATOZO AIRES, Spermatozoa. 
SPERMATOZOIDS, Spermatozoa. 
SPERMIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
rum. 
SPERMTUM, Sperm, Spermatogonia. 
SPERMOBOLE, see Ejaculation, Spermatis- 
mus. 
SPERMOEDIA CLAVUS, Ergot. 
SPERMOGONIA, Spermatogonia. 
SPERMORRHCEA, Spermatorrhoea. 
SPERNIOLUM RANARUM, Sperma rana- 
rum. 
SPEWING, Vomiting. 
SPHACELATION, Mortification. 
SPHACELE, Sphacelus - s. de la Bouche, 
Cancer aquaticus. 
SPHACELIA SEGETUM, see Ergot. 
SPIIACELISMUS, Sphacelus - s. Cerebri, 
Phrenitis. 
SPIIAC"ELUS, Gangrae'na Sphacelus, Spha- 
celis'mus, Cold mortification, (F.) Sphacile, Gan- 
grene froide, from 'I slay.' This word is 
used, by some, synonymously with gangrene ; by 
others, with gangrene when it occupies the whole 
substance of a limb. Commonly, it means the 
disorganized portion, in cases of mortification, 
anthraconecro'sis, which must be thrown off-or 
is, in other words, totally dead. The foul disor- 
ganized portion of an ulcer-called the slough- 
must be considered a kind of sphacelus. 
Sphacelus was formerly used to denote excessive 
pain ; and fur agitation from excessive pain, or 
violent emotion. 
Sphacelus Cerealis, Ergotism - s. Nosoco- 
mialis, Hospital gangrene. 
SPHA5RA, Pila - s. Marina, Pila marina - s. 
Thalassia, Pila marina. 
SPHzERANTHUS INDICUS, Adaca. 
SPHJERIDION, Pilula. 
SPH.ERION, Globule, Pilula. 
SPH/EROCEPHALA ELATIOR. Echinops. 
SPHzEROCOCCUS CRISPUS, Fucus crispus 
- s. Helrainthochortus, Corallina Corsicana - s. 
Lichenoides, Fucus amylaceus. 
SPHJERULzE SANGUINIS, Globules of the 
blood. 
803 
6PHEN0IDES 
SPHAGE, Throat. 
SP1IEND0NE, Funda. 
SPHENOID, Spheno'i'des, Spheno'des, Sphe- 
noideus, Spheno'ida'lis, from at/tr/v, 'a wedge,' and 
eilo;, ' resemblance.' Wedge-shaped. Hence, 
Sphenoid Bone, Spheno'ides os, Os basila're seu 
cunei for' me seu cu'neo compara'tupi seu sphenoid a'- 
le seu mnltifor'me seu az'ygos seu papilla're seu 
polymor'phon seu paxilla're seu baxilla're seu 
alcefor'me seu spheco'i' des seu vespifor'me seu Zn- 
conjuga'tum, Pter'ygoid bone. An azygous bone, 
situate on the median line, and at the base of the 
cranium. It articulates with all the other bones 
of that cavity ; supports them, and strengthens 
their union. Its form is singular, and resembles 
a bat with its wings extended. It has, 1. An 
inferior or guttural surface, on which is situate 
the crista, that joins the vomer; a channel, which 
concurs in forming the pterygo-palatine foramen ; 
the pterygoid process; the pterygoid fossa; the 
scaphoid depression; the Vidian or pterygoid 
canal; the foramina - ovale, spinale, &c. 2. A 
superior or cerebral surface, on which are : - the 
clinoid processes; the pituitary fossa; the fora- 
mina (ovale, rotundum, and spinale); the Apo- 
physis of Ingrassias or lesser wing ; the foramen 
opticuni, <tc. 3. An occipital or posterior surf ace, 
which is articulated with the basilary process of 
the occipital bone. 4. An anterior or orbitar- 
nasal surface; having, anteriorly, a crista to 
unite with the ethmoid bone; and, on each side, 
a round aperture, which leads into two cavities 
in the substance of the bone, separated by a 
middle septum, and called the sphenoidal sinuses. 
5. Two zygomato-tcmporal or external surfaces, 
which correspond to the temporal and zygomatic 
fossae. 
Some divide the sphenoid into body or middle 
portion; and alee, which are fourMn number, and 
are subdivided into great (Temporal Plates or 
lFiny») and little (Apophyses of Ingrassias). The 
Sphenoid suture surrounds the bone. 
Sphenoid, Spinous Process of the, Sphenoid 
spine. 
SPHENOID'AL, Sphenoida'lis. That which 
belongs or relates to the sphenoid bone. 
Sphenoida'lia Cor'nua, (F.) Cornets spheno- 
'idaux, Cornets de Bertin; Ossie'ula Berti'ni, 
Ossa triangula'ria, Pyr'amide of IFistur. Two 
small, thin, and curved bones, situate between 
the sphenoid and ethmoid, with which they are 
confounded in the adult. They have the shape 
of a hollow pyramid, with the base turned back- 
wards ; and are developed by a single point of 
ossification. They are articulated with the sphe- 
noid, ethmoid, palate bone, and vomer. 
Sphenoidal or Supe'rior Or'bitary Fissure, 
Fora'men lac"erum supe'rius, (F.) Fente speno'i- 
dale, is a large fissure, situate between the great 
and little ala of the sphenoid. It is seen at the 
upper and back part of the orbit between which 
and the cranium it is a means of communication. 
Sphenoidal Spins, (F.) Epine sphenoidale, 
Spinous Process of the Sphenoid;-1. A project- 
ing crista at the inferior surface of the sphenoid- 
bone, for articulation with the vomer. 2. A tri- 
angular process, Apophyse sous-temporale (Ch.), 
met with near the posterior margin of the same 
bone, behind the foramen spinale. At the point 
of the spinous process, a styloid process is fre- 
quently met with. 
SPHENOIDES, Cuneiform, Sphenoid - s. Os, 
Sphenoid bone. 
SPHENOMAX'ILLARY, Spheno-maxilla'ris. 
That which relates to the sphenoid and maxillary 
bones. 
Sphenomaxillary Fissure, Inferior or'bitar SPHENO-ORBITAR 
Fissure, (F.) Fente spheno-maxillaire mA orbital re 
infirieure ; called, also, Fora'men lac"erum in- 
fe'rius, F. spheno-maxilla're, is situate at the 
posterior part of the angle formed by the union 
of the internal and inferior parietes of the orbit. 
It is constituted, above, by the sphenoid bone; 
below, by the superior maxillary and palate bones; 
and, before, by the malar bone. It is narrower 
at the middle than at the extremities, and forms 
a communication between the orbitar cavity and 
the zygomatic fossa. 
Sphenomaxillary Fossa is a name given by 
some anatomists, to a depression at the union of 
the sphenomaxillary and pterygomaxillary fis- 
sures. 
SPHENO-OR'BITAR. A name given, by B6- 
clard to the anterior part of the body of the 
sphenoid bone, which is developed by a variable 
number of points of ossification. 
SPHENOPAL'ATINE,»Sp/ienop<iZati''jiu». That 
which relates to the sphenoid and palate bones. 
Sphenopalatine Artery, Large lateral nasal 
A., is the termination of the internal maxillary. 
It enters at the posterior part of the superior 
meatus of the nose, through the spheno-palatine 
foramen, and spreads its numerous branches on 
the pituitary membrane covering the septum, the 
cornua, and the meatus. 
Sphenopalatine Fora'men is a round aper- 
ture, formed by the verticai portion of the os pa- 
lati and the sphenoid. It establishes a commu- 
nication between the nasal fossae and the zygo- 
matic fossa. 
Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of Mec- 
kel, Sphenoid'al G. (Ch.) A small, nervous, cor- 
diform, or triangular ganglion, of variable size, 
situate without the foramen sphaeno-palatinum, 
in the pterygomaxillary fissure. It seems sus- 
pended by nervous filaments to the trunk 
of the superior maxillary nerve, and gives off 
internal or sphenopalatine filaments, inferior or 
palatine filaments, and a posterior filament, which 
is the Vwh'an or pterygoid nerve. 
Sphenopalatine Nerves,ZaferalnasaZnerves, 
arise from the ganglion-just described - at its 
inner part, and enter the nasal fossae by the sphe- 
nopalatine foramen. They are five or six in num- 
ber, and distribute their filaments to the outer 
and inner parietes of the nasal fossa. One of 
the most remarkable branches is the Naso-pa- 
latine. 
SPHENOPALATINUS, Levator palati. 
SPHENOPARI'ETAL, Spheno-parieta'- 
lis. That which belongs or relates to the sphe- 
noid and parietal bones. 
Sphenoparietal Suture is formed by the ar- 
ticulation of the extremity of the greater ala of 
the sphenoid with the anterior and inferior angle 
of the parietal bone. 
SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, Circum- 
flexus - s. Salpingostaphylinus, Circumflex-s. 
Salpingo-mallien, Laxator tympani. 
SPHENOSIS, see Wedged. 
SPHENOSTAPIIYLINUS, Levator palati. 
SPHENOTEMP' ORAL, Spheno-tempera' Us. 
That which belongs to the sphenoid and tempo- 
ral bones. 
Sphenotemporal Suture is the suture at the 
articulation of the great alae of the sphenoid bone 
with the squamous portion of the temporal. Be- 
dard gives the name sphenotemporal to the pos- 
terior part of the body of the sphenoid, which is 
developed by distinct points of ossification. 
SPHEX, Wasp. 
SPHINCTER, Constric'tor, Muse'ulus constric- 
to'rius, from a</>iyyw, 'I constrict.' A name given 
to several annular muscles, which constrict or 
close certain natural openings. 
804 
SPICEBUSH 
Sphincter Ani, AwnwZa'ris Ani. Many ana- 
tomists have described two sphincter muscles of 
the anus: - 1. The (S', exter'nus, Aspidis'coa, S. 
cuta'neus, Orbicula'ris 
Recti, Constric'tor Ani, Coccygio-anal, (Ch.) It 
is situate around the anus; is elliptical from be- 
fore to behind ; flattened, and pierced at its mid- 
dle. Its fibres describe concentric arcs, which 
are attached, behind, to the extremity of the coc- 
cyx, by a dense, areolar substance; and are con- 
founded, anteriorly, with the bulbo-cavernosi and 
transversi perinaei muscles. This muscle con- 
tracts and closes the anus. 2. The inner or in- 
ternal Sphincter Ani, Sphincter intestina'lis of 
Winslow, is by many anatomists considered as 
the termination of the circular fibres of the rec- 
tum. It is annular, and situate around the infe- 
rior extremity of the rectum, to the extent of 
about a finger's breadth. It has the same uses 
as the other. 
Sphincter Gula5, Constrictores pharyngis - 
s. Ilei, Bauhin, valve of-s. Intestinalis, Sphinc- 
ter ani internus-s. Labiorum, Orbicularis oris- 
s. Oculi, Orbicularis palpebrarum - s. Palpebra- 
rum, Orbicularis palpebrarum-s. Pylori, see Py- 
lorus- s. Vaginae, Constrictores cunni - s. Ven- 
triculi, Pylorus. 
Sphincter Vesi'CjB, Sphincter of the bladder. 
Some anatomists have given this name to whitish, 
elastic, and circular fibres, which surround the 
neck of the bladder, but do not constitute a par- 
ticular musele. Morgagni has given the name 
Pseudo-Sphincter to the anterior fibres of the 
levator ani, which pass beneath the neck of the 
bladder, and, by their contraction, close that 
opening. See Compressor urethrae. 
SPHONDYLIUM, Heracleum spondylium. 
SPHONGUS, Spongia. 
SPHRAGIDONYCHARGOCOME' TA, from 
'a seal,' owl;, 'the nail,' apyos, 'white,' 
or perhaps apyvpos, ' silver,' and Kopcw, 'I adorn.' 
A charlatan who adorned his fingers to the very 
nails with rings. - Aristophanes, Hippocrates. 
SPHYGMA, Pulse. 
SPHYG'MICA ARS, Sphygmic art, from a<j>vy- 
l/os, 'the pulse.' The art of judging by the pulse, 
in health or disease. 
Sphygmica Doctrina, Sphygmologia. 
SPHYGMICUS, Throbbing. 
SPHYGMOCEPHALUS, Crotaphe. 
SPHYGMODES, Throbbing. 
SPHYGMOLOG"IA, Sphyg'mica Doctri'na, 
from aipvygos, 'the pulse,' and Xoyos, 'a descrip- 
tion.' The doctrine of the pulse. 
SPHYGMOMETER, Pulsilegium. 
SPHYGMOS, Pulsation, Pulse. 
SPHYGMOSCOPIUM, Pulsilegium. 
SPHYRA, Malleolus. 
SPHYXIS, Pulsation. 
SPIC, Laven dula. 
xSPICA, Fas'cia repent, the Spica bandage, (F.) 
Epi. A bandage so called in consequence of its 
somewhat resembling a spike of barley. The 
turns of the bandage cross like the letter V; - 
each leaving a third of the roller uncovered. It 
is distinguished into ascending and descending. 
It may be applied over various parts of the body, 
and in a different manner in each case : thus, there 
is the Spica seu Fascia inguina'lis, Spica ingui- 
na'lis duplex, the spica for the shoulder, and an- 
other for the thumb. 
Spica, Lavendula. 
Spica Alpina, Valeriana Celtica-s. Celtica, 
Valeriana Celtica-s. Indica, Nardus Indica-s. 
Nardi, Nardus Indica. 
SPICEBERRY, Gaultheria, Laurus Benzoin. 
SPICEBUSH, Laurus Benzoin. SPICES 
SPICES, FOUR, see Myrtus pimento. 
SPICEWOOD, Laurus Benzoin. 
SPICILLUM, Specillum. 
SPIDER, see Aranese tela. 
SPIDERWORT, Liliago, Tradescantia Vir- 
giniea. 
SPIGELIA, S. Marilandica. 
Spige'lia Marilan'dica, Anthel'mia, Spige'lia 
Lonic"era, Louie''era Marilan'dica, Peren'nial 
Wormgrass or Indian Pink, Caroli'na Pink, Star- 
bloom, Wormroot. Hat. Ord. Gentianeae. Class, 
Pentandria. Order, Monogynia. Indigenous. The 
root - Spigelia (Ph. U. S.) - is celebrated as an 
anthelmintic, particularly in cases of lumbrici. 
It is, also, asserted to have been found service- 
able in remittent fever. It is a narcotico-acrid. 
Dose, gr. x to £ss. 
SPIGNEL, Aithusa meum. 
SPIKENARD, Conyza squarrosa, Nardus In- 
dica - s. American, Aralia racemosa - s. Small, 
Aralia nudicaulis-s. Tree, Aralia spinosa. 
SPILANTHES ACMELLA, Spilanthus ac- 
mella. 
SPILAN'THUS ACMEL'LA, S, cilia'ta seu 
fimbria'ta, Spilan'thes acmel'la, Bidens acmella, 
Achmella, Acmella, A. Afauritiana, Verbesi'na 
acmella, Balm-leaved Spilanthus. Family, Co- 
rymbiferce. Sex. Syst. Syngenesia Polygamia 
aequalis. This plant possesses a glutinous, bitter 
taste, and fragrant smell. The herb and seed 
are said to be diuretic and emmenagogue. They 
have been used in dropsies, jaundice, fluor albus, 
and calculous complaints; given in infusion. 
Spilanthus, Balm-leaved, Spilanthus acmel- 
la- s. Ciliata, S. acmella - s. Fimbriata, S. ac- 
mella. 
Spilanth'us Olera'ceus, Spear-leaved Spi- 
lanthus, (F.) Cresson de Para. A tincture of the 
plant has been recommended in toothach. 
SPILI, see Naevus. 
SPILOMA, see Naevus. 
SPILOSIS, Epichrosis - s. Ephelis, Ephelides 
s. Poliosis, Poliosis. 
SPILSBURY'S ANTISCORBUTIC DROPS. 
An empirical preparation, formed of hydrarg. 
oxymur., rad. gentian., cort. aurant. sice, aa Zij; 
antimon, crud., santal. rubr. aa gj > spiritus vini 
rectif., aqua, aa 
SPINA, 'a thorn;' Spine, (F.) £pine. A pro- 
cess on the surface of a bone, which has been 
compared to the spines or thorns on certain vege- 
tables. The chief processes of this name are:- 
the nasal spine, the spine of the scapula, the spine 
of the ischium, the four iliac spines, the palatine 
spine, the maxillary, the sphenoid, &c. The spine 
of the back is of vertebrae constitu- 
ting the vertebral column. 
Spina, Penis - s. Acida, Oxycantha Galeni - 
s. Asgyptiaca, see Acaciae gummi - s. Alba, 
Carduus marianus, Mespilus oxycantha. Ono- 
pordum acanthium - s. Bifida, Hydrorachis - 
s. Cervina, Rhamnus - s. Domestica, Rhamnus 
-s. Dorsi, Vertebral column, see Nasus-s. Dorsi 
introrsum Flexa, Lordosis - s. Ferrea, Pin - s. 
Ilelmontii, Aiguillon - s. Ilirci, Astragalus verus 
- s. Infectoria, Rhamnus-s. Nodosa, Rachitis. 
Spina Vento'sa* Spina ventos'itas, Tere'do, 
Fungus Artic'uli, Ostarthroc'ace, Tumor fungo'sus 
artic'uli, Lu'pia junctu'rcB, Hyperspon'gia, Flatus 
spina, Arthroc'ace, Pcedarthroc'ace, li'Aife Swell- 
ing (of some,) Sidera'tio Ossis, Cancer Ossis, Gan- 
gra'na Ossis, Exosto'sis. A term of no definite 
meaning, as is obvious from these various words 
having been considered its synonymes. By some, 
it is defined to be - a. disease of the osseous sys- 
tem, in which the texture of the bone dilates, 
seeming to be distended with air, and constitu- 
ting a variety of osteo-sarcoma. By others, it is 
805 
SPINAL 
considered to be a tumour arising from an internal 
caries of a bone; occurring most frequently in the 
carpus or tarsus. The term itself is a translation 
from the Arabic of Rhazes. See, also, Hydrar- 
thrus, and Mollities Ossium. 
Spina Vertebralis, Vertebral column. 
SPINACH, Spinacia. 
SPINACHIA, Spinacia. 
SPINA'CIA, Spina'chia, Spina'cia olera'cea, 
Spin'age, Spinach, (F.) Epinard. Family, Atri- 
pliceae. Ne.r. Syst. Dicecia Pentandria. A plant 
which resembles the cabbage in its dietetic powers. 
The leaves boiled, with the addition of oil, form 
a good emollient cataplasm. It has been used in 
phthisical complaints; but its medicinal proper- 
ties, if it have any, are not now regarded. 
Spinacia Oleracea, Spinacia. 
SPINAS, Spinous processes - s. Ventositas, 
Spina ventosa. 
SPINAGE, Spinacia. 
Spina'Us, Spina'sue, Spina'tus, (F.) 
Epiniire, from spina, 'the spine.' That which 
relates to the vertebral column. 
Spinal Arteries are two in number, viz: 1. 
The posterior spinal, Artere mediane posterieure 
du Rachis, (Ch.) It arises from the vertebral, 
near the corpora pyratnidalia, and descends on 
the posterior surface of the spinal marrow, dis- 
tributing its ramifications to it. 2. The anterior 
spinal artery, A. tnldiane antirieure, (Ch.,) is 
larger than the last, and arises, also, from the 
vertebral. It descends, in a serpentine manner, 
upon the anterior surface of the marrow; fur- 
nishes ramusculi to it, and unites with that of 
the opposite side, opposite the foramen magnum 
occipitis. A very tortuous branch arises from 
this union, which descends as far as the inferior 
extremity of the marrow, to which it sends nume- 
rous divisions. 
The term Spinal Arteries or Rachinian Arte- 
ries is also given, in the abstract, to all the arte- 
ries of the spinal marrow and vertebral canal. 
The same may be said of the veins and nerves. 
Spinal Cord, Medulla spinalis. 
Spinal Foram'ina, (F.) Trous raehidiens, in 
the abstract, are the foramina formed by every 
two contiguous vertebrae, through which the spi- 
nal nerves issue. See Vertebral. The term Fo- 
ra'men Spina'le is especially applied, however, 
to a small foramen, in front of the spinous pro- 
cess of the sphenoid bone, through which the 
middle artery of the dura mater enters the cra- 
nium. It is, likewise, called Foramen spheno-spi- 
no'sum, (F.) Trou Spheno-ipineux ou rond, 
Trots tpineux. 
Spinal Irrita'tion, Rhachialgi'tis, Rhachial'- 
gia, Neural'gia spina'lis, Notal'gia. A modern 
pathological view, which refers most nervous dis- 
eases to irritation of the spinal cord. This irri- 
tation is presumed to be indicated by tenderness 
on pressure over the spinous process of one or 
more vertebra;, or over the nerves proceeding 
from the cord and distributed to the parts at the 
sides of the spine. Such tenderness, however, 
by no means indicates the pathological condition 
in question, as it is often met with in those en- 
joying perfect health. The treatment advised is 
cupping and counter-irritation on each side of 
the spine, which may be beneficial in such dis- 
eases, no matter what part of the frame may be 
in a morbid state, by exciting a new and revel- 
lent impression on a very sensible portion of the 
cutaneous surface. 
Spinal Nerve, Accessory of the Par vagum, 
or 8th. pair, Accessory nerve of Willis, Spinal Ac- 
cessory, Spino-cranio-trapizien, Superior respira- 
tory N-, Eleventh pair of encephalic nerves, Tra- 
chelo-dorsal (Ch.), arises from the medulla epi- SPINALES 
nalis, within the vertebral canal, between the an- 
terior and posterior roots of the cervical nerves 
at a greater or less distance from the cranium. 
The roots unite to form the nerve, which ascends 
into the cranium through the foramen magnum 
of the occipital bone, and issues by the foramen 
lacerum posterius, crossing the sterno-cleido-mas- 
toideus, to which it gives filaments, and losing 
itself entirely on the trapezius muscle. The pneu- 
mogastric and spinal accessory nerves together- 
nervus vagus cum accesso'rio--resemble the spinal 
nerves; the former, with its ganglion, being the 
posterior root; the latter, the anterior. 
Spinal Nerves, Vertebral nerves-s. Prolon- 
gation, Medulla spinalis. 
Spinal System of Nerves, see Nerves. 
SPINALES COLLI MINORES, Interspinales 
colli - s. et Transversales lumborum, Transver - 
salis dorsi. 
SPINALIS CERVICIS, Semi-spinalis colli - 
s. Colli, Semi-spinalis colli. 
Spinalis Dorsi, Grand epineux du dos, Spina- 
lis Dorsi major. Winslow calls thus some fleshy 
fasciculi, which are situate on the lateral surfaces 
of the spinous processes; from the third dorsal 
vertebra to the first or second lumbar; and which 
form part of the transverso-spinalis of most au- 
thors. The same anatomist calls-Spina'lis Dorsi 
minor, Petit epineux du dos - some small, fleshy 
fibres, situate on each side of the interspinal liga- 
ment. They are short, flat, and pass from one 
spinous process to the other. Like the preceding, 
they form part of the transverso-spinalis. All 
these fleshy fasciculi strengthen the vertebral 
column. 
SPINATI, Interspinales colli. 
SPINATUS, Spinal. 
SPINDLE TREE, Euonymus Americanus. 
SPINE, Vertebral column - s. Curvature of 
the, Gibbositas-s. Haemal, Sternum-s. Neural, 
Spinous process. 
SPINI-AXOIDO-OCCIPITALIS, Rectus ca- 
pitis posticus major-s. Axo'ido-tracheli-atlo'idien, 
Obliquus inferior capitis. 
SPINITIS, Myelitis. 
SPINO-DORSITIS, Myelitis. 
SPINOLA, see Hydrorachis. 
SPINOSUS, Spinal. 
SPINOUS, Spino'sus, (F.) Having 
the shape of a spine or thorn. 
Spinous Proc"esses or Apoph'yses of the 
Ver'tebra, Acan'tha, Spina, Cynol'ophoi, Neural 
Spines of Mr. Owen, (F.) Apophyses (pineuses, 
are situate at the posterior part of each vertebra, 
and afford attachment to the muscles, whose office 
it is to extend the spine. See Vertebra. 
SPIRAC'ULA, (F.) Spiracules, from spiro, 'I 
breathe? Respiratory pores of the skin. 
SPIR.E CEREBRI, Convolutions, cerebral. 
SPIRAEA DENUDATA, S. ulmaria. 
Spir.e'a Filipen'dula, Filipendula, Saxif- 
raga rubra, Dropwort, (F.) Filipendule. Family, 
Rosaceae. Sex. Syst. Icosandria Pentagynia. The 
root of this plant is said to possess astringent and 
lithontriptic virtues. 
Spiraca Tomentosa, Hardback, lied meadow- 
street, Steeple bush, Posy bush, White leaf. This 
indigenous species, which is abundant in the 
northern States of the Union, is tonic and astrin- 
gent; and is usually administered either in the 
form of extract or decoction, §ss; aqua 
Oj.) 
Spirka Trifoltata, Gillenia trifoliata. 
Spir.ea Ulma'ria, S. denuda'ta, Ulmaria, U. 
palus'tris, liegi'na Prati, Barba capra, Meadow 
Sweet, Queen of the Meadows, Bar'bula capri'na, 
fF.) Ulmaire, Heine des Pris. The leaves have 
806 
SPIRIT 
been recommended as mild astringents: - the 
flowers as antispasmodics ami diaphoretics. 
SPIRAMENTA PULMONUM, see Pulmo. 
SPIRAMENTUM ANlMJE, Pulmo. 
SPIRAMINA PALPEBRARUM, Lachrymal 
puncta - s. Pulmonum, see Pulmo. 
SPIRATIO, Respiration. 
SPIRIT, Spir'itus; from spirare, 'to exhale;' 
(F.) Esprit. A name given to every liquid pro- 
duct of distillation. Spirits were formerly distin- 
guished into - inflammable, acid, and alkaline ; 
and consequently a number of substances were 
crowded together, which often resembled each 
other in no other property than in being volatile. 
The term is now confined to alcoholic liquors, of 
which the following are the chief: 
Arrack. Distilled from eoarse palm sugar, 
named jaggery, fermented with the bark of the 
Mimosa leucophlea ; also from rice and the fer- 
mented juice of the Palm ; made in India. Its 
varieties are :- 
1. Mahioah Arrack. Made in India from the 
flowers of the Madhuca tree, Bassia butyracea. 
2. Tuba. Made from palm wine, in the Phi- 
lippine Islands. 
Araka. Distilled, by the Tartars, from kou- 
mis, fermented mares' milk. 
Arafcr. Distilled from dates, by the Egyptians. 
Arika. A variety of koumis, distilled from fer- 
mented mares' milk, in Tartary and Iceland. 
Brandy. Distilled from wine, figs, peaches, per- 
simmon, apple, mulberries, and sometimes other 
fruits, in Europe, Asia, North and South Ame- 
rica, wherever wine is made. The best brandy 
is that of Cognac; the next, that of Bordeaux 
and Roehelle. The varieties are - 
1. Aguardiente, (S.) In Peru, the common 
brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente 
de Pisco, so called, because shipped at the port 
of Pisco. Another kind, much dearer, and of 
excellent flavour, is made from Muscatel grapes, 
and is called Aguardiente de Italia. It is some- 
times seen in the United States. 
2. Lau. Made from rice, in Siam. 
3. Rakia. Made in Dalmatia from the husks 
of grapes mixed with aromatics. 
4. Bossolio. Made at Dantzic, from a com- 
pound of brandy, rossolis, and other plants. 
5. Troster. Made on the Rhine, from the 
husks of grapes, fermented with barley and rye. 
6. Sekis-kayavodka. Made from the lees of 
wine and fruit at Scio. 
Geneva Hollands, (genievre, French for juni- 
per.) Distilled from malted barley and rye, rec- 
tified on juniper berries, in Holland. Its variety 
is - 
Gin. Made in England, from malted barley, 
rye, potatoes ; rectified with turpentine. 
Goldicasser. Distilled at Dantzic, from wheat, 
barley, and rye, rectified with aniseed, cinnamon, 
and other spices. 
Kirsch icasser. Distilled from the Malacheb 
cherry, in Switzerland. 
Maraschino. Distilled from the Macarska 
cherry, at Zara, the capital of Dalmatia. 
Bum, (supposed to be derived from the termi- 
nal syllable of the word saccharum : but the abo- 
riginal Americans call this liquor Rum.) Dis- 
tilled, in the West Indies and South America, from 
cane-sugar and molasses, and in North America 
from maple-sugar. Its variety is - 
Slatkaia trava. Made in Kamtschatka, from 
a sweet grass. 
Shoxc-choo. Distilled, in China, from the lees 
of mandarin, a wine made from boiled rice. 
Whisky, (supposed to be derived from usque, 
the first two syllables of usquebayh, the original 
name in Ireland.) Distilled, in Scotland and Ire- SPIRITS 
land, from malted and raw barley, rye, oats, and 
potatoes; and in the south of France, from sloes. 
In Ireland it was called buil-ceaun, or madness 
vf the head. The best Scotch whisky is Glenlivet, 
the best Irish, Ennishovten. 
Y-wer-a. Distilled, in the Sandwich Islands, 
from the root of the Tee-root, baked, pounded, 
and fermented. 
To these may be added an intoxicating liquor 
made by the Affghanistans, from ewes' milk; 
and that made in Kamtschatka, from a species 
of mushroom, named muchumer. 
Spirit of Aniseed, Spiritus anisi-s. Bathing, 
Freeman's, see Linimentum saponis compos.- 
s. Bathing, Jackson's, see Linimentum saponis 
compos.-s. Bezoardic of Bussius, see Bussii spi- 
ritus Bezoarticus-s. Bone, Liquor volatilis cornu 
cervi-s. of Burrhus, Burrhi spiritus matricalis- 
8. of Carraway, Spiritus carui - s. of Ether, aro- 
matic, Spiritus setheris aromaticus - s. Fuming, 
of Beguin, Ammonite sulphuretum - s. Fuming, 
of Boyle, Ammonite sulphuretum - s. of Harts- 
horn, Liquor cornu cervi - s. of Horseradish, 
compound, Spiritus armoracise compositus-s. of 
Lavender, Spiritus lavandulte - s. of Lavender, 
compound, Spiritus lavandulae compositus-s. of 
Mindererus, Liquor ammonite acetatis-s. of Ni- 
tre, sweet, Spiritus tetheris nitrici- s. of Nitric 
ether, Spiritus a?theris nitrici-s. of Pennyroyal, 
Spiritus pulegii-s. of Peppermint, Spiritus men- 
thae piperitie - s. Proof, Spiritus tenuior - s. of 
Salt, Muriaticum acidum - s. of Scurvygrass, 
golden, see Spiritus armoracite compositus-s. of 
Spearmint, Spiritus menthm viridis - s. of Sul- 
phuric ether, Spiritus tetheris sulphuriei- s. of 
Sulphuric ether, compound, Spiritus tetheris sul- 
phurici compositus-s. of Turpentine, Oleum tere- 
binthinae rectificatum - s. Verdigris, Aceticum 
acidum-s. of Vitriol, Sulphuric acid-s. of Wine 
and camphor, Spiritus camphorm. 
SPIRITS, ANIMAL, Nervous fluid. 
SPIRITUOUS, Alcoholic. 
SPIRITUS, Breath, Life, Respiration, Spirit 
- s. JEthereus nitrosus, Spiritus tetheris nitrici 
- s. yEthereus vitriolicus, Spiritus tetheris sul- 
phurici. 
Spir'itus tEtiieris Aromat'icus, Adther Sul- 
phu'rictts cum 'alcoho'le aromat'icus, Elix'ir vi- 
trio'li dulce, Sweet Elix'ir of Vit'riol, Viga'ni's 
Elixir of Vitriol, Aromatic Spirit of Ether. 
(Cinnam. cort. contus. giij. cardam. sent, contus. 
2fiss. piperis longi fruct. cont., zingib. rad. con- 
cis., sing, spiritus cp.theris sulphuric. Oj. Ma- 
cerate, for 14 days, iu a stopped glass vessel and 
strain. Ph. L.) It is used as a stimulant in 
nervous affections. Dose, to fjj. 
Spiritus AStheris Nit'rici, Sp. Adtheris ni- 
tro'si, Sp. nitri dulcis, Sp. Adthe'reus nitro'sue, 
Street Spirit of Nitre, Nitre drops, xEther nitri- 
cus alcoolisa'tus, Spirit of Nitric Ether. (Ni- 
trate of Potassa, in coarse powder, tbij, Sulphuric 
acid, tbiss; Alcohol, Oixss; Diluted Alcohol, Oj : 
Carbonate of Potassa, Mix the nitrate of 
potassa and the alcohol in a large glass retort, 
and having gradually poured in the acid, digest 
with a gentle heat for two hours ; then raise the 
heat, and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor 
add the diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa, 
and again distil a gallon. - Ph. U. S.) It is re- 
frigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, and diaphore- 
tic- Dose, gtL xxv to fjj. Specific gravity, 
Spiritus AStheris Sulphu'rici, Adther Sul- 
phttricus cum Alcoho'le, Liquor Adthe'reus Sul- 
phuricus, Spiritus Vitriol! dulcis, Spiritus Adthe- 
ris vitriol'ici, Liquor Sulphuricus alcoolisa'tus, 
Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. (Adther. sulphuric. 
Oss; sp. rec. Oj. Mix. Ph. L.) Stimulant, 
807 
SPIRITUS 
diaphoretic, diuretic, and antispasmodic. Dose, 
f!$ss to 
Spiritus JEtheris Sulpiiurici Compos'itus, 
(Ph. U. S. 1842), Sp. athcris vitriol' ici composi- 
tus, Spiritus jE'theris compositus (Ph. U. S. 1851), 
Liquor anod'ynus Hoffmanni, Compound Spirit 
of Sulphuric Ether, Hoffmann's Anodyne Liquor. 
(xEther Sulphuric. Oss; Alcohol, Oj ; 01. Hither. 
Ph- U. S. Ph. L.) Mix. A stimulant 
and antispasmodic. Specific gravity, 0.816. 
Spiritus 2Etheris Vitriolici Cojipositus, 
Spiritus aitheris sulphuric, comp. 
Spiritus Ajuio'ni-e, A/'AiaZt ammoni'acani 
spirituo'sum, Al'cohol ammonia'turn, Sp. sails am- 
moni'aci, Ammoni'aca alcoholisa'ta, Liquor am- 
mo'nii vino'sus, L. ammonia spirituo'sus, Lixiv'- 
ium ammoniaca'le viiio'sum, Spiritus salis am- 
moni'aci vino'sus seu dulcis seu dulcijica'tus, 
Solu'tio subcarbona'tie ammoni'aci spirituo'sa, 
(F.) Esprit d'ammoniaqne. (Ammon, muriat. in 
pulv. subtilissim., calcis, aa fbj ; alcohol, ; 
aqua, i'5'x- The water is employed to slake 
the lime; the muriate of ammonia is then well 
mixed with it, and by means of heat, the ammo- 
nia is made to pass into the distilled water con- 
tained in a quart bottle. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant 
and antispasmodic. Dose, f to f Zj. 
Spiritus Ammonite AromatTcus, Alcohol am- 
monia'turn aromaticum, Aromatic animonia'ted Al- 
cohol, Sal volat'ile Drops, Spiritus salis volat'ilis 
oleo'sus, Sp. volatilis aromaticus, Sal volatile oleo- 
sum Sylvii, Sp. ammonia compos'itus, Tinctu'ra 
aromatica ammoniata, Liquor oleo'sus Sylvii, 
Lixiv'ium ammoniaca'le aromaticum. (Ammon, 
muriat. ijv; Potass, carb. 5yiij, ctnwani. cont., 
caryophyll. cont.aa 3'J i Limon, cort. f, iv ; alco- 
hol., aqua aa, Ov. M. Distil Ovijss. Stimulant. 
Dose, fgss to fgj. 
Spiritus Ammonite Cojipositus, Spiritus aro- 
maticus. 
Spiritus Ammonite Fce'tidus, Sp. volat'ilis 
fatidus, Fit Drops, Al'cohol ammonia'tum foeti- 
dum, Tinctu'ra asafaetida ammoniata, Fetid Spirit 
of Ammonia. (Sp. ammonia Oij, asafaetida gij. 
Macerate for 12 hours, and distil Oiss. Ph.'L.) 
Stimulant and antispasmodic. Dose, to f(Jj. 
Spiritus Ajimonle Succina'tus, Suceinated 
Spirit of Ammonia, Common Eau de Luce, Am- 
moni'acum succina'tum, Aqua Lu'cia, Liquor ex 
Ammonia, et Oleo Suc'cini, Liquor ex'citans, Spi- 
ritus Ammonia cum Suc'cino, Sp. Salis Ammoni'- 
aci lactes'cens seu lacteus. (Mastich. sp. 
red. fSJix, ol. lavand, gtt. xiv, ol. succin. gtt. iv 
liq. ammon. Macerate the mastich in the 
alcohol, and pour off the clear tincture: add the 
rest and shake. Ph. L.) Stimulant and anti- 
spasmodic. Dose, gtt. x to f gss, or 
Spiritus Animales, see Nervous fluid. 
Spiritus Ani'si, Spiritus Anisi compos'itus, 
Aqua anisi for'tis, Aqua Sem'inum Anisi compo- 
sita, Spirit of An'iseed, (F.) Esprit d'anis. (Anisi 
sem. cont. Ibss, spirit tenuior. cong., aqua quod 
satis sit ad prohibenduin empyreuma. Ph. L.) 
Carminative. Dose, to fjss. In the com- 
pound spirit, angelica is usually an ingredient. 
Spiritus Anthos, Spiritus rosmarini. 
Spiritus Compos'itus, Sp. Raph'- 
ani compositus, Aqua Jlaphani composita, Com- 
pound Spirit of Horseradish, (F.) Esprit de rai- 
fort compose. (Armorac. rad. recent, concis., 
aiirant. cort. exsicc., sing. Ibj, myrist. nuc. contus. 
3ss, spirit, ten. cong. q. s. ad prohibendum 
empyreuma. Ph. L.) Stimulant and antiscor- 
butic. (?) Dose, fgj, to 
The Golden Spirit of Scurvy grass-an em- 
pirical preparation - is formed by adding gam- 
boge 3v*'j, to one gallon of the sp. armoracun 
compositus. SPIRITUS 
Greenough's Tincture for the teeth, is formed of 
amygd. amar. gij, lig. Bresil., cassia bacc., aa 
giv, irid. Florent. gij, cocdnell., sal. acetosella, 
alum, aa £j, sp. vin. rect. Oij, sp. armoracia comp. 
f§ss. 
Spiritus Beguinis, Ammonite sulphuretum - 
s. Bellidis, see Osmitopsis asteriscoides. 
Spiritus Camph'ora:, Sp. camphora'tus, Sp. 
vino'sus camphoratus, Tinctu'ra Camphora, (Ph. 
U. S.) Spirit of 117/ie and Camphor, Spirit of 
Camphor, (F.) Esprit de Camphre, Alcool camphre, 
Eau de Vie camphree. (Camphor, alcohol. 
Oij. Dissolve.) Stimulant, anodyne and discu- 
tient. Used only externally. 
Spiritus Car'ui, Sp. Cari Carui, Spirit of 
Car'raway, Aqua Sem'inum Caruifortis, A. Sem'- 
inum Carui, Strong Carui Waters, (F.) Esprit de 
Carvi. (Carui sem. cont. Ibiss, sp. tenuior. cong., 
aquce q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Carmina- 
tive. Dose, fgj to 
Spiritus Cinnamo'mi, Sp. Lauri Cinnamomi, 
Spirit of Cin'namon, Aqua Cinnamomi fortis, 
Aqua Cinnam. spirituo'sa, Strong Cinnamon Wa- 
ter, (F.) Esprit de Cannelle. (Cort, cinnam. 
sp. rect. Oivss.) Stimulant and carminative. 
Dose, fgj to 
Spiritus Col'chici Ammonia'tus, Ammoniated 
Spirit of Oolchicum. (Sem. colchic. cont. sp. 
amnion, aromat. Oj. Ph. L.) Narcotic, cathar- 
tic, and diuretic. Used in gout, rheumatism, and 
dropsy. Dose, from gtt. xxx to fgj. 
Spiritus Cornu Cervi, Liquor C. C. - s. Fu- 
mans Beguini, Ammonite sulphuretum-s. Geni- 
talis, Aura seminis. 
Spiritus Junip'eri Compos'itus, Compound 
Spirit of Juniper, Aqua Junip'eri composita, (F.) 
Esprit de genievre compose. ( 01. junip. giss, 01. 
carui, 01. foenicul., aa fix ; Alcohol dilut. cong. 
Solve. Ph. U. S.) Stimulant and diuretic. Dose, 
fgj to 
Spiritus Lauri Cinnamomi, Spiritus cinna- 
momi. 
Spiritus Lavan'dula:, Sp. Lavandula spica, 
Spirit of Lav'ender, Sp. Lavand. rimpl., Laven- 
der Water, (F.) Esprit de Lavande. (Lavand. 
recent. Ibij, Alcohol, cong., aquce Oij. Distil a 
gallon.) Usually made by adding the oil to 
rectified spirit. Used as a perfume chiefly. 
Spiritus Lavandulae Compos'itus, Tinctu'ra 
Lavandula composita, Ped Hartshorn, Lavender 
drops, Compound Spirit of Lavender, (F.) Esprit 
de Lavande compose. (Sp. Lavand. Oiij, sp. ros- 
marin. Oj, cinnam.. contus. gj, myristic, cont. 
caryophyll. cont. gij, santali cone. giij. Mace- 
rate for 14days, and filter through paper. Stimu- 
lant. Dose, gtt. xl to fgij. 
Spiritus Lethalis, Carbonic acid-s. Lum- 
bricorum, Liquor volatilis cornu cervi. 
Spiritus Mentha: Piperi'ta:, Spirit of Pep- 
permint, Aqua Mentha piperit' idis spirituo'sa, 
Sp. Mentha piperit'idis (F.) Esprit de Menthe 
poivree. (Olei menth. pip. sp. rectif. 
Oivss, aqua, q. s. distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Car- 
minative and stimulant. Dose, fgss to fgiij. 
Spiritus Mentha: Sativa:, Spiritus menth® 
viridis. 
Spiritus Mentha: Vir'idis, Spearmint, Spi- 
ritus mentha sati'va, Aqua Mentha vulga'ris 
spirituo'sa, (F.) Esprit de Menthe verte. (Olei 
Menth. virid. Qviss, sp. rectif. Oivss, aq. q. s. 
Distil a gallon. Ph. L.) Like the last in pro- 
perties and dose. 
Spiritus Millepedarum, Liquor cornu cervi. 
Spiritus Myris'tica:, Spiritus Myristica Mos- 
cha'ta, Sp. Muds Moschata, Aqua Nucis Mos- 
chata, Nutmeg Water, Aqua Nephrit'ica, (F.) 
808 
SPIRITUS 
Esprit de Muscade. (Myrist. cont. Alcohol, 
dil. cong., aqua Oj. Distil a gallon.) Cordial 
and carminative. Dose, to 
Spiritus Myrti Pimentas, Spiritus piment® 
- s. Nitri acidus, Nitric acid - s. Nitri dulcis, 
Spiritus mtheris nitrici - s. Nitri duplex, Nitric 
acid - s. Nitri finnans, Nitric acid - s. Nitri 
Glauberi, Nitric acid-s. Nitri simplex, see Ni- 
tric acid - s. Nitri vulgaris, see Nitric acid - s. 
Nueis moschatre, Spiritus myristic®- s. Oph- 
thalmicus Mindereri, Liquor ammonia) acetatis. 
Spiritus Pimen'TjE, Sp. Myrti Pimenta, Spi- 
ritus Pimento, Spirit of Pimento, Aqua Mirab'- 
ilis. (01. Piment. f. Alcohol, dilut. cong. 
Solve. Ph. U. S.) Cordial and carminative. Dose, 
f3j to 
Spiritus Pule'gii, Spirit of Pennyroyal, Aqua 
Pulegii spirituo'sa, Spirituous Pennyroyal Water, 
(F.) Esprit de Pouliot. (Olei pulegii sp. 
red. Oivss, aqua, q. s. Distil a gallon. Ph. 
L.) Same as spirit of spearmint in properties 
and dose. 
Spiritus Pyro-aceticus, Acetone. 
Spiritus Rectifica'tus, Sp. Vini rectificatus, 
(Enostag'ma, (Enela'um, Pyroe'nus, Sp. Vino'- 
sua rectificatus, Al'cohol, A. Vini, Spirit of Wine, 
(F.) Esprit de Vin redifit. Rectified spirit is 
much used in Pharmacy to dissolve resinous and 
other substances. It is seldom exhibited inter- 
nally; although it exists in the diluted state in 
all vinous and spirituous liquors. Externally, it 
is employed as a discutient. - S. g., according to 
the London Pharmacopceia, 0.838; according to 
that of Dublin, 0.840; of Edinburgh and United 
States, 0.835, (see Alcohol,) and of Paris, 0.819 
to 0.827. 
Spiritus Rector, Aroma - s. Raphani com- 
positus, Spiritus arinoraci® compositus. 
Spiritus Rosmari'ni, Sp. Rosmarini ojfici- 
na'lia, Spirit of Rosemary, Spiritus Anthos, Hun- 
gary Water, (F.) Esprit de Romarin. (Ol. ros- 
marini Alcohol, cong. Solve. Ph. U. S.) 
Stimulant. Dose, fjj to f!Jiv. 
Spiritus Salis Acidus seu Fumans, Muria- 
ticum acidum - s. Salis ainmoniaei, Spiritus 
ammonite - s. Salis nmmoninci aquosus, Liquor 
ammonia)- s. Salis ammoniuci lactescens seu 
lacteus, Spiritus ammonia) succinatus - s. Salis 
ammoniaci sulphuratus, Ammonia) sulphuretum 
-s. Salis Glauberi, Muriaticuin acidum-s. Salis 
marini, Muriaticuin acidum->s. Salis marini 
coagulatus, Potass® murias - s. Salis volatilis 
oleosus, Spiritus ammonia aromaticus - s. Sul- 
phurico-athereus camphoratus, Tinctura atherea 
composita - s. Sulphurico-aethereus martialis, 
Tinctura seu Alcohol sulphurico-a)thereus ferri 
- s. Sulphuris, Sulphurous acid - s. Sulphuris 
per campanain, Sulphurous acid - s. Sulphuris 
volatilis, Ammonite sulphuretum - s. Sulphuro- 
sus volatilis, Sulphurous acid. 
Spiritus Tenu'ior, Alcohol diln'tum, Spiritus 
vino'sus tenu'ior, Proof Spirit (F.) Esprit de vin 
delaye. Generally made for pharmaceutical pur- 
poses, by mixing equal parts of rectified spirit 
and water. S. g. Lond. 0.920; Edinb. and 
United States, 0.935. It is employed in the 
same cases as those in which the alcohol is used: 
- chiefly, as a solvent of vegetable matters, in 
the form of tinctures. 
Spiritus Veneris, Aceticum acidum - s. Vini 
rectificatus, Spiritus rectificatus-s. Vinosus cam- 
phoratus, Spiritus camphor®-s. Vinosus tenuior, 
Spiritus tenuior - s. Vitalis, Nervous fluid - s. 
Vitrioli, Sulphuric acid - s. Vitrioli acidus Vog- 
leri, Sulphuricum acidum dilutum - s. Vitrioli 
coagulatus Mynsichti, Potass® sulphas-s. Vitrioli 
dulcis, Spiritus atheris sulphurici - s. Vitrioli 
phlogisticatus, Sulphurous acid - s. Volatilis SPIROID CANAL 
aromaticus, Spiritus ammonite aromaticus - s. 
Volatilis foetidus, Spiritus ammonite foetidus. 
SPIROID CANAL, Aquaeductus Fallopii. 
SPIROM'ETER; badly compounded from 
spiro, ' I breathe,' and ptrpov, 'a measure -pro- 
perly Anapnom'eter, Pneusom'eter, Pneumom'eter, 
Pneumatom'eter. Any instrument for measuring 
the quantity of air concerned in respiration, and, 
jonsequently, the capacity of the lungs. 
SPIROPTERA HOMINIS, see Worms. 
SPISSANTIA, Incrassantia. 
SPIT, Sputum. 
SPIT'AL, MINERAL WATERS OF. The 
vrllage of Spital is situate on the south side of 
the Tweed, near Tweedmouth. The springs there 
contain chloride of calcium, sulphate of soda, sul- 
phate and carbonate of lime. They act as saline 
cathartics. 
SPITH'AMA, Dorans. A measure of twelve 
fingers' breadth. 
SPITTING, Exspuition. 
SPITTLE, Saliva-s. Sweet, see Salivation. 
SPLANCHNA, Entrails. 
SPLANCHNECTOP'IA, Splanchnodias'tasis, 
Situs perver'sue seu anoni'alus intestino'rum ; from 
' an intestine,' ck, ' out of,' and ronot, 
'place.' Misplacement or ectopia of the intes- 
tines. 
SPLANCIINELMINTHA, Worms. 
SPLANCIINEURYS'MA, from cirXayxyov, 'an 
intestine,' and cvpvvw, ' I dilate.' Morbid dilata- 
tion of the intestines. 
SPLANCHNIC, Splanch'nieus, Vis'ceral, from 
axXayxyov, ' viscus.' Relating or belonging to the 
viscera. 
Splanchnic Cav'ities are the three great ca- 
vities of the body; - those of the cranium, chest, 
and abdomen. 
Splanchnic Nerves belong to the great sym- 
pathetic, and are two in number on each side. 
They are distinguished into : - 1. The great 
splanchnic nerve, (F.) Grand surrtnal (Ch.), 
Its roots-four or five in number, come from the 
6th, 7th, Sth, 9th, and sometimes the 10th, tho- 
racic ganglia. They descend inwards, on the 
sides of the vertebral column, beneath the pleura, 
and unite into a single trunk, which enters the 
abdomen through a separation of the fleshy fibres 
of the pillars of the diaphragm ; passes behind 
the stomach, and divides into several brandies, 
which pass into the semilunar ganglion. 2. The 
lesser splanchnic nerve, Renal nerve, (F.) Splanch- 
nique accessoire of Walther, Petit surrtnal, (Ch.,) 
is composed of two distinct branches, proceeding 
from the 10th and 11th thoracic ganglion, which 
unite on the 12th dorsal vertebra into a cord, that 
pierces the diaphragm singly; enters the abdo- 
men, and divides into two branches, one of which 
anastomoses with the greater splanchnic nerve, 
whilst the other sends its filaments to the renal 
and solar plexuses. 
SPLANCII'NICA. Medicines adapted to dis- 
eases of the bowels. Also, the 2d order of the 
class Caliaca of Good ; defined,-diseases affect- 
ing the collatitious viscera, and characterized by 
disquiet or diseased action in the organs auxiliary 
to the digestive process, without primary inflam- 
mation. 
SPLANCIINODIASTASIS, Splanchnectopia. 
SPLANCHNOD'YNE, from 'a vis- 
cus,' and olwn, ' pain.' Pain in the bowels. 
SPLANCHNOGRAPIIIA, Splanchnography. 
SPLANCHNOG'RAPHY, Splanchnogra'phia, 
from <n:\ayxyov, ' a viscus,' and Xoyo;, ' a descrip- 
tion.' The part of anatomy which treats of the 
viscera. 
809 
SPLENIC 
SPLANCHNOLITHI'ASIS; from cn\ayXnss, 
'a viscus/ and \160s, 'a stone.' The formation 
of a calculous concretion in any viscus. 
SPLANCHNOL'OGY, Spla.nchnolog"ia, from 
'a viscus/ and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' A 
treatise on the viscera:-also, Splanchnography. 
SPLANCHNOPATHI'A, from <Ht\ayXv0v, 'a 
viscus/ and iruSoj, ' suffering.' A disease of the 
intestines. 
SPLANCHNOSCLERO'SIS, from <nrXayX.w, 
' a viscus/ and ' hard.' Induration of a 
viscus. 
SPLANCHNOT'OMY, Splanch notom' ia, 
Splanchnot'onte, from airhayXvov, 'a viscus/ and 
rtpvio, ' I cut.' Dissection or anatomy of the 
viscera. 
SPLAYFOOT, see Kyllosis. 
SPLEEN, Lien, Hepar sinis'trum seu adulte- 
ri'num, (F.) Rate. A soft, spongy, parenchyma- 
tous organ; of a more or less deep violet red, 
situate deeply in the left hypochondrium, below 
the diaphragm, above the colon, between the great 
tuberosity of the stomach and the cartilages of 
the false ribs, and above and anterior to the kid- 
ney. Its ordinary length is 4| inches; its thick- 
ness 2X; and its weight 8 ounces. Its parenchyma, 
which is bathed in blood, contains a multitude of 
grayish, soft, and semi-transparent granulations 
- splenic corpuscles or Malpighian bodies of the 
spleen. It is covered by a serous membrane, 
furnished by the peritoneum; and by a proper 
coat, of a fibrous nature, which is intimately united 
with it, and transmits into its interior delicate, 
solid, and very elastic prolongations - trabeculce. 
At its inner edge is a fissure, by which the 
vessels and nerves enter the organ. The func- 
tions of the spleen are unknown. One of the 
latest opinions is, that it belongs to the lymphatic 
system ; and acts as a diverticulum to the vas- 
cular system. 
Spleen, Hypochondriasis - s. Malpighian bo- 
dies of the, see Spleen-s. Supernumerary, Lien- 
culus. 
SPLEENWORT, Asplenium, A. filix fcemina, 
Asplenium scolopendrium - s. Bush, Comptonia 
asplenifolia. 
SPLENAL'GIA, Neural'gia lie'nis, Sple'nica, 
Splenodyn'ia, from c-ttXjjv, 'the spleen/ and aXyoj, 
'pain.' Pain in the spleen. 
Splenalgia Bengalensis, see Cachexia, sple- 
nic- s. Phlegmonodea, Splenitis - s. Subinflam- 
matoria chronica, Splenoncus. 
SPLENATROPII'IA, Atroph'ia Lie'nis, from 
arr\>)v, ' spleen/ and atrophia, 'atrophy.' Wasting 
or atrophy of the spleen. 
SPLENAUXE, Splenoncus. 
SPLENECTAMA, Splenoparectama. 
SPLENECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
SPLENECTOM'IA, Sjplenec'tome, from 
'the spleen/ «, 'out of/ and 'I cut.' Ex- 
tirpation of the spleen. 
SPLENECTOP'IA, Disloca'tio lie'nis seu sple- 
nis; from oithnv, 'the spleen/ and iktotoj, 'out 
of place.' Dislocation of the spleen. Not a com- 
mon occurrence. 
SPLENEMPHRAX'IS, Splenophrax'ia, from 
<rir\nv, 'the spleen/ and 'I obstruct.* 
Obstruction of the spleen.-Vogel. See Splenon- 
cus. 
SPLENES, Hypochondriasis. 
SPLENET'ICUS, Sple'nieus, Splenit'iens, Lie- 
no'sus, (F.) Ratileux. That which relates to the 
spleen : one labouring under diseased spleen. A 
medicine adapted for diseases of the spleen. 
SPLENIC, Sple'nieus, Sple'nius, from cit\rr»t 
' the spleen.' That which relates to the spleen. SPLENICA 
Splenic Artery. It arises from the coeliac; 
and passes from right to left, forming many 
windings along the upper edge of the pancreas, 
which lodges it in a special groove. It reaches 
the fissure of the spleen, and divides into several 
branches that enter the organ. In its course it 
furnishes the pancreatic, left gastro-epiploic, and 
the vasa brevia. 
Splenic Cachexia, see Cachexia splenica-s. 
Corpuscles, see Spleen. 
Splenic Plexus is a nervous network, which 
proceeds from the coeliac plexus, and accompa- 
nies the splenic artery, sending secondary plex- 
uses to each division. 
Splenic Vein arises from the spleen, and ac- 
companies the splenic artery; proceeding from 
left to right, to unite with the superior mesenteric 
vein, and to form, with it, the abdominal vena 
porta. In its course, it receives veins correspond- 
ing to the vasa brevia, the right and left gastro- 
epiploic, the duodenal, pancreatic, coronaria ven- 
triculi, and inferior mesenteric veins. 
SPLENICA, Splenalgia. Also, medicines which 
affect the spleen. - Pereira. 
SPLENICUS, Spleneticus, Splenic. 
SPLENIOLA, Compress. 
SPLENIS TUMOR, Ague cake. 
SPLENIRATION, Splenization. 
SPLENISCUS, Compress. 
SPLENITICUS, Splenic. 
SPLENI'TIS, from an-Xi/v, 'the spleen,' and 
t'tw, denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
spleen. Empres'ma splenitis, Inflamma'tiolie'nis, 
I. splenis, Splenal'gia phlegmono'dea, (F.) Inflam- 
mation de la Rate. A rare disease, characterized 
by local pain, swelling, and heat, which sometimes 
terminates by suppuration. It must be treated 
like other inflammations. 
SPLENIUM, Compress - s. Corporis Callosi, 
see Corpus callosum - s. Cruciatum, Croix de 
Malte. ~ 
SPLE'NIUS, (S'. Cap'itis, S. Colli, (F.) Cervico- 
dorso-mastdidien et dorso-trachelien, Cervico-mas- 
to'idien (Ch.), Posterior mastoid muscle. So called 
from its resemblance to the spleen of certain ani- 
mals. A muscle situate at the posterior part of 
the neck, and upper part of the back. It is much 
broader above than below', where it terminates in 
a point. It is attached, by its inner edge, to the 
spinous processes of the first five dorsal vertebrae; 
to that of the 7th cervical, and to the inferior part 
of the posterior cervical ligament. By its upper 
extremity, it is attached to the transverse pro- 
cesses of the first two cervical vertebrae, to the 
mastoid process, and to the posterior surface of 
the occipital bone. Some have considered this 
muscle to be formed of two portions, which they 
have called Splenius colli, and Splenius cap'itis. 
The splenius extends the head, inclines it, and 
rotates it. If the splenii of each side act together, 
they extend the head. 
SPLENIZA'TION, Splenizatio, (F.) Splenisa- 
tion, from 'the spleen.' A term applied to 
the state of the lung in the first or second stage 
of pneumonia in which its tissue resembles that 
of the spleen. 
SPLENOCE'LE, Her'nia liena'lis, from 
'the spleen,' and srfht), 'a tumour.' Hernia formed 
by the spleen. 
SPLENODYNIA. Splenalgia. 
S P L E N 0 G' R APIIY, Splenograph'ia, from 
arr\nv. ' the spleen,' and ypatpg, 'a description.' A 
description of the spleen. 
SPLENOIIJE'MIA, (F.) Splenohtmie, from 
<nrA>;», ' the spleen,' and 'aipa, ' blood.' Conges- 
tion or byperaemia of the spleen, a common phe- 
nomenon in many diseases, especially in typhoid 
and intermittent fevers. 
810 
SPONDYLOPATIIIA 
SPLENOID, Splenoi'des, Spleno'dea, from 
<rrXi;v, 'spleen.' and tuios, 'resemblance.' Spleen- 
like. Having tbe appearance of the spleen. 
SPLENOL'OGY, Spleuolog"ia, from 
'the spleen,' and Xoyoj, 'a discourse.' A treatise 
on the spleen. 
SPLENONCIE, Splenoncus. 
SP LENON' C\J S,Megalosple' nia,Hypertroph' ia 
seu Supernutrit"io splenia seu lie'nis, Intumescen'- 
tia seu Infarc'tua seu Physco'nia lienis, Splenal'- 
gia subinfiammato'ria chron'iea, Splenemphrax'is, 
Splenaux'e, Hyperaplenotroph'ia, Lien ingens, 
(F.) Splenoncie, Hypertrophic de la Pate; from 
'the spleen,' and oyxoj, 'a tumour.' Tu- 
mefaction of the spleen. See Ague cake. 
SPLENOPAREC'TAMA, Splencc'tama, Sple- 
noparec' tasis, Splenec' tasis, from orXijv, 'the 
spleen,' and jraptKrapa, 'excessive volume.' Ex- 
cessive enlargement of the spleen.-Ploucquet. 
SPLENOPARECTASIS, Splenoparectama. 
SPLENOPHRAXIA, Splenemphraxis. 
SPLENORRHAG"IA,from crXnv, 'the spleen,' 
and payn, ' rupture.' Hemorrhage from the spleen. 
SPLENOSCIR'RHUS,from anXnv, 'the spleen,' 
and cKippos, 'hardness.' Scirrhus or cancer of the 
spleen. 
SPLENOT'OMY, Splenotom'ia, Splenot'ome, 
from 'the spleen,' and repvm, 'I cut.' Dis- 
section of the spleen. 
SPLINT, Teut. Splinter, from s p 1 i j t e n, 
'to split;' Hastel'la, Ass'ala, Asser'culum, Plag'- 
tda, Narthex, Fer'ula, (F.) Attelle, Eclisse. A 
flexible and resisting lamina of wood, used in the 
treatment of fractures, to keep the fragments in 
apposition, and prevent their displacement. 
Splints are made of iron, wood, bark of trees, 
leather, gutta percha, pasteboard, Ac. They are 
generally padded, and are fixed by a roller or by 
tapes, according to circumstances. 
SPLINTER, (F.) Esqnille. Same etymon. 
This term is sometimes applied to a small portion 
of wood, which occasionally enters the skin, and 
gives occasion to much irritation until it is re- 
moved,-Acu'Zcim lig'nens, (F.) Echarde. 
It is also applied to fragments that separate 
from a fractured or diseased bone. 
SPLITROCK, Ileuchera cortusa. 
SPODIUM GRJECORUM, Album graecum. 
SPOLIARIUM, Apodyterium. 
SPO'LIATIVE, Spoliati'va, from spolio, ' I 
take away.' Phlebotom'ia spoliati'va, (F.) Saignfe 
spoliative. Blood-letting, used for the purpose 
of diminishing the mass of blood. 
SPOLIATORIUM, Apodyterium. 
S P 0 N DY LAL 'G IA, Spondylodyn'ia, from 
avovXvXos, 'a vertebra,' and aXyoj, 'pain.' Pain 
in the vertebrae. Cacorrhachitis. See Vertebral 
Disease. 
SPONDYLARTHRI'TIS, from awvtvXos, 'a 
vertebra,' apQpov, 'a joint,' and itis, denoting in- 
flammation. Gouty or rheumatic inflammation 
of the spinal column. 
SPONDTLARTHROCACE, Vertebral disease. 
SPONDYLI, Vertebrae. 
SPONDYLIS. Coccyx. 
SP0AD1 LI'TIS, Inflamma'tio ver'tebrcr, from 
airovlvXos, and itis, denoting inflammation. In- 
flammation of the vertebra;. 
SPONDYLIUM, Coccyx, Heracleum spondy- 
liuin. 
SP0ND1 LOCACE, Vertebral disease. 
SPONDYLODYNIA, Spondylalgia. 
SPONDYLOPATHI'A, from airovfvXos, 'a ver- 
tebra,' and -rraftot, ' a disease.' A disease of the 
vertebral column. SPONDYLOPYOSIS 
SPONDYLOPYOSIS, Vertebral disease. 
SPOND'YLUS, <nroviv\os. A vertebra; and, 
especially, the two large cervical vertebrae. Also, 
the vertex. 
SPONGE, BASTARD, Alcyonium. 
SPONGI. The tumefied glands of the neck. 
SPON'GIA, Spongos, Sphongus, Spongia offi- 
cina'lis, Spon'gia Mari'na, Sponge, (F.) Eponge. 
An organized marine substance, of the great class 
of Zoophytes, met with in many seas, but espe- 
cially in the Mediterranean and Arabian. It is 
supple, elastic, porous, and capable of absorbing 
fluids in which it may be placed, and of thus in- 
creasing in size. It is employed in surgery, for 
cleansing or washing; for absorbing acrid dis- 
charges from ulcers; suppressing hemorrhage 
when the mouth of the vessel can be compressed 
by it, and for forming tents for dilating wounds; 
in which case, the sponge is immersed in melting 
wax, and cooled before being used. It is then 
called Prepared Sponge or Sponge Tent. 
Spongia Assa, S. Usta-s. Cynosbati, Bedegar. 
Spongia Usta, >S*. Assa, Carbo spon'gia, Burnt 
Sponge, contains carbonate and phosphate of lime, 
carbonate of soda, charcoal, and iodine. It is 
used in bronchocele, scrofulous affections, and 
herpetic eruptions; and its good effects seem to 
be dependent upon iodine. It is made by cutting 
sponge into pieces, and heating it, that any ex- 
traneous matter may be separated ; burning it in 
a close iron vessel until it becomes black and 
friable, and, lastly, rubbing it into very fine 
powder. - Ph. U. S. 
SPON'GI-E LAPIS. A name given to small 
friable stones found in sponge. They were for- 
merlv esteemed lithontriptie. 
SPONGIODES, Spongoid. 
SPONGIOLE, Spongiolum : from anoyyiov, 'a 
small sponge.' The soft succulent extremity of the 
fibrils or true roots of a plant, by which it absorbs 
or sucks up fluid. Similar spongioles have been 
supposed to exist at the terminations of the 
absorbents in animals. 
SPON'GION. Ancient name of an epithem 
made of goats' dung: and also of a malagma, 
which was considered capable of absorbing the 
serum in dropsies, like a sponge. - Paulus, Gor- 
raaus. 
SPONGIOSUM (OS), Ethmoid bone. 
SPONGIOSUS, Spongoid. 
SPONGOID, Spongoides, Spongio' des, Spon- 
gio'sus, from aroyyia, ' sponge,' and c<<5os, ' resem- 
blance.' Resembling sponge. Of the nature of 
sponge. 
Spongoid Inflammation, Hannatodes fungus. 
Spongoid Tissue, (F.) Tissu spongoide. An 
adventitious spongy tissue, found in cases of 
rickets. - Guerin. 
SPONGOS, Tonsil. 
SPONSA SOLIS, Calendula officinalis. 
SPONTA'NEOUS, Sponta'neus, from sponte, 
'voluntarily.' That which occurs of itself, or 
without any manifest external cause. Evacua- 
tions are termed spontaneous, which are not pro- 
duced by medicine. Sponta'neous las'situde is 
that which is not the result of fatigue. Diseases 
are also sponfaneon* which supervene without 
apparent cause. Sponta'neous Amputa'tion is the 
separation of a limb from the foetus in utero. 
Spontaneous Evolution, see Evolution - s. 
Version. Evolution, spontaneous. 
SPOA ThPARITl?, Generation, spontaneous. 
SPOONWOOD, Kalmia latifolia. Tilia. 
SPORAD'IC, Spor'ades, Sporad'ici, Aforbi dis- 
per'si, Morbi sparsi, from n-ruptn, 'to spread.' 
Diseases are so called which supeivene indiffer- 
ently in every season and situation, from acci- 
811 
SPUTUM 
dental causes, and independently of any epidemic 
or contagious influence. 
SPOKE, Spor'ule, Sporum, Spor'ulum, from 
arrcipu), ' I sow.' The reproductive body in cryp- 
togaraous plants, which is analogous to the seed 
of phanerogamous plants. 
SPORID'IUM; same etymon. The reproduc- 
tive body in algaceous plants, which resembles 
the spore of other plants. 
SPORULE, Spore. 
SPORUM, Spore. 
SPOTS, GERMINAL, see Molecule. 
Spots, Red, (F.) Taches rouges, Rose spots. 
Small red spots which appear in typhoid fever, 
from the 8th to the 15th day of the disease. They 
are most frequently seen on the lower and middle 
portions of the chest, and upper part of the ab- 
domen. 
Spots, Rose, Spots, red. 
SPRAIN, corrupted from strain : - Subluxa'- 
tio, Distor'tio, Dias'trophe, Diastrem'ma, Luxa'- 
tio imperfec'ta, Exarthre'ma, Exarthro'sis, Strem- 
ma, Thlasma Stremma ; a wrench, (F.) Detorse, 
Entarse, Foulure. A violent straining or twisting 
of the soft parts surrounding the joints. Accor- 
ding to the degree of the sprain, the fibrous parts 
of the joint may be simply stretched, or they 
may be ruptured. This affection, which has been 
regarded as incomplete luxation, occurs, particu- 
larly, in the ginglymoid joints ; - as in the foot, 
wrist, knee, Ac. The violence causes an afflux 
of blood; the serum of the blood is poured out, 
and often the blood itself, owing to the rupture 
of vessels ; and inflammation arises, which ends 
in resolution or induration. Local, antiphlogistic 
applications are required, with perfect rest; and, 
when the inflammatory action has subsided, cold 
pumping and friction, with the application of a 
plaster and bandage, will afford support till the 
parts affected recover theip due tone. 
SPRAT, YELLOW-BILLED, Clupea thryssa. 
SPRUCE BEER, White Spruce Beer. A beer 
made as follows: To 10 gallons of water, add 6 
pounds of sugar, and 4 oz. of essence of spruce. 
Add yeast, and bottle, when ready. It is grate- 
ful and antiscorbutic. 
Spruce Beer Powders may be formed of 
M'Aite sugar, £j, and J)ij ; soda subcarb., gr. xxvj; 
essence of spruce, gr. x, in each blue paper; and 
acid of tartar, gss in each white paper. For half 
a pint of water. 
SPUITIO, Exspuition. 
SPUMA ARGENTI, Plumbi oxydum semi- 
vitreum-s. Cerevisiae, Vest-s. Trium draconum, 
Antimonium muriatum. 
SPUME UX, Frothy. 
SPUMOSUS, Frothy. 
SPUNK, Boletus igniarius. 
SPUR, Sax. rput', (F.) Eperon des ArtZres. 
The angle at which the arteries leave a cavity or 
trunk. 
Spur, Ergot. 
SPURGE, CAPER, Euphorbia lathyris - s. 
Cypress, Euphorbia Cyparissias-s. Flaxi Daphne 
gnidium - s. J lowering, large, Euphorbia corol- 
lata-s. Garden, Euphorbia lathyris-s. Greater, 
Euphorbia palustris-s. Ipecacuanha, Euphorbia 
ipecacuanha - s. Laurel, Daphne laureola - s. 
Marsh, Euphorbia palustris - s. Olive, Cneorum 
tricoceum-s. Olive, Daphne mezereum - s. Sea, 
Euphorbia paralias. 
SPI TA, PRUNE JUICE, see Prune Juice. 
SPUTAMEN. Saliva, Sputum. 
SPUTAMENTUM, Saliva, Sputum. 
SPUTATIO, Exspuition. 
SPUTATION. Exspuition. 
SPUTUM, Plural, Sputa, Apoc hrem'ma.Chrefti- 
ma, Emptys'ma, Sputa'men, Pty'elon, Pytis'ma, SQUALLING 
Spit, from spuere, sputum, 'to spit.' (F.) Orachat. 
The secretions ejected from the mouth in the act 
of spitting. It is composed of saliva, and of the 
mucus secreted by the mucous membrane of the 
nasal fossae and fauces, and often by the mem- 
brane of the larynx and bronchia. The sputa 
are, sometimes, called eruginous, when of a green- 
ish-yellow colour ; gummy, when they resemble 
a thick solution of gum; frothy, (F.) mousseux, 
when covered with froth; rubiginous, (F.) ru6i- 
gineux ou rouilles, when of a reddish-yellow; and 
streaked, (F.) stries, when mixed with lines of 
blood. Also, saliva. 
Sputum Cruentum, Haemoptysis - s. Dulce, 
Saccharorrhcea pultnonalis-s. Oris, Salivation- 
s. Saccharatum, Saccharorrhcea pulmonalis - s. 
Sanguinis, Haemoptysis. 
SQUALLING, Vagitus. 
SQUAMA, Scale, Table. 
SQUAM-H, Scaly diseases. 
SQUAMARIA, Plumbago Europaea. 
SQUAMEUX, Squamous. 
SQUAMIFORMIS, Squamous. 
SQUAMOUS, tS'q'aamo'sKS, LepidoTdes, Lepi- 
do'des, Squamifor'mis, Scaly; from squama, ' a 
Beale.' That which relates to or resembles a scale. 
Squamous Portion of the temporal bone, (F.) 
Portion squameu.se ou icaillcuse du Temporal, is 
the upper part of the temporal, so called from a 
fancied resemblance to a scale. 
Squamous Suture, Sutu'ra squamo'sa, S. men- 
do'sa seu lepidoei'des seu lepido'des, Sutu'ra cra'- 
nii squamo'sa, (F.) Suture squameuse ou teail- 
leuse. The suture which unites the squamous 
portion of the temporal bone to the parietal. 
Certain scaly cutaneous affections are also 
called squamous, (F.) squameux. See Scale. 
SQUARE STALK, Monarda coccinea. 
SQUAW-MINT, Hedeoma. 
SQUAW-ROOT, Actaea racemosa, Caulophyl- 
lum thalictroides. 
SQUAW-WEED, Erigeron Philadelphicum. 
SQUEAMISHNESS, Fastidium cibi. 
SQUEAZINESS, Nausea. 
SQUELETTE, Skeleton. 
SQUELETTOLOGIE, Skeletology. 
SQUILL, Scilla-s. Vinegar of, Acetum scillae. 
SQUILLA, Scilla. 
SQU1NANCIE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsil- 
aris. 
SQUINANCY,COMMON, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
SQUINANTHIA, Cynanche. 
SQUINANTHUS, Juncus odoratus. 
SQUINE, Smilax China. 
SQUINSY, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
SQUINT-EYED, see Strabismus. 
SQUINTER, see Strabismus. 
SQUINTING. Strabismus. 
SQUIRRE, Scirrhus. 
SQUIRREL CORN, Dicentra Canadensis. 
SQUIRROGASTRIE, Scirrhogastria. 
SQUIRRUS, Scirrhus. 
SQUIRT, Svringe. 
STACHELBERG, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Stachelberg Springs are far down in the valley 
of the Linth, in Switzerland. The waters are 
sulphureous, and are much visited by gouty and 
yheumatic invalids. 
STACIIYS FtETIDA, Galeopsis. 
STACTE, Myrrlia. 
STADE, Stage. 
STADIUM, Period, Stage. 
Sta'dium Acmes seu Sta'seos. The period of 
the height of a disease. 
Sta'dium AxNiniLATio'Nis seu Convalescen'- 
tias seu Reconvalescentia:. The period of 
recovery from disease. 
Stadium Augmen'ti seu Incremen'ti Morbi. 
The period or stage of increase of a disease. 
812 
STAPHISAIGRE 
Stadium Caloris, Stage, (hot) - s. Convales- 
centiae, S. annihilationis. 
Stadium Decremen'ti. The period or stage 
of decrease of a disease. 
Stadium Frigoris, Stage, (cold) - s. Incre- 
ment! Morbi, S. Augment! morbi-s. Latentis Con- 
tagii, Prodromus - s. Opportunitatis, Prodromus 
- s. Prodromorum, Prodromus - s. Reconvales- 
centiae, S. Annihilationis. 
STAFF, (D.) Staf. An instrument of great 
importance in lithotomy,-being the director for 
the gorget or knife. It is made of steel; and the 
handle is flat and rough, in order that it may be 
more securely held. The groove is on its convex 
surface. 
STAFF TREE, CLIMBING, Celastrus scan- 
dens. 
STAFFA. Stapes. 
STAG'S PIZZLE, see Cervus. 
STAGE, Sta'dium, (F.) Estage, Etage, Stade. 
The period or degree of a disease; especially the 
period of an intermittent: - as the cold stage, - 
sta'dium. fri'goris-hot stage, &e. 
STAGGERWEED, Delphinium. 
STA'GIUM. The sixth part of an ounce. 
STAGMA, from ' I distil;' Stalag'ma. 
Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
Stagma, Gutta. 
STAGNA'TION, Stagna'tio, from stagnare, 
' to form a pond.' Accumulation and retardation 
of fluids in any part of the body. 
STAGNUM CHYLI, Receptaculum chyli. 
STAHLIAN. One who follows the doctrine 
of Stahl. 
STAIIL'IANISM. The doctrine of Stahl, 
which considered every vital action under the 
direct ion and presidency of the soul. See Animist. 
STALAGMA, Stagma. 
STALAGMI'TIS CAMBOGIOI'DES, N. Cam- 
bo'gia. Gamboge was long ascribed to this fancied 
Ceylonese plant. It is now known, that the nain., 
was given by Murray to specimens of two dist'n** 
trees of different genera. See Cambogia. 
STALAGMOS, Distillation. 
STALTICUS, Incarnans. 
STAMMERING, Balbuties-s. of the Finger* 
Cramp, writers'. 
STAMPING MILL, see Pulverization. 
STANGOS, Tin. 
STANNI MURIAS, Tin, muriate of-s. Oxy 
duli murias, Tin, muriate of-s. Pulvis, see Tin 
STANNIOLUM, Tinfoil. 
STANNUM, Tin - s. Cinereum, Bismuth-s 
Foliatum, Tinfoil-s. Glaciale, Bismuth-s. Gra 
nulatum, see Tin - s. Indicum, Zincum. 
STAPEDIEN, Stapedius. 
STAPE'DIUS, Stapes, (F.) Stapedien, Pyra- 
midal-stapedien. A muscle of the middle eart 
which draws the stapes obliquely upwards. 
STAPES, Stapha, Staffa, 'a stirrup.* (F.( 
Etrier. The innermost of the small bones of the 
ear, so called because it resembles a stirrup. It 
is situate horizontally in the cavity of the tympa- 
num. Its head, which is directed outwards, ii 
articulated with the os orbiculare. Its base faces 
inwards, and is applied to the fenestra ovalis, 
which it closes imperfectly, and to the membrane 
of which it is united. Its branches are one ante- 
rior, and the other posterior. They are curved; 
and the space between them is parabolic. Sur- 
geons have given the name Stapes to a bandage 
usedin bleeding from the foot; which forms a 
figure of 8 around the ankles. 
STAPHA, Stapes. 
STAPHIS, Delphinium staphisagria. 
STAPHISAGRIA, Delphinium staphisagria. 
STAPHISAIGRE, Delphinium staphisagria. STAPHYLJEMATOMA 
STAPHYLJEMATO'MA, from <TTa<liv'Xr], 'the 
uvula,' and haematoma. A tumour formed by ef- 
fusion of blood beneath the mueous membrane 
of the uvula. 
STAPHYLAGRA, Staphylepartes. 
ST A PH YLE, Uvula, see Vitis vinifera. 
STAPHYLEPAR'TES, from 'the 
uvula,' and eitaiptn, 'I lift up.' Staph'ylagra. An 
instrument for laying hold of, and removing the 
uvula.- Paulus. 
STAPHYLINI, see Azygos muscle - s. Medii, 
see Azygos muscle. 
STAPHYLINO-PHARYNGEUS, Palato-pha- 
ryngeus. 
STAPHYLINU8 EXTERNUS, Circumflexus. 
STAPHYLIS, Nipple. 
STAPHYLITIS, Uvulitis. 
STAPHYLIUM, Nipple. 
STAPHYLODIALYSIS, Cionis, Staphyloe- 
dema. 
STAPHYLCEDE'MA, Angi'wa uvula'ris, Dys- 
pha'gia uvulo'sa, Hypostaph'yle, Hypostaphyli'tis, 
Staphylodial'ysis, Prolapsus seu Projyo'sis u'vula, 
Casus u'vula, Himas, Himanto'ma, Himanto'sis, 
Staphylon' cus, Staphylon'cia, (Ede'ma u'vulee,Pro- 
duc'tio urula <i pitui'td, U'vula decid'ua seu re- 
laxa'ta, Oras'pedon. Relaxation and tumefaction 
of the uvula, which, either from inflammation or 
infiltration, hangs down so as to occasion difficult 
deglutition, cough, <tc. Scarification, astringent 
gargles, and, if necessary, excision, constitute the 
treatment. 
STAPIIYLO'MA, from trraQvhn, 'a grape.' 
Uva'tio, Myoceph'alon, Myioceph'alum, Parop'sis 
Staphylo'ma, Staphylo'sis, Polygro'ma, A name 
given to different tumours of the anterior surface 
of the globe of the eye. 
Staphyloma Conicvm, Staphyloma of the cor- 
nea-s. Pellucidum conicam, Staphyloma of the 
cornea. 
Staphyloma of the Cornea, Sugar-loaf Cor- 
nea, Con'ical Cornea, Con'ical hydrophthal'mia, 
Staphylo'ma con'ieum, S. pellu'cidum con'icum, 
Conophthal'mia, Prolap'sus cor'nece, Ceraton'cus, 
Hypercerato'sis, Hypercer'asis, is an unequal, 
embossed, bluish or whitish, round or conical 
tumour; of variable size; formed by the projec- 
tion of the transparent cornea, which is some- 
times extenuated and distended, at others thick- 
ened. 
Staphyloma of the Iris is the disease de- 
scribed by Scarpa under the name Procidentia 
Iridis. It is hernia of the iris, through an acci- 
dental opening of the cornea. Also, iridauxesis. 
Staphyloma of the Sclerot'ic differs from 
the last, in the prominence existing on a part of 
the eye covered by the sclerotic, which is much 
thinner. 
Staphyloma Uveas, Iridauxesis. 
STAPHYLONCIA, Staphyloedema. 
STAPHYL0NCU8, Staphyloedema. 
STAPHYLOPLAS' TIC, Staphyloplas' ticus, 
from ' the uvula,' and rXaao-w, ' I form.' 
An epithet applied to the operation for replacing 
the soft palate, when it has been lost. 
8TAPHY LOR'RAPHY, Velosy nth'esis, Sta- 
phylorrha'phia, Kionorrha'phia, Cionorrhaph'ia, 
Uranor' rhaphe, Uranorrha'phia, Uraniscorrha'- 
phia, Uraniscor'rhaphe, from aratfvAi;, 'the uvu- 
la,' and paipo, 'a suture.' The operation for uni- 
ting a cleft palate. It consists in paring the edges 
of the cleft; passing ligatures through'them, and 
bringing them together. 
STAPHYLOSIS, Staphyloma. 
813 
STATURE 
STAPHYLOT'OMY, Staphylotom'ia, from era- 
ipvXr), ' the uvula,' and ropr), 'incision.' Amputa- 
tion of the uvula. 
STAR-APPLE, BROAD-LEAVED, Chryso- 
phyllum cainito-s. Blazing, Aletris farinosa-s. 
Bloom, Spigelia Marilandica - s. Grass, Aletris 
farinosa, Hypoxys erecta - s. Knap-weed, Cen- 
taurea calcitrappa-s. Stroke, Coup-de-soleil 
- s. Wort, Aletris farinosa-s. Wort, golden, 
Bubonium. 
STARBECK SPA. A chalybeate spring at 
Harrogate. 
STARCH, Amylum - s. Blue, Smalt. 
Starch, Iodide of, lod'idum seu lodure'tum 
Am'yh, Am'ylum ioda'tum, (F.) lodure d' Amidon ; 
prepared by triturating iodine and starch, is said 
to have the eutrophic effects of iodine; but, by 
some, is esteemed inert. Dose, four to six 
grains. 
Starch, Potato, see Solanum tuberosum - s. 
Sugar, Glucose. 
STARKEY'S PILLS, see Pilulse ex helleboro 
et myrrhs. 
STASE, Stasis. 
STASIS, araais, from <zra<o, 'I stop,' (F.) Stase. 
This word has nearly the same signification as 
stagnation. Stagnation, however, sometimes in- 
cludes a morbid condition of the fluids, - Stasis 
never. 
Stasis, Station. 
STATIC. An epithet applied to the physical 
phenomena presented by organized bodies in 
contradistinction to the organic or vital. 
STAT'ICA SEPTI NA'RIUM, Appen'dix cu- 
ta'nea septi na'rium. The cutaneous appendage 
to the septum narium. 
STAT'ICE CAROLINIA'NA of the United 
States, Amer'ican J hrif t,Marsh Rose'mary,Marsh 
Hoot, Seaside Thrift, Tnkroot, Sea Lavender, is 
considered to be a mere variety of the statice li- 
monium. 
Stat'ice Limo'nium, & Marit'imum, Behen ru- 
brum, Limo'nium, L. majus seu vulga're, Behen, Sea 
Lav ender, Bed Behen, Bellmen Ackmar, Marsh 
Rosemary, Lavender Thrift, (F.) Behen rouge. 
Family, Plumbagineae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria 
Pentagynia. The roots have been esteemed as- 
tringent, tonic, and eminently antiseptic. 
Statice Maritimum, S. limonium-s. Vulgare, 
S. limonium. 
STATION, Sta'tio, Stasis, Status, from stare, 
<to stand.' The act of standing. 
STA'TIONARY, Stationa'rius, from stare, 'to 
stand.' A name given by Sydenham and Stoll 
to certain diseases, which depend upon a particu- 
lar state of the atmosphere; and which prevail 
in a district for a certain number of years, and 
then give way to others. 
STATISTICS, MEDICAL, Vital Statistics, 
Biostat'ics, (F.) Statistique medicale. That part 
of medicine which relates to details - medico-sta- 
tistical - connects with the mortality, salubrity, 
Ac., of different countries and situations. 
It has, also, been used in a wider sense to sig- 
nify the same as Numerical method, (F.) Methode 
numtrique ; which is applied to the systemization 
of medical facts, or to the use of numbers in the 
investigation of disease. 
Statistics, Vital, Statistics, meilieaL 
STATURE, Statu'ra, Meg'ethos, Magnitu'do 
cor'poris, from sto, station, ' I stand.' The height 
of the human figure. The following table exhibits 
the results of several admeasurements, with the 
heights of some of the monkey species, on the 
authority of Mr. Lawrence. STATUS 
814 
STEREOTICA 
STELENGIS, Stridor dentium. 
STELLA, Fas'ci a stella'ta, (F.) Etoile. A ban- 
dage, improperly compared to a star, because it 
is crossed like the letter X. This bandage is ap- 
plied upon one or both shoulders. In the first 
case, it is called simple; in the second, double. 
It was employed in cases of fractures of the ster- 
num, clavicle, and scapula; in luxations of the 
humerus, &c. 
Stella Terra:, Plantasro coronopus. 
STELLARIA MEDIA, Alsine media-s. Scil- 
la, Scilla. 
STELLATA RUPINA, Centaurea calcitrapa. 
STELOCHITIS, Osteocolla. 
STENAGMUS, Suspirium. 
STENAXIS, Suspirium. 
STENIA, Sthenia. 
STENICUS, Active. 
STENOBREGMATE, see Cranium. 
STENOCARDIA, Angina pectoris, Cardioste- 
nosis. 
STENOCHO'RIA, Stcnocbori'asis. Angustia. 
Employed by some for contraction of the vagina. 
Stenochoria Intestini Recti, Stricture of the 
rectum-s. (Esophagi, Dysphagia constricta. 
STENOMYCTE'RIA, from o-rtvos, 'narrow,' 
and fnvKrrjp, 'nose.' Contraction of the nasal 
passages. 
STENOSIS, Stegnosis. 
STENOSTEGNOSIS, Stenostenosis. 
STENOSTENO'SIS, Steno8tegnolsig, from Ste- 
no, and arevuurts, ' contraction.' Obstruc'tio due- 
tto Stenonia'na. Narrowness or contraction of 
the duct of Steno. 
STENOSTOM'IA, from arevos, 'narrow,' and 
aro/ia, 'mouth.' Contraction of the mouth. 
STENOTIIORA'CES, from o-rcro?, 'narrow,' 
and Supaf, 'the chest.' They who have narrow 
chests. 
STENTOROPHO'NUS, from Xrcvrwp, Stentor, 
a Greek in the army before Troy; and tjuuvi), 
'voice.' One who has a strong voice. 
STEPHANE, Crown. 
STEPHENS, MRS., REMEDY FOR THE 
STONE. This consisted of lime, prepared by 
calcining the shells of eggs and snails, made into 
pills with soap. A decoction was, also, adminis- 
tered, consisting of chamomile, fennel, parsley, 
and burdock, with a portion of AHcant soap. Its 
virtues were dependent upon the lime and the 
tonic properties of the decoction. Hales. Hartley, 
Kirkpatrick, Lobb, and others, wrote in favour 
of this nostrum ; and it was ultimately bought by 
the British parliament for £5000. 
STERA, Uterus. 
STERCORA'CEOUS, Stercora'rius, Diacbo- 
ret'icus, Ster'coral, from stercus, 'dung.' Fecal, 
Fopcal, (F.) Stercoraire, Stercoral. 
The French use the tern. Fistidea stercoraires 
for those which are kept up by the constant pas- 
sage of fecal or stercora'ceous matter. The name 
Stercoraires is sometimes given, in derision, to 
those physicians who are fond of purging their 
patients : <1 posteriori has been similarly used. 
STERCORAIRE, Stercoraceous. 
STERCUS, Excrement, Fimus-s. Anseris, 
Fimus anseris-s. Caninum album, Album Grae- 
cum-s. Diaboli, Asafoetida-s. Equi non castrati, 
Fimus. 
Stercus Huma'num, Homerda. Human ex- 
crement. 
Stercus Lacerta?, Crocodilia. 
STEREOCYST'IS, from crrrpcoj, 'hard,' and 
xu<rr<;, ' cyst.' A hard steatoma. 
STEREOS, Solid. 
STEREOT'ICA, from anpcos, 'hard.' Fortui- 
An Englishman, 
STATURE. 
Feet. In. 
f6 
4J 
to 
(.5 
00 
(5 
4 
An Englishwoman, 
to 
(.5 
00 
European male skeleton, 
.... 5 
8 
Do. 
.... 5 
5 
A Negro at the Lunatic Hospital, Liv 
pool, 
10| 
Another from Virginia, 
.... 5 
Another from the Gold Coast, 
.... 5 
8 
Another, 
.... 5 
00 
Negro skeleton, 
.... 4 
11 
Another, 
.... 5 
7i 
A Lascar, 
.... 5 
4 
Venus de Medici, 
.... 5 
00 
Tyson's Chimpans6(«S7»na Troglodyt 
e») 2 
2 
Mr. Abel's Orang Otang, 
.... 2 
7 
Camper's Do. 
less than 30 
Mr. White's Monkey, 
.... 2 
2 
STATUS, Acme - s. Cruditatis, Crudity - s. 
Erethiticus, Nervous diathesis-s. Gastricus, Em- 
barras gastriqae-s. Nervosus, Nervous diathesis 
- s. Sthenicus, Sthenia - s. Verminosus, Hel- 
minthiasis. 
STAVESACRE, Delphinium staphisagria. 
STAXIS, Apostax'is. A slight epistaxis or 
nasal hemorrhage. -Hippocrates. 
STEAM-DOCTOR. A term applied to one 
who treats all or most diseases by steam. 
STEAR, Pinguedo, Sevum. 
STEARIN, see Pinguedo. 
STEARINUM CETACEUM, Cetaceum. 
STEARRHCE'A, Steatorrhce'a, Seborrh.ee.'a, 
Seborrhag"ia, Smegmatorrhoe'a, Smegmorrhoe'a, 
Seba'ceous Flux, from areap, 'suet,' and peu>, 'I 
flow.' Augmentation of secretion from the seba- 
ceous follicles of the skin. 
STEATITES, Polysarcia. 
STEATOCE'LE, from areap, 'suet,' and 
'a tumour.' A tumour formed by a collection of 
steatomatous matter in the scrotum. 
STEATO'MA, Tumor lar'deus, from areap, 
' suet.' Seva'tio, Steato'sis, Emphy'ma encys'tis 
steatoma. An encysted tumour, whose contents 
are similar to fat. 
STEATOP'YGA, from areap, 'fat,' and wyn, 
'buttocks.' Buttock-hump. Fat buttocks; such 
as exist in the Hottentot females. 
STEATORRHCEA, Stearrhoea. 
STEATO'SIS, Steatoma. 
Steato'sis Cordis, Degenera'tio adipo'sa cordis, 
Cardiethmolipo'sis and Cardiomyolipo'sis (Pior- 
ry), Fatty heart. Unusual deposition of fat on 
the heart:-by some presumed to be occasionally 
a true adipous degeneration of the substance of 
the heart, which is probably incorrect. 
STEATOZOON FOLLICULORUM, Acarus 
Folliculorum. 
STEEL, Chalybs. 
STEEPLE-BUSH, Spiraea tomentosa. 
STEER'S OPODELDOCH, see Opodeldoch, 
Steer's. 
STEGANOP'ODES, artyavaaoSef, Planip'edes. 
They who have flat feet, or are web-footed, from 
areyavoe, 'covered,' and irovj, 'foot.' 
STEGNO'SIS, Steno'sis, Constipa'tio, Stipa'tio, 
Condensa'tio, Obstruc'tio, from areyvow, ' I con- 
strict.' Constriction or narrowness of the pores 
and vessels. Stricture. Constipation. Suppression 
of the evacuations. See Arctatio. 
STEGNOTICA, Astringents. 
STEIROSIS, Sterilitas. STERILE 
tons lesions or deformities affecting the hard 
parts. The 2d order, class Tychica of Good. 
STER'ILE, Ster'ilis, A'gonos, Aph'orus, Aph- 
or'icus, Ablast'es, Infectin'dus, (F.) Sterile. Same 
etymon as Sterilitas. Notproducingfruit: infecund. 
8TERILIS, Sterile. 
STERIL'ITAS, Aj/on'iu, Steiro'sie, Stiro'sis, 
Agenne'sta, Agenne'sis, Inf ecun'ditag, Sterility, 
Acyersis, IJar'renneee, Infectin'dity, Apho'ria, 
Atec'uia, Atoc'ia, from ortppof, or anpeog, 'hard, 
barren.' Quality of that which is barren. Ste- 
rility may be absolute or relative. The former 
depends upon some vicious conformation of the 
genital organs, apparent or concealed, and occa- 
sionally admits of cure. Sterility is relative when 
a female does not conceive with one individual, 
but does with another. Sterility in females is 
often dependent upon a condition of the uterus 
characterized by membranous menstruation. 
STERNAD, see Sternal. 
STERNAL, Sterna'lis, from sternum, 'the 
breast bone.' Relating or appertaining to the 
sternum or breast bone. 
Sternal Aspect. The aspect of the body 
where the sternum is situate.-Barclay. Sternad 
is used by the same writer adverbially to signify 
towards the sternal aspeet. 
STEPtNALGIA, Angina pectoris. 
STERNO-CLAVIC'ULAR, Sterno-clavicula' - 
ris. That which relates to the sternum and clavicle. 
Sterno-ci.avic'ular Articula'tion is the 
union of the inner extremity of the clavicle with 
a round facette at each side of the superior ex- 
tremity of the sternum. In this articulation 
there are, besides the incrusting cartilages, two 
radiated sterno-clavicular, (F.) Sterno-clavicti- 
laires rayonntes ; one anterior, and one posterior 
-an tnfer-cfavtcufar ligament, extending between 
the two clavicles, and two synovial capsules, se- 
parated by an inter-articular fibro-cartilage. The 
costo-clavicular ligament may also be considered 
to belong to this articulation. 
STERNO-CLA VIO-MASTOIDIEN, Sterno- 
cleido-mastoideus - s. Cleido-hyoideus, Sterno- 
hyoideus. 
STERNO-CLEIDO BRACHIALIS, Pectoralis 
major. 
STERNO-CLEIDO - MASTOIDEUS, Sterno- 
masto'ideus, Cleido-masto'ideus, Masto'ideus, Mas- 
to'id.eus anterior, Nuta'tor cap'itis; (F.) Sterno- 
clavio-masto'idien, Sterno-mastdidien ; from arip- 
vov, 'the sternum,' kXus, 'the clavicle,' and pac- 
rof, ' the mastoid process.' A muscle situate at 
the anterior and lateral part of the neck. It is 
long and flattened : simple, above : and divided 
into two portions below ; where it is inserted into 
the anterior and superior part of the sternum, 
and the inner quarter of the clavicle. Above, it 
terminates at the mastoid process, which it em- 
braces, at the neighbouring part of the temporal 
bone, and at the outer third of the upper curved 
line of the occipital bone. It carries the head 
forward; inclines, and rotates it to one side. 
When both contract, they bend the head directly 
forwards. 
ST ER NO-CO ST AL, Triangularis stern i - s. 
Costo-clavio-humfral, Pectoralis major-s. Dynia, 
see Somatodynia-s. Humeral, Pectoralis major. 
STERNO-HYOiDEUS, Sterno-cleido-hyoide- 
us, Sterno-hydides, Hyoides primus ; from arcpvov, 
' the sternum,' and 'voeilns, ' the os hyoides.' A 
muscle situate at the anterior part of the neck; 
inserted, above, at the inferior edge of the body 
of the hyoid bone; below, into the upper part 
of the posterior surface of the sternum ;-at the 
posterior part of the sterno-clavicular articula- 
tion, and sometimes into the cartilage of the first 
rib. It depresses the os hyoides. 
815 
STETHOMETER 
JSTERHO - MASTOJDIEN, Sterno - cleido - 
mastoideus-s. Pubien, Rectus abdominis. 
STERNO-THYROIDEUS, Sterno - tkyroides, 
Bron'chius. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
part of the neck. It is attached, above, *o the 
oblique line seen on the outer surface of the thy- 
roid cartilage; and terminates, below, at the up- 
per part of the posterior surface of the sternum, 
and the cartilage of the second rib. When it 
contracts, it depresses the thyroid cartilage and 
os hyoides, by the medium of the thyro-hyoid 
membrane. 
STERNODYNIA SYTNCOPALIS, Angina 
pectoris-s. Syncoptica et Palpitans, Angina pec- 
toris. 
STERNO-OMPIIALODYMIA, see Somato- 
dymia.. 
STERNUM, Sternon, from areppos, 'solid;' 
Pectus, Os asser seu pec'toris seu xipho'ides sen 
gladi'oh seu eusifor'me, Scutum cordis, Breast 
Bone, Haemal Spine of Owen. An azygous sym- 
metrical bone, situate at the fore-part of the chest. 
It is flat; broad above ; narrower in the middle ; 
and terminates, below, by a pointed cartilage- 
the xiphoid. It has an anterior or cutaneous sur- 
face, & posterior or mediastinal - a superior or 
clavicular extremity, and an inferior or abdomi- 
nal. It is articulated with the clavicles and the 
seven upper ribs on each side, by means of their 
cartilages. According to BSclard, it is formed 
of six principal bones, which he names, from 
their position, 1. Primi-sternal or clavi-sternal: 
2. Duo-sternal: 3. Tri-sternal: 4. Quarti-ster- 
nal: 5. Quinti-sternal: 6. Vltimi-sternal or ensi- 
sternal. 
STERNUMENTUM, Sneezing. 
STERNUTAMENTORIA, Achillea ptarmiea. 
STERNUTAMENTUM, Sneezing. 
STERNUTATIO, Sneezing. 
STERNUTA TOIRE, Sternutatory. 
STER'NUTATORY, Sternutato'rius, from ster- 
nutare, 'to sneeze.' Sternutamen'tum, Errhi'num, 
Ptar'micum, Anarrhi'num, (F.) Sternutatoire. A 
substance which provokes sneezing; as tobacco, 
&c.- See Errhine. 
STERTEUR, Stertor. 
STERTOR, Ronchus or Rbonchus, Renchus, 
Rhencus, (F.) Sterteur, Ronflement, from stertere, 
' to snore.' The deep snoring which accompanies 
inspiration in some diseases, particularly in apo- 
plexy. Such respiration is said to be ster'torous; 
Respira'tio stertuo'sa seu stertens seu stertoro'sa. 
STERTOROUS, see Stertor. 
STETIUE'MIA, Hyper (Praia Pulmo'nwm seu 
Pec'toris, Conges'tio Pulmonum seu Pectoris, (F.) 
Hyperemie des Poumons, Congestion des Poumons. 
Hyperemia of the lungs. Congestion or accu- 
mulation of blood in the pulmonary vessels 
STETIIOCATIIARSIS, Expectoration. " 
STETIIOCIIYSIS, Hydrothorax. 
STETHODESMIS, Corset. 
STETIIODESMIUM, Corset. 
STETHODESMUS, Corset, 
STETHOM'ETER, from credos, 'the chest,' 
and perpov, ' measure.' An instrument, proposed 
by Mr. Richard Quain, for measuring the extent 
of movement of the walls of the chest, as a means 
of diagnosis in thoracic diseases. It consists of 
a flat case, not unlike a watch-case, having on its 
upper surface a graduated dial and index, which 
is acted on by a simple mechanism. A silk cord, 
long enough to surround one-half the chest' 
passes through an aperture in the case. The dial 
is graduated into fifty equal parts, each of which 
represents the l-200th of an inch. In using the 
instrument, the dial is placed firmly against the 
spine, and the point of the tape over"the sternum, 
or at any other spot according to the part to be STETHOPARALYSIS 
examined. The extension of the string, as indi- 
cated by the dial, shows the amount of elasticity 
of the parietes of the thorax. 
STETIIOPAR AL'YSIS, Paral'ysis nervo' rum 
thora'cis, phrenicorum, &c.; from trrr/Oos, 'the 
chest,' and rapaXvcris, 'paralysis.' Palsy of the 
muscles of the chest. 
STET IIORR HE UM A, Pleurodynia. 
STETHOSCOPE, St ethoscop'ium, Stethos'co- 
pum, Echoscop'ium, Psophom'eter, Thdracoscop'- 
ium, from arrjdos, ' the chest,' and ckoscu, ' I exa- 
mine.' An instrument invented by Laennec, of 
Paris, for exploring the chest. The stethoscope, 
sometimes called Pectoriloque, is a cylinder of 
wood, from four inches to a foot long; pierced 
through and through by a longitudinal canal 
about a quarter of an inch in diameter. The 
longer are generally composed of two portions, 
that fit together by means of a serew, one of 
which is hollowed at the extremity, in the shape 
of a funnel. These two portions being screwed 
to each other, the physician lays hold of the in- 
strument, as he would of a pen, puts the funnel- 
shaped extremity on the chest of the patient, and 
applies his ear to the other. To explore the pul- 
sations of the heart, the funnel is plugged up by 
a piece of the same kind of wood accurately 
adapted to it, and pierced by a canal of the same 
width as that in the body of the instrument. 
Stethoscopes are sometimes flexible, like the 
flexible ear-trumpet. 
This mode of examining affections of the chest, 
Steth'oscopy, Stethoscop'ia, &e., is what Laennec 
terms Auscultation mediate, Mediate Auscultation. 
STETHOSCOPIA, see Auscultation, and Ste- 
thoscope. 
STETHUS, Thorax. 
STEW, Stove. 
STHENI'A, Steni'a, Diath'esis sthen'ica, Sta- 
tus sthen'icus, Vis aucta, from aStvos, ' strength,' 
'power.' Excess of strength ; excitement of the 
organic actions. A word used, especially by the 
Brunonians, as well as Asthenia,- its antitheton. 
Sthenic or dynamic diseases are such as depend 
upon excessive excitement. 
STIIENICUS, Active. 
STHENOPYRA, Synocha. 
STIBT, Antimonium. 
STIBIALIS, Antimonial. 
STIBIATUS TARTRIS LIXIVIAE, Antimo- 
nium tartarizatum. 
STIBII BUTYRUM, Antimonium muriatum 
- s. Deuto-murias sublimatus, Antimonium mu- 
riatum-s. et Potassm deuto-tartras, Antimonium 
tartarizatum-s. Hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
timonii sulphuretum rubrum - s. Oxidum acido 
muriatieo oxygenato paratum, Algaroth-s. Oxi- 
dum album mediante nitro confectum, Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum - s. Oxidum praecipitando 
paratum, Algaroth - s. Oxodes album, Antimo- 
nium diaphoreticum - s. Oxodes sulphuretum, 
Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum - s. Oxydi 
sulphurati hydro-sulphuretum luteum, Antimonii 
sulphuretum praecipitatum-s. Oxydulati sulphu- 
retum, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipitatum - s. 
Oxydulum vitreatum, Antimonii vitrum-s. Oxy- 
dum semivitreum, Antimonii vitrum-s. Oxydum 
sulphuratum, Oxydum stibii sulphuratum - s. 
Subhydrosulphas, Antimonii sulphuretum rubrum 
- s. Subtnurias praecipitando paratum, Algaroth 
- s. Sulphurati hydrosulphuretum rubrum, An- 
timonii sulphuretum rubrum - s. Sulphuretum 
nigrum. Antimonium - s. Vitrum, Antimonii 
vitrum. 
STIBIOSUM HYDROSULPHURETUM 
CUM SULPHURE, Antimonii sulphuretum prae- 
cipitatum- s. Oxidum, Antimonium diaphore- 
ticum. 
816 
STIZOLOBIUM 
STIBIUM, Antimonium. 
STICHAS ARABICA, Lavendula stcechas. 
STICKWORT, Agrimony. 
ST ICT A PULMONACEA, Lichen pulmo- 
narius. 
STIFF JOINT, MUSCULAR, Contractura. 
Stiff Joints, Milk sickness. 
STIFFNECK, Torticollis. 
STIGMA, Cicatricula. 
STIGMATA, see Nrnvus. The breathing pores 
of insects are so called. 
Stig'mata Ovario'rum, Cicatri'ces Ovario'rum. 
The cicatrices left in the ovary after the escape 
of ova. 
STILBOMA, Cosmetic. 
STILL, Alembic. 
STILLA, Gutta. 
STILLATIO SANGUINIS E NARIBUS, 
Epistaxis. 
STILLICID'IUM, Substil'lum, from stillare, 
' to drop.' This term is often used synonymously 
with Strangury. It means the flow of any fluid 
-particularly the urine - drop by drop. Also a 
kind of embrocation, Stillicid'ium supra partem, 
effected by dropping a liquid upon a part. 
Stillicidium Lacrymarum, Epiphora-s. Na- 
rium, Coryza - s. Sanguinis e naribus, Epis- 
taxis - s. Supra partem, sec Stillicidium. 
STILLIN'GIA, S. sylvat'ica, Queen's Root, 
Queen's delight, Yaw root, Mar'cory, Cockup hat. 
An indigenous plant, which grows in pine bar- 
rens, from Virginia to Florida. Sex. Syst. Mo- 
noecia Monadelphia. Nat. Ord. Euphorbiaceae. 
The root is said to be used in syphilis, obstinate 
cutaneous affections, <fcc., like sarsaparilla. 
STIMATO'SIS, Stymatosis, Ha>morrhag"ia 
Penis, Stymatorrhag"ia, Phallorrhag"ia, Caulor- 
rhag"ia, from arvya, ' priapism,' itself from arvtiv, 
'to erect.' Hemorrhage from the male organ, 
accompanied or not with priapism. 
STIMMI, Antimonium. 
STIM'ULANT, Stim'ulans, Ex'citans, Exci'- 
tant, In'citans, Incenti'vum, Irri'tans, Inci'tant, 
Hypersthen'ic, from stimulare, 'to goad.' A me- 
dicine which has the power of exciting the orga- 
nic action of the different systems of the econo- 
my. Some stimulants are diffusible, - that is, 
have a prompt but temporary action; others are 
permanent or persistent. The action of stimu- 
lants is called Stimula'tion, Stimula'tio, Incita'tio, 
The chief stimulants are the following: 
Sulphuricus, Ammonia, Asafoetida, Brucia, Cam- 
phora, Capsicum, Castoreum, Cinnamomum, Co- 
paiba, Cubeba, Guaiacum, Ilydrargyri Praepa- 
rata, lodinum, Nux Vomica, Olea Essentialia, 
Opium (in small dose), Piper, Sinapis, Strychnia, 
Zingiber, - Alcohol, Caloric, Electricity, Mental 
Emotions, (the Impetuous.) 
STIM'ULUS, 'a goad.' Inci tarn en'turn, Irri~ 
ta'men, Irritamen'turn, Poten'tia Irri'tans. Any 
thing which excites the animal economy. 
STINK POKE, Dracontium foetidum-s.Weed, 
Chenopodium anthelminticum, Batura stramo- 
nium, Polanisia graveolens. 
STIPATIO, Stegnosis. 
Stipatio Tela: Cellulo'sa: Infant'um. In- 
duration of the cellular tissue of children. 
STIROSIS, Sterilitas. 
STITCH, same root as stick, Sax. ytician, (G.) 
s t e c k e n, (F.) Point, (L.) Punctum; (from pun- 
gere, punctum, 'to prick or sting.') An acute lan- 
cinating pain, like that produced by the puncture 
of a sharp needle. 
Stitch, Common, Suture, common - s. Royal, 
Suture, common - s. in the Side, Pleurodynia. 
STIZOLOBIUM, Dolichos pruriens. STLENGIS 
STLENGIS, Stridor dentium. 
STOBJE'A RUBRICAU'LIS. A South Afri- 
can plant, Nat. Ord. composite. A tincture of 
the bruised roots is diuretic, and of great service 
in gravel. 
ST0C1IEI0N, Element. 
STOCKING, LACED, (F.) Bas lassi. A ban- 
dage used by surgeons, which consists of a stock- 
ing made of firm cloth or dog-skin, admitting of 
being tightly laced anteriorly. It is employed in 
varices and ulcers of the legs. 
STCECIIAS ARABICA, Lavendula stoechas. 
STOMA, Mouth. 
STOMAC'ACE, Stomatoc'ace, Stomal'gia, La- 
brisuVcinm, Cheiloc'ace, Uloc'ace, Cheilomala'cia, 
Stomata no' ma, Stomatonecro'sis, from aruya, ' the 
mouth,' and kokoj, ' evilCancer Oris, Canker. 
Foetor of the mouth with a bloody discharge 
from the gums. (F.) Cancer aquatique; see 
Cancer Aquaticus. Also, Scurvy. 
Stomacace, Porphyra nautica-s. Gangraeno- 
sum, Cancer aquaticus - s. Universale, Purpura 
haemorrhagica. 
STOMACAL, Stomachal. 
STOMACALGIA, Cardialgia. 
STOMACH, Stom'achus, Ventric'ulus, Nedys, 
Anocoe'lia, Gaster, (F.) Estomac, from croya, ' a 
mouth.' One of the principal organs of diges- 
tion. It is a musculo-membranous reservoir; con- 
tinuous, on the one side, with the oesophagus ; on 
the other, with the duodenum. It is situate be- 
neath the diaphragm, between the liver and the 
spleen; and occupies the epigastrium and a part 
of the left hypochondrium. In it the food is 
converted into chyme. When viewed externally, 
the stomach has, 1. An anterior face, which looks 
a little upwards. 2. An inferior face, directed 
downwards. 3. An inferior or colic margin, 
which is convex and extensive, and is called the 
greater curvature, (F.) Grand courbure. It gives 
origin to the omentum majus. 4. A superior or 
diaphragmatic margin, which is shorter, con- 
cave, and is called the lesser curvature, (F.) Petit 
courbure. The lesser omentum is attached to 
this. 5. A left or oesophageal orifice, called, also, 
the cardia, Os ventric'uli or upper orifice. 6. A 
right or intestinal, or inferior orifice, called the 
pylorus. 7. A considerable dilatation, situate to 
the left of the cardia and greater curvature - 
the great tuberosity of the stomach ; and, 8. A 
less extensive dilatation, situate to the right of 
the greater curvature, - the lesser tuberosity or 
lesser cul-de-sac, Antrum Pylo'ri. The inner sur- 
face of the stomach is of a reddish-white colour, 
and has a marbled appearance. It is constantly 
covered by thick mucus, and is lined by a mu- 
cous membrane, which presents numerous wrin- 
kles. The parietes of the stomach consist of 
three membranes in superposition. The outer- 
most is serous, and is an extension of the perito- 
neum ; the middle coat is muscular, - some of 
its fibres running longitudinally: others, trans- 
versely, and others obliquely; the innermost mem- 
brane is of a mucous nature, Crusta villo'sa cen- 
tric'u!:, Gastro-mycod'eris, but not exactly a con- 
tinuation of the membrane that lines the oesopha- 
gus. The mucous and muscular membranes form, 
at the pylorus, a valve, called the Pyloric valve. 
These three coats are united by a dense, close, 
areolar membrane ; and, between the mucous and 
muscular coats, along the two curvatures especi- 
ally, is a quantity of muciparous glands, called 
Glands of Brunner. The arteries of the stomach 
are very numerous, and proceed from the coro- 
naria ventriculi, the pyloric, splenic, and right 
and left gastro-epipjoic. The veins have the 
same name, and pursue the same course as the 
arteries. They pour their blood into the trunk 
817 
STOMATITIS 
of the vena porta. Its lymphatic vessels are 
very numerous, and pass into ganglia, situate 
along the two curvatures. The nerves of the 
stomach proceed from the pneumogastric, and 
three divisions of the eoeliae plexus. 
Stomach Cell, see 1'avulus - s. Disease, Li- 
mosis- s. First, Ingluvies. 
Stomach Pump, Gastren'chyta, Antli'a gas'- 
trica. A useful instrument for conveying fluids 
to the stomach, when deglutition is impracticable, 
and for pumping out the pontents of that organ. 
It consists of a forcing syringe, to the bottom 
and nozzle of which flexible tubes can be at- 
tached. When the object is to force fluids into 
the stomach, the stomach-tube must be attached 
to the nozzle, and passed down the throat,- the 
tube connected with the bottom of the syringe 
being placed in the fluid to be injected. To 
empty the stomach, the stomach-tube must be 
attached to the bottom of the instrument. This 
instrument has been of great service where poi- 
sons have been taken. The antidote, when any 
exists, and is at hand, should be administered 
immediately prior to its use. 
The stomach pump was first employed in 
America by Dr. Physick, in the year 1812. 
Stomach, Second, Proventriculus - s. Sick, 
Milk sickness - s. Third, Ventriculus callosus - 
s. Tube, see Tube, oesophageal. 
STOM'ACIIAL, Stomach' ic, Stomach'leal, Car- 
di'acux, Stomach'icus, Stomaeha' lis, Viscera'lis, 
(F.) Stomacal, Stomachique. That which belongs 
to the stomach ; that which is good for the sto- 
mach ; which strengthens the stomach. A me- 
dicine that gives tone to the stomach. 
STOMACHALGIA, Cardialgia. 
STOMACIII RESOLUTIO, Dyspepsia. 
STOMACHIC, Stomachal. 
STOMACHICAL, Stomachal. 
STOMACHIQUE Stomachal. 
STOM'ACHUS, from araya, 'mouth.' This 
word has been used in several different accepta- 
tions ; for example, for the oesophagus, for the 
cardiac orifice of the stomach, (see Cardia,) and 
for the stomach itself. Hippocrates calls the neck 
of the bladder kvotims ; and the neck of 
the uterus rr)( yrjrpas 
STOMAL'GIA, Stomatal'gia, Stomatodyn'ia, 
from aroya, ' mouth,' and aXyof, ' pain.' Pain in 
the mouth ; Stoniac'ace. 
STOMAPYRA, Aphthae - s. Aphtha, Aphthae. 
STOMATALGIA, Stomalgia. 
STOMAT'IC, Stomat'icus, from oroga, 'mouth.' 
A medicine used in diseases, <tc., of the mouth. 
Dentifrices, masticatories, <tc., are stomaties. 
STOMATITE APHTHEUSE, Stomatitis, 
aphthous - s. Charbonneuxe, Cancer aquaticus- 
». Couenueuse, Stomatitis, pseudo-membranous - 
8. Cremeuse pultacee, Aphtha; - s. Folliculeuse, 
Stomatitis, aphthous - s. Gangrineiue; Cancer 
aquaticus - x. Mercurielle, see Salivation, mercu- 
rial- s. Ulcireuse, Stomatitis, aphthous. 
STOMATI'TIS, from eroya, 'the mouth,'and 
iti's, denoting inflammation. (F.) Inflammation 
de la Bouche ; Inflammation of the mouth. 
Stomatitis, Aphthous, S. follic'ular, S. ul'- 
cerous, Emphly'sis Aphtha, A. Adulto'rum, (F.) 
Stomatite, S. aphtheuse, S. folliculeuse, S. ul- 
ctreuse. An inflammation of the follicles of the 
mouth, constituting the aphthae of the adult, 
which is generally accompanied by cephalic, gas- 
tric, and general disturbance. It may be either 
descrete or confluent, and requires general and 
local treatment, adapted to the ease. 
Stomatitis, Ep.vthem'atous. Simple inflam- 
mation of the mouth. STOMATITIS 
Stomatitis, Exsudativa, Aphthae-s. Follicu- 
lar, S. aphthous - s. Gangrenous, Cancer aqua- 
ticus. 
Stomatitis, Mercu'rial, Hydrargyrostom'- 
atis, Hydrargyrostomati'tis, Stomati'tis mercuria' - 
lie. Inflammation of the mouth induced by mer- 
cury. 
Stomatitis of Nursing-women appears to be 
a variety of S. aphthous. 
Stomatitis, Pseudomem'branous, (F.) Stoma- 
tite couenneuse, JJiphtherite buccale, Pseudo- 
membranous inflammation of the mouth; - in its 
worst form, Stomatyphus, (F.) Fegarite. Inflam- 
mation of the mouth accompanied by the exuda- 
tion of a false membrane, - a disease which is 
rarely seen except in large foundling establish- 
ments. 
Stomatitis, Ulcerous, S. aphthous - s. Ve- 
siculosa infantum, Aphthaj. 
STOMATOCACE, Stomacace. 
STOMATODYNIA, Stomalgia. 
S TO MAT O-GAS'T RIC, Sto'mato-gas'tricus, 
from cropa, ' the mouth,' and yaarnp, the stomach.' 
Appertaining to the mouth and stomach,-as the 
stomato-gastric ganglia of the lower animals. 
STOMATOM ALACI A PUT RIDA, Cancer 
aquaticus. 
STOMATONECROSIS, Cancer aquaticus, Sto- 
mticncc. 
STOMATONOMA, Stomacace. 
STOMATOPA'NUS, from cropa, 'the mouth,' 
and itavos, 'a glandular tumour.' Stomatophy'ma 
glandulosum, Panus Fau'cium. Tumefaction of 
the glands of the mouth. 
STOMATOPHY'MA, from aropa, 'the mouth,' 
and (fjvpa, ' a swelling.' A swelling in the mouth. 
Stomatophyma Glandulosum, Stomatopanus. 
STOMATOPLAS'TIC, Stomatoplaa'ticus; from 
aroua, ' the mouth,' and rAao-o-w, ' I form. The 
operation of forming a mouth, where the aperture 
has been contracted from any cause. 
STOMATORRIIAG"IA, Stomatorrhoe'a, Ha- 
morrhag"ia oris, H. fau'cium, San'guinis proflu'- 
vium ex Ore, Hamorrho'i'des Oris, Stomato'sis, 
Stomorrhag" ia, (F.) Hemorrhagic buccale, from 
aropa, 'the mouth,' and pnyvvpi, ' I break out.' 
Hemorrhage from the mouth. 
Stomatorrhagia Alveolorum, Phatnorrha- 
gia-s. Gingivarum, Ulorrhagia. 
STOMATORRII®A, Stomatorrhagia. 
STOMATOSCOPE, from a-ropa, ' mouth,'and 
cKoxew, 'I view.' Any instrument for keeping 
the mouth open, so as to permit the parts within 
to be inspected; Speculum oris. 
STOMATOSEPSIS, Cancer aquaticus. 
STOMATOSIS, Stomatorrhagia. 
STOMATOSPASMUS, Trismus. 
STOMATYPHUS, Stomatitis, pseudomembra- 
nous. 
STOMOMANICON, Platysma myoides. 
STOMORRHAGIA, Stomatorrhagia. 
STONE IN THE BLADDER, Calculi, vesical 
- s. Binder, Osteocolla - s. Crop, Sedum - s. 
Crop, biting, Sedum - s. Mint, Cunila mariana 
- s. Po<;k, Acne - s. Root, Collinsonia Cana- 
densis. 
STONES, THE, Testes. 
STOOL, Dejectio. 
Stool, Calomel, see Calomel. 
STORAX, Styrax - s. Liquida, Liquidambar 
dtyraciflua. 
STOREY'S WORM CAKES. An empirical 
preparation, formed of calomel 7)}, jalap. gj, zin- 
gib. Qij, sacch. 5.), cinnab. antim. q. s. to colour 
them ; syrup, simpl. q. s. to make into cakes. 
STORKBILL, Geranium maculatum. 
STOVE. Old French Estuve, Stupha; a 
818 
STRANGALIDES 
Stew, (F.) Etuve. A limited space, 
warmed artificially, and in which the air is slowly 
renewed. It is used for drying various substances, 
as plants, extracts, conserves, <tc., or for taking 
vapour baths. In this case, the stew or stove is 
said to be wet or humid ; in the opposite case, it 
is said to be dry, (V.'jseche. The latter, which is 
used by the Turks, is the Lacon'icum or Calida'- 
rium of the Romans. The former is their Tepi- 
da'rium or Vapora' rium. These kinds of baths 
greatly excite the cutaneous transpiration; and 
are valuable agents in rheumatic and other affec- 
tions. 
STRABI, see Strabismus. 
STRABILISMOS, Strabismus. 
STRABIS'MUS, Strabilis'mos, Parop'sis Stra- 
bismus, from <rrpa[3o$, 'twisted,' 'one who squints;' 
Strabos'itas, Loxophthal' mus, Distor'sio, Lus'vitas, 
Illo'sis, Ilo'sis, Helo'sis, Squinting, Goggle Eye, 
(F.) Strabisme, Vue louche, Louchement. Want 
of concordance of the optic axes. It may be 
dependent upon natural or acquired inequality in 
the action of the motor muscles of the eye; on 
a convulsive state of one of those muscles; a 
difference in the sensibility of the two eyes; or a 
cerebral affection. In the treatment, if the dis- 
ease seem to depend upon an excess of strength 
in one of the motor muscles, we must endeavour 
to give tone to that which is too weak, by placing 
before the eye a mask having a small aperture 
on the side to which it is necessary to direct the 
pupil; or by wearing glasses, provided with a 
piece of looking-glass, on the side to which the 
eye is vitiously turned; so that the reflection 
may be inconvenient, and occasion the organ to 
be turned in an opposite direction; or by putting 
a black patch on the angle opposite to that to 
which the eye is turned. If owing to weakness, 
the organ must be strengthened by being ex- 
erted alone, and by leaving the other at rest. 
If the disease be symptomatic of cerebral affec- 
tion, attention must, of course, be directed to the 
latter. 
Strabismus may be single or affect one eye only, 
or double, and it may be convergent or divergent. 
Those affected with Strabismus are called 
Strabi, Strabo'nes, Strabo'ni, Strebli, Illi, Squint'- 
ers, Squint-eyed; in French, Louches, liigles. 
Strabismus, Convergent, see Strabismus - 
s. Divergent, see Strabismus - s. Double, see 
Strabismus - s. Single, see Strabismus. 
STRABONES, see Strabismus. 
STRABONI, see Strabismus. 
STRABOSITAS, Strabismus. 
STRABOT'QMY, Strabotom'ia, from arpaflos, 
' one who squints,' and ropri, ' incision.' The 
operation for the removal of squinting by the 
division of the muscle or muscles that distort the 
eye-ball. 
STRAIN, Sprain. 
Strain, colare, (F.) colder, from arpayyav, 
stringere, (F.) estreindre, 'to constrict or squeeze.' 
To pass decoctions, infusions, <tc., forcibly through 
linen; also, to exert an effort. This is accom- 
plished by fixing firmly the parts where the mus- 
cles to be exerted originate, in order that their 
full power may be developed. 
STRAINING, Nisus. 
STRAITS OF THE PELVIS, see Pelvis. 
STRAMOINE, Datura stramonium. 
STRAMONIA, Datura stramonium. 
STRAMONIUM, Datura stramonium-s. Foe- 
tidum, Datura stramonium-s. Majus album, Da- 
tura stramonium - s. Spinosum, Datura stramo- 
nium- s. Vulgatum, Datura stramonium. 
STRANGAL'IDES, fronj aroayyvew, 'I tor- 
ment.' Small, hard tumours, which form in the 
breast, when the milk does not find issue. 8TRANGALI0N 
STRANGALION, Tubercle. 
STRANGALIS, Tubercle. 
8TRANGALISMUS, Strangulation. 
STRANGERS' FEVER, see Fever, strangers'. 
STR ANGULATlO, Orthopnoea, Strangulation 
- s. Ul'rina, Angone. 
STRANGULA'TION, Strangnla'tio, Pnix, 
Pnig'mos, Strangalis'mus, ( F.) Etranglement, 
Strangulation.. State of a part too closely con- 
stricted. Thus we say that there is strangulation 
of an intestinal hernia, when the opening that 
gives passage to the portion of protruded intes- 
tine contracts, so as to intercept the continuity 
of the digestive canal. In Legal Medicine, it 
means the forcible obstruction of the air pas- 
sages, by a ligature or by the hand, for criminal 
purposes. See Suffocation. 
STRANGULATOR, see Lycoides. 
STRANGURIA, Enuresis-s. Cruenta, Cystor- 
rhagia. 
STJIANGURIE, Strangury - s. Menstruelle, 
Dysmenorrhcea. 
STRANGU'RIOUS; same etymon as the next. 
Affected with, or of the nature of, strangury. 
STRAN'GURY, Strangu'ria, Paru'ria stilla- 
ti'tia, from arpayyeiv, 'to squeeze,' and ovpov, 
'urine:' Dysu'ria, Uri'nre Stillicid'ium vel Sub- 
etil'lum, (F.) Strangurie. Extreme difficulty in 
evacuating the urine, which issues only drop by 
drop, and is accompanied with heat, pain, tenes- 
mus at the neck of the bladder, &c. See Ischuria, 
and Retention. 
STRATHPEFFER, MINERAL WATERS 
OF. A sulphuretted water, at Strathpeffer, a few 
miles west from Dingwall, in Ross-shire, Scot- 
land. It contains sulphate of soda, sulphate of 
lime, chloride of sodium, sulphate of magnesia, 
and sulpho-hydric acid. 
STRATIOTES, Achillea millefolium. 
STRATUM BACILLATUM, see Tunica Ja- 
cobi - s. Malpighii, Corpus mucosum - s. Pig- 
menti, see Choroid - s. Proligerum, Proligerous 
disc. 
STRAWBERRY, Fragaria-s. Bush, Euony- 
mus Americanus - s. Shrubby, Rubus arcticus- 
s. Tree, Euonymus Americanus-s. Wild, Fragaria 
Virginian a. 
STREAK, PRIMITIVE, Groove, primitive. 
STREATHAM, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
Streatham is a village near London. The waters 
are saline and cathartic. 
STREBLI, see Strabismus. 
STREBLOSIS, Luxation. 
STREMMA, Luxation, Sprain. 
STREPITO'SUS MORBUS. 'Noisy disease.' 
A kind of flatulent disease, said by Sorbait to be 
not uncommon in the Austrian Alps, in which 
emphysematous tumours form on different parts 
of the body, - accompanied by sonorous excre- 
tion of gas by the mouth and anus. 
STREPITUS AURIUM, Tinnitus aurium. 
STRETCHING, Pandiculation. 
STRIDE, Vibices-s. Ciliares, Ciliary processes 
-8. Come®, Tenia semicireularis-s. Longitudi- 
jnales Lancisii, see Corpus callosum - s. Medul- 
lares, see Processus teretes - s. Retinae subject® 
ligamento ciliari, Halo signatus-s. Semilunares, 
Taenia semicireularis-s. Terminales, Taenia semi- 
circularis-s. Transvers® Willisii, see Corpus cal- 
losum. 
S1RIA1ED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Mus- 
cular fibre. 
STRIA!US, CannelS, Grooved, see Corpora 
striata. 
STRIBILIGO, Efflorescence. 
STRICT URA, Stricture - s. Ani, Stricture of 
the rectum - s. Intestini recti. Stricture of the 
rectum - s. Intestini recti spasmodica, Stricture 
oi the rectum, spasmodic - s. (Esophagi callosa, 
819 
STROPHULE 
Dysphagia constricta - s. (Esophagi spasmodica, 
(Esophagismus-s. Pharyngis seu oesophagi vera, 
Dysphagia constricta - s. Prajputii, Phimosis - 
s. Urethra1, Urethrostenosis-s. Ventriculi, Stric- 
ture of the stomach. 
STRICTURE, Strictu'ra, from stringere, stric- 
tum, 'to tie hard.' Uoarcta'tio, Stegno'sis, (F.) 
Retrecissement. A diminution or contracted con- 
dition of some tube or duct, as the oesophagus, 
rectum, urethra, Ac. This must be dilated by 
appropriate bougies. Strictures may, also, occur 
in the intestines: they are unmanageable, with 
the exception of those of the rectum, which admit 
of topical applications. 
Stricture of the (Esophagus, Dysphagia 
constricta - s. of the Pharynx, Dysphagia con- 
stricta. 
Stricture of the Rectum, Spasmod'ic, Stric- 
tu'ra Intesti'ni Recti spasmod'ica, Obstruc'tio Recti 
spas'tica. An affection occurring in the nervous 
especially, which subsides spontaneously, after a 
longer or shorter continuance. 
Stricture of the rectum, Strictu'ra Ani seu In- 
testi'ni Recti, Archostegno'ma, Rectosteno' sis, Eu- 
thyenterosteno'ma, Archostegno'sis, Archosteno'sis, 
Proctoencli'sis, Angnsta'tio et Rcstric'tio intestini 
recti tel ani, Stenocho' ria intesti'ni recti, Procto- 
steno'sis organ'ica, occurs also organically, and is 
a very serious affection; being generally depend- 
ent upon scirrhus. 
Stricture of the Stomach, Gastrosteno'sis, 
Coarcta'tio seu Strictu'ra ventric'uli. See Gas- 
trostenosis cardiaca, &c. 
Stricture of the Urethra, Urethrostenosis 
- s. of the Urinary bladder, Cystostenochoria - 
s. Vesicae urinaria?, Cystostenochoria. 
STRIDOR DENTIUM, Brygmus. 
STRIGA CARTILAG1N0SA CORDIS, Isth- 
mus of the fossa ovalis. 
STRIGIL, Strig'ilis, Stlen'gis, Stelen'gis. A 
flesh-brush. Also, an instrument, anciently used 
in the baths, for scraping off the sweat. 
STRIPED MUSCULAR FIBRE, see Muscu- 
lar fibre. 
STROBILITI'TES, from arpo/iiXof, stro'bilus, 
'a cone of the pine.' Wine impregnated with 
the cones of the pine. 
STROEMIA, Cadaba. 
STROKE, APOPLEC'TIC. An apoplectic 
seizure. 
Stroke, Back, of the Heart, Impulse, dia- 
stolic. 
Stroke, Paralyt'ic. A sudden attack of en- 
cephalo-spinal paralysis. 
STROMA, Stray'ulum, Stramen'turn; from 
c-rpwvi'tio), oTpuivwia, 'to spread out; to cover.' 
The bed or foundation-texture of an organ, - as 
the stroma of the ovary. Applied, also, to the 
bed or base of any deposit - as the 'amorphous 
stroma' of scrofulous deposits. 
STROMBULCUS, Forceps (bullet.) 
STROA GLE, Strongylus-s. Geant, Strongylus 
gigas. 
STRON'GYLUS, from arpoyyvXoj, ' round.' 
Hippocrates, Chabert, and others, mean the As'- 
caris lumbricoi'des by this term. The Strongylus 
Gigas, (F.) Strangle, S. giant, is, however, dis- 
tinct. It has an obtuse, flat head; mouth sur- 
rounded with six flattish papilla?: the whole bursa 
of the male truncated: the tail of the female 
rounded. It is sometimes met with,-five inches, 
a foot, a foot and a half, and even three feet long, 
-and from two lines to half an inch in diameter. 
It is occasionally found in the human kidney; 
rarely in other viscera, and still more rarely in 
the intestinal tube. 
Strongylus, Teres. 
STROPHOS, Tormina. 
STROPHULE, Strophulous. STROPHULUS 
STROPII'ULUS, Licheni'asis stroph'ulus, 
Ebullit"io, Exanthe'ma strophulus, Exor'mia 
strophulus, lied Gum, lied Gown, Tooth Hash, 
White Gum, Milk-spots, (F.) Strophule, Feux de 
dents. It consists of an eruption of red, or some- 
times whitish pimples; occurring in early infancy, 
chiefly about the face, neck, and arms, surrounded 
by a reddish halo; or interrupted by irregular 
parches of cutaneous blush. All the varieties 
under this genus arise in consequence of the ex- 
treme vascularity and irritability of the skin at 
this period of life, when the constitution is liable 
to be disturbed by irritation, either in the ali- 
mentary canal, gums or other parts. None of 
these eruptions are of any importance, and no 
medical treatment is usually necessary. If the 
stomach seem at all disordered, a little rhubarb 
and magnesia may be administered occasionally. 
Willan and Bateman reckon five species,- Stro- 
phulus iutertinc'tus, Fed gum or gown ; S. al'bidus 
or white gum; S. eonfer'tus or rank red gum, 
Tooth rash ; S. volat'ieus or Erythe'ma volat'icum, 
and N. can'didus. 
Strophulus Sylvestris, Ignis sylvaticus-s. 
Volaticus, Ignis sylvaticus. 
STROPHUS, Tormina. 
STRUCTIO, Structura. 
STRUC'TURAL; same etymon as the next. 
Of, or belonging to, structure. 
STRUCTURE, Structu'ra, Struc'tio, Confor- 
ma'tio, Catasceu'e, from struere, structum, 'to 
build.' The arrangement of the different tissues 
or organic elements of which animals and vege- 
tables are composed. 
STRUMA, Bronchocele, Scrofula. 
Struma Adipo'sa, Obes'itas colli. Fatty neck. 
Prominence of the neck from obesity. 
ST HUMES, Scrofula. 
STHUMEUX, Scrofulous. 
STRUMOSIS CEREBRI, Encephalophymata 
- s. Pulmonum, Tubercles of the lungs. 
STRUMOSUS, Scrofulous. 
STRUMOUS, Scrofulous. 
STRUT H 10PH'AGUS, from arpu&or, 'a 
young ostrich,, and <f>ayu>, ' I eat.' Struthiopha- 
gous tribes still exist in some parts of Africa. 
STRUTHIUM, Saponaria. 
STRUVE'S LOTION FOR HOOPING- 
COUGH, see Lotion, Struve's, for hooping-cough. 
STRYCHNIA, Stryehni'na, Strych'nine,Strych- 
ni'num, Strych'nium, Vauqueline. An alkaline 
principle; solid, crystalline, inodorous, bitter, and 
excessively poisonous, which has been discovered 
in the Strychnos nux vomica. (Nucis vomica. 
rasur. Ibiv; calcis pulv. acid, muriat. 
alcohol., acid, sulphuric, dil., liquor, ammonia, 
carbon, animal, purif., aqua, aa q. s. Digest the 
nux vomica in two gallons of water, acidulated 
with a fluidounee of muriatic acid, for 24 hours: 
then boil for two hours, and strain with expres- 
sion through a strong linen bag. Boil the resi- 
duum twice successively in the same quantity of 
acidulated water, each time straining as before. 
Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to the consist- 
ency of thin syrup; then add the lime previously 
mixed with a pint of water, and boil for ten mi- 
nutes, frequently stirring. Pour the mixture into 
a double linen bag, and having washed the pre- 
cipitate well with water, press, dry, and powder 
it. Treat the powder repeatedly with boiling 
alcohol, until deprived of its bitterness; mix the 
liquors, and distil off the alcohol by means of a 
water-bath. Mix the residue with water, and 
having applied heat, drop in sufficient diluted sul- 
phuric acid to neutralize and dissolve the strych- 
nia; then add purified animal charcoal ; boil for 
a few minutes, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 
Dissolve the crystals in water, and add sufficient 
820 
STRYCHNOS 
solution of ammonia to precipitate the strychnia. 
Lastly, dry the precipitate on bibulous paper. 
Ph. U. S.) The medical action of strychnia on 
man and animals is exactly like that of the alco- 
holic extract of nux vomica. It is, however, 
more active. An eighth of a grain is sufficient to 
kill a large dog; and a quarter of a grain pro- 
duces marked effects on the human body, when 
in health. It has been given in paralysis and 
other eases like the nux vomica. Dose, one 
twelfth to one eighth of a grain. 
Strychnia, Acetate of, Strychnias acetas - 
s. Hydriodate of, Strychnia? hydriodas-s. Iodate 
of, Strychnia) iodas - s. Iodide of, Strychnia) hy. 
driodas. 
Strych'nia, I'odide of Iodhydrate of, (F.) 
lodure d' lodhydrate de Strychnine, is made by a 
solution of ioduretted iodide of potassium into a 
solution of a salt of strychnia ; treating the pre- 
cipitate with boiling alcohol, and crystallizing. 
Used in the same cases as strychnia. Dose, a 
sixth of a grain. 
Strychnia, Nitrate of, Strychnias nitras-s. 
Sulphate of, Strychnias sulphas. 
Strychnia and Zinc, Double Iodide of, 
double Iodide of Zinc and Strychnia. 
STRYCII'NIj® ACE'TAS, Strych'nium seu 
Strychni'num ace'ticum, Ace'tas strych'nii seu 
strych'nicus, Ac"etate of Strychnia or Strychnine 
This salt is formed by the direct combination of 
strychnia with acetic acid. It is given in the 
same cases as pure strychnia. 
Strych'nia IIydri'odas, N. iodhy'dras, 
Strych'nium hydroiod'icum, Hydri'odas seu lod 
hy'dras strych'nicus, Hydri'odate or Iodide of 
Strychnia, is prepared by mixing a solution of 
iodide of potassium with a concentrated solution 
of acetate of strychnia. 
Strych'nia I'odas, Strychni'ntB I'odas, Strych- 
ni'na loda'ta, Strych'nium seu Strychni'num lod'- 
icum, I'odas Strych'nii seu Strych'nicus, I'odate 
of Strych'nia or Strychnine. This salt may be 
formed by adding a concentrated solution of 
iodic acid to strychnia; treating with boiling 
alcohol; filtering, and leaving it to spontaneous 
evaporation. 
Strychnia Nitras, Strych'nium ni'tricum, Ni- 
trate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Used in th< 
same cases as strychnia. 
Strych'nia Sulphas, Strych'nium sulphu'ri- 
cum, Sulphate of Strychnia or Strychnine. Has 
the same properties. 
STRYCHNINA, Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINE, Strychnia. 
STRYCHNINUM, Strychnia. 
STRYCHNIUM, Strychnia - s. Aceticum, 
Strychnias acetas-s. Nitricum, Strychnias nitras 
- s. Sulphuricum, Strychniae sulphas. 
STRYCHNOS, Solanum dulcamara - s. Guia- 
nensis, see Curare - s. Ignatii, Ignatia amara. 
Strychnos Nux Vom'ica, Nux Vomica, Nux 
Metel'la, Caniram, Koochla tree. Family, Strych- 
noideae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Monogynia. (F.) 
Vomiquier. A tree of the family Strychno'ides, 
which grows in India, and the seeds of which 
have been long sold in the shops, under the 
names, Nux Vomica, Vomic nut, Poison nut, 
Bachelors' buttons, <fcc., (F.) jVotz vomique. For 
a long time, these seeds were used only for poi- 
soning rats; but of late years, an alcoholic ex- 
tract has been prepared from them, which has 
been administered in paralytic affections, in small 
doses. Dose of the Alcoholic Extract, Extrac' turn 
nueis vom'icce spirituo'sum, E. nucis vomica; resi- 
no'sum, E. n. v. alcohol'ievm, (F.) Extrait alco- 
holique de noix vomique, one or two grains. It 
produces a kind of tetanic convulsion in the pa- 
ralyzed parts, when given to the requisite extent 
It has, also, been administered in chronic diar- STRYPflNA 
rhoea and dysentery. The following is the for- 
mula for the preparation of the Extrac'tum Nu- 
cis Vom'icas of the Pharm. U. S. Take of Nux 
vomica, tt>j ; Alcohol, a sufficient quantity. Ex- 
pose the Nux Vomica to steam till it is softened; 
then, having sliced and dried it, grind it into 
powder. Introduce it into an apparatus for dis- 
placement, and pour alcohol upon it gradually, 
until the liquid passes without bitterness. Distil 
oft the greater part of the alcohol from the filtered 
liquor, and evaporate the residue to the proper 
consistence. 
The bark is the false angustura or false cuspa- 
ria bark ; Rohun. 
The wood of Strychnos colubri'na, an Indian 
tree, contains strychnia. It was formerly consi- 
dered a specific against the bites of venomous 
animals; and was recommended by Boerhaave 
in intermittents. It is the Lignum Colubri'num, 
(F.) Hols de Couleuvre. 
Strychnos Toxicaria, see Curare. 
8TRYPIINA, Astringents. 
STRYPHNOS, Acerb. 
STUDIOSUS MEDICINE, Philiatros. 
STUDIUM INANE, Aphelxia otiosa. 
STUDY, BROWN, Aphelxia otiosa. 
STUFFING, Cynanche trachealis. 
STULTITIA, Fatuitas. 
STUMP, (G.) Stumpf, (D.) Stomp, 'a 
•tump; also, 'blunt.' (F.) Moignon. The part 
remaining from which a limb or other part has 
been amputated or removed in any manner. 
STUNNED. Old French, Estonni, (L.) atto- 
nitus, 'astonished.' (F.) fitonni. An epithet, 
applied to one who, in consequence of a fall or 
other accident, has received such a concussion 
of the brain as to deprive him, for a time, of his 
mental manifestations. 
STUPA, Stupha, Stuppa, Stupei'on. Tow, used 
in certain surgical apparatuses and dressings. 
Also, a Stupe, that is, cloth or tow used in fo- 
mentations. A flannel or other article wrung out 
of hot water, plain or medicated, applied to a 
part, is a stupe. The act of applying such stupe 
is called stuping. 
STUPE, Stupa. 
STUPEFACIENTIA, Narcotics. 
STUPEFACTIFS, Narcotics. 
STUPEJ'ACTIO, Narcosis. 
STUPE FI ANTS, Narcotics. 
STUPEION, Stupa. 
STUPEUR, Stupor. 
STUPHA, Stove, Stupa. 
STUPIA, Tin. 
STUPIDITAS, Idiotism, Imbecility. 
STUPING, see Stupe. 
STUPOR, Ecplex'is, Ecplex'ia, Consterna'tio, 
(F.) Stupeur, from stupere, 'to be stupified.' 
Diminished activity of the intellectual faculties ; 
often amounting to lethargy. It occurs in many 
affections, especially in the neuroses. 
Stupor, Narcosis-s. Artuum, Obdormitio-s. 
Pentium, Haemodia-s. Formicans, Formication 
- s. Mentis, Fatuitas - s. Vigilans, Catalepsy. 
STUPPA, Stupa. 
STUPRATION, Stuprum. 
. STUPRUM, Rape, Stupra'tion, (F.) Deflora- 
tion, Viol. Forcible and illicit enjoyment of a 
married or unmarried female. When committed 
upon the latter, which is most commonly the 
case, it is also called, Deflora'tion, Deflora'tio, 
Devirgma'tio, Vifia'tio, Apanthis'mus, &e. In 
judging whether rape has been committed under 
such circumstances, the state of the genital or- 
gans ; the age of the individual; and the possibi- 
lity of accidents and diseases of the parts, will 
have to be considered. It will be necessary, also, 
821 
STYLO-MASTOID 
to be acquainted with the evidences of virginity; 
and to determine,-if signs of virginity no longer 
exist, - whether its loss be attributable to copu- 
lation, or to the introduction into the vagina of 
any other body than the male organ, <tc. llecent 
deflowering can, of course, be much more readily 
distinguished than that which has taken place 
some time. 
STUTTERING, Balbuties. 
STYAN, Hordeolum. 
STYE, Hordeolum. 
STYMATES. M. J. Cloquet has proposed 
this word, or Stigmates, from oriypa, 'a mark,' 
to designate the marks, in form of cicatrices, 
which remain on the peritoneum after the oblite- 
ration of the neck of the hernial sac. They are, 
commonly, radiated folds, of a whitish appear- 
ance, more or less thick, and of a fibrous or fibro- 
cartilaginous nature. 
STYLET, Specillum. 
STYLI, Styloid processes. 
STYLIFORM, Styloid. 
STYLO - CERATOIDES, Stylo-hyoideus - s. 
Cerato-hyoideus, Stylo-hyoideus. 
STYLO-CHONDRO-HYOIDEUS. A name 
given, by Douglas and Albinus, to a fleshy fasci- 
culus which the stylo-hyoid muscle sometimes 
presents, and which is attached to the lesser 
cornu of the os hyoides. It is the same fascicu- 
lus which Santorini calls Stylo-hyo'i'des novus, 
Stylo-hyoideus alter. 
STYLO-GLOSSUS. A muscle situate at the 
anterior and superior part of the neck. It is nar- 
row behind, much broader before; is attached 
to the styloid process of the temporal bone, and 
to the stylo-maxillary ligament; and is inserted 
into the side of the tongue. It raises the base of 
the tongue and carries it backwards. 
STYLO-HYOIDEUS, Stylo-hyo'idien, Stylo- 
cer'ato-hyo'ideus, Stylo-ceratoi'des, Stylo-hyo'ides 
major. A muscle, situate at the superior, ante- 
rior, and lateral part of the neck. It is thin and 
narrow, - especially posteriorly: anteriorly, it 
opens to give passage to the tendon of the digas- 
tricus. It is attached to the styloid process of 
the temporal bone, and to the body of the os 
hyoides. It raises the os hyoides, and carries it 
backwards. 
Stylo-hyoid Ligament is a fibrous, flattened 
cord, which passes from the styloid process to the 
lesser cornu of the os hyoides. 
Stylo-hyoid Nerve is the second branch 
given off by the facial nerve. 
STYLOID, Sty'liform, Styldi'des, Graph ioV- 
des, Graphoi'des, Graphio'des, Graph idol'des, 
Belono'des, from crvXof, 'a style,' 'a peg,' 'a pin,' 
and idtos, 'shape.' Shaped like a peg or pin. 
Styloid Cornua, see Hyoides os. 
Styloid Proc"esses, Pencil-like Processes, 
Proces'sus Peloides seu Belemnoides seu Belono'i'- 
des seu Graphioides seu Graphoi'des, Styli, are, 
1. A long and slender process of the temporal 
bone, to which are attached the stylo-glossus, 
stylo-pharyngeus, and stylo-hyoideus muscles, 
and the stylo-hyoid and stylo-maxillary liga- 
ments. 2. Two slender and pyramidal processes 
at the inferior extremities of the radius and ulna. 
STYLO-MASTOID, Stylo-matto'idei.s. That 
which relates to the styloid and mastoid pro- 
cesses. 
Stylo-mastoid Artery arises from the poste- 
rior auricular, and, in some subjects, from the 
occipital. It enters the stylo-mastoid foramen ; 
passes along the aqueduct of Fallopius, and 
spreads its ramifications on the mucous mem- 
brane of the tympanum, and in the mastoid cells, 
and semi-circular canals; and terminates by anas- STYLO-MAXILLARY 
tomosing with a branch of the Arteria meningaa 
media, which enters by the Hiatus Fallopii. 
Murray has given the name - Stylo-mastoid - to 
the posterior auricular artery itself. 
Stylo-mastoid Foba'men, Foramen Stylo-mas- 
tdideum or F. Aquceduc'tus Fallo'pii, (F.) Trou 
auonyme, is situate at the inferior surface of the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone, between 
the styloid and mastoid processes. It terminates 
the aqueduct of Fallopius, and gives passage to 
the facial nerve. 
STYLO-MAX'ILLARY, Stylo-maxilla'ris. 
That which relates to the styloid processes and 
jaw. 
The Stylo-Maxillary Ligament is a liga- 
mentous, flat cord, extending between the styloid 
process and the angle of the jaw. 
STYLO-PHARYNGEUS, (F.) Stylo -thyro- 
pharyngien. A muscle, situate at the anterior 
and lateral part of the neck. It is slender; thin 
above; attached to the styloid process of the 
temporal bone, and terminates in the parietes of 
the pharynx, as well as at the posterior margin 
of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the pharynx 
and carries it backwards. Professor Chaussier 
has united, under the name Stylo-pharyngien, 
the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx, the 
stylo-pharyngeus, and palato-pharyngeus. 
STYLOPH'ORUM DIPHYL'LUM, Meconop'- 
tis diphyl'la, Cel'andine Poppy, Horn Poppy, 
Bruise root. An indigenous plant, of the family 
Papaveraceae, growing from western Pennsylva 
nia to Wisconsin, which flowers from May to Au- 
gust. The juice is fetid and narcotic. Infused 
in wine, it has been given internally in gravel; 
and has been applied externally to contusions, Ac. 
STYL O-THYRO- PH AR YNGIEN, Stylo- 
pharyngeus. 
STYLUS, Sound. 
Stylus Excava'tus, Specil'lum excava'tum. 
A hollow sound. 
STYMA, Erection, Priapismus. 
STYMATOSIS, Stimatosis. 
STYM'MATA, from arvpua, 'that which con- 
stricts or thickens.' The most solid ointments. 
Also, the ingredients proper for increasing their 
consistence. 
STYPSIS, Astriction, Constipation. 
STYPTERIA, Alumen, Styptics. 
STYPTIC, EATON'S. A name first given to 
Helvetius's Styptic, when introduced into Great 
Britain. It is now usually made of calcined 
green vitriol, ; proof spirit, tinged with a little 
oak bark, Oij. 
Styptic, Helvetius's, see Ferrum tartarizatum. 
Styptic, Ruspini's, Liquor Stypt'icus Ruspini. 
A nostrum, said to consist of gallic acid, a small 
quantity of sulphate of zinc and opium, dissolved 
in a mixture of alcohol and rose-icater, which has 
had much reputation as an internal and external 
astringent. 
Styptics, Contrahen'tia, Constricti'va Medica- 
tnen'ta, Constringen'tia, Anastal'tica, Stypte'ria, 
from arvcin, ' I constringe.' Sometimes used sy- 
nonymously with astringent, but generally ap- 
plied to a substance employed to arrest hemor- 
rhage,- Ena'mon. A mechanical styptic is one 
that arrests the flow of blood, by being applied 
immediately to the mouth of the bleeding vessel, 
or by inducing a coagulum, mechanically, in 
it. A chymieal styptic is one which coagu- 
lates, chymically, the blood around a bleeding 
orifice. 
STYRAC"INUM O'LEUM. Oil obtained by 
boding storax in good olive oil. 
8TYRAX, from arupaf, ' a reed,' in which it 
822 
SUBCLAVIAN 
was preserved. A resin obtained from the Sty- 
rax offieina'lis and S. calami'ta. It is the solid 
storax;- officinal storax. There are two kinds 
of storax met with : 1. The died Storax, Gum 
Storax, Thun Judao'rwn, Styrax rubra, Styra'cis 
bal'samum, Balsamum styracis officinalis, which 
is obtained by incision from the Styrax offieina'lis, 
and, perhaps, from the Liquidam'bar oricnta'lis. 
The purest is in tears ; but it has lost some of its 
smell in drying. 2. Common Storax, Styrax ca- 
lami'ta. That which has been received in reeds 
or vessels, and has had saw-dust added immedi- 
ately to thicken it. The odour of storax is fra- 
grant; the taste aromatic. It is considered, like 
the other balsams, to be stimulant and expecto- 
rant, but is rarely used long. 
Pu'rified Storax, S.cola'ta, S. purifiea'ta, is 
prepared by dissolving storax in alcohol; strain- 
ing the solution; then distilling off the aleohcl 
with a gentle heat, until the storax*acquires thi' 
proper consistence. - Ph. U. S. Dose, gr. i 
to xxx. 
Styrax Alba, see Myroxylon Peruiferum - s. 
Benzoin, see Benjamin - s. Calamita, see Styrai 
- s. Liquida, Liquidambar styraciflua-s. Offici- 
nalis, see Styrax. 
STASIS, Erection, Priapismus. 
SUAVEOLENS, Beneolens. 
SUB. A common Latin prefix, signifying 
' beneath.' 
SUBAC'TIO, Chiro'sis, Cheirosis. The ope- 
ration of making plasters, extracts, Ac., with th< 
hand, or with the pestle and mortar. 
SUBAFFECTIO, Hydropathia. 
SUBAGITATRIX, Tribade. 
SUB-ATLOIDEUS, Infra-atloideus, (F.) Sous- 
atloidien. That which is situate beneath the 
atlas or first cervical vertebra. Chaussier has 
given this name to the second pair of cervical 
nerves. 
SUB-AXOIDEUS, Infra-axo'ideus, (F.) Sous- 
axoidien. That which is below the axis or ver- 
tebra dentata. Chaussier has given this name to 
the third pair of cervical nerves. 
SUBBORAS NATRICUM, Borax. 
SUBCARTILAGINEUM, Ilypochondre. 
SUBCLA'VIAN, Subcla'vins, Subclavicula'ris, 
from sub, 'under,' and clavis, 'the clavicle.' 
That which is under the clavicle. 
Subclavian Arteries, (F.) Arteres sous-cla- 
viires, are situate at the upper part of the chest, 
and the lateral and lower parts of the neck. 
The right arises at the corresponding side of the 
trachea, and comes off from the arteria innomi- 
nata or brachio-cephalic trunk. The left leaves 
the aorta at the end of the arch. Both extend 
as far as the superior surface of the first rib, in 
the space between the scaleni muscles, beyond 
which they take the name axillary arteries. 
The subclavian arteries run, for some distance, 
without sending off any branch. In the neigh- 
bourhood of the first rib, however, they give off, 
1. Upwards, the vertebral and inferior thyroideal. 
2. Downwards, the internal mammary and supe- 
rior intercostal. 3. Outwards, the transverse cer- 
vical or posterior scapular, the superior scapular, 
and the posterior cervical or profunda. 
Subclavian or Subclavius Muscle, Subcla- 
via'nus, (F.) Costo-claviculaire (Ch.), Sous-cla- 
vier, is situate at the superior and anterior part 
of the chest. It is attached, by its inner extre- 
mity, to the superior surface of the cartilage of 
the first rib; and by its superior margin and 
outer extremity to the inferior surface of the 
clavicle. This muscle depresses the clavicle, and 
carries it forward. When the shoulder is fixed, 
it can raise the first rib. 
Subclavian Veins, (F.) Veines sous-claviires, SUBCLAVICULA 
are continuations of the axillary, and extend from 
the inferior extremity of the scalenus anticus, in 
front of which they pass, to the vena cava supe- 
rior, which they form by their union. The right 
subclavian vein is very short; the left, longer 
and broader. These veins receive the mouths of 
the internal and external jugulars, vertebral and 
superior intercostal. The left subclavian receives 
two veins more than the right,-the left internal 
mammary and left inferior thyroid. The thora- 
cic duct opens into the left subclavian :-the cor- 
responding great Ivmphatic vessel into the right. 
SUBCLAVIC'ULA, from sub, 'under,' and 
davieula, ' the clavicle.' The first rib. 
SUBCLAVICULARIS, Subclavian. 
SUBCLAVIUS, Subclavian muscle. 
SUBCRUEN'TUS, 'somewhat bloody;' from 
sub, and cruentus, 'bloody;' Hypha'mos. That 
which has the colour and nature of blood. An 
epithet given to certain excreted substances, which 
are mixed with blood, or have the appearance of 
blood. 
SUBCRURASI, see Cruraeus. 
SUBCUTA'NEOUS, Subcuta'neus, from sub, 
'under,' and cutis, 'the skin ;' Intercuta'neus, (F.) 
Sous-cutane. That which is placed immediately 
under the skin. 
Subcutaneus Colli, Superficialis colli - s. 
Malae (Nervus), Orbitar nerve. 
SUBDELIRIUM, Typhomania. 
SUB'DITA, Subditit"ia, from subdere, 'to put 
under;' Pros'theta. Medicines introduced into 
some one of the natural apertures; - as supposi- 
tories, pessaries, <tc. 
SUBDITITIA, Subdita. 
SUBDUCTIO, Dejection. 
SUBER, Cork:-the bark of the Quercus Suber 
or Cork Tree. (F.) Liege. Family, Amentaceae. 
fiiear. Syst. Monoecia Polyandria. Cork, when 
burnt, is applied as a mechanical styptic to 
bleeding piles, <tc. Surgeons use it for making 
tents ; and it has been recommended to be worn 
as an amulet to suppress the secretion of milk! 
SUBETH, Coma. 
SUBFRONTA'LIS SUTU'RA. A suture re- 
sulting from the articulation of the os frontis 
with the nasal process of the superior maxillary 
bone, and the proper bones of the nose. 
SUPGRONDATION, Depression. 
SUBIIUMERATIO, Catomismos. 
SUBIGATOR. Tribade. 
SUBINFLAM MATIO, Subinflammation - s. 
Ilepatis. Hepatitis, chronic. 
SU BI N FL A M M A'T ION, Subinflamma'tio, 
from sub, 'under,' and inflammatio. Inflamma- 
tiun'eula, Hypophlegma' sia. A mild degree of 
inflammation, so slight as hardly to deserve the 
name inflammation. Broussais understood by the 
term, an augmentation in the vital phenomena 
of the vessels that convey white blood. Lym- 
phatic engorgements, scrofula, herpes, and cancer 
he considered subinflammations. 
SUBINTRAN'TES FEBRES, from sub, 
'under,' and intrare, 'to enter.' Communican'tes 
febres. Fevers primarily intermittent, whose 
paroxysms approximate, so that one paroxysm 
begins before that which preceded it has gone 
through its stages. - L. Bellini. 
SUBJECTIVE SENSATIONS, see Sensation. 
SUBJEE, Bangue. 
SUBLIGACULUM, Truss. 
SUBLIGATURA. Truss. 
SUBLIMAMENTUM, Enamrema. 
SUBLIMATE, CORROSIVE, Hydrargyri 
oxymurias. 
SUBLIMA'TION, Sublima'tio, Meteoris'mus, 
Hypen'sis, from sublimo, ' I raise up.' An opera- 
tion by which dry and solid matters are volatilized 
823 
SUBMENTAL 
and condensed at the upper part of a subliming 
apparatus. Calomel, sal ammoniac, Ac., are com- 
monly obtained by sublimation. The product of 
sublimation is a Sub'limate SubUnia'turn, (F.) Sub- 
Unit. 
SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, Ilydrargyri 
oxymurias. 
SUBLIME, Sublimis. 
SUBLIME, Enaeorema, Sublimate-s. Corro- 
sif, Hydrargyri oxymurias. 
SUBLI'MIS, (F.) Sublime, 'high, elevated, 
superficial.' Anatomists have given the name 
sublimis to certain muscles, which are situate 
more superficially than their kindred muscles. 
These last they have called profundi. Of the 
former, the flexor sublimis digitorum is an ex- 
ample. 
The French use the term 'respiration sublime' 
for the respiration which is accompanied by con- 
siderable elevation of the ribs, and with separa- 
tion of the alae nasi at the time of inspiration. 
SUBLINGUA, Uvula. 
SUBLIN'GUAL, Sublingua'Us, (F.) Souslin- 
gual, from sub, 'under,' and lingua, 'the tongue.' 
That which is seated under the tongue. 
Sublingual Artery, with some, is the Lin- 
gual. With others, it is a branch given off by 
the lingual opposite the genio-glossus muscle, 
which is distributed particularly to the sublingual 
gland, to the mylo-hyoid, and genio-glossus mus- 
cles, Ac. 
Sublingual Gland, Glan'dula sublingua'Us, 
G. Bartholinia'na, G. Rivinia'na, is seated in the 
substance of the inferior paries of the mouth, be- 
neath the anterior part of the tongue. It is 
smaller than the submaxillary, of which it fre- 
quently seems to be only a prolongation. It is 
oblong, flattened, amygdaloid, and is covered by 
the mucous membrane of the mouth, beneath 
which it projects. This gland has 10 or 12 ex- 
cretory ducts - Ductus Rivinia'ni seu Walthe- 
ria'ni-some of which open beneath the frmnum 
linguae, joining Wharton's duct, whilst others 
pierce the mucous membrane of the mouth sepa- 
rately. It has the same structure as the parotid. 
SUBLINGUIUM, Uvula. 
SUBLINGUUM, Epiglottis. 
SUBLOB'U LAR, Sublobula'ris; from sub, 
'under,' and lobus, 'a lobe.' That which is 
placed under a lobe. 
Sublobular Veins of the Liver. The veins 
in which the intra-lobular veins terminate. By 
their union, the sublobular veins form the hepatic 
veins. 
SUBLUXATIO, Sprain. 
SUB MAX' IL LARY, Submaxilla'ris, Infra- 
maxilla'ris, (F.) Sous-maxillaire, from sub, 
'under,' and maxilla, 'the jaw.' That which is 
seated beneath the jaw. 
Submaxillary Ganglion is a small nervous 
ganglion, situate opposite the gland. It seems 
to be formed by the superior branch of the Vidian 
nerve, and communicates with the lingual nerve 
of the inferior maxillary. Its filaments form a 
plexus which penetrates the submaxillary gland. 
Submaxillary Gland, Max'illary Gland, Hy- 
pognath'aden, is a. salivary gland, less than the 
parotid, seated at the inner side of the ramus and 
body of the inferior maxillary bone, in the trian- 
gular space between the two bellies of the digas- 
tricus. Irregularly ovoid, and flattened on three 
surfaces, it has the same aspect and organization 
as the other salivary glands. Its excretory duct 
is called Wharton's Duct, and terminates at the 
side of the fraenum linguse, by a-very small orifice. 
It is also called Ductus inferior. 
SUBMEN'TAL, Submenta'lis, (F.) Sousmental, SUBMERSION 
from »»6, 'under,' and mentum, 'the chin.' Situ- 
ate under the chin. 
Submental Artery is furnished by the facial, 
near the base of the jaw. It passes forwards 
along the attachment of the mylo-hyoideus, to 
which it furnishes branches that cross it to anas- 
tomose with those of the sublingual. Near the 
median line it bifurcates, to be distributed to the 
chin and muscles of the infra-hyoid region. 
Submental Vein, which accompanies the ar- 
tery, opens into the labial. 
SUBMER'SION, Submer' sio, from sub, 'under,' 
and mergere, mersunt, ' to plunge.' The act of 
plunging, or being entirely plunged, in a liquid. 
Asphyx'ia by submersion, Drowning, Asphyxia 
Immerso'rum, is not owing to a certain quantity 
of liquid being introduced into the alimentary or 
air-passages; but simply to the interception of 
air, and of the respiratory phenomena. It is a 
case of suffocation, the signs of which, on dis- 
section, are equivocal, without circumstantial 
evidence. 
SUBMISSIO, Remission-s. Cordis, Systole. 
SUBMU'COUS, Submuco'sus; from sub, 
'under,' and mucus. Under a mucous mem- 
brane,--as the 'submucous areolar tissue.' 
SUBMURIAS AMMONIACO-HYDRARGY- 
RICUS, Hydrargyrum praecipitatum. 
SUBMUS'CULAR, Submuscula'ris; from sub, 
'under,' and musculus, 'a muscle.' Seated be- 
neath muscles or a muscular layer. 
SUBOCCIP'ITAL, Suboccipita'lis ; from sub, 
'under,' and occiput. That which is situated 
under the occiput. 
Suboccip'ital Nerve, Occipital nerve. 
SUBOR'BITAR, Suborbit a'rius, Infra-or'bitar, 
Infra-orbita'lis, Infra-orbita' rius, (F.) Sous-orbi- 
taire, from sub, 'under,' and orbita, 'the orbit.' 
That which is seated beneath the orbitar cavity. 
Suborbitar Artery, Infra-orbitar, A., pro- 
ceeds from the internal maxillary, from which it 
separates near the anterior and superior part of 
the zygomatic fossa. It enters the infra-orbitar 
canal, and passes through it, giving branches to 
the anterior and superior dental canal; issues by 
the foramen infra-orbitarium; and divides, in the 
fossa canina, into a number of branches, which 
lose themselves in the neighbouring parts. The 
infra-orbitar vein follows the same course. 
Suborbitar Canal, Infra-orbitar Canal, (F.) 
Canal ou Conduit sous-orbitaire, is a small canal, 
which runs obliquely through the substance of 
the inferior paries of the orbit. It begins, behind, 
by a simple gutter, and divides, anteriorly, into 
two branches, one of which descends into the 
anterior paries of the maxillary sinus, whilst the 
other passes out, in the canine fossa, by an ori- 
fice, called Foramen-infra-orbitarium, (F,) Trou 
sous-orbitaire. The infra-orbitar artery and nerve 
pass along it. 
Suborbitar Fissure, Infra-orbitar Fissure, 
Rima cana'lis orbita'rii, Fissu'ra infra-orbita'lis. 
A fissure in the superior maxillary bone; the su- 
perior commencement of the suborbitar canal. 
Suborbitar Fossa, Canine fossa. 
Suborbitar Nerves, Infra-orbitar Nerves, 
seem to terminate the superior maxillary. They 
issue from the infra-orbitar canal by the foramen 
of the same name, and spread out in a radiated 
manner in the fossa canina, to divide into superior 
or palpebral filaments, inferior or labial, internal 
Of nasal, and external or buccal. 
SUBPERITONE'AL, Subperitonea'lis; from 
»ha, ' under,' and peritoneum. That which lies 
under the peritoneum. 
Subperitoneal Aponeurosis, Fascia, subpe- 
ritoneal - s. Ganglia, see Spermatic ganglion. 
SUBPLACENTA, Decidua membrana. 
824 
SUBSULTUS 
SUBP0PLITA5US, Poplitaeus muscle. 
SUBPUBIC ARCH, Arcus subpu' bicus. A 
strong arch of the superior pelvic aponeurosis, 
which completes the posterior orifice of the ob- 
turator or subpubic canal. 
Subpubic Membrane, Obturator membrane. 
SUBPUBIO-FEMORALIS, Abductor brevis 
-s. Prostaticus, Compressor prostatac. 
SUBPUTRIS, Hyposaprus. 
SUBSCAP'ULAR, Subscapula'ris, (F.) Sous- 
scapvlaire, Sons-scapulo-trochinien, from sub, 
'under,' and scapula, 'the shoulder-blade.' That 
which'is beneath the scapula. 
Subscapular Fossa, Fossa Subscapula'ris. 
A considerable excavation at the anterior surface 
or venter of the scapula, in which the subscapu- 
laris is seated. 
Subscapular Muscle, Subscapula'ris Muscle, 
Immer'sus, Lnfra-scapula'ris, (F.) Sous-scapulo- 
trochinien (Ch.), Porte-feiiille, Muscle sous-scapu- 
laire. A muscle situate in the above-mentioned 
fossa. It is flat, broad, and triangular; is at- 
tached, by its base, to the subscapulary fossa and 
to the anterior lip of the edge of the spine of the 
scapula, and is inserted into the lesser tuberosity 
of the humerus. It carries the arm in rotation 
inwards. It can also depress it, and bring it to- 
wards the body. 
Subscap'ular Nerves are two in number. 
One arises from the brachial plexus above the 
clavicle; the other from the posterior aspect of 
the plexus within the axilla. They are distri- 
buted to the subscapularis muscle. 
SUBSE'ROUS, Subsero'sus; from sub, 'under,' 
and serous. Under a serous membrane, - as the 
' subserous areolar tissue.' 
SUBSIDENTIA, Sediment. 
SUBSTANCE EMAILLEE DES DENTS, 
Enamel of the teeth - s. Horny, see Tooth. 
SUBSTANCE, HYALINE, Cytoblastema-s. 
Intercellular, Cytoblastema-s. Vitree des Dents, 
•Enamel of the teeth. 
Substance, White, of Schwann. A hollow 
cylinder within the tubular nervous fibre, which 
differs in composition and refracting power from 
the matter that occupies the centre of the tube. 
SUBSTANTIA ADAMANTINA DENTIUM, 
Enamel - s. Filamentosa dentium, Enamel - s. 
Hyalina, Cytoblastema - s. Ossea dentium, see 
Tooth-s. Ostoidea, see Tooth. 
Substant'ia Perfora'ta Me'dia. When the 
pia mater has been removed from the sp'ace be- 
tween the crura cerebri termed the intercm'ral 
or interpedunc' ular, the surface appears cribriform 
from the perforations of the numerous minute 
vessels which penetrate it. This is the substan'tia 
perfora'ta me'dia of Vicq d'Azyr. 
Substantia Pulposa Dentis, Dental pulp-3. 
Rhomboidea, Corpus dentatum - s. Spongiosa 
Urethrae, Corpus spongiosum urethrae-s. Vitrea 
dentium, Enamel of the teeth - s. Vitrea, Cyto- 
blastema. 
SUB'STANTIVE, Substanti'vus; from substare, 
(sub and stare,) 'to stand under or subsist.' An 
epithet applied by Dr. Paris to aliments which 
are nutritious, in contradistinction to adjective 
aliments, which are themselves not possessed of 
nutritive virtues, but impart to the digestive or- 
gans greater energy, so as to enable them to ex- 
tract more nutriment from the substantive ali- 
ments. Meat, for example, is a substantive 
aliment: the condiment, as mustard, eaten with 
it, an adjective aliment. 
SUBSTILLUM, Stillicidium. 
SUBSULTIO, Palpitation. 
SUBSUL'TUS TEN'DINUM, Saltns tcn'di- 
num, Clonus subsultus, Subsultus, Carpbolog"ia 
spasmod'ica, MyopaCmus, Twitching of the Ten- SUBSURDITAS 
dons, (F.) Soubresaut, from subsilire, subsultum, 
(sub and satire,) 'to make short leaps.' Twitch- 
ing, communicated to the tendons by the invo- 
luntary and instantaneous contraction of the 
muscular fibres. It is more observable at the 
wrist than elsewhere ; and is an evidence of great 
cerebral irritability, and debility, when it occurs 
at an advanced period of fever. 
The muscular agitations or twitchings observed 
in febrile diseases, especially of children, have 
been termed Convulsibil'itas, Sclerotyr'be febri'lis, 
and Irritabil'itas morbo'sa. 
SUBSURDITAS, Deafness. 
SUB'UBERES, from sub, 'under,'and utera, 
'the breasts.' Infan'tes augen'tea, Sucking chil- 
dren. Infants at the breast, in contradistinction 
to the Exu'beres, airoyahaKroi, or those which have 
been weaned. 
SUBUN'GUIAL, Subun'guical, (F.) Sous-un- 
gtale, from sub, 'under,' and unguis, 'a nail.' Be- 
longing to parts under the nail; - as subunguial 
exostosis, (F.) Exostosc sous-ungeale, an exostosis 
under the nail of the great toe especially. 
SUBVERSIO STOMACHI, Vomiturition. 
SUBVERTEBRA, Sacrum. 
SUBVERTEBRUM, Sacrum. 
SUB VOL A, Hypothenar. 
SUC, Succus - s. de Citron, see Citrus medica 
-«. Gastrique, Gastric juice - s. Midullaire, 
Marrow - s. du Limon, see Citrus medica. 
SUCCA'GO, from succus, 'juice.' The inspis- 
sated juice of plants ; robs, jellies, &c. 
SUCCEDA'NEUM, Succida'neum, Substitu'- 
tum, Antiballom'enum, Surroga'tum, Antembal- 
lom'enum, Quid pro quo, from succedere, (sub, 
and cedere), ' to go under, to come in place of 
another.' An epithet for medicines that may be 
substituted for others possessing similar pro- 
perties. 
SUCCENTURIA'TUS, from succenturiare (snb, 
and centuria), ' to supply a soldier to fill a va- 
cancy;' and hence, 'to substitute or put in the 
room of.' That which is a substitute for another; 
as Renes succenturiati, Ventriculus succenturia- 
ttis. Ac. 
SUCCIIAR, Saccharum. 
SUCCIDANEUM, Succedaneum. 
SUCCIN, Succinum. 
SUCCINCTURA, Diaphragm. 
SUCCINCTUS, Diaphragm. 
SUCCINI RESINA, Musk, artificial. 
SUCCIN'IC ACID, Ac"idum Suc'cini, A. Suc- 
cin'icuni, Acor Succin'eus, Sal Succini, Sal volat'- 
ile Succini, has been considered antispasmodic 
and diaphoretic, in the dose of from five to twenty 
grains. 
SUC'CINUM, Elec'trnm, Ambra, Ambram, Am- 
par, Bereni'ce, Amber, Yellow Amber, (F.) Succin, 
Ambre jaune. This substance, which is found on 
the shores of the Baltic, is composed of a resinous 
matter, of essential oil, and an acid sui generis. 
It is inodorous, except when heated or rubbed ; 
insipid ; in fragments of a pale golden-yellow co- 
lour ; transparent, and has a shining lustre. S.g. 
1.08 ; insoluble in water, and slightly acted on 
by alcohol. It is used for affording its essential 
oil-the O'leum or Bal'samwn Suc'cini, (F.) Huile 
de Succin. This oil possesses stimulant, antispas- 
modic, diuretic, and rubefacient properties. 
The O'leum Suc'cini reetifica'tum, Rectified Oil 
of Amber, is made as follows :-<>/Anifter, Oj : 
water, Ovj. Mix in a glass retort, and distil until 
Oiv of the water have passed with the oil into the 
receiver; separate the oil from the water, and 
keep it in well-stopped bottles.-(Ph. U. S.) 
The White amber, Leucelec'trum, (F.) Ambre 
blanc, is a variety. 
825 
SUDAMINA 
Succinum Cinereum, Ambergris - s. Grisetwn, 
Ambergris. 
SUCCION, Sucking. 
SUCCISA, Scabiosa succisa-s. Pratensis, S. 
succisa. 
SUCCOLATA, Chocolate. 
SUCCORY, WILD, Cichorium intybus, Chi- 
ronia angularis. 
SUC'CUBUS, from sub, and cubare, 'to lie.' 
Some authors have used this word synonymously 
with nightmare. Others mean by it a female 
phantom, with which a man in his sleep may be- 
lieve he has intercourse; - as Incubus has been 
applied to the male phantom, with which a female 
may dream she is similarly situate. 
SUCCUS, Cbylus, Opos, Opis'ma, Cbylis'ma, 
Ecchylo'nia, Apothlim'ma, Juice, (F.) Sue. The 
fluid obtained by pressing plants, flesh, Ac.; me- 
nus expres'sus. It is, also, applied to certain ani- 
mal fluids, as (S'. Gastricus, Ac. 
Succus Acacia: Germanics Inspissatus, see 
Prunus spinosa-s. Acaciae nostratis, see Prunus 
spinosa-s. Arborum, Sap - s. Cicutae spissatus, 
Extractum conii - s. Cyrenaicus, Laserpitium. 
Succus Enter'icus, S. Intestina'Us, lutes'tinal 
Juice. The fluid secreted from the lining mem- 
brane of the small intestines. 
Succus Expressus, Apothlimma - s. Gastri- 
cus, Gastric juice - s. Glycyrrhizse, Extractum 
glycyrrhizae- s. Hypocistidis, see Cytinus - s. 
Intestinalis, Succus entericus - s. Japonicus, Ca- 
techu- s. Limonis, see Citrus medica - s. Liqui- 
ritiae, Extractum glycyrrhizre- s. Nerveus, Ner- 
vous fluid - s. Nutritius, Chyle - s. Orni concre- 
tus, see Fraxinus ornus - s. Pancreaticus, see 
Pancreas - s. Spissatus Aconiti Napelli, Extrac- 
tuni aeoniti - s. Spissatus atropae belladonna?, 
Extractum belladonnas - s. Spissatus conii ma- 
culati, Extractum cicuta?- s. Spissatus hyoscy- 
ami nigri, Extractum hyoscyami - s. Spissatus 
lactucae sativre, Extractum lactucse. 
SUCCUS'SION, Hippocrat'ic Succus'sion, Site- 
cus'sio, from snecutio (sub, and quarto), 'I shake 
from beneath.' A mode of ascertaining the ex- 
istence of a fluid in the thorax, ( fluctuation by 
succussion,) by giving the body one or more slight 
shakes. 
Succussion, Ballottement. 
SUCHOR, Saccharum. 
SUCKING, Suc'tio, Suctus, Atbelx'is, Bdalsis, 
Myze'sis, (F.) Succion, from sugere, suctum, 'to 
suck.' The act of drawing liquid into the mouth, 
■by forming a vacuum with the tongue acting as 
a piston, during inspiration. 
Sucking Bottle. A bottle so formed, that, 
when filled with milk, it can be sucked from in- 
stead of the breast. 
Sucking Child, Lactens. A suckling. 
SUCKLE, Lactare, yaXaicrorpotytiv, Ti3r)<f>viiv,(Tj'.) 
Allaiter ou Alaiter. To give suck. To nurse. 
SUCKLING, Lactation, Sucking child. 
SUCRE, Saccharum-s. Candi, Saccharum 
candidum - s. de Lait, Sugar of milk - «. de Sa- 
turne, Plumbi superacetas. 
SUCTIO, Exsuctio, Sucking, 
SUCTION POWER. The force exerted on 
the blood in the veins, by the active dilatation 
of the heart. See Derivation. 
SUCTO'RIA, from sugo, 'I suck.' Animals 
provided with mouths for sucking. Also, organs 
for sucking or adhesion,- hence termed suctorial 
- as ' suctorial oscula.* 
SUCTORIAL, see Suctoria. 
SUCTUS, Sucking. 
SUDAM'INA, Hydro'ata, Hidro'ta, Pap'vltn 
sudora'les, Suffersu'rte, Alha'sef, Blanta noe- 
tic, Boa, from sudor, 'sweat.' Small vesicles, SUDARIUM 
which appear upon the skin, especially in the 
summer time, in hot countries, and in dis- 
eases attended with much sweating. It is a mi- 
liary eruption. See Miliary fever. 
Sudamina, Desudatio, Echauboxdures, Lichen 
tropicus. 
SUDARIUM, Achicolum. 
SUDATION, Hidrosis. 
SUDATORIA, Hidrosis - s. Maligna, see Su- 
dor Anglicus. 
SUDATORIUM, Achicolum. 
SUDOR, Hidros, (F.) Sueur, 'sweat.' The 
product of cutaneous transpiration, when visible 
on the surface of the body. It is colourless ; of 
an odour more or less strong and variable; and of 
a saline taste. It is composed, according to Ber- 
zelius, of water, lactic acid, lactate of soda united 
with a little animal matter, chloride of sodium, 
and a little chloride of potassium, an atom of 
earthy phosphate, and some oxyd of iron. 
Sudor, Miliary fever. 
Sudor An'glicus, Hidron'osos, Hidrop'yra, 
Hidropyr'etos, Febris sudato'ria, Milia'ris tnda- 
to'ria, Sudor milia'ris, Morbus sudatorius, Ephem'- 
era malig'na, E. sudatoria, E. Britan'nica, Pestis 
Britannica, Sudato'ria malig'na, E. An'glicapes'- 
tilens, Sweating Sickness, Sweating Fever, (F.) 
Suette, S. Miliare, S. epidemique, Sueur Anglaise. 
A very severe epidemic disease, characterized by 
profuse sweating, which appeared in England in 
1486 ; and recurred, at different times, until about 
the middle of the 16th century. It was accom- 
panied with coldness, excessive prostration of 
strength, palpitation, frequency and inequality 
of the pulse. Ac., and terminated favourably or 
unfavourably in the course of 24 hours. The 
French have given the name Suette de Picar- 
Die, Suette des Picards, Fievre suante ; Miliaris 
sudatoria, Sudor Picard'icus, to an epidemic dis- 
ease, which has appeared several times in that 
province; the principal symptoms of which were 
profuse sweats and a miliary eruption. The dis- 
ease recurred in 1821, and has been described, at 
length, by M. Rayer, who considers it to consist 
of a simultaneous state of inflammation of various 
tissues; and proposes to class it with variola, 
scarlatina, and measles. 
Sudor Colliquativus, S. Profusus. 
Sudor Cruen'tus, S. sanguin'eus, Hcr.matidro' - 
sis, Hamathid.ro'sis, Epidro'sis cruen'ta, Hamor- 
rhag"ia per Cutem, (F.) Hematidrose, Sueur de 
Sang ; Sweating of blood, Bloody sweat, Hem'- 
orrhage from the skin. Cutaneous perspiration 
intermixed with blood: - a very uncommon af- 
fection. 
Sudor Dulcis, Saccharorrhoe' a cuta'nea, Ephi- 
dro'sis sacchara'ta. A discharge of saccharine 
matter by perspiration. 
Sudor Localis, Meridrosis-s. Miliaris, Mili- 
ary fever, Sudor Anglicus-s. Partialis, Meridrosis. 
Sudor Perfu'sus, S. Colliquati'vus. A pro- 
fuse or immoderate sweat. 
Sudor Sanguineus, Sudor cruentus - s. Uni- 
versalis, Panhidrosis. 
SUDORIFER, Sudoriferous, Sudorific. 
SUDORIF'EROUS, Sudor'ifer, Hydroph'orus, 
from sudor, ' sweat,' and fero, ' I carry.' That 
which carries sweat, as the sudoriferous ducts or 
glands. 
SUDORIF'IC, Sudorif'icum, Sudor'ifer, Hi- 
drot'icum, Hydrote'rium, Hydrotopoe'um, Hidro- 
poet'icum, from sudor, 'sweat,' and facia, 'I 
make.' A medicine which provokes sweating. 
See Diaphoretic. 
Four Sudorific Woods, Quat'uor ligna sudo- 
n fica, were, formerly, guaiacum, perfumed cherry, 
sarsaparilla, and sassafras. 
SUDORIPAROUS, see Perspiration. 
826 
SUGAR 
SUDORIS NULLITAS, Anidrosis - 8. Pri- 
vatio, Anidrosis- s. Suppressio, Ischidrosis. 
SUET, Sevum. z 
SUETTE, Sudor Anglicus - «. Epidemique, 
Sudor Anglicus - a. Miliaire, Sudor Anglicus - 
a. de Picardie, Sudor picardicus-«. des Picards, 
Sudor picardicus. 
SUEUR, Sudor-s. Anglaise, Sudor Anglicus 
- s. d'Expression, Expression, sweat of-s. de 
Sang, Diapedesis, Sudor cruentus. 
SUFFERSURA5. Sudaniina. 
SUFFIMEN, Suffimentum. 
SUFFIMENT'UM, Hypocapnia'ma, Snffi'men, 
Thymi'ama, Suffi'tus, Stiffumiga'tio, Snffumiga'- 
tion, (F.) Parfum. A perfume; suflumige; fumi- 
gation. 
SUFFITIO, Fumigation. 
SUFFITUS, Fumigation, Suffimentum. 
SUFFLATIO, Puffiness. 
SUFFOCATIO, Suffocation, Orthopnoea-s. 
Hypochondriaca, Hypochondriasis-s. Hysterica, 
Angone - s. Stridula, Cynanche trachealis - s. 
Uterina, Angone. 
SUFFOCA'TION, Snffoca'tio, Prafoca'tio, 
Apopnix'is, Asphyx'ia, Melana'ma, from sub, 
'under,' and focus, 'a fire-place.' Death, or 
suspended animation from impeded respiration, 
whether caused by the inhalation of noxious gases, 
drowning, hanging, strangling, or smothering. The 
principal morbid appearances in such cases are: 
-the lungs of a deep-blue colour, with the blood 
extravasated in the air-cells; right auricle and 
ventricle filled with dark blood, as well as the 
neighbouring veins; lividity of the countenance, 
turgescence, and, perhaps, rupture of the vessels 
of the brain. 
Treatment of suspended animation by suffocation 
in general. The patient must be conveyed into 
a room not too warm. Blood-letting must ba 
used, if at all, with caution ; - friction must b« 
employed with salt, or warm flannels ; stimulating 
fluids, in a dilute state, be poured into the sto- 
mach by means of a tube, and attempts be made 
to inflate the lungs. Laryngotomy, if necessary 
Suffocation, Pnigopho'bia, (F.) Etouffement, 
is used for threatened suffocation, as strangling 
is. It means the state of dyspnoea and oppres- 
sion experienced when a sufficient quantity of air 
does not enter the lungs, or when the chemical 
phenomena of respiration are imperfectly exe- 
cuted; as in cases of asthma. 
SUFFOCATION UTERINE, Hysteria. 
SUFFRAGO, Poples. 
SUFFUMIGATION, Suffimentum. 
SUFFUMIGE. Suffimentum. 
SUFFUMIGIUM, Fumigation. 
SUFFUMINATIO, Fumigation. 
SUFFUSIO, Pseudoblepsia-s. Auriginos* 
Icterus-s. Bilis, Icterus-s. Colorans, Chromop . 
sia-s. Dimidians, Hemiopia-s. Exelarans, Oxy. 
opia - s. Fellis, Icterus - s. Lentis crystalling 
Cataract-s. Metamorphosis, Metamorphopsia- 
s. Multiplicans, see Diplopia - s. Myodes, Meta- 
morphopsia-s. Nigra, Amaurosis - s. Oculi, Ca- 
taract, Pseudoblepsia - s. Oculorum, Metamor- 
phopsia - s. Radian?, Scotasma - s. Sanguinis, 
Ecchymoma. 
SUGAR, Saccharum- s. Barley, Penidium - 
s. Candy, Saccharum candidum - s. Cane, see 
Saccharum-s Diabetic, Glucose-s. Fruit, Glu- 
cose- s. Grape, Glucose - s. Honey, Glucose - 
s. of Lead, Plumbi superacetas. 
Sugar of Milk, Sac'charum lactis, Galac'to- 
sac'charum, Lactine, (F.) Sucre de Lait, is ob- 
tained from whey by evaporation and crystalli- 
zation. It possesses the demulcent properties of 
the sugars. SUGARBERRY 
Sugar, Pine, see Arrowroot-s. Starch, Glu- 
cose. 
Sugars, Various, see Saccharum. 
SUGARBERRY, Celtis occidentalis. 
SUGGILLA'TION, Sugilla'tio, Livor, Sugilla- 
tion, (Ede'ma cruentum; a bruise; from sugillare, 
' to give a black eye.' By most authors used 
synonymously with ecchymosis and ecchymoma. 
It is, also, applied to the spots, or ecchymoses 
which occur in consequence of intrinsic causes,- 
in disease and in incipient putrefaction. It is 
common in dead bodies. To this last case it is, 
indeed, restricted by some medico-legal writers; 
and an interesting question sometimes arises :- 
Whether the appearance have been induced be- 
fore death or afterwards? Whether it be a case 
of ecchymosis or of suggillation 1 In the former, 
the extravasated blood will usually be coagulated; 
not so in the latter. It is often, however, diffi- 
cult to form a correct judgment without reference 
to the history of the case. 
SUGGRUN'DIUM, perhaps from suggredi, 
'to go under.' The eave of a house. 
Suggrundium Oculi, Superciliary arch - s. 
Superciliorum, Frontal protuberance. 
SUICIDA, Autochir. 
SUICIDAL INSANITY, Suicide. 
SU'ICIDE, Suici'dium : from sui cades, 'mur- 
der of one's self.' The act of killing one's self. 
Autochi'ria, Autocton'ia, Idiocton'ia, Autophon' ia. 
Suicide is very frequently the result of disease 
of the mind; the individual seeming, at times, to 
be irresistibly impelled to self-destruction. - Me- 
lancholia, Suicid'ium, 3/. autochi' ria, Suici'dal 
Insanity. Also, one who commits self-murder. 
SUIE, Fuligo. 
SUIF, Sevum. 
SUITES DE COUCHES, Lochia. 
SULCATUS, Cannelt, Grooved. 
SULCULUS LABII SUPERIORIS, Lacuna 
Labii superioris. 
SULCUS, Semicana'lis, Semicanalic'ulus. A 
furrow. A groove. (F.) Sillon. Anatomists 
have given this name to grooves on the surface 
of bones and other organs. 
French writers on anatomy often use the term 
Sillons for the grooves which lodge the arteries 
and creep on the surface of bones ; whilst those 
that receive veins are called gouttiires, 'gutters.' 
Also, the vulva. 
Sulcus Antero-posterior Jecoris. see Liver 
-s. Labii superioris, Lacuna Labii superioris. 
Sulcus, Lat'eral, ante'rior, of the Spinal 
Marrow. A mere trace on the marrow, marked 
only by the attachment of the filaments of the 
anterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
Sulcus, Lateral, posterior, of the Spinal 
Marrow, corresponds with the attachment of the 
posterior roots of the spinal nerves. 
Sulcus Transversalis, see Liver-s. Umbi- 
licalis, see Liver. 
SULFATE D'AM M ONIAQUE, Ammoniae 
Sulphas. 
SULFIDUM CARBONII, Carbonis sulphure- 
tum. 
SULFUR, Sulphur. 
SULFURE DE CARBON, Carbonis sulphu- 
retuin. 
SULPHAS ALUMINARIS, Alumen-s. Am- 
moniacae Cupratus, Cuprum ammoniatum - s. 
Cadmicus, Cadmii Sulphas - s. Kalico-alumini- 
cum. Alumen-s. Natricus, Soda, sulphate of-s. 
Zincicum. Zinci sulphas. 
SULPHUR, Sulfur, Scorith, Thei'on, Thion, 
Averich, Terra folia'ta, Fumus cit'rinus, Aq'uila, 
Brimstone, (F.) Soufre. The Notice Sulphur is 
called Rock Sulphur, Sulphur vivum, &c. Sul- 
phur, as we meet with it, is in rolls, Sulphur in 
827 
SULPHURIC 
rot'ulis, S. rotun'dum, Holl Brimstone. It is a 
volcanic production, and is obtained, in largo 
quantities, from Solfatara, in Italy. Roll Sulphur 
is impure sulphur, melted, and run into moulds. 
It is unpleasantly odorous, when heated or rub- 
bed ; insipid; solid, and brittle. S. g. 1.99. 
Fusible at 226°; volatilizable by heat, and con- 
densing unchanged. 
.Sulphur Antimoniatum, Antiinonii sulphure- 
tum praecipitatum-s. Carburet of/Carbonis sul- 
phuretum-s. Chloratum, Sulphur, Chloride of. 
Sulphur,Chloride of, Sul'phuris Chlo'ridvm, 
Sul'phuris Dichlo' ridum, Dichlo'ride of Sulphur, 
Protochlo'ride of Sulphur, Hypochlo'ride of Sul- 
phur, Subchlo' ride of Sulphur, Sulphur chlora.'- 
tum, Hypochlore'turn sulphuro'sum, Bisulph'uret 
of Chlorine, Chlorum hypersulphura'turn, is ob- 
tained by passing dry chlorine gas over washed 
and dried flowers of sulphur, until they are for 
the most part dissolved, and distilling the de- 
canted fluid from the excess of dissolved sulphur. 
One drachm of the liquid to an ounce of lard has 
been used in lepra, psoriasis, and other chronic 
cutaneous diseases. Ten drops, dissolved in 
ether, have been given in adynamic fever. 
Sulphur, Dichloride of, Sulphur, chloride 
of-s. Hypochloride of, Sulphur, chloride of - s. 
lodatum, Sulphuris iodidum-s. Iodide of, Sul- 
phuris iodidum-s. loduret of, Sulphuris iodidum 
- s. Liver of, Potassae sulphuretum. 
Sulphur Lotum, Sulphur sublima'tum lotvm, 
Washed Sulphur, Jfagiste'rium Sulph'uris, Sul- 
phuris Flores loti, is prepared by pouring boil- 
ing water on sublimed sulphur, so as to wash 
away any acid it may contain, and then drying it. 
Sulphur Pra:cipita'tum, Lac Sulph'uris, Milk 
of Sulphur, Precip'itated Sulphur, (F.) Crime de 
Soufre, is prepared by boiling sublimed sulphur 
and lime together, and adding muriatic acid to 
precipitate the sulphur. 
Sulphur, Protochloride of, Sulphur, chlo- 
ride of-s. Subchloride of, Sulphur, chloride of. 
Sulphur Sublima'tum, Sulphur, (Ph. U. S.) 
Sublimed Sulphur, Flowers of Sulphur, (F.) 
Soufre sublimi, Fleurs de Soufre, is the sulphur 
of commerce, sublimed in close vessels. 
Sulphur is possessed of stimulant, laxative, 
and diaphoretic properties. As a laxative, it is 
used in hemorrhoidal and other affections. In the 
itch, applied externally and taken internally, it 
has been considered as a specific (?), and it is a 
valuable remedy in most cutaneous affections that 
are local. Dose, Jss t0 Sth 
The faeces or dregs, left in the purification or 
sublimation of sulphur, are called Horse Brim- 
stone, Dregs oj Sulphur vivum, Sulphur caballi'- 
num, S. vivum, Sulphuris vivi recremen'ta. They 
are very impure, and are only used externally. 
Sulphur, Vegetable, Lycopodium-s. Wort, 
Peucedanum. 
SULPHURATUS, Sulphureous, Sulphurated. 
SULPHU'REOUS, Sulphuro'sus, Sulphu'rius, 
Sulphura'tus, Sulph'uretted. Possessing the pro- 
perties of, or relating to, or containing sulphur. 
SULPHURETTED, Sulphureous - s. Hydro- 
gen, see Hydrogen, sulphuretted. 
SULPHURETUM AMMONIACJE, Ammonia) 
sulphuretum-s. Ammonia hydrogenatum,Liquor 
fumans Boylii-s. Kalicum, Potassae sulphuretum 
-s. Lixivia), Potassae sulphuretum. 
SULPH'URIC ACID, Ac"idum Sulphu'ricum 
vel Sulfuricum, Oleum Vitrio'li, Spir'itus Vitri- 
ol!, S.v. fortis, Acidum vitriol'icum, Oil of Vitriol, 
Spirit of Vitriol, Vitriol'ic Acid, Acidum Vitriols 
dephlogistica'tum, Acor Sulphuris, (F.) Acide 
Sulphurique ou Sulfurique. Sulphuric acid is 
inodorous; has a strong acid taste, and is corro- 
sive. S. g. 1.845 (Ph. U. S.) It is escharotic, SULPHURIS 
stimulant, and rubefacient. Mixed with lard, it is 
sometimes used in local pains, and certain cuta- 
neous affections. 
Sulphuric Acid, Aromat'ic, Ac"idum Sulphu'- 
ricum Aromat'icum, A. vitriol'icum aromat'icum, 
A. vitriolicum alcoho'le aromaticum, Elixir vitri- 
o'li, E. v. aromaticum, E. vitrioli Mynsich'ti, E. 
vitrioli Edinburgen'sium, E. vitrioli cum tinctu'ra 
aromaticd, E. vitrioli dulce seu acido-aromaf i- 
cum, Alcohol cum aromat'ibus sulphurica'tus, 
Tinctu'ra acidi sulphurici, is formed of sulphuric 
acid, ginger, bruised, ; cinnamon, 
bruised, Alcohol, Oij. - Ph. U. S. Dose, 
gtt. x to xxx. 
Sulphuric Acid, Dilu'ted, Ac"idum Sulphu'- 
ricum Dilu'tum, Acidum vitriol'icum dilutum, 
Elixir of Vitriol, Elixir vitrio'li, Spir'itus vitri- 
o'li ac"idus Vogle'ri, (F.) Acide sulfurique de- 
lay e, is formed, according to the Pharmacopoeia 
of the United States, by adding aq. destillat. 
fgxij, to acid, sulph. f,5j- It is tonic, astringent, 
and refrigerant. Dose, gtt. x to xx, largely di- 
luted. When used as a gargle, half a drachm 
may be added to of water. 
Very dilute sulphuric acid was formerly termed 
Phlegma vitrioli. 
SULPHURIS CHLORIDUM, Sulphur, chlo- 
ride of-s. Dichloridum, Sulphur, chloride of. 
Sulph'uris Io'didum, <$". lodure'tum, Sulphur 
loda'tum, loduret or I'odide of Sulphur, (F.) Sou- 
fre lodurt, lodure de Soufre. It is thus directed 
to be prepared in the Pharmacopoeia of the 
U.S. (Zorftn. sulphur, Rub the iodine 
and sulphur together in a glass, porcelain, or 
marble mortar, until they are thoroughly mixed. 
Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice 
loosely, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken 
the mass without melting it. When the colour 
has become uniformly dark throughout, increase 
the heat so as to melt the iodide; then incline 
the matrass in different directions, in order to re- 
turn into the mass any portions of iodine which 
may have condensed on the inner surface of the 
vessel: lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break 
it, and put the iodide into bottles, which are to 
be well stopped. 
SULPIIURIUS, Sulphureous. 
SULPHUROSUS, Sulphureous. 
SULPHUROUS, Sulphureous. 
Sul'phurous Acid, Ac'idum sulphuros'icum, 
A. sulph'uris volat'ile, A. Sulphuro'sum vel Sul- 
furosum, Spir'itus sulphuris, Spiritus sulphuro'- 
sus volat'ilis, Sp. sulphuris per campa'nam, Sp. 
vitrio'li phlogistica'tus, Gas sulphuris, (F.) Acide 
Sulfureux, Air Acide Vitriolique. Obtained by 
treating mercury with concentrated sulphuric 
acid, or by burning sulphur. It is sometimes 
used in the gaseous,- at others, in the liquid 
state. Sulphurous acid gas is used to disinfect 
cloths, confined air, letters coming from infected 
places, <te. It is also exhibited, with great suc- 
cess, in the form of fumigation, in the treatment 
of certain chronic cutaneoous affections, and of 
sciatic and rheumatic pains in general. If re- 
spired pure, it acts in the manner of violent irri- 
tants ; and is not long in producing death. 
SULTZMALT, MINERAL WATERS OF. 
JSultzinalt is a village in the department of the 
Upper Rhine; where are several sources of cold, 
acidulous waters, which seem to contain carbonic 
acid, subcarbonate of soda, subcarbonate of lime, 
sulphate of lime, and a little bitumen. They are 
refrigerant, aperient, and alterative. 
SUMAC DES CORROYEURS, Rhus coria- 
ria-s. Veneneux, Rhus toxicodendron. 
SUMACH, Rhus coriaria. 
SUMBUL. The name of a root, Sum'buli ra- 
dix, Jatamansi, Musk-root, presumed to belong 
828 
SUPERFCECUNDATIO 
to the Umbelliferae family, much employed in 
Russia and Germany against cholera. Its exact 
botanical history is not determined. It contains 
a strongly odorous principle like that of musk; 
and is regarded as an antispasmodic. 
SUMBULI RADIX, Sumbul root. 
SUMEN, Ilypogastrium. 
SUMMER COMPLAINT. A popular name 
in the United States, for diarrhoea occurring in 
summer. It is often, also, made to include dy- 
sentery and cholera infantum. With some it 
means cholera infantum only. 
SuMMitw Piseases, see Estival - s. Rash, Li- 
chen trcj'pious. 
SUMMfTAS CUTIS, Epidermis. 
SUMMUS HUMERUS, Acromion. 
SUNBURN, Ephelides - s. Dew, Drosera ro- 
tundifolia-s. Flower, false, llelenium autumnale 
- s. Flower, swamp, llelenium autumnale - s. 
Flower, tickweed, Coreopsis trichosperma - s. 
Flower, turpentine, Silphium perfoliatuin-s. 
Pain, see Hemicrania - s. Rash, Lichen - s. 
Stroke, Coup de Soleil - s. Egyptian, Coup de 
So lei I. 
SUPELLECTILE DIOGENIS, Palm. 
SUPELLEX ANATOMICA, Museum anato- 
micum-s. Diogenis, Palm. 
SUPER. A common Latin prefix; in compo- 
sition, signifying ' above.' 
SUPERBUS, Rectus superior oculi. 
SUPERCHLORIDUM FORMYLICUM, 
Chloroform. 
SUPERCILIARIS, Corrugator supercilii. 
SUPERCIL'IARY, Supercilia'ris, from super, 
'above,' and cilium, 'the edge of the eyelid.' 
That which relates to the supercilia or eyebrows. 
(F.) Sourcilier ou Surcilier. 
Supercil'iary Arches, Superciliary Hidyes, 
Arcus supercilia'res, Sugyrun'dia oculo'rum, (F.) 
Arcades sourcilieres, are two slightly projecting 
apophyses, situate at the anterior surface of the 
os frontis, above the superior margin of the or- 
bits. They are separated by the nasal bosse, and 
covered by the superciliaris muscle, to which 
they give attachment. 
Superciliary Ridges, Superciliary arches. 
SUPERCIL'IUM, Ophrys, Oph'rya, Vallum, 
(F.) Sourcil. Same etymon. The eyebrows are 
two arched eminences,-convex above, and more 
or less prominent, according to the individual,- 
which lie on the superciliary arch of the os fron- 
tis, above the eyelids, and extend from the sides 
of the root of the nose to the temple. Their in- 
ner extremity or head is more prominent than 
the outer or tail. The eyebrows are covered 
with short and stiff hairs, which are directed, ob- 
liquely, from within outwards, and are, com- 
monly, of the colour of the hair. The skin in 
which these hairs are implanted, rests on the or- 
bicularis palpebrarum, frontalis, and supercilia- 
ris muscles, which move the eyebrows in differ- 
ent directions. The eyebrows serve as an orna- 
ment to the countenance; and by covering the 
eye defend it from the impression of too strong 
a light. They direct the perspiration also from 
the eye. 
Supercilium Acetab'uli. The edge of the 
cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum. 
SUPERCONCEPTION, see Superfoetation. 
SUPEREVACU ATIO, Hypercrisis. 
SUPERFECUNDATION, see Superfoetation. 
SUPERFICIA'LIS COLLI, Nufecu/o'aeut 
Colli. A nerve formed by communicating 
branches from the second and third cervical 
nerves. It is distributed to the superficial parts 
of the neck. 
SUPERFICIES PLANTARIS PEDIS, Sole. 
SUPERFCECUNDATIO, Superfoetation. SUPERF(ETATIO 
SUPERFCETATIO. Superfoetation. 
SUPERFCETA'TION, Superfoeta'tio, Epicye'- 
sis, Hypercye'sis, Super impragna'tio, Epig'one, 
Superftecunda'tio, Superfecunda'tion, Superim- 
pregna'tion, from super, ' upon,* and fcetare, ' to 
bring forth young.' Conception of a foetus-epi- 
cye'ma-in a uterus which already contains one. 
The impregnation of a female already pregnant. 
The possibility of this has been denied ; but there 
is abundant evidence to show, that it is possible 
at a very early period of pregnancy. Twin cases 
may be of this kind of superconception. 
SUPERGEMINALIS, Epididymis. 
SUPERGENUALIS, Patella. 
SUPERHUMERALE, Epomis. 
SUPERIMPRASGNATIO, Superfoetation. 
SUPERIOR AURIS, Attollens aurem-s. Ro- 
tundus clitoridis, Ischio-eavernous. 
SUPERLABIA, Clitoris. 
SUPERLIGAMEN, Epidesmus. 
SUPERLIGULA, Epiglottis. 
SUPERNUTRITIO LIENIS, Splenoncus-s. 
Splenis, Splenoncus. 
SUPEROXALAS KALICUM, Potass, oxa- 
late of. 
SUPERPURGATIO, Hypercatharsis. 
SUPERSCAPULARIS, Supraspinatus-s. In- 
ferior, Infra-spinatus. 
SUPINATEUR COURT ou PETIT, Supi- 
nator radii brevis - s. Grand ou long, Supinator 
radii longus. 
SUPINA'TION, Supina'tio, from 'ly- 
ing on the back.' The movement in which the 
forearm and hand are carried outwards, so that 
the anterior surface of the latter becomes superior. 
In Pathology, Supination, Supinatio, Hyptias'- 
ma, Hyptias'mus, means the horizontal position 
on the back, with the head thrown back, and the 
legs and arms extended. It is often a sign* of 
great weakness in disease. 
SUPINA'TOR. Same etymon. That which 
produces supination. A name given to two mus- 
cles of the forearm. 
Supinator Brevis sen Minor, Supinator radii 
brevis - s. Longus seu major, Supinator radii 
longus. 
Supinator Radii Brevis, S. brevis seu minor, 
(F.) Epicondylo-radial (Ch.), Supinateur court 
ou petit supinateur. A muscle, seated at the 
outer and back part of the forearm. It is flat- 
tened, triangular, and curved upon itself, in such 
a manner that it embraces the superior extremity 
of the radius. It is attached, on the one hand, 
to the external tuberosity of the humerus, and to 
a small portion of the posterior surface of the 
ulna, and is inserted into the upper third of the 
outer and upper surfaces of the radius. It pro- 
duces, by contracting, the motion of supina- 
tion. 
Supinator Radii Longus, S. longus sive major, 
Era'chio-radia'lis, (F.) Humero-sus-radial (Ch.), 
Long ou grand supinateur, is seated at the ante- 
rior and outer part of the forearm. It arises from 
the inferior part of the outer edge of the os 
humeri, and from the external intermuscular 
aponeurosis; and is inserted, by a long tendon, 
into the outer edge of the radius, near the base 
of the styloid process. It causes the supination 
of the forearm, which it can likewise bend on the 
arm. 
SUPPEDANEA, Hypopodia. 
SUPPLANTALIA, Ilvpopodia. 
SUPPLEMENTA EPIPLOICA, Epiploic ap- 
pendages. 
SUPPLEMENTARY AIR. see Respiration. 
SUPPORTER, ABDOMINAL, Belt, Russian 
-s. Utero-Abdominal, see Belt, Russian. 
829 
SUPRA-PUBIAN 
SUPPOSITION DE PART, Pregnancy, pre- 
tended. 
SUPPOSITORIUM, Suppository - s. Uteri- 
num, Pessary. 
S U P P 0 S'l TORY, S'upposito'rium, Hypoth'- 
eton, Bacillus, Balanis'mus, BdVanus, Glans, 
from supponere, (sub, and ponere, ' to put,') ' to 
put under.' Any solid medicine, in the form of a 
cone or cylinder, intended to be introduced into 
the rectum ;-either for the purpose of favouring 
intestinal evacuations, or to act as an anodyne. 
Purgative suppositories are made of soap, aloes, 
or any other irritating substance. 
SUPPRESSIO ALVI, Constipation - s. Lo- 
chiorum, Ischolochia-s. Lotii, Ischuria-s. Men- 
sium, Amenorrhoea-s. Menstruationis, Amen- 
orrhoea-s. Sudoris, Ischidrosis. 
SUPPRESSION DU FLUX MENS TRU- 
ER, Amenorrhoea-«. de Part, see Parturition-• 
«. d' Urine, Ischuria. 
SUPPURANS, Suppurative. 
SUPPURA'TION, Suppura'tio, Ecpye'ma, Pu- 
rulen'tia, Pyo'sis, Pye'sis, Diapye'ma, Diapye'- 
sis, Pyogen'ia simplex, Pu'rulence, Pu'rulency, 
(F.) About issement. Formation or secretion of 
pus, (see, also Pyogenia,) from sub, 'under,' and 
pus. It is a frequent termination of inflamma- 
tion, and may occur in almost -any of the tissues. 
This termination is announced by slight chills; 
by remission of the pain, which, from being lan- 
cinating, becomes heavy; by a sense of weight 
in the part, and, when the collection of pus 
can be easily felt, by fluctuation. When pus is 
thus formed in the areolar membrane, and is col- 
lected in one or more cavities, it constitutes an 
abscess. If it be formed from a surface exposed 
to the air, it is an ulcer: and such ulcers we are 
in the habit of establishing artificially in certain 
cases of disease. 
SUP'PURATIVE, Suppu'rans, Suppurati'rus, 
Diapye'ticus, Ecpyo'ticus, Ecpyiscon'tus. That 
which facilitates suppuration. Suppuratives are, 
generally, vesicants mixed with lard. 
SUPRA. A common Latin prefix : in compo- 
sition, signifying 'above.' 
SUPRA-COSTA'LES, Levato'res Costa'rum, 
(F.) Sur-costaux, from supra, 'above,' and costa, 
' a rib.' A name given to twelve small, fleshy 
fasciculi, which are flattened, triangular, and with 
radiating fibres. They pass from the transverse 
processes of the dorsal vertebra; to the superior 
margin of the rib beneath. Spigelius, Cowper, 
Boyer, Chaussier, and others consider them to 
form part of the intercostales externi. 
SUPRA-OMPIIALODYMIA, see Somatody- 
mia - s. et Infra-omphalodymia, see Somatody- 
mia. 
SUPRA-OR'BITAR, Supra-orbita' lis, Svpra- 
orbita'rius,(¥.) Sus-orbitaire,i'rova supra, 'above,' 
and orbita, ' the orbit.' That which is situate 
above the orbit. 
Supra-Or'bitar Fora'mf.n, Fora'men Supra- 
orbita'rium, F. orbitarium supe'rius, (F.) Trou 
sus-orbitaire ou orbitaire superieur, is a foramen 
or notch completed by a ligament at the inner 
third of the orbitar arch. It gives passage to the 
supra-orbitar or superciliary artery, a branch of 
the ophthalmic, which ascends the forehead, and 
is distributed thereto. 
SUPRA-PU'BIAN, Supra-pubic, Supra-pu- 
bia'nus, from supra, and pubes. That which is 
seated above the pubis. 
Supra-Pubian Nerve, (F.) Nerf sus-pubien, 
is the internal ramus of the inguino-cutaneous 
branch of the first lumbar nerve. It is the genito- 
crural branch of Bichat. It descends almost ver- 
tically before the psoas muscle; and, near the 
crural arch, divides into two branches. One of SUPRA-RENAL 
these accoinpanies the spermatic cord, and is 
distributed to the cremaster, scrotum, and inte- 
guments on the inner part of the thigh. The 
other issues from the pelvis with the femoral fila- 
ments; traverses the aponeurosis of the thigh, 
and is distributed to the integuments of the upper 
and anterior part of the limb. 
SUPRA-RE'NAL, Supra-rena'lis, (F.) Surri- 
nal, from supra, 'above,' and ren, 'the kidney.' 
Seated above the kidney-as the supra-renal cap- 
sule. 
SUPRA-SCAPULAR; Supra-scapula'ria; from 
supra, ' above,' and scapula. Seated above the 
scapula; - as 
Supra-scapular Nerve. This arises from 
the fifth cervical; passes through the supra-sca- 
pular notch, and is distributed to the supra-spi- 
natus and infra-spinatus muscles. 
SUPRA-SCAPULARIS, Supra-scapular, and 
Supraspinatus muscle. 
SUPRA- SEMIORBICULARIS, Orbicularis 
oris. 
SUPRA-SPINA'TUS, Supra-spino'sus, (F.) 
Sur-epineux, Sus-epineux, from supra, and spina. 
That which is seated above the spine. 
Supra-Spinata Fossa, (F.) Fosse sus-ipineuse, 
is a triangular depression above the spine of the 
scapula. 
Supra-Spinatus Muscle, Super-scapula'ris, 
Supra-seapularis, ( F.) Sus-spino-scapulo-tro- 
chit&rien, Petit aus-scapulo-trochiterien (Ch.), is 
situate in the fossa supra-spinata. It is elon- 
gated, thick, and triangular, and is attached, on 
the one hand, to the two inner thirds of the fossa 
supra-spinata: and terminates, on the other, at 
the anterior part of the great tuberosity of the 
humerus. This muscle raises the arm. 
Supra-Spino'sa Ligamen'ta, Supra-spinal 
lig'aments, are two in number. 1. The Dorao- 
lumbo-supra-spinal ligament, (F.) Ligament sur- 
ipineux dorso-lombaire, extending above the spi- 
nous processes of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae 
from the 7th cervical as far as the median crista 
of the sacrum. 2. Cervical-supra-spinal ligament, 
(F.) Ligament-sur-tpineux cervical, which ex- 
tends above all the cervical spinous processes, 
and is attached, above, to the outer occipital pro- 
tuberance. 
SUR, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
' above.' 
SURA, Gastrocne'me, Gastrocne'mia, Gastroc- 
ne'mium; calf of the leg, (F.) Mollet, Gras de 
Jambe. The projection, formed at the posterior 
part of the leg by the gastrocnemii muscles. 
Also, the fibula. 
SURCILIER, Corrugator supercilii, Superci- 
liary. 
SUROOSTAUX, Supracostales. 
SURCULI FELLEI, Pori biliarii. 
SURCULUS, Ramusculus. 
SURDENT (F.), supra, 'above,' and dens, 'a 
tooth.' When a milk-tooth does not fall out at 
the period of the second dentition, but is merely 
forced to one side by the new tooth, it is called a 
surdent. 
SURDITAS, Cophosis, Deafness. 
SURDITE, Cophosis, Deafness. 
SURDOMUTITAS. Deaf-dumbness. 
SURE A U COMMUN, Sambucus. 
SURELLE, Oxalis acetosella. 
SUREPINEUX, Supra-spinatus. 
SUR-EXCITATION, see Excitement, and Su- 
per-excitation. 
SURFEIT. Colica crapulosa. 
SURGEON, Chirur'geon ; old French, Surgien, 
Chiro'nax, Chirur'gus, Vul'neruni med'icus, Chei- 
ria'ter, Ohiria'ter, Patras, (F.) Chirurgien, from 
XC'P> ' the hand,' and ipyov, ' work.' One who prac- 
830 
SUS-CARPIEN 
tises surgery. The surgeon, says Celsus, ought 
to be young, or, at all events, not advanced in 
life. His hand must be steady, expert, and never 
tremulous: he must use the right or left with 
equal facility: his sight must be clear and pene- 
trating: his mind intrepid; and although un- 
moved when he proceeds to operate, he must not 
be in haste, nor cut less than is necessary, but 
finish his operation, as if the cries of the patient 
made no impression upon him. 
In the middle ages, the Universities of Italy 
and Spain sent out educated surgeons, as well as 
physicians, under the name chirurgi-physici. 
SURGEON-APOTH'ECARY. One who unites 
the practice of surgery with that of the apothe- 
cary. A general practitioner. 
SURGEON-DENTIST, Dentist. 
SUR'GEONCY. The office of a surgeon. 
SUR'GERY, Chirur'gia, Chiriatri'a,Cbeirix'it, 
Chi'risis, Chirix'it, Ghirit'mut, Metacheirix'is, 
Metachi'risis, Metachiris'mus, Tracta'tio manua'- 
ria, Medici'na operati'va, Medici'na ef'ficax, (F.) 
Chirurgie. The part of the healing art which 
relates to external diseases; their treatment; 
and, especially, to the manual operations adapted 
for their cure. Also, the office of a surgeon. 
Surgery, Anaplastic, Morioplastice- s. Au- 
toplastic, Morioplastice - s. Dental, Dentistry. 
Surgery, Mil'itary, (F.) Chirurgie militaire, 
is that which relates to the operations to be per- 
formed on the field of battle, or subsequently; - 
with the attention to be paid to the wounded, Ac. 
Surgery, Op'erative, is termed Aciur'gia, 
Acur'gia, and Acidur'gia, (F.) Medecine opera- 
toire. 
Surgery, Plastic, Morioplastice. 
SUR'GICAL, Chirur'gicus, (F.) Chirurgical, 
Chirurgique. That which relates to surgery; as 
sufgical anatomy, surgical operations, surgical 
instruments, Ac. 
SURGFEN, Surgeon. 
SURINAMINE, see Geoffraea Surinamensis. 
SUR-IRRITATION, see Irritation. 
SUR OXYGENESES. A name given by 
Baumes to diseases attributed by him to super- 
abundance of oxygen. 
SURPEAU, Epidermis. 
SURRECTA ALBA, Ranunculus fiammula. 
SUR-RENAL, Supra-renal. 
SURROGATUM, Succedaneum. 
SURSELS, see Salt. 
SURTOUTS LFGAMENTEUX DE LA CO- 
LONNE VERTEBRALE, Vertebral ligaments. 
SURUMPE (S.) A disease to which the tra- 
veller in the Cordilleras is liable. It consists of 
a violent inflammation of the eyes, caused by the 
reflection of the bright rays of the sun. The eyes 
become highly inflamed, and the lids swell and 
bleed. The pain is intense, and frequently in- 
duces delirium. - Tschudi. 
SUFIV1E, Survivorship. 
SURVIVORSHIP, (F.) Survie, from super- 
vivere, (super, and vivere,) (F.) survivre, 'to live 
longer.' In legal medicine, this word means the 
probability that any individual has survived 
others in an accident, which has been fatal to all. 
This is often an important question, connected 
with the inheritance of property, and on which 
physiology can rarely afford more than presump- 
tive grounds for conclusion. 
SUS, Supra. A French prefix, signifying 
' above.' 
SUS-ACROMFO-HUMERAL, Deltoid. 
SUS-CARPIEN; from sus, (F.) 'above,'and 
carpe, ' the wrist.' Above the wrist. An epithet 
given by Chaussier to the dorsal artery of the 
wrist-Artere sus-carpienne - a branch of the 
radial. SUS-&PINEUX 
SUS-&PIXEUX, Supra-spinatus-s. Ma.rillo- 
labial, Levator anguli oris - s. Maxillo-labial, 
grau'd, Levator labii superioris almque nasi - s. 
Maxillo-labial moyen, Levator labii superioris 
proprius - «. Maxillo-nasal, Compressor naris - 
«. Omphalodymie, see Somatodymia- s. Optico- 
sph&noscliroticien, Rectus superior oculi-s. Or- 
bitalre, Supra-orbitar- s. Phalangien du pouce, 
Abductor pollicis brevis-«. Pubio-femoral, Pec- 
tinalis - s. Scapulo-trochitirien, le plus petit, 
Teres minor - s. Seapulo-troehiterien, petit, Su- 
pra-spinatus - s. Spino-scapulo-trochitirien, Su- 
pra-spinatus. 
SUSCEPTIBLL'ITY, Facili suseipiens, (sub 
or sub, and capio, ' I take,') ' easily taking, or 
undertaking.' Sensibility, in its most enlarged 
acceptation. Impressibility. This term, with the 
epithet nervous, is sometimes used for that in- 
crease in the moral sensibility which is particu- 
larly observed in nervous affections. 
SUSCEPTIOINTESTINORUM, Intussuscep- 
tion. 
SUSPENDICULUM, Cremaster. 
SUSPENSA, Enaeorcma. 
SUSP ENSOIRE, Suspensory. 
SUSPENSORIUM, Suspensory-s. Testis, 
Cremaster. 
SUSPEN'SORY, Suspenso'rius, from suspen- 
dere, (sub or sus, 'under,' and pendere, 'to hang,') 
' to hang under.' (F.) Suspensoire. That which 
sustains or suspends. 
Suspensory Bandage, Suspenso'rium, is a ban- 
dage intended to support the scrotum, in cases 
of disease of the testicle or of scrotal hernia. It 
consists of a kind of bag, fixed above to a cinc- 
ture, and retained below by strings passing be- 
tween the thighs, and fixed to the cincture be- 
hind. 
Suspensory Ligament of the Liver, Liga- 
men'tum suspenso'rium he'patis, Perpendic'ulum 
he'patis, is a triangular duplicature of the perito- 
neum, between the inferior surface of the dia- 
phragm and the upper surface of the liver, which 
is continuous with the great falx of the umbilical 
vein. 
Suspensory Ligament of the Penis is a fibro- 
cellular fascia, of a triangular shape, which ex- 
tends from the anterior part of the symphysis 
pubis to the corpus cavernosum, which it sustains. 
A similar ligament belongs to the clitoris. 
SUSPENSUM, Enseorema-s. Urinae, Enaeo- 
rema. 
SUSPIRATION, Suspirium. 
SUSPIRATUS, Suspirium. 
SUSPIRITUS, Suspirium. 
SUSPIR'IUM, Suspira'tio, Suspira'tus, Sus- 
pir'itus, from sub or sus, 'under,' and spiro, 'I 
breathe;' Mygmus, Mych'mus, Mychthis'mus, Ste- 
nag'mus, Stenax'is, Sigh, Suspira'tion, (F.) Sou- 
pi r. A short breathing. A slow, voluntary 
contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal 
muscles, the effect of which is to restore the due 
relation between the circulation and respiration, 
or to free ourselves from an inconvenient sense 
of weight felt in the chest, when we are much 
depressed,- a weight, which appears to be chiefly 
dependent on the functions of the heart being 
disturbed through the moral influence. The sigh 
differs from the sob: - the latter being involun- 
tary and spasmodic. Sighing, occurring in fevers 
to a great extent, indicates considerable depres- 
sion. When accompanied with a vocal sound, it 
constitutes a groan. 
Suspirium Cardiacum, Angina pectoris. 
SUSTENTACULUM. Aliment. 
SUSTENTATOR CLITORIDIS, Erector clito- 
ridis - s. Penis, Erector penis. 
SUSURRATION, Whispering. 
831 
SUTURE 
SUSURR US, Bourdonnement: - s. Aurium, 
Tinnitus aurium. 
SUTELA, Suture. 
SUTERBERRY, Xanthoxylum fraxineum. 
SUTORIUS, Sartorius. 
SUTTER, Saecharum. 
SUTURA ABDOMINALIS, Gastroraphy- 
s. Arcualis, Coronal suture - s. Biparietalis, Sa- 
gittal suture - s. Clavata, Suture, quilled - s. 
Corporis callosi externa, see Raphe - s. Cranii 
squamosa, Squamous suture - s. Dentata, see 
Suture - s. Frontoparietalis, Coronal suture - s. 
Jugalis, Sagittal suture-s. Lambdoidalis, Lamb- 
doid suture - s. Limbosa, see Suture - s. Lepi- 
doides, Squamous suture - s. Mendosa, Squa- 
mous suture - s. Notha, see Suture - s. Obelasa, 
Sagittal suture - s. Ossium Spuria, Harmony - 
s. Prorte, Lambdoid suture-s. Punctata, Suture, 
common - s. Puppis, Coronal suture - s. Rhab- 
doides, Sagittal suture - s. Serrata, see Suture, 
Sagittal suture - s. Vera, see Suture. 
SUTURAL, Sutura'Us; same etymon as the 
next. Relating to a suture. 
SUTURE, 6'utw'ra, Sute'la, Arnie, Bhaphe, 
from suere, sutum, 'to stitch;' Dove-tail joint, (F.) 
Eugrenure. A kind of immovable articulation, 
in which the bones unite by means of serrated 
edges, which are, as it were, dove-tailed into each 
other. The articulations of the greater part of 
the bones of the scull are of this kind. The 
coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal sutures are 
called true sutures, the two temporal are called 
false sutures, sutures nothes. 
A dentated suture - Sutu'ra denta'ta- is one 
in which the processes are long and dentiform, 
as in the interparietal suture. In a serrated 
suture - sutu'ra seu syntax'is serra'ta - the in- 
dentations and processes are small and fine, like 
the teeth of a saw', as in the suture between the 
two portions of the frontal bone. In the sutu'ra 
liiubo'sa there is along with the dentated mar- 
gins a degree of bevelling of one, so that one 
bone rests on the other, as in the occipito-parie- 
tal suture. 
Suture, in Surgery, Rha'phe, means an opera- 
tion which consists in stitching the lips of a wound 
to procure their union. The suture was, at one 
time, largely employed; but, in modern times, 
its use has been wisely restricted. There are few 
wounds in which the edges may not be brought 
together by adhesive plaster appropriately ap- 
plied. This kind of union, by adhesive plaster 
simply, has been absurdly termed Sutura sicca 
or dry suture, in opposition to the Sutura cruenta 
or suture properly so called. The suture is gene- 
rally performed with waxed thread and straight 
or curved needles, according to the arrangement 
of parts. 
The chief sutures are the interrupted suture, 
the quilled suture, the glover's suture, and the 
twisted suture. 1. The Interrupted Suture, 
(F.) Suture d points separes, Suture entrecoupie, 
is performed by passing a needle, armed with a 
ligature, through the lips of the wound previ- 
ously brought into contact; and then tying the 
extremities of the thread. The other stitches 
are made in the same manner. They are sepa- 
rate or interrupted. It is the suture most com- 
monly used. 2. The Quilled Suture, Sutura 
clava'ta, (F.) Suture enchevillee ou emplumte ou 
empennte, Compound Suture, is merely the inter- 
rupted suture, with this difference, that the liga- 
tures are not tied over the face of the wound, but 
over two quills or rolls of plaster, or bougies, 
which are laid along the sides of the wound. It 
is used by some surgeons, on account of there 
being less danger of the stitches tearing out It 
is not much employed. 3. The Glover's Su- SWAB 
tore, Contin'ued Suture, Uninterrup'ted Suture, 
(F.) Suture de Pelletier, Suture en surget, is exe- 
cuted by introducing the needle first into one lip 
of the wound from within outwards, then into 
the other in the same way; and, in this manner, 
sewing up the whole extent of the wound. It 
has been chiefly used in wounds of the intestinal 
canal. It is now rarely employed except for 
stitching up dead bodies. The common stitch or 
suture, Sutura puneta'ta, (F.) Suture d points 
passes, has been used in similar cases. 4. The 
Royal Stitch or Suture is the name of an old 
operation for the cure of bubonocele. It con- 
sisted in putting a ligature under the hernial sac, 
close to the abdominal ring, and then tying that 
part of the sac, so as to render it impervious by 
the adhesive inflammation thus excited. 5. The 
Twisted Suture, (F.) Suture entortilUe, is em- 
ployed, chiefly, to unite wounds of the cheeks 
and of the free edges of the lips. To perform it, 
a pin or needle is passed through the edges of 
the wound, so as to keep them accurately in 
contact. A piece of thread is then wound accu- 
rately around the pin, from one side of the divi- 
sion to the other, in the form of the figure oo. 
The number of pins and sutures must, of course, 
correspond with the extent of the wound. This 
is the suture used in cases of harelip. 6. The 
SUTUHE 1 ANSE, of Le Dran, has only been 
employed in cases of wounds of the intestines. 
For this purpose, the edges of the wound are 
brought together, and as many needles, with un- 
waxed threads, used as there are to be stitches. 
Each stitch is then made by passing a needle 
through the edges; and all the ligatures which 
belong to one side of the wound are tied toge- 
ther, and twisted so as to form a thread, which is 
fixed externally. 
Suture, Compound, Suture, quilled - s. Con- 
tinued, Suture, glover's - s. Eeailleuse, Squa- 
mous suture - s. Empennte, Suture, quilled-s. 
Emplumee, Suture, quilled - s. Enchevillee, Su- 
ture, quilled-s. Entortillie, Suture, twisted - s. 
Entrecoupee, Suture, interrupted-s. False, Har- 
mony - s. Oceipitale, Lambdoid suture - s. Oc- 
cipito-parietal, Lambdoid suture-s. de Pelletier, 
Suture, glover's - s. d Points passes, Suture, 
common-s. d Points separfa, Suture, interrupted 
- s. Sagittal, see Sagittal suture - s. Squameuse, 
Squamous suture-s. en Surget, Suture, glover's 
-s. Superficial, Harmony-s. Uninterrupted, see 
Suture, glover's. 
SWAB, from Sax. ypebban, 'to clean with a 
mop.' A piece of sponge or rag tied to a rod of 
whalebone or wood, for cleansing the mouth of 
the sick, or applying remedial agents to deep- 
seated parts. 
SWADDLING CLOTHES, Swathing clothes. 
SWAGBELLY, Physconia. 
SWALLOW, Hirundo-s. Wort, Asclepias 
vincetoxicum - s. Wort, orange, Asclepias tube- 
rosa - Wort, tuberous-rooted, Asclepias tuberosa 
-s. Wort, white, Asclepias vincetoxicum. 
SWALLOW'S NEST, Nidus hirundinis. 
SWAMP CABBAGE, Dracontium feetidum - 
s. Dogwood, Petela trifoliata - s. Sickness, Milk 
sickness - s. Wood, Cephalanthus occidentalis, 
Direa palustris. 
SWATHING CLOTHES, Swaddling Clothes, 
Tncunab'ula, Fascia, Panni, from Sax. y beSan, 
' to bind.' (F.) Maillot. The kind of clothing 
or bandaging formerly applied to children dur- 
ing the first year of life. It is now, properly, 
laid aside, and every freedom allowed to muscu- 
lar exertion. 
SWEAT, Sudor-s. Bloody, Sudor cruentus - 
8. Glands, see Perspiration - s. Root, Polemo- 
nium reptans - s. Scab, Crusta genu equinae. 
832 
SYCOSIS 
SWEATING, Hidrosit-s. Bath, Aehicolum- 
s. of Blood, see Diapedesis, and Sudor cruentus - 
s. House, Aehicolum-s. Plant, Eupatorium per- 
foliatum- s. Boom, Aehicolum-s. Sickness, Su 
dor Anglicus. 
Sweating Sickness, Malwah. A disease 
which appears to be allied to the worst form of 
cholera, and to bear a close relation to malignant 
congestive fever. As its name imports, it occurs 
in Malwah in India. 
SWEET BITTER, Triosteum-s. Bush, Comp, 
tonia asplenifolia - s. Fern, Comptonia aspleni- 
folia - s. Flag, Acorus calamus-s. Pod, Cerato- 
nium siliqua - s. Root, Aralia nudicaulis. 
SWELLING, Epanatte' ma, Exar'ma, Exirde'- 
sis, Prcsis, Presma, Oncus, Extumefac'tio, Tumor, 
Tumefac'tio, (F.) Enjiure, Gonfiement, from Sax. 
j'pellan, (D.) swellen (G.) schwellcn, 'to 
swell.' Morbid increase of bulk in the whole, or 
a part, of the body. See Tumour. 
Swelling, White, Hydrarthrus. 
SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, Gentiana chirayita 
- s. Difformis, see Calumba - s. Frasera, see 
Calumba - s. Lutca, Gentiana lutea. 
SWIETE'NIA FEBRIF'UGA, N. So'mida, 
Soym'ida, S. Febrif uga, Feb'rifuge Sioiete'nia, 
(F.) Mahogan febrifuge. Family, Meliaceae. Sex. 
Syst. Decandria Monogynia. The bark of this 
tree, which is a native of the East Indies, and 
called there liohena Bark, has an aromatic odour 
and bitter taste. It is tonic and stomachic, and 
has been used in tntermittents, and in diseases 
where bitter tonics are indicated. Dose, 3j to 
of the powder. 
Swiete'nia Mahog'ani, Cedrus Mahog'uni, 
Mahogany Tree, grows in the West Indies and 
tropical America, and is possessed of similar pro- 
perties. 
8wi etenia Somida, 8. Febrifuga. 
SWIMBLADDER, Airbladder. 
SWIMMING, Natation - s. Bladder, Airbiad- 
der - s. of the Head, Vertigo. 
SWOON, Syncope. 
SWOONING, Syncope. 
SYALADENI'TIS, Injlamma'tio glandula'- 
rum saliva'lium, from aidXov, 'saliva, ainv, 'a 
gland,' and itis, denoting inflammation. Inflam- 
mation of the salivary glands. 
SYCAMINOS, Morus nigra. 
SYCAMINUM, see Morus nigra. 
SYCE, Ficus, Ficus carica. 
SYCEA, Ficus. 
SYCEPH'ALUS, from aw, 'with,' and 
'head.' A monster having two heads united to- 
gether. 
SY'CION, avKiov, from avKov, 'a fig.' A decoc- 
tion of dried figs. 
SY'CIOS ANGULA'TUS. One-seeded star 
cucumber, Wild Bry'ony. The roots and seeds 
of this indigenous plant, Order Cucurbitaceae, 
are bitter, purgative and diuretic. It is used tn 
dropsy in the same cases as bryony. > 
SYCI'TES, from awov, 'a fig.' Wine, in which 
figs have been infused. 
Sycites, Catorchites. 
SYCOMA, Ficus. 
SYCO'SIS. Same etymon. A tumour of the 
shape of a fig. Also, a fungous ulcer. A horny 
excrescence about the eyelids. Dr. Bateman 
defines it:-an eruption of inflamed but not very 
hard tubercles occurring on the bearded portion 
of the face and on the scalp, in adults; and 
usually clustering together in irregular patches ; 
- Phyma Sycosis, llose'ola fico'sa. Of this he 
has given two species: 1. Sycosis Menti, S. barba, 
Men'tagra, Menti'go, Varus Men'tagra, Chinwelk, 
Barber's Itch, (F.) Dartre pustuleuse mentagrc: 8YCUM 
and, 2. Sycoxis Gapil'li, S. Capillit'ii. The 
treatment, in both cases, resembles that for por- 
rigo favosa. 
Sycosis, Ficus. 
SYCUM, Ficus. 
SYDERATIO, Sideratio. 
SYLLEPSIS, Conception. 
SYLLEPSIOLOG"IA, from avWtppif, 'con- 
ception,' and Xoyof, ' a description.' The doc- 
trine of conception. 
8YM, SYN, crve, 'with, together,' like the cum, 
con, cot, cor, &c., of the Latins. A common 
prefix. Before b, p, ph, px, and m,- gym, or 
rryn, is changed into gym or xym, (com;) before 
c, ch, g, k, and r, into xyn or xyn, avy, fvy, (eon;) 
before I into xyl or aryl, (col;) before r into syr or 
xyr (cor ;) and before « into sy or xy, and (co 
and cos. 
SYMBLEPHARON, Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBLEPHARO'SIS, Concre'fto palpebra'- 
rum cum bulbo oc'uli, from aw, 'with,' and 
(Shupapov, ' an eyelid.' A preternatural adhesion 
between the eyelids ; and especially between the 
upper eyelid and globe of the eye. 
Symblepharosis, Ankyloblepharon. 
SYMBOL, Sym'bolum, Charac' ter, (F.) Ciirac- 
tere, from (aw, ' with,' and (SMui, ' I 
throw'), ' I compare.' A sign or representation 
of something else. 
The following are the symbols used in pre- 
scriptions : 
R, Recipe. See R. 
gr., Granum, a grain. 
J), Scrupulux seu xcrupulum, a scruple. 
q, Drachma, a drachm. 
5, Uncia, an ounce, 
lb, Libra, a pound. 
ML, Minimum, a minim. 
fZ. Fluidrachma, a fluidrachm. 
Fluiduncia, a fluidounce. 
0, Octariux, a pint. 
C, Congius, a gallon. 
SYMBOLE, Commissure, 
SYMBOLEUSIS, Consultation. 
SYMBOLISMUS, Sympathy. 
SYMBOLIZATIO, Sympathy. 
SYMBOLOGICA, Symptomatology. 
SYMBOLUM, Sympathy. 
SYM'MELES, from aw, 'with, and pcXos, 'an 
extremity.' Mon'opus. A genus of monsters whose 
extremities are joined together: Sirene. - I. G. 
St. Hilaire. 
SYMMETRIA, Symmetry. 
S Y M M E T' RIC A L, Symmet'ricug, avpperpos, 
from aw, 'with,' and perpeiv, 'to measure.' An 
ep:thot given to those parts of the body, which, 
if seated on the median line, may be divided into 
two equal, and perfectly like halves; or which- 
if situate, the one to the right, the other to the 
left of this line - have a similar conformation, 
and a perfectly analogous arrangement. 
Symmetrical Diseases, see Symmetry. 
SYM'METRY, Symmet'ria, Commen'»um, Mem- 
bro'rum Om'nium Competen'tia, Propor'tio. The 
regularity in form, observed in many parts, situ- 
ate on the median line; and, also, the resemblance 
which exists between many organs that are situ- 
ate on each side of the median line. Bichat first 
noticed that this symmetry was confined to the 
organs of animal life; as the head, brain, spine, 
organs of sense, locomotion, <tc. 
It has been affirmed - and there is evidence in 
favour of the assertion - to be a law of the ani- 
mal economy, that, when uninfluenced by dis- 
turbing agents, all general or constitutional dis- 
eases affect equally and similarly the correspond- 
833 
SYMPHYSEOTOMY 
ing parts of the two sides of the body. This hag 
been called the Symmetry of Diseases; and the 
resulting diseases are said to he symmetrical. 
SYMMETRY OF DISEASES, see Symmetry. 
SYMPARATERESIS, Observation. 
SYMPASMA, Catapasma. 
SYMPATHESIS, Sympathy. 
SYMPATHETIC, Sy'mpath'icvs, Sympatheti- 
cus, (F.) Sympathiqve, from aw, 'with,' and ra3os, 
' suffering.' That which depends on sympathy. 
Sympathetic affections of an organ are those 
morbid phenomena that supervene without any 
morbific cause acting directly on it, and by the 
reaction of another organ primarily affected. 
Thus, itching of the nose is a sympathetic affec- 
tion, produced by irritation in the intestinal 
canal. 
The epithet sympathetic is, also, given to dif- 
ferent nerves. See Trisplanchnic, Pneumogas- 
tric, and Facial. 
Sympathetic, Great, Trisplanchnic nerve-s. 
Middle, Pneumogastric. 
Sympathetic Powder, Pvlvis sympathet'icus 
of Sir Kenelm Digby, was composed of calci ned 
sulphate of iron, prepared in a particular manner. 
It was long supposed to be able to cure a wound, 
if applied to the weapon that inflicted it; or even 
to a portion of the bloody clothes. It is proper 
to remark, however, that the wound itself was 
carefully excluded from the air, and from all Irri- 
tation. 
SYMPATHETIC!!? MINOR. Facial nerve. 
SYMPATHETISMUS, Sympathy. 
SYMPATHIA, Consent of parts. 
SYMPATHICUS, Sympathetic. 
SYMPATHIQVE, Sympathetic. 
SYM'PATHY, Sympathi'a, Sympathe'sis, Com- 
pas'sio, Consensus, Sympathetis'nine, Xympathi' a, 
Conflux'io, Conspira'tio, Commer'cium, Consor'- 
tium, Homoiopathi'a, Homoeth'nia, AdelphiPis, 
Symbolis'mus, Symboliza'tio, Sym'bolum. The con- 
nexion that exists between the action of two or 
more organs, more or less distant from each 
other; so that the affection of the first is trans- 
mitted, secondarily, to the others, or to one of 
the others, by means unknown. A knowledge 
of the particular sympathies between different 
organs throw's light on the etiology of diseases, 
their seat, and the particular organ towards which 
our therapeutical means should be directed. See 
Irritation. 
SYMPEPSIS, Coction. 
SYMPEXIS, Concretion. 
SYMPHORA, Congestion. . 1 
SYMPHOREMA, Congestion. 
SYMPHORESIS, Congestion. 
SYMPHORICAR'PUS RACEMO'SUS, Snow- 
berry. An indigenous plant, Order Caprifoliaceae, 
Tribe Lonicerae, whose berries are large, bright 
white, and remain till winter; flowering from 
June to September. The root is tonic and as- 
tringent, and has been used in ague; and by the 
Indians in syphilis. 
SYMPIIYIA, Symphysis. 
SYMPHA OCEPH'ALUS, Metop'ages, Cepha- 
lop'ages, from avyipvns, 'united together,' and 
'head.' A monstrosity in which twins 
are united by the head. 
SYMPHY SEOT'OMY, Symphysot'omy, Syn- 
chondrot'omy, Symphyseotom'ia, Symphysiotom'ia, 
from <7v/i0r<rif, and 'I cut.' The operation 
or section of the Symphysis, Sigaidtian operation, 
Sigaidtian section. This operation is performed 
with the view of augmenting the diameter of the 
pelvis, in order to facilitate delivery in certain 
cases of faulty conformation of that cavity, with 
wedging of the head of the child therein. Tn 
perform the operation, (F.) Desymphyser, the fe- SYMPHYSIA 
male is placed on herback; the pubes is shaved; 
and, with a strong scalpel, the soft parts are di- 
vided on the median line. The articulation is 
then cut. As soon as the fibrous parts, which 
hold the bones together, are divided, they sepa- 
rate to a certain distance from each other; and 
the delivery may be accomplished. The knife, 
with which the operation is performed, is called, 
by the French, Couteau symphytieu. 
SYMPHYS'IA, from av/j0u<nf, 'a growing to- 
gether.' A malformation consisting in the union 
of parts that are usually divided. - Breschet. 
SYMPHYSIOTOMIA, Symphyseotomy. 
SYM'PHYSIS, Symphy'ia, Coalescediia, Co- 
aVitus, from <rv/i0t><i> (o-uv, 'with,' and 'I 
grow'), 'I unite together.' A union of bones. 
The bond of such union. The aggregate of 
means used for retaining bones in situ in the 
articulations. The name symphysis has, how- 
ever, been more particularly appropriated to cer- 
tain articulations; as to the symphysis pubis, 
sacro-iliac symphysis, &c. See Monster. 
Symphysis, Coalescence, Commissure, Inser- 
tion- s. Cartilaginea, Synchondrosis - s. Liga- 
mentosa, Syndesmosis - s. Ossium muscularis, 
Syssarcosis-s. Pubis, Pubie articulation. 
SYMPHYSOTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
SYMPHYTOS, Hereditary. 
SYM'PHYTUM. Same etymon. Symphytum 
officina'le seu album seu Bohe'micum, Oonsol'ida. 
major, Comfrey, Alum, Alus, (F.) Grande Con- 
sonde. Family, Boraginete. Sex. Syst. Peutan- 
dria Monogynia. The roots of this European 
plant are very mucilaginous, and are employed 
as emollients. They are used in decoction in 
haemoptysis, dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, &c. 
Symphytum, Solidago virgaurea - s. Album, 
Symphytum - s. Bohemicum, Symphytum - s. 
Minimum, Bellis - s. Minus, Prunella - s. Offi- 
cinale, Symphytum. 
Symphytum Petrje'um, Coris Monspelien'sis, 
Montpel'lier Coris. An intensely bitter and nau- 
seous plant, which is said to have been useful in 
syphilis. See, also, Sanicula. 
SYMPLOCARP'US ANGUSTISPATHA, 
Dracontium angustispatha - s. Foetida, Dracon- 
tium foetidum. 
SYMPOD'IA, Monopod'ia, from avv, 'together,' 
and kovs, ttoSos, ' a foot.' A monstrosity in 
which there is coalescence of the lower extre- 
mities. 
SYMPTOM, Sympto'ma, Ac'cidens, Casus, from 
aw, ' with,' and itrwya, ' a fall,' from Triirrw, ' I 
fall.' Any change, perceptible to the senses, in 
any organ or function, which is connected with 
morbific influence. It is by the aggregate and 
succession of symptoms that a disease is detected. 
The term symptoms of symptoms has been used 
for the effects which result from the symptoms 
of a disease ; but which effects are not essentially 
connected with the disease itself. Thus, the de- 
bility arising from the frequency of evacuations 
in dysentery is a symptom of symptoms. See 
Sign. 
SYMPTOM A TURPITUDINIS, Nympho- 
mania. 
SYMPTOMAT'IC, Symptom at' ions. Thatwhich 
is a symptom of some other affection. Thus we 
speak of a symptomatic disease, in opposition to 
one that is idiopathic. 
S Y M P T 0 M AT 0 L'OGY, Symptomatolog"ia, 
Symbolog"ica, from cr/in-no/ia, 'a symptom,' and 
Aoyof, 'a treatise.' The branch of pathology, the 
object of which is the knowledge of symptoms. 
SYMPTO'SIS, from aw. 'with,' and irin-™, 'I 
fall.' Depression or collapse, emaciation or atro- 
] hy, either of the whole body or of a part. 
834 
SYNCOPE 
Corrugation. 
SYN/ETION, Concausa. 
SYNANCIIE, Cynanche, Cynanche tonsillaris. 
SYNANGIE, Cynanche. 
SYNAPHYMENITIS, see Ophthalmia. 
SYNAPTASE, see Amygdalin. 
SYNARTHRODIA, Synarthrosis. 
SYNARTHRO'DIAL, Synarthrodia'Us, from 
auv, 'with,' and 'articulation.' That 
which belongs to synarthrosis; as Synarthrodial 
articulation. 
SYNARTHRO'SIS, Synarthro'dia, Abarticu- 
la'tio, Coarticula'tio. An immovable articulation. 
Synarthrosis includes three species: Suture, Har- 
mony, and Gomphosis. 
SYNATHROESIS, Congestion. 
SYNATHROISMUS, Congestion. 
SYNCAN'THUS, from aw, 'with,' and KavOos, 
' the corner of the eye.' A morbid adhesion be- 
tween the globe of the eye and the orbit. 
SYNCHONDRO'SIS, Sym'physis seu Cop'ula 
seu Conncx'io cartilagin'ea, Chondrosyndesm' us, 
from aw, ' with,' and %ovlpos, ' a cartilage.' 
Union or articulation of bones by means of car- 
tilage : - as the articulations of the ribs with the 
sternum, by means of their cartilages of prolon- 
gation. 
SYNCHONDROTOMY, Symphyseotomy. 
SYNCHRONIES, Synchronous. 
SYNCHRONOUS, Syn'chronus, Synchron'ius, 
Isoch'ronous, from cruv, 'with,' and 'time.' 
That which occurs at the same time. Thus the 
pulsations of an artery may be synchronous with 
those of the heart. 
SYNCHRONUS, Synchronous. 
SYNCHYSIS, Confusion. 
' SYNCIPUT, Sinciput. 
SYNCLONESIS, Synclonus. 
SYN'CLONUS, Synclone'sis, from avyxXovcta, 
(aw, 'with,' and kXovim, 'I shake,') 'I shake to- 
gether.' Clon'ici universa'les, Clonus, (Young.) 
Tremulous, simultaneous, and chronic agitation 
of various muscles, especially when excited by 
the will. Also, general spasm, spas'mus univer- 
sa'lis. See Tremor, Chorea, Ac. 
Synclonus Ballismus, Paralysis agitans - s. 
Beriberia, Beriberi - s. Chorea, Chorea - s. Ra- 
phania, Raphania - s. Saltans, Chorea - s. Tre- 
mor, Tremor. 
SYNCOMIS'TUS, from (aw, and 
xopilp>,) 'I bring together.' Autop'yros, Pania 
domes'ticus, secundarius, ciba'rius, eonfusa'nevs. 
Bread of the whole wheat or of the unsifted meal. 
Household bread. Also, a cataplasm made of the 
same. 
SYN'COPAL, Syncopa'lis, Syneop'ticus, Syn- 
cop'tus. Same etymon as Syncope; as Syn'copal 
Fever, Febris Syncopa'lis. A pernicious inter- 
mittent, characterized by repeated attacks of 
syncope. 
SYN'COPE, from avyKoirrv, ' I fall down.' 
An'imi defec'tio, Animi deli'quium, Leipopsych'ia, 
Lipopsych'ia, Apsych'ia, Apsyx'ia, Lipsis An'imi, 
Asphyx'ia, Apopsych'in, Lipothym'ia, Leipothym'- 
ia, Eclips'is, Su'bitus animi casus, Swoon, Swoon- 
ing, Fainting, Fainting jit, Faintness, Exolu'tion, 
( F. ) Evanouissement, Defaillance, Pamoison. 
Complete and, commonly, sudden loss of sensa- 
tion and motion, with considerable diminution, 
or entire suspension of the pulsations of the 
heart and the respiratory movements. Syncope 
is, commonly, an affection of no consequence; 
but, sometimes, it is an index of diseased heart. 
Placing the patient in the horizontal posture; 
sprinkling cold water over the face, and the ap- 
plication of volatile substances to the nose, are SYNCOPTICUS 
all that will be required during the fit. See As- 
phyxia, and Suffocation, 
An approach to this condition is termed faint- 
iehness. 
Syncope Angina, Angina pectoris - s. Angi- 
nosa, Angina pectoris. 
SYNCOPTICUS, Syncopal. 
* SYNCOPTUS, Syncopal. 
SYNCRITICA, Astringents. 
SYNDACTYLUS, Aschistodactylus. 
SYNDESMI'TIS, see Ophthalmia. Also, in- 
flammation of articular ligaments; Inflamma'tio 
ligamento' ru in. 
SYNDESMOG' RAPIIY, Syndesmograph' ia, 
from awheapo;, 'a ligament,' and ypaipr), 'a de- 
scription.' A description of the ligaments. The 
part of anatomy which describes the ligaments. 
SYNDESMOL' OGY, Syndesmolog"ia, from 
'a ligament,' and Xoyos, 'a treatise, 
discourse.' A treatise on the ligaments. 
SYNDES'MO-PIIARYNGEUS. A fasciculus 
of the constrictor pharyngis superior. 
SYNDESMOS, Ligament. 
SYNDESMO'SIS, Synneuro' sis, Syny men'esis, 
Connex' io seu Sym'physis ligamento'sa, Commis'- 
su'ra ner'vea, Connerva'tio, Colliga'tio, from aw- 
Seafios, 'ligament.' The articulation of two or 
more bones by means of ligament; - as of the 
radius with the ulna. 
SYNDESMOT'OMY, Syndesmatom'ia, from 
awhiayos, ' ligament,' and rtpvw, ' I cut or dis- 
sect.' Dissection of the ligaments. 
SYNDESMUS, Bandage, Ligament. 
SYN'DROME, from aw, 'with,' and ipoyot, 'a 
course.' Concur'sus, Concourse. A name given 
by the Empirical Sect to the union of symptoms 
which takes place in diseases. Syndrome pletho'- 
rica, for example, meant the union of symptoms 
produced by plethora. 
SYNDYASMUS, Coition. 
SYNECIIES, see Continued fever. 
SYNECHI'A, from aw, 'with,' and i%civ, 'to 
have,' or ' to hold.' Adhesion between the iris 
and transparent cornea, or between the iris and 
crystalline lens. The former case is called Syne- 
chia ante'ri or: the latter, N. posterior. 
SYNENERGIA, Synergy. 
SYNERGIA, Synergy. 
SYNERGIE, Synergy. 
SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Synenergi'a, (F.) Sy- 
nergic; from <rvv, 'with,' and epyov, 'work.' A 
correlation or concourse of action between differ- 
ent organs in health; and, according to some, in 
disease. 
SYNESIS, Intellect. 
SYNEUROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
SYNEZI'ZIS, Synize'sis, Considen'tia, from 
cur, 'with,' and ' to join.' Parop'gig 
Synizesis, Cali'go d Synizesi, Caligo Pupil'la, 
Imperfora'tio pupilia, Closure or occlu'sion or 
obliteration of the Pupil, Phthisis Pupil'la, 
Amyo'sis. This disease is sometimes faulty con- 
formation, depending upon the continued exist- 
ence of the membrana pupillaris, or the absence 
of the pupil. It is, in other words, congenital. 
At other times, it is owing to accident, and su- 
pervenes on violent ophthalmia, or on the opera- 
tion for cataract. They who are affected with 
synezizis are completely blind; - the iris having 
no central aperture. In certain cases, a remedy 
may be obtained by making an opening in the 
iris, which may supply the place of the pupil, 
and through which the rays of light may reach 
the retina. This operation is called the operation 
for artificial pupil. 
SYNGENES, Hereditary. 
835 
SYNOVIAL 
SYNGENICUS, Congenital. 
SYN HYMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
SYNIMENESIS, Synymenesis. 
SYNIZESIS. Considentia, Synezisis. 
SYNNE UROSIS, Syndesmosis. 
SYN'OCHA, from (<n>v, and * I 
have or hold,') 'I continue.' Inflam'matory Fe- 
ver, Dynam'ic Fever, Angiop'yra, Sthenop'yra, 
Febris causo'des, F. cautnato'des, Febris deu'rens, 
F. ardens, Febris contin'ua sanguin'ea, Febris 
contin'ua non putris, Syn'ochus (Vogel), Febris 
acmas'tica, Synoehus impn'trie (Galen,) Febris 
acu'ta, F. acu'ta sanguin'ea, F. con'tinens, F. 
continens non pn'trida, F. angioten'ica, F. stheni- 
ca, F. sanguin'ea, Homot'onos, F. inflammato'ria, 
Ene'cia cauma, Enecia, F. ton'ica, Phlogop'yrus, 
Cauma, Calentura continua. (F.) Fievre ardente, 
F. continents inflammatoire, F. sanguine, F. ir- 
ritative, F. angeiotinique, F. inflammatoire, Gas- 
tro-enterite intense, General inflammation. A 
species of continued fever, characterized by in- 
creased heat; and by quick, strong, and hard 
pulse; urine high-coloured; disturbance of mind 
slight. It requires, of course, the most active 
treatment. 
Synocha Rheumatica, Rheumatism, acute-s. 
Vaccina, Vaccina. 
SYN'OCHAL, Synocha'lie; same etymon. Re- 
lating to, or having the characters of, synocha. 
SYN'OCHUS, Ene'cia syn'ochus, Febris lenta, 
(Linnaeus,) same etymon. Continued fever, com- 
pounded of synocha and typhus : - in its com- 
mencement often resembling the former; in its 
progress, the latter: Mixed fever, Common con- 
tinued fever, Syn'ochoid fever. See Continued 
fever, Fever, and Typhus. 
Synochus, Synocha-s. Biliosa, Fever, 
Fever, bilious-s. Catarrhalis, Influenza-s. Icte- 
rodes, Fever, yellow-s. Imputris, Synocha-s. 
Miliaria, Miliary fever-s. Varicella, Varicella. 
SYNOLCE, Spasm. 
SYNONIA, Synovia. 
SYNOSTEOG'RAPIIY, Synosteogra'phia, from 
<rw, • with,' oartov, a ' bone,' and ypaipw, ' I de- 
scribe.' The part of anatomy which describes 
the joints. 
SYNOSTEOL'OGY, Synosteolog'Ga, from aw, 
'with,' oartov, 'a bone,' and Aoyos, 'a treatise.' A 
treatise on the joints. 
SYNOSTEO'SIS, Synosto'sis, from aw, 'with,' 
and no-rev, ' a bone. Union by means of bone. 
SYNOSTEOT'OMY, Synosteotom'ia, from aw, 
' with,' oartov, ' a bone,' and ripvtiv, ' to cut.' 
Dissection of the joints. 
SYNOSTOSIS, Synosteosis. 
SYNO'VIA, from aw, 'with,' and wov, 'an 
egg.' Mucila'go, Un'guen articula're, Syno'nia, 
Axun'gia articula'ris, Unguen'tuni seu Stnegma 
articula're, Mucila'go articulo'rum seu iunctura'- 
rum, Humor articula'ris, Hydrarthrus, Humor seu 
Hu'midutn nati'vum seu Gluten articulo'rum (F.) 
Synovie. A fluid resembling the white of egg, 
which is exhaled by the synovial membranes 
surrounding the moveable articulations. The 
synovia has been found, on analysis, to consist 
of water, a little albumen, soda, chloride of so- 
dium, phosphate of lime, and-Fourcroy fancied 
-uric acid. Its use is to lubricate the joints, and 
the sheaths in which tendons play. 
SYNO'VIAL, Synovia'lis. That which relates 
to the synovia. 
Synovial Glands, Havers's Glands, Gland'ula 
articvla'res, G. Synovia'les, G. Haversia'ntp, are 
the secretory fringes, which float in the interior 
of the synovial capsules (see Capsules.) They 
do not seem to be glandular. They have beet SYNOVITIS 
called Syno'vial fim'hria, (F.) Franges synovi- 
ales. 
SYNOVI'TIS; from Synovia, and tti«, a ter- 
mination denoting inflammation. A term, badly 
compounded, applied at times to inflammation 
of the synovial membrane. 
Synovitis Rheumatismalis, Rheumatism, 
(acute.) 
SYN'TASIS, awraais, from awrcivw, {aw, and 
ravui, 'I stretch,') 'I strain.' Tension of parts: 
hence awraruta, are medicines which render parts 
tense. Syntex'is, on the other hand, means Colli- 
qua'tio, or wasting of the body; from awrrjicw, 
' I melt together.' 
SYNTAXIS, Articulation, Reduction, Taxis- 
s. Serrata, see Suture. 
SYNTECOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
SYNTECTYCOPYRA, Hectic fever. 
SYNTENO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and rtvuiv, 
'a tendon.' A species of articulation in which 
two bones are joined by means of tendon ; as the 
sesamoid bones with the toes, the rotula with the 
tibia, <tc. 
SYNTERESIS, Prophylaxis. 
SYNTERETICUS, Prophylactic. 
SYNTEXIS, Colliquation, Consumption. 
SYNTHENA. A term employed by Paracel- 
sus to designate a species of epilepsy, accompanied 
by cardialgia and tormina. 
SYN'Til ESIS, Reu'nio, 'composition or 
putting together,' from aw, and n3tiyi, * I place.' 
A surgical operation, which consists in uniting 
parts that are divided; and approximating such 
as are separated or distant from each other, Re- 
u'nio par'tium separata'rum, Syn'thesis of con- 
tinu'ity, means the union of the edges of a wound, 
or the approximation of the extremities of a frac- 
tured bone. Synthesis of contiguity is the reduc- 
tion of displaced organs; as in cases of hernia 
and luxations. 
Synthesis, Composition. 
SYNTHETIS'MUS, same etymon. The ag- 
gregate of operations and means for reducing a 
fracture, and maintaining it reduced: - compris- 
ing extension, counter-extension, coaptation, and 
bandaging. 
SYNTRIMMA, Contritio. 
SYNTRIPSIS, Contritio. 
SYNTROPHOS, Connutritus. 
SYNULOSIS, Cicatrization. 
SYNULOTICA, Cicatrisantia. 
SYNUSIA, Coition. 
SYN YME'NESISjNynAyme'nesjSjNymme'nesis, 
from aw, ' with,' and 'vynv, ' a membrane.' Union 
of bones by membrane, as in the case of the 
bones of the head in the foetus. 
Synymenesis, Syndesmosis. 
SYPHAR, Peritoneum. 
SYPHILIDES, Syphili'da, (F.) Dermo-syphi- 
lides, Dermatosies veroleuses. Same etymon as 
Syphilis. The cutaneous eruptions that accom- 
pany constitutional syphilis are so denominated 
by the French writers. 
SYPHILIDIA'TER, Syphilidia'true, from Sy- 
philis, and tarpot, ' a physician.' A pox doctor. 
One who occupies himself in treating syphilis. 
SYPHILIDOMANIA, Syphilomania. 
SYPHYLIPHO'BIA; from Syphilis and 
'dread,' A morbid dread of syphilis, giving rise 
to fancied symptoms of the disease: a form of hy- 
pochondriasis. 
SYPH'ILlS, Morbus Gal'licus, Siphilis, Sy- 
philis'mus, Cachejc'ia venerea, Cachochym'ia Ve- 
ne'rea, Malum vene'reum, Mor'bus Ital'icus, M. 
Jlispan'icus, Puden'dagra, Lues, Me'vium, Lues 
Lues syphilis, Morbus aphrodis'ius, Sy- 
836 
SYRINGE 
philis venerea, S. maligna, HLorbus Neapolita'nns, 
Morbus In'dicus, Patursa, Basilis'eus, Boa, Sod'- 
oma Gallo'rum; Venereal, Venereal Disease, Pox, 
French Pox; (F.) Verole, Maladie vinerienne, 
Mai de Naples, Mai Frangais, Maladie de Venus. 
The etymology of syphilis is unknown. Some 
consider it to proceed from avs, 'a hog;' and 
others, from ai<po;,-formed, by contraction, from 
aiiraXos, 'shameful,' 'dirty,' &c. It is an infec- 
tious disease, communicable by coition, or by the 
contact of parts that are only lined with a thin 
epidermis; as the lips, nipple, &c. It generally 
makes its first appearance by a chancre, followed 
sooner or later by a bubo. The chancre is n pri- 
mary symptom or sore; but there are others 
which are secondary or constitutional. These 
are: - ulcers in the throat; copper-coloured 
blotches on the skin; pains in the bones, nodes, 
&c.: the last are sometimes termed tertiary phe- 
nomena. The origin of syphilis is not known. 
It is believed to have been introduced into 
Europe from America, at the end of the 15th 
century [?]. Its progress is extremely variable, 
as well as its duration, which is often unlimited, 
if left to itself. Mercury may be esteemed the 
best'remedy, but the disease admits of cure with- 
out it. Almost every antisyphilitic composition, 
whose use is attended with success, probably con- 
tains mercury united with diaphoretics or other 
medicines. It is generally sufficient to keep the 
mouth sore for a fortnight for the cure of chancre: 
for venereal sore throat, and other recent consti- 
tutional symptoms, eight or ten weeks will be 
required; and, of course, a longer time, if these 
symptoms have persisted longer. Sometimes, 
after mercury has been given for a time, the 
symptoms continue stationary; and do not yield 
until the mercury has been discontinued, and 
tonics and eutrophics have been administered. 
The preparations of iodine have been much used, 
of late, in the revellent treatment of this disease. 
Syphilis Indica, Framboesia. 
Syphilis Pseudo-Syphilis, Lues Syphilo'des, 
Pseudo-syphilis. A term given to ulcers or other 
affections that resemble syphilis, but are inde- 
terminate in their character, - the symptoms 
being irregular in their appearance, and usually 
yielding spontaneously, or under the use of tonics, 
change of air, <fcc. The condition has not been 
at all well defined. The Sivvens, lladesyge, &c., 
have been referred to this head. 
SYPIIILISMUS, Syphilis. 
S Y'P HI LOG' R A PIIE R, from syph ills, and 
ypa<j>u>, 'I describe.' A writer on syphilis. 
SYPH'ILOID, Syphilo'i'des; from syphilis, 
and ctiof, 'resemblance.' Resembling syphilis,- 
as 'a syphiloid affection.' 
SYPIIILOMA'NIA, Syphilidoma 'nia, - vul- 
garly, Noddle Pox. A mania, with which some 
persons are affected, so that they subject them- 
selves to antivenereal treatment, under the notion 
that they are affected with syphilis. 
SYPHITA, Somnambulism. 
SYPHOAURICULARIS, Otenchytes. 
SYPHON, see Siphon. 
SYRIGMOPIIO'NIA, from avpiypo;, 'whist- 
ling,' and <pu>vn, 'voice.' A piping state of the 
voice.' 
SYRIGMUS, Tinnitus aurium. 
SYRINGA, Eustachian Tube, Fistula, Syringe, 
Trachea. 
Sykinga Clysmatica, Syringe, (Clyster.) 
Syrin'ga Vulga'ris, Lilac vulga'ris, Common 
L,ilac. The leaves and fruit are bitter and some- 
what acrid, and have been used as a tonic and 
antiperiodic. 
SYRINGE, Syr'inx, Syrin'ga, Sipho Siphun'- 
culus, Squirt, (F.) Seringue, from avpiyf, 'a pipe.' SYRINGICUS 
A familiar apparatus through which any liquor 
is squirted. 
Various forms of syringe are used in medicine 
and surgery. 
Syringe, Clyster, Syrin'ga clysmat'ica, Cly- 
santli'um, (F.) Clysopompe. A syringe for ad- 
ministering clysters. 
Syringe, Cupping, Antlia sanguisuga. 
SYRINGICUS, Fistulous. 
SYRINGI'TIS EUSTA'CIIII, Inflammation 
of the Eustachian tube. 
SYR1NGM0S, Tinnitus aurium. 
SYRINGODES, Fistulous. 
SYRINGOTOME, Syr ingot'omus, Syr in got'- 
omum, from aupiyf, 'a pipe,' 'a fistula,' and repvav, 
' to cut.' A surgical instrument, formerly used 
in the operation for jistula in ano. It is a bis- 
touri, concave at its edge, and terminated by a 
long, flexible, probe-pointed stylet. This stylet 
or probe was first introduced by the external 
opening of the fistula into the rectum, whence it 
was drawn externally through the anus, carrying 
with it the cutting edge of the instrument, which 
divided the intermediate parts. The operation 
for fistula in ano has been called Syringotomy. 
SYRINGOT'OMY, Syringotom'ia. Same ety- 
mon as the last. The operation for fistula in ano 
by incision. 
SYRINX, Eustachian tube, Fistula, Syringe, 
Trachea.-s. Iliera, Vertebral column. 
SYRMAIS'MOS, from avppaigu, 'I evacuate.' 
A gentle evacuation by vomiting or stool. 
N YR OP, Syrup - s. d'Ail, Syrupus allii - s. 
d'Armoise compose, Syrupus aromatieus -». de 
Chicoree compose, Syrupus de cichorio compositus 
-s. dee Cinq racines, Syrupus e quinque radici- 
bus-«. de Cuisinier, Syrupus de sarsaparilla et 
senna compositus - s. d'Ether, Syrupus cum 
aethere sulphurico paratus-s. de Gingembre, Sy- 
rupus zingiberis-s. de Guimauve, Syrupus althaeas 
-». de Longue vie, Mellitum de mercuriali com- 
positum - s. de Mercure, Syrupus de mercurio 
mediante gummi-s. de Mures, Syrupus mori-s. 
de Eerprun, Syrupus rhamni-s. de Pavots 
blancs, Syrupus papaveris - s. de Pommee com- 
post, see Syrupus sennas - s. de Quinquina avec 
le Fiji, Syrupus de kina, kina cum vino - «. de 
Roses pales, Syrupus rosae - s. de Roses rouges, 
Syrupus rosae-«. de Vinaigre, S. aceti. 
SYRUP, Sirup, Syr'upus, Serapi'um, Serape'- 
um, (F.) Syrop ; derived, according to some, from 
'I draw,' and on-of, 'juice;' but more pro- 
bably, from the Arabic Siruph, Sirab, or Scharab, 
which signifies ' a potion.' A saturated solution 
of sugar in water, either simply, or united with 
some vegetable or other principle. Syrups, in 
general, require two pounds of sugar to the pint, 
and they are judged to be sufficiently boiled when 
a portion, taken up in a spoon, flows like oil. 
In the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, 
it is directed, that syrups, whose density is not 
precisely determined by the process, should have 
the s. g. 1.261, when boiling, and of about 1.319 
at ordinary temperatures. Syrups should be kept 
in small bottles in a cool place. They are chiefly 
used to render medicines palatable. See Syrupus 
simplex. 
Syrup, see Syrupus-s. of Almonds, Syrupus 
amygdala;-s. Antiscorbutic, Syrupus antiscorbu- 
ticus - s. of Buckthorn, Syrupus rhamni - s. of 
Capillaire, common, Syrupus simplex-s. of Cin- 
chona with wine, Syrupus de kind kinfl cum vino 
- s. of Citric acid, Syrupus acidi citrici - s. of 
Clove July flower, Syrupus caryophylli rubri - 
s. of Clove pinks, Syrupus Caryophylli rubri - 
s. of Ether, Syrupus cum mthere sulphurico pa- 
ratus-s. of Five roots, Syrupus e quinque radi- 
cibua-s. of Garlic, Syrupus allii - s. of Ginger, 
837 
SYRUPUS 
Syrupus zingiberis- s. of Gum Arabic, Syrupus 
acacia) - s. Hive, Syrupus scillae compositus - s. 
of Honey, Mellitum simplex-s. of Iodide of iron, 
Liquor Ferri iodidi-s. of Ipecacuanha, Syrupus 
ipecacuanhas-s. of Lemon, Syrupus limonis - 
s. of Marshmallows, Syrupus althaea;-s. of Mea- 
dow saffron, Syrupus colchici autumnalis- s. of 
Mugwort, compound, Syrupus aromaticus-s. of 
Mulberries, Syrupus mori-s. of Orange juice, see 
Syrupus aurantii - s. of Orange peel, Syrupus 
aromaticus-s. of Orgeat, Syrupus amygdalae - 
s. of Poppies, Syrupus papaveris - s. of Poppy, 
red, Syrupus rhoeados - s. of Rhatany, Syrupus 
krameriae - s. of Rhubarb, Syrupus rhej - s. of 
Rhubarb, aromatic, Syrupus rhei aromaticus - s. 
of Rhubarb, spiced, Syrupus rhej aromaticus - 
s. of Saffron, Syrupus croci - s. of Squills, Syru- 
pus scillae-s. of Squill, compound, Syrupus scillae 
compositus - s. of Succory, compound, Syrupus 
de cichorio compositus-s. of Tolu, Syrupus tolu- 
tanus - s. of Vinegar, Syrupus aceti - s. of Vio- 
lets, Syrupus violae-s. of Wild cherry bark, Sy- 
rupus Pruni Virginianae. 
SYRUPUS, S. simplex. 
Syrupus Aca'cIjE, Syrup of Gum Arabic, (Aca- 
cice Sacchar. §xv, Aq. Dissolve the 
gum in the water; add the sugar, and strain. 
Ph. U. S.) A good pectoral syrup. Dose, f£j to 
3'u- 
Syrupus Ace'tt, S. Ac"idi Aceto'ai, Syrup of 
Vinegar, (F.) Syrop de Vinaigre. (Aceti Oiiss, 
aacch. purif. tbiiiss. Boil to form a syrup. Ph. 
E.) It is refrigerant and antiseptic. Dose, fZj 
to f!Jij. 
Syrupus Acini Acetosi, S. aceti. 
Syrupus Ac"idi Cit'rici, Syrup of Citric Acid. 
(Acid, citric, pulv. gij ; 01. Limon. ; Syrup. 
Oij. Rub the acid and oil with an ounce of the 
syrup; add the rest of the syrup, and dissolve 
with a gentle heat. Ph. U. S.) Virtues the same 
as those of the Syrupus Limonis. 
Syrupus cum JE'there Sulphu'rico Para- 
tus, Syrup of Ether, (F.) Sirop d'ether. (Very 
pure augar, 1000 p.; distilled water, 500 p.; dis- 
solve in the cold, and strain ; add sulphuric ether, 
48 p. Shake for five or six days, and draw off 
the limpid syrup. Ph. L.) Properties like those 
of ether. 
Syrupus Al'lii, Syrup of Garlic, (F.) Syrop 
d'ail. (Allii recent, concis. acet, destillat. 
Oj, aacchar. ibij. Macerate the garlic in the vi- 
negar, in a glass vessel, for four days; then ex- 
press the liquor and set it by, that the dregs may 
subside ; lastly, add the sugar to the clear liquor, 
and proceed in the manner directed for syrup. 
Ph. U. S.) Use, same as that of garlic. Dose, 
f5.it0 f5iv- 
Syrupus Altha:'.®, Syrup of Marshmallow, 
Syrupus ex Alt Ike'a, S. de Altheed, S. Althaee 
officina'lis, (F.) Syrop de (Altha ce. 
rad. recent, cont. tbss, sacch. pur. ibij, Oiv. 
Boil the root in the water to one-half, and press 
out the liquor; when cold, defecate; add the su- 
gar, and boil. Ph. L.) Emollient and demul- 
cent. Dose, f£j to fZiij. 
Syrupus Amomi Zingiberis, S. zingiberis. 
Syrupus Amyg'dala:, Syrup of Almonds, Sy- 
rup of Orgeat, Orgeat. (Amygdal. dulc. tbj, 
amygdal. tunar. giv, aqua, Oiij, aacchar. tbvj. 
Blanch the almonds, and rub them in a mortar 
to a very fine paste, adding, during the tritura- 
tion, three fluidounees of the water, and a pound 
of the sugar. Mix the paste thoroughly with the 
remainder of the water; strain with strong ex- 
pression ; add the remainder of the sugar to the 
strained liquor, and dissolve it with the aid of a 
gentle beat. Strain the syrup through fine linen, 
and having allowed it to cool, put it >nto bottici SYRUPUS 
which must be well stopped, and kept in a cool 
place. Ph. U. S.) 
Syrupus Anticausoticus, see Anticausodic. 
Syrupus Antiscorbu'ticus, S. de Armora'cid 
compositus, Antiscorbu'tic Syrup. (Leaves of 
cochlearia, buckbean, water-cresses, horse-radish 
root and bitter oranges, each Ibj, ciuaamon, 
Cut, and pour on white wine ibiv. Macerate for 
two days; distil over Oj in a sand-bath; add to 
this of sugar, tt>ij, and form a syrup. Again, 
take what remains in the cucurbit: pass it 
through cloth; let it rest; decant, and add sugar 
Ibij ; make into a syrup, and clarify with white 
of egg. Mix it with the first while yet warm. 
Ph. P.) Antiscorbutic, alterative, tonic, stoma- 
chic, &c. Dose, to 
Syrupus Aromat'icus, S. de Artemis'id com- 
positus, Compound Syrup of Mugwort, (F.) Syrop 
d'armoise compose. (Tops of artemisia vulgaris, 
in flower, inula root, ligusticum levisticum, 
and fennel, each pennyroyal, catmint, savine 
leaves, each marjoram, hyssop, pyrethrum, 
rue, basil, each iij, aniseed and cinnamon, each 
Zix; bruise and macerate in hydromel tbxviij ; 
distil over Oss; add to this a pound of sugar. 
Again, take the liquid that remains in the cucur- 
bit, strain it gently ; and add sugar Ibiv. Then 
mix the two. Ph. P.) Tonic, emmenagogue, <tc. 
Syrupus de Armoracia Compositus, S. anti- 
scorbuticus-s. de Artemisifi compositus, S. anti- 
scorbuticus-s. Asparagi, see Asparagus. 
Syrupus Auran'tii, S. Aurantio'rum, S. Citri 
Aurantii, S. Cor'ticis Aurantii, S. Aurantii Cor- 
ticis (Ph. U. S.), S. e Cortic"ibus Aurantio'rum, 
S. de Cortice Aurantio'rum, Syrup of Orange 
peel. (Aurant. cort. cont. aq. ferv. Oj, sacch. 
tbijss. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve 
hours. Add the sugar. Ph. U. S.) Stomachic. 
Dose, f£j to fjij. 
A Syrup of Orange Juice, Orange Sherbet, Sy- 
rupus e succo Aurantiorum, may be made by add- 
ing white sugar Ibij to Ibj of the juice of oranges, 
strained and clarified. 
Syrupus Balsamicus, S. tolutanus. 
Syrupus Caryophyl'li Rubri, S'. Dianthi 
Caryophylli, Syrup of Clove July jloicer, Syrup 
of Clove Pinks, Syrupus infusio'nis florum cary- 
ophyllo'rum. (Petalorum dianth., caryoph. re- 
cent. unguibus resectis Ibj, aquoe bull. Oiv, sacch. 
purif. tbvij. Ph. E.) Aromatic. 
Syrupus Cassia: Sennas, S. sennae. 
Syrupus de Cicho'ric. Compos'itus, S', de 
Rheo, Compound Syrup of Succory, (F.) Syrop de 
chi cores compose. (Root of succory leaves 
of succory leaves of fumitory and scolopen- 
drium, each Alkekengi berries Boil in 
water Oxiv to Oxij : pass through cloth, and dis- 
solve in white sugar fbv. Boil till it has the con- 
sistence of syrup. Again, take water Oviij, rhu- 
barb yellow sanders and cinnamon, each 
Infuse for twenty-four hours ; pass through linen, 
and add the preceding syrup. Ph. P.) It is 
laxative and stomachic. Dose, to 
Syrupus Cinchona: cum Vino, S. de kina kina 
cum vino. 
Syrupus Cincho'ni.e, Syrup of Cincho'nia. 
(Simple syrup one pound; sulphate of cinchonia 
nine grains. Mix.) Six spoonfuls are commonly 
sufficient to arrest an intermittent. 
Syrupus Citri Aurantii, S. aromaticus. 
Syrupus Col'chici Autumna'lis, <!?. Colchici, 
Syrup of Meadow Saffron. (Rad. colch. autumn, 
recent, :jj, acidi acetosi fijxvi, sacch. pur. 
Macerate the root in the vinegar for two days, 
occasionally shaking the vessel ; then strain, with 
gentle expression, I. me strained fluid add the 
sugar, and boil to a syrup. Ph. E.) Diuretic, 
antiarthritic. Dose, to f or more. 
838 
SYRUPUS 
Syrupus Corticis Aurantii, S. aromaticus - 
s. Citri medic®, S. limonum- s. e Succo citro- 
num, S. limonum. 
Syrupus Croci, Syrup of Saffron. (Croci 
stigmat. aquae fervent. Oj, saceh. pvrif. ibiiss. 
Ph. L.) Cardiac. Chiefly used for colouring. 
Syrupus Diacodion, Diacodion- s. Dianthi 
Caryophylli, S. caryophylli rubri. 
Syrupus Emeti'na:, Syrup of Em'etine. (Sim- 
ple syrup tbj, emetine 16 gr.) In small doses, ex- 
pectorant; and in large, emetic. 
Syrupus Empyreumaticus, Melasses-s. Ferri 
iodidi, Liquor Ferri iodidi-s. Hydrargyri, Syru- 
pus de mercurio mediante gummi - s. Infusionis 
tiorum caryophyllorum,Syrupuscaryophyllirubri. 
Syrupus Ipecacuan'has, Syrup of Ipecacuan- 
ha. (Ipecac, in pulv. crass, alcohol, dilut. Oj, 
sacchar. Ibiiss, aquae q. s. Macerate the ipecacu- 
anha in the alcohol for 14 days, and filter. Eva- 
porate the filtered liquor to 6 fluidounees, again 
filter, and add sufficient water to make the liquid 
measure a pint; add the sugar, and evaporate by 
a water-bath tb a proper consistence. Ph. U. S.) 
It may also be prepared by displacement. 
Syrupus de Jalap'a, Syrup of Jalap. (Pulv. 
Jalapa >x, sent. coriandr.,fcenicul. dale. ail 5" ! 
aqua fgxijfa, sacch. £xxv. Ph. P.) Cathartic. 
Dose, fZij to fjjss for children. 
Syrupus de Kina Kina cum Vino, S'. Cincho'- 
na cum vino, Syrup of Cinchona with wine, (F.) 
Syrop de quinquina, avec le vin. (Cort, cinchona 
officinalis gij. ext. cinchona 3vj> vini albi (Fin. 
Lunel. vel ctijnsvis ei similis,) Oj, alcohol (s. g. 
.985, to .915.) sacchar. alb. Ibiss. Bruise 
the cinchona; gradually add the alcohol, so as 
to form a soft mass; pour on the wine: macerate 
for two days, and strain. Dissolve the extract, 
add the sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. P.) Dose, 
to 
Syrupus Krame'ri.e, Syrupof Rhatany. (Ext. 
Kramer, aqua Oj, sacchar. tbijss. Dissolve 
the extract in the water, and filter; then add the 
sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S. It may 
also be made by displacement from Kramer, in 
pulv. crass. Ibj, sacchar. Ibiiss; aq. q. s.) An 
adjunct to astringent mixtures; or given in diar- 
rhoea, a tea-spoonful to a child. 
Syrupus Limonis, S. Limonum-s. Succi limo- 
nis, S. limonum. 
Syrupus Limo'num, S. limonis, (Ph. U. S.) S. 
citri med'ica, S.e succo citro'num, S. e succo limo'- 
num, S. succi limo'nis, Syrup of Lemon, Lemon 
Syrup. (Limon, succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. Ibij.) 
Cooling, antiseptic. 
Syrupus e Meconio, S. papaveris - s. de 
M«He, Mellitum simplex. 
Syrupus de Mercu'rio Median'te Gummi, 
Mercu'rius yummo'sus Plenck'ii, Syrupus Hydrar'- 
gyri, (F.) Syrop de mercure ou Mercure gomnieux 
de Plenck. (Hydrargyri pur. £j, p. gum. aca- 
cia, 5'iij, syrup diacod. £ss. Rub together till 
the mercury is extinguished. Ph. P.) Possesses 
the properties of the blue pill. Dose, gr. ij to 
viij, or more. 
Syrupus Mori, N. e succo moro'rum, S. succi 
mori, Syrup of Mul'berries, (F.) Syrop de mitres. 
(Mori succ. colat. Oj, sacchar. purif. ]bij. Ph. L.) 
Gratefully refrigerant. 
Syrupus e Succo Mororum, S. mori. 
Syrupus Morph'iac Aceta'tis, Syrup of ace- 
tate of morphia. (Syrup, one pint, acetate of 
morphia, gr. iv.) Dose, two tea-spoonfuls, as an 
opiate. It is about the strength of the same 
quantity of syrup of poppies. 
Syrupus Morphia: Sulpha'tis is made in the 
same way. 
Syrupus Niger, Melasses. 
Syrupus Papav'eris, S. papaveris somniferi. SYRUPUS 
S. papaveris albi, S. e meco'nio, S. de meconio, 
Diaco'dion, Syrup of poppies, (F.) Syrop de pa- 
vote blancs ou diucode. (Papav. capeul. exsiccat. 
et contus. exemptis seminibus, pur. 
ibij, aq. fervent, cong. ijss. Macerate the cap- 
sules in water for 12 hours ; boil to a gallon, and 
express strongly. Boil the liquor to Oij; and 
strain while hot. Defecate by rest, and boil to 
Oj, adding the sugar so as form a syrup. Ph. L.) 
One ounce contains about one grain of opium. 
Anodyne and demulcent. 
The Dublin college has a Syrupus Oph, called 
Common Syrup of Poppies, which is made by dis- 
solving 18 grains of the Watery Extract of Opium 
in 18 ounces of boiling water. Properties, those 
of opium and syrup. 
Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, S. rheeados 
- s. de Pomis compositus, see S. sennse. 
Syrupus Proteas, see Protea mellifera. Syru'- 
pus Pruni Virginia'noe, Syrup of Wild cherry 
bark. (Pruni Virginia, in pulv. crass, sac- 
char. Ibij, Aqua q. s. Moisten the bark with 
water; let it stand for 24 hours; transfer it to a 
percolator; pour water gradually upon it, until a 
pint of filtered liquor has passed. Add the sugar 
in a bottle, and dissolve by agitation. Ph. U. S., 
1851.) Dose, as a demulcent expectorant, fgj 
to f£iij. • 
Syrupus Qui'nias, Syrup of Quinia. (Simple 
syrup, 2 pints, sulphate of quinia, 64 grains.) Six 
spoonfuls are commonly sufficient to arrest an in- 
termittent. 
Syrupus e Quinque Radi'cibus, Syrup of five 
roots, (F.) Syrop des cinq ravines. (Rad. apii, 
foeniculi, apii petroselini, aa jjv. Infuse for 24 
hours in boiling water Oiiss, and strain. Rad. 
asparag., rusci aculeati, aa 3V, aqua, Ovij. Boil 
and reduce to half; adding, towards the end, the 
residue' of the preceding infusion. Boil again for 
some minutes ; strain, and add white sugar, ibvj. 
Ph. P.) Aperient and diuretic. Used in obstruc- 
tions of the liver, spleen, and mesentery ; and in 
dropsy, Ac. Dose, to or more. 
Syrupus Rhamni, 6'. Rhamni cathar'tici, S. de 
Spina, cervi'nd, S. spina eervi'na, Syrup of Buck- 
thorn, (F.) Syrop de nerprun. (Rhamu. baecar. 
succ. recent. Oiv, zingib. rad. concis., pimenta 
bacc. contrit., aa sacch. purif. ibiiiss. Defe- 
cate the juice for 3 days, and strain. To a pint 
of this, add the ginger and pimento; macerate for 
4 hours, and strain; boil what remains to Oiss. 
Mix the liquors and add sugar, so as to form a 
syrup. Ph. L.) Cathartic, but apt to gripe. Dose, 
to f£ij. 
Syrupus Rhej, Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhei, in 
pulv. crass. 5ij; Alcohol, Oss; Ajiub Oiss; sac- 
char. Ibij. Mix the alcohol and water; pour 
on the rhubarb, mixed with an equal bulk of sand, 
and allow the whole to stand four hours; put the 
mass into a pereolater, and gradually pour on the 
remainder of the alcohol and water. By means 
of a water-bath, evaporate to add the 
sugar, and make a syrup. Ph. U. S.) Dose to 
a child, as a laxative, one or two teaspoonfuls. 
Syrupus Rhej Aromat'icus, Aromatic Syrup 
of Rhubarb, Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb. (Rhej, 
cont 3iiss; Caryophyl. cont., Cinnam. cont. aa 
Myrist. cont. 3>j> Alcohol, dilut. Oij ; Syrup 
Ovj. Macerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the 
diluted alcohol for 14 days, and strain; then, by 
means of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to a 
pint, and while still hot, mix with the syrup pre- 
viously heated. Ph. U. S.) It may also be made 
by the process of displacement. 
The aromatic syrup of rhubarb is a gentle car- 
minative cathartic. Dose to a child, fjj; to an 
adult, f Jjj. 
839 
SYRUPUS 
Syrupus de Rheo, Syrupus de Cichorio com- 
positus. 
Syrupus Rhce'ados, (S'. de papav'ere errat'ico, 
S. papaveris erratici, Syrup of Red Poppy, (F.) 
Syrop de coquelieot. (Rhoead. petal, recent, tbj, 
aq. fervent, sacch. purif. Tbiiss. To the 
water, heated in a water-bath, add the petals. 
Remove the vessel; macerate for 12 hours; ex- 
press ; defecate, and add sugar to form a syrup. 
Ph. L.) Chiefly used to give colour. 
A factitious syrup is often made of aloes, dis- 
solved in simple syrup. 
Syrupus Rosa:, Syrupus rosa'rum soluti'vus, 
S. e rosie siccis, S. rosa centifo'lia, S. rosa'ceus 
soluti'vus, Syrup of Roses, (F.) Syrop de roses 
pales. {Rosas centif. petal, exsicc. sacch. 
purif. ibvj, aq. fervent. Oiv. Macerate the petals 
for 12 hours. Evaporate the strained liquor to 
tbiiss. Add the sugar. Ph. L.) Gently laxative. 
Dose, f£ij to or more. 
Syrupus Rosa: Gal'lica:, Syrup of Red Roses, 
(F.) Syrop de roses rouges. {Rosas Gallic, petal. 
exsicc. §vij, aqua bull. Ov, sacch. purif. ibvj; 
prepared like the last. Ph. E.) Mildly astrin- 
gent. Added to stomachic infusions. 
Syrupus Sacchari, S. Simplex. 
Syrupus Sarsaparil'la, Syrup of Sarsapa- 
rilla. {Rad. Sarsap. cont. Tbj, aqua bullient. 
cong., sacch. purif. tbj. Macerate the root for 24 
hours; boil to Oiv. Strain while hot; add the 
sugar, and boil. Ph. L.) Used in the same cases 
as the root. Dose, fgj to fgiv, and more. 
Syrupus de Sarsaparil'la et SennA Com- 
POs'itus, Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla and 
Senna, (F.) Syrop de Cuisinier. {Rad. Sarsap. 
concis. tbij. Infuse for 24 hours in warm water 
Oxij ; boil for a quarter of an hour; pass with 
expression, and boil again the residuum in Ox of 
water. Reduce this to Ovj, and repeat the ope- 
ration 2 or 3 times. Mix all the liquors and boil 
them together with flowers of borage, white roses, 
senna leaves and aniseed, each ; reduce to half, 
pass, and add honey tbij. Boil to a syrup. Ph. P.) 
It is considered to be alterant, depurative, and 
sudorific. Dose, to 
A similar syrup, under the name Syrupus 
Sarsaparil'la: Compos'itus, Compound Syrup 
of Sarsaparilla, is directed in the Pharmacopoeia 
of the United States. {Sarsaparill. cont. tbij ; 
Lign. guaiac, rasur. piij ; Rosa centifol., Senna, 
Glycyrrhiz. cont. aa 01. Sassafras, 01. Anisi. 
aa m. v.; 01. Gatdtheria m. iij ; Alcohol, dilut. 
Ox.; Sacchar. tbviij. Macerate the sarsaparilla, 
guaiacum wood, roses, senna, and liquorice root 
in the diluted alcohol for 14 days; express and 
filter. Evaporate the tincture in a warm bath to 
four pints; filter, add the sugar, and form into 
syrup. Lastly, having rubbed the oils with a 
small quantity of the syrup, mix them thoroughly 
with the remainder. Ph. U. S.) 
It may also be made by the process of dis- 
placement. 
Syrupus de Scammo'nio, Syrup of Scam'mony. 
(Pulv. Scammon. ?ss, sacch. alb. alcohol. 
(s. g. .985 to .915) Heat the mixture 
moderately: then set fire to the alcohol with a 
lighted taper; agitate constantly, until the flame 
is extinguished. Suffer it to cool; pass through 
cloth, and add Syrup of Violets, Ph. P.) 
3.i contains 18 grains of scammony. Dose, fjj 
to 
Syrupus Scillas, (S'. scillit'icus, S. scilla ma- 
rit'ima, Syrup of Squills. (Acet, scilla. Oj, sacch. 
tbij.) Diuretic, expectorant, and emetic. Used 
in the same cases as the oxymel. 
Syrupus Scilla: Compos'itus, Mel Scilla 
Compositum, Compound Honey of Squill, Com-, 
pound Syrup of Squill, Hive Syrup. {Scilla SYRUPUS 
cont.; .Sener/jB cont. aa j^iv; Antim. et Potassa 
Tart. gr. xlviij ; A</«<b Oiv; Sacchar. tbiiiss. 
Pour the water upon the squills and seneka, and, 
having boiled to one-half, strain and add the 
sugar. Then evaporate to three pints, and while 
the syrup is still hot, dissolve in it the tartrate 
of antimony and potassa.) 
It may also be made by the process of dis- 
placement. Ph. U. S. 
It is often given as an emetic in cases of croup, 
and in catarrh, especially in children. Dose, to 
infants, 10 drops to a drachm, repeated every 15 
minutes, if vomiting be desirable. 
Syrupus Sen'eGjE, Syrup of Seneka. (Senega 
cont. Aqua Oj ; Sacchar. ibj. Boil the wa- 
ter with the seneka to one-half, and strain; then 
add the sugar, and form into syrup. Ph. U. S.) 
It may also be formed by process of dis- 
placement. Ph. U. S. 
This is a favourite stimulant expectorant (?) 
with many practitioners. Dose, or f gij. 
Syrupus Senn.e, S. cassia senna, Syrup of 
Senna, (Senna §'j> sem' foenicul. cont. j$j, sacch. 
pur. aqua bullient. Oj. Macerate the senna 
leaves and fennel-seeds with a gentle heat for an 
hour. Strain; add the sugar, and make into a 
syrup. Ph. U. S.) Cathartic. Dose, fgij to 
or more. 
The Parisian Codex has a Syrupus de Senna of 
a compound character, called Syrupus de pomis 
compos'itus, (F.) Syrop de pommes compose. It 
contains, also, borage, bugloss, &c. Dose, f Sss 
to f£ij. 
Syrupus Simplex, Syrupus (Ph. U. S.), S. 
Sac' chari, Sac'charum clarifica'tum, Liqua'rium, 
Simple Syrup, Syrup, Common syrup of capillaire. 
(Sacch. purif. ibiiss, aqua Oj. Dissolve the sugar; 
set aside for 24 hours; remove the scum, and pour 
off the clear liquid.) Used to cover nauseous 
tastes, &c. 
Syrupus de Spina Cervina, Syrupus rhamni 
s. de Stoechade communis, see Lavendula. 
Syrupus Toluta'nus, £ Toluta'ni, S. toluif- 
era bal'sami, S. balsam'icus, Balsam'ic syrup, 
Syrup of tolu. (Tinct. Tolut. Oj ; 
Sacchar. Ibiiss. Mix the tincture with the sugar 
ia coarse powder; expose it on a shallow dish to 
a gentle heat, until the alcohol has evaporated ; 
pour the water upon it; heat gradually until the 
sugar is dissolved, and strain. Ph. U. S.) Use- 
to give flavour. 
Syrupus Vi'ol.e, £ viola odora'ta, S. viola'- 
rum, S. e succo viola'rum, Syrup of Violets. (Flor, 
recent, viol, odorat. tbij, aq. bull. Oviij, sacch. pur. 
Ibxv. Macerate, in a covered vessel, for 24 hours; 
pass, without expression, through linen ; add the 
sugar so as to form a syrup. Ph. E.) Very 
gently laxative. Dose, f£j to 
Syrupus e Succo Violarum, S. violse. 
Syrupus Zingib'eris, £ amo'mi zingiberis, Sy- 
rup of Ginger, (F.) Syrop de gingembre. (Tinct. 
Zingib. f§iv; Aya® Oiv; Sacchar. tbx. Mix the 
tincture with four pounds of the sugar in coarse 
powder; and expose it in a shallow dish to a 
gentle heat until the alcohol has evaporated. 
Add the rest of the sugar, and then the water in 
a covered vessel; heat gradually until the sugar is 
dissolved, and strain. Ph. U.S.) To the strained 
liquor add the sugar, and form a syrup. 
N. B. The Parisian Codex contained a few 
other compound syrups besides those enume- 
840 
SYZYGIUM 
rated; amongst these is a Syrup of calf's lungs, 
Syrupus e pulmon'ibus vituli'nis, (F.) Syrop do 
mou de veau, as an expectorant. 
These syrups are made according to the usual 
rule, and possess the virtues of the substances 
after which they are named. 
SYSPA'SIA, from avairato, (aw, and airau, 'I 
draw,') ' I contract.' Clonic spasm, with dimi- 
nished sensibility and inability of utterance. A 
genus in Good's Nosology, which includes con- 
vulsion, epilepsy, and hysteria. 
Syspasia Convulsio, Convulsion - s. Epilep- 
sia, Epilepsy - s. Hysteria, Hysteria. 
SYSSARCO'SIS, from aw, 'with,' and <rap(, 
'flesh.' Clommtssii'ra ostium car'nea, Symph'ysis 
ostiummuscula'ris, Connex'io ostium corno'sa, C'ar- 
na'tio, Concarna'tio. Union of bones by means 
of muscles; such as the union of the os hyoides 
with the lower jaw, of the scapula with the ribs, &c. 
SYSTALCIS, Systole. 
SYSTAL'TIC, Systal'ticus, Peristal'tic ; from 
<rvartXAu>, (aw, and arcAAo),) 'I contract.' A sys- 
taltic motion in a part is one in which there is 
alternate contraction and dilatation. See Systole. 
SYSTAT'ICA, from avviarr)iu, (<rvv, and larr/gi, 
' I place,') ' I associate.' Diseases affecting seve- 
ral or all of the sensorial powers simultaneously; 
irritation or inertness of mind, extending to the 
muscles, or external senses; or of the muscles, 
or external senses, extending to the mind ; - the 
4th order, class Neurotica, of Good. 
SYSTEM, Syste'ma, from aw, ' together,'and 
laTiuu, 'I place.' This word, taken in a good 
sense, means the collection and arrangement of 
different matters having an analogy to each other, 
or working towards the same end. In natural 
history, it means a methodical arrangement of 
beings for the purpose of facilitating their study. 
System is, however, sometimes used in an unfa- 
vourable sense in physical science, and often 
means, - a purely gratuitous supposition, by 
which the march of nature is attempted to be 
universally explained, and to which every thing 
is made to bend. In anatomy, system is an as- 
semblage of organs, composed of the same tissues, 
and intended for similar functions ; for instance, 
the nervous system, muscular system, Ac. 
SYS'TEMATISM. A method, according to 
which every fact of a science is collected around 
an opinion, true or false. One who reduces things 
to such a method is called a Sys'tematist. 
SYS'TEMATIST, see Systematism. 
SISTEMATOL'OGY, Systematolog"ia, from 
avarnna, 'system,' and Aoyor, 'a discourse.' The 
doctrine or a treatise of systems. 
SYSTEMS VASCULAIRE i SANG NOIR, 
see Vascular - s. Vasculaire d sang rouge, see 
Vascular. 
SYSTEMIC. Belonging to the general sys- 
tem- as 'systemic circulation' in contradistinc- 
tion to the 'pulmonic.' 
SYS'TOLE. Same etymon as Systaltic; Syt- 
tal'sis, Constric'tio, Contrac'tio seu Angusta'tio sen 
Submissio seu Mica'tio cordis. The movement 
of constriction or contraction of the heart, to give 
impulse to the blood, or to cause its progression. 
It is opposed to the Diastole of the organ. 
SYS'TOLIC, Systol'icus ; same etymon. Re- 
lating to the systole of the heart, - as ' systolic 
murmur.' 
SYZYGIUM NERVORUM, Par nervorum. I 
TABES 
841 
T. 
T Bandage, T. fas'eia, Fas'cia T. formis seu 
Heliodo'ri, Cru'cial Bandage. A bandage shaped 
like the letter T. It consists of a strip of linen, 
of variable length and breadth, the middle of 
which is attached, at right angles, to the extre- 
mity of another strip, also of variable length and 
breadth. When two such strips are attached, at 
a distance from each other, the bandage is called 
a double T. This bandage is used, principally, 
for supporting the dressings after the operation 
for fistula in ano, in diseases of the perinaeum, 
groin, anus, <tc. 
T Fascia, T Bandage. 
TAB A C, Nicotiana tabacum-t. des Savoyards, 
Arnica montana-t. des Vosges, Arnica montana. 
TABACUM, Nicotiana tabacum. 
TABARZET, Saccharum album. 
TAB'ASHEER, Tabaschir, Tabaxir. A sub- 
stance found in the knots of the bamboo, in the 
East Indies, as a consequence of a morbid condi- 
tion of the part. It is distinguished for its great 
proportion of silicic acid, in combination with a 
small quantity of mineral and vegetable matters; 
as well as for its slight refractive property. It 
has been used in obstruction of the bowels. The 
sweet juice of the bamboo stalks has also been 
called Tabasheer. 
TABEFACTION, Emaciation. 
TABEFY, Emaciate. 
TABEL'LA, Tab'ula, Tabula'tum, Lozan'ga, 
Lozan'gia, Mor'sulus, Morsel'lus, a lozenge,• Tes- 
sel'la, (F.) Tablette, 'a small table.' A solid 
medicine, composed of a powder, sugar, and mu- 
cilage; and generally shaped like a disk. See 
Pastil, and Troch. 
Tabella, Table. 
TABELLtE ABSORBENTES, T. de Mag- 
nesia. 
Tabell.e Ac"idi Oxal'ici, T. ad sitem, Lo- 
zenges of Oxalic Acid. (Acid, oxalic, sacch. 
alb. %ss, ol. limonis, gtt. xviij vel gtt. xij. Make 
into lozenges with mucilage of gum tragacanth. 
Ph. P.) Lozenges are made in the same way 
with the citric and tartaric acids. They are re- 
frigerant. 
Tabella: de Altha/a, Lozenges of Marsh- 
mallows. (Rad. althace, pulv., sacchar. alb. 
pulv. 'ivss; f. massa. Ph. P.) Demulcent; ex- 
pectorant. 
Tabell.e Antimonia'les Kuncke'lii, Tabellce 
de stib'ii sulphure'to, Lozenges of Sulph'uret of 
Ant'imony, Mor'suli antimonia'les, M. stibii, M. 
stibia'ti, Trochis'ci stibiati. (Amygdal. dulc. 
sacch. Ibss, sem. cardam., einnam. pulv., sxdph. 
antim. proepar., aa ; fiant tabellse. Ph. P. 
Each to weigh 10 grains.) Recommended in 
cutaneous diseases, blennorrhagia, arthritic pains, 
&c. Dose, 4 or more. 
Tabella: ad Ardorem Ventriculi, Trochisci 
carbonatis calcis - t. Cardialgicte, Trochisci car- 
bonatis calcis. 
Tabell.e de Cat'echu et Magne'sia, Lo- 
zenges of Catechu and Magnesia, (F.) Tablettes de 
cachou et de magnesie. (P. catech. Xvj, P- magnes. 
p. einnam. Ji'j, sacch. alb. toss, g. tragac. 
gr. xij, aq. einnam. q. s. ut f. massa. Ph. P. 
Each to weigh 12 gr.) Antacid, absorbent, and 
stomachic. Dose, 5 to 10 lozenges. 
Tabella: Cincho'na:, T. de kind kind, Bark 
Lozenges. (Ext. cinchon. sicc. £ss, sacch. 
einnam. Jss, mucilag. g. trag. q. s. ut f. massa. 
Ph. P.) Tonic. 
Tabella: de Citro et Diacarthamo, T. de 
Scammonio et Senna. 
Tabellas DE Ferro, Steel lozenge*, Tabula 
martia'les, T. instauran'tcs, T. antichlorot'icce. 
(Ferri Uniat, porphyriz. $ss, p. einnam. P- 
sacch. £v, g. trag. et aq. einnam. q. s., ut fiat 
massa. Each lozenge to weigh 12 gr. PA. P.) 
Tonic, stomachic. Dose, v to x. 
Aromatic lozenges of steel. These consist of 
sulphate of iron, with a small proportion of the 
Tincture of Cantharid.es. 
Tabella: de Kina KinX, T. cinchona. 
Tabella: de Magnesia, P. absorben'tes, Mag- 
nesia lozenges. (Magnes. 5], sacchar. alb. 
mucil. g. tragac. q. s. PA. P.) Absorbent and 
antacid. 
Tabella: de Rheo, Rhubarb lozenges. (P. rhej 
sacch. £v, mucilag. gum. tragac. q. s. ; f. 
massa. Each to contain 12 grains. PA. P.) 
Stomachic and laxative. 
Tabell.e de Scammo'nio et Senna Compos'- 
Ita:, Compound lozenges of scammony and senna, 
T. de citro et diacar'thamo. (Scammon. Jiij, 
Senna rhej. 3*ss' caryoph. £j, corticis 
limon. confect, sacch. ; f. massa. PA. P.) 
Purgative. Dose, Jij to gvj, or more. 
Tabella: ad Sitem, T. acidi oxalici - t. ad 
Sodain, Trochisci carbonatis calcis - t. de Stibii 
sulphureto, T. antimoniales Kunckelii. 
Tabella: de Sul'phure Sjm'plices, Simple 
sulphur lozenges. (Sulphur lot. sacch. Tiv, 
muc. g. tragac. cum aqua rosa, praepar. q. s. PA. 
P.) Expectorant, demulcent, <tc. Used in dis- 
eases of the chest, and in cutaneous affections. 
Dose, a lozenge. 
Tabella: de Sulph'ure Compos'it.e, Com- 
pound sulphur lozenges. (Sulph. lot. £>j> acid, 
benzoic, gr. xij, rad. irid. p. Jss, ol. anisi, gtt. 
viij, sacch. g. trag. q. s. Ph. P.) Aperient, 
expectorant, and stimulant. (?) Dose, 4 a day. 
TABERNA MEDICA, Pharma copolium. 
TABES, Maras'mus Tabes, Tabum, Tab'idness, 
from tabere, 'to consume;' Te'kedon, Atroph'ia, 
Decline. Emaciation of the whole body, with 
general languor, hectic fever, and, for the most 
part, depressed spirits. 
Tabes, Atrophy, Phthisis - t. Coxaria, Ischio- 
phthisis-t. Diabetica, Diabetes mellitus-t. Di- 
uretica, Diabetes mellitus. 
Tabes Dorsa'lis, T. Dorsua'lis, Maras'mus 
tabes dorsa'lis, Phthisis no'tias seu dorsa'lis seu 
sicca, Myelophthi'sis, Myelatroph'ia, Tabes ossis 
sacri. By this term is meant a wasting of the 
body, attended at first with a pain in the back or 
loins, and afterwards in the neck or head,- 
caused, it has been conceived, by too early or too 
frequent addiction to venery. 
Tabes Glandularis, T. mesenterica, Scrofula 
- t. Ischiadica, Ischiophthisis-t. Lactea, Atro- 
phia lactantium, see Galactia. 
Tabes Mesenter'ica, Atroph'ia mesenter'ica, 
Atroph'ia Infant'um, A. glandula'ris, A. infanti'- 
hs, A. dorsi, Parabye'ma mesenter' icum, Ma'eies 
Infan'tum, Pcedatroph'ia, Tabes glandula'ris, T. 
Scrofulo'sa, Scrofula mesenterica, Rachial'gia 
mesenterica, Myelophthi'sis sicca, Fe.bris hcc'tica 
infan'tum, Phthisis mesara'ica, Physco'nia me- 
senterica, Mesenteri'tis, Mesenter'ic Disease, (F.) 
Carreau, Chartre, Scrofules ou Ecrouelles mtsen- 
teriques, Etisie mesentfrique, Rachialgie mfsente ■ 
rique, Atropkie misenteriqne, Physconic mfsentt- 
rique, Entiro-mfsentfrite, Tubercles des ganglions 
misentirigues, Phthisie misentirigue. An ea- TABESCERE 
gorgement and tubercular degeneration of the 
mesenteric glands, followed by emaciation and 
general disorder of the nutritive functions. The 
disease is often owing to inflammation or irrita- 
tion of the lining membrane of the intestines, 
giving occasion to enlargement of the glands of 
the mesentery, -as injury to the upper or lower 
extremities causes inflammation, and enlargement 
of the lymphatic glands of the axilla and groin. 
It occurs, particularly, in children of a scrofulous 
diathesis ; and in those who are weaned too early, 
or fed on indigestible substances. Diarrhoea, 
emaciation, anorexia, or immoderate appetite; 
hardness and swelling of the abdomen; and, to- 
wards the end, hectic fever, are the chief symp- 
toms of this affection ; the prognosis of which is 
usually unfavourable. On opening the bodies of 
those who die of the disease, the mesenteric 
glands are found disorganized, tubercular, or in 
a more or less advanced state of suppuration. 
The treatment is the same as in serophulosis. 
Frictions may be added over the abdomen and 
spine; and mercury, in small doses, so as to ex- 
cite a new action in the system. The food must 
be easy of digestion, and the bowels be kept 
soluble. 
Tabes Nutricum, Atrophia lactantium, see 
Galactia-t. Ossis sacri, Tabes dorsalis-t. Pec- 
torea, Rachitis-t. Pulmonalis, Phthisis pulmona- 
lis-t. Scrofulosa, T. mesenterica-t. Senum, Ma- 
rasmus senilis. 
TABESCERE, Emaciate. 
TABID, Tab'idus, (F.) Tabide. Same etymon 
as Tabes. Relating or appertaining to tabes. 
Wasted by disease. 
TABIDNESS, Tabes. 
TABLE, Tab'ula, TabeU'a, Tabula'twm, Lam'- 
ina, Paries, Squama. A name given to the 
plates of compact tissue, which form the bones 
of the cranium. Of these, one is external; the 
other internal, and called Tab'ula vi'trea, on ac- 
count of its brittleness. 
TABLES DE MORTALITE, Mortality, 
bills of. 
TABLET, Trochiscus. 
TABLETTE, Tabella. 
TABLETTES DE CACHOUETDE MAG- 
NESIE, Tabellai de catechu et magnesia. 
TABLIER, Ventrale cutaneum. 
TABOURET, Thlaspi bursa. 
TABULA, Tabella, Table. 
Tabulae Antichlorotica:, Tabellae de ferro- 
t. Instaurantes, Tabellae de ferro - t. Martiales, 
Tabellae de ferro. 
TABULATUM, Tabella, Table. 
TABUM, Ichor, Sanies, Tabes. 
TAG, Influenza. 
TACAMAHACA, Fagara octandra - t. Ca- 
ragna, Caranna. 
TACHE, Macula. 
TACHE EMBRYONNAIRE, 'Embryonic 
spot;' Cu'mulus, Ger'minal cu'mulus, Cu'mulus 
germinati'vus seu prolig"erus, A'rea germinati'va, 
Nu'clevs cicatric'ulce seu blastoderm'atis. A name 
given by M. Coste to a spot seen on the blasto- 
derma about the end of the first week, from 
which the development of the embryo proceeds. 
According to Bischoff, the blastodermic vesicle 
consists hereof a double layer - the upper one 
the serous or animal; the lower, the mucous or 
vegetative; and between these is afterwards 
formed the vascular layer. 
TACHE GERMINATIVE, see Molecule - t. 
de Naissance, Naevus. 
TAC1IENCAUSIS, Combustion, human. 
TA CHES HE PA TIQ UES, Chi jasma. 
TACHES LAITEUSES, Plaques laiteuses, 
842 
TASNIA 
'milky spots or patches.' White spots occasion- 
ally seen on the heart, and regarded by many 
pathologists as the results of previous pericarditis. 
TACHES DE ROUSSURE, Ephelides - t. 
Rouges, Spots, Red. 
TACHYIA'TER, Tachyiatrus. Same etymon 
as the next. One who cures speedily. 
TACHYIATRI'A, from ' quick,' and 
tarpcia, 'healing.' The art of curing quickly. 
TACH'YTOMY, Tachytom'ia, from 
' quick,' and ropn, ' incision.' The art of cutting 
or operating rapidly. 
TACITUR'NITY, Tacitur'nitas, Sige, 'silence, 
from tacere, ' to be silent.' ' State of a person 
who does not speak.' Morbid taciturnity some- 
times exists as a symptom of the neuroses, espe- 
cially of melancholy. 
TACT, Tactus, from tangere, tactum, 'to touch.' 
A modification of the sense of touch. Passive 
judgment by the cutaneous nerves regarding bo- 
dies exterior to the skin. Tact is passive : Touch, 
active. 
TACTILE, Tac'tilis ; same etymon. Relating 
or appertaining to touch 
TACTION, Touch. 
TACTUS, Tact, Toucn-t. Dolorificus, Hapto- 
dysphoria. 
T2EDA, Does, tais- A term used for a medi- 
cine employed under the form of fumigation, pes- 
sary, or troch. 
TjE'NIA, Te'nia, Fas'cia, from raivia, 'a fillet, 
a riband.' See Bandage. Also a genus of intes- 
tinal worms, characterized by an elongated, flat- 
tened, and articulated body, with four suctorial 
oscula on the head. Of this genus, ttvo only in- 
habit the human body-the Taenia lata, (see Bo- 
thriocephalus latus,) and Taenia solium. 
T.exia Acephala, Bothriocephalus latus-t. d 
Anneaux courts, Bothriocephalus latus-t. d An- 
neaux longs, Tania solium - t. Articulos dcmit- 
tens, Trenia solium-t. Cucurbitina, Tania solium 
--t. Dentata, Bothriocephalus latus - t. Grisea, 
Bothriocephalus latus - t. Hippocampi, Corpora 
fimbriata-t. Humana armata, Tania solium - t. 
Humana inermis, Bothriocephalus latus-t. Hy- 
datigena, Hydatid - t. Lata, Bothriocephalus 
latus-t. d Longues articulations, Tania solium- 
t. Membranacea, Bothriocephalus latus - t. Ner- 
vosa Halleri, Ganglion of Gasser - t. Non arm(, 
Bothriocephalus latus - t. Osculis lateralibus ge- 
minis, Bothriocephalus latus-t. Osculis laterali- 
bus solitariis, Bothriocephalus latus - t. Osculis 
marginalibus solitariis, Tania solium-t. Osculis 
superficialibus, Bothriocephalus latus-t. Prima, 
Bothriocephalus latus - t. Sans (pine, Tania so- 
lium-t. Secunda, Tania solium. 
TjENIA SemicirCULA'ris, T. striata, Gem'inum 
centrum semicircula're, Limbus poste'rior cor'po- 
ris stria'ti, Striae cor'neae seu «em»7una're« seu 
termina'les, Fraenulum novum, Fascia semicircu- 
la'ris, (F.) Bandelette des eminences pyrifomes 
(Ch.), Bandelette, B. demicirculaire, Lame cornfe. 
A medullary, grayish, semitransparent layer, situ- 
ate in the groove that separates the thalamus op- 
ticus from the corpus striatum in the lateral ven- 
tricle. 
Ta;niA So'lium, T. os'culis marginal' ibus soli- 
ta'riis, Tania cucurbiti'na, Taenia huma'na ar- 
ma'ta, Hal'ysis solium, Vermis cucurbiti'nus, 
Lumbri'cus latus, Tenia sans (pine, Taenia arti- 
culos demit'tens, So'lium, T. secunda, Tenia d 
longues articulations, Tenia d anneaux longs, Ver 
solitaire, F. cucurbitain, Long Tape Worm, has 
an almost hemispherical, discrete head; an ob- 
tuse beak ; the neck full anteriorly ; all the joints 
slightly obtuse, the anterior very short; the next 
almost square, and the rest oblong; the marginal T2ENIJE 
foramina vaguely alternated. The taenia solium 
is commonly a few feet long: sometimes its 
length is enormous. It is said to have been met 
with 600 feet long. It principally inhabits the 
small intestines, and is not common. The oil of 
turpentine, in some form, largely exhibited, is 
perhaps the best remedy. 
T.f.nia Striata, T. semicircularis - t. Tarini, 
Lamina cornea-t. Tenella, Bothriocephalus latus 
-t. Vulgaris, Bothriocephalus latus. 
T7ENLE COLI, see Colon. 
TAS'NIAFUGE, Taniaf'ugum, from tcenia, 
and fugo, 'I drive off.' A remedy calculated to 
expel taenia. 
TtENIOLA, Bandelette. Used by Gerber for 
a simple, band-like, or flat fibre, Filum taenia- 
forme, seen under the microscope. 
TAFFETAS AGGLUTINATIF, Sparadra- 
pum adhaesivum - t. d' Angleterre, see Sparadra- 
pum adhaesivum - t. Epispastique, Sparadrapum 
vesicatorium - t. Gomm.6, see Sparadrapum ad- 
haesivum - t. Vesicant, Sparadrapum vesicato- 
rium. 
TAFIA, Rum. 
TA1LLADE, Incision, see Entaille. 
TAILLE, Lithotomy - t. Hypogastriqne, Hy- 
pogastric operation of lithotomy, see Lithotomy 
-t. Par le rectum, see Lithotomy-t. Postirieure, 
see Lithotomy - t. Hecto-vMcale, see Lithotomy 
- t. Sus-pubilnne, see Lithotomy. 
TAKAMAHAKA, Fagara octandra. 
TAL. A word formerly employed for alkali. 
It also meant the dung of the peacock. 
TALC EARTH, Magnesia. 
TALCUM NEPHRITIC UM, Nephreticus 
lapis. 
TALEN'TUM, raXavrov. An ancient weight 
equal to 54 pounds, 2 oz., 5 dr., and 24 grains 
Poids de Marc. See Weights and Measures. 
TALEOLUS, Malleolus. 
TALIACOTIAN OPERATION, Rhinoplastic. 
TALINUM UMBELLATUM, see Mistura. 
TALIPES, Kyllosis (Clubfoot) - t. Equinus, 
see Kyllosis - t. Valgus, see Kyllosis - t. Varus, 
see Kyllosis. 
TALON, see Calcaneum. 
TALPA, 'a mole.' Topina'ria, Tupina'ria, 
Talpa'ria, Testu'do, (F.) Taupe. A tumour situ- 
ate on the head, which has been supposed to 
burrow like a mole. 
TALPARIA, Talpa. 
TALUS, Astragalus, Malleolus, see Calcaneum. 
TAMARA CONGA, Averrhoa carambola. 
TAMAR2EA ZECLA, Tamarindus. 
TAM AH IN, Tamarindus. 
TAMARIN'DI PULPA, Pulp of tamarinds, 
(Tamarinds, q. s. Digest them with a small 
quantity of water, until they become of a uniform 
consistence; then separate the seeds and fila- 
ments, by pressing through a hair-sieve. Ph. U.S.) 
TAMARINDS, PULP OF, Tamarindi pulpa. 
TAMARIN'DUS, T. In'dica, Thamarindus, 
Oxiphoenicon, Sil'iqua Arab'ica, Balampul'li, 
Tamara'a zecla, Oxyphoeni'cia, Aca'cia Jndica, 
Tamarind tree, (F.) Tamarin. Family, Legu- 
niinosac. Sex. Syst. Triandria Digynia. The pulp 
of the tamarind with the seeds connected by nu- 
merous tough strings, is exported from the West 
Indies, preserved in syrup, - Tamarindus, (Ph. 
U. S.) It is refrigerant a_nd laxative. Tamarind 
whey is made by boiling gij of the pulp with tbiss 
of milk. When strained, it is used as a diluent 
in fever. 
TAMARISCUS, Tamarix Gallica. 
TAM'ARIX, T. Gal'lica, T. Pentan'dra, Ta- 
maris'cus. The Tamarisk tree. Family, Portu- 
lacea?. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Pentagynia. The 
843 
TAPSAR [A 
bark, wood, and leaves were formerly employed 
medicinally; - the former for its aperient and 
corroborant virtues, in obstructions of the liver ; 
the latter in icterus, haemoptysis, and some cu- 
taneous affections. 
TAMBOUR, CAVITE DU, Tympanum. 
TAMPA BAY, see Saint Augustine. 
TAMPON, see Plugging. 
TAMPONNEMENT, Plugging. 
TANACE'TUM, T. vulga're,Tana'sia,Athana'- 
sia, Parthe'nium mat, Tansy, (F.) Tanaisie vul- 
gaire. Family, Corymbiferae. Sex. Syst. Syn- 
genesia Polygamia. The leaves and flowers of 
tansy have a peculiar, strong odour, and warm, 
bitter taste. They are tonic, deobstruent(?), and 
anthelmintic. Dose, gss to gj. The infusion is 
usually drunk as tea. 
Tanace'tum Balsami'ta, Balsami'ta mas seu 
vulga'ris, B. suaveolens, B. major, Tanacetum hor- 
ten'se, Oostus horto'rum, Mentha Roma'na seu 
Nciracen'ica, Costmary, Alecost, Cock-mint, (F.) 
Menthe coq, Herbe au coq, Grand Baume. A fra- 
grant-smelling herb, somewhat resembling mint, 
and formerly much esteemed as a corroborant, 
carminative, and emmenagogue. 
Tanacetum Hortense, T. balsamita. 
Tanace'tum Multiflo'rum. A South African 
plant, which is used as a tonic, antispasmodic 
and anthelmintic. It is given in flatulency, gout, 
amenorrhoea and dropsy : but is especially pre- 
scribed in cases of ascarides lumbricoides and 
other entozoa. It is administered in the form of 
powder or infusion; the latter acting also, as a 
diaphoretic and diuretic. It is used likewise as 
a resolvent and anodyne fomentation. 
TANAISIE VULGAIRE, Tanacetum. 
TANASIA, Tanacetum. 
TANGE, rayy>)> 'rancidity.' A putrescent 
tumour. 
TANINUM, Tanninum. 
TANNIC ACID, Tannin. 
TANNICUM PURUM, Tannin. 
TANNIN, from (F.) tanner, 'to tan.' Tan'- 
nicum purum, Tanni'num, Tani'num, Princip'ium 
adstringens seu Seytodep'sicum seu Byrsodep'- 
sicum seu Coria'ceum, Seytodep'shim, Acidum 
Tan'nicum, A. Quercitan'nicum, Tannic acid, 
(F.) Acide tannique. A principle obtained from 
oak bark and other astringent vegetables, sc 
called from its forming the principal agent in the 
process of tanning. Pure tannin, obtained from 
galls, by the action of ether, (see Ph. U. S.) has 
been employed as an excellent and powerful 
astringent. Dose, two grains repeated several 
times a day. 
TANSY, Tanacetum - t. Wild, Potentilla an- 
serina. 
TAPER, HIGH, Verbascum nigrum. 
TAPE'TUM, Ta'pestry, Tape'turn choro'idece. 
A shining spot, on the outside of the optic nerve, 
in the eyes of certain animals, which is owing to 
the absence of the pigmentum nigrum, occasion- 
ing the reflection of a portion of the rays from the 
membrana Ruyschiana. Its use appears to be, 
by reflecting the rays, to cause a double impres- 
sion on the retina, and thus add to the intensity 
of vision. 
Tapetum, see Corpus Callosum. 
Tapetum Ai.ve'oli, Membra'na exter'na den'- 
tium. The outer membrane of the teeth. The 
lining membrane or periosteum of the alveoli. 
TAPEWORM, BROAD, Bothriocephalus latus 
- t. Long, Taenia solium. 
TAPIOCA, see Jatropha manihot - t. Pearl, 
see Jatropha manihot. 
TAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum. 
TAPSARIA, Decoctum hordei. TAR 
TAR, see Pinus sylvestris - t. Barbadoes, Pe- 
troleum - t. Mineral, Pissasphaltum. 
TAR'ACHE, Tarax'is, Tarag'ma, Tarag'mus, 
' disorder.' A disorder of sight, which arises 
from a blow, compression of the eye, or the action 
of dust, smoke or other external cause. By some, 
It is understood to signify mild or incipient oph- 
thalmia. 
r/)s KotXcas, ' disturbance of the belly.' 
Diarrhoea. 
TARAGMA, Tarache. 
TARAGMUS, Tarache. 
TARAGON, Artemisia dracunculus. 
TAR ANTALISMUS, Tarantismus. 
TARANTISM'US, Tarentis'mus, Tarantalis'- 
mus, Dinoma'nta, Ghore'a Sancti Valenti'ni, 
Taren'tuhsm, Tar'antism. A feigned or imagin- 
ary disease in Apulia, characterized by excessive 
avidity for dancing at the sound of instruments, 
and which was ascribed, by the vulgar, to the 
bite of the tarantula. A sort of tarantismus, con- 
sidered peculiar to Africa, and believed to be 
spontaneous, has been called Tarentismus Tan- 
gita'nus, Janon-tarentisme. 
TARAN'TULA, from Tarentum or Tarento, 
a town of Italy where it abounds; Taren'tula, 
(F.) Tarentule. A species of spider-the Ara'nea 
Tarentula of Linnaeus, Lyco'sa Tarentula of La- 
treille, whose bite has been looked upon as dan- 
gerous. Music has been thought to cure it. 
TARASCON, MINERAL WATERS OF. Cha- 
lybeate springs in the department of Arriege, 
France. They contain iron and carbonic acid. 
TARAXACUM, Leontodon taraxacum - t. 
Dens leonis, Leontodon taraxacum. 
TARAXIS, Tarache, see Ophthalmia. 
TARCHON SYLVESTRIS, Achillea ptarmica. 
TARENTISMUS, Tarantismus - t. Tangi- 
tanus, Tarantismus. 
TARENTULA, Tarantula. 
TARENTULISM, Tarantismus. 
TARGAR, Juniperus communis. 
TARI. Palm or cocoa wine, from which sugar 
was obtained, called Jagre. It was once used as 
a tonic. 
TARI'NI PONS, Interpedun'cular space, Pos- 
terior perforated space, Locus perfora'tus posti'- 
cus. A cineritious substance, between the cor- 
pora albicantia, which assists in forming the bot- 
tom of the third ventricle. 
TARO, Arum esculentum. 
TARQUETTE, Horniaria glabra. 
TARSAL, Tar'seus. That which relates to the 
tarsus. 
Tarsal Articulations result from the union 
of the bones of the tarsus with each other. 
TAR'SEA LATA (LIGAMENTA). Three 
ligaments, described by Winslow as stretching 
from the edge of the orbit to that of the tarsi, 
with which, he thought, they formed a complete 
layer of the eyelids. Zinn could not trace the 
ligaments all the way to the tarsi; whilst Haller 
doubted altogether their ligamentous texture, and 
Zeis regards them as merely areolar substance. 
TARSEUS, Tarsal. 
TARSO-METATARSAL, Tarso-meta tar'seus. 
That which relates to tarsus and metatarsus. 
Tarso-Metatarsal Articulations are those 
between the bones of the second row of the tarsus 
and the metatarsal bones. The term Tarso-me- 
tatarsal is likewise applied to ligaments connected 
with these joints, some of which are dorsal, and 
others plantar. 
TARSO-JfETA TARSI-PHALANGIEN DU 
I OVCE, Adductor pollicis pedis-t. Phalangien 
du p,once, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis - t. Sous- 
phalangien d\ petit orteil, Flexor brevis minimi 
844 
TARTRE BRUT 
digiti pedis-t. Sous-phalangettien du premier or- 
teil, Flexor brevis pollicis pedis. 
TARSOPHY'MA, from Tarsus, and </>vpa, ' a 
tumour.' A swelling of the tarsus. 
TARSOR'RHAPHY, Tarsorraph'ia, from far- 
sus, 'the tarsal cartilage,' and pa<pn, 'suture.' 
An operation for diminishing the size of the 
opening between the eyelids, when it is enlarged 
by surrounding cicatrices. 
TARSOT'OMY, Tarsotom'ia, from tarsus, and 
ro/ir), ' incision.' The section or removal of the 
tarsal cartilages. 
TARSUS, Planta prima pedis, Rasse'ta seu 
Rasce'ta pedis, Pe'dium, Cavic'ula pedis nodus. 
1. The posterior part of the foot. The tarsus 
consists of 7 bones, arranged transversely in two 
rows, between which amputation is sometimes 
performed. The first or Tibial row, (F.) Pre- 
miere ranges, R. jambiire, consists of the astra- 
galus and os calcis ; the second or metatarsal, (F.) 
teconde rangte, R. metatarsienne, of the sca- 
phoides, cuboides, and three ossa cuneiformia- 
2. The Ta rsi, Tarsal cartilages, Tarsal fibro-car- 
tilages, Orehoi, Crepid'ines seu Coro'na seu Che- 
la seu Un'gula Palpebra'rum, Tharsi, are two 
small cartilaginous layers, seated in the substance 
of the free edge of each eyelid. The upper is 
larger and broader than the lower. Both com- 
mence at the bifurcated extremity of the tendon 
of the orbicularis palpebrarum, and pass to the 
opposite commissure of the eyelids. They are 
broader in the middle than at their extremities. 
TARTAR, Antimonium tartarizatum (impro- 
perly), Potass® supertartras iinpurus - t. Cal- 
careous, Potass® subcarbonas - t. Crystals of, 
Potass® supertartras - t. Emetic, Antimonium 
tartarizatum - t. Soluble, Potass® tartras, see 
Potash. 
TARTA'REI MORBI. A term employed by 
Paracelsus to designate certain diseases which he 
attributed to tartar. 
TARTAR I CRYSTALLI, Potass® super- 
tartras. 
TARTAR'IC ACID, Ac"idum tartar'icvm, A. 
tartaro'sum, Acor tartar'icus, Acidum tar'tari 
essentia'le, Tarta'reous acid, Sal tartari essen- 
tials. (Potassa bitart. tbiiss, aq. destillat. /err., 
cong. iij, creta ppt. ibj, acidi sulph. tbj. Boil the 
bitartrate with two gallons of the water, and gra- 
dually add the prepared chalk, until no more 
bubbles appear; let the tartrate of lime subside; 
then pour off the fluid and wash the tartrate of 
lime with distilled water, until it is tasteless. 
Pour upon it the sulphuric acid, diluted with a 
gallon of boiling distilled water; and set the 
mixture aside for 24 hours, occasionally stirring 
it. Filter and evaporate to crystallize. PA. L.) 
It is refrigerant and antiseptic, but is chiefly 
used for making effervescent draughts with soda. 
TARTARUM, Potass® supertartras impurus- 
t. Vitriolatura, Potass® sulphas. 
TARTARUS AMMONIJE, Ammoni® tartras 
- t. Chalybeatus, Ferrum tartarizatum - t. Cru- 
dus, Potass® supertartras impurus - t. Dentium 
Odontolithos - t. Emetieus, Antimonium tartari- 
zatum-t. Kalicoferricus, Ferrum tartarizatum 
t. Kalinus, Potass® tartras-t. Lixivi®, Potass® 
tartras - t. Martialis, Ferrum tartarizatumt. 
Potass® ferruginosus, Ferrum tartarizatum-t. 
Subpotassicus, Potass® supertartras-t. Superpo- 
tassicus, Potass® supertartras-t. Tartarizatus, 
Potass® tartras. 
TARTRATE D'AMMONIAQUE, Ammoni® 
tartras. 
TARTRE BRUT, Potnssx supertartras impu- 
rus-t. Cru, Potass® supertartras impurus-t. det 
Bents, Odontolithos - t. Emitique, Antimonium TARTRUM 
tartarizatum- t. Stibii, Antimonium tartariza- 
tum. 
TARTRUM SOLUBILE, Potass® tartras. 
TASIS, Extension, Tension. 
TASTE, Guetus, Geusie, Geuma, Geuthmot, (F.) 
GoOt. One of the five external senses, which in- 
structs us of the savours of bodies, and of which 
the tongue is the principal organ. 
Gustation, Gustatio, is the exercise of this fa- 
culty. In disease, the taste frequently becomes 
variously vitiated. The nerves of taste are pro- 
bably the lingual branch of the fifth pair and the 
glosso-pharyngeal. 
Taste, Savour. 
TA UPE, Talpa. 
TAUROCOL'LA, from ravpoy, 'a bull,' and 
KoXXa, ' glue.' Glue made of the ears and genitals 
of the bull. It was formerly much esteemed. 
TAURUS, Penis, Perineum. 
TAXIS, 'arrangement;' from raaau>, 'I order,' 
* I arrange ;' liepo8it"io, Eeduc'tio, Syntax'ie. A 
methodical pressure exerted by the hand on a 
hernial tumour, for the purpose of reducing it. 
This operation is generally easy in herni® that 
are free from adhesions, of small size, and with a 
large opening into the sac; but it is very difficult 
and frequently impracticable in those that are 
adherent or strangulated. To perform the taxis, 
the patient should be put in the horizontal pos- 
ture, and in one in which the parietes of the ab- 
domen are relaxed. The manual procedure va- 
ries in each species of hernia. In all cases, too 
strong pressure of the parts must be avoided; as 
inflammation and gangrene might be induced. 
The displaced Organs must be pushed into the 
abdomen, according to the direction of the axis 
of the hernial sac. The reduction is sometimes 
favoured by blood-letting ad deliquium; the 
warm bath; warm fomentations; tobacco; emol- 
lient glysters ; and, at times, by cold applications, 
as ice, Ac. In a case of strangulated hernia, 
should the taxis fail, an operation becomes ne- 
cessary. 
TAXUS BACCA'TA. The Yew tree, Smilax, 
Smilae, Thym'alos, (F.) If. Family, Conifer®. 
Sex. Syst. Dioecia Monadelphia. The ancients 
believed the yew to be poisonous; but the fruit 
may be eaten without inconvenience. The leaves 
have been often recommended in epilepsy. The 
resin, obtained from the bark, has been called 
albir. 
TA YE, Caligo. 
TAYLOR'S REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS, 
see Allium. 
TEA, Thea - t. Apple, see Apple tea - t. Ba- 
hama, Lantana camara - t. Beef, see Beef tea - 
t. Berried, Gaultheria - t. Berry, Gaultheria-t. 
Blankenheim, see Galeopsis grandiflora - t. Bra- 
zil, Lantana pseudothea-t. Bushman's, Methys- 
cophyllum glaucum - t. Cafire, Helichrysum nu- 
difolium - t. Chicken, see Chicken tea - t. Flax- 
seed, Infusum Lini compositum-t. Ginger, Infu- 
sum Zingiberis - t. Hottentots', Helichrysum 
serpyllifolium-t Labrador, Ledum latifolium- 
t. Lemon-peel, see Citrus medica - t. Marsh, Le- 
dum palustre - t. Mexico, Chenopodium ambro- 
sioides-t. Mountain, Gaultheria-t. Mutton, see 
Mutton tea-t. New Jersey, Celastrus-t. Oswego, 
Monarda coccinea-t. Redberry, Gaultheria - t. 
Slippery elin, Infusum Lini compositum-t. Soot, 
see Fuligokali-t. South sea, Ilex vomitoria-t. 
Spanish, Chenopodium ambrosioides-t. Veal, 
see Veal tea. 
TEAR, Sax. ceap, Lac'ryma, Lacb'ryma, Lac'- 
rima, Lac'ruma, Dacry, Dac'ryma, Dac'ryon, 
Humor lacryma'lit, Eyedrop, (F.) Larme. An ex- 
crementitious humour, secreted by the lachrymal 
gland, and poured between the globe of the eye, 
845 
TELEPHIUM 
and the eyelids, to facilitate the motions of those 
parts. The tears are saline, inodorous, and co- 
lourless. They turn the syrup of violets green ; 
and contain chloride of sodium, with excess of 
base, phosphates of lime and soda, and albumen. 
TEARS, DEERS', Bezoar of the deer. 
TEASEL, CULTIVATED, Dipsacus sylves- 
tris. 
TEAT, Nipple. 
TEAZEL, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
TECEDON, Phthisis. 
TECNOCTONIA, Infanticide. 
TECOLITHOS, Judaeus (lapis.) 
TECO'MA RADI'CANS, Biyno'nia radi' cans, 
Trumpet flower, Trumpet creeper, Virgin'ia creep- 
er. Indigenous; the orange and scarlet flowers 
appearing in July. Order, Bignoniacese. The 
leaves are acrid. 
TECTARIA CALAHUALA, see Calagualm 
radix-t. Ferruginea, see Calagualae radix. 
TEETH, see Tooth - t. Eye, Canine teeth-t. 
Jaw, Molar teeth-t. Milk, see Dentition-t. Neck 
of the, Collum dentium - t. Vitreous substance 
of the, Enamel of the teeth. 
TEETHING, Dentition. 
TEGIMEN, Integument. 
TEGMEN, Integument. 
TEGULA HIBERNICA, Hibernicus lapis. 
TEGUMEN, Integument. 
TEGUMENT, Integument. 
TEGUMEN'TARY. Relating or appertaining 
to the integument. 
TEGUMEN'TUM, Integument--1. Auris, see 
Tympanum - t. Ventriculorum cerebri, Centre, 
oval, of the brain. 
TEIGNE, Pityriasis, Porrigo, Porrigo lupinosa 
- t. Annnlaire, Porrigo scutulata-t. en Anneau, 
Porrigo scutulata - t. Faveuse, Porrigo favosa 
t. Furfura.de, Porrigo furfurans-t. Nummulaire, 
Porrigo scutulata. 
TEINESMOS, Tenesmus. 
TEINODYN'IA; from ruveiv, 'to extend,'and 
oSvvri, 'pain.' Pain of the sinews or tendons. 
TEINOPHLOGO'SIS; from rcivciv, ' to ex- 
tend,'and <j>\oywais, ' inflammation.' Inflamma- 
tion of the sinews or tendons. 
TEINTURE, Tincture - t. Ethtrte, JE the real 
-t. Rubifiante, Tinctura cantharidis. 
TEKEbON, Tabes. 
TELA, Texture, Tissue - t. Accidentalis Me- 
dullaris, Encephaloid - t. Cellulosa, Cellular tis- 
sue- t. Emplastica, Sparadrapum - t. Erectilis, 
Erectile tissue - t. Galteri, Sparadrapum Galteri 
-t. Hippocratis cribrosa, Cellular tissue-t. Hy- 
menochondroides, Tissue, cartilaginous - t. Hy- 
menochondrodes, Tissue, cartilaginous - t. Ich- 
thyocollas glutinans, see Sparadrapum adhresi- 
vum - t. Inodularis, Tissue, inodular - t. Orga- 
nica, Histos - t. Vesicatoria, Sparadrapum vesi- 
catorium. 
TELAMON, Habena. 
TELAMO'NES, rtXagovcf, ' bandages.' Char- 
pie, used for wounds; or linen, employed for 
bandages. 
TELANGECTASIS, Telangiectasia. 
TELANGIECTA'SIA, Telangiec'tasis, Telan- 
gec'tasis, Angieotelecta'sia, Hamatotelangio'sis, 
Hcemotelangio' sis, Angiecta' sia, Anastomo'sis 
aneurysmat'ica; from teXoj, 'far,' ayytiov, 'ves- 
sel,' and £<cr<i<nf, 'dilatation.' Dilatation of ves- 
sels. Naevus maternus. Aneurism by anasto- 
mosis. According to some, fungus hmmatodes. 
See Haematodes fungus. 
Telangiectasia Oculi, Cirsophthalmus. 
TELEPH'IUM, Ulcus telephium. The ancients 
gave this name to any ulcer of a very bad kind, 
and difficult to cure, because the wound, which TELLURISMUS 
Achilles inflicted on Telephus, degenerated into 
a similar ulcer. 
Telephium, Sedum telephium. 
TELLURISMUS, Magnetism, animal. 
TELUM, Penis. 
TEMPE, Temple. 
TEM'PERAMENT, Temperamen'turn, Temper- 
atu'ra, Tempera'tin, Tempe'ries ; originally from 
tempus, 'time,' the great temperer ; Complex'io, 
Crane, Eucra'sia. A name given to the remark- 
able differences that exist between individuals, in 
consequence of the variety of relations and pro- 
portions between the constituent parts of the 
body. Thus, of old, it was supposed that, ac- 
cording to the predominance of any one of the 
four humours then generally admitted,- blood, 
lymph, bile, and atrabilis or black bile,-the ma- 
nifestations of the functions were tempered or 
modified so as to give rise to a sanguine, lympha- 
tic, choleric, or atrabilious or melancholic predo- 
minance or temperament. The idea of the exist- 
ence of certain of these humours has been ba- 
nished ; yet the influence of some, as of the blood, 
lymph, and bile, is still admitted by many. Too 
much influence has, doubtless, been assigned to 
temperament in the sense in which it was for- 
merly and still is generally understood, although 
there can be no question that difference of orga- 
nization occasions a difference in the activity of 
organs. 
Temperament, Bilious, Choleric temperament. 
TEM'PERANCE, Sophros'yne, Nephal'iotes, 
Sobri'etas, Sobri'ety. Moderation, opposed to 
gluttony and drunkenness. The advantage of 
temperance, in a hygienic point of view, requires 
no comment. 
TEMPERANTS, Sedatives. 
TEMPERATIO, Temperament. 
TEMPERATURA, Temperament. 
TEMPERIES, Temperament. 
TEMPLE, Tempus, Re'gio Tempora'lis, Crot'- 
aphus, (F.) Tempe. A depression, on each side 
of the head, between the forehead and eye ante- 
riorly, and the ear posteriorly. The temples, dis- 
tinguished into right and left, correspond to the 
temporal fossa on each side. The word is said 
to be from the Latin tempus, ' time,' because in 
this part the hair first begins to turn white, and 
to indicate age. 
TEMPORAL, Tempora'lis. That which re- 
lates to the temples. 
Temporal Aponeuro'sis is a very strong apo- 
neurosis, of a bluish, shining colour, which is at- 
tached to the whole of the curved line of the 
temporal bone ; to the posterior edge of the malar 
bone; to the superior margin of the zygomatic 
arch; and forms an envelope for the temporal 
muscle. 
Temporal Arteries, Crot'aphite Arteries, are 
several: - 1. The Temporal Artery, properly so 
called, arises from the outer side of the superior 
part of the external carotid. It ascends between 
the ramus of the jaw, the meatus auditorius ex- 
ternus, and the parotid gland, which covers it as 
far as the zygomatic arch. Above this it becomes 
subcutaneous; and, when it has attained the 
middle of the temporal region, it divides into two 
branches ; the one anterior-A. tempora'lis fron- 
ta'lis seu inter'na seu ante'rior; the other poste- 
rior- the A. temporalis occipita'lis seu exter'na 
seu supe'rior. The temporal artery, before its 
division, gives off, 1. Branches to the parotid; to 
the joint of the lower jaw; to the meatus audi- 
torius, and to the masseter. 2. The transverse 
artery of the face. 3. The middle temporal, which 
arises beneath the cheek-bone, and traverses the 
temporal aponeurosis, immediately beneath that 
bone II. The Deep-seated Tem'porals. A. tern- 
846 
TEMP ORO 
pora'les profun'da. These are two in number. 
They arise from the internal maxillary, and have 
been distinguished, from their position, into an- 
terior and posterior. They send their principal 
divisions to the temporal muscle. 
Temporal Bone, Os tem'poris sen tempora'll 
seu arcua'le seu arma'le seu parieta'le inferius 
seu crotaphit'icum seu memen'to niori seu mendo'- 
sum seu crot'aphus, is seated at the lateral and 
inferior part of the cranium, of which it forms 
part; and contains, within it, the special organs 
of audition. It is usually divided into three 
portions :-1. The squamous, Pars squamo'sa, Os 
lepido'i'des seu squamo'sum seu squamifor'me, (F.) 
Portion ecailleuse ou squameuse. 2. The mastoid 
portion, and, 3. The Petrous portion, Petrous 
Proc"ess, Pars petro'sa, Pyr'amis trigo'na, Os 
lapideum seu lapido'sum seu saxeum seu petro'sum 
seu litho'ides seu durum seu pra.rupta rupi assi- 
mila'tum seu nervale, Pars pyramidalis ossis tem- 
pori, (F.) Portion pierreuse, Pocher, Os petreux, 
Apophyse pyramidale, A. peti ee. 
It has, first, an auricular or external face, on 
which is a surface that makes part of the tempo- 
ral fossa ; the zygomatic process ; the glenoid ca- 
vity ; the fissure of Glaser; the meatus audi- 
torius externus ; the mastoid process ; the digas- 
tric groove; the canalis caroticus ; the jugular 
fossa; the styloid process ; the stylo-mastoid fo- 
ramen, &e. 2. A cerebral or internal surface, 
which corresponds to the cavity of the cranium, 
and on which is the Pars petrosa, the hiatus Fal- 
lopii, the meatus auditorial internal, the fissure 
of the aquaductus vestibuli, a portion of the gut- 
ter for the lateral sinus, &c. 3. A circumference, 
on which is observed the orifice of the bony por- 
tion of the Eustachian tube and the acquaductus 
cochlea, &e. The temporal bone is articulated 
with the sphenoid, occipital, parietal, malar, and 
inferior maxillary bones. It is developed from 
five points of ossification. 
Temporal Fossa is an excavation, observed 
at each side of the head. It is filled by the mus- 
cle whose name it bears, and is formed by the 
temporal and sphenoid, below; by the parietal 
and frontal bones, above; is separated, by a 
transverse crista, from the zygomatic fossa; and 
completed, before, by the cheek-bone. 
Temporal Muscle, Tempora'lis, Crotaphi'tes, 
(F.) Arcadi-temporo maxillaire, Temporo-maxil- 
laire (Ch.), is a broad, flattened, triangular mus- 
cle, which fills the temporal fossa. Its fibres are 
attached to the temporal aponeurosis and fossa; 
and all converge into a strong tendon, which 
passes under the zygomatic arch, and is inserted 
into the coronoid process of the lower jaw. This 
muscle raises the lower jaw, and applies the teeth 
against each other. 
Temporal Nerves. These are distinguished 
into the superficial temporal, furnished by the 
inferior maxillary branch of the fifth pair, behind 
the condyle of the jaw ; and the temporales pro- 
fundi,- anterior and posterior,-furnished by 
the same nerve, at its exit from the cranium. 
Sommering has given the name temporal to the 
divisions sent by the facial nerve to the temporal 
regions. 
Temporal Veins were formerly called JEVoi 
or Aetoi Phlebes, Aq'uila Vena. 
TEMPORO-AURICULAIRE, Attollens au- 
rem. 
TEM'PORO-FA'CIAL, Tem'poro-facia'lis. Be- 
longing to the temple and face. 
Temporo-facial Nerve, Nervus temporo-faci- 
a'lis. A branch of the facial nerve distributed 
to the face and temple. 
TEMP ORO-M AXILLAIR E, Temporal 
muscle. TEMPORO 
TEMPORO-MAX'ILLARY, Tern'poro-maxil- 
la'ris. That which belongs to the temporal bone 
and lower jaw. 
Temporo-maxillary Articulation or joint 
of the lower jaw, is seated between the glenoid 
cavity and transverse process of the temporal 
bone on the one hand, and the condyle of the 
lower jaw on the other. Two thin cartilages 
cover the surfaces of these bones. The one is 
common to the transverse process and the por- 
tion of the glenoid cavity, anterior to the fissure 
of Glaser; the other belongs to the condyle. 
This articulation is furnished with an inter-arti- 
cular fibro-cartilage, two synovial capsules, and 
two lateral ligaments : - the one internal, and 
the other external. 
Temporo-maxillary Nerves of Bichat are 
the divisions of the facial nerve, distributed to 
the temporal and maxillary regions. 
TEMPUS, Temple - t. Intercalare, Apyrexia, 
Intermissiorf. 
TEMULENCE, Temulentia. 
TEMULEN'TIA, Ebri'etas, Ebrios'itas, Me- 
thys'mus, Tem'ulence, Tem'ulency, Inebria'tion, 
Intoxica'tion, Drunk'enness:-from wine, (Eno- 
phlyg"ia, (Enophlyx'is, Vinolen'tia, Vi'nolence, 
(F.) Ivresse. Plater gave this name to delirium; 
Ettmuller, to an apoplectic condition, depending 
upon drunkenness; the Apoplex'ia Temulen'ta 
or dead drunkenness. Commonly, Temulentia is 
used synonymously with drunkenness, Methe ; 
and is often employed in the description of dis- 
eases to indicate a state resembling drunkenness. 
Mania e Timulentia is the same as Delirium Tre- 
mens. 
TENACULA, Bone-nippers - t. Volsella, For- 
ceps (lithotomy). 
TENAC'ULUM, from teneo, 'I hold.' A kind 
of fine hook attached to a handle which is thrust 
through the parietes of a blood vessel to draw it 
out and enable it to be tied. 
Tenaculum, Assalini's. An ingenious instru- 
ment, invented by Assalini. It consists of a for- 
ceps, or double tenaculum, the points of which 
are fine, sharp, and bifurcated, so as to be readily 
received into each other when the instrument is 
closed on the artery, which it is by a spring. It 
is of great use when the surgeon has no assistant 
at hand. The instrument is figured in S. Coop- 
er's " First Lines." 
TENAILLE INCISIVE, Bone-nippers. 
TENASMUS, Tenesmus. 
TENDON, Tendo, Pronerva'tio, from reivw, 'I 
stretch.' Tenon, a Sinew. A fibrous cord, more 
or less round, long, or flattened; of a white, pearl 
colour, and composed of very close parallel fibres. 
The tendons are attached to the bones, by one 
extremity; by the other, they receive the inser- 
tions of the fleshy fibres: sometimes they afford 
attachment to fleshy fibres at both ends;-as in 
the digastric muscle. The tendons must be con- 
sidered as so many cords, for transmitting the 
motion of muscles to the bones or levers. 
TENDON D' ACHILLE, Achillis tendo. 
Tendon, Cordiform, of the Diaphragm, Cen- 
tre, phrenic. 
TENDONS, TWITCHING OF THE, Sub- 
sultus tendinum. 
Tenotomy. 
TENESME, Tenesmus - t. de T(Esophage, 
(Esophagismus - t. Vesical, Bradysuria. 
TE>ES'MUS, Temes'mos, Tenas'mus, from 
ruv«>, 'I stretch.' Proc'tica Tenesmus, Procto- 
tpas'mus, Obstipa'tio Tenesmus, Tinag'mus, (F.) 
Tfnesme, Epreintes. Frequent, vain, and painful 
desires to go to stool; - one of the chief symp- 
847 
TENT 
toms of inflammation of the lining membrane of 
the digestive tube, as of dysentery. 
Tenesmus Vesica:, Bradysuria - t. Vesic® 
mueosus, Cystirrhoea. 
TE'NETTES, Forceps (craniotomy). 
TENIA, Taenia. 
TENNESSEE', MINERAL WATERS OF. 
On the waters of the French Broad River, in this 
state, is a large, clear, thermal spring. The heat 
is so great that, on first going into the water, it 
is almost insupportable. 
TENON, Tendon. 
TENONT'AGRA, from revurv, 'tendon,' and 
aypa, ' seizure.' A variety of gout, which affects 
the tendinous parts of muscles, or the tendinous 
ligaments which strengthen certain articulations. 
TENONTOTOMIA, Tenotomy. 
TENONTOTRO'TI, from revwv, 'tendon,' and 
nrpwo-Kw, ' I wound.' They who are wounded in 
the tendons. - Galen. 
TENOT'OMY, Tenotom'ia, Teneotom'ia, Te- 
nontom' ta, Sec'tio seu Disgec'tio ten'dinum, from 
ret/atv, 'a tendon,' and ropr/, incision.' The ope- 
ration of dividing a tendon, often practised for 
the removal of loxarthrus, or deviation of the 
joints - as in club-foot. 
TENS EUR DE L'APONEVROSE FEMO- 
RAL E, Fascia lata muscle. 
T E N' S10 N, Ten'eio, Tengu'ra, Taeig, Diat'- 
agis, Entonia, (Enton'ia is, also, used for over- 
tension,) Conten'eio, Disten'gio, from tendere, 'to 
stretch.' State of a part, which is stretched, 
when its textures are distended by the afflux 
of fluids, or the accumulation of gas; or when 
its fibres are drawn, as it were, in an opposite 
direction, and are, consequently, more resisting 
than usual. 
TENSOR CHOROIDEjE, Ciliary muscle - t. 
Palati, Circumflexus musculus. 
Tensor Tarsi. A small muscle, belonging to 
the inner commissure of the eyelids, well de- 
scribed by Professor Horner, of Philadelphia, and 
hence termed Muecle of Horner. It is about three 
lines broad and six long; arises from the poste- 
rior flat surface of the os unguis, near its junction 
with the ethmoid bone, and passes forwards and 
outwards, lying on the posterior face of the lach- 
rymal duets. As it approaches the commissure 
of the lids, it splits into two nearly equal parts, 
each of which is appropriated to a duct, and in- 
serted along its course, almost to tho punctum 
lacrymale. Its chief office seems to be, to influ- 
ence the position of the puncta lacrymale, and 
to regulate the course of the tears through the 
lachrymal ducts. 
Tensor Tym'pani, Inter'nug Aurie, Internus 
Mal'lei, (F.) Salpingo-mallAen. A small muscle, 
which arises from the petrous portion of the tem- 
poral bone, and the cartilage of the Eustachian 
tube, and terminates by a tendon, which is re- 
flected over the processus cochleaformis, and is 
inserted into the apophysis of the handle of the 
malleus. 
Tensor A agina: Femoris, Fascia lata muscle. 
TENSURA, Tension. 
TENSUS, Penis. 
TENT, Tenta, Turun'da, and its diminutive, 
Turun'dula, Penic'ulut, Penicil'lug, Penicil'lum, 
Motog, Letnnig'cug, (F.) Tente, Meche, from ten- 
tare, 'to try or explore.' In surgery, tents are 
small rolls of lint, of a cylindrical or pyramidal 
shape, which are introduced into wounds and 
deep ulcers, to prevent them from closing before 
they are filled up from the bottom. Tents are 
sometimes, also, made of prepared sponge, gen- 
tian root, Ac. They are not so much used as 
they formerly were. TENTACULARIA 
TENT AC UL ARI A, Filaria hominisbronchialis. 
TENTACULUM CEREBELLI, Tentorium. 
TENTA'MEN MED'ICUM. * A medical trial.' 
An examination in medicine, in the Prussian 
universities, which is conducted both in writing 
and viva voce before the Dean of the Medical 
Faculty. 
TENTE, Tent - t. du Cervelet, Tentorium. 
TENTIGO VENEREA, Nymphomania - t. 
Veretri, Satyriasis. 
TENTIPEL'LUM, from tendo, 'I stretch,' and 
pellis, ' the skin.' Ancient name of a cosmetic, 
with which, it was pretended, wrinkles could be 
effaced. 
TENTO'RIUM, T. cerebel'lo super-exten'sum, 
T. cerebelli, Tentac'ulum cerebelli, Septum trans- 
verse (Ch.), Transverse septum, Septum enceph'ali, 
Intersep'ta horizonta'lia Pacchio'ni, Proces'sus 
transver'sus dura matris, Lateral Processes of the 
Dura Mater, Diaphrag'ma cer'ebri, (F.) Tente du 
cervelet, Plancher du Cerveau, from tenders, ten- 
turn, ' to stretch.' A process of the dura mater, 
which separates the cerebrum from the cerebel- 
lum. It extends from the internal horizontal 
spine of the occipital bone, directly forwards to 
the sella Turcica of the sphenoid. 
Tentorium Cerebelli, Tentorium. 
TENTUM, Penis. 
TENTWORT, Asplenium ruta muraria. 
TENUIS MATER. Pia mater. 
TENUITAS AQUOSA, Predominium aquae. 
TEP1IR0SIA VIRGINIANA, Galega Virgi- 
nian a. 
TEPIDARIUM, see Stove. 
TEPLITZ, Toplitz. 
TERAS, Monster. 
TERATOG"ENY, Teratogen'ia, from rrpar, 
rtparos, 'a monster,' and yavzais, 'generation.' 
The formation of monsters. 
TERATOL'OGY, Teratolog"ia, from rcpas, rcp- 
aros, 'a monster,' and Aayoy, 'a discourse.' A 
description, or the doctrine of monsters. 
TERATOSIS, see Monster. 
TERCERON, see Mulatto - t. Black, see Mu- 
latto. 
TEREBELLA, Trepan. 
TE RE II ENT HINE, Terebinthina-t. de Bor- 
deaux, see Pinus sylvestris - t. de Ohio, see Pis- 
tacia terebinthus-t. de Copahu, Cppaiba-t. Com- 
mune, see Pinus sylvestris-t. d'Egypte, see Amy- 
ris opobalsamum-t. de GiUad, see Amyris opo- 
balsamum - t. du Grand Caire, see Amyris opo- 
balsamum-t. deJudee, see Amyris opobalsamum 
-t. de Mellze, see Pinus larix. 
TEREBIN'THINA, from rrpp<v5of, or rtpe[3iv- 
8o?, ' the turpentine tree.' Tur'pentine, Botin, 
Albotim, Altilibat, Brutino, (F.) Tlrtbenthine. A 
substance, of the consistence of honey, which 
flows from many trees of the terebinthace® and 
coniferae families. It is viscid; shining; more 
or less transparent; inflammable; of a warm, 
pungent taste; strong smell; and is entirely 
composed of resin and essential oil, without ben- 
zoic acid. It is soluble in alcohol. See Turpen- 
tine, Pinus palustris and Pinus sylvestris. All 
the turpentines are stimulant, diuretic, and ca- 
thartic. 
Terebinthina Argentoratensis, see Pinus 
picea--t. Balsamea, see Pinus balsamea-t. Ca- 
nadensis, see Pinus balsamea-t. Chia, see Pis- 
tacia terebinthus - t. Communis, see Pinus syl- 
vestris - t. Cypria, see Pistacia terebinthus - t. 
Empyreumatica, see Pinus sylvestris-t. Larici- 
na, see Pinus larix-t. Veneta, see Pinus larix- 
t. Vera, see Pistacia terebinthus-t. Vulgaris, see 
Pinus sylvestris - t. de Venise, see Pinus larix. 
848 
TERRA 
TEREBINTHUS, Terminthus-t. Gummifera, 
Bursera gummifera - t. Lentiscus, Pistacia len- 
tiscus- t. Vulgaris, Pistacia terebinthus. 
TEREBRA, Trepan. 
TEREBRATIO, Trepanning. 
TEREDO OSSIUM, Caries, Spina ventosa. 
TER.ES, Stron'gylus, Cylindroi'des, ' long and 
round.' An epithet given to many organs, the 
fibres of -which are collected into round fasciculi. 
Teres Ligamen'tum, (F.) Ligament rond. 
This name is given to the round ligament in the 
cotyloid cavity of the os innominatum, which 
is attached to the head of the bone, and to the 
bottom of the cavity. It is, also, given to a 
small fibrous fascia, which extends from the co- 
ronoid process of the ulna to below the bicipital 
tubercle of the radius. 
Teres Major, (F.) Anguli-scapulo-humtral, 
Scapulo-humtral (Ch.), Grand rond, is situate at 
the inferior and posterior part of the shoulder. 
It is attached, on the one hand, to the outer sur- 
face of the scapula; to the corresponding part of 
its axillary margin ; and, on the other, to the 
posterior margin of the bicipital groove of the 
humerus. It carries the arm backwards and 
inwards, and carries it, also, inwards in rotation. 
When it acts with the longissimus dorsi and pec- 
toralis major, it applies the arm against the late- 
ral part of the chest, and keeps it forcibly there. 
Teres Minor, (F.) Le plus petit sus-scapxdo- 
trochiterien, (Ch.) Petit rond, Margini-sus-sca- 
pido-trochitirien, Nonus hu'meri Placenti'ni, is 
situate at the posterior and inferior part of the 
shoulder; it is narrow and flattened, from above 
to below, in its inner half; and, from before to 
behind, in the outer. It is attached, on the one 
part, to the outer surface of the scapula, near its 
inferior angle; and, on the other, to the inferior 
part of the great tuberosity of the humerus. It 
depresses the arm, and causes it to turn on its 
axis from within outwards. It also carries it 
backwards. 
TERESIS, Observation. 
TERETRIUM, Trepan. 
TERETRON, Trepan. 
TERGAL, Dorsal. 
TERGEMINI, Trigemini. 
TERGUM, Dorsum, Vertebral column. 
TERMINALIA, see Myrobalanus. 
TERMINOLOGY, Nomenclature. 
TERMIN'TIIUS, Terebin'thus, from rtp/.tviof, 
'the turpentine tree.' Phyma Anthrax, Termin- 
thus, Perry or Fungous carbuncle. The ancients 
gave this name to a tumour, surmounted by a 
black pustule, and resembling the fruit of the 
turpentine tree. 
Terminthus, Pistacia terebinthus. 
TERMINUS SUPERIOR ASPER2E ARTE- 
RIAL, Larynx. 
TERMONOLOGY, Nomenclature. 
TERMS, Menses. 
TERRA ABSORBENS MINERALIS, Magne- 
sia carbonas-t. Aluminis, Argilla pura-t. Ama- 
ra aerata, Magnesia carbonas-t. Amara sulphu- 
rica, Magnesia sulphas-t. Bolaris, Argilla pura 
-t. Foliata, Sulphur-t. Foliata inineralis, Soda 
acetata - t. Foliata tartari, Potassa aeetas - t, 
Fornacum, see Bricks - t. Fullonica, Cimolia 
purpurescens-t. Japonica, Catechu, Nauclea 
gambir. 
Terra Lem'nia, Argilla bolus flava, Lem'nian 
Earth, Lemp'nias. A name given by the ancients 
to a solid, reddish, astringent, substance, pre- 
pared with the pulp of the fruit of the Baobab, 
an African tree, according to Prosper Alpinus. 
It seems, however, to be an argillaceous earth. It 
has been employed as an astringent. TERRAPIN 
Terra Livon'ica. A terra sigilla'ta or sealed 
larth from Livonia, redder than that from Silesia, 
And very astringent. 
Terra Merita, Curcuma longa. 
Terra Noceria'na. A whitish, soft, and as- 
tringent earth, found in the environs of Nocera, 
in Italy. 
Terra Orlea'na, Pigmen'tum urucu, Urucu, 
(F.) Rocou, Roucou, Bichet. A pigmental matter 
obtained from the seeds of Bixa Orleana seu 
Orella'na seu America'na, Orella'na, Orlea'na. 
In Jamaica, it is recommended in dysentery, and 
is considered to possess astringent and stomachic 
qualities. It is called, according to its shape, 
Flag, Roll, or Egg Annotto. 
Spanish Annotto, Bixa, is in small, oblong 
rakes. It is chiefly employed as a colouring 
matter. 
Terra Os'sea, Mate'ria ossea. Bony matter. 
The earthy portion of bones. 
Terra Ponderosa, Baryta-t. Ponderosa mti- 
riata, Baryta, muriate of-t. Ponderosa salita, 
Baryta, muriate of-t. Saponaria, Cimolia pur- 
purescens. 
Terra Portugal'lica, Barros, Bucaros. A 
reddish, astringent, styptic earth, obtained from 
Portugal. 
Terra Sigilla'ta, Sealed Earth. A bole or 
earthy matter, made into little cakes or flat 
masses, and stamped with certain impressions, 
as with the head of the Grand Seignior. To 
these belong the Terra Sileniaca, Terra Le.mnia, 
T. Turcica. See Bolus alba. 
Terra Silesiaca, see Terra sigillata-t. Tal- 
cosa oxyanthracodes, Magnesiao carbonas - t. 
Turcica, see Terra sigillata. 
Terra Uri'nas. The earthy deposit in the 
urine. 
Terra Vitrioli Dulcis, Colcothar. 
TERRAPIN, Emys palustris. 
TERRE BOLAIRE, Bolus-t. Noix, Bunium 
bulbocastanum - t.Pesante, Baryta - t. Sigillee, 
Bolus alba. 
TERRETTE, Glechoma hederacea. 
TERTIAN FEVER, Febris tertia'na, An'etus 
tertianus, Trita'us, Tertian Ague, (F.) Fiivre 
tierce. An intermittent, whose paroxyms recur 
every third day, or every 48 hours. The mildest, 
and the most pernicious, intermittent# belong to 
this head. As a general rule, it is the most ma- 
nageable form of ague. 
TERTIANARIA, Scutellaria galericulata. 
TESSARA, Cuboid. 
TESSELLA, Tabella. 
TEST, DANIEL'S, see Docimasia pulmonum 
- t. Hydrostatic, see Docimasia pulmonum - t. 
Ploucquet's, see Docimasia pulmonum-t. Static, 
see Docimasia pulmonum. 
TESTA, see Ostrea. 
TestaPrapara'ta, Prepared Oyster-shell. 
Oyster-shell, freed from extraneous matter,washed 
with boiling water, reduced to powder, and pre- 
pared in the same manner as Creta prteparata. 
TESTA'CEOUS, from testa, 'a shell.' A pow- 
der, consisting of burnt shells. These contain 
carbonate of lime chiefly, and hence the term 
has been applied to cretaceous substances. See 
Creta. 
TESTAS F0RNACEA1, Bricks-t. Ostrere, see 
Ostrea. 
TESTES. The Testicles. Vulgarly, the Stones. 
A name, also, given to the inferior tubercles of 
the corpora quadrigemina, to distinguish them 
from the superior, called Nates. 
Testes Cerebri, see Quadrigemina corpora. 
TES'TICLE, Testis, T. viri'hs, Testic'ulus, 
Orchis, Pnmtim amo'ris, Did'ymus, Her'nia, Gem'- 
ini (pl.). Gemelli (pl.), Ovum, (F.) Testicule, from 
849 
TETANUS 
- 
tenth, 'a witness;' because the testicles are evs- 
dences of virility. The name of two glandular 
organs, contained in the scrotum, whose office is 
to secrete sperm. The substance of the testicle 
consists of numerous conical, flattened lobules - 
lob'uli testis - whose bases are directed towards 
the surface of the organ, and the apices towards 
the corpus Highmorianum. They are formed of 
a gray and softish substance, composed of tor- 
tuous canals, called Tu'buli seminif'eri vel Vasa 
semina'lia, folded on each other, and of extreme 
fineness; the number of which, according to the 
estimate of Monro, is 62,500, and the total length 
5,208 feet. All these canals, uniting in their 
course, pass through the corpus Highmorianum, 
concur in forming the epididymis, and give origin 
to the vas deferens. The testicles are covered, 
immediately, by a fibrous membrane, of an opake 
white colour, and very tough, called Tu'mca Al- 
bugin'ea, or, simply, Albugin'ea, Perites'tis, of 
which the corpus Highmorianum is only an en- 
largement. Over this, again, is the tunica vagi- 
nalis, the second envelope of the testis. 
Testicle, Swelled, Hernia humoralis. 
TESTICONDUS, Crvpsorchis. 
TESTICULE, Testicle. 
TESTICULUS, Testicle - t. Accessorius, Epi- 
didvmis - t. Caninus, Orchis mascula. 
TESTIMO'NIUM MATURITA'TIS. 'Evi- 
dence of fitness.' A certificate of complete edu- 
cation, required, in the Prussian universities, of a 
candidate, before he can be admitted to examina- 
tion for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
TESTIS FEMINEUS, Ovary - t. Irritable, 
Orchidalgia - t. Minor, Prostate - t. Muliebris, 
Ovarv - t. Virilis, Testiclo. 
TESTUDINATIO CRANII, Camarosis. 
TESTU'DO, Chelo'ne, (F.) Tbrtwe. A genus 
of reptiles, including the turtle, the flesh of which 
is much esteemed as an article of diet 
Also, an encysted tumour, which has been sup- 
posed to resemble the shell of a turtle; Emphy'- 
tna encys'tis gang'lion. See Talpa. 
Testudo Cerebri, Fornix - t. Scapulae, see 
Scapula. 
TETAN'IC, Tetan'ieum, Spas'ticum, Convulsi'- 
vum, Convul'sive, from rcivu, ' I stretch.' A re- 
medy, which acts on the nerves, and, through 
them, on the muscles, occasioning, in large doses, 
convulsions. The chief agents of this class are 
Nuv Vomica, Strychnia, Brucia, Arnica, and 
Toxicodendron. 
Also, an epithet for a tonic convulsion. 
TETANOMATA, Tetanothra. 
TETANO'THRA, Tetanom'ata, Erugato'ria, 
from rcravos, ' free from wrinkles.' Medicines 
which remove Wrinkles. - Gorrteus. 
TETANOS, Tetanus. 
TET'ANUS, from rtivis, 'I stretch.' Spasm 
with rigidity, Convul'sio In'dica, Holoton'ia, Ho- 
loton'i cun, Holotet'anus, Tet'anus umrersa'lis, Bi- 
gor nervo'sus seu nervo'runi, Exten'sio seu Dis- 
ten'sio, Enta'sia tetanus, Cat'ochus cervi'mis, Cat- 
ochus holoton'icus, (F.) Tetanos. A disease which 
consists in a permanent contraction of all the 
muscles or merely of some, without alternations 
of relaxation. It is characterized by closure of 
the jaws; difficulty or impracticability of deglu- 
tition; rigidity and immobility of the limbs and 
trunk, which is sometimes curved forwards (Em- 
prosthot'onos), sometimes backwards (Opisthot'- 
onos), and sometimes to one side (Pleurothot'o- 
nos). When tetanus is confined to the muscles 
of the jaws, it is called Trismus. It is a most 
formidable affection. The means of treatment 
are: -copious and repeated blood-let'ing; bath- 
ing, cold and warm; powerful dos\- of opium, TETARTJEUS 
and other narcotics. In Traumat'ic Tetanus, or 
that which supervenes on a wound, every extra- 
neous matter must, of course, be removed from 
the wound, and soothing applications be made 
to it. 
Tetanus Anticus, Emprosthotonos - t. Dolo- 
rificus, Cramp - t. Dorsalis, Opisthotonos - t. 
Lateralis, Pleurothotonos - t. Maxillae inferioris, 
Trismus - t. Posterganeus, Opisthotonos - t. 
Posticus, Opisthotonos - t. Universalis, see Te- 
tanus. 
TETARTJEUS, Quartan. 
TETARTOPHI'A, from reraprop, 'the fourth,' 
and <pva>, 'I arise.' Quarta'nus remit'tens. A 
quartan, in which the intermission is inordinately 
short or imperfect. 
TETE, Caput, Head - t. de Veau, Elephanti- 
asis of the Greeks. 
TETRADRACH'MON, from rerpas, 'four,' and 
bpax/iq, ' a drachm.' A weight of four drachms 
or half an ounce. 
TETRAGONUS, Platysma myoides. 
TETRAHIT LONftIFLORUM, Galeop- 
sis grandiflora. 
TETRAMY'RON, from rerpaj, 'four,' and pv- 
pov, 'an ointment.' An ointment of four ingre- 
dients. - Galen. 
TETRANGURIA, Cucurbita citrullus. 
TETRANTHE'RA PICHU'RIM, Faba Pi- 
churim, F. Pechu'rei. The seeds of this Brazilian 
plant have been used in diarrhoea, dysentery, 
flatulent colic, <tc. Dose, 
TETRA'O COTUR'NIX, Coturnir, the Quail, 
(F.) Caille. The quail is an esteemed article of 
diet. The Grpek name is oprvf; and the places, 
called Ortygia, are named after it. The excre- 
ments of the quail were formerly extolled in epi- 
lepsy, and the fat in specks of the eye. 
TETRAPHAR'MACUM, from rtrpa?, 'four,' 
and (bap/iaKov, 'a medicine.' A medicine consist- 
ing of four ingredients. 
TETRAS'CELUS,from rerpa, 'four,' anda«Aof, 
'leg.' A monster having four legs. - Gurlt. 
TETROB'OLON. The weight of four oboli, 
or two scruples.- Gorrasus. 
TETROROS, Astragalus. 
TETTER. Herpes - t. Crusted, Impetigo - t. 
Honeycomb, Porrigo favosa-t. Humid, Eczema 
impetigo - t. Milky, Porrigo larvalis - t. Pustu- 
lar, Impetigo - t. Running, Impetigo - t. Scaly, 
Psoriasis. 
TETTERWORT, Chelidonium majus. 
TEUCRIUM AEGYPTIACUM, T. capitatum 
-t. Belium, T. capitatum. 
Teucrium Capita'tum, Poley Mountain of 
Montpel'lier, T. Bel'inm seu xEgypti'acum, Po'- 
lium Capita'tum, is, generally, substituted for the 
last. The c< mmon Poley Mountain is the Teu- 
crium monta'nwn; and the Golden Poley Moun- 
tain, the Teucrium Po'lium, Po'lion. 
Teu'crium T. officina'le, Cha- 
meedrys, C. minor repens, C. vulga'rit, Quer'cula 
•minor seu Calamandri'na, Triasa'go, Chama'- 
drops, Trixa'go, Common German'der, Creeping 
Germander,Small Germander,English Treacle, (F.) 
Petit chene. Germandree officinale. Family, Labi- 
atae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymnospermia. This 
is possessed of aromatic and bitter properties. 
The dose of the dried powder is from to Xj. 
Teucrium Chama?p'itys, Chamapitys, Arthet'- 
iea, Arthretica, Aju'ga, A. Chameep'itys, Bu'gula 
Chamce'pitys, Abiga, Chamcemo'rus, Tea arthrit'- 
iea, Holoc'yron, lo'nia, Sideri'tis, CommonGround- 
]>ine, (F.) Petite hette. Properties like the last. 
The tops or leaves have been recommended as 
850 
THALAMUS 
aperients and tonics; especially in female ob- 
structions, and in paralytic disorders. 
Teucrium Cret'icum, T. hyssop if o'Hum seu 
Hosmarinifo'lium, Iir>smari' nus stop.'chadis facie, 
Poley-mouiitain of Candy, Po'lium Cret'icum. 
The tops and whole herb enter into the old com- 
pounds, Mithridate and Theriaca. It has a mo- 
derately aromatic smell; and a nauseous, bitter 
taste, and is placed among the aperients and cor- 
roborants. 
Teucrium Flavum has similar properties to 
T. chameedrys. 
Teucrium IIyssopifolium, T. Creticum. 
Teucrium Iva, Chamce'pitys moscha'ta, Iva 
moscha'ta Monspelien'slum, Iva, Chumapitys an- 
thyl'lus, French Groundpine, (F.) Ivette musqule. 
It has similar virtues to T. Chamaepitys, but is 
weaker. 
Teucrium Maritimum, T. Marum. 
Teucrium Marum, T. marit'imum, Marum Sy- 
riacum, Marum Cret'icum, Majora'na Syriaca, 
Marum veruni, M. Cortu'si, Chama'drys inca'na 
marit'ima seu marum, Marum germander, Syrian 
herb mastich, Cat thyme, Orig'anum Syriacum, 
(F.) Marum ou Germandrte maritime, Herbe aux 
chats. A very aromatic plant, of a camphorated 
smell; formerly much used in medicine as a tonic, 
antispasmodic, emmenagogue, Ac. 
Teucrium Officinale, T. chamsedrys-t. Pa- 
lustre, T. scordium - t. Pyramidale, Ajuga - t. 
Rosmarinifolium, T. Creticum. 
Teucrium Scor'dium, T. pains'tre, Water Ger- 
mander, Scordium, Trissa'go pains' tris, Chamce- 
drys palustris seu scor'dium, Al'lium red'olens, 
(F.) Germandrte Scorodone, Sauge des bois, Ger- 
mandree aquatique. The leaves have a garlicky 
smell, and bitterish, slightly pungent taste. It 
has the tonic properties of the other Teucria. 
TEXTUM INTERLOBULARE, Interlobular 
tissue. 
TEXTURA, Texture - t. Organica, Ilistos. 
TEX'TURAL. Same etymon as Texture. Re- 
lating or appertaining to a texture. 
TEXTURE, Textu'ra, Textus, from texere, tex- 
tum, 'to weave.' Tela, Hypha, Hyphe. The par- 
ticular arrangement of the tissues that constitute 
an organ. 
TEXTUS, Texture, Tissue-t. Cellulosus, Cellu- 
lar tissue-t. Desmosus, Desmoid tissue-t. Ner- 
vorum, Plexus nervorum - t. Organicus, Cellular 
tissue-t. Papillaris, Corpus papillare-t. Paren- 
chymalis, Cellular tissue. 
TH2ERIA, Radzyge. 
THAL'AMUS, (F.) Couche. 'A room 
or chamber; a bed.' The place at which a nerve 
originates, or has been considered to originate. 
Thal'ami Nervo'rum Optico'rum seu Op'tici, 
Eminen'tice magnce cer'ebri, Ganglia cerebri pos- 
ti'ca, Crura medulla oblonga'tce (of some), Stri- 
a'ta cor'pora snper'na posterio'ra, Collic'uli ner- 
vo'rum optico'rum, Optic thal'ami, Posterior cer'- 
ebral gan'glion, (F.) Couches des nerfs octdaires, 
(Ch.) Couches des nerfs optiques, Couches optiques. 
Two rounded and irregular surfaces, which are 
seen exposed in the lateral ventricles of the brain, 
and in the third ventricle, the inferior surface of 
which presents two projections, called Corpora 
genicula'ta, that furnish several filaments to the 
optic nerves. The name was given from a belief 
that the optic nerves originate from them. They, 
however, arise more posteriorly, and adhere merely 
to the inner margin of those bodies. Gall consi- 
ders, that the thalami act as ganglions to the 
nerves ; and, hence, he calls them Grand ganglion 
cerebral inferieur. They are, also, called Poste- 
rior ganglion of the cerebrum. From the thalami 
and corpora striata fibres proceed upwards to con- 
stitute the convolutions of the brain, and the THALICTRON 
various bands that connect the different parts of 
the brain together. The upper and inner parts 
of the thalami are so closely connected as to form 
one continued surface, called Commissu'ra mollis. 
The posterior parts turn downwards and out- 
wards ; after which they are elongated to form 
the two white cords, termed Tractus op'tici. 
Thalamus Regalis, Pericardium. 
THALIC'TRON, Thalictrum, T. magnum, seu 
flavum seu flares' cens seu praten'se seu ni'gricans 
seu rugo'sum seu vagina'turn, Meadow-rue, Poor 
Man's Rhubarb, Rhabar'barum pau'perum, (F.) 
Pigamon jaundtre, Rue des pris, Fausse-Rhu- 
barbe, Rhabarbe des pauvres. Family, Ranuncu- 
laceae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Polygynia. The 
root resembles rhubarb in its properties. 
THALIC'TRUM ANEMONOI'DES, Meadow 
Rue, Rue-leaved Anem'ony ; an indigenous plant, 
flowering in April and May. 
THAMARINDUS, Tamarindus. 
THANASIMUS, Mortal. 
THANATODES, Mortal. 
TIIAN'ATOID, Thanatoi'des ; from Qavarof, 
' death,' and ubos, ' resemblance.' Resembling 
death. Apparently dead. 
TIIANATOL'OGY, Thanatolog"ia, Thnesco- 
log"ia, from ffavaros, 'death,' and Xoyof, 'a dis- 
course.' A description, or the doctrine, of death. 
THANATOS, Death. 
THAP'SIA, from the island Thapsus. The 
deadly carrot, Thapsia ascle'pias. Family, Um- 
belliferae. Sex. Syst. Pentandria Digynia. The 
root operates violently, both upwards and down- 
wards. It is not used. 
THAPSUS BARBATUS, Verbascum nigrum. 
THARSI, see Tarsus. 
THASPIUM ATROPURPU'REUM, Th. cor- 
da'twn, Round heart. The flowers, which appear 
in June, are of a dark purple. 
Thas'pium Barbino'de, Meadow Parsnep. An 
indigenous plant, of the Northern and Western 
States,- Order, Umbelliferae,- which flowers in 
June. Flowers, yellow. 
Both plants have been esteemed vulnerary, 
antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic; and as antidotes 
to the bite of a rattlesnake. 
Thaspium Cordatum, Th. atropurpureum. 
THE, Thea-t. des Apalachee, Ilex vomitoria 
- t. de France, Salvia-t. d'Europe, Salvia vero- 
nica- t. de la Mer du sud, Ilex vomitoria-t. du 
Mexigue, Chenopodium ambrosioides - t. de Si- 
mon Pauli, Myrica gale - t. Suisse, Falltranck. 
THEA, Chaa, Tea, (F.) The. There are two 
principal species of tea-plant; the Thea Bohe'a, 
and Thea vir'idis; the black tea, and the green. 
Family, Hesperideae. Sex. Syst. Polyandria Mo- 
nogynia. In commerce, many kinds of tea are 
met with. Several of the differences between 
these appear to result from the age at which the 
leaves have been collected, and the mode of their 
desiccation. 
Tea-drinking was introduced into Europe about 
the year 1666; since which time its use has become 
almost universal; and, in spite of the assertions of 
medical terrorists, it is, except in particular idio- 
syncracies, entirely harmless. 
By an analogical transference, very common 
in language, the word Tea has been used almost 
synonymously with infusion, as Beef tea, Mint 
tea, <tc. 
Thea Germanica, Veronica. 
THEBE'SIUS, VEINS OF. A name given to 
supposititious branches of the coronary veins, 
which Christopher Adam Thebesius, a German 
anatomist, described as opening into the heart 
by small depressions observable in the right 
auricle; and which have been called F'orant'tna 
851 
THEORY 
Thebe'sii. No such veins can be demonstrated. 
The valve, at the orifice of the coronary vein, 
in the right ventricle, is called Valvula Thebe'sii, 
V. Guiffartia'na, V. vena magnce. 
THECA, Case, Vagina, Sheath - t. Cerebri, 
Cranium-t. Cordis, Pericardium-t. Vertebralis, 
see Vertebra] canal. 
THEION, Sulphur. 
THEIOPEGA3, Water, mineral (sulphureous.) 
THEIOTHERMyE, Waters, mineral, sulphu 
reous. 
THELASIS, Lactation. 
THELASMUS, Lactation. 
THELASTRIA, Nurse. 
THELE, Nipple, Papilla. 
THELI'TIS, from 6r)Xrj, 'the female nipple,' 
'the female breast,' and itis, denoting inflamma- 
tion. Inflammation of the nipple. 
THELON'CUS, Mastoncus. 
THELOS, Mamma. 
THELYGON'IA, from SpXoj, 'pertaining to 
the female sex,' and yovri, 'generation.' The part 
taken by the female in the act of generation. 
Also, nymphomania. 
THELYGONUM, Sperm (of the female.) 
T1IELYPTERIS, Pteris aquilina. 
THENAD, Thenal. 
THENAL, Thenar; same etymon as thenar. 
Relating or appertaining to the thenar. 
Thenal Aspect. An aspect towards the side 
on which the thenar is situated.-Barclay. The- 
nad is used, adverbially, by the same writer, to 
signify ' towards the thenal aspect.' 
THENAR, 3cvap, from 3ivd>, 'I strike.' The 
palm of the hand, or sole of the foot. 
Thenar, Flexor brevis pollicis manus, Palm. 
Thenar or Thenal Em'inence is the projec- 
tion at the anterior and outer part of the hand, 
formed by the abductor brevis, opponens, and 
flexor brevis pollicles. 
Thenar or Thenal Muscle. Riolan and 
Winslow give this name to the fleshy mass, 
formed of the abductor brevis, opponens pollicis 
and the anterior part of the flexor brevis pollicis 
In the foot, Winslow gives the name Thend 
muscle to the abductor and flexor brevis pollick 
pedis. 
THEOBROMA CACAO, Cacao. 
THEOMANIA, Demonomania. 
T1IE0PLEGIA, Apoplexy. 
THEOPLEXIA, Apoplexy. 
THEORETICAL, Theoret'icus, Theo'ricut., 
from Jcwpto, 'I contemplate.' (F.) Thioritiqw 
Thlorique. That which is confined to theory, o 
is connected with it. An epithet also applied t/> 
a sect of physicians, who founded their doctrino 
chieflv on reasoning. 
THEORIA, Theory. 
THEORIQUE, Theoretical. 
THE'ORY, Theo'ria, from Seu/rw, 'I contem- 
plate.' The speculative part of a science. The 
connexion established in the mind between a 
general fact, or the least possible number of gene- 
ral facts, and all the particular facts dependent 
thereon: for example, the motions of the heavenly 
bodies, and the most important natural pheno- 
mena are connected with a single fact, previously 
known by observation : viz. that the force of gra- 
vity acts inversely according to the square of the 
distance. This constitutes the theory of univer- 
sal gravitation. Theory must not be confoundea 
with system. Theory regards nature as it is, and 
is a rigid deduction from facts. System is too 
often the creature of the imagination, to which 
nature is made to bend. 
Theory of Medicine, Institutes of Medicine, 
Theoretical Medicine, is that part of the science THEI0THERM2E 
which attempts philosophically to account for 
the various phenomena that present themselves 
during health as well as in disease. It is the 
philosophy of Medicine. The Institutes of Medi- 
cine are generally considered to comprise Phy- 
siology and its applications to Pathology, Hy- 
giene, and Therapeutics. By some, it is con- 
sidered to include General Pathology and Gene- 
ral Therapeutics. 
THEIOTHERM2E, Waters, mineral, sulphu- 
reous. 
THERAPEIA, Curation, Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUSIS, Therapeutics. 
THERAPEUTA, Therapeutist. 
THERAPEUTICE, Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TICS, Therapeu'tice, Therapeu'- 
sia, Therapeu'sis, latrotech'nice, Practice of Phy- 
sic, Therapei'a, Therapi'a, Curato' ria Meth'odus, 
Methodus Meden'di, from dtpan-tvo), ' I wait upon, 
I alleviate, I attend upon the sick.' (F.) Thira- 
peutique. That part of medicine, the object of 
which is the treatment of disease. With others, 
the department which comprises an explanation 
of the modus operandi of medicines. 
THERAPEUTIQUE, Therapeutics. 
THERAPEU'TIST, Therapeu'ta. Same ety- 
mon. One who practises therapeutics. A prac- 
titioner of medicine. To be a good therapeutist, 
a man must be well versed in every department 
of medicine, and be capable of observing and rea- 
soning well. He may be a good observer, and 
yet a bad reasoner. He cannot practise well un- 
less he is both. Hence, the comparatively small 
number of good therapeutists. 
THERAPIA, Therapeutics. 
THERIA, Radzyge. 
THERIAC, Theriaca - t, of Antipater, Anti- 
patri theriaca. 
THERIACA, -The'riac, from $i?p, ' a 
ferocious or venomous animal,' and aKioyat, 'I 
cure.' Treacle. (F.) Thiriaque. A medicine, 
believed to be capable of curing or preventing 
the effects of the bite of a venomous animal. In 
this sense it is chiefly used by writers. Theriac 
and Theriacal have been used adjectively for 
medicinal. 
Theriaca Anbrom'achi, Venice Treacle, is an 
ancient alexipharmic electuary ; consisting of a 
farrago of 61 different ingredients, which pos- 
sessed the most opposite properties. It was in- 
vented by Andromachus of Crete, and prepared 
by order of Nero. It has received various modi- 
fications ; and, to the discredit of the Faculty de 
Medecine of Paris, has held its place in their 
Codex, with even an additional number of ingre- 
dients. The Electua'rium Opia'tum polyphar'- 
macum of the Codex has contained acid ingre- 
dients, 5; astringent, 5; bitter, 22; indigenous aro- 
matics, 10; umbelliferous aromatics, 7; balsams 
and resinous substances, 8; fetid ingredients, 6 ; 
narcotics, 1; earthy substances, 1; gummy or amy- 
laceous, 4; saccharine, 3; total 72! and one of 
these the flesh of the viper ! A little more than 
a grain of opium is contained in each drachm of 
the compound. 
Theriaca Celestis, Tinctura opii - t. Com- 
munis, Melasses - t. Edinensis, Confectio opii. 
Theriaca Germano'rum. An extract or rob, 
prepared from juniper berries. Used as a sto- 
machic. 
Theriaca Londinen'sis, Cataplasma Cymi'ni. 
A cataplasm of cumin seed, bay berries, german- 
der, snakeroot, cloves, honey, and sometimes opium, 
or syrup of poppies. 
Theriaca Rusticurum, Allium. 
TH ERTAQUE, Theriaca. 
JHERIAKI. In Turkey, opium-eaters, or they 
852 
THIRST 
who indulge largely in the use of opium, are so 
called. 
THERIATRICA, Veterinary art. 
THERIODES, Ferine. 
THERIO'MA, Therion, from 'a venomous 
animal.' Any extremely malignant ulcer. Some- 
times confined to ulcers of the lungs. 
THERION, Therioma. 
THERIOTOMY, Zootomy. 
THERMA, Heat-t. Emphytum, Animal heat 
THERMAE, ThePmata. Warm bath, 
or springs. See Waters (mineral.) 
Thermo FabarItE, Pfeffers Mineral Waters 
of-t. Piperinse, Pfeffers, Mineral Waters of-t. 
Plumbariae, PlombiSres, Mineral Waters of. 
THERMAL, Therma'Us; from -St/voy, ' heat,* 
' hot.' Relating or appertaining to heat- 
Hot, warm. As 'a thermal mineral water.' 
THERMANTICA, Calefacients. 
THERMASMA, Fomentation. 
THERMATA, Therm®. 
THERMUM EMPHYTUM, Animal heat, Bio- 
lychnium. 
THESIS, Otais, from n6r)/a, 'to place.' 'A 
position or proposition.' Disputa'tio, Inaug'wal 
Disserta'tion. The name usually given to the 
essay composed by a candidate for graduation in 
medicine, which he is at times required to defend 
publicly. Often, however, it is a mere form, 
giving useless labour and trouble to the student, 
inasmuch as it is executed as a task, and never 
afterwards regarded by the preceptor or by others. 
Sandifort, Haller, Smellie, and Stoll, have pub- 
lished collections of these. 
Also, a suffix denoting 'arrangement;' hence 
Diathesis. 
THEVE'TIA A'HOUAI, Ahouai. The kernels 
of the nut of this Brazilian tree are said to be a 
violent poison. At the Antilles, its nuts are 
called Noix de Serpent; and they are used against 
the bites of serpents. 
THIGH, Sax. tSeoh, Femur, Femen, Crus, ite- 
ms, ife'rium, (F.) Cuisse. The part of the lower 
limb which extends from the pelvis to the leg. 
The thigh is larger at its superior than inferior 
part, and has the form of an inverted and trun- 
cated cone, slightly depressed from within out- 
wards. Above, it is bounded, anteriorly, by the 
groin; externally, by the hip; behind, by the fold 
of the nates ; and within, by the perineal region. 
Below, it is bounded, anteriorly, by the promi- 
nence of the knee; posteriorly, by the ham. It 
is formed of a considerable number of muscles, 
blood-vessels, lymphatics, nerves, Ac.; and is 
covered by a strong aponeurosis. 
THIGHBONE, Femur-t. Neck of the, Collum 
femoris. 
THION, Sulphur. 
THIRST, Sax. «ypj-r, (D.) Dor st, Sitis, 
Dipsa, Potio'nis deside'rium, (F.) Soif. A simple 
desire or an absolute want for liquids. Physio- 
logists are not entirely agreed regarding the seat 
of thirst; some place it in the fauces; others in 
the stomach. Its immediate cause is not known. 
It has been attributed to a dry condition of the 
nervous papilla) of the pharynx, produced by 
suppression of the salivary and mucous secre- 
tions. This is probably true; but, again, it is 
owing to the wants of the system, - a supply of 
fluid being required to compensate the numerous 
losses that are constantly taking place. Thirst 
is an internal sensation, - an instinctive want - 
arising from organization, and inexplicable. It 
is an urgent symptom in many diseases, particu- 
larly in those of vascular excitement. <■ 
Thirst, Excessive, Polydipsia - t. Morbid 
Dipsosis. THIRSTY 
THIRSTY, Dipsodes. 
THISTLE, BLESSED, Centaurea benedicta 
- t. Cotton, Onopordium acanthium - t. Globe, 
Echinops - t. Holy, Centaurea benedicta-t. La- 
dies', Carduus Marianus-t. Milk, common, Car- 
duus Marianus - t. Pine, Atractylus guminifera 
- t. Sow, Sonchus oleraceus - t. Star, Centaurea 
calcitrapa - t. Yellow, Argemone Mexicana. 
THLADIAS, Eunuch 
THLASIAS, Eunuch. 
THLASIS, Contusion - t. Depressio, Depres- 
sion. 
THLASMA, Contusion-t. Concussio, Concus- 
sion- t. Stremma, Sprain. 
THLASPI, Pennyeress. Family, Crucifer®. 
Sex. Syst. Tetradynamia Siliculosa. Two species 
of thlaspi are directed, in some pharmacopoeias, 
for medical use:-the Thlaspi arven'se or Treacle 
mustard, and the Thlaspi campes'tre seu hirsu'tum 
seu vulga'tius, Lepid'ium campes'tre, Lep'ia cam- 
pen'tris, Ibe'ris campea'tris, Mith'ridate mustard. 
The pharmaceutical properties of both kinds re- 
semble those of common mustard. 
Thlaspi Bursa, Th. bursa'turn, Capsell'a bursa 
pasta'ris, Ibe'ris bursa pastoris, Nastur'tium bursa 
pastoris, Rodschie' dia bursa pasto'ris, Bursa pas- 
to'ris, (F.) Bourse d beryer, Bourse d pasteur, Ta- 
bouret, Shepherd's purse. A common European 
plant, introduced into this country. It is slightly 
astringent, but is little used. 
Thlaspi Bursatum, Thlaspi bursa - th. Na- 
sturtium, Lepidium sativum-th. Sativum, Lepi- 
dium sativum. 
THLIBIAS, Eunuch. 
THLIPSENCEPH'ALUS, from 'com- 
pression,' and cyKiipaXos, 'the encephalon.' A 
monster in ■whom the skull is open, not merely in 
the frontal and parietal, but also in the occipital 
regions - a distinct fontanelle not existing. 
THLIP'SIS, 3Xnpi{, Compres'sio. Compres- 
sion, and especially constriction of vessels by an 
xternal cause. Oppression. 
THNESCOLOGIA, Thanatology. 
THOLUS, Achicolum-t. Diocleus, Scapha. 
THOMPSO'NIAN. One who practises or be- 
lieves in Thompsonianism. 
THOMPSO'NIANISM, Thomp'sonism. A fan- 
ciful doctrine, of which a person of the name of 
Thompson, of New York, is the founder. One 
of its leading principles is, that the human body 
is composed of four elements (?), earth, air, fire 
and water; and one of its apothegms, - that 
metals and minerals are in the earth, and, being 
extracted from the depths of the earth, have a 
tendency to carry all down into the earth who 
use them; that the tendency of all vegetables is 
to spring up from the earth, and therefore to up- 
hold mankind from the grave. 
The Thompsonians are Botanic Physicians. 
THORACENTE'SIS, Paracente'sis Thora'cis, 
from Swpali, ' the thorax,' and Kcvrriais, ' perfora- 
tion.' Tapping the thorax. Perforation of the 
thorax. 
THORACHIQ UE, Thoracic. 
THORAC"IC, Thorac"icus, from thorax, 'the 
chest;' (F.) Thoracique ou Thorachique. That 
what relates or belongs to the chest; as Thoracic 
vis'cera, <tc. 
Thoracic Inferior Artery, Arte'ria Tho- 
rac"ica Exter'na Infe'rior vel Longa, A. mam- 
ma'ria externa, A. Thoracica inferior, (F.) Deux- 
ieme des Thoraciques (Ch.), arises from the axil- 
lary, a little below the preceding, and descends 
vertically over the lateral part of the thorax, and 
the serratus major anticus. It afterwards bends 
inwards ; becomes subcutaneous, and divides into 
several branches; which embrace the breast. It 
gives numerous ramifications to the pectoralis 
853 
THORACODIDYMUS 
- 
major, serratus anticus, intercostals, ganglions of 
the axilla, mamma, <fcc. 
Thoracic Superior Artery, Arte'ria Thora- 
cica Exter'na Superior, (F.) Artere thoracique su- 
perieure, Premiire des Thoraciques (Ch.), arises 
from the axillary artery or from the acromial; 
and descends forwards between the pectoralis 
major and P. minor, to which it distributes itself 
by a great number of branches. In some sub- 
jects, there are two or three Arterite thoracicte 
externa superiores. 
Thoracic Duct, Ductus thorac"icus seu chy'li- 
fer seu chyli seu lac'tens seu ro'rifer seu Pecqueti 
seu Pecquetia'nus, Vena alba thora'cis, A/retis 
ampulles'cens, Distributo'rialactea thoracica, Duc- 
tus thoracicus paste'rior seu vertebra'lis, Galax'ia, 
Duct of Pecquet, Alimen'tary Duct, (F.) Canal ou 
Conduit Thoracique, is the duct in w'hich the 
lymphatics of the lower limbs, abdomen, left su- 
perior extremity, left side of the head, neck, and 
thorax terminate. It begins at the receptaculum 
chyli, which is formed by the union of five or six 
large lymphatic trunks,-themselves formed from 
the union of all the absorbent plexuses of the 
abdomen. The duct ascends into the chest 
through the pillars of the diaphragm, and by the 
side of the aorta and vena azygos. It contracts 
in dimension, as far as the 6th dorsal vertebra, 
when it inclines towards the left hand; ascends 
behind the arch of the aorta; passes behind the 
left internal jugular vein, and opens at the poste- 
rior part of the subcla vian vein of the same side. 
Its embouchure is furnished with two valves, 
which prevent the blood from passing from the 
vein into the duct. 
Thoracic Limbs are the upper limbs; so called 
because they are articulated with the lateral and 
upper parts of the chest. 
Thoracic, Long or Inferior, Mammary infe- 
rior external artery. 
Thoracic Nerves. The short or anterior tho- 
racic nerres are two in number. They arise from 
the brachial plexus, and divide into an anterior 
and a posterior branch : - the former distributed 
to the pectoralis major muscle; the latter uniting 
with a branch of the other to form a loop, from 
which numerous branches are given off to the 
pectoralis major and p. minor. 
The long thorac"ic nerve, Posterior thorac"ic, 
External respiratory of Sir Charles Bell, is a long 
branch, which arises from the fourth and fifth 
cervical nerves, immediately after their escape 
from the intervertebral foramina, and passes 
downwards to be distributed upon the serratus 
magnus muscle. 
Thoracic Regions are the different regions of 
the chest. Thus we say, anterior, lateral, and 
superior thoracic, <Jtc. 
THORACICA, Pectorals. 
THORACICS, FIRST OF THE, Mammary 
superior external artery. 
THORACIQUE, Thoracic. 
THORACOCENTE'SIS, from $wpaf, 'the 
chest,' and Kevrnais, 'puncture.' Paraeente'sis 
thora'cis. Puncture of the chest to evacuate con- 
tained fluid - as in empyema. 
THORACOCYSTIS, Thoracystis. 
TIIOR'ACO-GASTRODID'YMUS, Did'ymus 
sym'phyo-thoracogas'trius, Xyphodid'ymns : from 
' the chest,' yaarnp, ' the belly,' and biivyo$, 
' a twin.' A monstrosity in which twins are uni- 
ted by the chest and abdomen.- Gurlt. 
THORACO-FACIAL, Platysma myoides - t. 
Maxillo-facial, Platysma myoides. 
THORACODID'YMUS,from'thechest,* 
and itbvnoi, 'a twin.' A monstrosity in which 
twins are united by the thorax.- Gurlt. THORACODYNE 
THORACODYNE, Pleurodynia. 
THORACPPATHI'A, from 'the chest,' 
and rados, 'disease.' Disease or suffering in the 
chest. 
THORACOSCOPIA, see Auscultation. 
THORACOSCOPIUM, Stethoscope. 
THOR ACYST'IS, Thoracocystis, from Owpaf, 
'the chest,' and Kverts, 'a bladder.' Encysted 
dropsy of the chest. Hydatids in the chest. 
THORAX, 'a cuirass, a coat of mail.' 
Cith'arus, Venter me'dins, Pectus, Stethus, Scutum 
pec'toris, the Breast, the Chest, Bir, Chelgs, Cas- 
ta, (F.) Poitrine. One of the splanchnic cavities; 
bounded, posteriorly, by the vertebrae ; laterally, 
by the ribs and scapula; anteriorly, by the ster- 
num ; above, by the clavicle; and below, by the 
diaphragm. It is destined to lodge and protect 
the chief organs of respiration and circulation - 
the lungs and the heart. 
Thorax, Corset. 
TH ORE, Sperm. 
THORN APPLE, Datura stramonium-t. Red, 
Datura Sanguinea. 
THOROUGHSTEM, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWAX, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
THOROUGHWORT, Eupatorium perfoliatum. 
THOROW-WAX, Bupleurum rotundifolium. 
THORULUS STRAMINEUS, Fanon. 
THREADWORM, Dracunculus-t. Long, Tri- 
chocephalus. 
THREPSIS, Assimilation, Nutrition. 
THREPSOL'OGY, Threpsolog"ia, from Spe-Jat, 
' nutrition,' and Aoyos, ' a description.' The doc- 
trine of, or a treatise on, the nutrition of organ- 
ized bodies. 
THREPTICE, Assimilation. 
T11RIDACE, Lactucarium. 
THRIDAX, Lettuce. 
THRIFT, LAVENDER, Statice limonium-t. 
American, Statice Caroliniana - t. Sea-side, Sta- 
tice Caroliniana. 
THRIX, Capillus, Hair. 
THROAT, Sroce, spoca, Jugulum, Interstit"- 
ium Jugula're, Guttur, Sphage. The anterior part 
of the neck. (F.) Gorge. Also, the Fauces, (F.) 
Gosier. 
THROATROOT, Geum Virginianum, Liatris. 
THROATWORT, Campanula trachelium. 
THROBBING, Pulsati'vus, Sphyg'miens, 
Sphygmo'des, Pul'satory. A throbbing pain, (F.) 
liouleur pulsatire, is a kind of pain which is, or 
seems to be, augmented by the pulsation of ar- 
teries. 
THROE, Agony, Pains, labour. 
THROMBI LACTEI, Infarctus mammae 
lacteus. 
TIIROMBOCYS'TIS, from 3po/i/?oj, 'a clot,' 
and Kvorn, 'a cyst.' The cyst occasionally sur- 
rounding a clot of blood - as in encephalic he- 
morrhage. 
THROMBOSIS, Coagulation, Thrombus. 
THROMBUS, Opop/Jof, 'a clot,' from rpcQciv, 
'to coagulate;' Thrombo'sis, Trombus, Hcemuto'- 
ma. A small, hard, round, bluish tumour; formed 
by an effusion of blood in the vicinity of a vein 
which has been opened in the operation of blood- 
letting. The thrombus is most commonly owing 
to the opening in the vein and that of the skin 
not corresponding; to excessive smallness of the 
cutaneous orifice; or to small, fatty granules, 
which prevent the discharge of the blood. Com- 
presses, dipped in saltwater; camphorated spirit, 
and slight compression, usually disperse it. See 
Blood. 
Thrombus Neonatorum, Cephalaematoma. 
THROTTLE, Trachea. » 
TH ROW, Agony, Pains, labour. 
854 
THYMUS 
THROWOUT, Leonurus cardiacs. 
THRUSH, Aphthae - t. Milk, Aphthae-t. 
White, Aphthae. 
THRYPSIS, Comminution. 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS, Thuya occiden- 
tals. 
THUREA, Juniperus lycia-t. Virga, Junipe- 
rus lycia. 
THUS, see Pinus abies-t. Feemininum, see Pi- 
nus abies-t. Judaeorum, Croton cascarilla, Sty- 
rax, Thymiama-t. Libanotos, Juniperus lycia- 
t. Masculum, Juniperus lycia-t. Veruui, Junipe- 
rus lycia-t. Vulgare, see Pinus abies. 
THUYA APHYLLA, see Sandarac. 
Thu'ya seu Thuja Occidenta'lis, T. obtu'sa, 
Cupren'sun Arbor Vital, Arbor Vital, Tree of 
Life. Nat. Family, Coniferae. The leaves and 
wood were formerly in high repute as resolvents, 
sudorifics, and expectorants, and were given in 
phthisical affections, intermittent fevers, and 
dropsies. The expressed juice has been applied 
to condylomata. The arrangement of the medul- 
lary matter of the cerebellum, termed Arbor 
Vital, is also called Thuya. 
THYLACIITIS, Gutta rosea. 
THYM, Thymus. 
THYMA, Thymion. 
T1IYMAL0S, Taxus baccata. 
THYMASTHMA, Asthma thymicum. 
THYMBRA, Satureia hortensis-t. Ilispanica, 
Thymus mastichina. 
THYME, CAT, Teuerium Marum-t. Common, 
Thymus-t. Lemon, see Thymus serpyllum - t. 
Mother of, Thymus serpyllum - t. Virginia, 
Pycnanthemum linifolium-t. Wild, Thymus ser- 
pyllum. 
THYMELJEA, Daphne gnidium-t. Laureola, 
Daphne laureola - t. Mezereum, Daphne meze- 
reum-t. Monspeliaca, Daphne gnidium. 
THYMELCO'SIS, from 'thymus,' and 
'cXkos, 'an ulcer.' Ulceration of the thymus gland. 
THYMI'AMA, dvpia/ia, 'a perfume;' Aiusk- 
toood, Thus Jadaso' rum, (F.) Narcaphte. A bark 
from Syria, Cilicia, &c., supposed to be the pro- 
duct of the liquid storax tree. It has an agree- 
able, balsamic smell; approaching that of liquid 
storax. 
Thymiama, Fumigation, Sufflmentum. 
THYMIASIOTECHNIA, Thymiatechny. 
THYMIASIS, Fumigation. 
THYMIATECH'NY, Thymiatech'nia, Thymi- 
asiotech'nia, Cura fumiyato'ria, from Ovjaaua, 'an 
odour,' and 'art.' The art of employing 
perfumes in medicine. 
THYM'ION, Thy ma, Thymus, Porrum, Porrus, 
Verru'ca rhaydi'deo, Verru'ca minor, from 9vpos, 
'thyme.' A small wart on the skin, resembling 
a bud of thyme. 
THYMIOSIS, Framboesia - t. Indica, Fram- 
bcesia. 
THYMI'TES. Wine impregnated with thyme. 
THYMI'TIS, from Svpos, ' thymus,' and itis, 
denoting inflammation. Inflammation of the 
thymus gland. 
THYMOPATHI'A, Psychopathi'a, from 3v/joj, 
'the mind,' and raflos, 'affection.' A disease of 
the mind. 
THYMOS, Rage. 
THYMOXAL'ME, from -Sr/io;, 'thyme,' ofuj, 
'acid,'and '«Xf, 'salt.' A compound of thyme, 
vinegar, and salt. 
THYMUS, ■Su/ioy, Gland'ula Thymus, Corpus 
Thymiamum seu Thy'micum, Gian' dium, Thymus 
yland, Corpus incomprehensib' He of Jos. Frank. 
An organ, the uses of which are totally unknown, THYRA 
and which is seated in the upper separation of 
the anterior mediastinum. The thymus has the 
appearance of a glandular body. It is oblong; 
bilobate; soft, and very variable in size and co- 
lour. In the foetus, it is very large, and contains 
in a central cavity - reservoir of the thymus - a 
milky fluid; but it gradually disappears, and in 
old age is scarcely discernible. The arteries, 
called thymic, are from the inferior thyroid, inter- 
nal mammary, bronchial, and mediastinal. The 
veins have the same arrangement. It receives 
some nervous fllaments from the pneumogastric 
nerves, the phrenic, and the inferior cervical 
ganglia. 
Thymus, T. vulga'ris seu tenuifo'lius seu hor- 
ten'sis, Common Thyme, (F.) Thym, T. ordinaire. 
Family, Labiatae. Sex. Syst. Didynamia Gymno- 
spermia. This herb has an agreeable, aromatic 
smell; and a warm, pungent taste. It is reputed 
to be resolvent, emmenagogue, tonic, and stoma- 
chic. It is not much used. 
Thymus. Satureia capitata, Thymion-t. Cala- 
minthus, Melissa calamintha-t. Capitatus, Satu- 
reia capitata-t. Ciliatus, T. mastichina-t. Cre- 
ticus, Satureia capitata-t. Hortensis, Thymus- 
t. Includcns. T. serpyllum. 
Thymus Mastich'ina, T. cilia'tus, Common 
herb Mastich, Mansm vulga're, Samp'suchus, Cli- 
nopo'dia, Mastich'ina Gallo'rum, Thymbra His- 
pon'ica, Jaca In'dica. A low, shrubby, Spanish 
plant, used as an errhine. It has a smell like 
mastich. Its virtues resemble those of the Marum 
Syriacum ; but it is said to be less powerful. 
Thymus Multiflorus, Melissa nepeta-t. Ne- 
peta, Melissa nepeta. 
Thymus Seupyl'lum, T. inclu'dens, Mother of 
Thyme, Wild Thyme, Her'pylos, Herpyl'los, Ser- 
pyl'lum, Serpul'lum, Serpil'lum, Gila'rum, Ser- 
pyl'lum vulga're minus, (F.) Serpolet. This plant 
has the same sensible properties as the garden 
thyme; but has a milder, and rather more grate- 
ful flavour. Lemon Thyme, the Serpyllum citra'- 
tum, is merely a variety of the Thymus Serpyllum. 
It is very pungent; and has a particularly grate- 
ful odour, approaching that of lemons. 
Thymus Sylvaticus, Clinopodium vulgare - 
th. Sylvestris, Satureia capitata - th. Tenuifo- 
lius, Thymus. 
THYRA, 9vpa, 'agate, folding-door.' In com- 
position, Thyreo and Thyro, 'a shield re- 
sembling a folding-door,' mean the thyroid car- 
tilage. 
THYREMPHRAXIS, Bronchocele. 
THYREO, Thyro, in composition, relate to the 
thyroid cartilage or gland. 
THYREOADENITIS, Thyreoitis. 
THYRE0-A RYT'E N01D, Thyro-aryteno'i- 
deus, or Thyro-aryteno'ides. That which relates 
to the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages. 
Thyreo-arytenoid Ligaments, Inferior Liga- 
ments of the Larynx, Lips of the Glottis, Vocal 
Cords, are two ligaments about two lines broad, 
formed of elastic and parallel fibres, which are 
contained in a duplicature of the mucous mem- 
brane of the larynx. They extend horizontally 
from the anterior projection at the base of each 
arytenoid cartilage to the middle of the angle of 
union of the thyroid cartilage. They are the 
essential organs of voice. See Glottis. 
Thyreo-arytenoid Muscles, Thyreo-ary- 
TENOi'DEi, are thin muscles, which arise from the 
middle and inferior part of the posterior surface 
of the thyroid cartilage; whence they proceed 
backwards and outwards, to be inserted into the 
outer part of the base of the arytenoid cartilage. 
They give the necessary tension to the ligaments 
of the glottis, in the production of the voice. 
855 
THYROID 
Santorini has given the name Thyreo-arytenoi- 
deus obliquus to a portion of the aryteno'ideus 
muscle. 
TIIY R E 0-E PIG L 0 T'T IC, Thyreo-epiglot- 
tideus, Thyrepiglott'icus. Sabatier and Santorini 
have given this name to the outer portion of the 
thyro-arytenoid muscle; because it passes from 
the thyroid cartilage to the anterior part of the 
epiglottis. 
T H Y R E O-IIYOID, Thyro-hyo'ideus, Thyro- 
hydides, Hyodeothyreo'des. That which belongs 
or relates to the thyroid cartilage and os hyoides. 
Thyreo-hyoid or Hyo-thyroid Membrane 
is a very broad, yellowish, fibrous membrane, 
thicker at the middle than at the extremities, 
which is attached above to the posterior surface 
of the body and great cornu of the os hyoides: 
and, below, to the whole superior edge of the 
thyroid cartilage. 
T H Y R E O-H YO I D E U S or Hyo-thyredideus 
Muscle is situate at the anterior and superior 
part of the neck. It is attached to the oblique 
line on the anterior surface of the thyroid car- 
tilage ; to the inferior edge of the body of the os 
hyoides, and to the anterior portion of its great 
cornu. It approximates the thyroid cartilage 
and os hyoides to each other, by raising the car- 
tilage, and with it the whole larynx: or, it can 
depress the os hyoides. 
TH Y R E O-PH ARYNGEUS, Thyro-Pharyn- 
geus. 
THYREOID, Thyroid. 
THYREOIDEUS, Thyroideal. 
. THYREOI'TIS, Thyreoiideni'tis, Angi'na thy- 
reo'idea, from $vpto{, ' a shield,' and itis, denot- 
ing inflammation. Inflammation of the thyroid 
gland. 
THYREONCUS, Bronchoeele. 
THYREOPIIRAXIA, Bronchoeele. 
THYREPIGLOTTICUS, Thyreoepiglottic. 
THYRO, see Thyreo. 
THYRO-ARYTENOID, Thyreo-arytenoid. 
THYRO-CRICO-PHARYNGEUS, see Crico- 
pharyngeal. 
THYRO-HYOIDEUS, Thyreo-hyoid. 
„ THYRO-PHARYNGEUS, Thyreo-pharyngeus. 
Valsalva, Morgagni, Santorini, and Winslow have 
given this name to the portion of the constrictor 
pharyngis inferior, which is attached to the thy- 
roid cartilage. 
Thyro-Pharyngeus, Constrictor pharyngis, 
see Crico-pharyngeal. 
THYRO-PHARYNGO-STAPHYLINUS, Pa- 
THYROCELE, Bronchoeele. 
THYROID, Thy'reoid, Thyro'i'des, from Svpa. 
' a gate or folding-door,' or from Svpcos, ' a shield,' 
and ulos, ' form.' That which has the shape of a 
folding-door. 
Thyroid Car'tilage, Cartila'go Scutifor'mu, 
C. Seuta'lis, G. Clypea'lis, Co'opertorium, C. Pel- 
ta'lis seu pelta'tiu, Scutum, Ada'mi Morens Os, 
is the largest of the cartilages of the larynx, at 
the anterior part of which it is situate. It is 
larger transversely than vertically; broader above 
than below; and seems formed by the junction 
of the two quadrilateral plates, which produce, 
by their union, an angle that projects forwards. 
Its two posterior margins terminate above, and 
on each side, by an ensiform prolongation, called 
the greater cornuof the thyroid cartilage; and, 
below, by a less prominent eminence, the lesser 
cornu, which is articulated with the cricoid. 
Thyroid Gland, Corpus Thyredideum, Glan'- 
dula Thyreo'idea, (F.) Gland ou Corps Thyroids, 
is an organ, the uses of which are not known. It 
covers the anterior and inferior part of the larynx, THYROIDEAL 
as well as the first rings of the trachea, and seems 
to be composed of two lobes, flattened from before 
to behind, which are united by a transverse pro- 
longation of the same nature as themselves, called 
the Isthmus of the Thyroid Gland. The tissue of 
the thyroid is sqft, spongy, and of a brownish 
colour; but its intimate structure is unknown. 
It is formed of several distinct lobules; collected 
in lobes of greater or less size. These are com- 
posed of granulations, some of which contain a 
yellowish or milky fluid. The thyroid gland re- 
ceives four large arteries, called Thyroideal, as 
well as corresponding veins. Its nerves proceed 
from the pneumogastric, and from the cervical 
ganglia. No excretory duct has ever been found 
in it. Its uses are not known. 
THYROIDEAL, Thyro'ideus, Thyreoideus,(jF,) 
Thyroidien. That which concerns the thyroid 
gland or cartilage. 
Thyroideal Arteries are two on each side. 
1. The superior Thyroideal, superior laryngeal, 
superior guttural, arises from the anterior part of 
the external carotid, and proceeds to the upper 
part of the thyroid gland, after having given off 
a laryngeal branch and a crico-thyroid. 2. The 
inferior Thyroideal, infe'rior gut'tural, much 
larger than the last, arises from the upper part 
of the su