INDEX Abortion effect of maternal smoking, 437, 438 Acenaphthylene in cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke, 548 Acttaldehyde levels, effects of room size, amount of tabsacco burned, and = ventilauon, 487-490, 494 as suspected contributor to health haz- ards of smoking, 629 Acetone as suspected contributor to heaith hazards of smoking, 629 Acetonitrile as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Acrolein effects of inhalation of, in rats, 151 as irritant in tobacco smoke, 511 levels, effects of room size, amount of tobacco burned, and venulation, 487-490, 494 as probable contributor to health haz- ards of smoking, 628 Acryloniuie as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Adenocarcinoma prevalence in male and female smokers and nonsmokers, 276 relationship of cigarette smoking to, 272-275, 322 Adenoma papillary, induction in rats by exposure to cigarette tars, 374 pulmonary, induction in mice by ctga- rette smoke inhalation, 375 renal, relationship of smoking to, 322 Adrenal glands catecholamine release from, nicotine effects on, 32 Advisory Committee on Smoking: and Health report on cigarette smoke and conden- sates effects on oral cavity of animals, 314 Acrobic capacity effect of cessation of smoking, 613 effecy of exercise and smoking, 613,614 “Age atypical nuclei in esophageal epithelium arranged by smoking and, 405-406 effects on CHD, 23-35 Air pollution as cause of COPD, 178, 201, 242-243 in etiology of lung neoplasms, 302 and human CO burden, 142 relationship of lung neoplasms, smoking and place of residence, 278-281 summary of recent findings, 564 Aicohol ethanol, penetrabihty of dissolved benzo(a)pyrene im mice esophageal epithehum, 319 Alcohol consumption effect. on esophaeceal neoplasms in smokers, 315, 319 effect on laryngeal neoplasms in tobacco users, 306 effect on tobacco amblyopia, 531-532 and heavy smoking, effect on oral neoplasms, 314 smoking and, in esophageal neoplasm etiology, 64,66, 67,570 smoking and, im laryngeal neoplasm etiology, 567 smoking and, in oral neoplasm etiology, 563 smoking and, in neoplasm development, 570 Alcoholism patients, smoking and venulatory func- tion in, 239 Allergy effect on cardiovascular abnormalities, 521 tobacco and, $13-521 tobacco smoke irritants and, 520 Alpha-l-antitrypsin deficiency COPD predisposition from, 176 determination using immunoelectro- phoresis, 177 in emphysema etiology, 520 smoking and, 520 Amblyopia, tobacco alcohol consumption effect on, 531-532 characterization of, 531 incidence of 531 American Heart Association pooling project on CHD, 19, 24, 26, 35 Ammonia as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Angina pectoris effects of increased carboxyhemogiobin levels, in passive smokers, 491, 497 incidence in pipe and cigar smokers, 485 Animals a : esophageal neoplasms in, induction by nitrosamines, 318 respiratory tract of, neoplastic changes following cigarette smoke inhalation, 264-265 skin of, carcinogenicity of tobacco tars, 264, 293 Anthracene in cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke, 548 Anthranilic acid, 3-hydroxy- urinary excretion of, smoking effects on, 322 635 Antigen-antibody reactions abergy and, 513-517 smokers vs. nonsmokers, §15,521 tobacco and, S 14-517 Aortic aneurysm smoking and, 63, 67, TN Aromatic compounds carcinogenic = propertues in cigarette smoke from, 290, 293 detection in urine using chemilumines- cence technique, 323 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic effect during pregnancy in laboratory animals, 431,432 maternalfetal exchange and, 433 Anhythmias formation in nicotine stimulated damaged myocardium, 54 Arsenic lung neoplasm mortality in smelter workers exposed to, 283 respiratory tract carcinoma in workers exposed to, 282, 283 Arteries aneurysm in aortic, cigarette smoking effects on, 63,67, 71 atherosclerotic, increased by Cigarette smoking, 59 flow of carotid, cigarette smoking effects on, 63 occlusions of, cigarette smoking effects on, 69 watls of, mechanism of Lipoprotein infiltration, 59 walls of, nicotine-induced necrosis, 59 Artenosclerasis in aotta and coronary arteries, Cigarette smoking effects on, 4}, 48-52 development of, carbon monoxide ef- fects on, 59 development of, effects of nicotme on, 34 lesion development in, smoking enhance- ment, 32 peripheral, cigarette smoking effects on, 68-69 see also Cardiovascular diseases; Coro- nary diseases Ary} hydrocarbon hydroxylase effect of benzo(a)pyrene in pregnant rats, 433 Asa Central and Southeast, relationship of tobacco use and neoplasms of oral cavity, 392 Asthma bronchial, cigarette smoking effects on, 201 Atherosclerosis aortic, long term smoking effects, 48-52 Athletic performance running, effect of smoking, 613,614 smokers vs. nonsmokers, 613, 614 swimming, effect of smoking, 614 Atropine effects on bronchoconstriction in dogs, 189 636 Australia COPD morbidity in smokers 0, 229 laryngeal neoplasms in, relauonshp to tobacco use, 383 lung neoplasms in, retrospective studies of, 353 Bacterna effect of cigarette smoke on action of macrophages on, 191 pneumonia, mice resistance following cigarette inhalation, 199 Benz(e)acephenanthrylene carcinogenic $= properties in cigarette smoke from, 290, 291 Benz(a)anthracene alcoholic solution of, penetrability of mice esophageal epithelium, 3 18 Benz(a)anthracene, 7,1 2-dimethyl! carcinoma induction in hamsters Follow- ing instillation of, 372 skin painting with, papilloma and carcinoma induction in mice by, 367 Benzene as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Benzo(j)fluoranthene carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 Benzo(c)phenanthrene carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 Benzof{a)pyrene alcoholic solution of, penetration of mice esophageal epithelium, 318 carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 290, 291 carcinogenicity of, in relation to asbestos in hamsters, 283 in cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke, 491, 492 detoxification by lung aryl] hydroxylase, 283 effects during pregnancy in laboratory animals, 431,432 effects of instillation or implantation in animal tracheobronchial tee, 372-373 effects on animal tissue and organ cultures in, 369-371 effects with influenza virus on cigarette inhalation by mice, 378 levels, effects of room size, amount of tobacco bumed, and ventilation, 487-490, 494 sarcoma induction in rats following instillation of, 372 skin painting with, papilloma induction in mice by, 363-364 Betel nut chewing oral neoplasms from, 392, 395-396 Bicarbonate in pancreatic secretions, effect of smok- ing, 473,474 Bicycle ergometer performance cardiovascular parameters in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 612414 Buth weight effect cf maternal smoking, 417-428, 433436 effect of maternal smoking before and during current pregnancy by cigarette consumpuon, 421423 effect of maternal smoking dumnng previous pregnancies, 426-428 effect of paternal smoking, 424, 425 effect of tobacco smoke, nicoune, or carbon monoxide in laboratory animals, 428432 gestation duration in smokers vs. non- smokers, 417420 mortality risk of low birth weight infants of smoking vs. nonsmoking mothers, 440-446 timing of influence of smoking, 434,435 Bladder neoplasms frequency in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 264, 319-321 mortality rates, 319, 320 relationship of cigarette smoking to, 325 retrospective studies of, and smoking, 319, 407-410 and tryptophan metabolites in unne, 322-323 Blood cholesterol fevels and coronary disease, 17-18, 19-20, 39 effect of carbon monoxide in rabbits, 150 effect of smoking, 37, 39 effect of smoking in peripheral vascular disease, 68 and hypertension, in smokers vs. non- smokers, 137 in pipe and cigar smokers, 585,586 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 94-98 Blood circulation effect of variations in hemoglobin and hemat, 62 Blood coagulation etfect of smoking, 32 Blood lipids etfect of smoking, 61-62, L19-124 smokers vs. nonsmokers, 37 Blood platelets effect of smoking, 62,71 Blood pressure coronary disease and smoking, 39, 43 diastolic, cigarette smoking effects, 19 diastolic, in smokers with CHD, 17-18, 20, 38 effect of exercise and smoking, 612, 614-416 effect of nicotine, 32 effect of pipe and cigar smoking, 586 high risk in mortality from CVD, 63 hypertensive vs. nonhypertensive, mor- tality rates of CHD in, 38 tisk factors in artenosclerosis obliterans, 68 in smokers, nonsmokers, and ex- smokers, 137-139 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 37, 38, 99-100 systole, mortality from elevated, with CHD, 38 Body weight and hypertension, m= snokers, non- smokers, and ex-smokers, 137-139 Bradycardia . development in dogs given nxoune, 53 Bronchial epithehum histological changes in cigar, pipe, cigarette smokers vs. nonsmokers, $73,574,579 Bronchitis development in infants of mateznal smokers, 499 incidence in children of parental smokers, 501, 502 mortality ratios in male pipe and cigar smokers, 587, 589 in passive smokers, summary of recent findings, 504 prevalence in pipe and cigar smokers, §90, S91 Bronchitis, chronic definition of, 165 mortality in cigarette smokers, 201 mortality rates, 165 smokers vs. nonsmokers, 221-231 Bronchopneumonia development in degs following cigarette smoke inhalation, 297 Bronchopulmonary diseases, chronic ob- structive air pollution relationship in, 178, 242-243 characterization of, 165 Cigarette smoking effects on develop- ment, 20] . genetic factors in pathogenesis of, 174, 176-178, 231 increased prevalence of heterozygotes in, 177-178 mortality rates, 165-171 mortality rates in pipe, cizar, and Cigarette smokers, 201 mortality ratios in male pipe and cigar smokers, 586, 587,589 2,3-Butadione as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Buty lamine as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Butylaminc, N-methylnitroso suspected carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 Cadmium in cigarette smoke, relation to patho- genesis of emphysema, 180 Canada COPD morbidity of smokers in, 230 infectious respiratory disease in, relation- ship to smoking, 254 kidney and bladder neoplasms in smokers in, 320 mortality sates from COPD, 165-167, wm mortality ratios from COPD, L169 637 mortality ratios in smokers and non- smokers fram pancreauc neoplasms, 324 thrombosis in, smoking relationship, 128 Canadian veterans study jung neoplasm mortality ratios 1n, smokers vs. nonsmokers, 267 Carbazole, 9anethyt possible importance In tobacco carcino- genesis, 292 Carbon-14 labeled smoke particulate deposition in hamster respuatory tract, 307-308 Carbon dioxide as suspected contnbutor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Carbon monoxide cholesterol levels in rabbits, after ex- posure to, 150 and decrease in exercise ume before claudication, 150 effect during pregnancy in laboratory anumals, 430, 431,446, 447 effect on aortas in animals, 150 effect on birth weight and neonatal mortality in anmats, 447 effect on cholesterol-fed rabbits. 6142 elfect on healthy smokers vs. non- smokers, 148 effect on human physiology, 56-58 effect on myocardium, 151 exposure to, and human absorption, 143-150 as most likely contibuter to health hazards of smoking, 627 summary of previous findings on rela- tionship to passive smoking, 483, 484,504 summary of recent findings, 155 from tobacco smoke, effects on psycho- motor performance, including atten- tiveness and cognition function, 495-497 Carbon monoxide levels in cigarette smoke, 55 effect of room size, amount of tobacco burned and ventilation, 486-591 effect on exercise performance, 493 from smokers in buses and planes, 498 - Carboxy hemoglobin formation in blood of smokers, 56, 71 Carboxy hemoglobin levels in cigarette smokers, one hour after last cigarette, 147, 148 and CO burden m= smokers vs. non- smokers, 147, 148 effect on CO absorption, in passive smokers, 591, 592 effect. on exercise performance, 493, 616,617 in fetuses, 148,149 in neonates of smoking mothers, 432, 433 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, by sex, face, employment status or urban location, 144-146 summary of recent findings, 155 in workers exposed to exhaust gases, 143 638 Carcinogenesss effect of tobacco curing methods, 582 Carcinogens action on oral cavity, effect of saliva, 314 cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke conden- sate, in skin painting experiments in animals, 580-584 listing of, in cigarette smoke, 291-292 tobacco smoke constituents as, 580-584 Carcinoid tumor prevalence in male and female smokers and nonsmokers, 276 Carcinoma formation following animal skin painting with smoke condensates, 363-368 induction in rats exposed to cigarette tars, 374 undifferentiated, relationship to ciga- rette smoking, 274-275 Carcinoma, alveolar cell induction in mice by cigarette smoke inhalation, 375 Carcinoma, anaplastic prevalence in-male and female snokers and nonsmokers, 276 Carcinoma, bronchogenic development in dogs following cigarette smoke inhalation, 295, 298-29? mortality from, relationships to smo k- ing,-au pollution and residence, 279 mortality in smoking vs. ne- smoking asbestos workers, 283 Carcinoma, epidermoid mortality from, relationship to smoking, air poliution and residence, 280 prevalence in male and female smokers and nonsmokers, 276 relationship of cigarette“ smoking to, 272-275 Carcinoma, epithelial induction in mice by cigarette smoke inhalation, 376 Carcinoma, oat cell relationship of cigarette smoking to, 273 Carcinoma, squamous cell development in mice drinking alcoholic benzo(a)pyrene, 3 18 in oral cavity, relationship to tobacco use, 392-393 Carcinoma, tracheobronchial induction in hamsters by cigarette smoke _ instillation, 372-373 Cardiac index effect of exercise and smoking, 6124614 Cardiovascular diseases atherosclerotic, effects of CO, 149, 150 mortality ratios in male pipe and cigar smokers, 585, 586 pathogenesis of, 150.151 summary of prospective epidemiologicat studies for cigar and pipe smoker, $86 see also Arteriosclerosis Cardiovascular system effect of cigarette smoke on, 52-54, 103-114 effect of nicotine on, $2-54, 103-114 Catecholamine levels effect of cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke in dogs, 586 Catecholamines etfect of nicotine on release of, 32,53, tis effect on blood circulation in coronary astenes, 54 Cats cardiovascular function in, smoking and nicotine effects on, 106, 107 ciliary function in, effect of cigarette smoke on, 248-250 lungs of, cigarette onoke effect on surfactant activity, 251 Cattle cilary function in, effect of cigarene smoke on, 247 Central nervous system effect of carbon monoxide in smoke on, 56 Cerebrovascular diseases definition of, 62 epidemiological studies, 149, 150 mortality rates by age, sex and smoking classification, 15} moraiity rates, smokers vs. nonsmokers, 62-466 mertality ratios in pipe and cigar smokers, $85, 586 Cessation of smoking compared benefits in cigarette vs. pipe/- cizar smokers, 542,543 effect an absolute aerobic power, 613 effect on COPD development, 166 effect on COPD development in Bntish physicians, 168 effect on COPD morbidity and mor- tahty, 201 effect on COPD morbidity in smokers vs. nonsmokers, [72 eifect on coronary disease mortality rate, 28, 42-44, 102 effect on infant birth weight, 421423, 426-428 improvements in respiratory system, $74,175 relation to incidence of CHD, 28, 4244, 102 Chest illnesses prevalence of, in pipe and cigar smokers, 590, 591 Chickens ciliary function in, effect of cigarette smoke on, 249 effect of cigarette smoke on embryos, 370 Children of smokers, incidence of pneumonia and bronchttis, SOL, $02 of smokers, prevalence of respuatory symptoms, 501,502 Chile atherosclerosis autopsy studies in, §1,52 Cholesterot rabbits fed, ~arbon monoxide effects on, 6142 synergstic relationship of carbon mon- oxde in coronary atheromatosis, 59 Chromium lung neoplasn mortality from, 283-284 respiratory Uact Carcinoma m Workers exposed to, 282 Chrysene carcinogenicity, as component of ciga- rette smoke, 29) Cigarettes definition and processing. $45 development of esophageal neoplasms, 319 similarities with little cigars, $94,595 tar and nicotine content, 626, 627 tar levels of, relationship to lung neoplasm development, 301, 302 Cigarettes, filter summary of previous findings, 4 Cigars definition and processing, 545,546 Cigars, little chemical composition of, 594, $95,598 evaluation of potential public health impact, 592-598 shipment for domestic consumption (1970-1972), 592-594, 597 similarity to cigarettes, 594, 59S sugar and pH differences with large cigars and cigarettes, 592-594 tar and nicotine content, 594-596, 598 Ciliary activity effect of pipe/cigar smoke vs. cigarette smoke in cats, 587, $88 Clofibrate and reduction in risk of sudden death in cigarette smokers, 154 Coffee drinking myocaidisl infarclion, smoking and, in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 141, 142 Combustion temperature effect on tumorigenic activity of pipe and cigarette tobacco, 580, 581 Congenital malformations maternal smoking and, 450, 451 Connecticut Cancer Registry figures on age-adjusted larynx neoplasm incidence, 303 figures on incidence of oral neoplasms, 310 Constitutional hypothesis relationship to CHD and smoking, 4445, 101-102 Cornsilk smoking, tack of arterial epinephrine level increase, $3 Coronary diseases age-adjusted rates in smokers, 19 arterjosclerotic, mortality rates in US., 17 atherosclerosis, effects of smoking on, 59 blood pressure of smokers vs. non- smokers, 39,43 carbon dioxide effects on oxygen uptake in, 58 death ratios of paired combinations of high risk, 21 effect of coffee drinking and cigarette smoking, 142 epidemiological studies, 136, 137 incidence and mortality rates in former smokers, 42, 43-44 incidence in pipe and cigar smokers, 585, 586 infarction in NYC pipe and cigar smokers, 28, 34-35 infarction, relationship to physical act- ivity, smokers vs. nonsmokers, 40 morbidity, relationship of smoking to, 28-31, 33, 35, 89-93 mortality and morbidity retrospective studies, 36, 89-93 mortality rates in hypertensives vs. nonhypertensives, 38 mortality rates in obese vs. nonobese, 41 mortality rates in smokers vs. non- smokers, 17-18, 20, 22-25 mortabty rates in, with increased carbon monoxide, 58 mortality rates of cigarette smokers from, AHA pooling project, 24, 26, 35 mortality rates of paired combinations of high risk, 21 mortality rates of U.S. veterans, 22, 34 mortality rates, relationship to electro- cardiographic findings, 38 mortality ratios in pipe and = cigar smokers, 585, 586 nicotine effect on coronary blood flow in, 54 relationship of blood pressure and smoking, 41, 43 relationship of heart rate and smoking, 41,43 relationship of physical activity and smoking, 37, 39, 40 relationship of triglycerides to, 61 relationship to constitutional makeup and smoking, 44-45, 101-102 relationship to ECG abnormalities and smoking, 41,43 relationship to obesity and smoking, 39-41 risk factors, 19-20, 36-37 smokers’ age effects on development, 23, 35 in smokers with predisposing factors, 20 sudden death, and smoking, 48 summary of previous findings, 4, 7 see also Arteriosclerosis; Myocardial in- farct Cough of parental smokers, and respiratory symptoms in children, 499, 501 prevalence in pipe and cigar snokers, 590, 591 Cresols in cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke, 547 as probable contributors to health hazards of smoking, 628 suspected carcinogenic agent of cigarette smoke, 292 Crotononitrile as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Cuba laryngeal neoplasms in, relationship to tobacco use, 382 640 ora] neoplasms in, relationship of tobac- co use, 390 Cyanides detoufication, m pregnant smokers vs. nonsmokers, 433 in tobacco amblyopia etiology, 531-532 Czechoslovakia laryngeal neoplasms in, relationship to tobacco use, 380, 383 serum bpid difference in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 97 DDT as suspected contributor to heaun hazards of smoking, 629 Deaths, sudden . incidence in pipe and cigar smokers, 585 reduction of risk of, in cigarette smokers, using clofibrate, 154 Denmark atherogenic effect of carbon monoxide and hypoxia, 60 ' bladder neoplasms in, methods and results in retrospective studies of smoking and, 407, 409 carbon monoaide effects on human blood lipids in, 125 carbon monoxide effects on rabbit blood tipidsin, 125 serum Lipid differences in smokers vs. nonsmokers in, 98 twins in, angina pectoris in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 47 Dermatitis among tobacco workers, 52} Diabetes mellitus effect on CHD in smokers, 20 relationship with cigarette smoking in peripheral vascular disease, 68 tisk in mortalicy from CVD, 67 Dibenz(a h)acndine cascinogenic properties in cigarettc smoke from, 29} Dibenz(aj)acridine carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 Diethylnitrosamine suspected carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 Dimethylamine — as suspected contnbuter to health hazards of smoking, 629 Dimethyinivosamine suspected caremogenic properties in cigarette smoke from, 291 2,3-Diphosphogly cerate effects of carbon monoxide ou, $6.57 DNA increases in smokers’ oral epithelial cells, 314 levels in mouse Jung exposed to Cigarette smoke, 187 Dogs atherogenic effects of nicotine m, 116 bladder neoplasms in, fed 2-naphthy- lamine, 322 bradycardia and tachycardia in, follow- ing nicotine injection, 53-54 bronchogenic carcinoma induction in, from cigarette smoke inhalation, 295, 296 cigarette smoke institlation or implan- tation effects on tracheobronchial trce of 294,373 death in, causes trom cigarette smoke inhalation, 297 effect of cigarette smoke on pulmonary clearance in, 190, 196 fetal bronchial tubes of, effect of cigarette smoke on, 37) lung neoplasms following cigarette smoke inhalation, 265, 303 lung neoplasms in, types and lobes where found, 295, 298-299 lungs of. cigarette smoke effects on surfactant activity, 198,251 myocardium, nicotine effects on, 54 neoplasin development in sinoking, per- centages of, 300 pulmonary histological changes in ciga- rette smoke inhaling, 184. 185-186 respiratory tract’ of, cigaretic smoke inhajation effects on, 294, 378, 379 smoke-induced bronchoconstreuon in, atropine effects, 189 smoking and nicotine cffects an blood lipids in, £23-124 sinoking and nicaline ctfeets on cardio- vawular function in, 103-108 \inoking and nicotine cfferts on catecho- luring levels ing 115 Donkeys elfeect of civarette smoke on pulmonary clearance in, 190, 197 Ducks eigaretle smoke instillation of implan- tation offeeis an tracheebronchial free at, 372 Deuodenub ulcers mortality mos in male cigar and pipe smokers. 592 nicotine induced, in cats, 472,473 Potepcrutive compliciuions in sinokers vs. nonsmokers, 471 petentiating action af nicetine, in animals, 475-477 prevalence in smoker, mechanikm of action, 474 Dust exposure COPD development from, 179, 244 Dyspnea Prevalence ins cigar and pipe smokers, $90, 591 Veypi relationship of human pulmonary histo- foxy and smoking in, 189 Plevtrocardhosrams abnormubties, and CHD, 38.41.43 effect of smoking, 41,43 Mlectrophoresis uc in’ determining serum level of alpha-lanttrypsn, 177 Uniphysema alple:-L-antitrypsin deficiency and, 176, 177 definition of, 165 development in dogs following cigarette smoke inhalation, 297 development of, relation of cadmium in” smoke to, 180 grade JI or Il, smokers vs. nonsmokers, 188 incidence in cigar/pipe smoking coal miners vs. cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, 587 mortality, effect of cigarette smoking on. 20) mortality rates, 165 mortality ratios, in male pipe and cigar smokers, 587, 589 summary of previous findings on rela- tionship to smoking, 5, 7 Endrin as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Enzymes activity, effect of smoking, 9t aryl hydroxylase, effect of nickel in cigarctte smoke on induction, 283 Epidemiological studies cerebrovascular dpcase and smoking, 151.152 coronary diseases and smoking. 136, 137 peptic ulcer and smoking, 181-183 Epinephrine effect of nicotine. 151 levels in arteries. cigarette smoking effects on, $3 Epitheliomas of lip. relationship of tobacco uye with, 387 Cpoxides suspected carcinogenic ugents in ciga- rete sinoke, 291 Esophageal epithelium atypical nuclei in) basal cells, male smokers. 318. 405-496 Esophageal neoplasms alcohol consumption and smoking im, $70 frequency in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 264 induction in anunals by nitrosamine, 318 methods and results of retrospective studies of lobseco use in, 315. 401-404 mortality rates, 315 mortality ratios for cigar, pipe, and cigareue smokers va. nonsmokers. 567,870 mortality ratios in, 315-337 relative risk in cigar. pipe, and cizaretle smokers vs. wonsmokers, 567, 570-872 smoking in chology of, 319 summary of retroypective studies, 571, $72 Esophagus histofovical chines in cicar. pipe. and Cigarette smokers vs. nonsmokers. 570 Exercise on bicyck ergometer, effect of smoking, 612,613 cardiac index, effect of smoking, 612, 613 effect of smoking and smoking absu- nence. 611,642,616, 617 effects of CO exposure und increased carboayhemoglobin levels, 491, 493 influencing factors, 641,616,617 summary of findings and mechanism of action, 616,617 - on treadmill, effect of smoking, 613, 615 Ex-smokers atypical nuclei in esophageal epithelium in male, 405-406 effects of cessation on body weight, blood pressure, and hypenenson development, 138-141 low buth weight infants of, 426-428 mortality rates in, COPD, 201 mortality rates in, coronary discaxt, 4244 mortalty rates in, coronary disease, cigarette vs. pipe/cigar smokers, $42-543 mortality rutes im, lung neoplasms, 302 mortally ratios an, Jung ncophisms, 267-268 summary of previous findings on health consequences Of cessation, 6 Eye irritation effects of exposure lo cigarette smoke, in passive smokers, 495, 496 Fatty acid levels effect of cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoke in dogs, 586 tise in, after smoking, 32,61 in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 98 Fatty acids suspected carcinogenic agents of ciga- rette smoke, 292 Fetal death effect of maternal smoking, 437-449 epidemiological studies, in snoken vs. nonsmokers, 440-446 Filters advantages in reduction of particulates, 295,30) Finland blood pressure differences in smokers vs. nonvmokers, 99 COPD morbidity in smokers, 226 lung neoplasm mortality in, relationship to lobacco use, 271, 272 lung neoplasms in, retrospective study of, methods, 353, 353 serum lipid differences in smokers vs. nonsmokers in, 94.95 smoking and nicotine effects on human blood lipids, 120 Fitness tests smokers vs. nonamoken, 615 Ttuoranthene aluoholic solution of, penetrability of csophagceal epithchum, 318 642 Formaldehyde as suspected contndutor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Formosa acute effect of cigarette wnoke on human pulmonary function in, 195 Framingham Study effect of coffee drinking on mortality in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 142 France bladder neoplasms in, methods and results in retrospective studies of smoking, 407-409 CHD mortality and morbidity in, 90,93 Cigarette smoke effects on animal tissue in, 369,370,375 COPD mortality of smokers in, 227 esophageal neoplasms in, retrospective studies of tobacco use, 404 laryngeal neoplasms in, relationship to tobacco use, 381, 383 lung neoptasms in, methods of retrospec- live study of smoking in, 352 oral neoplasms in, relationship of tobac- co use and, 389 Fungicides concentration in cigarette smoke, 29], 292 Furfural as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Gas phase, cigurette smoke harmful constituents in, 627 Gastric secretion effect of nicotine in laboratory animals. 472,473 effect of smuking in ulcer patients, 471. 472 Gastrointestinal disorders prevalence in cigarette and pipe/cigar smokers, S92 Genetic factors COPD pathogenesis and, 174, 176-178. 231 twin studies, effects of smoking, 45-48, 95 ° Germany CHD morbidity and mortality in, 91-92, 93 cigarette smoke inhalation cffects on animal respiratory tract in, 376 laryngeal neoplasms in, relationship to tobacco use, 381 lung neoplasms in, methods of retrospec- tive study of smoking in, 349, 351. 352 ' polonium-210 levels in Jungs of smokers in, 362 smoking and nicotine cffects on human blood lipids, 121 Gestational ace effect on perinatal mortality rates in smoking vs. nonsmoking mothcrs, 440446 and low-birth-weight infants, effcet of mafernal smoking, 417420 Glossary terms used in smoking and ventilatory function, 241 Giucose metabolism and insulin response, alteration effects on myocardial response, 62 Glycogen levels in mice lung exposed to cigarette smake, 187 Graphite respiratory tract carcinoma in workers exposed to, 282 Grip strength effect of smoking, 611, 612 Guanethidine blockage of nicotine cardiac stimulation by, 53 Guinea pigs lung neoplasm development following chronic nickel carbonyl or dust inhalation, 282 lungs of, cigarette smoke effects on surfactant activity, 28t lespisatory changes in, exposed to cigarette smoke, 188 Hamsters benzo(a)pyrene inhalation by, effect of asbestos dust on carcinoma induc- tion, 188 bladder neoplasms in, fed 2-naphthy- lamine, 322 cigarette smoke instillation or implan- tation effects on tracheobronchial tree of, 294,372-374 ~ larynx of, effect of cigarette smoke inhalation on, 307, 310 lung and embryos, effects of cigarette smoke tars on, 369-370 pulmonary changes from chronic nitro- gen dioxide inhalation, 246 respiratory tract of, C-14 labeled particu- lates deposition in, 307-308 respiratory tract of, cigarette smoke inhalation effects on, 294, 377 Health Insurance Plan myocardial infarction in pipe and cigar smokers under, 28, 34-35 Heart effect of nicotine, 32 Heart rate effect of exercise and smoking, 6124616 effect of smoking and coronary disease, 41,43 Hematite dust, respiratory tract neoplasms in hamsters exposed to, 374 Hematocrit variations in, effect on coronary blood flow, 62 Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen, CO effects on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate control of, 56-57 variations in, effect on coronary blood flow, 62 Heterocyche compounds carcinogenic properties in cigarette smoke, 290, 291 Hexamethonium blockage of nicotine cardiac stimulation by, 53 Hookahs smokers of, laryngeal neoplasm induc- tion in, 382 Humidity and pathologic effects of exposure to cigarette smoke, 495 Hungary methods used for retrospective studies of lung neoplasms in, 354 Hydrocyanie acid as probable contnbutor to health haz- ards of smoking, 628 Hydrogen cyanide in cigarette smoke, effects on body oxidative metabolism, 58 Hydrogen sulfide as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 Hydroquinone as suspected contributor to health hazards of smoking, 629 3-Hy droxykynurenine excretion of, smoking effects on, 322 Hydroxyproline level in mice lung exposed to cigarette smoke, 187 Hypertension smoking effects in, 137-141 summary of recent lindings, 155 Hy poxemia carbon dioxide effects on, 57,71 Hypoxia aortic atheromatosis development in rabbits exposed ta, 60 postoperative, in smokers, 200, 256 postural, mechanism in asymptomatic smokers vs. nonsmokers, 173 tissue, carbon monoxide effects on, 57 Iceland lung neoplasms in, relationship to tobacco smoking, 270 Indeno(1,2,3