This lecture was sponsored by the Bilderback Foundation, the Doernbecher Hospital Guild, the Portland Academy of Pediatrics, and Department of Pediatrics at OHSU. My lecture was as broad as possible for the varied pediatric audience and began with a history of the progress we had made against infectious diseases in children, then I sketched a brief profile of the demography of the patient population of the future that led to the "Graying of America", and on to the causes of death most prominent in today's culture. Then shifting course a little, I talked about the major hurdles ahead of us, which included too little time, and not enough money, and then went on to delve deeper into those two problems that had to do with subjects as far ranging as smoking, physical fitness and exercise, research-based public education programs directed to the vulnerable, and into the problems the coming development of the "baby-boom" generation. I closed the lecture by pointing out as I have been before the necessary connection between the practictioner and his experience informing the research endeavors of the country. My ability to deliver this lecture was facilitated by one of my former trainees, John Campbell, who was director of the section of pediatric surgery in the Department of Surgery at the Oregon Health Sciences University. Aging Biomedical and Behavioral Research Blood pressure control Cancer Demography of patient population Demography of care Dilemmas, research, priority fragmentation and parochialism in medicine Federal Health Policy Heart disease Immunization Infectious disease Infant mortality Life expectancy Motor vehicle fatalities Physical fitness Smoking Stroke Dr. Joseph Bilderback "Healthy People" "Objections of the Nations"