July 25, 1960 Miss Abigall Van Buren The San Francisco Chrontcle San Francisco, California Qear Miss Van Buren: Your letter of July 26 was given to me by Professor J. Lederberg. You ask whether the likelihood for normal offspring In consar:gulneous marriages is Increased when there Is no hereditary abnormality known in the common families. No quantitative answer te this question Is still available, but the increase in favorable chences which can be wotained by tiie knowledge you mentioned is likely to be so small that 1 would not recommend using It to counterbalance other arguments against consanguineous marriage. Most hereditary abnormalities tend to remain concealed and the rarer ones are often revealed primarily tn the progeny of such matings. + Yours sincerely, tL. L. Cavalli-Sforza Visiting Professor of Genetics