D C Gazis Technology and Science Thank you for an enjoyable reprint. I have been urging a rediscovery of a similar theme in health research policy. The "process-phase model" is plainly wrong; but there has been insufficient meta analysis to offer a studied alternative. You might be interested to see Beecher, HK "Disease and the Advancement of Basic Science." Harvard, 1960. Even that only barely touches on Avery/DNA which may be the most seminal example Sincerely Joshua Lederberg