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GENOME SHOCK AS A MEANS OF REPROGRAMMING GENOMES:
A. The multipotentials of a genome, ,

1. Caterpillar and moth. Two distinctive organisms from single genome:
Programming systems.
2. Termites: winged males and females, neotenic adults, soldiers,

3. Migratory locusts: Solitary, non-migrating: pink to yellow
Gregarious: lay few eggs. Green color

4, Aphids: sexual and parthenogenic

Dd» Ants: gueens; workers, different tpes;soldiers,

6. Honey bees -queens, workers (females) drones.

7. Parasites: sequence of distinct types in different hosts in cycle.

8. Mimicry: different mimics from models in locality from single
genome. Papilio species, females only. Different regions, different
models and mimics,

9. Plant morphologies depending on environment. Sea coast to mountain,
Growth chambers, Cornell, potato; distinctions depending on

environment. earlier

B, Multipotentials of genome in response to some/challienge to genome:
Plant galls and their significance

1. Vitus plant, cecidomyids; types of galls. (photo). Three distinctly
galls on same plant; each from specific insect. Growth types.
Extraordinary reprogramming.

2. Oak trees; oak galls and species specificity. Oak apple and wasp:
the exceptional morphology of this gall (and those on other oaks.)

3. Nitrogen-fixation galls on roots; very specific organization

4, Teratomas: mixed up programming. Crown gall.

C. Direct response of genome to some types of shock. Two main classes

1. Programmed responses: Heat shock; repair of UV damage to DNA;
repair of DNA replication méstakes; fusion of broken ends of
chromosomes; telomere formations on ends of newly broken chromosomes,

2. Improvised responses to challenge,

Tissue culture: animals=reorganized genome and chromosomes.
plants=reorganized genome, several levels. New plants.

Strain crosses: Drosophila hybrid dysgenesis: reorganizations.
The initial response followed by quieting down,

Species crosses: Frogs, chromosome alterations.
Nicotiana species crosses: N. tabacum x

Poisons: plants near slag from mine: poison; recovery; change,
Amoeba, infection, recovery, necessity.
Amoeba nudei transfered,two species, Amoeba strain isolated,
crossed=like two species crosses (nuclear exchanges.)

Methotraxate and other drugs with animal tissue cultures:
Dihydrofolate reductase amplifications. What this
means at the molecular level,
GENOME SHOCK -2-

D. Evidence of responses to genome shock that occurred in origin of some

1.

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species and genera.

Some of the above such as response of plant to insect egg laying:
programmed in the past. Changes in Amoeba to "poison",
Mimicry Papilo; regional models.

Drosophila melanogaster and simulans: changes in locations and amounts
of repetitious DNAs, not of known genes,
Most extraordinary:

Muntjac deer. Muntiacus reevesi: chinese muntjak m=46 chromosomes.

7 in male the oPeRt ae vaginalis, Indian muntjac -2n =6 in female,

Types of changes observed in testes; fusion types. Maize fusion types.

Maize knobs-teosintes in Mexico vs teosintes in Guatemala; in other
plants. Some special event, possibly related to diversity of maize.