CGontinu chromo I. II. A 1. 26 Be 56 wi ge Begin again, Transvosition Ds 755D. pa a). Selected C Sh bd). ce). Crossed to female orl February Lh, 195h. Locations of Ds in short arm of ation of Tra nspositicn of Ds: 3 m : . ss why e the states of Ds, Oo osome 9, the missing regions; ge 3 of FObruary 1 discussion, secnnd illustration - Ds 710, Origin: in cross of C Sh Bz Wx Ds Ac male ec sh Bz wx ds ac female x “@ sh Bz wx ds Ao “_ Table: aenenmnecaset kernels on ear ea Toliteg:) vm De ATO wezgual, Appearance of Bariegation exhibited by odd kernel: Breaks between Sh and Wx: eC a). ¢ Sh Wx with c sh Wx areas, Wx subareas in/Wx sectors, Places Ds to left of Wx, b). No twin deep C - c areas, Places Ds to right of C Plant grown from kernel in greenhouse. Fresumed consitution: C Sh Ds Wx Ac ec sh ds wx ac Position with regard to Bz required determination, Greanhouse plant crossed to: (1) e¢ sh Bz wx ds ac plant: Showed Ds between Sh and Wx, (2) © sh bz wx ds ac nian ats Betucen Bz and 3 showed Ds to right of Bz: Tables will be given from cross«s made in field the following SUITE. Wx varlegat:-d kernels from cross (1) Plants grown fron them in fol} owing surmer, slants: c sh Bz wx ds ac, Sernels Tobie 5 vs On E687 Table on n board. (2) . Uh tanaed Do HTIG - ws yee ly m 1). Crossed to C sh bz wx ds ac female plants: types of kernels on ear: Table on boasua, < ‘i iy === = #8) [Losericeity in classifying all of the va wwleratcod kernels: the spread of Bz substance into bz a~ "CaS. Only kernels that could be Greesiated with great certainty placed in Me). Variegated kernels selected from :ross of sreenhouse plant to C sh bz wx ds ac nlant: \ “resumed constitution: © Sh Bz Ds Wx Ac C sh bz ds wx ac, % } Crossed tc G sh bz wx ds ac female plants, Jests—on- poor: Crossed to ec sh Bz wx ds ac female ~lants, L Not crossed to c sh bz wx ds ac female plants as this stock not available at tine tests were made, 6. Gomperisons of variercated kernels from all of the crosses? Pableon board? @ wake q wt aeeegeae > 47/0 Selection of one of the two crossover classes in each case, Thesefore, the ratios give the cross-over percentages: L 2 Sh Ds Wx “sh dS WX» The % Sh 2% Ds Wx Ac kernels: 1138 " sh Ds Wx kernels (Ac): 135 9.13% 2 Sh Ds wx; Ac kernels : 205 13.87% 23% the normal amount between Sh and Wx, The position of Dsl710: Sh Ds Wx 1 ° 1.52 he cobSisu iit. The position where Ds has entered and been studied: Non-random, Bdmora) I Sh Bz Wx eee LA VS See Cowl : $% $ 2 po \ Aust prubuio rb, 2. Positions between I and Sh: I Sh “ s 3 cases 2 cases I/5 crossover distance Just to left of Sh between JI and Sh 3. Reasons why Ds not seen in other v@sitions: Produce either lethal condition in heterozygote -- dominant lethal, or very much reduced viability, a). Evidence from observed trans: obitions between Bz and Wx -+ many give defective kernels, Sone give defective embryos; some ‘give normal kernels but these do not germinate, b). Kezrmels from abcut half of the cascs of transvesition of Ds to new positions did not give plants even when they apnesred to be normal, ec), Study of effets of Ds when located between I and Sh -- produces dominant lethals or low viabilities in heterozygote -= will be discussed latcr, 4. hat about cases of insertion of Ds at known loci? Produce mutable "7 s a + + genes, This must be postponed until another aspect of Ds discussed, IV. What hapnens to Ds at the standard Llocsticn?when transpositions occur? 1. Cases of no Ds at standard location: I Sh Bz Wx Ds to Ds I Sh Bz Wx No Ds at standard location, 2, Cases of Ds at standard location: Two tyrves: 1 2 Ds I Sh Bz Wx Ds - both Ds's give frequent breaks, 1 2 Ll. 20. Ds I Sh Bz Wx Ds - Ds .gives many breaks but Ds” behaves quite differently. 3. The nature of the diiference in behavior of the twee trpes of Ds will be discussed, Important for our understanding of mutsble loci and their action, V. The changed states of Ds, 1. the first case of recognition of altered Ds action, The cross? C sh bz wx ds ac female x I Sh Bz wx Ds Ac male C0 sh bz wx ds ak 2, The pattern of variegation exhibited by majority of kernels: Like that of photographs when 1 Ac present, 3. In all tests -- set sectors on some of the kernels: \--) Cc ywlen pollina lie Occasionally a whole kernel has tris type of pattern, What has changed? t; it Ds ? Is it Ae? 5. The tests to discover this: a). Kornels taken off ears plants grown from it, Crosses to C sh br wx ds ac females. The same pattern aprears in Variegated kernels as’ that from which plant arose, Crosses to c sh Bz wx ds acs Crossover classes with C and Ds: the pattern in the © - ¢ kernels: sane as that from which plant arose, Crossed to J Sh Bz Wx Ds no Ac. ‘The constitution of the kernels: ISh Bz Wx Ds / I Sh Bz we "Dg" 1 Ac. Considerable amount of veriegation -= wx APELSs I Sh Bz Wx Ds / CG sh bz we df 1 Ac -- many G sh bz wx areas, b). Kernels from the I Sh Bz Wx Ds / I Sh Bz wx "Ds" with large wx areas removed, Plants prow from them, crossed to C sh bz wx ds ac female plants, The types of kernels on the resulting ears: Table: Wx, non-veriegated has WX, non-variegated hie Wx var. new pattern 3h WX var, usual pattern 10 I Ir IoWx var. usual pattern 361 I I Iwx var, new pattcrn 36h c). Conclusions: +t is not the Ac factor that is responsible for the altered pattern, Ds in the Wx carrying chromosome behaved normally with regard to pattern, Like theAc in the plant that gave rise to the original aberrant kernel, (2). It is the Ds in tre I Sh Bz wx chromoscme that is altered, (3). The 10 kernels in the I wx class showing the regular pattern prob-bly arose from crossing-over: tL wh rT wb (1), The 34 kernels with the new pattern prosbably arose from several causes: (a), From crossing-over (b). Sew changed in the Ds in the I Sh Bz Wx Ds ghromoso-ne, (c),. Possible changes in action of Ac, V. Heom [ests of the stability of the new pattern of variegation produced by the altered Ds, 1. The original change from refular pattern to new pattern comes in one step: The few kernels with these patterns in crosses and the a cearance of an occasional sector guggest this. 2. Can the Ds change back to the original type of variegation pattern? 3. The test methods: I Sh Bz Wx or wx Ds-altered pattern carrying plants crossed to C sh bz wx ds ac plants, (a). Kernels on ears examined for any showing a higher frequency of brenks. Few found, *hese removed from ear, phants grwen from the, (bo). These plants, in turn, crossed to C sh bz wr ds ac plantse Majority of variegated kernels on ear now like that woich gave rise to plant. A few kernels with slightly more variegation, these, in turn, selected, plants grown from them, and crosses mace tc C sh bz wx ds ac plants. variegated (ce). Again, majority of/kernels on ear shiow the pattorn given by the kernel from which the plant arose, (a). It recuired about 3 generations of careful selection to get a Ds that behavéd like the original Ds that produced the f-1, pattern, lh, These diffcrences in the behavior of Ds -« altered states of DS. VI, ‘he meaning of these states is very immortant and will be much clarified when the mutable genes are considered. Before doing tiuis, 4 will Giscuss, brifely at beginnins of next period, the method of transposi- tion of Ds, ——e ene eRe. nig: $ ech B, uy dh Ch Bz W A. 3 $ Oe 7 a] C Sh Bz We B Oc. Cohy ry do Won- dodoon. Cagis: Cok We cove = 40% BL = 143 wu-lew + 222 © ody uy ~ “4 ‘ AB = L Crs oper gh Glut woven = 54 C Sh 44 S Ae = O - Wu = 1% C oh, We Lien gy Viol = CShWwe rh CW arrar. tho alr Xave 4 Atlan Unclris Thow . ho Dory 0 --< Low PA Ro Rengcprls: Do beh Sh aud Tx. Qopeunes in oh r-g Claas wtb be Couutrad Mow — ell fl ® @ oboe Ds 4715 Tok 5. 2 By wydoe 2% x CSh [WJb+ fe aa = Oe 2k Koon dan ' a C6. € gh [Ogjlu+ 2 Oh do Ly Yon. Qari. - W-L.. SOE > V3) CS WF hen. 2 SOL § & bh Ay = 482 a ' Wm-v®. = 43 C wk ny ~ Abs \ AL = oO - ww2 = A Sn Wy 23 fi hid \ NO” . > 25 \ Caorr - Ore Reg. 2 Oda uy wer. FTES S Mh. - 13 - Wow = ANH ear Wy. Mee = 417 Regosvs \+2 Coakley vm =F ® XN ABn.. xz \ 6 & sn bord DB 4710 Table 9. Loa Sh Qh bus ah. ds Ay . Total They “Wow Cxsorcutin wi CAS7>- TUN, Cig- Dito. Urea bor F] Perso Shilve ean. Sh to_Do Dato le AR OR | Ce] 4 55 a b 31) U2 b2 Uts™ "1 139 ay ua 206 % 271 10 13 Totals 113% - Lo. Ws2 Uinjot 4710 = ChB, Ole | 4675-R-2 1s Cugun = Table 1. Meare LAB updo x CWB, Web — fe = C84 Lay 3 Cc yon 6.0 Ww: wer: oY C Shloy ‘Vn > sz, CShWe wah 2a Ques- Cah ayo Mowe = 222 ‘ . Cio. SKE Wy (ag retin oy ah any ace wwe = 64 0 Shay WG Ywedaun Wr Kong, \ Ae = & C dh Wp “= "5 | a AORN 1 ook Kound = Cehloe sual canes the Wee Wa a len doy etter Ofpylersil: dy Tl = a aa ¥ Cha wi kh SD awe 6) Gndbone = (dma we ) Cah ery do ne 4 675 R-2 pm-eo. COhR loy 7 tun = OS Oo Nm 2 sr C Cite Oto) Cobh ly dey = 109 “at Cah Ploy ~ . . Cok wy & > 5 ava" CS hou, MG. 2 C.0, poh, C pons tm, wot a habees Dbbeaut Lal, | ahi “dota uci Loud. as Tey A) er . ) Cok b We Rh Of Mornrart Rows - plot 4710, ‘perallcnre : Ch 8; BW+ r Vo nab By DAOC , Gearbiqure | Tubbs GS Wn-co. Mn- VOr CSHB, Wy OSL | | se et oe i\—-— ee ate OT int: fo ey Tabs ee wh Louies S bk a cyt 502° fh By do by Tabi stew Totals gs a RTCA ar tg st AQ Pe 3 Coahug — tone NBA 43 - oO | 0 0 i i i te i Coll Ore, $4 + UTIO = guts ey S143 - Nn: hye Osh By lw+ ‘ = |549 = 371 Cah Be Ds ue Re lod 7 & a RB Or by % on™ Tobe 6 265 170 Five onto Cdhhuyaron 4 CShBDUL RK ¢ Cah dn ay 9 Toke 7 ec wv = TY Sn Bus \ Arey = 139 Cah ay = 32 C Shh aey = 10 - \Wen- ver = i% C dh Bw By + N ABT = 4 COA I NBL = Ho ~ )3s Won Ve = ¢ ahh WH NB = LY C sh w+ =o Cah Bo uy = 3 Von- m& Casaane from fu Bola x allo 4 ho pia gale Maral oul (Thre uh ke) Sh Wwe ver wh Bry Alp nes ” - ~ . 8 “Ww ee Cray - is US, Anns ; | tac sue Poy ee a Benen | } ShbO | pty, | abncy Arle | SwbB |p Toke 5 4- | bol SOG Tb | | Tob 6 | 37) bg 62 Ub Tobey 7 139 ae 2 lob Tabdo 4 1] lo 50 ut crerermmenaen emeninmenstie ee Totals / lt 3% | 13S) hos 1477 CG lo Ce. 9.12 3.47 Va aoe Uy HNSS ev / 16 MQua, Cobh uy Mh Oe. | ~ TShe,Weh he oe a Tobe , TRS 14 by - TW woh Ch dy oxtde = ee a7 Bub ed a, We, = 16 t AL t \ any ao: ra s ad i - us Prevet be © = = Koreli 2 L aver uA GAlg J Wai C4 dy Atte 5 > 7 (ap lorey \ ( dig Pty ads I Sh Ry We h/ TSE, wu sane | 4 } x Sh Bay Wit; wd paler. A Lrprsc KiLiey geliag 0. b AY os TT. 2 D4s772 eee Rue 1 Ish be By, ward bral, meee be wea Bz Od Wp = —- | Do 45977 D lox SHB lo ‘ unr} beat te Lutey i, “ho hres aluey 2. Peeut frow Dhoyaut Aewl 2 IT Why. a ke: Cath | 4 Crporcet ly OD ag Oy Og Korb ty pe Table e ESR Cah sO TSh wer - WYO = bag rsh wich CBs- Ch vor = 1b T Qh won - vr = a7 244 Tak, wath Ch drte, > gr Cdbinuée p-luuctipe ). ¢ aly - 193 C ShRy \ UN - dow = 5 - %t5 C adn By W- VoL lest 2, Same ot & ah By doo. Table a. men Y Kenly = T Sh = S317 = Wx.C.o. I wh = i] =~ Clo. C thom = Cdn We-vm= 1b =G0. Ch with Ortorcy 2. . Ware dorceralia wath iy C Orns | nuked © them, Offs: tise pg Cab, Won - P62 = LIF ei he Tubs, we oT Joo log” vaste t Cal Wi do 0 £2. be TUR, Wa, Rous eboowerg MMs, il = ENV Bay Re nat C Unnd on 772 a a / Tobey @Tronte Sy ew Re - : Oe 0 Crank We LYemutys, 5 C Roun. hon on = S74 - AUS wy buotse Lefty) = 44g 7" CAA Che inet ua) Worn (iualite Megtg 3) © VB WWF Vaeugeys 6g 2 citek : Wn- or = HEB. | Wor ve = 76 x Wy < PO anal qe ° ob, Wr wee me YQ (ShBy my - Renaud, * un duty Vor, ~ 0 Qo-% ton- vow = 3 TSK We, q 2 Warren, = 443 NL = AL © ich By ta ver - Oo Cy Gatos 10 naa Be, C03 - . = Ib Ts\, Bl Yow - ptt 3 : OO d | “otal C Rowdy: 170% = Ve tAboy prow | ; C.0, vom T+, 07 Uo Cu, Jey = 4 Cah) uy MON- V6" ? Tt Wn = 5.6% "Shh WEF 201% Yat 4 Som, ol# & anh Roze FE = Su TObAg . Wy he. = rs p Anh on 9 7 au} oe ot 67 0 Cobh We T harm (= Colerloer ) T Sh wy 7 67 Cob loy un-we > 1&7 ve 1398 (nh to wel Mena; tho bbw te Leary cock core) “ Mr = bF Rush Zptac wap me Bee > +r adW+ - Won-ver = 54 ey C sh 7, Mone, = 9b \ Non. ie, re fron = . 1% 7 “ SMe = O TS Wwy- Wo- ve, = AN" can a L Wrvun < 390 oo * Wer bad = 192 Cale. ay S ML 2 3 heh Ktae — _ ms co, ate . Pq ar ¥ x = tur till 7 - MEN WL = oh a ee " C Sh log t TOD x Kennels = mm, = 0 % Yoeewe 4 uy oor, pubes, aust lolon C rowel = 1% 48 TS WO, Hoos war Lol, (S&F bE BET KT = HD = TM Kays Mw Unlerlran rh. wa wot” | CR) for} : t an t “* Deru. — Qo, hey 2 > Cre, hah = : at 5, 4p Te + G4 = t00 = 89484 y = 397 = QI, to