Lecture 6, January 25, 195)
Continuation of inheritance behavior o2 Ac,

I, Review of previous talk:

1. The inh xitance of Ac -~ progeny tests:
a). > ratios: 1 AcAc : 2 Ac ac : 1 ac ae
b). Backcross tests: Ac ac x ac ac LL Ac ac: 1 ac ac
c), Ac Ac x ac ac 95 Ac ac : 1 no ac,

d). The ears produced by Re ¢ sh Wxds ac

Re ec sh Wx ds ac x C Sh wx Ds, ac

(1). The regular pattern of variegation ~- majority of

kernels,
(2). The unusual types of kernels:
No c spots or areas Completely colored kornels
Tiny specks of c Late Ds breaks in develorment

Areas only with few c specks
Barly losses or Ds breaks -- Like 1 Ac,

2. The effects of dosa of Ac: “he higher the dose, the later in dime
- of development EEet breaks occur at Ds,
3. The different isolates of Ac: In two doses: wee,
a). A speckled with recessive spots: late but uniform pattern of
bresks at Ds -- in certain cells, late in develonment,

b). Areas, distributed over kernel, in which bresks occur in some
cells, often associated with areas where no breaks occur,
Remainder of kernel has sneckled pattern of Ds breaks

c). “ernels where changes occur early to give sectors: these
resemble 0 Ac, 1 Ac, 2 Ac and 3 Ac in same kernel,

Suggest that something is hapnening to Ac during early
development thet resembles somatic Segregation,

II, The analysis of the unusual kernels on the ea~s produced by

Re c sh Wx Ac

Rec sh Wx Ac * © Sh wx Ds, no Ac P\dH I Ayr ay

=
1. Initial experiment: selected kernels showing no ec specks, tht is, no
evidence of presence of Ac and 2 kernels that showed very late losses
or breaks at Ds,

2. Because material available was not great, first ex-«rimont was sonething
of, a trial to detcrmine something of nature of events, Analysis made of
2 vlants derived from aberrant kernels: 2B from kernels with noe specks, and
2 from kurnels showing late losses of C,

3. Necessary to determine if Ac present or not, if Ds present in C chr-mosone
and if transmissions of chromosomes 9 in next generation wore normal -- that is
‘that no alterations had occurred to effect inheritance of chr-mosomes,
lh. The tests: Self pollination of each ~lant

Bach plant crossed to e ds/e ds, ac ac - "BN fot s Lachey
Bach plant crossed to a ds feds Ac Ac . Lo '
Hach plant crossed by Ac-tester: I Sh wx Ds, no Ac, —laty ve
gre Para
3 Vv whet

See Lg) - on booed.
III. Kernel types on ear from initial tests:

1. The plants showing no Ac:
a). Self-pollinated ear gave ®atio of 3 Colored, non-var, : 1 colorles
b). Crossed by I Sh wx Ds: All kermels colorless in wx class
No evidence of Ac,
¢). Crossed to ec ds / c¢ ds, ac ac Ratio of 1 Colored, non-var : 1 c/e

d). Crossed to ¢ ds / c ds, Ac Ac:

25 Colored, non-variegated or not obviously variegated
1159 Colored with arcas of ¢ produced by Ds breaks
1 colorless ( c/c class)

Shows that Ds in C Sh wx chromosome is active in presence of Ac.

(M Yet pe Be ak gy Bae
e). Concl:vsions: No Ac is present in these 1® plants,

2. Plants derived from colored kernels that gave no evidence of Ds
breaks; Ac present from tests. The Ac constitutions differed
among the plants. \2x

a). % plants: tests Sn Owe eS Ac factors present, Not linked,
Pee ae bo oa BE

b). @vilants: 1 Ae factor present but in action it resembles two
doses of original Ac. , Parco, Ete on x }

¢)e 2 plants: either 1 Ae with double dose action or 2 Ac very
closely linked; ow marked change in action of a

Sgmebeo Ac factors,

d). } plants: 2 Ac factors present) probably, ihtkeer linked,er
he Leet ieee, Pa ee eee Eee oekl eset feating
: 7 4 i ~ Acloca dens. AS f+ Lp bab Reni oe pis cn Re le Ge.
7% out can Oe coin ne Ree, eae, Oot ‘onelt heen 2 AEN RES Ce

3. The nature of the tests: The Ac ac; Ac ac plants,

 

a). Crossed to c ds/e ds, ac ac: Gave: (Example)

67 C, non-variegated kernels
266 Colored kernels with e areas: Two distinct classes of
kernels; those with early losses of Ds, thus some |
large colorelss areas; those with late losses of ¥
producing kerze ls with specks of c,
34.2 colorless kernels : the c/e class.

b). Crossed to plants that were c ds/e ds, Ac Ac.
256 Colored kernels; not obviously variegated , Strs mth ss che
6 Colored kernels with-aresa.om fully soeckeld with ec

70 Colored kernels - obviously vivdiriegated for ec areas
lh6L colorless kernels ( the e/e class)

¢). Crossed by Ac tester stock This was Re C Sh Wx ds / I Sh wx Ds, ac/ac,
Kernel types on resulting ears in the i ekazx wx class

 

N Cc Sh wx Ds Re C Sh Wx ds ac
Re c sn Wx ds x “Y T Sh wx Ds ac

Only the I wx kernels can be considered:

253 I wx kernels with no bbvious variegation for © areas
218 + wx kernels with heavily speckled pattern of CG (color)

ho I Wx ( the c Wx / I wx class; cant test Ac in these kernels)

Dingram of apsezrance of I wx kernels:

d). If we assumed plants being tested were Ac ac; Ac ac, the
gametic ratios for Ac would be:

1 Act Ac@ : 1 Agt : 1 Ac@ : 1 no Ae

Or: 1 Ac + Ac : 2 Ac : 1 no Ac,
Gametic ratio for Ac is 3 with Ac to 1 with no Ae

e). In cross to ¢ ds/ ¢ ds, no Ac would expect a ratio of 3 C -¢
variegated kernels to 1 with no variegation. Observed
266 variegated to 67 non-variegated, Two types of variegated
kernels: 1 with 2 Ac and 1 with 1 Ac, Divferences should be seen,
f). In cross to ¢ ds/ c ds, Ac Ac plants wovld get:

From female: From male: Ac constitution:
ratio dose
e ds ec ds 1 C Ds; no Ae 2 Ac
Ac Ac
2 "3; 1 Ac 3 Ae
1 " $3 2 Ac l. Ac

In wmlored class would expect 1 with 2 Ac : 2 with 3 Ac : 1 with
h Ac

1 AcAcAcAc : 2 Ac Ac Ac : 1 Ac Ae

If Ac is too high a dose to give Ds breaks early enough in development
of kernel, then this class would be non-veriegated. This would give C Sx wx
kernels. Ac tester stock used as female had an Ac that gives almost n>
effect in 3 doses, The small specks of ¢ that might anpear difficult to
see, Thus, Ac Ac Ac class could appear non-variegated, The l doses and

doses of Ac would produce kernels that were not obviously voriegated,
hus, ratio expected would be: 3 6¢ kernels, not obviously variegated :
1 that was variegated, showing speckles of c,
Observed: 256 GC, non-variegated : 70° -¢ varilegate d and speckled,
and 6 odd kernels -- only areas of specks of ec:
Appearance of kernels?
e in cross by I Sh wx Ds ac? C Sh wx Ds
e) 7 C Sh wx Ds
The wx class of colorles kernels: I Sh wx Ds

Female contribution

1 Ac Ac Ac Ac 3: 2 Ae Ac : 1 with no Ac

Ac 2 Ac no Ac
Expect: No obvious var. I-G No var, Gives: 1 gon-var
Vare cs .
Observed: 25R I wx, no certainly var. (some nad few C svecks?

218 I wx clearly var. for ¢ specks

f). If this projected constitution is correct, then it should be
possible to prove it by progeny tests: This was done for l} of the 6
plants that geve ratios in these i itial tests indicating the presence of
e Ac factors, independently located in chromosome commlement and not
linked to factors in short arm of chromosome 9,

IV. The progeny tests conducted with plants assummed to be Ac ac: Ac ac,
1. The Appearance of plants: Table on board,
2, The reason for the white streaks and their frequency:
a). Ds break covld occur in either chromosome; lrinw” Ds
chromo® ime, a white streak wuld appear, If a coincident Ds in both
chromosomes, then cells homozygous deficient for 2/3 of short arm would

be formed, These do not produce tissue that can pe seen, hey appesr to
be cells with enormous nuclei: *

this seen in the examination of the glumes of such plants:

b). If Ac dose is high, then events occur very late, w streaks
may not be seen in the green background, If 1 Ac present, Ds breaks occur
early enough to produce a good streak, easily seen,
~ ih»

3, Tests of the plants in columns A and B for Ac inheritance, Two

plants selected from both A and B of each culture in Fig, 2

a). Hach plant crossed to a C sh bz wx ds, ac plant:

The cross: Female Hale
Column A C sh be ds, ac I Sh Bz Ds Ac ac; Ac ac
C Sh Bz Ds
Column B " " Ac ac

b). Expected ratio of kernel types from crosses of plants in colum A:
(1)Gametes: 1 Ac Ac : 2 Ace : 1 no Ac
$ with Ac to 1 with no Ac
Kernels should be in both | and C classes: 3 variegated to 1 non-var,

a xX
(2). The observed ratio of kernel types: figure 3 on board,

ee pty Nt PAH

 

All ratios as expected excent for 1 aberrant plant: This
plant had new change of Ac, It was AcAec ac.

“eason why C Bz variegated kernels fewer than exnected: -
Can not see variegation in a purely speckled pattern.

iil ° i + : -
“he two types of variegated kernels: “ate losses of Dominant: 2Au
Barly losses of " -1 Ae

lh. Tests of plants in colwm B for Ac inheritance, Two nlants
selected from each culture to be tested: The expected gametic
ratio for Ac Ll with 1 Ac : 1 with no Ae,
The expected ratio of kernel types: I variegated to 1 non-varieg,.

the observed types of kernels in cross: Figure lh, on board,

5. Conclusions:
1. Summary of procedure so far:
a). Ac ac plants self-pollinated
b). “ound the expected ] Ac Ac : 2 Ac ac : 1 ac ac inF
(Allelic) 2 have 1 Ac

C)e Gametes of Ac Ac plants testod for Ac, by cross with ae. All shoul
“ajority of kernels had expected pattsrn produced by Ac
Few unexpected types of kernels. Among them, » me with
no evidence of Ac,
23 suchkkernels removed from ears, Plants grown from them and

tested for Ac, :

il plants: No evidence for Ac, Ac not in samete produced by
Ac Ac plant,

12 plants: Ac present, In 6 of them, constitution was
apoarently Ac ac; Ac ac, Iwo non-allelic, non-linked
Ac factors from plant that was Ac Ac, allelic, All
gametes should have had only 1 Ac,
Progeny from l of the 6 plants assumed to have Ac ac; Ac ac
tested. These tests confirmed the Ac ac; Ac ac co stitu-
tion in the select d cases derived f from ¢ non-var,. kerne

2, The reason that Ac not seen in original non-variegated kernel:
The dose of Ac too high: ll Ae present in the endosperm,
3. To see the Ac action, must use an Ac ac; Ac ac plant as a pollen
carent, Then, kernels have either Ac Ac or Ac - 2 or 1 dose of Ac.

lh. Evidence so oe shows that Ae can be lost to a gamete in an Ac Ac plant
(allelic positicns of Ac). Or, an extra Ac factor can appear in sme
gometcose

7. The relaticnship between

ck

the two suspected, Ratios were 11 to 12,

« Can suspect bransnos* tic on of Ac from one location to another,
Premature to consider this now, but better to have sometuing in
mind,
Diagram of possible origin of No Ac and 2 Ac,
Wy iy Bt wie OT ae a a af, mS .
ze re a bo ye EWR Se poe eR Ouse pp Mune
geht Re. a i of
lh Ne he
\ ‘NA ecemealpenitonnrraasiiinns eS fp teen a
: eee
—_ he Ce
\e At iy
‘ bye I he ea
. : : 4 4 “a so een ern & i Three —
i Moe te. As tigal (rw Ae seen meme eps —
4 Ce. me, . ares he 4 Ke
in .

9. This would fit with observations of the sectorial k- nels. Photos; (2)
Somatic segregations of the Ac factor, wovld give these patterns.
In many cas s@S, associated with a break at Ds,

IV. The cxaminaticn to present:

f. 1 \ A, vet . 4s Ry
gis MLE
Reo cyl gy C2 an ,
KL ot Uy & ( Su ads Be. Lake we &&
fe ee Uy ae - .
we " : cA OR . Ef K 4 ‘i ki He Ne.
Pima: \ 0 web y’ Keun , 20 Mah ber, KU Bean, Cos
‘ ak tv Week Cy \ Veal ~ AMO Ne [ J , = iP Nae bio 4
“coe wading wardeats try = Ny Wie tg
ARCS MAING NONE Wit) ne Glad 7 ON Mae LC & lene bea WERE gira oly
“ ‘ . i . :

bee \otirhs
fn LL to \-
CNG Pex Bias, HOE) = 4

< op me Be (ket ot

i
" a 4 : ~ .
VEMETD Saye eed fete Nu ‘ . . .
wth gy levee MBL ah
V. Tests of the AcAc ac plants:

1. Ke nel types in crosses bo ¢ ds, ac females:

104. C to ¢ variegated: GC.
12) C, non-variegated

233 colorless (c/e kernels)

2. Kernel types in crosses to ¢ ds/e ds. AcAc
68 with no sharp veriegation -= small

areas of © to ec,

sp

71 with ty>ical 2 Ac dose C to c variega

1h6 colorless (c/c)

3. By w I Sh wx Ds / Re C Sh Wx ds, ac ac.

Seute

88 I way with eaty few specks of C

The
: @ I

sp

he

11 plants from these
kernels Tobtesq (Vere

ty wes jee).

All had few wd stresks
(Like 2 Ae action of

original Ac)

De

2 plants crossed to
females: C sh bz, ds, ac

iy ob! £
Be)

*

I, non-var, I-Cbz C Bz CBz-Chz

Plant 1

Yiant

Th
100

61
118
*

63
112

0 1

Plant 2 100

Plant 2

D
Joly laos T®
\e:

lor
\

Tat 2) ond Cae of beh [oe qm Uy

Toke, ba eos

vable
Fie

Like Ac Ac type of original
a

(allelic)

ecks of c in some or small

tion

—

I kernels only: |. 46
wx, neavily : 111 I Wx
eckled with G

\
2 plants from these
kernels Tose od

Both had many wd streaks
(1 Ac tyne of opiginal
Ae action)

Ch
Both crossed to 53)
females: C sh bz ds, ac

Ignon) I-Cbz CBz CBz-bz
Vare
97 lll Bh ae
225 165 195 166
ir
Loni lipo T By
py (esi
6. Conclusions: Altered Ac acts like AcAc -- double dose of Ae
action at a single locus or:
Two Ac loci present, closely linked,

ent showed much, I was not satisfied with the
ase, especially the ones that apveared to show
altered Ac acticn as well as altered numbers, Also, the
tests were not large enough for any one plant; also, the Ace
tester stocks could have been better, Thee fore, the second
experiment conducted, and much more precisely with regard to
detalls.

VI, Although first experin
tests in every ec

e

Summary of results of the combi-ed experiments, I and II,

h2 plants examined from C, non-veriegated kernels:
19 - No Ac
16 - Ac acs; Ae ae Two non-linked Ac

e™ 4
1 AcAc ac; Ac ac Two non-linked Ac; one with double-dose

action,
6 Ache ac

8 plants from kernels showing only a few ec specks
~~.

Ac ac; Ac ac ‘Tw non-linked Ac

1 Acde ac; Ac ac Two non-linked Ac; one with double dose actia
3 AcAc ac

8 plants from kernels showing a heavily spyeckled pattern of c dots,
“ate losses of © but uniform in pattern,

2@ AcAc ac or two closely linked Ac, In one dose, very
irregular patterns: Gametic ratios irregular; many
altered types of pattérns of var, Suggests early
transpositions of Ae

.. Ac ac; Cne Ac but dosage action increased over thet of

original Ac but not doubled in action,

“\
1 "AcAc" ac, The Ac action altered, Produces early
sectorials in one dose,

l Ac ac. One Ac, Covld not discover any modification in action
corpsrkd to original Ac,

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