Barbara McClintock
Born: Hartford, Connecticut
16 June 1902
Secondary Education: Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, New York.
Earned Degrees:
B.S. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1923
M.A. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1925
Ph.D. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 1927
Positions held:
Instructor in Botany, Cornell University 1927-1931
Fellow, National Research Council 1931-1933
Fellow, Guggenheim Foundation 1933-1934
Research Associate, Cornell University 1934-1936
Assistant Professor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 1936-1941
Staff Member, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1942-1967
Distinguished Service Member, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 1967 to Present
Visiting Professor, California Institute of Technology 1954
Consultant, Agricultural Science Program, The Rockefeller Foundation 1963-1969
Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large, Cornell University 1965-1974
Honorary Doctor of Science:
University of Rochester 1947
Western College for Women 1949
Smith College 1957
University of Missouri 1968
Williams College 1972
The Rockefeller University 1979
Harvard University 1979
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters: Georgetown University 1981
Awards:
Achievement Award, Association of University Women 1947
Merit Award, Botanical Society of America 1957
Kimber Genetics Award, National Academy of Sciences 1967
National Medal of Science 1970
Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Work in Basic Medical Research 1978
The Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award for Research in Biochemistry 1978
Salute from the Genetics Society of America, August 18, 1980
Professional Societies:
AAAS
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American Philosophical Society
American Society of Naturalists
Botanical Society of America
Genetics Society of America (Vice President, 1939; President, 1945)
National Academy of Sciences
Sigma Xi
Publications:
Randolph, L.F. and McClintock, B. 1926. Polyploidy in Zea mays L. Am. Nat. 60: 99-102.
Beadle, G.W. and McClintock, B. 1928. A genie disturbance of meiosis in Zea mays. Science 68: 433.
McClintock, Barbara. 1929. A cytological and genetical study of triploid maize. Genetics 14: 180-222.
-- 1929. A method for making aceto-carmin smears permanent. Stain Technology 4: 53-56.
-- 1929. A 2N-1 chromosomal chimera in maize. Jour. Hered. 20: 218.
-- 1929. Chromosome morpholoy in Zea mays. Science 69: 629.
-- 1930. A cytological demonstration of the location of an interchange between two non-homologous chromosomes of Zea mays. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 16: 791-796.
McClintock, Barbara and Hill, H. E. 1931. The cytological identification of the chromosome associated with the R-G linkage group in Zea mays. Genetics 16: 175-190.
McClintock, Barbara. 1931. The order of the genes C, Sh, and Wx in Zea mays with reference to a cytologically known point in the chromosome. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 17: 485-491.
Creighton, Harriet B. and McClintock, Barbara. 1931. A correlation of cytological and genetical crossing-over in Zea mays. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 17: 492-497.
McClintock, Barbara. 1931. Cytological observations of deficiencies involving known genes, translocations and an inversion in Zea mays. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 163: l-30.
-- 1932. A correlation of ring-shaped chromosomes with variegation in Zea mays. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 18: 677-681.
-- 1933. The association of non-homologous parts of chromosomes in the mid-prophase of meiosis in Zea mays. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie 19: 191-237.
-- 1934. The relation of a particular chromosomal element to the development of the nucleoli in Zea mays. Zeitschrift fur Zellforschung und mikroskopische Anatomie, 21: 294-328.
Creighton, Harriet B. and McClintock, Barbara. 1935. The correlation of cytological and genetical crossing-over in Zea mays. A corroboration. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 21: 148-150.
Rhoades, M.M. and McClintock, Barbara. 1935. The cytogenetics of maize. Bot. Review 1: 292-325.
McClintock, Barbara. 1937. The production of maize plants mosaic for homozygous deficiencies: Simulation of the bm1 phenotype through loss of the Bm1 locus. Genetics 22: 200.
-- 1938. A method for detecting potential mutations of a specific chromosomal region. Genetics 23: 159.
-- 1938. The production of homozygous deficient tissues with mutant characteristics by means of the aberrant mitotic behavior of ring-shaped chromosomes. Genetics 23: 315-376.
-- 1938. The fusion of broken ends of sister half-chromatids following chromatid breakage at meiotic anaphases. Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 290: l-48.
-- 1939. The behavior in successive nuclear divisions of a chromosome broken at meiosis. Proc, Nat. Acad. Sci. 25: 405-416.
-- 1941. The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays. Genetics 26: 234-282.
-- 1941. The association of mutants with homozygous deficiencies in Zea mays. Genetics 26: 542-571.
-- 1941. Spontaneous alterations in chromosome size and form in Zea mays. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 9: 72-80.
-- 1942. The fusion of broken ends of chromosomes following nuclear fusion. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 11: 458-463.
-- 1942. Maize genetics. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book #41: 181-186.
-- 1943. Maize genetics. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book #42: 148-152.
-- 1944. The relation of homozygous deficiencies to mutations and allelic series in maize. Genetics 29: 478-502.
-- 1944. Maize genetics. Carnegie Inst. Wash Year Book #43: 127-135.
-- 1944. Breakage-fusion-bridge cycle induced deficiencies in the short arm of chromosome 9. Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter 18: 24-26.
-- 1945. Neurospora: Preliminary observations of the chromosomes of Neurospora crassa. American Jour. Botany 32: 671-678.
-- 1945. Cytogenetic studies of maize and Neurospora. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book #44: 108-112.
-- 1946. Maize genetics. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book #45: 176-186.
-- 1947. Cytogenetic studies of maize and Neurospora. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #46: 146-152.
-- 1948. Mutable loci in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #47: 155-169.
-- 1949. Mutable loci in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #48: 142-154.
-- 1950. The origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 36: 344-355.
-- 1950. Mutable loci in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #49: 157-167.
-- 1951. Mutable loci in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #50: 174-181.
-- 1951. Chromosome organization and genie expression. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 16: 13-47.
-- 1952. Mutable loci in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #51: 212-219.
-- 1953. Induction of instability at selected loci in maize. Genetics 38: 579-599.
-- 1953. Mutation in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #52: 227-237.
-- 1954. Mutations in maize and chromosomal aberrations in Neurospora. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #53: 254-260.
-- 1955. 1. Spread of mutational change along the chromosome. 2. A case of AC-induced instability at the Bronze locus in chromosome 9. 3. Transposition sequences of AC. 4. A suppressor-mutator system of control of gene action and mutational change. 5. System responsible for mutations at a1-m2. Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter 29: 9-13.
-- Issued 1956. Intranuclear systems controlling gene action and mutation. Brookhaven Symp. in Biol. #8: 58-74 (Symposium held in June, 1955).
-- 1955. Controlled mutation in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #54: 245-255.
-- 1956. Mutation in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #55: 323-332
-- 1956. 1. Further study of the a1 m-1 -Spm system. 2. Further study of AC control of mutation at the bronze locus in chromosome 9. 3. Degree of spread of mutation along the chromosome induced by Ds. 4. Studies of instability of chromosome behavior of components of a modified chromosome. Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter 30: 12-20.
-- 1956. Controlling elements and the gene. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 21: 197-216.
-- 1957. 1. Continued study of stability of location of Spm. 2. Continued study of a structurally modified chromosome 9. Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter 31: 31-39.
-- 1957. Genetic and cytological studies of maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #56: 393-401.
-- 1958. The suppressor-mutator system of control of gene action in maize. Carnegie 1st. of Wash. Year Book #57: 415-429.
-- 1959. Genetic and cytological studies of maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #58: 452-456.
-- 1960. Chromosome constitutions of Mexican and Guatemalan races of maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #59: 461-472.
-- 1961. Some parallels between gene control systems in maize and in bacteria. American Naturalist 95: 265-277.
-- 1961. Further studies of the suppressor-mutator system of control of gene action in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #60: 469-476.
-- 1962. Topographical relations between elements of control systems in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #61: 448-461.
-- 1963. Further studies of gene-control systems in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #62: 486-493.
-- 1964. Aspects of gene regulation in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #63: 592-602.
-- 1965. (1) Restoration of Al gene action by crossing over. (2) Attempts to separate Ds from neighboring gene loci. Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter #39: 42-51.
-- 1965. Components of action of the regulators Spm and Ac. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #64: 527-536.
-- 1965. The control of gene acton in maize. Brookhaven Symp. in Biol. #18: 162-184.
-- 1967. Regulation of pattern of gene expression by controlling elements in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #65: 568-578.
-- 1968. The states of a gene locus in maize. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #66: 20-28.
-- 1968. Genetic systems regulating gene expression during development. Developmental Biol. Suppl. 1: 84-112. The 26th Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology (June, 1967), "Control Mechanisms in Developmental Processes". Academic Press, Inc.
-- 1971. The contribution of one component of a control system to versatility of gene expression. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Year Book #70: 5-17.
-- 1978. Significance of chromosome constitutions in tracing the origin and migration of races of maize in the Americas. Chapter 11; pp. 159-184, in "Maize Breeding and Genetics", W .D. Walden (ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York.
-- 1978. Development of the maize endosperm as revealed by clones. In "The Clonal Basis of Development." 36th Symp. of the Soc. for Developmental Biol. (June, 1977), pp. 217-237.
-- 1978. Mechanisms that rapidly reorganize the genome. Stadler Genetics Symp. Vol. 10, pp. 25-48.
-- 1980. Chromosome constitutions of races of maize. Their significance for interpreting relationships among races and strains in the Americas. (A monograph.) B. McClintock, T. A. Kato Y., and A. Blumenschein (eds.). Published by Colegio de Postgraduados, Escuela National de Agricultura, Chapingo, Edo. Mexico, Mexico.
-- 1980. Modified gene expressions induced by transposable elements. In "Mobilization and Reassembly of Genetic Information" (W .A. Scott, R. Werner, D.R. Joseph, and Julius Schultz, eds.) Miami Winter Symposium #17: 11-19. Academic Press, Inc. New York.