vX'iih : ;*:»:'v:':;:::::':::: • •••/:■:•:•:•:■:■;• lJWy-v/xv' ■';« f f ;•.;.'. .; 1 i i • ■''. II! ARMY MEDICAL LIBRARY WASHINGTON Founded 1836 .^^sfsssiss^5^ BIwiIHnh \\^^^fci^LyJ^^y/ Section__/I_-.________ Number J?__.fx---iJ?__9. 4 Fobm 113c, W. D.. S. G. O. e»o 3—10643 (Rev^sd June 13, 1936) t£^J 'Aa£>Jfc> Gu^c/^^^ /w^y-^^^O \ f. $ , itf** db-*X'>-' W REVISED REGULATIONS L ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, 1861. WITH A FULL INDEX. 0B"2" AUTHORITY OIF THE WAB XJEIF-A-HTIMEICTT. PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PUBLISHERS, 22 & 24 NORTH FOURTH STREET. /U-e" r Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1861, by ROBERT E. PETERSON, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. War Department, Washington, August 10, 1861. Whereas, it has been found expedient to revise the Regulations for the Army, and the same having been approved by the President of the United States, he com- mands that they be published for the information and government of the military service, and that, from and after the date hereof, they shall be strictly observed as the sole and standing authority upon the matter therein contained. Nothing contrary to the tenor of these Regulations will be enjoined in any part of the forces of the United States by any commander whatsoever. SIMON CAMERON, Secretary of War. i CONTENTS. A FULL INDEX WILL BE FOUND AT THE END OF THIS WORK. ARTICLE I. paw Military Discipline...........................................,........................ 9 ARTICLE II. Rank and Command.................................................................... 9 ARTICLE III. Succession in Command or Duty................................................... 11 ARTICLE IV. Appointment and Promotion of Commissioned Officers.................... 1] ARTICLE V. Resignations of Officers............................................................. 12 ARTICLE VI. Exchange or Transfer of Officers............................................... 12 ARTICLE VII. Appointments on the Staff.......................................................... 13 ARTICLE VIII. Distribution of the Troops......................................................... 13 ARTICLE IX. Care of Fortifications................................................................ 13 ARTICLE X. Care of Armament of Fortifications............................................ 15 A2 5 6 CONTENTS. ARTICLE XI. page Artillery Practice..................................................................... 1" ARTICLE XII. Regiments.................................................................................. 1° ARTICLE XIII. Companies..... ............................................................................. 21 ARTICLE XIV. Ordnance Sergeants.................................................................... 24 ARTICLE XV. Transfer of Soldiers.................................................................. 27 ARTICLE XVI. Deceased Officers....................................................................... 28 ARTICLE XVII. Deceased Soldiers....................................................................... 28 ARTICLE XVIII. Deserters................................................................................... 29 ARTICLE XIX. Discharges................................................................................ 30 ARTICLE XX. Traveling on Duty..................................................................... 31 ARTICLE XXI. Leaves of Absence to Officers................................................... 31 ARTICLE XXII. Furloughs to Enlisted Men.................................................. 34 ARTICLE XXIII. Councils of Administration................................................... 34 ARTICLE XXIV. Chaplains............................................................................... 30 ARTICLE XXV. Sutlers......................................................................,............ 37 CONTENTS. 7 ARTICLE XXVI. PAGE Military Discussions and Publications......................................... 38 ARTICLE XXVII. Arrests and Confinements........................................................... 38 ARTICLE XXVIII. Hours of Service and Roll-Calls............................................... 39 ARTICLE XXIX. tlONORS TO BE PAID BY THE TROOPS................................................ 40 ARTICLE XXX. Inspections of the Troops............................................................ 46 ARTICLE XXXI. Musters..................................................................................... 49 ARTICLE XXXII. Forms of Parade........................................................................ 50 ARTICLE XXXIII. Guards....................................................................................... 61 ARTICLE XXXIV. Orders and Correspondence......................................................... 66 ARTICLE XXXV. Returns and Reports.................................................................. 69 ARTICLE XXXVI. Troops in Campaign..................................................................... 71 ARTICLE XXXVII. Troops on board of Transports.................................................... 120 ARTICLE XXXVIII. Courts-Martial........................................................................... 124 ARTICLE XXXIX. Working-Parties........................................................................ 127 ARTICLE XL. Recruiting Service..................................................................... 128 4 CONTENTS. ARTICLE XLI. page Pdblic Property, Money, and Accounts......................................... 147 ARTICLE XLII. Quartermaster's Department....................................................... 159 ARTICLE XLIII. Subsistence Department.............................................................. 241 ARTICLE XLIV. Medical Department................................................................... 281 ARTICLE XLV. Pay Department........................................................................ 341 ARTICLE XLVI. Corps of Engineers and Topographical Engineers......................... 369 ARTICLE XLVII. Ordnance Department................................................................. 387 ARTICLE XLVIII. Proceedings in Civil Courts........................................................ 474 ARTICLE XLIX. Arms of the United States......................................................... 474 ARTICLE L. Flags, Colors, Standards, Guidons................................................. 475 ARTICLE LI. Uniform, Dress, and Horse Equipments......................................... 476 ARTICLE LII. Volunteers and Militia in the Service of the United States...... 495 APPENDIX. Articles of War........................................................................ 499 Extracts from Acts of Congress................................................... 517 Army Pay Table......................................................................... 526 REVISED REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. ARTICLE I. MILITARY DISCIPLINE. 1. All inferiors are required to obey strictly, and to execute with alacrity and good faith, the lawful orders of the superiors appointed over them. 2. Military authority is to be exercised with firmness, but with kind- ness and justice to inferiors. Punishments shall be strictly conformable to military law. 3. Superiors of every grade are forbidden to injure those under them by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language. ARTICLE II. BANE AND COMMAND. 4. Rank of officers and non-commissioned officers: 1st. Lieutenant-G-eneral. 10th. Cadet. 2d. Major-Greneral. 11th. Sergeant-Major. 3d. Brigadier-General. 12th. Quartermaster-Sergeant of a 4th. Colonel. Regiment. 5th. Lieutenant-Colonel. 13th. Ordnance Sergeant and Hos- 6th. Major. pital Steward 7th. Captain. 14th. First Sergeant. 8th. First Lieutenant. 15th. Sergeant. 9th. Second Lieutenant. 16th. Corporal. And in each grade by date of commission or appointment. 5. When commissions are of the same date, the rank is to be decided, between officers of the same regiment or corps by the order of appoint- ment ; between officers of different regiments or corps: 1st. by rank in actual service when appointed; 2d. by former rank and service in the 10 REVISED REGULATIONS Kank.---Command, army or marine corps; 3d. by lottery among such as have not been in the military service of the United States. In case of equality of rank by virtue of a brevet commission, reference is had to commissions not brevet. 6. Officers having brevets, or commissions of a prior date to those of the regiment in which they serve, may take place in courts-martial and on detachments, when composed of different corps, according to the ranks given them in their brevets or'dates of their former commissions; but in the regiment, troop, or company to which such officers belong, they shall do duty and take rank both in courts-martial and on detachments which shall be composed only of their own corps, according to the commissions by which they are mustered in the said corps.—(61st Art. of War!) 7. If, upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps of the army shall happen to join, or do duty together, the officer highest in rank of the line of the army, marine corps, or militia, by commission, there on duty or in quarters, shall command the whole, and give orders for what is needful to the service, unless otherwise specially directed by the Presi- dent of the United States, according to the nature of the case.—(62c? Art. of War.) 8. An officer not having orders from competent authority cannot put himself on duty by virtue of his commission alone. 9. Officers serving by commission from any state of the Union take rank next after officers of the like grade by commission from the United States. 10. Brevet rank takes effect only in the following cases: 1st. by spe- cial assignment of the President in commands composed of different corps; 2d. on courts-martial or detachments composed of different corps. Troops are on detachment, only when sent out temporarily to perform a special service. ' 11. In regularly constituted commands, as garrisons, posts, depart- ments; companies, battalions, regiments; corps, brigades, divisions, army corps, or the army itself, brevet rank cannot be exercised except by spe- cial assignment. 12. The officers of Engineers are not to assume nor to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special order of the President. 13. An officer of the Pay or Medical Department cannot exercise com- mand except in his own department; but, by virtue of their commissions, officers of these departments may command all enlisted men, like othei commissioned officers. 14. Officers of the corps of Engineers or Ordnance, or of the Adju- tant-General's, Inspector-General's, Quartermaster-General's, or Subsist- ence Department, though eligible to command according to the rank they FOR THE ARMY. 11 Succession in Duties.---Appointments. hold in the army of the United States, shall not assume the command of troops unless put on duty under orders which specially so direct by authority of the President. ARTICLE III. SUCCESSION IN COMMAND OR DUTY. 15. The functions assigned to any officer in these regulations by title of office, devolve on the officer acting in his place, except as specially excepted. 16. During the absence of the Adjutant-General, or of the chief of any military bureau of the War Department, his duties in the bureau, prescribed by law or regulations, devolve on the officer of his department empowered by the President to perform them in his absence. 17. An officer who succeeds to any command or duty, stands in regard to his duties in the same situation as his predecessor. The officer relieved shall turn over to his successor all orders in force at the time, and all the public property and funds pertaining to his command or duty, and shall receive therefor duplicate receipts, showing the condition of each article. 18. An officer in a temporary command shall not, except in urgent cases, alter or annul the standing orders of the regular or permanent commander without authority from the next higher commander. ARTICLE IV. APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 19. All vacancies in established regiments and corps, to the rank of Colonel, shall be filled by promotion according to seniority, except in case of disability or other incompetency. 20. Promotions to the rank of Captain shall be made regimentally; to Major and Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel, according to the arm, as infan- try, artillery, &c, and in the Staff Departments and in the Engineers, Topographical Engineers, and Ordnance, according to corps. 21. Appointments to the rank of Brigadier-General and Major-General will be made by selection from the army. 22. The graduates of the Military Academy are appointed to vacancies of the lowest grade, or attached by brevet to regiments or corps, not to exceed one brevet to each company; and meritorious non-commissioned ixfficers, examined by an Army Board, and found qualified for the duties 12 REVISED REGULATIONS Resignations.---Exchanges. of commissioned officers, will, in like manner, be attached to regiments as Brevet Second Lieutenants. 23. Whenever the public service may require the appointment of any citizen to the army, a Board of Officers will be instituted, before which the applicant will appear for an examination into his physical ability, moral character, attainments, and general fitness for the service. If the Board report in favor of the applicant, he will be deemed eligible for a commission in the army. ARTICLE V. RESIGNATIONS OF OFFICERS. 24. No officer will be considered out of service on the tender of his resignation, until it shall have been duly accepted by the proper authority. Any officer who, having tendered his resignation, shall, prior to due notice of the acceptance of the same by the proper authority, and, without leave, quit his post or proper duties with the intent to remain permanently absent therefrom, shall be registered as a deserter, and punished as such. 25. Resignations will be forwarded by the commanding officer to the Adjutant-General of the army for decision of the War Department; and with them, where leave is given, the officer's address. 26. Resignations tendered under charges, when forwarded by any com- mander, will always be accompanied by a copy of the charges; or, in the absence of written charges, by a report of the case, for the information of the Secretary of War. 27. Before presenting the resignation of any officer, the Adjutant- General will ascertain and report to the War Department the state of such officer's accounts of money, as well as of public property, for which he may have been responsible. 28. In time of war, or with an army in the field, resignations shall take effect within thirty days from the date of the order of acceptance. 29. Leaves of absence will not be granted by commanding officers to officers on tendering their resignation, unless the resignation be uncondi- tional and immediate. ARTICLE VI. EXCHANGE OR TRANSFER OF OFFICERS. 30. The transfer of officers from one regiment or corps to another will be made only by the War Department, on the mutual application of the parties desiring the exchange. FOR THE ARMY. 13 Staff Appointments.---Care of Fortifications. 31. An officer shall not be transferred from one regiment or corps to another with prejudice to the rank of any officer of the regiment or corps to which he is transferred. 32. Transfers will be seldom granted—never except for cogent reasons. ARTICLE VII. APPOINTMENTS ON THE STAFF. 33. As far as practicable, all appointments and details on the staff will be equalized among the several regiments. 34. General Officers appoint their own Aides-de-camp. 35. Brevet Brigadier and Major Generals on duty as such, may, with the special sanction of the War Department, be allowed the aides-de-camp of their brevet grades. 36. An officer shall not fill any staff appointment, or other situation, the duties of which will detach him from his company, regiment, or corps, until he has served at least three years with his regiment or corps; nor shall any officer (aides-de-camp excepted) so remain detached longer than four years. 37. An officer of a mounted corps shall not be separated from his regiment, except for duty connected with his particular arm. 38. The senior Lieutenant present, holding the appointment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, is entitled to perform the duties. ARTICLE VIII. DISTRIBUTION OF THE TROOPS. 39. The military geographical departments will be established by the War Department. In time of peace, brigades or divisions will not be formed, nor the stations of the troops changed, without authority from the War Department. ARTICLE IX. CARE OF FORTIFICATIONS. 40. No person shall be permitted to walk upon any of the slopes of a fortification, excepting the ramps and glacis. If, in any case, it be neces- sary to provide for crossing them, it should be done by placing wooden steps or stairs against the slopes. The occasional walking of persons on a parapet will do no harm, provided it be not allowed to cut the surface into paths. n U REVISED REGULATIONS Care of Fortifications. 41. No cattle, horses, sheep, goat, or other animal, shall ever be per- mitted to go upon the slopes, the ramparts, or the parapets, nor upon the glacis, except within fenced limits, which should not approach the crest nearer than 30 feet. 42. All grassed surfaces, excepting the glacis, will be carefully and frequently mowed (except in dry weather), and the oftener the better, while growing rapidly—the grass never being allowed to be more than a few inches high. In order to cut the grass even and close, upon small blopes a light one-handed scythe should be used; and in mowing the steep slopes, the mower should stand on a light ladder resting against the slope, and not upon the grass. Crops of hay may be cut on the glacis; or, if fenced, it may be used as pasture; otherwise it should be treated as other slopes of the fortification. On all the slopes, spots of dead grass will be cut out and replaced by fresh sods. All weeds will be eradicated. A very little labor, applied steadily and judiciously, will maintain the grassed surfaces, even of the largest of our forts, in good condition. 43. The burning of grass upon any portion of a fortification is strictly forbidden. 44. Particular attention is required to prevent the formation of gullies in the parade, terreplein, and ramps, and especially in slopes where grass is not well established. If neglected, they soon involve heavy expense. 45. Earth, sand, or ashes must not be placed against wood-work; a free ventilation must be preserved around it; and all wooden floors, platforms, bridges, &c, will be kept clean swept. 46. The machinery of draw-bridges, gates, and posterns must be kept in good working order by proper cleaning and oiling of the parts; the bridges will be raised, and the gates and posterns opened as often as once a week. 47. The terrepleins of forts, the floors of casemates, caponniers, store- rooms, barracks, galleries, posterns, magazines, &c, and the sidewalks in front of quarters and barracks, as well as other walks, are sometimes paved with bricks or stones, or formed of concrete. These surfaces must be pre- served from injury with great care. In transporting guns and carriages, and in mounting them, strong way-planks will be used, and neither the wheels nor any other part of the carriages, nor any machinery, such as shears, gins, &c, nor any handspike or other implements, will be allowed to touch those surfaces. Unless protected in a similar manner, no wheel- barrow or other vehicle, no barrels, hogsheads, &c, will be rolled upon these surfaces. No violent work will be suffered to be done upon them such as cutting wood, breaking coal, &c, and no heavy weight be thrown or permitted to fall thereon. In using machines, as gins, &c, in case- mates, care must be taken not to injure the arch or ceiling, as well as the FOR THE ARMY. L< Care of Armament of Fortifications. floor. Neglect of these precautions may cause injuries slight in appear- ance but serious in effect from the leaking of water into masonry and casemates, and expensive to repair. 48. The doors and windows of all store-rooms and unoccupied case- mates, quarters, barracks, &c, will be opened several times a week for thorough ventilation. 49. The masonry shot-furnaces will be heated only on the approach of an enemy. For ordinary practice with hot shot, iron furnaces are provided. 50. The foregoing matters involve but little expense; the labor is within the means of every garrison, and no technical knowledge is called for beyond what will be found among soldiers. Other repairs requiring small disbursements, such as repainting exposed wood or iron work, can be also executed by the garrison; but reports, estimates, and requisitions may be necessary to obtain the materials. 51. No alteration will be made in any fortification, or in its casemates, quarters, barracks, magazines, store-houses, or any other building belong- ing to it; nor will any building of any kind, or work of earth, masonry, or timber be erected within the fortification, or on its exterior within half a mile, except under the superintendence of the Engineer Department, and by the authority of the Secretary of War. ARTICLE X. CARE OF ARMAMENT OF FORTIFICATIONS. 52. At each permanent post with a fised battery, and garrisoned by not more than one company, there will be kept mounted, for purposes of instruction and target practice, three heavy guns, and at posts garrisoned by more than one company, at the rate of two for each of the companies composing its garrison. The other guns dismounted will be properly placed (see page 21, Ordnance Manual for 1850) within their own traverse circles, and the carriages preserved from the weather. 53. All guns should be sponged clean and their vents examined to see Uiat they are clear. The chassis should be traversed and left in a different position, the top carriage moved backward and forward and left alter- nately over the front and rear transoms of the chassis; the elevating screws or machines wiped clean, worked and oiled if required, and the nuts of all bolts screwed up tight. This should all be done regularly once in every week. 54. When tarpaulins, or pent houses, are placed over the guns, they should be removed once a week when the weather is fair, the carriages and guns brushed off", and, if damp, allowed to dry. 55. An old sponge-staff and head should be used for drill. The new 16 REVISED REGULATIONS Artillery Practice. sponges should never be used unless the gun is fired. The implements should be kept in store, under cover, and be examined, wiped clean or brushed at least once a month. In the case of leather equipments, the directions for the preservation of harness in the Ordnance Manual should be followed. 56. The magazine should be frequently examined to see that the powder is well preserved. It should be opened every other day when the air is dry and clear. Barrels of powder should be turned and rolled occasionally. Under ordinary circumstances, only a few cartridges should be kept filled. If the paper body of the cartridge becomes soft or loses its sizing, it is certain that the magazine is very damp, and some means should be found to improve the ventilation. Cartridge bags may be kept in the magazine ready for filling; also port-fires, fuzes, tubes, and primers. Stands of grape, canisters, and wads for barbette guns, should be kept in store with the implements. For casemate guns, wads may be hung in bundles, and grape and canisters placed near the guns. Shot, well lacquered and clean, may be placed in piles near the guns. ARTICLE XL ARTILLERY PRACTICE. 57. At all posts with fixed batteries, the position of every gun, mounted or to be mounted, will have its number, and this number be placed on the gun when in position. 58. For every such work a post-book of record will be kept, under the direction of the commander of the post, in which will be duly entered__ the number of each mounted gun, its calibre, weight, names of founder and its inspector, and other marks; the description of its carriage and date of reception at the post; where from; and the greatest field of fire of the gun in its position. 59. Every commander of a fort or other fixed battery will, before enter-. ing on artillery practice, carefully reconnoitre and cause to be sketched for his record-book, the water-channels with their soundings, and other approaches to the work. Buoys or marks will be placed at the extreme and intermediate ranges of the guns, and these marks be numerically noted on the sketch. A buoy at every five hundred yards may suffice. 60. At the time of practice, a distinct and careful note will be made for the record-book of every shot or shell that may be thrown, designating the guns fired by their numbers, the charges of powder used, the times of flight of shots and shells, the ranges and ricochets, and the positions of guns in respect to the horizontal and vertical lines. 61. The time of flight of a shell may be noted with sufficient accuracy FOR THE ARMY. 17 Artillery Practice. by a stop-watch, or by counting the beats (previously ascertaining their value) of other watches, and the range may sometimes be computed by the time of flight. Other modes of ascertaining the range will readily occur to officers of science. 62. When charged shells with fuzes are thrown, the time of bursting will be noted. If they are intended to fall on land, only a blowing charge will be given to the shells, so that they may be picked up for further use. 63. On filling from the barrel, the proof range of powder will be marked on the cartridges. 64. The general objects of this practice are—to give to officers and men the ready and effective use of batteries; to preserve on record the more important results for the benefit of the same, or future com- manders, and to ascertain the efficiency of guns and carriages. 65. Commanders of field artillery will also keep registers of their practice, so that not a, shot or shell shall be thrown in the Army, for instruction, without distinct objects, such as range, accuracy of aim, number of ricochets, time of bursting, in the case of shells, &c. 66. Every company with a field battery will be allowed for annual practice as many blank cartridges for the instruction and drill as may be necessary for the purpose, on requisitions duly approved at the proper Departments. Companies with fixed batteries will be allowed 100 car- tridges each, with seventy-five shots or shells. This ammunition will be expended in equal parts in the three months designated below, and if the company be mounted, eight blank cartridges will be allowed for each of the other months in the year. This allowance is intended only for com- panies permanently serving with batteries. The firing with field-guns by other Artillery companies must be confined to blank cartridges. 67. For all Artillery there will be annually three periods of practice in firing—April, June, and October for the latitude of Washington and south; and May, July, and September north of that latitude. 68. At the termination of each period of practice, the commanding officers of posts will transmit to the Adjutant-General full reports of the results, in order that proper tabular statements may be prepared for the War Department. 69. To determine accuracy of aim in firing shot and shell, butts or targets will be used. Where no natural butt presents itself, targets will be erected. A form for floating targets will be sent to the commanders of the several forts. 70. As practice in gunnery is a heavy expense to government, com- manders of companies and their immediate superiors are charged with 2 18 REVISED REGULATIONS Regiments.—Non-Commissioned Officers. the strict execution of the foregoing details; and all officers authorized to make tours of inspection will report, through the prescribed channels, on such execution. ARTICLE XII. REGIMENTS. 71. On the organization of a regiment, the companies receive a per- manent designation by letters beginning with A, and the officers are assigned to companies; afterward, company officers succeed to companies, as promoted to fill vacancies. Companies take place in the battalion ac- cording to the rank of their captains. 72. Captains should be with their companies. Therefore, although subject to the temporary details of service, as for courts-martial, military boards, &c, they shall not, except for urgent reasons, be detailed upon any duty which may separate them for any considerable time from their companies. 73. The commander of a regiment will appoint the adjutant from the subalterns of the regiment. He will nominate the regimental quarter- master to the Secretary of War for appointment if approved. He will appoint the non-commissioned staff of the regiment; and, upon the re- commendation of the company commanders, the sergeants and corporals of companies. 74. In cases of vacancy, and till a decision can be had from regimental head-quarters, the company commanders may make temporary appoint- ments of non-commissioned officers. 75. Commanders of regiments are enjoined to avail themselves of every opportunity of instructing both officers and men in the exercise and management of field artillery; and all commanders ought to encourage useful occupations, and manly exercises and diversions among their men, and to repress dissipation and immorality. 76. Regiments serving on foot, being usually employed as light troops, will be habitually exercised in the system of U. S. Tactics for light in- fantry and riflemen adopted by the War Department, May 1, 1861. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS. 77. A board, to consist of the Professors of Mathematics and Ethics and the Commandant of Cadets, will convene at the Military Academy, on the first Monday of September in every year, for the examination of such non-commissioned officers, for promotion, as have already passed the regimental examination prescribed in General Orders No. 17, of October 4, 1854. FOR THE ARMY. 19 Non-Commissioned Officers. 78. It is enjoined upon all officers to be cautious in reproving non- commissioned officers in the presence or hearing of privates, lest their authority be weakened ; and non-commissioned officers are not to be sent to the guard-room and mixed with privates during confinement, but to be considered as placed in arrest, except in aggravated cases, where escape may be apprehended. 79. Non-commissioned officers may be reduced to the ranks by the sentence of a court-martial, or by order of the commander of the regiment on the application of the company commander. If reduced to the ranks by garrison courts, at posts not the head-quarters of the regiment, the company commander will immediately forward a transcript of the order to the regimental commander. 80. Every non-commissioned officer shall be furnished with a certificate or warrant of his rank, signed by the colonel and countersigned by the adjutant. Blank warrants, on parchment, are furnished from the Adju- tant-General's office. The first, or orderly sergeant, will be selected by the captain from the sergeants. 81. When it is desired to have bands of music for regiments, there will be allowed for each, sixteen privates to act as musicians, in addition to the chief musicians authorized by law, provided the total number of privates in the regiment, including the band, does not exceed the legal standard. Regimental commanders will without delay designate the pro- portion to be subtracted from each company for a band, and the " number of recruits required" will be reported accordingly. The companies from which the non-commissioned officers of bands for artillery regiments shall be deducted, will in like manner be designated, and vacancies left ac- cordingly. At the artillery school, Fort Monroe, the non-commissioned officers and privates of the band, will be apportioned among the companies serving at the post 82. The musicians of the band will, for the time being, be dropped from company muster-rolls, but they will be instructed as soldiers, and liable to serve in the ranks on any occasion. They will be mustered in a separate squad under the chief musician, with the non-commissioned staff, and be included in the aggregate in all regimental returns. 83. When a regiment occupies several stations, the band will be kept at the head-quarters, provided troops (one or more companies) be serving tnere. The field music belonging to companies not stationed at regimental head-quarters will not be separated from their respective companies. 84. No man, unless he be a carpenter, joiner, carriage-maker, black- smith, saddler, or harness-maker, will be mustered as an " artificer." 85. Every article, excepting arms and accoutrements, belonging to the regiment, is to be marked with the number and name of the regiment. 20 REVISED REGULATIONS Non-Commissioned Officers.—Post Books.________________ 86. Such articles as belong to companies are to be marked with the letter of the company, and number and name of the regiment; and such as belong to men, with their individual numbers, and the letter of the company. 87. All orders and circulars from general, department, division, or brigade head-quarters, will be tied together in book form, and properly indexed as they are received; and afterwards bound in volumes of con- venient size. 88. The books for each regiment shall be as follows: 1. Regimental Order Booh, of three quires of paper, 16 inches by 10J inches, to contain regimental orders, with an index. 2. Letter Booh, of three quires of paper, 16 inches by 10£ inches, to contain the correspondence of the commanding officer on regi- mental subjects, with an index. 3. An index of letters required to be kept on file, in the following form: No. Name of 'writer. Date. Subject. 1 2 3 4 Captain A. B..... Adjt. Gen. R. J.. Captain F. G Lieutenant C. D. July 15, 1860 Sept. 4, 1860 Oct. 11,1860 Nov. 2, 1860 Appointm't of non-com. officers. Recruiting service. Error in company return. Application for leave. The date of receipt should be indorsed on all letters. They should be numbered to correspond with the index, and filed in regular order, for easy reference. 4. Descriptive Booh, of five quires of paper, 16 inches by 10£ inches, to contain a list of the officers of the regiment, with their rank, and dates of appointment, and promotions; transfers, leaves of absence, and places and dates of birth. To contain, also, the names of all enlisted soldiers, entered according to priority of enlistments, giving their description, the dates and periods of their enlistment; and, under the head of remarks, the cause of discharge, character, death, desertion, transfer, actions in which en- gaged, &c; in short, every thing relating to their military history. This book to be indexed, and when filled, and no longer needed with the company, to be forwarded to the Adjutant-General's office. One copy of the monthly returns will be filed. POST BOOKS. 89. The following books will be kept at each post: a Morning- Report Book, a Guard Report Book, an Order Book, a Letter Book, each two quires foolscap; also copies of the monthly post returns. FOR THE ARMY. 21 Companies. ARTICLE XIII. COMPANIES. 90. The captain will cause the men of the company to be numbered, in a regular series, including the non-commissioned officers, and divided into four squads, each to be put under the charge of a non-commissioned officer. 91. Each subaltern officer will be charged with a squad for the super- vision of its order and cleanliness; and captains will require their lieu- tenants to assist them in the performance of all company duties. 92. As far as practicable, the men of each squad will be quartered together. 93. The utmost attention will be paid by commanders of companies to the cleanliness of their men, as to their persons, clothing, arms, accoutre- ments, and equipments, and also as to their quarters or tents. 94. The name of each soldier will be labeled on his bunk, and his com- pany number will be placed against his arms and accoutrements. 95. The arms will be placed in the arm-racks, the stoppers in the muzzles, the cocks let down, and the bayonets in their scabbards; the accoutrements suspended over the arms, and the swords hung up by the belts on pegs. 96. The knapsack of each man will be placed on the lower shelf of his bunk, at its foot, packed with his effects, and ready to be slung; the great-coat on the same shelf, rolled and strapped; the coat, folded inside out, and placed under the knapsack; the cap on the second or upper shelf; and the boots well cleaned. 97. Dirty clothes will be kept in an appropriate part of the knapsack; no article of any kind to be put under the bedding. 98. Cooking utensils and table equipage will be cleaned and arranged in closets or recesses; blacking and brushes out of view; the fuel in boxes. 99. Ordinarily the cleaning will be on Saturdays. The chiefs of squads will cause bunks and bedding to be overhauled; floors dry rubbed; tables and benches scoured; arms cleaned; accoutrements whitened and nolished, and every thing put in order. 100. Where conveniences for bathing are to be had, the men should bathe once or twice a week. The feet to be washed at least twice a week. The hair kept short, and beard neatly trimmed. 101. Non-commissioned officers, in command of squads, will be held more immediately responsible that their men observe what is prescribed above; that they wash their hands and faces daily; that they brush or 22 REVISED REGULATIONS Companies. '•omb their heads; that those who are to go on duty put their arms, ac- coutrements, dress, &c, in the best order, and that such as have permis- sion to pass the chain of sentinels are in the dress that may be ordered. 102. Commanders of companies and squads will see that the arms and accoutrements in possession of the men are always kept in good order, and that proper care be taken in cleaning them. 103. When belts are given to a soldier, the captain will see that they are properly fitted to the body; and it is forbidden to cut any belt with- out his sanction. 104. Cartridge-boxes and bayonet-scabbards will be polished with blacking; varnish is injurious to the leather, and will not be used. 105. All arms in the hands of the troops, whether browned or bright, will be kept in the state in which they are issued by the Ordnance De- partment. Arms will not be taken to pieces without permission of a commissioned officer. Bright barrels will be kept clean and free from rust without polishing them; care should be taken in rubbing not to bruise or bend the barrel. After firing, wash out the bore ; wipe it dry, and then pass a bit of cloth, slightly greased, to the bottom. In these operations, a rod of wood with a loop in one end is to be used instead of the rammer. The barrel, when not in use, will be closed with a stopper. For exercise, each soldier should keep himself provided with a piece of sole leather to fit the cup or countersink of the hammer. (For care of arms in service, see Ordnance Manual, page 185, &c.) 106. Arms shall not be left loaded in quarters or tents, or when the men are off duty, except by special orders. 107. Ammunition issued will be inspected frequently. Each man will be made to pay for the rounds expended without orders, or not in the way of duty, or which may be damaged or lost by his neglect. 108. Ammunition will be frequently exposed to the dry air, or sunned. 109. Special care shall be taken to ascertain that no ball-cartridges are mixed with the blank cartridges issued to the men. 110. All knapsacks are to be painted black. Those for the artillery will be marked in the centre of the cover with the number of the regi- ment only, in figures of one inch and a half in length, of the character called full face, with yellow paint. Those for the infantry will be marked in the same way, in white paint. Those for the ordnance will be marked with two cannon, crossing; the cannon to be seven and a half inches in length, in yellow paint, to resemble those on the cap. The knapsack straps will be black. 111. The knapsacks will also be marked upon the inner side with the letter of the company and the number of the soldier, on such part as may be readily observed at inspections. FOR THE ARMY. 23 Soldiers' Mess. 112. Haversacks will be marked upon the flap with the number and name of the regiment, the letter of the company, and number of the soldier, in black letters and figures. And each soldier must, at all times, be provided with a haversack and canteen, and will exhibit them at all inspections. It will be worn on the left side on marches, guard, and when paraded for detached service—the canteen outside the haversack. 113. The front of the drums will be painted with the arms of the United States, on a blue field for the infantry, and on a red field for the artillery. The letter of the company and number of the regiment, under the arms, in a scroll. 114. Officers at their stations, in camp or in garrison, will always wear their proper uniform. 115. Soldiers will wear the prescribed uniform in camp or garrison, and will not be permitted to keep in their possession any other clothing. When on fatigue parties, they will wear the proper fatigue dress. 116. In camp or barracks, the company officers must visit the kitchen daily and inspect the kettles, and at all times carefully attend to the messing and economy of their respective companies. The commanding officer of the post or regiment will make frequent inspections of the kitchens and messes. These duties are of the utmost importance—not to be neglected. 117. The bread must be thoroughly baked, and not eaten until it is cold. The soup must be boiled at least five hours, and the vegetables always cooked sufficiently to be perfectly soft and digestible. 118. Messes will be prepared by privates of squads, including private musicians, each taking his tour. The greatest care will be observed in washing and scouring the cooking utensils; those made of brass and copper should be lined with tin. 119. The messes of prisoners will be sent to them by the cooks. 120. No persons will be allowed to visit or remain in the kitchens, ex- cept such as may come on duty, or be occupied as cooks. The kitchen should always be under the particular charge of a non-commissioned officer. 121. Those detailed for duty in the kitchens will also be required to keep the furniture of the mess-room in order. 122. On marches and in the field, the only mess furniture of the soldier will be one tin plate, one tin cup, one knife, fork, and spoon, to each man, to be carried by himself on the march. 123. Tradesmen may be relieved from ordinary military duty to make, to alter, or to mend soldiers' clothing, &c. Company commanders will fix the rates at which work shall be done, and cause the men, for whose benefit it is done, to pay for it at the next pay day. 24 REVISED REGULATIONS Employment of Soldiers as Clerks, &c. 124. Each company officer, serving with his company, may take from it one soldier as waiter, with his consent and the consent of his captain. No other officer shall take a soldier as a waiter. Every soldier so em- ployed shall be so reported and mustered. 125. Soldiers taken as officers' waiters shall be acquainted with their military duty, and at all times be completely armed and clothed, and in every respect equipped according to the rules of the service, and have all their necessaries complete and in good order. They are to fall in with their respective companies at all reviews and inspections, and are liable to such drills as the commanding officer shall judge necessary to fit them for service in the ranks. 126. Non-commissioned officers will, in no case, be permitted to act as waiters; nor are they, or private soldiers, not waiters, to be employed in any menial office, or made to perform any service not military, for the private benefit of any officer or mess of officers. COMPANY BOOKS. 127. The following books are allowed to each company: one descrip- tive book, one clothing book, one order book, one morning report book, each one quire, sixteen inches by ten. One page of the descriptive book will be appropriated to the list of officers; two to the non-commissioned officers; two to the register of men transferred; four to register of men discharged ; two to register of deaths; four to register of deserters—the rest to the company description list. LAUNDRESS. 128. Four women will be allowed to each company as washerwomen, and will receive one ration per day each. 129. The price of washing soldiers' clothing, by the month, or by the piece, will be determined by the Council of Administration. 130. Debts due the laundress by soldiers, for washing, will be paid, or collected at the pay-table, under the direction of the captain. ARTICLE XIV. ORDNANCE SERGEANTS. 131. The Secretary of War selects from the sergeants of the line of the army, who may have faithfully served eight years (four years in the grade of non-commissioned officer), as many Ordnance Sergeants as the service may require, not exceeding one to each military post. 132. Captains will report to their colonels such sergeants as, by their conduct and service, merit such appointment, setting forth the descrip- FOR THE ARMY. 25 Ordnance Sergeants. tion, length of service of the sergeant, the portion of his service he was a non-commissioned officer, his general character as to fidelity and sobriety, his qualifications as a clerk, and his fitness for the duties to be performed by an ordnance sergeant These reports will be forwarded to the Adju- tant-General, to be laid before the Secretary of War, with an application in the following form: Head-Quarters, &c. To the Adjutant- General: Sir :—/ forward, for consideration of the proper authority, an appli- cation for the appointment of Ordnance Sergeant. a a o O Cm O H ill a> ►J Length of Service. Name and Regiment. As non-commissioned Officer. In the Army. Remarks. Years. Months. Years. Months. Inclosed herewith you will receive the report of-------, the officer com- manding the company in which the sergeant has been serving, to which I add the following remarks : --------------, Commanding — Regiment. 133. When a company is detached from the head-quarters of the regi- ment the reports of the commanding officer in this matter will pass to the regimental head-quarters through the commanding officer of the post or detachment, and be accompanied by his opinion as to the fitness of the candidate. 134. Ordnance Sergeants will be assigned to posts when appointed, and are not to be transferred to other stations except by orders from the Adjutant-General's office. 135. At the expiration of their term of service, Ordnance Sergeants may be re-enlisted, provided they shall have conducted themselves in a becoming manner, and performed their duties to the satisfaction of the commanding officer. If the commanding officer, however, shall not think proper to re-enlist the Ordnance Sergeant of his post, he will communi- 26 REVISED REGULATIONS Ordnance Sergeants. cate to the Adjutant-General his reasons for declining to re-enlist him, in time to receive the decision of the War Department before the Sergeant may lawfully claim to re-enlist. 136. The officers interested must be aware, from the nature of the duties assigned to Ordnance Sergeants, that the judicious selection of them is of no small importance to the interests of the service; and that while the law contemplates, in the appointment of these non-commissioned officers, the better preservation of the ordnance and ordnance stores in deposit in the several forts, there is the further motive of offering a re- ward to those faithful and well-tried sergeants who have long served their country, and of thus giving encouragement to the soldier in the ranks to emulate them in conduct, and thereby secure substantial promotion. Colonels and Captains cannot, therefore, be too particular in investigating the characters of the candidates, and in giving their testimony as to their merits. 137. The appointment and removal of Ordnance Sergeants, stationed at military posts, in pursuance of the above provisions of law, shall be reported by the Adjutant-General to the chief of the Ordnance Depart- ment. 138. When a non-commissioned officer receives the appointment of Ordnance Sergeant, he shall be dropped from the rolls of the regiment or company in which he may be serving at the time. 139. The duty of Ordnance Sergeants relates to the care of the ord- nance, arms, ammunition, and other military stores at the post to which they may be attached, under the direction of the commanding officer, and according to the regulations of the Ordnance Department. 140. If a post be evacuated, the Ordnance Sergeant shall remain on duty at the station, under the direction of the chief of the Ordnance Department, in charge of the ordnance and ordnance stores, and of such other public property as is not in charge of some officer or agent of other departments; for which ordnance stores and other property he will account to the chiefs of the proper departments until otherwise directed. 141. An Ordnance Sergeant in charge of ordnance stores at a post where there is no commissioned officer shall be held responsible for the safe-keeping of the property, and he shall be governed by the regulations of the Ordnance Department in making issues of the same, and in pre- paring and furnishing the requisite returns. If the means at his dis- posal are not sufficient for the preservation of the property, he shall re- port the circumstances to the chief of the Ordnance Department. 142. Ordnance Sergeants are to be considered as belonging to the non- commissioned staff of the post, under the orders of the commanding FOR THE ARMY. 27 Ordnance Sergeants.---Transfers. officer. They are to wear the uniform of the Ordnance Department, with the distinctive badges prescribed for the non-commissioned staff of regiments of artillery; and they are to appear under arms with the troops at all reviews and inspections, monthly and weekly. 143. When serving at any post which may be the head-quarters of a regiment, Ordnance Sergeants shall be reported by name on the popt returns, and mustered with the non-commissioned staff of the regiment; and at all other posts they shall be mustered and reported in some com ■ pany stationed at the post at which they serve; be paid on the muster roll, and be charged with the clothing and all other supplies previously received from any officer, or subsequently issued to them by the com* manding officer of the company for the time being. Whenever the com- pany may be ordered from the post, the Ordnance Sergeant will be transferred to the rolls of any remaining company, by the order of the commanding officer of the post. 144. In the event of the troops being all withdrawn from a post at which there is an Ordnance Sergeant, he shall be furnished with his descriptive roll and account of clothing and pay, signed by the proper officer last in command, accompanied by the remarks necessary for his military history; and on his exhibiting such papers to any Paymaster, with a letter from the Ordnance Office acknowledging the receipt of his returns, and that they are satisfactory, he will be paid on a separate account the amount which may be due him at the date of the receipt of the returns mentioned in such letter, together with commutation of rations, according to the regulations of the Subsistence Department. A certified statement of his pay account will be furnished the Ordnance Sergeant by the Paymaster by whom he may be last paid. When there are no troops at the post, the Ordnance Sergeant will report to the Adju- tant-General's office, by letter, on the last day of every month. ARTICLE XV. TRANSFER OF SOLDIERS. 145. No non-commissioned officer or soldier will be transferred from one regiment to another without the authority of the commanding general. 146. The colonel may, upon the application of the captains, transfer a non-commissioned officer or soldier from one company to another of his regiment—with consent of the department commander in case of change of post. 147. When soldiers are authorized to be transferred, the transfer will take place on the first of a month, with a view to the more convenient settlement of their accounts. 28 REVISED REGULATIONS Deceased Officers and Soldiers. 148. In all cases of transfer, a complete descriptive roll will accompany the soldier transferred, which roll will embrace an account of his pay, clothing, and other allowances; also, all stoppages to be made on account of the government, and debts due the laundress, as well as such other facts as may be necessary to show his character and military history. ARTICLE XVI. DECEASED OFFICERS. 149. Whenever an officer dies, or is killed at any military post or station, or in the vicinity of the same, it will be the duty of the com- manding officer to report the fact direct to the Adjutant-General, with the date, and any other information proper to be communicated. If an officer die at a distance from a military post, any officer having intelli- gence of the same will in like manner communicate it, specifying the day of his decease; a duplicate of the report will be sent to Department Head-Quarters. 150. Inventories of the effects of deceased officers, required by the 94th Article of War, will be transmitted to the Adjutant-General. 151. If a legal administrator or family connection be present, and take charge of the effects, it will be so stated to the Adjutant-General. ARTICLE XVII. DECEASED SOLDIERS. 152. Inventories of the effects of deceased non-commissioned officers and soldiers, required by the 95th Article of War, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, by the commander of the company to which the deceased belonged, and a duplicate of the same to the colonel of the regi- ment. Final statements of pay, clothing, &c, will be sent with the inventories. When a soldier dies at a post or station absent from his company, it will be the duty of his immediate commander to furnish the required inventory, and, at the same time, to forward to the commanding officer of the company to which the soldier belonged, a report of his death, specifying the date, place, and cause; to what time he was last paid, and the money or other effects in his possession at the time of his decease; which report will be noted on the next muster-roll of the company to which the man belonged. Each inventory will be indorsed, " Inventory of the effects of--------------, late of company (—)-----regiment of ----, who died at-------, the----day of-------, 186-." If a legal representative receive the effects, it will be stated in the report. If the soldier leave no effects, the fact will be reported. 153. Should the effects of a deceased non-commissioned officer or FOR THE ARMY. 29 Deserters. soldier not be administered upon within a short period after his decease, they shall be disposed of by a Council of Administration, under the authority of the commanding officer of the post, and the proceeds depo- sited with the Paymaster, to the credit of the United States, until they shall be claimed by the legal representatives of the deceased. 154. In all such cases of sales by the Council of Administration, a statement in detail, or account of the proceeds, duly certified by the Council and commanding officer, accompanied by the Paymaster's receipt for the proceeds, will be forwarded by the commanding officer to the Adjutant-General. The statement will be endorsed, "Report of the proceeds of the effects of---------------, late of company (—) ---- regiment of----, who died at-------, the----day of-------, 186-." ARTICLE XVIII. DESERTERS. 155. If a soldier desert from, or a deserter be received at, any post other than the station of the company or detachment to which he be- longed, he shall be promptly reported by the commanding officer of such post to the commander of his company or detachment. The time of de- sertion, apprehension, and delivery will be stated. If the man be a recruit, unattached, the required report will be made to the Adjutant- General. When a report is received of the apprehension or surrender of a deserter at any post other than the station of the company or detach- ment to which he belonged, the commander of such company or detach- ment shall immediately forward his description and account of clothing to the officer making the report. 156. A reward of five^dollars will be paid for the apprehension and delivery of a deserter to an officer of the army at the most convenient post or recruiting station. Rewards thus paid will be promptly reported by the disbursing officer to the officer commanding the company in which the deserter is mustered, and to the authority competent to order his trial. The reward of five dollars will include the remuneration for all expenses incurred for apprehending, securing, and delivering a de- serter. 157. When non-commissioned officers or soldiers are sent in pursuit of a deserter, the expenses necessarily incurred will be paid whether he be apprehended or not, and reported as in case of rewards paid. 158. Deserters shall make good the time lost by desertion, unless dis- charged by competent authority. 159. No deserter shall be restored to duty without trial, except by authority competent to order the trial. 80 REVISED REGULATIONS Discharges, ________ 160. Rewards and expenses paid for apprehending a deserter will be set against his pay, when adjudged by a court-martial, or when he is restored to duty without trial on such condition. 161. In reckoning the time of service, and the pay and allowances of a deserter, he is to be considered as again in service when delivered up as a deserter to the proper authority. 162. An apprehended deserter, or one who surrenders himself, shall receive no pay while waiting trial, and only such clothing as may be actually necessary for him. ARTICLE XIX. DISCHARGES. 163. No enlisted man shall be discharged before the expiration of his term of enlistment without authority of the War Department, ex- cept by sentence of a general court-martial, or by the commander of the Department or of an army in the field, on certificate of disability, or on application of the soldier after twenty years' service. 164. When an enlisted man is to be discharged, his company com- mander shall furnish him certificates of his account, usually called final statements, according to Form 4, Pay Department. And to ensure his being at the post to get these, no leave of absence, terminating with his service, will be given to him. He may, however, be discharged in ad- vance of the latter, under the circumstances and conditions described in General Orders No. 24, from the War Department, of November 30, 1859. 165. Blank discharges on parchment will be furnished from the Adju- tant-General's office. No discharge shall be made in duplicate, nor any certificate given in lieu of a discharge. 166. The cause of discharge will be stated in the body of the dis- charge, and the space at foot for character cut off, unless a recommenda- tion is given. 167. Whenever a non-commissioned officer or soldier shall be unfit for the military service in consequence of wounds, disease, or infirmity, his captain shall forward to the commander of the Department or of the army in the field, through the commander of the regiment or post, a statement of his case, with a certificate of his disability signed by the senior surgeon of the hospital, regiment, or post, according to the form prescribed in the Medical Regulations. 168. If the recommendation for the discharge of the invalid be ap- proved, the authority therefor will be indorsed on the " certificate of dis- ability," which will be sent back to be completed and signed by the FOR THE ARMY. 31 Traveling on Duty.---Leaves of Absence to Officers. commanding officer, who will then send the same to the Adjutant-Gene- ral's office. 169. Insane soldiers will not be discharged, but sent, under proper protection, by the Department commander to Washington for the order of the War Department for their admission into the Government Asylum. The history of the cases, with the men's descriptive list, and accounts of pay and clothing, will be sent with them. 170. The date, place, and cause of discharge of a soldier absent from his company will be reported by the commander of the post to his com- pany commander. 171. Company commanders are required to keep the blank discharges and all certificates relating to discharge carefully in their own custody. 172. No volunteer will be discharged upon Surgeon's certificate of dis- ability until the certificate shall have been submitted to the Medical Di- rector, and shall have been approved and countersigned by him ARTICLE XX. TRAVELING ON DUTY. 173. Whenever an officer traveling under orders arrives at his post, he will submit to the commanding officer a report, in writing, of the time occupied in the travel, with a copy of the orders under which the journey was performed, and an explanation of any delay in the execution of the orders; which report the commanding officer shall transmit, with his opinion on it, to Department Head-Quarters. If the officer be superior in rank to the commander, the required report will be made by the senior himself. 174. Orders detaching an officer for a special duty, imply, unless otherwise stated, that he is thereafter to join his proper station. ARTICLE XXL LEAVES OF ABSENCE TO OFFICERS. 175. In no case will leaves of absence be granted, so that a com- pany be left without one of its commissioned officers, or that a gar- risoned post be left without two commissioned officers and competent medical attendance; nor shall leave of absence be granted to an officer during the season of active operations, except on urgent necessity. 176. When not otherwise specified, leaves of absence will be con- sidered as commencing on the day that the officer is relieved from duty at his post. He will report, monthly, his address for the next thirty days, to the commander of his post and of his regiment or corps, and to 32 REVISED REGULATIONS Leaves of Absence to Officers. the Adjutant-General, together with every change of address; and in his first report state the day when his leave of absence commenced. The expiration of his leave must find him at his station. 177. In time of peace, commanding officers may grant leaves of ab- sence as follows: the commander of a post not to exceed seven days at one time, or in the same month; the commander t>f a geographical de- partment not to exceed sixty days. Applications for leaves of absence for more than four months, or to officers of engineers, ordnance, or of the general staff, or serving on it (aides-de-camp excepted), for more than thirty days, must be referred to the Adjutant-General for the decision of the Sec- retary of War. In giving a permission to apply for the extension of a leave of absence, the term of the extension should be stated. The term of the extension approved by the Departnent commander will be regu- lated by the season and the usual opportunities for reaching the officer's station, so that he may not be absent during the time for active opera- tions. 178. The War Department will not grant leaves to officers on applica- tions made out of the proper military channel; or longer extensions of leave than are recommended by the competent authority. 179. The immediate commander of the officer applying for leave of absence, and all intermediate commanders, will indorse their opinion on the application before forwarding it. 180. The commander of a post may take leave of absence not to ex- ceed seven days at one time, or in the same month, reporting the fact to his next superior. 181. Three months' leave of absence will be allowed to graduates, from the time of quitting (as cadet) the Military Academy. 182. No leave of absence exceeding seven days, except on extraordi- nary occasions, when the circumstances must be particularly stated (and except as provided in the preceding paragraph), shall be granted to any officer until he has joined his regiment or corps, and served therewith at least two years. 183. Officers will not leave the United States, to go beyond sea, with- out permission from the War Department. 184. All leaves of absence to Chaplains and Schoolmasters employed at military posts will be granted by the commanding officer, on the re- commendation of the post Council of Administration, not to exceed four months. 185. An application for leave of absence on account of sickness must be accompanied by a certificate of the senior medical officer present in the following form: FOR THE ARMY. 33 Leaves of Absence to Officers. --------------, of the----regiment of-------, having applied for a certificate on which to ground an application for leave of absence, I do hereby certify that I have carefully examined this officer, and find that — [Here the nature of the disease, wound, or disability is to be fully stated, and the period during which the officer has suffered under its effects.] And that, in consequence thereof, he is, in my opinion, unfit for duty. 1 further declare my belief that he will not be able to resume his duties in a less period than-------[Here state candidly and explicitly the opinion as to the period which will probably elapse before the officer will be able to resume his duties. When there is no reason to expect a recovery, or when the prospect of recovery is distant and uncertain, or when a change of climate is recommended, it must be so stated.] Dated at -------, this-----day of-------. Signature of the Medical Officer. 186. Leaves of absence on account of sickness will not be grahtedto officers to go beyond the limits of the Military Department within which they are stationed, unless the certificate of the medical officer shall ex- plicitly state that a greater change is necessary to save life, or prevent permanent disability. Nor will sick leaves to go beyond the Department limits be given in any case, except of immediate urgency, without the previous sanction of the War Department. 187. On the expiration of a leave of absence given on account of sick- ness, if the officer be able to travel, he will forthwith proceed to his post, although his disability may not have been removed. Exceptions to this general rule must be made in each case by the War Department on full and explicit medical certificates setting forth the reasons for delay and the length of time delay is considered necessary. 188. When an officer is prevented by sickness from joining his station, he will transmit certificates in the above form monthly, to the command- ing officer of his post and regiment or corps, and to the Adjutant-Gene- ral ; and when he cannot procure the certificates of a medical officer of the army, he will substitute his own certificate on honor to his condition, and a full statement of his case. If the officer's certificate is not satis- factory, and whenever an officer has been absent on account of sickness for one year, he shall be examined by a medical board, and the case specially reported to the President. 189. In all reports of absence, or applications for leave of absence on account of sickness, the officer shall state how long he has been absent already on that account, and by whose permission. 3 34 REVISED REGULATIONS Furloughs to Enlisted Men.----Councils of Administration. ARTICLE XXII. FURLOUGHS TO ENLISTED MEN. 190. Furloughs will be granted only by the commanding officer of the post, or the commanding officer of the regiment actually quartered with it. Furloughs may be prohibited at the discretion of the officer in com- mand, and are not to be granted to soldiers about to be discharged. 191. Soldiers on furlough shall not take with them their arms or ac- coutrements. 192. Form of furlough: TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN. The bearer hereof,---------------, a Sergeant (corporal, or private, as the case may be) of Captain---------------company,-----regiment of----, aged — years, —feet — inches high,-----complexion,------- eyes,----- hair, and by profession a -------; born in the -------of -------, and enlisted at-------, in the-----of-------, on the — day of ----, eighteen hundred and------•, to serve for the period of-------, is hereby permitted to go to-----, in the county of-------, State of-------, he having received a Furlough from the— day of-----, to the — day of -----, at which period he will rejoin Ms company or regiment at-----, or wherever it then may be} or be considered a deserter. Subsistence has been furnished to said-------------to the — day of ----, and pay to the — day of-----, both inclusive. Given under my hand, at-------, this — day of-----, 18—. Signature of the officer ") ---------------. giving the furlough. ) ARTICLE XXIII. COUNCILS OF ADMINISTRATION. 193. The commanding officer of every post shall, at least once in every two months, convene a Post Council of Administration, to consist of the three regimental or company officers next in rank to himself; or, if there be but two, then the two next; if but one, the one next; and if there be none other than himself, then he himself shall act. 194. The junior member will record the proceedings of the Council in a book, and submit the same to the commanding officer. If he disap- prove the proceedings, and the Council, after a reconsideration, adhere to its decision, a copy of the whole shall be sent by the officer commanding to the next higher commander, whose decision shall be final, and entered FOR THE ARMY. 35 Council of Administration.---Post Fund. in the Council book, and the whole be published in orders for the informa- tion and government of all concerned. 195. The proceedings of Councils of Administration shall be signed by the president and recorder, and the recorder of each meeting, after en- tering the whole proceedings, together with the final order thereon, shah deposit the book with the commanding officer. In like manner, the ap- proval or objections of the officer ordering the Council will be signed with his own hand. 196. The Post Council shall prescribe the quantity and kind of cloth- ing, small equipments, and soldiers' necessaries, groceries, and all articles which the sutlers may be required to keep on hand; examine the sutler's books and papers, and fix the tariff of prices of the said goods or commo- dities; inspect the sutler's weights and measures; fix the laundress' charges, and make regulations for the post school. 197. Pursuant to the 30th Article of War, commanding officers review- ing the proceedings of the Council of Administration will scrutinize the tariff of prices proposed by them, and take care that the stores actually furnished by the sutler correspond to the quality prescribed. POST FUND. 198. A Post Fund shall be raised at each post by a tax on the sutler, not to exceed 10 cents a month for every officer and soldier of the com- mand, according to the average in each month to be ascertained by the Council, and from the saving on the flour ration, ordinarily 33 per cent., by baking the soldiers' bread at a post bakery. Provided, that when want of vegetables or other reasons make it necessary, the commanding officer may order the flour saved, or any part of it, issued to the men, after paying expenses of baking. 199. The commanding officer shall designate an officer to be post treasurer, who shall keep the account of the fund, subject to the inspec- tion of the Council and commanding officer, and disburse the fund on the warrants of the commanding officer, drawn in pursuance of specific re- solves of the Council. 200. The following are the objects of expenditure of the post fund:— 1st. Expenses of the bake-house; 2d. support of a band; 3d. the post school for soldiers' children; 4th. for formation of a library. 201. On the last day of April, August, and December, and when re- lieved from the duty, the treasurer shall make out his account with the fund since his last account, and submit it, with his vouchers, to the Council of Administration, to be examined by them, and recorded in the Council book, and then forwarded by the commanding officer to Depart- ment Head-Quarters. 36 REVISED REGULATIONS Company Fund.---Chaplains. 202. At each settlement of the treasurer's account, the Council shall distribute the unexpended balance of the post fund to the several com- panies and other troops in the ratio of their average force during the period. 203. When a company leaves the post, it shall then receive its distri- butive share of the accrued fund. 204. The regulations in regard to a post fund will, as far as practi- cable, be applied in the field to a regimental fund, to be raised, admi- nistered, expended, and distributed in like manner, by the regimental commander and a regimental council. COMPANY FUND. 205. The distributions from the post or regimental fund, and the savings from the company rations, constitute the Company Fund, to be disbursed by the captain for the benefit of the enlisted men of the com- pany, pursuant to resolves of the Company Council, consisting of all the company officers present. In case of a tie vote in the Council, the com- mander of the post shall decide. The Council shall be convened once in two months by the captain, and whenever else he may think proper. 206. Their proceedings shall be recorded in a book, signed by all the Council, and open at all times to the inspection of the commander of the post. Every four months, and whenever another officer takes command of the company, and when the company leaves the post, the account of the company fund shall be made up, audited by the Council, recorded in the Council book, and submitted, with a duplicate, to the post commander, who shall examine it and forward the duplicate to Department Head-Quarters. 207. The supervision of the company fund by the post commander herein directed shall, in the field, devolve on the commander of the regiment. ARTICLE XXIV. CHAPLAINS. 208. One chaplain shall be allowed to each regiment of the army, to be appointed by the colonel, on the nomination of the company commanders. None but regularly ordained ministers of some Christian denomination, however, shall be eligible to appointment; and the wishes and wants of the soldiers of the regiment shall be allowed their full and due weight in making the selection. The proceedings in each case will be immediately forwarded to the Adjutant-General's office, the name and denomination of the chaplain being in every case reported. Chaplains will only be allowed to regiments which are embodied and serving together as one whole__not to regiments of which the companies are serving at different stations. 209. Chaplains, not to exceed thirty in number, are also allowed to FOR THE ARMY. 37 Sutlers. posts. The posts at which chaplains may be employed will be announced by the War Department, but the appointment will be made by the Coun cil of Administration. 210. The Council of the post will, however, report to the Adjutant- General, for the approval of the Secretary of War, the rate of pay allowed to the person selected to officiate as Chaplain and perform the duties of Schoolmaster; the decision of the Secretary on this point will be notified to the commanding officer of the post by the Adjutant-General. ARTICLE XXV. SUTLERS. 211. Every military post may have one Sutler, to be appointed by the Secretary of War. 212. A Sutler shall hold his office for a term of three years, unless sooner removed; but the commanding officer may, for cause, suspend a Sutler's privilege until a decision of the War Department is received in the case. 213. In case of vacancy, a temporary appointment may be made by the commanding officer upon the nomination of the Council of Adminis- tration. 214. Troops in campaign, on detachment, or on distant service, will be allowed Sutlers, at the rate of one for every regiment, corps, or separate detachment; to be appointed by the commanding officer of such regi- ment, corps, or detachment, upon the recommendation of the Council of Administration, subject to the approval of the general or other officer in command. 215. No tax or burden in any shape, other than the authorized assess- ment for the post fund, will be imposed on the Sutler. If there be a spare building, the use of it may be allowed him, he being responsible that it is kept in repair. If there be no such building, he may be allowed to erect one; but this article gives the Sutler no claim to quarters, trans- portation for himself or goods, or to any military allowance whatever. 216. The tariff of prices fixed by the Council of Administration shall be exposed in a conspicuous place in the Sutler's store. No difference of prices will be allowed on cash or credit sales. 217. No Sutler shall sell to an enlisted man on credit to a sum exceed- ing one-third of his monthly pay, within the same month, without the writ- ten sanction of the company commander, or the commanding officer of the post or station, if the man does not belong to a company; and not exceeding one-half of the monthly pay with such permission. 218. Three days before the last of every month the Sutler shall render, 38 REVISED REGULATIONS Military Discussions and Publications.---Arrests and Confinements. for verification, to the company commander, or to the commanding officer, as the case may be, according to the meaning of the preceding paragraph, a written and separate account in each case of any charges he may have against enlisted men for collection, and the officer shall submit the ac- count to the soldier for acknowledgment and signature, and witness the same. In the case of death, desertion, or removal from the post (of the soldier), the account will be rendered immediately. If the soldier dis- pute the account and the Sutler insist, and in the case of death and deser- tion, the Sutler will be required to establish the account by affidavit in- dorsed on it before any officer authorized to administer an oath. Debts thus verified as due the Sutler are to be noted on the Muster Rolls, and will be paid by the Paymaster out of the arrearages due to the soldier at the time of death, desertion, discharge, or sentence of court-martial: the sums due the Government and laundress being first paid. Every facility will be afforded to the Sutler in the collection of the just debts contracted with him. He will, to this end, be allowed to take his plaee at the pay- table with his books and accounts. 219. Sutlers shall not farm out or underlet the business and privileges granted by their appointment. ARTICLE XXVI. MILITARY DISCUSSIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. 220. Deliberations or discussions among any class of military men, having the object of conveying praise, or censure, or any mark of appro- bation toward their superiors or others in the military service; and all publications relative to transactions between officers of a private or per- sonal nature, whether newspaper, pamphlet, or hand-bill, are strictly prohibited. ARTICLE XXVII. ARRESTS AND CONFINEMENTS. 221. None but commanding officers have power to place officers under arrest except for offenses expressly designated in the 27th Article of War. 222. Officers are not to be put in arrest for light offenses. For these the censure of the commanding officer will, in most cases, answer the purposes of discipline. 223. An officer in arrest may, at the discretion of his commanding officer, have larger limits assigned him than his tent or quarters, on written application to that effect. Close confinement is not to be resorted to unless under circumstances of an aggravated character. 224. In ordinary cases, and where inconvenience to the service would FOR THE ARMY. 39 Hours of Service and Roll-Calls.---Signals. result from it, a medical officer will not be put in arrest until the court- martial for his trial convenes. 225. The arrest of an officer, or confinement of a soldier, will, as soon as practicable, be notified to his immediate commander. 226. All prisoners under guard, without written charges, will be re- leased by the officer of the day at guard-mounting, unless orders to the contrary be given by the commanding officer. 227. On a march, company officers and non-commissioned officers in arrest will follow in the rear of their respective companies, unless other- wise particularly ordered. 228. Field officers, commissioned and non-commissioned staff officers, under the same circumstances, will follow in the rear of their respective regiments. 229. An officer under arrest will not wear a sword, or visit officially his commanding or other superior officer, unless sent for; and in case of business, he will make known his object in writing. ARTICLE XXVni. HOURS OF SERVICE AND ROLL-CALLS. 230. In garrison, reveille will be sounded immediately after day-break; and retreat at sunset; the troop, surgeon's call, signals for breakfast and din- ner at the hours prescribed by the commanding officer, according to cli- mate and season. In the cavalry, stable-calls immediately after reveille, and an hour and a half before retreat; water-calls at the hours directed by the commanding officer. 231. In camp, the commanding officer prescribes the hours of reveille, reports, roll-calls, guard-mounting, meals, stable-calls, issues, fatigues, &c. 232. SIGNALS. 1. To go for fuel—poing stroke and ten-stroke roll. ■ 2. To go for water—two strokes and a flam. 3. For fatigue party—pioneer's march. 4. Adjutant's call—-firstpart of the troop. 5. First sergeant's call—one roll and four taps. 6. Sergeant's call—-one roll and three taps. 7. Corporal's call—one roll and two taps. 8. For the drummers—the drummer's call. 233. The drummer's call shall be beat by the drums of the police guard five minutes before the time of beating the stated calls, when the drummers will assemble before the colors of their respective regiments, 40 REVISED REGULATIONS Roll-Calls.---Honors to he paid by the Troops. and as soon as the beat begins on the right, it will be immediately taken up along the line. ROLL-CALLS. 234. There shall be daily at least three roll-calls, viz., at reveille, retreat, and tattoo. They will be made on the company parades by the first ser- geants, superintended by a commissioned officer of the company. The captains will report the absentees without leave to the colonel or com- manding officer. 235. Immediately after reveille roll-call (after stable-duty in the cavalry), the tents or quarters, and the space around them, will be put in order by the men of the companies, superintended by the chiefs of squads, and the guard-house or guard-tent by the guard or prisoners. 236. The morning reports of companies, signed by the captains and First Sergeants, will be handed to the Adjutant before eight o'clock in the morning, and will be consolidated by the Adjutant within the next hour, for the information of the Colonel; and if the consolidation is to be sent to higher authority, it will be signed by the Colonel and the Adjutant. ARTICLE XXIX. HONORS TO BE PAID BY THE TROOPS. 237. The President or Vice-President is to be saluted with the highest honors—all standards and colors dropping, officers and troops saluting, drums beating and trumpets sounding. 238. A General commanding-in-chief is to be received—by cavalry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding the march, and~all the officers saluting, standards dropping; by infantry, with drums beating the march, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 239. A Major-General is to be received—by cavalry, with sabres pre- sented, trumpets sounding twice the trumpet-flourish, and officers salut- ing; by infantry, with three ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 240. A Brigadier-General is to be received—by cavalry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding once the trumpet-flourish, and officers salut- ing; by infantry, with two ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 241. An Adjutant- General or Inspector- General, if under the rank of a General officer, is to be received at a review or inspection of the troops under arms—by cavalry, with sabres presented, officers saluting; by in- fantry, officers saluting and arms presented. The same honors to be paid FOR THE ARMY. 41 Honors to be paid by the Troops. to any field-officer authorized to review and inspect the troops. When the inspecting officer is junior to the officer commanding the parade, no compliments will be paid: he will be received only with swords drawn and arms shouldered. 242. All guards are to turn out and present arms to General officers as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of General officers, which turn out only to the Generals whose guards they are, and to officers of superior rank. 243. To commanders of regiments, garrison, or camp, their own guard turn out, and present arms once a day; after which, they turn out with shouldered arms. 244. To the members of the Cabinet; to the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate, and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States; and to Governors, within their respective States and Territories —the same honors will be paid as to a General commanding-in-chief. 245. Officers of a foreign service may be complimented with the honors due to their rank. 246. American and Foreign Envoys or Ministers will be received with the compliments due to a Major-General. 247. The colors of a regiment passing a guard are to be saluted, the trumpets sounding, and the drums beating a march. 248. When General officers, or persons entitled to salute, pass in the rear of a guard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. 249. When General officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer of the whole. 250. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties approach their posts; and to parties commanded by commissioned officers, they are to present their arms, drums beating a march, and officers saluting. 251. No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid between retreat and reveille, except as prescribed for grand rounds. 252. All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compliments to the officers of the navy, marines, and militia, in the service of the United States, as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army, according to their relative ranks. 253. It is equally the duty of non-commissioned officers and soldiers, at all times and in all situations, to pay the proper compliments to officers of the navy and marines, and to officers of other regiments, when in uni- form, as to officers of their own particular regiments and corps. 254. Courtesy among military men is indispensable to discipline. Re- spect to superiors will not be confined to obedience on duty, but will be 42 REVISED REGULATIONS Salutes. extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior to return such complimentary notice. 255. Sergeants, with swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a present—with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Corporals out of the ranks, and privates not sentries, will carry their muskets at a shoulder as ser- geants, and salute in like manner. 256. When a soldier without arms, or with side-arms only, meets an officer, he is to raise his hand to the right side of the visor of his cap, palm to the front, elbow raised as high as the shoulder, looking at the same time in a respectful and soldier-like manner at the officer, who will return the compliment thus offered. 257. A non-commissioned officer or soldier being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer, and make the customary salutation. If standing, he will turn toward the officer for the same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place or on the same ground, such compliments need not be repeated. SALUTES. 258. The national salute is determined by the number of States com- posing the Union, at the rate of one gun for each State. 259. The President of the United States alone is to receive a salute of twenty-one guns. 260. The Vice-President is to receive a salute of seventeen guns. 261. The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the National Government; the General commanding the army; the Governors of States and Territories,,within their respective jurisdictions, fifteen guns. 262. A Major-General, thirteen guns. 263. A Brigadier-General, eleven guns. 264. Foreign ships of war will be saluted in return for a similar com- pliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially received of such intention. If there be several posts in sight of, or within six miles of each other, the principal only shall reciprocate compliments with ships passing. 265. Officers of the Navy will be saluted according to relative rank 266. Foreign Officers invited to visit a fort or post may be saluted according to their relative rank. 267. Envoys ana* Ministers of the United States and foreign powers are to be saluted with thirteen guns. 268. A General officer will be saluted but once in a year at each post and only when notice of his intention to visit the post has been given. 269. Salutes to individuals are to be fired on their arrival only. FOR THE ARMY. 43 Escorts of Honor.---Funeral Honors. 270. A national salute will be fired at meridian on the anniversary of the Independence of the United States, at each military post and camp' provided with artillery and ammunition. ESCORTS OF HONOR. 271. Escorts of honor may be composed of cavalry or infantry, or both, according to circumstances. They are guards of honor for the purpose of receiving and escorting personages of high rank, civil or military. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior discipline. 272. The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre opposite to the place where the personage presents himself, with an interval between the wings to receive him and his retinue. On his appearance, he will be re- ceived with the honors due to his rank. When he has taken his place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into platoons or companies, as the case may be, and take up the march. The same ceremony will be observed, and the same honors paid, on his leaving the escort. 273. When the position of the escort is at a considerable distance from the point where he is expected to be received, as, for instance, where a court-yard or wharf intervenes, a double line of sentinels will be posted from that point to the escort, facing inward, and the sentinels will suc- cessively salute as he passes. 274. An officer will be appointed to attend him, to bear such commu- nications as he may have to make to the commander of the escort. FUNERAL HONORS. 275. On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the Presi- dent of the United States, at any post or camp, the commanding officer shall, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired at every half hour, beginning at sunriec, and ending at sunset. When posts are contiguous, the firing will take place at the post only commanded by the superior officer. 276. On the day of the interment of a General commanding-in-chief, a o-un will be fired at every half hour, until the procession moves, beginning at sunrise. 277. The funeral escort of a General commanding-in-chief shall con- sist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. 278. That of a Major-General, a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and four pieces of artillery. 279. That of a Brigadier-General, a regiment of infantry, one com- pany of cavalry, and two pieces of artillery. u REVISED REGULATIONS Funeral Honors. 280 That of a Colonel, a regiment. 281. That of a Lieutenant-Colonel, six companies. 282 That of a Major, four companies. 283 That of a Captain, one company. 284. That of a Subaltern, half a company. 285. The funeral escort shall always be commanded by an officer of the same rank with the deceased; or, if none such be present, by one of the next inferior grade. 286. The funeral escort of a non-commissioned staff officer shall consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 287. That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded by a Sergeant. 288. That of a Corporal, of twelve rank and file, commanded by a Corporal; and, 289. That of a private, of eight rank and file, commanded by a Corporal. 290. The escort will be formed in two ranks, opposite to the quarters or tent of the deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets unfixed; the artillery and cavalry on the right of the infantry. 291. On the appearance of the corpse, the officer commanding the escort will command, Present—Arms ! when the honors due to the deceased will be paid by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appropriate air, and the coffin will then be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The commander will next order, 1. Shoulder—Arms ! 2. By company (orplatoon), left wheel. 3. March ! 4. Reverse—Arms ! 5. Column, forward. 6. Guide right. 7. March ! The arms will be reversed at the order by bringing the firelock under the left arm, butt to the front, barrel downward, left hand sustaining the lock, the right steadying the firelock behind the back; swords are reversed in a similar manner under the right arm. 292. The column will be marched in slow time to solemn music, and, on reaching the grave, will take a direction so as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the column is opposite the grave the commander will order, 1. Column. 2. Halt ! 3. Right into line, wheel. 4. March ! The coffin is then brought along the front, to the opposite side of the grave, and the commander then orders, FOR THE ARMY. 45 Funeral Honors. 1. Shoulder—Arms ! 2. Present—Arms ! And when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds, 1. Shoulder—Arms ! 2. Rest on—Arms! The rest on arms is done by placing the muzzle on the left foot, both hands on the butt, the head on the hands or bowed, right knee bent. 293. After the funeral service is performed, and the coffin is lowered into the grave, the commander will order, 1. Attention! 2. Shoulder—Arms! 3. Load at will. 4. Load! When three rounds of small arms will be fired by the escort, taking care to elevate the pieces. 294. This being done, the commander will order, 1. By company (or platoon), right wheel. 2. March 1 3. Column, forward. 4. Guide left. 5. Quick—March ! The music will not begin to play until the escort is clear of the inclosure. 295. When the distance to the place of interment is considerable, the escort may march in common time and in column of route, after leaving the camp or garrison, and till it approaches the burial-ground. 296. The pall-bearers, six in number, will be selected from the grade of the deceased, or from the grade or grades next above or below it. 297. At the funeral of an officer, as many in commission of the army, division, brigade, or regiment, according to the rank of the deceased, as can conveniently be spared from other duties, will join in the procession in uniform, and with side-arms. The funeral of a non-commissioned officer or private will be attended, in like manner, by the non-com- missioned officers or privates of the regiment or company, according to the rank of the deceased, with side-arms only. 298. Persons joining in the procession follow the coffin in the inverse order of their rank. 299. The usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black crape around the left arm, above the elbow, and also upon the sword-hilt; and will be worn when in full or in undress. 300. As family mourning, crape will be worn by officers (when in uniform) only around the left arm. 301. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with black crape, or thin black serge. 46 REVISED REGULATIONS Inspections of the Troops.---Form of Inspection. 302. Funeral honors will be paid to deceased officers without military rank, according to their assimilated grades. ARTICLE XXX. INSPECTIONS OF THE TROOPS. 303. The inspection of troops, as a division, regiment, or other body composing a garrison or command, not less than a company, will generally be preceded by a review. 304. There will be certain periodical inspections, to wit: 1. The commanders of regiments and posts will make an inspection of their commands on the last day of every month. 2. Captains will inspect their companies every Sunday morning. No soldier will be excused from Sunday inspection except the guard, the sick, and the necessary attendants in the hospital. 3. Medical officers having charge of hospitals will also make a thorough inspection of them every Sunday morning. 4. Inspection when troops are mustered for payment. 305. Besides these inspections, frequent visits will be made by the commanding officer, company and medical officers, during the month, to the men's quarters, the hospital, guard-house, &c. FORM OF INSPECTION. 306. The present example embraces a battalion of infantry. The inspecting officer and the field and staff officers will be on foot. 307. The battalion being in the order of battle, the Colonel will cause it to break into open column of companies, right in front. He will next order the ranks to be opened, when the color-rank and color-guard, under the direction of the Adjutant, will take post ten paces in front, and the band ten paces in rear of the column. 308. The Colonel, seeing the ranks aligned, will command, 1. Officers and Sergeants, to the front of your companies. 2. March! The officers will form themselves in one rank, eight paces, and the non- commissioned officers in one rank, six paces, in advance, along the whole fronts of their respective companies, from right to left, in the order of seniority; the pioneers and music of each company, in one rank, two paces behind the non-commissioned officers. 309. The Colonel will next command, Field and staff, to the front—March! FOR THE ARMY. 47 Form of Inspection. The commissioned officers thus designated will form themselves in one rank, on a line equal to the front of the column, six paces in front of the colors, from right to left, in the order of seniority; and the non-commis- sioned staff, in a similar manner, two paces in rear of the preceding rank. The Colonel, seeing the movement executed, will take post on the right of the Lieutenant-Colonel, and wait the approach of the inspecting officer But such of the field officers as may be superior in rank to the Inspector will not take post in front of the battalion. 310. The Inspector will commence in front. After inspecting the dress and general appearance of the field and commissioned staff under arms, the Inspector, accompanied by these officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every rank in front and rear. 311. The Colonel will now command, 1. Order Arms. 2. Rest ! when the Inspector will proceed to make a minute inspection of the several ranks or divisions, in succession, commencing in front. 312. As the Inspector approaches the non-commissioned staff, color- rank, the color-guard, and the band, the Adjutant will give the necessary orders for the inspection of arms, boxes, and knapsacks. The colors will be planted firm in the ground, to enable the color-bearers to display the contents of their knapsacks. The non-commissioned staff may be dis- missed as soon as inspected; but the color-rank and color-guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the place from which they were taken. 313. As the Inspector successively approaches the companies, the Cap- tains will command, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Inspection—Arms! The inspecting officer will then go through the whole company, and minutely inspect the arms, accoutrements, and dress of each soldier. After this is done, the Captain will command, Open—Boxes ! when the ammunition and the boxes will be examined. 314. The Captain will then command, 1. Shoulder—Arms I 3. March! 2. Close order. 4. Order—Arms ! 48 REVISED REGULATIONS Form of Inspection. 5. Stack—Arms! 8. Frontrank—About—Face! 6. To the rear, open order. 9. Unsling—Knap>sacks. 7. March! 10. Open—Knapsacks. 315. The Sergeants will face inward at the 2d command, and close upon the centre at the 3d, and stack their arms at the 5th command; at the 6th command they face outward, and resume their positions at the 7th. When the ranks are closed, preparatory to lake arms, the Sergeants will also close upon the centre, and at the word, take their arms and resume their places. 316. The knapsacks will be placed at the feet of the men, the flaps from them, with the great-coats on the flaps, and the knapsacks leaning on the great-coats. In this position the Inspector will examine their contents, or so many of them as he may think necessary, commencing with the non-commissioned officers, the men standing at attention. 317. When the Inspector has passed through the company, the Cap- tain will command, Repack—Knapsacks ; when each soldier will repack and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on the ground, the number upward, turned from him, and then stand at rest. 318. The Captain will then command, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Sling—Knapsacks. At the word sling, each soldier will take his knapsack, holding it by the inner straps, and stand erect; at the last word he will replace it on his back. The Captain will continue, 4. Frontrank—About—Face ! 8. Shoulder—Arms ! 5. Close order. 9. Officers and Sergeants, to your 6. March ! posts. 7. Take—Arms ! 10. March ! and will cause the company to file off to their tents or quarters, except the company that is to re-escort the colors, which will await the further orders of the Colonel. 319. In an extensive column, some of the rearmost companies may, after the inspection of dress and general appearance, be permitted to stack arms until just before the Inspector approaches them, when they will be directed to take arms and resume their position. 320. The inspection of the troops being ended, the field and staff will FOR THE ARMY. 49 Form of Inspection.---Musters. next accompany the Inspector to the hospital, magazine, arsenal, quarters, sutler's shop, guard-house, and such other places as he may think proper to inspect. The Captains and subalterns repair to their companies ana sections to await the Inspector. 321. The hospital being at all times an object of particular interest, it will be critically and minutely inspected. 322. The men will be formed in the company quarters in front of their respective bunks, and on the entrance of the Inspector the word Atten- tion! will be given by the senior non-commissioned officer present, when the whole will salute with the hand, without uncovering. 323. The Inspector, attended by the company officers, will examine the general arrangement of the interior of the quarters, the bunks, bedding, cooking and table utensils, and such other objects as may present them- selves ; and afterward the exterior. 324. The Adjutant will exhibit to the Inspector the regimental books and papers, including those relating to the transactions of the Council of Administration. The company books and papers will also be exhibited, the whole together, generally at the Adjutant's office, and in the presence of the officers not otherwise particularly engaged. 325. The Inspector will examine critically the books and accounts of the administrative and disbursing officers of the command, and the money and property in their keeping. 326. The inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the prin- ciples laid down in the foregoing paragraphs, regard being had to the system of instruction for those arms of service respectively. ARTICLE XXXI. MUSTERS. . 327. Troops will be mustered for pay on the last day of February, April, June, August, October, and December. The musters will be made by an Inspector-General, if present, otherwise by an officer specially desig- nated by the Commander of the Army, Division, or Department; and in absence of either an Inspector-General or officer specially designated, the muster will be made by the commander of the post. 328. When one inspecting officer cannot muster all the troops himself on the day specified, the commanding officer will designate such other competent officers as may be necessary, to assist him. 329. All stated musters of the troops shall be preceded by a minute and careful inspection in the prescribed mode; and if the command be of more than a company, by a review, before inspection. 330. The mustering officer having inspected the companies in succession, 4 50 REVISED REGULATIONS Forms of Parade. beginning on the right, returns to the first company to muster it. The company being at ordered arms, with open ranks, as when inspected, the Captain will, as the mustering officer approaches, command, 1. Attention. 2. Company! 3. Shoulder—Arms! 4. Support—Arms! The mustering officer will then call over the names on the roll, and each man, as his name is called, will distinctly answer, Here! and bring his piece to a carry and to an order. 331. After each company is mustered, the Captain will order it to be marched to the company parade, and there dismissed to quarters to await the Inspector's visit. 332. After mustering the companies, the mustering officer, attended by the company commanders, will visit the guard and hospital, to verify the presence of the men reported there. 333. The muster and pay rolls will be made on the printed forms fur- nished from the Adjutant-General's office, and according to the direc- tions given on them. On the muster-rolls companies are designated by the name of the Captain, whether present or absent. The pay-roll is left blank, to be filled by the Paymaster. 334. One copy of each muster-roll will be transmitted by the mustering officer to the Adjutant-General's office in the War Department within three days after the muster. ARTICLE XXXII. FORMS OF PARADE. 335. On all parades of ceremony, such as Reviews, Guard-mounting, at Troop or Retreat parades, instead of the word "Rest," which allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command will be " Parade—Rest I" At the last word of this command, the soldier will carry the right foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right leg; the musket resting against the hollow of the right shoulder, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them outward, and the left hand uppermost. At the word "Attention!" the soldier will resume the correct position at ordered arms. In the positions here indicated, the soldier will remain silent and motionless; and it is particularly enjoined upon all officers to cause the commands above given, on the part of the soldier, to be exe- cuted with great briskness and spirit. 336. Officers on all duties under arms are to have their swords diawn without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. FOR THE ARMY. 51 Dress Parade. I. DRESS PARADE. 337. There shall be daily one dress parade, at troop or retreat, as the commanding officer may direct. 338. A signal will be beat or sounded half an hour before troop or retreat, for the music to assemble on the regimental parade, and each company to turn out under arms on its own parade, for roll-call and inspection by its own officers. 339. Ten minutes after that signal, the Adjutants call will be given, when the Captains will march their companies (the band playing) to the regimental parade, where they take their positions in the order of battle. When the line is formed, the Captain of the first company, on notice from the Adjutant, steps one pace to the front, and gives to his company the command, " Order—Arms ! Parade—Rest !" which is repeated by each Captain in succession to the left. The Adjutant takes post two paces on the right of the line; the Sergeant-major two paces on the left. The music will be formed in two ranks on the right of the Adjutant. The senior officer present will take the command of the parade, and will take post- at a suitable distance in front, opposite the centre, facing the line. 340. When the companies have ordered arms, the Adjutant will order the music to beat off, when it will commence on the right, beat in front of the line to the left, and back to its place on the right. 341. When the music has ceased, the Adjutant will step two paces to the front, face to the left, and command, 1. Attention! 2. Battalion. 3. Shoulder—Arms! 4. Prepare to open ranks ! 5. To the rear, open order ! 6. March ! At the sixth command, the ranks will be opened according to the system laid down in the Infantry Tactics, the commissioned officers marching to the front, the company officers four paces, field officers six paces, opposite to their positions in the order of battle, where they will halt and dress. The Adjutant, seeing the ranks aligned, will command, Front! and march along the front to the centre, face to the right, and pass the line of company officers eight or ten paces, where he will come to the right-about, and command, Present—Arm's ! when arms will be presented, officers saluting. 52 REVISED REGULATIONS Dress Parade. 342. Seeing this executed, he will face about to the commanding officer, salute, and report, " Sir, the parade is formed." The Adjutant will then, on intimation to that effect, take his station three paces on the left of the commanding officer, one pace retired, passing round his rear. 343. The commanding officer, having acknowledged the salute of the line by touching his hat, will, after the Adjutant has taken his post, draw his sword, and command, 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder—Arms ! and add such exercises as he may think proper, concluding with Order—Arms ! then return his sword, and direct the Adjutant to receive the reports. 344. The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the commanding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers, and command, 1. First Sergeants, to the front and centre. 2. March! At the first command, they will shoulder arms as Sergeants, march two paces to the front, and face inward. At the second command, they will march to the centre, and halt. The Adjutant will then order, 1. Front—Face. 2. Report. At the last word, each in succession, beginning on the right, will salute by bringing the left hand smartly across the breast to the right shoulder, and report the result of the roll-call previously made on the company parade. 345. The Adjutant again commands, 1. First Sergeants, outward—Face! 2. To your posts—March! when they will resume their places, and order arms. The Adjutant will now face to the commanding officer, salute, report absent officers, and give the result of the First Sergeants' reports. The commanding officer will next direct the orders to be read, when the Adjutant will face about and announce, Attention to Orders. He will then read the orders. FOR THE ARMY. 53 Dress Parade.—Review. 346. The orders having been read, the Adjutant will face to the com- manding officer, salute, and report; when, on an intimation from the commander, he will face again to the line, and announce, Parade is dismissed. All the officers will now return their swords, face inward, and close on the Adjutant, he having taken position in their line, the field officers on the flanks. The Adjutant commands, 1. Front—Face ! 2. Forward—March ! when they will march forward, dressing on the centre, the music playing, and when within six paces of the commander, the Adjutant will give the word, Halt! The officers will then salute the commanding officer by raising the hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have communicated to them such instructions as he may have to give, or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers disperse, the First Sergeants will close the ranks of their respective companies, and march them to the company parades, where they will be dismissed, the band continuing to play until the companies clear the regimental parade. 347. All field and company officers and men will be present at dress parades, unless especially excused, or on some duty incompatible with such attendance. 348. A dress parade once a day will not be dispensed with, except on extraordinary and urgent occasions. II. REVIEW OF A BATTALION OF INFANTRY. 349. Preparatory to a review, the Adjutant will cause a camp-color to be placed 80 or 100 paces, or more, according to the length of the line, in front of, and opposite to, where the centre of the battalion will rest, where the reviewing officer is supposed to take his station; and, although he may choose to quit that position, still the color is to be considered as the point to which all the movements and formations are relative. 350. The Adjutant will also cause points to be marked, at suitable distances, for the wheelings of the divisions; so that their right flanks, in marching past, shall only be about four paces from the camp-color, where it is supposed the reviewing officer places himself to receive the salute. 54 REVISED REGULATIONS Review. 351. The battalion being formed in the order of battle, at shouldered arms, the Colonel will command, 1. Battalion, prepare for review ! 2. To the rear, open order. 3. March! At the word March, the field and staff officers dismount; the company officers and the color-rank advance four paces in front of the front rank, and place themselves opposite to their respective places, in the order of battle. The color-guard replace the color-rank. The staff officers place themselves, according to rank, three paces on the right of the rank of company officers, and one pace from each other; the music takes post as at parade. The non-commissioned staff take post one pace from each other, and three paces on the right of the front rank of the battalion. 352. When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will command, Front! and place himself eight paces, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major will place themselves two paces, in front of the rank of company officers, and opposite to their respective places in the order of battle, all facing to the front. 353. When the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty paces distant, the Colonel will face about, and com- mand, Present—Arms ! and resume his front. The men present arms, and the officers salute, so as to drop their swords with the last motion of the firelock. The non- commissioned staff salute by bringing the sword to a poise, the hilt rest- ing on the breast, the blade in front of the face, inclining a little outward. The music will play, and all the drums beat, according to the rank of the reviewing officer. The colors only salute such persons as, from their rank, and by regulation (see Article XXIX.), are entitled to that honor. If the reviewing officer be junior in rank to the commandant of the parade, no compliment will be paid to him, but he will be received with arms carried, and the officers will not salute as the column passes in review. 354. The reviewing officer having halted, and acknowledged the salute of the line by touching or raising his cap or hat, the Colonel will face about and command, Shoulder—Arms ! when the men shoulder their pieces; the officers and non-commissioned staff recover their swords with the last motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. FOR THE ARMY. 55 Review. 355. The reviewing officer will then go toward the right, the whole re- maining perfectly steady, without paying any further compliment, whilt he passes along the front of the battalion, and proceeds round the left flank, and along the rear of the file-closers, to the right. While the re- viewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 356. When the reviewing officer turns off, to place himself by the camp-color in front, the Colonel will face to the line and command, 1. Close Order. 2. March ! At the first command, the field and company officers will face to the right-about, and at the second command, all persons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in the order of battle; the field and staff officers mount. 357. The reviewing officer having taken his position near the camp- color, the Colonel will command, 1. By company, right wheel. 2. Quick—March! 3. Pass in review. 4. Column,forward. 5. Guide right. 6. March! The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered arms, be put in motion; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading company; the Lieutenant- Colonel on a line with the leading company; the Major on a line with the rear company; the Adjutant on a line with the second company; the Sergeant-Major on a line with the company next preceding the rear—each six paces from the flank (left) opposite to the reviewing officer; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of precedency, from the right, four paces in rear of the column; the music, preceded by the princi- pal musician, six paces before the Colonel; the pioneers, preceded by a Corporal, four paces before the principal musician; and the Quartermaster- Sero-eant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pioneers. 358. All other officers and non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. 359. The color-bearer will remain in the ranks while passing and saluting. 360. The music will begin to play at the command to march, and after passing the reviewing officer, wheel to the left out of the column, and 56 REVISED REGULATIONS Review. take a position opposite and facing him, and will continue to play until the rear of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease, and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time also, in which case it will keep its position. 361. The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they arrive within six paces of him, and recover their swords when six paces past him. All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes toward the reviewing officer. 362. The Colonel, when he has saluted at the head of the battalion, will place" himself near the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 363. The colors will salute the reviewing officer, if entitled to it, when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed by him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march, or ruffle, according to the rank of the reviewing officer, at the same time that the colors salute. 364. When the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will direct it to the ground it marched from, and command, Guide left, in time for the guides to cover. The column having arrived on its ground, the Colonel will command, 1. Column. 2. Halt! form it in order of battle, and cause the ranks to be opened as in para- graph 351. The review will terminate by the whole saluting as at the beginning. 365. If, however, instructions have been previously given to march the troops past in quick time also, the Colonel will, instead of changing the guides, halting the column, and wheeling it into line, as above directed, give the command, 1. Quich time. 2. March ! In passing the reviewing officer again, no salute will be offered by either officers or men. The music will have kept its position opposite the review- ing officer, and at the last command will commence playing, and as the column approaches, will place itself in front of, and march off with the column, and continue to play until the battalion is halted on its original ground of formation. The Review will terminate in the same manner as prescribed above. FOR THE ARMY. 57 Review. 366. The Colonel will afterward cause the troops to perform' such exercises and manoeuvres as the reviewing officer may direct. 367. When two or more battalions are to be reviewed, they will be formed in parade order, with the proper intervals, and will also perform the same movements that are laid down for a single battalion, observing the additional directions that are given for such movements when applied to the line. The Brigadier-General and his staff, on foot, will place them- selves opposite the centre of the brigade; the Brigadier-General two paces in front of the rank of Colonels; his aid two paces on his right, and one retired; and the other brigade staff officers, those having the rank of field officers, in the rank of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors; and those below that rank, in the rank of company officers. 368. In passing in review, a Major-General will be four paces in front of the Colonel of the leading battalion of his division; and the Brigadier- General will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading battalions of their brigades; staff officers on the left of their Generals. 369. When the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may cause them to march past in quick time only. In such cases the mounted officers only will salute. 370. A number of companies less than a battalion will be reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it were with the battalion. In the latter case, the company may pass in column of platoons. 371. If several brigades are to be reviewed together, or in one line, this further difference will be observed : the reviewing personage, joined by the General of the division, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line, parallel to its front, and when near the Brigadier-Generals respectively, will be saluted by their brigades in succession. The music of each, after the prescribed salute, will play while the reviewing person- age is in front, or in rear of it, and only then. 372. In marching in review, with several battalions in common time, the music of each succeeding battalion will commence to play when the music of the preceding one has ceased, in order to follow its battalion. When marching in quick time, the music will begin to play when the rear company of the preceding battalion has passed the reviewing officer. 373. The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge the salute by raising, or taking off, his cap or hat, when the commander of the troops salutes him; and also when the colors pass. The remainder of the time occupied by the passage of the troops he will be covered. 374. The review of Cavalry and Artillery will be conducted on similar principles, and according to the systems of instruction for those arms of service. 58 REVISED REGULATIONS Guard-Mounting. III. GUARD-MOUNTING. 375. Camp and garrison guards will be relieved every twenty-four hours. The guards at outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner, but this must depend on their distances from camp, or other circumstances, which may sometimes require their continuing on duty several days. In such cases, they must be previously warned to provide themselves accordingly. 376. At the first call for guard-mounting, the men warned for duty turn out on their company parades for inspection by the First Sergeants; and at the second call, repair to the regimental or garrison parade, conducted by the First Sergeants. Each detachment, as it arrives, will, under the direction of the Adjutant, take post on the left of the one that preceded it, in open order, arms shouldered, and bayonets fixed; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear of the men of their respective companies; the First Sergeants in rear of them. The Sergeant-Major will dress the ranks, count the files, verify the details, and when the guard is formed, report to the Adjutant, and take post two paces on the left of the front rank. 377. The Adjutant then commands Front, when the officer of the guard takes post twelve paces in front of the centre, the Sergeants in one rank, four paces in the rear of the officers; and the Corporals in one rank, four paces in the rear of the Sergeants—all facing to the front. The Adju- tant then assigns their places in the guard. 378. The Adjutant will then command, 1. Officer and non-commissioned officers. 2. About—Face. 3. Inspect your guards—MARCH ! The non-commissioned officers then take their posts. The commander of the guard then commands, 1. Order—Arms. 2. Inspection—Arms. and inspects his guard. When there is no commissioned officer on the guard, the Adjutant will inspect it. During inspection the band will play. 379. The inspection ended, the officer of the guard takes post as though the guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review; at the same time, also, the officers of the day will take post in front of 'the centre of the guard; the old officer of the day three paces on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 380. The Adjutant will now command, FOR THE ARMY. 59 Guard-Mounting. 1. Parade—Rest! 2. Troop—Beat off! when the music, beginning on the right, will beat down the line in front of the officer of the guard to the left, and back to its place on the right, where it will cease to play. 381. The Adjutant then commands, 1. Attention! 2. Shoulder—Arms! 3. Close order—March! At the word "close order/' the officer will face about; at "march," resume his post in line. The Adjutant then commands, Present—Arms ! At which he will face to the new officer of the day, salute, and report, "Sir, the guard is formed." The new officer of the day, after acknow- ledging the salute, will direct the Adjutant to march the guard in review, or by flank to its post. But if the Adjutant be senior to the officer of the day, he will report without saluting with the sword then, or when marching the guard in review. 382. In review, the guard march past the officer of the day, according to the order of review, conducted by the Adjutant, marching on the left of the first division; the Sergeant-Major on the left of the last division. 383. When the column has passed the officer of the day, the officer of the guard marches it to its post, the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major retiring. The music, which has wheeled out of the column, and taken post opposite the officer of the day, will cease, and the old officer of the day salute, and give the old or standing orders to the new officer of the day. The super- numeraries, at the same time, will be marched by the First Sergeants to their respective company parades, and dismissed. 384. In bad weather, or at night, or after fatiguing marches, the cere- mony of turning off may be dispensed with, but not the inspection. 385. Grand guards, and other brigade guards, are organized and mounted on the brigade parade by the staff officer of the parade, under the direction of the field officer of the day of the brigade, according to the principles here prescribed for the police guard of a regiment. The detail of each regiment is assembled on the regimental parade, verified by the Adjutant, and marched to the brigade parade by the senior officer of the detail. After inspection and review, the officer of the day directs the several guards to their respective posts. 386. The officer of the old guard, having his guard paraded, on the approach of the new guard commands, Present—Arms ! 60 REVISED REGULATIONS Guard-Mounting. 387. The new guard will march, in quick time, past the old guard, at shouldered arms, officers saluting, and take post four paces on its right, where, being aligned with it, its commander will order, Present—Arms ! The two officers will then approach each other, and salute. They will then return to their respective guards, and command, 1. Shoulder—Arms! 2. Order—Arms! 388. The officer of the new guard will now direct the detail for the advanced guard to be formed and marched to its post, the list of the guard made and divided into three relief's, experienced soldiers placed over the arms of the guard and at the remote and responsible posts, and the young soldiers in posts near the guard for instruction in their duties, and will himself proceed to take possession of the guard-house or guard- tent, and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard. 389. During the time of relieving the sentinels and of calling in the small posts, the old commander will give to the new all the information and instructions relating to his post. 390. The first relief having been designated and ordered two paces to the front, the Corporal of the new guard will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, accompanied by the Corporal of the old guard, who will take command of the old sentinels, when the whole are relieved. 391. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants are to be employed, as well as the Corporals, in relieving them. 392. The relief, with arms at a support, in two ranks, will march by a flank, conducted by the Corporal on the side of the leading front-rank man; and the men will be numbered alternately in the front and rear rank, the man on the right of the front rank being No. 1. Should an officer approach, the Corporal will command carry arms, and resume the support arms when the officer is passed. 393. The sentinels at the guard-house or guard-tent will be the first relieved and left behind: the others are relieved in succession. 394. When a sentinel sees the relief approaching, he will halt and face to it, with his arms at a shoulder. At six paces, the Corporal will command, 1. Relief. 2. Halt! when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Corporal will then add ''No. 1," or "No. 2," or "No. 3," according to the number of the post,' FOR THE AR MI. 61 Guard-Mounting.---Guards. Arms—Port ! The two sentinels will, with arms at port, then approach each other, when the old sentinel, under the correction of-the Corporal, will whisper the instructions to the new sentinel. This done, the two sentinels will shoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass, in quick time, to his place in rear of the relief. The Corporal will then command, 1. Support—Arms! 2. Forward. 3. March! and the relief proceeds in the same manner until the whole are relieved. 395. The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having come in, it will be marched, at shouldered arms, along the front of the new guard, in quick time, the new guard standing at presented arms; officers salut- ing, and the music of both guards beating, except at the outposts. 396. On arriving at the regimental or garrison parade, the commander of the old guard will send the detachments composing it, under charge of the non-commissioned officers, to their respective regiments. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn or discharged at a target. On rejoining their companions, the chiefs of squads will examine the arms, &c, of their men, and cause the whole to be put away in good order. 397. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his men to stack their arms, or place them in the arm-racks. 398. The commander of the guard will then make himself acquainted with all the instructions for his post, visit the sentinels, and question them and the non-commissioned officers relative to the instructions they may have received from other persons of the old guard. ARTICLE XXXIII. GUARDS. 399. Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it necessary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer intervals. 400. Each relief, before mounting, is inspected by the commander of the guard or of its post. The Corporal reports to him, and presents the old relief on its return. 401. The countersign, or watchword, is given to such persons as are entitled to pass during the night, and to officers, non-commissioned 62 REVISED REGULATIONS Sentinels- officers, and sentinels of the guard. Interior guards receive the counter- sign only when ordered by the commander of the troops. 402. The parole is imparted to such officers only as have a right to visit the guards, and to make the grand rounds; and to officers com- manding guards. 403. As soon as the new guard has been marched off, the officer of the day will repair to the office of the commanding officer and report for orders. 404. The officer of the day must see that the officer of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat. 405. The officer of the day visits the guards during the day at such times as he may deem necessary, and makes his rounds at night at least once after 12 o'clock. 406. Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make such remarks in the report of the officer of the guard as circumstances require, and present the same at head-quarters. 407. Commanders of guards leaving their posts to visit their sentinels, or on other duty, are to mention their intention, and the probable time of their absence, to the next in command. 408. The officers are to remain constantly at their guards, except while visiting their sentinels, or necessarily engaged elsewhere on their proper duty. 409. Neither officers nor soldiers are to take off their clothing or accoutrements while they are on guard. 410. The officer of the guard must see that the countersign is duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twilight. 411. When a fire breaks out, or any alarm is raised in a garrison, all guards are to be immediately under arms. 412. Inexperienced officers are put on guard as supernumeraries, for the purpose of instruction. 413. Sentinels will not take orders or allow themselves to be relieved, except by an officer or non-commissioned officer of their guard or party, the officer of the day, or the commanding officer; in which case the orders will be immediately notified to the commander of the guard by the officer giving them. 414. Sentinels will report every breach of orders or regulations they are instructed to enforce. 415. Sentinels must keep themselves on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within sight and hearing of their post. They will carry their arms habitually at support, or on either shoulder, but will never quit them. In wet weather, if there be no sentry-box, they will secure arms. FOR THE ARMY. 63 Form of Guard Report. FORM OF GUARD REPORT. Report of a Guard mounted at —, on the —, and relieved on the —. Parole. 3 c3 a a> "3 3 3 a> 4) «2 O P< o CO .2 '« '5 CO "3 Pi "3 o El fcO < Articles in Charge. fore-es. st In-intry. Countersign. Received the going artic A. B--- Lieut. 1 ft Detail. LIST OF THE GUARD. Reliefs, and when posted. Where posted. 1st Relief. From — to — and — to — 2d Relief. From — to — and — to — 3d Relief. From — to — and — to — Remarks No. Name. Co. Rt. Name. Co. Rt. Name. Co. Rt, Guard-House. Magazine. Quarm'r Store. 1 2 3 C. D. E. F. G. H. A B C 1st 4th 6th I. J. K. L. M.N. D E F 3d 2d 5th 0. P. Q. R. S. T. G H I j8th 9th 10th 1 2 3 Sergeant W. V., Co. A, 1st Artillery. Corporal W. X., Co. B, 1st Infantry. Corporal Y. Z., Co. C, 3d Infantry. Serg't Guard. Corp'l " << << LIST OF PRISONERS. No. Names. a OS P< a o "3 a> s '33 Confined. Charges. Sentences. Remarks When. By whom. 1 2 3 4 5 A. B. C, Lieut. — Regt.-----, Commanding the Guard. 54 REVISED REGULATIONS Duties of Sentinels. 416. No sentinel shall quit his post or hold conversation not necessary to the proper discharge of his duty. 417. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe respect toward sentinels. 418. In case of disorder, a sentinel must call out the guard; and if a fire take place, he must cvj—"Flre!" adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great, he must discharge his firelock before calling out. 419. It is the duty of a sentinel to repeat all calls made from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than his own, and no sen- tinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 420. Sentinels will present arms to general and field officers, to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of the post. To all other officers they will carry arms. 421. When a sentinel in his sentry-box sees an officer approaching, he will stand at attention, and as the officer passes will salute him, by bringing the left hand briskly to the musket, as high as the right shoulder. 422. The sentinel at any post of the guard, when he sees any body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliment, approach, must call—" Turn out the guard!" and announce who approaches. 423. Guards do not turn out as a matter of compliment after sunset; but sentinels will, when officers in uniform approach, pay them proper attention, by facing to the proper front, and standing steady at shouldered arms. This will be observed until the evening is so far advanced that the sentinels begin challenging. 424. After retreat (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer), until broad daylight, a sentinel challenges every person who approaches him, taking, at the same time, the position of arms port. He will suffer no person to come nearer than within reach of his bayonet, until the person has given the countersign. 425. A sentinel, in challenging, will call out—" Who comes there?" If answered—"Friend, with the countersign," and he be instructed to pass persons with the countersign, he will reply—" Advance, friend, with the countersign I" If answered—" Friends !" he will reply—" Halt, friends ! Advance one with the countersign !" If answered—" Relief," "Patrol," or " Grand rounds," he will reply—"Halt! Advance, Ser- geant (or Corporal), with the countersign!" and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if FOR THE ARMY. 65 Duties of Sentinels. the persons have not the countersign, he will cause them to stand, and call—" Corporal of the guard !" 426. In the daytime, when the sentinel before the guard sees the officer of the day approach, he will call—" Turn out the guard ! officer of the day." The guard will be paraded, and salute with presented arms. 427. When any person approaches a post of the guard at night, the sentinel before the post, after challenging, causes him to halt until examined by a non-commissioned officer of the guard. If it be the officer of the day, or any other officer entitled to inspect the guard and tc make the rounds, the non-commissioned officer will call—" Turn out the guard!" when the guard will be paraded at shouldered arms, and the officer of the guard, if he thinks necessary, may demand the countersign and parole. 428. The officer of the day, wishing to make the rounds, will take an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Sergeant will answer—" Grand rounds !" and the sentinel will reply—" Halt, grand rounds ! Advance, Sergeant, with the countersign !" Upon which the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry—" Advance, rounds !" and stand at a shoulder till they have passed. 429. When the sentinel before the guard challenges, and is answered —"Grand rounds," he will reply—"Halt, grand rounds! Turn out the guard; grand rounds!" Upon which the guard will be drawn up at shouldered arms. The officer commanding the guard will then order a Sergeant and two men to advance; when within ten paces, the Sergeant challenges. The Sergeant of the grand rounds answers—" Grand rounds!" The Sergeant of the guard replies—"Advance, Sergeant, with the countersign!" The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone, gives the countersign, and returns to his round. The Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer—" The countersign is right!" on which the officer of the guard calls—"Advance, rounds!" The officer of the rounds then advances alone, the guard standing at shouldered arms. The officer of the rounds passes along the front of the guard to the officer, who kesps his post on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and, taking a new one, proceeds in the same manner to other guards. 430. All material instructions given to a sentinel on post by persons entitled to make grand rounds, ought to be promptly notified to the com- mander of the guard. 431. Any General officer, or'the commander of a post or garrison, may visit the guards of his command, and go the grand rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the day. 5 66 REVISED REGULATIONS Orders and Correspondence. ARTICLE XXXIV. ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE. 432. The orders of commanders of armies, divisions, brigades, regi- ments, are denominated orders of such army, division, &c, and are either general or special. Orders are numbered, general and special, in separate series, each beginning with the year. 433. General orders announce the time and place of issues and pay- ments ; hours for roll-calls and duties; the number and kind of orderlies, and the time when they shall be relieved; police regulations, and the prohibitions required by circumstances and localities; returns to be made, and their forms; laws and regulations for the army; promotions and appointments; eulogies or censures to corps or individuals, and gene- rally, whatever it may be important to make known to the whole com- mand. 434. Special orders are such as do not concern the troops generally, and need not be published to the whole command; such as relate to the march of some particular corps, the establishment of some post, the detaching of individuals, the granting requests, &c, &c. 435. A general order, and an important special order, must be read and approved by the officer whose order it is, before it is issued by the staff officer. 436. An order will state at the head the source, place, and date, and at the foot, the name of the commander who gives it; as for example: Head-Quarters of the First Brigade, Second Division. Camp at-------, 1st June, 1860. General Orders, j No.---. J By command of Brigadier-General A. B. C. D., Assistant Adjutant-General. 437. Orders may be put in the form of letters, but generally in the strict military form, through the office of the Adjutant or Adjutant- General of the command. 438. Orders are transmitted through all the intermediate commanders in the order of rank. When an intermediate commander is omitted the officer who gives the order shall inform him, and he who receives it shall report it to his immediate superior. 439. Orders for any body of troops will be addressed to the commander. and will be opened and executed by the commander present, and published FOR THE ARMY. 67 Orders and Correspondence. or distributed by him when necessary ; printed orders, however, are gene- rally distributed direct to posts from the head-quarters where issued. 440. Orders assigning the stations of officers of engineers, ordnance and of the staff departments, except as provided in the regulations for troops in the campaign, will be given by the Secretary of War, through the Adjutant-General's office, or by commanders of geographical depart- ments, under the special authority of the War Department. The com- mander of a department, who, in consequence of the movement of troops or other necessity of the service, removes an officer from the station assigned to him by the Secretary of War, shall promptly report the case to the Adjutant-General. 441. A file of the printed orders will be kept with the head-quarters of each regiment, with each company, and at each military post, and will be regularly turned over by the commander, when relieved, to his successor. 442. If general orders are not received in regular succession, com- manding officers will report the missing numbers to the proper head- quarters. 443. The orderly hours being fixed at each head-quarters, the staff officers and chiefs of the special services either attend in person, or send their assistants to obtain the orders of the day; and the first sergeants of companies repair for that purpose to the regimental or garrison head- quarters. 444. During marches and active operations, and when the regular orderly hours cannot be observed, all orders will be either sent direct to the troops, or the respective commanders of regiments or corps will be informed when to send to head-quarters for them. Under the same cir- cumstances, orders will be read to the troops during a halt, without wait- ing for the regular parades. 445. Orders to any officer to make a tour of travel on duty, as for the inspection or payment of troops, &c, shall designate the troops and posts he shall visit, and the order in which he shall visit them, and the route of travel. 446. Every commander who gives an order involving an expenditure of public money, shall send a copy, without delay, to the bureau of the War Department to which the expenditure appertains, and if such com- mander be serving in a military department, he shall send a copy of the order to the head-quarters of the Department. 447. If a military commander shall give to a disbursing officer any order in conflict with orders received by him from the officer in charge of his department, at any superior head-quarters, such commander shall forthwith transmit the order to such head-quarters, with explanation of the necessity which justifies it. 68 REVISED REGULATIONS Orders and Correspondence. 448. Copies of all orders of the commanders of armies, departments, divisions, and detached brigades, and of the Superintendent of the re- cruiting service, will be forwarded at their dates, or as soon thereafter as practicable, in separate series, on full sheets of letter paper, or as printed, to the Adjutant-General's office. 449. Written communications from a commander to those under his command may be made by his staff officer. In all other cases by the officer himself. 450. In signing an official communication, the writer shall annex to his name his rank and corps. When he writes by order, he shall state by whose order. 451. All official correspondence between the heads of the different departments of the staff of any command, and its commander, must pass through the Adjutant-General, Assistant Adjutant-General, or Adju- tant of the command, as the case may be. Communications to or from a commander, and those under his command, must pass through the Adjutant-General, Assistant Adjutant-General, or Adjutant on duty with it; excepting only such communications between a disbursing officer and the chief of his particular branch of the staff, as relate exclusively to the ordinary routine of business in their own department. All communica- tions, whether from an inferior to a superior, or vice versa, are, as a gene- ral rule, to be passed through the intermediate commanders. The same rule governs in verbal applications : for example, a Lieutenant seeking an indulgence must apply through his Captain, the Captain through the Adjutant, and so on. 452. Copies of all important communications from the bureaus of the War Department to disbursing officers, relating to the service in a mili- tary department, shall be sent from the bureau to the department com- mander. 453. Kolls and returns will be accompanied by a letter of transmittal, enumerating them, and referring to no other subject. 454. Generally, officers who forward communications indorse on them their remarks or opinion, without other letters of transmittal. 455. Official letters should generally refer to one matter only. In re- gard to an enlisted man, the company and regiment must be stated. 456. Letters on letter paper will be folded in three folds, parallel with the writing. 457. All communications on public service are to be marked on the cover, " Official Business." FOR THE ARMY. 69 Returns and Reports.---Annual Returns. ARTICLE XXXV. RETURNS AND REPORTS. MONTHLY RETURNS. 458. Commanders of regiments, corps, and posts, will make to the Adjutant-General's office of the War Department monthly returns of their respective regiments,-corps, and posts, on the forms furnished from that office, and according to the directions expressed on them. In like manner, Captains make monthly company returns to regimental head- quarters. All monthly returns will be forwarded on the 1st day of the next month, except regimental returns, which are forwarded as soon as all the company returns are received. 459. In campaign, monthly returns of divisions and detached brigades, and, generally, of all detached commands (see General Orders No. 1, of February 10,1855), will be made to the Adjutant-General's office. They will exhibit separately the several regiments, and detachments, and staff corps, and the strength of each garrison within the command. These returns, and those of regiments, corps, and posts, in campaign, will, unless otherwise ordered, be transmitted through the intermediate commanders. 460. The established printed forms and blanks of all returns required from the commanders of divisions, brigades, regiments, corps, companies, and posts, will be furnished from the Adjutant-General's office, on their requisitions annually made, or oftener, if necessary. The receipt of these forms and blanks will be immediately acknowledged, and afterward ac- counted for on the next monthly returns. 461. Manuscript returns, rolls, certificates, and other documents, are prohibited, unless the proper printed forms have not been received in time. Regimental returns must be made out in the name of the Colonel, whether he be present or absent. ANNUAL RETURNS—CASUALTIES. 462. This return will exhibit the various changes and alterations which may have taken place in the regiment during the preceding twelve months: that is to say—a statement of the number of resignations, transfers, deaths, &c, of commissioned officers; the number of men joined by enlistment, transferred, and discharged; the number tried by Courts-Martial or by the civil law, and the nature of their offenses; the number of discharges, deaths, dismissals, and desertions; number joined from desertion, pardoned, &c.; &c. 70 REVISED REGULATIONS Return of Deceased Soldiers.---Reports. RETURN OF DECEASED SOLDIERS. 463. To be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, by the Colonels of regiments, quarterly. Also a duplicate to the Second Auditor of the Treasury. FIELD RETURNS. 464. Besides the stated returns of the troops, such other field returns and reports will be made as may be necessary to keep the government informed of the condition and strength of the forces. 465. After any action or affair, a return of the killed, wounded, and missing will be made, in which the name, rank, and regiment of each officer and soldier will be specified, with such remarks and explanations as may be requisite for the records of the Department of War, or be necessary to establish the just claims of any individual who may have been wounded, or of the heirs and representatives of any killed in action (taking care to specify the nature of the wound, the time and place of its occurrence, the company, regiment, or corps, and the name of the Captain, Colonel, or other commanding officer). REPORTS. 466. The date of appointment, of detail, and of removal of all staff officers, or of officers selected for duty in staff departments, which may entitle them to receive additional pay, will be immediately reported by the officer making such appointment, detail, or removal, to the Adjutant- General, and to the Paymaster of the department or command to which such officers belong. 467. Whenever any change takes place in the position or location of troops, the fact will be immediately reported by the commanding officer to general, division, and department head-quarters, specifying the date of departure of the whole or any part of the troops, or of the arrival of any detachment; as well as all other circumstances connected with such changes in the command. These special reports will always be accom- panied by an exact return of the troops according to the established printed forms. A similar report will be noted on the next monthly return of the post or station. If a new post or position be established, its situation, and the nearest post-office and proper route to it, should be reported. 468. Officers on detached duty will report, monthly, to the com- manders of their posts, of their regiments or corps, and to the Adjutant- General, their stations, the nature of their duties, and the authority placing them thereon—likewise each change of address. FOR THE ARMY. 71 Prisoners.---Troops in Campaign. PRISONERS OF WAR—CAPTURED PROPERTY. 469. A return of prisoners, and a report of the number and descrip- tion of the killed and wounded of the enemy, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General's office, Washington. 470. A return of all property captured will be made by the command- ing officer of the troops by whom such capture was made, to the Adjutant- General, at Washington, in order that it may be disposed of according to the orders of the War Department. INSPECTION REPORTS. 471. Inspection reports will show the discipline of the troops; their instruction in all military exercises and duties: the state of their arms, clothing, equipments, and accoutrements of all kinds; of their kitchens and messes; of the barracks and quarters at the post; of the guard- house, prisons, hospital, bake-house, magazines, store-houses, and stores of every description; of the stables and horses; the condition of the post school; the management and application of the post and company funds; the state of the post, and regimental, and company books, papers, and files; the zeal and ability of the officers in command of troops; the capacity of the officers conducting the administrative and staff services, the fidelity and economy of their disbursements; the condition of all public property, and the amount of money in the hands of each disburs- ing officer; the regularity of issues and payments; the mode of enforcing discipline by courts-martial, and by the authority of the officers; the propriety and legality of all punishments inflicted; and any information whatsoever concerning the service, in any matter or particular that may merit notice, or aid to correct defects or introduce improvements. 472. Inspectors are required particularly to report if any officer is of intemperate habits, or unfit for active service by infirmity or any other cause. ARTICLE XXXVI. TROOPS IN CAMPAIGN. ORGANIZATION OF AN ARMY IN THE FIELD. 473. The formation by divisions is the basis of the organization and administration of armies in the field. 474. A division consists usually of two or three brigades, either of in- fantry or cavalry, and troops of other corps in the necessary proportion. 475. A brigade is formed of two or more regiments. The first number takes the right. 72 REVISED REGULATIONS Organization of an Army in the Field. 476. Mixed brigades are sometimes formed of infantry and light cav- alry, especially for the advanced guards. 477. As the troops arrive at the rendezvous, the general commanding- in-chief will organize them into brigades and divisions. 478. The light cavalry is employed as flankers and partisans, and gene- rally for all service out of the line. 479. Heavy cavalry belongs to the reserve, and is covered, when neces- sary, in marches, camps, or bivouacs, by light troops, or infantry of the line. 480. The arrangement of the troops on parade and in order of battle is—1st, the light infantry; 2d, infantry of the line; 3d, light cavalry; 4th, cavalry of the line; 5th, heavy cavalry. The troops of the artillery and engineers are in the centre of the brigades, divisions, or corps to which they are attached; marines take the left of other infantry; volun- teers and militia take the left of regular troops of the same arm, and among themselves, regiments of volunteers or militia of the same arm take place by lot. This arrangement is varied by the general command- ing-in-chief, as the circumstances of war render expedient. 481. Brigades in divisions, and divisions in the army, are numbered from right to left; but in reports of military operations, brigades and divisions are designated by the name of the general commanding them. 482. The order of regiments in brigades and of brigades in divisions may be changed by the commander of the division for important reasons, such as the weakness of some corps, or to relieve one from marching too long at the rear of the column. Such changes must be reported to the general commanding-in-chief. 483. The general commanding-in-chief assigns the generals of divi- sions and of brigades to their respective commands, when the assignment is not made by the Department of War. 484. The general of brigade inspects his troops in detail, by companies, when he takes the command and at the opening of the campaign, and as often as may be necessary to ascertain exactly their condition. The general of division makes similar inspections when he thinks proper. At these inspections the generals examine the arms, clothing, equipments, harness, horses, &c, direct the necessary repairs, and designate the men and horses to remain in dep6t, or march with the train. 485. Reports of inspections are made by the general of brigade to the general of division, and by the general of division to the general com- manding-in-chief. 486. During marches and all active operations, generals of brigade keep themselves exactly informed, by reports of corps and by their in- spections, of the actual strength of the regiments, so as always and FOR THE ARMY. 73 __________ Contributions.---Orderlies. especially after an engagement, to make accurate returns to the genera] of division. 487. Staff officers, and officers of engineers, ordnance, and artillery, ac- cording to the nature of the service, are assigned to the head-quarters of armies and divisions, and detached brigades, by order of the general com- manding-in-chief, when the distribution of these officers has not been regulated by the War Department. The necessary staff will be assigned to commanders of brigades. 488. When an Engineer or other officer is charged with directing an expedition or making a reconnoissance, without having command of the escort, the commander of the escort shall consult him on all the arrange- ments necessary to secure the success of the operation. 489. Staff officers, and commanders of engineers, ordnance, and artil- lery, report to their immediate commanders the state of the supplies and whatever concerns the service under their direction, and receive their orders, and communicate to them those they receive from their superiors in their own corps. 490. The senior officer of engineers, of ordnance, and the departments of the general staff serving at the chief head-quarters in the field, will transmit to the bureau of his department at Washington, at the close of the campaign, and such other times as the commander in the field may approve, a full report of the operations of his department, and whatever information to improve its service he may be able to furnish. The report of the officer of engineers will embrace plans of military works executed during the campaign, and, in case of siege, a journal of the attack or defense. CONTRIBUTIONS. 491. When the wants of the army absolutely require it, and in other cases, under special instructions from the War Department, the general commanding the army may levy contributions in money or kind on the enemy's country occupied by the troops. No other commander can levy such contributions without written authority from the general command- ;ng-in-chief. ORDERLIES. 492. At the opening of a campaign, the commander of an army de- termines and announces in orders the number of orderlies, mounted or foot, for the Generals, and the corps or regiments by which they are to be supplied, and the periods at which they shall be relieved. 493. In marches, the mounted orderlies follow the Generals, and per- form the duty of escorts, or march with orderlies on foot at the head of the division or brigade. 74 REVISED REGULATIONS Depots and Camps. 494. The staff officer who distributes the orderlies to their posts sends with them a note of the time and place of departure; those relieved re- ceive a like note from the staff officer at the head-quarters. 495. Mounted soldiers are to be employed to carry dispatches only in special and urgent cases. (See par. 557.) 496. The precise time when the dispatch is sent off, and the rate at which it is to be conveyed, are to be written clearly on the covers of all letters transmitted by a mounted orderly, and the necessary instructions to him, and the rate of travel going and returning, are to be distinctly explained to him. DEPOTS. 497. The grand depots of an army are established where the military operations would not expose them to be broken up. Smaller depots are organized for the divisions and the several arms. They are commanded by officers temporarily disabled for field service, or by other officers when necessary, and comprise, as much as possible, the hospitals and depots for convalescents. When conveniently placed, they serve as points for the halting and assembling of detachments. They receive the disabled from the corps on the march; and the officers in command of the dep6ts send with the detachments to the army those at the depots who have be- come fit for service. CAMPS. 498. A camp is the place where troops are established in tents, in huts, or in bivouac. Cantonments are the inhabited places which troops occupy for shelter when not put in barracks. The camping-party is a detachment detailed to prepare a camp. 499. Reconnoissances should precede the establishment of the camp. For a camp of troops on the march, it is only necessary to look to the health and comfort of the troops, the facility of the communications, the convenience of wood and water, and the resources in provisions and forage. The ground for an intrenched camp, or a camp to cover a coun- try, or one designed to deceive the enemy as to the strength of the army, must be selected, and the camp arranged for the object in view. 500. The camping-party of a regiment consists of the regimental Quartermaster and Quartermaster-Sergeant, and a Corporal and two men per company. The General decides whether the regiments camp separately or together, and whether the police guard shall accompany the camping party, or a larger escort shall be sent. 501. Neither baggage nor led horses are permitted to move with the camping-party. 502. When the General can send in advance to prepare the camp, he FOR THE ARMY. 75 Camps, gives his instructions to the chief of the Quartermaster's Department, who calls on the regiments for their camping-parties, and is accompanied, if necessary, by an Engineer to propose the defenses and communications. 503. The watering-places are examined, and signals placed at those that are dangerous. Any work required to make them of easier ac^.'s is done by the police guard or Quartermaster's men. Sentinels, to be re- lieved by the guards of the regiment when they come up, are placed by the camping-party over the water if it is scarce, and over the houses and stores of provisions and forage in the vicinity. 504. If the camping-party does not precede the regiment, the Quarter- master attends to these things as soon as the regiment reaches the camp. 505. On reaching the ground, the infantry form on the color front; the cavalry in rear of its camp. 506. The Generals establish the troops in camp as rapidly as possible, particularly after long, fatiguing marches. 507. The number of men to be furnished for guards, pickets, and orderlies; the fatigue parties to be sent for supplies; the work to be done, and the strength of the working parties; the time and place for issues; the hour of marching, &c, are then announced by the Brigadier- Generals to the Colonels, and by them to the field officers—the Adju- tant and Captains formed in front of the regiment, the First Sergeants taking post behind their Captains. The Adjutant then makes the details, and the First Sergeants warn the men. The regimental officer of the day forms the picket, and sends the guards to their posts. The colors are then planted at the centre of the color line, and the arms are stacked on the line; the fatigue parties to procure supplies, and the working parties, form in rear of the arms; the men not on detail pitch the tents. 508. If the camp is near the enemy, the picket remains under arms until the return of the fatigue parties, and, if necessary, is re-enforced by details from each company. 509. In the cavalry, each troop moves a little in rear of the point at which its horses are to be secured, and forms in one rank; the men then dismount; a detail is made to hold the horses; the rest stack their arms and fix the picket rope; after the horses are attended to, the tents are pitched, and each horseman places his carbine at the side from the weather, and hangs his sabre and bridle on it. 510. The standard is then carried to the tent of the Colonel. 511. The terms front, flank, right, left, file, and rank, have the same meaning when applied to camps as to the order of battle. 512. The front of the camp is usually equal to the front of the troops. 76 REVISED REGULATIONS Camp of Infantry. The tents are arranged in ranks and files. The number of ranks varies with the strength of the companies and the size of the tents. 513. No officer will be allowed to occupy a house, although vacant and on the ground of his camp, except by permission of the commander of the brigade, who shall report it to the commander of the division. 514. The staff officer charged with establishing the camp will designate the place for the shambles. The offal will be buried. CAMP OF INFANTRY. 515. Each company has its tents in two files, facing on a street per- pendicular to the color line. The width of the street depends on the front of the camp, but should not be less than 5 paces. The interval between the ranks of tents is 2 paces; between the files of tents of adjacent companies, 2 paces; between regiments, 22 paces. 516. The color line is 10 paces in front of the front rank of tents. The kitchens are 20 paces behind the rear rank of company tents; the non-commissioned staff and sutler, 20 paces in rear of the kitchens; the company officers, 20 paces farther in rear; and the field and staff, 20 paces in rear of the company officers. 517. The company officers are in rear of their respective compa- nies ; the Captains on the right. 518. The Colonel and Lieutenant-Colonel are near the centre of the line of field and staff; the Adjutant, a Major and Surgeon, on the right; the Quartermaster, a Major and Assistant Surgeon, on the left. 519. The police guard is at the centre of the line of the non-com- missioned staff, the tents facing to the front, the stacks of arms on the left. 520. The advanced post of the police guard is about 200 paces in front of the color line, and opposite the centre of the regiment, or on the best ground; the prisoners' tent about 4 paces in rear. In a regiment of the second line, the advanced post of the police guard is 200 paces in rear of the line of its field and staff. 521. The horses of the staff officers and of the baggage train are 25 paces in rear of the tents of the field and staff; the wagons are parked on the same line, and the men of the train camped near them. 522. The sinks of the men are 150 paces in front of the color line— those of the officers 100 paces in rear of the train. Both are concealed by bushes. When convenient, the sinks of the men may be placed in rear or on a flank. A portion of the earth dug out for sinks to be thrown back occasionally. 523. The front of the camp of a regiment of 1000 men in two ranks will be 400 paces, or one-fifth less paces than the number of files, if the u -^n TST •svovd oof «;ws fixnffb no" * 6 "uwjj; wvDDvg n n ■/r-a □ nee c c n ci n re re en en •SMOiffo fiuvdwoQ k & ii •jf 'Bxns -PV n n oo no n n onxx ■so-u 'Wing •pj.vno rj}pj B □ E CJ H ■ •suwpryg; on nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn oo no no on nn nn on on no nn nn nn i □ on on DO nn nn no nn nn nn nnM nn nn •swuy/o sipvjs ~-3-3- •nuiiMioo E=3 fc=3 C=4 •pxvnQ px>uva.gyt 'JJtolS-'vu)0-w>J!l—'*OJU •j&IVDJI W-trmo—7f '0 •}ur>%nCpy—"iCpy •uod6j,ns 'psy—-ems -py •uotBMig—-Cutis •MCojf—*/f •puojpo •pwyi—"lO ')J ■ai^u'bjui jo ^uoraiSe'g v jo dtcrBg 'I a^id A.G. Camp of a Eegiment of Pive Squadrons of Cavalry. is Cl.—Colonel. Lt. Cl.—Lieut. Colonel. M.—Major. Surg. —Surgeon. Ast. Surg.—Asst. Surgeon. Adjt.—Adjutant. Q. M.—Quartermaster. C.—Captain. L.—Lieutenant. A. G.—Advanced Guard. P. G.—Police Guard. m. s.—Men's Sinks. o. s.—Officers' sinks. k.—Kitchens. f.—Forage. n-c-s.—Non- Com-Staff. P.—Prisoners. FOR THE ARMY. 79 Camp 'of Cavalry. camp is to have the same front as the troops in order of battle. But the front may be reduced to 190 paces by narrowing the company streets to 5 paces; and if it be desirable to reduce the front still more, the tents of companies may be pitched in single file—those of a division facing on the same street. CAMP OF CAVALRY. 524. In the cavalry, each company has one file of tents—the tents opening on the street facing the left of the camp. 525. The horses of each company are placed in a single file, facing the opening of the tents, and are fastened to pickets planted firmly in the ground, from 3 to 6 paces from the tents of the troops. 526. The interval between the file of tents should be such that, the regiment being broken into column of companies [as indicated in plate], each company should be on the extension of the line on which the horses are to be picketed. 527. The streets separating the squadrons are wider than those between the companies by the interval separating squadrons in line; these intervals are kept free from any obstruction throughout the camp. 528. The horses of the rear rank are placed on the left of those of their file-leaders. 529. The horses of the Lieutenants are placed on the right of their platoons; those of the Captains on the right of the company. 530. Each horse occupies a space of about 2 paces. The number of horses in the company fixes the depth of the camp, and the distance between the files of tents; the forage is placed between the tents. 531. The kitchens are 20 paces in front of each file of tents. 532. The non-commissioned officers are in the tents of the front rank. Camp-followers, teamsters, &c, are in the rear rank. The police guard in the rear rank, near the centre of the regiment. 533. The tents of the Lieutenants are 30 paces in rear of the file of their company; the tents of the Captains 30 paces in rear of the Lieu- tenants. 534. The Colonel's tent 30 paces in rear of the Captains', near the centre of the regiment; the Lieutenant-Colonel on his right; the Adju- tant on his left; the Majors on the same line, opposite the 2d company on the right and left; the Surgeon on the left of the Adjutant. 535. The field and staff have their horses on the left of their tents, on the same line with the company horses; sick horses are placed in one line on the right or left of the camp. The men who attend them have a separate file of tents; the forges and wagons in rear of this file. The horses of the train and of camp-followers are in one or more files extending 80 REVISED REGULATIONS Camp of Artillery.---Bivouacs. to the rear, behind the right or left squadron. The advanced post of the police guard is 200 paces in front, opposite the centre of the regiment; the horses in one or two files. 536. The sinks for the men are 150 paces in front—those for officers 100 paces in rear of the camp. CAMP OF ARTILLERY. 537. The artillery is encamped near the troops to which it is attached, so as to be protected from attack, and to contribute to the defense of the camp. Sentinels for the park are furnished by the artillery, and, when necessary, by the other troops. 538. For a battery of 6 pieces the tents are in three files—one for each section; distance between the ranks of tents 15 paces; tents opening to the front. The horses of each section are picketed in one file, 10 paces to the left of the file of tents. In the horse artillery, or if the number of horses makes it necessary, the horses are in two files on the right and left of the file of tents. The kitchens are 25 paces in front of the front rank of tents. The tents of the officers are in the outside files of company tents, 25 paces in rear of the rear rank—the Captain on the right, the Lieutenants on the left. 539. The park is opposite the centre of the camp, 40 paces in rear of the officers' tents. The carriages in files 4 paces apart; distance between ranks of carriages sufficient for the horses when harnessed to them; the park guard is 25 paces in rear of the park. The sinks for the men 150 paces in front; for the officers 100 paces in rear. The harness is in the tents of the men. BIVOUACS. 540. A regiment of cavalry being in order of battle, in rear of the ground to be occupied, the Colonel breaks it by platoons to the right. The horses of each platoon are placed in a single row, and fastened as prescribed for camps; near the enemy, they remain saddled all night, with slackened girths. The arms are at first stacked in rear of each row of horses; the sabres, with the bridles hung on them, are placed against the stacks. 541. The forage is placed on the right of each row of horses. Two stable-guards for each platoon watch the horses. 542. A fire for each platoon is made near the color line, 20 paces to the left of the row of horses. A shelter is made for the men around the fire, if possible, and each man then stands his arms and bridle against the shelter. FOR THE ARMY. 81 Cantonments. 543. The fires and shelter for the officers are placed in rear of the lint of those for the men. 544. The interval between the squadrons must be without obstruction throughout the whole depth of the bivouac. 545. The interval between the shelters should be such that the platoonu can take up a line of battle freely to the front or rear. 546. The distance from the enemy decides the manner in which the horses are to be fed and led to water. When it is permitted to unsaddle, the saddles are placed in the rear of the horses. 547. In infantry, the fires are made in rear of the color line, on the ground that would be occupied by the tents in camp. The companies are placed around them, and, if possible, construct shelters. When liable to surprise, the infantry should stand to arms at daybreak, and the cavalry mount until the return of the reconnoitring parties. If the arms are to be taken apart to clean, it must be done by detachments, successively. CANTONMENTS. 548. The cavalry should be placed under shelter whenever the distance from the enemy, and from the ground where the troops are to form for battle, permit it. Taverns and farm-houses, with large stables and free access, are selected for quartering them. 549. The Colonel indicates the place of assembling in case of alarm. It should generally be outside the cantonment; the egress from it should be free; the retreat upon the other positions secure, and roads leading to it on the side of the enemy obstructed. 550. The necessary orders being given, as in establishing a camp, the picket and grand guards are posted. A sentinel may be placed on a steeple or high house, and then the troops are marched to the quarters. The men sleep in the stables, if it is thought necessary. 551. The above applies in the main to infantry. Near the enemy, companies or platoons should be collected, as much as possible, in the same houses. If companies must be separated, they should be divided by platoons or squads. All take arms at daybreak. 552. When cavalry and infantry canton together, the latter furnish the guards by night, and the former by day. 553. Troops cantoned in presence of the enemy should be covered by advanced guards and by natural or artificial obstacles. Cantonments taken during a cessation of hostilities should be established in rear of a line of defense, and in front of the point on which the troops would concentrate to receive an attack. The General commanding-in-chief assigns the limits of their cantonments to the divisions, the commanders of divisions to 6 82 REVISED REGULATIONS Military Exercises.—Watchwords. brigades, and the commanders of brigades post their regiments. The position for each corps in case of attack is carefully pointed out by the Generals. HEAD-QUARTERS. 554. Generals take post at the centre of their commands, on the main channels of communication. If troops bivouac in presence of the enemy, the Generals bivouac with them. MILITARY EXERCISES. 555. When troops remain in camp or cantonment many days, the Colonels require them to be exercised in the school of the battalion and squadron. Regiments and brigades encamped by division are not united for drills without the permission of the General of division. The troops must not be exercised at the firings without the authority of the General commanding-in-chief. The practice of the drums must never begin with the "general," or the "march of the regiment;" nor the trumpets with the sound " to horse." The hour for practice is always announced. ORDERS. 556. In the field, verbal orders and important sealed orders are carried by officers, and, if possible, by staff officers. When orders are carried by orderlies, the place and time of departure will be marked on them, and place and time of delivery on the receipt. DISPATCHES. 557. Dispatches, particularly for distant corps, should be intrusted only to officers to whom their contents can be confided. In a country occupied by the enemy, the bearer of dispatches should be accompanied by at least two of the best mounted men; should avoid towns and villages, and the main roads; rest as little as possible, and only at out-of- the-way places. Where there is danger, he should send one of the men in advance, and be always ready to destroy his dispatches. He should be adroit in answering questions about the army, and not to be intimidated by threats. WATCHWORDS. 558. The parole and countersign are issued daily from the principal head-quarters of the command. The countersign is given to the sentinels and non-commissioned officers of guards; the parole to the commissioned officers of guards. The parole is usually the name of a general, the countersign that of a battle. FOR THE ARMY. 83 Issues.---Roster. 559. When the parole and countersign cannot be communicated daily to a post or detachment which ought to use the same as the main body, a series of words may be sent for some days in advance. 560. If the countersign is lost, or one of the guard deserts with it, the commander on the spot will substitute another, and report the case at once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may be given to head-quarters. ISSUES. 561. At what time and for what period issues are made, must depend on circumstances, and be regulated in orders. When an army is not moving, rations are generally issued for four days at a time. Issues to the companies of a regiment, and the fatigues to receive them, are superin- tended by an officer detailed from the regiment. Issues are made from one end of the line to the other, beginning on the right and left, alter- nately. An issue commenced to one regiment will not be interrupted for another entitled to precedence if it had been in place. THE ROSTER, OR DETAILS FOR SERVICE. 562. The duties performed by detail are of three classes. The first class comprises, 1st. grand guards and outposts; 2d. interior guards, as of magazine, hospital, &c.; 3d. orderlies; 4th. police guards. The second class comprises, 1st. detachments to protect laborers on military works, as field works, communications, &c.; 2d. working parties on such works; 3d. detachments to protect fatigues. The third class are all fatigues, without arms, in or out of camp. In the cavalry, stable-guards form a separate roster, and count before fatigue. 563. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. The details are taken in succession in the order of the roster, beginning at the head. 564. Lieutenants form one roster, and first and second Lieutenants are entered on it alternately. The senior first Lieutenant is the first on the roster; the senior second Lieutenant is the second, &c. The Captains form one roster, and are exempt from fatigues, except to superintend issues. A Captain commanding a battalion temporarily is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors are on one roster. They may be detailed for duties of the first and second classes, when the importance of the guards and detachments requires it. Their roster is kept at division and brigade head-quarters. In the com- pany, sergeants, corporals, and privates form distinct rosters. 565. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz., the first, for the detail, takes the grand 84 REVISED REGULATIONS Roster.---Police Guard. guards; the next, the interior guards; the last, the police guard; and the same rule in regard to the details and duties of the second class. In the details for the third class, the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp. 566. When the officer whose tour it is, is not able to take it, or is not present at the hour of marching, the next after him takes it. When a guard has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was cannot then take it. He takes the tour of the officer who has taken his. When an officer is prevented by sickness from taking his tour, it passes. These rules apply equally to non-commissioned officers and soldiers. 567. Duties of the first and second classes are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post; fatigue duties when the parties have passed the chain or begun the duties in camp. 568. Every officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, on duty of the first class, or who is of the next detail for such duty, takes, when relieved, the duty of the second or third class that has fallen to him during that time, unless he has marched for detachment of more than twenty-four hours. 569. Soldiers march with knapsacks on all duties of the first class; and with arms and equipments complete on all working parties out of the camp, unless otherwise ordered. In the cavalry, horses are packed for all mounted service. 570. In the cavalry, dismounted men, and those whose horses are not in order, are preferred for the detail for dismounted service. Those who are mounted are never employed on those services, if the number of the other class are sufficient. 571. Every non-commissioned officer and soldier in the cavalry detailed for dismounted service must, before he marches, take to the First Sergeant of the troop, or Sergeant of his squad, his horse equipments and his valise ready packed. In case of alarm, the First Sergeant sees that the horses of these men are equipped and led to the rendezvous. 572. These rules in regard to the roster apply also to service in garrison. POLICE GUARD. 573. In each regiment a police guard is detailed every day, consisting of two sergeants, three corporals, two drummers, and men enough to furnish the required sentinels and patrols. The men are taken from all the companies, from each in proportion to its strength. The guard is commanded by a Lieutenant, under the supervision of a Captain, as regimental officer of the day. It furnishes ten sentinels at the camp: FOR THE ARMY. 85 _____________ Police Guard. one over the arms of the guard; one at the Colonel's tent; three on the color front, one of them over the colors; three, fifty paces in rear of the field officers' tents; and one on each flank, between it and the next regi- ment. If it is a flank regiment, one more sentinel is posted on the outer flank. 574. An advanced post is detached from the police guard, composed of a sergeant, a corporal, a drummer, and nine men to furnish sentinels and the guard over the prisoners. The men are the first of the guard roster from each company. The men of the advanced post must not leave it under any pretext. Their meals are sent to the post. The advanced post furnishes three sentinels; two a few paces in front of the post, opposite the right and left wing of the regiment, posted so as to see as far as possible to the front, and one over the arms. 575. In the cavalry, dismounted men are employed in preference on the police guard. The mounted men on guard are sent in succession, a part at a time, to groom their horses. The advanced post is always formed of mounted men. 576. In each company, a corporal has charge of the stable-guard. His tour begins at retreat, and ends at morning stable-call. The stable-guard is large enough to relieve the men on post every two hours. They sleep in their tents, and are called by the corporal when wanted. At retreat be closes the streets of the camp with cords, or uses other precautions to prevent the escape of loose horses. 577. The officer of the day is charged with the order and cleanliness of the camp : a fatigue is furnished to him when the number of prisoners is insufficient to clean the camp. He has the calls beaten by the drummer of the guard. 578. The police guard and the advanced post pay the same honors as other guards. They take arms when an armed body approaches. 579. The sentinel over the colors has orders not to permit them to be moved except in presence of an escort; to let no one touch them but the color-bearer, or the sergeant of the police guard when he is accompanied by two armed men. 580. The sentinels on the color front permit no soldier to take arms from the stacks, except by order of some officer, or a non-commissioned officer of the guard. The sentinel at the Colonel's tent has orders to warn him, day or night, of any unusual movement in or about the camp. 581. The sentinels on the front, flanks, and rear, see that no soldier leaves camp with horse or arms unless conducted by a non-commissioned officer. They prevent non-commissioned officers and soldiers from passing out at night, except to go to the sinks, and mark if they return. The) arrest, at any time, suspicious persons prowling about the camp, and at 86 REVISED REGULATIONS Police Guard. night, every one who attempts to enter, even the soldiers of other corps. Arrested persons are sent to the officer of the guard, who sends them, if necessary, to the officer of the day. 582. The sentinels on the front of the advanced post have orders to permit neither non-commissioned officers nor soldiers to pass the line, without reporting at the advanced post; to warn the advanced post of the approach of any armed body, and to arrest all suspicious persons. The sergeant sends persons so arrested to the officer of the guard, and warns him of the approach of any armed body. 583. The sentinel over the arms at the advanced post guards the pri- soners and keeps sight of them, and suffers no one to converse with them without permission. They are only permitted to go to the sinks one at a time, and under a sentinel. 584. If any one is to be passed out of camp at night, the officer of the guard sends him under escort to the advanced post, and the sergeant of the post has him passed over the chain. 585. At retreat, the officer of the guard has the roll of his guard called, and inspects arms, to see that they are loaded and in order; and visits the advanced post for the same purpose. The sergeant of the police guard, accompanied by two armed soldiers, folds the colors and lays them on the trestle in rear of the arms. He sees that the sutler's stores are then closed, and the men leave them, and that the kitchen fires are put out at the appointed hour. 586. The officer of the day satisfies himself frequently during the night, of the vigilance of the police guard and advanced post. He pre- scribes patrols and rounds to be made by the officer and non-commissioned officers of the guard. The officer of the guard orders them when he thinks necessary. He visits the sentinels frequently. 587. At reveille, the police guard takes arms; the officer of the guard inspects it and the advanced post. The Sergeant replants the colors in place. At retreat and reveille the advanced post takes arms; the Sergeant makes his report to the officer of the guard when he visits the post. 588. When necessary, the camp is covered at night with small out- posts, forming a double chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the police guard, and are visited by his patrols and rounds. 589. The officer of the guard makes his report of his tour of service, including the advanced post, and sends it, after the guard is marched off, to the officer of the day. 590. When the regiment marches, the men of the police guard return to their companies, except those of the advanced post. In the cavalry, at the sound "boot and saddle," the officer of the guard sends one-half the FOR THE ARMY. 87 The Picket. men to saddle and pack; when the regiment assembles, all the mee join it. 591. When the camping-party precedes the regiment, and the ne-w police guard marches with the camping-party, the guard, on reaching the camp, forms in line thirty paces in front of the centre of the ground marked for the regiment. The officer of the guard furnishes the sentinels required by the commander of the camping-party. The advanced post takes its station. 592. The advanced post of the old police guard takes charge of the prisoners on the march, and marches, bayonets fixed, at the centre of the regiment. On reaching camp, it turns over the prisoners to the new advanced post. THE PICKET. 593. The detail for the picket is made daily, after the details for duty of the first class, and from the next for detail on the roster of that class. It is designed to furnish detachments and guards unexpectedly called for in the twenty-four hours; it counts as a tour of the first class to those who have marched on detachment or guard, or who have passed the night in bivouac. 594. The officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of the picket are at all times dressed and equipped; the horses are saddled, and knap- sacks and valises ready to be put on. 595. Detachments and guards from the picket are taken from the head of the picket-roll in each company, and, if possible, equally from each company. The picket of a regiment is composed of a Lieutenant, two Sergeants, four Corporals, a drummer, and about forty privates. For a smaller force, the picket is in proportion to the strength of the detach- ment. 596. Officers and men of the picket who march on detachment or guard before retreat will be replaced. 597. The picket is assembled by the Adjutant at guard-mounting; it is posted twelve paces in rear of the guard, and is inspected by its own com- mander. When the guard has marched in review, the commandant of the picket marches it to the left of the police guard, where it stacks its arms and is dismissed; the arms are under charge of the sentinel of the police guard. 598. The picket is only assembled by the orders of the Colonel or officer of the day. It forms on the left of the police guard. 599. The officer of the day requires the roll of the picket to be called frequently during the day; the call is sounded from the police guard. At roll-calls and inspections, infantry pickets assemble with knapsacks on, cavalry on foot. The picket is assembled at retreat; the officer has the 88 REVISED REGULATIONS Grand Guards and other Outposts. roll called, and inspects the arms. The picket sleep in their tents, but without undressing. 600. The picket does not assemble at night except in cases of alarm, or when the whole or a part is to march; then the officer of the day calls the officers, the latter the non-commissioned officers, and these the men, for which purpose each ascertains the tents of those he is to call; they are assembled without beat of drum or other noise. At night, cavalry pickets assemble mounted. 601. Pickets rejoin their companies whenever the regiment is under arms for review, drill, march, or battle. GRAND GUARDS AND OTHER OUTPOSTS. 602. Grand guards are the advanced posts of a camp or cantonment, and should cover the approaches to it. Their number, strength, and posi- tion are regulated by the commanders of brigades; in detached corps, by the commanding officer. When it can be, the grand guards of cavalry and infantry are combined, the cavalry furnishing the advanced sentinels. When the cavalry is weak, the grand guards are infantry, but furnished with a few cavalry soldiers, to get and carry intelligence of the enemy. 603. The strength of the grand guard of a brigade will depend on its object and the strength of the regiments, the nature of the country, the position of the enemy, and the disposition of the inhabitants. It is usually commanded by a Captain. 604. Under the supervision of the Generals of Division and Brigade, the grand guards are specially under the direction of a field officer of the day in each brigade. In case of necessity, Captains may be added to the roster of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors for this detail. 605. Staff officers, sent from division head-quarters to inspect the posts of grand guards, give them orders only in urgent cases, and in the ab- sence of the field officer of the day of the brigade. 606. Grand guards usually mount at the same time as the other guards, but may mount before daybreak if the General of Brigade thinks it neces- sary to double the outposts at that time. In this case they assemble and march without noise, and during their march throw out scouts; this pre- caution should always be taken in the first posting of a grand guard. The doubling of guards weakens the corps and fatigues the men, and should seldom be resorted to, and never when preparing to march or fight. 607. A grand guard is conducted to its post, in the first instance?by the field officer of the day, guided by a staff officer who accompanied the General in his reconnoissance. After the post has been established, the commander sends to the field officer of the day, when necessary, a soldier of the guard to guide the relieving guard to the post. He also sends to FOR THE ARMY. 89 Grand Guards and other Outposts. him in the evening a corporal or trusty man of the guard for the noce containing the parole and countersign, and sends them before dark to the detached posts. He will not suffer his guard to be relieved except by a guard of the brigade, or by special orders. 608. If there is no pass to be observed or defended, the grand guards are placed near the centre of the ground they are to observe, on sheltered, and, if possible, high ground, the better to conceal their strength and observe the enemy; they ought not to be placed near the edge of a wood. When, during the day, they are placed very near or in sight of the enemy, they fail back at night on posts selected farther to the rear. 609. In broken or mountainous countries, and particularly if the in- habitants are ill disposed, intermediate posts must be established when it is necessary to post the grand guard distant from the camp. 610. Grand guards are chiefly to watch the enemy in front; their flanks are protected by each other, and the camp must furnish posts to protect their rear and secure their retreat. 611. Grand guards are seldom intrenched, and never without the orders of the General, except by a barricade or ditch when exposed in a plain to attacks of cavalry. 612. The General of Division, if he thinks proper, changes the stations and orders of these guards, and establishes posts to connect the brigades or protect the exterior flanks. 613. After a grand guard is posted, the first care of the commander and of the field officer of the day is to get news of the enemy; then to reconnoitre his position, and the roads, bridges, fords, and defiles. This reconnoissance determines the force and position of the small posts and their sentinels day and night. These posts, according to their import- ance, are commanded by officers or non-commissioned officers; the cavalry posts may be relieved every four or eight hours. 614. The commander of a grand guard receives detailed instructions from the General and field officer of the day of the brigade, and instructs the commanders of the small posts as to their duties and the arrangements for defense or retreat. The commanders of grand guards may, in urgent cases, change the positions of the small posts. If the small posts are to change their positions at night, they wait until the grand guard have got into position and darkness hides their movements from the enemy; then march silently and rapidly under the charge of an officer. 615. In detached corps, small posts of picked men are at night sent forward on the roads by which the enemy may attack or turn the position. They watch the forks of the roads, keep silence, conceal themselves, light no fires, and often change place. They announce the approach of the 90 REVISED REGULATIONS Grand Guards and other Outposts. enemy by signals agreed upon, and retreat, by routes examined during the day, to places selected, and rejoin the guard at daybreak. 616. Grand guards have special orders in each case, and the following in all cases: to inform the nearest posts and the field officer of the day, or the General of Brigade, of the march and movements of the enemy, and of the attacks they receive or fear; to examine every person passing near the post, particularly those coming from without; to arrest suspicious persons, and all soldiers and camp-followers who try to pass out without permission, and to send to the General, unless otherwise directed, all country people who come in. 617. All out-guards stand to arms at night on the approach of patrols, rounds, or other parties; the sentinel over the arms has orders to call them out. 618. Advanced posts will not take arms for inspection or ceremony when it would expose them to the view of the enemy. 619. Grand guards are often charged with the care and working of telegraphic signals. 620. The sentinels and vedettes are placed on points from which they can see farthest, taking care not to break their connection with each other or with their posts. They are concealed from the enemy as much as possible by walls, or trees, or elevated ground. It is generally even of more advantage not to be seen than to see far. They should not be placed near covers,.where the enemy may capture them. 621. A sentinel should always be ready to fire; vedettes carry their pistols or carbines in their hands. A sentinel must be sure of the presence of an enemy before he fires; once satisfied of that, he must fire, though all defense on his part be useless, as the safety of the post may depend on it. Sentinels fire on all persons deserting to the enemy. 622. If the post must be where a sentinel on it cannot communicate with the guard, a Corporal and three men are detached for it, or the sentinels are doubled, that one may communicate with the guard. During the day the communication may be made by signals, such as raising a cap or handkerchief. At night sentinels are placed on low ground, the better to see objects against the sky. 623. To lessen the duty of rounds, and keep more men on the alert at night, sentinels are relieved every hour. To prevent sentinels from being surprised, it is sometimes well to precede the countersign by signals, such as striking the musket with the hand, striking the hands together, &c. 624. On the approach of any one at night, the sentinel orders— "Halt!" If the order is not obeyed after once repeated, he fires. If obeyed, he calls—"Who goes there?" If answered—"Rounds" oi FOR THE ARMY. 91 Grand Guards and other Outposts. "Patrol," he says—"Stand: Advance one with the countersign." If more than one advance at the same time, or the person who advances fails to give the countersign or signal agreed on, the sentinel fires, and falls back on his guard. The sentinel over the arms, as soon as his hail is answered, turns out the guard, and the Corporal goes to reconnoitre. When it is desirable to hide the position of the sentinel from the enemy, the hail is replaced by signals; the sentinel gives the signal, and those approaching the counter signal. 625. With raw troops, or when the light troops of the enemy are numerous or active, and when the country is broken or wooded, the night stormy or dark, sentinels should be doubled. In this case, while one watches, the other, called a flying sentinel, moves about, examining the paths and hollows. 626. The commandants of grand guards visit the sentinels often; change their positions when necessary; make them repeat their orders; teach them under what circumstances and at what signals to retire, and particularly not to fall back directly on their guard if pursued, but to lead the enemy in a circuit. 627. At night, half the men of the grand guard off post watch under arms, while the rest lie down, arms by their side. The horses are always bridled; the horsemen hold the reins, and must not sleep. 628. When a grand guard of cavalry is so placed as not to be liable to a sudden attack from the enemy, the General may permit the horses to be fed during the night, unbridling for this purpose a few at a time— the horsemen being vigilant to prevent them from escaping. 629. An hour before break of day, infantry grand guards stand to arms, and cavalry mount. At the advanced posts, some of the infantry are all night under arms, some of the cavalry on horseback. 630. The commander of a grand guard regulates the numbers, the hours, and the march of patrols and rounds, according to the strength of his troop and the necessity for precaution; and, accompanied by those who are to command the patrols and rounds during the night, he will reconnoitre all the routes they are to follow. 631. Patrols and rounds march slowly, in silence, and with great pre- caution ; halt frequently to listen and examine the ground. The rounds consist of an officer or non-commissioned officer, and two or three men. 632. Toward break of day the patrols ought to be more frequent, and sent to greater distances. They examine the hollow-ways and ground likely to conceal an enemy, but with great caution, to avoid being cut off, or engaged in an unequal combat; if they meet the enemy, they fire and attempt to stop his march. While the patrols are out, the posts are under arms. 92 REVISED REGULATIONS Grand Guards and other Outposts. 633. Cavalry patrols should examine the country to a greater distance than infantry, and report to the infantry guard every thing they observe. The morning patrols and scouts do not return until broad daylight; and when they return, the night sentinels are withdrawn, and the posts for the day resumed. 634. When patrols are sent beyond the advanced posts, the posts and sentinels should be warned. 635. On their return, commanders of patrols report in regard to the ground and every thing they have observed of the movements of the enemy, or of his posts, and the commandant of the grand guard reports to the field officer of the day. 636. The fires of grand guards should be hidden by a wall, or ditch, or other screen. To deceive the enemy, fires are sometimes made on ground not occupied. Fires are not permitted at small posts liable to surprise. 637. The horses of cavalry guards are watered or fed by detachments; during which the rest are ready to mount. 638. If a body of troops attempt to enter the camp at night, unless their arrival has been announced, or the commander is known to, or is the bearer of a written order to the commander of the grand guard, he stops them, and sends the commander under escort to the field officer of the day, and warns the posts near him. 639. Bearers of flags are not permitted to pass the outer chain of sen- tinels ; their faces are turned from the post or army; if necessary, their eyes are bandaged; a non-commissioned officer stays with them to pre- vent indiscretion of the sentinels. 640. The commandant of the grand guard receipts for dispatches, and sends them to the field officer of the day or General of Brigade, and dis- misses the bearer; but if he has discovered what ought to be concealed from the enemy, he is detained as long as necessary. 641. Deserters are disarmed at the advanced posts, and sent to the commander of the grand guard, who gets from them all the information he can concerning his post. If many come at night, they are received cautiously, a few at a time. They are sent in the morning to the field officer of the day, or to the nearest post or camp, to be conducted to the General of the brigade. All suspected persons are searched by the com- manders of the posts. 642. When an enemy advances to attack, unless he is in too great force, or the grand guard is to defend an intrenched post or a deiile, it will take the positions and execute the movements to check the enemy, acting as skirmishers, or fighting in close or open order, as may bs best FOR THE ARMY. 93 Intrenched Posts.---Detachments. The guard joins its corps when in line, or when a sufficient number of troops have reached the ground it defends. INTRENCHED POSTS. 643. Unless the army be acting on the defensive, no post should be intrenched, except to cover the weak parts of the line, or at points which the enemy cannot avoid, or in mountain warfare, or to close a defile, or cover winter quarters. 644. Posts connected with the operations of an army are intrenched only by order of the General commanding-in-chief or a General of Divi- sion. 645. Any intrenchment that requires artillery is considered as a post, and a guard or garrison and commander are assigned to it. 646. The General who establishes an intrenched post gives to its com- mander detailed instructions in regard to its defense, and the circum- stances under which the defense should cease. 647. The commander reconnoitres his post; distributes the troops; posts the officers and non-commissioned officers; forms a reserve; gives orders for all contingencies he can foresee; supposes an attack, and arranges his troops for defense, so as to prepare them for attack, day or night. 648. In dark weather he redoubles his vigilance, and changes the hours and direction of the rounds and patrols. He permits no flags of truce, deserters, or strangers to enter. If a flag ought to pass his post, he bandages his eyes. He refuses admittance to a relief or any othei party until he has carefully examined them. In case of an attack, he does not wait for orders or hold a council. Having defended his post to the last extremity, or till the purpose of the defense, according to his in- structions, is answered, he may then spike his guns and rejoin the army under cover of night, or by cutting his way through the enemy. DETACHMENTS. 649. When a detachment is to be formed from the different regiments of a brigade, the Assistant Adjutant-General of the brigade assembles it, and turns it over to the commander. 650. When a detachment is to be formed from different brigades, the Assistant Adjutant-General in each forms the contingent of the brigade, and sends it to the place of assembling. 651. Detachments are generally formed by taking battalions, squad- rons, companies, platoons in turn, according to the roster for such detail. 652. When the detachment is to consist of men from every company or troop, the first on the roster for guard are taken. 94 REVISED REGULATIONS Reconnoissances. 653. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers, whose tour it is to go on detachment, if employed otherwise at the time, are relieved from the duty they are on, if they can reach camp in time to march with the detachment. 654. When detachments meet, the command is regulated while they serve together as if they formed one detachment. But the senior officer cannot prevent the commander of any detachment from moving, when he thinks proper, to execute the orders he has received. 655. On the return of a detachment, the commander reports to the head-quarters from which he received his orders. RECONNOISSANCES. 656. Near an enemy, daily reconnoissances are made to observe the ground in front, and to discover whether the advanced guards of the enemy have been increased or put in motion, or any other sign of his preparation for march or action. 657. They are made by small parties of cavalry and infantry, from the brigade, under direction of the General of Division or the General of a separate brigade, and to less distance by the patrols of the grand guard, and are not repeated at the same hour or by the same route. On the plain, reconnoissances are made by cavalry; among mountains, by infan- try, with a few horsemen to carry intelligence. 658. Reconnoitring parties observe the following precautions : to leave small posts, or sentinels at intervals, to transmit intelligence to the advanced posts of the army, unless the return is to be by a different route; to march with caution, to avoid fighting; and see, if possible, without being seen; to keep an advanced guard; to send well-mounted men ahead of the advanced guard, and on the flank of the party; to in- struct the scouts that no two should enter a defile or mount a hill together, but to go one at a time, while one watches to carry the news if the other is taken. 659. Before daybreak the advanced guard and scouts are drawn closer; the party then march slowly and silently, stop frequently to listen, and keep the horses that neigh in the rear. The party should enter no wood, defile, village, or inclosure, until it has been fully examined by the scouts. 660. Special reconnoissances are made under the instruction of the General in command, by such officers and with such force as he may direct. 661. Offensive or forced reconnoissances are to ascertain with certainty points in the enemy's position, or his strength. They are sometimes pre- ludes to real actions, and sometimes only demonstrations. They drive in his outposts, and sometimes engage special corps of his line. They are FOR THE ARMY. 95 _______________ Partisans and Flankers. only made by the order of the General commanding-in-chicf, or the com- mander of an isolated corps. 662. In all reports of reconnoissances, the officer making them shall distinguish expressly what he has seen from the accounts he has not been able to verify personally. 663. In special and offensive reconnoissances, the report must be accompanied by a field-sketch of the localities, the dispositions and de- fenses of the enemy. PARTISANS AND FLANKERS. 664. The operations of partisan corps depend on the nature and theatre of the war; they enter into the general plan of operations, and are con- ducted under the orders of the General commanding-in-chief. 665. The composition and strength of partisan corps and detachments of flankers depend on the object, the difficulties, the distance, and the probable time of the expedition. 666. The purpose of these isolated corps is to reconnoitre at a distance on the flanks of the army, to protect its operations, to deceive the enemy, to interrupt his communications, to intercept his couriers and his corre- spondence, to threaten or destroy his magazines, to carry off his posts and his convoys, or, at all events, to retard his march by making him detach largely for their protection. 667. While these corps fatigue the enemy and embarrass his opera- tions, they endeavor to inspire confidence and secure the good will of the inhabitants in a friendly country, and to hold them in check in an enemy' country. 668. They move actively, appear unexpectedly on different points in such a manner as to make it impossible to estimate their force, or to tell whether they are irregular forces or an advanced guard. 669. These operations require vigilance, secrecy, energy, and prompt- ness. The partisan commander must frequently supply by stratagem and audacity what he wants in numbers. 670. These detachments are sometimes composed of different arms, but the service belongs more particularly to the light cavalry, which can move to a distance by rapid marches, surprise the enemy, attack unexpectedly, and retire as promptly. 671. Stormy weather, fogs, extreme heat, and the night above all, are favorable to the success of ambuscades; when the enemy are careless, the break of day is the best time. A partisan commander should communi- cate to his second in command his secret orders, the direction and object of the expedition, and the different points of junction with the army. 672. Guides of the country and spies are often necessary to the parti- 96 REVISED REGULATIONS Partisans and Flankers.---Marches. san. They are examined separately, and confronted if their accounts differ. When there is but one guide, he marches with the advanced guard, guarded by two men, and bound if necessary. Peddlers and smugglers are specially suitable for spies. 673. A fit time to attack a convoy is at a halt, or when they begin to park, cr when they are watering, or passing a wood or a defile; at a bend of ib.a road, a bridge, or steep ascent. 674. The attacking party may be principally cavalry, with some in- fantry. The first object is to disperse the escort. A part of the detach- ment attacks the main body of the escort, another the wagons, and a third is in reserve; skirmishers line the road, and try to cut the traces, and to seize the front and rear wagons, and turn them across the road, to prevent the train from advancing or retreating. 675. If the convoy is parked, the cavalry surrounds it, assails the escort, and tries to draw it away from the train. The infantry then engage the troops remaining at the park, slip under the wagons, and get into the park. When the cavalry is alone and the enemy are shaken, they dismount a portion of the men to supply the want of infantry. 676. If it is a large convoy, the principal attack is made on the centre; the most valuable wagons are also selected, and additional horses are put to them if the attack is successful. Those that cannot be carried off are burned. MARCHES. 677. The object of the movement and the nature of the ground de- termine the order of march, the kind of troops in each column, and the number of columns. 678. The force is divided into as many columns as circumstances permit, without weakening any one too much. They ought to preserve their communications, and be within supporting distance of each other. The commander of each column ought to know the strength and direction of the others. 679. The advance and rear guards are usually light troops; their Btrength and composition depend on the nature of the ground and the position of the enemy. They serve to cover the movements of the army, and to hold the enemy in check until the General has time to make his arrangements. 680. The advance guard is not always at the head of the column; in a march to a flank,-it takes such positions as cover the movement. Sappers are attached to the advanced guard if required. 681. The "general," sounded one hour before the time of marching, is the signal to strike tents, to load the wagons, and pack horses, and send them to the place of assembling. The fires are then put out, and care taken » FOR THE ARMY. 97 Marches. to avoid burning straw, &c, or giving to the enemy any other indication of the movement. 682. The " march " will be beat in the infantry, and the " advance " sounded in the cavalry, in succession, as each is to take its place in the column. 683. When the army should form suddenly to meet the enemy, the "long roll" is beat, and "to horse" sounded. The troops form rapidly in front of their camp. 684. Batteries of artillery and their caissons move with the corps to which they are attached; the field train and ambulances march at the rear of the column; and the baggage with the rear guard. 685. Cavalry and infantry do not march together, unless the proximity of the enemy makes it necessary. 686. In cavalry marches, when distant from the enemy, each regiment, and, if possible, each squadron, forms a separate column, in order to keep up the same gait from front to rear, and to trot, when desirable, on good ground. In such cases, the cavalry may leave camp later, and can give more rest to the horses, and more attention to the shoeing and harness. Horses are not bridled until the time to start. 687. When necessary, the orders specify the rations the men are to carry in their haversacks. The field officers and Captains make inspec- tions frequently during the march; at halts they examine the knapsacks, valises, and haversacks, and throw away all articles not authorized. The officers and non-commissioned officers of cavalry companies attend per- sonally to the packs and girths. 688. When it can be avoided, troops should not be assembled on high- roads or other places where they interrupt the communication. 689. Generals of Division and commanders of detached corps send a staff officer to the rendezvous, in advance, to receive the troops, who, on arriving, take their place in the order of battle, and form in close column, unless otherwise ordered. Artillery, or trains halted on the roads, form in file on one side. 690. The execution of marching orders must not be delayed. If the commander is not at the head of his troops when they are to march, the next in rank puts the column in motion. 691. If possible, each column is preceded by a detachment of sappers. to remove obstacles to the march, aided, when necessary, by infantry, or the people of the country. The detachment is divided into two sections: one stops to remove the first obstacle, the other moves on to the next. 692. In night marches, and at bad places, and at cross-roads, when necessary intelligent non-commissioned officers are posted to show the way, and are relieved by the regiments as they come up. 98 REVISED REGULATIONS Marches. 693. On the march no one shall fire a gun, or cry "halt" or " march" without orders. 694. Soldiers are not to stop for water; the canteens should be filled before starting. 695. It is better to avoid villages; but, if the route lies through them, officers and non-commissioned officers are to be vigilant to prevent strag- gling. Halts should not take place at villages. 696. Besides the rear guard, the General sometimes takes a detach- ment from the last regiment, and adds to it non-commissioned officers from each regiment, to examine villages and all hiding-places on the route, to bring up stragglers and seize marauders. 697. In night marches, the Sergeant-Major of each regiment remains at the rear with a drummer, to give notice when darkness or difficulty stops the march. In cavalry, a trumpet is placed in rear of each squad- ron, and the signal repeated to the head of the regiment. 698. The General and field officers frequently stop, or send officers to the rear, to see that the troops march in the prescribed order, and keep their distances. To quicken the march, the General warns the Colonels, and may order a signal to be beat. It is repeated in all the regiments. 699. In approaching a defile, the Colonels are warned; they close their regiments as they come up; each regiment passes separately, at an accele- rated pace, and in as close order as possible. The leading regiment having passed, and left room enough for the whole column in close order, then halts, and moves again as soon as the last regiment is through. In the cavalry, each squadron, before quickening the pace to rejoin the column, takes its original order of march. 700. When the distance from the enemy permits, each regiment, after closing up in front and rear of the defile, stacks arms. 701. Halts to rest and re-form the troops are frequent during the day, depending on the object and length of the march. They are made in preference after the passage of defiles. 702. No honors are paid by troops on the march or at halts. 703. The sick march with the wagons. 704. Led horses of officers, and the horses of dismounted men, follow their regiment. The baggage wagons never march in the column. When the General orders the field train and ambulances to take place in the column, he designates the position they shall take. 705. If two corps meet on the same road, they pass to the right, and both continue their march, if the road is wide enough; if it is not, the first in the order of battle takes the road, the other halts. 706. A corps in march must not be cut by another. If two corps meet at cross-roads, that which arrives last halts if the other is in motion. FOR THE ARMY. 99 ___________________Directions for Keeping the Journal. A corps in march passes a corps at a halt, if it has precedence in the order of battle, or if the halted corps is not ready to move at once. 707. A column that halts to let another column pass resumes the march in advance of the train of this column. If a column has to pass a train, the train must halt, if necessary, till the column passes. The column which has precedence must yield it if the commander, on seeing the orders of the other, finds it for the interest of the service. JOURNAL. 708. Commanding officers of troops marching through a country little known, will keep journals of their marches according to the form and directions hereto annexed. At the end of the march a copy of the journal will be retained at the station where the troops arrive, and the original will be forwarded to the head-quarters of the Department, or corps d'armie. Thence, after a copy has been taken, it will be trans- mitted, through the head-quarters of the army, to the Adjutant-General, for the information of the War Department. 709. The object of the journal is to furnish data for maps, and inform- ation which may serve for future operations. Every point of practical importance should therefore be noted, even though not indicated in these directions. DIRECTIONS FOR KEEPING THE JOURNAL. 710. The journal should be kept in a pocket note book; or, if one cannot be obtained, in a book made of sheets of paper folded to half the letter size. 711. The record is to run from the bottom to the top of each page. 712. The horizontal divisions in the column headed "Route" represent portions of a day's march. The distance, in miles, between each of the horizontal divisions, will be noted in the column headed "Distance" which will be summed up at the top of each column, and the sum carried to the bottom of the next column. 713. The notes within each horizontal division are to show the general direction of the march, and every object of interest observed in its course. All remarkable features of the country, therefore, such as hills, streams, fords, springs, houses, villages, forests, marshes, &c, and the places of encampment, will be sketched in their relative positions, as well as noted by name. 714. The "Remarks" corresponding to each division will be upon the soil productions, quantity and quality of timber, grass, water, fords, nature of the roads, &c, and important incidents. They should show where provisions, forage, fuel, and water can be obtained; whether the 100 REVISED REGULATIONS Journal. FOKM OF Journal of the march of [here insert the names of the regiments from [here insert the point of departure] to [the stopping-place], Date. Hour. Weather. Distance. Route. 1860. Total, 19 3 ^§3 ^Si * July 8. 5. a. m. 1 p. m. 8 High timbered Peak. 10. ■73 O 6 1 bb .9 '3 o S §ImM ^ Camp No. 1. o Springs. 3 MM o 1 13 w 6.30. a 1 Ml. P. 6. O 5 ltikX'Drf' 4 ) m * 1 / IlLjilfc ^ Vi July 7. 4.30. FOR THE ARMY. 101 Journal. JOURNAL. or companies composing the column], commanded by •-------------, pursuant to [here give the No. and date of order for the march]. Remarks. Road rocky; but little grass; good water. Plenty of timber on sum mit of hills, extending three miles; road to right of hills. Good shelter for camp at foot of peak; fuel plenty. Springs of sweet water, with good grass near. Road to this point rather more sandy. Road runs through a canon £ mile long, to right of a small stream; marsh on left of stream; water sweet; grass excellent. Halted to graze two hours. No Indian signs. Companies F, G, and I, 3d----, detached at Mount P----, under command of----------(see par. 3, General Orders No.----), to take road to----. A small creek, easily forded. Road turns short to right at top of hill after crossing river; crossing good, but a little boggy on the right bank. This bottom shows signs of recent overflow, when it must have been impassable; banks low; water sweet; no wood near crossing; road hard and good up to river. 102 REVISED REGULATIONS Journal. JOURNAL- 1 Date. Hour. Weather. Distance. Route. 1860. a "3 Total, 47 5 V Jbrfc i» Road. July 9. 4.30 a. m. Ph 4.30 p. m. a 3 Camp No. 2. A orings. <.,. &a &a 3 p. m. 9 a> .s >> •73 O "3 03 oa cj