■^?!.v.v.-'- r,v^&^ ■* 1. /r4n\ / %> ^ J MUCH IMPROVED AND EXTENDED. THE MEDICAL FORMULARY: A COLLECTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS, DERIVED FROM THE WRITINGS AND PRACTICE OF MANY OF THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE USUAL DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF PHARMACEUTIC AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M. D., LATE PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACT. 1 Morbos autem, non eloquentia sed remediis curari."— Cels. De Med., Lib. 1. NINTH EDITION, CORRECTED AND EXTENDED. by SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, m.d., penn. a edinb. PHILADEXPHIA: LEA AND BLANCHARD. 1849. Q V E47»n IM9 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 184G, by LEA & BLANCHARD, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States in and for the East- ern District of Pennsylvania. PHILADELPHIA! T. K. AND P. (J. COLLINS, PRINTERS. N. CHAPMAN, M.D., PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. ETC., WHOSE TALENTS AND URBANITY HAVE RAISED HIM TO THE FIRST RANK IN THE PROFESSION, AND HAVE ACQUIRED FOR HIM THE CONFIDENCE AND ESTEEM OF A LARGE AND ENLIGHTENED COMMUNITY, THIS WORK IS VERT RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. * ■ CONTENTS. PAGE Editor's Advertisement - - - - vii Preface of the Author ----- ix Introduction ------ xiii Table of Abbreviations ----- xvii Table of the Doses of Medicine, arranged in Alphabetical order xix Tabular View of the Doses of the Principal Articles of the Materia Medica .... - xxi Class I. Emetics ----- 33 II. Cathartics ------ 39 Enemata ----- 56 III. Diuretics ------ 59 IV. Antilithics ----- 69 V. Diaphoretics - - - - - 72 VI. Expectorants ----- 82 Inhalation • - - - - 96 VII. Emmenagogues ----- 99 VIII. Anthelmintics - - - - - 106 IX. Epispastics - - - - - 112 Rubefacients - - - - -114 Bath, Fomentations, Src. - - - 129 Caustics, or Escharotics - - - 132 Mineral Acids - - - - 133 Moxa ------ 135 Stimulating Ointments, Src. • - 135 Issues and Setons - - - - 138 Bougies - - - - - 139 X. Stimulants - - - - - - 141 XI. Narcotics - - - - - 149 XII. Antispasmodics - - - - - 162 v[ CONTENTS. PACE XIII. Sialagogues - XIV. Tonics ------ an ,- - - 191 Alteratives - - YV . t . ... 203 XV. Astringents - - nn • - 210 Couuria • 214 Injections - Gargles, #c. - - - - - 216 XVI. Absorbents or antacids - 224 Appendix, No. I. Dietetics ----- 229 II. Poisons ... - 239 III. Endermic Medicine, &c. - - - 249 IV. Ether and Chloroform - - - 251 Index ------- 255 ADVERTISEMENT TO THE NINTH EDITION. The very favorable manner in which this work has long been received by the medical public is ample evi- dence of its usefulness; and the Editor, in preparing for the press this, the ninth edition, has been at great pains to render the work in all respects deserving of continued professional confidence. The utmost care has been be- stowed in correcting and extending its several parts, omitting some formulae and inserting others, and bring- ing the whole up to the present state of pharmaceutical knowledge. The section on Poisons has been revised with especial care; and that on Ether and Chloroform, now inserted for the first time, is believed to embrace the various practical considerations necessary to the employment of those remarkable therapeutic agents. S. G. MORTON. Philadelphia, January 1849. X PREFACE. The elegant and judicious formation of prescriptions is one of the difficulties which the young practitioner in medicine is obliged to encounter. While a student, he is compelled, from the circumstances under which he is placed, to confine his attention to the leading principles of the science. Consequently, the minor points (and the art of directing medicines is considered one of them), are postponed to that period when he shall have undertaken the practical duties of his profession. To obviate, in some measure, the inconvenience which the graduate at first experiences, the volume now offered the public was undertaken and executed. It contains, in a condensed form, and we think advantageously ar- ranged, many of the most important prescriptions em- ployed in modern practice, and which, though most of them may be already recorded, are scattered through various medical works. The arrangement framed by Professor Chapman for his Therapeutics, appearing to combine greater advan- tages than any other, we have taken the liberty of adopting it as the basis of this Formulary. Each class has been subdivided into Powders, Pills, and Liquids; without any attempt to preserve the different X PREFACE. preparations of the same article together, but only with a view to convenience. A few concise rules will be found prefixed to each class, and observations have been attached to those prescriptions which possess peculi- arities either in their composition or effects. The application of the remedies to diseases has been generally left to the judgment of the practitioner, and Therapeutical detail as much as possible avoided, as it would have been inconsistent with the nature and design of the work. The object is to furnish models for extemporaneous formulae, the proportions of which may be either increased or diminished, according to the age, sex, constitution or idiosyncrasy of the patient, all of which are to be taken into consideration when a prescription is directed, as well as the climate and peculiar epidemic which maybe prevailing. The prescriptions have been couched in the Latin language, and the names of the several articles will be found regularly terminated. The design was to furnish something like a Medical Grammar, to those unac- quainted with the dead language; and even those versed in the classics, may occasionally find words used in pre- scriptions which are new to them. A class of Dietetic preparations has been placed in the Appendix No. I. They are written in the English language, and it is hoped that they may be found useful in furnishing directions necessary to be given to the nurse. In the Appendix No. II. we have arranged those Poisons which are usually taken by accident or design, PREFACE. XI with their appropriate antidotes and some practical ob- servations. Appendix No. III. contains some concise remarks on the mode of using remedies on the "Endermic plan," as well as the quantities employed, and the effects pro- duced by several of the most potent remedial agents. The materials for the work have been collected from various sources, the writings of different authors, pe- riodical journals, manuscripts and the contributions of our friends. It is hoped, therefore, that the difficulties which have attended its progress will form some apology for the errors which it may possibly be found to contain. As a reason for not more frequently attaching the names of authors to the prescriptions, it may be observed, that they are a kind of common medical property which every physician feels himself privileged not only to employ, but modify as may best correspond with his own views. It is, therefore, difficult to say to whom many of them belong; they have been touched, and retouched, till they have lost their identity. In conclusion, we beg leave to present our acknow- ledgments to some of our friends for the encouragement they have given to the undertaking. To Dr. Chapman we are particularly indebted for the kindness and interest he has manifested in its publication, and offer to him (the only return we can make), our warmest thanks. It is with particular pleasure we embrace this opportu- nity of expressing our obligations to our friend Dr. S. G. Morton, whose intimate acquaintance with the sub- ject, and classical knowledge, are only equalled by the Xll PREFACE. kindness and industry he has displayed in facilitating the work. There are others whose names it would gratify us to mention, but who, we know, will be more pleased by our silence. The countenance they gave us on the present occasion has only increased the debt previously incurred. B. E. INTRODUCTION. Before entering upon the main object of this work, it is necessary to notice a few circumstances which pertain more especially to Pharmaceutic Chemistry, yet appear to be called for in this place; and though they are familiar to every educated physician, may be useful to the student who has not yet turned his atten- tion to prescriptions. In the first place, it is requisite to be well acquainted with the signs of quantity, or those symbolic charac- ters which are used in writing prescriptions. In the ancient practice of medicine there were very many of these symbols, not only for the purpose of denoting the quantity of the ingredient, but the ingredient itself. Most of these, however, have become obsolete; and a few only are retained as indispensable to the conve- nience of the practitioner. These will be found in the following Table, which is adopted in the Pharmaco- poeias for the regulation of weights. English Name. Latin Name. Symbol. Contains. A pound, An ounce, A drachm, A scruple, Libra, Uncia, Drachma, Scrupulus, lb, 5. 9, 12 ounces. 8 drachms. 3 scruples. 20 grains. xiv INTRODUCTION. In the manipulation of liquid substances, measures have in most countries superseded the use of weights: the Table of measures recommended by the London College, gives particular names and symbols to the parts forming a gallon, in order to prevent their being confounded with those denoting weights; as in the fol- lowing Table:— English Name. Latin Name. Symbol. Contains. A gallon, A pint, A fluidounce, A fluidrachm, Congius, Octarius, Fluiduncia, Fluidrachma, none, 0, fS. ft. 8 pints. 16 fluidounces. 8 fluidrachms. 60 minims. The minims used in the table, have been adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia in place of drops; and although we have not employed this measure in our prescriptions, yet we can readily perceive it to possess some important advantages over the ancient practice. The symbol (m,) is sometimes used by medical writers, though very improperly, to denote both minims and drops.* The size of a drop varies according to the greater or less fluidity and gravity of the liquid, and the shape of the vessel from which it is dropped; but as a general rule, we cannot do better on these occa- sions than use a small phial with a thin edge. Dr. Dorsey observes, that whenever great precision is neces- sary, it is easy to dilute the active medicine, and give it in form of a mixture. If sixty grains be diffused in six ounces of water, for instance, each half ounce will con- tain five. * Ten minims of any fluid, if measured by the graduated minim measure, equal to about fifteen drops. INTRODUCTION. XV Mr. Durand of this city, has made various experiments to ascertain the number of drops of different liquids equivalent to a fluid drachm ; and his results, which are of practical importance, are given in the following table : Drops. Acetone, - - - - - - 110 Acid acetic, (crystallizable,) ----- 120 Acid hydrocyanic, (medicinal,) - - - - 45 Acid muriatic, ------ 54 Acid nitric, ------ 94 Acid nitric, diluted, (1 to 7,) - - - - 91 Acid sulphuric, .... - 90 Acid sulphuric aromatic, ----- 120 Acid sulphuric, diluted, (1 to 7,) - - - 54 Alcohol, rectified spirit, ----- 13a Alcohol diluted, proof spirit, - - - - 120 Arsenite of potassa, solution of, - - - - 57 Chloroform, ------ 260 Ether sulphuric, ------ 150 Oil of aniseed, of cinnamon, of cloves, of peppermint, of ) sweet almond, of olives, . - - - ) Tincture of assafoetida, of foxglove, of guaiac, of opium, 120 Tincture of muriate of iron, - - - 132 Vinegar distilled, ------ 78 Vinegar of colchicum, ----- 78 Vinegar of opium, (black drop,) 78 Vinegar of squills, ----- 78 Water distilled, ------ 45 Water of ammonia, (strong,) ... - 54 Water of ammonia, (weak,) 45 Wine Teneriffe, ------ 78 Wine antimonial, ------ 72 Wine of colchicum, ----- 75 Wine of opium, ------ 78 Now it is evident from the preceding facts, that in XVI INTRODUCTION. giving 150 drops of sulphuric ether (and proximately of any ethereal tincture) we give but a fluid drachm; whereas the same number of drops of medicinal hydro- cyanic acid (one of the most poisonous preparations of the materia medica) would be equal to something more than three fluid drachms. The same remark, it will be observed, is applicable to various other preparations; which suggests a caution in rapidly increasing the dose of such medicines by drops. Whenever a tablespoonful of any liquid is ordered, it is considered to be equal to half an ounce by measure; and in the same way a teaspoonful is used for a drachm : ' these measures are sufficiently accurate where no great precision is requisite. The prescriptions contained in this work are given -in the Latin language, without other abbreviations than those in common use to denote the quantity of an ingre- dient. The directions for the administration of medicines are expressed in English. Prescriptions, as usually sent to the Apothecaries, are much abbreviated, and the same course may be pursued with regard to those contained in this collection. For the information of students who have not been in the practice of writing prescriptions, a Table of Abbrevia- tions is subjoined. INTRODUCTION. XV11 TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS. Abbreviation. Latin Word. English Word. Ciu.. * Ana, Of each. Ad saturand. Ad saturandum, Until saturated. Ad lib. Ad libitum, At pleasure. Aq. tepid. Aqua tepida, Warm water. Aq. ferv. Aqua fervens, Hot water. C. Congius, A gallon. Chart. Chartula, A small paper. Coch. Cochlear, A spoonful. Coch. mag. Cochlear magnum, A tablespoonful. Coch. parv. Cochlear parvum, A teaspoonful. Colent. Colentur, Let them be strained. Collyr. Collyrium, An eye-water. Contus. Contusus, Bruised or broken. F. vel Ft. Fiat, vel fiant, Let there be made. Fol. Folium, vel folia, A leaf or leaves. Garg. Gargarysma, A gargle. Gr. Granum, vel grana, A grain or grains. Gtt. Gutta, vel guttae, A drop or drops. Haust. Haustus, A draught. Infus. Infusum, An infusion. M. Misce, Mix. Mass. Massa, A mass. Mist. Mistura, A mixture. 0. Octarius, A pint. Pil. Pilula, vel pilulse, A pill or pills. Pulv. Pulvis, vel pulveres. A powder or powders. Q. S. Quantum sufficit, A sufficient quantity. R. Recipe, Take. Rad. Radix, A root. S. Signa, Write. Ss. Semi, vel dimidius, The half. Tinct. Tinctura, A tincture. The doses throughout this work are applicable to adult age, unless the contrary is specified. * This is not properly a Latin word, but the Greek proposition ava. 2 TABLE OF THE DOSES OF MEDICINES, ARRANGED IN AL- PHABETICAL ORDER. In preparing the following table, a great object has been to present, at a glance, the minimum and medium doses of each medicine; or, as sometimes happens in respect to the more familiar articles, the ordinary dose, as in many of the infusions and tinctures. It is neces- sary to premise that these preparations are adapted to adult age; nor can any precise rule be laid down which will be applicable to all the periods of life between that period and early infancy. Nothing but the cautious observation and judgment of the physician can possibly supply this deficiency. The best mode of giving active medicines to infants is in solution or suspension, so that the dose may be readily and safely graduated in reference to age, constitution and disease. As the same medicine will sometimes be found in several different classes of the Materia Medica, its dose must be varied accordingly. Thus ipecacuanha is both an emetic and diaphoretic, and the large dose we give for the former indication would not bear the necessary repetition for the second. Calomel is purgative and alterative; but in the table we only give the dose necessary to produce the first of these xx INTRODUCTION. effects; and so also of many other medicines. Here again the formulae, as given under the several classes, provide the necessary information in detail. We would also impress upon every practitioner, the vital importance of knowing the properties and strength of a medicine before prescribing it; and this caution is especially requisite in directing those preparations, which in an overdose, produce distressing and sometimes fatal effects. No prescription of this kind should ever be copied at random, and without first satisfying one's self, by a little calculation, whether the proportions directed in it are safe and consistent; and we would further insist that the use of every poisonous medicine should be com- menced in a minimum dose, and gradually increased according to its effects on the system. It is often neces- sary, also, in these instances, to put the patient on his guard in case any inordinate or unusual symptoms should arise, with a request that the prescription, in such con- tingency, may be taken in less quantity, at longer inter- vals, or discontinued. This precaution is all-important, for example, in the administration of alterative doses of the mercurial preparations; for the same quantity that would have little or no effect on one person, might, and often does produce a violent and deleterious effect on another. This remark is also equally applicable to the whole class of narcotic medicines. In truth, nothing but habitual circumspection in pre- scribing medicines, can render this art beneficial to the patient, or honorable to the physician. TABULAE VIEW DOSES OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. Acetate of mercury, gr. ]. -------of lead, gr. i to iij. -------of potash, 9j to 3j- -------of ammonia, f5ij to f^ss. -------of iron, gtt. x to xx. -------of iron, tincture, f5ss to -------of morphia, gr. g to |. -------of soda, 9j to 3*s. Acetous tinct. of opium, gtt. x to xv. Acid, aromatic sulph., gtt. v to x. -------, Arsenious, TV to g. ■-------, Diluted muriatic, gtt. ij to v. -------, Diluted nitric, gtt. i to iij. -------, Diluted sulph., gr. v to x. -------, Medicinal hydrocyanic, gtt. i to ij. —-----, Tannic, gr. j to iij. Aconite, Powder of, gr. j to ij. -------, Tincture of, gtt. v to x. -------, Extract of, gr. g to |. /Ether, Acetic, gtt. xv to xxv. -------, Muriatic, gtt. v to xx. ———, Sulphuric, gtt. xx to f3j• iErugo, gr. j. Aloes, Powder of, gr. v to x. ■-------, Tincture of, f3j. -------with canella, gr. v to 9j. Alum, gr. v to x. Ammonia, aromatic, gtt. x to xv. -------, Muriate of, gr. j to v. -------, Phosphate of, gr. x to9j. -------, Hydrosulphuret of, (Li- quor,) gtt. iij to vj. Ammoniac, Gum, gr. x to 9j. -----—, Tincture of, f3ss to f3j. -------, Lac, f^ss. Ammoniated alcohol, gtt. v to xx. -------iron, gr. v to x. -------copper, gr. | to 5. -------tinct. of guaiac, f3j• -------tinct. of opium, f3j. -------tinct. of bark, f3j. -------valerian, f3ss to f3j. -------colchicum, f3ss. Angustura bark, gr. x to 3j. , Tinct. of, f3j. Anodyne, Hoffman's, f5ss. Antimony and potass. Tart., gr. j to iij. -------, Sulphuret of, gr. v to x. , Preeip., gr. j to iij. Antimonial powder, gr. iij to x. wine, f3ss to f3j. Arbutus uva ursi, 3j to 3SS- -------, Tinct. of, f3j• —, Syrup of, f5j^ , Infusion of, fjij. Aristolochia serpentaria, Tinct., f5j- xxn TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. Aristolochia serpentaria, Infusion of, f3j. Arnica montana, gr. v to x. Aromatic sulph. acid, gtt. v to x. ------hartshorn, gtt. x to xv. Arsenious acid, gr. T\ to g. Arsenite of potassa, solution, gtt. x. Arsenical solution,Fowler's, gtt. x. Assafcetida, Gum, gr. v. to x. ------, Tincture of, f3j • ------, Lac, f^ss to f.5j. Azederach decoction, f^ss. Balsam copaibae, gtt. x to f3ss. ------of Gilead, 3ss. ------of Peru, f3ss. -------of tolu, gr. x to 9j. Baryta, Solution of muriate of, gtt. v. Barium, Iodide of, gr. g to |. Bateman's drops, f5j to 3'j- Belladonna, Extr., gr. £ to 3. ------, Powder of, gr. j to ij. Benzoic acid, gr. x to xx. Bicarbonate of potassa, gr. x to 9j. ------of soda, gr. xv to 3ss. -------of ammonia, gr. v. to xv. Bicyanuret of mercury, gr. g. Biniodide of mercury, gr. y^- to -|. Bismuth, Subnitrate of, gr. ij to x. Bitartrate of potassa, Jiss to Sj. Blacksnake root, gr. x to 9j. ------Decoction of, f^j. Bloodroot, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Tinct., f3j to f^ss. Blue pill, gr. j to viij. Brucine, gr. g to gr. |. Bromide of iron, gr. ss to j. Butternut, Extr. of, 9j to 3ss. Blackberry root, Infus., f^j to fSij. Black drop, gtt. vij to x. Boneset, Infusion of, f^j. Buchu, Powder of, gr. xx to 3j. ------, Infusion of, f^j. Burnt sponge, 3j to 5ij. Cajeput, Oil of, gtt. ij to v. Calcined magnesia, 3j- ' Calisaya bark, gr. x to 9j. Tincture of, f3j* Calomel, gr. iij to x. Camphor, Gum, gr. v to x. -------, Spirits of, gtt. v to xx. - water, f^ss to f^j. Cantharides, gr. ss to gr. j. , Tincture of, gtt. x. Canella, Tincture of, f3j- Capsicum, gr. iij to x. , Tincture of, f3ss to f3j- Carbonate of ammonia, gr. v to x. ------of iron, gr. x to 9j. -------of lime, Prep'd, gr. x to -------of magnesia, 3ss. -------of potassa, gr. x to 9j. ------of soda, gr. x to 9j. of soda, Dried, gr. x to xv. Cascarilla in powder, gr. x to 9j. -------, Infusion of, f^j. , Tinct. of, f3j Cassia, Purging, 3'j to §ss. Castor oil, f3ij to f^j. Castor, gr. v to 9j. Catechu, Gum, gr. x to 9j. , Tincture of, f3ss to f3j. Carburet of iron, gr. v to x Cannabis. See Gunjah. Caustic, Lunar, gr. g to |. Centaury, Infusion of, f^j to f^ij. Chalk, Prepared, gr. x to 9j. Chloride of gold, gr. ,'g to -~^. Chlorine water, f§ss to f^j. Chamomile infusion, f^j. Charcoal, 3ss to 3j- Cicuta. See Conium. Cinchonia, Infusion of, f^j. -------, Decoction of, f^j. ------, Powder of, 3ss to 3j- -------, Extract of, gr. ij to iij. , Tincture of, f3j to 3ij Cinchonia, Sulphate of, gr. j to ij. Citrate of quinia and iron, gr. ij to v. Cobweb, gr. v to x. Codliver oil, f|ss to fgij. Colchicum, Powdered root, gr. ij to v. TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. XX111 Colchicum, Wine of, gtt. x to xx. Colocynth, Extr. of, gr. v to x. Colombo, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. -------, Tinct. of, f3ss to f5j- -------, Extr. of, gr. j to v., Codeine, gr. ss to j. ------, Syrup of, f3j. Confection of opium, gr. x to 3ss. -------of scammony, 3ss to 3j- ------of senna, 3j- Conium, Powder of, gr. iij to iv. ------, Extract, gr. ij to iij. -------, Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3j. Copaiva, Balsam of, gtt. xx to f3ss. -------, Oil of, gtt. x. ------, Soluble, gr. v. Corrosive sublimate, gr. -jf to |. Copper, Ammoniated, gr. | to gr- i- -------, Sulphate of, (Emetic,) gr. j t° "j- Cranesbill, Powder of, 9j to 3ss. -------, Decoction of, f^j. Croton oil, gtt. j. Crocus, common saffron, gr. x to XX. Cowhage, Electuary of, f3j to f^ss. Cream of tartar, ^ss to ^j. Creasote, Oil of, gtt. j. Cubebs, Powder of, 3SS to 3j- -------, Oil of, gtt. v to x. Cyanuret of iron, gr. iij to v. ------of mercury, gr. -^ to |. -------of potassium, gr. g to |. -------of zinc, gr. |. Dalby's carminative, f3ss to f3j. Dandelion, Extr. of, gr. iij to x. -------, Infusion of, fsj to f^iv. Digitalis, Powder of, gr. 5 to gr. j. -------, Tincture of, gtt. x. -------, Infusion of, f^ss. Dogwood, Decoction of, f^j to f3ij- Dover's powder, gr. v to x. Dulcamara, Extr. of, gr. iij to vj. -------, Infusion of, f|j. Elaterium, Extr. of, gr. g to |. Elixir of vitriol, gtt. v to x. -------, of opium, M'Munn, gtt. xxv. , proprietatis, f5j. Emetic tartar, gr. j to ij Epsom salts, ^j. Erigeron, Infusion of, f^ij. Ergot, Powder of, gr. x to xx. -------, Tincture of, f3j to f3ij. Essence of;peppermint, gtt. v to x. Ethiops mineral, gr. v to xx. Ether, Spts. of nitric, f3ss. -------, Sulphuric, f3ss to f3j. Extract of aconite, gr. g to |. -------of aloes, gr. v to xx. -------of hellebore, gr. v to x. -------of butternut, gr. x to 3ss. ------of chamomile, gr. v to x. -------of colocynth, gr. iij to x. -------of dandelion, gr. iij to x. -------of nightshade, gr. \ to \. ------of elaterium, gr. g to \. ------of gentian, gr. j to v. -------of hemlock, gr. ij to iij. ------of henbane, gr. j to ij. ------of hops, gr. v to x. ------of jalap, gr. v to 9j. -------of lettuce, gr. iij. ------ of logwood, gr. v to xx. ------of nux vomica, gr. \ to gr-j- -------of Peruvian bark, gr. j to v. -------of poppy, gr. v to x. -------of quassia, gr. ij to v. -------of taraxacum, gr. v to x. -------of male fern, gr. x to 9j. Fern, Male, 3j to 3ij. Ferrocyanate of iron, gr. iij to v. of potassa, gr. v to x. Foxglove. See Digitalis. Fowler's solution, gtt. x. Fleabane, Infusion of, f^ij. Garlic, Syrup of, f3j. Galls, Powder of, gr. v to x. -------, Tincture of, f3j to f3ij. ------, Syrup of, f3j. XXIV TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. Galls, Infusion of, f Jj to f.?ij. Gamboge, Gum, gr. iij to vj. Gentian, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Extract of, gr. j to v. -------, Tincture of, f 3j- Ginger, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Infusion of, fgj to fgij. Gout cordial, Warner's, fgss to Godfrey's cordial, f^ss to fgj- Glauber's salts, §'}. Guaiac, Gum, gr. v to 9j. ------, Tinct. of, f5j. ------, Ammoniated tinct. of, f3j. Gunga, Extr. of, gr. j to iij. ------, Tincture of, gtt. v to x. Gum ammoniac, gr. v to x. Hartshorn, Aromatic, gtt. x to xv. Hellebore, Black, gr. x to 9j. -------, Extr. of, gr. v to x. ------, Tinct. of, f3j- ------, White, gr. j to ij. ------, Tinct. of, gtt. iij to vj. -------, American, gr. j to ij. Hemp, Indian. See Gunja. Henry's Magnesia, 3j- Henbane, Extr. of, gr. j to ij. ------, Tinct. of, gtt. xx to f 3ss. Hive syrup, f3ss to f3j- Hiera picra, gr. x to 9j. Hoffman's anodyne, f3ss. Hops, Tincture of, f3j to f3ij. ----, Infusion of, f^j to f^ij. Huxham's tinct. of bark, f'3j. Hyoscyamus, Extr. of, gr. j to ij. ------, Tinct., gtt. xx to f3ss. Hydrocyanic acid, (Medicinal,) gtt. j to ij. Iodide of iron, gr. ij to iij. ------, Solution of, gtt. v to x. ------of potassium, gr. j to v. -------of arsenic, gr. Jg- to T'2. ------of barium, gr. g to 4. Iodine, Tinct. of, gft. v to xx. Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium, Channing's solution, gtt. ij to v. Indigo, Powdered, 9j to 3j. Ipecacuanha, gr. xv to 3SS- ------, American, gr. x to 9j. _-----, Wine of, f3ss to f5j. -------, Syrup of, f3ss to f 3 ij- Iron, acetate of, gtt. x to xx. ----, Ammoniated, gr. iv to x. ----, Black oxide of, gr. v to xx. ----, Bromide of, gr. ss to gr. j. ----, Citrate of quinia &, gr. v to x. ----, Ferroeyanate of, gr. iij to v. ----, Iodide of, gr. ij to iij. ----, Iodide of iron, solution, gtt. xxx to f3j * ----, Lactate of, gr. iij to v. ----, Muriated tinct. of, gtt. x. ----, Phosphate of, gr. v to x. ——, Subcarbonate of, gr. x to 3ss. ----, Prototartrate of, gr. v to x. ----, Sulphate of, gr. ij to v. ----, Dried sulphate of, gr. j to iij. ----, Wine of, gtt. xx to f3j. Jalap, Powder of, gr. x to xx. ----, Compound powder of, 3SS to 3j- ----, Extract of, gr. v to x. ----, Tincture of, f3j to f3ij- James's powder, gr. iij to x. Juglans, Extr. of, 9j to 3SS- Juniper, oil of, gtt. iij to vj. Krameria. See Rhatany. Kino, Gum, gr. x to 9j. ----, Tincture of, f3ss to f3j. Lathyris. See Spurge. Lac ammoniac, f3.1 to f§ss. ----assafcetidae, f'3j to f ^ss. ----sulphuris, 9j to 3ss. * Laudanum, gtt. xxv. Lactucarium, gr. iij. * The doses of Laudanurh for the dif- ferent periods of life are given under the head of Narcotics. TABLE OF Lead, Acetate of, gr. j to gr. iij. Leopard's bane, Powder of, gr. j to v. Limewater, fgss to f^ij. Lobelia, Powder of, gr. v to x. ----, Tinct. of, f3ss to f3j • Logwood, Extract of, gr. v to 9j. ----, Decoction of, f^j to fjfij. Lupulin, gr. v to x. ----, Tinct. of, f3j. Magnesia, Calcined, 3j' ----, Carbonate of, 9j to 3j« ----, Sulphate of, 3j. Male fern, 3j to 3ij. ----, oil of, gtt. xx to xxx. May-apple, Extr. of, gr. x. to 9j. Manna, Jj to ^ij. Meadow Saffron. See Colchicum. M'Munn's elixir ofopium, gtt. xxv. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, gtt. j to ij. Mercury, Acetate of, gr. j. ----, Yellow sulphate of, gr. 5 to £. ----, Black sulphuret of, gr. v to XX. -----, Protiodide of, gr. | to 5. -----, Biniode of, gr. ^\ to |. ----, with chalk, gr. v to 9j. ----, Black oxide of, gr. j to ij. ----, Corrosive chloride of, gr. ,Jg to h ——, Cyanuret of, gr. ^V to 5. ----, Mild chloride of, gr. ij to x. Mindereri, Spts. of, f3ij to f Jj. Monesia, Extr. of, gr. x to xv. Morphia, Acetate of, gr. £ to h ----, Muriate of, gr. } to ?. ----, Sulphate of, gr. | to |. Muriate of Iron, Tinct., gtt. v to x. ----of baryta, Solution of, gtt. v. -----of ammonia, gr. j to v. ----of morphia, gr. £ to ?. Muriatic ether, gtt. v to xx. Muriatic acid, gtt. ij to v. Musk, gr. v to x. ----, Tincture of, f3j. Mustard, Powder of, 3j- 2* (OSES, ETC. XXV Mugwort, Powder of, 9j to 3j- Naphtha, Wood, gtt. x to xv. Nightshade, Extr. of, gr. ? to 5. ----, Powder of, gr. j. to ij. Nitrate of potassa, gr. v to x. ----of silver, gr. 5 to £. Nitre, Sweet spirits of, f3ss. Nitric acid, gtt. j to iij. Nitro-muriatic acid, gtt. ij to iij. Nitrous powder, gr. v to vij. Nux vomica, Extr. of, gr. 2 to j. ----, Tinct. of, gtt. v to xx. , Powder of, gr. iij to v. Oil of cajeput, gtt. ij to v. ----, Castor, f^ss to f^j. ----, Croton, gtt. ss to j. ----of amber, gtt. ij to v. —— of cubebs, gtt. x. to xx. ----of juniper, gtt. iij to vj. ----of turpentine, gtt. v to xx. ----of wormseed, gtt. iij to vj. ----of valerian, gtt. ij to v. ----of sassafras, gtt. ij to v. ----of male fern, gtt. xx to f 3ss. ----of cod-liver, f^ss to f ^ij. Opium Gum, gr. j. ----, Tincture of, gtt. xxv. ——, Vinegar of, gtt. vii to x. ----, Camphorated tinct. of, f 3j- ----, Wine of, gtt. xxv. ----, Elixir of, gtt. xxv. Oxymel of squills, f 3j. Parsley, Infusion of, Oss. Paregoric elixir, f 3j« Peruvian bark, 9j to 3j- ----, Tinct. of, f 5j ----, Decoction of, f^j. ----, Extract of, gr. j to v. Phosphate of soda, 3"]. ----of iron, gr. v to x. ----of ammonia, gr. x to 9j. Phosphorus, gr. ,^. Pill, Blue, gr. j to viij. Pink-root, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ----, Infusion of, f^ss to f3j. Pipsisseway, Dec. of, f^ij to f^iij. xxvi TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. Pomegranate, Powder of, 9j to 3SS- ----, Decoction of, f 3j. Potassa, Acetate of, 9j to 3j- ----Solution of arsenite, gtt. x. ----, Bicarbonate of, gr. x to 3j. ----, Bitartrate of, |ss to 3j. ----, Carbonate of, gr. x to 3ss. ----, Ferrocyanateof(prep'd),gtt. xx to f 3SS- ----, Nitrate of, gr. v to x. ----, Sulphate of, 3*ss. ----, Tartrate of, g~ss to §j. Potassa and soda, Tartrate of, fj. Potassium, Iodide of, gr. j to v. ----, Cyanuret of, gr. g to |. ----, Iodo-hydrargyrateof, (Chan- ning's,) gtt. ij to v. Prussiate of iron, gr. iij to v. Prussic acid, Medicinal, gtt. j to ij. Protiodide of mercury, gr. ss to ij. Protocarb. of iron, gr. v to x. Pulvis Doveri, gr. v to x. ----antimonialis, gr. iij to x. Quassia, Extract of, gr. j to iij. ----, Infusion of, f,fj. ----, Tincture of, f 3j - Quinia, Sulphate of, gr. j to iij. Quinia and Iron, Citrate of, gr. iij to x. Rhubarb, Powder of, gr. x to 3ss. ----, Tincture of, f 3ij to f ^ss. ----, Syrup of, f3j to f 3*ss. Rhatany, Extract of, gr. x to xv. ----, Tincture of, f 3j to f 3U - Rochelle, Salts, |j to |iss. Sage, Iafusion of, f^j to f^ij. Sanguinaria. See Bloodroot. j Sassafras, Oil of, gtt. ij to v. Savin, Powder of, gr. v to x. ----, Oil of, gtt. ij to v. Saffron, Meadow. See Colchicum. ----. See Crocus. Sarsaparilla, Decoction of, f^iv. ----, Syrup of, f^ss to f^j. . ; ----, Fluid extr. of, f3j• ----, Powder of, 9j to 3j- Scabious, Infusion of, f 3*ij. Scammony, gr. v to x. Secale, Powder of, gr. x to xx. ----, Tincture of, f3j to f3ij. Seneka, Infusion of, f^j to f§ij. ----, Powder of, 9j to 3j- ----, Syrup of, f3j t° f 3*ss. Senna, Infusion of, f,?j to f3*iv. ----, Confection of, 3U- ----, Fluid extract of, f3j to f^ss. Simarouba, Extract of, gr. j to iij. ----, Tinct of, f3j. -----, Infusion of, f 3j. Silver, Nitrate of, gr. g to gr. i. Soda, Bicarbonate of, gr. xv to 3ss. ----, Phosphate of, ,3*j. ----, Sulphate of, 3*j. Spirits of nitre, Sweet, f3ss to f 3j- Spider's web, gr. v. Spigelia, Infusion of, f 3*ss to f^j. Spurge, Powder of, gr. iij to x. Sponge, Burnt, 3j to 3ij- Squill, Powder of, gr. v to x. ----, Syrup of, f3ss to f3j- ----, Oxymel of, f3ss to f 3j- Strychnia, gr. TV to ^. Stramonium, Powder of seeds of, gr-j- ----, Extr. of, gr. £ to 5. -----, Leaves of, gr. i. to iij. Sulphate of copper, (emetic,) gr. j to iij. -----of iron, gr. iij to v. ----dried sulph. of, gr. j to iij. ----of magnesia, ^j. ----of morphia, ^ to |. ----of potassa, 3*ss. -----of quinia, gr. j to iij. ----of soda, §j. ----of zinc, gr. x to 9j. Sulphur, Prepared, 3ss to 3ij. ----, milk of, 9j to 3j. Syrup of garlic, f 3j.* ----of ginger, f3j to f gss. ----of poppies, f 3j to f gss. ----of rhatany, f 3j to f3ij. ----of rhubarb, f3j to fgss. ----of sarsaparilla, f^ss to f3j. ----of seneka, f3ss to f 3j. TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. XXV11 Syrup of senna, f3ij to f^ss. ----of squill, f3ss to f3j • ----of tolu, f^j to f 3*ss. Tannin, gr. ij to iv. Tar in substance, gr. v to 9j. ----water, f^ij to f^iij. Taraxacum, Extr. of, gr. v to x. ----, Decoction of, f^j. Tartar cream of, ^ss to %'). ----emetic, gr. j to iij. Tartrate of potassa and iron, gr. x to xx. ----of potassa and soda, 3*j. ----of potassa, 3j to 3*ss. Tin powder, 3j to 3ij- ----electuary, 3*ss to 3*j. Tincture of aloes, f 3j. Tincture of aconite, gtt. ij to v. ----of aloes and myrrh, f 3j- ----of angustura, f 3j• ----of assafoetida, f3ss to f 3j- ----of benzoin, f3ss to 3j- ----of black hellebore, f 3j - ----of buchu, f 3j- ----of cantharides, gtt. x to xx. ----of capsicum, f 3j- ----of cinchona, f 3j • ----of cascarilla, f 3j- ----of castor, f3ss to f 3j. ----of catechu, f3ss to f 3j - ----of columbo, f 3ss to f3j. ----of colchicum, gtt. x to xx. ----of cubebs, f 3j- ----of digitalis, gtt. v to x. ----of opium, gtt. xxv. ----ofopium, acetated,gtt. vij to x. ----of opium, camphorated, f3j- ----ofopium, ammoniated, f 3j • ----of galls, f3ss to f 3j- -----of gentian, f3ss to f 3j- ----of guaiac, f3j- ----of guaiac, Ammon., f 3j• ■----of hemlock, gtt. xxx to f3j. ----of henbane, gtt. xx to f 3ss ----of hellebore, gtt. xx to f3ss- ----of hops, f3j to f5ij. ----of iodine, gtt. v to xx. ----of iodine, Comp. gtt. x to xl. Tincture of jalap, f 3j to f3ij« ----of kino, f3ss to f 3j • ----of lupulin, f3j. ----of lobelia, f 3j- ----of muriate of iron, gtt. x. ----of musk, f3j. ----of nux vomica, gtt. v to xx. ----of quassia, f3ss to f3j- ----of rhatany, f3j - ----of rhubarb, fjss to f^j. ----of rhubarb and aloes, f 3ss. ----of rhubarb and gentian, f 3j - ----of rhubarb and senna, f 3j- ----of senna, f 3j to f 3'j- ----of squill, gtt. xx to xl. -----of tolu, f 3j• ----of valerian, f 3j - ----of Virginia snake-root, f 3j- 1----of veratrum, gtt. iij to vj. Tolu, Tincture of, f3j- ----, Syrup, f3j to f gss. Turlington's balsam, f 3ss to f3j- Turpentine, Spirits of, gtt. v to xx. Turpeth mineral, (emetic,) gr. v. Uva nrsi, Powder of, 9j to 3j- ----, Infusion of, f^j to f^ij. ----, Syrup of, f3j to f 3ij. Valerian, Tincture of, f3j- ----, Oil of, gtt. ij to v. ----, Infusion of, f^j. ----, Extract of, gr. j to v. Vallet's carb. of iron, gr. v to x. Veratria, gr. f to g. Vinegar of colchicum, gtt. xx. Veratrum album, gr. iij to vj. ----, Tincture of, gtt. iij to vj. Vinegar ofopium, gtt. vii to x. ----of squill, gtt. xx to f 3j- Virginia snake-root, Powder of, gr. x. ----, Tincture of, f3j - ----, Infusion of, f 5j. Warner's cordial, f^ss to f Jj. Wormseed oil, gtt. ij to vj. White-oak bark, Powder of, 9j, ----, Decoction of, fs*j to f|ij. xxviii TABLE OF DOSES, ETC. White-oak bark, Extractor, v to x. Wild-cherry, Infusion of, f3*j. ----, Syrup of, f3j to f3ij. Wine of iron, gtt. xx to f 3j- ----of ipecacuanha, f 3ss to f 3u- Wine, Antimonial, f3ss to f3j. ----, of colchicum, gtt. x to xx. ----of opium, gtt. xxv. Zinc, Sulphate of, gr. ss to gr. ij, ----, Oxide of, gr. ij to v. I CLASS I. EMETICS. In the administration of Emetics a few simple rules are worthy of attention. Whatever may be the apparent necessity for empty- ing the stomach, we must take into consideration all the circum- stances of the case, and more particularly if there be much ar- terial excitement with determination to the head; for where these symptoms are present, blood-letting should be sometimes pre- mised. When poisons have been taken, our object is to evacuate the stomach as speedily as possible, and for this purpose we select an emetic which is prompt in its action. But where the excitability of the stomach is greatly diminished by a Narcotic, it is necessary to assist the emetic by the addition of some excitant. When such an effect is caused by opium, the, system may be generally rendered susceptible by the use of vinegar, mustard or ammonia. In these cases, however, the stomach-tube is our best resource. Where free vomiting is desirable, it is effectually solicited by plentiful draughts of tepid water or chamomile tea. The evacuation of the stomach may be greatly facilitated by tickling the fauces with a feather, or introducing the point of the finger as far back as possible and titillating the parts. There are a few cases in which emetics are obviously inadmis- sible, as in apoplexy, or where there is great determination of blood to the head depending upon constitutional causes; preg- nancy; hernia; prolapsus uteri; active hemorrhage from the lungs and uterus; acute gastritis, &c. If emetic medicines are ever allowable in these diseases it is for the most part in nauseating doses only. By the frequent use of emetics the stomach acquires an increased susceptibility to their action; hence persons of delicate habits should use them cautiously. When excessive vomiting occurs, it may be checked by resort- ing to some one or more of the following resources: 3 34 EMETICS. Ice broken into small pieces and allowed to dissolve in the mouth. Lime water and milk, a tablespoonful of each, mixed cold and given at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes. A drop, or even half a drop of oil of Creosote, mixed in a wine-glass of cold water, of which give a teaspoonful every 15 or 20 minutes. The infusion of camphor made with boiling water and given cold, a teaspoonful frequently repeated. Brandy and water, and clove and green tea, conduce to the same end; and where other internal means fail in irritable con- stitutions, an anodyne injection will sometimes accomplish the object. Among external appliances, mustard to the epigastrium is one of the best: also, spice-plasters and hot fomentations of brandy and cloves. POWDERS. Powder of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, 9ij. Divide it into two doses.—Signa.—One to be taken in a little molasses or sugar and water, and followed by a draught of tepid water. If one powder does not produce the desired effect the second to be taken in like manner. Powder of Ipecacuanha with Tartarized Jlntimony. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, 9j. Antimonii et potassa? tartratis, gr. j. Misce.—To be taken in the same manner as the former. Ipecacuanha is supposed by some to counteract the effects of opium by a specific principle, and hence the above prescription is often used where that drug has been taken. A more prompt eme- tic, however, will in such cases, be preferable. Powder of Ipecacuanha with Rhubarb. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhas, ------— rhei, aa 9j. Misce et signa.—To be taken in sirup. More or less purging will generally follow the emetic operation of this dose. EMETICS. 35 The above are the principal combinations of ipecacuanha, for the purpose of vomiting. It fulfils several other indications, which will be noticed under their appropriate heads. Powder of Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri sulphatis, grs. ij. Signa.—To be given in a little sirup of water. This medicine is seldom employed as an emetic except in those cases of poisoning where other articles have failed, or are not at hand. It should be followed by a large draught of warm water. All vegetable astringent infusions are incompatible substances. Powder of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Zinci sulphatis, grs. x. vel 3ss. Signa.—To be taken in molasses, and followed by a draught of warm water. This medicine is very prompt in its operation and very gene- rally employed in cases of poisoning. It is also used as a nau- seating remedy in phthisis ; and both as an emetic and tonic in dyspepsia. The stomach is said to be invigorated, rather than exhausted by its operation. WINES, MIXTURES, &c. Wine of Ipecacuanha with Antimony. R. Vini ipecacuanhae, f3j. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Fiat solutio et signa. A teaspoonful to be taken every ten or fifteen minutes until vomiting is induced, which may be assisted with tepid drinks. Antimonial Wine. R. Vini antimonii, f3J- Signa.—A teaspoonful to be taken every ^en or fifteen minutes until free emesis is effected. If antimonial wine is given for the purpose of producing speedy vomiting, we may safely give half an ounce of it at once ; and in the croup of infants, twenty drops every fifteen minutes, until the medicine operates, is a safe dose. 36 EMETICS. Solution of Tartrate of Antimony: R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, grs. iv. Sacchari albi, 3J. Aquae destillatae, Oiv. Misce et fiat solutio.—A tablespoonful to be given every ten or fifteen minutes, until it operates freely. The wine of antimony possesses no advantage over this extem- poraneous prescription; and unless we know the proportion of antimony contained in each ounce of the former, and know also that it has been recently made, the latter is decidedly preferable. Tartar Emetic and Quinia. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, grs. iij. Quiniae sulphatis, grs,. x. Misce et divide in partes vj equales.—This preparation is com- mended by Dr. Gola as successful in intermittent fever, when quinia alone produced no favorable result. He directs a powder to be given every two hours during the apyrexia. It causes both emesis and alvine evacuations, and prevents the recurrence of the paroxysm. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc R. Zinci sulphatis, 3iss. Aluminis, 3ss. Aquae ferventis, Oss. Misce.—Let the solution be filtered through blotting paper.—A tablespoonful for adults, and a teaspoonful for a child of six months old, (and so on in proportion to the strength and age of the patient,) every morning upon an empty stomach. This is the celebrated solutio vitriolica of Dr. Mosely, who principally employed it in dysentery and phthisis pulmonalis. Mustard Draught. R. Pulveris sinapis, 3j. Aquae tepidae, Oss. To be mixed and swallowed at once. This is a very prompt emetic, and one that is always at hand. EMETICS. 37 Emetic Lozenges of Emetina. R. Sacchari albi, 3ij. Emetinae impurae, grs. xxxij. Misce et fiant trochisci singuli grs. xviij. One of these Lozenges taken fasting will generally produce vomit- ing in children. Three or four will speedily excite it in adults. Magendie. Solution of Emetina. R. Emetinae fuscae, grs. iv. Aquae destillatse, f |ij. Syrupi, 3ss. Fiat solutio et signa.—Give two teaspoonsful every half hour. Emetina is destitute of the peculiar odor and nauseous taste of Ipecacuanha, and may therefore be preferable in some cases. It will be observed that we have introduced the impure or co- lored Emetina, which is much less energetic than the perfectly white alkali. The best antidote for an over-dose, is a strong in- fusion of nut-galls. One grain of Emetina will generally produce as much effect as sixteen grains of Ipecacuanha. Even this quantity of pure Eme- tina would be an unnecessarily large dose ; and the emetic property will be readily obtained by dissolving a grain in an ounce of water, and giving it in three or four doses at the usual intervals. Mixture of Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, oss. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Tincturae scillae, f 3j. Aquae destillatse, f^vijss. Fiat mistura et signa.—Four tablespoonsful at first; afterwards two tablespoonsful every ten minutes until vomiting is induced. This mixture is recommended in dropsies previously to giving digitalis. Infusion of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, Sij• Aquae bullientis, f 3vj. Macerate for one hour and filter.—Of this from one to two table- spoonsful, may be given every half hour, until it excites vomit- ing. 38 EMETICS. Infusion of Lobelia infiata. R. Lobeliae inflatae, %'). Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusio et signa.—A small wineglassful may be taken every half hour, until vomiting succeeds. This native remedy, called also Indian tobacco, is frequently exhibited in the form of saturated tincture, of which the dose is a teaspoonful every half hour until emesis is excited. It has gained considerable celebrity in the treatment of Asthma, and is now employed by the "steam doctors" of the western country, as part of their treatment of all diseases. Its action is so violent that it should be administered with extreme caution. Sirup of Seneca and Squills. R. Syrupi scillae compositi, f sj. Signa.—Give from ten drops to a teaspoonful, every quarter or half hour, or hour, according to the age of the patient and violence of the disease. This is the hive sirup of Dr. Coxe: it has acquired much con- fidence from its efficacy in croup ; and should it not be sufficiently active in this violent disease, a grain of tartrate of antimony may- be added to each ounce. Tobacco Poultice. R. Foliorum tabaci, oj. To be beat up with sufficient water to form a cataplasm, and ap- plied to the region of the stomach, when emetics cannot be administered by the mouth. The utmost care should be taken to guard against the violent effects of tobacco, even when thus externally applied. CLASS II. CATHARTICS. As a general rule it may be observed of cathartics that they are capable of fulfilling three different indications:—1st. Simply to evacuate the bowels; 2d. To excite an increased discharge from the mucous coat of the intestines; and 3d. To stimulate the neighboring viscera, and cause them to secrete a greater quantity of their peculiar fluids. It seldom or perhaps never happens, that the same article will produce these three different effects; and in order to accomplish them, we must combine different sub- stances in one formula. There are some, as magnesia, that produce their effect by absorbing the acid generated in the alimentary canal and thus become converted into a purgative salt. There are others, as aloes, that expend their principal force upon the rectum and great intestines, and for this reason are very advantageously employed in diseases of the lower bowels and of the uterus and its append- ages. These remedies should always be given on an empty stomach: if administered immediately after a full meal they arrest the di- gestive process, are liable to produce nausea, if not vomiting, and do not open the bowels with the same certainty or effect. When simple costiveness is to be removed, the evening may be selected for the exhibition of a cathartic. If this should not prove sufficient, we can repeat the dose in the morning and at regular intervals through the day until the effect is produced. The principle, says Dr. Paris, which should govern our conduct in the administration of purgatives, may be briefly stated.— The excitement is to be repeated till the requisite action is induced, yet no single excitement being such as may prove an irritant to the organ. But in the treatment of many diseases it is preferable to purge through the day in order that the sleep of the patient may not be disturbed at night. 40 CATHARTICS. !■' The operation of these remedies maybe very much accelerated by the free exhibition of diluent drinks, such as gruel, barley water, &c. &c. By combination we are enabled to modify and control the ac- tion of many remedies, and some of the most drastic purgatives may be made to operate mildly and yet certainly by uniting several of them in the same dose. Finally, the operation of a cathartic may often be promoted by judicious venesection ; and if spasm of the intestines be present, opium may be advantageously joined with the purgative. POWDERS. Powder with Calomel and Jalap. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. v. Pulveris jalapae, grs. x. Misce et signa.—To be given in molasses or sirup. Powder with Calomel, Jalap and Rhubarb. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. v. Pulveris jalapae, -------rhei, aa grs. v. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. j, Misce et signa.—To be given as the former. Powder with Magnesia and Rhubarb. R. Pulveris rhei, 9j. Magnesias, 9ss. Olei cinnamomi, gtt; j. Misce et signa.—To be given in sirup, or sugar and water. The operation of magnesia may be effectually obtained by giving the patient lemonade, or a solution of super-tartrate of potassa, as a drink. Powder with Calomel and Rhubarb. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Pulveris rhei, aa grs. v. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. j. Misce et signa.—To be given in molasses. CATHARTICS. 41 \ Powder with Jalap and Bitartrate of Potassa. ) R. Potassae bitartratis, 3ij. I Pulveris jalapae, 3j. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—Of these, give one every two hours in molasses or sirup. Compound Powder of Jalap and Gamboge. R. Potassae bitartratis, 3"ij. Pulveris jalapae, 3"j. ------- gambogiae, grs. vj. Misce, divide in chartulas vj et signa.—To be given as directed in the preceding prescription. The compound powder of jalap has long been celebrated in dropsical affections ; but it also forms a very convenient purge in many inflammatory cases. In order to increase its certainty and activity, we may conveniently add the Gamboge, as in the above formula. Powder of Aloes, Canella Alba, 8fc. R. Pulveris aloes, 3jss. ------- canellae albae, grs. xviij. ------- serpentariae virginianae, grs. vj. Misce, divide in pulveres vj et signa.—One every three or four hours in sirup. This compound, the hiera picra of the shops, forms a very good purgative, and is usually employed as an emmenagogue. Powder with Sulphate of Potassa, fyc. R. Potassae sulphatis, 3J- Pulveris rhei, 9iss. ------- anthemidis, 3j. Tere in pulverem, et divide in doses equales vj. Signa.—Take one twice a-day in sugar and water. In dyspepsia and torpor of the bowels. Powder of Sulphur and Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Sulphuris sublimati, 3ss. Potassae bitartratis, o> Misce et signa.—Mix in a sufficient quantity of molasses, and give a teaspoonful four or five times a-day to children. In some diseases of the skin. 42 CATHARTICS. W It should be always recollected that sulphur promotes insensible m perspiration in a very marked degree, and hence renders the pa- V tient more liable to be affected by vicissitudes of climate. Powder with Milk of Sulphur and Calcined Magnesia. R. Sulphuris praecipitati, vel lactis sulphuris, Magnesiae, aa. 3ss. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful to be taken four or five times a-day. This preparation is better adapted to delicate stomachs than the former. Either of them forms a good aperient during an altera- tive course of medicine. Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartrate of Antimony. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, Ij. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. ss. Misce et signa.—To be dissolved in six ounces of water, and taken for a dose. By combining tartar emetic with this and other purgative salts, we promote at the same time a gentle diaphoresis; which, in many inflammatory affections, is very desirable. Powder with Tartrate of Soda, Tartaric Acid, fyc, vulgo, Seidlitz Powders. R. Sodae et potassae tartratis, 3ij. Sodae bicarbonatis, 9ij. Fiat pulvis et signa. To be dissolved in half a tumbler of cold water. R. Acidi tartarici pulverizati, grs. xxv. Signa —Dissolve in an equal quantity of water with the above and mix them both together. To be taken while in a state of effervescence. This is a very popular medicine, and justly so; it is a gentle aperient, and may be taken by persons whose stomachs would reject any of the ordinary saline preparations. Phosphate of Soda. R. Sodae phosphatis, Ij. CATHARTICS. 43 This salt so much resembles in taste the common table salt, that it may be conveniently taken in a bowl of broth. It is a mild purgative. PILLS. Pills of Calomel, Jalap, #c, known as Grijitts1 Cathartic Pills. R. Pulveris jalapae, ------ rhei, Saponis, aa 3ss. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. xxv. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, grs. iss. Aquae destillatae, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa. Divide in pilulas xxv. Signa.—Two of these pills may be taken at once, and repeated in two hours, if not sufficient. This combination of purgatives with the tartrate of antimony, forms an excellent anti-bilious remedy; and, in cases of fever, prepares the alimentary canal for the reception of other remedies. Pills of Blue Mass, Aloes, Sfc. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, Pulveris jalapae, ------- aloes, aa. grs. xv. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xij. Signa.—Three may be taken at night, and the same dose repeated in the morning, if the first is ineffectual. Pills of Blue Mass, Soda, fyc. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, grs. ix. Pulveris rhei, Sodae bicarbonatis, aa. grs. xij. Syrupi rhei aromatici, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilu- las xij. Signa.—One, twice or three times a-day, as an alterative in de- rangement of the liver. Br. Hartshorne. Powdered Charcoal. R. Pulveris carbonis, oj. Of this a teaspoonful may be given in milk, molasses, or sugar and water; and repeated as often as may be necessary to keep the bowels in a soluble state. 44 CATHARTICS. Charcoal occasionally accumulates in the bowels and occasions the most distressing constipation. When it fails, therefore, to operate promptly, some other purgative should be given. It may be observed that charcoal is exceedingly well adapted to many cases of dyspepsia, enabling the patient to digest more and a greater variety of food, than he can without it. The safest and most effectual mode of using it is to dust it over the aliments in the same way as pepper. Pills of Rhubarb and Soap. R. Pulveris rhei, 5"j. Saponis albi, grs. x. Aquae destillatae, q. s, ut fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—Three for a dose. To remove costiveness or produce a gentle evacuation in de- bilitated habits. Pills of Aloes and Rhubarb. R. Pulveris rhei, -------aloes, aa. 3ss. Saponis albi, quantum sufficit ut fiant pilulae xxv. Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken occasionally, in habitual costiveness and in dyspepsia. Pills of Rhubarb, with Sulphate of Iron, fyc. R. Pulveris rhei, 3iss. Ferri sulphatis, 3ss. Saponis albi, 9ij. Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulis xl. dividenda. The intention of these pills is obviously to remove costiveness and impart tone to the bowels. They were a favorite medicine with Dr. Griffitts, late of this city. Three or four may be taken lor a dose at bed-time. Pills with Aloes, Gentian, fyc. R. Pulveris aloes, 3j. Extracti gentianae, 3ss. Olei carui, gtt. x. Syrupi simplicis, quantum sufficit. The mass to be divided into pills, each one weighing grs. iv.- Signa.—Two or three for a dose. CATHARTICS. 45 Pills of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. j. Micae panis, q. s. ut fiant pilulae iv. Signa.—One every hour until they operate. This powerful remedy has lately been restored to the materia medica. One drop is a full dose, and frequently less will answer every purpose. Pill with Aloes, Ipecacuanha, §c. R. Pulveris aloes, 3ss. ------- ipecacuanhae, grs. iv. Saponis, 9ij. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. Signa.—Two or three for a dose; and to be repeated when ne- cessary. These pills, like other of the aloetic preparations, from their specific action on the rectum will sometimes restore suppressed hemorrhoids. Aperient Pills. R. Aloes, Pulveris rhei, aa. oj. ------- ipecacuanhae, gr. vj. Saponis veneti, 9j. To be divided into sixty-four pills.—As a simple aperient, one may be taken every night at bed-time; but where a full purga- tive effect is desirable, the dose is two or three. Pills with Assafcetida and Aloes. R. Assafcetidae, Pulveris aloes, Saponis albi, aa. 3ss. Aquae destillatae, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa in pilulas xxv. dividenda. These pills are usually kept made by the apothecaries, but the physician may prefer them recent, and we therefore insert the formula. If preferred, the prescription may be altered by substi- tuting rhubarb for aloes. Three or four pills are sufficient for a dose. 46 CATHARTICS. Pills with Extract of Butternut, Jalap, fyc. R. Extracti juglandis, 3ss. Pulveris jalapae, 9j. Saponis, grs. x. Misce et fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken for a dose, and if they do not operate, two or more may be safely administered. The extract of butternut, either alone or in combination, is highly recommended as a cathartic in fevers, dysentery, &c. Pills of Blue Mass, and Colocynth. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, extracti colocynthidis, aa. grs. v. Olei carui, gtt. ij. Fiant pilulae, ij. These constitute an active cathartic. Confection of Sulphur. R. Sulphuris sublimati et loti, liss. Confectionis sennae, Iij. Potassae nitratis, 3J. Syrupi aurantii, q. s. ut fiat confectio. Signa.—From one or two drachms may be taken once or twice a-day. In haemorrhoidal affections. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth and Calomel. R. Extracti colocynthidis compositi, grs. xlviij. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis 9j. Misce, et divide in pilulas xx. Signa.—Two or three of these pills will generally act as a ca- thartic. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, fyc. R. Extracti colocynthidis compositi, 9j. ------- jalapae alcoholici, grs. vj. Pulveris scamraoniae compositi, grs. x. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. x. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Saponis veneti, grs. v. Olei cassiae, gtt. iv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv. Signa.—One, two, or three to be taken at bed-time.—Dr. Meigs. CATHARTICS. 47 Pills with Aloes and Blue Mass. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, 9j. Pulveris aloes, grs. xxv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv et signa. One every two hours until they operate. In cases of constipation depending upon deficiency of bile. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, fyc. fyc, commonly called FothergiWs Pills. R. Extracti colocynthidis compositi, 3iss. *Antimonii oxidi illoti, 3ss. Misce et divide in pilulas xxx.—One of these pills will generally produce a free evacuation; but two or more may be taken when required. Pills with Aloes, Guaiacum, fyc. R. Pulveris guaiaci, 3> - - <^'"' ------- aloes, grs. xxxvj. * ------- rhei, 3'ij. Balsami canadensis, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa in pilulas xlviij dividenda. Signa.—One to be taken every three hours. This combination forms a highly stimulating cathartic. Electuary of Senna and Figs. R. Pulveris sennae, Iss. Pulpae ficus, quantum sufficit ut fiat electuarium. Signa.—A piece the size of a marble, night and morning, in costiveness. * This preparation of antimony was formerly known by the name of calx an- timonii illota. 48 CATHARTICS. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Oleaginous Mixture. R. Olei ricini, Ij. Pulveris acaciae, 3"ij. Sacchari albi, 3j. Misce secundem artem, et tunc adde gradatim— Aquae menthae, fliv. Signa.—A tablespoonful every hour and a half or two hours, until it purges. It is of some consequence, in preparing this mixture, to shake the oil and powders well together before adding the water, which should be poured in gradually, agitating it after each addition; or combine the whole in a mortar. Mixture of Oil of Turpentine, fyc. R. Olei terebinthinae, flj. Pulveris acaciae, ------- sacchari albi, aa 3ij. Aquae menthae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours until it operates. This preparation must be made in the same manner as the oleaginous mixture. Mixture with Magnesia, Assafcetida, fyc. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ss. Tineturae assfoetidae, gtt. lx. -------opii, gtt. xx. Sacchari albi, 3~i. Aquae destillatae, flj. Misce et fiat mistura.—Twenty-five drops may be given to an in- fant of two or four weeks old ; in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c. This preparation was strongly recommended and much em- ployed by the late Dr. Dewees of this city. If the calcined magnesia be used, it unites with the resin of the assafoehda, forms an almost solid mass at the bottom of the ves- sel, and defeats the object of the prescription. CATHARTICS. 49 .Mixture of Carbonate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ss. --------j- sulphatis, 3iij- Spiritus ammoniae aromatici, f5"j. Tincturoe rhei, f ,5ss. ,-------■ hyoscyami, f^ss. Aquae menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A large tablespoonful to be taken two or three times a-day. Dr. Meigs. Oleaginous Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei ricini, fliss. Vitellum ovi, j. Sacchari albi, 3ij- Olei terebinthinae rectificati, f Iss. Aquae menthae, fliv. Misce optime et signa.—A large tablespoonful may be taken every hour or two, according to circumstances. This preparation is much used by some of our best practi- tioners in cases requiring a brisk and stimulating cathartic. It has also been recommended as a purgative after the effects of an over-dose of opium have been partially subdued by preliminary remedies. .Mixture of Oil of Spurge. R. Olei euphorbiae lathyris, gtt. viij. , Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. 3j. Aquae menthae, flj. Fiat mistura et signa.—One half of this mixture may be given at once, and repeated in two hours if the bowels are not moved. The oil of Spurge is an old remedy, lately revived and intro- duced to notice by the Italians. The European oil is stated to be as mild as castor oil, and as prompt and efficacious as croton oil, in the above doses. The oil prepared from beans grown in this country is said to be much more acrid, occasioning both nausea and griping. 4 50 CATHARTICS. Mixture of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. j vel ij. Mucilaginis acaciae, Aquae destillatae, aa flj. Misce et signa.—To take a teaspoonful every two hours until it operates. Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. viij. Potassae, grs. vj. Aquae destillatae, f^ij. Fiat solutio et signa.—From three to six drops may be given for a dose. This is a substitute for the soap of croton oil proposed by the French, which is more troublesome to make. Mr. Conwel states, that four drops of this oil rubbed on and round the umbilicus, will produce a cathartic effect; even the odor of it has been known to excite the alimentary canal, either as an emetic or purgative. Solution of Epsom Salts with JYitric Acid. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, Iss. Tincturae jalapae, f3j. Acidi nitrici, gtt. ij. Aquae menthae, flij. Misce et signa.—To be taken for a draught. The nitric acid is said to destroy in a great measure the bitter faste of the salt. Infusion and Tincture of Senna, Sfc. R. Infusionis sennae, fS'vj. Tincturae sennae, f^ij. Mannae, s'\}. Magnesiae sulphatis, Iss. Aquae Menthae, ----- destillatae, aa, fliss. Misce et signa. One-half to be taken for a dose, and repeated if it does not operate. This was a very common prescription of the late Mr. Abernethy, of London. CATHARTICS. 51 Purgative Draught of Buckthorn, §c. R. Foliorum sennae, Z\]. Sulphatis sodae, Iss. Aquae, fliv. Syrupi rhamni, flj. The water should be added boiling hot, and the infusion then cooled and strained. A few grains of Jalap maybe substituted for the Sirup of Buckthorn. Mixture of Magnesia, Rhubarb, 8fc. R. Magnesiae, 3ss. Pulveris rhei, gr. ij. ------- sacchari albi, 3j« - Essentiae menthae piperitae, gtt. vj. Aquae destillatae, fliss. Fiat mistura et signa. A teaspoonful to be given every two hours to children, until it operates. This preparation is designed for the bowel complaints of chil- dren, in which it is very serviceable. Laudanum can be added according to the age and condition of the patient. Magnesia and Blue Pill. R. Magnesiae, 3iss. Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa q. s. Aquae, fliv. Pilulae hydrargyri, gr. iv. vel viij. Olei anisi, gtt. iv. Misce et signa.—To take a tablespoonful every two hours until it operates freely. An alterative cathartic. Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, Ij. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. ss. Succi limonis recentis, flj. Aquae destillatae, fliij. Misce et fiat solutio.—A tablespoonful to be given every two hours until it operates. 52 CATHARTICS. Infusion of Senna, Sulphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Foliorum sennro, 3vj. Mannae optimae, Magnesiae sulphatis, aa Ij. Seminum cardamomi, 3ij- Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water until cold, and half a teacupful given every hour until it operates. Infusion of Senna. R. Foliorum sennae, 3vj. Mannae, Ij. Seminum cardamomi, 3ij. Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water until cold; one-half to be taken at once; and if insufficient, the re- mainder in two or three hours. This infusion will keep longer if a little tincture of senna be added to it. Decoction of Prunes. R. Fructus pruni, liij. Aquae, Oiij. Decoque ad libras duas.—Used as a mild laxative. Infusion of Senna with Rhubarb, fyc. R. Foliorum sennae, S'vj. Mannae, Ij. Radicis rhei contusae, 3ij- Seminum cardamomi, 3ij- Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for one hour. Half a teacupful given every hour till it operates. Compound Tincture of Senna; vulgo, Warner's Cordial. R. Tincturae sennae compositae, flj. Direct a tablespoonful, mixed with double.the quantity of water, as hot as it can be drunk, to be taken for a dose, in cases of violent pain of the stomach, where a cordial purgative is required ; to be repeated according to circumstances. CATHARTICS. 53 Decoction of Aloes, fyc. R. Extracti glycyrrhizae, Iss. Potassae carbonatis, 3ij. Aloes spicatae extracti, Myrrhae contritae, Croci stigmatum, aa. 3j- Tincturae cardamomi compositae, fliv. Aquae destillatae, Oj. Boil down all the ingredients, except the last, with the water to twelve fluid ounces, and strain ; then add the compound tinc- ture of cardamom. The dose of this decoction is from half an ounce to an ounce and a half. It is a mild, warm cathartic. Wine of Colchicum. R. Vini colchici saturati, flss. Signa.—Ten or twrenty drops of this may be taken in sugar and water, morning, noon, and night. The preparations of col- chicum not unfrequently produce violent vomiting, and require to be continued with great caution. In rheumatism and gout. The above preparation of the Colchicum or meadow saffron is made both of the bulb and seeds, but is most powerful when the bulb is used. The ordinary dose is twenty drops three times a-day, which may be repeated until it affects the stomach, pulse, or bowels, when it should be immediately discontinued, and its use resumed with caution. Colchicum and Magnesia. R. Magnesiae, 3j- Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa q. s. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Vini colchici, gtt. xl. Fiat mistura et signa.—To take a tablespoonful every two hours until it operates. This preparation is much used in gouty and rheumatic affec- tions. Laudanum can be added if requisite. 54 CATHARTICS. Scudamore's Mixture of Colchicum and Epsom Salts. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, Ij ad Iij. Aquae menthae, fix. Aceti colchici, flj. Syrupi croci, flj. Magnesiae, 9viij. Fiat mistura.—Dose, one, two or three tablespoonsful, repeated every two hours, until four or six evacuations are produced in twenty-four hours. Chiefly used in gouty paroxysms. Pills of Veratria. R. Veratriae, gr. ss. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s. ut fiat pilulae vi. Signa.—One of these may be given, and if purgative effects do not follow, three may be given in one day. The active principle of Veratrum album has been separated, and the name of Veratria bestowed upon it. It is extremely poisonous, and therefore to be taken with grjeat caution. Its only recommendation is, that it is more certain in its operation than the preparations noticed above. Great caution is necessary in continuing its use. Tincture of Veratria. R. Veratriae, grs. iv. Alcohol, flj. Fiat tinctura et signa.—This may be given in doses of ten, fifteen, or twenty drops, in a wineglass of water. It is designed as a substitute for the Vinous Tincture of Colchicum, in dropsies, gout, rheumatism, &c. The Tincture of Veratria is recommended as an external appli- cation in the diseases above mentioned. For this purpose also the ointment is proposed. Solution of Sulphate of Veratria. R. Veratriae sulphatis, gr. j. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat solutio Dose, a dessertspoonful. This solution is said to be a good subsitute for the Eau Medicinale of Husson, in gouty affections. ■*, ?. J Magendie. CATHARTICS. 55 Tincture of Aloes, fyc. R. Pulveris Aloes socotrinae, -------anisi, aa. Iij. Spiritus vini gallici, Oij. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, from one-third to half a wineglassful, three times a-day. The above is highly spoken of by Dr. R. Pindall in hemor- rhoidal affections. He considers it almost a specific, notwith- standing the prejudice against aloes in these affections of the rectum. Mixture of Elaterium. R. Elaterii, gr. j. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, flij. Tincturae scillae, Oxymellis colchici, aa flss. Syrupi, flj. Fiat mistura et signa.—To take a teaspoonful three or four times a-day in a little water. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar, who re- commends it in the several forms of dropsy, and particularly in Hydrothorax. Tincture of Aloes and Canella Alba, vxdgo, Tincture ofHiera Picra. R. Tincturae aloes cum canella, flj. A teaspoonful may be taken every hour or two hours, until it operates. Electuary with Jalap, Nitrate of Potash, fyc. R. Pulveris potassae bitartratis, ------- radicis jalapae, ------- potassae nitratis, aa Iss. • . Confectionis sennae, Ij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat electuarium.—Of which a bolus the size of a hazelnut may be taken three or four times a-day. This preparation once gained considerable celebrity as a popu- lar remedy for hemorrhoids. 56 CATHARTICS. Electuary with Sulphur. R. Sulphuris sublimati, Iss. Confectionis sennae, liss. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat electuarium. — A teaspoonful ni-ht and morning for a dose, in the disease above mentioned. ENEMATA. Enemata, used either as auxiliaries to or substitutes for cathar- tics, very properly succeed that class of remedies. They are employed to fulfil other indications, and the different preparations will be noticed under their appropriate heads. It is usual to direct three times the quantity to be given for an enema that is required for a dose by the mouth. For the purpose of procuring a discharge from the bowels this rule may generally be observed ; but in some of the powerful remedies occasionally administered, as opium and tobacco, it might be attended with serious consequences. The following are the proportions recommended by Professor Chapman in the ordinary enemata for persons of different ages :— A child between the ages of one and five years old, from liv. to lyj. A youth of ten or fifteen years, half a pint; and an adult, from a pint to a quart, according to circumstances. Enema with Oil, Salt, fyc. R. Olei ricini vel olivarum, flij. Syrupi sacchari rubri, flij. Sodii chloridi, li. vel Iij. Infusi lini tepidae, Oj. Fiat enema.—One-half to be administered at once, and the re- mainder in half an hour or an hour if the first produces no evacuation. The molasses in this preparation may be omitted without loss, and water substituted for the flax-seed mucilage. In fact there is no better enema than simple salt and water at the ordinary temperature; and sea-water fresh from the ocean answers the same purpose. CATHARTICS. 57 Enema with Sulphate of Magnesia, fyc. R. Sulphatis magnesia1, vel sodae, Iij. Olei olivarum, flj. Aquae tepidae, Oj. Fiat enema et signa.—To be exhibited in the manner directed above. Enema of Colocynth. R. Colocynthidis medullae incisae, 3j- Aquae bullientis, fix. Sodii chloridi, Iss. Mannae, Ij. Boil the Colocynth in the water for ten or fifteen minutes and strain; then add the other ingredients. Employed in obstinate constipation. Enema of Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthinae, fljss. Vitelli unius ovi, Solutionis acaciae, vel Infusi lini tepidi, Oj. Misce.—To be administered secundum art em. Venice turpentine may be substituted for the oil directed in this prescription ; and either of them, if required, may be given in larger quantities. Enema of Infusion of Senna and Epsom Salts. R. Infusi foliorum sennae, Oj. Magnesiae sulphatis, Iij. Misce.—One-half to be exhibited as an enema, and the remainder if necessary. Enema with Tartrate of Antimony. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, 9j to 3ij. Solutionis acaciae tepidce, Oj. Misce.—Exhibit as the former. 58 CATHARTICS. Dr. Chapman recommends this preparation as one admirably calculated to overcome constipation which resists the ordinary remedies. It is very powerful, and requires great care in its management. Tobacco Enema. R. Tabaci, 3ss. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Make an infusion in the usual manner and use the half as an ene- ma. It must be cautiously administered, as death has followed its imprudent exhibition. In case of great consequent prostra- tion, the rectum should be at once washed out with copious injections of water or other simple diluents, accompanied by the internal use of stimulating drinks, and the application of mustard over the region of the stomach. CLASS III. DIURETICS. The rules for the administration of this class of remedies are few and simple. Where there is much arterial excitement, a judicious use of the lancet should precede the employment of diuretics, and the pa- tient kept cool to avoid perspiration. In order to insure the full effect of diuretics, diluent drinks should be freely given, and especially those containing some diuretic medicine. POWDERS AND PILLS. Powder of Bicarbonate of Potash. R. Potassae bicarbonatis, 9ss. This powder may be most agreeably taken in a bottle of Seltzer water, and repeated three or four times a-day. The same quantity of bicarbonate of soda maybe administered in the same manner, or in a wineglass of distilled mint water. Powder of Squill, fyc. R. Pulveris scillae, grs. vj. ------- potassae nitratis, 3j- Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be given thrice a-day in sugar and water. Some aromatic, such as cinnamon, may be added to this pre- paration if the stomach is irritable. 60 DIURETICS. Powders of Uva ursi and Soda. R. Pulveris uvae ursi, 3iss- Sodae bicarbonatis, 3j« Misce, divide in chartulas xij. et signa.—One three times a-day in sugar and water. In nephritic complaints and other affections of the bladder. Pills of Digitalis, Calomel, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris digitalis, grs. xij. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. vj. Opii, grs. iv. Confectionis rosae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xij et signa.—One to be taken every eight hours. In Hydrothorax and Ascites. Pills of Balsam of Copaiva. R. Copaibac, 5ij. Magnesiae, grs. vij. Misce in mortario. Copaiva requires for its solidification one seventeenth its weight of pure magnesia, but it will not always become solid even in these proportions, as the balsam suffers change by age. The mix- ture thickens in about six or eight hours and acquires oreater solidity by time. The mass may be formed into pills of four grains each, of which two may be taken three or four times in the day. They answer all purposes of the liquid balsam. Powder of Ergot and Cubebs. R. Ergotae, 9ij. Pulveris cubebarum, Ij. ------- cinnamomi, 3ss. Sacchari purificati, 3j. Divide into eight powders, of which one may be given three or ■ four times a-day. In leucorrhoea and gleet. Dr. Ryan. DIURETICS. 61 Pills of Extract of Dandelion. R. Extracti taraxaci, 3ss. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij.—One to be given morning, noon, and night. In Dropsy, and diseases of the urinary apparatus. Extract of Dandelion and Blue Mass. R. Extracti taraxaci, 3ss. Pilulae hydrargyri, grs. v vel x. Pulveris uvae ursi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae x et signa.—One to be taken morning, noon, and night. In Dropsy complicated with disease of the liver. Pills of Squill and Calomel, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Pulveris scillae, aa grs. xij. Confect. rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa, one night and morning, in dropsies depending upon visceral derangement. This preparation is one of the most celebrated of the diuretics, especially when disease of the liver is the cause of effusion. When the calomel affects the mouth it should be omitted, and the squill combined with some other diuretic. Pills of Carbonate of Soda. R. Sodae carbonatis exsiccati, 5j- Saponis albi, 9ij. Aquae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxx.—Three to be taken three times a-day. Chiefly adapted to calculous affections. Pills of Calomel, Digitalis, fyc. R. Pulveris scillae exsiccatae, grs. iv. ------- myrrhae, 9j. ------- digitalis foliorum, grs. x. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, grs. vj. Simul tere et adde— Assafcetidae, 3ss. Extracti gentianae, q. s. Ut fiat massa, in pilulas xv dividenda. Signa, one nighty and morning. ^r- Paris. 62 DIURETICS. Turpentine Pills. R. Terebinthinae albae, 5j. Divide in pilulas xv et signa. One four or five times a-day. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Mixture with Tincture of Caniharides, fyc. R. Tincturae cantharidum, Spiritus aetheris nitrici, aa. gtt. Ix. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquae menthae sativae, flij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A teaspoonful may be taken every three or four hours, desisting if strangury should supervene. Mixture of the Spirits of Nitre, fyc. R. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, flj. Tincturae scillae, f3ij. Fiat mistura.—Of which give a teaspoonful five or six times in the day, with the following infusion :— R. Baccarum juniperi contus. Ij. Potassae bitartratis, Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—A teacupful for a dose with the above mixture. Solution of Cream of Tartar. R. Potassae bitartratis, Ij. Aquae, Oij. Fiat solutio. To be freely drunk through the day. Mixture of Acetate of Ammonia, fyc. „R. Liquoris ammoniae acetatis, flij. Potassae acetatis, 3ij- Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every three hours for a dose. Infusion of Parsley. R. Petroselini, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum et cola. A teacupful may be taken with a teaspoon- ful of spiritus nitri dulcis, every three or four hours. DIURETICS. 63 A popular and very useful remedy for strangury arising from blisters. Mixture of Tincture of Jalap, fyc. R. Tincturae jalapae, f5ij. Aceti scillae, f3j - Aquae menthae, flj. Fiat haustus.—To be taken three times a-day. Infusion of Juniper Berries, fyc, in Cider. R. Juniperi contusi, Seminum sinapis, Radicis zingiberis, aa. Iss. ------- armoraciae contusae, ------- petroselini, aa#;j. Succi fermenti pomorum, Oij. Fiat infusum.—Of which a wineglassful may be taken three or four times a-day. The above compound was recommended by the late Dr. Par- rish, in cases of general dropsy which admit of stimulation, and in which the urinary secretion is deficient. The cider should be old and sound. Oil of Juniper Berries. R. Olei juniperi, flss. Signa.—Five drops to be taken every three hours in sugar, gra- dually increasing the dose and using diluent drinks. Oil of Juniper, fyc. R. Olei juniperi, gtt. viij. Sacchari albi, Gummi acaciae, aa3iss. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful to be taken every hour or two hours. Infusion of Juniper Berries, fyc. R. Juniperi contusi, liss. Potassae bitartratis, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Of this a teacupful may be taken four or six times a-day; adding to each 40 drops of the sweet spirits of nitre. In general and local dropsy. 64 DIURETICS. Mixture of Colchicum, Squill, fyc. R. Oxymellis colchici, .---------scillae, Tincturae nicotiana?, aa flss. Misce. Take a teaspoonful in a little water four times a-day. If requisite the spiritus atheris nitrici may be added in the same quantity. This forms the diuretic drops of Dr. Ferriar, and re- quires to be given with great circumspection. Infusion of Digitalis, fyc. R. Digitalis, 3ss. Aquae bullientis, Oss. Macerate for three hours, then strain.*-Dose for an adult, half a tablespoonful two or three times a-day. The prostrating effect of digitalis should always be kept in mind by the practitioner; and the rule that when it acts upon the stomach, the bowels, the pulse or the kidneys, it should be discon- tinued, cannot, when we consider the power of the article, be too scrupulously observed. Mixture of Digitalis, Potash, fyc. R. Infusi digitalis, fliv. Tincturae digitalis, f5i- Potassae acetatis, f3j. Tincturae opii, gtt. x. Fiat mistura et signa.—Half a tablespoonful three or four times a-day. Mixture of Spirits of Turpentine, fyc. R. Olei terebinthinae, gtt. c. Pulveris acaciae, ------- sacchari, aa 5j- Aquae menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful four or five limes a-day, aided by some diuretic drink. This remedy is used with great benefit in nephritic complaints, and especially in the passage of calculi through the ureters. DIURETICS. 65 Diuretic Liniment. R. Tincturae scillae, -------- digitalis, aa flij. Misce.—Employed with good effect as a liniment in symptomatic anasarca. M. Rullier. Decoction of Cainca. R. Radicis caincae, 3ij. Aquae, Oiss. To be gradually reduced by heat to one-half. Dose—a table- spoonful three times a-day.—In Dropsy. This root is derived from the chiococca anguifuga, a Brazilian plant, which has of late been extensively and efficaciously em- ployed in Europe. It occasions watery evacuations and diuresis, whence its use in dropsy.—Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 108. Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Squill, fyc. R. Carbonatis potassae, 3j. ... Succi limonis, q. s.. a^d satu'randum, Tincturae scillae,* flss. --------opii, gtt. xxx. Aquae cinnamomi, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every two or three hours through- out the day. The vinegar or oxymel of squill, if preferred, may be substi- tuted in this preparation. We use the tincture because it is more uniform, and less liable to spontaneous changes. Mixture of Wine of Colchicum, fyc. R. Vini colchici, fS'ss. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3J- Aquae cinnamomi, ----- destillatae, aa. fliij. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful three times a-day. The vinum colchici is recommended by some European writers in that particular form of dyspepsia dependent on duodenal irri- tation ; taking care at the same time to employ occasional laxatives. 5 A 66 DIURETICS. r Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. R. Tincturae seminum colchici, -------- digitalis, aa f3j". Spiritus aetheris nitrici, fjj. Misce. Dose—twenty drops on a lump of sugar. Given as a diuretic in dropsy. Infusion of Uva Ursi. R. Uvae ursi, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Pour the water boiling hot on the leaves, and let them macerate for twelve hours. To be taken cold, from half a pint to a. pint, daily. Chiefly used in gonorrhoea and irritable bladder. Mixture of Balsam Copaiba. R. Copaibae, Spiritus aetheris nitrici, aa. flss. Pulveris acaciae, -------sacchari, aa. 3j. Spiritus lavftidulee, f^ij. Tincturae opii, f^j. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat mistura secundum artem et signa. A tablespoonful three times a-day. This remedy is more especially used in gonorrhoea, and is con- sidered by Professor Chapman as a specific in that disease. A preferable mode of exhibiting balsam copaiva, consists in drop- ping the quantity prescribed for a dose in a wineglass of water and then adding to it a small quantity of the tine, gentiance comp. The balsam collects into a globule and is surrounded by the tinc- ture, which, leaving its taste in the mouth, covers that of the nauseous balsam. Mixture of Balsam Copaiba, Cubebs, fyc. R. Copaibae, Pulveris cubebae, aa. Iss. Acaciae, 3ij- Tincturae opii camphoratae, flss. Sacchari albi, 3ij. Aquae, flviij. Misce secundum artem et signa.—A tablespoonful every three hours. ; J DIURETICS. 67 We have found this remedy, in some obstinate cases of\onor- rhoea, more efficacious than the preceding formula. The tincture of cubebs may be substituted for the powder—and the tine, opii acetat. f3j for the paregoric, if desirable. Balsam copaiva is sometimes given by the French physicians in the form of enema, for the cure of gonorrhoea. Capsules containing it are also in common use. Copaiba Bolus. R. Copaibae, 3ij. Gummi acaciae, 3y Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q: s. To be made into a bolus, one-half to be taken in the morning, the other in the evening. This formula is much used in the Parisian Hospitals, in obsti- nate gonorrhoea and gleet. Pills of Copaiba, Calomel, fyc. R. Confect. rosae, 3j- Resinae pterocarpi, 3j- Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xviij. Copaibae, 3"ij. Misce.—To be divided into pills of six grains each, and one or two to be taken morning and evening, according to circum- stances. They are employed in long-continued gonorrhoea or gleet, when the inflammatory symptoms have been removed and the discharge is owing to an atonic state of the mucous membrane. Ratier. Compound Mixture of Copaiba, fyc. R. Copaibae, ] Aquae menthae, i--f? Alcoholis, f Syrupi, J Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f^ss. Fiat mistura.—To be taken during the day in four doses, followed by demulcent drinks. In chronic gonorrhoea. 68 DIURETICS. Hydragogue Draught of Dr. Ferriar. R. Gambogiae, gr. iv. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f^j. Tincturae sennae, f^ij- Syrupi rhamni, Aquae menthae, aa. flss. Misce.—Dr. Ferriar observes, that in some cases of hydrothorax attended with imminent danger of suffocation, he has afforded immediate relief by the above draught. Infusion of Dandelion, fyc. R. Infusi taraxaci, fliv. Extracti taraxaci, o'ij. Sodae carbonatis, 3ss. Potassae tartratis, giij. Tincturae rhei, f^iij. --------hyosciami, gtt. xx. Fiat mistura et signa.—One third part to be taken three times a-day. In dropsical and visceral affections. Dr. Meigs. Decoction of Pipsisseway. R. Chimaphilae umbellatae, Ij. Aquae, Oij. Macerate for twelve hours, and then gradually boil it down to one-half. Dose—a wineglassful three or four times a-day. In Dropsy. Spirituous Decoction of Pipsisseway. R. Chimaphilae umbellatae, Iij. Aquae, flxij. Evaporate by heat to Ivj, and then add two ounces of gin. Dose —a dessertspoonful every two or three hours, with diluent drinks. In Dropsy accompanied by debility. Infusion of Scabious or Fleabane. R. Foliorum erigeri, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Misce.—Pour on the water boiling hot and infuse all night. A pint of the tea should be taken daily. Nitre or any other diuretic may be added. Prescribed in calculous and nephritic affections, in strangury, irritable bladder, &c. CLASS IV. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. Antilithics are those substances which arrest or prevent the formation of calculi in the kidneys or bladder. Lithontriptics are supposed to possess the power of dissolving calculous concretions, by acting on the substance which serves as the bond of union to the saline or acid particles composing the stone. To administer these remedies with any degree of success, re- quires a chemical knowledge of the ingredients which enter into the formation of the different calculi: attention must also be given to the properties of the urine. As derangement of the digestive organs almost always co-exists with these foreign bodies in the urinary apparatus, we shall gain a very considerable advantage by combining the remedies of this class with those which have a tendency to restore the healthy action of the stomach and bowels. When the lithic or uric, acid abounds in the urine, the alka- lies will be found to produce the greatest benefit; but where the salts are evidently of the calcareous or magnesian character, the muriatic, or some one of the mineral acids, will constitute the most appropriate remedy. POWDERS. Powders of Uva Ursi, Bark, fyc. R. Pulveris uvae ursi, ------- cinchonae, aa 3j vel 3ij« ------- opii, gr. iij. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar, who advises the patient to drink two ounces of aqua calcis after each dose. 70 ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. PILLS. Soap Pills. R. Saponis, 5j- Divide in pilulas xv et signa.—One every two hours during the day. Pills of dried Carbonate of Soda. R. Pilulae sodae carbonatis exsiccatae, xij. To be taken three or four times a-day.—As under Diuretics. SOLUTIONS, MIXTURES, &c. Solution of Bicarbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, 3j' Infusi quassiae, fliv. Tincturae calumbae, flj. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose four times a-day. Solution of Salceratus. R. Potassae bicarbonatis, grs. x vel xv. Aquae seltzer, fIvj. Misce.—Draught, to be taken three or four times a-day. Mixture of Bicarbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, 3j- Misturae amygdalae, fliv. Copaibae, f3ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. lx. Fiat mistura secundum artem et signa.—A tablespoonful pro re natd. In acute pain of the bladder. In combination with each of these alkaline preparations, de- mulcent drinks may with benefit be freely employed. Lime-water, fyc. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3ij- Aquae calcis, Oij. Fiat solutio.—Of which a wineglassful may be taken every two hours, mixed with an equal quantity of new milk. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. 71 Mixture of Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3j. Infusi gentianae, flyj. Fiat mistura.—A wineglassful to be taken three times a-day. This mixture is recommended by Mr. Brande, of London, as superior to the alkalies, in cases where uric acid abounds. Mixture of Muriatic acid in Barley water. R. Acidi muriatici, gtt. x. vel xx. Decocti hordei, flviij. Misce. Dose, a tablespoonful largely diluted, three or four times a-day.—In stone, when the calcareous properties are most ap- parent. Nitric acid has been given with the same intention, but ap- pears to be less useful than muriatic. Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthinae, 3ss. Signa.—From thirty drops to a large teaspoonful may be taken on sugar, and repeated pro re natd. See also the formula given under Diuretics. This medicine has been frequently given of late in the passage of urinary calculi down the ureters. It is stated by Dr. Physick that this remedy, proportioned in its dose to the degree of suffer- ing, affords more prompt relief than any other. CLASS Y. DIAPHORETICS. During the exhibition of this class of medicines the patient must be confined to his bed; and when diaphoresis is once excited, every precaution should be taken lest it be suddenly checked. Venesection should generally be resorted to when there is much arterial excitement with great heat of the skin, before we attempt to give diaphoretics. When the skin continues steadily hot and dry, all external warmth must be removed, and cold water freely applied to the temples, hands, feet, &c, while the room is to be kept cool by a free current of fresh air. Under these circum- stances, cold wrater may be frequently and plentifully drunk by the patient. Diaphoretics given in conjunction with these general means, will act with much more certainty than if great heat of the surface is maintained by covering the patient with heavy bed- clothes. If it be desirable to produce perspiration when the heat of the skin is not above the natural standard, we shall obtain our object most readily by placing the patient in a warm bed, giving him warm drinks freely, placing his feet in warm water, or apply- ing hot bottles, or bags of sand, to the different parts of his body. The bags of sand accommodate themselves to the inequalities of the surface, and therefore form an excellent mode of applying heat externally. Warm bricks, covered with cloths, and wetted with vinegar, may also be used advantageously. Employed in this way they form a steam-bath. The same effect may be pro- duced by conducting the vapor of alcohol through a tube, under the bed-clothes of the patient. In a few words, then, we have described the manner of pro- ducing diaphoresis under opposite states of the system. In the first instance we solicit, in the second we rather extort it. It may be proper to observe, that in the febrile affections the frequent change of linen about the patient is not only warrantable, but absolutely necessary, whilst employing this class of remedies. DIAPHORETICS. 73 Where, however, we are desirous of producing what is emphati- cally termed " a sweat" we should envelop the patient in a flannel shirt or gown, and avoid, as was before observed, every cause which may suddenly check the cutaneous discharge, and more especially purging and diuresis. POWDERS. Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, fyc. R. Pulveris potassae nitratis, 3j. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. ss. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj. Fiat pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every two hours in sirup or molasses. In febrile affections. The calomel may be omitted or employed, at the discretion of the practitioner. Powders with Opium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, fyc. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. -------ipecacuanhae, gr. vj. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iss. Potassae nitratis, 3ss. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours. Powders with Guaiacum, fyc. R. Pulveris guaiaci, -------potassae nitratis, aa. 3j. -------ipecacuanhae, gr. iij. -------opii, gr. ij. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every three hours in a little jelly or molasses. A stimulating diaphoretic, and particularly serviceable in acute rheumatism after the reduction of inflammatory symptoms. Powders of Sulphate of Potash, Opium, fyc, vulgo, Dover's Powders. R. Pulveris opii, ------- ipecacuanhae, aa, gr. vj. Potassae sulphatis, gr. xlviij. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken three times a-day. 74 DIAPHORETICS. The principal use of the salt in this preparation, appears to be to facilitate the minute division of the other two ingredients. Its crystals are extremely hard, and it should therefore be broken down and reduced to powder in a mortar at the same time with the other articles. It is one of the happiest and most useful combinations, having stood the test of time and experience with undiminished reputation. To promote its operation, warm drinks may be freely taken after each dose. Powders with Calomel, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iv. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xvj. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, gr. viij. Divide in pulveres viij et signa.—One to be taken every hour or two hours. This combination is recommended by Professor Chapman in dysentery. From its evident diaphoretic tendency we have been induced to place it under this head. Antimonial Powder. R. Pulvis antimonialis, 3j- Divide in chartulas vj et signa.—One every two or three hours in sirup or molasses. In Fevers. This powder, which has been introduced as the succedaneum of the celebrated Fever Powder of Dr. James has lately been pronounced inert by Mr. Richard Phillips, chemist of London. Learning that it had produced no effect when largely exhibited, he determined to examine it chemically, and found it to consist of peroxide of antimony, (which he says is inert,) and the phosphate of lime in mixture. But, as Dr. Paris observes, " It will be diffi- cult for the chemist to persuade the physician he can never have derived any benefit from the exhibition of antimonial powder." Powders of Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony, Calomel, fyc R. Antimonii sulphureti praecipitati, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa gr. vj. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j. Fiant chartuke vj et signa.—One to be taken morning and even- ing, with double or even triple proportion of the ingredients, it necessary. In cutaneous diseases. DIAPHORETICS. 75 Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Lemon-juice, fyc, vulgo, Neutral or Saline Mixture. R. Succi limonis recentis, fliss. Potassae carbonatis, q. s. ad saturandum, Sacchari albi, 3j vel 3ij- Antimonii tartratis, gr. ss. Aquae destillatae vel menthae, f liij. Misce.—A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. In Fevers. This preparation is one of our most agreeable diaphoretics. Its powers are decidedly increased by the addition of tartar eme- tic ; which, however, may be omitted, and the sweet spirits of nitre substituted, if preferred. Solution of Citrate of Potash. R. Potassae citratis, 3ij- Aquae destillatae, f liv vel flvj. Olei limonis, gtt. ij. Sacchari albi, 3ij- Misce.—A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours.—This pre- paration is a good substitute for the preceding one, and is in several respects to be preferred. Spirits of nitre maybe added. Pills of Antimonial Powder, Calomel, fyc. R. Pulveris antimonialis, gr. x. Opii pulveris, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. gr. ij. Confectionis rosae, q. s. Fiant pilulae aequales quatuor. Signa.—Two to be taken at bed-time. In acute rheumatism. Pills of Tartar emetic, Camphor, fyc. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis tartarizati, gr. ij. Pulveris opii, gr. vj. Camphorae, gr. xxxvj. Alcoholis, gtt. iij. Confect. rosae, q. s. Fiat pilulae xj et signa.—One to be taken every fourth hour. 76 DIAPHORETICS. Pills of Red Sulphuret of Mercury, fyc R. Hydrargyri sulphured rubri, Pulveris serpentariae, aa. 3ss. Syrupi, q. s. Fiat pilulae xij et signa.—Two of these to be taken three times a-day. They are alterative as well as diaphoretic, and are useful in herpetic and other obstinate cutaneous complaints. Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony, fyc—Plummer's pills. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Antimonii sulphureti, aa. 3ss. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j- Copaibae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae lx. Three pills to be taken night and morning. These pills were recommended by Professor Plummer, in lep- rosy, secondary syphilis affecting the skin, gleets, old ulcers, &c. &c. The decoction of guaiacum generally accompanies their use. Anodyne Pills. R. Extracti opii, gr. x. Antimonii sulphureti praecipitati, gr. xij. Potassae nitratis, gr. xxiv. Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae vj. Signa.—One at bed-time, in rheumatic affections. To diminish pain and produce diaphoresis. M. Recamier. Effervescing Draught. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3ij. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Misce et fiat solutio. R. Succi limonis recentis, Aquae destillatae, aa. flij. Misce et signa.—Mix two tablespoonsful of the lemonade with one of the alkaline solution, and let it be drunk while effer- vescing, to be repeated pro re natd. DIAPHORETICS. 77 This preparation differs from the neutral mixture more in the mode of exhibition than in any other important particular. It is of great value when irritability of the stomach precludes the use of ordinary diaphoretics. Sweet Spirits of Nitre, with Antimonial wine, fyc R. Tincturae opii, gtt. xxv. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3j. Vini antimonii, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, flss. Fiat mistura.—To be given at a dose, and repeated pro re natd. Dr. Chapman observes in his Therapeutics—that " this com- bination very frequently acts as a diuretic in dropsy, and has more than once, within my knowledge, removed the effusion in this disease, under circumstances the least to be expected." Sweet Spirits of Nitre, fyc. R. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3j- Vini antimonii, f^ij. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful may be taken every hour or two hours, in barley-water, during the hot stage of intermittent and other fevers. Water of Acetated Ammonia, fyc R. Liquoris ammoniae acetatis, flij. Aquae cinnamomi, flj. Vini antimonii, f^j. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful every two or three hours. Tincture of Tolu with Wine of Antimony, fyc R. Tincturae tolutani, f^v. Pulveris acaciae, 3iij. Sacchari, gj. Vini antimonii, f3j. Aquae cinnamomi, flij. Fiat mistpa et signa.—A tablespoonful three or four times a-day. This is a stimulating diaphoretic, and will be found serviceable in pectoral diseases accompanied with an excessive mucous dis- charge depending on debility of the bronchial membrane. 78 DIAPHORETICS. Mixture with Camphor, Antimonial Wine, fyc. R. Misturae camphorae, flss. Aquae ammoniae acetatis, flss. Vini antimonii, gtt. xx. Tincturae opii, gtt. xx. Misce et signa.—To be taken at bed-time, or oftener, but in the latter case diminishing the quantity of laudanum. For the prescription for Mistura camphorata, see Stimulants. Mixture with Guaiacum, fyc R. Pulveris guaiaci, 3"ij. ------- potassae nitratis, 2>iss. Pulveris acaciae, 3j- Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, 9j. Aquae destillatae, vel menthae, flviij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful three or four times a-day. This preparation, if made without the extract of liquorice, is disposed to turn green, which gives it an unpleasant appearance, and sometimes induces the patient to refrain from it until the physician arrives. It is employed principally in rheumatic cases. Sirup or Rob Anti-syphilitique of Lajfecteur. R. Sarsaparillae, Arundinis phragmitis, aa Ixxx. Florum boraginis officinalis, Iviij. Sennae, Rosae albae, aa Iij. Sacchari, Mellis, aa ftvj. Boil the sarsaparilla and marsh reed grass in nine pints of water for one hour; strain off the decoction, and pour the same quan- tity of water on the residuum, which is to be boiled for two hours: towards the end of the boiling add the borage flower, senna, and rose leaves, and then strain off, and to both decoc- tions add the sugar and honey, and boil the whole to the con- sistence of a sirup. DIAPHORETICS. 79 The dose for a man is six tablespoonsful, and for a woman four, taken without addition, at six in the morning. The sarsaparilla ptisan is then to be commenced, and is made as follows:— Boil Iij of sarsaparilla in three quarts of water, to two quarts, suffer it to infuse'duringthe night, and strain it off in the morning. This is to be drunk by the tumblerful, and several are to be taken during the day. The above preparation has been asserted, by the New York Medical Society, to be nearly identical with the noted Panacea of Swaim. It is believed that corrosive sublimate is often intro- duced into these nostrums at the discretion of the vendor. That both the French and American have frequently salivated, is well ascertained. Decoction of Burdock. R. Radicis arctii lappae, liij. Aquae, Oiij. Reduce the fluid by boiling to two pints, and strain. A teacupful may be taken for a dose, five or six times a-day. In syphilis, scurvy, arthritic affections, &c. Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezerei, 3vj. Aquae, Ovj. Reduce by boiling to ftiv., and near the end of the decoction, add radicis glycyrrhizae glabrae, Ij. Strain, and give from one to four pounds per diem, as the stomach will bear it. In scro- fula complicated with syphilis, &c. Decoction of Lobelia syphilitica. R. Radicis Lobeliae syphiliticae, Iss. Aquae, Oxij. Boil down to Ifeviij., and strain. Commence with half a pint daily, and increase it to two pints per diem, until free purging is induced ; then omit it for three or four days, and resume and continue in this way until a cure is effected. Applicable to secondary syphilis, and to diseases depending on the excessive use of mercury. For a variety of decoctions of similar character, see Swediaur on Syphilis. 80 DIAPHORETICS. Solution of Citrate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Succi limonis recentis, Ij. Ammoniae carbonatis, q. s. ad saturandum. Sacchari, 3j- Aquae destillatae, vel menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re natd. This preparation is seldom employed in the practice of this city. It may, however, be beneficially given, as a pleasant sti- mulating diaphoretic. Infusion of Boneset. R. Eupatorii, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for thirty minutes in a covered vessel; then decant and take a wineglassful every hour, till perspiration is freely induced. The infusion must be taken as hot as it can be drunk; other- wise, it may produce vomiting. Decoction of Sarsaparilla, fyc. R. Give of the compound decoction of sarsaparilla, a teacupful four or five times a-day. This preparation, the formula for which is to be found in almost any Pharmacopoeia, has long been celebrated in the sequelae of syphilis and the disease produced by the improper exhibition of mercury. It is also much employed in rheumatism. The rules laid down in the Dispensatories for the preparation of the decoc- tion should be closely observed. Infusion of the Asclepias Tuberosa, or Pleurisy Root. R. Radicis asclepiadis tuberosae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oiss. Fiat infusum et signa.—A teacupful to be taken warm, as fre- quently as the stomach will bear it. Professor Chapman observes of this plant—" As a diaphoretic, I think it is distinguished by great certainty and permanency of operation, and has this estimable property, that it produces its effects without increasing much the force of the circulation, raisino- the temperature of the surface, or creating inquietude and restless" ness."—Therapeutics, vol. i. p. 347. DIAPHORETICS. 81 Decoction of Barley, with Nitrate of Potash. *R. Decocti hordei, Oj. Potassae nitratis, 3ij- Succi limonis, flj. Fiat potus.—To be used warm as a common drink. Infusion of Pipsisseway. R. Chimaphilae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—A teacupful every two hours. Mixture of Muriate of Baryta, fyc R. Barii chloridi, Ferri chloridi, aa. 3ss. Aquae destillatae, Syrupi corticis aurantii, aa. flj. Fiat mistura et signa.—The dose may be from ten to twenty drops every three hours. In obstinate scrofulous diseases.—Hufeland. * For Decoction of Barley, see Dietetics. 6 CLASS VI. EXPECTORANTS. During the administration of Expectorants the patient should be kept warm, and if the complaint be violent, in bed. The dose of all Expectorants should be repeated sufficiently often to allay the irritation as much as possible ; for it is obvious that the act of coughing increases that very irritation which originally gave rise to it. POWDERS, PILLS, &c. Powders of Myrrh, Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Pulveris myrrhae, gr. xij. ------- ipecacuanhae, gr. vj. ------- potassae nitratis, 3ss. Misce et divide in doses quatuor. One to be taken every fourth hour. A stimulating expectorant.—Parish Pharmacologia. Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae compositi, 3ss. Divide in chartulas iij et signa.—One, two or three times in 24 hours, mixed in sugar and water. This, the Dover's powder, has been already introduced under the head of Diaphoretics, where perhaps it most properly belongs; but it often proves of such decided advantage as an expectorant, as to deserve an insertion here. Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, Opium, fyc. R. Potassae nitratis, 3j. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. -------1 ipecacuanhae, gr. iij vel vj. Misce et divide in chartulas vj, et signa.—One every two or three hours in sirup or molasses. EXPECTORANTS. 83 This preparation closely resembles the former, with the excep- tion that it contains calomel. All powders containing calomel, or other metallic preparations, should be given in sirup, as they sink when water is employed as the vehicle. Pills of sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. R. Zinci sulphatis, gr. x. Pulveris myrrhae, 3iss. Confectionis rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. This prescription is taken from the Pharmacologia of Dr. Paris, who recommends two of the pills to be taken twice a-day. It is principally used in pertussis; but a more efficient direction would be to give a pill every two hours. Dr. Paris remarks, that the principal nostrums for whooping-cough, are formed either of opium or sulphate of zinc. Pills of Conium, Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Extracti conii, Pulveris ipecacuanhae compositi, aa gr. x. Misce et fiant pilulae v.—Of which two may be taken at bed- time. In pulmonary irritation, attended with rheumatic and other local pains. Pills of Tartar Emetic, fyc. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, Opii, aa gr. iss. Pulveris tragacanthae, gr. x. Confectionis rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxv. Two to be taken night and morning. In chronic pulmonary catarrh. Dr. Pariset. Pills of Squill, Ammoniac, fyc. R. Pulveris scillae, gr. xxx. Ammoniaci, 5iss. Extracti conii, gr. xxx. Divide into xxx pills; of which two may be taken twice a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. 84 EXPECTORANTS. Pills of Squill, Calomel, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij. Scillae recentis, Ammoniaci, aa. 9j. Pulveris ipecacuanhae compositi, 3ss. Confectionis rosae, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xxx. One three or four times a-day. In troublesome cough. Dr. Latham. The recent squill is greatly preferred by some physicians. It is generally given in double the dose of the dried root. Pills of Sulphate of Zinc R. Zinci sulphatis, 9ss. Confect. rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx.—One of these pills may be given three times a-day. In phthisis and pertussis. Tar Pills. R. Picis liquidae, 3j- Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xxx. vel xl.—One to be taken every three or four hours. Pills of Tar, Gentian, and Quassia. R. Picis liquidae, 3j- Extracti quassiae, gr. xx. Pulveris gentianee, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx et signa.—To take a pill morning, noon and night. Tar may be advantageously made into pills with powdered gentian alone, and thus combine the tonic and expectorant effect. Pills of Calomel, Squill, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xxiv. Pulveris scillae, 3ss. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. vj. Pulveris opii, gr. xviij. Fiant pilulae xxiv, et signa.—One every night. In catarrhal af- fections. EXPECTORANTS. 85 Pills of Myrrh, fyc. R. Myrrhae, 3iss. Scillae exsiccatae, o'ss. Extracti hyoscyami, 9ij. Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxx.—Two to be taken night and morning. These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in phthisis and catarrh attended with great debility of the pulmonary organs. Lozenges with Liquorice, Opium, fyc R. Pulveris acaciae, ------- extracti glycyrrhizae, ------- sacchari, aa 3ij- ------- opii, gr. vj. Olei anisi, gtt. iv. Misce et adde— Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiant trochisci lx et signa.—One of these may be dissolved in the mouth three or four times a-day. These are the well-known Cough lozenges of the late Dr. Wistar. Emetina Lozenges. R. Emetiae coloratae, gr. xxxij. Sacchari albi, Iij. Divide into lozenges, each weighing ten grains. One of these will produce more or less nausea in a child; but if this is not desirable, they can be given in divided portions. Adults may take several at intervals of two hours, without the risk of vom- iting. Cubeb Lozenges. R. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij. Tolutani, gr. vj. Syrupi myroxyli, Extracti glycyrrhizae, aa Ij. Acaciae, q. s. Mix, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. These are called Spitta's lozenges, and are celebrated for the relief they afford in coryza. 86 EXPECTORANTS. MIXTURES, SIRUPS, &c. Mixture with Extract of Liquorice, fyc, vulgo, Brown mixture. R. Pulveris extracti glycyrrhizae, ------- acaciae, aa 3ij- Aquae ferventis, fliv. Misce, fiat solutio et adde— Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3j. Vini antimonii, f3J. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl vel Ix. Signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose, pro re natd. In catarrh. Mixture with Sirup of Squill, fyc * R. Syrupi scillae, flss. Tincturae opii camphoratae, f5ij. Vini antimonii, fsj. Pulveris acaciae, 5ss. Aquae destillatae, fliij. Misce et signa, a teaspoonful every two or three hours. This is more particularly designed for children. Compound Sirup of Squill, vulgo, Coxe's Hive sirup. R. Syrupi scillae compositi, flj. A small teaspoonful may be given to a child of one year old every quarter, half, or one hour, according to the violence of the dis- ease, and until vomiting ensues; then discontinue it. The following is perhaps a more eligible compound. R. Infusi senegae, fliv. Syrupi ipecacuanhae, flj.- Oxymellis scillae, f3iij- Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Fiat mistura et signa.—A teaspoonful, pro re natd, for children of two years of age and upwards. In croup. EXPECTORANTS. 87 Infusion of Seneka. R. Radicis senegae, 3ij- Aquae bullientis, flvj. Syrupi tolutani, Ij. Ammoniaci, 3ss. Misce.—A tablespoonful every two hours. In catarrh. Mixture of Extract of Conium, fyc. R. Extracti conii 3j- Tincturae opii camphoratae, flss. Syrupi tolutani, flss. Aquae rosae, fliv. Misce et signa.—From half to a whole teaspoonful may be given once in four hours to a child a year old, watching the effect. Dr. Pearson, in his work on pertussis, recommends the above as a valuable formula. Mixture of Almond Emulsion, fyc R. Misturae amygdalae, flv. Vini ipecacuanhae, Tincturae scillae, aa f3j. Syrupi tolutani, f3vj- Misce et signa.—Take a tablespoonful whenever the cough is urgent. Almond emulsion is prepared by removing the skin of sweet almonds by immersing them in hot water, (called blanching,) then beating them with some sugar to a pulp in a mortar, and adding water gradatim until an emulsion of sufficient consistence is formed. It is then to be strained. White Linctus. R. Amygdalae dulcis, xv. Tragacanthae, 9j. Syrupi, flj. Olei amygdali, f^ij. Aquae florum aurant: f3ij. ---- destillatae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose, frequently through the day. In* catarrh. S8 EXPECTORANTS. Mistura Moschi. See Antispasmodics. Mixture of Oil of Amber, fyc. R. Olei succini, gtt. lxxx. Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. Iss. Tincturae tolutani, f5"ij. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat mistura secundum artem et signa.—A tablespoonful every two or three hours. In spasmodic cough. Mixture with Carbonate of Potash, fyc. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3ij- Vini antimonii, f3j. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, f3ij. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat mistura.—And let a tablespoonful be taken every hour or two hours. Mixture with Bicarbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, gr. xij. Vini ipecacuanhae, gtt. xx. Tincturae opii, gtt. iv. Aquae destillatae, flj. Misce et signa.—Give a teaspoonful every two or three hours. This preparation is designed for children, and is chiefly used in pertussis. J Solution of Carbonate of Potash with Cochineal. R. Potassae carbonatis, 9j. Pulveris cocci, 9ss. Sacchari, 5j. Aquae destillatae, fliv. ^tLeehiura"0086 ^ ChiMren' a teasP0™M every two or A popular remedy in pertussis. EXPECTORANTS. 89 Mixture with Tincture of Digitalis, fyc R. Tincturae digitalis, f3j. --------opii, gtt. lx. Aquae destillatae, flij. Misce.—A small teaspoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. In haemoptysis and in incipient phthisis. Solution of Assafcetida, fyc. R. Assafoetidae, 3j. Aquae, fliv. Fiat solutio, et adde— Tincturae tolutani, flss. --------opii, gtt. xx vel xl. A teaspoonful to a child every two hours, and a dessertspoonful (or more) as frequently to an adult. This preparation is of great value in pertussis and other spas- modic diseases of the chest. Tincture of Blood root. R. Tincturae sanguinariae saturatae, Ij. Direct from 30 to 50 drops twice in the day. This native product is one of the most powerful medicinal agents. It is violently emetic in large doses, but in the quantity recommended is said to produce diaphoresis and effects analogous to those of digitalis. Its active principle is called sanguinarina. Solution of Gum Ammoniac, fyc R. Ammoniaci, 3j- Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat solutio, et adde— Oxymellis scillae, flij. Tincturae opii camphoratae, flss. A tablespoonful may be given every two hours. A stimulating expectorant. 90 EXPECTORANTS. Mixture with Milk of Assafcetida and Acetate of Ammonia. R. Assafoetidae, 3ss. Liquoris ammoniae acetatis, Aquae menthae, aa flij. Fiat mistura.—A teaspoonful to children, and a tablespoonful to adults, in coughs, pro re natd. This simple solution of assafcetida is frequently employed, and is found to answer every purpose of more complicated prescrip- tions. Mixture of Copaiba and Balsam Tolu, fyc R. Copaibae, Tolutani, Pulveris acaciae, aa. Iss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful, pro re natd. In chronic whooping-cough. When there is hectic excitement, digitalis may be added. Tincture of Tolu with Digitalis, fyc. R. Tincturae tolutani, fliss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, f5ss. Tincturae digitalis, f3j- Vini antimonii, f3ij. Mellis despumati, fliss. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, 3ss. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful to be given, according to circumstances. Mixture with Balsam Peru, fyc R. Myroxyli, 3ss. Acaciae, q. s. Aquae cinnamomi, ----- destillatae, aa. flss. Misce et signa.—To be taken at once, and repeatedyhree or four times a-day. EXPECTORANTS. 91 The different balsams were at one time almost proscribed from the class of expectorants, on account of their stimulating qualities. Copaiba, however, and some others of this class, are now much employed in diseases of the pulmonary mucous membrane; and the author has himself prescribed it with great advantage in the peculiar hoarseness that follows measles. Tar Water. R. Picis liquidae, Oij. Aquae, cong. Mix them, and stir them together with a wooden rod for an hour; then let the tar subside, strain the water and keep it in well- corked bottles.—A pint, or even two pints, maybe taken daily; but in some cases the dose must be greatly diminished. Decoction of tar and bran, sometimes called Jew's beer, or Wine of tar. Water, three quarts, Wheat bran, one quart, Tar, one pint, Honey, half pint. To be simmered together for three hours, and when cool add a pint of brewer's yeast, and let it stand for thirty-six hours. Then bottle it. Dose—a tablespoonful morning, noon and night. Mixture of gum Ammoniac and Nitric acid, called Nitric lac ammoniac. R. Ammoniaci, Bijss. Acidi nitrici, f5\j. Aquae, f I viij. Pour the nitric acid and water together, then add the compound gradually to the gum, incorporating them well in a composition mortar. A tablespoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. This preparation is strongly recommended in protracted catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, by Dr. J. Stuart, author of a treatise on Colds. 92 EXPECTORANTS. Mixture of Spermaceti, fyc R. Cetacii, 3ij- Sacchari albi, ^iij. Tincturae opii camphoratae, flss. Aquae, f I viij. Rub the spermaceti and sugar together with the yelk of an egg, then gradually mix the water.—A tablespoonful for a dose, four or five times a-day. In Catarrh. Sirup of Tolu with Belladonna, fyc R. Extracti belladonnae, gr. viij vel xij. Vini ipecacuanhae, f5j. Syrupi senegae, flss. ------tolutani, fliijss. Misce et signa.—To take a teaspoonful three or four times a-day, freely using gum water acidulated with lemon juice. In Coughs. Infusion of Flaxseed, fyc R. Lini, Ij. Radicis glycyrrhizae, Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oij. Macerate for two or three hours near the fire in a covered vessel; strain, and add lemon juice sufficient to make it agreeable. It may be given as a common drink in catarrh. Decoction of Iceland Moss. R. Cetrariae, Ij. Aquae, Oiss. Boil to one pint, and strain. This article once acquired great celebrity in coughs; but was overrated, and lost its reputation. It contains a bitter quality, which is sometimes an advantage in dyspepsia and phthisis. From this it may be freed, if necessary, by macerating before boiling, and throwing the first liquor away.. To be taken ad libitum. EXPECTORANTS. 93 Prussic or Hydrocyanic Acid. As prussic acid rises to the top of an aqueous mixture, thereby rendering the dose very uncertain, we prefer directing the patient to drop the dose each time into a solution of gum Arabic or sim- ple sirup. It should be kept covered from the light, and not allowed to be accessible to those unacquainted with its power, as even a strong inhalation will sometimes prostrate an adult. The physician should also know after what process the acid is made that he prescribes. That of Scheele, who discovered it, affords an acid containing some water, and this may be unequal at differ- ent times. The process of Gay Lussac yields a fluid free from admixture, and of course much more energetic than the former. Magendie directs the prussic acid of Gay Lussac to be diluted with 8.5 times its weight of water, and this he denominates me- dicinal prussic acid. This remedy is doubtless very efficacious in some diseases, but it is to be regretted that it is liable to such inequality of strength. We are told by Magendie, that left to itself in close vessels, it decomposes sometimes in less than an hour, and can scarcely be kept over fifteen days. This is to be understood only of the acid of Gay Lussac. The prussic acid of Brande, as kept in our shops, may be commenced in doses of a drop three times a-day in mucilage of gum Arabic, or sugar and water, and augmented one drop daily, until its action on the system is fully displayed. Magendie directs the following, among other formulae, for the exhibition of his medicinal Prussic acid. Pectoral Mixture. R. Acidi hydrocyanici, f3J. Aquae destillatae, Oj. Sacchari albi, liss. Fiat mistura et signa.—A dessert-spoonful may be taken morning and evening, and gradually increased, (if necessary), to six or eight spoonsful "in the twenty-four hours—shaking the vial each time. Prussic acid is also used externally, in the proportion of 3U to Oj, of water, or other fluids. In cancerous ulcers; dartre; and injected into the vagina in cancer of the uterus.—See Magendie's Formulary, edit. 5th, p. 66. Another mode of administering Prussic acid is the following: " In prescribing it I have mostly confined myself to a single 94 EXPECTORANTS. prescription, which is a slight modification of that recommended by Dr. Granville of London.—Let half an ounce of gum Arabic be dissolved in seven ounces and a half of water, to which add half an ounce of sirup of tolu and twelve drops of "prussic acid prepared according to the formula of the London Pharmacopoeia. Of this mixture a tablespoonful may be taken every three hours, —a medium dose which I prefer in commencing the use of so powerful a medicine."—Morton's Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption, p. 132. Cyanuret of Potassium. By dissolving this substance in eight times its weight of dis- tilled water, it becomes the hydrocyanate of potassa, which is also called the medicated solution of hydrocyanate of potassa, and is employed as a remedy in the same doses as prussic acid. It is said to exercise the same power over the system as the latter, being equally active, but with the advantage of being a more uniform and permanent medicine. It is prescribed as follows:— Mixture of medicated hydrocyanate of Potassa. R. Liquor potassii cyanureti medicati, f3j.* Aquae destillatae, Oj. Sacchari purificati, liss. Fiat solutio. Dose.—A tablespoonful night and morning, watch- ing its effects. Magendie. Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Potassii cyanureti, gr. ss. Aquae lactucae, flij. Syrupi althaeae, flj. Fiat mistura. Dose.—A tablespoonful every two hours. Magendie. Pills of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Potassii cyanureti, gr. j vel ij. Amyli, gr. iv. Syrupi, q. s. mifsaeffeDctUlSe Vlij" D°Se~a pU1 ni§ht and m°™ing, watching fnrW11/ S!Tn? 6fi0? °£thiS W°rk the Symbo1 for a» ounce <1\) ^as printed er or Th % ^ ^ ^"^ having that edition wiU Pl«»e to correct the error. The formula is correct in all the previous editions. EXPECTORANTS. 95 We cannot enjoin too much caution in the use of all the pre- parations of prussic acid, some of which are extremely variable in themselves, and all produce very unequal effects on different con- stitutions. It is questionable whether the practice of medicine has gained anything by their adoption into the Materia Medica. The various preparations of Iodine and Bromine are also used as expectorants. For the formulae, see Alteratives. Mixture of Gum Ammoniac, fyc. R. Misturae ammoniaci, fliij. Tincturae castorei, f5ss. Syrupi tolutani, flss. Tincturae opii, gtt. xx vel xxx. Aquae cinnamomi, flj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A small tablespoonful every three or four hours, in troublesome cough. Dr. Meigs. Mixture of Morphia and Tolu. R. Oxymellis scillae, liss. Syrupi tolutani, Iss. Morphioe acetatis, gr. ss vel j. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re natd. In phthisis, and other diseases attended with cough. Tolu with Morphia and Antimony. R. Mucilaginis acaciae, Oj. Syrupi tolutani, flij. Morphiae sulphatis, gr. i vel ij. Antimonii tartarizati, gr. i vel ij. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful to be given every two hours. Morton on Consumption, p. 123. Decoction of Seneka-root. R. Radicis senegae contusae, Ij. ------- glycyrrhizae, Iss. Aquae destillatae, Oiss. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose—a tablespoonful. This decoction is prescribed in pectoral diseases, and espe- cially in croup. It is sometimes too pungent, and may require to be much diluted 96 EXPECTORANTS. Infusion of Tar and Hops. R. Picis liquidi, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oij. Humulorum, Iss. Dose—a tablespoonful morning, noon and night. INHALATION. Inhalation is a means of applying remedies directly to the lungs. A good instrument for this purpose is the Inhaler of Mudge; but as a substitute the common tea-pot may be used, or a funnel inverted over a bowl. The substances usually selected for inha- lation are—the steam of warm water: the steam of vinegar, pro- duced by pouring it into boiling water; and various other articles next to be enumerated. Inhalation of Balsam Tolu. R. Tolutani, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Misce.—To be inhaled. Ether is also used alone, or impregnated. When saturated with cicuta, and inhaled from a wineglass, it is adapted to pro- tracted catarrh, pneumonia, consumption, &c. Dr. Morton ad- vises Dr. Pearson's formula, which consists in keeping a drachm of powdered cicuta in an ounce of ether for a week. A teaspoon- ful or two of this impregnated fluid may be inhaled at a time, and repeated thrice per diem.—Morton on Consumption, p. 136. The latter practitioner has more recently recommended the following formula: Ethereal tincture of Iodine and Cicuta for inhalation. R. Iodini, gr. viij. Conii, gr. xvj. iEtheris sulphurici, Iij. Macerate the ingredients together for 24 hours or more. Half a teaspoonful at a time is to be breathed from a wineglass grasped in the warm hand, and repeated twice or thrice a-day. If it does not affect the head, the quantity inhaled may be gradually increased to a teaspoonful. EXPECTORANTS. 97 The following is Dr. Scudamore's recipe for Iodine inhalation: R. Iodini, Potassii iodidi, aa gr. vj. Aquae destillatae, flv 3vj. Alcohol, flj. Mix, and use for inhalation. " I usually commence with a drachm of this mixture, proceed- ing gradually to the extent of half an ounce, (rarely more,) put- ting two-thirds the dose for the first half of the time, (10, 15, or 20 minutes,) and the other third for the remainder, always adding thirty minims of a saturated tincture of conium, with an increase if the cough be very irritable. Occasionally I add some satu- rated tincture of ipecacuanha; and when the respiration is spas- modically affected, some aetherial tincture of lobelia inflata."— Scudamore. Stramonium is particularly serviceable in asthma and con- sumption. The root is cut, dried, and smoked from a common pipe. Fumigation with tar and turpentine is also much in use. It is usually applied by placing the tar on a dish over coals, and suffering it slowly to evaporate ; but a far neater and more effec- tual mode is that practiced by Sir Alexander Crichton, viz: " an ounce of potash is added to every pound of tar, in order that the latter may be deprived of its pyroligneous acid. The two ingre- dients being well mixed, should be first boiled for a few minutes in the open air, in order to disengage any impurities, and then be kept at a simmer in the room of the patient. This is effected by putting the mixture in an iron vessel, and placing the latter over a spirit lamp, or some analogous contrivance. In this way, not only a chamber, but an entire house, is speedily pervaded by a most agreeable vapor, which, although it may at first excite some disposition to cough, both in healthy and sick persons, very soon in a majority of cases, allays this symptom, and with it a great proportion of the patient's distress."—Morton ut supra. The fumes of rosin were much employed by the late Dr. Par- rish, of this city; he directed it to be put on a hot shovel, or coals, and allow the patient gradually to inhale it. To some persons it is very agreeable, while the lungs of others cannot tole- rate it. In some cases of croup, the inhalation of ether or Hoffman's anodyne, will often procure prompt relief, and gain time for the application of general remedies. 7 98 EXPECTORANTS. Chlorine gas has also been much used by inhalation, not pure, however, but mixed or diluted with atmospheric air. For this purpose a little acid of any kind may be dropped gently on a mixture of chloride of lime, by which means the chlorine is gradually disengaged, and is inhaled as it rises; or the air of a room may be pervaded with it in like manner. It has been much commended in bronchitis and the kindred affections, but is getting into disuse from its manifest inefficiency.* * Fumigation of Chlorine. R. Sodii chloridi, Ibij. Oxidi manganesii, I v. Aquae, S5j. Acidi sulphurici, Ibj. Mix the salt and manganese, and add at proper intervals the acid and water, mingled. When used in the wards of hospitals or other infected apartments, the patients should be previously removed. For the method of preparing the different chlorides used as disinfecting agents, see Journal of the Philadelphia Col- lege of Pharmacy, vol. i. No. 4. CLASS VII. E M M E N A G 0 G U E S. Emmenagogues are those medicines which promote the men- strual discharge, or restore it when entirely suppressed. Although by some authors the specific action of these medicines on the uterus has been questioned, if not denied, yet by others, of equal authority, it has been fully acknowledged. It must, however, be observed, that amenorrhoea occurs under opposite states of the system ; and when general debility appears to be the cause of the local disease, it may be advisable to ac- company the emmenagogue with an active course of tonics. While, on the contrary, if the obstruction be the effect of a ple- thoric habit, bleeding, cathartics, &c, are essential preliminaries to the successful exhibition of a specific remedy. POWDERS. Powder of Hiera picra. R. Pulveris aloes et canellae, 3j- Divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day. This article is placed under the head of cathartics, but it is so generally employed as an emmenagogue, as to merit an insertion here. Powder of Madder. R. Pulveris rubiae tinctor., Iss. Signa.—A small teaspoonful to be taken morning, noon and night, in sugar and water. There are three or four qualities of madder, which circumstance may account for its frequent inertness. 100 EMMENAGOGUES. Powder with Savin, fyc. R. Sabinae exsiccatae, Pulveris zingiberis, aa 3j- ------- potassae sulphatis, 3'j- Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken twice a-day. Powder with Savin and Cantharides. R. Pulveris sabinae, 3j- ------- cantharidum, gr. ij. Misce et divide in pulveres iv et signa. One to be taken every night on going to bed, watching its effect. Powder of Spurred Rye. R. Pulveris ergotae, 9ij. Divide in chartulas iv.—Of which one may be taken morning and night, in sugar and water. Drs. Chapman and Dorsey have placed this substance under the head of Emmenagogues, where it seems properly to belong. Pills of Myrrh, Sulphate of Iron, fyc R. Myrrhae, Ferri sulphatis, aa. 9ij. Potassae carbonatis, Saponis, aa 3ss. Fiat massa, in pilulas xl dividenda.—Of which two may be taken morning, noon and night. In suppression of the catamenia. Hooper's Pills. R. Ferri sulphatis, 9j. Pulveris sennae, ------- jalapae, -------potassae bitartratis, aa 9ss. ------- zingiberis, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat massa, in pilulas xxv. dividenda. The patient is directed to take three twice in the day, followed by five or ten drops of the tinctura ferri muriatis in a glass of some bitter infusion. This compound is sold by the apothecaries as a patent medi- cine. EMMENAGOGUES. 101 Pills of Aloes, Sulphate of Iron, fyc R. Ferri sulphatis exsiccati, 9j. Pulveris aloes, 9ij. ------- caryophylli, gr. v. Terebinthinae venetae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. One to be taken three times a-day. DECOCTIONS, TINCTURES, &c. Decoction of Seneka. R. Radicis senegae contusae, Ij. Corticis aurantii, q. s. Aquae, Oj. Let the seneka simmer over a slow fire until the fluid be reduced one-third; add the orange-peel, cover until cool, and then strain. Dr. Chapman observes—" My rule in the administration of the medicine in these cases, (of amenorrhoea,) is to give about four ounces of the decoction, more or less, during the day, according to the circumstances of the case. But at the time when the men- strual effort is expected to be made, and until the discharge is actually induced, I push the dose as far as the stomach will allow, having given as much as two ounces every hour."—Therapeutics, vol. ii. p. 38. Infusion of Ergot. R. Ergotae contusae, 3ij- Aquae bullientis, flvj. Fiat infusum.—To be given by spoonsful, in protracted parturi- tion occasioned by deficiency of contractile power in the uterus. For the same purpose the powder may also be given in doses of 9j, as well to assist in arresting uterine hemorrhage, as to pro- mote the expulsion of the placenta. Decoction of Ergot. R. Ergotae, Ij. Aquae, Oiiss. Boil gradually down to two pints, and give a tablespoonful occa- sionally. Used in the same circumstances as the infusion. 102 EMMENAGOGUES. Tincture of Ergot. R. Ergotae, liiss. Alcoholis diluti, Oj. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. This is the formula used in Guy's Hospital. Dose twenty drops to a drachm. Sirup of Ergot. R. Ergtoae, gr. xx. Extracti opii, gr. f. Syrupi, I viij. M.—Dose, an ounce (two tablespoonsful) pro re natd, in engorge- ment of the uterus. Lisfranc Decoction of Madder. R. Pulveris rubiae tinctor. Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add— Caryophylli contusi, 3j- Signa.—When cool, strain and give a wineglassful every three hours, a short time before the expected return of the menstrual discharge. See Dewees on Females, p. 74. Mixture of Camphor, fyc. R. Camphorae, 9j. Alcoholis, q. s. ut fiat pulvis: dein adde— Pulveris acaciae, 3j- Sacchari, q. s. Aquae cinnamomi, Ij. Fiat mistura. This mixture would more properly appear under the head of Narcotics, but as Dr. Dewees considers it particularly efficacious in dysmenorrhcea, we have given it a place with Emmenagogues. He directs " one-half the above draught to be given the instant pain is experienced, and if not relieved in an hour or two the remainder to be given."— Syst. of Midwifery, p. 158. Tincture of Hellebore. R. Tincturae hellebori nigri, f§). Signa.—Half a teaspoonful three times a-day, gradually increasing the quantity, and watching its effect. EMMENAGOGUES. 103 Tincture of Hellebore, Myrrh, fyc R. Tincturae hellebori nigri, Iss. -------- myrrhae, Ij. --------cantharidum, 3ij- Fiat mistura.—Dose, thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little sugar and water. Tincture of Savin, fyc. R. Tincturae sabinae compositae, Ij. --------hellebori nigri, Iss. --------castorei, 3ij. Fiat mistura et signa.—To take forty drops three times a-day, in any vehicle. Tincture of Guaiacum, (Dewees.) R. Pulveris guaiaci, liv. Sodae et potassae carbonatis, 3iss. Pulveris pimentae, Ij. Alcoholis diluti, Oj. Misce.—" Digest for a few days.—The volatile spirit of ammonia to be added pro re natd, in the proportion of a drachm or two, to every four ounces of tincture." The above formula is different from that adopted in the Phar- macopoeias, for which reason we have inserted it here. Dr. Dewees remarks that after nearly thirty-five years' experience with this tincture, he has never known it to fail in restoring the suppressed catamenia, when the suppression was an idiopathic disease. He gives it morning, noon and night, in doses of a tea- spoonful in a little sweetened milk; and sometimes in a little Madeira, Sherry, or Teneriffe wine. It is occasionally necessary to continue the medicine for some weeks, on which occasion, the dose must be judiciously augmented.—Syst. of Midwifery, p. 149. Volatile Tincture of Guaiacum, fyc. R. Tincturae guaiaci ammoniatae, flj. Copaibae, flss. Misce.—Signa.—A teaspoonful two or three times a-day. In cases of amenorrhoea connected with general debility. 104 EMMENAGOGUES. Saturated Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, 9ij. Alcohol, flj. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, f^ij. Fiat tinctura et signa.—From five to ten drops twice a-day, gra- dually increasing it. We are informed by M. Durand, apothecary of this place, that the above is a saturated tincture. It is prescribed in amenorrhoea, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, &c. From its great activity it requires to be cautiously administered. Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Potassii iodidi, 3j. Aquae destillatae, flj. Fiat solutio et signa.—Dose, fiveto twenty drops. Injection of Aqua Ammonice, fyc. R. Liquor ammoniae, gtt. xx. Lactis, flj. Misce et signa.—This quantity to be thrown into the vagina three or four times a-day, in amenorrhoea. Tincture of Cantharides, (Dewees.) This tincture, as prepared from the formula of Dr. Dewees, differs from that kept in the shops in strength only. Ten drops may be taken three times a-day, and gradually increased; and, it necessary, until strangury is induced. Mixture of Muriate of Iron, fyc R. Tincturae chloridi ferri, -------- aloes compositae, aa. Iss. -------- castorei, 3ij. Fiat mistura et signa.—Take ten to thirty drops three times a-day in a wineglassful of chamomile tea, or cold water. EMMENAGOGUES. 105 Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Tincturae aloes et canellae, flj. Signa.—A teaspoonful may be taken three times a-day in sugar and water. Compound Tincture of Aloes. R. Tincturae aloes et myrrhae, flj. Dose, a teaspoonful pro re natd. CLASS VIII. ANTHELMINTICS. Anthelmintics are medicines employed to destroy and bring away worms from the alimentary canal. They are also termed Vermifuges. The only unequivocal proof of the existence of worms in the alimentary canal is the ejection of some of them per anum, or, as sometimes happens, by the mouth. When, in such cases vermi- fuges are resorted to, they must be persevered in for several days, with the occasional intervention of an active cathartic. POWDERS. Calomel with Gamboge. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. v. Pulveris gambogiae, gr. vj vel x. Misce.—For an adult. To be taken in sirup early in the morning. Gamboge is sometimes given in doses of fifteen or twenty grains for the tape-worm, and is highly spoken of in such cases. Calomel with Pink-root. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iv. Pulveris spigeliae, gr. x. Misce et signa.—To be taken two mornings in succession, and on the afternoon of the second day, followed by a dose of castor oil or senna and manna.—For children upwards of four years old. ANTHELMINTICS. 107 Pink-root with Savin, fyc. R. Pulveris spigeliae, --------sennae, aa. 9ij. --------sabinae, gr. xij. Fiant chartulae vj.—One every morning till three are taken, then give a dose of castor oil; if the effect is not produced, the re- mainder may be exhibited after the same manner. Common Salt with Cochineal. R. Sodii chloridi, 3iij- Cocci pulverizati, gr. xv. Fiant doses vj. One every morning, following the last dose with some purgative medicine. Dr. Rush speaks in high terms of this preparation. Carbonate of Iron. R. Ferri carbonatis, Z). Divide in chartulas iij. One powder to be taken before breakfast. Of this remedy, also, the late Professor Rush had a very favor- able opinion. He gave it in doses of from 5 gr. to 3ss. to chil- dren of from one year old to ten, and sometimes in half ounce doses, with safety and success. It is chiefly used in tape-worm. See Observ. and Inquiries, p. 243. Powder of Male Fern. Give of the powder of the Male Fern root from one to three drachms, in a large cupful of any distilled water, early in the morning. If the stomach should reject it, the powder must be repeated again, as soon as the sickness has gone off, in the same quantity. When it has been upon the stomach about two hours, a strong cathartic bolus made of calomel and gamboge, (eight or ten grs. of the last and five or six grs. of the first,) must be taken, and worked off with a draught of green tea every now and then: and its operation may be still farther promoted, if necessary, by half an ounce, or 3vj. of salts, dissolved in warm water. Till the worm comes away, which generally happens on the same day, the patient is to take nothing but broth. If, however, the worm should not be discharged, either wholly or in part, the powder is jp be repeated with the same regimen, the next day. In the tape- m.—Nouffer. 108 ANTHELMINTICS. It has been suggested, and with some probability, that the purge directed to follow this medicine is the most efficient of the two. Oil of Male Fern. R. Olei filicis maris, f^ij- Acaciae, Sacchari, aa q. s. Aquae destillatae, fliij. Fiat mistura. Dose—a tablespoonful night and morning. Tin Electuary. R. Pulveris stanni, 3vj vel Ij. *Sacchari liquid!, liv. Misce.—Two or three tablespoonsful may be given early in the morning; to be repeated until the whole be taken, and then followed by an active cathartic. The efficacy of this substance is said to be increased by com- bination with sulphur, by which means sulphuretted hydrogen is generated, and the worm destroyed by the offensive gas. Larger doses are sometimes prescribed. Cowhage Electuary. R. Spicularum dolichi, 3j. Mellis liquidi q. s. ut fiat electuarium. Dose, a teaspoonful to a child two or three years old; to be given before breakfast in the mornings of three successive days, and then followed by a brisk cathartic. In lumbrici. Vermifuge Bolus. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. ij. Seminum artemisiae santonicae, gr. viij. Camphorae, gr. vj. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat bolus. To be repeated pro re natd in children of four or six years of age. Ratier's Formulary. * Molasses. Any sirup will answer the same purpose. ANTHELMINTICS. 109 INFUSIONS, DECOCTIONS, &c Infusion of Pink-root, fyc, vulgo, Worm-tea. R. Radicis spigeliae marilandicae, Iss. Sennae, 3"ij. Mannae, Ij. Foeniculi, 3ij vel Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Half a wineglassful may be given to a child of two years old, three or four times a-day. Pills of Venice Turpentine, Calomel, fyc R. Terebinthinae venetae, 3j. Extracti hyoscyami, gr. iv. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. viij. Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas singulas gr. ij. Of these four are to be taken every three hours, and during the entire period, the patient is to take only weak broth, tea or coffee. They are strongly recommended by some of the German prac- titioners in tape-worm. Infusion of Pink-root. R. Radicis spigeliae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum. Of which a child may take a tablespoonful at a dose; an adult from Ij to liv. The spigelia sometimes produces violent effects in children, whence the necessity of caution in its use. Decoction of the Geoffrea Bark. R. Corticis geoffreae, Ij. Aquae, Oij. To be boiled over a slow fire until it assumes the color of amber or Madeira wine. Dose for adults four tablespoonsful; for children two or three years old, one tablespoonful; and so in proportion to the age and strength of the patient.—The dose of the extract of this medicine is stated by Dr. Chapman to be three grains, and of the powder, 3ss. HO ANTHELMINTICS. We are not aware that the above remedy has been much em- ployed in this city. Cold water is to be avoided while using it; and if any unpleasant consequence follows its exhibition, and particularly if an over-dose has been taken, our best resource is castor oil, together with tepid water acidulated with lemon juice, or some other vegetable acid. Mixture of Worm-seed Oil. R. Olei chenopodii, 3j- Sacchari, Acaciae, aa. 3iss. Misce, secundum artem; tunc adde— Aquae menthae, flijss. A teaspoonful of this preparation may be given four times a-day for two days in succession, and then purged off with castor oil or salts. For children of three to eight years old. This is a vermifuge of considerable reputation in this country. It is generally used in lumbrici and ascarides; though wre have heard of its having been successfully given for tcenia, but in much larger doses. Spirit of Turpentine Is recommended for tape-worm, in doses of Iss to Iij daily, taken in honey. Dr. Chapman speaks highly of this remedy; but it sometimes causes strangury, and requires caution. Olive Oil and Ammonia. R. Olei olivae, f I viij. Spiritus ammoniae aromatici, f^ij. Dose, three spoonsful night and morning. This mixture is highly spoken of by some authors, and may be given in much larger quantities; if it does not purge, it should be followed by some aloetic or other cathartic preparation. Decoction of the Bark of Pomegranate. R. Corticis radicis granati, liss. Aquae destillatae, Oiss. To be boiled away one-half, and given in doses of an ounce se- veral times in the day. ANTHELMINTICS. HI " The efficacy of the bark of the root of the pomegranate, as a remedy for the tape-worm, is now well established in India."— Paris, vol. ,ii. p. 173. Aloetic Enema. R. Aloes, 3J vel ij. Lactis, Oj. Fiat enema.—The half of this may be given to a child eight or ten years old. In ascarides. Spirit of Turpentine, Ether, fyc R. Olei terebinthinae, Iss. iEtheris sulphurici, 3ij. Pulveris acaci,ae, Iss. Aquae, Ixvj. Misce et signa.—Two tablespoonsful to be taken morning and evening. In taenia. Dr. Frank. The effect of turpentine requires attention, for in some consti- tutions it causes violent strangury in defiance of every precaution. Patients should be put on their guard against this contingency. Enema of Camphor, fyc R. Camphorae, 3J. Olei olivae, Iij. Misce pro enemate. This preparation is particularly adapted to ascarides, and should be freely thrown up the rectum for three or four successive nights. No remedy is more effectual than this in relieving the intolerable itching caused by those worms. Enemata are the most certain of all remedies in ascarides; they may be made of various substances, such as solution of assafcetida, of common salt, hepar sulphuris, pure olive oil, soap, aloes, &c, &c. For children, 3"ss of aloes should be dissolved in half a gill of water; to this add a tablespoonful of sweet oil, and administer the half of the mixture going to bed. The other half the next night, if necessary. CLASS IX. EPISPASTICS. " By the ancients, all the external applications which redden or inflame the skin, were called Epispastics, and these were designated according to the several degrees of effect:—the slightest, entitled phoenigmoi; the next, sinapismi; the more active, vesicatorii; and the strongest, caustici." We shall, however, as heretofore, follow the arrangement adopted by Dr. Chapman, and divide them into Rubefacients, Blisters, and Caustics; and with him, too, we shall first speak of Blisters. As a general rule, blisters should remain on the patient six or eight hours, in order to ensure their full effect. There are indi- viduals, however, whose skins are so delicate, that a shorter application will answer every purpose; in children it is seldom necessary to leave them on longer than three or four hours. When they are applied to the scalp, twelve hours are almost universally required; and Dr. Chapman directs the hair to be shaved, if possible, some hours before the application is made. The usual dressing, when a blister is taken off, is basilicon ointment, or simple cerate, according to the urgency of the case, or irritability of the system. In order to keep it open, the weak epispastic, or savin ointment, will be found sufficient. In acute disease, these remedies ought never to precede those means which have a tendency to reduce inflammatory action. It is generally admitted, that otherwise employed, they do harm; although there are individuals of acknowledged experience who say "they can bring the patient to the blistering point at plea- sure," and in pleurisy, and some other acute diseases, apply them soon after a free bleeding. Blisters should be placed as near the affected part as possible. In fevers they are usually put on the inside of the forearms or legs, back of the neck, or between the shoulders. When the system is very prostrate, they should be applied to EPISPASTICS. 113 the inside of the thighs, or the last two places mentioned : for when the circulation is languid in the extremities, they seldom draw well, and are even liable to produce gangrene by exhaust- ing the little vitality that remains. When, from peculiarity of constitution, strangury is produced, we must take them off" after three or four hours, and bathe the part with sweet oil, or apply a poultice, giving at the same time diluent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or barley water, with the sweet spirits of nitre; camphor or parsley tea; blad- ders also half filled with warm water should be applied to the pubes. An opium suppository or injection will be found very advantageous. A poultice of ground flaxseed or starch is often serviceable, and a warm bath affords a prompt relief. Preven- tion, however, is better than cure; and in irritable constitutions, or in persons disposed to strangury, the blistering ointment, before being spread, should be rubbed up with three or four grains of opium and three or four times as much camphor, before it is spread. This preventive seldom fails. Blisters are rendered much less irritating by covering them with a fine gauze, which, if it be pressed in close contact with the plaster, will not prevent or materially retard its operation. It is seldom necessary to keep a blister on longer than to redden the skin, when a simple poul- tice will complete the vesication. In children this precaution is imperative. Epispastic Ointment. R. Cerae flavae, Resinae, Adipis, aa 3vj. Melt over a slow fire, and when at the temperature of 98° add slowly— Pulveris cantharidura, Svijss. Misce, et fiat unguentum. If the cantharides be united with the melted plaster before it is partially cooled, they are liable to be injured by the heat. In employing this ointment, the margin of the blister should be covered with adhesive plaster, in order to confine it to its place, and prevent its creating unnecessary irritation. Another mode is to draw straps across it diagonally, which plan we gene- rally prefer; it prevents the blister from rising in the middle, and thereby partially defeating its object. It is mentioned in Paris's Pharmacologia, that the flies may be deprived of their power of producing strangury by first boiling them in water. 8 114 RUBEFACIENTS. RUBEFACIENTS. The substances called Rubefacients not unfrequently vesicate on very delicate skins. The term, therefore, is relative. They are employed for the same purpose as blisters, and are often good substitutes for them. Plaster of Mercurial Ointment, Camphor, fyc R. Unguenti hydrargyri, Ij. Olei terebinthinae, Camphorae, aa 3ij' Cerati, Ij. Fiat unguentum secundum artem. Used as a rubefacient over the hypochondriac region, when blisters are precluded. Tartar-emetic Plaster. This may be made by sprinkling the powdered Tartrate of Anti- mony on the surface of a Burgundy pitch or adhesive plaster, or on one made by spreading basilicon, or simple ointment, on leather or linen. In either way the margin should be left clean. Tartar emetic requires a longer time to produce its effect than the ordinary blister; the irritation is of a peculiar and very pain- ful k*nd, and its effects must be watched-with extreme care. Tartar-emetic Ointment. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, 3j- Adipis, Ij. Misce secundum artem. This ointment, when applied to the skin, is a slow but certain means of exciting an eruption. We have given the formula of Dr. Hannay, of Glasgow, in Scotland. Dr. Jenner recommended a much larger proportion of the antimony. Tartar-emetic and Corrosive Sublimate. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, 3j. Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. v. Aquae, flj. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, f3j. Solve sales in aqua, dein adde spiritura. RUBEFACIENTS. 115 This solution is applied by wetting the fingers with it, and rubbing it on the part. The rubbing should be continued for five or ten minutes, and after some hours a pustular eruption will appear.—Dr. Hannay's essay, " De Tartratis Antimonii usu ex- terno," p. 26. It has been used in pertussis, dyspnoea, catarrh, &c, and in the removal of incipient tumors. It has been ascertained by the illustrious Jenner and others, that tartar emetic employed for an undue length of time externally, will produce violent effects on the system. We find in a note in Beck's Medical Jurisprudence, vol. ii. p. 283, that Dr. Francis mentions two cases wherein tartar emetic ointment, excessively used, produced effects similar to those at times arising from the outward application of arsenic. Majendie and Brodie ascertained by experiments upon animals, that inserted into wounds its effects resemble those produced by internal exhi- bition. Granville's Ammoniated counter-irritant, or Antidynous Lotions. These preparations act with great celerity, and are now in com- mon use. They are formed of three ingredients, mixed in certain proportions, according to the urgency of the case. 1. The first ingredient is the strongest liquor of ammonia (liquor aramoniae fortissimus) which is made by saturating a given quan- tity of distilled water, contained in a glass receiver surrounded by ice, with ammoniacal gas, obtained in the usual way from a mixture of equal parts of hydrochlorate of ammonia and recently slaked lime, both reduced to a fine powder. The water, by this process, may be made to take up nearly eight hundred times its bulk of ammoniated gas, and is three times the strength of the liquor ammoniae of the London Pharmacopoeia. 2. The second ingredient is distilled spirits of Rosemary, pre- pared by taking two lbs of the tips or small leaves of fresh Rose- mary, and eight pints of alcohol, which are infused together for twenty-four hours in a covered vessel, and after adding as much water as will first prevent the empyreumatic smell, distil over seven pints. 3. The third ingredient is spirit of camphor, made as follows: To four oz. of pure camphor, add two pints of alcohol, so as to dissolve the camphor, which solution should be filtered. Of the preceding ingredients, Dr. Granville prepares two am- moniated lotions, differing in strength, viz. 116 RUBEFACIENTS. The milder Ammoniated Lotion. (Lotio ammoniata mitior.) R. Liquoris ammoniae fortissimi, Ij. Spiritus rosmarini, 3vj. -------camphorae, 3ij- Misce. The stronger Ammoniated Lotion. (Lotio ammoniata fortior.) R. Liquoris ammoniae fortissimi, 3X- Spiritus rosmarinae, Iss. ' ------- camphorae, 3ij' Misce.* As to the method of applying these counter-irritants, we shall use the words of, their inventor, Dr. Granville. " First impreg- nate with the colorless and transparent liquid, either a piece of linen folded six or seven times to the size of the part intended to be covered, or a piece of thick and coarse flannel; and, secondly, lay either of them on the spot, pressing with the hand at the same time, very steadily and firmly, the said linen or flannel, over which there should be placed a thick towel, doubled several times, so that not only the evaporation of the lotion may be im- peded, but the hand employed in pressing the application to* the part may not suffer damage from any evaporation, or from contact with the liquid. In some parts of the body more convenient than the others, the readiest and most effectual mode of pressing down the application is, by tying over it a towel or thick bandage; but to this mode there is the objection that we cannot, under certain circumstances, infect the part as quickly and as often as required, so as to judge, from the effect of the application, when to stop, or how long to persevere in using it."f When applied to the temples, forehead, jaws, or chin, great care must be taken to prevent the effluvia from affecting the eyes and nostrils. The skin should be examined in a minute or two after the application, in order to see the effect produced. When the pain is severe after the lotion is removed, simple diluent washes, and warm water, which is perhaps the best, will speedily allay it. Vesication will generally take place in from two to five * Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 504. | Ghasville. Counter-irritation, its Principles and Practice, p. 39. RUBEFACIENTS. 117 minutes, and even in a minute in some persons: but where cau- terization is requisite, ten or twelve minutes may be necessary. The irritated or denuded surface may be dressed according to existing indications, with a simple poultice, tepid fomentations, cerate or irritating ointments. The Pommade ammoniacale of M. Gondret, which belongs to this series of counter-irritants, is made as follows: R. Adipis, 3vij. Olei amygdalarura, f3iss. Ammoniae liquidae (25°) f3vj. Melt the lard, mix the oil with it, and pour them into a wide- mouthed vial with a glass stopper; then add the ammonia, close the bottle, mix the contents together by shaking, and keep the mixture in a cool place. If the skin is to be excited, perspira- tion to be re-established, or some subcutaneous engorgement to be dissipated, light and hasty practices accomplish these objects. If a rubefacient effect is desirable, spread the ointment thickly on linen, and apply it for one or two minutes. For vesication, con- tinue the application for five or six minutes ; and by a farther continuance, absolute cauterization is speedily produced. These powerful preparations are used in a great variety of diseases, and in all cases when speedy and powerful counter-irrita- tion is demanded; as in neuralgia and rheumatic affections gene- rally, both acute and chronic ; spasms, convulsions, gout, para- lysis, inflammatory diseases of internal organs, diseases of the heart, sprains, &c. &e. Instantaneous Vesication. The French practitioners have a process for raising an instant blister. A piece of linen or paper, being cut to the requisite size, is immersed in spirits of wine or brandy, or even cologne water, or spirits of camphor, whichever is most readily obtained. It is then laid on the part to be blistered, taking care that the moisture does not wet the surrounding surface. The flame of a lighted taper is then applied quickly over the surface of the paper so as to cause ignition, which is almost instantaneous. At the conclusion of this operation, the cuticle is found detached and raised from the true skin beneath. 118 OINTMENTS. Ointment of Iodine and Calomel. R. Iodini, partem j. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, partem iss. Adipis, partes xlviij. The iodine to be first united to the lard, and then the calomel added. MM. Plane and Souberain, by whom this ointment is proposed, state that these are the only proportions that can be used, without leading to decompositions that will defeat the intention. Ointment of Iodide of Mercury, fyc. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. vj. Morphiae acetatis, gr. viij. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum. Recommended by the French physicians in glandular swellings. The morphia is supposed by them to prevent the unpleasant effects of iodine when used as an ointment. Pelletan. Ointment of red Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, 9j. Adipis, liss. Fiat unguentum.—Used to accelerate the cicatrization of invete- rate venereal ulcers. An ointment may be made in the same proportions of the deut- iodide of mercury; but should be used with more caution. Ointment of red Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, gr. xv. Adipis, Iij. Olei limonis, gtt. xx. Fiat unguentum. Employed as a curative application to syphilitic tubercles, chronic ulceration and other sequelae of venereal. Its great activity requires caution in its use. . Ratier. OINTMENTS. 119 Ointment of Iodide of Zinc R. Zinci iodidi, 3j. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum.—A drachm to be rubbed on twice a-day. In tumors. Dr. Ure recommends the above as a substitute for the ointment of iodide of potassium in glandular swellings. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Potassii iodidi, 9j. Cerati, Ij. Fiat unguentum. Applied to scrofulous swellings, when the skin is unbroken. Simple Iodine Ointment. R. Iodini, gr. iij. Adipis, 3ij. Fiat unguentum. Used as the preceding preparation. Iodine Liniment. R. Linimenti saponis compositi, flj. Tincturae iodini, f5j- Misce. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Potassii iodidi, 3ss. Adipis, liss. Fiat unguentum.—For tetter and the kindred eruptions. LugoVs Ointment of loduretted Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodini, gr. xij. Potassii iodidi, 9iv. Adipis, Iij. Fiat unguentum.—Used in scrofulous ophthalmia, ulcers, &c. 120 OINTMENTS. Ointment of loduretted Iodide of Potassium with Opium. R. Iodini, gr. xvj. Potassii iodidi, 3J. Tincturae opii, f3ij. Adipis, Iij. Fiat unguentum.—Applied to scrofulous and other ulcers. Lugol. Ointment of Cyanuret of Iron. R. Ferri cyanureti, 3j« Cetacei, Ij. Fiat unguentum. Applied to foul ulcers. Ointment of Iodide of Arsenic. R. Arsenici iodidi, gr. iij. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum. In lepra, impetigo, and other cutaneous affections. Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri cyanureti, gr. xij. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum. Ointment of Iodide of Iron. R. Ferri iodidi, 3iss. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum. Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. R. Sulphuris iodidi, partes 5. Adipis, partes 96. Fiat unguentum.—In diseases of the skin. Magendie. Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. R. Adipis, Ij. Potassii bromidi, gr. xxxiv. Fiat unguentum. OINTMENTS. 121 Ointment of Iodide of Barium. R. Barii iodidi, gr. iv. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum. For scrofulous swellings. Dr. Biett. Decoction of Turpentine and Cantharides. R. Pulveris cantharidum, Ij. Olei terebinthinae, f I viij. Boil them together for three hours, then filter. This is the process usually followed by our apothecaries; but we conceive thirty minutes' boiling would be quite sufficient, and the cantharides be less likely to be injured by the heat. It was first made by Dr. Hartshorne of this city, who has used it with great success in the typhoid state of fever. It is merely rubbed over the surface of the body. Kentish's Ointment. R. Unguenti resinae flavae, Iij. Olei terebinthinae, f3*j vel f^ss. Fiat unguentum. This preparation has long been celebrated in burns and scalds. Care is requisite to avoid touching the sound skin, for turpentine occasionally inflames it severely. Turpentine Liniment. R. Olei terebinthinae, flij. ---olivarum, flij. Tincturae camphorae, flj. Liquor, ammoniae, f3j. Fiat linimentum. Creasote Ointment. R. Creasoti, gtt. xv. Cerati, Ij. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. vj. Fiat unguentum.—In ulcers of a chronic character, and in cuta- neous eruptions. 122 LINIMENTS. Digestive Ointment of the French Hospitals. R. Unguenti terebinthinae comp. Iij. Vitellum ovi, j. Olei olivae, flij. Misce.—Used in dressing indolent wounds and ulcers. Ratier. Sulphur Ointment. R. Adipis, ibj. Sulphuris sublimati, Iviij. Fiat unguentum.—Used in friction, three to six drachms at a time. Mercurial Cerate. R. Unguenti hydrargyri, liv. Cerati, Ix. Fiat unguentum.—A dressing for venereal ulcers. Ratier. Ointment of Belladonna. R. Extracti belladonnas, 3ij- Aquae destillatae, flij. Adipis, Iij. Misce.—Employed by M. Chaussier as a direct application to the neck of the uterus, in case of rigidity. Ratier. Liniment with Camphor, fyc R. Spiritus camphorae, fliij. Acidi acetici fortis, flj. Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c. Soap Liniment, fyc R. Linimenti saponis, flij. Liquoris ammoniae, flj. Tincturae opii, flss. Fiat linimentura.—To be used as above. Liniment with Ammonia and Olive oil; vulgo, Volatile Liniment. R. Olei olivae, Liquoris ammoniae^aa. Ij. Misce.—Applied to the neck in inflammation of the throat. LINIMENTS. 123 Liniment of Ammonia and Tartarized Antimony. R. Linimenti ammoniae, flj. Ammonii et potassae tartratis, 3j- Misce.—Applied to indolent tumors, and other swellings. Liniment of Cantharides, fyc. R. Camphorae, o'iij. Solve in decocti cantharidis cum terebinthina. flss.—et adde— Unguenti hydrargyri fortis, -------- simplicis, aa Ij. Fiat linimentum.—This preparation is employed in low fever, when it is desirable to rouse the system, and at the same time affect it with mercury; also in tumors. Liniment of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, ---olivae, aa. f3ss. Fiat unguentum.—Croton oil is one of our safest and most efficient rubefacients. Rubbed for a few minutes, or sometimes even for a few moments, on the skin it produces irritation and red- ness, followed in some hours by a pustular eruption. If the effect is too severe at first, it is readily counteracted by a poul- tice, preceded by washing with mild soap and water to remove the oil. In some persons the oil may be applied pure. Lotion of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Potassii cyanureti, gr. xij. Misturae amygdalarum, flvj. Fiat lotio. In lichen, and other chronic eruptions. Liniment of Chlorine. R. Aquae chlorinae, f3j. Olei olivae, flj. Fiat linimentum.—Applied externally to itch, herpes and tinea capitis- Dunglison's New Remedies. Solution of Caustic Potash. R. Potassae 3iss. Aquae, flij. Fiat solutio.—Applied to the spine in tetanus. 124 LINIMENTS. Dr. Hartshorne speaks in high terms of the beneficial effect of this solution in the above disease. The best mode of applying it, so as merely to produce a rubefacient action, is to tie a piece of sponge to a stick or common table fork, and apply it from the nape of the neck to the sacrum. When the solution is strong, the effect is powerful. Compound Opiate Liniment. R. Tincturae opii, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici, ------- camphorae, aa. flij. Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to rheumatic parts. Also, in odontalgia, pain in the region of the ear, &c. Opiate Liniment. R. Olei olivae, flij. Tincturae opii, f3ij. Liquor, plumbi acetatis, flss. Misce. Embrocation of Acetate of Ammonia. R. Ammoniae carbonatis, Iij. Acidi acetici, q. s. ad saturandum: Alcoholis diluti, Oiss. Mix the ammonia with the vinegar, and after effervescence ceases, add the spirit. In rheumatic affections; or mixed with linseed meal, it maybe used as a poultice to chronic inflammations of the joints, &c. Liniment of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Potassii sulphureti, Ij. Aquae, Oss. Solve.—A wash in herpetic and other cutaneous eruptions. Compound Liniment of Tar. R. Petrolei barbadensis, flj. Camphorae, Iss. Alcoholis, gtt. xl. Fiat linimentum.-Powder the camphor by adding the spirit, and then mix the whole in a mortar. LINIMENTS. 125 To be applied over the joints in chronic rheumatism, &c, and especially in thickening of the ligaments. Creasote Liniment. R. Creasoti, gtt. x. Olei olivae, flj. Fiat linimentum.—In herpes, &c. Creasote Lotion. R. Creasoti, gtt. x. Aceti, f3ij. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat lotio.—Applied in phagedenic ulceration. An admirable wash for herpetic eruptions may be prepared by mixing half an ounce of Wetherill's distilled creasote water with four times the quantity of pure water. This may be applied with safety to the skin of infants; but if too active it should be still farther diluted. Camphorated Oil. R. Camphorae, Ij. Olei olivae, fliv. Tere, et fiat solutio ; tunc adde, Olei terebinthinae, liss. To be applied by rubbing with a piece of flannel. In deep-seated rheumatic pains. Epithem with Tincture of Cantharides. R. Pulveris cantharidum, 3> Alcoholis, fliv. Digest with a gentle heat for two days. Strain and add— Camphorae, Iss. To be rubbed on the parts affected. In paralysis. Epithem with Camphor and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Spiritus camphorae, fliv. Ammoniae carbonatis, Iss. Olei juniperi, ---succini, aa. fo'ij- Misce.—To be employed in the same cases as the former. 126 CATAPLASMS, ETC. Liniment of Oil of Amber, fyc. R. Olei succini, f5ij- ---olivae, flss. Tincturae opii, f3ij. Spiritus vini gallici, fliij. Fiat linimentum et signa.—To be rubbed between the shoulders. In pertussis. Cayenne Pepper and Diluted Alcohol. R. Pulveris capsici, 5ij- Alcoholis diluti, flviij. Misce.—This preparation forms an excellent rubefacient in low fever. Dr. Chapman recommends it strongly in sciatica and other rheumatic affections. In dyspepsia, and other diseases attended with cold feet, socks dusted with Cayenne pepper may be worn with advantage. CATAPLASMS, &c. Cataplasm of Pepper, fyc. R. Seminum sinapis contus. ifess. Piperis nigri, Pulveris zingiberis, aa. 3j. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. To be applied to the region of the stomach in severe pain or sick- ness; or to the soles of the feet when revulsion is required. Spice Plaster. R. Pulveris caryophyllorum, ------- cinnamomi, ------- capsici, aa Iss. Misce, et adde— Farinae, Spiritus gallici, aa q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. Let the plaster, thus prepared, be applied hot to the epigastric region. Mustard Cataplasm. R. Pulveris sinapis, Iij. Acidi acetici tepidi, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. CATAPLASMS, ETC. 127 The uses of the mustard poultice are too well known to require description. It is frequently made by adding an equal quantity of wheat or rye flour; this should always be done for children, or other persons of delicate skins. It cannot generally be borne longer than a half hour or hour. Water may be substituted for vinegar. Iodine Cataplasm. R. Tincturae iodini, flss. Pulveris lini, Ij. Farinae avenae, liij. Aquae q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. Applied to indolent ulcers, (especially those of a scrofulous cha- racter,) and to tumors of the same class. Garlic Cataplasm. The garlic cataplasm is employed with the same intention as the mustard, though much less active. It may be made by bruising the cloves of garlic, and mixing them in a common poultice of bread and milk. Onions may be substituted for garlic. Cataplasm of Common salt, fyc R. Pulveris lini, Micae panis, aa. partes aequales. Aquae sodii chloridi saturatae, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. To be applied to indolent strumous swellings, and enlargements of the joints. When it produces irritation or inflammation, the common bread and milk poultice must be substituted; and the other re-applied when circumstances permit. Cataplasm of Yeast. R. Farinae, Ibj. Cerevisiae fermentae, Oss. Misce.—This cataplasm is useful in stimulating foul ulcers and gangrenous wounds, and removing the unpleasant odor. It should be made with fresh yeast, and applied warm. Cataplasm of Charcoal. This cataplasm is made by stirring into the common bread and milk poultice as much finely powdered charcoal as it will bear. It is a very useful application to offensive ulcers ; removing in a short time the fetor, and giving them a more healthy aspect. 128 CATAPLASMS, ETC. Cataplasms are also made of carrots or turnips, by simply boil- ing them to softness, and beating them to a pulpy mass. Either furnishes a good poultice for cancerous and other painful sores. Cloves. Quilt some powdered cloves in flannel, and wring them out in hot brandy. Thus prepared, they form an excellent external appli- cation in colic, and in irritability of the stomach, &c. Emollient Cataplasm. R. Farinas seminum lini, ---------------hordei, aa partes equales. Aquae vel lactis, q. s. ut fiat cataplasma. The milk or water may be warmed if desirable. Applied to in- flammatory tumors. Antiseptic Cataplasm. R. Cataplasmatis emollientis, I viij. Pulveris kino, -------camphorae, aa 3ij- Fiat cataplasma.—Applied to unhealthy wounds and ulcers. Hotel Dieu. Resolvent Cataplasm. R. Cataplasmatis emollientis, liv. Plumbi acetatis, 3j- Ammoniae muriatis, S'ss. Fiat cataplasma.—Applicable to tumors that require gentle excite- ment. Ratier's Formulary. Warm Strengthening Plaster. R. Picis abietis, Iv. Unguenti cantharidum, Ij. Fiat emplastrum.—This plaster is applied in the same way, and used mail the cases for which Burgundy pitch is prescribed. It is very irritating, and sometimes draws a blister. BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, ETC. 129 BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, &c. The ordinary application of cold, tepid and shower baths is too well known to require any particular notice. The hot bath should be of a temperature of 93 to 96 degrees of Fahrenheit. It is de- signed to alleviate general or local irritation, and to induce repose and sleep. It is especially adapted to fevers with deficient capil- lary circulation, rheumatism, herpetic eruptions, paralytic affec- tions, &c. The lower temperature is best adapted to cutaneous complaints, and to bring on relaxation of the skin during febrile irritation: the warmer temperature is suited to paralysis; and, as a general rule, more heat is desirable to act upon deep seated than on superficial diseases. Vapor Baths are produced by the evaporation of boiling water in a suitable apparatus. They are used, like ordinary warm baths, in rheumatic and cutaneous affections, and in every case wherein profuse perspiration is desirable. They are avoided in persons laboring under pulmonary or cardiac disease, and in exhaustion from any cause. Local Baths are admirably adapted to parts which are swelled and painful, and may consist of tepid water only, or their strength may be increased by the addition of saline, emollient, narcotic or stimulant substances. Among these salt and mustard are pre- ferable. Sulphurous Water, or artificial Bareges Bath. R. Potassii sulphureti, Ifej. Aquae, cong. xxx. Mix for a bath. In cutaneous eruptions. Sulphureo-gelatinous Bath. R. Potassii sulphureti, Iij vel liv. Aquae, cong. xxx. Add to this solution, Ichthyocollae, Ibj vel Ibij in Aquae bullientis solutae, lbx. This bath, according to Dr. Green, (Diseases of the Skin, p. 240,) "is preferable to the artificial Bareges bath,as it is neither irri- tating nor apt to occasion feverishness, which the common sul- phureous water bath is. A cheaper and not less efficacious gelatine may be procured by dissolving from a pound and a-half to two pounds of parchment-clippings in water by long boiling, or by using a neat's or a calf's foot for the purpose." . 9 130 BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, ETC. Emollient Bath. To an ordinary tepid water bath, add a large cupful of thick gruel or paste, and mix it well with the water. These baths are suited to prurigo, eczema, lichen and impetigo. Nitro-muriatic Acid Bath. R. Acidi nitrici, fliij. Acidi muriatici, flj. Mix, and add to the water of a tepid bath, which should then be about as sour as distilled vinegar. Sublimate Bath. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 3\j vel Iss. Aquae tepidae, cong. xxx. Mix for a bath. Prescribed by the French physicians in syphilitic affections, when it is desirable to avoid the action of the medi- cine on the stomach. This plan is seldom resorted to, on ac- count of the great risk of employing corrosive sublimate in such large quantity. Alkaline Bath. R. Potassae carbonatis, liv vel Iviij. Aquae tepidae, cong. xxx. Mix for a bath. For promoting desquamation from the skin, and to allay itching in various forms of prurigo. Artificial Harrowgate Bath. R. Sodii chloridi, fbij. Magnesiae sulphatis, 3iij. ...r Potassae sulphureti, Ibj. Aquae, cong. xxx. Mix for a bath. FOMENTATIONS. Fomentation is a yet more restricted mode of applying fluids to the surface of the body, and is best accomplished by means of a sponge, flannel or soft cloth. To be efficacious it should be often repeated, and not allowed to get cold. FOMENTATIONS. 131 Stimulant Fomentation. R. Vini rubri, Oij. Mellis, liv. Misce.—This is an active fomentation, adapted to parts in a low state of vitality. Ratier. Saponaceous Fomentation. R. Alcoholis, Oij. Saponis, Ij. Misce.—A resolvent in indolent tumors, and in sprains. Ratier. Narcotic Fomentation. R. Opii, 3ij Aquae, Oj. Solve.—For painful affections of the joints, as chronic rheuma- tism, &c. Ratier. Narcotic Fomentation. R. Dulcamaras, Iij. Capsularura papaveris, Iij. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Employed as a soothing application to irritable surfaces. Mustard Fomentation. R. Farinae sinapis, liv. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Misce.—By wetting cloths in this fluid and applying them to the skin, irritation may be prolonged to any requisite degree. Tobacco Fomentation. R. Tabaci, 3ij vel Iss. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Misce.—Employed in psora, but is apt to produce nausea and vomiting. Its use requires great care. Fumigations are for the most part used to purify infected air by absorbing or otherwise counteracting deleterious gases. They are also employed in diseases of the skin, and may be sometimes 132 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. substituted for a local bath. The ordinary process for fumigating apartments with chlorine, has been already described. (Page 98.) Fumigations of sulphur, cinnabar, and mercury, are also in common use for medicinal purposes, and are readily applied with a proper apparatus. For Inhalations, see Expectorants, p. 105. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. Caustics or cauteries are divided into the actual and potential. The first consists of fire itself; and the second, of those substances which destroy the living solids, either by excessive stimulation, or, as some suppose, by producing a chemical decomposition. Common Caustic with Opium. R. Potassae cum calce, 3ij- Pulveris opii, 3ss. Saponis mollis, q. s. Misce.—This preparation is employed for the same purpose as the common caustic. Potassa. The causticum commune acerrimum is the pure potash: when mixed with lime, its activity is lessened, and it is then called Causti- cum commune mitius. For the best mode of applying this substance, see the remarks on Issues. As this caustic spreads rapidly and eats deeply, care should be taken not to leave it on too long, when in the neighborhood of large blood-vessels. When, however, we wish to arrest its effects, they may be neutralized at once by vinegar, or vinegar and water. Lunar Caustic This caustic is the nitras argenti deprived of its water of crystal- lization, fused and cast into moulds. Its mode of application is universally known. It is free from the inconvenience of the former. Burnt Alum. The alumen ustum is made by depriving this salt of its water,of crystallization by heat. It is applied in powder to the fungous granulation of ulcers; and, mixed with an equal part of pow- dered sugar, is used to remove specks or nebulae of the cornea. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. 133 Chloride of Zinc This is a powerful escharotic, and is safe and certain in cases that require the destruction of a considerable thickness of the living tissues; "never causing violent pain in the affected parts, or any kind of irritative fever, or disorder of the digestive organs." Hancke directs the following formula as a lotion: R. Zinci chloridi, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, flj. Misce.—Applied on lint to chronic and indolent ulcers. "The chloride of zinc may be applied as a caustic by means of a moistened hair pencil, either alone or mixed with an equal portion of oxide of zinc, or sulphate of lime, or according to the following form: Canquoin's Caustic Paste. R. Zinci chloridi, partem, j. Farinae, partem, iss. Antimonii butyri, partem, ss. Aquae, q. s. Ut fiat pasta." Dunglison's New Remedies, p. 492. Caustic Paste of Chloride of Zinc. R. Zinci chloridi, Sulphatis calcis, aa Iss. Misce.—This preparation is very liable to deliquescence, to pre- vent which a little flour may be added at the time of apply- ing it. MINERAL ACIDS. The mineral acids are all escharotics, though seldom employed, on account of the difficulty of managing fluids when used in this way. Nitric acid, much diluted, is sometimes applied to foul ulcers in warm weather, to destroy the animalcule which are apt to be generated in such sores. 134 CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. Solution of Muriate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Ammoniae muriatis, Ij. Acetici destillati, flij. Aquae, liv. Fiat solutio.—To be applied to venereal warts. Bell on Venereal. WJdte Oxide of Arsenic, or Arsenious acid. R. Acidi arseniosi, 9j. Aquae, flij. Fiat solutio. This solution is occasionally applied to cancerous sores, and was formerly used in a powder or paste as an empirical remedy. But it is now seldom employed, from the circumstance of its pro- ducing constitutional irritation. Sir Astley Cooper mentions cases in which, from its absorption when applied to open sores, partial if not complete paralysis of the limbs was the consequence. Ointment of Arsenic R. Acidi arseniosi, 5j- Adipis, Cerati cetacei, aa 3vj. Melt the cerate and lard over a slow fire, and then pour it on the white oxide of arsenic, and triturate it in a glass mortar until it is intimately united. Pharm. Chirurg.—For cancers, &c. In hot weather, arsenic may be advantageously rubbed up with basilicon, to prevent its spreading on the sound parts. A scruple of the one to half an ounce of the other, makes a strong ointment. The same care is required in its use as in using the solution. Dubois's Arsenical Powder. R. Acidi arseniosi, 3ss. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, Ij. Resinae pterocarpi, Iss. Fiat pul vis.—Chiefly used in the French hospitals as a caustic to cancerous affections. Ratier. Arsenic is sometimes applied in the form of a paste made with water, which is carefully laid over the part to be removed, and STIMULATING OINTMENTS, ETC. 135 renewed according to circumstances. When the slough forms, it should be dressed with a poultice, or with cerate spread on lint. It acts rapidly and requires watching, a remark that applies equally to all these pastes. MOXA. This is another mode of using the actual cautery; and, as it is engaging the attention of physicians, we insert the usual mode of applying it. The Chinese employ this remedy by means of the Mugwort. They separate this soft, lanuginous substance by beat- ing, and form it into a cone; the base of this is attached, by being wetted, to the skin, and the point set on fire. Dr. Boyle recommends dipping cotton in a strong solution of nitrate of potash, and enclosing pieces of it thoroughly dried in paper cylinders, about one inch in diameter, and another inch in height. Dr. Burne employs wood in a state of dry-rot, touch- wood. This only requires to be shaped properly, and burns, he says, with certainty and steadiness, and is preferable to the other modes suggested; some of which, as common cotton or lint, requiring the use of the bellows, and when they have been dipped in nitre, demanding care to prevent the scintillations from injuring the surrounding parts. The cylinders or cones of touch-wood may be confined to the skin by a little adhesive plaster fixed to the edges. It has been proposed to place pieces of cold iron in the neigh- borhood of the part while the moxa is burning, in order to render the sensations more vague, and therefore less painful. Moxa is used in diseases of the spine, paralysis, &c. &c. STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &c. Ointment of Red Precipitate. R. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, 5"j. Terebinthinae venetae, Ij. Fiat unguentum. This preparation is applied to indolent sores, and is thought by some practitioners to be a specific in itch. 136 STIMULATING OINTMENTS, ETC. White Precipitate. R. Hydrargyri ammoniati, gr. xv. Potassae nitratis, 3ss. Sulphuris, 3j- Bene terantur et adde— Adipis, Iij. Fiat unguentum. This ointment has long been celebrated in the cure of itch. Solution of Phosphoric Acid. R. Acidi phosphorici, f3j. Aquae destillatae, f I viij. Fiat solutio. Dr. Lentin, a German physician, has employed this solution on compresses applied to ulcers situated over carious bones.—Spil- lan's Supplement to the British Pharmacopoeias. Corrosive Sublimate and Lime-water. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. j vel iij. Aquae calcis, flj. Fiat solutio et signa.—The yellow wash. For ordinary purposes one grain to the ounce will be sufficient. In phagedaenic and venereal ulcers. Calomel and Lime-water. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3j« Aquae calcis, fliv. Misce et signa.—The black wash. This prescription is used in the same cases as the other. The red-oxide in that, and the black-oxide of mercury in this, are pre- cipitated by the lime-water. They are sometimes administered in the form of injections in gleet and gonorrhoea. STIMULATING OINTMENTS, ETC. 137 Anti-psoric Lotion of Dupuytren. R. Potassii sulphureti, liv. Aquae, Oj. Acidi sulphurici, f5iv. Misce.—To be applied two or three times a-day on the parts cov- ered with pustules, and with this treatment the simple bath is conjoined. Lotion of Myrrh. R. Tincturae myrrhae, Liquoris calcis, aa flj. Misce. This lotion is recommended by Dr. Kirkland for removing fungous flesh. Powder of Verdigris and Calomel. R. Cupri acetatis, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa 9j. Fiat pulvis subtilissimus.—For chancres and indolent ulcers. Powdered Rhubarb, fyc. R. Pulveris rhei, ------■ ipecacuanhae, aa 3j. Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sarcomatous and watery tumors. Rhubarb alone forms an excellent application to indolent ulcers. Powder of Savin, fyc. R. Pulveris sabinae, ------- cupri acetatis, aa 3j- ' Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sores accompanied with fungous excrescences. Ointment with Carbonate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Ammoniae carbonatis, 3ss. Unguenti simplicis, Iss. Fiat unguentum.—Applied to indolent ulcers of a scrofulous cha- racter. 138 ISSUES AND SETONS. ISSUES AND SETONS. These remedies are employed as substitutes for blisters, espe- cially when a permanent discharge is desired. There are three kinds of issues in common use, by either of which we may procure a discharge of purulent matter for any length of time that may be requisite. They are applied in different situations, according to circumstances, and some one of the fol- lowing parts is generally chosen: the nape of the neck; the hollow of the deltoid muscle, and between the shoulders or over the ribs in front; in the inferior extremities they are most conveniently formed in the inside of the leg, either above or below the knee. 1. Blister Issue. To form this issue it is merely necessary to apply a blister to any part in the usual manner; the skin being thus removed, the discharge must be promoted by means of stimulating oint- ments, as unguentum cantharidum, ung. basilici, ung. sabinae, etc. These may be alternated with mild liniments, in order to prevent the ulceration and consequent discharge from be- coming excessive. 2. The Pea Issue. There are two modes of forming this issue; the first is made by means of a lancet; the part is merely taken in the thumb and finger, and an incision made by passing the lancet through the skin. The wound should be kept open by means of orange peas, the common pea, a bean, or a bit of orris root. The following extracts from the Surgeon's Vade Mecum will exemplify the manner of forming the issue with caustic :— " The part is first to be covered with a piece of adhesive plaster, in the centre of which a circular hole has been cut of the size of the intended issue; in this hole the caustic kali purum, made into a paste with soap, is to be placed. The whole is then to be covered with another plaster, secured by a bandage, and suffered to remain for ten or twelve hours. Generally in two or three days an eschar begins to separate, when the opening should be filled with the substance made choice of." These substances are enu- merated above. BOUGIES. 139 3. The Seton. To form this artificial discharge, take the seton needle, to which is attached a skein of silk, the latter being partially anointed with some oleaginous substance. The needle is to be passed completely through the part chosen for the operation, after which it is removed, and the ends of the silk left hanging from the wound. It should be dressed every day, or twice a-day, with some mild ointment; and if this be not sufficient to keep up the discharge, the more stimulating unguents may be used, as mentioned when speaking of the blister issue. BOUGIES. Although directions for forming bougies may appear out of place under this head, yet as country physicians are often obliged to make these articles, we insert the following formulae. R. Cerae albae, Ixvj. Terebinthinae venetae, liss. Olei olivae, flj. Melt the wax and turpentine over a slow fire, and then add the oil. Bougie with Red Lead. R. Olivae olei, Oj. Cerae flavae, Ix. Plumbi oxidi rubri, Ixv. Boil over a slow fire until the minimum is perfectly dissolved, which will be in about four or six hours. Dr. Swediaur's Bougie. R. Cerae flavae, ftj. Cetacei, 3iij- Plumbi acetatis, 3v. These are to be boiled like the former until the composition is of a proper consistence for forming bougies. 140 BOUGIES. Sharp's Bougie. R. Emplastri plumbi cum resina abietis, Iij. Hydrargyri, Ij. Antimonii sulphureti, Iss. The quicksilver to be previously dissolved in balsam of sulphur or in honey, and added to the plaster when melted in a mode- rate heat. Bell on Venereal. In order to form a bougie, a slip of linen an inch in width at one end, and an inch and a quarter at the other, and from ten to twelve inches long, must be dipped into the melted composition, taking care that it be evenly applied; it is then to be carefully folded up into the proper longitudinal shape, and rolled firmly between two marble slabs till perfectly smooth and even.— Pharmacop. Chirurgica. The caustic bougie is made by simply rolling in the centre of the wax bougie, at the extremity, a small piece of lunar or com- mon caustic. The former is more manageable, and therefore generally preferred. Bougies are sometimes dipped in basilicon or mercurial ointment, oil of turpentine, &c, in order to render them more stimulating when employed in the treatment of gleet, &c. CLASS X. STIMULANTS. In the use of stimulants, it is for the most part advisable to begin with small doses, and augment them as circumstances may require. There are cases, however, in which it is necessary to give them plentifully ah initio. It will be often requisite to change not only the stimulating substance, but the part of the body to which it is applied; thus when the stomach fails, the rectum and skin may be acted upon with advantage. PILLS, POWDERS, &c. Pills of Camphor, Cantharides, fyc. R. Pulveris cantharidis, gr. xviij. --------opii, --------camphorae, aa gr. xxxvj. Conservae rosarum, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xxxvj.—Of which one may be taken every night going to bed. In impotency from general debility. Pills of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, gr. ss vel gr. j. Extracti juniperi vel glycyrrhizae, q. s. t Divide in pilulas viij et signa.—Two in the morning and two at night; dose to be gradually and cautiously augmented. Pills of iodide of mercury may be made in the same propor- tions and given in the same doses. In scrofula. 142 STIMULANTS. Pills of Turpentine and Guaiacum. * R. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j. Terebinthinae venetae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xv et signa.—One three times a day. These pills have a powerful effect upon the urinary organs. They are employed in gleet and leucorrhoea, but frequently pro- duce strangury. Pills of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris capsici, 3j. Micae panis, Aquae destillatae, aa q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xij et signa.—One three or four times a-day. In debility of the stomach, from intemperance. Aromatic Pills. R. Ammoniae carbonatis, Capsici, Caryophylli, Macis, aa. 9j. Olei carui, gtt. v. Extracti gentianae, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx. One every two hours in gout of the stomach. Dr. Parrish. Tincture of Cantharides, fyc. R. Rhei contusae, 3iss. Guaiaci, gr. xlv. Gummi laccae, 3ss. Cantharidum contusarum, 3j. Alcoholis, flxij. Fiat infusum, et cola. Dose from thirty to fifty drops, nio-ht and morning, in a draught of water. In gleet. From the active nature of these articles, we recommend caution in the use of them. STIMULANTS. 143 Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia, fyc R. Ammoniae carbonatis, 3iss. Pulveris sacchari, ------- acaciae, aa 3iss. Spiritus lavendulae compositi, f3ij. Aquae destillatae, vel menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose, every two or three hours. If desirable, tinct. opii, gtt. xl. vel 1. may be added to the mixture. Draught with Valerian and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Valerianae, 9j. Ammoniae carbonatis, gr. x. Aquae cinnamomi, flij. Fiat haustus.—To be taken every fourth hour. In nervous head- ache, and depression of spirits. Mixture of Cubebs, fyc R. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij« Sodae carbonatis, 3ss. Mucilaginis acaciae, f3vj. Aquae menthae, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa. Take a tablespoonful every hour and a-half. Mixture of Oxide of Bismuth, Cubebs, fyc R. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij. Bismuthi subnitratis, 3ss. Mucilaginis acaciae, flss. Syrupi, f3vj. Aquae, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—Take a tablespoonful four times a-day. We have extracted > the two preceding prescriptions from a paper of Mr. John Fosbroke, surgeon, Chittenham. See Medical Recorder, for April, 1825. They are recommended, with other similar compounds, in various affections of the mucous membranes; viz: of the bowels, bladder, trachea, &c. 144 STIMULANTS. Camphorated Enema. R. Eneraatis communis, Oij. Camphorae, 3ij- Vitellis unius ovi. Misce. One-fourth part to be thrown up the rectum in the treat- ment of putrid fevers, pro re natd. M. Chaussier. Antiseptic Pills. R. Camphorae, Potassae nitratis, Pulveris acaciae, aa. 9j. Mix, and divide into pills of four grains each.—Dose two pills every hour or two hours. Draught with Powdered Ginger, fyc R. Pulveris zingiberis, gr. xv. Ammoniae carbonatis, gr. viij. Spiritus cinnamomi, f3ij. Aquae, fliss. Misce.—To be taken at once. In gout or cramp of the stomach. Camphor Mixture. R. Camphorae, 3j. Pulveris acaciae, --------sacchari albi, aa. ^iss. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl. Aquae menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful to be given every two hours. In reducing camphor to powder, (which must be done before it can be formed into a mixture,) it is necessary to add to it a few drops of alcohol. Camphor in Milk. R. Camphorae, 3j. Lactis bullientis, f3iv. Fiat solutio.—This preparation may be taken in the manner di- rected for the former one. STIMULANTS. 145 Camphor Julep. R. Camphorae, 3j. Aquae bullientis, flviij. Fiat mistura.—This preparation should be set aside in a covered vessel for half an hour, and then strained. A tablespoonful for a dose pro re natd. Camphor with Magnesia. R. Camphorae pulverizatae, 3j- Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ij- Aquae, Oj. Fiat mistura. This prescription answers the same purpose as the former. It is considered a more eligible preparation, and is given in the same doses. It should be allowed to settle, and the clear liquor, which is slightly impregnated with the camphor, decanted for use. Camphor with Myrrh. R. Camphorae pulverizatae, 3j- Pulveris myrrhae, 3ss. --------sacchari, 3ij- Aquae, flvj. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful to be given every two hours. Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthinae, gtt. cxx. Pulveris acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa 3ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. lx. --------lavandulae compositae, f5ij. Aquae menthae, flv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose every two hours. This remedy has gained great reputation in some of the low forms of fever. The author once employed it in the dose pre- scribed above, in passive hemorrhage from the bowels with com- plete success; and in hemorrhage from the bladder, resulting from low fever, it has been given with equal advantage. 10 146 STIMULANTS. Linctus with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthinae, f^ij- Mellis optimi, flj. Fiat linctus.—Dose, a teaspoonful night and morning, with a draught of warm tea. In sciatica. Emulsion of Phosphorus. R. Phosphori puri, gr. ij. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s. Let these articles be carefully and effectually triturated in a mor- tar, and add gradually as much distilled water as will make an emulsion of Ivj ; then add— Syrupi simplicis, flj. Liquoris Hoffmani anodyni, gtt. xxx. Fiat mistura.—Of which the usual dose is a tablespoonful every two, three or four hours. This preparation was originally made by the celebrated Hufe- land, and is now taken from Dr. Chapman's Therapeutics, p. 176, vol. ii. As the violence of the remedy, and its very great power, are generally known to physicians, we need hardly repeat the neces- sity there is for the greatest caution in its administration. It is sometimes given in sweet oil, but this is said to be ex- tremely nauseous. The solution in ether (aether phosphoratus) contains about three grains of phosphorus to the ounce, and is given in doses of five or ten drops every three or four hours. There is also a saturated ethereal tincture, which is much stronger, and is now seldom prescribed. It contains six or eight grains to the ounce of ether. Mixture of Camphor and Guaiacum. R. Tincturae opii camphoratae, --------guaiaci ammoniatas, aa flj. Fiatmistura, et signa.—Two teaspoonsful every two hours. In misplaced and retrocedent gout. Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn. R. Spiritus ammoniae aromatici, f3ij. Signa.—Ten or twenty drops to be given in a wineglassful of water, pro re natd. In sudden exhaustion from any cause. STIMULANTS. 147 Mustard Seed. R. Seminum sinapis albi, Ij. Signa.—A teaspoonful of the unbruised seeds two or three times a-day. They are beneficial in costive habits, when the con^ stipation depends upon a torpid state of the muscular coat of the intestines.—Paris on Diet, p. 187. Infusion of Sassafras, fyc R. Corticis sassafras, Iss. Radicis glycyrrhizae, 3ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum et signa.—One-half may be taken in the morning, and the other half in the evening. Recommended highly by the Germans in diseases of a scrofu- lous character.—Hufeland. Mustard Whey. R. Lactis vaccinae, Oj. Seminum sinapis contus. Ij. Simmer until the caseous part separates, then strain, and add— Vini albi, flvj. Signa.—A draught of this whey may be taken every hour or two in low fever and in debilitated stomach. Wine Whey. R. Lactis vaccinae, Oss. Vini albi, (Madeira,) flj vel Iij. Boil the milk and then add the wine. There are few mild stimulants more employed, or more useful than wine whey. Dr. Chapman speaks of it as possessing a kindred action with carbonate of ammonia. The dose to be regulated by the circumstances of the case; from four ounces to ten or more during the day. Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris capsici, 3iss. Aquae bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusum et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose in severe colic, or gout in the stomach. For the external use of it, see Rubefacients. 148 STIMULANTS. Infusion of Cloves. R. Caryophylli contusi, 3J. Aquae bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusum et signa.—To be employed in the same cases, and in similar doses as the former. This preparation is also very useful as an adjunct to bark in intermittent fever. An Infusion of Ginger Is also an excellent stomachic, and may be employed with great benefit in debility of the stomach and bowels. Mixture with Wine, fyc. R. Vitellum Ov. ij. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. xx. Misce, et adde— Vini albi, (Madeira,) Aquae cinnamomi, aa. fliij. ---- destillatae, flij. Sacchari albi, 3ij- Misce.—Three spoonsful for a dose. During convalescence from low fevers. CLASS XI. NARCOTICS. Narcotics have been denominated sedatives, from their power of diminishing action; anodynes, from their capability of alle- viating pain ; and hypnotics, or soporifics, from their power of inducing sleep. A few words only will be necessary as general rules for their administration, and any peculiarities that individu- als of the class may possess will be noticed under the appro- priate prescriptions. It is well known they possess the power of fulfilling two indications; namely, of exciting and depressing the nervous energy. To obtain the first of these results, it is necessary to begin with small doses, and repeat them frequently; while in order to arrive at the second, a full dose must be given, and not resorted to again for a considerable length of time. We should also bear in mind that the system very soon becomes habituated to their action, and the doses must be continually enlarged when it is necessary to maintain their impression. The difference between the sus- ceptibility to their action when the body is in a morbid or healthy condition, should not be overlooked. PILLS. R. Pulveris opii, gr. xij. Saponis albi, q. s. Misce et divide in pilulas xij.—Of which one is the ordinary dose to produce sleep. In equal weights of powdered and soft opium, the former is much the more powerful, the latter containing a considerable pro- portion of water. This should be recollected in directing the medicine in the form of pills. An opium pill that has been made long enough to become per- fectly hard and dry, will be retained by an irritable stomach when a fresh one would be rejected. 150 NARCOTICS. Pills of Lupulin. R. Lupulinae, 3ss. Contunde in mortario, et divide in pilulas x. Signa.—Two pills may be given for a dose, and the quantity doubled if necessary. This substance, we are told by Dr. Ives, contains all the active properties of the hop. It is slightly narcotic, and is serviceable in irritable stomach. The lupulin is sometimes administered in powder, with two parts of w7hite sugar. Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Morphiae sulphatis, gr. iij. Conservae rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One may be given for a dose, pro re natd. One grain of either of the salts of morphia, is usually estimated as equal to four ofopium; so that a pill of the above prescription will be equivalent to a grain of opium. The acetate and muriate of morphia are prepared in the same way, and given in the same dose. Pills of Lactucarium. R. Lactucarii, gr. xij. Divide in pilulas vj. Signa.—One for a dose, to be repeated in two hours, if sleep be not procured. The inspissated juice of the garden lettuce is said to act as a direct sedative, lessening the frequency of the pulse, diminishing the natural heat, and procuring sleep, without inducing the sub- sequent distressing effects which follow the use of opium. The thridace of the French appears to be prepared by a different process from that employed in the preparation of the British lac- tucarium. The former is not so highly esteemed in this country as the latter. NARCOTICS. 151 Pills of Hyoscyamus and Ipecacuanha. R. Extracti hyoscyami nigri, gr. x. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, gr. v. Misce et divide in pilulas x.—One every hour or two until relief is procured, watching the effect. In flatulence and irritability of the bowels. Pills of Opium, Hyoscyamus, fyc. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iv. Extracti hyoscyami, -------conii, aa. gr. xv. Fiat massa in pilulas x dividenda.—One every night when an anodyne is required. Pills of Extract of Hyoscyamus. R. Extracti hyoscyami nigri, 9j. Divide in pilulas x.—Of which one may be given every four, hours, increasing the dose if necessary. This medicine, which is employed as a substitute for opium, does not constipate the bowels. Pills of Extract of Stramonium. R. Extracti stramonii, 3SS- Divide in pilulas xv et signa.—One three times a-day. The powdered leaves and seeds are also prescribed in similar doses.— Vide Expectorants. Opiate Confection. R. Confectionis opii, oss. To be given for a dose.—One grain of opium is contained in forty- three grains of the'Edinburgh confection. Pills of Extract of Conium. R. Extracti conii, 3j- Pulveris conii, q. s.; ut fiat massa in pilulas xx dividenda. One of these pills night and morning, may be taken at the com- mencement, gradually increasing them to two, three, i#ur or more, as the patient can bear them. 152 NARCOTICS. The efficacy of narcotic plants is influenced by soil, climate, exposure, and cultivation; and the extracts by the season when the plants are gathered, and the mode of preparing them. Physi- cians would do well therefore to make themselves acquainted with the quality of the article they prescribe, inasmuch as there may be a fatal difference between two parcels of different ages, modes of preparation, &c.— Vide Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, vol. ii.: On Narcotic Extracts. Pills of Camphor. R. Camphorae, 3ss. Acaciae, Alcoholis, aa q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xv.—Dose, a pill every two or three hours. Pills of Opium, Digitalis, fyc. R. Pulveris opii, ------- digitalis, aa gr. vj. Confec. rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One to be taken every four hours. In Asthma, &c. Pills of Extract of Conium and Calomel. R. Extracti conii, 9ij. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xv. Fiant pilulae xv et signa.—One three times a-day. In pseudo- syphilitic affections. Pills of Powdered Nux Vomica. R. Pulveris nucis vomicae, 9j vel 3ss. Confect. rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae x. Signa.—One to be given two or three times a-day, closely watch- ing the effects. In paralysis. , Pills of the Resin of Nux Vomica. R. Extracti nucis vomicae, gr. x. Divide in pilulas xv.-One pill twice a-day, gradually augment- ing the dose, and watching its effect. NARCOTICS. 153 Pills of Strychnia. R. Strychniae, gr. ij. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxiv. Of which one pill may be given once or twice a-day, according to the idiosyncrasy of the patient. This latter medicine is still more powerful than the former two: for their mode of preparation, manner of exhibition, and peculiar effects, see Magendie's Formulary, page 82. It is only necessary in this place to observe that great care is requisite to divide the mass into pills of equal strength. Tincture of Strychnia. R. Alcoholis, flj. Strychniae, gr. iij. Fiat tinctura.—This tincture to be given by drops, from six to twenty in draughts of mucilage. Draught of Strychnia. R. Strychniae, gr. j. Sacchari, 3"ij. Acidi acetici, gtt. ij. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat solutio et signa.—A teaspoonful morning and evening. Strychnia forms with acids a variety of salts, which are gene- rally very soluble, and for this reason much more active than the alkali uncombined. These may be resorted to when the system becomes habituated to the action of strychnia. The commencing dose of the salt should not be greater than that of the alkaloid. It should be borne in mind that the activity of this substance is increased by all acid drinks.—See Magendie's Formulary, Edit. 5, p. 12. MIXTURES, TINCTURES,&c. Opiate Mixture. R. Pulveris opii, 9ss. Sacchari, 3j. Aquae cinnamomi, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful may be taken every two hours, so that the whole be consumed in twenty-four. In teta- nus and colica pictonum. 154 NARCOTICS. Hemlock Mixture. R. Succi conii spissati, 3ss. Syrupi papaveris albi, flj. Aquae, flvij. Misce.—A tablespoonful three or four times a-day for a dose. Tincture of Resin of Nux Vomica. R. Extracti nucis vomicae, gr. iij. Alcoholis, flj. Piat tinctura.—This tincture to be given in doses of fifteen or twenty drops, in any kind of drink. This preparation, and the pills made of the resin of nux vomica, have been successfully used in general and local paralysis. Nux vomica is also applied by friction in paralytic and other nervous diseases. The following is Magendie's formula for this purpose: R. Tincturae nucis vomicae, flj. Liquor ammoniae (ammoniaque concentree), f3ij. Misce. Opiate Colly num. R. Pulveris opii, gr. j. Camphorae, gr. v. Mucilaginis acaciae, flj. Misce, et fiat collyrium. Anodyne Draught. R. Tincturae opii, gtt. xv vel xxv. Syrupi papaveris, f3ij. Spiritus cinnamomi, f3j. Aquae destillatae, fliss. Misce et signa..—Anodyne draught. Laudanum is very disagree- able to some persons; combined as above, the taste is disguised. As the regulation of doses for children is, to the young practi- tioner, one of the most difficult parts of prescribing, and as lauda- num is an article so universally employed in their diseases, we subjoin the following graduated table from Dr. Dorsey's Syllabus, page 36, 1817. J y NARCOTICS. 155 For a child at birth, or within a month after h to 1 drop. Under a year old - - - | to 2 or 3 drops. From one to two years of age - - 1 to 5 " From two to five " - - 2 to 8 " From five to ten " - - 5 to 15 " From ten to fifteen " - - 10 to 20 " At fifteen years - - - 15 to 20 " For an adult - - - - 25 to 30 " It is important in the employment of laudanum that it should be a saturated tincture and perfectly transparent. For these reasons it should be obtained from the apothecary in small quantities, as it is liable to deposit part of the opium; hence the liquid near the surface is weaker. Infants have been destroyed by the exhi- bition of thick laudanum. Physicians, therefore, should always examine the phial before trusting the nurse to give a dose to a child. Solution of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Morphias sulphatis, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat solutio.—Dose, one or two teaspoonsful; the larger dose being equivalent to a grain of opium, or twenty-five drops of laudanum. The sulphate of morphia has one superiority over the acetate, namely, that the latter when dissolved in water is decomposed, two salts resulting, the one soluble, the other not. From this objection the sulphate is exempt. Magendie states that, by alternating these new alkaline reme- dies, we may prolong the effect without increasing the dose.— Magendie's Formulary, p. 24. The muriate and nitrate of morphia possess no advantages over the sulphate and acetate. The French chemists have also discovered in opium a princi- ple allied in its effects to morphia, and called Codeine. In dose of a single grain it proves highly anodyne, but distresses the stomach in larger doses. Its salts are given in somewThat smaller quantities.—Magendie, 9vme ed., p. 80. A preparation of opium known as McMunn's Elixir, has been for several years much in vogue in this country. The mode of preparation is a secret with the proprietor: but the medicine has 156 NARCOTICS. certainly some advantages over others of its class. For example, it rarely affects the head, and causes little or no constipation, but acts freely on the urinary organs and skin. It is given in the same dose as laudanum, but is probably not more than two-thirds as strong. Tincture of Lupulin. R. Lupulinae purae, Ij. Alcoholis, flij. Digest for six days in a close vessel. Strain, filter, and add a sufficient quantity of alcohol to make liij of the tincture. Of this, from 3ss to 3ij may be taken for a dose. Tincture of Hops. R. Tincturae humuli, flj. Signa.—Of this, a teaspoonful may be taken as a narcotic in cases when opium is inadmissible. Hops are also given in the form of infusion: for which see Tonics. Enclosed in a bag, they have acquired some celebrity as a pillow. Camphor and Hoffman's Anodyne. R. Aquae camphorae, fliv. Spiritus aetheris sulph. camp., f3ij. Misce.—Dose, a dessertspoonful every hour or two hours diluted. In nervous affections, and sleeplessness of fever. Infusion of Camphor. R. Camphorae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, flviij. Pour the hot water on the gum, and allow it to stand until cold: it should be then kept in a well-stopped phial. Dose, a table- spoonful every hour or two hours. In febrile pervigilium and nervous irritability. Tincture of Opium and Oil of Turpentine. R. Tincturae opii, flj. Olei terebinthinae, flss. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful diluted every hour or two may be given in delirium tremens, but even here its effect must be closely watched. NARCOTICS. 157 The turpentine may be added or omitted at the discretion of the physician, and the quantity of laudanum in some cases may be doubled. We have successfully given two teaspoonsful every hour until Iij of laudanum were taken. We do not believe in the doctrine, however, that opium in this disease may be adminis- tered almost ad libitum without danger. On the contrary we feel assured that death has been caused by its excessive use in deli- rium tremens. Denarcotized Laudanum. R. Tincturae opii sine narcotina. This preparation was proposed by Robiquet. It relieves pain and induces sleep, without producing the ordinary sequelae of opium or laudanum, and is given in the same dose as the latter, Black Drop. R. Tincturae opii acetatae, f5j. From six to eight drops of this preparation may be given to an adult far a dose. It is said to be three times the strength of laudanum, and has obtained celebrity from the fact that it equally promotes the ends of laudanum without affecting the head and stomach. When it cannot be had, Dr. Chapman states that by giving the alcoholic tincture of opium in vinegar, we obtain nearly the same results. Elixir Paregoric. R. Tincturae opii camphoratae. A teaspoonful of this in a little water is a dose for an adult. It is principally employed as an expectorant. Wine of Opium. The dose of the Vinum opii is the same as the spirituous tinc- ture ; but it is chiefly employed as an external application to chronic inflammation of the eyes. Tincture of Digitalis. R. Tincturae digitalis, f3ij.' Of which ten drops may be given at first twice or three times a day, increasing the quantity gradually as the system becomes accustomed to it. The peculiar character of this remedy should induce caution in giving it. 158 NARCOTICS For its particular applications and effects, see Expectorants and Diuretics. Infusion and Tincture of Digitalis. Vide Diuretics and Expectorants. Infusion of Conium. R. Conii, Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum et cola.—To be applied as a wash to cancerous and scirrhous ulcers. A cataplasm is also employed for the same purpose, made by mixing the powdered leaves with bread and water poultice. Decoction of Hemp. R. Apocyni cinnabini, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Misce.—Boil down to half a pint and add an ounce of brandy to prevent fermentation. Dose,—a teaspoonful every two or three hours, or a dessertspoonful at bed-time. In an over- dose it occasions nausea and vomiting. It has the effect of in- ducing sleep when the preparations of opium are not available. The extract and tincture of Gunga, now so much in vogue in India, are made of this same plant, which, however, becomes much more active when cultivated in that climate, and has to be given with great circumspection. A tincture of the Ame- rican variety of this Apocynum is much wanted in our Phar- macopoeia, and would no doubt be extensively used if offici- nally prepared. The decoction for which we have given a formula above, is so liable to ferment and decompose, that it cannot be kept for many days. Solution of the Extract of Belladonna. R. Extracti belladonnae, 9j. Aquae destillatae, fliij. Fiat solutio et signa.—To be applied to the eye in cataract, for the purpose of dilating the pupil and exposing the lens. The extract of belladonna is given in doses of a grain three or four times a-day. NARCOTICS. 159 Ointment of Belladonna. R. Extracti belladonnas, 3ij- Aquae destillatae, flij. Adipis, Iij. Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to the neck of the uterus in rigidity of that part occasioned by disease, or previous to de- livery. It is said to act on the same principle as it does in dilating the iris. The application to be made for some time by means of a syringe with a wide mouth. M. Chaussier. Infusion of Black Hellebore. R. Foliorum hyoscyami nigri, 5ss. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Employed as an external application to cancerous, scrofulous, and other indolent ulcers. Decoction of Bitter-sweet. R. Dulcaraarae, Ij. Aquae, Ojss. Boil to a pint and strain. Dr. Chapman directs a wineglassful to be taken frequently, and gradually increased until a pint is consumed daily. In chronic eruptions, &c. The same preparation is employed as a wash. Decoction of Stramonium in Milk. R. Stramonii, 3ij. Lactis recentis, Oiss. Boil to*a pint and strain. For gouty, rheumatic, and other pain- ful swellings. Solution of Extract of Belladonna. R. Extracti belladonnae, gr. iij. Aquae cinnamomi, flj. Fiat solutio et signa.—Two or three drops twice or thrice a-day, to a child under a year old, and an additional drop for every additional year. Belladonna has been recently used in Germany as a prevent- ive of scarlatina. The extract, if given for several days, pro- 160 NARCOTICS. duces a scarlet eruption and affection of the fauces analogous to those of scarlatina; and it is pretended that this factitious dis- ease is sufficient to prevent the access of the real one. Opium Enema. R. Pulveris opii, gr. ij. Mucilaginis acaciae, flss. Lactis tepifacti, flij. Misce pro enemate. Opium Enema. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iij vel iv. Adipis, Ij. Melt them together with a gentle heat, and when of a proper warmth, inject the mixture with a small syringe. Solution of Opium in Lime-water, fyc. R. Extracti opii, gr. j. Liquoris calcis, Olei amygdalae dulcis, aa. f3iij- Fiat mistura.—Recommended by Dr. Sibergundi of Dorsten, in the treatment of sore nipples. It is to be applied to the parts on dossils of lint. Laudanum Enema. R. Tincturae opii, 3ss. Infusi lini, flij vel fliv. Fiat enema. It is generally supposed that three times the quantity of a me- dicine may be thrown into the rectum that may be taken into the stomach. As regards opium, however, we believe it to be too much, particularly in children. Indeed, it is an unsettled point in therapeutics, whether remedies act most powerfully upon the rectum or the stomach. Suppository of Opium. R. Pulveris opii, gr. ij. Saponis, gr. iv. Misce bene.—Introduce into the rectum when an enema cannot be administered. NARCOTICS. 161 Plaster of Opium, fyc R. Opii puri, Camphorae, aa. 3ss. Emplastri lithargyri, 3ij. Melt the plaster, and having previously powdered the other arti- cles, mix them gradually. For local pains. Plaster of Opium, fyc R. Pulveris opii, --------camphorae, --------saponis albi, aa. 3j. Tincturae opii, q. s. ut fiat emplastrum. This plaster is employed in the same cases as the preceding one. Another, and the most common plan, is to spread theriaca andromachi* on leather of the size required, and cover it with powdered opium, sprinkling a little laudanum to promote its ad- hesion. * The original Theriaca Andromachi is composed of seventy-two ingredients, pulverized and rubbed up with honey into an electuary. A preparation bearing the same name, and used for the same purposes, is now made in a much less ela- borate way. The word Theriaca is, at the present day, applied to any coarse sirup, as treacle or molasses. 11 CLASS XII. ANTISPASMODICS. Antispasmodics are those medicines which allay spasm, and compose the irregular actions of the nervous system. Some of the most powerful of them are derived from the class of Nar- cotics. Pills of Assafcetida and Soap. R. Assafcetidae, 3j- Saponis, gr. x. Aquae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xx. Two or four of these pills may be taken for a dose and repeated pro re natd. Pilulae assafoetidae cum aloe, et ----------------cum rheo, Maybe given in the same doses as those made with soap only. Opium Pills. As under Narcotics. Pills with Castor and Salt of Amber. R. Castorei, 3j- Acidi succinici, 3ss. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxiv. Dose three pills night and morning.—In hysteria. Calomel Pills. As under Sialagogues. antispasmodics. 163 Pills of Musk, Camphor, fyc R. Moschi, 9ss. Camphorae, 9j. Ammoniaci, 9ij. Opii, gr. iv. Misce, et fiant pilulae singulae gr. iv. Signa.—The dose may be four or five in the twenty-four hours. In nervous diseases. M. A. Richard. Bolus loith Valerian and Rust of Iron. R. Pulveris Valerianae, 3j. Ferri subcarbonatis, 9ss. Mucilaginous acaciae, q. s., ut fiat bolus. One three times a-day. Bolus with Musk and Camphor. R. Camphorae, gr. v. Moschi, gr. v vel x. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiat bolus. Signa.—To be taken at once. This is a full dose, which, however, can be readily modified by the practitioner. To confine the aroma of musk, whether in the form of pills or otherwise, it should always be kept in phials. Bolus with Musk and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Moschi, Ammoniae carbonatis, aa. 9ss. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiat bolus. To be taken every third hour. In mortification accompanied with spasmodic action. Musk Mixture. R. Moschi optimi, 3ij> Sacchari, 3j. Pulveris acaciae, 3j- Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful to be given every hour or two hours. 164 ANTISPASMODICS. Mixture with Musk, fyc. R. Misturae moschatae, flvj. Tincturae opii camphoratae, flss. --------Valerianae ammoniatae, f3j. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful three or four times a-day. For children in pertussis. Tincture of Assafcetida, Castor, fyc. R. Tincturae assafoetidae, --------castorei, aa. flj. Spiritus ammoniae aromat., f£j. Misce.—A teaspoonful may be taken in a glass of water for a dose. Hoffman's Anodyne and Laudanum. R. Ahodyni Hoffmanni, f3"j- Tincturae opii, gtt. lxxx. Aquae cinnamomi, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful every one or two hours. In hysteria, &c. Mixture with Assafcetida, fyc R. Assafoetidae, 3j« Aquae menthae piperitae, fliij. Fiat solutio, et adde— Tincturae Valerianae ammoniatae, f^ij. -------- castorei, f3iij. Athens sulphurici, f3j. Signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose, largely diluted, every second hour. In hysteria. Oil of Valerian with Spirits of Hartshorn. R. Olei Valerianae, gtt. viij. Spiritus ammoniae aromatici, f3j. Aquae, fliv. Sacchari albi, 3ij. . Misce et signa.—To take a tablespoonful every two or three hours shaking the phial. ANTISPASMODICS. 165 Infusion of Valerian. R. Valerianae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Put them into a covered vessel and let them stand until cold.— Dose, a wineglassful every two or three hours. Tincture of Valerian and Hoffman's Anodyne. R. Liquoris Hoffmanni anodyni, Tincturae Valerianae, aa. flj. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose, with water,pro re natd, shaking the phial each time. Mixture with Ether and Laudanum. R. iEfheris sulphurici, f^ij. Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa. 3iss. Tincturae opii, gtt. Ix. Aquae cinnamomi, flij. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful every hour. In cramp of the stomach, &c. Solution of Boracic Acid, fyc. R. Syrupi simplicis, flj. Acidi boracici, 3j- Infusi foeniculi, fliv. Misce et signa.—A small tablespoonful three or four times a-day. The above is prescribed by the French physicians in cerebral affections. Ratier. Assafcetida Enema. R. Assafoetidae, 3ij- Decocti hordei, fix vel flxij. Misce pro enemate.—Tinct. opii may be added pro re natd. In hysteria, spasmodic colic, &c. 166 ANTISPASMODICS. Musk Enema. R. Moschi, gr. xij. Sacchari, d'i}. Spiritus ammoniae, gtt. xxx. Infusi lini, liv. Fiat enema.—For children with convulsions. CLASS XIII. SIALAGOGUES. Those medicines which increase the salivary secretion are de- nominated Sialagogues. In forming these into a class in this place, we trespass on the arrangement of Dr. Chapman, but merely from a motive of convenience ; for we agree with him that such a class would be better expunged from the Materia Medica, at the same time that it appears necessary to introduce it here, in order to place the mercurial preparations in stronger relief than could otherwise be done. Pills of Calomel. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xij. Confect. rosae, q. s., fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One, morning and evening, and if necessary, until sali- vation is excited. Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. v. Aquae destillatae, gtt. xxx vel xl. Confect. rosae, 9j. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xl. Of which, give one pill three or four times a day. In lues vene- rea. As salivation rapidly follows the use of corrosive subli- mate, its effect must be watched. Dupuytren's Antisyphilitic Pills. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ss. Extracti cinchonae, gr. x. ------- opii, gr. ss. Pulveris cinchonae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae ij.—The two pills may be taken, one in the morn- ing and the other at night; but as each contains a quarter of a 168 SIALAGOGUES. grain of corrosive sublimate, their action must be very closely watched. M. Dupuytren was partial to these pills in the treat- ment of Syphilis. He thought the opium and cinchona pro- moted and beneficially modified the action of the sublimate. Pills with Corrosive Sublimate and Hemlock. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. vj. Solvantur in Aquae destillatae, q. s., et adde—- Succi conii spissati, 3j. Pulveris conii, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xlviij dividenda. These pills contain the same quantity of mercury as the former, and may be given in the same number, and for the same purpose. Pills of Acetate of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri acetatis, Mannae, Pulveris acaciae, aa. 9j. Aquae rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xx. Of which let three be taken every night, till a gentle ptyalism is excited. This preparation is said to be the mildest of the mercurial salts, and is less apt to disturb the bowels; but it is believed to be less efficacious in arresting the venereal disease. The effect of the mercurial preparations upon children is some- times very serious, and even fatal. So powerful upon them is the action of this medicine, that a profuse or even gentle salivation will sometimes produce mortification and destruction to the jaw, cheek and lip. This, however, does not often happen; but to avoid it the gums should be frequently and carefully examined. It is, nevertheless, a fact, that a disease precisely similar in all its features occasionally attacks children who are badly clothed and fed, though no mercury has been given to them. Solution of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri cyanureti, gr. viij. Aquae, Oj. Fiat solutio.—This is the Liqueur anti-syphilitique of Chaussier, who prefers it to corrosive sublimate on account of its greater solubility and more speedy action. By giving a teaspoonful of SIALAGOGUES. 169 the solution we give one-eighth of a grain of the cyanuret, which may be repeated morning, noon and night, watching its effects. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. v. Confectionis rosae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xxx. Each pill will contain the sixth of a grain, which may be given three times a-day. Double the quantity (two pills) is some- times administered at first, but care should be taken not to push it too far. Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. ij vel gr. iij. Extracti opii, gr. ij. Lactucarii, gr. xij. Extracti guaiaci, gr. xxiv. Misce, et fiant pilulae xxiv.—Given by M. Ricord in the syphilis of children. He directs one pill for a child six months old, and two, three, or four pills for older children. Dunglison's New Rem., p. 280. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. ■ R. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. j. Extracti juniperi, gr. xij. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij.—In adult patients Magendie directs two to be given morning and evening, to be increased to three or four. Dunglison, ut supra. Pills with Calomel, Camphor, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Camphorae, aa. 9j. Pulveris opii, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. Signa.—One or two to be taken morning, noon and night, when calomel by itself causes purging. 170 SIALAGOGUES. Blue Mercurial Pills. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, 3ss. Divide in pilulas xij. Signa.—One may be taken three or four times a-day, according to circumstances. If they should occasion purging, pulv. opii gr. ss may be added to each pill. The mass directed in the American Pharma- copoeia contains one grain of mercury in every two and a half grains. One grain is contained in four of the Edinburgh, and in three of the London and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. Powder of Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha. R. Hydrargyri cum cretat, 3j. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, 9ss. Fiant chartulae vj. Signa.—One night and morning in sirup. Commended by Dr. Paris, in dyspepsia, in which the biliary secretion is impaired. He prefers it under these circumstances to every other form of mercury. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri sulphatis flavi, gr. j. Pulveris asari, 3iss. Misce et divide in chartulas viij. Signa.—One of these may be used as an Errhine, morning and evening. In gutta serena, ozaena, and after the removal of polypi. Pills of the Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Oxidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. j. Pulveris opii, gr. j. Olei caryophylli, gtt. ij. Fiant pilulae iij et signa.—One pill every night for a week. In venereal cases. This preparation, in a stronger formula, was used by the cele- brated John Hunter; but from its harshness it is now generally superseded by milder medicines. SIALAGOGUES. 171 Mixture with Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Spiritus cinnamomi, Syrupi, aa. flj. Misce.—Dose one or two large spoonsful, twice or thrice a-day. In venereal cases. Spirituous Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. j vel ij. Alcohol, diluti, fliv. Solve.—Of which a tablespoonful, night and morning, may be taken in a draught of decoction of Sarsaparilla. The muriate of mercury is decidedly preferred by some physi- cians in the treatment of syphilis. John Hunter was of opinion, however, that the disease is more liable to recur, after its use, than when some of the other preparations have been employed. Strong Mercurial Ointment. R. Unguenti hydrargyri fortis, Ij. One drachm of this ointment to be rubbed on the inside of the thighs, before the fire. Some physicians recommend the warm bath before using this ointment, while others consider it useless. We think the prac- tice occasionally beneficial. The hands of the person rubbing it on should be enveloped in a bladder, or gloves made of oiled silk. Strong Mercurial Ointment with Camphor. R. Unguenti hydrargyri fortis, Ij. Camphorae, 3j. Misce.—To be employed as the former. Masticatory with Pellitory, fyc. R. Pulveris pyrethri, Resinae mastichi, aa 3j- Let these be dissolved together by a moderate application of heat: then divide the mass into two equal parts. One of these lumps may be chewed at pleasure. In toothache, and paralytic affec- tions of the tongue. 172 SIALAGOGUES. Mixture of Pellitory, Opium, fyc. R. Radicis pyrethri contusae, Iss. Aceti destillati, flvj. Opii, gr. iij. Digest in a sand bath for an hour et signa.—A spoonful to be held in the mouth and frequently renewed. Used in the same cases as the former. There are several other substances, such as polygala senega, nitric acid, &c, which occasionally excite salivation; but they are seldom employed for that purpose. Mercurial Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 3j- Aquae, flvj. Solve et adde— Ammoniae muriatis, 5ij« Potassae nitratis, Iss. Fiat lotio.—Principally used as a wash in itch. Good's Study of Med. vol. iv. Antacrid Tincture. R. Guaiaci pulveris, Ij. Balsami canadensis, Ij. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 9j. Olei sassafras, f3ij. Spiritus vini rectificati, flviij. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in one-half the spirit, and then add to it the other ingredients.—Of this from ten to twenty drops may be taken morning and evening, in wine or water. This form of exhibiting corrosive sublimate is employed by Dr. Emerson and other practitioners of this city, in lues venerea, &c. Ointment of Red Precipitate, fyc. R. Oxidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. x. Zinci sulphatis, 9j. Adipis, Iij. Fiat unguentum. Recommended by Professor Dupuytren in obstinate chronic ophthalmia depending on a scrofulous diathesis. SIALAGOGUES. 173 Anti-herpetic Ointment. R. Hydrargyri sulphatis flavi, 3j« Tincturae opii, f3j. Sulphuris sublimati, 3ss. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum.—In herpes, alternated with the simple water bath. Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, gr. xv. Adipis, Iij. Olei limonis, gtt. xx. Fiat unguentum. This ointment has been found highly efficacious in syphilitic tubercles, and chronic ulcerations of a syphilitic character, but its great activity requires close attention. The following formula, which is much less active, may be employed with less incon- venience. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, 3ss. Adipis, liss. Olei limonis, gtt. xv. Fiat unguentum.—Syphilitic ulcerations, which have resisted a variety of remedies, have cicatrized rapidly under the use of this ointment. Ratier. Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri cyanureti, gr. xvj. Adipis, Ij. Essentiae citri medicae, gtt. xv. Fiat unguentum.—In herpes, attended by inflammation and itch- ing. CLASS XIV. TONICS. Those medicines are denominated Tonics which impart strength to the system, without subjecting it to any preternatural excite- ment during their operation. They stimulate, however, in a secondary manner, by gradually increasing the force of the circu- lation, and by restoring the digestive and secretory functions to a more healthy state. Considerable perseverance is often neces- sary in giving any one of this class a fair trial; and when one fails, we may often resort with success to another: much also may sometimes be gained by alternating them. POWDERS, &c. Powder of Peruvian Bark. R. Pulveris cinchonae, Ij. A drachm (about a teaspoonful) to be taken every hour in port- wine, water, or milk, during the intermission of fever. Some practitioners suspend the bark till within a few hours of the expected paroxysm; and a few others administer it during the hot stage of the disease. It is better to commence immediately after the paroxysm has ended, and give a dose every hour, until the expected period of its return; and to continue it in smaller quantities for several days. Powder of Peruvian Bark and Cloves. R. Pulveris cinchonae, Potassae bitartratis, aa Ij. Pulveris caryophylli, 3j. Misce.—Dose a drachm and a half every second hour. This compound will sometimes succeed when the bark alone fails. TONICS. 175 Powder of Peruvian Bark and Sulphate of Magnesia. R. Pulveris cinchonae, Magnesiae sulphatis, aa 3vj. Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes aequales iv.—One to be taken every two hours, when purging is required. Powder of Peruvian Bark, Snake root, fyc R. Pulveris cinchonae, Iss. ------- serpentariae, 3j- Sodae bicarbonatis, gr. 9ij. Divide in chartulas iv et signa.—One to be given every two hours. In obstinate intermittents. If the bark should purge when given alone, a little opium may be added ; when it oppresses the stomach, cloves, as in a former prescription ; if costiveness should follow7, rhubarb or sulphate of magnesia. The alkali in the above preparation will correct acidity. Powder of Angustura Bark. R. Pulveris cuspariae, Iss. Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day, in water or any other vehicle. This bark has been successfully administered in uterine hemor- rhage. Powder of Carbonate of Iron. R. Ferri subcarbonatis, 3J. Divide in chartulas vj et signa.—One every six hours in molas- ses. Chorea, neuralgia, &c. The dose may be carried as far as 3ss every four or six hours, but must sometimes be preceded by antiphlogistic treatment. Powder of Colomba, Ginger, fyc. R. Pulveris colombae, -------■ ferri subcarbonatis, ------- rhei, -------■ zingiberis, aa 3J. Misce, et fiant doses xij.—One to be taken three times a-day, in molasses. 176 TONICS. Powder of Colomba and Tartrate of Iron. R. Ferri et potassae tartratis, 9ij. Pulveris colombae, 3ss. Fiant pulveres iv et signa.—One every three or four hours, in sirup. Powder with Rust of Iron, fyc. R. Ferri sulphatis, 9ij. Ferri subcarbonatis, 3iss. Divide in pulveres xij et signa.—One to be taken morning, noon and night, in sirup or molasses. Pills of Protocarbonate of Iron. R. Ferri protocarbonatis, 3j- Ferri subcarbonatis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx, et signa.—A pill' to be taken morning, noon and night. This is one of the latest and best formulae for the chalybeate preparations. The pills as above directed are per- haps too large for convenience ; a difficulty that can be easily obviated by further subdivision. Lactate of Iron. This salt of iron has lately been introduced into the Pharmaco- poeia, but it has no obvious advantage over the ordinary pre- parations.—The dose is from gr. v to 9j. Pills of Cinchona and Camphor. R. Extracti cinchonae, 3j« ------- opii, gr. j. Camphorae, gr. xij. Pulveris cinchonae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xij.—One to be taken three or four times a-day. Ratier. Powder of Prussiate of Iron and Guaiacum. R. Ferri ferrocyanureti, Pulveris guaiaci, aa 3ss vel 3j. Misce et divide in chartulas xij et signa.—One three times a-day. In obstinate intermittents. TONICS. 177 Pills of Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti cinchonae, ------- gentianae, aa 3j. Ferri sulphatis, 3ss. Pulveris myrrhae, 3j> Olei carui, gtt. x. Syrupi zingiberis, q. s. ut fiant pilulae Ix. Signa.—Three to be taken three times a-day. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc. R. Quiniae sulphatis, gr. xv vel xxx. Mucilaginis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—One to be given every hour in the apyrexia of intermit- tent fever. In prescribing quinia in the apyrexia of intermittents, and es- pecially in that of neuralgia, it is often necessary to increase the dose beyond the maximum of the above formula. For example, three, four or five grains may be requisite in those cases in which the neuralgic paroxysms are violent and the intermission short; and this quantity must be repeated every two or three hours, or even every hour. The principal inconveniences arising from the free exhibition of quinia are a painful sense of fulness, noise and dizziness of the head, constriction of the chest, and purging. The latter may be checked by accompanying each pill with a few drops of laudanum, or by a tablespoonful of the sim- ple aqueous infusion of camphor. If the affection of the head or chest becomes severe, the medicine must be suspended or diminished in quantity. There is another principle obtained from the cinchona lancifo- lia, or pale bark, which possesses very nearly the same powers as'quinia. It is called Cinchonia. These preparations produce all the effects of the Peruvian bark, and have now nearly super- seded it. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Quiniae sulphatis, gr. xij. Ammoniae carbonatis, gr. xxiv. Fiant pilulae xij et signa.—One every hour, beginning six hours before the expected paroxysm. These pills are large, but they will act when quinia alone proves 12 178 TONICS. unavailing. Quinia may also be combined advantageously with the oil of black pepper, or other essential oils, in case of irritable stomach. A preparation of the citrate of quinia and iron, has of late been much in vogue. It contains about three parts of iron to one of quinia, and is given in doses of two or three grains. A substance has lately been discovered in the bark of the wil- low, (Salix helix,) which is proved not to be alkaline, but which answers the purpose of quinia in the cure of intermittent fever. It is called salicine, and has been chiefly used in France and Italy.— Vide Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, vol. ii. No. 3. Pills of Salicine. R. Salicinae, gr. xxiv. Mucilaginis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij.—A pill to be taken three or four times a-day. The bark of the common Dogwood (Cornus florida) yields a prin- ciple somewhat analogous to salicine. Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper. R. Cupri ammoniati, 9j. Confectionis rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xl. Signa.—One or two to be taken at bed-time. In epilepsy. Febrifuge Bolus. R. Pulveris cinchonae, Ij. Ammoniae muriatis, ---------carbonatis, aa. gr.' xij. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. xviij. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa et divide in partes xlviij. Signa.—One to be taken four times a-day, during the apyrexia of fever. Hotel Dieu. Pills of Piperine. R. Piperinae purae, gr. xij. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. One every hour during the apyrexia of fever. TONICS. 179 This is one of the preparations lately introduced into practice. It is a white crystalline substance procured from the black pep- per, and was thought to possess considerable febrifuge powers. It is stated by Pelletier, however, that its supposed virtues de- pend only on the acrid concrete oil with which it is associated, and that when perfectly pure it is quite inert. Pills of Arsenic, fyc. R. Acidi arseniosi, gr. j. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. Saponis veneti, gr. viij. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s., fiant massa in pilulas xx dividenda. Signa.—One, two three or four times a-day, increased gradually according to circumstances, watching the effect. In intermittent fever, and local diseases of an intermittent character. Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Arsenic, fyc. R. Ammoniae muriatis, 3ss. Pulveris opii, gr. viij. Acidi arseniosi, gr. iv. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxxij. Of which one may be given three times a-day. In intermittent fever. Each of these pills contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenious acid. The utmost care is requisite in compounding this and all other formulae for solid arsenic, at the same time that its specific action must be closely watched. Pills with the Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri sulphatis, gr. iv. Extracti cinchonae, gr. xxxij. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xvj vel xx dividenda. One to be taken three times a-day. In obstinate interraittents. Pills of the Oxide of Bismuth. R. Bismuthi subnitratis, 3j- Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxx. One to be taken every two hours. In dyspepsia. 180 TONICS. Pills of Ammoniated Iron, fyc. R. Ferri ammoniati, 9j. Pulveris rhei, gr. viij. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas viij dividenda. This formula is recommended in rachitis, and is to be continued with one pill a-day for a fortnight, and then intermitted for the same length of time and again resumed. The object of this di- rection is to prevent the system from becoming habituated to the medicine. Pills of Oxide of Zinc. R. Zinci oxidi, 9ij. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae x. Signa.—One, three or four times a-day. In epilepsy, chorea, &c. Dr. Chapman speaks favorably of this medicine, and recom- mends to begin with the above dose, and gradually to increase it. Pills of Steel Filings. R. Limaturae ferri, gr. xvj. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas vj dividenda. One three times a-day, followed by a draught of some bitter in- fusion. Pills of the Extract of Quassia. R. Extracti quassiae, 3j. Pulveris gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xx. Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day. This is one of the purest bitters, and when a simple tonic is required, a more appropriate preparation cannot be substituted. Pills of Nitrate of Silver, fyc. R. Argenti nitratis, gr. v vel x. Pulveris opii, 5ss. --------camphorae, --------nucis moschatae, aa. 9j. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xx. Dose, a pill morning and evening. In chorea and epilepsy. TONICS. 181 Pills of Nitrate of Silver. R. Argenti nitratis, gr. vel iij. Micae panis, 3SS- Aquae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One to be taken night and morning, gradually increasing them as the case may demand. The nitrate of silver should first be dissolved in a little water, and the crumbs of bread afterwards added. A glass mortar should always be employed in compounding them. Pills of the Sulphate of Iron. R. Ferri sulphatis, 3j- Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xxx. One to be taken morning, noon and night. In dyspepsia, &c. Electuary of Cinchona, Rust of Iron, fyc R. Pulveris cinchonae, --------ferri subcarbonatis, aa. Ij. Copaivae, q. s., ut fiat electuarium. To be made (by the patient) into pills of the ordinary size, of which four may be taken three times a-day. Pills of Nitromuriate of Gold. R. Auri nitromuriatis, gr. v. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas lxxv divi- denda. Signa.—One or two thrice a-day. In syphilis, &c. This metal is placed under the head of tonics by Dr. Chapman, and we have followed his example. Although once much ex- tolled, it is now seldom used. 182 TONICS. MIXTURES, &c. Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. R. Myrrhae, 3j. Ferri sulphatis, 9j. Potassae carbonatis, 3j- Sacchari, 3ij- Aquae, flvj. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful according to circumstances. Given as a tonic in phthisis. Mixture of Sulphuric Acid, fyc. R. Ferri sulphatis, gr. ij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. iv vel vj. Sacchari albi, 3j. Aquae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose, to be repeated every two, three, or four hours, much diluted. Vinous Infusion of Carbonate of Iron, fyc. R. Ferri subcarbonatis, Ijss. Pulveris gentianae, Corticis aurantii, aa Iss. Vini lusitanici rubri, Oij. Macerate for three days, and give a wineglassful two or three times a-day. In dyspepsia. Mixture with Tincture of Bark and Citrate of Potash. R. Succi limonis, fljss. Potassae carbonatis, 3j. Tincturae cinchonae, flj. Aquae cinnamomi, fliij. Misce et signa. A tablespoonful every two hours. To promote insensible perspiration while taking the bark. TONICS. 183 Infusion of Sage, Boneset, fyc R. Salviae officinalis, Eupatorii perfoliati, aa. Iss. Corticis cascarillae, 3j. Infuse in three half-pints of water until cold. Dose, a wineglass- ful every three or four hours, in hectic fever. Decoction of Cinchona. R. Corticis cinchonae contusae, Ij. Aquae, Oj. Boil for ten minutes—and while hot add— Serpentaria? radicis, Iss. Corticis aurantii, 3ij. And suffer them to infuse for half an hour near the fire in a co- vered vessel.—Dose, a wineglassful every hour. If the bark be boiled longer than ten minutes, it deposites ex- tractive and resinous matter, becomes paler, and is less efficient. The last ingredients are directed to be infused because their aromatic properties would be dissipated by decoction. Decoction of Bark, fyc. R. Decocti cinchonae, flvj. Tincturae cinchonae huxhami, flj. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. x. Misce.—A tablespoonful may be taken every hour or two hours pro re natd. By this preparation we obtain both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the bark. Sulphate of Quinia in Sirup. R. Sulphatis quiniae, gr. xvj. Syrupi zingiberis vel limonis, flij. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful to be given every hour during the apyrexia. The French physicians employ a wine and tincture of quinia, which, however, are not superior to the compound used in this country. Both in Europe and America, and especially in Italy, 184 TONICS. the dose is carried to a much greater extent than we have directed. Eight, ten, fifteen, twenty, and even thirty grains have been given by the Italians, without manifest injury and with successful results. Such doses, however, are seldom admissible in this country: and a cure can generally be accomplished by giving sixteen or twenty grains in twenty-four hours, repeated in half doses for three or four successive days. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphatis quiniae, gr. xx. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. j. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquae cinnamomi, flijss. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose, every hour during the apyrexia of intermittents. By the addition of sulphuric acid, a super-sulphate of quinia is formed, which is soluble in the aqueous menstruum. Tincture of Quinia. R. Quiniae, 9j. Alcohol., flss. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, ten to twenty drops every hour. Tincture of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. R. Quiniae ferrocyanitis, gr. iv. Alcoholis, f3j. Solve et adde— Aquae camphorae, f^vij. Misce.—This preparation is said to be more active than the sul- phate, whence it should be given in less doses : a teaspoonful of the solution (which will contain half a grain of the salt) may betaken every hour or two hours, according to circum- stances.* Pills of the ferrocyanate of quinia are prepared with simple mucilage, and administered like the sulphate. The acetate, citrate, muriate and nitrate of Quinia, have also been employed in Europe, and occasionally in this country. They possess no advantages over the ordinary preparations, and are given in much the same quantity. * Vide Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 408. TONICS. 185 Sirup of Cinchonia. R. Sulphatis cinchoniae, gr. xxiv. Syrupi, Oss. Fiat mistura.—A tablespoonful will contain nearly a grain and a-half of the salt, which is a full dose; to be repeated pro re natd. Cinchonia is more readily administered in pills of a grain or two grains each. In intermittent fevers. Mixture of Red Bark in Port Wine, fyc R. Pulveris cinchonae oblongifoliae, Iss. Theriacae andromachi, 3j- Succi limonis, f3ij. Vini lusitania?, fliv. Misce et signa.—A wineglassful every second hour during the apyrexia of intermittent fever. We find this prescription strongly recommended in the N. A. Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr. Meigs. Mixture with Decoction and Tincture of Bark, fyc. R. Decocti cinchonae, fliij. Tincturae huxami, flj. v Pulveris cinchonae, f3*j- Syrupi, flss. Fiat mistura.—A tablespoonful to be taken every one or two hours during the absence of fever. Mixture with Extract of Bark, fyc R. Extracti cinchonae, 3j- Decocti cinchonae, flvj. Tincturae cardamomi, fliv. Misce.—A tablespoonful for a dose, as above directed. Tincture of Cinchona, Valerian, fyc. R. Tincturae cinchonae, --------Valerianae, aa flj. --------cardamomi, f3ij- Aquae menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura.—Of this mixture a tablespoonful may be given every third hour. It is especially designed as a tonic in nerv- ous temperaments. 186 TONICS. Mixture of Fowler's Solution, fyc R. Liquoris potassae arsenitis, gtt. lx. Tincturae opii, gtt. xxx. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, f3j. Aquae cinnamomi, fliv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful for an adult, a teaspoon- ful for a child ;°to be administered every two or three hours, during the apyrexia of intermittents, watching the effect. Arsenical Mixture. R. Liquoris potassae arsenitis, gtt. x. Aquae destillatae, flj. Tincturae opii, gtt. x. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, f3ss. To be taken at a dose. This mixture is recommended by Dr. Graves, when the simple arsenical solution irritates the stomach. Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. R. Tincturae gentianae compositae, fliv. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, f3ss. Misce.—A small teaspoonful to be taken in sugar and water, three or four times a-day. Tincture of Bark. R. Tincturae cinchonae compositae, flj. Signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose, every two hours. In the same doses as the above may be taken, Tinctura columbae—et Tinctura gentianae composita. Muriated Tincture of Iron. R. Tincturae ferri chloridi, flj. From five to twenty drops to be taken in a glass of cold chamo- mile tea, twice or thrice a-day. In passive hemorrhage. TONICS. 187 Infusion of Columba and Ginger. R. Columbae contusae, Ij. Zingiberis, 3ij« Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Give of the strained liquor (cold) a wineglassful every two hours. This infusion, freely used, is adapted to chronic diarrhoea. Infusion of Columba, Rhubarb, fyc. R. Carui contusi, Radicis columbae, -------rhei, aa. 9j. Aquae ferventis, f I viij. Digest for two hours, and strain. R. Liquor, colati, fliijss. Tincturae rhei, f3j. Syrupi zingiberis, f3ij- Misce.—Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful for children, ac- cording to their age. In diarrhoea. Mixture of Sulphate of Iron and Elixir of Vitriol. R. Ferri sulphatis, gr. iv. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, flj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A teaspoonful to be taken three times a-day in a wineglass of water. Vinegar Draught. R. Acidi acetici, f3j- Tincturae cardamomi compositae, flss. Syrupi siraplicis, flss. Aquae, fix. Misce.—To be taken in such portions as the stomach can bear. In sick headache. 188 TONICS. Acorn Coffee. R. Pulveris glandis torrefactae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Three or four teacupfuls may be taken during the day, and augmented according to circumstances. The above is a favorite remedy wTith the Germans. "It is one of the most successful in mesenteric atrophy, commencing rachitis, glandular swellings, asthma and cough. Continued for a long time, it is one of the most powerful means we possess for destroy- ing the scrofulous disposition."—Hufeland. Treatise on Scrofula, p. 215. Infusion of Quassia, fyc R. Quassiae, Serpentariae, Corticis aurantii, aa Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oij. Fiat infusum et cola.—A teacupful to be taken cold, three times a-day. Decoction of Bark and Valerian. R. Corticis cinchonae contusae, Ij. Boil in a pint of water for ten minutes, and strain. R. Valerianae contusae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for one hour and strain.—Add the decoction of bark to this infusion, and give a teacupful cold, three or four times a-day. This was a favorite prescription with the late Dr. Parrish, in rheumatic and nervous headache. Cold Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel. R. Anthemidis, Ij. Corticis aurantii, Iss. Aquae, Oiij. Macerate for twenty-four hours.—Dose, a teacupful three or four times a-day. The infusion of chamomile made with cold, is in general more TONICS. 189 grateful to the patient than when made with boiling water. The same remark applies to infusions generally, and they are also less liable to ferment. Decoction of Angustura Bark. R. Cuspariae contusae, Ij. Aquae, Ojss. Boil for fifteen or twenty minutes and strain. Of this decoction a wineglassful may be taken every two hours. Infusion of Wild-cherry Bark. R. Pruni virginiani, Ij. Aurantii corticis, 3ij- Aquae, Oj. Infuse the bark alone for an hour, and then add the orange peel. A wineglassful may be taken every hour or two in consumptive cases, asthma, &c. Infusion of Serpentaria. R. Serpentariae, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour.—A wineglassful every hour or two hours, pro re natd. Compound Tincture of Aloes, Gentian, fyc. R. Aloes, Ij. Pulveris zedoariae, --------gentianae, --------croci, --------rhei, --------agarici, aa 3J. Syrupi, flij. To be mixed into a quart of brandy. This is the celebrated Baume de vie, or Elixir of Life. It is a powerful tonic, and one of the most effectual febrifuge medicines. In intermittents, especially, it is justly celebrated. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a-day, in water. 190 TONICS. Decoction of Dog-wood Bark. R. Corni floridae contusi, Ij. Aquae, Oj. Boil for twenty or thirty minutes, and strain.—A wineglassful may be given every hour, as a substitute for Peruvian bark in inter- mittents. Infusion of Hops. R. Humuli, Ij. Aquae fervenlis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain by expression. Of this a wine- glassful maybe taken three or four times a-day. In dyspepsia. Infusion of Boneset. R. Eupatorii, Ij. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain.—Of this a wineglassful may be taken every one or two hours, cold. In intermittent fever. Enema of Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti cinchonae, 5ss. Aquae tepidae, fliv. Solve; dein adde— Olei olivae, flss. Tincturae opii, gtt. x. Fiat enema.—To be administered every fourth hour. In inter- mittents. When preferred, the powdered bark may be used, say 3ij. mixed with some of the decoction instead of common water. Bark is also employed externally in the form of a waistcoat, worn next the skin. A poultice made by mixing the powder and de- coction into a paste, maybe applied to the region of the stomach; and lastly, the decoction is used as a semicupium. Enema of Quinia. Quinia is employed in enemata, and in this form has an imme- diate and powerful effect on intermittent fevers. From twelve to twenty grains of the sulphate of quinia, dissolved in a tea- cupful of flaxseed or other mucilage, may be administered at a time, and repeated in four or six hours. ALTERATIVES. 191 Infusion of Cinchona with Lime-water. R. Cinchonae cordifoliae, Iij. Liquor, calcis, Oij. Misce, et fiat infusum. This infusion was formerly much employed. A wineglassful may be taken three or four times per diem, or once every hour, in intermittent and other forms of fever. Gentianin. This substance was obtained by an elaborate chemical process from the root of the Gentiana lutea. It is intensely bitter, but possesses no advantages over the common preparations of gen- tian. Magendie gives two formulae for its administration; but it is now almost discarded from the materia medica. R. Gentianinae, gr. v. Alcoholis, flj. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, two teaspoonsful, which will contain a lit- tle more than a grain of the medicine. In scrofulous affections. Sirup of Gentianin. R. Gentianinae, gr. xvj. Syrupi, Oj. Misce.—Dose, a wineglassful, which will contain a grain. Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Gentianae concisae, Iss. Cortis aurantii, 3ij- Seminum cardamomi, 3ss. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Fiat infusum. Gentian is an excellent bitter. The above preparation is given in wineglassful doses, in debility of the digestive organs, &c. ALTERATIVES. Alteratives have been defined—medicines that re-establish the healthy functions of the animal economy, without producing any active evacuation. This class of remedies, therefore, embraces numerous preparations which produce a slow but decided effect 192 ALTERATIVES. on the various secreting organs, sometimes without any sensible increase of the secretions themselves, but in other instances ob- viously augmenting or magnifying them. Such is the action of minute doses of mercury, iodine and other substances upon the glandular apparatus. These medicines are generally classed with stimulants and tonics, some of them with narcotics, and others have been placed with those preparations to which they seem most allied when given in an over-dose—sialagogues, for exam- ple. Without attempting to investigate this question farther than regards practical convenience, we proceed in this place to indi- cate the more active and important Alteratives; merely premising the familiar truth, that medicines of almost every class of the materia medica become alteratives by being administered in very small doses at intervals of a few hours. - AZthereal Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, gr. vj. .ZEtheris sulphurici, f3ij- Misce.—Thirty drops contain one grain of iodine.—Dose, ten drops two or three times a-day, largely diluted. In cutaneous and glandular diseases. Compound Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, Iss. Potassii iodidi, Ij. Alcohol, Oj. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, five to fifteen drops, pro re natd. Mixture of Iodide of Potassium, fyc. R. Iodidi potassii, gr. x vel 9j. Magnesiae sulphatis, Iss. Potassae et antimonii tartratis, gr. ss. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Misce et signa.—A teaspoonful three or four times a-day. In scrofula. Saturated Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, 9ij. Alcohol, flj. Spiritus lavandulae compositi, fgij. Fiat solutio.—This is Mr. Durand's saturated solution. The dose is ten or twenty drops, which may be gradually increased, watching its effects. ALTERATIVES. 193 Iodine with Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodini, gr. iij. Potassii iodidi, gr. vj. ^ Aquae destillatae, flj. Solve et signa.—Dose, six to ten or twenty drops thrice a-day in a draught of cold water. If it produce dizziness, pain in the bowels, or other unpleasant symptoms, diminish the quantity. The author of " Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption," strongly recommends this formula in catarrh, phthisis, &c. It has a powerful effect in glandular disease, and all affections of the mucous membranes. Mixture of Tincture of Iodine, fyc. R. Tincturae iodini, fsj. Mucilaginis acaciae, flij. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours. Em- ployed in cases of ulceration accompanied by purulent dis- charge from the meatus auditorius, and in the scrofulous dia- thesis. See Astringents. Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Ferri iodidi, 3j- Aquae destillatae, flj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, six to ten drops, morning, noon and night, in a wineglass of cold water. Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Ferri iodidi, gr. xxiv. Aquae destillatae, flj. Fiat solutio.—An ordinary teaspoonful contains about three grains, which is a full dose. Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Potassii iodidi, gr. xxxvj. Aquae destillatae, flj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, ten to twenty drops, morning, noon and night, in a wineglass of sweetened water. Each dose will contain between one and two grains of the iodide. Magendie. 13 194 ALTERATIVES. Solution of the loduretted Hydriodate of Potassa. R. Iodini, 9j. Potassii iodidi, 9ij. Aquae destillatae, flvij. Fiat solutio.—Dose, six drops, morning and evening, in a wine- glass of water. In scrofulous and scirrhous diseases. Dunglison's New Remedies, p. 396. Tyrrell's Mixture of loduretted Hydriodate of Potassa. R. Iodini, gr. ss. Potassii iodidi, 3ss. Syrupi papaveris, Iss. Aquae, Oss. Fiat mistura.—Given in a dose of a wineglassful three times a-day. In syphilis combined with scrofula. Vide Dunglison, ut supra. Mixture of Iodo-hydrargyrate of Potassa. R. Iodidi potassii, gr. iijss. Iodidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. ivss. Aquae destillatae, flj. Dissolve first the iodide of potassium, and then the biniodide of mercury, in the water. The compound salt in this solution may be assumed at eight grains, although there is a small ex- cess of the iodide of potassium. The dose is from two to five . drops, containing from the thirtieth to the twelfth part of a grain, which may be repeated three times a-day, much diluted. Dr. Channing. Tincture of Iodo-hydrar gyrate of Potassium. R. Potassae iodo-hydrargyratis, gr. j. Spiritus vini tenuioris, flj. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, ten to twenty drops three times a-day, much diluted. loduretted Sulphuric Ether. R. iEtheris sulphurici, f3j. Iodini, gr. vj. Solve.—Thirty drops of this solution contain a grain of iodine. Six drops constitute a full dose. To be largely diluted. ALTERATIVES. 195 Magendie's Anti-epileptic Solution. R. Potassii iodini, 3iv. Iodidi, gr. ij. Aquae menthae destillatae, flvj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, a spoonful thrice per diem. Iodine Waters. The physicians of Europe, and especially of Paris, have made extensive and salutary use of iodine waters, both internally and externally. In these the iodine is very much diluted, and generally with the addition of more or less common salt. These waters are prepared on a large scale and with great precision by the Pharmaceutists of Paris ; but they have been but partially introduced into this country. M. Magendie, however, gives formulae for some extemporaneous Iodine waters, which may answer all the purposes of the more elaborate preparations. The following is an example :— loduretted Water. R. Potassii iodidi, gr. vj. Iodini, gr. j. Aquae, Oij. Fiat solutio.—This solution is directed to be drank at meals, in place of common water. That iodine is one of the most powerful alteratives at present known, there can be no question. There are few diseases de- pendent upon or connected with morbid secretion of the glandular structures, but what are more or less modified by its use, while in others it acts as a direct curative agent. It is chiefly, how- ever, in scrofulous, glandular and cutaneous affections that it acts most beneficially, dispersing indurations of the glands, and re- storing the secretions of the cutaneous and mucous apparatus: whence its advantages in eruptive diseases, bronchitis, leucorrhoea, amenorrhoea, &c. &c. It has been found to restore suppressed haemorrhoidal and catamenial discharges, and when pushed too far, has even produced alarming hemorrhage of the lungs, nose and uterus. These facts should make the practitioner extremely cautious in its administration, beginning with small doses, and watching their effects. Should it produce any of the incon- veniences already mentioned, or dizziness, nausea, purging, burn- 196 ALTERATIVES. ing of the skin or swelling of the gums, it should be at once suspended, or given less frequently and in smaller doses. It is well known that iodine was first discovered in sea-weed and sponges; and the latter having long had the reputation of being a cure for goitre, it was found that iodine was the active remedial agent. We give below two prescriptions for the use of Sponge as formerly in vogue, but now nearly superseded by the preparations of pure iodine. Burnt Sponge. R. Spongiae ustae, Ij. Sacchari albi, 9j. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day, gradually augmenting the dose. In Bronchocele. Decoction of Sponge. R. Spongiae concisae et torrefactae, Ij. Aquae destillatae, Oj- Coque et infunde duodecem horas.—Of this, filtered and rendered palatable by the addition of a little mint water, a tablespoonful or more may be taken every three hours. Phosphate of Ammonia. R. Phosphatis ammoniae, Iss. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat solutio.—A tablespoonful to be taken every four hours. The preceding formula is that of Dr. Buckler, who recom- mends it in those cases of gout and rheumatism in which little acid is present in the urine ; as well as in all the chronic modi- fications of those diseases, especially when they are associated with chronic thickening of the white tissues.* Strychnia. We have (under the head of Narcotics) noticed several pre- scriptions for using this extremely poisonous substance; but as it is chiefly given as an alterative, we now add some additional modes of administration. Strychnia is much in vogue in the whole class of nervous diseases, paralysis, whether general or local, neuralgia, chorea, hysteria, &c. It is also employed in syphilis, amenorrhoea, dyspepsia, bronchitis, and, in fact, in all cases where an alterative course is indicated. * American Journal of Medical Sciences, January, 1846. ALTERATIVES. 197 Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Strychniae acetatis, gr. iij. Alcoholis, f3j. Aquae cinnamomi, f3viij. Misce.—Dose, five drops twice a-day, cautiously increasing it. Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 450. Tincture of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Strychniae acetatis, gr. iss. Alcoholis, flss. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, five to ten drops thrice per diem. In sy- philitic pains of the bones, &c- Dunglison, ut supra. A Sulphate of Strychnia is also in use. It is prepared like the Acetate, of course substituting sulphuric acid. It has no ad- vantages over the preparations already given, and is little used. See Magendie, Formulaire, deme ed. p. 30. Brucia. The alkaline principle called Brucia, or Brucine, is contained in the Angustura bark, nux vomica and St. Ignatius's bean. That obtained from the bark is preferable for medicinal purposes. It possesses the properties of Strychnia, but in less degree. It may be administered in doses of half a grain to a grain; but the mini- mum dose should be first given, and the quantity gradually aug- mented. Pills of Brucia. R. Bruciae, gr. xij. Confectionis rosae, q. s., ut fiat massa. Divide in pilulas xxiv. Signa.—One pill to be taken four times a-day, and gradually increased. Tincture of Brucia. R. Alcoholis, flj. Bruciae, gr. xviij. Fiat tinctura.—From six to ten drops may be taken in a draught of water. 198 ALTERATIVES. Mixture of Brucia. R. Bruciae, gr. vj. Aquae destillatae fliv. Sacchari, 3ij- Fiat (mistura. Dose, half a tablespoonful night and morning. These preparations are chiefly used in paralysis and the entire series of spasmodic affections. Bromine. This substance, which is allied to chlorine and iodine, is ob- tained from salt springs and other mineral waters. In medicine it is chiefly used in combination with potassa. Solution of Bromide of Potassium. R. Potassii bromidi, gr. xviij. Aquae destillatae, fliij. Syrupi tolu, flj. Fiat mistura.—A teaspoonful every three hours. Pills of Bromide of Iron. R. Ferri bromidi pulverisati, gr. xij. Confectionis rosae, gr. xviij. Acaciae, gr. xij. Misce et fiant pilulae xx secundem artem. Two pills to be taken in the morning, and two in the evening, or, one three times a-day. Inhypertrophy of the heart, and scrofulous affec- tions.—Magendie. Mercury. The mercurial preparations constitute the most decided and efficient medicines of this class. In addition to several formulae inserted under the head of Sialagogues, the following may be appropriately noticed in this place. Calomel Pills. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. ij. Confectionis rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Of which one may be taken every hour or two hours. In maras- mus, &c. &c. The use of calomel in minute doses has become very general, ALTERATIVES. 199 and deservedly so. In the hepatic and intestinal complaints of children, it is productive of the happiest results when carefully managed. In infants, for example, the sixteenth or eighth of a grain, re- peated every hour or two hours, according to age and circum- stance, will often check diarrhoea, cholera infantum, and dysentery, which have resisted every other treatment. If the discharges are attended by pain and tenesmus, small doses of powdered opium or laudanum may be added; but, as a general rule, the anodyne had better be given by injection. The preparation called blue-pill (pilula hydrargyri) is indicated in similar conditions, and is especially beneficial whenever an alterative is called for. A grain given at bed-time, or even a grain in divided portions through the day, will often produce the desired effect. Hence its extensive use in chronic and obscure derangements of the digestive organs, especially of the stomach and liver; in the whole class of syphilitic affections; glandular enlargements; &c. In like manner all the mercurial preparations mentioned under the head of Sialagogues, become alteratives by cautious admi- nistration in doses more or less minute, and especially when they are given in conjunction with the preparations of sarsaparilla. Pills of Calomel, Quinia, Opium, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. Quiniae sulphatis, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulae xij dividenda. Signa.—One night and morning. Pills of Blue Mass, Quinia, fyc. R. Pilulae. hydrargyri, Quiniae sulphatis, Pulveris aloes, aa. gr. xij. Syrupi rhei aromatici, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One, three or four times a-day. Either of the above prescriptions is adapted to the condition that follows bilious intermittent or remittent fever. They may be denominated tonic alteratives. 200 ALTERATIVES. Arsenic Arsenic is a powerful alterative, and one that should be admi- nistered with the utmost circumspection. In addition to the for- mulae already given, the following may be found useful. Pills of Arsenic and Black Pepper. R. Acidi arseniosi, gr. iv. Piperis nigri, 5ij- Pound these substances in a mortar for a few days at intervals, after which water enough is to be gradually added to form a pill mass, which should be divided into one hundred pills: the French physicians direct double that number, and restrict the patient to one or two pills daily. This preparation of arsenic is regarded in India as an infallible cure for tuberculous lepra. Pills of the Arseniate of Iron. R. Ferri proto-arseniatis, gr. iij. Extracti humuli, 3ij« Pulveris althaeae, 3ss. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiant massa. To be divided into forty-eight pills, of which one is given daily. Prescribed by Dr. Biett in scrofulous, cancerous, and herpetic diseases. Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. R. Liquoris hydriodatis arsenici et hydrargyri, f3ij. Aquae destillatae, fliijss. Syrupi zingiberis, flss. Misce.—A small tablespoonful night and morning. Chiefly given in scrofula and cutaneous eruptions.—Donovan, in Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 288. Cod-liver Oil, (Gadus Morrhua.) This preparation, which is now divested of any nauseous smell or taste, is given in doses of half an ounce to two or even three ounces twice a-day. To children, a teaspoonful. It is said to be of service in all strumous affections, and in the chronic forms of gout and rheumatism. In place of the pure oil the following formula may be prescribed: ALTERATIVES. 201 R. Olei jecinoris aselli, fliv. Acaciae, Sacchari, aa. 3ij- Aquae cinnamomi vel menthae, fliv. Fiat mistura. Dose, one or two tablespoonsful morning and evening. In place of mint or cinnamon water, pure water may be used, adding five or six drops of the oil of anise. MINERAL ACIDS. Nitro-muriatic Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, f3ss. ---- muriatici, f3j. Aquae, flviij. Misce, et adde— Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3j vel f£ij. Fiat mistura et signa.—From twenty drops to half a teaspoonful, to be given every three hours, in a wineglass of sweetened water. These acids, in the same proportions, are also employed as a bath in hepatic derangements. To accomplish this end, put a teaspoonful of the compound acid into a quart of warm water, and apply it to the region of the liver night and morning, by means of a soft sponge. Diluted Nitric Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, f^ss vel f3j. Aquae, Oij. Sacchari, Ij. Fiat mistura.—One-eighth of this quantity may be taken daily, in divided doses. In lues venerea. Ferriar, Med. Hist. Mixture of Nitric Acid. R. Acidi nitrici, f3ss. Pulveris acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. 3iij- Aquae, flviij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A small tablespoonful largely diluted, and sweetened, pro re natd. 202 ALTERATIVES. Nitric acid may be prescribed as a tonic in the above form, or simply diluted with water. It is best taken through a quill, as the teeth suffer when it comes in contact with them. It some- times arrests the colliquative sweats of hectic fever when other remedies fail. For Narcotic Inhalation, see Inhalation, p. 96. CLASS XV. ASTRINGENTS. Doctor Cullen describes astringents to be " such substances as applied to the human body, produce contraction and condensa- tion in the soft solids, and thereby increase their density and force of cohesion." "And by the operation of this corrugating power," adds Dr. Murray, "either directly exerted on a part, or extended by sympathetic action, the morbid affections arising from a state of relaxation are supposed to be removed." In the use of this class of medicines a caution suggests itself; namely, that they should not be given to arrest evacuations that are critical, and designed by nature to relieve a plethoric state of the system, unless such an evacuation exists to an alarming ex- tent. PILLS, POWDERS, &c. Compound Powder of Alum. R. Aluminis, 9j. Pulveris kino, gr. v. Fiant pulveres v et signa.—One every two hours. In obstinate diarrhoea. This compound, though much employed by some practitioners, contains substances incompatible with each other. In menor- rhagia, &c. Powder of Sugar of Lead and Calomel. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. j vel ij. Plumbi acetatis, gr. ss ad gr. j. Fiant pulveresiv.—One every three hours. In Cholera infant- um The above dose is adapted to any period between ten and twenty months of age. Dr. T. D. Mitchell. 204 ASTRINGENTS, Powder with Alum and Opium. R. Aluminis, 3ss. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours. In diarrhoea. Pills of Acetate of Lead and Calomel. R. Plumbi acetatis, 3ss. Calomel, gr. v. Confectionis rosae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae x.—One to be given every two, three, or four hours, according to circumstances. In hemorrhage, and espe- cially in hematemesis. Sugar of Lead and Opium. R. Plumbi acetatis, 9j. Opii, gr. j. Misce, et divide in pilulas xij.—A pill to be taken every hour at first, and then every two hours. This is Dr. Graves's prescrip- tion for the treatment of cholera. Pills of Acetate of Lead and Opium. R. Plumbi acetatis, gr. xij. Pulveris opii, gr. vj. Confectionis rosae, q.s.,ut fiat massa, in pilulas vj dividenda. One to be taken for a dose, according to circumstances. In haemoptysis and other hemorrhages. Bolus with Alum and Extract of Bark. R. Aluminis, Extracti cinchonae, Nucis myristicae, aa 9ss. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiat bolus. To be given in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated pro re natd. t ASTRINGENTS. 205 Pills of Alum, Catechu, fyc. R. Aluminis, gr. vj. Extracti opii, gr. j. Catechu, gr. j. To be divided into six pills, one of which is to be given every two, three or four hours. In passive hemorrhage, and in atonic mucous discharges. Pills of Rhatany. R. Extracti krameriae, 9j. Pulveris kino, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij.—Signa, a pill to be given every hour or two hours. In the profluvia. Pills of Creasote. B. Creasoti, gtt. x. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, Mucilaginis, aa q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx.—Dose, a pill thrice in the day. In bronchitis, neuralgia, &c. Creasote Mixture. R. Creasoti, gtt. vj. Mucilaginis acaciae, fliv. Sacchari, 3j« Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful diluted, every two or three hours. In hemorrhages. Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. R. Creasoti, gtt. j. Alcoholis, gtt. xvj. Misce.—A drop or two of this solution dropped into the cavity of an aching tooth, is said to afford immediate relief. Marinus. Tannin Pills. R. Tanninae,. gr. viij vel xij. Gummi vel Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij. One may be given every two or three hours. In gonorrhoea, &c. 206 ASTRINGENTS. Pills of Tannin and Morphia. R. Tanninae, 9j. Morphiae sulphatis, gr. j. Mucilaginis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae, x. One to be given every two or three hours. Blue mass may be added according to circumstances. In diarrhoea and dysen- tery. Chalk Mixture. R. Cretae praeparatae, 3iss. Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa. q. s. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl vel lx. Misce.—Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Another formula for chalk mixture will be given under the head of Absorbents and Antacids. When a strongly astringent chalk mixture is desirable, we add to the above formula tinct. kino, fjij., or the same quantity of tincture of krameria, catechu, or nuttgalls. Camphor, Luadanum, and Nitric Acid or Hope's Mixture. R. Aquae camphorae, fliv. Acidi nitrici, gtt. iv. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl vel lx. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diar- rhoea and dysentery. This is the well known and very efficacious preparation called Hopes mixture If the nitric acid is added in larger proportion, it is liable to defeat the object of the prescription. Camphor Water, Lavender, fyc. R. Aquae camphorae, fliv. Tincturae lavandulae compositae, f3ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. xl vel lx. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. ASTRINGENTS. 207 This prescription is adapted to the same cases as the preced- ing one. Electuary of Catechu and Opium. R. Confectionis catechu, Ij. Suited to cases of diarrhoea, in teaspoonful doses. Ten scruples contain one grain of opium. Pills of Kino, Opium, fyc R. Pulveris kino, gr. xx. --------opii, gr. ij. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae iv. Of which take one every four hours. In diarrhoea, pyrosis, &c. Monesia. This substance is the product of a tree that grows in Chili, but its botanical affinities are unknown. It is given in the form of extract, twelve or twenty grains daily, divided into three grain pills. There is also a tincture of monesia, of which the dose is f3j twice per diem. In leucorrhoea, diarrhoea, menorrhagia, &c. &c. Pure Argil and Logwood. R. Argillae purae, 9ij. Decocti hematoxyli, fliv. Fiat solutio. Dose for a child, a teaspoonful every two or three hours. Dr. Neumann. Mixture of Pure Argil. R. Argillae purae, 3ss. Acaciae, 3j- Sacchari, 3ij- Aquae foeniculi, fliij. Misce et signa.—For a child a year old a teaspoonful every two nours# Dunglison, New Remedies. Infusion of Galls. R. Gallae contusae, 3ij- Aquae bullientis, fix. Infuse for four hours, and strain.—To be taken in doses of a table- spoonful every hour or two hours. In diarrhoea. It may be rendered more agreeable by the addition of some aromatic. 208 ASTRINGENTS. Infusion of Galls and Chalk. R. Infusi gallarum, fliv. Cretae praeparatae, Iss. Tincturae opii, f3ss. Acaciae, 3j. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diar- rhoea. Infusion of Logwood. R. Haernatoxyli ligni, Iss. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for two or three hours, and strain. Of this a tablespoonful is »iven to a child every two or three hours. In cholera and diarrhoea. Mixture of Extract of Logwood, fyc. R. Extracti haernatoxyli, Siij. Tincturae catechu, f3ij. Aquae, flvij. Misce et signa.—Two spoonsful to be given once in three or four hours. In the advanced stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. Mixture with Extract of Bark and Alum. R. Extracti cinchonae, 3ss vel 3j- Aluminis, 9ij. Aquae cinnamomi, fliij. Syrupi, flj. Misce et signa.—Two teaspoonsful every two hours. In low dis- eases accompanied with hemorrhage. Mixture with Tincture of Catechu, fyc. R. Tincturae catechu, flj. -------- opii, gtt. lx. Acaciae, 3>j- Aquae cinnamomi, flvj. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc and Alum. As under Emetics. ASTRINGENTS. 209 Alum Whey. R. Lactis vaccinae bullientis, Oj. Pulveris aluminis, 3ij- Boil them until the coagulum separates, and strain. A cupful to be taken occasionally. In diabetes, &c. Peruvian Bark with Lime-water. R. Pulveris cinchonae, Iss. Aquae calcis, flviij. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours, or oftener if necessary. In diarrhoea and menorrhagia. Sirup of Galls, Brandy, fyc. R. Gallarum contusarum, 3ij- Spiritus gallici, flviij. Misce.—Burn out the spirit; then add— Corticis cinnamomi, Macis, aa. 3ij» While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy until a sirup is formed. Decant the pure sirup. Dose, a tablespoon- ful every two hours. In chronic and obstinate diarrhoea. Dr. Parrish. Solution of Sulphate of Copper, fyc. R. Cupri sulphatis, gr. iij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. x. Aquae destillatae, Ij vel flij. Fiat solutio et signa.—From twenty to forty drops to be given every one or two hours in sirup, pro re natd. In menorrhagia. Mixture of Extract of Rhatany, fyc R. Extracti krameriae, 3j- Syrupi papaveris, Aquae rosae, aa. flij. Fiat solutio et signa.—A teaspoonful for a dose, pro re natd. In passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. M. Fouquier. 14 210 COLLYRIA. COLLYRIA. These are preparations applied to the eyes; they are sometimes dry, but generally liquid—consisting of infusions, decoctions, or distilled waters, with the addition of various substances. Dry Collyrium of Sugar, fyc. R. Sacchari, Zinci oxidi, aa partes equales. Tere in pulverem. M. Recamier. Dry Collyrium of Mercury, fyc R. Sacchari albi, 3ij- Hydrargyri oxidi rubri, gr. x. Zinci oxidi impuri praeparati, 9j. Fiat pulvis. M. Dupuytren. Dry Collyrium of Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iv. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Sacchari, aa 9j. Tere bene. These compounds are blown into the eyes for the removal of specks on the cornea resulting from inflammation. Powder of Blue Vitriol, fyc. R. Cupri sulphatis, Boli armeniae, aa. Ij. Camphorae, 3ij. Fiat pulvis.—Put Ij of this powder into a pint of boiling water; filter the solution, and mix 3j of it with Ij of clear water, and apply it to the purulent eyes of infants by means of a syrinoe, pro re nata.— Cooper's Surgery. ° Alum Curd. R. Pulveris aluminis, 3ss. Albuminis Ovi, j. Agitate them well until a coagulum be formed.-To be applied on a linen rag to inflamed eyes. It should be removed in three or lour hours. COLLYRIA. 211 Alum Collyrium. R. Pulveris aluminis, gr. xij vel xx. Aquae rosae, fliv. Fiat solutio.—To be applied to the eye in chronic inflammation. Collyrium of Iodide of Potassium. R. Aquae rosae, flvj. Potassii iodidi, gr. xxiv. Iodini, gr. j vel ij. Fiat collyrium. To be applied to the eyes three or four times in the day. In scrofulous ophthalmia, and ulcerations of the cor- nea and conjunctiva. Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. R. Zinci sulphatis, Plumbi acetatis, aa gr. vj. Aquae rosae, fliv. Fiat solutio. In this prescription a double decomposition takes place; the acetate of zinc is held in solution, while the sulphate of lead falls to the bottom. It should be filtered, or used without shaking. Collyrium of Acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Liquoris plumbi acetatis, gtt. xij. Vini opii, gtt. xl. Aquae rosae, fliv. Fiat collyrium. Collyrium of Vinegar, fyc R. Aceti destillati, f5j. Alcoholis, flss. Aquae rosae, flviij. Fiat mistura et signa.—To be applied to weak eyes, and to ophthalmia after depletion. 212 COLLYRIA. Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia and Camphor. R. Liquoris ammoniae acetatis, flij. Misturae camphorae, flvj. Misce et signa.—For eyes requiring a mild astringent and stimu- lant application. Collyrium with Acetate of Ammonia with Opium. R. Liquoris ammoniae acetatis, flij. Aquae ferventis, flvj. Extracti opii mollis, gr. x. Dissolve the extract of opium in the hot water, strain, and add the liquor of acetate of ammonia. In acute ophthalmia when considerable pain remains after depletion. Collyrium of Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri sulphatis, gr. vj. Camphorae, 3j. Aquae ferventis, flviij. Rub the camphor with the water—then strain, and add the sul- phate of copper. This is nearly the same as the formula recommended by Mr. Ware in the treatment of purulent ophthalmia. Collyrium of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, flviij. Fiat solutio. The above may be advantageously used in gonorrhceal oph- thalmia, as also in that of a scrofulous character. Collyrium of Opium and Camphor. R. Extracti opii mollis, gr. x. Camphorae, gr. vj. Aquae ferventis, flxij. Rub the camphor and opium well together in a mortar and add the water. Ihen strain before using. COLLYRIA. 213 Collyrium of Poppies, fyc R. Fomenti papaveris capsularum, liv. Aquae rosae, Misturae camphorae, aa flij. Misce.—Either of the last two collyria is adapted to the early stages of ophthalmia. These collyria can be most successfully applied to the eyes by introducing the point of a small syringe into the outer angle, and gradually injecting them. Collyrium of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitratis argenti, gr. j vel ij. Aquae destillatae, flij. Fiat solutio.—In acute ophthalmia, and to promote the absorp- tion of nebulae of the cornea. Emollient Collyrium. R. Radicis althaeae officinalis, 3ij« Aquae destillatae, Oj. Infuse for three hours near the fire, and strain.—In inflammation of the conjunctiva accompanied with violent irritation. Anodyne Collyrium. R. Colchici autumnalis, 3j- Infusi lini bullientis, fliv. Tincturae opii, f3j. Fiat mistura.—For ophthalmia accompanied with great sensi- bility. M. Jadelot. Strychnia Collyrium. R. Strychniae purae, gr. ij vel iv. Acidi acetici diluti, Aquae destillatae, aa flj. Fiat solutio.—A drop or two, diluted or not according to circum- stances, to be applied to the eye several times a-day. Dr. Ryan on amaurosis. 214 ASTRINGENT INJECTIONS. INJECTIONS. Injections are liquid compositions of emollient, astringent, or stimulating substances. The parts into which they are thrown are, the external auditory passages, the canal of the urethra, the bladder, and also fistulous cavities, the tunica vaginalis in the case of hydrocele, and the vagina. When employed in the cure of gonorrhoea, two circumstances merit especial attention, viz., the manner of injecting them and the frequency of using them. When the common syringe is used, the pipe should be perfectly smooth, short and conical, so that it cannot pass more than a quarter of an inch into the urethra. The patient should oil the pipe before using it, seat himself on the edge of a chair so as to avoid pressing the perinaeum, draw the penis forward on the syringe with the left hand, and throw up the injection to the seat of disease, (previously ascertained,) with the other. As respects the frequency of injecting, it may be observed, that five or six times a-day are not too often, and that the cure will be retarded by using these remedies at longer intervals. We cannot forbear remarking, that gonorrhoeal inflammation, situated near the ex- tremity of the penis, can be often cured by a routine plan; but when seated higher up the canal, and affecting Cowper's gland or the prostate, it becomes a serious disease, the cure of which ought not to be undertaken by persons ignorant of the structure of the parts and the nature of morbid action. Injection of Pyroligneous Acid for the Ear. R. Acidi pyrolignei, f^ij. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Fiat injectio.—To be injected twice a day with a silver syringe, in purulent discharge from the meatus auditorius. Buchanan on the Ear. Injection of Catechu for the Ear. R. Extracti catechu, gr. xij. Aquae bullientis, flvj. Fiat injectio.—To be used four or five times a-day. Idem. Pyroligneous Acid, Ether, fyc, for the Ear. R. Acidi pyrolignei, Spiritus aetheris sulphurici, Olei terebinthinae, aa partes equales. Misce et signa.—Introduce two drops into the meatus auditorius every night, when the cerumen is deficient in quantity.—Idem. ASTRINGENT INJECTIONS. 215 Peruvian Balsam, fyc, for the Ear. R. Fellis bovini, f3iij. Myroxyli, f3j. Misce.—To be dropped occasionally into the ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing the ear every day with a weak solution of soap and water. Dr. Hugh Smith. Injection of Corrosive Sublimate, fyc. R. Zinci sulphatis, gr. x. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquae rosae, flviij. Fiat injectio.—In gleet. This powerful remedy should be employed with great caution. Injection of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc. R. Zinci sulphatis, gr. x. Pulveris acaciae, 3ij« Tincturae opii, f3j. Aquae destillatae, flviij. Fiat injectio.—In gonorrhoea virulenta. Injection of Muriate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Ammoniae muriatis, gr. j vel ij. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat injectio.—In chronic gonorrhoea. Injection of Acetate of Zinc. R. Zinci acetatis, gr. viij. Aquae rosae, fliv. Fiat injectio. In gonorrhoea virulenta. For allthese preparations, rose water is an admirable menstruum ; it possesses the advantages of being slightly astringent and ren- dered pure by distillation, and is therefore particularly applicable to the formation of injections and collyria. 216 GARGLES. Injection of Armenian Bole. R. Zinci sulphatis, 9j. Boli armeniae, 9ij. Pulveris acaciae, 3ij. Aquae rosae, Iviij. Fiat injectio.—In gonorrhoea. Injection of Calomel, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3j- Acaciae, Tincturae opii, aa. flss. Aquae, flviij. Fiat injectio.—For gonorrhoea or gleet. Injection of Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri sulphatis, gr. vj. Aquae destillatae, flvj. Tincturae opii, f 3j- Fiat solutio.—To be thrown up the urethra in chronic gonorrhoea. Injection of Tea. R. Theae viridis foliorum, 3j. Aquae ferventis, flvj. Fiat infusum et cola.—For an injection in gonorrhoea virulenta. Injection of Ammoniuret of Copper. R. Cupri ammoniureti, gr. v. Aquae rosae, flviij. Fiat solutio.—In chronic gonorrhoea. GARGLES, MOUTH WASHES, &c. Gargles, like injections, are astringent and stimulating; and to be of any service must be frequently applied and persevered in for some time. GARGLES. 217 Gargle of Brandy. R. Spiritus vini gallici, Aquae, aa partes equales. Brandy and water form an excellent gargle for some cases of in- flamed fauces. Gargle of Galls and Alcohol. R. Infusi gallarum, flvij. Spiritus vini rectificati, flj. Fiat gargarysma.—In relaxation of the uvula and soft palate. Should be applied with a camel's-hair brush. Gargle of Infusion of Oak Barky R. Corticis querci falcatae, Ij. Aquae, Oiss. Boil to a pound, and strain; then add— Sulphatis aluminis, 3ss. Spiritus vini gallici, flij. Misce.—Injection in fluor albus. Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc. R. Sulphatis quiniae, gr. xij. --------cupri, gr. xvj. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, f3j. Aquae, flviij. Fiat mistura et signa.—To be used three or four times a day, in obstinate sore throat. Dr. Hartshorne. Gargle of Borax, fyc. R. Boratis sodae, 3j- Tincturae myrrhae, flss. Mellis despumati, flj. Aquae rosae, f liv. Fiat gargarysma.—To be used as a gargle or mouth wash, in ptyalism or scorbutic affections of the gums. 218 GARGLES. Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc. R. Zinci sulphatis, 5j- Mellis, flss. Tincturae myrrhae, flj. Spiritus vini gallici, flj. Aquae rosae, flvj. Fiat gargarysma.—To be applied to ulcerated gums, occasioned by excessive salivation. Water can be added if it be too strong. In mercurial sore mouth, common lead water forms a most soothing and useful application. It makes the teeth black—an effect, however, which is only temporary. Dr. Blake's Toothache Solution. R. Aluminis, 3ij. (in pulverem subtilissimum triturandura.) Spiritus aetheris nitrici, fSvij. Fiat solutio.—Said by Dr. Blake of London, to be an infallible cure for toothache, when not connected with rheumatism. Gargle of Alum. R. Sulphatis aluminis et potassae, 3'j- Aquae, fliv. Solve.—This is Dr. Cavarra's gargle for fcetor oris, or offensive breath. Gargle of Pomegranate. R. Corticis granati, Iss. Rosae rubrae, 3'ij. Aquae bullientis, flvj. Fiat infusum. Colaet adde— Mellis despumati, flj. Aluminis, 3ij- Fiat o-argarysma.—For inflammation of the throat and fauces. Muriatic acid Gargle. R.—Infusi cinchonae, fliv. Mellis despumati, flj. Acidi muriatici, gtt. x vel xviij. Fiat gargarysma.—In chronic inflammation, when the pain and swelling have been reduced by depletion. Ratier's Formulary. GARGLES. 219 Wash of Sulphate of Copper, fyc. R. Cupri sulphatis, 3ij. Pulveris cinchonae, Iss. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Misce et signa.—In the gangrenous sore mouth of children, ap- plied to the full extent of the ulceration and excoriation. Dr. B. H. Coates. Linctus with Muriatic Acid, fyc. R. Acidi muriatici, f3ss. Mellis, Aquae rosae, aa. flj. Misce et signa.—To be applied to scorbutic gums three or four times a-day. Detergent Gargle of Sulphuric Acid, fyc. R. Decocti hordei, fliv. Mellis despumati, flss. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. x vel xx. Fiat gargarysma. Ratier. Mercurial Gargle. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. j. Mellis despumati, flss. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Fiat solutio.—For venereal sore throat. Ratier. Acetous Gargle. R. Acidi acetati, f3ij. Ammoniae muriatis, 3j« Mellis, fliss. ■ Aquae, flxij. Fiat gargarysma.—For inflamed fauces. Ratier. Astringent Gargle of Acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Plumbi acetatis, 3ss. Syrupi, flj. Decocti hordei, Oj. Fiat solutio.—In mercurial sore mouth, &c. Ratier. 220 ASTRINGENT LOTIONS. Enema of Acetate of Lead, fyc. R. Plumbi acetatis, 9j. Tincturae opii, gtt. lx. Aquae tepidae flij. Fiat solutio.—To be thrown up the rectum in uterine hemorrhage. Dewees's Syst. of Mid., p. 420. LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, &c. Lotion of Lime-water, Zinc, fyc. R. Zinci oxidi, gr. xij. Cupri sulphatis, gr. iij vel iv. Mellis, f3j. Aquae calcis, flij. Fiat lotio.—To be applied to phagedaenic ulcers of the genitals. Vide Swediaur on Syphilis. Liniment of Lime-water and Linseed Oil. R. Olei lini, fliij. Liquoris calcis, flvj. Fiat linimentum.—To be applied to burns and scalds by means of a feather or soft rag. Lotion of Lime-water and Alcohol. R. Alcoholis, flij. Liquoris calcis, Oss. Fiat mistura.—In the same cases as the above. Lotion of Goulard's Extract of Lead, fyc. R. Liquoris plumbi acetatis, f3j. Spiritus camphorae, fliij. Aquae, Oj. Fiat lotio.—To be used as the former. This compound is much recommended by some of the French surgeons. Applied by means of lint to old ulcers. ASTRINGENT LOTIONS. Epithem of Acetate of Lead. R. Confectionis rosae, Ij. Mellis, Liquoris plumbi acetatis, aa flss. Tincturae opii, gtt. lx. Misce et signa.—Applied to painful venereal ulcers, and to chan- cres after the use of lunar caustic. Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potash. R. Potassii sulphureti, Iss. Saponis veneti, Ij. Alcoholis, fliv. Tincturae myrrhae, flss. Liquoris calcis, Oj. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—To be applied to the head night and morning, in tinea capitis. The hair must be shaved pre- vious to its employment. Astringent Fomentation. R. Radicis bistortae, Granati corticis, aa. Iij. Ammoniae muriatis, 3ij. Vini rubri, Oj. Misce et signa.—For indolent inflammatory swellings. Ratier's Formulary. Lotion of Bark. R. Cinchonae rubrae contusae, Ij. Aquae, Oj. Boil for ten minutes, strain, and add— Alcoholis camphorati, flviij. A tonic and stimulant lotion. Lotion of Tannin. R. Tanninae, gr. xxxij. Aquae destillatae, flviij. S0]Ve.__Employed as a wash to chronic ulcers, and as an injection in obstinate blennorrhoea.—Beral, in Dunglison''s New Remedies, p. 474. 222 ASTRINGENT OINTMENTS. Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassa, fyc 1. R. Potassii sulphureti, Ij vel Iij. Aquae, Oj. Misce.— 2. R. Acidi muriatici, flj vel flij. Aquae destillatae, Oij. Mix one ounce of each lotion with four ounces of warm water, and apply by means of a sponge. In psora. M. Alibert. OINTMENTS. Ointment of Alum, Calomel, fyc. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3ij. Aluminis exsiccati, Plumbi oxidi albi, aa. Iss. Olei terebinthinae, 3ij. Cerati, liss. Fiat unguentum. This ointment is particularly adapted to Tinea capitis. It should be applied every night going to bed, and washed off in the morning: as soon as the child's head is dry, dust it over with powdered starch, which in the evening is again to give place to the ointment. The hair must be cut off previous to the applica- tion of the ointment. Ointment of Gall-nuts. R. Pulveris gallarum, 3j vel 5ij. Adipis, Ij. Fiat unguentum.—In hemorrhoidal affections. Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. R. Zinci oxidi, 3j. Butyri recentis, 3vj. Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to the eyes in defluxions arising from relaxation or slight inflammation of the lids. ASTRINGENT OINTMENTS. 223 Ointment of Rhubarb, Opium, fyc. R. Pulveris rhei, gr. x. -----— °pii, gr- v. Cerati, liss. Fiat unguentum.—In indolent ulcers. Ointment of Tar, fyc R. Unguenti picis liquidae, Ij. -------- hydrargyri nitratis, Iss. Fiat unguentum.—In tinea capitis. Ointment of Tar and Opium. R. Pulveris opii, 3ij- Unguenti picis, Ij. Fiat unguentum.—Hemorrhoidal ointment. For hemorrhoids. Kirkland's Neutral Cerate. R. Emplastri plumbi, liv. Olei olivae, Cretae praeparatae, Acidi acetici, aa. Iij. Plumbi acetatis, 3jss. The plaster and oil are first to be melted over a gentle fire. The prepared chalk is then to be briskly stirred in, and when the mixture is sufficiently cooled, the vinegar and superacetate of lead are to be added, and the whole stirred until nearly cold. This cerate, which is not to be met with in the pharmacopoeia, is well adapted to abraded irritable surfaces, and the later stages of burns. Aromatic Sulphur Ointment. R. Potassae carbonatis, Iss. Aquae rosae, flj. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, Ij. Olei essentialis bergamotae, flss. Sulphuris sublimati et loti, Adipis, aa lx. Misce secundum artem.—In scabies. Bateman's Synopsis. CLASS XYI. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. Absorbents or Antacids form a class of remedies for correcting acidity in the stomach and bowels. As a general rule they should be preceded by an emetic or cathartic, or both. When a per- manent effect is desired, they are usually combined with tonics, aromatics, and sometimes with narcotics. When given alone, they too frequently afford but transient relief. POWDERS. Compound Cretaceous Powder with Opium. R. Cretae praeparatae, giss. Pulveris cinnamomi, 3j- -------piperis longi, gr. viij. ;------°PH> gr- VJ- Divide in chartulas xij.—One three or four times a-day. In diar- rhoea. The above formula, with a slight alteration, is from the London Pharmacopoeia. Powder with Crabs' Claws and Rhubarb. R. Chelae cancrorum, 3j. Pulveris rhei, 9ij. Misce, et divide in pulveres iv.—Of which one may be taken once or twice a-day, according to circumstances. In acidity of the primce vice. This preparation is called by the several names of crabs' claws, eyes, and stones. It is a carbonate of lime united with some animal gelatine, which, like prepared oyster shells, has little or no superiority over the prepared chalk. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. 225 Powder with Magnesia, Fennel seed, fyc R. Magnesiae, Iss. Pulveris foeniculi, -------cinnamomi, aa 3j- Fiat pulvis.—Dose, a small teaspoonful three or four times a-day. Powder with Soda, Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae, Iss. Sodae bicarbonatis, Pulveris zingiberis, aa. 9j. Misce, et signa.—A small teaspoonful occasionally. In cardial- gia. Powder with Magnesia and Colombo. R. Magnesiae, 3jss. Pulveris colombae, 3j. Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three times a-day, in sugar and water. In cardialgia. PILLS. Pills of Soda, Rhubarb, fyc. R. Pulveris rhei, Sodae carbonatis exsiccatae, - Extracti gentianae, aa 9j. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij. Fiant pilulae xx et signa.—Two occasionally. In dyspepsia. MIXTURES, SOLUTIONS, &c. Chalk Mixture. R. Cretae praeparatae, 3iss vel 3ij- Sacchari albi, Pulveris acaciae, aa q. s. Aquae menthae, flvj. Fiat mistura.—A tablespoonful for a dose every two hours. When administered in diarrhoea, astringents and laudanum are added. 15 226 ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. Solution of Salt of Tartar. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3j- Sacchari albi, 3j- Tincturae lavendulae compositae, f3ij. --------opii, gtt. xl. Aquae menthae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every hour or two hours. In sickness of the stomach occasioned by acidity. The opium in the above prescription may be omitted at the discretion of the practitioner. Mixture of Salt of Tartar, Ammonia, fyc R. Spiritus ammoniae aromat., f3j. Potassae carbonatis, 3ij- Aquae cinnamomi, fliv. Misce et signa.—A large teaspoonful for a dose pro re natd. In pyrosis. Lime Water and Milk. R. Liquoris calcis, Lactis recentis, aa. fliij. Misce et signa.—Two tablespoonsful for a dose. In sickness of the stomach few remedies are more prompt in their effect. An antacid remedy admirably adapted to children, is prepared by pouring four ounces of boiling-water on a heaped teaspoonful of calcined magnesia, and giving a dessertspoonful of the clear solution every hour or two. It is highly aperient. Mixture with Ammonia, Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae, 3j. Spiritus ammoniae aromat., f3j. Spiritus cinnamomi, f^iij. Aquae, flvj. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful every two hours. In the sick- ness accompanying pregnancy. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. 227 Mixture of Magnesia, Camphor, fyc. R. Magnesiae, 3j- Camphorae, 3ss. Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa 3ij. iEtheris sulphurici, f3ss. Aquae destillatae, fliv. Misce et signa.—A tablespoonful for a dose four or five times a-day. In flatulency and irritable stomach. Dyspeptic Lye. Take of Hickory ashes, - - - - 1 quart, Soot, - - - - -6 ounces, Boiling water, - - - - - 1 gallon. Mix and let them stand for twenty-four hours, frequently stirring the ingredients. A teacupful may be given of this liquor, (decanted,) three times a-day. It should be decanted always at the end of twenty-four hours, for by standing on the mate- rials a long time the water acquires caustic properties, and may do serious injury. This domestic remedy we have thought best to give, as we received it, in the English language. It deserves an insertion from the circumstance that it was employed by the late Dr. Physick in his own case, and was of decided advantage when the usual alkaline remedies had failed. Solution of Salt of Tartar, fyc. R. Potassae carbonatis, 9j. Pulveris acaciae, 5ss. Olei menthae, gtt. ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. x. Aquae, fliij. Fiat solutio.—A tablespoonful for a dose, pro re natd. In sick-j ness of the stomach. 228 ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. Mixture of Colombo, fyc. R. Colombae, 3ss. Coque in aquae, fliij ad flv. Cola et adde— Potassae carbonatis, 9ss. Succi limonis, f^iij. Tincturae opii, gtt. xij. Misce.—From a tea to a tablespoonful may be given every hour. Anti-emetic. Anti-emetic Mixture. R. Tincturae corticis aurantii, f^ss. -------- aloes, -------- castorei, aa. f3j. Misce et signa.—Dose from forty to fifty drops three or four times a-day. In continued or chronic vomiting, occasioned by atony or spasm of the stomach, the above is strongly recommended by Hufeland, in his Treatise on Scrofula. Mixture with Carbonate of Soda, fyc R. Sodae carbonatis, 9iv. Infusi gentianae compositae, Aquae cinnamomi, aa. fliij. Tincturae cardamomi, flss. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tablespoonful every two or three hours. In acidity, flatulence of the stomach, &c. APPENDIX, NO. I. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. The importance of an acquaintance with those preparations of diet peculiarly designed for the patient during disease and con- valescence, is so obvious that it requires little or no comment. It was remarked by the late Dr. Rush in his lectures, that a phy- sician should spend six months in a kitchen before entering upon his practical career. As the medical attendant, therefore, is called upon frequently to give directions and rules for preparing the diet for the sick, we have inserted a few formulae for those articles which are in daily use. However apparently trifling such a class may appear to some persons, the physician will find that an attention to it will place the patient more completely under his own control, and inspire greater confidence in the relations and attendants. The rules to be observed in giving nourishment to the sick, will generally present themselves ; but there is one in particular which should not be overlooked. In all low dis- eases, the nurse should be directed never to give too much at once, but frequently to repeat a small proportion. The lapse of a very short time without food, will frequently, in cases of great prostration, reduce the patient very low, and may endanger his life. The rule is not intended to be applied to those chronic de- rangements of the digestive functions, which are to be remedied principally by a regulation of diet, and in which the old adage, " a little and often," has too frequently, we are convinced, been perniciously advised. Decoction of Barley; or, Barley Water. Take of Pearl barley, - - - - - 2 ounces, Boiling water, - - 2 quarts. Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. Then boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor. A little lemon juice and sugar may be added if desirable. To be taken ad libitum in inflammatory diseases. 230 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Rice Water. Take of Rice, - - - - - 2 ounces, Let it be well washed, and add to it— Water, - - - - -2 quarts. Boil it for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutraec as much as may be required. To be taken ad libitum. Rice, when boiled for a considerable time, assumes a gelati- nous form, and mixed with milk, is a very excellent diet, for children. It possesses in some measure a constipating property, which may be increased by boiling the milk. Infusion of flaxseed. As under Expectorants. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. As under Expectorants. Decoction of Bran. Take of Wheat bran, recent, - - - 1 pint, .Water,.....3 quar'ts. Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar honey or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. Bran tea may be made by using boiling water, and suffering the mixture to stand in a covered vessel for three or four hours! Sage Tea. Take of The dried leaves of sage, - - - half an ounce, Boiling water, - - - . i quart Infuse for half an hour, and then strain. Sugar and lemon juice may be added in the proportion required by the patient. In the same manner may be made balm and other teas. These infusions form very agreeable and useful drinks in fever, and their diaphoretic powers may be increased by the addition of sweet spirits of nitre or antimonial wine. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 231 Infusion of Malt. Take of Ground malt, - - - - - 1 pint, Scalding water,* - - - - 3 pints. Infuse for two hours, and strain off' the liquor, to which may be added sugar or lemon juice, if required. This was a favorite preparation with the late Dr. Parrish, in inflammatory fevers. Lemonade. Take of Fresh lemon juice, - - - 4 ounces, Fresh and very thin peel of lemon, - half an ounce, White sugar, - - - - 4 ounces, Boiling water, - - - - 3 pints. Let them stand until cold, then strain off for use. When employ- ed in fevers, a little nitrate of potash or sweet spirits of nitre may be added. It can be further diluted to the taste of the patient. This preparation, when freely taken, sometimes produces pain in the bowels. It must therefore be used with some reserve as a daily drink. Water Gruel. Take of Oatmeal, - - - - - 2 ounces, Water, - - - - - 1 quart. Boil for ten or fifteen minutes and strain, adding sugar and salt to make it agreeable. Milk for Infants. Take of Cow's milk, - - - - - 1 part, Water, - - - - - 2 parts, Loaf sugar as much as may be agreeable. It is necessary, when children are to be raised by the hand, to dilute the milk. These proportions may be altered as the child * Water not quite brought to the boiling point. 232 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. advances in age. The object is to make a diet as near the quali- ties of the maternal milk as possible. Rice Gruel. Take of Ground rice, - - - - - 1 ounce, Cinnamon, - - - - - 1 drachm, Water, - - - - - 1 quart. Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the conclusion. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be added if necessary. Panado. Take of Wheat bread, - - - - 1 ounce, Cinnamon, - - - - - 1 drachm, Water, - - - - - 1 pint. Boil them until well mixed, then add a little grated nutmeg and sugar. Wine or butter may also be added if desirable. Compound Salep Powders. R. Salep, Tragacanth, Sago, aa liv. Cochineal, 3ss. Prepared oyster-shells, Ij. To be carefully mixed and divided into powders of 3j each. Stir one of these powders into a pint of milk, and boil them to- gether for ten or fifteen minutes. To be drank freely in dysen- tery and diarrhoea. These are the dysenteric powders of Dr. Castanello. A some- what analogous preparation which bears the same name, is pre- pared as follows: R. Gum arabic, Tragacanth, Maranta, Sago, Tapioca, aa. each 3ij. Mix them well together, and boil in a pint of milk, flavored with nutmeg or cinnamon. Used as a diet in dysentery, diarrhoea, &c. &c. J J' ' DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 233 Sago. Take of Sago, - - - - - 2 spoonsful, Water, - - - - - 1 pint. Boil gently until it thickens, frequently stirring. Wine, sugar, and nutmeg may be added according to circumstances. Tapioca Jelly. Take of Tapioca, 2 spoonsful, Water, ----- 1 pint. Boil it gently for an hour, or until it assumes a jelly-like appear- ance. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon juice, to suit the taste of the patient and the nature of the case. Jelly of Carrageen, or Irish Moss. (Fucus crispus.) Take of Carrageen, - half an ounce, Fresh milk, - - ... a pint and a-half. Boil them down to a pint; remove any sediment by filtering or otherwise, and then add the requisite quantity of sugar, with • lemon juice, or peach water, to give it an agreeable flavor. To be used freely. The moss, before being used, should be well washed in cold water to remove its saline taste. Arrow Root. Take of Arrow root, - - - - 1 tablespoonful, Sweet milk, - half a Pint> Boiling water, - - - half a Pint- Boil them a few moments over the fire. Sweetened with loaf sugar it is one of the best aliments for children, especially when the bowels are irritable. The farinaceous substance called Canna is prepared by simply boiling in milk, and adding sugar. 234 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Boiled Flour. Take of Fine flour, - - - - a pound. Tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible, and after frequently dipping it in cold water, dredge the outside with flour till a crust is formed round it, which will prevent the water soaking into it while boiling. It is then boiled until it becomes a hard, dry mass. Two or three spoonsful of this may be grated and prepared in the same manner as arrow root, for which it forms an excellent substitute. Vegetable Soup. Take one turnip, one potato, one onion. Let them be sliced, and boiled in one quart of water for an hour. Add as much salt as is agreeable, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This preparation forms an agreeable substitute for animal food, and may be given when the latter is inadmissible. Chocolate. Chocolate should be suffered to stand until cold, after having been made in the usual way. The oily parts thus collect on the sur- face and should be taken off'. The liquid should then be boiled again, and sugar, &c. added. Beef Tea. Take of Lean beef, cut into shreds, - 1 pound, Water,.....1 quart.' Boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After it grows cold, strain the liquor. This preparation is more nourishing than ordinary broths, and very palatable. Essence of Beef . Take of Lean beef, sliced. Put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill up its body, cork it loosely and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 235 by means of a string to the handle of the vessel. Boil this for an hour and a-half or two hours, then decant the liquor and skim it. To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the taste of the patient and nature of the dis- ease. Hartshorn Jelly. Take of Hartshorn shavings, - - 4 ounces, Water, ----- l quart. Boil over a gentle fire until one pint of the water be dissipated. Strain and add lemon juice, sugar and wine. This forms, either with or without the last named ingredients, a very nourishing diet for convalescents; and when mixed with an equal portion of milk, is well adapted to the bowel complaints of children. Isinglass, or fish glue may be used instead of the hartshorn shavings, if preferred. Calf's Feet Jelly. Take two calves' feet, and add to them one gallon of water, which reduce by boiling to one quart. Strain it, and when cold, skim the fat entirely off'. Add to this the white of six or eight eggs well beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar and the juice of four lemons, and let them be well mixed. Boil the whole for a few minutes, stirring constantly, and then pass it through a flannel strainer. This forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and con- valescent. The wine may be omitted or added at option. Chicken Water. Take half a chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with salt. This water is directed by some physicians in the early stages of cholera. Taken warm it promotes vomiting and washes out the stomach. 236 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Suet Ptisan. Take of Sheep's suet, 2 ounces, Milk, ----- 1 pint, Starch, ----- half an ounce. Boil slowly for half an hour. This may be used as a common drink in dysentery. Mucilage of Starch, fyc. Take of Starch, Powdered cinnamon, ---------gum arabic, Boiling water, Boil until reduced one-third, and strain. The above may be taken for a common drink in dysentery. Wine and Mustard Whey. As under Stimulants. Rennet Whey. Take of New milk, 1 quart. Rennet, a large spoonful. Heat the milk and then add the rennet. Boil until the curd se- parates and is all taken off. To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutriment. ' Vinegar Whey. Take of Milk,..... Vinegar, - Boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd. 1 ounce, 1 drachm, 1 ounce, 3 pints. 1 pint, half an ounce. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 237 Tartar Whey. Take of Milk, --.. Cream of tartar, Boil until the curd separates. Sarsaparilla Beer. R. Sarsaparilla contusae, Ifeij. Pulveris corticis guaiaci, I viij. Ligni guaiaci concisi, Anisi, Radicis glycyrrhizae contusae, aa. liv. Mezerei, Ij. Sacchari liquidi, ifeij. Caryophilli contusi, Iss. Aquae bullientis, congios iv. Mix these ingredients, and agitate the vessel thrice a-day. When a fermentation has well begun it is fit for use, and may be taken in the dose of a small tumblerful twice or thrice a-day. "This is the Spanish recipe for the Jarave or diet drink, some- what modified. If intended for old and obstinate complaints, as leprous affections, elephantiasis, various anomalous ulcerations and foul disorders of the skin, there may be added to the jug, after fermentation has well begun, tartrate of antimony twelve grains, corrosive sublimate eight or ten grains, muriate of am- monia one drachm, dissolved previously in a little water. These remedies greatly increase the alterative powers of the vegetable infusion, and so effectually prevent its decomposition that it may be kept for a long time unaltered, even in a hot climate."—See Hancock on Sarsaparilla. Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. No. 4. 1 quart, half an ounce. APPENDIX, NO. II. POISONS. Cases of poisoning are so sudden and so awful that no time is to be lost in administering relief. To do this with judgment and effect, it is requisite to be familiar with all the usual antidotes; and of these we have accordingly selected some which possess an acknowledged efficacy, omitting at the same time many others that are unworthy of confidence. For the purpose of convenience we have arranged the Poisons alphabetically, with the appropriate antidotes attached to each. But, as has been remarked when speaking of Emetics, our chief reliance in these cases is upon free vomiting, induced by those articles which are most speedy in their effect. Dr. Beck prefers sulphate of zinc, whenever it can be procured, and adds, " but if vomiting be present, we may aid it by diluents or a vegetable emetic. Tartrate of antimony should never be given." Yet even from this treatment little can be ex- pected when the deleterious substance has remained long in the stomach; and the stomach-tube and syringe will be indispens- able. To protect the stomach and intestines from the direct operation of poisons, it is generally recommended to give milk, lime water, soap, or drinks sweetened with sugar or honey. Oils and other fatty substances are found to be injurious. When the vomiting has ceased, and retching and pain con- tinue, Mr. Hume advises the free administration of carbonate of magnesia with tincture of opium, suspended in water. ALCOHOL. Large quantities of alcoholic liquors taken by persons unac- customed to their use, often produce fatal effects. The treatment in such cases, is to evacuate the stomach as soon as possible; but from the rapidity of absorption this may 240 POISONS. not always be effectual. The patient must be kept roused and cold affusion plentifully used. Large draughts of tea or coffee ought to be taken until the stomach is thoroughly evacuated. ALKALIES. Ammonia, potash, soda and their carbonates are seldom taken in poisonous quantities; when it so happens, the best antidote is common vinegar; it is always at hand, and its affinity for these substances is sufficiently strong to neutralize them. Also, zfixed oil, as olive oil, should be given in large quantity—several pounds being required where a large portion of the alkali has been taken; it acts by rendering the vomiting easy and free, and partly by con- verting the alkali into a soap. ANTIMONY. The preparation of this mineral by which poisoning is com- monly produced, is emetic tartar. This of itself produces violent vomiting, and therefore our first efforts should be directed to keeping up the emesis by means of mild diluents and mucilagi- nous preparations. Its antidotes are the alkalies, tannin, bitter and astringent infusions, such as common tea, Peruvian bark, especially the yellow bark and its tincture—the administration of the bark in powder, before the decoction is ready, &c. &c. These decompose the antimonial salt. When the vomiting is excessive, opium by injection will assist in allaying it. ARSENIC. Until lately there has been no known antidote to this deadly poison, and our sole dependence has been upon mild diluents, albumen, (such as the whites of eggs suspended in milk) or warm water and sugar. Various substances have been proposed as antidotes, but without success. It is best first (if vomiting has been delayed) to give an emetic of the sulphate of lime, and milk should be drunk liberally both before and after vomiting has begun. The patient should never be allowed to exhaust his strength in retching, without some milk or other fluid in his sto- mach to act on. The hydrated peroxide of iron, freshly prepared, was an- nounced in the year 1834, by Dr. Bunsen of Gottingen, as an antidote for poisoning by Arsenic; and its efficacy has been con- POISONS. 241 firmed by MM. Orfila, Lesueur, Souberain and Miguel, and also in this city by various chemists, and by experiments upon the inferior animals. The antidote is thus prepared :* Hydrated Peroxide of Iron. R. Sulphuric acid (67° Baume), 8 oz. - 16 parts. Iron wire, - - - 8 oz. - - - 16 Nitric acid (49° Baume), b\ oz. - - - 11 Water of ammonia, q. s. Water, - - - 11 gal. - - 384 Mix the sulphuric acid with the water in a glass vessel; then add the iron, and after the effervescence has ceased, filter. Add the nitric acid in divided portions, and apply heat so long as orange-colored fumes are given off. To the heated solution, pour in the water of ammonia until a decided excess has been added, then wash the precipitate by decantation, until the wash- ings give no precipitate with nitrate of baryta. The water is then to be drawn off' until just enough remains to give the consist- ence of thick cream. Bottles of half a pint are the most convenient size for containing it; to each bottle add two ounces of uncrystallizable sugar or honey to prevent the oxide from separating from the water. The following direction will enable the most ignorant person to make use of this antidote until medical advice can be obtained. It must be administered as soon as possible after the discovery that arsenic has been taken, and as it causes no bad effect itself, should be given every five or ten minutes, until entire relief is obtained. It is said that twelve parts of it are neces- sary to neutralize one of arsenic. The dose for a grown person is a tablespoonful; for children a teaspoonful. The bottle to be well shaken before each dose. In cases of emergency, it may be prepared by simply precipitating the muriated tincture of iron by ammonia, and washing the precipitate. Should the patient survive (and the probability is in his favor if the antidote prepared as above be faithfully given) the inflam- matory symptoms must be combatted on the general principles for treating inflammation. The diet should consist exclusively of milk, gruel, cream, rice and similar bland articles. In a case of poisoning in this city, where half an ounce of the powdered arsenic had been taken and was followed by extreme * Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 240. 16 242 POISONS. thirst and vomiting, all the symptoms were allayed by freely taking the hydrated peroxide of iron. Only a slight gastritis fol- lowed, which was readily subdued. The oxide forms with the arsenious acid a proto-arseniate of iron. In place of the hydrated oxide, the rust of iron and precipitated carbonate should be resorted to in cases of emergency, possessing as they do, to a certain extent, the power of antidotes. Magnesia in large doses acts also as an antidote, and in several cases lately reported was used with complete success. , When the poison has been taken in the form of Fowler's solu- tion, Dr. Dunglison recommends copious draughts of lime water to be used. BARYTES. The carbonate and muriate of this earth are poisonous, and the latter has been taken by mistake for Glauber's salts. In cases of poisoning with the carbonate, the alkaline sulphates should be given with a mixture of vinegar, and resort had to the stomach pump and emetics. The true antidote is sulphate of magnesia or soda ; with these a sulphate of barytes is formed, which is per- fectly insoluble, and may be brought off by emetics and copious diluents, oleaginous or albuminous. COPPER. The sulphate (blue vitriol) and subacetate (verdigris) are the salts of this metal from which poisoning most frequently results ; the latter often from the careless use of culinary vessels or mineral water fountains. Producing violent emesis, this should be en- couraged, by the free use of tepid water, milk and mucilages. According to Orfila, albumen in the form of white of eggs is the best antidote, and that sugar, formerly in much repute, acts only as an emollient. Vinegar in all cases must be avoided. The French physicians have tried iron-filings, in consequence of the power possessed by this metal of reducing the salts of cop- per; and the results they obtained, in some experiments performed on animals, are such as to justify considerable confidence in the antidote. POISONS. 243 GOLD. The nitro-muriate of gold is a powerful poison. Its antidotes are sulphate of iron (which throws down the gold in a metallic state), and the free use of mucilaginous drinks. IODINE AND IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. Ten or twenty grains of Iodine sometimes, though not always, produce constriction of the fauces, nausea, vomiting and severe colic pain. The supposed antidote for these preparations is starch freely given, or what answers the same purpose, flour mixed with water. LAUDANUM. Laudanum, when taken in large quantity, must be withdrawn from the stomach by active emetics, or by tickling the fauces. The stomach tube should then be used to remove whatever re- mains of the poison. Diluted vegetable acids, and vinegar in particular, are afterwards necessary, and active stimulants are often required. Iodine, bromine and chlorine are stated by M. Donne, of Paris, to be antidotes for poisoning by nux vomica and opium. M. Orfila thinks that the decoction of galls may with propriety be used as an imperfect antidote, until the narcotic can be evacuated from the stomach. LEAD. The acetate is the only preparation which is resorted to as a poison. The sulphate of magnesia or soda is its true antidote, as it converts the poison into a sulphate, which is inert; also the alkaline carbonates and particularly the bicarbonates. Phosphate of soda is also a good antidote. If the patient does not vomit, give an emetic of the sulphate of zinc, which will not only empty the stomach, but convert any remaining soluble lead into an insoluble sulphate. Milk or albumen should also be given in large quantities, as it has been found that the albuminous principle of milk is a very effec- tual precipitant of the oxide of lead ; a compound which, though not entirely inert, is far less active than the acetate, and tends to prevent the action of the poison as a corrosive on the stomach. 244 POISONS. MERCURY. All the preparations of this metal are poisonous, and corrosive sublimate in particular. Our chief and only dependence, accord- ing to M. Orfila, is upon the albumen of eggs, copiously swal- lowed, or introduced through the stomach tube, which should be resorted to when the patient cannot swallow or vomit. Enemata of the same should also be used. If the albumen be taken in sufficient quantities, it decomposes the sublimate, forming a triple compound of albumen, muriatic acid and calomel. If the remedy excites fresh vomiting, so much the better, and if symptoms of gastritis appear, they are to be treated in the usual way. M. Orfila has also established that a fatal dose of corrosive sublimate may be swallowed by animals with impunity, provided the white of egg, or any other kind of fluid albumen, be introduced shortly before or after into the stomach. Cases are also upon record which establish that it possesses an equal efficacy in man. The gluten of wheat flour is also strongly recommended on the same principle, as an antidote to corrosive sublimate. To ad- minister it, nothing more is requisite than to mix the flour with water. The quantity taken must be very considerable. It is said to reduce the muriate to the state of calomel. Gluten of wheat flour is also given in the form of an emulsion with soft soap, by mixing partly in a mortar and partly with the hand, 5 or 6 parts of fresh gluten with 50 parts of soft soap. When neither albumen nor gluten is at hand, milk forms a good substitute. " The only other antidotes deserving of mention here are iron filings and meconic acid. The former was recommended by Dumas, and must obviously operate by bringing the mercury to the metallic state. The meconic acid, particularly when com- bined with an alkaline base, affords, with corrosive sublimate, an insoluble and inert permeconate of mercury. The meconates of the ordinary alkalies, however, can scarcely be obtained in suf- ficient quantity to be applied to such a purpose; and from the smallness of the saturating power of meconic acid, it would be hazardous to administer the quantity of opium which would be adequate to the decomposition of a few grains of corrosive sub- limate, inasmuch as the muriate of morphia, which would be cotemporaneously formed, is a narcotic medicine of very conside- rable energy." POISONS. 245 MINERAL ACIDS. The first, because the most ready method of counteracting the action of the mineral acids, is the copious use of water, warm or cold, milk, oil or mucilage, which by simply diluting them, ren- ders them less acrid, and at the same time assists the stomach in rejecting them. This course should be followed until the proper antidotes are prepared. These are, the alkalies, alkaline earths and soaps; common pearlash or carbonate of potash; carbonate of magnesia; chalk; and soap in solution. Calcined magnesia, though advised by some authors, is objectionable, inasmuch as the rapidity with which it would combine with acid in the stomach, might alone produce inflammation of that organ. The smallest quantity of nitric acid which is known to have destroyed life is two drachms; the smallest fatal dose of muriatic acid, was one ounce. NARCOTICS. The remedies employed in all cases of poisoning from this class of substances, are nearly the same, viz: the most active emetics, as sulphate of zinc in large doses, and ipecacuanha. In all cases where it is possible, the stomach-tube should be employed. After these evacuations,, coffee, and the vegetable acids are proper. NITRE. This salt is often taken in mistake for Epsom or Glauber's salts. WThen this happens, vomiting should be excited as speedily as possible, followed by the free use of mucilaginous drinks, hot gin-toddy, brandy and water, &c. As there is no antidote to this poison, in case these means should fail we must resort to the stomach-pump. OPIUM. We cannot do better in this place than transcribe what Dr. T. R. Beck, of Albany, says of the antidotes to opium. " The experiments of Orfila have demonstrated that the ad- ministration of vinegar, or rather vegetable acids, previous to the evacuation of the poison by vomiting, will accelerate and aggra- vate the action of the opium; but that when the opium has pre- 246 POISONS. viously been expelled, water acidulated with vinegar, or any other vegetable acid, will tend to diminish and correct the effects. Cof- fee, when prepared in strong decoction or infusion, rapidly lessens the symptoms, but cannot be considered as an antidote. The result of his experiments led him to give the following directions for the treatment of a person poisoned by opium. Induce vomit- ing, if possible, with sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper: but the administration of watery liquors with the view of pro- moting the vomiting, should be forbidden, as they dissolve the opium and promote its absorption. In order to ensure the action of the emetic, the patient must be kept roused by discharging cold water over the head and breast; yet cold affusion must be avoided in the advanced stage, when the body is cold, and the breathing scarcely perceptible. To ensure success in every case, the patient must be kept awake, either by dragging him up and down between two men, or by flagellation on the back and soles of the feet. Artificial respiration may be used in desperate cases with propriety. Bleed the patient immediately after the rejection of the poison, and repeat this if necessary. Afterwards administer alternately water acidulated with any vege- table acid and a strong infusion of coffee warmed—and in ten or twrelve hours exhibit an enema, and let the arms and legs of the patient be well rubbed. Purgative clysters should be continued, if it be suspected that any'of the opium still remains in the large intestines."—Beck, Med. Jurisprudence, vol. ii. p. 403. These remarks are applicable to the poisonous effects induced by other articles of the Narcotic class, as belladonna, hyoscyamus, stra- monium, &c. Yet as these are not often taken with suicidal in- tentions, the quantity is seldom inordinately large. Emetics, if given soon after the poison has been swallowed, will at least re- move a part of it; after which the practitioner must necessarily be governed in the treatment by the nature of the peculiar poison, the amount taken and the patient's constitution. Stimulants are occasionally necessary from the first, in other instances, deple- tion ; but more frequently, each is in turn called for. OXALIC ACID. Death from this poison is generally sudden. A mixture of chalk and water is recommended by Dr. Thompson, for the pur- pose of converting the acid into oxalate of lime. The carbonate of magnesia, also, has been found by experiment to counteract the poison; but the other alkalies must be avoided, as they act with an energy little inferior to the acid itself. POISONS. 247 It is advisable to avoid giving warm water with a view to accelerate vomiting; for dilution promotes the absorption of the poison. PHOSPHORUS. This substance acts so immediately and so powerfully in decomposing the animal tissues, that no available antidote has hitherto been suggested. A small quantity is sufficient to destroy life. PRUSSIC ACID. This deadly poison, in its purity, acts with such rapidity as to leave no time for the administration of antidotes. When taken in small quantities, much diluted, its action is less rapid, produc- ing symptoms of excessive prostration, convulsions and coma. Cold affusion to the head has been found very effectual in such cases, and when applied before the convulsive stage has passed, has often succeeded. The head should be kept elevated, and the water poured from a height upon the occiput and spine. The inhalation of ammonia is the antidote most to be relied on, many experiments having proved its efficacy. It should not be used of too great strength, which would endanger inflammation of the air-passages and stomach; the strong aquae ammoniae, diluted with twelve parts of water, is recommended by Orfila. Chlorine also possesses strong claims as an antidote, and from the results of his experiments, is believed by Orfila to be the best which has yet been proposed. Ether and chloroform have been recommended, and no doubt will eventually prove of great value from the rapidity with which they act. Cases of poisoning with the oil of bitter almonds, cherry laurel water, &c, containing Prussic acid, are not unfrequent, particu- larly among children, and after evacuating the stomach, require the same treatment as for Prussic acid. SILVER. The nitrate of this metal is sometimes taken by mistake : its antidote is common salt, largely given, with copious draughts of mucilaginous drinks to promote vomiting. The salt produces an insoluble muriate which has no power on the system. Beck. 248 POISONS. TIN. When any of the salts of tin are taken, albumen of eggs, or milk given freely, is the appropriate remedy. Milk forms a coagulum with the muriate of tin (Dyer's spirit), and renders it innoxious. ZINC. The sulphate of this metal is occasionally taken in an over-dose. Warm water and emollient drinks are proper in such cases; but milk is particularly useful, from its power of decomposing the sulphate; also albumen, &c. The crystallized sulphate of zinc very closely resembles the sulphate of magnesia, and has been mistaken for it; a fact to be borne in mind by apothecaries and physicians. The following works have been consulted in arranging the pre- ceding remarks on Poisons: A Treatise on Poisons, by Robert Christison, M. D.—Turner's Chemistry.—Manuel de Medecine Legale, par A. Brierre de Boismont.—Orfila, Toxicologic Gene- rale.— Beck and Taylor's Medical Jurisprudences. — Henry, Thompson, &c. &c.—Costill's Treatise on Poisons.* * A Practical Treatise on Poisons, their Symptoms, Antidotes, and Mode of Treat- ment. Dr. Costill's work embraces clear and concise views of the subject of which it treats, and constitutes an excellent manual for all practical purposes. APPENDIX, NO. III. ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. "The science of medicine," says Dr. Gerhard,* "has recently received an important auxiliary to its resources, by the discovery that remedial substances when applied to the cutis, after the re- moval of the epidermis, produce their peculiar effects with nearly the same energy as if introduced into the alimentary canal. This mode of exhibition, which has received the name of the endermic method, or endermic medication, is always found much more effi- cacious than the ialatreptic method of Christien, or the adminis- tration of medicines by means of frictions on the cuticle." The endermic method requires the previous separation of the cuticle, which is best effected by a blister about four inches square. The cuticle should then be punctured or removed in very small patches, so that the medicine may come in contact with the vesicated surface. Substances used in this way, must be applied in two or three times the quantity requisite when given by the mouth. "The remains of the substance applied are much less than the original quantity, and sometimes no trace of it can be perceived; the whole appearing to be absorbed or mingled with the secretions." We avail ourselves of Dr. Gerhard's valuable paper for the following facts in relation to those medicines which act most effectually in the endermic method. Sulphate of Quinia.—A blister to be applied to the epigastrium during the apyrexia; and if the paroxysm returns before the quinia can be used, defer it until the next apyrexia. Apply four grains of powdered quinia (either alone or with an equal quantity of starch), four times a-day, for two successive days. A less irri- tating plan, however, is to dissolve sixteen grains of quinia in two ounces of water, with which the blistered surface is to be repeatedly wet during the day, by means of a soft linen cloth. • North Amer. Med. and Surg. Journ., April, 1830. 250 ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. There is no occasion to remove the loose epidermis; it is all-suffi- cient to puncture it in several places to allow the solution to touch the denuded surface. Morphia.—The acetate and sulphate act readily and effectually; the latter is preferable because more soluble and less irritating. It may be applied in powder, in solution, or in the form of cerate. The dose varies from half a grain to two grains, and its effects are speedily perceptible. Digitalis.—Dose, two grains three times a-day. Aloes.—This medicine acts on the bowels with nearly the same certainty as if taken internally. Dose, ten grains, to be repeated, if necessary, in a few hours. Gamboge, owing to its solubility, purges freely in the endermic method. Dose from five to eight grains. Rhubarb, jalap, elaterium and croton oil, contrary to what might be expected, do not produce catharsis, although they excite severe local irritation. Squills.—This medicine in powder, sprinkled on a blistered surface three times a-day in the quantity of four grains at each application, causes copious diuresis. Its power is increased by combination with digitalis, in the proportion of four grains of the former to one of the latter. Emetics from the vegetable kingdom all produce their effect in the endermic method; and tobacco does so without any previous irritation of the skin. The same remark is applicable to mercury and iodine, which last is best applied in the form of ointment, made by rubbing a drachm with an ounce of cerate. Emetics derived from the mineral kingdom exert no specific action. APPENDIX, NO. IV. ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLORO- FORM. The employment of anaesthetic agents has now become so general, and their great value so fully attested by many eminent physicians and surgeons in all parts of the world, that we shall here give a brief account of their uses and mode of application. Indeed the discovery of a means by which to give complete insensibility to pain during the performance of tedious surgical and dental operations, as well as to mitigate the spontaneous sufferings attendant on many diseases, must be considered one of the most important in the annals of medicine. That pain is useful in indicating the seat and progress of disease, cannot be denied ; yet, on the other hand its severity may exhaust life ; and to allay it is often the most difficult and necessary part the phy- sician is called upon to perform. The inhalation of ethereal sub- stances now gives the practitioner more or less control over these " ills that flesh is heir to," enabling him to alleviate some and wholly to prevent others. Notwithstanding the benefit to be derived from its judicious use, this mode of inhalation is also capable of producing much evil in the hands of the unskillful and ignorant; and it should, therefore, be employed by those only who are acquainted with its diversified operation. Ether and chloroform produce essentially the same effects, but the latter is much the more powerful and rapid in its action, and has the disadvantage of being a preparation of unequal strength. The progressive stages of etherization seem to be pretty much as stated by Mr. Sibson, viz: 1. Cerebral excitement. 2. Cerebral derangement, staggering intoxication. 3. Cerebral sleep (sopor); pupils contracted; dreams; reflex functions of the brain and spinal marrow still active. 252 ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. 4. Cerebral death (coma); reflex functions of the medulla and spinal marrow still active. 5. Death of spinal marrow; cessation of respiration (heart's action generally still present). 6. Cessation of heart's action. He also says, " It is very important to be able to tell easily when the stage of safety—sopor, is about to merge into that of danger—coma. The action of the pupils is the key to this knowledge. Inhalation should not be continued one instant after the pupils, previously contracted, have begun to dilate. " If unconsciousness can be secured by sopor, the inhalation should not be carried on to produce coma. If complete mus- cular relaxation be sought for, as in hernia, to facilitate taxis ; in dislocation, to make reduction easy; and in tetanus, then it will be needful, in general, to urge the patient from sopor into coma; but as soon as the muscular relaxation is secured, the inhalation should cease. When chloroform or ether is employed in chorea, delirium tremens or other affections, it should never be urged beyond sopor. In neuralgia it is not usually needful to produce unconsciousness. Whenever the pain disappears the inhalation ought to cease." According to Dr. Snow, a necessary precaution for watching the effects of ether and chloroform is, that they possess an accu- mulative property; their influence sometimes increasing for twenty seconds after the inhalation is discontinued. It is seldom neces- sary to carry the process further than the production of sopor: in this dreamy state insensibility to pain is perfect, and in some per- sons much earlier. Many patients seem to be perfectly awake to all mental impressions, and even take an interest in the progress of the operation, without feeling the slightest pain, and indeed in some instances experiencing agreeable sensations. The influence of these agents being transmitted by the blood, pervades the whole system simultaneously, and particularly excites the capillary circulation as evinced by the injected conjunc- tiva, increased lachrymal and salivary secretions, and turgidity of the face and neck, the redness of which, however, soon gives place to pallor. Although used heretofore only to produce general effects, it has lately been discovered by Mr. T. Nunneley, of Leeds, that local anaesthesia may be caused by these agents; and that the brain and other parts of the body not subjected to their influence re- main unaffected. After an extensive series of experiments on different animals, he finds that by immersion in a small quantity of the fluid, or by applying the vapor locally for a limited period, a limb may be rendered perfectly motionless and senseless, and, ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. 253 what may be an additional advantage, fixed in any desired posi- tion. The benefits likely to be derived from this new and valuable discovery promise to be very great. As regards the mode of applying these vapors, the prin- cipal thing to be observed is, that they be freely diluted with atmospheric air. Many instruments for inhalation have been invented, but most of them have given place to a simple sponge; and in the case of chloroform, a towel or handkerchief is per- haps as good as anything yet proposed. The degree of ether- ization does not depend so much upon the amount respired, as upon the peculiar constitution of the individual, and the physician is thus better able to regulate the amount, and judge of its effect. A drachm of chloroform, or even half a drachm, poured upon a handkerchief and gradually brought close to the mouth and nose, will in about two minutes more or less produce the required effect. Of ether half an ounce may be poured upon a sponge, and more added from time to time if required. The full effect of ether is not generally obtained in less than four or five minutes. As regards their comparative merits, it may be said of chloroform that it is less pungent, and requiring a less amount, is more easily inhaled; but it is also said to have a greater tendency to produce involuntary muscular contraction, and exerts a more direct and powerful action on the heart than ether. As far as present experience goes, ether has been found the milder and safer of the two, and in the case of children, from their greater susceptibility, should always be given in preference to chloroform ; etherization in them occurring in about two minutes. According to Dr. Snow, the immunity from pain does not cor- respond exactly with the degree of narcotism, but is greater as the patient is recovering from the effects of the vapor, than in the corresponding degree, as he is getting under its influence : this is more particularly the case with ether, which he considers to possess superior anaesthetic effects to chloroform in proportion to the narcotism produced. When ether is inhaled, the patient sometimes completely recovers his mental faculties, although in- sensibility to the operation still continues. The use of ether or chloroform is contra-indicated by the exist- ence of any disease of the heart, tendency to engorgement of the luno-s, or aneurism of any of the great vessels; nor should it ever be used either during the existence of shock resulting from a severe injury. ...... . .. The existence of extreme debility is not always a contra-indi- cation • for, acting as a stimulant, the inhaled vapor seems to possess a sustaining power, and has been successfully used in a 254 ON THE USE OF ETHER AND CHLOROFORM. state of great collapse, as well as for its sedative influence in low cases of typhus fever. Perhaps one of the most important uses of ether and chloroform is that for the relief of stricture, and to render easy the introduc- tion of the catheter; here in old and sensitive cases, as well as in retention of urine and the passage of calculi, they are in- valuable. The physician in using these vapors should bear in mind that he is administering an agent of great power, of which he must care- fully observe the effect; for the life of the patient is in his hands. In some constitutions six or seven inspirations of chloroform have produced complete insensibility, and we should always be on our guard lest alarming symptoms suddenly supervene. These are marked by suspended respiration; livid skin; widely dilated pupils; the eyes fixed, and the iris immovable. The patient should be immediately laid upon the floor, cold water dashed upon the face, and the vapor of ammonia applied to the nostrils. These will generally restore animation; if, however, respiration has entirely ceased, it will be necessary to bring it about by arti- ficial means. The abstraction of a few ounces of blood from the arm, or from the jugular vein, will also assist the renewal of the heart's action, by relieving distension. We should be careful, also, not to endeavor to make the patient swallow anything while in this state of insensibility, as cough might induce suffocation and hasten death. Besides sulphuric ether and chloroform, various other prepara- tions have been found to possess anaesthetic properties ; as Alde- hyde, Benzoin, Acetic ether, Bisulphuret of carbon, &c, but suffi- cient experiments have not yet been made to determine their rela- tive value. As the action of chloroform depends upon its comparative purity, this may be tested by dropping it into the following mix- ture, viz: Sulphuric acid at 66° and distilled water, equal parts. When cool, this mixture will be a density by the areometer of 40°. Pure chloroform dropped into this liquid will fall to the bottom.* * French Journal of Pharmacy, 1848. INDEX. Absorbents, 224 Acetate of ammonia, 62, 77 of ammonia, embrocation, 124 of ammonia and camphor, 212 of ammonia and opium, 212 of lead with opium, 204 of lead, epithem of, 221 collyrium, 211 enemata, 220 gargle, 219 of mercury, 168 of morphia, 150 of strychnia, 197 of zinc, injection of, 215 collyrium, 211 Acetous gargle, 219 Acid, prussic, 93 boracic, 165 ersenious, 134 muriatic, 71 phosphoric, 136 sulphuric, 182,219 nitrous, 201 nitro-muriatic, 201 nitric, 133, 201 pyroligneous, 214 linctus of muriatic, 219 Acids considered as poisons, 245 Acorn coffee, 188 Alcohol with lime water, (lotion,) 220 with galls, (gargle,) 217 considered as a poison, 239 Alkalies considered as poisons, 240 Alkaline bath, 130 Almond emulsion with squills, 87 Aloes with canella, 41, 55, 99, 105 with rhubarb and soap, 44 with gentian, 44, 189 with ipecacuanha, 45 with assafastida and soap, 45 with blue pill, 43, 47 with guaiacum and rhubarb, 47 enemata of, 111 with sulph. iron, 101 Aloes, tincture of, 55 Aloetic enema, 111 Alteratives, 191 Althea collyrium, 213 Alum, burnt, 132 with kino, 203 with opium, 204 with catechu, 205 with extract of bark, 204, 208 whey, 209 curd, 210 collyrium of, 210, 211 and sulphate of zinc, 36 with oak bark, (gargle,) 217 with calomel, 222 gargle, 217, 218 Amber oil, 88, 126 salt of, with castor, 162 Ammonia, citrate of, 80 carb. of, with valerian, 143, 164 with olive oil, 110, 122 ointment, 137 with ginger, 144 with musk, 163 with quinia, 177 water of, 104 acetate of, 62, 90 muriate of, with arsenic, 179 muriate of, 134 injection, 215 phosphate of, 196 Ammoniac mixture, 89, 95 and squills. 83, 84 and nitric acid, 91 Ammoniated counter irritants, 115, 116, 117 iron, &c, 180 Ammoniuret of copper, 178 injection of, 216 Angustura bark, 175, 189 Anodyne draught, 154 pills, 76 Anodynes, 149 256 IND EX. Antacids, 224 Antacrid mixture, 172- Anthelmintics, 106 Antidynous lotions, 115, 116 Anti-emetic mixture, 228 Anti-epileptic solution, 195 Anti-herpetic ointment, 173 Antilithics and lithontriptics, 69 Antimonial wine, 35, 77 with nitre, &c, 77 with aq. ammonia, 77 with tine, of tolu, 77 powder, 74, 75 powder, with calomel, 75 Antimony, antidotes of, 240 tartrate of, 36, 83 with quinia, 36 magnesia, 42 sulphuret of, with calomel, 74 with tolu and morphia ,95 Anti-psoric lotion, 137 Antiseptic pills, 144 cataplasm, 128 Antispasmodics, 162 Anti-syphilitic pills, 167 Argil, 207 Aromatic hartshorn, 146 pills, 142 sulphur ointment, 223 Arrow root, 233 Arseniate of iron, 200 Arsenic, white oxide of, 134, 200 ointment of, 134 iodide of, 200 pills of, 179, 200 antidotes to, 240 Arsenical solution, 186 Arsenious acid, 134, 179 Asclepias, infusion of, 80 Assafaetida with magnesia, 48 with aloes, 45 with tolu, &c, 89 lac, with acetate of ammonia, 90 with soap, 162 with castor, 164 mixture, 164 with valerian, &c, 164 enema, 165 Astringents, 203 B Balsam copaiva, mixture of, 66, 67,70, 90 with cubebs, 06 bolus of, 67 with tolu, 90, 96 in pills, 60, 67 Peruvian, 90, 215 Barium, 121 Barley water, 229 with muriatic acid, 71 with nitre, 81 Barytes, muriate of, 81 antidotes of, 257 Baths, 129 Bareges, 129 sulphureo-gelatinous, 129 nitro-muriatkr acid, 130 emollient, 130 sublimate, 130 alkaline, 130 artificial Harrogate, 130 Beef tea, 234 essence of, 234 Belladonna, 92 extract of, 158, 159 ointment, 122, 159 Bicarbonate of potash, 59 of soda, 70, 225 of soda with copaiba, 70 Bismuth with cubebs, 143 pills, 179 Bitter-sweet decoc, 159 Black wash, 136 drop, 157 Blake's toothache solution, 218 Blister issue, 138 Blisters, 112 Blood root, 89 Blue pill, 170 with jalap and aloes, 43 with colocynth, 46 with aloes, 47 with quinia and aloes, 199 with soda, &c, 43 with magnesia, 51 with dandelion, 61 Boiled flour, 234 Bole with sulp. zinc, (injection,) 216 Boneset, 80, 183, 190 Boracic acid, 165 Borage flowers with sarsaparilla, 78 Borax, (gargle,) 217 Bougies, 139 Sharp's, 140 Dr. Swediaur's, 139 Bran, decoction of, 91, 230 Bromide of potassium, 120, 198 of iron, 198 Bromium, 198 . Brown mixture, 86 Brucia, pills of, 197 tincture of, 197, 198 Buckthorn, 51 Burdock in decoction, 79 Burnt alum, 132 sponge, 196 Butternut, extract of, 46 INDEX. 257 Cainca, 65 Calomel with jalap, 40 pills of, 167, 198 with jalap and rhubarb, 40,43 with rhubarb, 40 with extract of colocynth, 46 with squills, 61, 84 with squills and digitalis, 61 with verdigris, 137 with turpentine, 109 with camphor, 169 with ipecac, nitre, &c, 73, 82 with opium, 73, 74 with conium, 152 with opium and antim., 75 with gamboge, 106 with pink root, 106 with lime water, 136 with acetate of lead, 203, 204 with laudanum, (injection,) 216 with alum, ointment of, 222 with quinia and opium, 199 Calves' feet jelly, 235 Camphor with emetic tartar, &c, 75, 78 with guaiacum, 146 mixture, 78, 102, 144 with calomel, 169 pills, 152 infusion, 156 julep, 145 enema, 111, 144 and mercury, 114, 171 liniment, 122, 125 with cantharides, 125, 141 in milk, 144 with magnesia, 145, 227 with myrrh, 145 with musk, 163 with acetate of ammonia, 212 with opium, 212 with Hoffman's anodyne, 156 cinchona, 176 with nitric acid, &c, 206 water with laudanum, &c, 206 Canella with aloes, 41, 99 Canqttoin's caustic paste, 133 Cantharides, Dewees's tincture of, 104 with spts. of turpentine, 121 liniment of, 123, 125 with camphor, 125, 141 with savin, 100 tinct. of, with ether, 62, 142 Carbonate of soda with ipecacuanha, 88 with rhubarb, 225 with magnesia, 225 with gentian, 228 dried, pills of, 61,70 of potash with cochineal, 88 17 Carbonate of potash, 59, 88 with opium, 226, 227 with lime water, 70 with ammonia, 226 of iron, 107, 175, 176 Carrageen, 233 Castor oil, 48 with amber, 162 with spirits of turpentine, 48 enema of, 56 with amber, 162 with assafcetida, 164 Cataplasm, antiseptic, 128 emollient, 128 of pepper, &c, 126 of mustard, 126 of garlic, 127 of yeast, 127 of carbon, 127 of" iodine, 127 of salt, 127 resolvent, 128 Catechu with opium, 207 and alum, 205 injection of, 214 electuary, 207 mixture, 208 with logwood, 218 Cathartics, 39 Caustic potash, 123, 132 lunar, 132 paste, 133 Caustics, 132 Cayenne pepper and alcohol, 126 infusion, 147 in pills, 142 Chalk with opium, 224 with rhubarb, 224 mixture, 206, 225 with galls, 208 Chamomile infusion, 188 Charcoal, 43, 127 Cherry bark, 189 Chicken water, 235 Chloride of zinc, 133 Chlorine fumigation, 98 liniment of, 123 Chocolate, 234 Cicuta. See Conium. Cider with parsley, &c, 63 Cinchona, 174 with uva ursi, 69 with serpentaria, 175 with cloves, 174 with camphor, 176 with Epsom salts, 175 extract of, with gentian, 177 with iron, 181 258 INDEX. Cinchona, tincture of, 182 with ammonia, iron,&c, 178 decoction of, 183 in port wine, 185 with valerian, 185, 188 with lime water, 191, 209 enema of extract of, 190 extract of, 177 sirup of, 185 with alum, 204 Cinchonia, 177 Citrate of ammonia, 80 of potash, 75, 182 of quinia and iron, 178 Cloves, 128, 148, 174 Cochineal with common salt, 107 with carb. potash, 88 Codeine, 155 Cod-liver oil, 200 Colchicum wine, 53, 65 with Epsom salts, 54 with magnesia, 53 with elaterium, &c, 55 with squills and tobacco, 64 with digitalis, 66 Collyrium, opiate, 154 of alum, &c, 210, 211 of vinegar, 211 of acetate of ammonia and camphor, 212 of acetate of ammonia and opium, 212 of sulphate of copper,210, 212 of corrosive sublimate, 212 of opium and camphor, 212 of nitrate of silver, 213 of poppies, 213 of sugar, 210 of mercury, 210 of dry opium, 210 of acetate of zinc, 211 of lead, 211 of iodide of potassium, 211 of strychnia, 213 emollient, 213 anodyne, 213 Colocynth with calomel, 46 with antimony, &c'., 46 enema of, 57 comp. extract of, 46, 47 Columbo with ginger, 175, 186, 187 with rhubarb, 175, 187 with magnesia, 225 mixture of, 228 with tart, iron, 176 Confection of sulphur, 46 of opium, 151 Conium with tolu, paregoric, &c, 87 with ipecacuanha, 83 Conium with hyoscyamus, 151 extract of, 151 with calomel, 152 infusion of, 158 with iodine and ether, 96 mixture, 154 with corrosive sub., 168 Copaiva. See Balsam. Copper, sulphate of, 35, 179, 209 ammoniuret of, 178, 216 sulphate, collyrium of, 210, 212 wash of, 219 antidotes of, 242 Corrosive sublimate and lime water, 136 pills, 167 with hemlock, 168 mixture of, 171 solution of, 171, 172 with tart, emet., 114 collyrium of, 212 injection of, 215 Cough lozenges, 85 mixture, 86 Cowhage electuary, 108 Cox's hive sirup, 86 Cream of tartar in solution, 62 with juniper berries, 63 with jalap, 41 and sulphur, 41 Creasote liniment, 125 lotion, 125 ointment, 121 pills, 205 mixture, 205 alcoholic solution of, 205 Cretaceous powder and opium, 224 Croton oil, pills of, 45 liniment, 123 mixture of, 50 with potash, 50 Cubebs with copaiva, 74 with ergot, 60 lozenges, 85 with bismuth, 143 with carb. of soda, 143 Cyanuret of potassium, 94 of iron, 120 of mercury, 120, 168, 173 D Dandelion, infusion of, 68 pills, 61 with blue mass, 61 Decoction of burdock, 79 of cainca, 65 of ergot, 101 of hemp, 158 of pipsisseway, 68 INDEX. 259 Decoction of madder, 102 of cantharides, 123 of mezereon, 79 of lobelia, 79 of sarsaparilla, 78, 80 of barley, 229 with nitre, 81 of Iceland moss, 92 of seneka root, 95, 101 of aloes, 53 of geoffrea bark, 109 of pomegranate, 110 of turpentine and cantharides, 121 of sponge, 196 of bitter sweet, 159 of stramonium in milk, 159 of cinchona, 183 with valerian, 185, 188 of angustura bark, 189 of wild cherry bark, 189 of dogwood, 190 of bran, 91, 230 Denarcotized laudanum, 157 Deuto-iodide of mercury, 173 Dewees's tincture of guaiacum, 103 of cantharides, 104 carminative, 48 Diaphoretics, 72 Dietetic preparations, 229 Digitalis with opium and calomel, 60 with squills and calomel, 61 and acetate of potash, 64 tincture of, 64, 66, 90, 157 with laudanum, 89 with opium, 152 infusion and tincture of, 64 Diuretic drops of Ferriar, 64 liniment, 65 Diuretics, 59 Dogwood bark, infusion of, 190 Doses of laudanum, 155 Dover's powder, 73, 82 Dulcamara, decoction of, 159 Dupuytren's anti-syphilitic pills, 167 anti-psoric lotion, 137 Dyspeptic lye, 227 E Effervescing draught, 76 Elaterium with nitre and squills, 55 Electuary of senna and figs, 47 of jalap, nitre, &c, 55 of sulphur and senna, 56 of tin, 10S of cowhage, 108 of catechu, 207 Elixir paregoric, 157 Elixir vitriol, with sulph. of iron, 1S7 of life, 189 Embrocations, 124 Emetics, 33 Emetina lozenges, 37, 85 solution of, 37 Emmenagogues, 99 Emulsion of phosphorus, 146 almond, 87 Endermic use of medicines, 249 Enema of castor oil, salt, &c, 56 of Epsom salts and oil, 57 of colocynth and manna, 57 of spirit of turpentine, 57 of Epsom salts and senna, 57 of tartar emetic, 57 of tobacco, 58 of aloes, 110 of camphor, 111, 144 of opium, 160 of laudanum, 160 of assafcetida, 165 of musk, 166 of extract of bark, &c, 190 of quinia, 190 of acetate of lead, 220 Epispastic ointment, 113 Epispastics, 112 Epithem of tincture of cantharides, 125 of camphor and carb. ammonia, 125 of acetate of lead,221 Epsom salts with tartar emetic, 51 with senna and manna, 50 with nitric acid, 50 with colchicum, 54 Ergot, 100 and cubebs, 60 powder of, 100 infusion, 101 decoction, 101 tincture of, 102 sirup of, 102 Escharotics, 132 Essence of beef, 234 Ether with iodine, 194 inhalation of, 251 with turpentine, 111 with laudanum, 165 Euphorbia, oil of, 49 Expectorants, 81 Extract of rhatany, 209, 205 of dandelion, 61 of hyoscyamus, 151 of stramonium, 151 of conium, 87, 151 of belladonna, 158, 159 of bark with gentian, 177 of quassia and gentian, 180 260 INDEX. Extract of cinchona, &c, 185 with alum, 204, 208 of logwood with catechu, 208 F Febrifuge bolus, 178 Ferriar's hydragogue cathartic, 68 Ferrocyanate of quinia, 184 Fig electuary, 47 Flaxseed infusion, 92 Fleabane, 68 Fomentation, 130 astringent, 221 stimulant, 131 saponaceous, 131 narcotic, 131 mustard, 131 tobacco, 131 Fothergill's pills, 47 Fowler's solution, 186 Fumigation of chlorine, 98 of tar, 97 G Gamboge with nitre, &c, 68 with jalap, &c, 41 with calomel, 106 Galls, infusion of, 207, 208 sirup of, 209 ointment of, 222 Gargle of galls and alcohol, 217 of oak bark, &c, 217 of sulphate of zinc, 218 of borax, &c, 217 of pomegranate, 218 of brandy, 217 of quinia, 217 of muriatic acid, 218 detergent, 219 mercurial, 219 acetous, 219 of acetate of lead, 219 of alum, 218 Garlic cataplasm, 127 Gelatinous bath, 129 Gentian, with aloes, 44, 1S9 with magnesia, 71 with quassia, 180 with sulphuric acid, 186 infusion of, 191 Gentianin, 191 Geoffrea bark, 109 Ginger draught, 144, 148 with columbo, 175, 187 with savin, 100 Gold, antidotes of, 243 nitro-muriate of, 181 Gondrefs pommade ammoniacale, 117 Goulard's extract, 220 Granville's ammoniated lotions, 115 Griffith's myrrh mixture, 182 Griffitt's pills, 43 Gruel water, 231 rice, 232 Guaiacum with aloes and rhubarb, 47 volatile tincture of, 103 with tartar emetic, 78 Dewees's tincture of, 103 with camphor, 146 with prussiate of iron, 176 with nitre, 73 with turpentine, 142 with cantharides, 142 Gum ammoniac mixture, 89, 95 with squills, 83 with nitric acid, 91 H Hartshorn jelly, 235 Hellebore, tincture of, 102 with myrrh, &c, 103 with savin, 103 infusion, 159 Hemlock mixture, 154. See Conium. Hemp, infusion of, 158 Hiera picra, 41, 55, 99 tincture of, 55, 105 Hive sirup, 38, 86 Hoffman's anodyne, 156, 164, 165 Honey with borax, 217 Hooper's pills, 100 Hop, tincture of, 156 infusion of, 96, 190 Hope's mixture, 206 Huxham's tincture of bark, &c, 183 Hydragogue draught, 68 Hydrated peroxide of iron, 250 Hydriodate of potassa, 194 , ointment of, 119 Hydrocyanate of potassa, 94 Hydrocyanic acid, 93 as a poison, 247 Hyoscyamus with ipecac, 151 with conium, 151 pills of, 151 with opium, 151 extract of, 151 infusion of, 159 and myrrh, 85 I & J Iceland moss, 92 Inhalation, 96 Infusion of parsley, 62 of juniper berries, &c, 63 of digitalis, 64 of ipecacuanha, 37 of gentian with carb. magnes., 71 INDEX. 261 Infusion of tar and hops, 96 of camphor, 156 of hellebore, 159 of valerian, 165 vinous, of carb. iron, &c, 182 of sage, 183 of wild cherry bark, 189 of cinchona with lime water, 191 of digitalis with tinct. digit., 64 of uva ursi, 66 of senega, &c, 87 of flaxseed, 92 of ergot, 101 of pinkroot, 109 of gentian, 191 of boneset, 80, 183, 190 of pleurisy root, 80 of pipsisseway, 81 of malt, 231 of flaxseed, 92 of dandelion, 68 of galls, &c, 207 of sassafras, 147 of logwood, 208 of cayenne pepper, 147 of cloves, 148 of ginger, 148 of conium, 158 of hyoscyamus, 159 of columbo and ginger, 187 of quassia, 188 of chamomile, 188 of serpentaria, 189 of hops, 96, 190 of seneka with ipecac, &c, 86 of lobelia, 38 of senna, 52 of scabious, 68 of oak bark, 217 Injection of ammoniuret of copper, 216 of sulphate of zinc, 215 of corrosive sublimate, 215 of same with mur. ammo., 215 of acetate of zinc, 215 of sulphate of zinc and bole, 216 of sulph. of copper, 216 of tea, 216 of pyroligneous acid, 214 of infusion of catechu, 214 of Peruvian balsam and ox-gall, 215 Injections per anum. See Enemata. for gonorrhoea, 216 Iodide of barium, 121 ointment, 119 liniment, 119 of potassium, 104, 192, 193 ointment of, 119 l Iodide of arsenic, 120 of sulphur, 120 of mercury, 118, 141, 169, 173, 200 of iron, 120, 193 of zinc, ointment of, 119 Iodine, ethereal tincture of, 192 compound tincture of, 192, 193 saturated tinct. of, 104 with iodide of potass., 193 endermic use of, 259 waters, 195 inhalation, 96, 97 cataplasm, 127 Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium, 194 loduretted iodide of potassium, 193, 194 ether, 194 waters, 195 collyrium, 211 Ipecacuanha, 34 with tartar emetic, 34, 35, 37 with rhubarb, 34, 137 with squills, 37 with aloes, 45 with calomel and opium, 73, 82 with guaiacum, nitre, 73 with myrrh, 82 citrate of, with quinia, 178 infusion of, 37 pills, 151 with hyoscyamus, 151 wine, with antimony, 35 Iron, sulphate of. See Sulphate of Iron. protocarbonate of, 176 carbonate of, 107, 163, 182 lactate of, 176 bromide of, 198 filings of, 180 tartrate of, 176 ammoniated, 180 muriate of, with aloes, 104, 186 prussiate of, with guaiacum, 176 iodide of, 120, 193 arseniate of, 200 Issues and setons, 13S Jalap, with calomel, 40 with bitartrate of potash, 41 with gamboge, 41 with extr. of butternut, 46 with squills, 63 with cream of tartar, 55 James's powder, 74 Jarave, 237 Juniper berries, &c, in cider, 63 with cream of tartar, 63 oil of, 63 262 INDEX. K Kentish's ointment, 121 Kino with alum, 203 with opium, 207 Kirkland's neutral cerate, 233 •Lac sulphuris, 42 assafcetida, 90 ammoniac, 91 Lactate of iron, 176 Lactucarium, 150 Laffecteur, Rob, anti-syphilitique of, 78 Laudanum, graduated doses of, 155 with nitric acid, 206 with Hoffman's anodyne, 164 with spts. of turpentine, 156 denarcotized, 157 enema, 160 with ether, 165 antidotes of, 243 Lead, acetate of, with calomel, 203, 204 collyrium of, 211 antidotes of, 243 Lemonade, 231 Lime water with alcohol, (lotion,) 220 with carb. of potash, 70 with corros. sublimate, 136 with calomel, 136 with opium, 160 with cinchona, 191, 209 and zinc, (lotion,) 220 and linseed oil, 220 with milk, 226 Linctus, white, 37 of spt. of turpentine, 146 of muriatic acid, 219 Liniment of cantharides, 123 of croton oil, 123 of chlorine, 123 of iodine, 119 of ammonia and turpentine, 121 with camphor, 122 with soap, 122 of oil of amber, 126 with ammonia and oil, 122 and tartar eme- tic, 123 of creasote, 125 ofopium, 124 of tar, 124 diuretic, 65 volatile, 122 of sulphuret of potassium, 124 Liquorice with guaiacum, &c, 78 with opium, 85 Lithontriptics, 69 Lobelia syphilitica, 79 Lobelia inflata, 38 Logwood, infusion of, 208 Lotion of lime water, zinc, &c, 220 ammoniated, 115, 116, 117 of cyanuret of potassium, 123 of creasote, 125 of corrosive sublimate, 172 of Goulard's extract of lead, 220 of same and alcohol, 220 and linseed oil, 220 of myrrh, 137 Anti-psoric, 137 of bark, 221 of tannin, 221 of sulph. of potassa, 221, 222 Lozenges of emetina, 37, 85 of liquorice, opium, &c, 85 of cubebs, 85 Lugol's Iodine ointment, 11 9, 120 Lunar caustic, 132 Lupulin pills, 150 tincture of, 156 Lye, dyspeptic, 227 M Madder, 99, 102 Magnesia with rhubarb, 40, 51 with opium and assafcetida, 4S with sulphur, 42 with tartar emetic, 42 with assafcetida, &c, 48 with camphor, 145, 227 . with ammonia, &c, 226 with blue pill, 51 with Epsom salts, &c, 49 with colchicum wine, 53 with infusion of gentian, 71 with fennel seed, 225 with carbonate of soda, 225 with columbo, 225 sulphate of, 49, 175 Male fern, 107, 108 Malt, infusion of, 231 Masticatory with pellitory, 171 Mercurial plaster, 114 ointment, 114, 118, 136, 171 cerate, 223 gargle, 219 pills, 170 lotion, 172 collyrium, 210 Mercury, acetate of, 168 chloride of. See Calomel and Corrosive Sublimate. sulph. of, with serpentaria, 76 with chalk and ipecac, 170 sulphate of, 170 red oxide of, 170 INDEX. 263 Mercury, iodide of, 118, 169 red iodide of, 141, 118, 173 solution of cyanuret of, 168 antidotes of, 244 Mezereon, 79 Mineral acids, 133, 201 Monesia, 207 Morphia with tolu, 95 with tannin, 206 sulphate of, 150, 155 acetate of, 150 Mosely's solution, 36 Moxa, 135 Mucilage of starch, 236 Muriate of barytes, 81 of iron with aloes, &c, 104 of iron, tincture of, 186 of ammonia, 134 and arsenic, 179 with iron, &c, 180 injection of, 215 Muriated tincture of iron, 186 Muriatic acid and barley water, 71 with nitric acid, 201 with sulphuret of potass, 222 linctus of, 219 Musk and camphor pills, 163 with carb. of ammonia, 163 enema, 166 mixture, 163, 164 Mustard draught, 36 cataplasm, 126 fomentation, 131 seed, 147 whey, 147 Myrrh with henbane, 85 with sulphate of iron, 100 with hellebore, 103 with ipecacuanha, 82 lotion, 137 with camphor, 145 mixture, Griffith's, 182 with zinc, 83 N Narcotics, 149 antidotes of, 245 Neutral mixture, 75 cerate, Kirkland's, 223 Nitrate of silver, 212 pills of, 180, 181 collyrium of, 213 of potash with tartar emetic, 73 with guaiacum, &c, 78 Nitre with barley water, 81 antidotes of, 245 with calomel and ipecacuanha, 82 with cream of tart, and jalap, 55 Nitre with squill, 59 with calomel and ipecac, 73 Nitric acid with Epsom salts, 50 diluted, 201 lac ammoniac, 91 with camphor, 206 with laudanum, 206 Nitro-muriatic acid, 201 muriate of gold, 181 Nitrous powder, 82 Nut galls, infusion of, 208 Nux vomica powders, 152 resin of, 152 tincture of, 153, 154 O Oak bark gargle, 217 Oil of amber with tolu, 88, 126 of cod liver, 200 of male fern, 108 of valerian, 164 of juniper, 63 of turpentine, 48, 49, 64, 71,109,110 111 of wormseed, 110 of spurge, 49 camphorated, 125 liniment, 122, 125 Ointment of tartar emetic, 114 of arsenic, 134 of red precipitate, 135, 172 of white precipitate, 136 of iodine and calomel, 118 of iodide of zinc, 119 of potassium, 119 of ioduretted iodide of potas- sium, 119, 120 of iodide of arsenic, 120 of cyanide of mere, 120, 173 of iodine, 119 of cyanuret of iron, 120 of iodide of iron, 120 epispastic, 113 stimulating, 135 of carb. ammonia, 137 mercurial, strong, 171 anti-herpetic, 173 of iodide of sulphur, 120 of bromium, 120 of creasote, 121 of belladonna, 122, 159 of sulphur, 122,223 Kentish's, 121 of gall nuts, 222 of oxide of zinc, 222 of rhubarb and opium, 223 of tar and opium, 223 of iodide of mercury, 118, 17" of alum and calomel, 222 264 INDEX. Ointment of iodide of barium, 121 Oleaginous mixture, 48, 49 Olive oil with ammonia, 110, 122 with camphor, 111 Opiate confection, 151 mixture, 153 collyrium, 154, 210 enema, 160 liniment, 124 Opium with nitre, &c, 73 with guaiacum, nitre, &c, 73 with ipecacuanha, &c, 73, 82 with calomel and ipecac, 73, 74 with camphor, &c, 212 liniment, 124 with chalk, 224 wine of, 157 with caustic, 132 lozenges of, 85 with soap in pills, 149 with hyoscyamus, 151 with digitalis, 152 enema, 160 ' with lime water, 160 suppository, 160 with pellitory, 172 with alum, 204 electuary with catechu, 207 with kino, 207 plaster, 161 with acetate of lead, 204 antidotes of, 245 with quinia and calomel, 199 Oxalic acid, antidotes of, 246 Oxide of bismuth, 143, 179 of zinc, 180, 222 of arsenic, 134 of zinc, ointment of, 222 Panado, 232 Paregoric with cicuta, &c, 87 with squills, 86 elixir, 157 Parsley infusion, 62 Pea issue, 138 Pectoral mixture, 93 Pellitory, 171, 172 Pepper cataplasm, 126 with arsenic, 200 Peruvian balsam for the ear, 215 bark. See Cinchona. Phosphate of soda, 42 of ammonia, 196 Phosphoric acid, solution, 136 Phosphorus emulsion, 146 Pills, aromatic, 142 antiseptic, 144 aperient, 45 Pills, Griffitt's, 43 of blue mass, aloes, &c, 43 soda, &c, 43 of rhubarb and soap, 44 of aloes and rhubarb, 44 Fothergill's, 47 Hooper's, 100 Pink root with calomel, 106 with savin, 107 infusion, 109 Piperina with gentian, 178 Pipsisseway, 68, 81 Plaster, warm, 126, 128 of mercury, 114 of opium, 161 of mercurial ointment, 114 of tartar emetic, 114 Pleurisy root, 80 Plummer's pills, 76 Poisons, 239 Pomegranate bark, 110 gargle, 218 Pommade ammoniacale, 117 Poppies, collyrium of, 213 Potassa, carb. of, with lime water, 70 bitartrate of, 62 with jalap, 41 with sulphur, 41 with juniper ber- ries, 63 sulphate of, with rhubarb, 41 bicarbonate of, 59 acetate of, with digitalis, 64 carbonate of, with squill, &c, 65 citrate of, 75, 182 nitrate of, with barley, 81 with calomel and opi- um, 82 mixture of carb. of, &c, 88 carb. of, with cochineal, 88 liquor arsenitis, 186 ioduretted hydriodate of, 194 solution of carb. of, &c, 226, 227 carb. of, with ammonia, 226 caustic, 123, 132 hydrocyanate of, 103 Potassium, cyanuret of, 94, 123 iodide of, 104, 119, 120, 192, 193 sulphuret of, 124, 221, 222 bromide of, 198 Poultices, 135 of tobacco, 38 Powders, James', 74, 75 Seidlitz, 42 Dover's, 82 Protocarbonate of iron, 176 Protoiodide of mere, with morphia, 118 of mercury, 118 INDEX. 265 Prunes, decoction of, 52 Prussiate of iron and guaiacum, 176 Prussic acid solution, 93 mixture, 93 antidotes for, 247 Pulvis antimonialis, 74, 75 Purgatives, 39 Pyroligneous acid, 214 mixture of, 214 Q Quassia, infusion of, &c, 188 pills of, extract of, 180 with serpentaria, 183 Quinia pills, 177 with carbonate of ammonia, 177 in sirup, 183 in mixture, 184 tincture of, 184 with calomel, &c, 199 ferrocyanate of, 184 with blue mass, &c, 199 enema, 190 gargle, 217 with tartar emetic, 36 R Red precipitate ointment, 135, 172 Rennet whey, 236 Rhatany, 205, 209 Rhubarb with calomel, 40 with soap, 44 with aloes, 44, 45 with sulphate of iron, 44 with magnesia, 40, 51 with ipecacuanha, 34, 137 with columbo, 187 with opium, (ointment,) 223 with chalk, 224 with carbonate of soda, 225 with sulph. potass., 41 with senna, 52 Rice water, 230 gruel, 232 Rob Laffecteur, anti syphilitique of, 78 Rubefacients, 114 Sage tea, 183, 230 Sago, 233 Sal seratus with Seltzer water, 70 Salep powders, 232 Salicine, 178 Saline mixture, 75 Salt with cochineal, 107 cataplasm, 127 Sarsaparilla decoction, 7S, 80 with senna, &c, 78 beer, 237 Sassafras infusion, 147 Savin with ginger, &c, 100 with cantharides, 100 with hellebore, 103 with pink root, 107 with acetate of copper, 137 Scabious, 68« Scudamore's gout mixture, 54 Secale cornutum, 101, 102 Seidlitz powders, 42 Seltzer water, 70 Seneka with squills, 38, 86 infusion, 86, 87 in decoction, 95, 101 Senna with figs, 47 with manna and salts, 50, 52 infusion of, 52 with rhubarb, 52 with sulphur, 56 comp., tincture of, 52 with pink root, 109 Serpentaria with sulphuret of mercury, 76 infusion of, 189 with cinchona, 175 Setons, 138 Sharp's bougie, 140 Sialagogues, 167 Sirup of galls and brandy, 209 of ergot, 102 of squill, &c, 86 of seneka and squill, 38, 86 anti syphilitique, 78 of tolu with belladonna, 92 Snake root, Virginia. See Serpentaria. Soap pills, 70 liniment, 122 and rhubarb pills, 44 and assafcetida pills, 162 Soda, carbonate of, with gentian, 225 dried pills of, 61, 70 phosphate of, 42 sub-carb. of, with copaiva, 70 with uva ursi, 60 with magnesia, 225 Solutio vitriolica, 36 Solutions of tartrate of antimony, 36 of sulphate of zinc, 36 of emetina, 37 of bicarb, soda, &c, 70 of sal seratus, 70 of assafcetida, 89 of iodide of potassium, 104 of caustic potash, 123 of muriate of ammonia, 134 Fowler's, mixture of, 1S6 of salt of tartar, 226, 227 Spermaceti mixture, 92 Spice plaster, 126 266 INDEX. Spirits of turpentine, 48, 49, 57, 64, 71 with castor oil, 49 enema of, 57 mixture of, 48, 145 with ether, 111 with cantharides, 121. with guaiacum, 142 with laudanum, &c, 145, 156 linctus of, 146 Sponge, burnt, 196 decoction of, 196 Spurge, 49 Spurred rye, 100. See Ergot. Starch, mucilage of, 236 Steel filings, 180 Stimulants, 141 Squill with nitre, 59 with morphia, 69 with calomel, 61 and digitalis, 61 with paregoric, &c, 86 with colchicum and tobacco, 64 w^th carbonate of potash, 65 sirup of, 86 with conium and ammoniac, 83 with calomel, opium, &c, 84 with seneka, 38 vinegar of, with tinct. jalap, 63 Stramonium, extract of, 151 decoction of, 159 Strychnia pills, 152 tincture of, 153 draught of, 153 acetate of, 197 collyrium, 213 Subcarbonate of potash. See Carbonate of Potassa. Sublimate bath, 130 Suet ptisan, 236 Sugar of lead, 203, 204 Sulphate of copper, 35, 179, 209 pills of, 179 with bole, 218 collyrium of, 210 injection of, 216 wash of, 219 of zinc, 35 with alum, 36 with myrrh, 83 in pills, 84 (injection,) 215 (gargle,) 218 with bole, (injection,) 216 of potash with rhubarb, 41 with opium, &c, 73 of magnesia, 42,49, 51, 52,175 Sulphate of alum with kino, 203 with opium, 204 of morphia, 150, 155 of mercury, 170 of quinia. See Quinia. of iron, 181 with senna, jalap, &c, 100 with aloes, &c, 101 with extract of bark, &c, 181 with sulphuric acid, 182,187 with myrrh, 100 with rhubarb, 84 Sulphur with bitartrate of potassa, 41 and magnesia, 42 confection of, 46 electuary, 56 ointment, 122, 223 Sulphuret of antimony, 74, 76 of potash, lotion of, 124, 221, 222 of mercury, 76 Sulphuric acid, mixture of, 182 Sulphurous water, 129 Supertartrate of potash, 41 Suppository of opium, 160 Swaim's panacea, 78 Swediaur's bougie, 139 Sweet spirits of nitre, 62, 77 Tannin, 205, 206 lotion of, 221 Tapioca jelly, 233 Taraxacum. See Dandelion. Tar liniment, 124 infusion, with hops, 98 ointment, 223 pills, 84 water, 91 fumigation, 97 Tartar emetic solution, 36 and quinia, 36 enema, 57 with corrosive sublimate, 114 withcamph. and opium, 75 with sulph. magnesia, 42, 51 plaster, 114 pills, 83 ointment, 114, 123 whey, 237 Salt of. See Carb. of Potassa. Tartrate of soda, 42 Tea injection, 216 Theriaca, 161 INDEX. 267 Thridace, 150 Tin electuary, 108 antidotes of, 248 Tincture of tolu and antimon. wine, 77 of brucia, 197 antacrid, 172 of aloes, 55, 105, 189 of iodine, 104, 192, 193, 194 of cantharides, 62, 104, 142 of ergot, 102 of hellebore, 102 of savin, &c, 103 of hiera picra, 105 of opium and turpentine, 156 of valerian, 165 of quinia, 184 of nux vomica, 154 of lupulin, 156 of blood root, 89 of guaiacum, 103 of strychnia, 153, 197 of digitalis, 64, 66, 89, 90, 157 of bark with citrate of potash, 182 of bark, 185, 186 of hops, 156 of muriate of iron, 104, 186 of catechu, (mixture,) 208 Tobacco fomentation, 131 poultice, 38 enema, 58 with squills and colchicum, 64 Tolu with digitalis, 90 with copaiba, 90 with amber oil, 88 with morphia, 95 inhalation, 96 with belladonna, 92 with cubebs, 85 Tonics, 174 Turpentine pills, 62, 142 and cantharides, 121 liniment, 121 mixture, 48, 49, 64, 145 Oil of. See Spirits of Tur pentine. Tyrrell's mixture of ioduretted hydriod ate of potassa, 194 U Uva ursi with soda, 60, 69 infusion, 66 Valerian with carb. ammonia, 143 with cinchona, 185, 188 with carb. of iron, 163 bolus, 163 Valerian with musk and camphor, 164, 165 with Hoffman's anodyne, 165 Vegetable soup, 234 Venice turpentine pills, 109 Veratria, tincture and pills of, 54 Verdigris, powder of, 137 Vermifuge bolus, 10S Vermifuges, 106 Vesication, instantaneous, 117 Vinegar collyrium, 211 whey, 236 draught, 187 Vinous infusion of carb. iron, &c, 182 Vitriol, blue. See Sulphate of Copper. Volatile liniment, 122 tinct. of guaiac, 103 Vomiting, excessive, remedies for, 34 W Warner's cordial, 52 Water gruel, 231 iodine, 195 Whey alum, 209 wine, 147 mustard, 147 rennet, 236 tartar, 237 vinegar, 236 White precipitate ointment, 136 Wild cherry bark, 189 Wine, antimonial, 35 of ipecacuanha with antimony, 35 of colchicum, 53, 65 whey, 147 mixture, 148 of opium, 157 of tar, 91 Wistar's cough lozenges, 85 Wormseed oil, 101 Worm tea, 109 Yeast poultices, 127 Yellow wash, 136 Zinc, pills of oxide of, 180 sulphate of, 35, 83 antidotes of, 248 acetate of, (collyrium,) 211 iodide of, (ointment,) 119 chloride of, 133 injection of, 215 gargle, 227 with lime water. 220 pills of sulphate of, 84 oxide of, ointment, 222 CATALOGUE OF MEDICAL, SURGICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD, PHILADELPHIA: AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The following list embraces works on Medical and other Sciences issued by the subscribers. 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Hoblyn's Dictionary of Medical Terms, by Hays, 1 vol. large 12mo.,402 pages, double columns. Medical News and Library, monthly at $1 a year. ANATOMY. Anatomical Atlas, by Smith and Horner, large imp. 8vo., 650 figures. Horner's Special Anatomy and Histology, 7th edition, 2 vols. 8vo., many cuts, 1130 pages. Horner's United States Dissector, 1 vol. large royal 12mo., many cuts, 444 pages. Wilson's Human Anatomy, by Goddard,4th edi- tion (1848), 1 vol. 8vo., 252 wood-cuts, 580 pp. Wilson's Dissector, or Practical and Surgical Anatomy, with cuts, 1 vol. 12mo., 444 pages. PHYSIOLOGY. Carpenter's Principles of Human Physiology, by Clymer, 1 vol. 8vo., 752 pp., 317 illustrations, 3d edition, much improved and enlarged. Carpenter's Elements, or Manual of Physiology, 1 vol. 8vo., 566 pages, many cuts. Connection between Physiology and Intellectual Science, 1 vol. 18mo., paper, price 25 cents. Dunglison's Human Physiology, 6th edition, 2 vols. Svo., 1350 pages, and 370 wood-cuts. Harrison on the Nerves, 1 vol. 8vo., 292 pages. Matteucci on the Physical Phenomena of Living Beings, i vol. 12mo., 3S8 pp., cuts. Muller's Physiology, by Bell, 1 vol. 8vo.,886 pp. Roget's Outlines of Physiology, 8vo., 516 pages. Solly on the Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Brain, 1 vol. Svo., 496 pp. and 118 cuts. Todd and Bowman's Physiological Anatomy and Physiology of Man, with numerous wood-cuts. (Publishing in the Medical News.) PATHOLOGY. Abercrombieon the Stomach, 1 vol. 8vo., 320pp. Abercrombie on the Brain, 1 vol. 8vo., 324 pp. Alison's Outlines of Pathology, &c., 8vo., 420 pp. Berzelius on the Kidneys and Urine, 8vo., 180 pp. Blakiston on Diseases of the Chest, 1 vol., 384 pp. Bennet on the Uterus, 1 vol. 12mo., 146 pages. Blood and Urine Manuals, by Reese, Griffith and Markwell, 1 vol. 12mo., 462 pages, 6 plates, a new work, 1848. Budd on the Liver, 1 vol. 8vo., 392 pages, plates and wood-cuts. Burrows on Cerebral Circulation, 1 vol. 8vo., 216 pages, with 6 colored plates. Billing's Principles, 1 vol. 8vo., 304 pages. Bird on Urinary Deposits, 8vo., 228 pages, cuts. Hasse's Pathological Anatomy, 8vo., 379 pages. Hope on the Heart, by Pennock, a new edition, with plates, 1 vol. 8vo., 572 pages. Hughes on the Lungs and Heart, 1 vol. 12mo., 270 pages, with a plate. Lallemand on Spermatorrhoea; 1 vol.8vo.,320 pp. Philip on Protracted Indigestion, 8vo., 240 pp. Philips on Scrofula, 1 vol. 8vo., 350 pages. Prout on the Stomach and Renal Diseases, 1 vol. 8vo., 466 pages, colored plates. Ricord on Venereal, new ed., 1 vol. 8vo.,256 pp. Vb'gel's Pathological Anatomy of the Human Body, 1 vol. 8vo., 536 pages, col. plates. Walshe on the Lungs, 1 vol. 12mo., 310 pages. Wilson on the Skin, 1 vol. Svo., new ed., 440 pp. Same work, with colored plates. Whitehead on Sterility and Abortion, 1 vol. 8vo., 368 pages. Williams' Pathology, or Principles of Medicine, by Clymer, a much improved edition, 1848, 440 pages, 1 vol. 8vo. Williams on the Respiratory Organs, by Clymer, 1 vol. 8vo., 500 pages. PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Ashwell on the Diseases of Females, 2d edition, 1848, 1 vol. 8vo., 520 pages. Bartlett on Fevers, new edition, much enlarged, a complete work on the Fevers of the U. S. Now ready. 550 pages. Benedict's Compendium of Chapman's Lectures, 1 vol. 8vo., 258 pages. Chapman on Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera, &c, 1 vol. 8vo., 384 pages. Chapman on Fevers, Gout, Dropsy, &c. &c, 1 vol. 8vo., 450 pages. Colombat de L'Isere on Females, translated and edited by Meigs, 1 vol. 8vo., 720 pages, cuts. Condie on the Diseases of Children, 2d edition, 1 vol. 8vo., 658 pages. Churchill on the Diseases of Females, by Huston, 4th edition, 1 vol. 8vo., 604 pages. Clymer and others on Fevers, a complete work in 1 vol. 8vo., 600 pages. Dewees on Children, 9th ed., 1 vol. 8vo., 548 pp. Dewees on Females, 9th edition, 1 vol.8vo.,532 pages, with plates. Dunglison's Practice of Medicine, 3d edition, (1848,) 1 vols. 8vo.,15Q0 pages. Esquirol on Insanity, by Hunt, 8vo., 496 pages. Meigs' Letters on Diseases of Females, 1 vol. Svo., 670 pages. A new work, 1848. Meigs on Certain Diseases of Infancy, 1 vol 8vo. A new work, preparing, 1848. Thomson on the Sick Room, &c, 1 vol. large 12mo., 360 pages, cuts. Watson's Principles and Practice of Physic, 3d edition by Condie, 1 vol. 8vo., 1060 large pages. West's Lectures on the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. (Publishing in the Medical News and Library.) SURGERY. Brodie on Urinary Organs, 1 vol. 8vo., 214 pages. Brodie on the Joints, 1 vol. 8vo., 216 pages. Brodie's Lectures on Surgery, 1 vol. 8vo., 350 pp. Brodie's Select Surgical Works, 780 pp. 1 vol. 8vo. Chelius' System of Surgery, by South and Norris, in 3 large 8vo. vols., near 2200 pages, or in 17 parts at 50 cents each. Cooperon Dislocations and Fractures, 1 vol. 8vo., 500 pages, many cuts. Cooper on Hernia, 1 vol. imp. 8vo., many plates. Cooper on the Testis and Thymus Gland, 1 vol. imperial 8vo., many plates. Cooper on the Anatomy and Diseases ofthe Breast, Surgical Papers, &c. &c, 1 vol. imp.8vo., pl'ts. Druitt's Principles and Practice of Modern Sur- gery, 1 vol. 8vo., 576 pages, 193 cuts, 4th ed., now ready, (1848). Dufton on Deafness and Disease ofthe Ear, 1vol. 12mo., 120 pages. Durlacher on Corns, Bunions, &c, 12mo., 134 pp. Fergusson's Practical Surgery, 1 vol. 8vo., 3d edition (1848), 630 pages, 274 cuts. Guthrie on the Bladder, 8vo., 150 pages. Jones' (Wharton) Ophthalmic Medicine and Sur- gery, by Hays, 1 vol. royal I2mo.,529 pages, many cuts, and plates plain or colored. LEA & BLANCIIARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 3 Liston's Lectures on Surgery, by Mutter, 1 vol. 8vo., 566 pages, many cuts. Lawrence on the Eye, by Hays, new edition, much improved, 863 pages, many cuts & plates. Lawrence on Ruptures, 1 vol. 8vo., 480 pages. Miller's Principles of Surgery,2d edition, 1 vol. 8vo.,538pp., 1848. Miller's Practice of Surgery, 1 vol.8vo., 496 pp. Maury's Dental Surgery, 1 vol. 8vo., 286 pages, many plates and cuts. Robertson on the Teeth, 1 vol. 8vo., 230 pp., pts. Sargent's Minor Surgery, 1 vol. royal l2mo., 380 pages, 128 cuts. A new work, 1848. MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS. Christison's New Dispensatory, edited by Griffith, with additions from Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias, and other sources, 1 large vol. 8vo., 216 cuts, over 1000 pages. Dunglison's Materia Medica and Therapeutics, a new ed., with cuts, 2 vols. 8vo., 986 pages. Dunglison on New Remedies, 5th ed., 1 vol. 8vo., 653 pages. Ellis' Medica] Formulary, 8th ed., much improv- ed, 1 vol. 8vo., 272 pages. Griffith's Medical Botany, a new work, 1 large vol. 8vo., 704 pp., with over 350 illustrations. Mayne's Dispensatory and Formulary, by Griffith, 1 vol. 12mo., 330 pages. A new work. Pereira's Materia Medica and Therapeutics, by Carson, 2d edition, 2 vols. Svo., 1580 very large pages, nearly 300 wood-cuts. Royle's Materia Medica and Therapeutics, by Carson, 1 vol. 8vo., 689 pages, many cuts. OBSTETRICS. Churchill's Theory and Practice of Midwifery, by Huston, 3d ed., 1 vol. 8vo., 526 pp., many cuts. Dewees' System of Midwifery, 11th ed., 1 vol. 8vo., 660 pages, with plates. Ramsbotham on Parturition, with many plates, 1 large vol. imperial 8vo., new and improved edition, 520 pages. CHEMISTRY AND HYGIENE. Brigham on Excitement, &c, 1 vol. 12mo., 204 pp. Dunglison on Human Health, 2d ed.,8vo., 464 pp. Fowne's Elementary Chemistry for Students, 2d ed., 1 vol. royal 12mo., 460 pages, many cuts. Gardner's Manual of Medical Chemistry, 1 vol. 12mo., cuts. A new work, 1848, 400 pp. Griffith's Chemistry of the Four Seasons, 1 vol. royal 12mo., 451 pages, many cuts. Knapp's Chemical Technology, by Johnson, Vol. I., 8vo., 504 pp., 214 large cuts. Practical Organic Chemistry, 18mo.,paper, 25 cts- Simon's Chemistry of Man, 8vo., 730 pp., plates MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, EDUCATION, &c. Bartlett's Philosophy of Medicine, 1 vol. 8vo., 312 pages. Dunglison's Medical Student, 2d ed.l2mo. ,312pp. Man's Power over himself to Prevent or Control Insanity, 18mo., paper, price 25 cents. Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence, by Griffith, 1 vol. 8vo., 540 pages. Taylor on Poisons, by Griffith, 1 vol. 8vo., 688 pp. Traill'sMedical Jurisprudence,! vol.8vo.,234pp. NATURAL SCIENCE, &c. Arnott's Elements of Physics, new edition, 1 vol. 8vo., 484 pages, many cuts. Ansted's Ancient World, Popular Geology, in 1 12mo. volume, with numerous cuts, 382 pages. Bird's Natural Philosophy, 1 vol. royal 12mo., 402 pages and 372 woodcuts. Brewster's Optics,! vol. 12mo. 423 pp. many cuts. Babbage's " Fragment," 1 vol. 8vo., 250 pages. Buckland's Geology and Mineralogy, 2 vols. 8vo., with numerous plates and maps. Bridgewater Treatises, with many plates, cuts, maps, &c, 7 vols. 8vo., 3287 pages. Carpenter's Popular Vegetable Physiology, 1 vol. royal 12mo., many cuts. Dana on Corals, being vol. 8 of Ex. Expedition, royal 4to., extra cloth. Hale's Ethnography and Philology of the U. S. Exploring Expedition, in 1 large imp. 4to. vol. Herschel's Treatise on Astronomy, 1 vol. 12mo., 417 pages, numerous plates and cuts. Introduction to Vegetable Physiology, founded on DeCandolle,Lindley,&c, 18mo., paper, 25 cts. Kirby on Animals, plates, 1 vol. 8vo., 520 pages. Kirby and Spence's Entomology, from 6th Lon- don ed., 1 vol. 8vo., 600 large pages; plates plain or colored. Muller's Physics and Meteorology, 1 vol. 8vo., 636 pp., with 540 woodcuts and 2 col'd plates Philosophy in Sport made Science in Earnest, vol. royal 18mo., 430 pages, many cuts. Roget's Animal and Vegetable Physiology, with 400 cuts, 2 vols. Svo., 872 pages. Small Books on Great Subjects, 12 parts, done up in 3 handsome 12mo. volumes, extra cloth. Somerville's Physical Geography, 12mo., cloth. Weisbach's Mechanics applied to Machinery and Engineering, Vol. I. 8vo., 486 pp. 550 woodcuts. VETERINARY MEDICINE. Claterand Skinner's Farrier, I vol. 12mo., 220 pp. Youatt's Great Work on the Horse, by Skinner, 1 vol. 8vo., 448 pages, many cuts. Youatt and Clater's Cattle Doctor, 1 vol. 12mo., 282 pages, cuts. Youatt on the Dog, by Lewis, 1 vol. demy 8vo., 403 pages, beautiful plates. Youatt on the Pig, a new work with beautiful il- lustrations of all the different varieties, 12mo. Neill ytical Compend of Practical Medicine, Surgery, Anatomy, Midwifery, Dis- eases of Women and Children, Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Physiology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, with numerous illustrations, 1 vol. 12mo., 900 pages. NEW MEDICAL AMD SCIENTIFIC BOOKS. LEA & BLANCHARD have in Preparation for early Publication, ivT,^li«p' iUidwiferv. with numerous woodcuts, 1 vol. bvo. Vest's Lectureson the Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. A New Work on popular mea.cine, i vol. Svo. A Cvcl^d"a of Anatomy and Physiology, based on the large work of Todd, 1 vol. Svo. illustrated. Todd anT Bowman's Physiological Anafomy and Physiology of Man. To be complete in 1 vol. 8vo. with „„«n.it«___ne ta Reche's New Work on Geology, with numerous woodcuts. ^.fann's Technology, or Chemtstry Applied to the Arts and to Manufactures, edited by Johnson, Vol. II., fivo with many hundred illustrations.---Barlow on Medicine, 1 vol 8vo. Weisbach's Mechanics Applied to .Machinery and Engineering, edited by Johnson UGrXrr^E°e^ Bridges. 2d ed., 1 vol. Svo with several hundred illustrations w "With various other Important Works. Vol. II., with 500 illus- 4 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. PROFESSOR MEIGS' NEW WORK.—Now Ready. FEMALES AND THEIR DISEASES; A SERIES OF LETTERS TO HIS CLASS. BY C. D. MEIGS, M. D., Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children in the Jefferson Medical College, Phila- delphia, &c. &c. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume of six hundred and seventy pages. "We think that Dr. M. has done to his class, and to the profession generally, a service for which they will be grateful, and for which he merits the approbation of all. He has endeavored to perform his task, he tells us, in a spirit of " freedom and abandon," very different from the dulness which has hitherto characterized medical writings; and we think he has succeeded in producing a very agreeable, amusing, clever and in- structive book, which will be read with pleasure, and be likely to be impressive.—N. Y. Annalist. He has evidently seen almost every form and variety of female disease, and not only seen, but observed and reflected, and if we may judge by the innate evidence afforded by the volume itself, practised success- fully. His volume contains many practical hints and suggestions which will repay perusal.— The Charleston Medical Journal and Review. The work is written in a free, animated conversational style, and is replete with sound practical instruc- tion.— The Western Lancet. We warmly commend the work of Professor Meigs as a highly interesting and instructive volume.—IV. Y. Journal of Medicine. The remaining affections ofthe womb, included in the volumes before us, are treated of very learnedly, and much valuable instruction is communicated concerning them. Dr. Meigs' views as to the nature and causes of these affections are generally correct, while his long and extensive experience gives to his practical direc- tions no trifling weight. The work contains a very large fund of valuable matter, and will, in all probability, become a very popular one.—American Medical Journal, Jan. 1S43. His great reputation, the change in the book from the usual manner of writing, and the intrinsic merits with which the work abounds, will give it a wide spread circulation, and a very general perusal.—Northern and Western Medical and Surgical Journal. The style is certainly not faultless, but yet it is one which, we venture to believe, will prove acceptable to most of the readers to whom it is especially addressed. It is fresh, buoyant, varied and sprightly, and one is carried along by it without weariness. "As to the doctrine and the precept of these letters," we think with the author, that "he had a right, at his time of life, to be heard upon them," and we are quite sure that he will be heard with great advantage. Whatever difference of opinion there may be respecting the manner of the letters, there can be no diversity as to the matter. They are full of instruction. It would be difficult to point to a volume'containing more valuable information relative to females and their diseases. We take leave of these Letters with the conviction that they will be productive of great good. They will be read with attention by many who would not have patience to wade through an elaborate, systematic treatise on diseases of females, and there is something in the dashing, random style which serves to impress their sen- timents upon the memory. We do not undertake to say that the style is the best; it would probably be hazard- ous to assert that it is even a proper one for such a subject; but we must say, that it has contributed its share towards the pleasure with which we have read this volume —The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. MEIGS ON CHILDREN—Nearly Ready. ON CERTAIN DISEASES OE INFANTS. BY C. D. MEIGS, M. D. In One Octavo Volume. New Edition---Revised for this Country, 1848, THEORY AND PRACflCE OF MIDWIFERY, BY FLEETWOOD CHURCHILL, M. D., Hon. Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, &c. &c WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS ^ BY ROBERT M. HUSTON, M. D., &c. Third American Edition, Revised and Improved by the Author. WITH ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS. In one very handsome octavo volume. Prefate to the Third American Edition by the Author.—I have been requested by the American publishers to revise this edition of my book, and to make such additions as the progress of science may have rendered necessary. This I have dowe so far as time permitted; and though I confess that the work is far from being as complete as I could wish, jet I see no reason to modify or change the principles therein incul- cated. An extended experience will of course, in all such cases, involve the insertion of new mat- ter; and, owing to the industry of my friend Dr. Huston, I feel satisfied that few facts of importance have been omitted. I owe a large debt of gratitude to my American friends,which I gladly take this opportunity of acknowledging, and also to the profession in America for the flattering reception they have given to my volumes. No reward could be more highly valued by me, nor could anything make me more anxious, by labor and study, to make my works as perfect as possible, than the knowledge that their usefulness may extend to another hemisphere.—Dublin, November, 1847. As we have formerly called the attention of our readers to the extraordinary merits of this work, we need onlyadd, that it continues to occupy the foremost rank among publications connected with the obstetric art. Tiie author has added also to its utility by posting up all the new facts and observations which have trans- piredsiuce the appearance of the last edition.— N Y. Journal of Medicine. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 5 Now Complete~THE GREAT SURGICAL LIBRARY. A SYSTEM OF SUEGEEY, BY J. M. CHE LI US, Doctor in Medicine and Surgery, Public Professor of General and Ophthalmic Surgery, &c. &c. in the University of Heidelberg. TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN, AND ACCOMPANIED WITH ADDITIONAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS, BY JOHN F. SOUTH, Surgeon to St. Thomas' Hospital. EDITED, WITH REFERENCE TO AMERICAN AUTHORITIES, BY GEORGE W. NORMS, M. D. Now complete, in three large Svo. volumes of nearly twenty-two hundred pages, or in 17 numbers, at 50 cents. This work has been delayed beyond the time originally promised for its completion, by the very extensive additions of the translator, and by the size ofthe very complete Index, extending to over 170 large pages in double columns. In answer to numerous inquiries, the publishers now have the pleasure to present it in a perfect state to the profession, forming three unusually large volumes, bound in the best manner, and sold at a very low price. The most learned and complete systematic treatise now extant—Edinburgh Medical Journal. No work in the English language comprises so large an amount of iiiformaiion relative to operative medl cine and surgical pathology.—Medical Gazette. We .have, indeed seen no work which so nearly comes up to our idea of what such a production should be, both as a practical guide and as a work of reference, as this; and the fact that it has passed through six edi- tions in Germany, and been translated into seven languages, is sufficiently convincing proof of it* value. It is methodical and concise, clear and accurate; omitting all minor details and fruitless speculations, it gives us all the information we want in the shortest and simplest form.—The New York Journal of Medicine. ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF MATERIA MEDICA.~Aniply Illustrated. THE ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS, COMPREHENDING THE NATURAL HISTORY, PREPARATION, PROPERTIES, COMPO- SITION, EFFECTS AND USES OF MEDICINES. BY JONATHAN PEREIRA, M.D., F.R. S. and L. S., Member ofthe Society of Pharmacy of Paris; Examiner in Materia Medica and Pharmacy ofthe University of London; Lecturer on Materia Medica at the London Hospital, &c. &c. Second American from the last London Edition, enlarged and improved. WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS BY JOSEPH CARSON, M. D. In two volumes octavo, containing Fifteen Hundred very large pages, illustrated by Two Hundred and Seventy-five Wood cuts. Notwithstanding the large size of this work, and the immense quantity of matter contained in its closely printed pages, it is offered at a price so low as to place it within the reach of all. This encyclopaedia of Materia Medica. for such it may justly be entitled, gives the fullest and most ample exposition of materia medica and its associate branches of any work hitherto published in the English language. It abounds in research and erudition; its statements of facts are clear and methodically arranged, while its therapt utical explanations are philosophical, and in accordance with sound clinical experience. It is equally adapted as a text-book for students, or a work of reference for the advanced practitioner, and no one can con- sult its pages without profit The editor has performed liis task with much ability and judgment. In the first Americaifedition he adopted the Pharmacopoeia of the United States, and the formula? set forth in that stand- ard authority ; in the present he has introduced an account of substances that have recently attracted attention by their therapeutic employment, together with the mode of forming the characters and uses of new pharma- ceutic preparations, and the details of more elaborate and particular chemical investigations, with respect to the nature of previously known and already described elementary principles: all the important indigenous medicines of the United States heretofore known are also described. The work, however, is too well known to need any further remark. We have no doubt it will have a circulation commensurate with its extraordi- nary merits.— The New York Journal of Medicine. CONDIE ON CHILDREN—New Edition, 1847. A practicalYreatise on ME ©HSIEASES ©IF (SHUILBSIlMo BY I). FRANCIS CONDIE, M.D., Fellow of the College of Physicians; Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. Second Edition. In One large Octavo Volume. The publishers would particularly call the attention of the profession to an examination of this work which has been extensively introduced as a text-book throughout the Union. The best treatise on the diseases of children in the English language.—Medical Examiner. A far more complete exposition of its subject than any other treatise on the diseases of children >n the Eng- ish language.—American Medical Journal. From Professor Fallen, of the University of St. Louis. "I consider it the best treatise on the diseases of children that we possess, and as such have been in the kftbit of recommending it as a textbook to my classes." 6 LEA AND BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. MANUALS FOR EXAMINATION NOW READY. AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, FOR THE USE AND EXAMINATION OF STUDENTS. BY JOHN NEILL, M. D., DEMONSTRATOR OF ANATOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, LECTURER ON ANATOMY IN THE MEDICAL INSTITUTE OF PHILADELPHIA, ETC., FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, M.D., LECTURER ON PHYSIOLOGY IN THE PHILADELPHIA ASSOCIATION FOR MEDICAL INSTRUCTION, ETC. ETC. Forming One very large and handsomely printed Volume in royal duodecimo, of over Nine Hundred large pages, with about Three Htmdred and Fifty Wood Engravings, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. The great progress of the Medical Sciences, and the increasing number and size ofthe standard text-books in the various departments of Medicine and Surgery, have created a necessity for Com- pends or Manuals, to assist the student in the prosecution of his labors, and the practitioner in refreshing his recollection of former studies. The present work has been prepared solely to meet this want. No one could pretend to com- press into a limited space all the information necessary to the student or practitioner; but the authors hope to have succeeded in embodying in its pages the elements of medical science; as much, indeed as is compatible with its character as an analysis. While, therefore, the volume is not offered as a substitute tor the ordinary text-books, or to lessen the necessity of regular attendance on lectures or close office study, it can hardly fail to be of practical use in facilitating the acquisition of know- ledge by the student. It is hoped, also, that the arrangement adopted will be found at once con- cise and intelligible, and that the mechanical execution of the work, its copious illustrations and neat, cheap and compendious form will prove all that can be desired by the student and prac- titioner. r To adapt it still further to the use of the student, the work is divided into seven portions, cor- responding to the leading divisions of medical and surgical science. These are paged separately, ttnd may be had done up in stout covers, each being perfect in itself, and forming convenient vol- nines to carry in the pocket to the lecture room, or fitting them to be sent by mail. It will thus be seen that this work affords, at a price unprecedentediy low, a series of digests of the medical and surgical sciences, clearly and conveniently arranged, and forming a complete set of HANDBOOKS FOR STUDENTS, as follows:— ANATOMY; 180 large pages, with 157 Illustrations. Price 75 Cents. PHYSIOLOGY; 134 pages, with 40 Illustrations. Price 60 Cents. SURGERY; 122 pages, with 51 Illustrations. Price 60 Cents. OBSTETRICS; 114 pages, wilh 37 Illustrations. Price 50 Cents. MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; 116 pages, with 29 Illustrations. Price 50 Cents. CHEMISTRY; 94 pages, with 19 Illustrations. Price 40 Cents. THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE; 152 pages, with 3 Illustrations. Price 50 Cents. Any one of which may be had separate; or, the whole will be done up and mailed, with the nost- 3diKp 'on remmance of $4; orj lf $5 ls remitted>The Medica' S.wVwSl be .eE in HiXl^ is ™% ■«••. thus making these LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 7 DISPENSATORY AND FORMULARY—Now Ready. A DISPENSATORY AND THERAPEUTICAL REMEMBRANCER, COMPRISING THE ENTIRE LISTS OF MATERIA MEDICA, WITH EVERY PRACTICAL FORMULA CONTAINED IN THE THREE BRITISH PHARMACOPCEIAS. With Relative Tables subjoined, Illustrating by upwards of 660 Examples, THE EXTEMPORANEOUS FORMS AND COMBINATIONS SUITABLE FOR THE DIFFERENT MEDICINES. BY JOHN MAYNE, M. D., L. R. C. S., Edin\, &c. &c. Edited, with the addition of the Formulae of the XT. S. Pharmacopeia, BY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D., Author of "Medical Botany," &c. In One Duodecimo Volume, of over three hundred large pages. There is no work before the Profession, presenting in the same compass what the author and editor have attempted to embrace in this little volume—namely an unabridged practical formulary of the three British Pharmacopoeias, and that ofthe United Stales ; and this in addition to a full amount of collective information as to the uses of the different medicines, and other important points relating to remedial means and appliances. The various advantages derivable from possession of a clear and comparative view—such as is herein submitted—of the officinal preparations directed by the high authorities referred to, are self-evident, and must be appreciated by the prescriber as well as the dispenser of medicines. Another feature of originality, which it is expected will prove highly serviceable, is the introduction, wherever deemed requisite, of extemporaneous formulae into the work. These are separated from the phar- macopcsial or continuous text of each page in the form of foot-notes; and it need scarcely be explained, are intended to assist the practitioner's memory, by suggestions of forms and combinations most suitable for '.he medicinal substances to which they are annexed. Mr Dear Mayne:—I have looked over the proofs. Your little work will be exceedingly useful. I shall be very glad to see a copy of it, and to notice my name as you propose to place it. Believe me, &c. &c. ROBERT LlaTON. Clifford St., Nov. 3, 1847. The neat typography, convenient size, and low price of this volume, recommend it especially to physi- cians, apothecaries and students in want of a pocket manual. SARGENT'S MINOR SURGERY—A New Work, 1848. DN BANBAMNO, AND OTHER POINTS OF MINOR SURGERY. BY F. W. SARGENT, M. D. • In one handsome volume, royal \2mo., with nearly 400 Pages, and 12S Woodcuts. CONTENTS. Part I-Chanter 1 Instruments used in Dressing. Chapter 2. Surgical Dressings. Chapter 3, General RuTea foi-Dressing Chapter^, o„ the use of Water (Irrigation, Douche, Bathing, Water and Vapor Baths), Fumt- g Part*U-B?ndl"«™F*e% Application. Chapter 1, The Roller or Simple Bandage; Compound Band- ages M Mayert• Sy^em of Bandaging. Chapter II, Regional Bandaging, (head and neck, trunk, upper Compound Dislocations. r,.nt.Tl Blood-lettin°\ (General and Topical Bleeding.) Chapter Part Y-Minor Surgical Operations Chapter 1, Bl°°° (e^^'g( mive Counter-irritants )° Chapter 3, 2, Modes of effecting Counter-.rntalior. (^^g^^^-^nds. Chapter 5. Introduction of the Catheter. ' LIBRARY OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY—Brought up to 1847. A TREATISE ON THETlSEASES OF THE EYE, BY W. LAWRENCE, F.R.S., . Sur-eon Extraordinary to the Queen; Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c. &c. D A NEW EDITION, With many Modifications and Additions, and the Introduction of nearly Two Hundred Illustrations. UahmanyMO «/. ^ ^^ R ^ M ^ Sureeon to Wills'Hospital; Physician to the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, &c&c. , ,,„„„ volume of near 900 pages, with 12 plates and numerous wood-cuts through the test. 8 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. ATLAS OF ANATOMY, for the Medical Student Price only FVve Dollars, in parts. AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY. BY HENRY H. SMITH, M.D., Fellow of the College of Physicians, &c. UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF WILLIAM E. HORNER, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania In One large Volume, Imperial Octavo. This work consists of five parts, whose contents are as follows: Part I. The Bones and Ligaments, with one hundred and thirty engravings. Part II. The Muscular and Dermoid Systems, with ninety-one engravings. Part IK. The Organs of Digestion and Generation, with one hundred and ninety-one engravings. Part IV. The Organs of Respiration and Circulation, with ninety-eight engravings. Part V. The Nervous System and the Senses, with one hundred and twenty-six engravings. Forming altogether a complete System of Anatomical Plates, of nearly SIX HUNDRED AND FIFTV FIGURES, executed in the best style of art. and making one large imperial octavo volume. Those who do not want it in parts can have the work bound in extra cloth or sheep at an extra cost. HORNER'S ANATOMY, New Edition. SPECIAL ANATOMT AND HISTOLOGY, BY AVILLIAM E. HORNER, M.D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania, &c. &c. SEVENTH EDITION. Wiih many improvements and additions. In two octavo volumes, with illustrations on wood. The name of Professor Horner is a sufficient voucher for the fidelity and accuracy of any work on anatomy; but if any further evidence could be required of the value of the present publication, it is afforded by the fact 01 iis having reached a seventh edition. It is altogether unnecessary now to inquire into the particular merits of a work which has been so long before the profession, and is so well known as the present one, but in an- nouncing a new edition, it is proper to state that it has undergone several modifications, and has been much extended, so as lo place it on a level with the existing advanced state of anaiomy. The histological portion h«s been remodelled and rewritten since the last edition; numerous woodcuts have been introduced, and spe- cific references are made throughout the work to the beautiful figures in the Anatomical Atlas, by Dr. H. H. Smith.— The American Medical Journal for January 1847. HORNER'S DISSECTOR. THE UNITED STATES DISSECTOR; BEING A NEW EDITION, WITH EXTENSIVE MODIFICATIONS, AND ALMOST REWRITTEN, OF "HORNJER'S PRACTICAL ANATOMY." In One very neat Volume, royal V2mo., with many Illustrations on Wood. Anything emanating from the pen of Professor Horner, on anatomical science, is sure to be at once clear and correct. For more than 20 years this valuable little work has been before the profession, and during that period, sustained the high reputation of its author as a great practical anatomist. It is at the same time con cise and simple in us arrangement, beginning with the alphabet of the science, and gradually leading the stu dent onward to the more ample part of the study. Every student who wishes to acquire a correct knowledge of Anatomy, should have a copy of this book spread before him on the dissecting table.— The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. Much Enlarged Edition—Now Ready, THE HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE FEYERS OF THE UNITED STATES. BY ELISHA BARTLETT, M. D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in the Medical Department of Transylvania University, &c. In One Octavo Volume of 550 Pages, beautifully printed and strongly bound. Decidedly the most valuable treatise on Fevers with which we are acquainted. As its title indicates, it contains the •• History, Diagnosis and Treatmentofihe Feversof the United States," comprehending Typhoid, I ypnus. Periodical and Yellow Fevers. The work is remarkably systematic, and writien in a clear, perspi- cuous and easy style. It is eminently calculated to be useful to the profession, and cannot fail to secure to its able author a European reputation, as well as to reflect credit upon the medical literature of our country.— Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. wi«»uj. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. DUNGLISON'S PRACTICE OF MEDICINE, Enlarged and Improved Edition, Brought up to 1848. THE PRAGTIGEJIF MEDiOENE; A TREATISE ON SPECIAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. THIRD EDITION. By ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., Professor ofthe Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College; Lecturer on Clinical Medicine, t\c In Two Large Octavo Volumes of Fifteen Hundred Pages. Professor Dunglison's work has rapidly passed to the third edition, and is now presented to the profession as probably the most complete work on the Practice of Medicine that has appeared in our country. It is especially characterized by extensive and laborious research, minute and accu- rate pathological, semeiological and therapeutical descriptions, together with that fullness of detail which is so important to the student. The present edition has been considerably enlarged; indeed the indefatigable author seems to have explored all ofthe labyrinths of knowledge, from which important facts and opinions could be gleaned, for the instruction of his readers. We cheerfully commend the work to those who are not already familiar with its merits. It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any knowledge. There is scarcely a disease which the student will not find noticed.—Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. One ofthe most elaborate treatises ofthe kind we have.—Southern Medical and Surg. Journal. The work of Dr. Dunglison is too well known, to require at our hands, at the present time, an analysis of its contents, or any exposition of the manner in which the author has treated the several subjects embraced in it. The call for a third edition within five years from the appearance of the first, is, of itself, a sufficient evidence of the opinion formed of it by the medical profession of our country. That it is well adapted as a text-book for the use ofthe student, and at the same time as a book of reference for the practitioner, is very generally admitted; in both points of view, for accu- racy and completeness, it will bear a very advantageous comparison with any of the numerous co- temporary publications on the practice of medicine, that have appeared in this country or in Europe. The edition before us bears the evidence of the author's untiring industry, his familiarity with the various additions which are constantly being made to our pathological and therapeutical knowledge, and his impartiality in crediting the general sources from which his materials have been derived. Several pathological affections, omitted in the former editions, are inserted in the present, while every portion of the work has undergone a very thorough revision. It may with truth be said, that nothing of importance that has been recorded since the publication of the last edition, has escaped the attention of the author; the present edition may, therefore, be regarded as an adequate exponent of the existing condition of knowledge on the important departments of medicine of which it treats.—The American Journal ofthe Medical Sciences, Jan. 1848. The Physician cannot get a better work of the kind than this, and when he masters its contents, he will have mastered all that such treatises can afford him.—St. Louis Med. Sf Surg. Journal, June 1848. DUNGLISON ON NEW REMEDIES. NEW EDITION. NEW REMEDIES. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., &c. &c. Fifth edition, with extensive additions. In one neat octavo volume. A work like thi<= is obviously not suitable for either critical or analytical review. It is, so far as it goes, a disneZaiorv in whiXa^n account is given ofthe chemical and physical properties of all the articles recently added to the' MaTerfa Medea and their preparations, with a notice of the diseases for which they are pre- scribed! the doses, mode of administration, Ice-The Medical Examiner. THE MEDICAL #UEENT,1r1iD?T^IHE STUDY OF MEDICINE. 1X1U iUil«lU«. ^ REVIS'ED AND MODIFIED EDITION. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D. In one neat Vimo. volume. HUMAN HEALTH; nr the Influence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change of Air and Climate, Sea- ' «f SS Clothing, Bathing and Mineral Springs, Exercise Sleep, Corpo- S° real^nd Intellectual Pursuits, &c. &c. on Healthy Man: Constituting ELEMENTS OF HYGIENE. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D. A New Edition with many Modifications and Additions. In one Volume. Svo. 10 LEA. & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. THE GREAT AMERICAN MEDICAL DICTIONARY, NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION, BROUGHT UP TO SEPTEMBER, 1848. NOW READY, MEDICAL LEXICON; A DICTIONARY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE, CONTAINING A CONCISE EXPLANATION OF THE VARIOUS SUBJECTS AND TERMS, WITH THE FRENCH AND OTHER SYNONYMES; NOTICES OF CLIMATE AND OF CELEBRATED MINERAL WATERS; FORMULA FOR VARIOUS OFFICINAL AND EMPIRICAL PREPARATIONS. ETC. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., PEOFESSOK OF THE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, ETC. ETC. SEVENTH EDITION, CAREFULLY REVISED AND GREATLY ENLARGED, Iii One very large and beautifully printed Octavo Volume of over Nine Hundred Pages, closely printed in double columns. Strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Since its first publication, many years since, this work has been steadily advancing in reputation and increasing in favor with the profession, till it may now safely be pronounced THE STANDARD AMERICAN MEDICAL DICTIONARY. Never having been stereotyped, the author has been able, in the successive reprints, to embody all the novelties and improvements of science as fast as they have appeared, to accomplish which great industry as well as great judgment has been necessary. As an exemplification of the man- ner in which this work is kept up to the day, it may be stated that this edition contains OVER SIX THOUSAND WORDS AND TERMS not embraced in the preceding, which, in its turn, had TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED more than the Fifth Edition. The profession, therefore, can understand the manner in which thia work has gradually increased until it contains satisfactory definitions of OVER FORTY-FIVE THOUSAND WORDS. Thus becoming a vast reservoir of medical Science in all its branches. It will thus be seen why it is regarded as the STANDARD WORK OF REFERENCE FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. Every means has been employed in the preparation of the present edition, to render its me- chanical execution and typographical accuracy in every way worthy its extended reputation and universal use. The size of the page has been enlarged, and the work itself increased more than a hundred pages; the press has been watched with great care; a new font of type has been used, p;ocured for the purpose; and the whole printed on fine clear white paper, manufactured expressly. Notwithstanding this marked improvement over all former editions,iJfc price is retained at the original low rate, placing it within the reach of all who may have occalron to refer to its pages. From among numerous notices of former editions, the publishers append a few. The most complete Medical Dictionary in the English language.— Western Lancet. We but express the general opinion when we say that Dr. Dunglison's Dictionary has not its superior, if, indeed, its equal, in the English language. So much for the preceding editions. The present is, of course, an improvement on its predecessors, and contains all the new terms employed by advancing science. We hearti- ly recommend this Dictionary to medical men, as they will be able to find in it almost every term used in the medical and collateral sciences, and almost every topic embraced by these long and voluminous annals. It is a work destined to constitute the proudest monument of its author's industry and learning—to perpetuate through coming centuries the memory of his name and his services to science—to reflect honor on American medicine.—St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. The Dictionary of Professor Dunglison might, without any great stretch of propriety, be called a Cyclopedia of Medical Science, so comprehensive is it in its scope, and so minute in its details. In this respect it pos- sesses a great advantage over its contemporary publications of the kind. Whatever one may expect to meet \v;th in a dictionary of terms, he is pretty sure to find in its ample pages, besides a vast deal of matter not commonly embraced in medical lexicons, and not readily found in other publications.—Tlie Medical Examiner. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 11 A NEW EDITION OF DDNGLISON'S HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. HUMAN P I-IY S I 0 L O G Y. WITH THREE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY ILLUSTRATIONS. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M.D., PROFESSOR OF TIIE INSTITUTES OF MEDICINE IN THE JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA, ETC. ETC. Sixth edition, greatly improved.—In two large octavo volumes, containing nearly 1350 pages. This work has been so long received throughout the Union as the leading text-book on Physiology, that ;n presenting this edition the publishers deem it necessary only to remark that they have endeavored to render the mechanical execution of the work in some degree worthy its acknowledged merits by an advance in both the number and beauty of the illustrations, and an improvement in the style of printing. The name ot the author is sufficient guarantee that each new edition fully keeps pace with the advance of science. DDNGLISOX'S THERAPEUTICS—New and lucl Improved edition. QENERAL THERAPEUTICS~AND MATERIA MEDICA. With One Hundred and Twenty Illustrations. ADAPTED FOR A MEDICAL TEXT-BOOK. BY ROBLEY DUNGLISON, M. D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine, &e. in Jefferson Medical College; late Professor of Materia Medica, &c. in the Universities of Virginia and Maryland, and in Jefferson Medical College. Third Edition, Revised and Improved, in Two Octavo Volumes, well bound. Our junior brethren in America will find in these volumes of Professor Dunglison a "Thesaurus Medica- Minum" more valuable than a large purse of gold.—London Medico-Chirurgical Review. GRIFFITH'S UNIVERSAL FORMULARY—Nearly Ready. THE UNIVERSAL FORMULARY: A SYNOPSIS OF THE PHARMACOPCEIAS, DISPENSATORIES AND FORMULARIES OF EUROPE AND AMERICA. WITH NUMEROUS MAGISTERIAL FORMULAS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. BY R. E. GRIFFITH, M.D., &c. &c., Author of "Medical Botany," &c. &c. In One Octavo Volume. This work is intended to emhrace all that is of practical importance in the numerous Pharmacopoeias, Form- ularies and Dispensatories of Europe and of this country, as well as such formulas as appeared deserving of not ce in the Medical Journals, Treatise* of Medicine. &c. &c. together with many others, derived trom pri- vate sources which have never been hitherto published. It will therefore include all that is really usetut i.. Redwood's Edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias, in Jourdan's Pharmacop<5e, and the several works of ElUs. Fee, Paris, Thomson, Beasley, Coltereau, Cooley, Bouchardat, &c. As, n, accordance v.. h Us title of a Universal Formulary, it will not be confined solely to medical formulas, the publishers hope that The numerous scientific receipts embraced, will render it of much practical importance to the Chemist and Manufacturer. It will contain UPWARDS OF SIX THOUSAND FORMULAS, alnhabeticallv arranged, with copious indexes, pointing out the diseases in which the preparations are to be used?&c &cfand thSs combining the advantages of all the different modes of arrangement and reference. NEW AND COMPLETE MEDICAL BOTANY—Lately Published. BH(DAIL 3BOTTA 'Y OR A DESCRIPTION OF ALL TIIE MORE IMPORTANT PLANTS USED IN MEDICINE, AND OR, A ^^J^ ^,R° pR0PBET1ESf USES AND MODES OF ADMINISTRATION. BY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D., &c. &c. In One lar-e Octavo Volume, handsomely printed, with nearly Three Hundred and Fifty Illustrations on Wood. c .u ,T„i„m,» i* wpII known to he particularly qualified for this undertaking, hy his botanical, The author c, the ^^^ s^^ 1^c7kn,;jw ^d^ and ^strikes us, on cursory examination, that it has as well as med,c?' a"° P".^ and faithfulness and that it will take its place at once as the standard work been prepared w hmuchcare anda^\m^ducl( ory chapIer is devoted to the anatomy and structure of on the subject in hi- e°unir>. in£ ""S ' roducts and the out ines of clarification. The officinal plants are plants, their cl«*'Vll.'0™£"V°'^ general systematic arrangement of De Can- Introduced under their se eral natural »™e"' w{£\™A\ey. The plants which are really important in tha dolle, are thrown into groups after the manner of Dr. "^V" orPpro,,uction. the others are more briefly Materia Medica "e described n fuU, as ^» »* l^»X*h to the botanical and medical authorities, will ^vell alUas^rSe inaS^rmhe ordinal sources of intbrmation.-Si^an, Journal. 12 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS._______________ A NEW DISPENSATORY, NOW READY. A DISPENSATORY, OR COMMENTARY ON THE PHARMACOPCEIAS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES: COMPRISING THE NATURAL HISTORY, DESCRIPTION, CHEMISTRY, PHARMACY, ACTIONS, USES AND DOSES OF THE ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. BY ROBERT CHRISTISON, M.D., V.P.R.S.E., PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF EDINBURGH, PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, ETC. Second Edition, Revised and Improved, WITH A SUPPLEMENT CONTAINING THE MOST IMPORTANT NEW REMEDIES. WITH COPIOUS ADDITIONS, AND TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTEEN LARGE WOOD ENGRAVINGS, BY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D., AUTHOR OF "A MEDICAL BOTANY," ETC. SPECIMEN OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS. Artemisia Absinthium, "Wormwood." In One very large and handsome Octavo Volume of over One Thousand closely printed Pages, with numerous Wood-cuts, beautifully printed, on fine white paper. Presenting an immense quantity of matter at an unusually low price. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 13 CHRISTISON AATD GRIFFITH'S DISPE5 S ATORY--Continued. The Dispensatory of Professors Wood & Bache has so long and so satisfactorily supplied the wants of the profession that the publishers, in presenting a new work of the same description, feel that it should possess additional attractions to entitle it to notice. The value of the original work °r- *u' CTnristis?n is wel1 known in England, where it has long occupied a position similar to that of the U. S. Dispensatory in this country. To this it is entitled by its clearness, conciseness, and completeness, and the care with which the author has kept it on a level with the improvements of medical science, by corrections, and embodying in it all the new articles of the materia medica, &c. In preparing it for the use of the profession in this country, Dr. Griffith has made very exten- sive additions, introducing all the processes of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, as well as a full medical, pharmaceutical and botanical history of all articles recognized by our national standard which have been omitted by the author. In addition to this, the editor has made free use of all European and American authorities on Materia Medica, among which may more particularly be mentioned Red- wood's Second Edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, just issued, which has supplied him with much useful information, and from which he has endeavored to convey all that appeared to him to possess especial interest—among other things, some very extended and useful tables, and accounts of various new remedial agents not as yet mentioned in the Pharmacopoeias of Great Bri- tain or of this country. In addition to this, over two hundred wood-cuts have been introduced, illustrative of articles of the Materia Medica, rendering this the only Dispensatory now before the profession presenting illustrations of the principal articles described therein. The attention of practitioners and students, as well as of all druggists and pharmaceutists, is especially invited to this work as one embodying in the smallest practicable space and at an exceed- ingly low price, an immense amount of indispensable information, and as presenting a complete view of the present practical state of the materia tnedicas of the four leading pharmacopoeias, clearly arranged and concisely expressed. From T. Romeyn Beck, M. D., Prof, of Mat. Med. in the Albany Medical College, and author of " Medical Jurisprudence." Albany, Sept. 8, 1948. " I received from you this morning a copy of the Second Edition of Christison's Dispensatory, edited by Griffith. I beg you to receive my thanks for this most acceptable present. "I have been a diligent reader of the first edition and know its value. 1 only regret that the Circular of our College has been published, or I would have placed it among my text-books. Next spring I will certainly do so if I live and hold the professorship." From W. T. Wilson, M. D., Prof, of Mat. Med. in the Washington University of Baltimore. Baltimore, Aug 31, 1848. "Allow me to thank you most sincerely and cordially for your kind present of a copy of Cliristison and Griffith's Dispensatory, just published by you. After a cursory glance at the volume, which I shall peruse more at leisure hereafter, I most heartily join in your opinion in regard to its great merits, containing, as it does, all the most modern discoveries and improvements in the materia medica and pharmacy, and rnndered still more acceptable to the American profession by its beautiful illustrations, the addition of Dr. Griffith, and the handsome style in which you have succeeded in bringing it out. I trust that your enterprise will be libe- rally responded to by those for whom the woik is chiefly intended." There is not in any language a more complete and perfect Treatise.—N. Y. Annalist, Sept., 1548. It is not needful that we should compare it with the other pharmacopoeias extant, which enjoy and merit the confidence of the profession: it is enough to say that it appears to us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present state of pharmaceutical science, could be made. If it omits any details pertaining to this branch of knowledge which the student has a right to expect in such a work, we confess the omission has escaped our We cordially recommend this work to such of our readers as are in need of a Dispensatory. They cannot make choice of a better.— The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery, September, 1848. In conclusion, we need scarcely say that we strongly recommend this work to all classes of our readers As a Dispensatory and commentary on the Pharmacopoeias, it is unrivalled in the English or any other lan- guage.— The Dublin Quarterly Journal. July 1848. • We earnestly recommend Dr. Christison's Dispensatory to all our readers, as an indispensable companion, not in the Study only, but in the Surgery also— British and Foreign Medical Review. . . It is exactly the work we would give to the student for daily reading, or to the practitioner for Tegular refer- ence Without bein" encumbered with unnecessary detail or research, it is sufficiently explicit m its litera- ture to render it an ample encyclopaedia of its subject; and at the same time, its practical informalion is so condensed and summary, yet without a sacrifice of even the least important fact, that to the student it cannot but be a lexi-book invaluable in its kind. . ,...-. Had we said less concerning this volume we should have been wanting in common duty ; but it is not ne- cessary that we should say more to convince our numerous readers that we consider Christison's Dispensa- tory to be the best English work extant upon the subject it embraces.—The Medical Times. June 1848. It comes not within our plan to enter into minute or detailed criticism of a work like the present. Its merits as a treatise on materia medica, chemical pharmacy, and pharmacology, we on a former occasion explained. It is sufficient to say that the reader will find the character given in that article most ably sustained by the Dre=ent edition. The natural and chemical history of the articles is given with great clearness and accuracy. The important subject of adulterations and sophistications is throughout treated in detail, rhe pharmacolo- gical instructions show very great practical experience and knowledge, which can be obtaned by experience alone And lasilv the therapeutic directions are expounded in a judicious manner, avoiding the extremes oi e-reat"confidence and unreasonable skepticism. In short, the work may be justly recommended as an excel- fem treat' se'onMateria Medica, Chemical Pharmacy, and Pharmacology .-The Edinburgh Medical and Sur- gical Journal, July 1843. B.IKTSjETT 0.V CERT.3I.VT1' J.V MEBICT.VE—.'Vbic Bcaily. AN INQUIRY INTO THE DEGREE" OF CERTAINTY IN mEDICINE, AND INTO THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF ITS POWER OVER DISEASE. BY I'JJSHA BARTX12TT, M. D., Author of "Fevers of the Uxiild States," "Philosophy of Medical Science." In One small Volume, crown Svo, extra cloth. ; i LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. FOWNKS' CHEMISTRY FOR STUDENTS. A NEW AND IMPROVED EDITION. ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY. THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL. BY GEORGE FOWNES, Ph. D., Chemical Lecturer in the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, &c. &c. With Numerous Illustrations. Second American Edition. Edited, with Additions, BY ROBERT BRIDGES, M. D., Professor of General and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, &c. &c. In one large duodecimo volume, sheep or extra cloth. Though this work has been so recently published, it has already been adopted as a text-book by many of the Medical Institutions throughout the country. As a work for the first class student, and as an introduction to the larger systems of Chemistry, such as Graham's, there has been but one opinion expressed concerning it, and it may now be considered as THE TEXT-BOOK FOR THE CHEMICAL STUDENT. An admirable exposition of the present state of chemical science, simply and clearly written, and display- ing a thorough practical knowledge of its details, as well as a profound acquaintance with its principles. The illustrations, and the whole geaing-up ofthe book, merit our highest praise.—British and Foreign Med. Rev. Remarkable fonts clearness, and the most concise and perspicuous work ofthe kind we have seen, admi- rably calculated 10 prepare the student for the more elaborate treatises —Pharmaceutical Journal. „-,, From JAMES REN WICK, Professor of Chemistry, Columbia College, New York. Ihe very best manual of Chemistry with which 1 am acquainted in the English language." New York, Feb. 12th, 1843. This work of Fownes, while not enlarging on the subject as much as Graham, is far more lucid and ex- panded than the usual small introductory works. Professors'recommending it to their classes may rely upon its being kept up to the day by frequent revisions. MANUALS ON THE BLOOD AND URINE: CONSISTING OF I. A PRACTICAL MANUAL, CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE GENERAL, CHE. MICAL AND MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF THE BLOOD AND SECRETIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY, AS WELL AS OF THEIR COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING BOTH THEIR HEALTHY AND DISEASED STATES: WITH THE BEST METHODS OF SEPARATING AND ESTIMATING THEIR INGREDIENTS. ALSO, A SUCCINCT ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS CONCRETIONS OCCASIONALLY FOUND IN THE BODY AND FORMING CALCULI. BY JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, M. D., F.L.S., &c. II. ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE BLOOD AND URINE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, AND ON THE TREATMENT OF URINARY DISEASES. BY G. OWEN REES, M. D., F.R.S., &c. &c. III. A GUIDE TO THE EXAMINATION OF THE URINE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE, FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS. BY ALFRED MARKWICK. The whole forming One large royal 12mo. Volume, of Four Hundred and Sixty Pages, With about one hundred figures on five plates. The three works embraced in the volume were published in London, separately, but the imme- diate connection ofthe subjects treated, and their increasing importance, have induced the Ameri- can publishers to embody them in a volume suitable for reference and preservation. Although addressed especially to students, it contains almost all the information upon these matters which the practitioner requires.—Dublin Medical Press. The chemical processes recommended are simple, yet scientific; and the work will be very useful to the medica] alumni tor whom it is intended.—Medical Times. Dr^nk^TATs^tcT"1^1^ '° haV6 aUained his object in Presenting a convenient bedside companion.- CHURCHILL ON FEMALES—Edition of 1847. THE DISEASETOF FEMALES, INCLUDING THOSE OF PREGNANCY AND CHILDBED. BY FLEETWOOD CHURCHILL, M.D., Author of "Theory and Practice of Midwifery," &c. &c. FOURTH AMERICAN, FROM THE SECOND LONDON EDITION, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. EDITED, WITH NOTES, BY ROBERT M. HUSTON, M.D., &c. &c. In One Volume, Octavo. „rJ ™P'!?fS;11'e of ,hree editions of this valuable work stamps it so emphatically with the approbation ofthe Profession of this country, that the publishers, in presenting a fourth, deem it merely necessary to observe, ?mn,e-.ery careHhfs,been taken> V,th<3 editor, to supply any deficiencies which may have existed in former impressions, and to bring the work fully up to the date of publication. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 15 New and Enlarged Edition, Brought up to 184*. WILLIAMS' PATHOLOGY. Now Ready. PRINCIPLES~OF MEDICINE, COMPRISING GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, AND A BRIEF GENERAL VIEW OF ETIOLOGY, NOSOLOGY, SEMEIOLOGY. DIAGNOSIS, PROGNOSIS, AND HYGIENICS. BY CHARLES J. B. WILLIAMS, M.D., F.R.S., Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, &c. EDITED, WITH ADDITIONS, BY MEREDITH CLYMER, M.D., Consulting Physician to the Philadelphia Hospital, &c. &c. Third American, from the Second and Enlarged London Edition. In One Volume Octavo. The delay which has prevented the appearance of this edition until the present time, has arisen from the extensive modifications and improvements introduced by the author, bringing the work fully up to a level with the present state of-knowledge on the numerous and important subjects of which he treats. These ad- ditions pervade almost every portion of the work, but they preponderate in the following subjects, in which we can mention— in Etiology, mechanical, chemical, and dietetic causes of diseases, defective cleanliness, ven- tilation and drainage. In Pathology, the tabular views ofthe elements of disease ; reflex action and sympa- thy ; elementary changes in the blood; congestion; determination of blood; inflammation, in its nature, manifold results, and modes of treatment; degeneration of textures; cacoplastic and aplastic deposits and their treatment, with a notice of the action of cod liver oil; and the whole chapter on Hygienics, comprising/bod; clothing, air and temperature; exercise; sleep; mental occupation and excretion. In addition to this, the editor bus introduced much new matter in the sections on Etiology, Diseases of the Constituents of thi: I>i,ood, Structural Diseases, Semeiology, Prognosis and Hygienics, and he has also added a section on the Siijns of Disease. It will be seen from this rapid summary, that the additions to this edition of Dr. Williams' Principles will fully maintain its' high reputation, and render it worthy a continuance of the favor which has caused its in- troduction as a text-book into so many colleges throughout the Union. It is entitled to claim the reader's best attention, and its perusal and study will be amply remunerative. It is a work calculated to elevate the character of medical science, from its correct and lucid exposition of the great principles of scientific investigation, and its plain, practical character, will recommend it to the student and practitioner of medicine and surgery.— Am. Medical Journal, July lfc4S. ROYLE'S NEW WORK. MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; INCLUDING THE PREPARATIONS OF THE PHARMACOPOEIAS OF LONDON, EDINBURGH, DUBLIN, AND OF THE UNITED STATES, WITII MANY NEW MEDICINES. BY J. FORBES ROYLE, M. D., F.R.S. Late of the Medical Staff in the Bengal Army, Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, King's College London, &c. &c. EDITED BY JOSEPH CARSON, M.D., Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, &c &c. WITH NINETY-EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS. In one large octavo volume of about 700 pages. Being one of the most beautiful Medical works published in this country. Thi= work is ably done-the botanical part with great skill, and the chemical, natural history, and thera neutic denartment, most perfect and complete.—Edinburgh Medical Journal. „,,.„,, PTrsisTno^er of that beautiful and cheap series of manuals published by Mr. Churchill. In the execution of the wood cuts, of plants, flowers and fruits, Mr. Bagg seems almost to have exceeded h.s former doings. The work is indeed a mos valuable one. It would be injustice to the learned author not to state that, in addi- Zon to what other workTon the subject necessarily contained, the reader will find here not a little that i. originator introduced for°he first time, more especially in the details of botany and natural history.-Br**!* and Foreign Medical Review. RAMSBOTHAM'S MIDWIFERY. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY, IN REFERENCE TO TIIE PROCESS OF PARTURITION. ILLUSTRATED BY One hundred and forttf-etg-ht Large Figures on 55 Lithographic Plates. •"'*""BY FRANCIS H. RAMSBOTHAM, M.D., &c. A NEW EDITION, FROM THE ENLARGED AND REVISED LONDON EDITION. In one large imperial octavo volume, well bound. _ t. ■« ,i,iw,i «f Midwifery for students ; clear, but not too minute in its details, and sound in its practical ins ructionT 1° s so completely illustrated by plates (admirably chosen and executed), that the student must hP stun dndeed who does not understand the detailsof this branch of the science, so far, at least, as descrip- tion Ximk Ihein intelligible—DuMin Journal of Medical Science. 16 LEA s »« "^ ,„.«„., in om mrilc.l chemical or mineralogical curiosities.___________________________ JONES ON THE EYE—Lately Published. THE PRINCIPLES~~AND PRACTICE OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY. BY T WHARTON JONES, F.R.S., &c. &c. WITH OSB I1TINDRKD AND TEX IiI.tJSTRATIOWS. Willi u. TED By ISAAC HAYS, M.D., &c. In one very neat volume, large royal 12mo, with Four Plates, plain or colored, and 9S well executed Woodcuts. 22 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. ILLUSTRATED SERIES OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS, NOW PUBLISHING BY LEA & BLANCHARD. This series comprises works of the highest character on the various branches of practical science In their illustration and mechanical execution they are prepared without regard to expense, and the publishers present them as equal, if not superior, to anything as yet executed. Kach volume is superintended by a competent editor, who makes such additions as the progress of science in this country may require and at the same time corrects such errors as may have escaped the press in London. The publishers therefore hope that these works may attract the approbation of the scientific public by their intrinsic value the cor- rectness of the text, the beautiful style in which they are produced, and the extremely lowrate at which thev are furnished. ' THE FIRST VOLUME IS PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS & METEOROLOGY BY J. MULLER, Professor of Physics at the University of Freiburg. WITH ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. ILLUSTRATED WITH NEARLY FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY ENGRAVINGS ON WOOD, AND TWO COL'D PLATES. In One large Octavo Volume. The Physics of Muller is a work superb, complete, unique: the greatest want known to English Science could not have been better supplied. The work is of surpassing interest. The value of this contribute n to me scientinc records of this country may be estimated by the fact that the cost of the original drawings and engravings alone has exceeded the sum of £2000.-Lancet. 6 The style in which the volume is published is in the highest degree creditahle to the enterprise of the pub- lishers. It contains nearly six hundred engravings executed in a style of extraordinary elegance We commend the book to general favor. Jtis the best of its kind we have ever seen.—N. Y Courier &■ Enquirer We can safely say, that, if the forthcoming works be of equal merit, and produced in similar style, the series will prove one of a very invaluable character, which cannot fail to be in universal request —North From Wm. H. Bartktt, Esq., Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, U. S. Military Academy, West Point. I deem this work a most valuable addition to the educational facilities ofthe country, and a rich source of information to the general reader, as it is truly an elegant specimen of typo- West Point, March 15th, 1848. THE SECOND VOLUME IS PRINCIPLES OF THE MECHANICS OF MACHINERY AND ENGINEERING. BY PROF. JULIUS WEISBACH. Edited by PROFESSOR W. R. JOHNSON, OF PHILADELPHIA. Volume I., now ready, containing about 500 pages, and five hundred and fifty wood-cuts. Volume II., completing the work, will be shortly ready, of about the same size and appearance. hrTrp™1 ^Mle co"tri*,u,i°n »° practical science that has yet appeared in this country. The work em- p»pH trP»?in ,P„Vffi .sutf.c s Rf/^'cs and Dynamics, but also Hydrostatics, Hydraulics and Pneumatics- ™iLm«£. l»n i dftai1 f°T every Pineal purpose, and no demonstration calling in the aid of higher mns^fmion?,h.Hin mem,arygeretryand a,^bra. The work is beautifully got up as to letterpresslnd illustrations, the diagrams being the most picturesque that we have seen.-iWon. Athenceum. From Professor Elias Loomis of the New York University. I have examined Weisbach's Mechanics and Engineering with considerable attention, and I am much pleased with it. It is a work prepared with great care and judgment. The Prin- ciples of Mechanics are stated in a form which is clear, concise, and easily understood; they are reduced to precise rules or formulas, and are abundantly illustrated with numerical examples. The diagrams are numerous, neat, and well calculated to convey clear ideas.— lhe portion treating of the dynamics of fluid bodies is particularly rich, and the results both of theory and experiment are given in a brief and perspicuous form. The entire treatise is intelligible to one who is only familiar with the lower mathematics, and it must become a standard work with mechanics and engineers. New York, May 6th, 1848. From Henry Vethake, Esq., Professor of Mathematics in the University of Pennsylvania. I have examined, with some care, the first volume of " Weisbach's Principles of the Me- chanics of Machinery and Engineering," and I have been not a little gratified in doing so. It is the most comprehensive, accurate, and best executed work, on the subject of which it treats with which I am acquainted in the English language; and the labors of the American editor have considerably enhanced its original value. Let me say, too, that by presenting it, as well as the other volumes ofthe series of which it is a part, to the American public, you will, in my opinion, contribute largely to raise the standard of scholarship in our country, especially in respect to the applications of science to the mechanical an chemical arts. Philadelphia, May 26th, 1848. LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. 23 Illustrated Series of Scientific Works—Continued. THE THIRD VOLUME IS TECHNOLOGY; OR, CHEMISTRY AS APPLIED TO THE ARTS AND TO MANUFACTURES. BY F. KNAPP. TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY DR. EDMUND RONALDS, AND DR. THOMAS RICHARDSON, [Lecturer on Chemistry at the Middlesex Hospital.] [Of Newcastle.] Revised, with American Additions, by PROFESSOR WALTER R. JOHNSON, OF PHILADELPHIA. WITH NUMEROUS BEAUTIFUL WOOD-CUTS. Volume I., now ready, containing about 500 pages, and 214 beautiful wood engravings. Vol. II., preparing, of a similar size and appearance. This volume contains complete monographs on the subjects of Combustion and Heating, Illumination and Lighting, Manufactures from Sulphur, Manufacture of Common Salt, Soda, Alkalimetry, Boracic Acid Ma- nufacture, Saltpetre Manufacture, Gunpowder Manufacture, Nitric Acid Manufacture, and Manufacture of Soap, together with an appendix containing various miscellaneous improvements concerning the foregoing subjects. The object of this work is purely practical, presenting in each topic, a clear and condensed view ofthe present state of the manufacture, with all the improvements suggesied by the discoveries of science ; the whole illustrated with numerous large and well executed engravings of apparatus, machinery, processes, &c. &c. One ofthe best works of modern times—N. Y. Commercial, June 1848. The original treatise is one of great value; it has been carefully translated by gentlemen1 themselves well versed in the processes it describes, and consequently familiar with their technical language—and it has received from them numerous important additions in which are described the most recent improvements in the various chem ical arts as practised in this country.— Medico-Chirurgical Review. When we saythat this volume begins another of the superb "Library of Illustrated Books," republished from the London series by Lea& Blanchard, of which Muller's Physics and Meteorology, and Weisbachjs Mechanics and Engineering, (the first volume ofthe latter) have already appeared ; that the present work is on a subject coming home to the business and bosoms, because to the economic interests of Americans ; that its American editor is Prof. Walter R. Johnson, who has enriched it with numerous valuable additions, the results of his own industrious researches in the technological sciences ; and that it is illustrated and printed in the same superb style which marked the previous works :—we have sufficiently explained to our readers the value of a work which will not need any other commendation.—North American, June 1848. To be followed by works on PHARMACY, CHEMISTRY, ASTRONOMY, HEAT, HYDRAU- LICS, METALLURGY, PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY, RURAL ECONOMY, &c. &c. Specimens may be had on application to the Publishers. BIRD'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. NOW READY. ELEMENTS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, BEING AN EXPERIMENTAL INTRODUCTION TO TIIE PHYSICAL SCIENCES. ILLUSTRATED WITH NEARLY FOUR HUNDRED WOOD-CUTS. BY GOLDING BIRD, M.D., Assistant Physician to Guv's Hospital. FROM THE THIRD LONDON EDITION. IN ONE NEAT DUODECIMO VOLUME. Containing about 400 pages and 372 Wood-cuts. This work is confidently presented to students in Natural Philosophy as a text-book, uniting advantages BcarceWnossessed 1by any other. By the use of clear small type, a very large amount of matter has been Bcarccly P°.ss.^e° ^.^"V inffl£ low prjced duodecimo volume, embracing in a concise but intelligible maXrX eCents o?a that fnownYn the subjects of Statics, Dynamic. Hydrostatics, Pneurnostatics, manner tne e emems. oi »i M Electricity, Voltaism, Electro-dynamics, Thermo-electricity, Gal- y^TW&t*LA$£^Li£*,™* *^and °Pl'caI Apparatus, Thermotics, and Photography. « This book is written in *£**%£*«**, tf^Z^£l^y7X^%£Z S ed to the comprehens.ono the^^"^^.V^rCfd the study of more complete treatises : and it must pove highly atcepabTe and vaSe toall who seek acquaintance with Natural Philosophy, but have not SK. the inclination to devote much time to ^mathe^atic^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ y New York, May 6th, 1848._____________ Now Ready—ILLUSTRATED DON QUIXOTE. DON QUIXOTE DE LA MANCHA. TRANSLATED BY JARVIS. WITH COPIOUS NOTES AND A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR AND HIS WORKS, ABRIDGED FROM VIARDOT BY THE EDITOR. With Numerous Illustrations after Tony Johannot. In Two handsome Crown Octavo Volumes, extra crimson cloth, half calf or morocco. 24 LEA & BLANCHARD'S PUBLICATIONS. CAMPBELL'S LORD CHANCELLORS. Now Complete in Seven Volumes. LIVES OF THE LORD CHANCELLORS AND KEEPERS OF THE GREAT SEAL OF ENGLAND, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE REIGN OF KING GEORGE IV, BY JOHN LORD CAMPBELL, A. M., F. R. S. E. Now complete in seven handsome crown octavo volumes, extra cloth. Of the solid merit of the work our judgment may be gathered from what has already been said. We will add, that from its infinite fund of anecdote, and happy variety of style, the book addresses itself with equal claims to the mere general reader, as to the legal or historical inquirer; and while we avoid the stereotyped commonplace of affirming that no library can be complete without it, we feel constrained to afford it a higher tribute by pronouncing it entitled to a distinguished place on the shelves of every scholar who is fortunate enough to possess it.—Frazer's Magazine, April 1843. A work which will take its place in our libraries as one ofthe most brilliant and valuable contributions to the literature ofthe present day.—Athenceum, Dec. 1847. FB.AEICE UNDER LOUIS PHILIPPE—Wow Ready. THE HISTORY OF TEN YEARS, 1830—1840: OR, FRANCE UNDER LOUIS PHILIPPE. BY LOUIS BLANC, Secretary to the Provisional Government of 1848. Translated by WALTER K. KELLY. In two handsome crown octavo volumes, extra cloth, or six parts, paper, at fifty cents. A History ofthe Revolution of 1830, and of the first ten years of Louis Philippe's reign, by a man who hai borne so prominent a part in the late events in Paris, cannot fail to possess striking interest at the present moment. This is a remarkable work. The ten years, 1830-1840, were troubled, stirring and important times to every European nation—to none so much as France. * * * 'L'Histoire de Dix Ans' is one of those works so often libelled by being called as interesting as a novel. It is a narrative of events, real, striking, absorbing— the subjects of immense interest to all readers—the style unusually excellent.—Foreign Quarterly Review. HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789, BY LOUIS BLANC, Author of " France under Louis Philippe," &c. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH. In one volume, crown octavo. STEIWMETZ'S HISTORY OF THE JESUITS.—Now Ready. HISTORY 0F~THE JESUITS. 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During the long period in which it has been issuing from the press, it has assumed the character of a standard work, and as occupying ground hitherto untouched; as embodying numerous historical facts heretofore unnoticed, and as containing vivid sketches of the characters and manners of the times, with anecdotes, documents, &c. &c, it presents numerous claims on the attention of both the student of history and the desultory reader. Those who have been awaiting its completion can now obtain it, forming a handsome set, twelve volumes in six, in various styles of binding. CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES. Volume VT— Elizabeth. Volume VII—Elizabeth (concluded) and Anne of Den- mark. These make Vol. III. ofthe New Edition. Volume I—Matilda of Flanders. Matilda of Scotland. Adelicia of Louvaine, Matilda of Boulogne, and Eleanora of Aquilaine. Volume II.—Berengaria of Navarre, Isabella of An- gouleme. 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Each Number contains about Two Hundred and Eighty Large Octavo Pages. And is appropriately Illustrated with Engravings on Copper, Stone, Wood, &c. THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRAKY, Is Published Monthly, and consists of THIRTY-TWO VERY LARGE OCTAVO PAGES, Containing the Medical Information of the day, as well as a Treatise of high character on a prominent department of Medicine. WATSON'S LECTURES ON THE PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY, AND TODD & BOWMAN'S PHYSIOLOGY Have thus appeared in it, and the work at present publishing is WEST ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. TERMS. THE SUBSCRIPTION TO THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, IS FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. When this amount is forwarded by the first of February, free of postage, it is considered in ad- vance, and the subscriber thereby becomes entitled to the MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY FOR ONE YEAR, Without further charge. 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In calling the attention of the profession to the high character of the American Medical Journal, the publishers append an extract from the report of " The Committee on American Medical Literature," to the National Medical Association at their meeting in Baltimore, May, 1848. After adverting to other matters, they say:— "The 'Philadelphia Journal,' which has been \ Pepper, Hall, Dexter, Jarvis, Beck/Wharton, already mentioned, was succeeded by the l Ame- Lovett, Nott, Moreton Stille, Boling, Tabb, rican Journal of the Medical Sciences,1 esta- Taylor, Porter, Tuck, J. B. S. Jackson, Pee- blishedin 1827, and still continued, having reach- bles, Kneeland, Gardner, Buckler, Mendenhall, ed its forty-first volume. The long standing of Lane, and R. S. Holmes. On Midwifery, and this publication, the support which it has received I the Diseases of Women and Children, among from many of the best writers in different parts the principal contributors of original papers of the country, and the elevated literary charac- S have been Drs. Dewees, Horner, Bigelow, ter and spirit which have distinguished it, have Hodge, Gerhard, Geddings, Lindsay, E. War- rendered it a favourite organ of the profession, ren, Roberts, Lee, Kane, Shanks, Taylor, So much of what is valuable in our periodical \ Bowen, Buel, Barwell, Bond, Sargent, Sims, literature, during the long protracted period of and Baldwin. Many other names might be its existence, has found a place in its pages, that \ added to these lists, which, however, are suffi- it would be going beyond the limits of this re- j cient evidence that the journal has been wil- port to attempt an analysis of its contents. Here < lingly and heartily upheld by the profession." have been recorded many of those daring opera-1 After enumerating the other Medical Journals tions which are dwelt upon with so much pride published in the United States, the report con- by the American surgeon. Numberless cases tinues :■—■ of unusual interest have been here related by s " The committee will now proceed to a brief their observers, often accompanied by illustra- enumeration of the more important articles, tions, for the most part creditable to the art ] which have, within the past year, or at least which has furnished them. Many of the re-j recently, been presented to the profession in the views which it contains are conceived and exe- \ medical journals of this country, taking them cuted in a higher spirit than the mere mechanical \ up in the order in which they have been enu- analyses and Taliacotian abstracts which sofre- merated. quently usurp this department of scientific as? " American Journal ofthe Medical Sciences. well as literary journals. This periodical is so —The number for January, 1847, contains one well known through the country, and a com- of Dr. Norris's admirable resumes, a 'Table plete series of it so generally contained in public showing the mortality following the operation libraries, that a general index to it from the of tying the iliac arteries.' It is founded upon commencement would be one of the most ac- \ a hundred and eighteen cases gathered from ceptable offerings which could be made to the various sources, which are presented in a con- medical reader. densed form and subjected to a careful analysis. " The committee had prepared an account of The committee have already fully expressed the most prominent articles under their several j their sense of the importance of Dr. Norris's heads, but it proves to be too voluminous for a labours. The paper which follows, by Dr. report like the present. The names of some of Trask of Brooklyn, N. Y., is worthy of suc- its contributors will be enough to show how j ceeding that just mentioned. Four very full extensively it has been supported by the ablest \ tables containing the history of fifty-three cases writers and practitioners of the country. In of phlegmasia dolens are given in this essay, Anatomy and Physiology, original papers have the final object of which is to establish the pa- been furnished by Drs. Horner, Moultrie, Coxe, thology of the affection. Articles like the two Mussey, Warren, Earle, Smith, Alison, Harri- just cited, are necessarily of permanent value. son, Gardner, Leidy and others. In Surgery, They cannot be superseded, because they have Drs. Godman, Mussey, Randolph, H. & J. M. a solid basis of fact, and even if some of their Warren, Coates, Mott, Norris, Kirkbride, Ged- \ conclusions were erroneous, the materials would dings, Nott, Shipman, Markoe, Parrish, Met- \ remain as the basis of future results. The in- tauer, Mutter, Horner, Pancoast, Watson, creased number of these "laborious analytical Atlee, Hay ward, are among those who have surveys is one of the most encouraging features lent their assistance, some of the best known of our medical literature. In the midst of in- among them in many elaborate articles. In the terminable discussions upon the value of the department of Practical Medicine, a great num- numerical system, the simple fact that tabula- ber of original Reports and Essays have been \ tion affords a final result respecting a given supplied by Drs. Chapman, S. Jackson, Emer- j number of facts, which mere perusal fails to do, son, Coxe, Horner, Hay ward, Ware, Wright, is making itself felt like every truth which has Jackson (of Northumberland), Parrish, Pen- time and fair play. The next article is one by nock, Gerhard, Fisher, Nichols, E. Warren, Dr. Kirkbride on Hospitals for the Insane, and Paine, Bigelow, Webber, Lindsay, Forrey, the fourth a brief account by Dr. Wilcocks, of Beck, Flint, Coale, Earle, Stewardson, Kirk- the epidemic remittent and intermittent of 1846. bride, Shanks, Parry, Mettauer, Whitney, \ Then follow four cases of acute affection of the THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 31 Bpinal marrow, with dissections, by Dr. J. B. S. \ have preferred the easier plan of ministering to Jackson of Boston, marked by hi3 accustomed j this altered condition by the ingenious and stu- accuracy of description. Several other cases ^ pendous system of modern therapeutics.' He are reported in this number, which contains two i appears to believe, and as the Committee«think, reviews of some interest, and the usual variety i very justly, that much indirect benefit may re- in its minor departments. suit even from the experiments of the hydro- " The first article in the number for April 1847, < pathist and homoeopathist, notwithstanding the is one of great practical interest. It is the ' His- tory of seven cases of Pseudo-membranous Laryn- gitis or True Croup,'' by Dr. J. F. Meigs. The fact that recovery took place, in four cases where ; there was fibrinous exudation on the fauces, en- titles the history of these cases to the most care- illusions and impositions that surround the foun- tain of the Silesian boor and the laboratory of the Saxon necromancer. The interest of Dr. Brown's account of his visit to the Cretins, in the institution on the Abendberg, is owing not merely to the novelty of the subject, which is ful examination, and affords a strong presumption just beginning to attract the attention of philan- in favour ofthe general plan of treatment adopted, thropists, but to the agreeable style of the nar- It is well known that long series of similar rative. In a country which has done as much cases have been observed, every one of which as our own for the insane, the blind and the has proved fatal, and that the whole question of deaf and dumb, it cannot be long before the treatment is considered as involved in perplexity by many able observers. The paper which fol- lows, by Dr. Baldwin, Observations on the Poi- sonous Properties of the Sulphate of Quinine, has been most extensively quoted, and has called out various other communications confirming the results at which he has arrived. In the ma- larious regions of our country, where the '' mon- ster doses" of this heroic remedy are so com- monly given, it is of vital importance that all the risks they involve should be generally known. Then follow various reports of medical and sur- improvement ofthe condition of the unfortunate idiot will be felt to be a public duty. Dr. Met- tauer, whose name is familiar to the records of operating surgery, reports two cases of vesico- vaginal fistula, with the operations for their relief, one of which was perfectly successful, and the other, though repeated again and again, was but partially so. But this, as Dr. Mettauer thinks, was owing to the patient's amiable in- discretions, and he is decidedly of opinion that every case of vesico-vaginal fistula can be cured. Dr. Harris relates a case of doubtful sex, in gical diseases, among which Dr. Earle's eleven connection with which the editor quotes that cases of general paralysis of the insane cannot described by Dr. Barry, in the New York fail to be noticed for their psychological and Journal of Medicine for January, 1847. Dr. pathological bearings, as well as the happy way; Boling's new sign of pneumonia of the apex of in which they are related. A practical essay by \ the lungs, needs confirmation by other observers. Dr. Hildreth, on letting blood from the jugular \ The Committee can affirm, at least, that it is in diseases of children concludes the list of not constant. It was extraordinary if, as Dr. original communications. "The July number opens with another sta- tistical article from Dr. Norris, on the operation : Boling asserts, the chest remained still resonant '• on percussion over the apex of the lung in a : state of hepatization. This number contains a ers our periodicals have ever enlisted in their service. It may be hinted, that one epithet, however judicious, must not be repeated too often; the accomplished reviewer remembers Gyas and Cloanthus. " The number for October, 1847, has for its of tying the carotids, of the same high character long notice of Dr. Wood's Practice of Medicine, with those .which he has furnished in previously one of the most searching and skilful review- numbers. The next paper is one by Dr. Hal- lowell, on cholera infantum, which he calls by the singular name of gastro-follicular enteritis; which would seem to imply inflammation of the intestines seated in the follicles of the stomach. The essay is an instructive one, based on con- siderable experience and supported by two leading article a continuation of Dr. Metcalf s reported cases with a tabular analysis of twelve Statistics in Midwifery, containing the results post-mortem examinations. A 'Note on the. of 927 cases observed in private practice. It is frequency of the pulse and respiration of the a most creditable production to the author and a«ed ' by Dr. Pennock, adds authority to the the friends by whom he was aided, and may curious results obtained by Leuret and Mitivie, \serve as an encouragement and a model to other who found the average frequency of the pulse practitioners situated at a distance from the more in voung men to be 65 per minute, while that of active centres of scientific industry. Dr. Michel's the aged was 73; a statement in direct opposition to the prevailing belief on this point. ' Hydro- pathy, or the use of cold water for the Prevention and Cure of Disease,' by Dr. Kneeland, is the title of a Boylston prize essay, here published without any allusion to its laureate honours. The key to the author's position is found in the following sentence: 'Instead of leading man history of an early ovum is not without interest, though its illustration is less exquisite than the ' Icones' of Wagner, and the style is wanting in the simplicity which should belong to an anatomical description. Dr. Harden's Essay on Isopathia. agrees with the general belief in maintaining the similarity of scrofula and phthi- sis, but will hardly be thought to have esta- back to The forsaken paths of nature, physicians \ blished the doctrine, that Bright's disease is 32 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. isopathic with these affections. Why molluscum j all officers in the public service would discharge should come under the same head is hard to ex- their professional debt as faithfully. Some of plain. In the days of isomerism and isomorphism, J the author's expressions would seem to imply it is natural enough for a medical observer to be that proteine exists only in vegetables, which pleased with the thought of introducing some cannot surely have been what he intended to such parallelism of elements into medicine, but j assert. Dr. Blake's paper appears to be founded it maybe questioned, how much is gained by on the same experiments which this ingenious the somewhat promiscuous erudition and finely physiologist reported some years ago to the drawn propositions of this elaborate essay, be-1 British Association, and which have already yond a harmonious name for a well known taken their place in physiological science. The principle. Dr. Kelley of Mobile, has given an j indefatigable Dr. Earle gives a brief analysis of account of yellow fever as this disease has pre- five hundred and ninety-four cases of delirium sented itself to his own notice, written in clear tremens admitted into the Bloomingdale Asylum. and simple language, and keeping more closely Then follow several reports of interesting sur- than many writers on this subject have done to gical cases; under the name of ' Monograph' the strict results of observation. Some remark- we have next ' A Statistical Inquiry into the able surgical cases and operations, a case of in- Causes, Symptoms, Pathology, and Treatment cision of the os uteri during labour on account of Rupture of the Uterus,' by Dr. Trask, of of its partial occlusion, some researches on the Brooklyn, whose labours have been already structure and functions of the ciliary processes, mentioned with commendation. and the case of the murderer Freeman, with a j " The first paper in the April number is an long review of some of the Boa Vista fever j account, by Dr. J. M. Warren, of Operations for documents, finish the list of original articles. In j Fissure of the Soft and Hard Palate, with the this number, October 1847, appears a new and result of twenty-four cases, at the close of which distinct head of medical intelligence, entitled is an important additional note upon the early ether inhalation as a means of annulling pain, operation for hare-lip. Dr. Warren proposed, It is remarkable, that as so much patient de- some years ago, and has often executed, a new liberation was shown in preparing the abstract operation, which is fully described in this paper of what was before the public, on this subject, and the annexed cases. Dr. Peeble's ' Result an article like that of Dr. Pickford should be j of cases of Pneumonia, treated chiefly by Tartar admitted, but more remarkable still, that any j Emetic,' may be well calculated to excite at- sensible reader should have been frightened out tention to the possible ill effects of that remedy, of receiving the last great gift of Mercy, by the but is deficient in the diagnostic elements of its assertions of such a writer, as would appear to cases. The third patient, for instance, may have happened in at least one instance. have suffered, for all that appears, from phthisis "In the number for January 1848, the leading with ulceration of the bowels. It does not ap- article is Dr. Leidy's paper on the Comparative pear from the record that the previous good Structure of the Liver. This is unquestionably health had persisted unchanged up to the period the most exact and complete Essay in the de- ofthe acute attack. Cases of successful vaginal partment of microscopic anatomy which has hysterotomy and delivery by the forceps; of appeared in any American Medical Journal, traumatic trismus successfully treated; of a fatal The patient accuracy of the measurements, the gun-shot wound of the neck; of ligature of both finish and clearness of the numerous illustrations carotids ; of the extirpation of a tumour of the are nothing more than would have been antici- uterus, simulating ovarian disease ; of cancer of pated by those who know the zeal and talent of the stomach, and of melanosis, are reported in this exquisite dissector and delineator. The this number—certainly a very remarkable col- article which follows, by Dr. Frick, is one of lection of important medical and surgical histo- the first attempts at the investigation ofthe che- ries, and implying an ample supply of materials mical changes of the blood induced by disease, to allow of such selections. Add to this Dr. made in this country. Most of the conclusions Parson's « Statistics of Large Surgical Opera- arrived at by the laborious observations which tions,' the Midwifery Statistics from private served as its basis, coincide with those of pre- practice, by Dr. Pleasants, and the continuation vious observers. One peculiar and novel result of Dr. Trask's paper on Rupture of the Uterus, arrived at by Dr. Frick is, that the quantity of probably the most complete account of that ac- the chlorides and phosphates of soda and potash cident to be found in print, and it must be owned is dependent, not upon the particular disease, that the patriarchal quarterly has not fallen be- but upon the season of the year in which the j low its own high standard of merit, at the point examination is made, being much higher in j where the Committee takes leave of it for the winter and spring than in summer and fall. Dr. j present."* Foltz deserves credit for printing his valuable * These extracts are from copies of the Report to Report on Scorbutus. It could be wished that j HoK^B^toll? Chairman of that CoramiUee> Dr- For a more particular description ofthe Journal and News, with numerous notices ofthe press, &c, see Supplement to the Medical News and Library for,Dec. 1847 ■ ■ ■' ■ .«*«iM*MmHH> •»•«— *^-w»»»»-»w^^ SwK3RI5(!SS2mI*1 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLI1 D327M53M 3 NLM032745343