m ^ 1. ■ ^vSe, . .';;•1?X.•X3SK:",,' -v^T ■.'-'"'i'rX'"".'. ..X" MUCH IMPROVED AND EXTENDED. MEDICAL FORMULARY: BEING A COLLECTION OF PRESCRIPTIONS, DERIVED FROM THE WRITINGS AND PRACTICE OF MANY OF THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE USUAL DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS. THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF PHARMACEUTIC AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M. D. LATE PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY. " Morbos autem, non eloquentia sed remediis curari."—Ctls. De Med. Lib. I. EIGHTH EDITION, WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONS. BY SAMUEL GEORGE MORTON, M. D. PHILADELPHIA: LEA & B LAN CHARD. i, i a.* •••;•• y i ! •■IIR-C-ON Gt .r m 'S f'rf iCE ! !)„.. 11 I'M I"\g or) / E47v>! I84& Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred and forty-six, by LEA & BLANC HARD, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Penn- sylvania. (!kk.i:s &, Co., Printkk- N. CHAPMAN, M. D. PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND CLINICAL PRACTICE, IN THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC., ETC, WHOSE TALENTS AND URBANITY FIAVE RAISED HIM TO THE FIRST RANK IN THE PROFESSION, AND HAVE ACQUIRED FOP. HIM THE CONFIDENCE AND KSTEEM OF A LARGE AND ENLIGHTENED COMMUNITY, THIS WORK IS VERY RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED IHr HIS OBLIGED FRIEND, THE AUTHOR. CONTENTS. Page Editor's Advertisement, ----- vii Preface of the Author, - ix Tabular View of the Doses of the Principal Articles of the Materia Medica, ..... xxj Class I. Emetics ..... 41 II. Cathartics ...... 47 Enemata ----- 04 III. Diuretics ------ 67 IV. Antilithics ..... 77 V. Diaphoretics ----- 80 VI. Expectorants .... - 91 Inhalation - - - - - 104 VII. Emmenagogues - - - - 168 VIII. Anthelmintics - - - - - 115 IX. Epispastics - - - - - 121 Rubefacients - - - - - 123 Bath, Fomentations, tf-c. • - - 138 Caustics, or Escharotics - - - 141 Mineral Acids - - - - 142 Moxa - - - - - 144 Stimulating Ointments, 8fC. - - 144 Issues and Setons - - • - 146 Bougies - - - . - 148 X. Stimulants - - - - - - 150 XI. Narcotics - - - - - 158 XII. Antispasmodics - - - - - 171 XIII. Sialagogues ----- 17G VI CONTENTS. Page XIV. Tonics - - . - 184 Alteratives - - - - - 201 213 \\. Astringents - - - - Injections - Gargles, eye, .... 226 XVI. Absorbents or Antacids, - 234 Appendix, No. I. Dietetics - 239 II. Poisons ----- 249 III. Endermic Medicine, &c. - - 259 Index - - - - - - - 261 THE EDITOR'S ADVERTISEMENT TO THE EIGHTH EDITION. In preparing the Medical Formulary for an eighth edition, many new and important additions have been made to it, derived from recent discoveries in chemistry, and from the observation and experience of professional men in various parts of the world. Every section of the work has been scrupulously examined and ex- tended, and the nomenclature revised in accordance with that of the United States Dispensatory. Obso- lete formulae have been replaced by newer and more approved combinations; and a Posological Table has been appended, not only for the obvious purpose of stating the doses of medicines in their simple or un- mixed form, but also to introduce some others for which prescriptions were thought unnecessary. In fact, no pains have been spared, to impart to this work the comprehensiveness and accuracy which are due to the nature of the undertaking, and the importance of the subject. S. G, Morton. Philadelphia, August, lMii. PEEEACE. The elegant and judicious formation of prescriptions is one of the difficulties which the young practitioner in medicine is obliged to encounter. While a student, he is compelled from the circumstances under which he is placed, to confine his attention to the leading principles of the science. Consequently the minor points, (and the art of directing medicines is consi- dered one of them,) are postponed to that period when he shall have undertaken the practical duties of his profession. To obviate, in some measure, the inconvenience which the graduate at first experiences, the volume now offered to the public was undertaken and executed. It contains, in a condensed form, and we think ad- vantageously arranged, many of the most important prescriptions employed in modern practice, and which, though most of them may be already recorded, are scattered through various medical works. The arrangement framed by Professor Chapman for his Therapeutics, appearing to combine greater ad- vantages than any other, we have taken the liberty of adopting it as the basis of this Formulary. X PREFACE. Each class has been subdivided into Powders, Pills, and Liquids; without any attempt to preserve the dif- ferent preparations of the same article together, but only with a view to convenience. A few concise rules will be found prefixed to each class, and observations have been attached to those prescriptions which possess peculiarities either in their composition or effects. The application of the remedies to diseases has been generally left to the judgment of the practitioner, and Therapeutical detail as much as possible avoided, as it would have been inconsistent with the nature and design of the work. The object is to furnish models for extemporaneous formulae, the proportions of which may be either in- creased or diminished, according to the age, sex, con- stitution or idiosyncracy of the patient, all of which are to be taken into consideration when a prescription is directed, as well as the climate and peculiar epide- mic which may be prevailing. The prescriptions have been couched in the Latin language, and the names of the several articles will be found regularly terminated. The design was to fur- nish something like a Medical Grammar, to those un- acquainted with the deid language; and even those versed in the classics, may occasionally find words used in prescriptions which are new to them. A class of Dietetic preparations has been placed in the Appendix, No. I. They are written in the Enc. iisli language, and it is hoped that they may be found PREFACE. XI useful in furnishing directions necessary to be given to the nurse. In the Appendix, No. II. we have arranged those Poisons which are usually taken by accident or design, with their appropriate antidotes and some practical observations. Appendix No. III. contains some concise remarks on the mode of using remedies on the "Endermic plan," as well as the quantities employed, and the effects pro- duced by several of the most potent remedial agents. The materials for the work have been collected from various sources, the writings of different authors, pe- riodical journals, manuscripts and the contributions of our friends. It is hoped, therefore, that the dif- ficulties which have attended its progress will form some apology for the errors which it may possibly be found to contain. As a reason for not more frequently attaching the names of authors to the prescriptions, it may be observed, that they are a kind of common medical property which every physician feels himself privileged not only to employ, but modify as may best correspond with his own views. It is, therefore, diffi- cult to say to whom many of them belong; they have been touched, and retouched, till they have lost their identity. In conclusion, we beg leave to present our acknow- ledgments to some of our friends for the encouragement they have given to the undertaking. To Dr. Chap- man we are particularly indebted for the kindness and Xii PREFACE. interest he has manifested in its publication, and offer to him, (the only return we can make,) our warmest thanks. It is with particular pleasure we embrace this opportunity of expressing our obligations to our friend Dr. S. G. Morton, whose intimate acquaintance wilh the subject, and classical knowledge, are only equalled by the kindness and industry he has displayed in facilitating the work. There are others whose names it would gratify us to mention, but who, we know, will be more pleased by our silence. The countenance they gave us on the present occasion has only increased the debt previously incurred. B. E. INTRODUCTION. Before entering upon the main object of this work. it is necessary to notice a few circumstances which pertain more especially to Pharmaceutic Chemistry. yet appear to be called for in this place; and though they are familiar to every educated physician, may be useful to the student who has not yet turned his atten- tion to prescriptions. In the first place it is requisite to be well acquainted with the signs of quantity, or those symbolic charac- ters which are used in writing prescriptions. In the ancient practice of medicine there were very many of these symbols, not only for the purpose of denoting the quantity of the ingredient, but the ingredient itself. Most of these, however, have become obsolete; and a few only are retained as indispensable to the conve- nience of the practitioner. These will be found in the following Table, which is adopted in the Pharmaco- poeias for the regulation of weights. English Name. I Latin Name. Symbol. Contains. A pound, Libra, An ounce, Uncia, A drachm, Drachma, A scruple, Scrupulus, ft, i 12 ounces. 3, 8 drachms. 5," 3 scruples. 9, 20 grains. In the manipulation of liquid substances, measttres have in most countries superseded the use of weights: B XIV INTRODUCTION. the Table of measures recommended by the London College, gives particular names and symbols to the parts forming a gallon, in order to prevent their being confounded with those denoting weights; as in the fol- lowing Table:-— English Name. Latin Name. Symbol. Contains. A gallon, A pint, A fluidounce, A fluidrachm, Congius, Octarius, Fluiduncia, Fluidrachma, none, o, 8 pints. 16 flnidounces. 8 fluidrachms. 60 minims. The minims used in the table, have been adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia in place of drops; and although we have not: employed this measure in our prescriptions, yet we can readily perceive it to possess some important advantages over the ancient practice. The symbol (in.,) is sometimes used by medical writers, though very improperly, to denote both minims and drops.*- The size of a drop varies according to the greater or less fluidity and gravity of the liquid, and the shape of the vessel from which it is dropped ; but as a general rule, we cannot do better on these occa- sions than use a small, phial with a thin edge Dr. Dorsey observes, that whenever great precision is necessary, it is easy to dilute the active medicine, and give it in form of a mixture. If sixty grains be diffused in six ounces of water, for instance, each half ounce will contain five. Mr. Durand of this city, has made careful experi- ments to ascertain the number of drops of different * Ten minims of any fluid, if measured by the graduated minim measure are equal to about fifteen drops. INTRODUCTION. XV liquids equivalent to a fluid drachm, and his results, which are of practical importance, are given in the fol- lowing table: drops. Acid acetic, (crystallizable,) .... 120 Acid hydrocyanic, (medicinal,) ... 45 Acid muriatic, . . ... 54 Acid nitric, ..... 84 Acid nitric diluted, (1 to 7,) . . . 51 Acid sulphuric, ..... 90 Acid sulphuric aromatic, . . . .120 Acid sulphuric diluted, (1 to 7,) . . . 54 Alcohol, rectified spirit, . . . . 138 Alcohol diluted, proof spirit, . . . 120 Arsenite of potassa, solution of, ... 57 Ether sulphuric, ..... 150 Oil of anniseed, of cinnamon, of cloves, of peppermint, ) of sweet almonds, of olives, . . . . ) Tincture of assafcetida, of foxglove, of guaiac, of opium, 120 Tincture of muriate of iron, . . . 132 Vinegar distilled, . . . . .78 Vinegar of colchicum, ... 78 Vinegar of opium, (black drop,) . . .78 Vinegar of squills, ..... 78 Water distilled, ..... 45 Water of ammonia, (strong,) ... 54 Water of ammonia, (weak,) . . • .45 Wine Teneriffe, . 78 Wine anlimonial, . • • • .72 Wine of colchicum, . 75 Wine of opium, . • • • .78 Now it is evident from the preceding facts, that in giving lo0 drops of sulphuric ether (and proximately of any ethereal tincture) we give but a fluid drachm; whereas the same number of drops of medicinal hydro- cyanic acid (one of the most poisonous preparations of XVI INTRODUCTION. the materia medica) would be equal to something more than three fluid drachms. The same remark, it will be observed, is applicable to various other preparations; which suggests a caution in rapidly increasing the dose of such medicines by drops. Whenever a table-spoonful of any liquid is ordered, it is considered to be equal to half an ounce by mea- sure ; and in the same way a tea-spoonful is used for a drachm: these measures are sufficiently accurate where no great precision is requisite. The prescriptions contained in this work are given in the Latin language, without other abbreviations than those in common use to denote the quantity of an ingredient. The directions for the administration of medicines are expressed in English. Prescriptions, as usually sent to the Apothecaries, are much abbreviated, and the same course may be pursued with regard to those contained in this collec- tion. For the information of students who have not been in the practice of writing prescriptions, a Table of Abbreviations is subjoined; TABULAR VIEW OF THE DOSES OF THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA. Acetate of mercury, gr. j. ------of lead, gr. 1 to iij. ------of potash, 9j to 3j. ------of ammonia, f ^ij to f §ss. ------of iron, gtt. x to xx. ------of iron, tincture, f gss to fgj. ------of morphia, gr. £ to ^. ------of soda, ^j to gss. Acetous tinct. of opium, gtt. x to xv. Acid, aromatic sulph., gtt. v to x. ------, Arsenious, T'^ to i. ------, Diluted muriatic, gtt. ij to v. ------, Diluted nitric, gtt. 1 to iij. ------, Diluted sulph., gr. v to x. ------, Medicinal hydrocyanic, gtt. i to ij. ------, Tannic, gr. j to iij. Aconite, Powder of, gr. j to ij. ------, Tincture of, gtt. v to x. ------, Extract of, gr. f to J. jEther, Acetic, gtt. xv to xxv. ------, Muriatic, gtt. v to xx. ------, Sulphuric, gtt. xx to f 3j. jErugo, gr. j. Aloes, Powder of, gr. v to x. ------, Tincture of, f 3j. ------ with canella, gr. v to 9j Alum, gr. v to x. Ammonia, aromatic gtt. x to xv. Ammonia, Muriate of, gr. j to v. ------, Phosphate of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Hydrosulphuretof,(Liquor) gtt. iij to vj. Ammoniac, Gum, gr. x to 9j. ------, Tincture of, fgss to f^j. ------, Lac, f.5ss. Ammoniated alcohol, gtt. v to xx. Ammoniated iron, gr. v to x. ------copper, gr. -} to i. ------tinct. of guiac, ft^j. ----— tinct. of opium, f^j. ------tinct. of bark, f^j. ------valerian, f gss to f £j. ------colchicum, f^ss. Augustura bark, gr. x to 9j. ------, Tinct. of, f ^j. Anodyne, Hoffman's, f gss. Antimony and potass.,Tart.gr. j to iij. ------, Sulphuret of, gr. vto x. ------, Precip. gr. j to iij. Antimonial powder, gr. iij to x. ------wine, f^ss to f£j. Arbutus uva ursi, 9j to gss. ------, Tinct. of, f 5j. ------, Syrup of, f3j._ ------, Infusion of, f 31J. Aristolochia serpentaria, Tinct. f ,^j. ------, Infusion of, f 5J. XXII TABLE OF DOSES, &C. Arnica montana, gr. v to x. Aromatic sulph. acid, gtt, v to x. ------hartshorn, gtt. x to xv. Arsenious acid, gr. j'y to £. Arsenite of potassa, solution, gtt. x. Arsenical solution,Fowler's gtt. x. Assafcetida, Gum, gr. v to x. ------, Tincture of, f 3j. ------, Lac, f ,$ss to f gj. Azederach decoction, f §ss. Balsam copaibae, gtt. x to f 3ss. ------of gilead, 3SS- ------of Peru, f ^ss. ------of tolu, gr. x to 9j. Baryta, Solution of muriate of,"gtt. v. Barium, Iodide of, gr. g to $. Bateman's drops, f3j to gij. Belladonna, Extr. gr. i to £. ------, Powder of, gr. j to ij. Benzoic acid, gr. x to xx. Bicarbonate of potassae, gr. x to 9j. ------of soda, gr. xv to 3ss. ------of ammonia, gr. v to xv. Bicyanuret of mercury, gr. i. Biniodide of mercury, gr. ^ to -£. Bismuth, Subnitrate of, gr. ijjo x. Bitartrate of potassa, §"ss to £j. Blacksnake root, gr. x to 9j. ------, Decoction of, f 3j. Bloodroot, Powder of, gr. xto 9j. ------, Tinct. f^j to fgss. Blue pill, gr. j to viij. Brucine, gr. i to gr. i. Bromide of iron, gr. ss t<*j. Butternut, Extr. of, 9j to 3ss. Blackberry root, Infus., f f j to f 3ij. Black drop, gtt. vij to x. Boneset, Infusion of, f ^j. Buchu, Powder of, gr. xx to3J. ------, Infusion of, f §j. Burnt sponge, 3j to 31J. Cajeput, Oil of, gtt. ij to v. Calcined magnesia, 3j. Callisaya bark, gr. x to J}j. ------, Tincture of, fgj. Calomel, gr. iij to x. Camphor, Gum, gr. v to x. ------, Spirits of, gtt. v to xx. ------water, f§ss to f §j. Cantharides, gr. ss to gr. j. ------, Tincture of, gtt. x. Canella, Tincture of, f£j. Capsicum, gr. iij to x. ., Tincture of, f£ss to t.-jj- ._*« „f nmmnnia. DT. V tO X. Carbonate of ammonia, gr. v to ------ of iron, gr. x to gj. ------of lime, Prep'd, gr. x to 3.i. ------• of magnesia, 3ss. ------of potassa, gr. x to 9j. ------of soda, gr. x to 9j. of soda, Dried, gr. x to xv. Cascarilla in powder, gr. x to Bj. ------, Infusion of, f§j. ., Tinct. of, f 3j. ^ Cassia, Purging, 31^ to gss. Castor oil, f^ij to f §j. Castor, gr. v to Qj. Catechu, Gum, gr. x to J}j. Catechu, Tincture of, f^ss tof^j. Carburet of iron, gr. v to x. Cannabis. See Gunjah. Caustic, Lunar, gr. /j to $. Centuary, Infusion of, f ^j to f 51J. Chalk, Prepared, gr. x to J)j. Chloride of gold, gr. j1^ to T'5. Chlorine water, f3SS to f^j. Chamomile infusion, f 5J. Charcoal, 3ss to 3J. Cicuta. See Conium. Cinchona, Infusion of, ftfj. ------, Decoction of, f §j. ------, Powder of, 3ss to 3j. ----, Extract of, gr. ij to iij. ■, Tincture of, f 3j to 31J Cinchonia, Sulphate of, gr. j to ij. Citrate of quinia and iron, gr. ij to v. Cobweb, gr. v to x. Codliver oil, f§ss to f^ij. Colchicum, Powdered root, gr. ij to v. •, Wine of, gtt. x to xx. Colocynth, Extr. of, gr. v to x. Colombo, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Tinct. of, fgss to f£j. , Extr. of, gr. j to v. Codeine, gr. ss to j. , Syrup of,f3J Confection of opium, gr. x to 3ss ------of scammony, 3ss to 3J. of senna, 3j. Conium, Powder of", gr. iij to iv ------, Extract, gr. ij to iij. , Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. Copaiva, Balsam of, gtt. xx to f 3ss. ------, Oil of, gtt. x. , Soluble, gr. v. Corrosive sublimate, gr. ^ to i. TABLE OF Copper, Ammoniated, gr. £ to gr. $. -----, Sulphate of, (Emetic,) gr. j to iij. CranesJbill, Powder of, 7)j to jss. ------, Decoction of, f^j. Croton oil, gtt. j. Crocus, common saffron, gr. x to xx. Cowhage, Electuary of, f^j to f^ss. Cream of tartar, ^ss to gj.. Creasote, Oil of, gtt. j. Cubebs, Powder of, 3ss to 3J. ------, Oil of gtt. v to x. Cyanuret of iron. gr. iij to v. —i----of mercury, gr. ^ to £. —----of potassium, gr. £ to £. ------of zinc, gr. i. Dalby's carminative, f gssto fgj.. Dandelion, Extr. of, gr. iij to x. —----, Infusion of, f gj to fgiv. Digitalis, Powder of, gr. £ gr, j. -----~, Tincture of, gtt. x. ----—, Infusion of, f.^ss- Dogwood, Decoction of, f gj to f Jij. Dover's powder, gr. v to x. Dulcamara, Extr. of, gr. iij to vj. —'---r Infusion of, f^j. Elaterium, Extr. of gr. £ to £. Elixir of vitriol, gtt. v to x. ----— of opium, M'Munn, gtt xxv. ------, proprietatis, f3j. Emetic tartar, gr j to ij. Epsom salts, Jj. Erigeron, Infusion of, f Jij. Ergot, Powder of, gr. x to xx. ------, Tincture of, fgj to f3ij. Essence of peppermint, gtt. v to x. Ethiops mineral, gr. v to xx. Ether, Spts of nitric, f 3ss. ------, Sulphuric, f 3ss to f3j. Extract of aconite, gr. i to i. ------of aloes, gr. v to xx. ------of hellebore, gr. v to x. ------of butternut, gr. x to 3ss. ------of chamomile, gr. v to x. ------of colocynth* gr. iij to x. ------of dandelion, gr. iij to x. ------of nightshade, gr. } to i. ------of elaterium, gr. % to |. ------of gentian, gr. j to v. ------of hemlock, gr.ij to iij. ------of henbane, gr. j to ij. ------of hops, gr. v to x. )OSES, &C. XXIII Extract of jalap, gr. v to J)j. ------of lettuce, gr. iij. ------of logwood, gr. v to xx. ------of nux vomica, gr. i to gr. j. ------of Peruvian bark, gr. j to v. ■ of poppy, gr. v to x. ------of quassia, gr. ij to v. ------of taraxacum, gr. v to x, ------of male fern, gr. x to 9j. Fern, Mal^ 3j to gijti Ferrocyanate of iron, gr. iij to v. of potassa, gr. v to x. Foxglove. See Digitalis. Fowler's solution, gtt. x. Fleabane, Infusion of, f^ij. Garlic, Syrup of, fgj. Galls, Powder of, gr. v to x. ------, Tincture of, fgj to f^ij. ------, Syrup of, fgj. ------, Infusion of, f 3J to f.^ij. Gamboge, Gum, gr. iij to vj. Gentian, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ------, Extract of, gr. j to v. ------, Tincture of, fgj. Ginger, Powder of, gr. x to Qj. ------, Infusion of, f^j to f|ij. Gout cordial, Warner's, f^ss to f 5j, Godfrey's cordial, f^ss tofgj. Glauber's salt, ^j. Guaiac, Gum, gr. v to 9j. ------, Tinct. of, fgj. ------, Ammoniated tinct. of, fgj. Gunja, Extr. of, gr. j to gr. iij. -------, Tincture of, gtt v to x. Gum ammoniac, gr. v to x. Hartshorn, Aromatic, gtt. x to xv. Hellebore, Black, gr. x to 9j. —-----, Extr. of, gr. v to x. ------, Tinct. of, fgj. —■-----, White, gr. j to ij. ------, Tinct. of, gtt. iij to vj. ------, American, gr. j to ij. Hemp, Indian. See Gunja. Henry's Magnesia gj. Henbane, Extr. of, gr. j to ij. ------, Tinct. of, gtt. xx to.fgss. Hive syrup, fgss to fgj. Hiera picra, gr. x to 9j. Hoffman's anodyne fgss. Hops, Tincture of, fgj to fgij. ----—> Infusion of, f Jj to f |ii. XXIV TABLE OF DOSES, &C. Huxham's tinct. of bark, fgj* Hyosc)ramus, Extr. of, gr, j to ij. Hyoscyamus, Tinct. gtt. xx to fgss. Hydrocyanic acid, (Medicinal,) gtt. j to ij.. Iodide of iron, gr. ij to iij. ------, Solution of, gtt. v to x. ------of potassium, gr. j to v. ------of arsenic, gr. T'F to T]?. ------of barium, gr. £ to }. Iodine, Tinct of, gtt. v to xx. Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium, Channing's solution, gtt. ij to v. Indigo, Powdered, J}j togj. Ipecacuanha, gr. xv to gss. ------, American, gr. x to 9j. ------, Wine of, fgss to fgj. Ipecacuanha, Syrup of, fgss to f gij. Iron, Acetate of, gtt. x, to xx. ----, Ammoniated, gr. iv to x. ----> Black oxide of, gr. v to xx. ----, Bromide of, gr. ss to gr. j. ----r Citrate of quinia &, gr. v to x. ----, Ferrocyanate of, gr. iij to v. ----, Iodide of, gr. ij to iij. ----, Iodide of iron, solution, gtt. xxx to fgj. ----, Lactate of, gr. iij to v. ----, Muriated tinct. of, gtt. x. ----, Phosphate of, gr. v to x. ----, Subcarbonate of, gr. x to gss. ----, Prototartrate of, gr. v to x. ----, Sulphate of, gr. ij to v. ----, Dried sulphate of,.gr. j to iij. ----., Wine of, gtt. xx:to fgj. Jalap, Powder of, gr. x to xx. ---—, Compound powder of,gss togj, ----, Extract of, gr. v to x. ----, Tincture of, fgj to fgij. James's powder, gr, iij to x. Juglans, Extr. of, 9j to gss. Juniper, oil of, gtt. iij to vj. Krameria. See Rhatany. Kino, Gum, gr. x to Qj. ----, Tincture of, fgss to fgj. Lathyris. See Spurge. Lac ammoniac, fgj lo fgss. ----assafoetidae, fgj to §ss. ——.sulphuris, £)j to gss., * Laudanum, gtt. xxv. Lactucarium, gr. iij. Lead, Acetate of, gr. j to gr. nj. Leopard's bane, Powder of, gr. j to v. Limewater, fgss to f gij. Lobelia, Powder of, gr. v to x. ----, Tinct. of, fgss to fgj. Logwood* Extract of, gr. v to 9j. ----, Decoction of, f gj to f gij. Lupulin, gr. v to x. ----, Tinct. of. fgj. Magnesia, Calcined, gj\ ----, Carbonate of, Qj to gj. ----, Sulphate of, gj. Male fern, gr. gj to gij. ----, oil of, gtt. xx to xxx. May-apple, Extr. of, gr. x to 9j. Manna, gj to gij. Meadow Saffron. See Colchicum. M'Munn's elixir of opium, gtt. xxv. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, gtt. j toij. Mercury, Acetate of, gr. j. ----, Yellow sulphate of, gr. £ to £. ----, Black sulphuret of, gr. v to xx. ---->, Protiodide of, gr. £ to }. ----, Biniodide of, gr. ^ to £. j----, with chalk, gr. v to ^j. ----, Black oxide of, gr. j to ij. ----, Corrosive chloride of, gr. ,'5to }. |----, Cyanuret of, gr. T'F to £. ----, Mild chloride of, gr. ij to x. Mindereri, Spts. of, fgij to fgj. Monesia, Extr. of, gr. x to xv. Morphia, Acetate of,'gr. £ to £. ----, Muriate of; gr. £ to £. ----, Sulphate of, gr. £ to £. Muriate of iron, Tinct., gtt. v to x. ----of baryta, Solution of, gtt. v. ----of ammonia, gr. j to v. ----of morphia, gr. £ to }. Muriatic ether, gtt v to xx. Muriatic acid, gtt. ij. to v. Musk, gr. v to x. ----, Tincture of, fgj. Mustard, Powder of, gj. Mugwort, Powder of,*9j to gj. Naptha, Wood, gtt. x to xv. * The doses of Laudanum for the different periods of life arc given .under the head of Narcotic^. TABLE OF DOSES, &C. XXV Nightshade, Extr. of, gr. i to £. ----,• Powder of, gr. j to ij. Nitrate of potassa, gr. v to x. ----of silver, gr. £ to %. Nitre, Sweet spirits of, fgss. Nitric acid, gtt. j to iij. Nitro-muriatic acid, gtt. ij to iij. Nitrous powder, gr. v to vij. Nux vomica, Extr. of, gr. i to j. ----, Tinct. of, gtt. v to xx. ----, Powder of, gr. iij to v. Oil of cajeput, gtt. ij to v. ----, Castor, fgss to fgj. ----, Croton, gtt. ss to j. ----of amber, gtt. ij to v. ----of cubebs, gtt. x to xx. ----of juniper, gtt. iij to vj. ----of turpentine, gtt. v to xx. ----of wormseed, gtt. iij to vj. ----of valerian, gtt. ij to v. ----,pf sassafras, gtt. ij to v. ----of male fern, gtt. xx to f gss. ----of cod-liver, fgss to f£ij. Opium Gum, gr. j. ----, Tincture of, gtt. xxv. ----, Vinegar of, gtt. vii to x. ----, Camphorated tinct. of, fgj. ----, Wine of, gtt. xxv. ----, Elixir of, gtt. xxv. Oxymcl of squills, fgj. Parsley, Infusion of, O ss. Paregoric elixir, fgj. Peruvian bark, J)j to gj. ----, Tinct. of, fgj ----, Decoction of, fgj. ----, Extract of, gr. j to v. Phosphate of soda, gj. ----of iron, gr. v to x. ----of ammonia, gr. x to 9j,. Phosphorus, gr. ,'6. Pill, Blue, gr. j to viij. Pink-root, Powder of, gr. x to 9j. ----. Infusion of, fgss to fgj. Pipsissewa, Decoc. of, f gij to fgiij. Pomegranate, Powder of, 9?j to gss. ----, Decoction of, fgj. Potassa, Acetate of, 9j to gj. ---- Solution of arsenite, gtt. x. ----, Bicarbonate of, gr. x to 9j. ----, Bitartrate of, gss to gj. ----, Carbonate of, gr. x to gss. Potassa, Ferrocyanate of,(prep*d) gtt. xx to fgss. ----, Nitrate of, gr. v to x. ----, Sulphate of, gss. ----, Tartrate of, gss to gj. Potassa and soda, Tartrate of, gj. Potassium, Iodide of, gr. j to v. ----, Cyanuret of, gr. | to }. ----, Iodo-hydrargyrate of, (Chan- ning's,) gtt. ij to v. Prussiate of iron, gr. iij to v. Prussic acid, Medicinal, gtt. j to ij. Protiodide of mercury, gr. ss toij. Protocarb. of iron, gr. v to x. Pulvis Doveri, gr. v to x. I----antimonialis, gr. iij to x. Quassia, Extract of, gr. j to iij. ----, Infusion of, fgj. ----, Tincture of, fgj. Quinia, Sulphate of, gr. j to iij. Quinia and iron, Citrate of, gr. iij to x. Rhubarb, Powder of, gr. x to gss. ----. Tincture of, fgij to fgss. ----, Syrup of, fgj to fgss. Rhatany, Extract of, gr. x to xv. ----, Tincture of, fgj to fgij. Rochelle, Salts, gj to giss. Sage, Infusion of, fgj to fgij. Sanguinaria. See Bloodroot. Sassafras, Oil of gtt ij to v. Savin, Powder of, gr. v to x. ----, Oil of, gtt. ij. to v. Saffron, Meadow. See Colchicum. ----. See Crocus. Sarsaparilla, Decoction of, f giv. ----, Syrup of, fgss to fgi. ----, Fluid extr. of, fgj. ----, Powder of, 9j to gj. Scabious, Infusion of, fgi> Scammony, Saponis albi, gr. x. Aquae destillatae, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—Three for a dose. To remove costiveness, or produce a gentle evacuation in de- bilitated habits. Pills of Aloes and Rhubarb. R. Pulveris^rhei, ------ aloes, aa. 3ss. Saponis albi, quantum sufficit—ut fiant pilulae xxv. • Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken occasionally, in habitual costiveness and in dyspepsia. CATHARTICS. 53 Pills of Rhubarb, with Sulphate of Iron, #c. R. Pulveris rhei, 3iss. —49 f Ferri sulphatis, 3ss. «^ Saponis albi, £ij. j*f . Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilulis xl dividenda. The intention of these pills is obviously to remove costiveness, and impart tone to the bowels. They were a favourite medicine with Dr. Griffitts, late of this city. Three or four may be taken for a dose at bed-time. Pills with Aloes, Gentian, <$c. R. Pulveris aloes, 3j- Extracti gentianae, 3ss. Olei carui, gtt. x. Syrupi simplicis, quantum sufficit. The mass to be divided into pills, each one weighing gr. iv.—Signa. Two or three for a dose. Pills of Crolon Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. j. Micae panis, q. s. ut fiant pilulae iv. Signa.—One every hour until they operate. This powerful remedy has lately been restored to the materia medica. One drop is a full dose, and frequently less will answer every purpose. Pill with Aloes, Ipecacuanha, fyc. ^^ R. Pulveris aloes, 3ss. ---;--- ipecacuanhae, gr. iv. Saponis, ^ij. Syrupi, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae xx. Signa.—Two or three for a dose; and to be repeated when necessary. These pills, with almost any other of the aloetic preparations, from their specific action on the rectum, will sometimes restore suppressed haemorrhoids. 6 54 CATHARTICS. Aperient Pills. R. Aloes, Pulveris rhei, aa. 3j« ------- ipecacuanha;, gr. vj. Saponis venetae, 9j. To be divided into sixty-four pills.—As a simple aperient, one may be taken every night at bed-time; but where a full purgative effect is desirable, the dose is two or three. Pills with Asafcetida and Aloes. R. Asafcetidae, Pulveris aloes, Saponis albi, aa, 3SS- * Aquae destillatae, quantum sufficit ut fiat massa in pilulas xxv di- videnda. These pills are usually kept made by the apothecaries, but the - physician may prefer them recent, and we therefore insert the formula. 'If preferred, the prescription may be altered by substi- tuting rhubarb for aloes. Three or four pills are sufficient for a dose. Pills with Extract of Butternut, Jalap, fyc. R, Extracti juglandis, 3ss. Pulveris jalapae, 9j. Saponis, gr. x. Misce.—Fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken for a dose, and if they do not operate, two or more may be safely administered. The extract of Butternut, either alone or in combination, is highly recommended as a cathartic in fevers, dysentery, &c. Pills of Blue Mass, and Colocynth. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, extracti colocynthidis, aa. gr. v. ^ jffb t K Olei carui, gtt. ij. Fiant pilulae ij. These constitute an active cathartic. CATHARTICS. Confection of Sulphur. R. Sulphuris sublimati et loti, 5iss. Confectionis sennae, iij. Potassae nitratis, 3j- Syrupi aurantii, q. s. ut fiat confectio. Signa.—From one or two drachms may be taken once or twice a-day. In haemorrhoidal affections. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth and Calomel. R.-Extracti coloeynthidis compositi, gr. xlviij. ^Hydrargyri chloridi mitis 9j. Misce, et divide in pilulas xx. Signa.—Two or three of these pills will generally act as a cathartic. Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, §c. R. Extracti coloeynthidis compositi, 9j. ------- jalapae alcoholici, gr. vj. Pulveris scammoniae compositi, gr. x. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. x. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Saponis veneti, gr. v, Olei cassiae, gtt. iv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv. Signa.—One, two, or three to be taken at bed-time. Br. Meigs. Pills with Aloes and Blue Mass. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, 9j. Pulveris aloes, gr. xxv. Misce et divide in pilulas xv et signa. One every two hours until they operate. In cases of constipation depending upon deficiency of bile. 56 CATHARTICS". Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, 8,-c, #c, commonly called FothergiWs Pills. R. Extracti coloeynthidis compositi, 3iss* * Antimonii oxidi illoti, 3ss. Misce et divide in pilulas xxx.—One of these pills will generally produce a free evacuation; but two or more may be taken when required. Pills unth Aloes, Guaiacum, fyc. R. Pulveris guaiaci, 5j- ------- aloes, gr. xxxvj. ------- rhei, 3ij. Balsami canadensis, quantum suffieit ut fiat massa in pilulas xlviij dividenda. Signa.—One to be taken every three hours. This combination forms a highly stimulating cathartic. Electuary of Senna and Figs. R. Pulveris sennae, 5ss. Pulpae ficus, quantum suffieit utfiat electuarium. Signa.—A piece the size of a marble, night and morning, in costive- ness. MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c. Oleaginous Mixture. R. Olei ricini, 5j. Pulveris acaciae, 3'j- Sacchari albi, 3j- Misce secundum artem, et tunc adde gradatim— Aquae menthae, f ^iv. Signa.—A table-spoonful every hour and a half or two hours, until it purges. It is of some consequence in preparing this mixture, to sliake the oil and powders well together before adding the water which * This preparation of antimony was formerly known by the name of Calx antimonii illota. CATHARTICS. O / should be poured in gradually, agitating it after each addition; or, combine the whole in a mortar. * Mixture of Oil of Turpentine, fyc. R, Olei terebinthinae, f ^j. Pulveris acaciae, ------ sacchari albi, aa.. 3'j- Aquae menthae, f ^iv. Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours until it operates. This preparation must be made in the same manner as the oleaginous mixture. Mixture with Magnesia, Asafoetida, 8,-c. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ss. Tincturae asafcetidae, gtt. lx. -------opii, gtt. xx. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquae destillatae, f^j. I Misce.—Fiat mistura et signa.—Twenty-five drops may be given to an infant of two or four weeks old; in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c. This preparation was strongly recommended and much em- ployed by the late Dr. Dewees of this city. If the calcined magnesia be used, it unites with the resin of the asafoetida, forms an almost solid mass at the bottom of the vessel, and defeats the object of the prescription. Mixture of Carbonate of Magnesia, §-c. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ss. --------sulphatis, 3iij- Spiritus ammoniae aromatici, f 3j • v ' Tincturae rhei, f 5ss. -------hyoscyami, f5ss. Aquae menthae, f^iv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A large table-spoonful to be taken two or three times a-day. Dr. Miig*. 6* 5 b CATHARTICS. Oleaginous Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei ricini, f ~iss. Vitellum ovi j. Sacchari albi, 3'j- Olei terebinthinae rectificati, f 3SS. Aquae menthae, f %iv. Misce optime et signa.—A large table-spoonful may be taken every hour or two, according to circumstances. This preparation is much used by some of our best practi- tioners, in cases requiring a brisk and stimulating cathartic. It has also been recommended as a purgative, after the effects of an over-dose of opium have been partially subdued by preliminary remedies. Mixture of Oil of Spurge. R. Olei euphorbiae lathyris, gtt. viij. Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa.. 3j- Aquae menthae, f rj. Fiat mistura et signa.—One half of this mixture may be given at once, and repealed in two hours if the bowels are not moved. The oil of Spurge is an old remedy, lately revived and intro- duced to notice by the Italians. The European oil is stated to be as mild as castor oil, and as prompt and efficacious as the croton oil, in the above doses. The oil prepared from the beans grown in this country is said to be much more acrid, occasioning both nausea and griping. Mixture of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. j vel ij. Mucilaginis acacia?, Aquae destillatae, aa. f ^j. Misce et signa.—To take a tea-spoonful every two hours until it operates. Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil. R. Olei tiglii, gtt. viij. Potassae, gr. vj. Aquae destillatae, f3ij. Fiat solutio.—Signa.— From three to six drops may be given for a dose. CATHARTICS. 59 This is a substitute for the soap of the croton oil proposed by the French, which is more troublesome to make. Mr. Conwel states, that four drops of this oil rubbed on and round the umbilicus, will produce a cathartic effect; even the odour of it has been known to excite the alimentary canal, either as an emetic or purgative. Solution of Epsom Salts with Nitric Acid. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, ^ss. Tincturae jalapae, f 3j- Acidi nitrici, gtt. ij. Aquae menthae, f^ij- Misce et signa.—To be taken for a draught. The nitric acid is said to destroy in great measure the bitter taste of the salt. Infusion and Tincture of Senna, fyc. R. Infusionis sennae, f'3vj- Tincturae sennae, f'3'j« Mannae, ^ * j - Magnesiae sulphatis, 5ss. Aquae menthae, ---- destillatae, aa. f ^iss. Misce et signa. One half to be taken for a dose, and repeated if it does not operate. This was a very common prescription of the late Mr. Abernethy, of London. ••Purgative Draught of Buckthorn, fyc. R. Foliorum sennae, 3lj - Sulphatis sodae, 3SS. Aquae, f 5iv. Syrupi rhamni, f rj. The water should be added boiling hot, and the infusion then cooled and strained. A few grains of Jalap may be substituted for the Sirup of Buckthorn. Mixture of Magnesia, Rhubarb, fyc. R. Magnesiae, 3ss. Pulveris rhei, gr. ij. ------- sacchari albi, 3j« Essentia? menthae piperitae, gtt. vj. Aquae destillatae, f 5iss. Fiat mistura et signa. A tea-spoonful to be given every two hours to children, until it operates. 60 CATHARTICS. This preparation is designed for the bowel complaints of chil- dren, in which it is very serviceable. Laudanum can be added according to the age and condition of the patient. Magnesia and Blue Pill. R. Magnesiae, 3iss- Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. q. s. Aquae, f §iv. Pilulae hydrargyri, gr. iv vel viij. Olei anisi, gtt. iv. Misce et signa.—To take a table-spoonful every two hours until it operates freely. An alterative cathartic. Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia, <$fc. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, 5j. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. ss. Succi Limonis recentis, f ?j. Aquae destillatae, f 5iij. Misce et fiat solutio.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours until it operates. Infusion of Senna, Sulphate of Magnesia, fye. R. Folioruin sennae, 3^j. Mannae optimae, Magnesiae sulphatis, aa. 5j. Seminum cardamomi, 3ij< Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water until cold, and half a tea-cupful given every hour until it operates. Infusion of Senna. R. Foliorum sennae, 3vj. Mannae, 5j. Seminum cardamomi, 3ij- Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water until cold; one-half to be taken at once; and if insufficient, the remainder in two or three hours. This infusion may be longer kept if a little tincture of senna be added to it. CATHARTICS. 61 Becoction of Prunes. R. Fructus pruni, 5iij. Aquae, Oiij. Decoque ad libras duas.—Used as a mild laxative. Infusion of Senna with Rhubarb, fyc. R. Foliorum sennae, 3vj. Mannae, 5j. Radicis rhei contusae, 3'j- Seminum cardamomi, 3'j- Misce et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for one hour. Half a tea-cupful given every hour till it operates. Compound Tincture of Senna ; vulgo, Warnefs Cordial. R. Tincturae sennae compositae, f 3J. Direct a table-spoonful, mixed with double the quantity of water, as hot as it can be drunk, to be taken for a dose, in cases of violent pain of the stomach, where a cordial purgative is required; to be repeated according to circumstances. Becoction of Aloes, <^c. R. Extracti glycyrrhizae, ?ss. Potassae carbonatis, ^ij. Aloes spicatae extracti, Myrrhae contritae, Croci stigmatum, aa. 3j- Tincturae cardamomi compositae, f 5iv. Aquae destillatae, Oj. Boil down all the ingredients, except the last, with the water, to twelve fluid ounces, and strain; then add the compound Tincture of Car- damom. The dose of this decoction is from half an ounce to an ounce and a half, and is of service whenever a mild, warm cathartic is required. Wine of Colchicum. R. Vini colchici saturati, f 5ss. Signa.—Ten or twenty drops of this may be taken in sugar and wa- ter, morning, noon, and night. The preparations of colchicum not unfrequently produce violent vomiting, and require to be continued with great caution. In rheumatism and gout. 62 CATHARTICS. The above preparation of the Colchicum or meadow saffron is made both of the bulb and seeds, but is most powerful when the bulb is used. The ordinary dose is twenty drops three times a-day, which may be repeated until it affects the stomach, pulse, or bowels, when it should be immediately discontinued, and its use resumed with caution. Colchicum and Magnesia. R. Magnesiae, 3j. Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa. q. s. Aquae destillatae, f liv. Vini colchici, gtt. xl. Fiat mistura et signa.—To take a table-spoonful every two hours until it operates. This preparation is much used in gouty and rheumatic affec- tions. Laudanum can be added if requisite. Scudamore's Mixture of Colchicum and Epsom Salts. R. Magnesiae sulphatis, 5j ad ?ij. Aquae menthae, f 5x. Aceti colchici, f 5j. Syrupi croci, f ?j. Magnesiae, 9viij. Fiat mistura.—Dose, one, two or three table-spoonsful, repeated every two hours, until four or six evacuations are produced in twenty-four hours. Chiefly used in gouty paroxysms. Pills of Veratria. R. Veratriae, gr. ss. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s.—ut fiat pilulae vi. Signa.—One of these may be given, and if purgative effects do not follow, three may be given in one day. The active principle of Veratrum album has been separated, and the name of Veratria bestowed upon it. It is extremely poisonous, and therefore to be taken with great caution. Its only recommendation is, that it is more certain in its operation than the preparations noticed above. Great caution is necessary in continuing its use. CATHARTICS. 63 Tincture of Veratria. R. Veratriae, gr. iv. Alcohol, f 5j. Fiat tinctura et signa.—This may be given in doses often, fifteen, or twenty drops, in a wine-glass of water. It is designed as a substi- tute for the Vinous Tincture of Colchicum, in dropsies, gout, rheu- matism, &c. The Tincture of Veratria is recommended as an external appli- cation in the diseases above mentioned. For this purpose also the ointment is proposed. Solution of Sulphate of Veratria. R. Veratriae sulphatis, gr. j. Aquae destillatae, f ?ij. Fiat solutio. Dose, a dessert spoonful. This solution is said to be a good substitute for the Eau Medicinale of Husson, in gouty affections. Magendie. „ Tincture of Aloes, fyc. R. Pulveris Aloes socotrinae, ------- anisi, aa. 5ij. Spiritus vini gallici, Oij. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, from one-third to half a wine-glassful, three times a-day. The above is highly spoken of by Dr. R. Pindall in hemor- rhoidal affections. He considers it almost a specific, notwith- standing the prejudice against aloes, in these affections of the rectum. Mixture of Elaterium. R. Elaterii, gr. j. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f 5ij. Tinturae scillae, Oxymellis colchici, aa. f 5ss. Syrupi, fgj. Fiat mistura et signa.—To take a tea-spoonful three or four times a-day in a little water. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar, who re- 64 CATHARTICS. commends it in the several forms of dropsy, and particularly in Hydrothorax. Tincture of Aloes and Canella Alba, vulgo, Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Tincturae aloes cum c-mella, fgj. A tea-spoonful may be taken every hour, or two hours, until it ope- rates. Electuary with Jalap, Nitrate of Potash, §c. R. Pulveris potassae bitartratis, ------■ radicis jalapae, ------- potassae nitratis, aa. gss. Confectionis sennae, gj. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat electuarium.—Of which a bolus the size of a hazlenut may be taken three or four times a-day. This preparation once gained considerable celebrity as a popu- lar remedy for hemorrhoids. Electuary with Sulphur. R. Sulphuris sublimati, ^ss. Confectionis sennae, giss. Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat electuarium.—A tea-spoonful night and morning for a dose, in the disease above mentioned. E N E M A T A. Enemata, used either as auxiliaries to or substitutes for cathar- tics, very properly succeed that class of remedies. They are employed to fulfil other indications, and the different prepartions will be noticed under their appropriate heads. It is usual to direct three times the quantity to be given for an enema that is required for a dose per os. For the purpose of procuring a discharge from the bowels, this rule may generally be observed; but in some of the powerful remedies occasionally administered, as opium and tobacco, it might ba attended with serious conse- quences. The following are the proportions recommended by Professor Chapman in the ordinary enemata for persons of different ages:— CATHARTICS. 65 A child between the ages of one and five years old, from giv. to gvj. A youth of ten or fifteen years, half a pint; and an adult, from a pint to a quart, according to circumstances. Enema with Oil, Salt, fyc. R. Olei ricini vel olivarum, fgij. Syrupi sacchari rubri, fgij. Sodii chloridi, gi vel gij. Infusi lini tepidae, Oj. Fiat enema.—One half to be thrown up the rectum with a syringe, and the remainder in half an hour or an hour, if the first produces no evacuation. The molasses in this preparation may be omitted without loss, and water substituted for the flax-seed mucilage. In fact there is no better enema than simple salt and water at the ordi- nary temperature; and sea-water fresh from the ocean answers the same purpose. Enema with Sulphate of Magnesia, -c. \\. Vini colchici, f3ss. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3j< Aquae cinnamomi, ---- destillatae, aa. f giij. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful three times a-day. The vinum colchici is recommended by some European writers in that particular form of dyspepsia which depends on duodenal irritation; taking care at the same time to employ occasional laxatives. 74 DIURETICS. Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis. 15. Tincturae seminum colchici, -------digitalis, aa. f 3j• Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f 3j- Misce. Dose—twenty drops on a lump of sugar. Given as a diu- retic in dropsy. Infusion of Uva Ursi. R. Uvae ursi, gj. * Aqua? bullientis, Oj. Pour the water boiling hot on the leaves, and let them macerate for twelve hours. To be taken cold, from half a pint to a'pint, daily. Chiefly used in gonorrhoea and irritable bladder. Mixture of Balsam Copaiba. ^4^. Copaibee, Spiritus aetheris nitrici, aa. fgss. Pulveris acaciae, ------ sacchari, aa. 3j< Spiritus lavendulae, f 3ij. Tincturae opii, f3j. Aqua? destillatae, f giv. « Fiat mistura secundum artem et signa. A table-spoonful three times a-day. This remedy is more especially used in gonorrhoea, and is con- sidered by Professor Chapman as a specific in that disease. A mode, preferable perhaps t$ any other of exhibiting balsam co- paiva, consists in dropping the quantity prescribed for a dose in a wine-glassful of water, and then adding to it a small quantity of the tine, gentianae comp. The balsam collects into a globule, and is surrounded by the tincture, which, leaving its taste in the mouth, covers that of the nauseous balsam. Mixture of Balsam Copaiba, Cubebs, fyc. R. Copaibae, Pulveris cubebae, aa. gss. Acaciae, 3ij- Tincturae opii camphoratee, fgss. Sacchari albi, 3ij- Aquae, f gviij. Misce secundum artem et signa.—A table-spoonful every three hours for a dose. 1 r V DIURETICSr- 75 We have found this remedy, in some obstinate cases of gonor- rhoea, more efficacious than the preceding formula. The tincture of cubebs may be substituted for the powder—and the tine, opii acetat. f3J for the paregoric, if desirable. Balsam copaiva is sometimes exhibited by the French physicians in the form of enema, for the cure -qI aonorrhoea. uiba Bolus. R. Copaibae, 3'j - Gummi acaciae, 3J- ',, -«c Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. --, ^.w "' To be mada into a bolus, one-half to be taken in the"mbVJtir)g> tfrr other in the evening. +. ^/^S, %\ * -^ This formula is much in use irl^the Parisian Hospitals, \for obstinate g&norrhcea and gleet. *r mPills of Copaiba, Calomel, 8fC -K» R. Confect. rosa?', 3j- ^ Resinae pterocarpi, 3j- Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xviij. ^ Copaibae, 3'j- Misce.—To be divided into pi^ls of six-grains each, anc to be taken morning and evt^fi^gg, according to circj They are employed in long-continued gonorrhoea or gle^ftTwhen ._ the inflammatory symptoms have been removed, and the discfiarge^, is owing to an atonic state of the mucous membrane. Ralier. Compound Mixture of Copaiba, fyc. •\ ^ > aa . f;5ss. R. Copaibae, Aquae menthae,* Alco-holis* \ Syrupi, Spiritus aetheris nilri&i, f 5ss. * t . Fiat mistura.—To be taken during the day in four doses, followed by* * demulcent drinks. Mn chronic gonorrhroea. ^ *< V" i 76 DIURETICS. Hydragogue Draught of Br. Ferriar. IL Gambogiae, gr. iv. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f 3J. Tincturae sennae, f 3ij. Syrupi rhamni, • / Aquae menthae, aa. fgss. Misce.—Dr..Ferriar observes, that in some cases of hydrothorax at- tended with imminent danger of suffocation, he has afforded im- mediate relief by the above draught. • It\fusion of Dandelion, SfC. t Bj. Infusi taraxaci, f giv". • Extracti taraxaci, 3'j-- Sodae carbonatis, 3«s. Potassae tartratis, ^ i ij - Tincturae rhei, f 3' • j - --------hybsciami, gtt. xx. FiaCThisturaret signa.—One third part to be taken three times a-day. In dropsical and visceral affections. Dr. Meigs. -. , Decoction of Pipsisseway. R-. Chiroaphilae umbellatae, gj. Ao^pe,, Oij. _ ^ Macerafe for twelve hours, and then gradually boil it down to one half. *Dose—a wine-glassful three or four times a-day. In Dropsy. Spirituous Decoction of Pipsisseway. IjL Chimaphila? umbellatae, gij. Aquae', f ± x ij. Evaporate by heat to gvj, and then add two ounces of gin. Dose—a dessert-spoonful every two or three hours, with diluent drinks. In Dropsy accompanied by debility. Infusion of Scabious or Fleabane. R. Foliorum erigeri, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Misce.—Pour on the water boiling hot, and infuse all night. A pint of the te"a should be taken daily. Nitre or any other diuretic may be added. In calculous and .nephritic affections, and in strangury, irritable bladder, &c. CLASS IV. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. Antilithics are those substances which arrest or prevent the formation of calculi in the kidneys or bladder. Lithontriptics are supposed to possess the power of dissolving calculous concretions, by acting on the substance which serves as the bond of union to the saline or acid particles composing the stone. To administer these remedies with any degree of success, re- quires a chemical knowledge of the ingredients which enter into the formation of the different calculi: attention must also be given to the properties of the urine. As derangement of the digestive organs almost always co-exists with these foreign bodies in the urinary apparatus, we shall gain a very considerable advantage by combining the remedies of this class with those which have a tendency to restore the healthy action of the stomach and bowels. When the lithic or uric acid abounds in the urine, the alka- lies will be found to produce the greatest benefit; but where the salts are evidently of the calcareous or magnesian character, the muriatic, or some one of the mineral acids, will constitute the most appropriate remedy. POWDERS. Powders of Uva ursi, Bark, <$-c; R:. Pulveris uvae ursi, ------ cinchona?, aa. 3j vel 5'j* ------ opii, gr. iij. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day. 8 7S ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar, who advises the patient to drink two ounces of aqua calcis after each dose. PILLS. Soap Pills. R. Saponis, 3j- Divide in pilulas xv et signa.—One every two hours during the day. Pills of Carbonate of Soda, dried. R. Pilulae sodae carbonatis exsiccata?, xij. To be taken three or four times a-day.—As under Diuretics. SOLUTIONS, MIXTURES, &c. Solution of Bicarbonate of Soda, §>c. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, 3j- Infusi quassiae, f giv. Tincturae calumbae, fgj. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose four times a-day. Solution of Salseratus. R. Potassae bicarbonatia, gr. x vel xv. Aquae seltzer, f gvj. Misce.—Draught, to be taken three or four times a-day. Mixture of Bicarbonate of Soda, fye. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, 3j< Misturae amygdalae, f giv. Copaibae, f 3 ij - Tincturae opii, gtt. Ix. Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful pro re natd. In acute pain of the bladder. In combination with each of these alkaline preparations, de- mulcent drinks may, with benefit, be freely employed. Lime-water, fyc. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3'j- Aquae calcis, Oij. Fiat solutio.—Of which a wine-glassful may be taken every two hours, mixed with an equal quantity of new milk. ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS. 79 Mixture of Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3j- Infusi gentianae, gvj. Fiat mistura.—A wine-glassful to be taken three times a-day. This mixture is recommended by Mr. Brande, of London, as superior to the alkalies, in cases where the uric acid abounds. Mixture of Muriatic acid in Barley water. R. Acidi muriatici, gtt. x vel xx. Decocti hordei, 3viij. Misce.—Dose, a table-spoonful, largely diluted, three or four times a-day.—In stone, when the calcareous properties are most apparent. The nitric acid has been given with the same intention, but appears to be less useful than the muriatic. Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthinae, 3ss. Signa.—From thirty drops to a large tea-spoonful may be taken on sugar, and repeated pro re nala. See also the formula given under Diuretics. This medicine has been frequently given of late in the passage of urinary calculi down the ureters. It is stated by Dr. Physick, (than whom there can be no higher authority,) that this remedy, proportioned in its dose to the degree of suffering, affords more prompt relief than any other. CLASS V. DIAPHORETICS. During the exhibition of this class of medicines the patient must be confined to his bed; and when diaphoresis is once excited, every precaution should be taken lest it be suddenly checked. Venesection should generally be resorted to when there is much arterial excitement with great heat of the skin, before we attempt to give diaphoretics. Where the skin continues steadily hot and dry, all external warmth must be removed, and cold water freely applied to the temples, hands, feet, &c, while the room is to be kept cool by a free current of fresh air. Under these circum- stances, cold water may be frequently and plentifully drunk by the patient. Diaphoretics given in conjunction with these general means, will act with much more certainty than if great heat of the surface is maintained by covering the patient with heavy bed- clothes. If it be desirable to produce perspiration when the heat of the skin is not above the natural standard, we shall obtain our object most readily by placing the patient in a warm bed, giving him warm drinks freely, placing his feet in warm water, or apply- ing hot bottles, or bags of sand, to the different parts of his body. The bags of sand accommodate themselves to the inequalities of the surface, and therefore form an excellent mode of applying heat externally. Warm bricks, covered with cloths, and wetted with vinegar, may also be used advantageously. Employed in this way they form a steam-bath. The same effect may be pro- duced by conducting the vapour of alcohol through a tube, under the bed-clothes of the patient. In few words, then, we have described the manner of pro- ducing diaphoresis under opposite states of the system. In the first instance we solicit, in the second we rather extort it. DIAPHORETICS. SI It may be proper to observe, that in the febrile affections the frequent change of linen about the patient is not only warrantable, but absolutely necessary, whilst employing this class of remedies. Where, however, we are desirous of producing what is emphati- cally termed " a sweat,'''' we should envelope the patient in a flannel shirt or gown, and avoid, as was before observed, every cause which may suddenly check the cutaneous discharge, and more especially purging and diuresis. POWDERS. Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, §c. R. Pulveris potassae nitratis, 3j. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. ss. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj. Fiat pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every two hours in sirup or molasses. In febrile affections. The calomel may be omitted or employed, at the discretion of the practitioner. Powders with Opium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, $c. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. ------ ipecacuanha?, gr. vj. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iss. Potassae nitratis, 3?s. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours. Powders with Guaiacum, «$-<\ R. Pulveris guaiaci, ------ potassae nitratis, aa. 5j- ------ ipecacuanhae, gr. iij. ------ opii, gr. ij. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken every three hours in a little jelly or molasses A stimulating diaphoretic, and particularly serviceable in acute rheumatism after the reduction of inflammatory symptoms. 8* 62 DIAPHORETICS. Powders of Sulphate of Potash, Opium, 4-c, vulgo, Dover's Powders. Rr. Pulveris opii, ------■- ipecacuanha1, aa. gr. vj. Potassae sulphatis, gr. xlviij. Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken three times a-day. The principal use of the salt in this preparation, appears to be to facilitate the minute division of the other two ingredients. Its crystals are extremely hard, and it should therefore be broken down and reduced to powder in a mortar at the same time with the other articles. It is one of the happiest and most useful combinations, having stood the test of time and experience with undiminished reputation. To promote its operation, warm, drinks may be freely taken after each dose. Powders with Calomel, Opium, $c. R. Pulveris opii, gr, iv. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xvj, Pulveris ipecacuanha?, gr. viij. Divide in pulveres viij et signa.—One to be taken every hour or two hours. This combination is recommended by Professor Chapman in dysentery. From its evident diaphoretic tendency we have been induced to place it under this head. Anlimonial Powder. R. Pulvis antimonialis, 3j- Divide in chartulas vj et signa.—One every two or three, hours in sirup or molasses. In Fevers. This powder, which has been introduced as the succedaneum of the celebrated. Fever Powder of Dr. James, has lately been pronounced inert by Mr. Richard Phillips, chemist of London. Learning that it had produced no effect when largely exhibited, he determined to examine it chemically, and found it to consist of peroxide of antimony, (which he says is inert,) and the phosphate of lime in mixture. But, as Dr. Paris observes, " It will be diffi- cult for the chemist to persuade the physician he can never have derived, any benefit from the exhibition of antimonial powder," DIAPHORETICS. 83 Powders of Precipitated Sulphurel of Antimony, Calomel, $c. Rr. Antimonii sulphureti praecipitati, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. gr- vj.. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j- Fiant chartulae vj et signa.—One to be taken morning and evening, with double or even triple proportion of the ingredients if neces- sary. In cutaneous diseases. Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Lemon juice, $c.,.vulgo, Neutral or Saline Mixture. R. Succi limonis recentis, f giss. Potassae carbonatis, q. s.ad saturandum, Sacchari albi, 3j vel 3'j- Antimonii tartratis, gr. ss. Aqua? destillatae vel menthae, f giij. Misce.—A table-spoonful to be taken every two hours. In Fevers. This preparation is one of our most agreeable diaphoretics. Its powers are decidedly increased by the addition of tartar eme- tic ; which, however, may be omitted, and the sweet spirits of nitre substituted, if preferred.. Solution of Citrate of Potash. R. Potassae citratis, 3ij> Aquae destillatae, fgiv vel f ^vj. Olei limonis, gtt. ij. Sacchari albi, 3'j- Misce.—A table-spoonful to be taken every two hours.—This pre- paration is a good substitute for the preceding one, and is in several respects to be preferred.. Spirits of nitre may be added. Pills of Antimonial Poivder, Calomel, §-c, R. Pulveris antimonialis, gr. x. *" Opii pulveris, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa .gr. ij. Confectionis rosae, q. s. Fiant pilulae aequales quatuor. Sjona.r—Two to be taken- at bed-time. In acute rheumatism, S4 DIAPHORETICS. Pills of Tartar emetic, Camphor, §-c. R. Antimonii et potassa? tartratis tartarizati, gr. ij. Pulveris opii, gr. vj. Camphorae, gr. xxxvj. Alcohol, gtt. iij. Confect. rosae, q. s. Fiat pilulae xi et signa.—One to be taken every fourth hour. Pills of Red sidphuret of Mercury, §-c. R. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, Pulveris serpentariae, aa. 3ss. Syrupi, q. s. Fiat pilulae xij et signa.—Two of these to be taken three times a-day. They are alterative as well as diaphoretic, and are useful in herpetic and other obstinate cutaneous complaints. Pills of Sulphur et of Antimony, Sfc.—Plummets pills. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Antimonii sulphureti, aa. 3ss. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j< Copaj>ae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae lx. Three pills to be taken night and morning. These pills were recommended by Professor Plummer in le- prosy, secondary syphilis affecting the skin, gleets, old ulcers, &c, &c. The decoction of Guaiacum generally accompanies their use. Anodyne pills. R. Extracti opii,irr. x. Antimonii sjjfchureti praecipitati, gr. xij. Potassae n^Brtis, gr. xxiv. Syrupi, q^ Ut fiant pilulae vj. Signa.—One at bed-time, in rheumatic affections. To diminish pain and produce diaphoresis. M. Recamier. DIAPHORETICS. 85 Effervescing draught. R. Potassae carbonatis, 3'j• Aquae destillatae, f giv.. Misce et fiat solutio. R. Succi limonis recentis, Aqua? destillatae, aa. f gij- Misce et signa —Mix two table-spoonsful of the lemonade with one of the alkaline solution, and let it be drunk while effervescing, and repeated pro re natd. This preparation differs from the neutral mixture more in the mode of exhibition than in any other important particular. It is of great value when the irritability of the stomach precludes the use of the ordinary diaphoretics. Sweet Spirits of Nitre, with Anlimonial wine, S^c. R. Tinctura? opii, gtt_ xxv. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3J- Vini antimonii, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, fgss. Fiat mistura.—To be given at a dose, and repeated pro re natd. Dr. Chapman observes in his Therapeutics—that " This com- bination very frequently acts as a diuretic in dropsy, and has more than once, within my knowledge, removed the effusion in this disease, under circumstances the least to be expected. Sweet spirits of Nil re, <%c. R. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f3j■ Vini antimonii, f3'j* Misce ct signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken every hour or two hours, in barley water, during the hot stage of intermittent and other fevers. Water of Acetated Ammonia, $c. R. Liquoris ammonia? acetatis, fgij. Aquae cinnamomi, fgj. Vini antimonii, f 3J» Aquae destillatae, f ^ij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. S6 DIAPHORETICS. Tincture of Tolu with Wine of Antimony, $c. R. Tincturae tolutani, f3v. Pulveris acacia?, 3i'j« Sacchari, 3j- Vini antimonii, f 3j- Aquae cinnamomi, f gij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A. table-spoonful three or four times a-day. This is a stimulating diaphoretic, and will be found serviceable in pectoral diseases accompanied with an excessive mucous dis- charge depending on debility of the bronchial membrane. Mixture with Camphor, Antimonial wine, fyc. R. Misturae camphorae, f gss. Aquae ammoniae acetatis, fgss. Vini antimonii, gtt. xx. Tinctura? opii, gtt. xx. Misce et signa.—To be taken at bed-time, or oftener, but in the latter case diminishing the quantity of laudanum. For the prescription for Mistura camphprata, see Stimulants. Mixture with Guaiacum, tf-c. R. Pulveris guaici, 3ij- ------- potassae nitratis, 3'ss- Pulveris acaciae, 3j- Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, £)j. Aquae destillatae, vel menthae, f gviij. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day. This preparation, if made without the extract of liquorice, is disposed to turn green, which gives it an unpleasant appearance, and sometimes induces the patient to refrain from it until the physician arrives. It is employed principally in rheumatic cases. DIAPHORETICS. 87 Sirup or Rob Anti-syphililique of Laffecteur. R. Sarsaparillae, Arundinis phragmitis, aa. gxxx. Florum boraginis officinalis, 5viij. Sennae, Rosae albae, aa. gij. Sacchari, Mellis, aa. ffevj. Boil the sarsaparilla and marsh reed grass in nine pints of water for one hour; strain off the decoction, and pour the same quantity of water on the residuum, which is to be boiled for two hdnrs : towards the end of the boiling add the borage flower, senna, and rose leaves, and then strain off, and to both decoctions add the sugar and honey, and boil the whole to the consistence of a sirup. The dose for a man is six table-spoonsful, and for a woman four, taken without addition, at six in the morning. The sarsaparilla ptisan is then to be commenced, and is made as follows:— Boil gij. of sarsaparilla in three quarts of water, to two quarts, suffer it to infuse during the night, and strain it off in the morning. This is to be drunk by the tumblerful, and several are to be taken during the day. The above preparation has been asserted, by the New York Medical Society, to be nearly identical with the noted Panacea of Swaim. It is believed that corrosive sublimate is often introduced into these nostrums at the discretion of the vendor. That both the French and American have frequently salivated, is well ascer- tained. Decoction of Burdock. R. Radicis arctii lappa?, giij. Aquae, Oiij. Reduce the fluid by boiling to two pints, and strain. A tea-cupful may be taken for a dose, five or six times a-day. In syphilis, scurvy, arthritic affections, &c. 8^ DIAPHORETICS. Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezerei, 5vj- Aquae, Ovj. Reduce by boiling to fciv., and near the end of the decoction, add radicis glycyrrhizae glabra?, gj. Strain, and give from one to four pounds per diem, as the stomach will bear it. In scrofula com- plicated with syphilis, Aqua? destillatae, vel menthae, f giv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re natu. This preparation is seldom employed in the practice of this city. It may, however, be beneficially given, as a pleasant sti- mulating diaphoretic. DIAPHORETICS. 89 Infusion of Bones et. R. Eupatorii, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for thirty minutes in a covered vessel; then decant and take a wine-glassful every hour, till perspiration is freely induced. The infusion must be taken as hot as it can be drunk, otherwise, it may produce vomiting. Decoction of Sarsaparilla, tf-c. ~* R. Give of the compound decoction of sarsaparilla, a tea-cupful four or five times a-day. This preparation, the formula for which is to be found in almost any Pharmacopoeia, has long been celebrated in the sequelae of syphilis, and the disease produced by the improper exhibition of mercury. It is also much employed in rheumatism. The rules laid down in the Dispensatories for the preparation of the decoc- tion should be closely observed. Infusion of the Asclepias tuberosa, or Pleurisy roof. R. Radicis asclepiadis tuberosae, 3J. Aquae bullientis, Oiss. Fiat infusum et signa.—A tea-cupful to be taken warm, as frequently as the stomach will bear it. Professor Chapman observes of this plant—"As a diaphoretic, I think it is distinguished by great certainty and permanency of operation, and has this estimable property, that it produces its effects without increasing much the force of the circulation, raising the temperature of the surface, or creating inquietude and rest- lessness."— Therapeutics, Vol. I. p. 347. Decoction of Barley with Nitrate of potash. ■■ R. Decocti hordei, Oj. Potassae nitratis, 3'j- Succi limonis, f 2j. Fiat potus.—To be used warm as a common drink. * For Decoction of Barley, see Dietetics. 9 90 DIAPHORETICS. Infusion of Pipsisstway. R. Chimaphilae, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—A tea-cupful every two hours. Mixture of Muriate of Baryta, fyc. R. Barii chloridi, Ferri chloridi, aa. 5ss. Aquae destillatae, Syrupi corticis aurantii aa. fgj. Fiat mistura et signa.—The dose may be from ten to twenty drop? every three hours. In obstinate scrofulous diseases.—Hufektnd. CLASS VI. EXPECTORANTS. During the administration of Expectorants the patient should be kept warm, and, if the complaint be violent, in bed. The dose of all Expectorants should be repeated sufficiently often to allay the irritation as much as possible ; for it is obvious that the act of coughing increases that very irritation which originally gave rise to it. POWDERS, PILLS, &c. Powders of Myrrh, Ipecacuanha, §c. R. Pulveris myrrha?, gr. xij. ------ipecacuanha?, gr. vj. ------ potassa? nitratis, 3ss. Misce et divide in doses quatuor. One to be taken every fourth hour. A stimulating expectorant.—Parish Pharmacologia. Compound powder of Ipecacuanha. R. Pulveris ipecacuanha? compositi, 3ss. Divide in chartulas iij et signa.—One, two or three times in 24 hours, mixed in sugar and water. This, the Dover's powder, has been already introduced under the head of Diaphoretics, where perhaps it most properly belongs; but it often proves of such decided advantage as an expectorant, as to deserve an insertion here. 92 EXPECTORANTS. Powders with Nitrate of potash, Calomel, Opium, '§c. R. Potassae nitratis, 3j- Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. ------- ipecacuanha?, gr. iij vel vj. Misce et divide in chartulas vj, et signa.—One every two or three hours in sirup or molasses. This preparation closely resembles the former with the excep- tion that it contains calomel. All powders containing calomel, or other metallic preparations, should be given in sirup, as. they sink when water is employed as the vehicle. Pitts of sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. R. Zinci sulphatis, gr. x. Pulveris myrrhae, 5'ss- Confectionis rosa?, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae xx. This prescription is taken from the Pharmacologia of Dr. Paris, who recommends two of the pills to be taken twice a-day. It is principally used in pertussis; but a more efficient direction would be to give a pill every two hours. Dr. Paris remarks, that the principal nostrums for whooping-cough, are formed efther of opium or sulphate of zinc. Pills of Conium, Ipecacuanha, fyc. R. Extracti conii, Pulveris ipecacuanha? compositi, aa. gr. x. Misce et fiant pilulae v.—Of which two may be taken at bed-time. In pulmonary irritation, attended with rheumatic and other local pains. Pills of Tartar emetic, fyc. R. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, Opii, aa. gr. iss. Pulveris tragacanthae, gr. x. Confectionis rosae, q. s. «t fiant pilulae xxv. Two to be taken night and morning. In chronic pulmonary catarrh. Dr. Paris et. EXPECTORANTS. i')!J Pills of Squill, Ammoniac, dye. R. Pulveris scillae, gr. xxx. Ammoniaci, 5'ss- Extracti conii, gr. xxx. Divide into xxx pills ; of which two may be taken twice a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. Pills of Squill, Calomel, q-c." R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij. Scillae recentis, Ammoniaci, aa. 9j. Pulveris ipecacuanha? compositi, 3ss. Confectionis rosa?, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xxx. One three or four times a-day. In troublesome cough. Dr. Latham. The recent squill is greatly preferred by some physicians. It is generally given in double the dose of the dried root. Pills of sulphate of Zinc. R. Zinci sulphatis, ^ss. Confect. ro.-;;r, q. s. ut liant pilulae xx.—One of these pills may be given three times a-day. In phthisis and pertussis. Tar pills. R. Picis liquidae, 5j- Pulveris glycyirhiza?, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xxx vel xl.—One to be taken every three or four hours. Pills of Calomel, Squill, Extracti hyoscyami, J^ij. \t^ r,. ^ Aquae destillatae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xxx.—Two to be taken night * V \J nnr morninA1 j\V and morning. These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in phthisis and catarrh attended with great debility of the pulmonary organs. Lozenges with Liquorice, Opium, Q-c. R. Pulveris acaciae, ------- extracti glycyrrhizae, ------- sacchari, aa. 3ij- ------- opii, gr. vj. Olei anisi, gtt. iv. Misce et adde— Aqua? destillatae, q. s. ut fiant trochisci Ix et signa.—One of these may be dissolved in the mouth three or four limes a-day. These are the well-known Cough lozenges of the late Dr. Wistar. Emetine Lozenges. R. Emetia? coloratae, gr. xxxij. Sacchari albi, rij. Divide into lozenges, each weighing ten grains. One of these will produce more or less nausea in a child ; but if this is not desirable, they can be given in divided portions. Adults may take several at intervals of two hours, without the risk of vomiting /o _ (o _ /"Z- EXPECTORANTS. 95 Cubeb lozenges. R. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij. Tolutani, gr. vj. Syrupi myroxyli, Extracti glycyrrhizae, aa. gj. Acacia?, q. s. Mix, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. These are called Spitta's lozenges, and are celebrated for the relief they afford in coryza. MIXTURES, SIRUPS, &c. «^^ Mixture with extract of liquorice, SfC, vulgo, Brown mixtftof. .--"" R. Pulveris extracti glycyrrhizae, ^* ------- acacia?„aa. 3$- ~. Aqua? ferventis, f giv. • Misce et fiat solutio, et adde— ' Spiritus aetheris nitrici, f 3j. Vini antimonii, f3j. tinctura? opii, gtt. xl vel lx. Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro re natd. In catarrh. Mixture with sirup of Squill, 4*c R. Syrupi scillae, fgss.. Tincturae opii camphoratae, f5'j- Vini antimonii, f3j- Pulveris acacia?, 3SS* Aqua? destillatae, f giij. »>VA"f Misce et signa, a tea-spoonful every two or three hours. >.• *. This is more particularly designed for children. Compound sirup of squill, vulgo, Coxe's hive sirup. R. Syrupi scillae compositi, fi^j. A small tea-spoonful may be given to a child of one year old every quarter, half, or one hour, according to the violence of the disease^,., and until vomiting ensues ; then discontinue it. The following is perhaps a more eligible compound. 96 EXPECTORANTS. R. Infusi senega?, f 5»v- Syrupi ipecacuanha?, fgj. Oxymellis scillae, f 3 i'j * Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. i. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tea-spoonful, pro re natd, for children of two years of age, and upwards. In croup. Infusion of Seneka. R. Radicis senega?, 3'j- Aquae bullientis, f 5vj. Syrupi tolutani, gj. Ammoniaci, 3ss. Misce.—A table-spoonful every two hours. In catarrh. Mixture of extract of Conium, fyc. R. Extracti conii 3j Tinctura? opii camphorata?, fgss. Syrupi tolutani, fgss. Aquae rosa?, f giv. Misce et signa.—From half to a whole tea-spoonful may be given once in four hours to a child a year old, watching the effect. Dr. Pearson, in his work on pertussis, recommends the above as a valuable formula. Mixture of Almond emulsion, fyc. R. Mistura? amygdalae, f gv. Vini ipecacuanhae, Tincture*" scillae, aa. f3j. Syrupi tolutani, f 3 vj - Misce et signa.—Take a table-spoonful whenever the cough is urgent. Almond emulsion is prepared by removing the skin of sweet almonds by immersing them in hot water, (called blanching,) then » beating them with some sugar to a pulp in a mortar, and adding Water gradatim until an emulsion of sufficient consistence is formed. It is then to be strained. EXPECTORANTS. 97 White linctus* R. Amygdala? dulcis, xv. Tragacanthae, 9j. Syrupi, fgj. Olei amygdali, f3'j- Aqua? riorum anrant: f3'j* ----- destillatae, f giv. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, frequently through the day. In catarrh. Mistura Moschi. See Antispasmodics. Mixture of oil of Amber, $-c. R. Olei succini, gtt. lxxx. Acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. gss. Tincturae tolutani, f"3ij- Aquae destillatae, f ^iv. Fiat mistura secundum artem et signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. In spasmodic cough. Mixture with Carbonate of potash, $-c. R. Potassa? carbonatis, 3ij- Vini antimonii, f 3j■ Tincturae opii, gtt. xl. Spiritus lavendula? compositi, F^ij. Aqua? destillatae, f giv. Fiat mistura.—And let a table-spoonful be taken every hour or two hours. Mixture with bicarbonate of soda, fyc. R. Sodae bicarbonatis, gr. xij. Vini ipecacuanha?, gtt. xx. Tintura? opii, gtt. iv. Aqua? destillatar, f rj. Misce et signa.—Give a tea-spoonful every two or three hours. This preparation is designed for children, and is chiefly used in pertussis. 98 EXPECTORANTS Solution of carbonate of Potash with Cochineal. R. Potassa? carbonatis, 9j. Pulveris cocci, 9ss. Sacchari, 3j- Aquae destillatae, f giv. Fiat solutio.—Dose for children, a tea-spoonful every two or three hours. A popular remedy in pertussis. Mixture with tincture of Digitalis, 8rc. R. Tinctura? digitalis, f 3j- --------opii, gtt. lx. Aquae destillatae, f gij. Misce.—A small tea-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. In haemoptysis and in incipient phthisis. Solution of Asafailida, fyc. R. Asafoetida?, 3j- Aquae, fgiv. Fiat soluiio, et adde— Tinctura? tolutani, fgss. --------opii, gtt. xx vel xl. A tea-spoonful to a child every two hours, and a dessert-spoonful, (or more,) as frequently to an adult. This preparation is of great value in pertussis and other spas- modic diseases of the chest. Tincture of Blood roof. R. Tincturae sanguinariae saturatae, gj. Direct from 30 to 50 drops twice in the day. This native product is one of the most powerful medicinal agents. It is violently emetic in large doses, but in the quantity recommended is said to produce diaphoresis and effects analogous to those of digitalis. -!■•••• Its active principle is called sanguinarina. EXPECTORANTS. 99 Solution of gum Ammoniac, §-c. R. Ammoniaci, 3j- Aquae destillatae, f giv. Fiat solutio, et adde— Oxymellis scillae, f gij. Tincturae opii camphoratae, fgss. A table-spoonful may be given every two hours. A stimulating expectorant. Mixture with milk of Asafoetida and acetate of Ammonia. 1£. Asafcotidae, 3ss- Liquoris ammonia? acetatis, Aquae menthae, aa. f gij. Fiat mistura.—A tea-spoonful to children, and a table-spoonful to adults, in coughs, pro re natd. This simple solution of asafoetida is frequently employed, and is found to answer every purpose of more complicated prescrip- tions. Mixture of Copaiba and Balsam Tolu, fyc. IL Copaibae, Tolutani, Pulveris acacia?, aa. gss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, f rvj. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a table-spoonful,pro re natd. In chronic whoop- ing-cough. When there is hectic excitement, digitalis may be added. Tincture of Tolu with Digitalis, fyc. R. Tinctura? tolutani, f giss. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, f^ss. Tincturae digitalis, 3j- Vini antimonii, f 3'j- Mellis despumati, f giss. Pulveris glycyrrhi zae, 3SS- Aquae destillatae, fgvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given, according to cir- cumstances. 100 EXPECTORANTS. Mixture with Balsam Peru, #c. R. Myroxyli, 3$s. Acaciae, q. s. Aquae cinnamomi, ---- destillatae, aa. f 3SS# Misce et signa.—To be taken at once, and repeated three or four times a-day. The different balsams were at one time almost proscribed from the class of expectorants, on account of their stimulating qualities. Copaiba, however, and some others of this class, are now much employed in diseases of the pulmonary mucous membranes; and the author has himself prescribed it with great advantage in the peculiar hoarseness that follows measles. Tar Water. R. Picis liquidee, Oij. Aquae, cong. Mix them, and stir them together with a wooden rod for an hour; then let the tar subside, strain the water and keep it in well-corked bot- tles.—A pint, or even two pints, may be taken daily ; but in some cases the dose must be greatly diminished. Decoction of tar and bran, sometimes called Jew's beer, or wine of Tar. Water, three quarts, Wheat bran, one quart, Tar, one pint, Honey, half pint. To be simmered together for three hours, and when cool add a pint of brewer's yeast, and let it stand for 36 hours. Then bottle it. Dose—a table-spoonful morning, noon, and night. Mixture of gum Ammoniac and Nitric acid, called Nitric lac ammoniac. R. Ammoniaci, 9ijss. Acidi nitrici, f3h\ Aquae, f gviij. Pour the nitric acid and water together, then add the compound gra- dually to the gum, incorporating them well in a composition mortar. A table-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day. EXPECTORANTS. 101 This preparation is strongly recommended in protracted catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, by Dr. J. Stuart, author of a treatise on Colds. Mixture of Spermaceti, $c. Rr. Cetacii, 3ij- Sacchari albi, 3hj- Tincturae opii camphoratae, fgss. Aquae, f gviij. Rub the spermaceti and sugar together with the yelk of an egg, then gradually mix the water.—A table-spoonful for a dose, four or five times a-day. In Catarrh. Sirup of Tolu with Belladonna, ^c, R. Extracti belladonna?, gr. viij vel xij. Vini ipecacuanha?, f 3j- Syrupi senega?, fgss. ------tolutani, f giij ss. Misce et signa.—To take a tea-spoonful three or four times a-day, freely using gum water acidulated with lemon juice. In Coughs. Infusion of Flaxseed, §c. R. Lini, 3J. Radicis glycyrrhizae, gss. Aquae bullientis, Oij. Macerate for two or three hours near the fire in a covered vessel; strain, and add lemon juice sufficient to make it agreeable. It may be given as a common drink in catarrh. Decoction of Iceland Moss. R. Cetrariae, 3J. Aquae, Oiss. Boil to one pint, and strain. This article once acquired great celebrity in coughs; but was overrated, and lost its reputation. It contains a bitter quality, which is sometimes an advantage in dyspepsia and phthisis. From this it may be freed if necessary, by macerating before boiling, and throwing the first liquor away. To be taken ad libitum. Prussic or hydrocyanic acid. As prussic acid rises to the top of an aqueous mixture, thereby rendering the dose very uncertain, we prefer directing the patient 10 10-2 EXPECTORANTS. to drop the dose each time into a solution of gum Arabic or sim- ple sirup. It should be kept covered from the light, and not allowed to be accessible to those unacquainted with its power, as even a strong inhalation will sometimes prostrate an adult. The physician should also know after what process the acid is made that he prescribes. That of Scheele, who discovered it, affords an acid containing some water, and this may be unequal at diffe- rent times. The process of Gay Lussac, yields a fluid free from admixture, and of course much more energetic than the former. Magendie directs the prussic acid of Gay Lussac to be diluted with 8.5 times it weight of water, and this he denominates me- dicinal prussic acid. This remedy is doubtless very efficacious in some diseases, but it is to be regretted that it is liable to such inequality of strength. We are told by Magendie, that left to itself in close vessels, it decomposes sometimes in less than an hour, and can scarcely be kept over fifteen days. This is to be understood only of the acid of Gay Lussac. The prussic acid of Brande, as kept in our shops, may be commenced in doses of a drop three times a-day in mucilage of gum Arabic, or sugar and water, and augmented one drop daily, until its action on the system is fully displayed. Magendie directs the following, among other formula?, for the exhibition of his medicinal Prussic acid. Pectoral Mixture. R;. Acidi hydrocyanici, f3j- Aquae destillatae, Oj. Sacchari albi, giss. Fiat mistura et signa.—A dessert-spoonful may be taken morning and evening, and gradually increased, (if necessary,) to six or eight spoonsful in the twenty-four hours—shaking the vial each time. Prussic acid is also used externally, in the proportion of 31J to Oj, of water, or other fluids. In cancerous ulcers; dartre; and injected into the vagina in cancer of the uterus.—See JlaoenciSs Formulary, edit. 5th, p. 66. Another mode of administering Prussic acid is the following: "In prescribing it I have mostly confined myself to a single prescription, which is a slight modification of that recommended by Dr. Granville of London.—Let half an ounce of gum Arabic be dissolved in seven ounces and a-half of water, to which add EXPECTORANTS. 103 half an ounce of sirup of tolu and twelve drops of prussic acid prepared according to the formula of the London pharmacopoeia. Of this mixture, a table-spoonful maybe taken every three hours, —a medium dose which I prefer in commencing the use of so powerful a medicine."—Morton's Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption, p. 132. Cyanuret of Potassium. By dissolving this substance in eight times its weight of dis- tilled water, it becomes the hydrocyanate of potassa, which is also called the medicated solution of hydrocyanate of potassa, and is employed as a remedy in the same doses as prussic acid. It is said to exercise the same power over the system as the latter, being equally active, but with the advantage of being a more uniform and permanent medicine. It is prescribed as follows:— Mixture of medicated hydrocyanate of Potassa. R. Liquor potassii cyanureti medicati, f5J-* Aqua? destillatae, Oj. Sacchari purificati, giss.. Fiat solutio. Dose—a table-spoonful night and morning, watching its effects. Magendie. Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Potassii cyanureti, gr. ss. Aquae lactucae, fgij. Syrupi althaaae, fgj. Fiat mistura. Dose—a table-spoonful every two hours. Magendie. Pills of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Potassii cyanureti, gr. j vel ij. Amyli, gr. iv. Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij. Dose—a pill night and morning, watching its effect. We cannot enjoin too much caution in the use of all the pre- parations of prussic acid, some of which are extremely variable in themselves, and all produce very unequal effects on different con- * In the seventh edition of this work the symbol for an ounce (§j) was printed for that of a draclini (3j.) Persons having that edition will please to correct the error. The formula is correct in all the previous editions. 104 EXPECTORANTS; stitutions. It is questionable whether the practice of medicine has gained any thing by their adoption into the Materia Medica. The various preparations of Iodine and Bromine are also used as expectorants. For the formula?, see Alteratives. Mixture of gum Ammoniac, #c. R. Mistura? ammoniaci, f giij. Tinctura? castorei, f3ss. Syrupi tolutani, fgss. Tincturae opii, gtt. xx vel xxx. Aqua? cinnamomi, fgj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A small table-spoonful every three or four hours, in troublesome cough. Br. Meigs. Mixture of Morphia and Tolu. R. Oxymellis scillae, giss. Syrupi tolutani, gss. Morphia? acetatis, gr. ss vel j. Misce et signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken every two or three hours, pro re natd. In phthisis, and other diseases attended with cough. Tolu with Morphia and Antimony. R. Mucilaginis acaciae, Oj. Syrupi tolutani, fgij. Morphiae sulphatis, gr. i vel ij. Antimonii tartarizati, gr. i vel ij. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours. Morion on Consumption, p. 123. Decoction of Seneka-root. R;. Radicis senega? contusae, gj. ------glycyrrhizae, gss. Aquae destillatae, Oiss. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose—a table-spoonful. This decoction is prescribed in pectoral diseases, and espe- cially in croup. It is sometimes too pungent, and may require to be much diluted. EXPECTORANTS. 105 INHALATION. Inhalation is a means of applying remedies directly to the lungs. A good instrument for this purpose is the Inhaler of Mudge; but as a substitute the common tea-pot may be used, or a funnel inverted over a bowl. The substances usually selected for inha- lation are—the steam of warm water: the steam of vinegar, pro- duced by pouring it into boiling water; and various other articles next to be enumerated. Inhalation of Balsam tolu. R. Tolutani, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Misce.—To be inhaled. Ether is also used alone, or impregnated. When saturated with cicuta, and inhaled from a wine-glass, it is adapted to pro- tracted catarrh, pneumonia, consumption, &c. Dr. Morton ad- vises Dr. Pearson's formuja, which consists in keeping a drachm of powdered cicuta in an ounce of ether for a week. A tea-spoon- ful or two of this impregnated fluid may be inhaled at a time, and repeated thrice per diem.—^Morton on Consumption, p. 136. The latter practitioner has more recently recommended the following formula: Ethereal tincture of Iodine and Cicuta for inhalation. R. Iodini, gr. viij. Conii, gr. xvj. ./Etheris sulphurici, gij. Macerate the ingredients together for 24 hours or more. Half a tea- spoonful at a time is to be breathed from a wine-glass grasped in the warm hand, and repeated twice or thrice a-day. If it does not affect the head, the quantity inhaled may be gradually increased. The following is Dr. Scudamore's recipe for Iodine inhalation: R. Iodini, Potassii iodidi, aa. gr. vj. Aqua? destillatae, f gv 3^j. AJjohol, f gj. V^.\> Mix, aluKuse for inhalation. 10* \ > Tf * \ -i. 106 EXPECTORANTS " I usually commence with a drachm of this mixture, proceeding gradually to the extent of half an ounce, (rarely more,) putting two- thirds the dose for the first half of the time, (10, 15, or 20 minutes,) and the other third for the remainder, always adding thirty minims of a saturated tincture of conium, with an increase if the cough be very irritable. Occasionally I add some saturated tincture of ipecacuanha; and when the respiration is spasmodically affected, some aetherial tincture of lobelia inflata."—Scudamore. Stramonium is particularly serviceable in asthma and consump- tion. The root is cut, dried, and smoked from a common Fumigations of tar and turpentine are also much in use. The former is even said to have cured consumption.. It usu- ally is applied by placing the tar on a dish over coals, and suffering it slowly to evaporate:—hut a far neater and more effec- tual mode is that practised by Sir Alexander Crichton, viz: "an ounce of potash is added to every pound of tar, in order that the latter may be deprived of its pyroligneous acid. The two ingre- dients being well mixed, should be first boiled for a few minutes in the open air, in order to disengage any impurities, and then be kept at a simmer in the room of the patient. This is effected by putting the mixture in an iron vessel, and placing the latter over a spirit lamp, or some analogous contrivance. In this way, npt only a chamber, but an entire house, is speedily pervaded by a most agreeable vapour, which, although it may at first excite some disposition to cough, both in healthy and sick persons, very soon in a majority of cases, allays this symptom, and with it a great proportion of the patient's distress."—Morton ut supra. The fumes of rosin were much employed by the late Dr. Par- rish, of this city; he directed it to be put on a hot shovel, or coals, and allows the patient gradually to inhale it. To some persons it is very agreeable, while the lungs of others cannot tolerate it. In some cases of croup, the inhalation of ether or Hoffman's anodyne, will often procure prompt relief, and gain time for the application of general remedies. Chlorine gas has also been much used by inhalation, not pure, however, but mixed or diluted with atmospheric air. For this purpose a little acid of any kind may be dropped gently on a mixture of chloride of lime, by which means the chlorine is gra- dually disengaged, and is inhaled as it rises; or, the air of £*room may be pervaded with it in like manner. It has been much com- EXPECTORANTS. 107 mended in bronchitis and the kindred affections, but is getting into disuse from its manifest inefficiency.* * Fumigation of Chlorine. J£. Sodii chloridi, f^ii. Oxidi manganesii, -Zv. Aqua;, ftj. Acidi sulphurici, 4-kj. Mix the salt and manganese, and add at proper intervals the acid and water, mingled. When used in the wards of hospitals or other infected apartments, the patients should be previously removed. For the method of preparing the different chlorides used as disinfecting agents,, see Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. No. 4. t CLASS VII. EMMENAGOGUE S. Emmenagogues are those medicines which promote the men- strual discharge, or restore it when entirely suppressed. Although by some authors the specific action of these medicines on the ureters has been questioned, if not denied, yet by others, of equal authority, it has been fully acknowledged. It must, however, be observed, that amenorrhcea occurs under opposite states of the system; and wThen general debility appears to be the cause of the local disease, it may be advisable to ac- - company the emmenagogue with an active course of tonics. While, on the contrary, if the obstruction be the effect of a ple- thoric habit, bleeding, cathartics, &c, are essential preliminaries to the successful exhibition of a specific remedy. POWDERS. Powder of Hiera picra. R-. Pulveris aloes et canellae, 3j« Divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day. This article is placed under the head of cathartics, but it is so generally employed as an emmenagogue, as to merit an insertion here. Powder of Madder. R. Pulveris rubiae tinctor. gss. Signa.—A small tea-spoonful to be taken morning, noon and night, in sugar and water. EMMENAGOGUES. 109 There are three or four qualities of madder, which circumstance may account for its frequent inertness. Powder with Savin, fyc. R. Sabinae exsiccatae, Pulveris zingiberis, aa. 3j- ------ potassae sulphatis, 3ij> Fiant pulveres vj et signa.—One to be taken twice a-day. Powder with Savin and Cantharides. R. Pulveris sabinae, 3j- ------ cantharidum, gr. ij. Misce et divide in pulveres iv et signa. One to be taken every night, on going to bed, watching its effect. Powder of Spurred rye. R. Pulveris ergotae, 9ij. Divide in chartulas iv.—Of which one may be taken morning and night, in sugar and water. Drs. Chapman and Dorsey have placed this substance under the head of Emmenagogues, where it seems properly to belong. Pills of Myrrh, sulphate of Iron, #\c R. Myrrhae, Ferri sulphatis, aa. 9ij. Potassa? carbonatis, Saponis, aa. 3ss. Fiat massa, in pilulas xl dividenda.—Of which two maybe taken, morning, noon and night. In suppression of the catamenia. Hooper's pills. R, Ferri sulphatis, 9j. Pulveris sennae, ------ jalapae, ------ potassa? bitartratis, aa. 9ss. ------ zingiberis, gr. xij. Syrupi simplicis q. s.—ut fiat massa, in pilulas xxv., dividenda. The patient is directed to take three twice in the day, followed by five or ten drops of the tinctura ferri muriatis in a glass of some bitter infusion. 110 EMMENAGOGTJES. This compound is sold by the apothecaries as a patent medi- cine. Pills of Aloes, sulphate of Iron, fyc. R. Ferri sulphatis exsiccati, 9j. Pulveris aloes, 9ij. ------ caryophylli, gr. v. Terebinthina? venetae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. One to be taken three times a-day. DECOCTIONS, TINCTURES, &c. Decoction of Seneka. R. Radicis senega? contusae, gj. Corticis aurantii, q. s. Aquae, Oj. Let the seneka simmer over a slow fire until the fluid be reduced one- third ; add the orange-peel, cover until cool, and then strain. Dr. Chapman observes—" My rule in the administration of the medicine in these cases, (of amenorrhoea,) is to give about four ounces of the decoction, more or less, during the day, according to the circumstances of the case. But at the time when the men- strual effort is expected to be made, and until the discharge is actually induced, I push the dose as far as the stomach will allow, having given as much as two ounces every hour."—Therapeutics, Vol. II. p. 38. Infusion of Ergot. R. Ergotae contusae, 3ij- Aquae bullientis. f gvj. Fiat infusum.—To be given by spoonsful, in protracted parturition occasioned by deficiency of contractile power in the uterus. For the same purpose the powder may also be given in doses of 9j, as well to assist in arresting uterine hemorrhage, as to pro- mote the expulsion of the placenta. Decoction of Ergot. R. Ergotae, gj. Aquae, Oiis. Boil gradually down to two pints, and give a table-spoonful occa- sionally. Used in the same circumstances as the infusion. EMMENAGOGCES. Ill Tincture of Ergot. R. Ergotae, giiss. Alcoholis diluti, Oj. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. This is the formula used in Guy's Hospital. Dose twenty drops to a drachm. Sirup of Ergot. R. Ergotae, gr. xx. Extracti opii, gr. £. Syrupi, gviij. M.—Dose, an ounce (two table-spoonsful) pro re natd, in engorge- ment of the uterus. Lisfranc. Becoction of Madder. R. Pulveris rubiae tinctor. gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add— Caryophylli contusi, 3j- Signa.—When cool, strain and give a wine-glassful every three hours, a short time before the expected return of the menstrual discharge. See Dewees on Females, p. 74. Mixture of Camphor, eye. R. Camphorae, 9j. Alcoholis, q. s. ut fiat pulvis : dein adde— Pulveris acaciae, 3j- Sacchari, q. s. Aquae cinnamomi, gj. Fiat mistura. This mixture would more properly appear under the head of Narcotics, but as Dr. Dewees considers it particularly efficacious in dysmenorrhcea, we have given it a place with Emmenagogues. He directs "one-half the above draught to be given the instant pain is experienced, and if not relieved in an hour or two, the remainder to be given."—Syst. of Midwifery, p. 158. Tincture of Hellebore. R. Tincturae hellebori nigri, f rj. Signa.—Haifa tea-spoonful three times a-day, gradually increasing the quantity, and watching its effect. 112 EMMENAGOGUES. Tincture of Hellebore, Myrrh, SfC. R. Tincturae hellebori nigri, gss. --------myrrhae, 3J. --------cantharidum, 3ij- Fiat mistura.—Dose, thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little sugar and water. Tincture of Savin, fyc. R. Tinctura? sabinae compositae, gj. --------hellebori nigri, iss. --------castorei, 3'j' Fiat mistura et signa.—To take forty drops three times a-day, in any vehicle. Tincture of Guaiacum, (Dewees.) R, Pulveris guaiaci, t\v. Sodae et potassae carbonatis, 3iss- Pulveris pimentae, gj. Alcoholis diluti, Oj. Misce.—" Digest for a few days.—The volatile spirit of ammonia to be added pro re natd, in the proportion of a drachm or two, to every four ounces of tincture." The above formula is different from that adopted in the Phar- macopoeias, for which reason we have inserted it here. Dr. Dewees remarks that after nearly thirty-five years' experience with this tincture, he has never known it to fail in restoring the suppressed catamenia, when the suppression was an idiopathic disease. He gives it morning, noon and night, in doses of a tea- spoonful in a little sweetened milk; and sometimes in a little Madeira, Sherry, or Teneriffe wine. It is occasionally necessary to continue the medicine for some weeks, on which occasion, the dose must be judiciously augmented.—Syst. of Midwifery, p. 149. Volatile tincture of Guaiacum, 4*c. R. Tincturae guaiaci ammoniatae, fgj. Copaibae, f 3SS. Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful two or three times a-day. In cases of amenorrhcea connected with general debility. EMMENAGOGUES. 113 Saturated tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, 9ij. Alcohol, fgj. Spiritus lavendulae compositi, f 3j« Pulveris acaciae, gss. Aquae, gxvj. Misce et signa.—Two table-spoonsful to be taken morning and even- ing. In taenia. Dr. Frank. The effect of turpentine requires attention, for in some consti- tutions it causes violent strangury in defiance of every precaution. Patients should be put on their guard against this contingency. Enema of Camphor, §-c. R-. Camphorae, 3j- Olei olivae, gij. Misce pro enemate. This preparation is particularly adapted to ascarides, and should be freely thrown up the rectum for three or four successive nights. No remedy is more effectual than this in relieving the intolerable itching caused by those worms. Enemata are the most certain of all remedies in ascarides, they may be made of various substances, such as solution of asa- foetida, of common salt, hepar sulphuris, pure olive oil, soap, aloes, &c, &c. For children, 3ss of aloes should be dissolved in half a gill of water; to this add a table-spoonful of swTeet oil, and administer the half of the mixture going to bed. The other half the next night, if necessary. CLASS IX. EPISPASTICS. " By the ancients, all the external applications which redden or inflame the skin, were called Epispastics, and these were designated according to the several degrees of effect:—the slightest, entitled phcenigmoi; the next, sinapismi; the more active, vesicatorii; and the strongest, cawsfoa." We shall, however, as heretofore, follow the arrangement adopted by Dr. Chapman, and divide them into Rubefacients, Blisters, and Caustics ; and with him, too, we shall first speak of Blisters. As a general rule, blisters should remain on the patient six or eight hours, in order to ensure their full effect. There are indi- viduals, however, whose skins are so delicate, that a shorter application will answer every purpose; in children it is seldom necessary to leave them on longer than three or four hours. When they are applied to the scalp, twelve hours are almost uni- versally required; and Dr. Chapman directs the hair to be shaved, if possible, some hours before the'application is made. The usual dressing, when a blister is taken off, is basilicon ointment, or simple cerate, according to the urgency of the case, or irritability of the system. In order to keep it open, the weak epispastic, or savin ointment, will be found sufficient. In acute disease, these remedies ought never to precede those means which have a tendency to reduce inflammatory action. It is generally admitted, that otherwise employed, they do harm; although there are individuals of acknowledged experience who say " they can bring a patient to the blistering point at pleasure," and in pleurisy, and some other acute diseases, apply them soon after a free bleeding. Blisters should be placed as near the affected part as possible. In fevers they are usually put on the 122 EPISPASTICS. inside of the forearms or legs, back of the neck, or between the shoulders. When the system is very prostrate, they should be applied to the inside of the thighs, or the last two places mentioned: for when the circulation is languid in the extremities, they seldom draw well, and are even liable to produce gangrene by exhausting the little vitality that remains. When, from peculiarity of constitution, strangury is produced by them, we must take them off after 3 or 4 hours, and bathe the part with sweet oil, or apply a poultice, giving at the same time diluent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or barley water, w?ith the sweet spirits of nitre; camphor or parsley tea; bladders also half filled with warm water should be applied to the pubes. An opium suppository or injection will be found very advantageous. A poultice of ground flaxseed or starch is often serviceable, and a warm bath affords prompt relief. Prevention, however, is better than cure ; and in irritable constitutions, or in persons disposed to strangury, the blistering ointment, before being spread, should be rubbed up with three or four grains of opium and three or four times as much camphor, before it is spread. This preventive seldom fails. Blisters are rendered much less irritating by cover- ing them with a fine gauze, which, if it be pressed in close contact with the plaster, will not prevent or materially retard its operation. It is seldom necessary to keep a blister on longer than to redden the skin, when a simple poultice will complete the vesication, In children this precaution is imperative. Epispastic ointment. R. Cera? flava?, * Resinae, Adipis, aa. 3vj- Melt over a slow fire, and when at the temperature of 98° add slowly— Pulveris cantharidum, 3V0SS' Misce, et fiat unguentum. If the cantharides be united with the melted plaster before it is partially cooled, they are liable to be injured by the heat. In employing this ointment, the margin of the blister should be covered with adhesive plaster, in order to confine it to its place, and prevent its creating unnecessary irritation. Another mode is to draw straps across it diagonally, which plan we generally pre- fer; it prevents the blister from rising in the middle, and thereby partially defeating its object. * RUBEFACIENTS. 123 It is mentioned in Paris's Pharmacologia, that the flies may be deprived of their power of producing strangury by first boiling them in water. RUBEFACIENTS. The substances called Rubefacients not unfrequently vesicate on very delicate skins. The term, therefore, is relative. They are employed for the same purpose as blisters, and are often good substitutes for them. | . i Plaster of Mercurial ointment, Camphor, . tissues; "never causing violent pain in the affected parts,.or any ' kind of irritative fever, or disorder of the digestive organs." Hancke directs the following formula as a lotion: B.. Zinci chloridi, gr. ij. Aqua? destillatae, fgj. Misce.—Applied on lint to chronic and indolent ulcers. "The chloride of zinc may be applied as a caustic by means of a moistened hair pencil, either alone or mixed with an equal portion of oxide of zinc, or sulphate of lime, or according to the following form: Canquoin's caustic paste. R. Zinci chloridi, partem, j. Farina?, partem, iss. Antimonii butyri, partem, ss. Aquae, q. s. Ut fiat pasta." Dunglison's New Remedies, p. 492. Caustic paste of chloride of zinc. R. Zinci chloridi, Sulphatis calcis, aa. gss. Misce.—This preparation is very liable to deliquescence, to prevent which a little flower may be added at the time of applying it. MINERAL ACIDS. The mineral acids are all escharotics, though seldom employed, on account of the difficulty of managing fluids when used in this way. JYitric acid much diluted, is sometimes applied to foul ulcers in warm weather, to destroy the animalculse which are apt to be generated in such sores. Solution of Muriate of Ammonia, $c. R. Ammonia? muriaii?, gj. Acetici destillati, f 3ij. Aquae, riv. Fiat solutio.—To be applied to venereal warts.. Bell on Venereal. CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS. 143 JJ'hite oxide of Arsenic, or Arsenious acid. R. Acidi arseniosi, 9j. Aquae, fgij. Fiat solutio. This solution is occasionally applied to cancerous sores, and was formerly used in a powder or paste as an empirical remedy. But it is now seldom employed, from the circumstance of its pro- ducing constitutional irritation. Sir Astley Cooper mentions cases in which, from its absorption when applied to open sores, partial if not complete paralysis of the limbs was the consequence. Ointment of Arsenic. R. Acidi arseniosi, 3j- Adipis, Cerati cetacci, aa. 3vj- Melt the cerate and lard over a slow fire, and then pour it on the white oxide of arsenic, and triturate it in.a glass mortar until it is inti- mately united. Pliarm. Chirurg.—For cancers, &c. In hot weather, arsenic may be advantageously rubbed up with basilicon, to prevent its spreading on the sound parts. A scruple of the one to half an ounce of the other, makes a strong ointment. The same care is required in its use as in using the solution. Dubois's Arsenical powder. R. Acidi arseniosi, 5SS- Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, gj. Resinae pterocarpi, gss. Fiat pulvis.—Chiefly used in the French hospitals as a caustic to can- cerous affections. Ratier. Arsenic is sometimes applied in the form of a paste made with water, which is carefully laid over the part to be removed, and renewed according to circumstances. When the slough forms, it should be dressed with a poultice, or with cerate spread on lint. It acts rapidly and requires watching, a remark that applies equally to all these pastes. 144 STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &C. MOXA. This is another mode of using the actual cautery; and, as it is engaging the attention of physicians, we insert the usual mode of applying it. The Chinese employ this remedy by means of the Mugwort. They separate this soft, lanuginous substance by beat- ing, and form it into a cone ; the base of this is attached, by being wetted, to the skin, and the point set on fire. Dr. Boyle recommends dipping cotton in a strong solution of nitrate of potash, and enclosing pieces of it thoroughly dried in paper cylinders, about one inch in diameter, and another inch in height. Dr. Burne employs wood in a state of dry-rot, touch- wood. This only requires to be shaped properly, and burns, he says, with certainty and steadiness, and is preferable to the other modes suggested; some of which, as common cotton, or lint, requiring the use of the bellows, and when they have been dipped in nitre, demanding care to prevent the scintillations from injuring the surrounding parts. The cylinders or cones of touch-wood, may be confined to the skin by a little adhesive plaster fixed to the edges. It has been proposed to place pieces of cold iron in the neigh- bourhood of the part while the moxa is burning, in order to render the sensations more vague, and therefore less painful. Moxa is used in diseases of the spine, paralysis, &c. &c. STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &c. Ointment of Red precipitate. R. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, 3J- Terebinthinae veneta?, gj. Fiat unguentum. This preparation is applied to indolent sores, and is thought, by some practitioners, to be a specific in itch. Write precipitate. R. Hydrargyri ammoniati, gr. xv. Potassae nitratis, 3ss. Sulphuris, 3j- Bene terantur et adde— ^ Adipis, gij. Fiat unguentum. STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &C. 145 This ointment has long been celebrated in the cure of itch. Solution of Phosphoric acid. R. Acidi phosphorici, f3j. Aquae destillatae, f gviij. Fiat solutio. Dr. Lentin, a German physician, has employed this solution on compresses applied to ulcers situated over carious bones.—Spil- lan's supplement to the British Pharmacopoeias. Corrosive sublimate and Lime-water. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. j vel iij. Aquae calcis, fgj. Fiat solutio et signa.—The yellow wash. For ordinary purposes one grain to the ounce will be sufficient. In phagedenic and venereal ulcers. Calomel and Lime-water. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3j- Aqua? calcis, f giv. Misce et signa.—The black wash. This prescription is used in the same cases as the other. The red-oxide in that, and the black-oxide of mercury in this, are pre- cipitated by the lime-water. They are sometimes administered in the form of injections in gleet and gonorrhoea. Anti-psoric lotion of Dupuytren. R. Potassii sulphureti, 3W. Aquae, Oj. Acidi sulphurici, f3'v- Misce.—To be applied two or three times a-day on the parts covered with the pustules, and with this treatment the simple bath is con- joined. Lotion of Myrrh. R. Tincturae myrrhae, Liquoris calcis, aa. f ±j- Misce. 146 ISSUES AND SETONS. This lotion is recommended by Dr. Kirkland for removing fungous flesh. Powder of Verdigris and Calomel. R. Cupri acetatis, Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. 9j. Fiat pulvis subtillisimus.—For chancres and indolent ulcers. Powdered Rhubarb, $c. R. Pulveris rhei, -------ipecacuanha?, aa. 3J« Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sarcomatous and watery tumours. Rhubarb alone forms an excellent application to indolent ulcers. Powder of Savin, $c* R. Pulveris sabinae, ------ cupri acetatis, aa. 3J- Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sores accompanied with fungous ex- crescences. Ointment with Carbonate of Ammonia, fyc. R. Ammonia? carbonatis, 3ss. Unguenti simplicis, gss. Fiat unguentum.—Applied to indolent ulcers of a scrofulous cha- racter. ISSUES AND SETONS. These remedies are employed as substitutes for blisters, espe- cially when a permanent discharge is desired. There are three kinds of issues in common use, by either of which we may procure a discharge of purulent matter for any length of time that may be requisite. They are applied in different situations, according to circumstances, and some one of the fol- lowing parts is generally chosen: the nape of the neck; the hollow of the deltoid muscle, and between the shoulders or over the ribs in front; in the inferior extremities they are most conveniently formed in the inside of the leg, either above or below the knee. ISSUES AND SETONS. 147 1. Blister issue. To form this issue it is merely necessary to apply a blister to any part in the usual manner; the skin being thus removed, the discharge must be promoted by means of stimulating ointments, as unguen- tum cantharidum, ung. basilici, ung. sabinae, etc. These may be alternated with mild liniments, in order to prevent the ulceration and consequent discharge from becoming excessive. 2. The pea issue. There are two modes of forming this issue; the first is made by means of a lancet; the part is merely taken in the thumb and finger, and an incision made by passing the lancet through the skin. The wound should be kept open by means of orange peas, the common pea, a bean, or a bit of orris root. The following extracts from the Surgeon1 s Vade Mecum, will exemplify the manner of forming the issue with caustic :— " The part is first to be covered with a piece of adhesive plaster, in the centre of which a circular hole has been cut of the size of the intended issue; in this hole the caustic kali pur um, made into a paste with soap, is to be placed. The whole is then to be covered with another plaster, secured by a bandage, and suffered to remain for ten or twelve hours. Generally in two or three days an eschar begins to separate, when the opening should be filled with the substance made choice of." These substances are enumerated above. 3. The seton. To form this artificial discharge, take the seton needle, to which is attached a skein of silk, the latter being partially anointed with some oleaginous substance. The needle is to be passed completely through the part chosen for the operation, after which it is removed, and the ends of the silk left hanging from the wound. It should be dressed every day, or twice a-day, with some mild ointment; and if this be not sufficient to keep up the discharge, the more stimu- lating unguents may be used, as mentioned when speaking of the blister issue. 148 BOUGIES. BOUGIES. Although directions for forming bougies may appear out of place under this head, yet as country physicians are often obliged to make these articles, we insert the following formulae. R. Cera? alba?, gxvj. Terebinthina? venetae, ^iss. Olei olivae, f gi. Melt the wax and turpentine over a slow fire, and then add the oil. Bougie with Red lead. R. Olivae olei, Oj. Cera? flavae, gx. Plumbi oxidi rubri, rxv. Boil over a slow fire until the minimum is perfectly dissolved, which will be in about four or six hours. Dr. Swediuur's bougie. R. Cera? flavae, Jf^j. Cetacei, 3iij> Plumbi acetatis, ^v. These are to be boiled like the former until the composition is of a proper consistence for forming bougies. Sharp,s bougie. R. Emplastri plumbi cum resina abietis, gij. Hydragyri, gj. Antimonii sulphureti, gss. The quicksilver to be previously dissolved in balsam of sulphur or in honey, and added to the plaster when melted in a moderate heat. Bell on Venereal. In order to form a bougie, a slip of linen an inch in width at one end, and an inch and a quarter at the other, and from ten to twelve inches long, must be dipped into the melted composition, taking care that it be evenly applied; it is then to be carefully folded BOUGIES. 149 up into the proper longitudinal shape, and rolled firmly between two marble slabs till perfectly smooth and even.—Pharmacop. Chirurgica. The caustic bougie is made by simply rolling in the centre of the wax bougie, at the extremity, a small piece of lunar or com- mon caustic. The former is more manageable, and therefore generally preferred. Bougies are somtimes dipped in basilicon or mercurial ointment, oil of turpentine, &c, in order to render them more stimulating when employed in the treatment of gleet, &c. 14 CLASS X. STIMULANTS. In the use of stimulants, it is for the most part advisable to begin with small doses, and augment them as circumstances may require. There are cases^ however, in which it is necessary to give them plentifully ab initio. It will be often requisite to change not only the stimulating substance, but the part of the body to which it is applied; thus when the stomach fails, the rectum and skin may be acted upon with advantage. PILLS, POWDERS, &c. Pills of Camphor, Cantharides, $c. R. Pulveris cantharidis, gr>, xviij. ------ opii, ------ camphorae, aa. gr. xxxvj. Conservae rosarum, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xxxvj.—Of which one may be taken every night going to bed. In impotency from general debility. Pills of red iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, gr. ss vel gr. j. Extracti juniperi vel glycyrrhizae, q. s. Divide in pilulas viij et signa.—Two in the morning and two at night; dose to be gradually and caustiously augmented. STIMULANTS. 151 Pills of iodide of mercury may be made in the same proportions and given in the same doses. In scrofula. Pills of Turpentine and Guaise. R. Pulveris guaiaci, 3j« Terebinthina? venetae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xv et signa.—One three times a-day. These pills have a powerful effect upon the urinary organs. They are employed in gleet and leucorrhcea, but frequently pro- duce strangury. Pills of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris capsici, 3j- Micae panis, Aquae destillatae, aa. q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xij et signa.—One three or four times a-day. In de- bility of the stomach, from intemperance. Aromatic Pills. R. Ammonia? carbonatis, Capsici, Caryophylli, Macis, aa. 9j. Olei carui, gtt. v. Extracti gentianae, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx. One every two hours in gout of the stomach. Dr. Parr is fi. Tincture of Cantharides, (§-c R. Rhei contusae, 3iss. Guaiaci, gr. xlv. Gummi laccae, 3ss. Cantharidum contusarum, 3J- Alcoholis, f gxij. Fiat infusum, et cola. Dose from thirty to fifty drops, night and morning, in a draught of water. In gleet. From the active nature of these articles, we recommend caution in the use of them. 152 STIMULANTS. Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia, $c. R. Ammonia? carbonatis, 3'iss. Pulveris sacchari, ------ acaciae, aa. 3>ss- Spiritus lavendula? compositi, f^ij. Aquae destillatae, vel menthae, f gjv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, every two or three hours. If desirable, tinct. opii, gtt. xl vel 1 may be added to the mixture. Draught with Valerian and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Valerianae, 9j. Ammonia? carbonatis, gr. x. Aqua? cinnamomi, fgij. Fiat haustus.—To be taken every fourth hour. In nervous headache, and depression of spirits. Mixture of Cubebs, «.yc. R. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij. Soda? carbonatis, 3ss. Mucilaginis acacia?, f ^vj. Aquae menthae, f gvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—Take a table-spoonful every hour and a-half. Mixture of Oxide of Bismuth, Cubebs, $c, \l. Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij. Bismuthi subnitratis, 3«s. Mucilaginis acaciae, fgss. Syrupi, fjjvj. Aquae, f ^vj. Fiat mistura et signa.—Take a table-spoonful four times a-day. We have extracted the two preceding prescriptions from a pa- per of Mr. John Fosbroke, surgeon, Chittenham. See Medical Recorder, for April, 1825. They are recommended, with other similar compounds, in va- rious affections of the mucous membranes; viz: of the bowels bladder, trachea, &c. STIMULANTS. 153 Camphorated Enema. R. Enematis communis, Oij. Camphorae, 3ij- Vitellis unius ovi. Misce. One-fourth part to be thrown up the rectum in the treatment of putrid fevers, pro re natd. M. Chaussier,, Antiseptic pills. R. Camphorae, Potassa? nitratis, Pulveris acaciae, aa.. 9j. Mix, and divide into pills of four grains each.—Dose two pills every hour or two hours. Draught with Powdered Ginger, §-e. R. Pulveris zingiberis, gr. xv. Ammonia? carbonatis, gr. viij. Spiritus cinnamomi, f 5U- Aquae, f giss. Misce.—To be taken at once. In gout or cramp of the stomach.. Camphor mixture, R. Camphorae, 3j« Pulveris acaciae, ------ sacchari albi, aa. 3iss° Tincturae opii, gtt. xl. Aquae menthae, f ^iv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hour;* In reducing camphor to powder, (which must be done before it can be formed into a mixture, it is necessar}- to add to it a few drops of alcohol. Camphor in Milk. R. Camphorae, 3j- Lactis bullientis,'f3iv. Fiat solutio.—This preparation may be taken in the manner directed for the former one. 14* 154 STIMULANTS. Camphor Julep. R. Camphorae, 3j- Aquae bullientis, f gviij. Fiat mistura.—This preparation should be set aside in a covered ves- sel for half an hour, and then strained. A table-spoonful for a dose pro re natd. Camphor with Magnesia. R. Camphorae pulverizatae, 3j. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ij< Aquae,Oj. Fiat mistura. This prescription answers the same purpose as the former. It is considered a more eligible preparation, and is given in the same doses. It should be allowed to settle, and the clear liquor, which is slightly impregnated with the camphor, decanted for use. Camphor with Myrrh. R. Camphorae pulverizatae, 3j. Pulveris myrrha?, 3ss. ------ sacchari, 3'j- x\quae, f gvj. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours. Mixture with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthina?, gtt. cxx. Pulveris acaciae, Sacchari albi, aa. 3ij. Tincturae opii, gtt. lx. -------lavendulae compositae, f 3ij. Aquae menthae, f gv. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every two hours. This remedy has gained great reputation in some of the low forms of fever. The author once employed it in the dose pre- scribed above, in passive hemorrhage from the bowels with com- STIMULANTS. 155 plete success; and in hemorrhage from the bladder, resulting from low fever, it has been given with equal advantage. Linclus with Oil of Turpentine. R. Olei terebinthina?, f3ij. Mellis optimi, fgj. Fiat linctus.—Dose a tea-spoonful night and morning, with a draught of warm tea. In sciatica. Emulsion of Phosphorus. R. Phosphori puri, gr. ij. Mucilaginis acacia?, q. s. Let these articles be carefully and effectually triturated in a mortar, and add gradually as much distilled water as will make an emulsion of ±vj. then add— Syrupi simplicis, fgj. Liquoris Hoffmani anodyni, gtt. xxx. Fiat mistura.—Of which the usual dose is a table-spoonful every two, three or four hour? This preparation was originally made by the celebrated Hufe- land, and is now taken from Dr. Chapman's Therapeutics, p. 176, vol. 2. As the violence of the remedy, and its very great power, are generally known to physicians, we need hardly repeat the necessity there is for the greatest caution in its administration. It is sometimes given in sweet oil, but this is said to be ex- tremely nauseous. The solution in ether (aether phosphoratus) contains about three grains of phosphorus to the ounce, and is given in dose of five or ten drops every three or four hours. There is also a saturated ethereal tincture, which is much stronger, and is now seldom prescribed. It contains six or eight grains to the ounce of ether. Mixture of camphor and Guaiacum. R. Tincturae opii camphoratae, -------Guaiaci ammoniatae, aa. f 3J. Fiat mistura, et signa.—Two tea-spoonsful every two hours. In mis- placed and retrocedent gout. 156 STIMULANTS. Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn. R. Spiritus ammonia? aromatici, f3'j< Signa.—Ten or twenty drops to be given in a wine-glassful of water, pro re natd. In sudden exhaustion from any cause. Mustard seed. R. Seminum sinapis albi, gj. Signa.—A tea-spoonful of the unbruised seeds two or three times a-day. They are beneficial in costive habits, when the constipation depends upon a torpid state of the muscular coat of the intestines.—Paris on Diet, p. 187. Infusion of Sassafras, fyc. R. Corticis sassafras, gss. Radicis glycyrrhizae, 3'j« Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum et signa.—One half may be taken in the morning, and the other half in the evening. Recommended highly by the Germans in diseases of a scrofu- lous character.—Hvfeland. Mustard whey. R. Lactis vaccina?, Oj. Seminum sinapis contus: rj. Simmer until the caseous part separates, then strain, and add— Vini albi, f gvj. Signa,—A draught of this whey may be taken every hour or two in low fever and in debilitated stomach. Wine whey. R. Lactis vaccinae, Oss. Vini albi, (Madeira,) f 2j vel 2ij. Boil the milk and then add the wine. There are few mild stimulants more employed, or more useful than wine whey. Dr. Chapman speaks of it as possessing a kindred action with carbonate of ammonia. The dose to be STIMULANTS. 157 regulated by the circumstances of the case; from four ounces to ten or more during the day. Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Pulveris capsici, 3'ss- Aquae bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusum et signa.—A table-spoonful for a close in severe colic, or gout in the stomach. For the external use of it, see Rubefacients. ' Infusion of Cloves. R. Caryophylli contusi, 3j. Aquae bullientis, Oss. Fiat infusum et signa.—To be employed in the same cases, and in similar doses as the former. This preparation is also very useful as an adjunct to bark in intermittent fever. An Infusion of Ginger. Is also an excellent stomachic, and may be employed with great benefit in debility of the stomach and bowels. Mixture with Wine, §-c. R. Vitellum, Ov. ij. Olei cinnamomi, gtt. xx. Misce, et adde— Vini albi, (Madeira.) Aqua? cinnamomi, aa. f riij. ---- destillatae, f gij. Sacchari albi, 3'j- Misce.—Three spoonsful for a dose. During convalescence from low fevers. CLASS XI. NARCOTICS. Narcotics have been denominated sedatives, from their power of diminishing action; anodynes, from their capability of alle- viating pain; and hypnotics, or soporifics, from their power of inducing sleep. A few words only will be necessary as general rules for their administration, and any peculiarities that individuals of the class may possess will be noticed under the appropriate prescriptions. It is well known they possess the power of fulfilling two indications; namely, of exciting and depressing the nervous energy. To obtain the first of these results, it is necessary to begin with small doses, and repeat them frequently; while in order to arrive at the second, a full dose must be given, and not resorted to again for a considerable length of time. We should also bear in mind that the system very soon becomes habituated to their action, and the doses must be continually enlarged when it is neces- sary to maintain their impression. The difference between the susceptibility to their action when the body is in a morbid or healthy condition, should not be overlooked. PILLS. R. Pulveris opii, gr. xij. Saponis albi, q. s. Misce et divide in pilulas, xij.—Of which one is the ordinary dose to produce sleep. In equal weights of powdered and soft opium, the former is much the more powerful, the latter containing a considerable pro- NARCOTICS. 159 portion of water. This should be recollected in directing the medicine in the form of pills. An opium pill that has been made long enough to become per- fectly hard and dry, will be retained by an irritable stomach when a fresh one would be rejected. Pills of Lupulin. R. Lupulina?, 3ss. Contunde in mortario, et divide in pilulas x. Signa.—Two pills may be given for a dose, and the quantity doubled if necessary. This substance, we are told by Dr. Ives, contains all the active properties of the hop. It is slightly narcotic, and is serviceable in irritable stomach. The lupulin is sometimes administered in powder, with two parts of white sugar. Pills of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Morphiae sulphatis, gr. iij. Conservae rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae, xij. Signa.—One may be given for a dose, pro re natd. One grain of either of the salts of morphia, is usually estimated as equal to four of opium; so that a pill of the above prescription will be equivalent to a grain of opium. The acetate and muriate of morphia are prepared in the same way, and given in the same dose. Pills of Lactucurium. R. Lactucarii, gr. xij. Divide in pilulas, vj. Signa.—One for a dose, to be repeated in two hours, if sleep be not procured. The inspissated juice of the garden lettuce is said to act as a direct sedative, lessening the frequency of the pulse, diminishing the natural heat, and procuring sleep, without inducing the sub- sequent distressing effects which follow the use of opium. The thridace of the French appears to be prepared by a.different 160 NARCOTICS. process from that employed in the preparation of the British lac- tucarium. The former is not so highly esteemed in this country as the latter. Pills of Hyoscyamus and Ipecacuanha. R. Extracti hyoscyami nigri, gr. x. Pulveris ipecacuanha?, gr. v. Misce et divide in pilulas x.—One every hour or two until relief is pro- cured, watching the effect. In flatulence and irritability of the bowels. Pills of Opium, Hyoscyamus, $c. R. Pulveris opii, gr. iv. Extracti hyoscyami, -------conii, aa.. gr. xv. Fiat massa in pilulas x dividenda.—One every night when an ano- dyne is required. Pills of Extract of Hyoscyamus. R. Extracti hyoscyami nigri, 9j. Divide in pilulas x.—Of which one may be given every four hours, increasing the dose if necessary. This medicine, which is employed as a substitute for opium, does not constipate the bowels. Pills of Extract of Stramonium. R. Extracti stramonii, 3ss. Divide in pilulas xv. et signa.—One three times a-day. The powdered leaves and seeds are also prescribed in similar doses.— Vide Expectorants. Opiate Confection. R. Confectionis opii, 3SS« To be given for a dose.—One grain of opium is contained in forty- three grains of the Edinburgh confection. NARCOTICS. 161 Pills of Extract of Conium. R. Extracti conii, 3j- Pulveris, conii, q. s.; ut fiat massa in pilulas xx dividenda. One of these pills night and morning, may be taken at the commence- ment, gradually increasing them to two, three, four or more, as the patient can bear them. The efficacy of narcotic plants is influenced by soil, climate, exposure, and cultivation; and the extracts by the season when the plants are gathered, and the mode of preparing them. Physi- cians would do well therefore to make themselves acquainted with the quality of the article they prescribe, inasmuch as there may be a fatal difference between two parcels of different ages, modes of preparation, &c.—Vide Journal of the Philadelphia Col- lege of Pharmacy, Vol. 2. On JVarcotic Extracts. Pills of Camphor. R. Camphorae, 3ss. Acaciae, Alcoholis, aa. q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xv.—Dose, a pill every two or three hours. Pills of Opium, Digitalis, Succi conii spissati, 3j. Pulveris conii, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xlviij dividenda, These pills contain the same quantity of mercury as the former, and may be given in the same number, and for the same purpose. Pills of Acetate of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri acetatis, Mannae, Pulveris acaciae, aa. 9j. Aqua? rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae, xx. Of which let three be taken every nighty till a gentle ptyalism is excited. This preparation is said to be the mildest of the mercurial salts, and is less apt to disturb the bowels; but it is believed to be less efficacious in arresting the venereal disease. The effect of the mercurial preparations upon children is some- times very serious, and even fatal. So powerful upon them is the action of this medicine, that a profuse or even gentle salivation, will sometimes produce mortification and destruction to the jaw, cheek and lip. This however, does not often happen; but to avoid it the gums should be frequently and carefully examined. 17* SIALAGOGUES. It is, nevertheless, a fact, that a disease precisely similar in all its features occasionally attacks children who are badly clothed and fed, though no mercury has been given to them. Solution of Cyanuret of Mercury. IL Hydrargyri cyanureti, gr. viij. Aquae, Oj. Fiat solutio.—This is the Liqueur anti-syphililique of Chaussier, who prefers it to corrosive sublimate on account of its greater solu- bility and more speedy action. By giving a tea-spoonful of the solution we give one eighth of a grain of the cyanuret, which may be repeated morning, noon and night, watching its effects. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. <& Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. v. Confectionis rosae, q. s, Ut fiant pilulae, xxx. Each pill will contain the sixth of a grain, which may be given three times a-day. Double the quantity (two pills) is sometimes admi- nistered at first, but care should be taken not to push it too far. Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. '&. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. ij vel gr. iij. Extracti opii, gr. ij. Lactucarii, gr. xij. Extracti guaiaci. gr. xxiv. Misce, et fiant pilulae xxiv.-Given by M. Ricord in the syphilis of children. He directs one pill for a child six months old, and two, three, or four pills for older children. Dunglison's New Rem. p. 280. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, gr. j. Extracti juniperi, gr. xij. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae, viij .-In adult patients Magendie directs two to be given morning and evening, to be increased to three or four. Dunglison, ut supra. SIALAGOGUES. 179 Pills with Calomel, Camphor, &,-c. ft. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, Camphorae, aa. 9j. Pulveris opii, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xx. Signa.—One or two to be taken morning, noon and night, when calo- mel by itself causes purging. Blue Mercurial pills. R. Pilulae hydrargyri, 3ss. Divide in pilulas, xij. Signa.—One may be taken three or four times a-day, according to circumstances. If they should occasion purging, pulv. opii. gr. ss. may be added to each pill. The mass directed in the American Pharma- copoeia contains one grain of mercury in every two and a half grains. One grain is contained in four of the Edinburgh, and in three of the London and Dublin Pharmacopoeias. Powder of Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha. R. Hydrargyri cum creta, 9j. Pulveris ipecacuanha?, 9ss. Fiant chartulae, vj. Signa.—One night and morning in sirup. Commended by Dr. Paris, in dyspepsia in which the biliary secretion is impaired. He prefers it under these circumstances to every other form of mercury. Compound Powder of Sulphate of Mercury. B. Hydrargyri sulphatis flavi, gr. j. Pulveris asari, 3iss- Misce et divide in chartulas, viij. Sjgna.—One of these may be used as an Errhine, morning and evening. In gutta serena, ozoena, and after the removal of polypk 180 SIALAGOGUES. Pills of the Red oxide of Mercury. R. Oxidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. j. Pulveris opii, gr. j. Olei caryophilli, gtt. ij. Fiant pilulae iij et signa.—One pill every night for a week. In vene- real cases. This preparation in a stronger formula, was used by the cele- brated John Hunter; but from its harshness it is now generally superseded by milder medicines. Mixture with Corrosive sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij. Aquae destillatae, f gvj. Spiritus cinnamomi, Syrupi, aa. f 3J. Misce.—Dose one or two large spoonsful, twice or thrice a-day. In venereal cases. Solution of Corrosive sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. xvj. Alcoholis, f 5ss. Aquae, Oj. Misce.—This is the celebrated Liquor of Van Swieten, who directs half an ounce of it to be taken morning and evening, in milk, solu- tion of gum or sirup. Its use requires the utmost caution. In venereal affections. Spirituous solution of Corrosive sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. j vel ij. Alcohol, diluti, f giv. Solve.—Of which a table-spoonful, night and morning, may be taken in a draught of decoction of Sarsaparilla. The muriate of mercury is decidedly preferred by some physi- cians in the treatment of syphilis. John Hunter was of opinion, however, that the disease is more liable to recur, after its use than when some of the other preparations have been employed. SIALAGOGUES. 151 Strong Mercurial ointment. R. Unguenti hydrargyri fortis, gj. One drachm of this ointment to be rubbed on the inside of the thighs, before the fire. Some physicians recommend the warm bath before using this ointment, while others consider it useless. We think the prac- tice occasionally beneficial. The hands of the person rubbing it on should be enveloped in a bladder, or gloves made of oiled silk. Strong Mercurial ointment with Camphor. R. Unguenti hydrargyri fortis, gj. Camphorae, 3j- Misce.—To be employed as the former. Masticatory with Pellitory, <$c. R. Pulveris pyrethri, Resinae mastichi, aa. 3J- Let these be dissolved together by a moderate application of heat: then divide the mass into two equal parts. One of these lumps may be chewed at pleasure. In toothach, and paralytic affections of the tongue. Mixture of Pellitory, Opium, fyc. R, Radicis pyrethri contusae, gss. Aceti destillati, f gvj. Opii, gr. iij. Digest in a sand bath for an hour et signa.—A spoonful to be held in the mouth and frequently renewed. Used in the same cases as the former. There are several other substances, such as polygala senega, nitric acid, &c, which occasionally excite salivation; but they are seldom employed for that purpose. 182 SIALAGOGUES. Mercurial Lotion of Corrosive sublimate. R. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 3j- Aquae, f gvj. Solve et adde— Ammonia? muriatis, 3ij- Potassae nitratis, gss. Fiat lotio.—Principally used as a wash in itch. Good's Study of Med. vol. iv. Antacrid tincture. R. Guaiaci pulveris, gj. Balsami canadensis, gj. Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 9j. Olei sassafras, f3ij- Spiritus vini rectificati, f gviij. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in one-half the spirit, and then add to it the other ingredients.—Of this from ten to twenty drops may be taken morning and evening, in wine or water. This form of exhibiting corrosive sublimate is employed by Dr. Emerson and other practitioners of this city, in lues venerea, &c. Ointment of Red precipitate, «^c. R. Oxidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. x. Zinci sulphatis, 9j, Adipis, gij. Fiat unguentum. Recommended by Professor Dupuytren in obstinate chronic ophthalmia depending on a scrofulous diathesis. Anti-herpetic Ointment. R. Hydrargyri sulphatis flavi, 3j. Tincturae opii, f3j. Sulphuris sublimati, 3ss. Adipis, gj. Fiat unguentum.-—In herpes, alternated with the simple water bath. SIALAGOGUES. 183 Ointment of red iodide of Mercury. R. Hydrargyri iodidi rubri, gr. xv. Adipis, gij. Olei limonis, gtt. xx. Fiat unguentum. This ointment has been found highly efficacious in syphilitic tubercles, and chronic ulceration of a syphilitic character, but its great activity requires close attention. The following formula, which is much less active, may be employed with less incon- venience. R. Hydrargyri iodidi, 3ss. Adipis, giss. Olei limonis, gtt. xv. Fiat unguentum.—Syphilitic ulcerations which have resisted a variety of remedies, have cicatrized rapidly under the use of this ointment. Ratier. Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. Rr. Hydrargyri cyanureti, gr. xvj. Adipis, gj. Essentia? citri medicae, gtt. xv. Fiat unguentum.—In herpes, attended by inflammation and itching. CLASS XIV. TONICS. Those medicines are denominated Tonics which impart strength to the system, without subjecting it to any preternatural excite- ment during their operation. They stimulate, however, in a secondary manner, by gradually increasing the force of the circu- lation, and by restoring the digestive and secretory functions to a more healthy state. Considerable perseverance is often necessary in giving any one of this class a fair trial; and when one fails. we may often resort with success to another: much also may sometimes be gained by alternating them. POWDERS, &c. Powder of Peruvian Bark. R. Pulveris cinchona?, gj. A drachm (about a tea-spoonful) to be taken every hour in port-wine, water, or milk, during the intermission of fever. Some practitioners suspend the bark till within a few hours of the expected paroxysm; and a few others administer it during the hot stage of the disease. It is better to commence immediately after the paroxysm has ended, and give a dose every hour, untii the expected period of its return; and to continue it in smaller quantities for several days. Powder of Peruvian bark and Cloves, R. Pulveris cinchona?, Potassa? bitartratis, aa.. gj. Pulveris caryophilli, 3j- Misce.—Dose a drachm and a half every second hour. TONICS. 185 This compound will sometimes succeed when the bark alone fails. Powder of Peruvian bark and Sulphate of Magnesia. R. Pulveris cinchona?, Magnesiae sulphatis, aa. 3vj. Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes aequales iv.—One to be taken every two hours, when purging is required. Powder of Peruvian bark, Snake root, <^c. R. Pulveris cinchona?, gss. -------serpentariae, 3j> Sodae bicarbonatis, gr. 9ij. Divide in chartulas iv et signa.—One to be given every two hours. In obstinate intermittents. If the bark should purge when given alone, a little opium may be added ; when it oppresses the stomach, cloves, as in a former prescription; if costiveness should follow, rhubarb, or sulphate of magnesia. The alkali in the above preparation will correct acidity. Powder of Auguslura bark. R. Pulveris cuspariae, gss. Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day, in water or any other vehicle. This bark has been successfully administered in uterine hemor- rhage. Powder of carbonate of Iron. R. Ferri subcarbonatis, 3j. Divide in chartulas vj. et signa.—One every six hours in molasses. Chorea, neuralgia, &c. The dose may be carried as far as 3ss. every four or six hours. but must sometimes be preceded by antiphlogistic treatment. 17 186 TONICS. Powder of Colombo, Ginger, §c. R. Pulveris colombae, --------ferri subcarbonatis, --------rhei, --------zingiberis, aa. 3j- Misce, et fiant doses xij.—One to be taken three times a-day, in mo- lasses. Powder of Colomba and Tartrate of Iron. R. Ferri et potassa? tartratis, 9ij. Pulveris colombae, 3ss. Fiant pulveres iv et signa.—One every three or four hours, in sirup. Powder with Rust of Iron, §c. R. Ferri sulphatis, ^ij. Ferri subcarbonatis, 3iss. Divide in pulveres xij et signa.—One to be taken morning, noon and night, in sirup or molasses. Pills of Protocarbonate of Iron. R. Ferri protocarbonatis, 3j- Ferri subcarbonatis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae xx, et signa.—A pill to be taken morning, noon and night. This is one of the latest and best formula? for the chalybeate preparations. The pills as above directed are perhaps too large for convenience; a difficulty that can be easily obviated by further sub- division. Lactate of Iron. This salt of iron has lately been introduced into the pharmacopoeia, but it has no obvious advantage over the ordinary preparations.— The dose is from gr. v to 9j. Pills of Cinchona and Camphor. R. Extracti cinchona?, 3j> --------opii, gr.j. Camphorae, gr. xij. Pulveris cinchona?, q. s. Ut fiant filulae xij.—One to be taken three or four times a-day. Ratier. TONICS. 187 Powder of Prussiate of Iron and Guaiacum. R. Ferri ferrocyanureti, Pulveris guaiaci, aa. 3SS vel 3j. Misce et divide in chartulas xij et signa.—One three times a-day. In obstinate intermittents. Pills of Extract of Bark, fyc. R. Extracti cinchona?, ------- gentianae, aa. 3J- Ferri sulphatis, 3ss. Pulveris myrrhae, 3j- Olei carui, gtt. x. Syrupi zingiberis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae lx. Signa.—Three to be taken three times a-day. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc. R. Quinia? sulphatis, gr. xv vel xxx. Mucilaginis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xv. Signa.—One to be given every hour in the apyrexia of intermittent fever. In prescribing quinia in the apyrexia of intermittents, and espe- cially in that of neuralgia, it is often necessary to increase the dose beyond the maximum of the above formula. For example, of three, four or five grains may be requisite in those cases in which the neuralgic paroxysms are violent and the intermission short; and this quantity must be repeated every two or three hours, or even everv hour. The principal inconveniences arising from the free~exhibition of quinine are a painful sense of fulness, noise and dizziness of the head, constriction of the chest, and purging. The latter may be checked by accompanying each pill with a few drops of laudanum, or by a table-spoonful of the simple aqueous infusion of camphor. If the affection of the head or chest becomes severe, the medicine must be suspended or diminished in quantity. There is another principle obtained from the cinchonia lancifo- lia, or pale bark, which possesses very nearly the same powers as quinia. It is called Cinchonia. These preparations produce all the effects of the Peruvian bark, and have now nearly super- seded it. I8S TONICS. Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Quinia? sulphatis, gr. xij. Ammoniae carbonatis, gr. xxiv. Fiant pilulae xij. et signa.—One every hour, beginning six hours before the expected paroxysm. These pills are large, but they will act when quinia alone proves unavailing. Quinine may also be combined advantageously with the oil of black pepper, or other essential oils, in case of irritable stomach. A preparation of the citrate of quinia and iron, has of late been much in vogue. It contains about three parts of iron to one of quinine, and is given in doses of two or three grains. A substance has lately been discovered in the bark of the wil- low, (Salix helix,) which is proved not to be alkaline, but which answers the purpose of quinia in the cure of intermittent fever. It is called salicine, and has been chiefly used in France and Italy.— Vide Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. 11. JVo. 3. Pills of Salicine. R. Salicinae, gr. xxiv. Mucilaginis, q. s. Ut fiant pilulae viij.—A pill to be taken three or four times a day. The bark of the common Dogwood (Cornus florida) yields a principle somewhat analogous to salicine. Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper. R. Cupri ammoniati, 9j. Confectionis rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilula? xl. Signa..—-One or two to be taken at bed-time. In epilepsy. Febrifuge bolus. R. Pulveris cinchona?, gj. Ammoniae muriatis, Ammonia? carbonatis, aa. gr. xij. Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. xviij. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiat massa et divide in partes xlviij. Signa.—One to be taken four times a-day, during the apyrexia of fever. Hotel Dieu. TONICS. 1 *0 Pills of Piperine. R. Piperina? purae, gr. xij. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. One every hour during the apyrexia of fever. This is one of the preparations lately introduced into practice. It is procured from the black pepper, and is said to possess con- siderable febrifuge powers. It sometimes vomits, purges, or pro- duces diaphoresis; and therefore requires caution in its adminis tration. It may be also given in mixture. Pills of Arsenic, fyc. R. Acidi arseniosi, gr. ij. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. Saponis veneta?, gr. viij. Pulveris glycyrrhiza?, q. s., fiant massa in pilulas xx dividenda. Signa.—One, two, three or four times a-day, increased gradually ac- cording to circumstances, watching the effect. In intermittent fever, and local diseases of an intermittent character. Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Arsenic, fyc. R. Ammonia? muriatis, 3ss. Pulveris opii, gr. viij. Acidi arseniosi, gr. iv. Syrupi, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxxij. Of which one imy be given three times a-day. In intermittent fever. Each pill contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenic. Each of these pills contains one-tenth of a grain of arsenious acid. The utmost care is requisite in compounding this and all other formula? for solid arsenic, at the same time that its specific action should be closely watched. Pills with the Sulphate of Copper. R. Cupri sulphatis, gr. iv. Extracti cinchona?, gr. xxxij. Syrupi, q. s , ut fiat massa, in pilulas xvj vel xx dividenda. One to be taken three times a-day. In obstinate intermittents. 17* 190 TONICS. Pills of the Oxide of Bismuth. R. Bismuthi subnitratis, 3j' Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxx. One to be taken every two hours. In dyspepsia. Pills of Ammoniated Iron, fyc. ft. Ferri ammoniati, 9j. Pulveris rhei, gr. viij. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas viii dividenda. This formula is recommended in rachitis, and is to be con- tinued with one pill a-day for a fortnight, and then intermitted for the same length of time and again resumed. The object of this direction is to prevent the system from becoming habituated to the medicine. Pills of Oxide of Zinc. R. Zinci oxidi, 9ij. Confect. rosae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae x. Signa.—One three or four times a-day. In epilepsy, chorea, &c. Dr. Chapman speaks favourably of this medicine, and recom- mends to begin with the above dose, and gradually to increase it. Pills of Steel filings. R. Limaturae ferri, gr. xvj. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas vj. One three times a-day, followed by a draught of some bitter infusion. Pills of the Extract of Quassia. R. Extracti quassise, 3j- Pulveris gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilula xx. Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day This is one of the purest bitters, and when a simple tonic is required, a more appropriate preparation cannot be substituted. Pills of Nitrate of Silver, $c. R. Argenti nitratis, gr. v vel x. Pulveris opii, 3ss. --------camphorae, --------nucis moschatae, aa. 9j. Mucilaginis acacia?, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas xx. Dose, a pill morning and evening. In chorea and epilepsy. TONICS. 191 Pills of Nitrate of Silver. ft. Argenti nitratis, gr. vel iij. Micae panis, 3ss. Aquae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij. Signa.—One to be taken night and morning, gradually increasing them as the case may demand. The nitrate of silver should first be dis- solved in a little water, and the crumbs of bread afterwards added. A glass mortar should always be employed in compounding them. Pills of the Sulphate of Iron. R. Ferri sulphatis, 3j. Extracti gentianae, q. s., ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas, xxx. One to be taken morning, noon and night. In dyspepsia, &c. Electuary of Cinchona, Rust of Iron, $c. R. Pulveris cinchona?, ------- ferri subcarbonatis, aa. gj. Copaiva?, q. s., ut fiat electuarium. To be made (by the patient) into pills of the ordinary size, of which four may be taken three times a-day. Pills of Nilromuriate of Gold. R. Auri nitromuriatis, gr. v. Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s. Mucilaginis acaciae, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas lxxv dividenda. Signa.—One or two thrice a-day. In syphilis, &c. This metal is placed under the head of tonics by Dr. Chapman, and we have followed his example. Although once much ex- tolled, it is now seldom used. MIXTURES, &c. Griffith's Myrrh mixture. R. Myrrhae, 3j. Ferri sulphatis, 9j. Potassae carbonatis, 3j- Sacchari, 3'j- Aquae, f gvj. Fiat mistura.—Dose, a table-spoonful according to circumstances, Given as a tonic in phthisis. 192 TONICS. Mixlure of Sulphuric acid, fyc. R. Ferri sulphatis, gr. ij. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. iv vel vj. Sacchari albi, 5j- Aquae, f ±iv. Misce et signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, to be repeated every two, three, or four hours, much diluted. Vinous Infusion of Carbonate of Iron, §-e. R. Ferri subcarbonatis, ^iss. Pulveris gentianae. Corticis aurantii, aa. gss. Vini lusitanici rubri, Oij. Macerate for three days, and give a wine-glassful two or three times a-day. In dyspepsia. Mixture with tincture of Bark and Citrate of Potash. R. Succi limonis, frjss. Potassae carbonatis, 3j. Tincturae cinchona?, fgj. Aquae cinnamomi, f giij. Misce et signa. A table-spoonful every two hours. To promote insensible perspiration while taking the bark. Infusion of Sage, Boneset, fyc. R. Salvia? officinalis, Eupalorii perfoliati, aa. gss. Corticis cascarilla?, 3j. Infuse in three half-pints of water until cold. Dose, a wine-glassful every three or four hours. In hectic fever. Becoction of Cinchona. ft. Corticis cinchona? contusae, gj. Aquae, Oj. Boil for ten minutes—and while hot add — Surpentariae radicis, ?ss. Corticis aurantii, 3q. And suffer them to infuse for half an hour near the fire in a covered vessel.—Dose, a wine-glassful every hour. TONICS. 193 If the bark be boiled longer than ten minutes, it deposites ex- tractive and resinous matter, becomes paler, and is less efficient. The last ingredients are directed to be infused because their aromatic properties would be dissipated by decoction. Becoction of Bark, §c. R. Decocti cinchona?, f gvj. Tincturae cinchonae huxhami, fgj. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. x. Misce.—A table-spoonful may be taken every hour or two hours pro re natd. By this preparation we obtain both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the bark. Sulphate of Quinia in Sirup. R. Sulphatis quinia?, gr. xvi. Surupi zingiberis vel limonis, f gij. Misce et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every hour during the apyrexia. The French physicians employ a wine and tincture of quinia, which, however, are not superior to the compound used in this country. Both in Europe and America, and especially in Italy, the dose is carried to a much greater extent than we have directed. Eight, ten, fifteen, twenty, and even thirty grains have been given by the Italians, without manifest injury and with successful results. Such doses, however, are seldom admissible in this country; and a cure can generally be accomplished by giving sixteen or twenty grains in twenty-four hours, repeated in half doses for three or four successive days. Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphatis quinia?, gr. xx. Acidi sulphurici, gtt. j. Sacchari albi, 3j- Aquae cinnamomi, f gijss. Misce et signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, every hour during the apyrexia of intermittents. By the addition of sulphuric acid, a super-sulphate of quinia is formed, which is soluble in the aqueous menstruum. 194 TONICS. Tincture of Quinia. R. Quinia?, 9j. Alcohol, fgss. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, ten to twenty drops every hour. Tincture of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. R. Quinia? ferrocyanitis, gr. iv. Alcoholis. f 3j- Solve et add— Aquae camphorae, f 3VU- Misce.—This preparation is said to be more active than the sulphate, whence it should be given in less doses: a tea-spoonful of the solu- tion (which will contain half a grain of the salt) may be taken every hour or two hours, according to circumstances.* Pills of the ferro- cyanate of quinia are prepared with simple mucilage, and adminis- tered like the sulphate. The acetate, citrate, muriate and nitrate of Quinia, have also been employed in Europe, and occasionally in this country. The) possess no advantages over the ordinary preparations, and are given in much the same quantity. Sirup of Cinchonine. R. Sulphatis cinchoninae, gr. xxiv. Syrupi, Oss. > Fiat mistura.—A table-spoonful will contain nearly a grain and a-haff of the salt, which is a full dose; to be repeated pro re natd. Cinchonine is more readily administered in pills of a grain or two grains each. In intermittent fevers. Mixture of Red bark in Port wine, <%c. R. Pulveris cinchona? oblongifoliaef gss. Theriacae andromachi, 3j- Succi limonis, f 3'ij. Vini lusitaniae, f giv. Misce et signa.—A wine-glassful every second hour during the apy- rexia of intermittent fever. * Vide Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 408. TONICS. 195 We find this prescription strongly recommended in the JV*. A. Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr. Meigs. Mixture with Decoction and Tincture of Bark, <$c. R. Decocti cinchona?, f giij. Tincturae huxami, fgj. Pulveris cinchona?, f3ij- Syrupi, fgss. Fiat mistura.—A table-spoonful to be taken every one or two hours during the absence of fever. Mixture with Extract of Bark, 4*c. R. Extracti cinchona?, 3j- Decocti cinchona1, f gvj. Tincturae cardamomi, f giv. Misce.—A table-spoonful for a dose, as above directed Tincture of Cinchona, Valerian, 8fC. R. Tincturae cinchonae, --------Valerianae, aa. fgj. --------cardamomi, f3'j- Aquae menthae, f giv. Fiat mistura.—Of this mixture a table-spoonful may be given every third hour. It is especially designed as a tonic in nervous tem- peraments. Mixture of Fowler's solution, tyc. ft. Liquoris potassae arsenitis, gtt. Ix. Tincturae opii, gtt. xxx. Spiritus lavendula? compositi, f 3j. Aquae cinnamomi, f 31^ Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful for an adult, a tea-spoonful for a child; to be administered every two or three hours, during the apyrexia of intermittents, watching the effect. Arsenical Mixture. R. Liquoris potassae arsenitis, gtt. x. Aquae destillatae, fgj. Tincturae opii. gtt. x. Spiritus lavendula? compositi, f 3SS- To be taken at a dose. 196. TONICS. This mixture is recommended by Dr. Graves, when the simple arsenical solution irritates the stomach. Acidulated tincture of Gentian. R. Tinctura? gentianae compositae, f giv. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, f3ss. Misce.—A small tea-spoonful to be taken in sugar and water, three or four times a-day. Tincture of Bark. R. Tinctura? cinchona? compositae, fgj. Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, every two hours. In the same doses as the above may be taken, Tinctura columba?—et Tinctura gentianae composita. Muriated Tincture of Iron. R. Tincturae ferri chloridi, fgj. From five to twenty drops to be taken in a glass of cold chamomile tea, twice or thrice a-day. In passive hemorrhage. Infusion of Columba and Ginger. R. Columba? contusae, gj. Zingiberis, 3ij- Aquae bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum—Give of the strained liquor (cold) a wine-glassful every two hours. %. This infusion, freely used, is adapted to chronic diarrhoea. Infusion of Columba, Rhubarb, $c. R. Carui contusi, Radicis columba?, -------rhei, aa. 9j. Aquae ferventis, f gviij. Digest for two hours, and strain. TONICS. 197. R. Liquor, colati, f giijss. Tincturae rhei, fgj. Syrupi zingiberis, f3ij. Misce.—Dose, a tea-spoonful to a table-spoonful for children, accord. ing to their age. In Diarrhoea. Mixture of Sulphate of Iron and Elixir of vitriol. R. Ferri sulphatis, gr. iv. Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xx. Aquae destillatae, fgj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken three times a-day in a wine-glass of water. Vinegar Draught. R. Acidi acetici, f3j. Tincturae cardamomi compositae, fgss. Syrupi simplicis, fgss. Aquae, f gx. Misce.—To be taken in such portions as the stomach can bear. In sick head-ache. Acorn coffee. ft. Pulveris glandis torrefacta?, gj. Aqua? bullientis, Oj. Fiat infusum.—Three or four tea-cupsful may be taken during the day, and augmented according to circumstances. The above is a favourite remedy with the Germans. "It is one of the most successful in mesenteric atrophy, commencing rachitis, glandular swellings, asthma and cough. Continued for a long time, it is one of the most powerful means wre possess for destroying the scrofulous disposition."—Hufeland. Treatise on Scrofula^ p. 215. Infusion of Quassia, fyc. R. Quassia?, Sepentariae, Corticis aurantii, aa. gss. Aquae bullientis, Oij. Fiat infusum et cola.—A tea-cupful to be taken cold, three times a-day. 18 198 TONICS. Decoction of Bark and Valerian. R. Corticis cinchona? contusae, gj. Boil in a pint of water for ten minutes, and strain. R. Valerianae contusae, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse for one hour and strain.—Add the decoction of bark to this in- fusion, and give a tea-cupful cold, three or four times a-day. This was a favourite prescription with the late Dr. Parrish, in rheumatic and nervous headach. Cold Infusion of Chamomile and Orange peel. R. Anthemidis, gj. Corticis aurantii, gss. Aqua?, Oiij. Macerate for twenty-four hours.—Dose, a tea-cupful three or four times a-day. The infusion of chamomile made with cold, is in general more grateful to the patient than when made with boiling water. The same remark applies to infusions generally, and they are also less liable to ferment. Decoction of Augustura bark. R. Cusparia? contusae, gj. Aquae, Ojss. Boil for fifteen or twenty minutes, and strain. Of this decoction a wine-glassful may be taken every two hours. Infusion of Wild-cherry bark. R. Pruni virginiani, gj. Aurantii corticis, g'j" Aquae, Oj. TOXICS. 199 Infuse the bark alone for an hour, and then add the orange peel. A wine-glassful may be taken every hour or two in consumptive cases, asthma, &c. Infusion of Serpenturia. R. Serpentariae, gj. Aquae bullientis, Oj. Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour.—A wine-glassful every hour or two hours, pro re natd. Compound tincture of Aloes, Gentian, 4'C. R. Aloes, gj. Pulveris zedoariae, ------- gentianae, ------- croci, ------- rhei, ------- agarici, aa. 3j. Syrupi, fgij. To be mixed into a quart of brandy. This is the celebrated Baume de vie, or Elixir of Life. It is a powerful tonic, and one of the most effectual febrifuge medicines. In intermittents, especially, it is justly celebrated. Dose, a table-spoonful three times a-day, in water. Decoction of Dog-wood bark. R. Corni floridae contusi, gj. Aquae, Oj. Boil for twenty or thirty minutes, and strain.—A wine-glassful raay be aiven every hour, as a substitute for Peruvian bark in intermit- tents. Infusion of Hops. R. Humuh, 3J. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain by expression. Of this a wine-glass- ful may be taken three or four times a-day. In dyspepsia. 200 TONICS. Infusion of Boneset. R Eupatorii rj. Aqua? bullientis, Oj. Infuse for two hours, and strain.—Of this a wine-glassful may be taken every one or two hours, cold. In intermittent fever. Enema of Extract of Bark, fy-c. R. Extracti cinchona?, 3ss. Aqua? tepidae, f ^iv. Solve ; dein adde— Olei olivae, f rss, Tincturae opii, gtt. x. Fiat enema.—To be administered every fourth hour. In intermit- tents. When preferred, the powdered bark may be used, say 31J. mixed with some of the decoction instead of common water. Bark is also employed externally in the form of a waistcoat, worn next the skin. A poultice made by mixing the powder and de- coction into a paste, may be applied to the region of the stomach; and lastly, the decoction is used as a simicupium. Enema of Quinia. Quinine is employed in enemata, and in this form has an immediate and powerful effect on intermittent fevers. From twelve to twenty grains of the sulphate of quinine, dissolved in a tea-cupful of flax- seed or other mucilage, may be administered at a time, and repeated in four or six hours. Infusion of Cinchona with Lime-water. &. Cinchona? cordifoliae, gij. Liquor, calcis, Oij. Misce, et fiat infusum. This infusion was formerly much. A wine-glassful may be taken three or four times per diem, or once every hour, in intermittent and other forms of fever. ALTERATIVES •201 Gentianin. This substance was obtained by an elaborate chemical process from the root of the Gentiana lutea. It is intensely bitter, but possesses no advantages over the common preparations of gen- tian. Magendie gives two formula? for its administration; but it is now almost discarded from the materia medica. R. Gentiana?, gr. v. Alcohol, fgj. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, two tea-spoonsful, which will contain a little more than a grain of the medicine. In scrofulous affections. Sirup of Gentianin. ft. Gentianinae, gr. xvj. Syrupi, Oj. Misce.—Dose, a wine-glassful, which will contain a grain. Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Gentiana? concisae, gss. Corticis aurantii, 3ij« Seminum cardamomi, 3ss. Aquae ferventis, Oj. Fiat infusum. Gentian is an excellent bitter. The above preparation is given in wine-glassful doses, in debility of the digestive organs, &c. ALTERATIVES. Alteratives have been defined—medicines that re-establish the healthy functions of the animal economy, without pro- ducing any active evacuation. This class of remedies, there- fore, embraces numerous preparations which produce a slow but decided effect on the various secreting organs, sometimes without any sensible increase of the secretions themselves, but in other instances obviously augmenting or magnifying them. Such is the action of minute doses of mercury, iodine and other substances upon the glandular apparatus. These medicines are generally classed with stimulants and tonics, some of them 18* 202 ALTERATIVES. with narcotics, and others have been placed with those prepara- tions to which they seem most allied when given in an over-dose —sialagogues, for example. Without attempting to investigate this question farther than regards practical convenience, we pro- ceed in this place to indicate the more active and important Alteratives; merely premising the familiar truth, that medicines of almost every class of the materia medica become alteratives by being administered in very small doses at intervals of a few hours. ^Ethereal tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, gr. vj. ^Etheris sulphurici, f3ij. Misce.—Thirty drops contain one grain of iodine.—Dose, ten drops two or three times a-day, largely diluted. In cutaneous and glandu- lar diseases. Compound tincture of Iodine. R Iodini, gss. Potassii iodidi, gi. Alcohol, Oi. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, five to fifteen drops, pro re natd. Mixture of Iodide of Potassium, fyc. R. Iodidi potassii, gr. x vel 9j. Magnesiae sulphatis, gss. Potassae et antimonii tartratis, gr. ss. Aquae destillatae, f gvj. Misce et signa.—A tea-spoonful three or four times a-day. In scro- fula. Saturated tincture of Iodine. R. Iodini, 3'j* Alcohol, fgj. Spiritus lavendulae compositi, f3ij. Fiat solutio.—This is Mr. Durand's saturated solution. The dose is ten or twenty drops, which may be gradually increased, watching its effects. ALTERATIVES. 203 Iodine with Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodini, gr. iij. Potassii iodidi, gr. vj. Aqua? destillatae, fgj. Solve et signa.—Dose, six to ten or twenty drops thrice a-day in a draught of cold water. If it produce dizziness, pain in the bowels, or other unpleasant symptoms, diminish the quantity. The author of "Illustrations of Pulmonary Consumption," strongly recommends this formula in catarrh, phthisis, &c. It has a powerful effect in glandular disease, and in all affections of the mucous membranes. Mixture of tincture of Iodine, $c. R. Tincturae iodini, f5j• Mucilaginis acaciae, f ±ij. Aquae destillatae, f Xvj. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. Employed in cases of ulceration accompanied by purulent discharge from the meatus auditorius, and in the scrofulous diathesis. See Astringents. Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Ferri iodidi, 3j- Aquae destillatae, fgj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, six to ten drops, morning, noon and night, in a wine-glass of cold water. Solution of Iodide of Iron. R. Ferri iodidi, gr. xxiv. Aqua? destillatae, fgj. Fiat solutio.—An ordinary tea-spoonful contains about three grains, which is a full dose. 204 ALTERATIVES. Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Potassii iodidi, gr. xxxvj. Aquae destillatae, fgj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, ten to twenty drops, morning, noon and night, in a wine-glass of sweetened water. Each dose will contain between one and two grains of the iodide. Magendie. Solution af the loduretted Hydriodate of Potassa. R. Iodini, 9j. Potassii iodidi, 9ij. Aquae destillatae, f gvij. Fiat solutio.—Dose, six drops, morning and evening, in a wine-glass of water. In scrofulous and scirrhous diseases. Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 396. Tyrrell's Mixture of loduretted Hydriodate of Potassa. R. Iodini, gr. ss. Potassii iodidi, 3ss. Syrupi papaveris, gss. Aquae, Oss. Fiat mistura.—Given in dose of a wine-glassfull three times a-day. In syphilis combined with scrofula. Vide Dunglison, ut supra. Mixture of Iodo-hydrargyrate of Potassa. ft. Iodidi potassii, gr. iiiss. Iodidi hydrargyri rubri, gr. ivss. Aqua? destillatae, fgj. Dissolve first the iodide of potassium, and then the biniodide of mer- cury, in the water. The compound salt in this solution may be assumed at eight grains, although there is a small excess of the iodide of potassium. The dose is from two to five drops, contain- ing from the thirtieth to the twelfth part of a grain, which may be repeated three times a-day, much diluted. Dr. Charming. Tincture of Iodo-hydrargyrale of Potassium. R. Potassa? iodo-hydrargyratis, gr. j. Spiritus vini tenuioris, fgj. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, ten to twenty drops three times a-day, much diluted ALTERATIVES. 205, loduretted Sulphuric Ether. R. iEtheris sulphurici, f3j. Iodini, gr. vj. Solve.—Thirty drops of this solution contain a grain of iodine. Six drops constitute a full dose. To be largely diluted. Magendie's Anti-epileptic solution. ft. Potassii iodidi, 3iv. Iodini, gr. ij. Aquae menthae destillatae, f gvj. Fiat solutio.—Dose, a spoonful thrice per diem. Iodine waters. The physicians of Europe, and especially of Paris, have made exten- sive and salutary use of iodine waters, both internally and externally. In these the iodine is very much diluted, and generally with the addition of more or less common salt. These waters are prepared on a large scale and with great precision by the Pharmaceutists of Paris; but they have been but partially introduced into this country. M. Magendie, however, gives formulae for some extemporaneous Iodine waters, which may answer all the purposes of the more elaborate preparations. The following is an example :— loduretted water. R. Potassii iodidi, gr. vj. Iodini, gr. j. Aquae, Oij. Fiat solutio.—This solution is directed to be drank at meals, in place of common water. That iodine is one of the most powerful alteratives at present known, there can be no question. There are few diseases de- pendent upon or connected with morbid secretion of the glandular structures, but what are more or less modified by its use, while in others it acts as a direct curative agent. It is chiefly, however, in scrofulous, glandular and cutaneous affections that it acts most beneficially, dispersing indurations of the glands, and restoring the secretions of the cutaneous and mucous apparatus: whence its advantages in eruptive diseases, bronchitis, leucorrhcea, 206 ALTERATIVES. amenorrhcea, &c. &c. It has been found to restore suppressed haemorrhoidal and catamenial discharges, and when pushed too far, has even produced alarming hemorrhage of the lungs, nose and uterus. These facts should make the practitioner extremely cautious in its administration, beginning with small doses, and watching their effects. Should it produce any of the incon- veniences already mentioned, or dizziness, nausea, purging, burn- ing of the skin or swelling of the gums, it should be at once suspended, or given less frequently and in smaller doses. It is well known that iodine was first discovered in sea-weed and sponges; and the latter having long had the reputation of being a cure for goitre, it was found that iodine was the active remedial agent. We give below two prescriptions for the use of Sponge as formerly in vogue, but now nearly superseded by the preparations of pure iodine. Burnt Sponge. R. Spongia? ustae, gj. Sacchari albi, 9j. Misce et divide in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day, gradually augmenting the dose. In Bronchocele. Decoction of Sponge. R. Spongia? concisa? et terrefactae, gj. Aquae destillatae, Oj. Coque et infunde duodecem horas.—Of this, filtered and rendered palatable by the addition of a little mint water, a table-spoonful or more may be taken every three hours. Phosphate of Ammonia. ft. Phosphatis ammoniae, gss. Aquae destillatae, f gvj. Fiat solutio.—A table-spoonful to be taken every four hours. The preceding formula is that of Dr. Buckler, who recommends it in those cases of gout and rheumatism in which little acid is present in the urine ; as well as in all the chronic modifications of those diseases, especially when they are associated with chronic thickening of the white tissues.* American Journal of Medical Sciences, January, 1846. ALTERATIVES. 207 Strychnia. We have (under the head of Narcotics) noticed several prescrip- tions for using this extremely poisonous substance; but as it is chiefly given as an alterative, we now add some additional modes of administration. Strychnine is much in vogue in the whole class of nervous diseases, paralysis, whether general or local, neu- ralgia, chorea, hysteria, &c. It is also employed in syphilis, amenorrhcea, dyspepsia, bronchitis, and in fact, in all cases where an alterative course is indicated. Solution of Acetate of Strychnine. R. Strychnia? acetatis, gr. iij. Alcohol, f3j. Aqua? cinnamomi, f3vhj- Misce.—Dose, five drops twice a-day, cautiously increasing it. Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 450. Tincture of Acetate of Strychnine. R. Strychnia? acetatis, gr. iss. Alcohol, fgss. Fiat tinctura.—Dose, five to ten drops thrice per diem. In syphilitic pains of the bones, &c. Dunglison, ut supra. A sulphate of Strychnine is also in use. It is prepared like the Acetate, of course substituting sulphuric acid. It has no advantages over the preparations already given, and is little used. See Magendie, Formulaire, 9eme. ed. p. 30. Brucine. The alkaline principle called Brucia or Brucine, is contained in the augustura bark, nux vomica and St. Ignatius's bean. That obtained from the bark is preferable for medicinal purposes. It possesses the properties of Strychnia, but in less degree. It may be administered in doses of half a grain to a grain ; but the mini- mum dose should be first given, and the quantity gradually augmented. Pills of Brucia. R. Brucia?, gr. xij. Confectionis rosae, q. s., ut fiat massa. Divide in pilulas, xxiv. Signa.—One pill to be taken four times a-day, and gradually increased. 208 ALTERATIVES. Tincture of Brucia. R. Alcohol, fgj. Brucia?, gr. xviij. Fiat tinctura.—From six to ten drops may be taken in a draught of water. Mixture of Brucia. R. Brucia?, gr. vj. Aqua? destillatae f giv. Sacchari, 3ij« Fiat mistura. Dose, half a table-spoonful night and morning. These preparations are chiefly used in paralysis and the entire series of spasmodic affections. Bromine. This substance, which is allied to chlorine and iodine, is ob- tained from salt springs and other mineral waters. In medicine it is chiefly used in combination with potassa. Solution of Bromide of Potassium. R. Potassii bromidi, gr. xviij. Aquae destillatae, f giij. Syrupi tolu, fgj. Fiat mistura.—A tea-spoonful every three hours. Pills of Bromide of Iron. R. Ferri bromidi pulverisati, gr. xij. Confectionis rosae, gr. xviij. Acaciae, gr. xij. Misce et fiant pilulae xx secundum artem. Two pills to be taken in the morning, and two in the evening, or, one three times a-day. In hypertrophy of the heart, and scrofulous affections.—Magendie. Mercury. The mercurial preparations constitute the most decided and efficient medicines of this class. In addition to several formulae inserted under the head of Sialagogues, the following may b« appropriately noticed in this place. ALTERATIVES. 209 Calomel pills. R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. ij. Confectionis rosae, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij. Of which one may be taken every hour or two hours. In maras- mus, &c, &c. The use of calomel in minute doses has become very general, and deservedly so. In the hepatic and intestinal complaints of children, it is productive of the happiest results when carefully managed. In infants, for example, the sixteenth or eighth of a grain, re- peated every hour or two hours, according to age and circum- stance, will often check diarrhoea, cholera infantum, and dysentery, which have resisted every other treatment. If the discharges are attended by pain and tenesmus, small doses of powdered opium or laudanum may be added; but, as a general rule, the anodyne had better be given by injection. The preparation called blue-pill (pilula hydrargyri) is indicated in similar conditions, and is especially beneficial whenever an alterative is called for. A grain given at bed time, or even a grain in divided portions through the day, will often produce the desired effect. Hence its extensive use in chronic and obscure derangements of the digestive organs, especially of the stomach and liver; in the whole class of syphilitic affections; glandular enlargements; &c. In like manner all the mercurial preparations mentioned under the head of Sialagogues, become alteratives by cautious admi- nistration in doses more or less minute, and especially when the\ are given in conjunction with the preparations of sarsaparilla. Pills of Calomel, Quinia, Opium, fyc. ft. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj. Pulveris opii, gr. iij. Quinia? sulphatis, gr. xij. Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa in pilula? xij dividenda, Signa.—One night and morning. 19 210 ALTERATIVES. Pills of Blue massi Quinia, eases accompanied with hemorrhage. Mixture with tincture of Catechu, <$fC. R. Tinctura catechu, fgj. -------opii, gtt. lx. Acaciae, 3'j- Aquae cinnamomi, f gvj. Misce et signa. A table-spoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Solution of Sulphate of Zinc arid Alum. As under Emetics. Alum whey. R. Lactis vaccina? bullientis, Oj. Pulveris aluminis, 3ij. ASTRINGENTS. 219 Boil them until the coagulum separates, and strain. A cupful to be taken occasionally. In diabetes, Sic Peruvian Bark with Lime-water. R. Pulveris cinchona?, gss. Aquae calcis, f gviij. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours, or oftener if necessary. In diarrhoea and menorrhagia. Sirup of Galls, Brandy, fyc. R. Gallarum contusarum, 3'j- Spiritus gallici, f gviij. Misce.—Burn out the spirit; then add— Corticis cinnamomi, Macis, aa. 3'j- While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy until a sirup is formed. Decant the pure sirup. Dose, a table-spoonful every two hours. In chronic and obstinate diarrhoea. Dr. Parrish. Solution of sulphate of Copper, j. -------- opii, gtt. xl. Aquae menthae, fgiv. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful every hour or two hours. In sick- ness of the stomach occasioned by acidity. The opium in the above prescription may be omitted at the discretion of the practitioner. Mixture of Salt of Tartar, Ammonia, $c. R. Spiritus ammonia? aromat., f5j- Potassae carbonatis, 3'j- Aquae cinnamomi, fgiv. Misce et signa.—A large tea-spoonful for a dose pro re natd. In pyrosis. Lime water and Milk. R. Liquor calcis, Lactis recentis, aa. f giij. Misce et signa.—Two table-spoonsful for a dose. In sickness of the stomach few remedies are more prompt in their effect. An antacid remedy admirably adapted to children, is prepared by pouring four ounces of boiling water on a heaped tea-spoonful of calcined mag- nesia, and giving a dessert-spoonful of the clear solution every hour or two. It is slightly aperient. Mixture with Ammonia, Magnesia, fyc. R. Magnesiae, 3j^ Spiritus ammoniae aromat., f3j. Spiritus cinnamomi, f3iij« Aquae, f gvj. Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. In the sickness accompanying pregnancy. ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS. 237 Mixture of Magnesia, Camphor, fyc. ft. Magnesia?, 3j« Camphorae, 3ss. Sacchari albi, Acaciae, aa.. 3'j' ./Etheris sulphurici, f 3ss. Aquae destillatae, fgiv. • Misce et signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose four or five times a-day. In flatulency and irritable stomach. Dyspeptic Lye. Take of Hickory ashes, . . . . .1 quart, Soot, ...... 6 ounces, Boiling water, ... .1 gallon. Mix and let them stand for twenty-four hours, frequently stirring the ingredients. A tea-cupful may be given of this liquor, (decanted,) three times a-day. It should be decanted always at the end of twenty-four hours, for by standing on the materials a long time the water acquires caustic properties, and may do serious injury. This domestic remedy we have thought best to give, as we re- ceived it, in the English language. It deserves an insertion from the circumstance that it was employed by the late Dr. Physick in his own case, and was of decided advantage when the usual alkaline remedies had failed. Solution of Salt of Tartar, eye. R. Potassa? carbonatis, 3j. Pulveris acacia?, 3ss. Olei menthae, gtt. ij. Tinctura? opii, gtt. x. Aqua?, giij. Fiat solutio.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro re natd. In sickness of the stomach. 21* > 23$ ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS, Mixture of Colombo, fyc. R. Colombae, 33S» Coque in aquae, fgiij ad f gv. Cola et adde— Potassa? carbonatis, ^ss. Succi limonis, f3iij- Tincturae opii, gtt. xij. Misce.—From a tea to a table-spoonful may be given every hour. Anti-emetic. Anti-emetic Mixture. R. Tincturae corticis aurantii, f 3ss. --------aloes, --------castorei, aa. f3j. Misce, et signa.—Dose, from forty to fifty drops, three or four times a-day. In continued or chronic vomiting, occasioned by atony or spasm of the stomach, the above is strongly recommended by Hufeland, in his Treatise on Scrofula. Mixture with Carbonate of Soda, fyc. R. Sodae carbonatis, 9iv. Infusi gentiana? compositae, Aquae cinnamomi, aa. fgiij. Tincturae cardamomi, fgss. Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours. In acidity and flatulence of the stomach, &c. APPENDIX, NO. I. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. The importance of an acquaintance with those preparations of diet peculiarly designed for the patient during disease and con- valescence, is so obvious that it requires little or no comment. It was remarked by the late Dr. Rush in his lectures, that a physician should spend six months in a kitchen before entering upon his practical career. As the medical attendant, therefore, is called upon frequently to give directions and rules for preparing the diet for the sick, we have inserted a few formula? for those articles which are in daily use. However apparently trifling such a class may appear to some persons, the physician will find that an atten- tion to it will place the patient more completely under his own control, and inspire greater confidence in the relations and attendants. The rules to be observed in giving nourishment to the sick, will generally present themselves; but there is one in particular which should not be overlooked. In all low diseases, the nurse should be directed never to give too much at once, but frequently to repeat a small proportion. The lapse of a very short time without food, will frequently, in cases of great prostration, reduce the patient very low, and may endanger his life. This rule is not intended to be applied to those chronic derangements of the digestive functions, which are to be remedied principally by a regulation of diet, and in which the old adage, il a little and often," has too frequently, we are convinced, been perniciously advised. / 240 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Decoction of Barley; or, Barley water. Take of Pearl barley, . . . . .2 ounces, Boiling water, . . . . .2 quarts. Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. Then boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor. A little lemon juice and sugar may be added if desirable. To be taken ad libitum in in- flammatory diseases. Rice water. Take of Rice, . . . . . .2 ounces, Let it be well washed, and add to it— Water, . . . . . .2 quarts. Boil it for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutmeg as much as may be required. To be taken ad libitum. Rice, when boiled for a considerable time, assumes a gelatinous form, and mixed with milk, is a very excellent diet, for children. It possesses in some measure a constipating property, which ma> be increased by boiling the milk. Infusion of Flaxseed. As under Expectorants. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. As under Expectorants. Decoction of Bran. Take of Wheat bran, recent, . . . .1 pint, Water, . . . . . .3 quarts. Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar, honey or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. Bran tea may be made by using boiling water, and suffering the mixture to stand in a covered vessel for three or four hours. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 241 Sage tea. Take of The dried leaves of sage, . . half an ounce, Boiling water, .... 1 quart. Infuse for half an hour, and then strain. Sugar and lemon juice may be added in the proportion required by the patient. In the same manner may be made balm and other teas. These infusions form very agreeable and useful drinks in fever, and their diaphoretic powers may be increased by the addition of sweet spirits of nitre or antimonial wine. Infusion of Malt. Take of Ground malt, . . . . -1 pint, Scalding water,* . . . . -3 pints. Infuse for two hours, and strain off the liquor, to which may be added sugar or lemon juice, if required. This was a favourite preparation with the late Dr. Parrish, in inflammatory fevers. Lemonade. Take of Fresh lemon juice. .... 4 ounces, Fresh and very thin peel of lemon, . . half an ounce, White sugar, . . . -4 ounces, Boiling water, . . • • 3 pints. Let them stand until cold, then strain off for use. When employed in fevers, a little nitrate of potash or sweet spirits of nitre may be added. It can be further diluted to the taste of the patient. This preparation, when freely taken, sometimes produces pain in the bowels. It must therefore be used with some reserve as a daily drink. * Water not quite brought to the boiling point. 242 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Water gruel. Take of Oatmeal, . . . . . -2 ounces, Water, . . . . . .1 quart. Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain, adding sugar and salt to make it agreeable. Milk for Infants. Take of Cow's milk, . . . . .1 part, Water, . . . . . .2 parts, Loaf sugar as much as may be agreeable. It is necessary, when children are to be raised by the hand, to dilute the milk. These proportions may be altered as the child advances in age. The object is to make a diet as near the qualities of the maternal milk as possible. Rice gruel. Take of Ground rice, . . . . .1 ounce, Cinnamon, . . . . .1 drachm, Water, . . . . . .1 quart. Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the conclusion Strain and sweeten. Wine may be added if necessary. Panado. Take of Wheat bread, . . . . .1 ounce, Cinnamon, . . . . .1 drachm, Water, . . . . . .1 pint. Boil them until well mixed, then add a little grated nutmeg and sugar. Wine or butter may also be added if desirable. Compound Salep powders. R. Salep, Tragacanth, Sago, aa. giv. Cochineal, 3ss. Prepared oyster-shells, gj. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 243 To be carefully mixed and divided into powders of 3j each. Stir one of these powders into a pint of milk, and boil them together for ten or fifteen minutes. To be drank freely in dysentery and diarrhoea. These are the dysenteric powders of Dr. Castanello. A some- what analogous preparation which bears the same name, is pre- pared as follows: ft. Gum arabic, Tragacanth, Maranta, Sago, Tapioca, aa. each 3ij- Mix them well together, and boil in a pint of milk, flavoured with nut- meg, or cinnamon. Used as a diet in dysentery, diarrhoea, &c, &c. Sago. Take of Sago, ..... 2 spoonsful, Water, ..... 1 pint, Boil gently until it thickens, frequently stirring. Wine, sugar, and nutmeg may be added according to circumstances. Tapioca jelly. Take of Tapioca, . 2 spoonsful, Water, l Pint- Boil it gently for an hour, or until it assumes a jelly-like appearance. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon juice, to suit the taste of the patient and the nature of the case. Jelly of Carrageen, or Irish moss. (Fucus crispus.) Take of Carrageen, . half an ounce, Fresh milk.....a pint and a-half. Boil them down to a pint; remove any sediment by filtering or other- wise, and then add the requisite quantity of sugar, with lemon juice, or peach water, to give it an agreeable flavour. To be used freely. 244 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. The moss, before being used, should be well washed in cold water to remove its saline taste. Arrow root. Take of Arrow root, .... 1 table-spoonful, Sweet milk, .... half a pint, Boiling water, .... half a pint. Boil them a few moments over the fire. Sweetened with loaf sugar it is one of the best aliments for children, especially when the bowels are irritable. The farinaceous substance called Canna is prepared by simply boiling in milk, and adding sugar. Boiledfiour. Take of Fine flour, ..... a pound. Tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible, and after frequently dip- ping it in cold water, dredge the outside with flour till a crust is formed round it, which will prevent the water soaking into it while boiling. It is then boiled until it becomes a hard, dry mass. Two or three spoonsful of this may be grated and prepared in the same manner as arrow root, for which it forms an excellent substitute. Vegetable soup. Take one turnip, one potato, one onion. Let them be sliced, and boiled in one quart of water for an hour. Add as much salt as is agreeable, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This preparation forms an agreeable substitute for animal food, and may be given when the latter is inadmissible. Chocolate. Chocolate should be suffered to stand until cold, after having been made in the usual way. The oily parts thus collect on the surface and should be taken off. The liquid should then be boiled again, and sugar, &c. added. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 245 Beef tea. Take of Lean beef, cut into shreds, ... 1 pound, Water, ..... I quart. Boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the scum as it rises. After it grows cold, strain the liquor. This preparation is more nourishing than ordinary broths, and very palatable. Essence of beef. Take of Lean beef, sliced. Put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill up its body, cork it loosely and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck by means of a string to the handle of the vessel. Boil this for an hour and a-half or two hours, then decant the liquor and skim it. To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the taste, of the patient and nature of the dis- ease. Hartshorn jelly. Take of Hartshorn shavings, .... 4 ounces, Water, ..... 1 quart. Boil over a gentle fire until one pint of the water be dissipated. Strain and add lemon juice, sugar and wine. This forms, either with or without the last named ingredients, a very nourishing diet for convalescents; and when mixed with an equal portion of milk, is well adapted to the bowel complaints of children. Isinglass, or fish glue may be used instead of the hartshorn shavings, if preferred. oo ~46 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. Calf's feet jelly. Take two calves' feet, and add to them one gallon of water, which reduce by boiling to one quart. Strain it, and when cold, skim the fat entirely off. Add to this the white of six or eight eggs well beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar and the juice of four lemons, and let them be well mixed. Boil the whole for a few minutes, stirring constantly, and then pass it through a flannel strainer. This forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and con- valescent. The wine may be omitted or added at option. Chicken water. Take half a chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones ; add to this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with salt. This water is directed by some physicians in the early stages of cholera. Taken warm it promotes vomiting and washes out the stomach. Suet ptisan. Take of Sheep's suet, . . . . . 2 ounces, Milk>.....1 pint, Starch, . half an ounce. Boil slowly for half an hour. This may be used as a common drink in dysentery. Mucilage of starch, $c. Take of Starch'...... 1 ounce, Powdered cinnamon, , drachmj --------gum arable.....j ounce> Boiling water, ..... 3 pints> Boil until reduced one-third, and strain. The above may be taken for a common drink in dysentery. Wine and Mustard whey. As under Stimulants. DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 247 Rennet whey. Take of New milk, . . . . .1 quart, Rennet, .... a large spoonful, Heat the milk and then add the rennet. Boil until the curd separates and is all taken off. To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutriment. Vinegar whey. Take of Milk, . . . . .1 pint, Vinegar, .... half an ounce. Boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd. Tartar whey. Take of Milk, . . . . .1 quart, Cream of tartar, . . . half an ounce. Boil until the curd separates. Sarsaparilla beer. R. Sarsaparilla contusae, t^jij. Pulveris corticis guaiaci, gviij. Ligni guaiaci concisi, Anisi, Radicis glycyrrhiza? contusae, aa. giv. Mezerei, gj. Sacchari liquidi, +fjij. Caryophilli contusi, gss. Aquae bullientis, congios iv. Mix these ingredients, and agitate the vessel thrice a-day. When a fermentation has well begun it is fit for use, and may be taken in the dose of a small tumblerful twice or thrice a-day. " This is the Spanish recipe for the Jarave or diet drink, some- what modified. If intended for old and obstinate complaints, as leprous affections, elephantiasis, various anomalous ulcerations 248 DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. and foul disorders of the skin. There may be added to the jug, after fermentation has well begun, tartrate of antimony twelve grains, corrosive sublimate eight or ten grains, muriate of am- monia one drachm, dissolved previously in a little water. These remedies greatly increase the alterative powers of the vegetable infusion, and so effectually prevent its decomposition that it may be kept for a long time unaltered, even in a hot climate.11—See Hancock on Sarsaparilla. Journal of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. JVo. 4. APPENDIX, NO. IL POISONS. Cases of poisoning are so sudden and so awful that no time is to be lost in administering relief. To do this with judgment and effect, it is requisite to be familiar with all the usual antidotes; and of these we have accordingly selected some which possess an ac- knowledged efficacy, omitting at the same time many others that are umvorfhy of confidence. For the purpose of convenience we have arranged the Poisons alphabetically, with the appropriate antidotes attached to each. But, as has been remarked when speaking of Emetics, our chief reliance in these cases is upon free vomiting, induced by those articles which are most speedy in their effect. Dr. Beck prefers sulphate of zinc, whenever it can be procured, and adds, "but if vomiting be present, we may aid it by diluents or a vegetable emetic. Tartrate of antimony should never be given." Yet even from this treatment little can be ex- pected when the deleterious substance has remained long in the stomach; and the stomach-tube and syringe will be indispen- sable. To protect the stomach and intestines from the direct operation of poisons, it is generally recommended to give milk, lime water, soap, or drinks sweetened with sugar or honey. Oils and other fatty substances are found to be injurious. When the vomiting has ceased, and retching and pain con- tinue, Mr. Hume advises the free administration of carbonate of magnesia with tincture of opium, suspended in water. ALKALIES. The best antidote is common vinegar; it is always at hand, and its affinity for these substances is sufficiently strong to neu- tralize them. Also, a fixed oil, as olive oil, should be given in large quantity—several pounds being required where a large por- tion of the alkali has been taken; it acts by rendering the vomiting easy and free, and partly by converting the alkali into a soap. J o-7* 250 POISONS. ANTIMONY. The preparation of this mineral by which poisoning is com- monly produced, is emetic tartar. This of itself produces violent vomiting, and therefore our first efforts should be directed to keeping up the emesis by means of mild diluents and mucilagi- nous preparations. Its antidotes are the alkalies, bitter and as- tringent infusions, such as common tea, Peruvian bark, especially the yellow bark and its tincture—^the administration of the bark in powder, before the decoction is ready, &c, &c. These de- compose the antimonial salt. When the vomiting is excessive, opium by injection will assist in allaying it. ARSENIC. Until lately there has been no known antidote to this deadly poison, and our sole dependence has been upon mild diluents, albumen, (such as the whites of eggs suspended in milk) or warm water and sugar. Various substances have been proposed as antidotes, but without success. It is best first (if vomiting has been delayed) to give an emetic of the sulphate of lime, and milk should be drunk liberally both before and after vomiting has begun. The patient should never be allowed to exhaust his strength in retching, without some milk or other fluid in his stomach to act on. The hydrated peroxide of iron, freshly prepared, was an- nounced in the year 1834, by Dr. Bunsen of Gottingen, as an antidote for poisoning by Arsenic; and its efficacy has been con- firmed by M. M. Orfila, Lesueur, Souberain and Miguel, and also in this city by various chemists, and by experiments upon the inferior animals. The antidote is thus prepared :* Hydrated peroxide of Iron. R. Sulphuric acid (67° Baume) 8 oz. Iron wire, . . . 8 oz. Nitric acid, (49° Baume) 5| oz. Water of ammonia, . q. s. Water, . . . 1^ gal. * Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 240. 16 parts. 16 11 384 POISONS. 251 Mix the sulphuric acid with the water in a glass vessel; then add the iron, and after the effervescence has ceased, filter. Add the nitric acid in divided portions, and apply heat so long as orange-coloured fumes are given off. To the heated solution, pour in the water of ammonia until a decided excess has been added, then wash the precipitate by decantation, until the wash- ings give no precipitate with nitrate of baryta. The water is then to be drawn off until just enough remains to give the consist- ence of thick cream. Bottles of half a pint are the most convenient size for containing it; to each bottle add two ounces of uncrystallizable sugar or honey to prevent the oxide from separating from the water. The following direction will enable the most ignorant person to make use of this antidote until medical advice can be obtained. It must be administered as soon as possible after the discovery that arsenic has been taken, and as it causes no bad effect itself, should be given every five or ten minutes, until entire relief is obtained. The dose for a grown person is a table- spoonful; for children a tea-spoonful. The bottle to be well shaken before each dose. Should the patient survive (and the probability is in his favour if the antidote prepared as above be faithfully given) the inflam- matory symptoms must be combatted on the general principles for treating inflammation. The diet should consist exclusively of milk, gruel, cream, rice and similar bland articles. In a case of poisoning in this city, where half an ounce of the powdered arsenic had been taken and was followed by extreme thirst and vomiting, all the symptoms were allayed by freely taking the hydrated peroxide of iron. Only a slight gastritis fol- lowed, which was readily subdued. The oxide forms with the arsenious acid a proto-arseniate of iron. In place of the hydrated oxide, the rust of iron and the hema- titic oxide have also been resorted to in cases of emergency, and have appeared to possess, to a certain extent, the power of anti- dotes. BARYTES. The carbonate of this earth is poisonous, and might possibly be taken by mistake. Its true antidote is sulphate of magnesia or soda; with these a sulphate of barytes is formed, which is per- fectly insoluble, and may be brought oil' by emetics and copious diluents, oleaginous or albuminous. 252 POISONS. COPPER. The sulphate of this metal is, perhaps, the only chemical pre- paration that is likely to be taken into the stomach. A more ordinary mode of poisoning is the careless use of culinary vessels, or mineral water fountains. All saccharine preparations, and the prussiates of potash and iron are considered as antidotes. But our safest reliance is upon albumen, with copious draughts of warm milk, and brown sugar or molasses. Vinegar in all cases must be avoided. The French physicians have tried iron-filings, in con- sequence of the power possessed by this metal of reducing the salts of copper; and the results they obtained, in some experiments performed on animals, are such as to justify considerable con- fidence in the antidote. GOLD. The nitro-muriate of gold is a powerful poison. Its antidotes are sulphate of iron, (which throws down the gold in a metallic state,) and the free use of mucilaginous drinks. IODINE AND IODIDE OF POTASSIUM. Ten or twenty grains of Iodine sometimes, though not always, produce constriction of the fauces, nausea, vomiting and severe colic pain. The supposed antidote for these preparations is starch freely given, or what answers the same purpose, flour mixed with water. LAUDANUM. Laudanum, when taken in large quantity, must be withdrawn from the stomach by active emetics, or by tickling the fauces. The stomach tube should then be used to remove whatever remains of the poison. Diluted vegetable acids, and vinegar in particular, are afterwards necessary, and active stimulants are often required. Iodine, bromine and chlorine are stated by M.. Donne, of Paris, to be antidotes for poisoning by nux vomica and opium. M. Orfila thinks that the decoction of galls may with propriety be used as an imperfect antidote, until the narcotic can be evacuated from the stomach. POISONS. 253 LEAD. The acetate is the only preparation which is resorted to as a poison. The sulphate of magnesia or soda is its true antidote, as it converts the poison into a sulphate, which is inert; also the alka- line carbonates and particularly the bicarbonates. Phosphate of soda is also a good antidote. If the patient does not vomit, give an emetic of the sulphate of zinc, which will not only empty the stomach, but convert any remaining soluble lead into an insoluble sulphate. MERCURY. All the preparations of this metal are poisonous, and corrosive sublimate in particular. Our chief and only dependence, accord- ing to M. Orfila, is upon the albumen of eggs, copiously swal- lowed, or introduced through the stomach tube, which should be resorted to when the patient cannot swallow or vomit. Enemata of the same should also be used. If the albumen be taken in sufficient quantities, it decomposes the sublimate, forming a triple compound of albumen, muriatic acid and calomel. If the remedy excites fresh vomiting, so much the better, and if symptoms of gastritis appear, they are to be treated in the usual way. M. Orfila has also established that a fatal dose of corrosive sublimate may be swallowed by animals with impunity, provided the white of egg or any other kind of fluid albumen, be introduced shortly before or after into the stomach. Cases are also upon record which establish that it possesses an equal efficacy in man. The gluten of wheat flour is also strongly recommended on the same principle, as an antidote to corrosive sublimate. To admi- nister it, nothing more is requisite than to mix the flour with water. The quantity taken must be very considerable. It is said to reduce the muriate to the state of calomel. Gluten of wheat flour is also given in the form of an emulsion with soft soap, by mixing partly in a mortar and partly with the hand, 5 or 6 parts of fresh gluten with 50 parts of soft soap. When neither albumen or gluten is at hand, milk forms a good substitute. " The only other antidotes deserving of mention here are iron filings and meconic acid. The former was recommended by Dumas, and must obviously operate by bringing the mercury to the metallic state. The meconic acid, particularly when com- 254 POISONS. bined with an alkaline base, affords, with corrosive sublimate, an insoluble and inert permeconate of mercury. The meconates of the ordinary alkalies, however, can scarcely be obtained in suffi- cient quantity to be applied to such a purpose; and from the smallness of the saturating power of meconic acid, it would be hazardous to administer the quantity of opium which would be adequate to the decomposition of a few grains of corrosive sub- limate, inasmuch as the muriate of morphia, which would be cotemporaneously formed, is a narcotic medicine of very conside- rable energy." MINERAL ACIDS. The first, because the most ready method of counteracting the action of the mineral acids, is the copious use of water, warm or cold, which, by simply diluting them, renders them less acrid, and at the same time assists the stomach in rejecting them. This course should be followed until the proper antidotes are prepared. These are, the alkalies, alkaline earths and soaps; common pearl- ash or carbonate of potash; carbonate of magnesia; chalk; and soap in solution. Calcined magnesia, though advised by some authors, is objectionable, inasmuch as the rapidity with which it would combine with acid in the stomach, might alone produce inflammation of that organ. The smallest quantity of nitric acid which is known to have destroyed life is two drachms; the smallest fatal dose of muriatic acid, was one ounce. NARCOTICS. The remedies employed in all cases of poisoning from this class of substances, are nearly the same, viz: the most active emetics, as sulphate of zinc in large doses, and ipecacuanha. In all cases where it is possible, the stomach-tube should be employed. After these evacuations, coffee and the vegetable acids are proper. NITRE. This salt is often taken in mistake for Epsom or Glauber's salts. When this happens, vomiting should be excited as speedily as possible, followed by the free use of mucilaginous drinks, hot gin-toddy, brandy and water, &c. POISONS. 255 OPIUM. We cannot do better in this place than transcribe what Dr. T. R. Beck, of Albany, says of the antidotes to opium. " The experiments of Orfila have demonstrated that the admi- nistration of vinegar, or rather vegetable acids, previous to the evacuation of the poison by vomiting, will accelerate and aggra- vate the action of the opium; but that when the opium has pre- viously been expelled, water acidulated with vinegar, or any other vegetable acid, will tend to diminish and correct the effects. Cof- fee, when prepared in strong decoction or infusion, rapidly lessens the symptoms, but cannot be considered as an antidote. The result of his experiments led him to give the following directions for the treatment of a person poisoned by opium. Induce vomit- ing, if possible, with sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper: but the administration of watery liquors with the view of pro- moting the vomiting, should be forbidden, as they dissolve the opium and promote its absorption. In order to ensure the action of the emetic, the patient must be kept roused either by dis- charging cold water over the head and breast, yet cold affusion must be avoided in the advanced stage, when the body is cold, and the breathing scarcely perceptible. To ensure success in every case, the patient must be kept awake, either by dragging him up and down between two men, or by flagellation on the back and soles of the feet. Artificial respiration may be used in desperate cases with propriety. Bleed the patient immediately after the rejection of the poison, and repeat this if necessary. Afterwards administer alternately water acidulated with any vege- table acid and a strong infusion of coffee warmed—and in ten or twelve hours exhibit an enema, and let the arms and legs of the patient be well rubbed. Purgative clysters should be continued, if it be suspected that any of the opium still remains in the large intestines."—Beck, Med. Jurisprudence, Vol. II. p. 403. These remarks are applicable to the poisonous effects induced by other articles of the Narcotic class, as belladonna, hyoscyamus, stra- monium, &c. Yet as these are not often taken with suicidal in- tentions, the quantity is seldom inordinately large. Emetics, if given soon after the poison has been swallowed, will at least re- move a part of it; after which the practitioner must necessarily be governed in the treatment by the nature of the peculiar poison, the amount taken and the patient's constitution. Stimulants are occasionally necessary from the first; in other instances, deple- tion ; but more frequently, each is in turn called for. 256 POISONS. OXALIC ACID. Death from this poison is generally sudden. A mixture of chalk and water is recommended by Dr. Thompson, for the pur- pose of converting the acid into oxalate of lime. The carbonate of magnesia, also, has been found by experiment to counteract the poison; but the other alkalies must be avoided, as they act with an energy little inferior to the acid itself. It is advisable to avoid giving warm water with a view to accelerate vomiting; for dilution promotes the absorption of the poison. PHOSPHORUS. This substance acts so immediately and so powerfully in decomposing the animal tissues, that no available antidote has hitherto been suggested. A small quantity is sufficient to destroy life. SILVER. The nitrate of this metal is sometimes taken by mistake: its antidote is common salt, largely given, with copious draughts of mucilaginous drinks to promote vomiting. The salt produces an insoluble muriate which has no power on the system. Beck. TIN. When any of the salts of tin are taken, albumen of eggs, or milk given freely, is the appropriate remedy. Milk forms a coagulum with the muriate of tin, and renders it innoxious. ZINC. The sulphate of this metal is occasionally taken in an over-dose. Warm water and emollient drinks are proper in such cases; but milk is particularly useful, from its power of decomposing the sulphate; also albumen, &c. POISONS. 257 The crystallized sulphate of zinc very closely resembles the sulphate of magnesia, and has been mistaken for it; a fact to be borne in mind by apothecaries and physicians. The following works have been consulted in arranging the pre- ceding remarks on Poisons: A Treatise on Poisons, by Robert Christison, M. D.—Turner's Chemistry.—Manuel de Medicine Le- gale, par A. Brierre de Boismont.—Orfila, Toxicologia Generale.— Beck, Medical Jurisprudence.—Henry, Thompson, Sic, Sic 23 I APPENDIX, NO. III. ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. "The science of medicine," says Dr. Gerhard,* "has recently received an important auxiliary to its resources, by the discovery that remedial substances when applied to the cutis, after the re- moval of the epidermis, produce their peculiar effects with nearly the same energy as if introduced into the alimentary canal. This mode of exhibition, which has received the name of the endermix method, or endermic medication, is always found much more effi- cacious than the ialatreptic method of Christien, or the adminis- tration of medicines by means of frictions on the cuticle." The endermic method requires the previous separation of the cuticle, which is best effected by a blister about four inches square. The cuticle should then be punctured or removed in very small patches, so that the medicine may come in contact with the vesicated surface. Substances used in this way, must be applied in two or three times the quantity requisite when given by the mouth. " The remains of the substance applied are much less than the original quantity, and sometimes no trace of it can be perceived; the whole appearing to be absorbed or mingled with the secretions." We avail ourselves of Dr. Gerhard's valuable paper for the following facts in relation to those medicines which act most effectually in the endermic method. Sulphate of Quinia.—A blister to be applied to the epigastrium during the apyrexia; and if the paroxysm returns before the quinia can be used, defer it until the next apyrexia. Apply four grains of powdered quinia, (either alone or with an equal quantity of starch,) four times a-day, for two successive days. A less irri- tating plan, however, is to dissolve sixteen grains of quinine in two ounces of water, with which the blistered surface is to be * North Amer. Med. and Surg. Jour., April, 1830. 260 ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES. repeatedly wet during the day, by means of a soft linen cloth. There is no occasion to remove the loose epidermis; it is all- sufficient to puncture it in several places to allow the solution to touch the denuded surface. Morphia.—The acetate and sulphate act readily and effectually; the latter is preferable because more soluble and less irritating. It may be applied in powder, in solution, or in the form of cerate. The dose varies from half a grain to two grains, and its effects are speedily perceptible. Digitalis.—Dose, two grains three times a-day. Aloes.—This medicine acts on the bowels with nearly the same certainty as if taken internally. Dose, ten grains, to be repeated, if necessary, in a few hours. Gamboge, owing to its solubility, purges freely in the endermic method. Dose from five to eight grains. Rhubarb, jalap, Elaterium and croton oil, contrary to what might be expected, do not produce catharsis, although they ex- cite severe local irritation. Squills.—This medicine in powder, sprinkled on a blistered surface three times a-day in the quantity of four grains at each application, causes copious diuresis. Its power is increased by combination witH digitalis, m the proportion of four grains of the former to one of the latter. Emetics from the vegetable kingdom all produce their effect in the endermic method; and tobacco does so without any pre- vious irritation of the skin. The same remark is applicable to mercury and iodine, which last is best applied in the form of ointment, made by rubbing a drachm with an ounce of cerate. Emetics derived from the mineral kingdom exert no specific action. INDEX. A. Absorbents, 234. Acetate of ammonia, 70. 85. of ammonia, embrocation, 133. of ammonia and camphor, 221. of ammonia and opium, 221. of lead with opium, 213. 221. of lead, epithem of, 230. of mercury, 177. of morphi i, 159. of zinc, injection of, 225. Acetous gargle, 229. Acorn coffee, 197. Acid, prussic, 102. sulphuric, 192. nitrous, 211. nitromuriatic, 211. nitric, 211. pyroligneous, 224. linctus of muriatic, 228. Acids considered as poisons, 254. Aloes with canella, 49. 64. 108. 114. with rhubarb and soap, 52. with gentian, 53. with ipecacuanha, 53. with asafoetida and soap, 54. with blue pill, 51. with guaiacum and rhubarb, 56. Alcohol with lime water, (lotion,) 229. Alkalies considered as poisons, 249. Alkaline bath, 139. Alteratives, 201. Althea collyrium, 223. Aloetic enema, 120. Almond emulsion with squills, 96. Alum, burnt, 141. Alum with kino, 213. with opium, 215. Alum with extract of bark, 215. 218. whey, 219. curd, 220. collyrium of, 220. and sulphate of zinc, 441. with oak bark, (gargle,) 226. with calomel, 231. gargle, 227, 228. Ammoniated counter-irritants, 124. Ammonia, citrate of, 88. carb. of, with valerian, 152. water of, 113. acetate of, 99. muriate of, with arsenic, 189. muriate of, injection, 225. phosphate of, 206. Amber oil, 97. 135. salt with castor, 171. Ammoniac mixture, 99. 104. and squills, 93. and nitric acid, 100. Ammoniuret of copper, 226. of copper, injection of, 226. Anodynes, 158. Anodyne draught, 164. pills, 84. 158. Angustura bark, 185. 198. Antacids, 234. Antacrid mixture, 182. Anti-emetic mixture, 238. Anti-herpetic ointment, 182. Antilithics and lithontriptics, 78. j Anthelmintics, 115. i Antidynous lotions, 124. I Antispasmodics, 171. Antimonial wine, 43. 86. wine with nitre, &c, 85. wine with aq. ammonia, 85. 262 INDEX. Antimonial wine with tine, of tolu, 86. powder, 83. powder with calomel, 82,83. Antimony, antidotes of, 250. Antiseptic pills, 153. Aromatic hartshorn, 156. pills, 151. sulphur ointment, 233. Arsenic, white oxide of, 143. ointment of, 129. iodide of, 210. pills of, 189,210. antidotes to, 250. Arsenical solution, 195. Arsenious acid, 143. 189. Arseniate of iron, 210. Argil, 217. Arrow root, 244. Asafoetida with magnesia, 57. with aloes, 54. wilh tolu, &c, 98. lac with aq. ammonite, 99. with soap, 171. with castor, 173. mixture, 173. witb valerian, &c, 173. enema, 175. \stringents, 213. B. Bath?, 138. Bareges, 138. sulphureo-gelatinous, 138. nitro-muriatic acid, 139. emollient, 139. sublimate, 139. alkaline, 139. artificial Harrogate, 139. Barytes, muriate of, 90. antidotes of, 257. Barium, 129. Balsam copaiva, mixture of, 68. with cubebs, 74, bolus of, 75. with tolu, 99. in pills, 68. Peruvian, 100. 224. Barley water, 240. with muriatic acid, 79. with nitre, 89. Belladonna, 101. 131. 167. extract of, 168. Beef tea, 245. essence of, 24.5. Bicarbonate of potash, 67. 71. of soda, 78.97. of soda with copaiba, 78. Bismuth w.th cubebs, 152. Bismuth pills, 189. Blake's toothach solution, 227. Blister issue, 147. Blisters, 121. Blue pill, 179. Blue pill with jalap and aloes, 51. with rhubarb, 53. with colocynth, 54. with aloes, 55. 209. Black wash, 145. drop, 166. Blood root, 98. Boneset, 89. 192. 199. Boiled flour, 244. Boracic acid, 174. Borage flowers with sarsaparilla, 87. Bougies, 148. Sharp's, 148. Dr. Swediaur's, 148. Bole with sulp. zinc, (injection,) 225. Borax, (gargle,) 227. Brown mixture, 95. Bran, decoction of, 100. 240. Brucia, pills of, 207. tincture of, 208. Bromium, 129. Bromide of potassium, 208. of iron, 208. Butternut, extract of, 54. Burdock in decoction, 87. Burnt sponge, 206. Burnt alum, 141. Buckthorn, 59. C. ! Cathartics, 47. ! Calomel with jalap, 48. 51. with jalap and rhubarb, 48. with rhubarb, 48. with extract of colocynth, 54. with squills, 69. with squills and digitalis, 68. with ipecac., nitre, &c, 81, 82. with opium, 82. with conium, 161. with opium and antim. 83. with gamboge, 114. with pink root, 114. wilh lime water, 145. pills, 176. with acetate of lead, 214. with laudanum, (injection.) 225 with alum, ointment of, 231. with quinia and opium, 209. Calves' feet jelly, 245. [ Camphor with emetic tartar, &c. 84 86. j with guaiacum, 86. I mixture, 111. 153. INDEX. 263 Camphor pills, 161. infusion, 166. julep, 154. enema, 120. 153. and mercury, 123. liniment, 131. with cantharides, 150. in milk, 154. with magnesia, 154. with myrrh, 154. with musk, 172. with acetate of ammonia, 221. with opium, 222. with Hoffman's anodyne, 165. cinchona, 186. with nitric acid, &c, 216. water with laudanum, &c. 217. Canella with aloes, 49. 108. Cainca, 73. Carrageen, 243. Carbonate of soda with ipecacuanha, 235 of soda with rhubarb, 235. of soda with magnesia, 235. of soda with gentian, 238. of potash with cochineal, 98. of potash, 97. of potash with opium, 238. of iron, 116. 185. Castor oil, 56. 58. with spirits of turpentine, 58. enema of, 42. Catechu with opium, 217. and alum, 215. injection of, 224. electuary, 217. mixture, 218. with logwood, 21.8. Castor with amber, 171. with asafoetida, 173. Cantharides, Dewees's tincture of, 113. with spts. of turpentine, 130 liniment of, 132. with camphor, 150. Cataplasm, antiseptic, 137. of pepper, &c, 135. of mustard, 135. of garlic, 136. of yeast, 136. of carbon, 136. of iodine, 136. of salt, 136. resolvent, 137. Caustics, 141. Caustic potash, 132. 141. lunar, 141. paste, 142. Cayenne pepper and alcohol, 135. infusion, Ccyenne pepper in pills, 151. Charcoal, 52. 136. Chicken water, 246. Chamomile infusion, 196. Chocolate, 244. Chalk with opium, 234. with rhubarb. 235. mixture, 216. 235. Cherry bark, 198. Chloride of zinc, 141. Chlorine fumigation, 106. liniment of, 132. Cider with parsley, &c, 70. Cinchona, 184. with uva ursi, 77. with serpentaria, 185. with cloves, 184. with camphor, 186. with Epsom salts, 185. extract of, with gentian, 187. wilh iron, 191. tincture of, 192. decoction of, 192. in port wine, 194. with valerian, 195. with lime water, 200. 219. enema of, extract of, 215. extract of, 187. Cinchonia, 194. Citrate of ammonia, 88. of potash, 83. i Cicuta. See Conium. | Cloves, 137. 157. 184. Copaiva. See Balsam. j Colchicum wine, 61. with Epsom salts, 62. with magnesia, 62. 73. with elaterium, &c, 63. with squills and tobacco, 72. with digitalis, 74. Cochineal with common salt, 116. with carb. potash, 98. Codeine, 165. Cod-liver oil, 212. Confection of sulphur, 54. Conium with tolu, paregoric, &cM 96. with ipecacuanha, 92. with hyoscyamus, 161. extract of, 161. with calomel, 161. infusion of, 167. Collyrium, opiate, 163. of alum, &c, 220. of vinegar, 221. of acetate of ammonia and camphor, 221. of acetate of ammonia and opium, 221. 264 INDEX. Collyrium, of sulphate of copper, 222. of corrosive sublimate, 222. of opium and camphor, 222. of nitrate of silver, 222. of popies, 222. of sugar, 220. of mercury, 220. of dry opium, 220. of acetate of zinc, 221'. of acetate of lead, 221. of iodide of potassium, 220. of strychnine, 223. emolient, 223. anodyne, 223. Colocynth with calomel, 55. with antimony, &c, 55. Confection of sulphur, 55. of opium, 217. Corrosive sublimate and lime water, 180. pills, 177. with hemlock, 177. mixture of, 180. solution of, 180.182. ooflyrium of, 222. injection of, 224. Cowhage electuary, 117; Cox's hive sirup, 95. Copper, sulphate of, 189. 226. ammoniuret of, 225. sulphate, collyrium of, 222. antidotes of, 258. Cough lozenges, 94. mixture, 95. Columbo with ginger, 186. 196. with rhubarb, 186. with magnesia, 235. mixture of, 238. Croton oil, pills of, 53. mixture of, 58. with potash, 58. Cream of tartar in solution, 70-. with juniper berries, 71. with jalap, 64. and sulphur, 50. Creasote liniment, 134. ointment, 130. pills, 215. mixture, 215. alcoholic solution of, 216. Cretaceous powder and opium, 234. Cubebs with copaiva, 74. with.ergot, 68. lozenges, 95. with bismuth, 152. with carb. of soda, 152. Cyanuret of potassium, 103. of iron, 129. of mercury, 129. 178. D. Dandelion, infusion of, 68. 76. pills, 69. with blue mass, 69. Denarcotized laudanum, 166. Decoction of burdock, 87. of cainca, 73. of pipsisseway, 76. of madder, 111. of cantharides, 130. of mezereon, 88. of lobelia, 88. of sarsaparilla, 87. 89. of barley, 240. of barley, with nitre, 89. of Iceland moss, 101. of seneka root, 104. 110. of aloes, 61. of geoffrea bark, 118. of pomegranate, 119. of turpentine and cantha- rides, 130. of sponge, 206. of bitter sweet, 168. of stramonium in milk, 168. ofcinchona, 193. of cinchona with valerian, 195. 198. of angustura bark, 198. of wild cherry bark, 198. of dogwood, 199. of bran, 100.240. Dewees's tincture of guaiacum, 112. tincture of cantharides, 113. carminative, 57. Deuto-iodide of mercury, 183. Dietetic preparations, 239. Digitalis with opium and calomel, 68. with squills and calomel, 69. and acetate of potash, 72. tincture of, with laudanum, 98. 167. with opium, 161. tincture of, 72. infusion and tincture of, 72. Diaphoretics, 80. Diuretics, 67. Diuretic drops of Ferriar, 72. liniment, 73. Doses of laudanum, 164. Dover's powder, 82. 91. Dogwood bark, infusion of, 199. Dulcamara, decoction of, 168. Dupuytren's antisiphilitic pills, 177. Dyspeptic lye, 237. INDEX. 265 E. Effervescing draught, 85. Elaterium with nitre and squills, 63. Electuary of senna and figs, 56. of jalap, nitre, &c, 64. of sulphur and senna, 64. of tin, 117. of cowhage, 117. of catechu, 217. Elixir paregoric, 167. vitriol, with sulph. of iron, 197. Embrocations, 133. Emetics, 42. Emetina lozenges, 45. 94. solution of, 45. Emmenagogues, 108. Emulsion of phosphorus, 155. Endermic use of medicines, 257. Enema of castor oil, salts, &c, 65. of Epsom salts and oil, 65. of colocynth and manna, 65. of spirit of turpentine, 65. of Epsom salts and senna, 66. of tartar emetic, 66. of tobacco, 66. of aloes, 120. of camphor, 153. of opium, 169. of laudanum, 169. of asafoetida, 175. of musk, 175. of extract of bark, &c, 200. of quinine, 200. of bark and lime water, 200. of acetate of lead, 229. Epsom salts with tartar emetic, 60. with senna and manna, 60. with nitric acid, 59. with colchicum, 62. Epithem of tincture of cantharides, 134, of camphor, and carb, ammonia, 134. of acetate of lead, 230, Epispastic ointment, 122. Epispastics, 121. Ergot, 109. and cubebs, 68. powder of, 109. infusion, 110. decoction, 110. tincture of, 111. sirup of, 111. Essence of beef, 245. Escharotics, 141. Ether with iodine, 207. Ether with laudanum, 174. Expectorants, 91. 24 Extract of hyoscyamus, 160. of stramonium, 160. of conium, 161. of belladonna, 167. of bark with gentian, 187. of quassia and gentian, 190. of cinchona, &c, 186. of cinchona with alum, 214. of logwood with catechu, 217. Euphorbia, oil of, 58. F. Febrifuge bolus, 188. Ferriar's hydragogue cathartic, 76. Ferrocyanate of quinia, 194. Fig electuary, 56. Flaxseed infusion, 101. Fleabane, 76. Fothergill's pills, 56. Fowler's solution, 195. Fomentation, 138. 231. Fumigation of chlorine, 106. of tar, 106. G. Gamboge with nitre, &c, 76. with jalap, &c, 49. with calomel, 54. Garlic cataplasm, 136. Gargle of galls and alcohol, 226. of oak bark, &c, 226. of sulphate of zinc, 227. of borax, &c, 227. of pomegranate, 228. of brandy, 226. of quinia, 227. of muriatic acid, 226. detergent, 228. mercurial, 229. acetous, 229. of acetate of lead, 229. of alum, 227. Galls, infusion of, 218. 226. sirup of, 219. ointment of, 232. Gelatinous bath, 138. Gentianin, 201. Gentian, with aloes, 53. with magnesia, 79. with quassia, 190. with sulphuric acid, 19b. infusion of, 201. Geoffrea bark, 118. Gold, nitro-muriate of, 191. Gold, antidotes of, 252. Ginger draught, 153. 157. 266 INDEX. Ginger with columbo, 186. Goulard's extract, 230. Granville's ammoniated lotions, 124. Griffith's myrrh mixture, 191. Griffitt's pills, 51. Gruel, water, 242. Rice, 242. Guaiacum with aloes and rhubarb, 56. volatile tincture of, 112. with tartar emetic, &c, 86. Dewees's tincture of, 112. with camphor, 155. with nitre, 81. with turpentine, 151. with cantharides, 151. Gum ammoniac mixture, 99. with squills, 93. H. Hartshorn jelly, 245. Hellebore, tincture of, 111. with myrrh, &c, 112. with savin, 112. Hemlock mixture, 163. See Conium. Hive sirup, 95. Hiera picra, 49. 64. 109. 113. tincture of, 114. Honey with borax, 227. Hoffman's anodyne, 165. 174. Hooper's pills, 109. Hop, tincture of, 165. infusion of, 199. Hope's mixture, 216. Huxham's tincture of bark, &c, 196. Hydrocyanic acid, 101, 102. Hydrocyanate of potassa, 103. Hyoscyamus with ipecac, 160. with turpentine. 166. with conium, 160. pills of, 160. with opium, 160. extract of, 160. infusion of, 168. and myrrh, 94. Hydriodate of potassa, 202. ointment of, 127. Hydragogue draught, 76. Hydrated peroxide of iron, 250. I &, J. Iceland moss, 101. Inhalation, 104. Infusion of parsley, 70. of junij.er berries, &c., 71. of digitalis, 73. Infusion of digitalis with tine, digit, 72. of uva ursi, 74. of senega, 96. of flaxseed, 101. of ergot, 110. of pinkroot, 118. of wild cherry bark, 198. of gentian, 201. of boneset, 89. 192. 199. of pleurisy root, 89. of pipsisseway, 90. of malt, 241. of flaxseed, 101. of dandelion, 76. of galls, &,c, 218. of sassafras, 156. of logwood, 218. of cayenne pepper, 157. of cloves, 157. of ginger, 157. of conium, 167. of hyoscyamus, 168. of columbo and giuger, 196. of quassia, 197. of chamomile, 198. of serpentaria, 199. of hops, 199. of gentian, 201. of seneka with ipecac, &c, 96. of lobelia, 46. of senna, 59, 60. of scabious, 76. of oak bark, 226. Injections per anum. See Enemata. for gonorrhoea, 223. Injection of ammoniuret of copper, 225. of sulphate of zinc, 225. of corrosive sublimate, 224. of same with mur. ammo., 225. of acetate of zinc, 225. of sulphate of zinc and bole,225 of sulph. of copper, 226. of tea, 226. of pyroligneous acid, 224. of infusion of catechu, 224. of Peruvian balsam and ox- gall, 224. Iodine, ethereal tincture of, 202. compound tincture of, 202. endermic use of, 259. waters, 204. inhalation, 105. cataplasm, 136. Iodide of barium, 129. ointment, 128. liniment, 128. of potassium, 113. 202. ointment of, 127. INDEX. 267 Iodide of arsenic, 129. of sulphur, 129. of mercury, 128. 150. 178. 183. 210. of iron, 129. 203. of zinc, ointment of, 127. lodo-dydrargyrate of potassium, 204. loduretted iodide of potassium, 128.204 ether, 204. waters, 205. Ipecacuanha, 42. 94. with tartar emetic, 42, 43, with rhubarb, 42. 54. with squills, 45. with aloes, 53. with calomel and opium, 81. 92. with guaiacum, nitre, 81. with myrrh, 91, 92. pills, 160. with hyoscyamus, 160. wine with antimony, 43. Iron, sulphate of. See Sulphate of Iron. protocarbonate of, 186. carbonate of, 185, 186. 191. lactate of, 1^6. ammoniated, 190. muriate of, with aloes, 113. 196. prussiate of, with guaiacum, 187. iodide, 203. arseniate of, 210. Issues and setons, 147. Jalap, with calomel, 48. with bitartrate of potash, 49. with gamboge, 49. with extr. of butternut, 54. with squills, 71. with cream of tartar, 64. James's powder, 82. Jarave, 247. Juniper berries, &c, in cider, 70, 71. with cream of tartar, 70. Oil of, 71. K. Kentish's ointment, 130. Kino with alum, 213. with opium, 217. Kirkland's neutral cerate, 232. L. Lac sulphuris, 50. ammoniae, 100. Lactucarium, 159. Laudanum, graduated doses of, 164. Laudanum, with spts. of turpentine, 166. denarcotized, 166. enema, 169. with ether, 174. antidotes of, 252. Laffecteur, Rob antisyphilitic of, 87. Lemonade, 241. Lead, acetate of, with calomel, 213. acetate, collyrium of, 221. acetate, antidotes of, 253. Lime water with alcohol, (lotion,) 229. with carb. of potash, 78. with corros. sublimate, 145. with calomel, 145. with cinchona, 200. and zinc, (lotion,) 229. and linseed oil, 230. with milk, 236. Liquorice with guaiacum, &c, 86. Lithontriptics, 78. Liniment of cantharides, 132. of croton oil, 132. of chlorine, 132. of ammonia and turpentine,130 with camphor, 131. with soap, 131. of oil of amber, 135. with ammonia and oil, 131. of creasote, 134. with ammonia and tartar emetic, J 31. of opium, 133. of tar, 133. Linctus, white, 97. of spt. of turpentine, 157. Lozenges, of emetina, 94. of liquorice, opium, &c, 94. of cubebs, 95. Logwood, infusion of, 218. Lotion of lime water, zinc, &c, 229. of same and alcohol, 229. of myrrh, 145. 230. Antipsoric, 145. 182. of bark, 231. of tannin, 231. of sulph. of potassa, 231. Lobelia syphilitica, 88. inflata, 46. Lugol's Iodine ointment, 128. Lupulin pills, 159. tincture of, 165. Lunar caustic, 141. 190. 222. M. Magnesia with rhubarb, 48, 49. with opium and asafoetida, 51 with sulphur, 50. 268 INDEX. Magnesia with Epsom salts, 57. with colchicum wine, 62. with infusion of gentian, 79. with fennel seed, 234. with carbonate of soda, 235, with columbo, 23$. sulphate of, 60. Madder, 108. 111. Male fern, 116, 117. Malt, infusion of,. 241. Mezereon, 88. Mercury, acetate of, 177. sivlph. of, with serpentaria, 84. with chalk and ipecac, 179. sulphate of, 179. red oxide of, 180. iodide of, 129. red iodide of, 150. cyanuret of, 178. antidotes of, 253. Mercurial plaster, 123. ointment, 123. 181. cerate, 131. solution, 180. gargle, 229. pills, 179. ointment, 183. lotion, 182. collyrium, 220. Mineral acids, 142.211.254. Morphia with tolu, 104. sulphate of, 159. 164. acetate of, 159. Mosely's solution, 44. Monesia, 217. Moxa, 145. Mucilage of starch, 246. Mustard draught, 44. cataplasm, 135. fomentation, 140. seed, 156. whey, 156. Muriatic acid and barley water, 79. with nitric ackl, 211. linctus of, 228. Muriate of barytesr 90. of iron with aloes, &c, 113. of iron, tincture of, 196. of ammonia and arsenic, 189. of ammonia with iron,&c 190. of ammonia, injection of, 225. Muriated tincture of iron, 190. Musk and camphor pills, 172. with sub-carb. of ammonia, 175. enema, 175. mixture, 173. Myrrh with henbane, 94. with sulphate of iron, 109. Myrrh with hellebore, 112. with ipecacuanha, 91. lotion, 230. with camphor, 154. mixture, Griffith's, 191. with zinc, 92. N. Narcotics, 158. antidotes of, 254. Neutral mixture, 83. cerate, Kirkland's, 232. Nitric acid with Epsom salts, 59. acid diluted. 211. lac ammoniac, 100. with camphor, 116. with laudanum, 216. Nitrate of silver, 222. of silver, pills of, 190, 191. of silver, collyrium of, 222. of potash with tartar emetic, 81. of potash with guaiacum, &c. 86. Nitre with barley water, 91. antidotes of, 254. with calomel and ipecacuanha, 92. Nitro-muriatic acid, 211. muriate of gold, 191. Nitrous powder, 92. Nut galls, infusion of, 218. Nux vomica powders, 162. resin of, 162. tincture of, 163. O. Oak bark gargle, 226. Oil of amber with tolu, 97. 135. of juniper, 71. of turpentine, 57,58.72. 79.119.154 of wormseed, 119. of spurge, 58. camphorated, 120. 135. liniment, 134. Ointment of tartar emetic, 123. of arsenic, 143. of red precipitate, 144. of white precipitate, 144. of iodine and calomel, 126. of iodide of zinc, 127. of iodine of potassium, 128. of ioduretted iodide of potas- sium, 128. of iodide of arsenic, 129. of cyanide of mere 129.183. of iodine, 128. of cyanuret of iron, 129. of iodide of iron, 129. INDEX. ^69 Ointment of iodide of sulphur, 129. of bromium, 129. of creasote, 130. of belladonna, 131.166. of sulphur, 131. 233. Kentish's, 130. of gall nuts, 231. of oxide of zinc, 231. of rhubarb and opium, 231. of tar and opium, 232. of iodide of mercury, 127.183. of alum and calomel, 231. of iodide of barium, 129. Oleaginous mixture, 56. Olive oil with ammonia, 118. Opium with nitre, &c, 84. with guaiacum, nitre, &c, 81. with ipecacuanba, &c, 81. with calomel and ipecac, 81. with camphor, &c, 222. liniment, 133. with soap in pills, 158. with hyoscyamus, 160. with digitalis, 161. enema, 168. with lime water, 168. suppository, 169. plaster, 170. with acetate of lead, 215. antidotes of, 255. with quinia and calomel, 209. Opiate confection, 160. mixture, 163. collyrium, 163. enema, 168. liniment, 133. Oxide of bismuth, 152. 189. of zinc, 190.232. of arsenic, 143. of zinc, ointment of, 232. Oxalic acid, antidotes of, 256. P. Paregoric with cicuta, &c, 96. with squills, 95. elixir, 167. Parsley infusion, 70. Panado, 242. Pea issue, 147. Peruvian bark. See cinchona. Peruvian balsam for the ear, 224. Pellitory, 181. Pectoral mixture, 102. Phosphorous emulsion, 155. Phosphate of soda, 51. of ammonia, 206. Pipsisseway, 76. 90. Piperina with gentian, 189. Pink root with calomel, 115. with savin, 116. infusion, 118. Plummer's pills, 84. Pleurisy root, 89. Plaster, warm, 137. of mercury, 123. of opium, 170. of mercurial ointment, 123. of tartar emetic, 123. Poppies, collyrium of, 222. Pomegranate bark, 119. gargle, 228. Potassa, sub-carb. of, with lime water,78. caustic, 141. hydrocyanate of, 103. sulphuret of, 230. Potassium, cyanuret of, 103. iodide of, 113.127,128.202. Pommade ammoniacale, 226. Poultices, 135. Poisons, 249. Protocarbonate of iron, 186. Protoiodide of mere, with morphia, 127. of mercury, 127. Prunes, decoction of, 61. Prussic acid solution, 101. mixture, 102. - Purgatives, 47. Pulvis antimonialis, 82. Pyroligneous acid, 224. mixture of, 215. Q. Quassia, infusion of, &c, 197. pills of, extract of, 190. with serpentaria, 193. Quinia pills, 187. with carbonate of ammonia, 188. in sirup, 193. in mixture, 193. tincture of, 194. with calomel, &c, 209. ferrocyanate of, 194. with blue mass, &c, 210. enema, 200. gargle, 227. R. Red precipitate ointment, 168 Rhatany, 215. 219. Rhubarb with calomel, 48. with soap, 52. with aloes, 52. with sulphate of iron, 53. 270 INDEX. Rhubarb with ipecacuanha, 48. with columbo, 196. with opium, (ointment,) 231. with chalk, 234. with carbonate of soda, 235. Rennet whey, 247. , Rice water, 240. gruel, 242. Rob antisyphilitique of Laffecteur, 87. Rubefacients, 123. S. Sagejea, 191. 241. Saline mixture, 83. Sarsaparilla decoction, 87. 89, with senna, &c, 87. beer, 247. Sago, 243. Sal eeratus with Seltzer water, 87. Salep powders, 242, Salicine, 188. Savin with ginger, &c. 109. with cantharides, 109. with hellebore, 152. with pink root, 116. with acetate of copper, 146. Sassafras infusion, 156. Scuddamore's gout mixture, 52. Scabious, 76. Seltzer water, 78. Serpentaria with sulphuret of mer- cury, 84. infusion of, 199. Secale cornutum, 109. Setons. 147. Senna wilh figs, 56. with manna and salts, 60. infusion of, 60. infusion of, with rhubarb, 38. Senna with pink root, 118. Serpentaria, 119. Seneka witb squills, 46. infusion, 96. in decoction, 104. 110. Seidlitz powders, 50. Sialagogues, 176. Sirup of galls and brandy, 219. Snake root, Virginia. See Serpentaria. Soap pills, 78. liniment, 131. Soda, carbonate of, with gentian, 235. phosphate of, 51. sub-carb. of, with copaiva, 74. Solutio vitriolica, 41. Sponge, burnt, 206. Spurge, 58. Spermaceti mixture, 101. Spirits of turpentine, 57. 70. with castor oil, 36. enema of, 65. mixture of, 50. 124. with ether, 120. with cantharides, 132. with laudanum, &c, 154. linctus of, 155. Spice plaster, 135. Spurred rye, 109. See ergot. Starch, mucilage of, 246- Strychnia pills, 162. tincture of, 162. draught of, 162. acetate of, 207. collyrium, 223. Stramonium, extract of, 160. Stimulants, 150. Squill with nitre, 67. with morphia, 69. with calomel, 69. with calomel and digitalis, 69. with paregoric, &c. 95, with colchicum and tobacco, 72. with carbonate of potash, 73. Syrup of, 95. with calomel and ammoniac, 93. with calomel, opium. &c 93. with seneka, 46. Steel filings, 190. Sub-carbonate of potash. See carbonate of potassa. Sugar of lead, 213. Sulphate of copper, 43. 189. 219. of copper, pills of, 189. of copper with bole, 225. of copper colyrium of, 222. of copper, injection of, 226, of zinc, 43, 44. of zinc with alum, 44. of zinc with myrrh, 92. of zinc in pills, 190. of zinc, (injection,) 225. 226. of zinc, (gargle,), 227. of zinc with bole, (injection,) 225. of potash with rhubarb, 49. of potash with opium, &c. 225. of potash with rhubarb, 49. of potash with opium, &c, 82. of magnesia, 60. of alum with kino, 213. of alumine with opium, 214. of morphia, 159. 164. INDEX. 271 Sulphate of iron with senna, jalap, &c, 109. J r' of iron with'aloes, &c, 110. of iron with extract of bark, &c, 172. of iron with sulphuric acid, 192. 197. of quinia. See quinia. Sulphur with bitartrate of potassa, 50. and magnesia, 50. confection of, 54. electuary, 64. ointment, 131. 233. Suet ptisan, 246. Supertartrate of potash, 50. Sulphuret of antimony, 84. of potash, lotion of, 133. 230. Sulphurous water, 138. Sublimate bath, 139. Suppository of opium, 169. Sweet spirits of nitre, 85. Swaim'd panacea, 87. Tannin, 215, 216. lotion of, 231. Tapioca jelly, 243. Tartar emetic solution, 44. and quinine, 44. enema, 66. with calomel, 92 with camph.and opium,84 plaster, 123. pills, 22. ointment, 123. Tartar whey, 247. Salt of. See carb. of potassa. Tar liniment, 133. ointment, 232. pills, 93. water, 100. fumigation, 106. lotion, 231. Tea injection, 226. Tin electuary, 117. antidotes of, 256. Tincture of to'u and antimon. wine, 99. of iodine, 113. of blood root, 98. of guaiacum, 112. of strychnia, 162. of digitalis, 74. of bark with citrate of potash, 192. of bark, 196. of hops, 165. of muriate of iron, 196. Tincture of catechu, (mixture,) 218. Tolu with digitalis, 99. with ammoniac, 99. 104. with amber oil, 97. with morphia, 104. inhalation, 105. with belladonna, 101. with cubebs, 95. Tobacco fomentation, 140. poultice, 46. enema, 66. with squills and colchicum, 72. Tonics, 184. Tartrate of soda, 50. Taraxacum. See dandelion. Turpentine pills, 69. 151. and cantharides, 130. liniment, 130. Turpentine mixture, 50. 124. Oil of. See spirits of tur- pentine. U. Uva ursi with soda, 68. 77. infusion, 74. Valerian with carb. ammonia, 152. with cinchona, 195. with carb. of iron, 172. bolus, 172. with musk and camphor, 172, 173. with Hoffman's anodyne, 174. Veratria, tincture and pills of, 62. Vegetable soup, 244. Vermifuges, 115. Vermifuge bolus, 117. Venice turpentine pills, 118. Vitriol, blue. See sulphate of copper. Verdigris, powder of, 147. Vinegar collyrium, 221. whey, 247. draught, 197. Volatile tinct. of guaiac, 112. VV. Water gruel, 242. Warner's cordial, 61. White precipitate ointment, 141. Whey, alum, 219. wine, 156. mustard, 156. rennet, 247. tartar, 247. 272 INDEX. Whey, vinegar, 247. Wine of ipecacuanha with antimony,43. of colchicum, 61. 73, 74. whey, 156. mixture, 157. of opium, 167. of tar, 100. Wistar's cough lozenges, 94. Wild cherry bark, 198. Wormseed oil, 119. Worm tea, 118. Yeast poultice, 136. Yellow wash, 145. Zinc, pills of oxide of, 190. sulphate of, 92. antidotes of, 25>6. acetate of, (collyrium,) iodide of, 127. ointment of, 127. chloride of, 141, 142. injection of, 225. gargle, 227. with lime-water, 229. THE END. fcv V J NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE IP NLM Q3E7M533 5 NLM032745335