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THE
MEDICAL   FORMTTLARY

                       IIEI'NG
      ACOLLECTION OF  PRESCRIPTIONS,
                    DERIVED FROM
          THE WRITINGS AND PRACTICE
                         OF

   MANY OF  THE MOST EMINENT PHYSICIANS
               IN AMERICA AND EUROPE.
                   TO WHICH IS ADDED

              AN  APPENDIX,
                      CONTAINING
   THE USUAL DIETETIC PREPARATIONS AND ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS
              THE WHOLE ACCOMPANIED WITH A FEW BRIEF

     PHARMACEUTIC AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS.
          BY BENJAMIN ELLIS, M. D.
I.4TE PROFESSOR OF MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY IN THE PHILADEI.PIIU COI.I.FGE OF
                    PHARMACY.
Mnrbos autem, non eloquentia sed remediis curari."— Cels. De Med. Lib. /
SIXTH EDITION, REVISED AND EXTENDED.
     BY SAMUEL CEORGE MORTON, M. k).. | O Y> A  ". > \
     P III L A DELPHI
LEA  & BLANCH
           1842.
SUAGFON GENERACSGFncr I
     W&-7—1801      |
A:
Mil) 
1842;
  Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight
hundred and forty-one, by
                         LEA & BLANCHARD,
in the Clerk's Office of the  District  Court of the Eastern District of Penn-
sylvania.
GRIGGS & CO., PRINTERS. 
        N.   CHAPMAN,  M.  D.

  PROFESSOR OF THE INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC AND
                    CLINICAL PRACTICE,

                          IN THE

     UNIVERSITY  OF PENNSYLVANIA,

                         ETC. ETC.

              WHOSE TALENTS AND URBANITY

HAVE RAISED HIM TO THE FIRST BANK IN HIS PROFESSION, AND HAVE ACQUIRED FOR HIM
                   THE CONFIDENCE AND KSTEEM

          OF A LARGE AND ENLIGHTENED COMMUNITY,

        _            THIS WORK

             IS VERY RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

                    BY HIS OBLIGED FRIEND,

                                        THE  AUTHOR. 
 
CONTENTS.
Class I.  Emetics -
     II.  Cathartics
            Enemata
    III.  Diuretics
    IV.  Antilithics
     V.  Diaphoretics
    VI.  Expectorants
            Inhalation
   VII.  Emmenagogues -
  VIII. Anthelmintics,
    IX.  Epispastics
            Rubefacients
            Baths, Fomentations, §c.   -
            Caustics, or Escharotics
            Mineral Acids
            Moxa   -
            Stimulating Ointments, $c. -
            Issues and  Setons
            Bougies
     X.  Stimulants  -
    XL  Narcotics
   XII.  Antispasmodics
   XIII.  Sialagogues    -
   XIV.  Tonics
            Alteratives -
   XV.  Astringents
            Injections  •
   XVI.  Absorbents -
Appendix, No. 1. Dietetics
              II. Poisons
              III.  Endcrmic Medicine, &c. -
Index  - 
 
THE  AUTHOR'S  ADVERTISEMENT

               TO THE THIRD EDITION.
   In preparing a  new edition of the  Medical Formu-
 lary for publication, we have endeavoured to render the
 work as complete as the nature of the subject will ad-
 mit.   The materials  have been carefully revised, and
 almost every class of medicines augmented, by the ad-
 dition of many prescriptions derived from the periodi-
 cal journals,  standard medical  works, and  our pro-
 fessional friends.
   We are chiefly indebted  to the writings of M. Ma-
 jendie, for the formulae relating to the newly discovered
 alkaline  remedies.  If we have occasionally inserted
 compounds which apparently belong to the pharmaco-
 poeia, it was  from a conviction of their utility to the
 country practitioner, and also from the fact that they
 are not contained in the ordinary pharmacopoeias.
   The list of Poisons with their Antidotes, has been re-
 vised;—the Index also has been formed on a  different
 plan from that of the first edition, and in such a way
 that simple medicines, and their numerous compounds,
 may be referred to at a glance.
   We cannot close this article without expressing our
 sincere acknowledgments to  our friend Dr.  Chapman,
for the very flattering manner in which he has recom-
mended the Medical Formulary to his class in the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. 
THE  EDITOR'S  ADVERTISEMENT

               TO THE SIXTH EDITION.
  Having been originally associated with my lamented
friend, the late Dr. Ellis, in preparing this work for
the press,  and having superintended two editions since
his death,  I now submit it to the medical public in a
revised and  extended form.   Especial care has been
taken to employ the chemical nomenclature at present
in use, and to add to the former series of remedial com-
binations,  all those of recent discovery or modern  ap-
plication.  This, however, I  have endeavoured to ac-
complish  without altering the simple  arrangement or
unpretending character of the original work.
                                 S. G. Morton,
  November  1, 1841. 
PRE FACE.
  The elegant and judicious formation of prescriptions
is one of the difficulties which the young practitioner
in medicine is obliged to encounter.  While a student,
he is compelled from the circumstances under which
he is  placed, to confine his attention to the leading
principles of the science.  Consequently the minor
points, (and the  art of directing  medicines  is consi-
dered one of them,) are postponed to that period when
he shall have undertaken the practical duties of his
profession.
  To  obviate, in some measure, the inconvenience
which the graduate at first  experiences, the volume
now offered to the public was undertaken and executed.
It  contains, in a  condensed  form, and we think ad-
vantageously arranged, many of the  most important
prescriptions employed in modern practice, and which,
though most of them  may be already  recorded, are
scattered  through various medical works.
  The  arrangement framed  by Professor Chapman
for his Theraputics, appearing to combine greater ad-
vantages than any other, we have taken  the liberty of
adopting as the basis of this Formulary.
       2 
X                   PREFACE.
  Each class has been subdivided into Powders, Pills,
and Liquids; without any attempt to preserve the dif-
ferent preparations  of the same article together, but
only with a view to  convenience.  A few concise rules
will be found prefixed to each class, and observations
have been attached to those prescriptions, which pos-
sess peculiarities either in their composition or effects.
  The application of  the remedies to diseases has been
generally left to the judgment of the practitioner, and
Therapeutical detail  as much as possible avoided, as
it would have  been inconsistent with the nature and
design of the work.
  The object is to furnish models for extemporaneous
formulae, the proportions of which may be either in-
Greased or diminished, according to the age, sex, con-
stitution or  idiosyncracy of the patient, all of which
are to be taken into consideration when a proscription
is directed, as well as the climate and peculiar epide-
mic which may be prevailing.
   The prescriptions have been  couched in the Latin
 language, and the names of the several  articles will be
 found regularly terminated.  The design was to fur-
 nish something like a Medical Grammar, to those un-
 acquainted with the dead language;  and even  those
 versed  in the classics,  may occasionally find words
 used in prescriptions which are new to them.
   A class of Dietetic preparations has been placed in
 the Appendix, No. I.  They are  written in the Eng-
 lish language, and it is hoped  that they may be found 
PREFACE.                   xi
 useful in furnishing directions necessary to be given
 to the nurse.
   In the Appendix, No. II. we  have arranged those
 poisons which are usually taken by accident or design,
 with their appropriate antidotes and some practical ob-
 servations.
   Appendix No. III. contains some concise remarks
 on the mode of using remedies on the *' enderrnic plan"
 as well as the quantities employed, and the effects pro-
 duced by several of the most potent remedial agents.
   The materials for the work have been collected from
 various sources, the writings of  different authors, pe-
 riodical journals,  manuscripts and the contributions
 of our friends.  It is hoped  therefore,  that the  dif-
 ficulties which have attended its progress will form
 some apology for the errors which  it may possibly be
 found to contain.  As a reason for not more frequently
 attaching the names of  authors  to  the prescriptions,
 it may be observed, that  they are a kind of  common
 medical property which every physician feels himself
 privileged not only to employ, but modify as may best
 correspond with his own views.   It is, therefore, dif-
ficult to  say to  whom  many of them belong;  they
have been touched, and  retouched, till they have lost
their identity.
   In conclusion, we beg leave  to present our acknow-
ledgments to some of our friends for the encouragement
they have given to  the  undertaking.  To Dr. Chap-
man we are  particularly indebted  for the kindness and 
Xh                    PREFACE.
interest he has manifested in its publication, and offer
to him, (the only return we cm make,) our warmest
thanks.  It is with  particular  pleasure we embrace
this opportunity of expressing  our obligations to our
friend  Dr.  S. G. Morton, whose intimate acquaintance
with the subject, and  classical knowledge, are  only
equalled by the kindness and industry he has displayed
in facilitating the work.
  There are others whose names it would gratify us to
mention, but who, we know, will be more  pleased by
our silence.  The countenance they gave  us  on the
present occasion has only increased the debt previously
incurred.
                                        B. E. 
INTRODUCTION.
  Before entering upon the main object of this wrork,
it is necessary to  notice a few circumstances which
pertain more especially to Pharmaceutic  Chemistry,
yet appear to be called for in this place; and though
they are familiar to every educated physician, may be
useful to the student who has not yet turned his atten-
tion to prescriptions.
  In the first place it is requisite to be well acquainted
with the signs of quantity, or those symbolic charac-
ters which are used in writing prescriptions.  In the
ancient practice of medicine there were very many
of these symbols, not only for the purpose of denoting
the quantity of the ingredient, but the ingredient itself
Most of these, however, have become obsolete; and a
few only are retained, as  indispensable to the conve-
nience of the practitioner.  These will be found in the
following  Table, which is adopted in  the Pharmaco-
poeias for the regulation of weights.
English Name.	Latin Name.	Symbol.	Contains
A pound, An ounce, A drachm, A scruple,	Libra, Uncia, Drachma, Scrupulus,	lb. 3, 3, d,	12 ounces. 8 drachms. 3 scruples. 20 grains.
  In the manipulation of liquid substances, measures
have in most countries superseded the use of weights: 
XIV
introduction.
the Table of measures recommended by the  London
College, gives particular  names  and symbols to  the
parts forming a gallon, in  order to prevent their being
confounded  with those denoting  weights;  as in  the
following Table:—
English Name.	Latin Name.	Symbol.	Contains
A gallon, A pint, A fluidounce, A fluidrachm,	Congius, Octarius, Fluiduneia, Fluidrachma,	none, 0, f 3, f 3,	8 pints. 16 fluidounces. 8 fluidrachms. 60 minims.
  It has been thought unnecessary in the following
pages to prefix the f to the signs of quantity used for
liquids, inasmuch as it is not a custom in this country
to do so, nor does the omission lead to any ambiguity
in compounding medicines.
  The minims used in the table, have been adopted by
the London College  in place of drops; and  although
we have not employed this measure in our  prescrip-
tions, yet we can  readily perceive it  possesses some
important advantages over the ancient practice.   The
symbol (m,) is sometimes  used  by medical writers,
though very improperly, to denote both minims and
drops.*  The size of a drop varies according to the
greater or less fluidity and gravity of the liquid, and
the shape of the vessel from which it is dropped; but
as a general rule, we  cannot do better on these occa-
sions than use a small phial with  a thin edge.  Dr.
Dorsey observes, that, "whenever great precision is
necessary, it is easy to dilute the active medicine, and
give it in form of a mixture.  If sixty grains be diffused

  * It will be well to recollect that ten minims of any fluid, if measured by the
graduated minim measure, will amount to about fifteen drops. 
introduction.
XV
in six  ounces of water, for  instance, each half ounce
will contain five."
  Whenever a table-spoonful of any liquid is ordered,
it is considered to be equal to half an ounce by measure;
and in the same way a tea-spoonful is used for a drachm:
these measures are sufficiently accurate where no great
precision is requisite.
  All  the prescriptions contained in this work, are
given in the Latin  language, without any other abbre-
viations than those in common use to denote the quan-
tity of an ingredient.  The directions for the adminis-
tration of medicines are expressed in English.
  Prescriptions, as usually sent to the Apothecaries,
are much abbreviated, and the same course  may be
pursued with regard to those contained in this collec-
tion.   For  the information of students  who have not
been in the practice of writing prescriptions, a Table
of  Abbreviations is subjoined. 
XVI
INTRODUCTION.
TABLE OF  ABBREVIATIONS.
Abbreviation.	Latin Word.	English Word.
aa	* Ana,	Of each.
Ad saturand.	Ad saturandum,	Until saturated.
Ad lib.	Ad libitum,	At pleasure.
Aq. tepid.	Aqua tepida,	Warm water.
Aq. ferv.	Aqua fervens,	Hot water.
Chart.	Chartula,	A small paper.
Coch.	Cochlear,	A spoonful.
Coch. mag.	Cochlear magnum,	A table-spoonful.
Coch. parv.	Cochlear parvum,	A tea-spoonful.
Colent.	Colentur,	Let them be strained.
Collyr.	Collyrium,	An eye-water.
Contus.	Contusus,	Bruised or broken.
F. vel Ft.	Fiat, vel Fiant,	Let there be made.
Fol.	Folium, vel folia,	A leaf or leaves.
Garg.	Gargarysma,	A gargle.
Gr.	Granum, vel grana,	A grain or grains.
Gtt.	Gutta, vel guttee,	A drop or drops.
Haust.	Haustus,	A draught.
Infus.	Infusio,	An infusion.
M.	Misce,	Mix.
Mass.	Massa,	A mass.
Mist.	Mistura,	A mixture.
Pil.	Pilula, vel pilnlae,	A pill or pills.
Pulv.	Pulvis, vel pulveres,	A powder or powders.
Q.S.	Quantum sufficit,	A sufficient quantity.
R-	Recipe,	Take.
Rad.	Radix,	A Root.
S.	Signa,	Write.
Ss.	Semi, vel dimidius,	The half.
Tinct.	Tinctura,	A tincture.
  The doses throughout the book  are applicable to adult age, unless
the contrary is specified.
* This is not properly a Latin word, but the Greek proposition *ya. 
CLASS  I.
               EMETICS.

   In the administration of Emetics, a few simple rules
are worthy of attention.   Whatever may be the appa-
rent necessity for emptying the stomach, we must take
into consideration all  the circumstances of the case,
and more particularly  if there exist  much arterial ex-
citement, with determination to the head; for where
these symptoms  are present, blood-letting should be
sometimes premised.
   Where poisons have been  taken, our  object is  to
evacuate the stomach  as  speedily as possible, and for
this purpose we select an emetic which is prompt in
its action.  But where the excitability  of  the stomach
is greatly diminished by a Narcotic, it is necessary to
assist the emetic by  the addition of  some  excitant.
Where such an effect is caused by opium, the system
may be generally rendered  susceptible by the use  of
vinegar, mustard, or ammonia.  In  these  cases, how-
ever, the stomach-tube is our best resource.
   Where free  vomiting  is desirable, it is effectually
solicited by plentiful draughts of tepid water or camo-
mile tea.
   The evacuation of the stomach may be greatly facili-
tated by tickling  the fauces with  a feather, or intro-
ducing the point of the finger as far back as possible,
and titillating the parts.
  There are a few cases in which emetics are obviously
inadmissible, as in apoplexy, or where there  is great
      3 
L«
EMETICS.
determination  of blood  to  the  head, depending upon
constitutional causes;  pregnancy;  hernia;  prolapsus
uteri;  active hemorrhage from the lungs  and uterus,
&c.   If emetic medicines  are ever allowable in these
diseases, it is for the most part in nauseating doses
only.
  By the frequent use of emetics, the stomach acquires
an increased susceptibility to their action; hence per-
sons of delicate habits should use them cautiously.—
When excessive vomiting occurs, it may be checked by
resort to some one or more of the following resources:
  Ice broken into small pieces, and allowed to dissolve
in the mouth.
  Lime water and milk, a table-spoonful of each, mixed
cold, and given at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes.
  A drop, or even half a drop of oil of Creosote, mixed
in a wine-glass of cold water, is one of the most effectual
anti-emetic remedies.
  Brandy and water, and clove, and green tea, conduce
to the same end; and where  other internal means fail
in irritable constitutions,  an anodyne injection will
sometimes accomplish the object.
  Among external  appliances, mustard to the epigas-
trium  is  one  of the  best:  also, spice-plasters, and hot
fomentations of brandy and cloves.—


                     POWDERS.

                 Powder of Ipecacuanha.
R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhse, 3ij.
Divide it into two doses.—Signa.—One to be taken in a little mo-
  lasses, or sugar and  water, and followed  by a draught  of tepid
  water.  If one  powder does not produce  the desired effect, the
  second to be taken in like manner.

       Powder of Ipecacuanha with Tartarized  Antimony.
 R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhse, 9j.
   Tartratis Antimonii et potassae, gr. i.
 Misce.—To be taken in the same manner as the former. 
EMETICS.
19
  Ipecacuanha is supposed by some to counteract the
effects of opium  by a specific principle, and hence the
above prescription is often used where that drug has
been taken: a more prompt emetic, however, will in
such cases, be preferable to this.

           Powder of Ipecacuanha with Rhubarb.
R. Pulveris Ipecacuanha?.
    ------ Rhei, aa. 9j.
Misce, et signa.—To be taken in sirup.

   More or less purging will generally follow the eme-
tic operation of this dose.
   The above are the principal combinations of ipeca-
cuanha for the purpose of vomiting.   It fulfils several
other  indications, which will be noticed under their
appropriate heads.

               Powde%of Sulphate of Copper.
 R  Sulphatis Cupri, gr. ij, vel x.
 Signa.—To be given in a little sirup of water.

   This medicine is seldom employed as  an emetic ex-
 cept in those cases of poisoning where  other articles
 have failed, or are not at hand.  It should be followed
 by a draught of warm water.   All vegetable astringent
 infusions are incompatible substances.

                 Powder of Sulphate of Zinc.

 R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x, vel 5ss.
 Signa.—To be taken in molasses, and followed by a draught of warm
    water.

    This medicine is very prompt in its operation; and is
 most generally  employed in  cases of poisoning.  It is
 also used as a nauseating remedy in phthisis; and both
 as an emetic and tonic  in dyspepsia.   The stomach is
 said  to  be  invigorated, rather than exhausted by its
 operation. 
20
EMETICS.
                 WINES, MIXTURES, &c.
             Wine of Ipecacuanha with Antimony.
R. Vini Ipecacuanha1, ^j.
   Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. j.
Fiat Solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken every ten or fifteen
   minutes until vomiting is induced, which may be assisted with
   tepid drinks.
                     Antimonial Wine.

R. Vini Antimonii, ^j.
Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken every ten or fifteen minutes until
   free emesis is effected.

   If antimonial wine is given  for the purpose of pro-
ducing speedy vomiting, we may safely give half an
ounce of it at once;  and in the croup of infants, twenty
drops every fifteen minutes, until the medicine ope-
rates, is a safe  dose.               *

              Solution of Tartrate of Antimony.

R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. vj.
   Sacchari albi, 3j.
   Aquae destillatae, ?iv.
Misce.—Fiat Solutio.—A  table-spoonful to be given  every ten or
   fifteen minutes, until it  operates freely.

   The wine of antimony possesses no  advantage over
this extemporaneous prescription;  and unless we know
the  proportion of antimony contained in each ounce of
the  former, and know also that  it has been recently
made, the latter is decidedly preferable.

                  Tartar Emetic and Quinine.

R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. iij.
   Sulphatis Quiniae, gr. x.
Misce et divide in partes vj. equales.—This preparation is commended
   by Dr. Gola as successful in intermittent fever, when quinine alone 
EMETICS.
21
  produced no  favourable result.  He directs a powder to be given
  every two hours during the apyrexia.  It causes  both emesis and
  alvine evacuations, and prevents the recurrence of the paroxysm.

                Solution of Sulphate of Zinc, <$c.
R. Zinci Sulphatis, 3iss.
   Aluminis, 3ss.
   Aquae ferventis, Oss.
Misce.—Let the solution be filtered through blotting paper.—Signa.—
  A  table-spoonful for adults, and a tea-spoonful  for a child of six
  months old, (and so in proportion to  the  strength and  age of the
  patient,) every morning upon an empty stomach.

   This is the celebrated solutio vitriolica of Dr. Mosely,
who principally employed it in dysentery and phthisis
pulmonalis.

                       Mustard Draught.
R. Pulveris Sinapeos, 3J-
    Aquae tepidae, Oss.
To be mixed and swallowed at once.

   This is a  very prompt emetic, and one that is always
at hand.

                 Emetic  Lozenges of Emetina.
 R. Sacchari albi, ?ij.
    Emetinae impurae, gr. xxxij.
 Misce, et fiant trochisci singuli, gr. xviij.
 One of these Lozenges taken fasting will generally produce vomiting
   in children.  Three or four will speedily excite it in adults.
                                                   Majendie.

                      Solution of Emetina.
 R. Emetinae fuscae, gr. iv.
    Aquae destillatae, ^ij.
    Syrupi simplicis, 5ss.
 Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Give two tea-spoonsful every half  hour.
 Emetina is destitute of the peculiar odour and nauseous taste of Ipe-
   cacuanha, and may therefore be preferable in some cases. 
oo
EMETICS.
  It will be observed that we have  introduced the im-
pure or coloured Emetina, which is much less energe-
tic than the perfectly white alkali.  The best antidote
for an over-dose, is a strong infusion of nut-galls.
  One grain  of  Emetina  will generally produce  as
much effect as sixteen  grains of Ipecacuanha.   Even
this  quantity of pure Emetina  wTould be an unneces-
sary large dose; and the emetic property will be readi-
ly obtained by dissolving a  grain in an ounce of water,
and  giving it  in  three or  four  doses at  the usual in-
tervals.

                Mixture  of Ipecacuanha, fyc.
R. Pulveris Ipecacuanhae, 3ss.
   Antimonii et potassae tartratis, gr. j.
   Tincturae Scillae, ^j.
   Aquae destillatae, 5vijss.
Fiat  mistura.—Signa.—Four table-spoonsful at first; afterwards two
  table-spoonsful every ten minutes, until vomiting is induced.

  This mixture is recommended in dropsies previously
to giving the digitalis.

                  Infusion of Ipecacuanha.
R. Pulveris ipecacuanhae, 3ij-
   Aquae bullientis, 5vj.
Macerate for one hour and filter.—Of this from  one to two table-
  spoonsful, may be  given every half hour, until in excite vomiting.

                 Infusion of Lobelia Inflata.
 R.  Herbae Lobeliae inflatae,  5j.
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
 Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A small wine-glassful may be taken every half
  hour, until vomiting succeeds.

   This native remedy, called  also Indian Tobacco, is
 frequently  exhibited in the form of saturated tincture.
 The dose of the  latter is a table-spoonful every  half
 hour until emesis is excited.  It has gained considera- 
EMETICS.
23
ble celebrity in the  treatment of Asthma, and is now
employed  by the " Steam Doctors" of the  western
country, as part of their treatment of all diseases.   Its
activity is so great that it should be administered with
caution.

               Sirup of Seneca and Squills.
R. Syrupi Scillae compositi, 5j.
Signa.—Give from ten drops to a tea-spoonful, every quarter, half, or
  one hour, according to the  age of the patient and violence of the
  disease.

   This is the Hive Sirup of Professor Coxe: it has ac-
quired much confidence from its efficacy in croup: and
should it  not  be  sufficiently active  in this violent dis-
ease, a grain of tartrate of antimony may be added to
each ounce.—See Coxe's Bispen. p. 343.

                     Tobacco Poultice.
R.  Foliorum Nicotianae, 5j.
To be beat up with sufficient  water  to form a cataplasm.—To be
  applied to the  region of the stomach, when emetics cannot be ad-
  ministered by the mouth. 
{   -m   ;
CLASS  II.
              CATHARTICS.

  As a general rule, it may be observed of cathartics,
that they are capable  of fulfilling three different indi-
cations :—1st. Simply to evacuate the bowels; 2d. To
excite an increased discharge from the mucous coat of
the intestines; and 3d. To stimulate the neighbouring
viscera, and cause them to pour out a greater quantity
of their peculiar fluids.  It seldom, or perhaps never,
happens,  that the same article will produce these three
different effects; in order to do this, we must combine
different substances in one formula.
  There  are some, as magnesia, that produce  their
effect by absorbing the acid generated in the alimenta-
ry canal,  and thus become converted into a purgative
salt.  There are others,  as aloes, that expend  their
principal force upon  the rectum and great intestines,
and for this reason are very advantageously employed
in diseases  of the lower bowels, as also in those of the
uterus and  its appendages.
  These remedies should always be given on an empty
stomach : if administered immediately after a full meal,
they arrest the digestive process, are liable to produce
nausea, if not vomiting, and do not open  the bowels
with the  same certainty or  effect.  When simple cos-
tiveness is  to be  removed, the evening mav be selected
for the exhibition of a cathartic.
   If this should not prove sufficient, we can repeat the
dose in the morning and at regular  intervals  through
the day, until the effect is produced.   The principle 
CATHARTICS
20
says Dr. Paris, which should govern our conduct in the
administration of purgatives, may be briefly stated.—
The excitement is to be repeated till the requisite action
is induced, yet no single excitement being such as may
prove an irritant to the organ.
   But in the treatment of many diseases it is prefera-
ble to  purge through the day, in order  that the sleep
of the patient may not be disturbed at night.
   The  operation of these remedies may be very much
accelerated by the  free exhibition of diluting drinks,
such as oatmeal gruel, barley water, &c. &c.
   By combination  we are enabled to modify and con-
trol the action of many remedies, and some of the most
drastic  purgatives may be made to operate mildly, and
yet certainly, by uniting several of them in the same
dose.
   Finally, the operation  of a  cathartic  may often be
promoted by a judicious venesection;  and if spasm of
the intestines be present, opium may be advantageously
joined with the purgative.

                      POWDERS.

              Powder with Calomel and Jalap.
R.  Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. v. vel x.
   Pulveris Jalapae, gr.  x.
Misce, et signa—To be given in molasses or sirup.

          Powder with Calomel, Jalap and Rhubarb.
R.  Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. v.
   Pulveris Jalapae,
   ------ Rhei, aa, gr. v.
   Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j.
Misce, et signa.—To be given as the former.
            Powder with Magnesia and Rhubarb.
R.  Pulveris Rhei, 9j.
   Magnesiae ustae, ^ss.
   Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j.
Misce, et signa.—To be given in sirup, or sugar and water.
        1 
20
CATHARTICS.
  The operation  of magnesia may be  effectually ob-
tained by giving the patient some lemonade, or a solu-
tion of super-tartrate of potassa, as a common drink.

             Powder with Calomel and Rhubarb

R. Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis,
   Pulveris Rhei, aa, gr. x.
   Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. j.
Misce, et signa.—To be given in molasses.

       Powder with Jalap and Super-Tartrate of Potassa.

R. Super-tartratis Potassae, 5ij.
   Pulveris Jalapce, 5j-
Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Of these, give one every two hours
  in molasses or sirup.

          Compound Powder ofJaktp and Gamboge.

R. Super-tartratis Potassae, 5'j-
   Pulveris Jalapae, $).
   ------- Gambogiae, gr. vj.
Misce.—Divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—To be given as directed in
  the preceding prescription.

  The compound powder  of jalap has been almost con-
secrated  to dropsical  affections;  but  it  forms  a very
convenient  purge in  many inflammatory  cases; and
when we wish  to increase  its  certainty and  activity,
we  may conveniently  add  the  Gamboge,  as in  the
above formula.

              Powder of Aloes, Canella Alba, 8,-c.
R. Pulveris Aloes, 3jss.
   --------Canellae albae, gr. xviij.
   --------Radicis Serpentariae  virginianae, gr. vj.
Misce.—Divide in  pulveres  vj.—Signa.—One every three  or four
  hours in sirup. 
                      CATHARTICS.                    27

   This compound, the hiera picra of the shops, forms
a very good purgative, and  is  usually employed as an
emmenagogue.

            Powder with Sulphate of Potassa, fyc.
R. Potassae sulphatis, 5J-
   Pulveris Rhei, 9iss.
   --------Floris Anthemidis, 3j-
Tere in pulverem, et divide in doses equales vj.
Signa.—Take one twice a day in sugar and water.
In dyspepsia and a sluggish state of the bowels.

        Powder of Sulphur und Super-tartrale of Potassa.
R. Sulphuris sublimati, ?ss.
    Pulveris Super-tartratis  Potassae, ^j.
Misce, et signa.—Mix in a  sufficient quantity of  molasses, and give a
   tea-spoonful four or five times a day to children.   In some diseases
   of the skin.

   It  should be  always recollected that sulphur pro-
motes insensible  perspiration in a very marked, degree,
and hence, renders the patient more liable to be affected
by the vicissitudes of climate.

       Powder with Milk of Sulphur and Calcined Magnesia.
 R. Sulphuris praecipitati vel Lactis Sulphuris,
    Magnesiae ustae, aa.. ?ss.
 Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken four or five times a-day.

    This preparation  is better adapted to delicate  sto-
 machs  than the former.   Either of them forms a good
 aperient during an alterative course of medicine.

         Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartrate of Antimony.
 R. Sulphatis Magnesiae, 3j-
    Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. j.
 Misce, et signa.—To be dissolved in  six ounces of water, and taken
    for  a dose. 
28
CATHARTICS.
   By combining tartar emetic with this and other pur-
gative salts, we promote at the same  time a gentle dia-
phoresis;  which, in many  slight  inflammatory aliec-
tions, is very desirable.

Powder with Tartrate of Soda, Tartaric Acid, #c. vulgo, Seidlitz
                        Powders.
R. Tartratis Sodae et Potassae, 5ij.
   Sodae Bicarbonatis, 9ij.
Fiat pulvis.—Signa.—To be dissolved in half a tumbler of cold water.

R. Acici tartarici pulverizati, gr. xxv.
Signa.—Dissolve in an equal  quantity of water with the above, and
  mix them both together.  To  be  taken while in  a state of effer-
  vescence.

   This a very popular purgative, and justly so; it is a
gentle aperient, and may be  taken  by persons whose
stomachs would reject any of the  ordinary saline pre-
parations.
                    Phosphate of Soda.
R. Phosphatis Sodae, 5j.

   This salt so  much  resembles in taste  the common
table salt,  (muriate  of soda,)  that it  may  be  conve-
niently taken in a bowl  of broth.   It is a  mild purga-
tive.
                          PILLS.
Pills of Calomel, Jalap, 8rc, {known as Griffins'  Cathartic Pills.)
R. Pulveris Jalapae,
   -------  Rhei,
   Saponis albi, aa. gss.
   Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. xxv.
   Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. iss.
   Aquae destillatae, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa:  divide in pilulas
      xxv.
Signa.—Two of these pills may be taken at  once, and repeated in two
   hours, if not sufficient. 
CATHARTICS.
29
  This combination of purgatives with  the tartrate of
antimony, forms a most excellent anti-bilious remedy;
and, in cases of fever, prepares  the alimentary canal
for the reception of other remedies better than a more
simplified preparation.

               Pills of Blue Mass, Aloes, fyc.

R. Massae ex Hydrargyro,
   Pulveris Jalapae,
   -------Aloes, aa. gr. xv.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas xij.
Signa.—Three may be taken at night, and the same dose repeated in
  the morning, if the first is ineffectual.

                Pills of Blue Mass, Soda, $c.

R. Massae ex Hydrargyro, gr.  ix.
   Pulveris  Rhei,
   Bicarbonatis Sodae, aa. gr.  xij.
   Syrupi Rhei aromatici, q. s. ut fiat massa, et divide in pilulas, xij.
Signa.—One, twice or three times a-day, as  an alterative in derange-
  ment of the liver.                            Hartshorne.

                   Powdered Charcoal.
R. Pulveris  Carbonis, 3j.
Of this a tea-spoonful may be  given in milk, molasses, or sugar and
  water; repeated as often as necessary to keep the bowels in a solu-
  ble state.

  Charcoal occasionally  accumulates in  the bowels,
and occasions the most distressing constipation.  When
it fails, therefore, to operate promptly, some other pur-
gative should  be given.  It  may be  observed,  that
charcoal is exceedingly well adapted to  many cases of
dyspepsia, enabling the patient  to digest more, and  a
greater variety of food, than  he can without it.  The
safest and most effectual mode of using it is to dust it
over the aliments in  the same way  as pepper. 
30
CATHARTICS.
            Pills of Calomel, Rhubarb, and Opium*
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. xij.
   Pulveris  Rhei, gr. xx.
   --------Opii, gr. j.
Misce, et divide in pilulas viij.—Signa.—Four may be taken at once,
  and the remainder in one hour if the first are insufficient.

   This compound may be  employed when we wish
the effect  of calomel, and  when  there is pain in the
bowels; if there should  be much costiveness, it may
be necessary to follow the  pills with a  dose of castor
oil, or Epsom salts.

                 Pills of Rhubarb and Soap.
R. Pulveris  Rhei, 5j.
   Saponis  albi, gr. x.
   Aquae destillatae, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae xv.
Signa.—Three for a dose.

   To  remove costiveness, or produce a gentle  evacua-
tion in debilitated habits.

                 Pills of Aloes and Rhubarb.
R. Pulveris  Rhei,
   --------Aloes aa.  2ss.
   Saponis albi, quantum sufficit—ut fiant pilulae xxv.
Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken occasionally, in habitual
  costiveness and in dyspepsia.

          Pills of Rhubarb, with Sulphate of Iron, &c.

R. Pulveris Rhei,  riss.
   Sulphatis Ferri, ?ss.
   Saponis  albi, 9ij.
   Aquae destillatae, q. s.—Fiat massa in pilulus xl. dividenda.

   The intention of these pills is obviously to remove
costiveness,  and  impart tone to  the bowels.   They
were  a  favourite medicine with  Dr.  Griffitts, late of 
                       CATHARTICS.                     31

tli is  city.   Three or four  may  be  taken  for a dose
at bed-time.
                Pills with Aloes, Gentian, fyc.
R. Pulveris Aloes, 2j.
   Extracti Gentianae, rss.
   Olei Carui, gtt. x.
   Syrupi simplicis, quantum sufficit.
The mass to be divided into pills, each one weighing gr. iv.—Sig-
  na.—Two or three for a dose.

                     Pills of Croton Oil.
R. Olei Tiglii, gtt. j.
   Micae panis, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae iv.
Signa.—One every hour until  they operate.

  This  powerful  remedy has lately been restored to
the materia medica.   One drop is a full  dose, and  fre-
quently less will answer every purpose.

               Pill with Aloes, Ipecacuanha, fyc.

R. Pulveris Aloes, Jss.
   --------Ipecacuanhae, gr.  iv.
   Saponis albi, 9ij.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae xx.
Signa.—Two or three for a dose; and to be repeated when necessary.

   These  pills, with almost any other of the aloetic pre-
parations, from their specific  action on the rectum,
will sometimes  restore suppressed  haemorrhoids.

                        Aperient Pills.
R. Aloes  socotorinae, gj.
   Pulveris Rhei, ^j.
   -------Ipecacuanhae, gr.  vj.
   Saponis venetae 9j.
To  be divided into sixty-four pills.—As a simple aperient, one may
  be taken every night at bed-time; but where a full purgative effect
  is desirable, the dose is two or three. 
32
CATHARTICS.
               Pills with Asafcelida and Aloes.
 R. Gummi Asafcetidae,
   Pulveris Aloes,
   Saponis albi, 5a. 5SS-
   Aquae destillatae, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa in pilulas xxv. di-
     videnda.

   These pills are usually kept made by the apotheca-
ries, but  the physician  may prefer them recent, and
therefore the formula is here inserted.   We may alter
this prescription by substituting rhubarb for aloes, if it
is deemed preferable.   Three or four of them are suf-
ficient for a dose.

           Pills with Extract of Butternut, Jalap, fyc.
R. Extracti Juglandis cinerei, 5SS«
   Pulveris Jalapae, 9j.
   Saponis albi, gr. x.
Misce.—Fiant pilulae xv.
Signa.—Three or four of these may be taken for a dose, and if they
  do not operate, two or more may be safely administered.

  The extract of Butternut, either  alone or in  combi-
nation, is very  highly recommended as a  cathartic  in
fevers, dysentery, &c.

              Pills of Blue Mass, and Colocynth.
R. Massae ex Hydrargyro Extracti colocynthidis, 5a.  gr. v.
   Olei Carui, gtt.  ij.
   Fiant pilulae, ij.
These constitute an active cathartic.

                   Confection of Sulphur.
R. Sulphuris sublimati et loti, 5iss.
   Confectiones Sennae, 5ij.
   Potassae nitratis, giij.
   Syrupi Aurantii, q. s.—ut fiat confectio. 
CATHARTICS.
33
Signa.—From one or two drachms may be taken once or twice a-day.
  Useful in haemorrhoidal affections.

      Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth and Calomel.
R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, gr. xlviij.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xij.
Misce et divide in pilulas xij.
Signa.—One, or  at most  two of these pills will generally act  as a
  cathartic.

           Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, <$c.
R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, Bj.
   ------ Jalapae resinosi,  gr. vj.
   Pulveris Scammoniae compositi, gr. x.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. x.
   Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. j.
   Saponis veneti, gr. v.
   Olei Cassiae,  gtt. iv.
Misce et divide in pilulas xv.
Signa.—One, two, or three to be taken at bed-time, for a cathartic.
                                                Dr. Meigs.

            Pills with Aloes and Mercurial Blue Mass.
R. Massae ex Hydrargyro, 9j.
   Pulveris Aloes, gr. xxv.
Misce  et divide  in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One every two  hours  until
  they operate.

   In  cases of constipation  depending upon deficiency
of bile, these pills may be advantageously employed.

Pills of Compound Extract of Colocynth, %c. 8,-c, commonly called
                       FothergiWs  Pills.
R. Extracti Colocynthidis compositi, 5iss-
   * Oxidi Antimonii illoti, 5SS»
Misce  et divide in  pilulas xxx.—One of these  pills will  frequently
  produce  a  free evacuation; but  two or  more  may be taken when
  required, at bed-time.

  * This preparation of antimony was  formerly known by the name of Calx
Antimonii Illota.
           5 
3-1                     CATHARTICS.

                Pills with Aloes, (iuaiacum, $c.
R. Pulveris Guaiaci, 5ss.
   -------  Aloes, gr. xxxvj.
   -------  Rhei, j~ij.
   Balsami  Canadensis, quantum sufficit—ut fiat massa in  pilulas
     xlviij. dividenda.
Signa.—One to be taken every three hours.

   This  combination  forms a  highly stimulating  ca-
thartic.
                 Electuary of Senna and Figs.
R. Pulveris  Sennae, 3ss.
   Pulpae ficus, quantum sufficit—ut fiat electuarium.
Signa.—A piece, the size of a marble, night and morning, in costive-
  ness from  sedentary habits.

               MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c.

                     Oleaginous Mixture.
R. Olei Ricini, 3iss.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici, 5M-
   Sacchari albi, 3j-
Misce secundum artem, et tunc adde gradatim—
   Aquae Menthae sativae, 3iv.
   Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl vel 1.
Signa.—A table-spoonful every hour and a half or two hours,  until it
   purges.
   It is of some consequence in preparing this mixture,
to shake the oil  and powders well together before add-
ing the water, which  should be poured  in grad ually,
agitating it after each addition;  or, combine the whole
in a mortar.
               Mixture of Oil of Turpentine, fyc.
 R. Olei Terebinthinse rectificati,  5j.
    Pulveris Gummi Arabici,
     ------- Sacchari albi, 55. 3ij.
    Aquae Mentha? sativae, 5iv.
 Misce, et Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours, until it operates. 
CATHARTICS.
35
   This preparation must be made in the same manner
as the oleaginous mixture.

          Mixture with Magnesia,  Tinct. Foclida, »$-c.
R. Magnesiae carebonatis, 5ss.
   Tincturae Asafoetidae, gtt. lx.
    -------  Opii. gtt. xx.
   Sacchari albi, 3j-
   Aquae destillatae, 5j.
Misce.—Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Twenty-five drops may be given to
  an infant of two or four weeks old;  in flatulent cholic, diarrhoea, &c.

   This preparation is strongly recommended and much
employed  by Dr. Dewees of this city.
   If the calcined magnesia be used, it unites with the
resin of the asafoetida, forms  an  almost solid  mass at
the bottom of the  vessel, and defeats the object of the
prescription.

                Mixture of Carb. Magnesia, fyc.
R. Magnesiae carbonatis, 3ss.
    -------  Sulphatis, 3iij-
   Spiritus Ammonia? aromatici, 3j«
   Tincturae Rhei, 5ss.
    -------  Hyosciami, Jss.
   Aquae Menthae sativae, ?iv.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A large table-spoonful to be taken two or three
   times a-day.                                  Dr. Meigs.

          Oleaginous Mixture with Oil of Turpentine.
R. Olei Ricini, 5iss.
   Vitellum ovi, j.
   Sacchari albi, 3ij-
   Olei Terebinthinae rectificati, 5ss.
   Aquae Menthae sativae, ?iv.
Misce optime et fiat mistura.—Signa.—A large table-spoonful may be
   taken every hour, according to circumstances.

  This preparation is  much used by some of our best
practitioners, in cases requiring a brisk and stimulating 
36                   CATHARTICS.

cathartic.   It has also been recommended as a purga-
tive, after the effects  of an  over-dose of opium have
been  partially  subdued  by  the  proper  preliminary
remedies.

     Mixture of Oil of Euphorbia Latyris, or Oil of Spurge.
R. Olei Euphorbia? latyris, gtt. viij.
   Gummi Acacia?,
   Sacchari albi, aa.  5j>
   Aquae Menthae sativae, ^j.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—One half of this mixture may be given at once,
   and repeated in two hours if the bowels are not moved.

  The  oil  of spurge is an old remedy, lately revived
and introduced to notice by  the  Italians.   The Euro-
pean oil is stated to be  as mild  as castor oil, and as
prompt and efficacious as  the croton oil, in the above
doses.  The oil prepared from the beans grown in this
country, is said  to be much more  acrid, occasioning
both nausea and griping.

                   Mixture of Croton Oil.
 R.  Olei Tiglii,  gtt. j.
   Mucilaginis  acacia?,
   Aquae destillatae,  55. 5j.
 Misce et Signa.—To take  a  tea-spoonful every two hours until it
   operates.

              Saponaceous Solution of Croton Oil.
 R.  Olei Tiglii,  gtt. viij.
    Potassae purae, gr. vj.
    Aquae destillatae, 3ij.
 Fiat solutio.—Signa.—From three  to six drops may be given for a
    dose.

    This is a substitute  for  the soap of the  croton oil
 proposed by the French,  and which  is more trouble-
 some to  make.
    Mr. Conevel states, that four drops of this  oil rubbed
 on and round  the umbilicus, will produce a cathartic 
CATHARTICS.
37
effect;  even the  odour of it has been known to excite
the alimentary canal, either as an emetic or purgative.

            Solution of Epsom Salts with Nitric Acid.
R.  Sulphatis Magnesia?, 5ss.
    Tincturae Jalapae, 3j-
    Acidi nitrici, gtt. x.
    Aquae Menthae, 5ij.
Misce.—Signa.—To be taken for a draught.   The nitric acid is said
    to destroy in great measure the bitter taste of the salt.

               Infusion and Tincture of Senna, S,-c.
 R. Infusionis Senna?, 3vj«
    Tincturae-------, 3ij.
    Mannae, 3ij.
    Magnesiae sulphatis, 5ss.
    Aqua? Menthae sativa?,
    ---- destillatae,  55. 5iss.
 Misce.—Signa.—One half to  be taken for a dose, and repeated if it
   does not operate.  This  was a very common  prescription of the
   late Mr. Abernethy, of London.

                       Purgative Draught.
 R. Foliorum Senna?, Jij-
    Sulphatis soda?, 5ss.
    Aquae, ^iv.
    Syrupi Rhamni, 5j.
 The water should be added  boiling hot, and the infusion then cooled
   and strained.  A few grains of Jalap may be  substituted  for the
   Sirup of Buckthorn.

                Mixture of Magnesia, Rhubarb,  iyc.
 R.  Magnesia?  ustae, 3ss.
    Pulveris Rhei, gr. vj.
     ------- Sacchari albi, 3j>
    Essentia? Menthae piperita?, gtt. vj.
    Aquae destillatae. Siss.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every two hours to
    children, until it operates. 
38
CATHARTICS.
   This preparation  is designed  for the  bowel  com-
plaints  of children, in  which it is very  serviceable.
Laudanum  can  be added according  to the  age and
circumstances of the patient.

             Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia, <yc.
R. Sulphatis Magnesiae, ^j.
   Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j.
   Succi Limonis recentis, 5j.
   Aquae destillatae, 5iij.
Misce.—Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A  table-spoonful to be given every
   two hours until it operates.

         Infusion  of Senna, Sulphate of Magnesia, ifc.
R. Foliorum Senna?, 3vj.
   Manna? optima?,
   Sulphatis Magnesiae, 55. 5j.
   Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3\j-
Misce, et signa.—To be infused in a pint of boiling water for thirty
  or fifty minutes, and a tea-cupful given every hour until it operates.

                      Infusion of Senna.
R. Foliorum Senna?, 3vj.
   Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3ij>
Misce, et signa.—To be infused  in a pint of boiling water for half an
  hour; one-half to be taken at once; if insufficient, the remainder in
  two or three hours.

   This infusion may be longer kept if a little tinctura
sennse be added to it.

                     Decoction of Prunes.
R. Fructus Pruni, 5iij.
   Aquae, Jfeiij.
Decoque ad libras duas.—Used as a mild laxative.

             Infusion of Senna with Rhubarb, Sfc.
R. Foliorum Senna?, 5vj.
   Manna? optima?,  5j.
   Radicis  Rhei contusae, 3ij.
   Seminum Cardamomi contus: 3ij. 
CATHARTICS.
39
Misce, et signa.—To be infused  in a pint of boiling water  for one
   hour.  A tea-cupful given every hour till it operates.
     Compound Tincture of Senna, vulgo, Warner's Cordial.
R. Tincturae Sennae composite?, gj.                            /
Direct a table-spoonful, mixed with double the quantity of water, as
  hot as it can be drunk, to be taken for a dose, in  cases of violent
  pain of the stomach, where a cordial purgative is required;  to be
  repeated pro re nata.
                    Decoction of Aloes, <yc.
R. Extracti Glycyrrhizae, ^ss..
   Potassa? subcarbonatis, 9ij.
   Aloes Spicata? extracti contriti,
   Myrrha? contritae,
    Croci stigmatum, 55. 3j-
   Tincturae Cardamomi composita?, ^iv.
   Aquae destillatae, Oj.
Boil down all  the ingredients, except the last,  with the water, to
   twelve fluid ounces, and strain; then add the  compound Tincture
   of Cardamom.  The dose of this decoction is from half an  ounce to
   an ounce and a half, and is of service, frequently in dyspepsia, and
   wherever a mild warm cathartic is required.
                      Wine of Colchicum.
 R. Vini Colchici saturati, ^ss.
 Signa.—Twenty or thirty drops of this may be taken in sugar and
   water.   In cases of rheumatism or gout.
   The above preparation of the Colchicum or meadow
 saffron is made both of the bulb and seeds, but is most
 powerful when the  bulb is used.  The ordinary dose
 is twenty drops three times a-day, which may be re-
 peated  until it  affects the stomach, pulse,  or  bowels,
 when it  should  be  immediately  discontinued, and its
 use resumed with caution.
                   Colchicum and Magnesia.
 R. Magnesia? ustae, 3J.
    Sacchari albi,
    Gummi Arabici, 55. 5ss«
    Aquae destillatae, ^iv.
    Vini Colchici, gtt. xl. 
40                    CATHARTICS.

Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To take a table-spoonful every two hours until
   it operates.

  This preparation is much used in gouty and rheu-
matic affections.

      Scuddamore's Mixture of Colchicum and Epsom Salts.

R. Magnesia? Sulphatis, 3J ad ^ij.
   Aqua?  Menthae, ^x.
   Aceti colchici,  ^j ad  giss.
   Syrupi Croci, ^j.
   Magnesiae, 9viij.
Fiat mistura.—Dose, one, two or three table-spoonsful, repeated every
  two hours, until four or six evacuations are produced in twenty-four
  hours.  Chiefly used in gouty paroxysms.

                     Pills of Veratrina.
R. Veratrina?, gr.  ss.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?,  q. s.—-ut fiant pilulae vi.
Signa.—One of these may be  given, and if purgative effects do not
  follow, three may be given in one day.

  The active principle of this substance has been sepa-
rated, and the  name of Veratrina bestowed upon it.  It
is extremely poisonous, and, therefore, to be taken with
great caution.   Its  only recommendation is, that  it is
more certain  in  its operation  than  the  preparations
noticed  above.

                   Tincture of Veratrina.
R. Veratrina?, gr. iv.
   Alcohol, ?j.
Fiat  tinctura.—Signa.—This may be given in  doses of ten, fifteen,
  twenty, or twenty-five drops, in a cup of drink.  It is  designed as
  a substitute for  the Vinous Tinct. of  Colchicum, in dropsies, gout,
  rheumatism, &c.

   The  Tincture of Veratrina is recommended as  an
external application in the  diseases above mentioned.
For this purpose also the ointment is proposed. 
                       CATHARTICS.                    41

               Solution of Sulphate of Veratriue.
 R. Sulphatis Veratrina?, gr. j.
    Aqua? destillatae, ?ij.
 Fiat solutio.—Dose.—A dessert-spoonful.  This solution is said to be
   a good substitute for the Eau Medicinale of Husson, in gouty affec-
   tions.                                         Majendie.
                    Ointment of Veratrina.
 R. Veratrina? purae, gr. iv.
   Adipis suillae, ?j.
 Fiat unguentum.—Signa.—To be employed externally, in the cases
   above directed.                                Majendie.

   There is obtained from  the Veratrum another alka-
 line  substance called Sabadillin, which possesses the
 properties of Veratrina, but in a less  degree.   It has
 consequently been little used in practice.

                     Tincture of Aloes, $c.
 R. Pulveris Aloes socotrinae,
    ------- Seminum Anisi, 5.5. §ij.
   Spiritus vini gallici, Oij.
 Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—From one-third to half a wine-glassful, three
   times a-day.
   The above is highly spoken of by Dr. R. Pindall in
 hemorrhoidal affections.   He considers it almost a spe-
 cific,  notwithstanding the prejudice against  aloes, in
 these affections of the rectum.
                    Mixture of Elaterium.
 R. Extracti Elaterii, gr. j.
   Spiritus aetheris nitrisi, gij.
   Tinctura? Scillae,
   Oxymellis Colchici, aa. 3ss.
   Syrupi Simplicis, §j.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To take a tea-spoonful three  or four times a
   day in a little water.
   The above is the original prescription of Dr. Ferriar,
who recommends it in the several forms of dropsy, and
particularly  in Hydrothorax,
          6 
42                   CATHARTICS.

Tincture of Aloes and Canella Alba, vulgo, Tincture of Hiera Picra.

R. Tinctura? Hierae picrae, gj.
A lea-spoonful may be taken  every hour, or two  hours, until it
  operates.
         Electuary with Jalap, Nitrate of Potash, SfC.
R. Pulveris Super-tartratis Potassae,
   -------■ Radicis Jalapa?,
   ------- Nitratis Potassae, 55. §ss.
   Confectionis Senna?, §j.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiatelectuarium.—Of which a bolus the
size of a hazlenut may be taken three or four times a-day.

  This preparation once gained considerable celebrity
as a popular remedy for hemorrhoids.

                 Electuary with Sulphur.
R. Sulphuris sublimati, ^ss.
   Confectionis Senna?, giss.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiat electuarium.—A tea-spoonful night
and morning for a dose, in the disease above mentioned.

                   ENEMATA.

  Enemata, used either as auxiliaries to or substitutes
for cathartics, very properly succeed that class of reme-
dies.
  They are employed to  fulfill other indications, and
the different  preparations will be noticed under their
appropriate heads.  It is  usual to direct  three times
the quantity to be given for an enema that is required
for a dose^er os.   For the purpose of procuring a dis-
charge from  the bowels,  this rule may generally be
observed; but in some of the powerful remedies occa-
sionally administered, as opium and  tobacco, it might
be attended with serious consequences.
   The following are  the proportions  recommended by
Professor Chapman in the ordinary  enemata for per-
sons of  different  ages:—A child between  the ages of
one and five  years old, from |iv. to  3vj.   A youth of 
CATHARTICS.
43
ten or fifteen years, half a pint;  and an  adult, from a
pint to a quart, according to circumstances.

                   Enema with Oil, Salt, 8rc.

R. Olei Ricini vel Olivarum, gij.
   Syrupi sacchari rubri, §ij.
   Sodii chloridi, gss.
   Infusionis Lini tepida?, Oj.
Fiat enema.—One half to be thrown up the rectum with a syringe,
  and the  remainder in half an hour or an hour, if  the first produces
  no evacuation.

             Enema with Sulphate of Magnesia, Sfc.

R. Sulphatis Magnesiae, vel Soda;, §ij.
    Olei olivarum, ij.
    Solutionis Amyli tepidae, Oj.
Misce___Fiat enema.—Signa.—To be exhibited in the manner directed
    above.

                      Enema of Colocynth.

 R. Colocynthidis medulla? incisa?, 3J.
    Aquae bullientis,  ^x.
    Sodae muriatis, ^ss.
    Manna? optima?,  3*j.
 Boil the Colocynth in the water for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain
   —then add the other ingredients.  To be employed in cases of
   obstinate  constipation.

                   Enema of Oil of Turpentine.

 R. Olei Terebinthinae optimi, gjss.
    Vitelli unius ovi,
    Solutionis gummi Arabici, vel
    Infusionis seminum Lini tepidi, Oj.
 Misce.—To be administered secundum artem.

    The  Venice  turpentine may be  substituted  for  the
 oil directed in this prescription; and either of them, if
 required, may be given in larger quantities. 
44
CATHARTICS.
                Enema of Infusion of Senna, $-c.

R. Infusionis foliorum Senna?, Oj.
   Sulphatis Magnesiae, gij.
Misce.—One-half to be exhibited as an  enema, and the remainder if
   necessary.

              Enema with  Tartrate of Antimony.

R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, 9j. to 9ij.
   Solutionis gummi Arabici tepidoe, Oj.
Misce.—Exhibit as the former.

  Dr.  Chapman  recommends  this preparation  as one
admirably calculated to overcome constipation, which
is so obstinate as to resist the ordinary remedies.  It is
very powerful, and requires care in its management.

                      Tobacco Enema,
R. Foliorum Tabaci, gj.
   Aqua? ferventis, Oj.
Make an infusion in the usual manner, and use the half as an enema.
  It must be cautiously administered, as death has followed its impru-
  dent exhibition.  In case of great  prostration, the rectum should, be
  at once washed out with copious injections of water or other simple
  diluents, accompanied by the internal use of stimulating drinks, and
  the application of a mustard plaster over the region of the stomach. 
(  45   )
CLASS  TTI.
                DIURETICS.

  The rules for the administration of this class of re-
medies are few and simple.
  Where there is much  arterial excitement, a judi-
cious use of the lancet should precede the employment
of diuretics.
  The patient must be kept cool, and  every precau-
tion taken  against  perspiration; for these  two secre-
tions are well known to be antagonizing functions.
  In order  to ensure the full effects of diuretics, di-
luting drinks should be  freely given, and especially
those containing some diuretic in solution.

                POWDERS AND  PILLS.

              Powder of Carbonate of Potash.

R. Carbonatis potassae, 9ss.
This powder may be most agreeably taken in a bottle of seltzer water,
  and repeated three or four times a-day.

  The same quantity of carbonate of soda may be ad-
ministered in the  same manner.

                  Powder of Squill, $c.
R. Pulveris scillae, gr. xij.
   ——— Nitratis Potassa?, ^j. 
40                    DIURETICS.

Fiant pulveris vj.—Signa.—One to be given twice a-day in sugar and
  water.

  Some aromatic, such as cinnamon, may be added  to
this preparation, if  the stomach should be disposed to
reject it.

              Powders of Uva ursi,  and Soda.

R. Pulveris Uvae ursi, 3iss.
   Sodae Bicarbonatis, 3j.
Misce, et divide  in chartulas xij.—Signa.—One three times a-day in
  sugar and water.

  Useful in Nephritic complaints, and other affections
of the bladder.

            Pills of Digitalis, Calomel, Opium, <yc.

R. Pulveris Digitalis, gr. xij.
  Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iv.
   Opii, gr. iv.
  Confectionis rosae, q. s.
Ut fiant pilula? xij.—Signa.—One to be taken every eight hours.

  Useful in Hydrothorax and Ascites, depending on
visceral  obstruction.

               Pills of Balsam of Copaiva.

R. Balsami Copaiva?, gij.
   Magnesiae ustae gr. vij.
Misce in mortario.—

  Copaiva requires  for  its  solidification  one-seven-
teenth its  weight of perfectly pure magnesia.  It will
not, however, always become solid in these proportions,
as the balsam suffers changes by age.  The mixture
thickens in. about  six or  eight hours, and  acquires
greater  solidity by time.   The  mass may be formed
into pills  of  four grains  each, of which two may  be
taken  three or four times in the  day.   They answer 
                         DIURETICS.                      47

 all purposes of the liquid balsam administered  by the
 mouth.
                 Powders of Ergot and Cubebs.
 R. Secalis cornuti, 9ij.
   Pulveris Cubebarum, 3j.
   ------.Cinnamomi, gss.
   Sacchari purificati, gj.
 Divide into eight powders, of which one may be  given three or four
   times a-day.   In Leucorrhcea and Gleet.           Dr. Ryan.
                 Pills  of Extract of Dandelion.
 R. Extracti Taxaxaci, gss.
   Pulveris Glycyrrhiza?, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilula? x.—One to be  given  morning, noon, and night.  In
   Dropsy, and diseases of the urinary apparatus.

             Extract of Dandelion and Blue Mass.
 R. Extracti Taxaxaci, 3ss.
   Massae ex Hydrargyro, gr.  v.
   Pulveris uvae ursi, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilulae x, et signa; one to be taken morning, noon, and night.
   In Dropsy complicated with disease of the liver.

                Pills of Squill and Calomel, &c.
 R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis.
   Pulveris Scillae, 55. gr. xij.
 Conserva? rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilula? xij.—Signa.—One night and
   morning, in dropsies depending upon visceral derangement.

   This preparation is one of the most celebrated of the
diuretics; and where disease of the liver causes the
effusion, is decidedly one of the best.   When the calo-
mel affects the mouth, it may be omitted, and the squill
only continued.

                Pills of Sub-Carbonate of Soda.
R. Sub-carbonatis Soda? exsiccata?, 3j.
   Saponis  albi, 3ij.
Aqua? fontanae, q. s.—Ut fiant pilulae xxx.—Three  to be taken three
  times a-day.  Chiefly useful in calculous affections. 
48
DIURETICS.
                 Pills of Calomel, Digitalis, 6ic.
R. Pulveris Scillae  exsiccatae, gr. iv,
    -------  Myrrhae, 9j.
    -------Digitalis foliorum, gr. x.
    Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj.
                        Simul tere et adde—
    Asafoetida?, gss.
    Extracti Gentianae, q. s.
Fiat massa, in pilulas xv. dividenda.—Signa.—One  night and morn-
   ing.                                                    Paris.
                          Turpentine Pills.
R. Terebinthina? alba?, gj.
Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One four or five times a-day.

                 MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c.

             Mixture with Tincture Cantharides, &c.
R. Tincturae Cantharidum,
    Spiritus aetheris nitrici, aS. gtt. lx.
    Sacchari albi, £j.
    Aqua? Menthae sativae, 3ij-
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful may be  taken every  three  or
   four hours;  desisting, if symptoms of strangury should supervene.

                Mixture of the Spirits of Nitre, &c.
R. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, §j.
    Tincturae Scillae, £ij.
Fiat  mistura—of which give a tea-spoonful five or six times in the
   day, with the following infusion:—

R. Baccarum Juniperi, contus. 3j.
    Potassa? super-tartratis, §ss.
    Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.—A tea-cupful for a dose with the above mixture.

                   Solution of Cream of Tartar.
R. Potassa? super-tartratis, gj.
    Aquae destillata?, Oij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be freely drunk through the day. 
DIURETICS.
49
              Mixture of Acetate of Ammonia, &c.

R. Liquoris Ammonia? acetatis, 3ij-
   Potassae acetatis, irij.
Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful every three hours for a dose.

                    Infusion of Parsley.

R. Apii petroselini, 3j •
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio, et cola.—Signa.—A tea-cupful  may be taken with a tea-
   spoonful of spiritus nitri dulcis, every three or four hours during
   the day.

   A popular  remedy in  the  strangury  arising from
blisters.

                Mixture of Tincture of Jalap, &c.

R. Tincturae Jalapa?, 3iij.
   Aceti Scillae, 5j.
   Aqua? Menthae piperita?, gj.
Fiat haustus.—To be  taken three times a-day.

            Infusion of Juniper Berries, 8rc* in Cider.

R. Bacca? Juniperi contusae,
   Seminum Sinapaeos,
    Radicis Zingiberis, 55. ^ss.
   ------Armoracia? contusae,
   ------Apii petroselini, 55. 3j-
   Succi expressi et fermenti pomorum, Oij.
Fiat infusio.—Of which a wine-glassful may be taken three or  four
   times a-day.

   The above compound is recommended by Dr. Par-
rish, in those cases of general dropsy which admit of
stimulation, and  in which the urinary secretion is dif-
ficult to promote.  He thinks he has found it of signal
advantage.   The cider should be old and sound.
           7 
f)0                      DIURETICS.

                    Oil of Juniper Berries.
R. Olei Juniperi optimi, 3ss.
Signa.—Five drops to be taken every three hours in sugar, gradually
  increasing the dose.                      j^<^\\     ^0>
                                       /c,\ v'       ""lJfnr .
                      Oil of Jumper, fc./QJ              ^y* ^

*\^Z\t.^                Nova   1395 ""
   Gummi arabici, 55. giss.
   Aquae destillatae, 3iv.                   >V^^'. ;-?Y  ^
Misce  et signa.—A  table-spoonful to  be  taken  eveTy hour cT two
  hours.
                Infusion of Juniper Berries, 4*c.
R. Bacca? Juniperi contusae, Siss.
   Super-tartratis potassa?, 3j.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.—Of this a tea-cupful may be taken four or six  times
  a-day;  adding to each  a tea-spoonful of the sweet spirits of  nitre.
  In general and local dropsy.

               Mixture of Colchicum, Squills, fyc.
R. Oxymellis Colchici,
Scillae,
   Tincturae Nicotianae, aa. 3ss.
M. Signa.—Take a tea-spoonful in a little water four times a-day.

  If requisite, the  Spiritus  setheris  nitrici  may be
added in the same quantity.   This forms  the  diuretic
drops of Dr. Ferriar.

                   Infusion of Digitalis, fyc.
R. Foliorum Digitalis, 3j.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oss.
Macerate for three hours, then strain.—Dose for an adult, a  table-
  spoonful three times a-day.

   The  prostrating effects of Digitalis should always be
 borne in  mind by the  practitioner;  and the rule  that 
DIURETICS.
51
when it acts upon the stomach,  the bowels, the pulse,
or the kidneys, it should be discontinued, cannot, when
we consider  the power of the article, be too scrupu-
lously observed.

               Mixture of Digitalis, Potash, $c.
R. Infusionis Digitalis, giv.
   Tinctura? Digitalis, gi.
   Acetatis Potassae, gj.
   Tincturae Opii, gtt. x.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day.

             Mixture of Spirits of Turpentine, <SfC.
R.  Olei Terebinthinae, gtt. C.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici,
   --------Sacchari albi, aa. gj.
   Aquae Menthae sativae, 5iv.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful four  or five times a-day,
  aided by some diuretic drink.

   This remedy is used in nephritic complaints with
great benefit; and in  the passage of  calculi down the
ureters often affords great relief.

                     Diuretic Liniment.
R.  Tinctura? Scillae,
   --------Digitalis, a.a. gij.
Misce.—Employed with good effect as a liniment  in symptomatic
  anasarca.                                    M. Rullier.
                    Decoction of Cainca.
R.  Radicis Cainca?, gij.
   Aquae, Oiss.
To be gradually reduced by heat to one half. Dose—a table-spoonful
  three times a-day.  In Dropsy.

   This root is  derived from the Chiococca anguifuga
a Brazilian plant, which has  of late  been extensively
and  efficaciously employed in Europe.   It  occasions
watery evacuations and  diuresis,  whence  its use in
dropsy.—See Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 108. 
52
DIURETICS.
          Mixture of Carbonate of Potash, Squills, fyc.

R. Carbonatis Potassae, gj.
   Succi limonis, q. s. ad saturandum,
   Tincturae Scillae, gss.
   --------Opii, gtt. xxx.
   Aquae Cinnamomi, giv.
Misce.—Fiat mistura—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three
  hours throughout the day.

   The vinegar or oxymel of squills may be substituted
in this preparation, if deemed preferable.   We selected
the tincture, as being more uniform  and least liable to
spontaneous changes.

              Mixture of Wine of Colchicum, ty-c.
R. Vini Colchici, gij.
   Magnesiae  carbonatis, gj.
   Aquae Cinnamomi,
   -----destillatae, 55. 3iij.
Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every three hours.

   The  vinum colchici is recommended by late  Euro-
pean writers as very beneficial in that particular  form
of Dyspepsia depending upon duodenal irritation; ob-
serving at  the same time to employ occasional  laxa-
 tives.
               Tincture of Colchicum and Digitalis.
 R. Tincturae seminum colchici,
    ---------Digitalis, 55. gij..
    Spiritus aetheris nitrici, 9j.
 Misce.—Dose—twenty drops on a lump  of sugar.  Given as  a diu-
   retic in Dropsy.
                     Infusion of Uva  Ursi.
  R. Uvae Ursi foliorum, 3j.
    Aquae bullientis, Oj.
  Pour the water boiling hot on the leaves, and let them macerate for
    twelve hours.  To be taken cold, from half a pint to a pint, daily.
    Chiefly used in gonorrhoea and irritable bladder. 
DIURETICS.
53
                Mixture of Balsam Copaiba.
R. Balsami Copaiba?,
   Spiritus aetheris nitrici, 55. §ss.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici,
   ------  Sacchari albi, aa. gj.
   Spiritus Lavendula? compositi, gij.
   Tincturae thebaicae, gj.
   Aqua? destillatae, giv.
Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three times
  a-day.

   This remedy is more  especially used  in gonorrhoea,
and is considered by Professor Chapman as a specific
in that disease.   A mode, perhaps, more elegant than
any other  of exhibiting balsam  copaiva,  consists in
dropping the quantity prescribed for a dose in a wine-
glassful of water, and then adding to it  a small quan-
tity of the Tine. Gentianse comp.   The balsam collects
into a  globule,  and is  surrounded by the tincture,
which, leaving  its taste in the mouth, covers entirely
that of the nauseous balsam.

            Mixture of Balsam Copaiva, Cubcbs, $c.
R. Balsami Copaiba?,
    Pulveris Cubebae,
    Mucilaginus gummi Arabici,
    Tinctura? Opii camphorata?, aa. gss.
    Sacchari albi, gij.
    Aqua? destillatae, ^ viij.
Misce secundum artem et signa.—A table-spoonful every three hours
   for a dose.

   We think we have found this remedy, in some  ob-
 stinate cases of gonorrhoea, more efficacious than  the
preceding formula.  The tincture of cubebs may be
substituted for  the powder—and the tine, opii  acetat,
3J. for the  paregoric, if  desirable.   Balsam  copaiva is
sometimes exhibited in the form of enema, for the cure
of gonorrhoea, by the French  physicians. 
54
DIURETICS.
                        Copaiba Bolus.
R.  Balsami Copaiba?, gij.
    Gummia Arabica?, Sj.
    Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s.
To be  made into  a  bolus, one-half to be taken  in  the morning, the
  other in the evening.

   This formula  is  much in use in the Parisian Hospi-
tals, for obstinate gonorrhoea and gleet which  resist the
ordinary treatment.

                 Pills of Copaiba, Calomel, fyc.
R.  Conserva? rosarum, 3j.
    Resina? pterocarpi, gj.
    Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xviij.
    Balsami Copaiba?, gij.
Misce.—To be divided into pills of six grains each, and one, two, or
  three to be taken morning and evening, according  to circumstances.
  They are  employed  against long-continued  gonorrhoea or  gleet,
  when the inflammatory symptoms have been removed,  and the dis-
  charge  is owing to an atonic state of the mucous membrane.
                                                     Ratier.
               Compound Mixture  of Copaiba, $c.

R.  Balsami Copaiba?,   I
    Aquae menthae,      L --  $
    Alcoholis rectificati,  j
    Syrupi simplicis,
    Spiritus aetheris nitrici, gtt. xviij.
Fiat mistura.—To be taken during the day in four doses,  followed by
  demulcent drinks.   In chronic gonorrhoea.
             Hydragogue Draught of Dr. Ferriar.
R.  Gambogiae, gr. iv.
    Spiritus ^Etheris nitrici, gj.
    Tinctura? Senna?, gij.
    Syrupi Rhamni,
    Aqua? Menthae, aa. §ss.
Misce.-Dr. Ferriar observes, that in cases of hydrothorax  where
  there was imminent danger  of suffocation, he has afforded  imme-
  diate reliei by the  above draught. 
DIURETICS.
55
                    Infusion of Dandelion, &c.
R. Infusionis Taraxaci, §iv.
   Extracti Taraxaci, gij.
   Carbonatis Sodae, gss.
   Tartratis Potassae, giij.
   Tincturae Rhei, giij.
   --------Hyosciami, gtt. xx.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—One third part to  be taken three times a-day
   In dropsical and visceral affections.                  Dr. Meigs.

                     Decoction of Pipsisseway.
 R. Pyrola? umbellatae, gj.
    Aquae, Oij.
 Macerate for  twelve hours, and then  gradually boil  it down to one
   half.   Dose—a wine-glassful three or four times a-day.—In Dropsy

                Spirituous Decoction of Pipsisseway.
 R. Pyrola? umbellatae, Ij.
    Aquae, I xij.
 Evaporate by heat to gvj.—Then  add two ounces of Gin.   Dose—a
   dessert-spoonful  every two  or  three hours, with diluent drinks.—
   In Dropsy accompanied by debility. 
(  S6  )
CLASS  IV.
   ANTILITHICS  AND LITHONTRIPTICS.

  Antilithics are those  substances which arrest or
prevent the formation of calculi in the kidneys or blad-
der.   Lithontriptics are supposed to possess the power
of dissolving calculous concretions, by acting on  the
substance which serves as the bond of union to  the
saline or acid particles composing the stone.
  To administer these remedies with any degree of
success, requires  a chemical knowledge of the ingre-
dients which enter into the formation of the different
calculi; attention must also be given to the properties
of the urine.
  As derangement of the  digestive organs almost al-
ways co-exists with these foreign bodies in the urinary
apparatus, we shall gain a very considerable advantage
by combining the remedies  of this class with those
which have  a tendency to restore the healthy action
of the stomach and bowels.
   When the Lithic or Uric acid abounds in the urine,
the alkalies will be found to produce the greatest bene-
fit; but where the salts are evidently of the calcareous
or magnesian character, the muriatic,  or some one of
the  mineral  acids, will be the most  appropriate re-
medy.
                     POWDERS.
              Powders of Uva Ursi, Bark, &c.
R. Pulveris Uvae ursi,
   --------Cinchonae, 55. gij.
   --------Opii, gr. iij. 
ANTILITHICS AND LITHONTRIPTICS.          57
 Misce, et divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one  may be taken three
   or four times a-day.

   The above is the original prescription of Dr.  Ferriar,
 who advises  the patient to  drink two ounces  of aqua
 calcis after each dose.

                            PILLS.

                           Soap Pills.
 R. Saponis albi, gj.
 Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One every two hours during the day.

               Pills of Sub-carbonate of Soda, dried.

 R. Pilula? sub-carbonatis Soda? exsiccatae, xij.
 One three or four times a-day.—As under Diuretics.

               SOLUTIONS, MIXTURES, &c.

              Solution of Bi-carbonate of Soda, &c.
 R. Soda? Bi-carbonatis, gj.
   Infusionis Quassia?, giv.
   Tinctura? Calumbae, gj.
 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a  dose four times a-day.

                     Solution of Sal Mratus.
 R. Bi-carbonatis Potassa?,  gr. x vel xv.
   Aquae Seltzer, gvj.
 Misce.—Draught, to be taken three or four times a-day.

            Mixture of Bi-carbonate of Soda, fyc $c.
 R. Soda? bi-carbonatis, gj.
   Mistura? amygdala?, 3iv.
   Balsami Copaiba?, gij.
   Tincturae Opii, gtt. lx.
Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful pro  re nata.—
   In acute  pain.
        8 
58         ANTILITIIICS AND LITHONTRIPTTCS.

  In combination with all these  alkaline preparations,
demulcent  drinks  may, with benefit, be  freely em-
ployed.
                     Lime Waaler, &c.
R. Carbonatis Potassae, 3ij.
   Aqua? Calcis, Oij.
Fiat solutio.—Of which a wine-glassful may be taken every two hours,
  mixed with an equal quantity of new milk.

                  Mixture of Magnesia, &c.
R. Magnesia? carbonatis, gj.
   Infusionis Gentiana?, gvj.
Fiat mistura.—A wine-glassful to be taken three times a-day.

  This  remedy  is recommended  by Brande, of Lon-
don, as superior  to the alkalies, in cases where the uric
acid abounds.

          Mixture of Muriatic Acid in Barley Water.
R. Acidi muriatici, gtt. Ix.
   Decocti hordei, §vj.
Misce.—Signa.—Dose, an ounce three or four times a-day.—In cases
  of stone, where  the calcareous properties are most apparent.

   The nitric acid has been given with the same inten-
tion, but appears to be  less useful than the muriatic.

                     Oil of Turpentine.
 R. Olei Terebinthina?, 3ss.
 Signa.—From thirty drops to a large tea-spoonful may  be taken on
   sugar, and repeated pro re nata.   See also the formula given under
   Diuretics.

   This  medicine has been frequently given of late in
 the  passage of urinary calculi down the ureters.   It is
 stated  by Dr. Physick, (than whom there can be  no
 higher authority,) that this remedy, proportioned in its
 dose to the degree  of suffering, affords more prompt
 relief than  any other. 
(   59  )
CLASS  V.
              DIAPHORETICS.

  Duinc the exhibition of this class of medicines the
patient must be confined to his bed; and when diapho-
resis is once excited, every precaution  must be taken
lest it be suddenly checked.
  Venesection should  generally be resorted  to when
there is much arterial excitement with  great heat of
the skin,  before  we attempt  to  give  diaphoretics.
Where  the  skin  continues steadily hot and dry, all
external warmth  must be removed,  and cold water
freely applied to the temples, hands, feet, &c, while
the room is to be kept  cool by a free  current of fresh
air.  Under  these circumstances,  cold water  may be
frequently and plentifully drunk by the patient. Diapho-
retics given in  conjunction with these general means,
will act with much more  certainty than if great  heat
of the  surface  is maintained by covering the patient
with heavy bed-clothes.  If it be desirable to produce
perspiration when the heat of the skin is not above
the natural standard, we shall obtain our object most
readily by placing the patient in a warm bed, giving
him warm drinks freely, placing his feet in warm
water, or applying hot bottles, or bags of sand, to  the
different parts of  his body.  The bags of sand accom-
modate  themselves to the inequalities of the surface,
and are therefore an excellent means of applying heat
externally.  Warm  bricks,  covered  with cloths, and 
60
DIAPHORETICS.
wetted with vinegar, may also be used advantageously.
Employed in this way they form  a steam-bath.   The
same effect may be produced  by  conducting the va-
pour of alcohol through a tube, under the bed-clothes
of the patient.
  In few words, then, we have described the manner
of producing diaphoresis under opposite states of the
system.   In the first instance we solicit, in the second
we rather extort it.
  It may be proper to observe, that in the febrile af-
fections the frequent change of linen about the patient
is not  only warrantable,  but  absolutely  necessary,
whilst employing this class  of  remedies.   Where,
however, we are  desirous  of producing  what is em-
phatically termed ua sweat," we should  envelope the
patient in a flannel shirt or gown, and avoid, as was
before observed,  every cause  which may suddenly
check the cutaneous  discharge, and more especially
purging and diuresis.

                     POWDERS.

         Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, $c.

R. Pulveris nitratis Potassae, 3J.
   Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj.
Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every two hours
  in sirup or molasses. In febrile affections.

  The  calomel may be  omitted or employed, at the
discretion of the practitioner.

        Powders with Opium, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, &c.
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij.
   ------ Ipecacuanha?, gr. vj.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iss.
   Nitratis Potassae, 3ss.
Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One  to be taken every  three
  or  four hours. 
DIAPHORETICS.
61
                Powders with Guaiacum, &c.

R. Pulveris Guaiaci.
   ------ nitratis Potassae, 55. 3j«
   ------ Ipecacuanha?, gr. iij.
   ------ gummi Opii, gr. ij.
Misce.—Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every three
  hours in a little jelly or molasses.

   The last prescription  is a stimulating diaphoretic,
and is particularly seviceable  in acute  rheumatism,
after the reduction of inflammatory symptoms.

  Powders of Sulphate of Potash,  Opium, &c.  vulgo,  Dover's
                        Powders.

R. Pulveris Opii,
   ------ Ipecacuanha?, aa, gr. vj.
   Potassa? sulphatis, gr. xlviij.
Misce.—Fiant  pulveres vj,—Signa.—One to be taken three times
  a-day.

   The principal use of the salt in this  preparation,
appears to be to  facilitate the  minute division  of the
other  two ingredients.   Its   crystals are extremely
hard, and it should therefore be broken down and re-
duced to powder in a mortar, at the same time with
the other articles.   It is one of the happiest and most
useful combinations, and has stood the test of time and
experience with undiminished reputation.   To  pro-
mote its operation, warm drinks may be freely taken
after each dose.

              Powders with Calomel, Opium, &c.

R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xvj.
   Pulveris Ipecacuanha?, gr. viij.
Misce.—Divide in pulveres viij.—Signa.—One to be taken  every hour
   or two  hours. 
62
DIAPHORETICS
  This  combination  is  recommended  by  Professor
Chapman  in dysentery.   From  its evident diaphore-
tic  tendency, we have been induced to place it under
this head.

                   Antimonial Powder.
R. Oxidi Antimonii cum phosphate Calcis, 3J.
Divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—One every two or three hours in fe-
  vers.  Mixed in sirup or molasses.
  This powder, which has been introduced as the suc-
cedaneum of  the celebrated  Fever  Powder  of  Dr.
James, has lately been pronounced inert by Mr. Richard
Phillips,  chemist of London.   Learning that  it had
produced  no effect when largely exhibited, he deter-
mined to examine it chemically, and found it to consist
of peroxide of antimony, (which he  says  is inert,) and
the phosphate of lime in mixture.  Dr. Paris observes,
" It will be  difficult for  the chemist to persuade the
physician  he can never have derived any benefit from
the exhibition of antimonial powder."

  Powders of Precipitated Sulphuret  of Antimony, Calomel, &c.
R. Sulphured Antimonii praecipitati,
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. gr. vj.
   Pulveris Guaiaci, rj.
Misce.—Fiant chartula? vj.—Signa.—To be taken morning and even-
  ing, with double or even triple proportion of the ingredients if neces-
  sary.  In some cutaneous diseases.

                    MIXTURES, &c.

Mixture of Sub-carbonate of Potash, Lemon Juice, &c. vulgo, Neu-
                  tral or Saline Mixture.
R. Succi liinonis recentis, 5iss.
   Carbonatis Potassa?, q. s. ad saturandum,
   Sacchari albi, tj vel 5ij.
   Tartratis Antimonii, gr. j.
   Aqua? destillata? vel mentha?, 5iij.
Misce.-A table-spoonful may be taken every two hours, in Fevers. 
                       DIAPHORETICS.                     63

   This preparation  is one of our  most  elegant  and
agreeable  diaphoretics.   Its powers are decidedly  in-
creased by the addition of  tartar emetic.   This, how-
ever,  may be omitted, and  the sweet spirits  of nitre
substituted, if preferred.

                 Solution of Citrate of Potash.

R.  Citratis potassa? preparatae, gij.
    Aqua? destillata?, giv.
    Olei limonis, gtt. ij.
    Sacchari albi, gj.
Misce.—A table-spoonful to be taken every two hours.—This prepa-
   ration is a good substitute  for the preceding one, and is in several
   respects to be preferred.

             Pills of Antimonial Powder, Calomel, &c.

 R. Pulveris Antimonialis, gr. x.
    Opii pulveris,
    Hgdrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. gr.  ij.
    Confectionis rosa?, q. s.
 Fiant pilula? aequales quatuor.
 Signa.—Two to be taken at bed time.  In acute rheumatism.

               Pills  of Tartar Emetic, Camphor, fyc.

 R. Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ij.
    Pulveris Opii, gr. vj.
    Camphorae, gr. xxxvj.
    Spiritus rectificati, gtt. iij.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s.
 Fiat pilulae  xij.—Signa.—One  to be taken every fourth hour.

              Pills of Red Sulphur et of Mercury, §-c.

 R. Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri,
    Pulveris Serpentariae, aa gss.
    Syrupi  simplicis, q. s.
 Fiat  pilula? xij.—Signa.—Two of these  may be taken  three times a
    day. 
64
DIAPHORETICS.
   They are alterative as well  as diaphoretic, and will
be found useful in herpetic, and  other obstinate  cuta-
neous complaints.
   Pills of Sulphur et of Antimony, $c.—Olim Plummets Pills.
R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis,
   Antimonii sulphureti, aa. 3SS.
   Pulveris  Guaiaci, gj.
   Balsami Copaiba?, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae lx.
Three of these pills may be taken night and morning.
   They were recommended by Professor Plummer in
leprosy, secondary syphilis affecting  the  skin, gleets,
old ulcers, &c. &c.   The decoction of Guaiacum gene-
rally accompanies their use.

                      Anodyne Pills.
R. Extracti  Opii, gr. x.
   Antimonii sulphureti praecipitati, gr. xij.
   Nitratis Potassap,  gr. xxiv.
   Syrupi simplicis,  q. s.
   Ut fiant pilulae vj.
Signa.—One  at bed-time in rheumatic  affections.  To diminish pain
   and produce diaphoresis.                    M. Recamier.

                   Effervescing Draught.
R. Carbonatis Potassae, gij.
   Aqua? destillatae, ^iv.
Misce et fiat solutio.

R. Succi limonis recentis,
   Aquae destillata?, 55. gij.
Misce, et signa.—Mix two table-spoonsful of the lemonade with one
  of the alkaline solution, and  let it be drunk while effervescing, and
  repeated pro re nata.

   This preparation  differs from  the  neutral mixture
more in the mode of  exhibition than  in any other im-
portant particular.  It is of great value where  the irri-
tability of the stomach precludes the use of the ordinary
diaphoretics. 
                      DIAPHORETICS.                   65

        Sweet Spirits of Nitre, with Antimonial Wine, 8?c,
R. Tincturae thebaicae, gtt. xxv.
   Spiritus aetheris nitrici, gj.
   Vini Antimonii, gtt. xx.
   Aqua? destillatae, gss.
Fiat mistura.—To be given at a dose, and repeated pro re nata.

   Dr. Chapman observes in his Therapeutics—" This
combination  very frequently  acts as a  diuretic  in
dropsy/ and has more  than  once, within  my know-
ledge, removed the effusion in this disease, under cir-
cumstances the least to  be expected.

                  Sweet Spirits of Nitre, #c.
R. Spiritus aetheris nitrici, gj.
   Vini Antimonii, gij.
Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful nray  be taken every hour  or two
  hours, in barley water, during  the hot stage of intermittent and
  other fevers.

               Water of Acetated Ammonia, SfC.
R. Liquoris Ammonia? acetatis, 3 ij.
   Aqua? Cinnamomi, gj.
   Vini Antimonii, 3j.
   Aqua? destillatae, gij.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two or three hours.

          Tincture of Tolu with  Wine of Antimony, fyc.
R. Tincturae Tolutani, gv.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici, giij.
   Sacchari albi, gj.
   Vini Antimonii, gss.
   Aqua? Cinnamomi, gij-
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day.

   This is a stimulating  diaphoretic, and will be  found
serviceable in pectoral  diseases  accompanied with an
excessive mucous discharge, which appears to depend
upon debility of the lungs.
           9 
66
DIAPHORETICS.
         Mixture with Camphor, Antimonial Wine, fyc.
R. Mistura? Camphoratae, gss.
   Aquae Ammoniae acetatis, gss.
   Vini Antimonii, gtt. xx.
   Tinctura? Opii, gtt. xx.
Misce, et signa.—To be taken at bed-time, or oftcner, but in the latter
  case diminishing the quantity of laudanum.

   For  the prescription  for  Mistura camphorata,  see
Stimulants.
                 Mixture with Guaiacum, fyc.
R. Pulveris Guaiaci, gij.
   ------  Nitratis Potassae, giss.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici, 5j.
   Tartratis Antimonii, gr. iss.
   Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, 9j.
   Aquae destillatae, vel Menthae, gviij.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day.
   This preparation,  if made  without the  extract of
liquorice, is disposed to turn green, which gives it an
unpleasant appearance, and  alarms  the patient  some-
times so much as to induce him to refrain from it until
the  physician arrives.   It is employed  principally in
rheumatic cases.
            Sirup or Rob Anti-syphilitic of Laffecteur.
R. Radicis Smilacis sarsaparillae,
   Arundinis phragmitis, aa. gxxx.
   Florum Boraginis officinalis, gviij.
   Foliorum Cassia? senna?,
   Petalarum rosae alba?, aa. gij.
   Secchari albi,
   Mellis, aa. tbvJ-
Boil the sarsaparilla and marsh reed grass in  nine pints of water for
   one hour; strain off the decoction, and pour the same quantity of
   water on  the residuum, which is to be boiled for two hours: towards
   the end of the boiling add the borage flower, senna, and rose leaves,
   and then  strain oft; and to both decoctions add the sugar and honey,
   and boil the whole to the consistence of a sirup. 
DIAPHORETICS.
67
   The dose for  men is  six  table-spoonsful,  and for
women  four,  taken  without addition,  at  six  in the
morning.
   The sarsaparilla ptisan is then to be commenced;
and is made as follows:—
   Boil §ij. of  sarsaparilla in three quarts of water, to
two quarts,  suffer  it to  infuse  during the  night, and
strain it off in the morning.
   This is to be drunk by the tumblerful, and several
are to be taken during the day.
   The above preparation has lately been asserted, by
the New York Medical Society, to be nearly identical
with the noted panacea of Swaim.   It is believed that
corrosive sublimate is often introduced into these nos-.
trums at the discretion of the vender.   That both the
French  and American   have frequently salivated,  is
well ascertained.

                   Decoction of Burdock.
R. Radicis Arctii lappa? consisae, giij.
   Aquae fontanae, Oiij.
Reduce the fluid by boiling to two pints, and strain.  A tea-cupful
   may be taken for a dose, five or six times a-day.

   Recommended in syphilis,  scurvy,  arthritic affec-
tions, &c.
                   Decoction of Mezereon.
R. Corticis radicis Daphnis mezerei, 3vj.
   Aquae fontanae, tfovj.
Reduce by boiling to ifeiv., and near the end of the  decoction, add
   Radicis Glycyrrhiza? glabrae, gj.  Strain, and give from one to four
   pounds per diem, as  the stomach will bear it.  Recommended in
   scrofula complicated with syphilis, &c.

               Decoction of Lobelia Syphilitica.
l\. Radicis Lobelia? syphilitica? siccatae et concisae,  gss.
   Aqua? fontana1, tbxij. 
6S
DIAPHORETICS.
 Boil down to Jfeviij., and strain.  Commence with half  a  pint daily,
   and increase it to two pints per diem, until free purging is induced;
   then omit it for three or four days, and resume and continue in this
   way until a cure  is effected.

   Applicable to secondary syphilis, and those diseases
 depending on the excessive use of mercury.
   For a variety of  decoctions of  similar character, see
 Swediaur on Syphilis.

      Solution of Sulphate of Magnesia with Tartar Emetic.
Give of this solution a table-spoonful every hour.

   For the prescription, see Cathartics.

              Solution of Citrate of Ammonia, Sfc.
R. Succi limonis recentis, gj.
   Carbonatis Ammonia?, q. s. ad saturandum,
   Sacchari  albi, gj.
   Aqua? destillata?, vel Menthae, giv.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful may be taken every two or
  three hours, pro re nata.

   This preparation is  seldom employed in the practice
of this  city.   It may, however, be  beneficially given,
where we  wish  a pleasant stimulating diaphoretic.

                     Infusion of Boneset.
R. Eupatorii perfoliati, ?j.
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Infuse for thirty minutes  in a covered vessel.  Then decant and take
  a wine-glassful every hour,  till perspiration is freely produced.
  The infusion must be  taken as hot as it  can be drunk, otherwise, it
  may produce vomiting.

                 Decoction of Sarsaparilla, &c.
B. Give of the  Compound Decoction of Sarsaparilla, a tea-cupful four
  or five times a-day. 
                     DIAPHORETICS.                  69

   This  preparation, the  formula for which is to be
found in  almost  any  Pharmacopoeia, has  long  been
celebrated in the  sequelee  of syphilis, and  the  disease
produced by the improper exhibition of mercury.   It
is also  much  employed  in rheumatism.   The  rules
laid down in the Dispensatories for the preparation of
the decoction should be closely observed.

     Infusion of  the Asclepias Decumbens, or Pleurisy Root.
R. Radicis Asclepiadis decumbentis, ?j.
   Aqua?  bullientis, Oiss.
Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A tea-cupful to be taken warm, as frequently
  as the stomach will bear it.

   Professor Chapman observes  of  this plant—" As  a
diaphoretic, I  think it is distinguished by great cer-
tainty and permanency of operation, and has this esti-
mable  property,  that  it  produces its effects  without
increasing much  the force  of the circulation,  raising
the  temperature of the surface, or creating inquietude
and restlessness."—Therapeutics, Vol. I. p.  347.

          Decoction of Barley with Nitrate of Potash.
* R. Decocti Hordei, Oj.
     Nitratis Potassae, gij.
     Succi limonis, gj vel gij.
Fiat potus.—To be used warm by the patient as a common  drink.

                   Infusion of Pipsisseway.
R. Pyrola? umbellatae, ?j.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
Fiat  infusio.—A tea-cupful every two hours.

              Mixture of Muriate of Baryta, &c.
R. Muriatis Baryta?,
   Muriatis Ferri, aa. gss.
   Aqua? destillatae,
   Syrupi corticis aurantii, aa. 5j.
Fiat  mistura.—-Signa.—The dose may be from twenty  to thirty drops
  every three hours.  In some scrofulous diseases of obstinate cha-
  racter.                                        Hufeland.
              * For Decoction of Barley, sec Dietetics 
(  70   )
CLASS  VI.
            EXPECTORANTS.

  During the administration of Expectorants the pa-
tient  should  be kept warm, and, if the complaint be
violent, in bed.  The dose of all  Expectorants should
be repeated sufficiently often to allay the irritation as
mueh as possible; for it is  obvious that  the act of
coughing  increases  that very  irritation which origi-
nally gave rise to it.

                 POWDERS, PILLS, &c.

            Powders of Myrrh, Ipecacuanha,  Sfc.
R. Pulveris Myrrhae, gr. xij.
   --------Ipecacuanhae, gr. vj.
   —*-----Potassae nitratis, gss.
Misce, et divide  in doses quatuor.  One to be taken every fourth hour.
  A stimulating  expectorant.—Paris' Pharmacologia.

              Compound Powder of Ipecacuanha.
 R. Pulveris Doveri, gss.
 Divide in chartulas iij.—Signa.—One, two or three times a-day, in
  sugar and water.

   This remedy is introduced  under the head  of Dia-
 phoretics,  where perhaps it most properly belongs;
 but it often  proves  of such decided advantage as an
 expectorant,  that it also deserves an insertion here. 
                    EXPECTORANTS.                  71

     Powders with Nitrate of Potash, Calomel, Opium, fyc.
R. Nitratis Potassae, gj.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. vj.
   Pulveris Opii, gr. iij.
   ------- Ipecacuanhae, gr. vj.
Misce, et divide in chartulas vj.—Signa.—One every two or three
  hours in sirup or molasses.

   This preparation  closely resembles the former, with
the exception that it contains calomel, which is  often
serviceable in pleuritic cases.
   It may be  remarked, that  all  powders containing
calomel,  or  other  metallic preparations, should be
given in sirup or molasses, as they sink when water is
employed as the vehicle.

             Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh.
R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr.x.
   Pulveris Myrrha?, 3iss.
   Confectionis rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilula? xx.
   This prescription  is taken from the  Pharmacologia
of Dr. Paris, who recommends two to  be taken twice
a-day.
   It is  principally used in pertussis, in which disease a
more efficient direction would  be  to  give a pill every
two hours.  Dr. Paris remarks, that the principal nos-
trums for whooping-cough are formed either  of opium
or sulphate of zinc.

              Pills of Conium, Ipecacuanha, fyc.
R. Extracti Conii,
   Pulveris Ipecacuanha? compositi, aa. gr. x.
Misce.—Fiant pilulae iv.—Of which two  may be taken at bed-time.—
  In pulmonary  irritation, attended with rheumatic and other local
  pains.

                 Pills of Tartar Emetic, fyc.
R. Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae,
   Opii, aa. gr. iij.
   Pulveris Tragacanthae, gr. x. 
72
EXPECTORANTS.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilulae I.—Signa.—Two to be
 taken night and morning.  In obstinate pulmonary catarrh.
                                                Dr. Pariset.

                 Pills of Squill, Ammoniac, fyc.

 R. Pulveris Scillae, gr. xxx.
    Ammoniaci gummi resina?, 3iss.
    Extracti Conii, gr. xxx.
 Contunde simul, et divide massam in pilulas aequales xxx.—Of Which
   two may be taken twice a-day.  In asthma and chronic catarrh.

                  Pills of Squill, Calomel, fyc.

 R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. iij.
    Scillae recentis,
    Ammoniaci gummi resina?, aa- 9j.
    Pulveris Ipecacuanha? compositi, 3J.
    Confectionis rosae, q. s.—ut fiant  massa et divide in pilulas xxx.—
Signa.—One three or four times  a-day.  In troublesome cough.
                                               Dr. Latham.

   The recent squill is  greatly preferred  by some phy-
sicians.    It is generally given in doses double the size
of those of the dried article.

                   Pills of Sulphate of Zinc.

R.  Sulphatis Zinci, 9ss.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s.—ut fiant pilula? xx.—One of these pills
may be given three times a-day.

   They are  recommended  by  some  physicians  in
phthisis and  pertussis.

                         Tar Pills.
R.  Picis liquidae, 3J.
    Pulveris glycyrrhizae, q. s.
Ut fiant pilula?  xxx  vel xl.—One to be taken every three or four
    hours. 
                      EXPECTORANTS.                   73

                 Pills of Calomel, Squills, fyc.

R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xxiv.
   Pulveris Scilla?, 3ss.
   Tartratis Antimonii, gr. vj.
   Pulveris Opii, gr. xviij.
Fiant pilulae xxiv.—Signa.—One every night.  In catarrhal affections.

                       Ipecacuanha Pills.
R. Pulveris Ipecacuanha?, gr. xv.
   Saponis albi, q. s.—ut fiant pilula? xv.—Signa.—One three times
     a-day.

   These pills are employed in protracted catarrh,  and
in some cases of incipient phthisis.

                      Pills of Myrrh, $c.

R. Myrrha? gummi resinae, 3iss.
   Scilla? exsiccata?, Jss.
   Extracti Hyosciami, 9ij.
   Aqua?  destillatae, q. s.—ut fiant pilula?  xxx.—Two to be taken
     night and morning.

   These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in cases
of phthisis and catarrh  attended with great debility of
the lungs.

             Lozenges with Liquorice, Opium, 4*c.

R. Pulveris gummi Acacia?,
   ------- Extracti Glycyrrhizae,
   ------- Sacchari albi, aa. 3»j-
   ------- Opii, gr. vj.
   Olei Anisi, gtt. iv.
Misce, et adde—
   Aqua? destillatae, q. s.—ut fiant trochisci lx.—Signa.—One of these
may be dissolved in the mouth three or four times a-day.

   These are the celebrated Cough  Lozenges of  Dr,
Wistar.
           10 
74
EXPECTORANTS.
                       Emetine Lozenges.

R. Emitina? coloratae, gr. xxxij.
   Sacchari albi, gij.
Divide into  Lozenges, each weighing ten grains.  One of these will
  produce more or less nausea in a child; but if this is not desirable,
  they can be taken in divided portions.  Adults may take five or six
  at intervals of two hours, without the risk of vomiting.

                        Cubeb Lozenges.
R.  Pulveris cubebarum, 3ij.
   Balsami Tolutanae, gr. vj.
   Syrupi Balsami Peruviani,
    Extracti Glycyrrhizae, aa. 5j.
    Gummi arabici, q. s.
Mix, and divide into Lozenges of ten grains each.  These are called
  Spitta's Lozenges, and are  celebrated for  the relief they afford in
  Coryza.

                   MIXTURES, SIRUPS,  &c.

   Mixture with Extract of Liquorice, 8fc, vulgo, Brown Mixture.

 R.  Pulveris extracti Glycyrrhizae,
    ------- gummi Arabici, 55. 3ij-
    Aquae ferventis, 2iv.
 Misce.—Fiat solutio, et adde—
    Spiritus aetheris nitrici, 3'j.
    Vini Antimonii, 3ij.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl vel lx.
 Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro  re nala.   In catarrh.

                Mixture with Sirup of Squills,  fyc.
 R.  Syrupi Scillae, gss.
     Tinctura? Opii camphorata?,  3y.
     Vini Antimonii, 3j.
     Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3ss.
     Aquae destillatae, 5ij.
 Misce, et signa.—A tea-spoonful every hour  or two hours.

    This is more particularly designed for children. 
                      EXPECTORANTS.                    75

       Compound Sirup of Squills, vulgo, Coxe's Hive Sirup.
 R. Syrupi Scilla? compositi, 5j.
 A tea-spoonful may be given to a child of one year old every quarter,
   half, or one hour, according to the violence of the disease.

   Strongly recommended  in  pertussis,  by Professor
 Coxe.
   The following appears to  be  a  more  elegant com-
 pound.
 R. Infusionis Polygala? senegae, liv.
    Syrupi Ipecacuanha?, 5j.
    Oxymellis Scillitici, 3iij.
    Tartratis Antimonii, gr. iss.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful pro re nala for children of two
   years of age.  In croup.

                     Infusion of Polygala.
 R. Radicis Senega?, 3ij.
    Aqua? bullientis, 5vj.
    Syrupi Tolutanae, 5j.
    Gummi Ammoniaci, 2ss.
 Misce.—A table-spoonful is to be given every two hours.  In catarrh.

               Mixture of Extract of Conium, fyc.
 R. Extracti Conii maculati, 3j.
    Tinctura? Opii camphoratae, 3ss.
    Syrupi Tolutani, gss.
    Aquae rosarum, giv.
 Misce, et signa.—From half to a whole tea-spoonful may be given once
   in four hours to a child one year old.

   Dr. Pearson,  in  his  work on  pertussis, recommends
 the above  as a valuable formula where  a narcotic  is
 wanted.
               Mixture of Almond Emulsion, fyc.
 K. Mistura? Amygdalae, gv.
    Vini Ipecacuanhae,
   Tintura? Scillae, 55. gj.
   Syrupi Tolutani, gvj.
Misce, et si^na.—Take a table-spoonful whenever the cough is urgent. 
76
EXPECTORANTS.
   Almond emulsion is prepared by depriving the ker-
nels of sweet  almonds of their  skins  by immersing
them in warm water,  (called  blanching.)   Then beat-
ing  them with some  sugar to a pulp in a mortar, and
adding water gradatim until  an emulsion of sufficient
thickness is formed.   It is then to be strained.

                       White Linclus.

R. Amygdalarum dulcium, no. xv,
   Gummi Tragacanthae, Bj.
   Syrupi simplicis, gj.
   Olei Amygdali communis, gij.
   A.qua? florum Aurant: 3ij.
   ---- destillatae, giv.
 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, frequently through the
   day.  In catarrh.

                       Mistura Moschi.

                     See Antispasmodics.

                 Mixture of  Oil of Amber, fyc.

 R. Olei Succini reclificati, gtt. lxxx.
    Gummi Arabici,
    Sacchari albi, 55. gss.
    Tincturae balsami Tolutani, 31J.
   Aquae destillatae, giv.
 Fiat mistura secundum artem.—Signa.—A table-spoonful  every two
   or three hours.  In spasmodic cough.

             Mixture, tuith Carbonate of Potash, §-c.

 R.  Carbonatis Potassae, 31J.
     Vini Antimonii, gj.
     Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl.
     Spiritus Lavendula? compositi, 31J.
     Aquae destillatae, giv.
 Fiat mistura.—And let a table-spoonful be  taken every hour or two
   hours. 
                       EXPECTORANTS.                    77

             Mixture with Bi-carbonate of Soda, fyc.
R. Bi-carbonatis Soda?, gr. xij.
   Vini Ipecacuanhae, gtt. xx.
   Tincturae Thebaicae, gtt. iv.
   Aquae destillatae, gj.
Misce.—Signa.—Give a  tea-spoonful every  two or three hours.

   This  preparation is  designed for children,  and  is
chiefly used in pertussis.

         Solution of Carbonate of Potash with  Cochineal.

R. Carbonatis Potassa?,  9j.
   Pulveris Coccinellae, 9ss.
   Sacchari albi, 3j-
   Aquae destillatae, 5iv.
Fiat solutio.—Dose for children a tea-spoonful  every  two  or three
   hours.

   This is a popular remedy in pertussis.

             Mixture with Tincture of Digitalis, $c.

R. Tincturae Digitalis, 5ss.
   --------Opii, gtt. lx.
   Aqua? destillatae, 5ijss.
Misce.—A small tea-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day.
   In haemoptysis and in incipient phthisis.

                 Solution of Asafoetida, $r.

R. Gummi Asafoetida?, 3j«
   Aqua? destillatae, 5iv.
Fiat solutio, et adde—
   Tincturae Tolutani, 5ss.
   --------Opii, gtt. xl vel 1.
A tea-spoonful to a child every two hours, and a  pap-spoonful, (or
   more,) as frequently to an adult.

   This preparation is one of great value  in purtussis
and all spasmodic diseases of the chest. 
78                  EXPECTORANTS.

                  Tincture of Blood Root.
R. Tinctura? Sanguinaria? Canadensis, Saturate?, quantum placet.
Direct from 30 to 50 drops  twice in the day.

  This native product is  one of the most powerful me-
dicinal agents.  It is  violently emetic in large doses.
In the quantity recommended it is said to produce dia-
phoresis, as well as effects analogous to digitalis.
  Its active principle has been separated and is called
" sanguinarina."
               Solution  of Gum Ammoniac, &c
R. Gummi Ammoniaci, £j.
   Aquae destillatae, ^iv.
Fiat solutio, et adde—
   Oxymellis Scillae, ^ij.
   Tinctura? Opii camphoratae, ^ss.
A table-spoonful may be given every two hours.

   This is a stimulating   expectorant, and is useful in
cases where debility appears to  be  the principal dis-
ease of the  lungs.

     Mixture with Milk of Asafoetida and Acetate of Ammonia.
R.  Gummi Asafoetida?, 3ss.
   Liquoris Ammonia? acetatis,
   Aquae Menthae, 55. 5ij.
Fiat mistura.—A tea-spoonful  to children, and  a  table-spoonful to
  adults in coughs, pro re nata.

   This simple solution  of asafoetida is frequently em-
 ployed, and may, in some cases, be found  to  answer
 every  purpose  of a more complicated prescription.

            Mixture of Copaiba and Balsam Tolu, &c.
 R. Balsami Copaiba?,
    ------- Tolu,
    Pulveris gummi Arabici, 55. 5ss.
    Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. 1.
    Aqua? destillatae, ^vj. 
EXPECTORANTS.
79
Fiat mistura.—Dose, a table-spoonful pro re nata.  In chronic whoop-
  ing-cough.  Where  there is hectic excitement, digitalis  may be
  added.

              Tincture of Tolu with Digitalis, <$c.

R. Tincturae Tolutani, ±iss.
   Acidi sulphurici aromatici,
   Tincturae Digitalis,
   Vini Antimonii, aa. 31J.
   Mellis despumati, giss.
   Pulveris Glycyrrhizae,'gss.
   Aquae destillatae, 3vj.
Fiat mistura, et signa.—A table-spoonful to be given, according to cir-
  cumstances.  In Tussis senilis.

                Mixture with Balsam Peru, Sic.
R. Balsami Peruviani, gss.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, gij,
   Aqua? Cinnamomi,
  '-----destillatae, 55.gss.
Misce.—Signa.—To be taken at once, and repeated three or four times
  a-day.  In cases of debilitated lungs.

  The different Balsams have been almost proscribed
from the class of expectorants, on account of their sti-
mulating  qualities.   Balsam  Copaiva  was once em-
ployed,  and has again  been  proposed by a modern
writer, in diseases of the trachea.
  The author has prescribed it with great advantage in
that peculiar hoarseness which sometimes results from
a violent attack of measles.

                         Tar Water.
R. Picis liquidae,  Oij.
   Aquae  cong. j.
Mix them, and stir them together with a wooden rod for an hour, then
  let the tar subside, strain the water and keep it in well-corked bot-
  tles.—A pint, or even two pints, may be taken daily. 
so
EXPECTORANTS.
  Mixture of Gum Ammoniac and Nitric Acid, called Nitric Lac
                         Ammoniac.
R. Gummi Ammoniaci, Bijss.
   Acidi nitrici, gij.
   Aquae destillatae, gviij.
Pour the nitric acid and water together, then add the compound gra-
  dually to the gum, incorporating them well in a composition mortar.
  A table-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day.

   This preparation is  strongly  recommended in  pro-
tracted catarrh, and some  stages of phthisis pulmonalis,
by Dr. J.  Stuart, author of a treatise on  Colds.


                  Mixture  of Spermaceti, fyc.
R. Spermatis Ceti, 3ij-
   Sacchari albi, 3iij-
   Tincturae Opii camphoratae, 5ss.
   Aqua? destillatae, 5viij.
Rub the spermaceti and  sugar together with the  yelk of an egg, then
  gradually mix the water.—A table-spoonful for a dose, four or five
  times a-day.  In Catarrh.


               Sirup of Tolu with Belladonna, <$c.

R. Extracti Belladonna?, gr. xij.
   Vini Ipecacuanhae, 3j-
   Syrupi Senega?, 5ss.
Misce et signa.—To take a tea-spoonful  three or four times a-day,
  freely using gum water acidulated with lemon juice.   In Coughs.


                   Mucilage of Gum Arabic.

R. Gummi Acacia? optimi, 5ss.
   Aquae ferventis, 5iv.
Fiat solutio.
Used in most pectoral diseases. 
EXPECTORANTS.
Si
                 Infusion of Flaxseed, fyc.
R. Seminum Lini, 3j-
   Radicis Glycyrrhizae, 5ss.
   Aquae bullientis, Oij.
Macerate for two or three  hours near the fire in a  covered vessel;
  strain, and add lemon juice sufficient to make it agreeable.

   It may be given as a common drink  in catarrh.

                 Decoction of Iceland Moss.
R. Lichenis Islandici, ?j.
   Aqua? fontana?, Oiss.
Boil to one pint, and strain.

   This remedy once acquired great celebrity in coughs;
but was overrated, and lost its reputation.   It contains
a bitter quality, which often recommends it in dyspep-
sia and in phthisis.   From this it may  be  freed if ne-
cessary, by macerating it before boiling, and throwing
the first liquor away.   To be  taken ad libitum by the
patient.
               Prussic  or Hydrocyanic Acid.
   As prussic acid rises to the top of an aqueous mix-
ture,  and thereby renders the dose very uncertain, we
prefer directing the patient to drop the  dose each time
into a solution of gum Arabic  or  simple sirup.   It
should be kept covered from the light, and  not allowed
to be  accessible to those unacquainted with its power,
as even a strong inhalation will sometimes prostrate an
adult.  The physician should  also know after what
process the acid is made that he prescribes.   That of
Scheele, who discovered it, affords  an acid containing
some  water, and this may be unequal at different times.
The process of Gay Lussac, yields a fluid free from
admixture, and  of  course  much more energetic  than
the former.  Majendie directs the Prussic acid of Gay
Lussac to be diluted with 8.5 times its weight of water,
and this he denominates Medicinal Prussic Acid. Thi?
       11 
82
EXPECTORANTS.
remedy is doubtless very efficacious in some diseases,
but it is to be regretted that it is liable to such  inequa-
lity of strength.   We are told by Majendie, that, left
to itself in close vessels,  it decomposes  sometimes  in
less than an hour, and can scarcely be kept over fifteen
days.  This is to  be understood only of  the  acid  of
Gay Lussac.
   The Prussic acid of Brande, as kept in our shops,
may be commenced  in doses of a  drop  three times
a-day in mucilago acaciee, or sugar and water, and  aug-
mented one drop daily, until its action on  the  system
is fully displayed.
   Majendie directs the following, among other formu-
lae, for the exhibition of his medicinal Prussic acid-

                   Pectoral Mixture.
R. Acidi Hydrocyanici, gj.
   Aqua? destillatae, ft)j.
   Sacchari albi, giss.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A pap-spoonful may be taken morning and
  evening,  and gradually  increased, (if necessary,) to six or eight
  spoonsful in the twenty-four hours—shaking the vial each time.

   Prussic acid is also  used externally, in  the  propor-
tion of 31J. to Oj. of water, or other fluids.   In cancer-
ous ulcers; dartre; and4injected into the vagina,  in
cancer of the uterus.—See Majendie's Formulary, Edit.
5th, p. 66.

   Dr. Morton's mode of administering Prussic acid is
as follows:—
   " In prescribing it I  have mostly confined myself to
a single prescription, which is a  slight modification of
that recommended by Dr. Granville of London.—Let
half an ounce of gum Arabic be dissolved in seven
ounces and a half of water, to which add half an ounce
of sirup of tolu and twelve drops of Prussic acid  pre-
pared according to the  formula  of the London Phar-
macopoeia.   01  this  mixture, a  table-spoonful may  be 
                     EXPECTORANTS.                 83

 taken  every  three hours,—a medium  dose  which  I
 prefer  in commencing the use of so powerful a medi-
 cine."—Illustrations  of Pulmonary  Consumption, p.
 132.

                    Cyanide of Potassium.

   By dissolving this substance in eight times its weight
 of distilled water, it becomes the hydrocyanate of po-
 tassa, and  may be employed as a remedy in the same
 doses as Prussic acid.  It is said to exercise  the same
 power  over the system as the latter, with  the advan-
 tage of being a more uniform  and  permanent medi-
 cine.

              Mixture of Cyanide of Potassium,

 R. Potassii hydrocyanici medicata?, 3J-
    Aquae destillatae, Oj.
    Sacchari purificati, ^iss.
 Fiat solutio.—Dose—a table-spoonful night and morning.
                                             Majendie.

                   Cyanide of Potassium.

 R. Potassii cyanidi, gr. ss.
    Aqua? lactucae, 3ij.
    Syrup althaea?, 3j.
 Fiat mistura.—Dose—a table-spoonful every two hours.—Majendie.

                Pills of Cyanide of Potassium.

 R. Potassii cyanidi,
   Amyli, aa. gr. iv.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilulae, viij.  Dose—a pill night and morning.

   The  preceding  preparations  are chiefly  adminis-
tered in pectoral  affections,  as  Asthma,  Bronchitis,
Phthisis, &c. 
84
EXPECTORANTS.
               Mixture of Gum Ammoniac, fyc.

R. Mistura? Ammoniaci, |iij>
   Tincturae Castorei, 3ss.
   Syrupi Tolutani, ^ss.
   Tinctura? Opii, gtt. v.
   Aquae Cinnamomi, 5j.
Fiat  mistura.—Signa.—A  small table-spoonful every three  or four
  hours in troublesome cough.                      ^r- Mugs-

                 Mixture of Morphia and Tolu.
R. Oxymellis Scillae, ^iss.
   Syrupi Tolutani, fss.
   Acetatis Morphia?, gr. ij.
Misce.—Signa.—A  tea-spoonful may  be taken every two or three
  hours, pro re nata.  Useful in Phthisis  pulmonalis, and other dis-
   eases attended with troublesome cough.            Dr. Meigs.

                Tolu with Morphia and Antimony.
R.  Mucilaginis gummi Arabici, Oj.
    Syrupi Tolutani, ^ij.
    Morphia? sulphatis, gr. iss vel ij.
    Antimonii tartarizati, gr. ij.
 Misce, et signa.—A table-spoonful to be  given every two hours.
                            Morton on Consumption, page 123.

                   Decoction of Seneka Root.
 R. Radicis  Polygala? senega? contusae, ^j.
    ------Glycyrrhizae, 3ss.
    Aquae destillatae, Oiss.
 Boil down to a pint, and strain.

    This decoction is  serviceable in  pectoral diseases.
 In croup, the author has seen  it  productive of great
 benefit.

                      INHALATION.

    Inhalation is a means of applying remedies directly
  to  the lungs. 
EXPECTORANTS.
85
  The best instrument for this purpose is the Inhaler
of Mudge.  As a substitute however, the common tea-
pot may be used, or a funnel inverted over a bowl.
  The substances usually selected for inhalation are—
  The steam  of warm water:
  The steam of vinegar, produced by pouring it into
boiling water.

             Also, Balsam Tolu, as follows:—

R. Balsami Tolutani, ?j.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
Misce.—To be inhaled in diseases of the lungs.

  Ether is also used  alone, or impregnated.  When
saturated with cicuta, and inhaled from a wine-glass,
it is said to be serviceable in protracted catarrh, pneu-
monia,  consumption, &c.   Dr.  Morton advises Dr.
Pearson's formula, which consists in keeping a drachm
of powdered cicuta in an ounce of ether for a week.
A tea-spoonful  or two of this impregnated fluid may
be inhaled at a time, and repeated  thrice per diem.—
Morton on Consumption, page 136.
  Stramonium is an article recommended particularly
in asthma and  consumption.   The root  is cut, dried,
and smoked from a  common pipe.
   Fumigations of tar and turpentine  are also recom-
mended from high  authority.   The former is said to
have cured  consumption.   It usually,is applied by
placing the tar on a dish over coals, and suffering it
slowly to evaporate:—but a far neater  and more effec-
tual mode is  that practised by Sir Alexander Crichton,
viz: " an ounce of potash is added to  every pound of
tar, in  order that the latter  may be  deprived of its
pyroligneous acid.   The two ingredients being  well
mixed, should be first boiled for a few minutes in the
open air, in order  to disengage any  impurities, and
then be kept at a simmer in the room  of the patient.
This is effected by  putting the mixture in an iron ves-
sel, and placing the latter over a spirit lamp, or some 
86
EXPECTORANTS.
analogous contrivance.   In this way, not only a cham-
ber, but  an entire house,  is  speedily pervaded  by a
most agreeable vapour, which, although it may at first
excite some disposition to cough, both in healthy and
sick persons, .very soon, in  a majority of cases, allays
this symptom, and with it  a  great proportion  of the
patient's distress."—Morton, ut supra.
   The fumes of resin are frequently employed by Dr.
Parrish, of this city;  he directs it to be put on a hot
shovel, or coals, and allows the patient to inhale it gra-
dually until it is ascertained whether it  can be borne.
To some persons it is very agreeable,  while the lungs
of others cannot tolerate it.   He has found it beneficial
in debility of the lungs, whether  idiopathic or the re-
sult of disease; and  also advises it in pertussis and
phthisis.
   In some cases of croup,  the inhalation  of ether  or
Hoffman's anodyne, will often procure the most prompt
relief,  and gain time for the application of  general re-
medies.
   Chlorine gas has also been much used by inhalation,
not pure, however, but mixed or diluted with atmo-
spheric air.  For this purpose a little acid of any  kind
may be dropped gently on a  mixture of chloride  of
lime, by which means the chlorine is gradually disen-
gaged, and be  inhaled as it rises; or, the air of a room
may be charged with it in  like manner.   It has been
much  commended in Bronchitis and the kindred affec-
tions, but is getting into disuse from its manifest want
of efficacy.*
                  * Fumigation oj Chlorine.
gi. Muriatis Sodae, Ifcij.
  Oxidi Manganesii, gv.
  Aqu33, ft)j-
  Acidi Sulphurici, tbj.
Mix the salt and manganese, and add at proper intervals the acid  and water,
 mingled.  When used in the wards of hospitals or other infected apartments,
 the patients should be previously removed.  For the method of preparing the
 different chlorides used as disenfecting agents, see Journal of the Philadelphia
 College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. Ao. 4, 
EXPECTORANTS.
87
   The following is Dr. Scuddamore's recipe for Iodine
Inhalation:

R. Iodinae,
   Iodidi  potassii, aa. gr. vj.
   Aquae destillatae, gv 3vj.
   Alcohol, gj.
Mix, and use for inhalation.

   " I usually commence with a drachm of this mixture, proceeding
gradually to the extent of half an ounce, (rarely more,) putting two-
thirds the  dose for  the  first half of the time (10, 15, or 20 minutes,)
and the other third for the remainder, always adding thirty minims of
a saturated tincture of conium, with an increase if the cough be very
irritable.  Occasionally I add some saturated tincture of ipecacuanha;
and  when the  respiration is spasmodically affected, some aetherial
tincture of the lobelia inflata."—Scuddamore. 
(   88  )
CLASS  VII.
           EMMENAGOGUE S.

   Emmenagouges are those medicines which promote
the menstrual discharge, or restore  it when entirely
suppressed.  Although by some  authors the specific
action of these medicines on the uterus has been ques-
tioned,  if not denied, yet  by others, whose authority
is equally to be trusted,  it has  been fully acknow-
ledged.
   It must, however, be observed, that amenorrhcea oc-
curs under opposite states of the system; and  where
general debility appears to be the cause of the local dis-
ease, it  is advisable to accompany the  emmenagogue
with an active course of tonics.   While, on the con-
trary, if the obstruction be the effect of a plethoric habit,
bleeding, cathartics, &c, are essential preliminaries to
the exhibition and success of a specific remedy.

                     POWDERS.

                Powder of Hiera Picra.
R. Pulveris Hierae picrae, -Z].
Divide  in chartulas vj.—One three times a-day.

   This  article is placed under the head of cathartics,
but it is a remedy so  generally employed as an em-
menagogue; that it appears necessary also to insert it
here. 
                      EMMENAGOCTJES.                  <59

                      Powder of Madder.
 R. Pulveris Rubia? tinctori, 5ss.
 Signa.—A small tea-spoonful to be taken morning, noon' and night, in
    sugar and water.

   It should  be remembered that there are three or four
 qualities of madder, which circumstance may account
 for  the frequent failure of this remedy.   Dr. Dewees
 frequently employs it.

                 Powder with Savin, $c.
 R. Sabinae exsiccatae,
    Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 3j-
    -------  Potassa? sulphatis, rij.
 Fiant pulveres vj.—Signa.—One to be taken twice a-day

              Powder with Savin and Cantharides,
 R. Pulveris Sabinae, 3ij-
    ------ Cantharidum, gr. ij.
 Misce et divide in pulveres iv.—Signa.—One to be taken every night,
   on going to bed.

                 Powder of Spurred Rye.
 R. Pulveris Secalis cornuti, 9ij.
 Divide in chartulas iv—Of which one may be taken morning and
   night, in sugar and water.

   Drs. Chapman and  Dorsey have placed this remedy
 under the head of Emmenagogues, though we are not
aware that it has ever been successfully employed as
 such.

              Pills of Myrrh, Sulphate of Iron, fyc.
 R Gummi Myrrhae,
   Sulphatis  Ferri, aa. 9ij.
   Carbonatis Potassae,
   Saponis purificati, aa. zss.
Fiat massa, in pilulas xl. dividenda.—Of which two may be taken
  morning, noon and night.  In that suppression of the catamenia
  which is incident to phthisis pulmonalis.
          12 
yo
EMMENAGOGUES.
                       Hooper's Pills.
R. Sulphatis Ferri, 9j.
   Pulveris Senna?,
   ------- Jalapae,
   ------- Super-tartratis Potassae; aa. 9ss.
   ------- Zingiberis, gr. xij.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.—ut fiat massa, in pilulas xxv. dividenda.
The patient is directed to take three twice in the day, followed by
  twenty drops of the tinctura ferri muriatis in a glass of some bitter
  infusion.

   This compound is sold  by  the apothecaries  as  a
patent medicine.

              Pills of Aloes, Sulphate of Iron, fyc.
R. Sulphatis Ferri exsiccati, 9j.
   Pulveris Aloes, 9ij.
   ------- Caryophylli, gr. v.
   Terebinthinae veneta?, q. s..—ut  fiant pilula? xx.—Signa.—One to
be taken three times a-day.

             DECOCTIONS, TINCTURES, &c.

                  Decoction ofSeneka.
R. Radicis Senega? contusae, ?j.
   Corticis Aurantiarum, ij.
   Aquae destillatae, Oj.
Let the seneka simmer over a slow fire  until the fluid be reduced one-
  third; add the orange-peel, cover until cool, and then strain.

   Dr.  Chapman observes—" My rule in  the adminis-
tration of the  medicine  in these cases,  (that is,  of
amenorrhcea,) is  to give about four ounces of the de-
coction, more or less, during the day, according to the
circumstances of the case.   But at the  time when the
menstrual effort is expected to be made, and until the
discharge is actually induced, I push the dose as far as
the stomach will  allow, having given as  much  as two
ounces every hour."—Therapeutics, Vol. II. p. 38. 
EMMENAGOGUES.
91
                      Infusion of Ergot.
R. Secalis Cornuti contusi, 3ij-
   Aquae bullientis, 5vj.
Fiat  infusio.—To  be  given  by spoonsful, in protracted parturition
  occasioned by deficiency of contractile power in the uterus.

   For the same purpose the powder may also be given
in doses of 9j.,  as  well as  to assist in arresting uterine
hemorrhage,  and  to  cause the expulsion of the pla-
centa.

                      Decoction of Ergot.
R. Secalis cornuti, 5j.
   Aqua?, Oiiss.
Boil gradually down  to two pints, and give a table-spoonful every
  fifteen minutes.  Used in the same circumstances as the infusion.

                       Tincture of Ergot.
R. Secalis cornuti, giiss.
   Spiritus tenuioris,  Oj.
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain.  This  is the formula  used  in
  Guy's Hospital. Dose twenty drops to a dram.

                        Sirup of Ergot.
R. Secalis cornuti, gr. xx.
   Extracti Opii, gr. |.
   Syrupi simplicis, ^viij.
M.__Dose an ounce (two table-spoonsful) pro re  nata, in engorge-
  ment of the uterus.                                 Lisfranc.

                      Decoction of Madder.
R.  Pulveris Rubiae tinctori, ^j.
   Aqua?  bullientis, Oj.
Simmer for fifteen minutes—and add—
   Caryophylli contusi, 3j-
Sjgna—When cool, strain and give a wine-glassful every three hours,
  a short  time before the expected return of the menstrual discharge-
   See  Dewees on Females, p. 74. 
92                  RMMEN AGOG LIES.

                   Mixture of Camphor, fyc.
R. Camphorae, 9j.
   Spiritus vini rectificati, q. s.—ut fiat pulvis:  dein adde—
   Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3J-
   Sacchari albi, q. s.
   Aqua? Cinnamomi, ^j.
Fiat mistura.
   This mixture  would more  properly  appear  under
the head of Narcotics, but  as Dr.  Dewees considers it
particularly efficacious  in  dysmenorrhoea,  we  have
given  it  a place with  Emmenagogues.   He  directs
" one-half  the above draught  to  be given the  instant
pain  is  experienced,  and if not relieved  in an hour or
two,  the remainder to be given."—Syst. Mid. p. 158.

                    Tincture of Hellebore.
R. Tincturae Hellebori nigri, gj.
Signa.—A tea-spoonful three times a-day, increasing the quantity as
  the  stomach will admit of it.

               Tincture of Hellebore, Myrrh, 4'C
R. Tinctura? Hellebori nigri, gss.
    -------  Myrrhae, gj.
    -------  Cantharidum, 3ij.
Fiat mistura.—The patient may take thirty drops, three times a-day,
  in a little sugar and water.

                    Tincture of Savin, fyc.
R. Tincturae Sabinae compositae, gj.
    -------  Hellebori nigri, gss.
    -------  Castorei, 51J.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To take forty drops three times a-day, in any
   vehicle.

               Tincture of Guaiacwn, (Dewees.)
R. Pulveris  Guaiaci, giv.
   Carbonatis Soda? vel Potassa?, riss.
   Pulveris Pimentae, gj.
   Alcoholis diluti, ftsj. 
EMMENAGOGUES.
93
Misce.—" Digest for a few days.—The volatile spirit of ammonia to
  be added pro re nata, in the proportion of a drachm or two, to every
  four ounces of tincture."

   The above formula is different from' that adopted in
the Pharmacopoeias, for which reason we have inserted
it here.  Dr. Dewees informs us, that after nearly thirty-
five years'  experience with this tincture, he has never
known it to fail in  restoring  the suppressed catamenia,
where the  suppression was an idiopathic disease.   He
gives  it morning, noon and  night, in  doses of a tea-
spoonful in a little  sweetened milk; and sometimes in
a little Madeira, Sherry, or Teneriffe wine.   It  is oc-
casionally necessary to continue the medicine for some
weeks, on which occasion, the dose must be judiciously
augmented.—Syst. Mid. p.  149.

              Volatile Tincture of Guaiacum,  fyc.
R. Tincturae Guaiaci volatilis, gj.
   Balsami Copaiba?, gss.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful two or three times a-day.

  In cases  of amenorrhcea  connected with general de-
bility.
                     Tincture of Iodine.
R. Iodini optimi, 9ij.
   Spiritus vini rectificati, gj.
   Spiritus Lavendula? compositi, 3'j.
Fiat tinctura.—Signa.—From ten  to twenty drops twice a-day, gra-
  dually increasing it to forty drops.

  The above we are  informed by M. Durand, apothe-
cary of  this  place, is a saturated tincture.   Dr. Bell
has  used it beneficially  in amenorrhcea, gonorrhoea,
leucorrhcea, &c.
  From its great activity, it requires to be cautious] v
administered.
               Solution of Iodide  of Potassa.
R. Potassii Iodidi, 3j-
   Aqua? destillaLc, gj. 
94
EMMENAGOGUES.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Thirty drops of this solution is directed by Dr.
  Bell in the above cases.—See N. A. M. and S. Journal, Oct. 1828.

                Injection of Aqua Ammonias, $c.
R.  Aqua? Ammonia?, gtt. xx.
    Lactis recentis, gi.
Misce.—Signa.—This quantity to be thrown into the vagina three or
  four times a-day in cases of amenorrhcea.

               Tincture of  Cantharides, (Dewees.)
   This tincture, as prepared from the formula  of Dr.
Dewees, differs from that kept in the shops in strength
only.  Ten drops may  be taken three times a-day, and
gradually increased; and, if necessary, until strangury
is induced.
                Mixture of Muriate of Iron, Sic.
R.  Tincturae Muriatis Ferri,
   -------Aloes compositae, aa. gss.
   -------Castorei, 3ij-
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take a tea-spoonful three times  a-day  in a
  wine-glassful of camomile tea.

                   Tincture of Hiera Pier a.
R. Tinctura? Hiera? Picrae, gj.
Signa.—A tea-spoonful may be taken three times a-day in sugar and
  water.

                  Compound Tincture of Aloes.
R. Tinctura? Aloes et Myrrhae, gj.
  Dose.—A tea-spoonful pro  re nata. 
(  95   )
CLASS  VIII.
           ANTHELMINTICS.

   Anthelmintics are medicines employed to destroy
and bring away worms  from the  alimentary canal.
They are also termed Vermifuges.
   The  only  unequivocal proof of  the  existence of
worms in the alimentary canal is the ejection of some
of  them per anum, or, as sometimes happens,  by the
mouth.   When, in such cases vermifuges are resorted
to,  they must be persevered in for several days, with
the occasional intervention of an active cathartic.

                      POWDERS.

                  Calomel with Gamboge.
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. v.
   Pulveris Gambogia?, gr. vj vel x.
Misce.—For an adult.—To be taken in sirup early in the morning.

   Gamboge  is  sometimes given in doses of fifteen or
twenty grains for the tape-worm, and is highly spoken
of in such cases.

                 Calomel with Pink-Root.
R. Hydrargyri chloride mitis, gr. iv.
   Pulveris Spigeliae, gr. x.
Misce.—Signa.—To be taken two mornings in succession, and on the
  afternoon of the second  day, followed by a dose of castor oil or
  senna and manna.—For children upwards of four years old. 
90
anthelmintics.
                  Pink-Root with Savin. t\-c.

R. Pulveris Spigeliae,
   ------- Senna?, aa. 9ij-
   ------- Sabina?, gr. xij.
Fiant chartulaevj.-Signa.-One every morning till three are taken,
  then give a dose of castor oil; if the effect  is not produced, the
  remainder may be exhibited after the same manner.

                 Common Salt with Cochineal.

R. Sodii Chloridi,  siij.
   Coccinella? pulverizatae, gr. xv.
Fiant doses vj.—Signa.—One every morning, following the last dose
  with some purgative medicine.

  Dr. Rush speaks in high terms of this remedy.

                      Carbonate of Iron.

R. Carbonatis Ferri, 3J.
Divide in chartulas iij.—One powder to be taken before breakfast.

  Of this remedy, also, the late Professor Rush had a
very favourable opinion.  He gave  it in doses of from
5 grs. to 3SS. to children of  from one year old to  ten,
and  sometimes in half ounce doses,  with safety  and
success.   It is chiefly used in tape-worm.—See Observ.
and Inquiries, p. 243.

                    Powder of Male Fern.

Give of the powder of the Male Fern Root from  one to three drachms,
  in a large cupful of any distilled water, early in the morning.  If
  the stomach should  reject it, the powder must be repeated again, as
  soon as the sickness has gone off, in the same quantity.  When it
  has been upon the stomach about two hours, a strong cathartic  bolus
  made of calomel and gamboge, (eight or ten grs. of the last and five
  or six grs. of the first,) must be taken, and worked off with a draught
  of green tea  every now and  then: and its operation may be still
  farther promoted, if necessary, by half an  ounce, or 3VJ. of  salts,
  dissolved in  warm  water.   Till the  worm  comes  away, which 
ANTHELMINTICS.
97
  generally happens on  the same day, the patient is to  take nothing
  but broth.  If, however, the worm should not be discharged, either
  wholly or  in part, the powder is  to be repeated with the  same
  regimen, the next day.  In the tape-worm.—Nouffer.

   It has  been suggested, and with  some probability,
that the purge directed to follow this  remedy is  that
on which the greatest  reliance is to be placed.

                       Tin Electuary.

R.  Pulveris Stanni, 3yj  vel  gj.
    * Sacehari liquidi, giv.
Misce.—Two or three  table-spoonsful may  be  given  early in the
  morning; to  be  repeated  until the whole be taken, and then fol-
  lowed by an active cathartic.

   The efficacy of this remedy is said to be  increased
by  combination with  sulphur, by which  means  sul-
phuretted hydrogen would be  generated, and the worm
destroyed  by this  offensive gas.   Larger  doses than
those mentioned are sometimes prescribed.

                     Cowhage Electuary.

R.  Spicularum  Dolichi, 3J.
    Mellis liquidi, q. s.—ut fiat electuarium.—Dose, a lea-spoonful to
a child two or  three years old; to be given before breakfast in the
mornings of three successive days,  and then followed  by  a  brisk
cathartic.  In Lumbrici.

                      Vermifuge Bolus.
R.  Hydrargyri  Chloridi mitis, gr. ij.
   Seminum Artemisia? santonicae, gr. viij.
   Camphorae,  gr.  vj.
   Syrupi, q. s.—ut fiat bolus.
To  be repeated pro re nata—for children  of four or six years  of
   age.                                 Ratier's Formulary.

    * Molasses.  Any sirup will, of course, answer the same purpose.
          13 
98
ANTHELMINTICS.
              INFUSIONS, DECOCTIONS, &c.

         Infusion of Pink-Root, #c, vulgo, Worm-Tea.

R. Radicis Spigeliae Marilandieae, gss.
   Senna? foliorum, 3IJ.
   Mannae optimae, gj,
   Seminum Fceniculi, 3U vel gss.
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A wine-glassful may be given to a child of two
  years old, three or four times a-day.

                Pills of Venice Turpentine, &/c.
R. Terebinthina? venetae, 3J.
   Extracti Hyosciami, gr. iv.
   Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. viij.
Fiat massa, et divide in pilulas singulas gr. ij.
Of these four are to be taken every three hours, and during the entire
  period, the patient is to take only weak broth, tea, or coffee.

   They are strongly  recommended  by some of  the
German practitioners in tape-worm.

                     Infusion of Pink-Root.
R.  Radicis Spigelia, 5j.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.—Of  which a child  may take  from  one  to  two table-
  spoonsful at a dose; an adult from gj to  giv.

   The spigelia sometimes  affects  children  violently;
 hence the necessity of caution in  its use.

                 Decoction of the Geoffrea Bark.

 R. Corticis Geoffrea?, 5j.
     Aquae Oij.
 To be boiled over a slow fire until it assumes the colour of amber or
   Madeira wine.—Dose for adults four table-spoonsful; for children
   two or three years  old, one table-spoonful; and so in proportion to 
                    ANTHELMINTICS.                  99

  the age and strength of the patient.—The dose of the extract of this
  medicine is stated by Dr. Chapman to be three grains, and of the
  powder, 3SS.

  We are not aware that the remedy  has been  much
employed  in  this city.   Cold water  is  to be avoided
while using this decoction; if, however, any unpleasant
consequences follow its exhibition, and particularly
where an  overdose has  been given,  our best resource
is Oleum  Ricini, together with  tepid water acidulated
with lemon juice, or  some other vegetable acid.

                 Mixture of Worm-seed Oil.
R. Olei Chenopodii, 3j'
   Sacchari  albi,
   Gummi Arabici, aa. jiss.
Misce, secundum artem; tunc adde—
   Aquae Mentha? sativae,  gijss.
A tea-spoonful of this preparation may be given four times a-day for two
  days in succession, and  then purged off with castor oil or salts.—
  For children of three to eight years old.

  This is  a  vermifuge  of considerable reputation in
this country.  It is generally used in Lumbrici  and
Ascarides ; though we have heard of its  having been
successfully  given  for   Tenia,  but  in much   larger
doses.

                   Spirit of Turpentine.
Is recommended for Tape-worm, in doses of 3ss to gij. daily, taken
  in honey.

  Dr.  Chapman speaks highly of this remedy;  and
the  safety of such  doses seems to  be  now fully esta-
blished.
                  Olive Oil and Ammonia.
R. Olei Olivarum, gviij.
   Spiritus Ammoniae aromatici, gij.
Dose, three spoonsful night and morning. 
100                ANTHELMINTICS.

   This  remedy is highly  spoken of by some  authors,
and may be given  in  much larger  quantities;  if it
should not purge, it will be necessary to follow it with
some aloetic or other cathartic preparation.

            Decoction of the Bark of Pomegranate.
R. Corticis radicis Granati, 3ij.
   Aqua? destillatae, Oiss.
To be boiled away one-half, and given in doses of an ounce several
  times in the day.

   " The efficacy of  the bark  of the root of the Pome-
granate," says Dr. Ainslie, (Mat. Med. of Hindoostan,)
"asa remedy for the tape-worm, is now well established
in India."—Paris, vol. ii.p. 173.

                      Aloetic Enema.
R. Gummi Aloes, 31J.
   Lactis recentis, Oj.
Fiat enema.—The half of this may be given to  a child eight or ten
  years old. In Ascarides.

             Spirits of Turpentine  with Hartshorn.
R. Olei Cornu  Cervi fcetidi, gss.
   ---Terebinthinae, 5iss.
Misce, et  signa.—A tea-spoonful  to  be given  every morning.   In
   taenia. -                     '.  •  '- '   ■....« [M.  Chabert.

                Spirit of Turpentine, Ether, &c.
R. Olei Terebinthinae, gss.
   iEtheris sulphurici, 3ij.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici, gss.
   Aquae Chamaemelae destillatae, gxvj.
 Misce, et signa.—Two table-spoonsful to be taken  morning and even-
   ing.  In taenia.                                Dr. Frank.

                   Enema of Camphor, fyc.
 R. Camphorae, gj.
    Olei olivarum, 3ij.
 Misce pro enemate. 
ANTHELMINTICS.
101
  This preparation is particularly adapted to Ascarides,
and should be freely thrown up the rectum  for three
or four successive nights.  No remedy is more effect-
ual than this in relieving the intolerable itching caused
by those worms.
  Enemata are the most certain of all remedies in As-
carides; they may be made of various substances, such
as solution of asafoetida, of common salt, hepar sulphu-
ris, pure olive oil, soap, &c. &,c. 
(  102  )
CLASS  IX.
              EPISPASTICS.

  " By the ancients, all the external applications which
redden or inflame the  skin, were called Epispastice,
and  these were designated according to the several
degrees of effect:—the  slightest, entitled phoenigmoi;
the next, sinapismi;  the more active, vesicatorii; and
the strongest, caustict.,>
  We shall, however, as heretofore, follow the arrange-
ment adopted by Dr. Chapman, and divide  them into
Rubefacients, Blisters,  and Caustics; and  with him
too, we shall first speak  of Blisters.
  As a general rule,  blisters should remain  on the pa-
tient ten  or  twelve hours, in order to ensure their full
effect. There are individuals, however, whose skins
are so delicate, that  a shorter application will answer
every purpose; in children, it is seldom, and perhaps
never, necessary to leave them  on longer than four or
six hours. When they are applied to the scalp, twenty-
four hours is almost universally  required; and Dr.
Chapman directs  the hair to be  shaved, if possible,
some hours before the application is made.
  The usual dressing, when a blister is taken off, is
basilicon ointment, or ceratum  simplex,  according to
the urgency of  the case, or the irritability of the sys-
tem.  In order to keep it open, the weak epispastic, or
savin ointment,  will  be found sufficient. 
EPISPASTICS.
103
  In cases of acute disease, these remedies ought never
to precede those means which have a tendency to re-
duce the system.  It is generally admitted, that  other-
wise employed, they do harm, though there  are indi-
viduals of acknowledged experience who say,  "they
can bring a patient to the blistering point at pleasure;"
and in pleurisy, and some other acute diseases,  apply
them soon after a free bleeding.  The blister should be
placed as near the affected part as possible.   In  fevers
they are usually put on the inside of the forearms or
legs, back of the neck, or between the shoulders.
  Where the system is very prostrate, they should be
applied to the inside of the thighs, or the last two  places
mentioned: for when  the circulation is very languid
in the extremities, they seldom draw well, and are even
liable to produce gangrene by exhausting the little vi-
tality that remains.
  Where,  from  peculiarity of constitution, strangury
is produced by them, we must take them off after a few
hours, and bathe the part wTith sweet oil or some such
mild application—if this prove insufficient, resort must
be had to diluent drinks, such as flaxseed tea or barley
water, with the sweet spirits of nitre;  camphor or pars-
ley tea, or bladders half filled with warm water  and
applied to the pubes.  An opium suppository  or in-
jection will be found very advantageous.  A poultice
of ground flaxseed or starch is often very serviceable.
Prevention, however, is better than cure; and in irrita-
ble constitutions, or in  persons disposed to strangury,
the blistering ointment, before being spread, should be
rubbed up with three or four grains of opium and three
or four times as much camphor, before it is spread. This
preventive seldom fails.   Blisters are rendered  much
less irritating by covering  them with  a fine gauze,
which, if it be pressed in close contact with the plaster,
will not prevent or materially retard its operation.
  It is said by some writers, that if a blister be sprinkled
with powdered  camphor, previous to its application,
strangury  will never  result:  this precaution cannot 
104
EFISPASTICS.
always be relied on, though it will be well to give it a
trial where strangury is anticipated.

                   Epispastic Ointment.
R. Cera? flavae,
   Resina?,
   Axungiae Porcinae, aa. 5vj.
Melt over a slow fire, and when at the temperature of 98° add slowly-—
   Pulveris Cantharidum, gvijss.
Misce, et fiat unguentum.

  If the cantharides be united with the melted plaster
before it is partially cooled, they are liable to be injured
by the heat.
  In employing this ointment, the margin of the blister
should  be  covered with  adhesive plaster, in  order to
confine it to its place, and prevent its creating unneces-
sary irritation.  Another mode is to draw straps across
it diagonally, which plan we generally prefer; it pre-
vents the blister from rising in the middle, and thereby
partially defeating its object.
  It is  mentioned in Paris' Pharmacologia, that the
flies may be deprived of their power of producing stran-
gury by first boiling them in water.

                RUBEFACIENTS.

  The substances called Rubefacients not unfrequently
vesicate on very delicate skins.   The  term, therefore,
is relative.  They are employed for the same  purpose
as Blisters, and are often good substitutes for them.

         Plaster of Mercurial Ointment, Camphor, $*c.
R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, gj.
   Olei Terebinthinae,
   Camphorae, aa. 2ij.
   Cerati simplicis, ij.
Fiat unguentum secundum artem.  Used as a rubefacient over the hy-
  pochondriac region, when blisters are precluded. 
EPISPASTICS.
105
                    Tartar Emetic Plaster.
  This may be made by sprinkling the powdered Tartrate of Antimony
    on the surface of a Burgundy pitch or adhesive plaster, or  on one
    made by spreading Basilicon, or simple ointment, on leather or
    linen.  In either way the margin should be left clean.

    This  remedy requires a longer time to produce its
  effect than the ordinary  blister;  the irritation is of a
  peculiar and very painful kind.

                  Tartar Emetic Ointment.
  R. Tartratis Antimonii, 3j.
    Axungia? Porcinae, gj.
  Misce secundum artem.

    This ointment, when applied to the skin, is a  slow
  but certain means of exciting an  eruption.   We have
 given the formula of Dr. Hannay, of Glasgow, in Scot-
 land.  Dr. Jenner recommended a much larger propor-
 tion  of the antimony.

            Tartar Emetic and Corrosive Sublimate.

 R. Tartratis Antimonii, ^j.
    Chloridi Hydrargyri, gr.  v.
    Aqua? destillatae, gj.
    Spiritus Lavandulae compositi, 3j.
 Solve sales in aqua, dein adde spiritum.

   This solution is applied by wetting the fingers with
 it, and rubbing it  on the  part.  The  rubbing  should
 be continued for five or ten minutes, and after some
 hours a pustular eruption will appear.—Dr. Hannay's
 essay, " De Tartratis Antimonii Usu Externo" p. 26.
   It has been extolled in  pertussis, dyspnoea, cough,
pains in the chest, &c, and in the removal of incipient
tumours.
  It has been ascertained by the illustrious Jenner and
others,  that Tartar Emetic  employed for  an  undue
          14 
106
EPISPASTICS.
length of  time externally, will produce violent effects
upon the system.
   We find in a note in Beck's Medical Jurisprudence,
vol. ii.  p. 283, that Dr. Francis mentions  two cases
where Tartar Emetic Ointment, excessively used, pro-
duced effects similar to those  at times arising from the
outward application of  arsenic.   Majendie and  Brodie
ascertained by experiments upon animals, that inserted
into  wounds its effects resemble those produced  by
internal  exhibition.

 Granville's Ammoniated Counter-irritant, or Antidynous Lotions,
  These preparations act with great celerity, and are now in common
use.  They are formed of three ingredients, mixed in certain propor-
tions, according to the urgency of the case.
   1. The first ingredient is the strongest  liquor of ammonia (liquor
ammoniae fortissimus) which is made by saturating a given quantity of
distilled water, contained in a glass receiver surrounded by  ice, with
ammoniacal gas, obtained in the  usual way from a mixture  of equal
parts of hydrochlorate  of ammonia  and  recently slacked lime, both
reduced to a fine powder.   The water, by this process, may be made
to take up nearly eight hundred times its bulk of ammoniated gas, and
is three times the strength of the  liquor ammonia? of the London Phar-
macopeia.
  2. The second ingredient is distilled spirits of Rosemary,  prepared
by taking two Jfos of the tips or  small leaves of fresh Rosemary, and
eight pints of alcohol, which are infused together  for twenty-four
hours in a covered vessel, and after adding as much water as will first
prevent the empyreumatic smell, distil over seven pints.
   3. The third ingredient is spirit of camphor, made as  follows: To
four oz. of pure camphor, add two pints of alcohol, so as to dissolve
the camphor, which solution should be filtered.
   Of the  preceding ingredients, Dr. Granville prepares two ammo-
niated lotions, differing in strength; viz.
               The Milder Ammoniated Lotion.
                   (Lotio ammoniata mitior.)
R. Liquoris ammonia? fortissimi, 3j.
    Spiritus rosmarini, 3vj.
    ------camphorae, 5ij,
 Misce, 
EPISPASTICS.
107
                The Stronger Ammoniated Lotion.
                     (Lotio ammoniata fortior.)
 R. Liquoris ammonia? fortissimi, 3x.
    Spiritus rosemarinae, gss-
    ------- camphora?, 3ij.
 Misce.*

   As to  the method of applying these counter-irritants, we shall use
 the words of their inventor, Dr. Granville.  " First impregnate with
 the colourless and transparent liquid, either a piece of linen folded six
 or seven times to the size of the part intended to be covered, or  a
 piece of thick and coarse flannel; and, secondly, lay either of them on
 the spot, pressing with the hand at the same  time, very steadily and
 firmly, the said linen or flannel, over which there should be placed  a
 thick towel, doubled several times, so that  not only the evaporation of
 the lotion may be impeded, but the  hand  employed in pressing the
 application to the part may not  suffer damage  from any evaporation,
 or from contact with the liquid.   In  some parts of the body more con-
 venient than the others, the readiest  and most effectual mode of press-
 ing down the application is, by tying over it a towel or thick bandage;
 but to this mode there is the objection  that we cannot, under certain
 circumstances, infect the part as quickly and as often as required, so
 as to judge, from the effect of the application, when to stop, or  how
 long to persevere in using it."t
   When applied  to the temples, forehead, jaws, or chin, great care
 must be  taken to prevent the effluvia from  affecting the eyes and nos-
 trils.  The skin should be examined in a minute or two after the ap-
 plication, in order to see the effect produced.  When the pain is severe
 after the  lotion is removed, simple diluent washes, and warm water is
 perhaps  the  best, will speedily allay it.  Vesication will generally
 take place in from two to five minutes, and even in a minute in  some
persons:  but where cauterization is  requisite, ten, or twelve minutes
 may be necessary.  The irritated or denuded surface may  be dressed
 according to existing indications, with a simple  poultice, tepid fomen-
 tation, cerate or irritating ointments.
 -The Pommade Ammoniacale of M. Goudret, which belongs to this
 series of counter-irritants, is made as follows:

     * Dunglison, New remedies, p. 504.
     i Granville.  Counter-irritation, its Principles and Practice,  p. 39. 
10^
KrixrANTICS
R. Adipis, 3vij.
   Olei amygalarum, ^iss.
   Ammoniae liquidae (25°) 5vj>

  Melt  the lard, mix the oil  with it, and pour them into  a wide-
mouthed, vial with a glass stopper; then add the ammonia, close the
bottle, mix the contents together by shaking, and keep the mixture in
a cool place.  If the skin is to be excited,  perspiration to be re-esta-
blished, or some sub-cutaneous engorgement to be dissipated, light and
hasty practices accomplish these  objects.   If a  rubefacient effect is
desirable, spread the  ointment thickly on linen, and apply it for one
or two minutes.  For vesication, continue  the application for five or
six minutes;  and by a farther continuance, absolute  cauterization is
speedily produced.
  These powerful preparations are used in  a great variety of diseases,
and in  all cases when  speedy and powerful counter-irritation  is de-
manded; as in Neuralgia and rheumatic affections generally, both acute
and chronic; spasms, convulsions, gout, paralysis,  inflammatory dis-
eases of internal organs, diseases of the heart, sprains, Sic. Sic.

                    Instantaneous Vesication.
  The French practitioners have  a process for raising an instant blis-
ter.  A piece of linen or paper being cut to the requisite size, is im-
mersed in spirits of wine or brandy, or even cologne  water, or spirits
of camphor, whichever is most readily obtained.   It is  then laid on
the part to be blistered, taking care that the moisture does not wet the
surrounding surface.   The flame  of  a lighted taper  is  then  applied
quickly over the surface of the paper, so as to cause ignition,  which is
almost instantaneous.   At the conclusion of this operation, the cuticle
is found detached and raised from the true skin beneath.

                 Ointment of Iodine  and  Calomel.
R. Iodini, partem j.
    Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, partem iss.
    Axungiae, partes xlviij.
The iodine to be first united to the lard,  and then the  calomel added.

   MM. Plane and Souberain, by  whom this ointment
is proposed, state  that  these  are  the only proportions
that  can  be  used, without leading to decompositions
that will defeat our intentions. 
EPISPASTICS.
100
           Ointment of Protoiodide of Mercury, Sic.
R. Protoiodidi Hydrargyri, gr. vj.
   Acetatis Morphia?, gr. viij.
   Axungiae, gj.
Misce, fiat unguentum.

   Recommended by the French physicians in glandu-
lar swellings.  The  morphia is  believed by them to
prevent the  unpleasant effects of iodine when used in
the shape of ointment.                       Pelletan.

             Ointment of Protoiodide of Mercury.
R. Protoiodidi Hydrargyri, 9j.
   Axungiae, giss.
Fiat unguentum.—Used  to accelerate the cicatrization of inveterate
   venereal ulcers.

   An ointment may be made in  the same proportions
of the deutoiodidc of mercury.  Of course to be used
with more caution.

                 Ointment of lodate of Zinc.
R. Iodatis Zinci, 3j-
   Axungiae, gj.
Fiat unguentum.—A drachm to be rubbed on the tumour twice a-day.

   Dr. Ure recommends the above as  a substitute for
the ointment of hydriocate  of potassa in  glandular
swellings.

              Ointment of Hydriodate of Potash.
R. Hydriodatis Potassae, 9j.
    Cerati simplicis, gj.
Fiat unguentum.

   To be applied  to  scrofulous swellings,  where the
 skin is unbroken. 
110
EPISPASTICS.
                        Iodine Ointment.
R. Deuto-iodureti hydrargyri, gr. xv.
   Adipis preparatas, gij.
   Olei limonis, gtt. xx.
Fiat  unguentum.

Employed as a curative application  to  syphilitic  tubercles, chronic
  ulceration  and other  sequella? of venereal.  Its  great  activity  re-
  quires caution in its use.                                Ralxer.

                     Simple Iodine Ointment.

R.  Iodinae, gr, iij.
   Adipis, ^ij.
Fiat unguentum.
  Used as the preceding preparation.

                        Iodine Liniment.
R.  Linamenti saponis compositi, %\.
    Tinctura? Iodinae, 3J.
Misce.

                 Ointment of Iodide of Potassium.
R.  Potassae iodidi, 3SS«
    Adipis, giss.
Ut unguentum.—For Tetter and the kindred eruptions.

       Lugol's Ointment of Ioduretted Iodide of Potassium.
R.  Iodinae, gr. xij.
    Potassae iodidi,  9iv.
    Adipis, gij.
Fiat unguentum.—Used in scrofulous opthalmia, ulcers, Sic.

      Ointment of Ioduretted Iodide of Potassium  with Opium.
 R.  Iodinae, gr. xvj.
    Potassa?  iodidi, 3J.
    Tincturae opii, 3ij-
    Adipis, gij.
 Fiat unguentum.  Applied to scrofulous and other  ulcers.—Lugol. 
                       EPISPASTICS.                    Ill

                Ointment of Iodide of Arsenic.
R. Iodidi arsenici, gr. iij.
   Adipis preparatae, gj.
Fiat unguentum.
  Employed in Lepra, Impetigo, and other cutaneous affections.

               Ointment of Cyanide of Mercury.
R. Hydrargyri Cyanidi, gr. xij.
   Adipis, gj.
Fiat unguentum.

                Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur.
R. Iodureti Sulphuris, partes 5.
   Adipis, partes 96.
Fiat unguentum.—In Diseases of the Skin.           Magendie.

                    Ointment of Bromium.
\\. Adipis, |j.
   Hydrobromatis Potassae, gr. xxxiv.
Fiat unguentum.

            Decoction  of Turpentine and Cantharides.    ^^^
R. Pulveris Cantharidum, ±i.
   Olei Terebinthina?, 5viij.
Boil them together for three hours, then  filter.

  This is the process  usually followed by our apothe-
caries, but we conceive thirty minutes'  boiling would
be quite sufficient,  and the cantharides be less likely to
be  injured by  the heat.   It was first  made  by  Dr.
Hartshorne of  this city, wTho has used  it with great
success in  the typhoid  state of  fever.   It  is merely
rubbed over the surface of the body.

                     Kentish Ointment.
R. Unguenti Resinae flavae, gij.
   Olei Terebinthina?, 5>j' vel gss.
Fiat unguentum. 
  112                    EPISPASTICS.

    This preparation has long been  celebrated in  burns
  and scalds.   We  must be  careful to  avoid touching
  the sound skin, for turpentine  occasionally  inflames
  it severely.

                      Turpentine Liniment.
  R.  Olei Terebinthinae, gij.
    ---Olivarum, gij.
    Tinctura? Camphorae, gj.
    Aquae Ammonia?, 5j-
 Fiat linimentum.
                       Creosote Ointment.
 R. Creosotis, gtt. xv.
    Cerati simplicis, gj.
    Olei cinnamomi, gtt. vj.
 Fiat unguentum.—In ulcers of a chronic character, and in  cutaneous
   eruptions.
           Digestive Ointment of the French Hospitals.
 R. Unguenti terebinthina? comp. gij.
    Vitellum ovi j.
    Olei olivarum, gij.
 Misce.—Used in dressing indolent wounds and ulcers.     Ratier.

                       Sulphur Ointment.
 R. Adipis suilli, fly.
   Sulphuris sublimati, gviij.
 Fiat unguentum.—Used in friction—three to  six drachms at a time.

                       Mercurial Cerate.
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri, 3iv.
   Cerati simplicis, gx.
 Fiat unguentum.—A dressing for venereal ulcers.          Ratier.

                    Ointment of Belladonna.
 R. Extracti Belladonna?, gij.
   Aquae destillatae, gij.
   Adipis Suillae, 5ij.
Misce.—Employed by M. Chaussier as a direct  application to the
   neck of the uterus, in case of rigidity of that part.       Ratier. 
RUBEFACIEiYPs.
113
                   Liniment with Camphor, Sic.
 R. Spiritus Camphorati, 3iij.
    Acidi acetici fortis, ?j.
 Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to bruises, rheumatic parts, &c.

                       Soap Liniment, Sic.
 R. Liniment! saponis, 3>j.
    Aquae Ammoniae,  5j.
    Tincturae Opii, 3ss.
 Fiat linimentum.—To be used as above.

 Liniment with Ammonia and Olive Oil, vulgo,  Volatile Liniment.
 R. Olei Olivarum,
    Aquae Ammonia?,  aa. 5j.
 Misce.—This preparation is frequently employed in inflammation of
   the throat and other similar cases.

         Liniment of Ammonia and Tartarized Antimony.
 R. Linimenti Ammonias, gj.
    Tartratis  antimonii, gj.
 Misce.—This is often applied to indolent  tumours, and other swell-
   ings.

                  Liniment of  Cantharides, Sic.
 R. Camphorae, giij.
 Solve in decocti Cantharidis cum terebinthina, gss.—et adde__
    Unguenti Hydrargyri fortis,
    --------simplicis, aa.  X}.
 Fiat linimentum.—This preparation might be  employed in cases  of
   low  fever, where it  is  desirable to rouse the system, and at the same
   time affect  it with mercury; also in tumours.

                 Lotion of Cyanide of Potassium.
R. Potassii cyanidi, gr. xij.
    Mistura? amygdalarum, gvj.
Fiat lotio.—Used in Lichen, and  other chronic eruptions,
         15 
114
RUBEFACIENTS.
                 Solution of Caustic Potash.
R. Potassae purae, giss.
   Aquae destillatae, ^ij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be applied to the spine in cases of tetanus.

  Dr. Hartshorne speaks in high terms of the benefi-
cial effects of this solution in the above disease.  The
best mode  of applying it, so as  merely to produce a
rubefacient action, is to tie a piece of sponge to a stick
or common table fork, and use it as a brush to apply
the solution from the nape  of the neck  to the sacrum.
When the solution  is tolerably strong,  the effect is
powerful.
                 Compound Opiate Liniment.
R. Tincturae Opii,
   Spiritus iEtheris Sulphurici,
   -------Camphorae, aa. gij.
Fiat embrocatio.—To be applied to parts affected with rheumatism.

  It  is very useful in odontalgia, pain  in the region
of the ear, &c.

                      Opiate Liniment.
R. Olei olivarum, gij.
   Tinctura Opii, gij.
   Aquae acetatis plumbi, ^ss.
Misce.
             Embrocation of Acetate of Ammonia.
R. Ammonia? carbonatis, gij.
   Acidi acetici, Oiij. vel q.  s. ad saturandum:
   Spiritus tenuis, Oiss.
Mix the ammonia with the vinegar, and after effervescence ceases, add
  the spirit.

  To be applied to rheumatic affections;  or mixed
with linseed  meal, it  may  be used as  a poultice to
chronic inflammations of the joints, &c. 
                       RUBEFACIENTS.                   115

                   Compound Liniment of Tar.

 R. Petrolei Barbadensis, gj.
    Camphorae, ?ss.
    Alcoholis, gtt. xl.
 Fiat linimentum.—Powder the camphor by adding the spirit, and then
   mix the whole in a mortar.

   To be applied round the joints in  cases of a chronic
 kind,  and  especially where  thickening of  the  liga-
 ments  is suspected.


                       Creosote Liniment.
 R. Creosoti, gtt. x.
    Olei Olivarum, gj.
 Fiat linimentum.—In Herpes, &c.

                        Creosote Lotion.
 R. Creosoti, gtt x.
    Aceti, gij.
    Aquae destillatae, 5ij.
 Fiat lotio.—Applied in phagadenic ulceration.

                       Camphorated Oil.
 R. Camphorae, gj.
    Olei Olivarum,  5iv.
 Tere, et fiat solutio; tunc adde,
    Olei Terebinthinae, ^iss.
 To be applied by rubbing with a piece of flannel; in deep-seated rheu-
   matic pains.

             Epithem with Tincture of Cantharides.

R. Pulveris Cantharidum, gj.
    Spiritus vini rectificati,  5iv.
Digest with a gentle heat for two days.—Strain and  add—
    Camphorae, ±ss.
To be rubbed on the parts affected.  In paralysis. 
116
CATAPLASMS, &C.
       Epithem with Camphor and Carbonate of Ammonia.

R. Spiritus Camphorati, ^iv.
   Carbonatis Ammoniae, gss.
   Olei Juniperi,
   --- Succini, aa. gij.
Misce.—To be employed in the same cases as the former.


                 Liniment of Oil of Amber, fyc.

R. Olei Succini rectificati, gij.
   ---Olivarum, 5ss.
   Tincturae Opii, gij.
   Spiritus vini Gallici, 5iij.
Fiat linimentum.—Signa.—To be rubbed between the shoulders.  In
   pertussis.


               Cayenne Pepper and Alcohol Dilute.

R. Pulveris Capsici, gij.
   Spiritus vini diluti, 3viij.
Misce.—This preparation forms an excellent rubefacient in  cases of
  low  fever.  Dr. Chapman recommends it  strongly in sciatica, and
  other rheumatic affections.

   In dyspepsia, and some diseases of the head attended
with cold feet, socks dusted with Cayenne pepper  are
very useful.

                     CATAPLASMS, Sic

                    Cataplasm of Pepper, tf-c.
R. Seminum Sinapeos contus: ftss.
   Piperis nigri,
   Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 3j.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.  ut fiat cataplasma.
To be applied to the region of the stomach in severe pain or sickness;
  or, to the soles of the feet  when revulsion is desirable. 
                     CATAPLASMS, &C.                117

                       Spice Plaster.
R. Pulveris Caryophillorurn,
   ------•  Cinnamomi,
   —----•  Capsici annui, aa. gss.
Misce, et adde—
   Farina?,
   Vini Gallici, aa. q. s.—ut  fiat cataplasma.
Let the plaster, thus prepared, be made hot, and applied to the epigas-
  tric region.

   Dr. Parrish was accustomed to speak in the highest
terms of this plaster in  cholera.

                     Mustard Cataplasm.

R. Pulveris Sinapeos, 3ij.
   Acidi acetici tepidi, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma.

   The uses of the mustard  poultice are too well known
to require description.   We  will only observe, that it
is frequently made by adding an equal quantity  of
wheat or rye  flour; this  should always be  done for
children, or other persons of delicate skins.  It cannot,
generally, be borne longer than a half hour or hour.


                      Iodine Cataplasm.

R. Tinctura? Iodinae,  ^ss.
   Pulveris lini, 3J.
   Farina? avenae, iriij.
   Aqua? q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma.
Applied to indolent ulcers, (especially those of a scrofulous character)
   and to tumours of the same class.

                      Garlic Cataplasm.

The Garlic Cataplasm is employed with  the same  intention as  the
   mustard,  though it  is much less  active. It may be made by bruising
   the cloves of garlic, and mixing  them in a common poultice of bread
   and milk.  Onions may be substituted for garlic. 
118                 CATAPLASMS,  &C.
                  Cataplasm of Common Salt, &/c.
 R. Pulveris Lini,
     Mica?  panis  singulorum  partes aequales, Aqua?  Soda? muriatis
       saturatae, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma.
 To be applied to indolent strumous swellings, and enlargements of the
   joints.   When it produces irritation or inflammation, the common
   bread and milk poultice must be substituted; and the other re-applied
   when the skin will admit of it

                       Cataplasm of Vest.
 R. Farina?, ftj.
    Cerevisia? fermenti, Oss.
 Misce.—This cataplasm is useful in stimulating foul ulcers and gan-
   grenous wounds, and removing the unpleasant odour.  It should be
   made with fresh yeast, and applied warm.

                     Cataplasm of Charcoal.
 This cataplasm is made by stirring  into the  common bread and  milk
   poultice as much finely powdered charcoal as it will bear.  It is a
   very useful application to offensive ulcers;  removing in a short time
   the fcetor, and disposing  them to a more healthy aspect.

   Cataplasms are made of carrots or turnips, by simply
 boiling them  to softness, and beating them to  a pulpy
 mass.  Both  of these  are  said to furnish a good poul-
 tice for cancerous and other painful  sores.

                            Cloves.
 Quilt some powdered cloves in flannel, and  wring them out in hot
  brandy.  Thus prepared, they form an excellent external applica-
  tion in cases of colic, and great  irritability of the stomach, as it
  occurs  in cholera.

                     Emollient Cataplasm.
 R. Farina? seminum Lini,
    --------------Hordei, aa. partes equales.
   Aquae vel lactis, q. s.—ut fiat cataplasma.
The milk or water may be warmed  if desirable.  Applied to inflam-
  matory tumours. 
              BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, &C.          119

                   Antiseptic Cataplasm.
R. Cataplasmatis emollientis, 3viij.
   Pulveris Kino,
   ------. Camphorae, aa. gij.
Fiat cataplasma.—Applied to wounds and ulcers that have assumed an
  unhealthy action.                             Hotel Dieu.

                   Resolvent Cataplasm.
R. Cataplasmatis emollientis, giv.
   Acetatis plumbi, 3j.
   Muriatis ammonia?, gss.
Fiat cataplasma.—Applicable to tumours that require a gentle excite-
  ment.                               Ratier's Formulary.

                Warm Strengthening Plaster.
R. Picis Burgundici, 3v.
   Unguenti Cantharidum, 3j.
Fiat emplastrum.—This plaster is applied in the same way, and used
  in all the cases for which Burgundy Pitch is prescribed.   It is irri-
  tating, and on some persons will draw a blister.

         BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, &c.

   The ordinary application of cold, tepid and shower
baths is too well known  to require any particular  no-
tice.   The hot bath  should be  of  a temperature of 93
to 96 degrees of Fahrenheit.  It is  designed to alleviate
general or local irritation, and to induce  repose and
sleep.   It is especially adapted  to fevers with deficient
capillary circulation, rheumatism, herpetic eruptions,
paralytic affections,  &c.   The  lower  temperature is
best  adapted to cutaneous complaints, and to bring on
relaxation  of the skin  during  febrile  irritation:   the
warmer temperature is suited  to  paralysis; and, as  a
general rule, more heat is desirable to act upon deep
seated than on superficial diseases.
   Vapour  Baths  are produced  by the evaporation of
boiling water in a suitable apparatus.  They are used,
like  ordinary warm baths, in rheumatic and cutaneous 
 120            BATHS, FOMENTATIONS,  &C.

 affectons and  in every case wherein profuse perspira-
 tion is desirable.  They are avoided in persons labour-
 ing under pulmonary or cardiac disease, and in cases
 of exhaustion from  any cause.
   Local Baths are  admirably adapted to parts which
 are swelled and painful, and may consist of tepid water
 only, or their  strength may be increased by the addi-
 tion of  saline,  emollient,  narcotic  or stimulant  sub-
 tances.

         Sulphurous Water, or Artificial Bareges Bath.
 R. Sulphureti Potassa?, jfoj.
   Aquae, cong. xxx.
 Mix for a bath.   In cutaneous eruptions.

                  Sulphureo-Gelalinous Bath.
 R. Sulphureti Potassae, gij vel giv.
  Aquae, cong. xxx.
Add to this solution,
   Ichthyocollae,  fkj. vel ifeij i*1 Aquas bullientis solutae, J^x.
 This bath, according to  Dr. Green, (Diseases  of the Skin, p. 240,)
  " is preferable to the artificial Bareges Bath, as it is neither irritating
  nor apt to occasion feverishness, which the common  sulphureous
  water  bath is.   A cheaper and not less  efficacious gelatine may be
  procured by dissolving from a pound and a half to  two pounds of
  parchment-clippings in water by long boiling, or  by using a neat's
  or a calf's foot for the purpose."

                      Emollient Bath.

To an ordinary tepid water bath, add a large cupful of  thick gruel or
  paste,  and mix it well with the water.  These baths are very effica-
  cious in prurigo, eczema, lichen and impetigo.

                  Nitro-murialic Acid Bath.
 R. Acidi nitrici, 3iij.
   Acidi muriatici, 3j.
 Mix, and add to the water  of a tepid bath,  which should then  be
  about as sour as distilled vinegar. 
BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, &C.           121
                        Sublimate Bath.
 R. Hydrargyri bichloridi, gij vel gj.
    Aqua? tepidae, cong. xxx.
 Mix for a bath.  Prescribed  by the French  physicians in syphilitic
   affections, when it  is desirable  to avoid the action of the medicine
   on the stomach.  This plan is seldom resorted to, on account of the
   great risk of employing corrosive sublimate in such large  quan-
   tity.

                        Alkaline Bath.

 R. Potassae carbonatis, giv vel gviij.
    Aqua? tepidae, cong. xxx.
 Mix for a bath.  Very useful in promoting desquammation from the
   skin, and in allaying itching in various forms of Prurigo.

                  Artificial Harrowgate Bath.
 R. Soda? muriatis, tfoij.
    Magnesiae sulphatis, giij.
    Potassa? sulphureti, ffoj.
    Aqua?, cong. xxx.
 Mix for a bath.

   Fomentation  is a yet  more restricted mode of ap-
 plying fluids to the surface of the body, which is done
 by means of  a sponge, flannel  or soft  cloth.   To  be
 efficacious  they  should  be  often repeated,  and  not
 allowed to get cold.

                    Stimulant Fomentation.
 R.  Vini rubri, Oij.
    Mellis, giv.
 Misce.—This  is an  active fomentation, and is applied  to parts in a
  low  state of vitality.                                 Ratier.

                  Saponaceous  Fomentation.

R.  Spiritus vini gallici, Oij.
   Saponis, 3J.
Misce.—A resolvent in indolent  tumours, and  in sprains.   Ratier.
          16 
122           BATHS, FOMENTATIONS, &C.
                   Narcotic Fomentation.
R. Gum Opii, gij.
   Aquae, Oj.
Solve.—Adapted to painful affections  of the joints, as chronic rheu-
  matism, Sic.                                     Ratier.
                   Narcotic Fomentation.

R. Foliorum Dulcamara?, gij.
   Capsularum papaveris, gij.
   Aquae ferventis, Oj.
Fiat  infusum.—Employed  as a soothing application to irritable sur-
  faces.

                   Mustard Fomentation.
R. Farina? sinapeos, giv.
   Aqua? ferventis, Oj.
Misce.—By wetting cloths in this fluid and applying them to the
  skin, irritation may be prolonged to any requisite degree.

                    Tobacco Fomentation.
R. Foliorum tabaci, gij.
   Aqua? ferventis, Oj.
Misce.—Employed in Psora, but is apt to produce nausea and vomit-
  ing.

   Fumigations  are  for  the  most  part  used to  pu-
rify infected  air by  absorbing or otherwise  counter-
acting deleterious  gases.   They are also employed in
diseases of the skin, and may  be sometimes substituted
for  a local bath.  The ordinary process for fumigating
apartments with chlorine, has been already described.
 (Page 86.)
   Fumigations  of sulphur,  cinnabar,  and  mercury
 are also in common use, for  medicinal purposes, and
 are readily applied with a proper apparatus.
   For Inhalations, see Expectorants, p. 84. 
CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS.
123
          CAUSTICS, OR  ESCHAROTICS.

    Caustics or cauteries are divided into the actual and
 potential.   The first consists  of fire itself;  and the
 second  of  those substances which destroy the living
 solids, either by excessive stimulation, or, as some have
 supposed, by producing a chemical decomposition.


                 Common Caustic with Opium.

 R. Potassae cum Calce, gij.
    Pulveris Opii, gss.
    Saponis mollis, q. s.
 Misce.—This preparation  is employed for the  same purpose  as the
   common caustic.

                           Potassa.
 The Causticum commune acerrimum is the pure Potash: when mixed
   with lime, its activity is lessened, and it is then called  Causticum
   commune mitius.  For the best mode of applying this remedy, see
   the remarks on Issues.  As this caustic  spreads rapidly and eats
   deeply, care should be taken not to leave it on too  long, when in
   the neighbourhood of large blood-vessels.  When, however, we
   wish to arrest its effects, we may neutralize it at once by a little
   vinegar.

                        Lunar Caustic.

This caustic is the Nitras Argenti, deprived of its water of crystalliza-
   tion, fused and cast into moulds.   Its  mode of application is univer-
   sally known.  It is free from the inconveniences of the former.


                        Burnt Alum.
The Alumen ustum is made  by  depriving  this salt of its water of
  crystallization by heat.  It  is  applied in  powder to the  fungous
  granulation of ulcers; and, mixed with an equal part of powdered
  sugar, is used to remove  specks or nebulae  of the cornea. 
124
CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS.
                MINERAL  ACIDS.

  The mineral acids are all escharotics, though seldom
employed, because of the difficulty of managing fluids
when used in  this way.  Nitric Acid diluted is some-
times applied to extensive foul ulcers, in warm weather,
to destroy the animalculse which  are apt to be gene-
rated in such sores.

            Solution of Muriate of Ammonia, $c.
R. Muriatis Ammonia?, gj.
   Aceti destillati, 3ij.
   Aqua? fontanae, 3iv.
Fiat solutio.—To be applied to venereal warts.
                                       Bell on Venereal.

           White Oxide of Arsenic, or Arsenious Acid.
R. Acidi Arseniosi albi, 9j.
   Aqua? fontanae, 5ij.
Fiat solutio.

   This  solution  is  occasionally applied  to  cancerous
sores : it was formerly used in the shape of powder or
paste, as  an empirical remedy.  But it is now seldom
employed, from   the circumstance of  its producing
constitutional irritation.  Sir Astley Cooper mentions
 cases where, from its aborption  when applied to open
 sores, partial if not complete paralysis of the limbs was
 the consequence.

                   Ointment of Arsenic.
 R. Acidi Arseniosi pulveris, gj.
    Adipis Suillae,
    Cerati cetacei, aa. gvj.

 Melt the cerate and lard over a slow fire,  and then pour it on the white
   oxide of arsenic, and triturate  it in  a  glass mortar until it is inti-
   mately united.—Pharm. Chirurg.—For cancers, &c. 
CAUSTICS, OR ESCHAROTICS.          125
  The same care is required in its use as in the solu-
tion.
               Dubois's Arsenical Powder.
R. Oxydi arsenici albi, gss.
   Sulphureti Hydrargyri rubri, 3j.
   Resina? pterocarpi, gss.
Fiatpulvis.—Chiefly used in the French hospitals as a caustic to can-
  cerous affections.                               Ratier.

                      MOXA.
   This is another mode of using the actual  cautery;
and, as it is engaging the attention of physicians, we
insert  the usual mode of applying it.—The Chinese
employ this remedy by means of the Mugwort.  They
separate this soft lanuginous substance by beating, and
form it into a cone; the base of this is attached, by be-
ing wetted, to the skin, and the point set on fire.
   Dr.  Boyle recommends dipping cotton in a strong
solution of nitrate of potash, and  enclosing  pieces of
this thoroughly dried in  paper cylinders, about one
inch in diameter,  and another inch  in height.  Dr.
Burne employs wood  in a state of dry-rot, touch-wood.
This only requires to  be shaped properly, and burns,
he says, with certainty and steadiness, and is prefera-
ble to the other modes suggested;—some of which,
as common cotton, or  lint, requiring the use of the bel-
lows,  and when they have been  dipped in nitre, de-
manding care to prevent the scintillations from injuring
the surrounding parts.
   The cylinders or cones of touch-wood may be con-
fined to  the skin by a little adhesive plaster affixed to
the edges.
   It is proposed to  place  pieces  of  cold iron in  the
neighbourhood of the part while the moxa is burning,
in order to render the sensations more vague, and there-
fore less painful.
   Moxa is  used in diseases of the spine,  paralysis,
&c. &c. 
126          STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &C.


      STIMULATING   OINTMENTS, &c.

                Ointment of Red Precipitate.

R. Hydrargyri oxydi rubri, 3j.
   Terebinthinae venetae, gj.
Fiat unguentum.

   This preparation may be applied to indolent sores,
and is said, by some practitioners, to be  a specific  in
itch.
                     White Precipitate.
R. Hydrargyri precipitati albi, gr. xv.
   Nitratis Potassae, gss.
   Florum Sulphuris, gj.
Bene teranturet adde—
   Axungiae Porcinae, 3ij.
Fiat unguentum.

   Dr. Chapman remarks,  that this  ointment has long
been  celebrated in the cure of itch.

                Solution of Phosphoric Acid.

R. Acidi phosphorici, gj.
   Aqua? destillatae, gviij.
Fiat solutio.

   Dr. Lentin, a German Physician, has employed this
solution on compresses applied to ulcers  situated over
carious bones, and he imagines with decided benefit.—
Spillaris Supplement to  the British Pharmacopoeias.

             Corrosive Sublimate and Lime-Water.
R. Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. j vel iij.
   Aqua?  Calcis, gj.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—The yellow wash. 
             STIMULATING OINTMENTS, &,C.          127

  For ordinary purposes one grain to the ounce will
be sufficient.  It is employed in phagedenic and vene-
real ulcers.

                  Calomel and Lime-Water.

R. Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, 3J.
   Aquae Calcis, giv.
Misce.—Signa.—The black wash.

   This prescription  is  used in the same  cases as the
other.   The red-oxide  in  that, and the black-oxide of
mercury  in this, are precipitated  by the lime-water.
They are sometimes administered in the  form of in-
jections, in gleets and obstinate gonorrhoea.

               Anli-psoric Ijotion of Dupuytren.

R. Sulphureti potassae, giv.
    Aquae, Oj.
    Acidi sulphurici, giv.
Misce.—To be applied two or three times a-day on the parts covered
   with pustules, and with this treatment the simple bath is conjoined.

                     Lotion of Myrrh.

 R. Tincturae Myrrhae,
    Liquoris Calci, aa. gj.
 Misce.

    This  lotion  is recommended  by  Dr.  Kirkland for
 taking down fungous flesh.  In cases of fungous brain,
 he found it extremely serviceable applied to the excre-
 scence on dossils of lint.

               Powder of  Verdigris and  Calomel.
 R. Acetatis Cupri,
    Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, aa. 9j.
 Fiat pulvis subtillisimus.—For chancres and indolent ulcere, 
128
ISSUES AND SETONS.
                 Powdered Rhubarb, $-c.
R. Pulveris Rhei,
   ------  Ipacacuanhae, aa. gj.
Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted on sarcomatous and warty tumours.

   Rhubarb alone forms an excellent application to in-
dolent ulcers.

                 Powder of Savin, &/c.
R. Pulveris Sabina?,
   ------  Acetatis Cupri, aa. 3j.
Fiat pulvis.—To be dusted  on  sores accompanied with  fungus ex-
  crescences.

          Ointment with Carbonate of Ammonia, fyc.

R. Carbonatis Ammoniae, 3ss.
   Unguenti simplicis, 3ss.
Fiat unguentum.—To be used in indolent ulcers of a scrofulous cha-
  racter.

            ISSUES  AND SETONS.

   These remedies are employed as substitutes for blis-
ters, where  a  permanent  discharge is desired.  We
therefore  insert the  best rules for  their  employ-
ment.
   There are three  kinds of issues in common use, by
either  of  which we may procure a discharge of puru-
lent matter  for  any length of time that  may be re-
quired.  They are applied in different situations, ac-
cording to circumstances, and some one of the following
parts is generally chosen;  the nape of the neck; the
hollow of the deltoid muscle, and between the shoul-
ders or ribs; in  the inferior extremities they are most
conveniently formed in the inside of the leg, either
above  or below the knee. 
ISSUES  AND  SETONS.
120
                      1.  Blister Issue.
To form this issue it is merely necessary to apply a blister  to any
  part in the usual manner; the skin being thus removed, the discharge
  should be continued by means of stimulating ointments, as Unguen-
  tum Cantharidum, Ung. Basilici, Ung. Sabinae, etc.  These may
  be alternated with mild liniments, in order to prevent the ulceration
  and consequent discharge from becoming excessive.

                     2. The Pea Issue.
There are two modes of forming this issue; the first is made by means
  of a lancet; the part is merely taken in the thumb and finger, and
  an  incision made by passing the lancet  through the skin.  The
  wound should be kept open by means of orange peas, the common
  pea, a bean, or a bit of orris root.

   The following  extracts  from the  Surgeon's  Vade
Mecum, will best exemplify the manner of forming the
issue with caustic:—
   " The  part is first to be covered with a piece of  ad-
hesive plaster, in the centre of which  a  circular hole
has been cut  of the size of  the intended issue;  in this
hole the  caustic, kali purum, made into  a paste with
soap, is to be placed.   The whole is then to be  covered
with another  plaster, secured by a bandage, and suf-
fered to remain for ten  or twelve  hours.   Generally in
two or three days an eschar begins  to  separate, when
the opening should be  filled with the substance made
choice of."   These substances are enumerated above.

                       3. TheSeton.
To form this artificial  discharge, take the seton  needle, to which is
  attached a skein of silk, the latter being partially anointed with some
  oleaginous  substance.   The  needle is to be  passed completely
  through the part chosen for the operation, after which it is removed,
  and the ends of the silk left hanging from the wound.  It should be
  dressed every day, or twice a-day, with  some mild  ointment; and if
  this be not  sufficient to keep up the discharge, the more stimulating
  unguents may  be used, as mentioned when speaking of the  blister
  issue.
       17 
130
BOUGIES.
                       BOUGIES.

   Although directions for forming bougies may appear
 out of place under this head, yet as country physicians
 may often  be obliged to make these articles, we can
 not forbear inserting the formula?, and we see no more
 appropriate place in the work.

 R.  Cera? alba?, gxvj.
    Terebinthinae venetae, 3iss.
    Olei olivarum, gi.
 Melt the wax and turpentine over a slow fire, and then add the oil.

                   Bougie, with Red Lead.
 R.  Olivarum Olei, Oj.
    Cera? flavae, gx.
    Oxidi Plumbi rubri, gxv.
 Boil over a slow fire until the minium is perfectly dissolved, which
  will be in about four or six hours.

                   Dr. Swediaur's Bougie.
 R.  Cera? flavae, Jfcj.
    Cetacei ceti, 3iij-
    Plumbi acetatis, 3 v.
 These are to be boiled like the former until the composition is of a
  proper consistence for forming bougies.

                      Sharp's Bougie.
R. Diachyli cum pice Burgundica, gij.
   Argenti vivi, gj.
   Antimonii sulphureti ppt: gss.
The quicksilver to be previously dissolved in balsam of sulphur or in
  honey, and added to the plaster when melted in a moderate heat.
                                         Bell on Venereal.

  In order to form a bougie, a slip of linen,  an inch in
width at  one end, and  an inch and a quarter at the
other,  and from ten  to  twelve inches long, must  be
dipped into the melted composition, taking care that it
be evenly applied; it is then to be carefully folded up 
BOUGIES.
131
into the proper  longitudinal  shape, and rolled  firmly
between  two marble slabs, till perfectly smooth and
even.—Pharmacop. Chirurgica.
  The caustic bougie is made by simply rolling in the
centre of the wax bougie, at  the  extremity, a  small
piece of lunar or common caustic.   The former is more
manageable, and therefore generally preferred. Bougies
are sometimes dipped  in Basilicon or mercurial oint-
ment, oil of turpentine, &c, in order to render them
more stimulating when employed in the  treatment of
gleet, &c. 
(  132   )
CLASS  X.
                STIMULANTS.

   In the use of stimulants, it is for  the most part ad-
visable to begin with small doses, and augment them
as circumstances may require.  There are cases, how-
ever, in which it is necessary to give them plentifully
ab initio.
  It will be often requisite to change not only the sti-
mulating substances, but the part of the body to which
they  are applied;  thus when  the  stomach fails,  the
rectum and skin may be acted upon with advantage.


                 PILLS,  POWDERS, &c.

                  Pills of Camphor, fyc.
R. Pulveris Lyttae, gr. xviij.
   -------Opii,
   -------Camphorae, aa. gr. xxxvj.
   Conservae rosarum, q. s.
Ut fiant  pilulae xxxvj.—Of which one  or two may be taken every
  night on going to bed.

  Designed for impotency arising from general debi-
lity.

              Pills of Deuto-iodide of Mercury.
R. Deuto-iodidi Hydrargyri, gr. j.
   Extracti Juniperis vel Glycyrrhiza?, gr. xij. 
STIMULANTS.
133
 Divide in pilulas viij.—Signa.—Two in the morning and two at night;
   dose to be augmented gradually to four in  the morning and four at
   night.

   Pills of  proto-iodide  of mercury may  be made  in
 the same  proportions and given in the  same  doses.
 In scrofula.

                    Pills of Turpentine, fyc.
 R. Pulveris Guaiaci, gj.
    Terebinthinae venetae, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilula? xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day.

   These pills have a powerful effect upon the  urinary
 organs.   They are employed in gleet and leucorrhcea,
 and frequently produce  the most obstinate strangury.

                   Pills of Cayenne Pepper.
 R. Pulveris Capsici,gj.
   Mica? panis,
   Aquae destillatae, aa. q. s.
 Ut fiant pilulae xij.—Signa.—One three or four times a-day.   In de-
   bility of the stomach, resulting from intemperance.

                        Aromatic Pills.
 R. Carbonatis Ammonia?,
   Capsici,
   Caryophylii,
   Macis, aa. ^j.
   Olei Carui, gtt. v.
   Extracti Gentiana?, gr. xij.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilulae xx.—Signa.—One every two hours in gout of the sto-
   mach.                                        Dr. Parrisk.
                 Tincture of Cantharades,  <$'c.
R. Radicis Rhei contusae giss.
   Guaiaci, gr. xlv.
   Gummi Laccae, 3ss.
   Cantharidum contusarum, 3J.
   Spiritus vini rectificati, gxij. 
134
STIMULANTS.
Fiat infusio, et cola.  Dose from thirty to fifty drops, night and morn-
  ing, in a draught of water.  In gleets.

   From the active nature of these  articles, we would
recommend caution in the use of them.

              Mixture of  Carbonate of Ammonia, $c.

R. Carbonatis Ammoniae,  3iss.
   Pulveris sacchari albi,
   ------  gummi Acacia?, aa. ^iss.
   Spiritus Lavendula? compositi, 3ij-
   Aquae destillatae, vel Mentha?, riv.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A  table-spoonful for a dose, every one or two
  hours.—And, if desirable, Tinct. Opii, gtt. xl vel 1. may be added
   to the mixture.

        Draught with Valerian and Carbonate of Ammonia.
 R. Pulveris Valeriana?, 9j.
    Carbonatis Ammonia?, gr. xv.
    Aqua? Cinnamomi, gij.
 Misce.—Fiat haustus.—To be taken every fourth  hour.  Suited to
   cases of nervous headach, and depression of spirits.

                      Mixture of Cubebs, fyc.

 R. Pulveris  Cubebarum, ^ij.
    Carbonatis Sodae, gss.
    Mucilaginis  Acacia?, gvj.
    Aquae Menthae, gvj.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take a table-spoonful every hour and a-half.

             Mixture of Oxide of Bismuth, Cubebs, fyc.

 R.  Pulveris Cubebarum,  3ij-
     Sub-nitratis Bismuthi, 3ss.
     Mucilaginis Acacia?, gss.                                    :;
     Syrupi  simplicis, gvj.
     Aquae destillatae, gvj.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—Take two table-spoonsful three times a-day. 
STIMULANTS.
135
   We have extracted these prescriptions from a paper
 of John Fosbroke, surgeon, Chittenham; published in
 the Medical Recorder, April, 1825.
   They  are  recommended,  with other  similar com-
 pounds,  in various affections  of the  mucous  mem-
 branes :—viz. of the bowels, bladder, trachea, &c.
   There  is  not much general confidence  reposed in
 cubebs in this country.   Perhaps this  skepticism as to
 their efficacy may not  be well founded.

                    Camphorated Enema.

 R, Enematis communis, f^ij.
    Camphorae, ^ij.
    Vitellum unius ovi.
 Misce.—Signa.—One fourth part to be thrown up the rectum in the
   treatment of putrid fevers, pro renata.         M. Chaussier.


           R. Acetatis Ammoniae.—Quantum placet.

 This article,it is said, will dissipate inebriety in less than five minutes.
 The dose may be safely ten grains.

                     Antisceptic Pills.

 R. Camphorae,
   Nitratis potassae,
   Pulveris Gummi Arabicae, aa. 9j.
Mix, and divide into pills of four grains each.—Dose two pills every
  hour or two hours,  when a tendency to gangrene exists.


             Draught with Powdered Ginger, fyc.

R. Pulveris Zingiberis, gr. xv.
   Carbonatis Ammonia?, gr. viij.
   Spiritus Cinnamomi, gij.
   Aqua?, giss.
Misce.—Signa.—To be taken at once.  In cases of gout  in the  sto-
  mach. 
136
STIMULANTS.
                    Camphor Mixture.
R. Camphorae, ^j.
   Pulveris gummi Arabici,
   ------- Sacchari albi, aa. giss.
   Tinctura? Opii, gtt. xl.
   Aqua? Mentha?, giv.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours.

   In reducing  camphor  to  powder, (which  must  be
done before it can  be formed into a mixture,) it is ne-
cessary to add to it a few drops of alcohol.

                     Camphor in Milk.
R. Camphorae, gj.
   Lactis bullientis, giv.
Fiat solutio.—This preparation  may be taken in the manner as di-
  rected in the former.

                       Camphor Julep.

R. Camphorae,  3j.
   Aquae bullientis, ^viij.
Fiat mistura.—This preparation should be set aside in a covered ves-
  sel for half an hour, and then strained.—Signa.—A table-spoonful
  for a dose pro re nata.

                  Camphor with Magnesia.

 R. Camphorae pulverizatae, gj.
   Magnesiae carbonatis, gij.
    Aquae destillatae, Oj.
 Fiat mistura.

   This prescription answers the same purpose as the
 former.   It  is  considered a more  elegant preparation,
 and is given in the same doses.  It should be suffered
 to settle; and the clear liquor, which is slightly impreg-
 nated  with the camphor, decanted for use. 
STIMULANTS.
137
                    Camphor with Myrrh.
 R. Camphorae pulverizatae, gj.
    Pulveris gummi Myrrhae, 2ss.
    ------ Sacchari albi, gij.
    Aquae destillatae, 3vj
 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every two hours.

                Mixture with Oil of Turpentine.
 R. Olei Terebinthinae, gtt.  cxx.
    Pulveris gummi Arabici,
    ------ Sacchari albi, aa. gij.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt. lx.
    -------Lavendulae compositae, 3ij-
   Aquae Menthae sativae, 3v.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every two hours.

   This remedy has gained great reputation in some of
 the low forms of fever.   The author once employed it
 in the dose  prescribed  above, in  passive  hemorrhage
 from  the bowels,  with  complete success;  and in he-
 morrhage from  the  bladder, resulting from low fever,
 he knows it to have been given with equal advantage.

                Linctus with Oil  of Turpentine.
 R. Olei Terebinthinae, 3ij.
    Mellis optimi, 5j.
 Fiat linctus—Dose a tea-spoonful night and morning, with a draught
   of warm tea.  In Sciatica.

                   Emulsion of Phosphorus.
 R. Phosphori puri, gr. ij.
   Mucilaginis Arabici, q. s.
 Let these articles be carefully and effectually triturated in a mortar,
  and add gradually as much distilled water as will make an emulsion
  of gvj.  then add—
   Syrupi simplicis,  ?j.
   Liquoris Hoffmani mineralis, gtt. xxx.
Fiat mistura.—Of which the usual dose is a table-spoonful every two
  hour.^.
          IS 
138
STIMULANTS.
   This preparation was originally made  by the  cele-
 brated Hufeland,  and  is  now taken  from Dr.  Chap-
 man's Therapeutics, p.  176, vol. 2.
   The  violence of the remedy,  and  its very  great
 power, are generally known to  physicians.   We need
 hardly repeat the  necessity there is for  the greatest
 caution in its administration.
   It is sometimes given in sweet oil, but this is said to
 be extremely nauseous.   A saturated solution of ether
 has also been employed, and is perhaps as  neat a mode
 as any other.  This solution contains about eight grains
 to the ounce.
             Mixture of Camphor and Guaiacum.
 R. Tincturae Opii Camphoratae,
    ------ Guaiaci ammoniatae, aa. ?j.
 Fiat mistura, et signa.—Two tea-spoonsful  every two hours.  In
   misplaced and retrocedent gout.

                Aromatic Spirit of Hartshorn.
 R. Spiritus Ammonia? aromatici, rij.
 Signa.—Twenty drops  to be  given in  half a wine-glassful of water,
  pro re nata.   In sudden exhaustion from any cause.

                      Mustard Seed.
 R. Seminum Sinapeos albi, ?j.
 Signa—A tea-spoonful of the unbruised seeds two or three times a-day.
   They are said to prove beneficial in  costive habits, where the con-
  stipation  depends upon a torpid state of the muscular coat of the
   intestines.—Paris on Diet, p. 187.

                 Infusion of Sassafras, &;c.
 R. Corticis Sassafragis, ?ss.
   Radicis Glycyrrhizae, 3ij.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
 Fiat infusio.—Signa.-One half may be taken in the morning, and the
  other half in the evenino-.

   Recommended highly by the  Germans in many
diseases of a scrofulous  character.—Hufeland1 s  Trea-
 tise. 
STIMULANTS.
139
                      Mustard Whey.
R. Lactis vaccinae, ffoj.
   Seminum Sinapeos contus: 5j.
Simmer until the caseous part separates, then strain, and add—
   Vini albi, 5vj.
Signa.—A draught of this whey may be taken every hour or two in
  low fever, and debilitated stomach.

                        Wine Wliey.
R. Lactis vaccinae, Oss.
   Vini albi, (Madeira,) ?j vel ?ij.
Boil the milk and then add the wine.

   There are few mild  stimulants more  employed, or
more useful than wine whey.  Dr. Chapman speaks
of it as having particularly a  kindred action with  car-
bonate of ammonia.  The dose to be regulated by the
circumstances of  the case; from  four ounces  to ten
during the day.

                 Infusion  of Cayenne Pepper.
R. Pulveris Capsici annui, giss.
   Aquae bullientis, Oss.
Fiat infusio.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose in severe colic, or
  gout in  the stomach.

   For the external use of it, see Rubefacients.

                      Infusion of Cloves.
R. Caryophylli contusi, 3j-
   Aquae bullientis, Oss.
Fiat infusio.—Signa.—To be employed in the same  cases, and in
  similar doses as the former.

   This preparation is also very useful as an adjunct to
bark  in intermittent fever.

                   An Infusion of Ginger,
Is  also an excellent stomachic, and may  be employed  with  great
  benefit in debility of the stomach and bowels. 
140
STIMULANTS.
                    Mixture with  Wine, $-c.
R. VitellumOvij.
   Olei Cinnamomi, gtt. xx.
Misce, et adde—
   Vini albi, (Madeira,)
   Aqua? Cinnamomi, aa. 3iij.
    ---- destillatae, 3ij.
   Sacchari albi, 3ij-
Signa.—Three spoonsful for a dose.   During convalescence from low
  fevers. 
(   141   )
CLASS  XI.
                NARCOTICS.

   Narcotics have been denominated  Sedatives, from
their power of diminishing  action; Anodynes, from
their capability of alleviating pain; and Hypnotics, or
Soporifics, from their power of inducing sleep.  A few
words only will be necessary as general rules for their
administration, and  any peculiarities that individuals
of the class may possess will be noticed under the ap-
propriate prescriptions.  It is well known they possess
the power of fulfilling two indications;  namely, of ex-
citing and depressing the powers of the system.
   To obtain the first of these results, it is necessary to
begin with  small  doses, and repeat them frequently;
while, in order to arrive at the second, a full dose must
be given, and not resorted to again for a considerable
length of time.  We should also bear in mind that the
system very soon becomes habituated  to their action,
and the  doses must be continually enlarged if it  be
found necessary  to  maintain their impression.  The
difference between  the  susceptibility  to their action
when the body is in a morbid or  healthy  condition,
should not be forgotten.

                       PILLS.
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. xij.
   Saponis albi, gr. iij.
Misce et divide in pilulas, xij.—Of which one is the ordinary dose to
  produce  sleep. 
142
NARCOTICS.
   In equal weights of powdered  and  soft opium, the
 former is much the more powerful, the latter contain-
 ing a considerable proportion of water.   This should
 be recollected when we are directing them in the form
 of pills.
   An opium  pill that has been made  long enough to
 become perfectly* hard and dry, will be retained by an
 irritable stomach when a fresh one would  be rejected.

                    Pills of Lupulin.
 R. Lupulina? purae, gss.
   Contunde in mortario, et divide in pilulas x.
 Signa.—From two to four pills may be given for a dose.

   This substance, we are  told by Dr. Ives, contains all
 the active properties of the hop. It is slightly narcotic,
 and will prove serviceable in  irritable states of  the
 stomach.
   The  lupulin  may be  administered  in powder, with
 two parts of white sugar, if it be deemed  a preferable
 mode.

                Pills of Acetate of Morphia.
 R. Acetatis morphia?, gr. iij.
   Conservae rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilula?, xij.
 Signa.—One may be given for a  dose, repeated pro re nata.

   One grain of either of the salts of morphia, is usually
estimated as equal to four of opium.

   The Sulphate and Muriate of Morphia are prepared
in the same way,  and  given in  the  same dose.

                  Pills of Lactucarium.
 R. Lactucarii optimi, gr. xij.
 Divide in pilulas, vj.
 Signa.—One for a dose, to be repeated in two hours, if sleep be not
  procured. 
NARCOTICS.
143
   The inspissated juice of the garden lettuce is said to
act as a direct sedative, lessening the frequency of the
pulse,  diminishing the  natural  heat, and  procuring
sleep,  without  inducing  the subsequent  distressing
effects  which follow the use of opium.
   The Thridace of the French appears to be prepared
by a different process  from that  employed in the pre-
paration of the  British Lactucarium.   The former  is
not so highly esteemed in this country as the latter.

            Pills of Hyosciamus and Ipecacuanha.
R. Extracti Hyosciami nigri, gr. x.
   Pulveris Ipecacuanha?, gr. v.
Misce et divide in pilulas x.—Signa.—One every half hour until re-
  lief is procured.

   These pills are recommended by Dr. Paris, in his
work on diet, in cases of flatulence.   They are de-
signed  to calm the irritability of the bowels.

               Pills of Opium, Hyosciamus, fyc.
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv.
   Extracti Hyosciami,
   -------Conii, aa. gr. xv.
Fiat massa in pilulas vj. dividenda.—One every night where an ano-
  dyne is required.

              Pills of Extract of Hyosciamus.
R. Extracti Hyosciami nigri, 9j.
Divide in pilulas x.—Of which one may be given every four hours,
  increasing the dose as required.

  This medicine is employed as a substitute for opium,
and is said not to constipate the bowels.

               Pills of Extract of Stramonium.
R. Extracti Stramonii, gss.
Divide in pilulas xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day. 
144                   NARCOTICS.
   The powdered leaves and seeds are  also employed
in similar doses.   Vide Expectorants.

                     Opiate Confection,
R. Confectionis Opii, gss.
To be given for a dose.—One grain of opium is  contained in forty-
  three grains of the Edinburgh confection.

                 Pills of Extract of Conium.
R. Extracti Conii, gj.
   Pulveris foliorum Conii, q. s.; ut fiat massa, et in pilulas xx divi-
     denda.
One of these pills night and morning, may be taken at the commence-
  ment, gradually increasing them to two, three, four, or more, as the
  patient can bear them.

  The efficacy of narcotic plants is influenced by soil,
climate, exposure, and cultivation; and the extracts by
the season when the plants are gathered, and the mode
of preparing them.  Physicians would  do well there-
fore to make themselves acquainted with the quality of
the  article they prescribe, inasmuch as there may be
a fatal difference between two parcels of different ages,
modes of preparation, &c.— Vide Journal of the Phila-
delphia College of  Pharmacy.—On Narcotic Extracts,
Vol. II.
                     Pills of Camphor.
R. Gummi camphorae, 3ss.
   Gummi Arabici,
   Alcoholis, aa. q. s.
Ut fiant pilulae xv.—Dose.—A pill every two or three hours.

                Pills of Opium, Digitalis, &/c.
R. Pulveris Opii,
   --------Digitalis, aa. gr. vj.
   Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij.
Signa.—One to be taken every four hours.   In Asthma, &c. 
NARCOTJCS.
145
            Pills of Extract of Conium and Calomel.

R. Extracti Conii, 9ij.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. xv.
Misce.—Fiant pilula? xv.—Signa.—One three times a-day.  In pseu-
  do-syphilitic affections.

                Pills of Powdered Nux Vomica.
R. Pulveris Nucis vomicae, 3ss.
   Conservae rosarum,  q. s.,  ut fiant pilulae x.
Signa.—One to be given two or  three times a-day, closely watching
  the effects.  In paralysis.


               Pills of the Resin of Nux Vomica.
R. Extracti Nucis vomicae resinosi, gr. x.
Divide in pilulas xv.—One pill twice a-day, gradually augmenting until
  tetanic effects are produced.

                      Pills of Strychnia.
R. Strychnia?, gr. ij.
   Conserva? rosarum,  q. s.,  ut fiant pilula? xxiv.
Of which one pill may be given once or twice a-day, according to the
  idiosyncrasy of the patient.

   This latter medicine is still  more powerful than  the
former two: for their mode  of preparation, manner of
exhibition, and peculiar effects, see Majendie's Formu-
lary, page  82.   It is  only necessary in  this place to
observe, that great nicety is requisite in dividing  the
mass into pills of equal strength.


                     Tincture of Strychnia.

R. Alcohol, 3j.
   Strychnia?, gr. iij.
Fiat tinctura.—This tincture to be given by drops, from six to twenty-
  four, in draughts or drinks.
        19 
146
NARCOTICS.
                   Draught of Strychnia.
R. Strychnia? puree, gr. j.
   Sacchari albi, gij.
   Acidi acetici, gtt. ij.
   Aqua? destillatae, gij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful morning and evening.

   Strychnia forms with acids a variety of salts, which
generally are very soluble, and  for this  reason  much
more active than the alkali uncombined.   These may
be resorted to when the system becomes habituated to
the action of strychnia.  The commencing dose of the
salts, should not be  greater  than that  of the alkaloid.
It should be borne in mind that this substance will be
increased by all  acid  drinks, such as  lemonade, both
in solubility and  power.—See  Majendie's Formulary,
Edit. 5, p. 12.

               MIXTURES, TINCTURES,  Sic.

                       Opiate Mixture.
 R. Pulveris Opii,  9ss.
    Sacchari albi, 3J-
    Aquae Cinnamomi, 5vj.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful may  be  taken  every  two
   hours, so that the whole be consumed in twenty-four.  In cases of
   tetanus and colica pictonum.

                       Hemlock Mixture.
 R. Succi Conii spissati, 3ss.
    Syrupi Papaveris albi, ^j.
    Aquae destillatae, gvij.
  Misce.—A table-spoonful three or four times a-day for a dose.

                Tincture of Resin of Nux Vomica.
  R. Extracti Nucis vomicae  exsiccati, gr. iij.
     Spiritus vini rectificati,  gj.
  Fiat tinctura.—This tincture to be given in doses of fifteen or twenty
    drops, in any kind of drink. 
NARCOTICS.
147
  This preparation, and the pills made of the resin of
nux vomica, have been successfully used in cases of
general and local paralysis.  Nux vomica is also ap-
plied by friction in paralytic and other nervous diseases.
The following is Majendie's formula for this purpose:

R. Tincturae nucis vomicae, ?j.
   Aquae Ammoniae (ammoniaque concentree,) 3ij-
Misce.—
Opiate Collyrium,
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. j.
   Camphora?\ gr. v.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, ?j.
Misce, et fiat collyrium.

                    Anodyne Draught.

R. Tinctura? Opii, gtt. xv vel xxv.
   Syrupi Papaveris, 3ij-
   Spiritus Cinnamomi, 3j.
   Aqua? destillatae, gise.
Misce.—Signa.—Anodyne  draught.  Laudanum is very disagreeable
  to some persons;  combined as above, the taste may be disguised.

   As  the regulation  of doses for children is, to the
young practitioner, one  of the most difficult  parts of
prescribing;  and as  laudanum  is an article  so uni-
versally employed in their diseases,  we  subjoin the
following graduated table from Dr. Dorsey's Syllabus,
1817, page 36.

   For a child at birth, or within a month after     I to  1 drop.
   Under a year old     -    -    -    -    5 to 2 or  3
   From one to two years of age  -    -    -      1 to  5
   From two to five.....2 to  8
   From five to ten.....5 to 15
   From ten to fifteen.....10 to 20
   At fifteen years.....15 to 20
   For an adult      -    -        -    -    -   25 to 30 
145
NARCOTICS.
  It is important in  the employment of  this remedy,
that it should  be a saturated tincture, and perfectly
transparent.   For these reasons it should be obtained
from the apothecary in  small quantities, as it is liable
to deposite part of the opium; hence the liquid near
the surface is weaker, and causes that in the bottom of
the phial to be very strong, if it be shaken before using.
Infants have been destroyed by the exhibition of thick
laudanum.  Physicians, therefore, should always ex-
amine the phial, if any be in the possession of a family,
before trusting the nurse to give a dose to the child.

              Solution of Acetate of Morphia.
R. Acetatis Morphia?, gr. xvj.
   Aqua? destillatae, gvj.
   Acidi acetici diluti, gij.
Misce.—The dose is from ten  to twenty drops.

               Sirup of Acetate of Morphia.
R. Acetatis Morphia?, gr, iv.
   Syrupi simplicis, ffcj.
Misce.—Signa.—Two tea-spoonsful may be taken for a dose, and
  repeated pro re nala.

  The sirup of  the sulphate of morphia may be made
in the same proportions, and  given in the same  doses.
The latter salt has  one superiority  over the former,
namely, that the  acetate when dissolved in water is
decomposed, two salts resulting, the one soluble, the
other not.   From this  objection the sulphate is ex-
empt.
  Majendie states that, by alternating these new alka-
line remedies, we  may prolong the effect without  in-
creasing the dose.   If  this observation be  correct it
is well worth remembering.—Majendie's Formulary,

              Solution of Sulphate of Morphia.
R. Morphia? sulphatis, gr. ij.
   Aqua? destillatae, gij. 
NARCOTICS.
149
Fiat solutio.—Dose.—A tea-spoonful, repeated according to circum-
  stances.  Twice that quantity is nearly equivalent to a grain of
  opium or twenty-five or thirty drops of laudanum.

   The muriate and nitrate  of morphia possess no ad-
vantages over the sulphate  and acetate.

              Solution of Cilale of Morphia.
R. Morphinae puree, gr. xvj.
   Acidi citrici crystallizati, gr. viij.
   Aqua? destillatae, gj.
   Tincturae coccinellae, q. s.
Ut fiat solutio.—Dose five to twenty drops, pro re nala.  Majendie.

   The French chemists have also discovered in opium
a principle allied in its effects to morphia, and called
Codeine.  In dose of a single grain it  proves highly
anodyne, but distresses the  stomach in larger doses.
Its salts  are  given  in somewhat smaller quantities.—
Majendie, 9vme,  Ed. p.  80.
   A preparation of opium, known as McMunris Elixir,
has been for  several years much in vogue in this coun-
try.   The  mode of preparation  is  a secret with the
proprietor; but the medicine has certainly some ad-
vantages over all others of its class.  For example,  it
rarely affects the head, and causes little or no constipa-
tion, but acts freely on the  urinary organs and  skin.
It is given in the same dose as laudanum.

                    Tincture of Lupulin.
R. Lupulina?  purae contusae, gj.
   Alcohol, gij.
Digest for six days in a close vessel.  Strain, filter, and add a suffi-
  cient quantity of alcohol to make 5iij. of the tincture. Of this from
  3ss.  to 3ij. may be  taken for  a  dose.—See Pharmacologic, art.
  Humulus.
                     Tincture of Hops.
R. Tincturae  Lupulorum, gj.
Signa.—Of this, a  tea-spoonful may be taken as a narcotic in cases
  where opium is inadmissible. 
150
NARCOTICS.
   Hops are  also  given in  the form of infusion; for
which  see tonics.   Enclosed in a  bag, they have ac-
quired  some celebrity as  a pillow.   Their  soporific
powers,  however, when  thus  employed, are  very
equivocal.

              Camphor and Hoffman's Anodyne.

R. Aquae camphorae, giv.
   Liquor Hoffmanni,  gij.
Misce.—Dose.—A dessert-spoonful every hour or two  hours.  In
  nervous affections, and the sleeplessness of fever.

                   Infusion of Camphor.
R. Camphorae gummi, gj.
   Aquae bullientis, gviij.
Pour the hot water on the gum, and allow it to stand until cold: it
  should be then kept in a well-stopped  phial.  Dose.—A  table-
  spoonful  every hour or two hours.   In febrile pervigilium and
  nervous irritability.

           Tincture of Opium and Oil of Turpentine.
R. Tinctura? Opii, ^j.
   Olei Terebinthinae,  ^ss.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful every hour, may be given in delirium
  tremens.

  The turpentine  may be added  or omitted at the dis-
cretion of the physician, and the quantity of laudanum
in some cases may be doubled.  We have given two
tea-spoonsful every hour until |ij. of laudanum were
taken, with  success.   We  do not believe in the  doc-
trine, however,  that opium in this  disease  may be
administered almost  ad libitum without danger.   On
the contrary, we are well assured that death has  been
caused  by the excessive use of this narcotic in delirium
tremens.

                 Denarcotized Laudanum.
R. Tinctura? Opii sine Narcotina. 
VARCOTICS.
151
   This preparation, now common in all our shops, was
proposed by Robiquet.  It is said to relieve  pain and
induce sleep, without  producing the ordinary sequel©
of opium or laudanum.

                         Black Drop.
R. Tinctura? Opii acetata?, 3i-
From six to eight drops of this preparation  may be given to an adult
   for a dose.  It is said to be three times the strength of laudanum,
   but has obtained celebrity from the fact, that it  equally promotes
   the ends  of laudanum  without affecting  the head and stomach.
   Where it cannot be had, it is stated by Dr.  Chapman, that by giving
   the alcoholic  tincture of opium  in vinegar, we  obtain nearly the
   same results.
                      Elixir Paregoric.
R. Tincturae Opii camphoratae.
A tea-spoonful of this may be given to an adult for a dose.  It  is prin-
   cipally employed as an expectorant.

                        Wine of Opium.
The dose of the Vinum Opii is the same as the spirituous tincture;
   though we believe it is seldom employed, except  as an external ap-
   plication to chronic inflammation of the eyes.

                     Tincture of Digitalis.
R. Tincturae Digitalis,gij.
Of which ten drops may be given at first twice or  three times a-day,
   increasing the  quantity as  the system becomes  accustomed to it.
   The  peculiar  character  of this remedy should induce  caution in
   giving it.

   For its particular applications and  effects, see Ex-
pectorants and  Diuretics.

               Infusion and Tincture of Digitalis.

    Vide Diuretics and Expectorants, 
152
NARCOTICS.
                     Infusion of Conium.
R. Foliorum Conii, 3ss.
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio et cola.—Signa.—To be applied as a wash to' cancerous
  and scirrhous ulcers.

   A cataplasm is also employed for the same purpose,
made by mixing the powdered leaves with bread and
water poultice.

              Solution of the Extract of Belladonna.
R. Extracti Belladonnae, 9j.
   Aquae destillatae, 3iij-
Fiat  solutio.—Signa.—To be applied to the eye in cases  of cataract,
  for the purpose of dilating the pupil  and exposing the lens.

   The extract of belladonna  is  occasionally  given in
doses of a grain three or four times a-day.

                    Ointment of Belladonna.
R. Extracti Belladonna?, 3ij-
   Aquae destillatae, 3ij<
    Adipis  suilli, 3ij.
Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to  the neck of the uterus in rigidity
   of that part, occasioned by disease,  or previous to delivery.  It is
   said to act on the same principle as it does in dilating the iris.  The
   application to be made for some time by means of a syringe with a
   wide mouth.                                  M. Chaussier.

                 Infusion of Hyosciamus Niger.
R Foliorum Hyosciami nigri, ^ss.
    Aquae bullientis, Oj.
 Fiat infusio.—Employed as an external application to cancerous, scro-
   fulous, and other indolent ulcers.

                   Decoction of Bitter Sweet.
 R.  Dulcamara? stipitum, gj.
     Aquae  destillatae, Ojss.
 Boil to a pint and strain. 
NARCOTICS.
153
    Dr. Chapman directs a wine-glassful to be taken fre-
  quently, and  gradually increased, until  a pint is con-
  sumed  daily,  in chronic eruptions,  &c.   The  same
  preparation is  employed as a wash.

               Decoction of Stramonium in Milk.

  R. Foliorum Stramonii, 3ij-
    Lactis recentis, Oiss.
 Boil to a pint and strain.  Apply to gouty, rheumatic, and other pain-
   ful swellings.

               Solution of Extract of Belladonna.
 R. Extracti Belladonna?, gr. iij.
    Aqua? Cinnamomi, gj.
 Fiat solutio.—Signa.—Two or three drops twice or  thrice a-day, to a
   child under a year old, and an additional drop for every additional
   year.

   Belladonna has been recently used in Germany as a
 preventive of scarlatina.   The extract, if given for se-
 veral days, produces a  scarlet eruption, and affection
 of the fauces, analogous to  those of scarlatina; and it is
 pretended that this  factitious  disease  is sufficient to
 prevent the access of the real one.

                       Opium Enema.
 R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, 5ss.
   Lactis tepifacti,  gij.
 Misce pro enemate.

                      Opium  Enema.

 R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iij vel iv.
   Axungiae Porcinae, gj.
Melt them together  with a gentle heat, and when of a proper warmth,
  inject the mixture with a small syringe.
          20 
154                    NARCOTICS.

             Solution of Opium in Lime Water, &;c.
R. Extracti Opii, gr. j.
   Aquae Calcis,
   Olei Amygdalae dulcis, aa. 3iij.
Fiat mistura.—Recommended by Dr. Sibergundi of Dorsten, in the
  treatment of sore nipples.   It is to be applied to the parts on dossils
  of lint.
                    Laudanum Enema.
R. Tincturae Thebaicae, gj.
   Infusionis Lini, 3ij«
Fiat enema.

  It is  generally observed that three times the quantity
of a remedy may be thrown into the rectum that may
be taken into the stomach.   As regards opium, how-
ever, we believe it to be too much, particularly in chil-
dren.   Indeed, it is  an unsettled point in therapeutics,
whether remedies act most powerfully upon the rectum
or the stomach.

                   Suppository of Opium.
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. ij.
   Saponis albi, gr. iv.
Misce bene.—Introduce into the rectum, when an  enema cannot be
  administered.
                    Plaster of Opium, fyc.
R. Opii puri,
   Camphorae, aa.. 3ss.
   Emplastri Lithargyri,  3u«
Melt the plaster, and having previously powdered the other articles,
  mix them gradually, stirring it.  For local pains.

                      Plaster of Opium.
R. Pulveris Opii,
   --------Camphorae,
   --------Saponis albi, aa. gj.
   Tinctura? Thebaicae, q. s.—ut fiat emplastrum. 
NARCOTICS.
155
   This  plaster is recommended by Dr. Dewees, and

is employed in the same case  as the above.  Another,
and the  most common plan,  is to spread Theriaca
Andromachi* on leather of the size required, and cover

it with powdered  opium, sprinkling a. little laudanum

to promote the adhesion of the opium.


  * The original Theriaca Andromachi is composed of sixty-one ingredients,
pulverized and rubbed up with honey into an electuary.  A preparation bearing
the same name, but used for the  same purposes, is now made in a much less
elaborate way.  The word Theriaca is, at the present day, applied to any coarse
sirup, as treacle or molasses. 
(  15fi  )
CLASS   XII.
            ANTISPASMODICS.

   Antispasmodics  are those medicines  which  allay
spasm, and compose the irregular actions of the nervous
system.   Some of the  most  powerful of  them  are de-
rived from the class of  Narcotics.

                Pills of Asafoetida and Soap.
 R. Gummi Asafcetidae, gj
   Saponis albi, gr. x.
   Aquae fontis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xx.
Two or four of these pills may be taken for a dose and repeated pro
  re nata.
   Pilula? Asafcetidae cum aloe, et
   ---------------cum Rheo,
   May be given in the  same doses as  those made with
soap only.

                       Opium Pills.

                    As under  Narcotics.

            Pills with Castor and Salt of Amber.
R. Castorei, 3j.
   Acidi Succinici, gss.
   Extracti Gentians?, q. s., ut fiant pilula? xxiv.
Dose three pills night and morning.—In hysteria. 
antispasmodics.
157
                       Calomel Pills.

                    As under Sialagogues.

                 Pills of Musk,  Camphor, fyc.
R. Moschi optimi, 9ss.
   Camphorae, 9j.
   Gummi Ammoniaci, 9ij.
   Opii purificati, gr. iv.
Misce, et fiant pilulae singulae, gr. iv.
Signa.—The dose may be  four or five in the twenty-four hours.  In
  nervous diseases.                          M. A. Richard.

             Bolus with Valerian and Rust of Iron.

R. Pulveris radicis Valerianae, gj.
   Carbonatis praecipitatis Ferri, 9ss.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, q. s., ut fiat bolus.
One three times a-day.

               Bolus with Musk and Camphor.

R. Camphorae, gr. v.
   Moschi, gr. xv.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat bolus.
Signa.—To be taken at once.

  This is  a strong dose,  but can  be readily modified
by the practitioner.
  To confine the  aroma, musk should always be kept
in phials, whether in the form of pills or otherwise.

         Bolus with Musk and Carbonate of Ammonia.

R. Moschi,
   Carbonatis Ammoniae,  aa. 9ss.
   Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiat bolus.
To be taken every third hour.

  Recommended  in  mortification accompanied  with
spasmodic action. 
158
antispasmodics.
                           Musk Mixture.
  R. Moschi  optimi, 3ij-
     Sacchari albi, 2j.
     Pulveris gummi Arabici, 3'j-
     Aquae destillatae, gvj.
  Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be given every hour or two
    hours.

                      Mixture with Musk, &;c.

 R. Mistura? Moschatae, %vj.
     Tincturae Opii camphorata?, 5ss.
     -------- Veleriana? ammoniatae, ?j.
 Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful three or four times a-day.  For chil-
    dren in pertussis.

                 Tincture of Asafoetida, Castor, fyc.

 R.  Tinctura? Asafcetidae,
    --------Castorei, aa. gss.
    Aquae Ammoniae,  rij.
 Misce.—A tea-spoonful may be taken in a glass of water for a dose.

               Hoffman's Anodyne and Laudanum.

 R. Liquoris  Anodyni Hoffmani, giij.
    Tinctura? Thebaicae, gtt. lxxx.
    Aqua? Cinnamomi, ?vj.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every one or two hours.  In
   hysteria, &c.

                   Mixture with  Asafoetida, $c.

 R. Asafoetida?, 3j.
    Aqua? Mentha? piperita?, 5iss.
Fiat solutio, et adde—
    Tinctura?  Valeriana? ammoniata?, 3ij.
    --------Castorei, 3iij.
    iEtheris sulphurici, 3j.
Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every second hour.  In hysteria. 
antispasmodics.
159
                     Infusion of Valerian.

R. Valerianae radicis, gj.
   Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Put them into a covered vessel and let them stand until cold.—Dose
  a wine-glass full every two or three hours.


          Tincture of Valerian and  Hoffman's Anodyne.

R. Liquoris Hoffmani Anodyni,
   Tinctura? Valerianae, aa. ?i.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata, shaking the
  phial each time.

              Mixture with Ether and Laudanum.

R. ^Etheris Sulphurici, gij.
   Sacchari albi,
    Gummi Acacia?, aa. 3iss.
   Tincturae Thebaicae, gtt. lx.
   Aquae Cinnamomi, gij.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful every hour.  In cramp of the sto-
  mach, &c.

                  Solution of Boracic Acid, fyc»

R.  Syrupi simplicis, gj.
    Acidi boracici, 3j.
    Infusionis Tilia? vel foeniculi, giv.
Misce.—Signa.—A small table-spoonful three or four times a-day.

   The above is employed by the  French physicians in
cerebral affections.                               Ratier.

                        Asafcetidae.  Enema.

R. Asafcetidae, 3ij.
    Decocti Avenae, gx. vel Sxij.
Misce pro enemate.—Tine. Opii may be added pro  re nata.  In hys-
   teria, spasmodic colic, &c. 
160
ANTISPASMODICS.
                          Musk Clyster.
R.  Moschi, gr. xij.
    Sacchari purificati, 9ij.
    Gummi Acacia? contriti, 9jss.
    Alcoholis ammoniati, gtt. xxx.
    Infusionis Lini, 5iv.
Fiat enema.—For children seized with convulsions.

                     Confection of Opium, Sj-c.
R.  Confectionis Opii, 3vj.
    Tincturae Camphorae, 3x.
    Aceti destillati, 5ij.
Misce.—To be applied as a plaster warm to the region of the stomach.
  In vomitings, &c.
                          Opiate Plaster.
                       As under Narcotics.

                        Hemlock Plaster.
                       As under Narcotics.

                         Tobacco Clyster.
                      As under Cathartics. 
(  161   )
CLASS  XIII.
              SIALAGOGUES.

  Those medicines which increase  the salivary secre-
tion are denominated Sialagogues.   In forming  these
into a class in this  place,  we trespass somewhat  upon
the arrangement of Dr. Chapman, but merely from  a
motive of convenience; for we agree with  him that
such a class is  better expunged from the Materia Me-
dica, at  the same  time that it appeared necessary to
introduce it here, in  order to place the  mercurial pre-
parations in stronger relief than could otherwise be
done.

                     Pills of Calomel.
R. Hydrargyri Chloridi mitis, gr. xij.
   Conserva? rosarum, q. s., fiant pilula? xij.
Signa.—One morning and evening,  and if necessary until salivation  is
  excited.

                Pills of Corrosive Sublimate.
R. Chloridi corrosivi Hydrargyri,
   ------- Ammoniae, aa. gr. v.
   Aquae destillatae, gtt. xxx vel xl.
   Conservae  rosarum, gj.
   Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xl.
Of which, give one pill three or four times a-day.  In lues venerea.
        21 
162
SIALAGOGUES.
                Dupuytren's Antisyphililic Pills.
 R. Deuto-chloridi hydrargyri, gr. ss.
    Extracti cinchona?, gr. x.
    ------- Opii, gr. ss.
    Pulveris cinchona?, q.  s.
 Ut fiant pilulae ij.—The  two pills may be taken, one in the morning
   and the other at night; but as each contains a quarter of a grain of
   sublimate, their action must  be closely watched.  M.  Dupuytren
   was partial to these pills in the treatment of Syphilis.  He thought
   the opium and cinchona promoted and beneficially modified the ac-
   tion of the sublimate.

          Pills with Corrosive Sublimate and Hemlock.
 R. Chloridi corrosivi Hydrargyri, gr. vj
 Solvanturin—
   Aqua destillata, q. s. et adde—
   Succi Conii spissati, 3j. cum
   Pulvere Conii, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xlviij dividenda.

   These pills contain the same quantity of mercury as
the former, and may be given in the same number, and
for the same purpose.

                 Pills of Acetate of Mercury.
R. Acetatis Hydrargyri,
   Manna? optima?,
   Pulveris Acacia?, aa. 9j.
   Aquae rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae, xx.
Of which let three be taken every night, till a gentle salivation is ex-
  cited.

   This preparation is said to be the mildest of the mer-
curial salts, and is less apt  to disturb the bowels; but
it is believed to be less efficacious in arresting the ve-
nereal disease.
   The effect of the  mercurial preparations upon chil-
dren is sometimes very  serious, and  even  fatal.   So
powerful upon them is the action of this medicine, that
a profuse,  or  even  gentle salivation, will  sometimes 
SIALAGOGUES.
163
produce  mortification  and  destruction  to  the  jaw,
cheek,  and lip.   This, however, does not often  hap-
pen, but is such a shocking  occurrence, that the gums
should be frequently and carefully examined whilst they
are taking mercury.   It is, nevertheless, a fact, that a
disease precisely similar in all its features occasionally
attacks children who are badly clothed and fed, though
no mercury has been given  to them.

                Solution of Cyanide of Mercury.
R.  Hydrargyri cyanidi, gr. viij.
    Aqua? destillatae, fly.
Fiat solutio.—This  is the  Liqueur Anti-Syphilitique of Chaussier,
  who prefers  it to corrosive  sublimate on account of its greater
  solubility and more speedy action.  By giving a tea-spoonful  of the
  solution we give one-eighth of a grain of the cyanide, which may
  be repeated morning, noon and night, watching its effects.

                   Pills of Iodide of Mercury.
R.  Iodidi hydrargyri, gr. v.
    Confectionis rosae, q. s.
    Ut fiant pilulae, xxx.
Each pill will contain the sixth of a grain, which may be given three
  times a-day.  Double the quantity (two pills) is sometimes  admi-
  nistered at first, but care should be taken not to push it too far.

           Compound Pills of Proto-Iodide of Mercitry.
R.  Proto-iodidi Hydrargyri, gr.  iij.
    Extracti Opii, gr. ij.
   Lactucarii, gr. xij.
   Extracti guiaci, gr. xxiv.
Misce, et fiant pilulae, xxiv.—Given by M. Ricord in  the syphilis of
  children.   He directs one pill for a child six months old, and two,
  three, or  four pills for  older children.
                                Dunglison, New Rem. p. 280.

               Pills of Proto-Iodide of Mercury.
R. Proto-iodidi Hydrargyri, gr. j.
   Extracti Juniperi, gr. xij.
   Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, q. s. 
164                  SIALAGOGUES.

Ut fiant pilulae, viij.—In  adult patients  Majendie directs  two to be
  given morning and evening, to be increased to three or four.
                                     Dunglison, ut supra.

              Pills with  Calomel, Camphor, fyc.
R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis,
   Camphorae, aa. 3j.
   Pulveris Opii, gr. xij.
   Syrupi simplicis, q.  s.—ut fiant pilula? xx.
Signa.—One or two to  be taken morning, noon and night.  In cases
  where calomel by itself causes purging.

                   Blue Mercurial Pills.
R. Massa? ex Hydrargyro, 9iss.
Divide in pilulas, xij.
Signa.—One may be taken  three  or four  times a-day, according to
  circumstances.

  If they should produce any effect upon the bowels,
not desired, Pulv. Opii. gr.  ss.  may be added.   The
mass directed  in  the  American  Pharmacopoeia con-
tains one grain of mercury in every two and  a half
grains.   One  grain  is contained in four of  the Edin-
burgh—and in three of the London and Dublin.

       Powder of Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha.
R. Hydrargyri cum creta, 9j.
   Pulveris Ipecacuanhae, 9ss.
Misce.—Fiant chartulae, vj.
Signa.—One night and morning in sirup,

  Recommended by Dr. Paris, in those cases of dys-
pepsia in which the  biliary secretion is impaired.   He
prefers it under these circumstances to  every  other
form of mercury.

          Compound Powder of Sulphate of Mercury.
R. Hydrargyri flavi sulphatis, gr. j.
   Pulveris Asari, 3iss.
Misce et divide in chartulas,  viij. 
SIALAGOGUES.
165
Signa.—One  of  these may be  used as  an Errhine, morning  and
  evening.   In  Gutta  Serena,  Ozoena,  and  after the  removal of
  Polypi.

               Pills of the Red Oxide of Mercury.

R. Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. iij.
   Pulveris Opii, gr. j.
   Olei Caryophilli, gtt. ij.
Fiant pilula? iij.—Signa.—One pill every night for a week.  In vene-
  real cases.

   This preparation  was formerly used  by  the  cele-
brated J.  Hunter;  but from its  harshness it is now
generally superseded by others.


               Mixture with Muriate of Mercury.

R. Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij.
   Aquae destillatae, 5vj.
   Spiritus Cinnamomi,
   Syrupi simplicis, aa. ^j.
Misce.—Dose.—One or two  large spoonsful, twice or thrice a-day.
  In venereal cases.

                       Mercurial Solution.

R. Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. xvj.
   Alcoholis, gss.
   Aquae destillatae, Oj.
Misce.—This is the celebrated Liquor of Van Swieten, who directs
  half an ounce of it to be taken morning and  evening, in milk, solu-
  tion of gum or sirup.  Its use requires  caution.   In venereal affec-
  tions.

            Spirituous Solution of Corrosive  Sublimate.

R.  Chloridi corrosivi Hydrargyri, gr. ij.
   Spiritus vini tenuoris, giv.
Solve.—Of which a table-spoonful, night  and  morning, may be taken
  in a draught of decoction of Sarsaparilla. 
166
SIALAGOGUES.
   The muriate of mercury is decidedly preferred by
 some physicians in the  treatment of syphilis.   John
 Hunter was of opinion, however, that the disease was
 more liable to recur, after its use, than when some of
 the other preparations had been employed.

                 Strong Mercurial Ointment.
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri fortis, gj.
 One drachm of this ointment  to be rubbed on the inside of the thighs,
   before the fire, every night.

   It is by some physicians recommended to employ
 the warm bath before using this ointment, while others
 consider it useless.   We think the  practice may oc-
 casionally  be  beneficial.   The hands of the person
 rubbing it on, if it be  an attendant,  should  be  enve-
 loped in a bladder, or gloves made of oiled silk.

          Strong Mercurial Ointment with Camphor.
 R. Unguenti Hydrargyri fortis, gj.
   Camphorae, gj.
 Misce.—To be employed as the former.

               Masticatory with Pellitory, fyc.
R. Pulveris Radicis Pyrethri,
   Resina? Mastichi, aa. gj.
Let these be dissolved together by a moderate application of heat: then
  divide the mass into two equal parts. One of these lumps may be
  chewed at pleasure.  In toothach and  paralytic  affections of the
  tongue.
              Mixture of Pellitory, Opium, fyc.
R. Radicis Pyrethri contusae, gss.
   Aceti destillati, gvj.
   Gummi Opii, gr. iij.
Digest in a sand bath for an hour.—Signa.—A  spoonful to be held in
  the mouth and frequently renewed.   Used in the same  cases as the
  former.

   There are several other substances, such as polygala
senega,  nitric  acid,  &c,  which  occasionally  excite 
SIALAGOGUES.
167
salivation;  but  as this  is simply one  effect of these
remedies,  and  one  of  little  consequence,  they  are
treated of under more appropriate heads.

                       Mercurial Lotion.

R. Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, 3j.
   Aqua? destillatae, 3vj.
Solve et adde—
   Muriatis ammoniae, 3ij.
   Potassa? nitratis, gss.
Fiat lotio.—Principally used as a wash in itch.
                                Good's Study of Med. vol. iv.

                      Antacrid Tincture.

R. Guaiaci pulveris, 3j-
   Balsami Canadensis, 3j«
   Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, 9j.
   Olei Sassafragis, 3ij.
   Spiritus Vini Rectificati, 3viij.
Dissolve the Corrosive Sublimate in one-half the spirit, and then add
  to it  the other ingredients.—Signa.—Of this from ten to twenty
  drops may be taken morning and evening, in wine or water.

   This  form of  exhibiting corrosive  sublimate is of
ancient  date;  and  has  been  lately employed by Dr.
Emerson  and  other practitioners of this place in lues
venerea, &c.
                      Antacrid Ointment.
R. Hydrargyri Oxidi rubri, gss.
   —--------Chloridi corrosivi, gij.
   Acetatis Plumbi, gj.
   Cerae Alba?, 3iv.
   Olei olivarum, gvj.
   Olei Bergamotta gtt. xx.
Rub the two mercurial preparations with water to an impalpable pow-
  der__then dry them, and add the acetate of lead.  Melt the oil and
  wax together, and add the other ingredients  gradually—stirring the
  mixture. 
168
SIALAGOGUES.
  This ointment has some celebrity in the cure of tet-
ter, and some other obstinate cutaneous diseases.

               Ointment of Red Precipitate, #c.

R. Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. x.
   Sulphatis Zinci, 9j.
   Axungiae purificata?, gij.
Fiat unguentum.

  Recommended by Professor Dupuytren in obstinate
chronic ophthalmia  depending on a scrofulous dia-
thesis.
                   Anti-herpetic Ointment.
R. Sulphatis Hydrargyri flavae, 3j.
   Tinctura? Opii, gj.
   Sulphuris sublimati,  gss.
   Axungiae, gj.
Fiat unguentum.—This  has been successfully used  in herpes, alter-
  nated with the  simple  water bath by M. Cullerier.

             Ointment of Deulo-ioduret of Mercury.
R. Deuto-iodureti Hydrargyri, gr. xv.
   Adipis preparatae, gij.
   Olei limonis,  gtt. xx.
Fiat unguentum.

  This ointment has been found highly efficacious in
syphilitic tubercles, or chronic ulceration of a syphili-
tic character, but its great activity requires  close  at-
tention.   The following  formula, which  is much less
active, may be employed with less  inconvenience.

R. Proto-iodureti Hydrargyri, 3ss.
   Adipis praeparatae, 3iss.
   Olei, gtt. xv.
Fiat unguentum.—Syphilitic ulcerations which have resisted a variety
  of remedies, have cicatrized rapidly under the use of this ointment.
                                                  Ratier. 
                        SIALAGOGUES.                     169


               Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury.
R.  Cyanureti Hydrargyri, gr. xvj.
   Adipis praeparatae, 3j-
   Essentia; citri medicae, gtt. xv.
Fiat unguentum.—Used in Herpes, attended by intense inflammation
  and itching.
22 
(  170   )
CLASS  XIV.
                   TONICS.

  Those medicines are considered Tonics which  im-
part strength to the system, without subjecting it to any
preternatural excitement during their operation. They
stimulate, however, in a secondary manner, by gradu-
ally increasing the force of the circulation, and by re-
storing the digestive and secretory functions to a more
healthy state.   Considerable perseverance is often ne-
cessary in giving any one of this class a fair trial; and
when one  fails, we may often resort with success to
another: much also may sometimes be gained by alter-
nating them.

                   POWDERS, &c.

                Powder of Peruvian Bark.

R. Pulveris Cinchona? optima?.
A drachm or a tea-spoonful to be taken every hour in port-wine, wa-
  ter, or milk, during the intermission of fever and ague.

  It is directed  by some practitioners to suspend  the
bark till within a few hours of the expected paroxysm;
and by a few others  to administer  it  during the  hot
stage of the disease.  We  have generally found it to
be the most successful plan to commence immediately
after the paroxysm has  ended, and give every hour  a 
TONICS.
171
dose  of the remedy, until  the expected  period of its
return; and if the chill does not  recur, to  continue it
in smaller quantities for several days.

            Powder of Peruvian Bark  and Cloves.
R. Pulveris Cinchona?,
   Super-tartratis Potassa?, aa, 3j.
   Pulveris Caryophilli, 3j.
Misce.—Dose.—A drachm and a half every second hour.

   This compound will sometimes succeed when  the
bark alone fails.

      Powder of Peruvian Bark and Sulphate of Magnesia.
R. Pulveris Cinchona?,
   Sulphatis Magnesiae, aa. 3vj.
Fiat pulvis, et divide in partes  aequales iv.—One to be taken every
  two hours, where purging is required.

          Powder of Peruvian Bark, Snake Root, <$c.
R. Pulveris Cinchona?, 3ss.
   --------Serpentariae, 3j.
   Sodae Bi-carbonatis, gr. xl.
Misce.—Divide in chartulas iv.—Signa.—One to be given every two
  hours.  In obstinate intermittents.

   If  the bark should purge when given alone, a little
opium may be added :  when it oppresses the stomach,
cloves, as  in a  former prescription.    If  costiveness
should follow, rhubarb, or  sulphate of  magnesia may
be used.   The alkali in the above preparation will cor-
rect acidity.

                 Powder of Augustura Bark.
R. Pulveris Cusparia? febrifuga?, 3ss.
Divide in chartulas vj.—Of which one may be taken three or four times
  a-day, in water or any other vehicle. 
 172                      TONICS.

   This remedy, we learn, has been  successfully em-
 ployed in uterine hemorrhage.

                 Powder of carbonate of Iron.
 R. Pulveris carbonatis Ferri  praecipitati, gj.
 Divide in chartulas iv.—Signa.—One every six hours in molasses.  In
   Chorea, Neuralgia, &c.

   The above  remedy,  we are  told, has  been  success-
 fully  used  in  these  very  painful  affections,  both  in
 England and  America.   The  dose is  sometimes car-
 ried as far  as 3ss. every four or six  hours, after anti-
 phlogistic treatment, if the latter be required.

               Powder of Colombo,  Ginger, $c.
 R. Pulveris Colombae,
   --------Carbonatis Ferri  praecipitati,
   --------Rhei,
   --------Zingiberis, aa. 3j.
Misce.—Fiant doses xij.—One to be taken three times a-day, in mo-
  lasses.
           Powder of Colomba and Tartrate of Iron.
 R.  Tartratis Ferri, 9ij.
   Pulveris Colombae, 3j.
Fiant pulveres iv.—Signa.—One every three or four hours, in sirup.  !

                Powder with Rust of Iron,  fyc.
 R.  Sulphatis Ferri, 9ij.
   Carbonatis Ferri praecipitatis, 3iss.
Divide in pulveres xij.—Signa.—One to be taken morning, noon and
  night, in sirup or molasses.

                Pilts of Cinchona and Camphor.
 R. Extracti cinchona?, 3j.
   --------Opii, gr. j.
   Gummi camphorae, gr. xij.
   Pulveris cinchonae, q. s,
 Ut fiant filula? xij.—One to be taken three or four times a-day.
                                                   Ratier. 
TONICS.
173
          Powder of Prussiate of Iron and Guaiacum.
 R.  Ferrocyanatis Ferri,
    Pulveris Guaiaci, aa. 3j-
 Misce et divide in chartulas xij.—Signa.—One three times a-day.

   This prescription has been successfully employed in
 obstinate intermittents.

                Pills of Extract of Burk, &/c»
 R.  Extracti Cinchona?,
   --------Gentianae, aa. 3j.
    Sulphatis Ferri, 3ss.
    Pulveris Myrrhae, 3y
    Olei Carui, gtt. x.
    Syrupi Zingiberis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae lx.
 Signa.—Three to be taken three times a-day.

               Pills of Sulphate of Quinia, &/c.
 R.  Sulphatis Quiniae, gr. x.
    Conservae Rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilula? x.
 Signa.—One to be given every hour in the apyrexia of intermittent
  fever.

   There  is  also another principle obtained from  the
 cinchona lancifolia, or pale bark, which possesses very
 nearly the same powers as the first.   This is called
 Cinchonia.  These preparations produce all the effects
 of  the Peruvian bark, and  have  now almost entirely
 superseded  it.  The  sulphate  of quinia  affects  the
 chest of the consumptive patient with tightness in an
 equal  degree with the bark; and we have several times
 observed  it to produce a soreness of the mouth exactly
 resembling that resulting from  mercury.   The obser-
 vations of some of our friends have confirmed this fact.
  A substance has lately been  discovered in the bark
of the willow, (Salix helix,) which is  proved not to be
alkaline, but which answers all the purposes of quinia
in the cure of intermittent fevers.   It is called salicine, 
174
TONICS.
and has been used both in  France and  Italy.— Vide
Journal of the Philadelphia  College of Pharmacy, Vol.
II. No. 3.

                      Pills of Salicine.
R. Salicinae, gr. xxiv.
   Mucilaginis, q. s.
Ut fiant pilula? viij.—A pill  to be taken three  or four  times a-day.
  Salicine is obtained from willow bark (salix helix.)  It has been
  chiefly used in intermittent fever, and produces effects very similar
  to those of Quinia.

                Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper.
R.  Cupri ammoniati, 9j.
   Conserva? rosarum, q.  s., ut fiant pilulae xxx.
Signa.—One or two to be taken at bed-time.   In Epilepsy.

     Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Carbonate of Ammonia.
R.  Sulphatis Quinia?, gr. xij.
   Carbonatis Ammoniae, gr. xxiv.
Misce.—Fiant  pilulae vj.—Signa.—One  every hour, beginning six
  hours before the expected paroxysm.

   These  pills are large, but we  have succeeded with
them  when  quinia  alone and  in  smaller  doses had
proved unavailing.   They may also  be  combined  ad-
vantageously with the oil  of black  pepper,  or other
essential  oils, in cases of irritable stomach.

                      Febrifuge  Boluses.
R. Pulveris Cinchona?, gj.
    Muriatis Ammoniae,
    Carbonatis Ammoniae, aa. gr. xij.
    Tartratis Antimonii, gr. xviij.
    Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa et divide in bolos xlviij.
Signa.—One  to  be  taken four  times a-day, during the apyrexia of
   fever-                                         Hotel Dieu. 
TONICS.
175
                       Pills of Pipcrina
R.  Piperina? puree, gr. xij.
    Extracti Gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulas xij.
Signa.—One every hour during the apyrexia of fever.

   This is one  of the  new  remedies lately  introduced
into  practice.   It  is  prepared  from  the  black  pep-
per,  and  is  said  to  possess  considerable  febrifuge
powers.  It sometimes  vomits,  purges, or  produces
diaphoresis; and  therefore  requires caution  in its ad-
ministration.   It may be given in mixture, if preferred.

                      Pills of Arsenic, &;c.
R.  Acidi arseniosi, gr. ij.
    Pulveris Opii, gr. iij.
    Saponis venetae, gr. viij.
    Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas xx dividenda.
Signa.—One four  times  a-day, increased gradually according to cir-
  cumstances.  In intermittent fever and local diseases of an intermit-
  tent character.                                   Dr. Meigs.

               Pills with the Sulphate of Copper.
R.  Sulphatis Cupri, gr. iv.
    Extracti Cinchona?, gr. xxxij.
    Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas xvj dividenda.
One to be taken four times a-day.  In obstinate intermittents.

                 Pills of the  Oxide of Bismuth.
R.  Sub-nitratis vel oxidi Bismuthi,gj.
    Mucilaginis gummi Acacia?, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxx.
Signa.—One to be taken every two hours.  In dyspepsia.

           Pills of Muriate of Ammonia, Arsenic, fyc.
R.  Muriatis Ammoniae,  3ss.
    Pulveris Opii, gr. viij.
    Acidi arseniosi, gr. vj.
    Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xxxij.
Of which one may be given  three times a-day.  In intermittent fever. 
176                     TONICS

  These  pills  are  strongly  recommended  by  some
practitioners.   Great care  is requisite in  preparing
them.
                Pills of Ammoniated Iron, &;c.
R. Ammoniati Ferri, 9j.
   Pulveris Rhei, gr. viij.
   Conservae rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa in pilulas v dividenda.

  This remedy  is recommended  in  Rachitis, and is
to be continued with  one  pill a-day for  a  fortnight,
and then intermitted for the same length  of time and
again resumed.  The  intention of this direction ap-
pears to be to prevent the system  from becoming ha-
bituated to the medicine.

                   Pills  of Oxide of Zinc.
R. Oxidi Zinci, gij.
   Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae x.
Signa.—One three or four times a-day.  In epilepsy, chorea, &c.

   Dr. Chapman speaks favourably of this  medicine,
and  recommends  to begin with  the  above dose, and
gradually to  increase it.

                    Pills of Steel Filings.
R. Limatura? Ferri, gr. xvj.
   Extracti Gentianae, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas vj.
Signa.—One three times a-day, followed by a draught of some bitter
  infusion.
               Pills of the Extract of Quassia.
R.  Extracti Quassia? mollis, 3j-
    Pulvaris Gentianae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xx.
 Of which one may be taken three or four times a-day, succeeded by a
   wine-glassful of the infusion of quassia.

   This is one of the purest bitters, and where we wish
 the effect  of this class only, we  cannot select  a more
 appropriate  preparation. 
TONICS.
177
                   Pills of Nitrate of Silver, Sj-c.
  R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. iij.
     Pulveris Opii, 3ss.
     ------- Camphorae,
     ------- Nucis  moschatae, aa. 9j.
     Mucilaginis Acacia?, q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas xlv.
  Dose.—One morning and evening.  In chorea and epilepsy.

                    Pills of the Sulphate of Iron.
  R. Sulphatis Ferri, 3J-
     Extracti Gentianae,  q. s., ut fiat massa.—Divide in pilulas, xxx.
  One to be taken morning, noon and night.  In dyspepsia.

                     Pills of Nitrate of Silver.
  R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. iij.
     Mica? panis, gss.
     Aquae fontanae, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij.
 Signa.—One to be taken night and morning, gradually increasing them
   as the case may demand.   The nitrate of silver should first be dis-
   solved in a little water,  and the crumbs of bread afterwards added;
   and a glass  mortar  should always  be employed to compound
   them in.
            Electuary of Cinchona, Rust of Iron, 8fc.
 R. Pulveris Cinchona? optima?,
     ------- Carbonatis Ferri, aa. gj.
    Balsami Copaiva?, q. s., ut fiat electuarium.
 To be made (by the  patient) into pills of the ordinary size.  Of which
   four may be taken three times a-day.

                Pills of the Nitro-Muriate of Gold.
 R. Nitro-muriatis Auri,  gr. v.
    Pulveris Glycyrrhizae, giss.
    Mucilaginis Acaciae, q. s., ut fiat massa,  in  pilulas  lxxv. divi-
      denda.
Signa.—One or two thrice a-day.  In syphilis,  &c.

   This metal is placed under the head of tonics by
Dr. Chapman, and we  have  followed  his  example.
Although once much extolled,  it is now seldom used.
        23 
178
TONICS.
      Pills of Ammoniuret of Copper and Extract of Quassia.
R.  Cupri Ammoniati, gss.
    Extracti Quassia? mollis, 3iss.
Misce, et divide in pilulas xxx.—Of which  one may be  taken three
  times a-day.   In nervous diseases.


                        MIXTURES, &c.

                    Griffth's Myrrh Mixture.
R.  Gummi Myrrha?, 3j.
    Sulphatis Ferri, 9j.
    Carbonatis Potassae, 3J.
    Sacchari Purificati, 3ij.
    Aquae destillatae, gvj.
Fiat mistura.—Dose.—A table-spoonful  according to circumstances.
  Employed as a tonic in phthisis.

                  Mixture of Sulphuric Acid, Src.
R.  Sulphatis Ferri, gr. ij.
    Acidi sulphurici, gtt. x.
    Sacchari albi, 3j«
    Aquae destillatae, gj.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, to be repeated every two,
  three,  or four hours.   Designed for children.

             Vinous Infusion of Carbonate of Iron, 8fc.
R.  Carbonatis Ferri Praecipitatis, 3iss.
    Pulveris radicis Gentianae,
    Corticis Aurantii contusae, aa. iiss.
    Vini  Lusitanici rubri, Oij.
Macerate for two or three days, and give a wine-glassful two or three
  times a-day.   In dyspepsia arising from intemperance.

      Mixture with Tincture of Bark and Citrate of Potash.
R.  Succi Limonis recentis, gjss.
    Carbonatis Potassae, 3j.
    Tincturae Cinchona?,  gj.
    Aquae Cinnamomi, giij. 
                            TONICS.                      179

 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours. In cases in which
   it is desirable to promote insensible perspiration whilst taking the
   bark.

                 Infusion of Sage and Boneset.
 R. Saliva? officinalis,
    Eupatorii perfoliati, aa. gss.
    Corticis Cascarillae, gj.
 Misce.—Infuse in three half-pints of water until cold.   Dose.—A
   wine-glassful every three or four hours.  In Hectic Fever

                     Decoction of Cinchona.
 R. Corticis Cinchona? contusae, 3j.
    Aqua? frigidae, Oj.
 Boil for ten minutes—and while hot add—
    Surpentariae radicis, 3ss.
    Corticis Aurantii contusae, 3ij.
 And suffer them  to infuse for half an hour  near the fire in a covered
   vessel.—Dose.—A wine-glassful every hour.

   If  the bark  be   boiled  longer than ten  minutes, it
 deposites  extractive  and   resinous matter,  becomes
 paler, and  is  less  efficient.   The  last ingredients are
 directed to be  infused because their aromatic proper-
 ties would  be dissipated by decoction.

                     Decoction of Bark, fyc.
 R. Decocti Cinchona?, 3vj.
   Tincturae  Cinchona? Huxhami, 3j.
    Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xl.
 Misce.—A table-spoonful may be taken every one or two hours pro re
  nata.

   By  this  preparation  we  obtain  the  extract, both
aqueous and alcoholic, of the bark.

                 Sulphate of Quinia in Sirup.
R. Sulphatis  Quinia?, gr. xv.
   Acidi sulphurici, gtt. vj.
   Surupi Zingibe   vel Limonis, 3ij. 
180
TONICS.
Misce.—Signa.—A large tea-spoonful may be given every hour during
  the apyrexia.

   The French physicians employ a wine and tincture
of quinia, which, however, are not superior to the com-
pound used  in this country.  Both  in  Europe and
America, and especially in Italy, the dose is carried to
a much greater amount than we have directed.   Eight,
ten, fifteen, twenty, and thirty grains have been given
by the Italians without danger and with success.  Such
doses  many  persons  cannot bear, and generally  the
cure can be accomplished with sixteen grains in twenty-
four hours.

              Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia.
R. Sulphatis Quinia?, gr. xvi.
   Acidi sulphurici, gtt. v.
   Sacchari albi, 3j.
Aqua? Cinnamomi, gijss.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful  for a dose, every hour during the
  apyrexia of intermittents.

   By  the addition of  sulphuric acid, a super-sulphate
of quinia is formed, which is soluble in  the aqueous
menstruum.
                    Tincture of Quinia.
R. Quininae, 9j.
   Alcohol, 3ss.
Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—Ten to twenty drops every hour.

                   Ferrocyanale of Quinia.

R. Ferrocyanitis quinia?, gr. iv.
   Spiritus rectificati, 5J«
Solve et adde—
   Aquae camphorae, 3vij.
Misce.—This preparation is said to be more active than the sulphate,
  whence it should be given in less doses:  a tea-spoonful of the solu-
   tion (which will contain half a grain of the salt) may be taken every 
                          TONICS.                     181

  hour or two hours, according to circumstances.*  Pills of the Fer-
  rocyanate of Quinia are prepared with simple mucilage, and admi-
  nistered like the sulphate.

  The acetate, citrate, muriate and  nitrate of Quinia,
have also been employed in Europe, and  occasionally
in this country.   They possess no advantages over the
ordinary preparations, and are given in much the same
quantity.
                    Sirup of Cinchonine.
R.  Sulphatis Cinchoninae, gr. xxiv.
    Syrupi simplicis, Oss.
Fiat mistura.—A table-spoonful will contain nearly a grain and a-half
  of the salt, which is a  full dose; to be repeated pro re nata.

   Cinchonine is also and more readily administered in
pills of a  grain or  two grains each.   In  intermittent
fevers.
            Mixture of Red Bark in Port Wine, fyc.
R.  Pulveris Cinchona? oblongifoliee, 5ss.
    Theriaca? Andromachi, 3j-
    Succi limonis, 31J.
    Vini Lusitaniae, 3iv.
Misce.—Signa.—A wine-glassful every second hour  during the apy-
  rexia.

   We find this prescription strongly recommended in
the JY.  A. Medical and Surgical Journal, by Dr. Meigs,
in  intermittent fever.

        Mixture with Decoction and Tincture of Bark, fyc.
R.  Decocti Cinchona?, 5iij.
    Tinctura? Huxhami, ^j.
    Pulveris Cinchona?, 3ij.
    Syrupi simplicis, 3ss.
Fiat mistura.—A table-spoonful to be taken every one or two hours
  during the absence of fever.

               * Vide Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 408 
182
TONICS.
               Mixture with Extract of Bark, $c.
R.  Extracti Cinchona?, 3j-
    Decocti Cinchona?, gvj.
    Tincturae Cardamomi, giv.
Misce.—A table-spoonful for a dose, as above directed.

               Tincture of Cinchona, Valerian, &/c.
R.  Tinctura? Cinchona?,
    --------Valerianae, aa. ^j.
    -------- Cardamomi, zij.
    Aquae  menthae, 5iv.
Fiat mistura.—Of this  mixture a table-spoonful may be given every
  third  hour.   This preparation is  especially designed as a tonic in
  nervous temperaments.

                Mixture of Fowler's  Solution, §c.

 R. Liquoris potassae arsenitis,  gtt. lx.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt xxx.
    Spiritus Lavendula? compositi, gj.
    Aqua? Cinnamomi, giij.                          m
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for an adult, a tea-spoonful
  for a child; to be administered every two hours, during the apyrexia
  of intermittents.

                       Arsenical Mixture.

R.  Liquoris arsenicalis, gtt. x.
    Aqua? destillatae,  5j.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt. x.
    Spiritus lavendula? compositi, 3ss.
To be taken at a dose.

   This mixture is recommended  by Dr. Graves, when
the simple arsenical solution irritates the stomach.

                 Acidulated Tincture of Gentian.
R.  Tinctura? Gentianae compositae, gj.
    Acidi sulphurici aromatici,  3j. 
                           TONICS.                        183

Misce.—A small tea-spoonful may be taken in sugar and water, three
  or four times a-day.  In dyspepsia.

                        Tincture of Bark.
R.  Tincturae Cinchonae compositae, gj.
Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, every two hours.

            In the same doses as the above may be taken.
    Tinctura Colombae—et
    Tinctura Gentianae composita.

                    Muriated Tincture of Iron.
R.  Tinctura? Ferri muriatis, 3j-
From twenty to sixty or eighty drops may be taken in a glass of  cold
  chamomile tea, twice or thrice a-day.

                 Infusion of Colomba and Ginger.
R.  Radicis Colomba? contusae, gj.
    ------Zingiberis, 3ij.
    Aquae bullientis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.—Give of the strained liquor, (cold,) a wine-glassful every
  two hours.

   This infusion, when freely used, has proved success-
ful in  chronic diarrhoea.

                Infusion of Colomba, Rhubarb, §-c.
R.  Seminum Carui contusorum,
    Radicis Colombae,
    ------Rhei, aa. 9J.
    Aqua? ferventis, gviij.
Digest for two hours, and strain.
R.  Liquoris colati, giijss.
    Tincturae Rhei, 3j.
    Syrupi Zingiberis, 3ij.
Misce.—Dose.—A tea-spoonful to a  table-spoonful for children, ac-
  cording to their age.   In Diarrhoea. 
  184                       TONICS.

         Mixture of Sulphate of Iron and Elixir of Vitriol.
  R.  Ferri sulphatis, gr. iv.
     Acidi sulphurici aromatici, gtt. xl.
     Aquae destillatae, gj.
  Fiat mistura, et signa.—A tea-spoonful to be taken three times a-day
   in half a wine-glass of water.

                        Vinegar Draught.
 R.  Acidi acetici, gj.
    Tinctura? cardamomi composita?, gss.
    Syrupi simplicis, 3ss.
    Aquae, 3x.
 Misce.—To be taken  every twenty minutes as a draught.  Advised
   by Dr. Howard, of London, in sick headach.

                         Acorn Coffee.
 R. Pulveris Glandis torrefactae, 3j.
    Aquae bullientis, Oj.
 Fiat infusio.—Three or four tea-cupsful may be taken during the day,
   and augmented according to circumstances.

   The above is a very favourite remedy with the  Ger-
 mans.   " It is one  of the most successful in mesenteric
 atrophy,  commencing  rachitis,  glandular  swellings,
 asthma, and cough.  Continued for  a  long time,  it is
 one of the most  powerful means  we  possess,  for de-
 stroying the scrofulous disposition."—Hufeland's Trea-
 tise, p. 215.

                      Infusion of Quassia.
 R. Ligni Quassia?,
   Radicis  Serpentariae,
   Corticis Aurantii contusae, aa..  5ss.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oij.
Fiat infusio  et cola.—Of which a  tea-cupful may be taken cold, three
  times a-day.

               Decoction of Bark and Valerian.
R. Corticis  Cinchona? contusae, ?j.
Boil in a pint of water for ten minutes, and strain. 
                          TONICS.                      185

 R. Radicis Valerianae contusae, gj.
    Aquae bullientis, Oj.
 Infuse for one hour and strain.—Add the decoction of bark to this in-
   fusion, and give a tea-cupful cold, three or four times a-day.

   This was a favourite prescription with Dr. Parrish, in
 certain cases of headach, which appear to depend upon
 rheumatism, and  which  are entirely unmanageable
 with the lancet, purgatives,  &c.  &c.

            Infusion of Chamomile and Orange Peel.
 R. Florum Anthemidis nobilis, 3J.
    Corticis Aurantii, ?ss.
    Aqua? frigidae, ftjiij.
 Macerate for twenty-four hours.—Dose.—A tea-cupful three or four
   times a-day.

   The  infusion  of chamomile made  with cold, is in
 general more grateful  to the patient than  when made
 with boiling water; the same remark  applies to infu-
 sions generally,  and they are  also less liable to  fer-
 ment when made with cold water.

                Decoction of Anguslura Bark.
 R. Corticis Cusparia? febrifuga? contusae, 5j.
   Aquae fontanae, Ojss.
 Boil for fifteen or twenty minutes, and strain.—Of this  decoction a
  wine-glassful may be taken every two hours.

             Decoction of Wild-Cherry Tree Bark.
 R. Corticis Pruni Virginiani contusi, 5j.
    -------Aurantii contusae, 3'j-
   Aqua? fontanae, Oj.
 Boil the bark alone for half an hour, and then  add the orange-peel.—
  A wine-glassful may be taken every hour or  two in consumptive
  cases, asthma, Sic.
                   Infusion of Serpenlaria.
R. Serpentaria? Virginianae,  gss.
   Aqua? bullientis, Oj.
        24 
186
TONICS.
Infuse in a covered vessel for one hour.—A wine-glassful every hour
  or two hours, pro re nata.

            Compound Tincture of Aloes,  Gentian, S,-c.
R.  Aloes socotorinae, 3j-
    Pulveris Zedoariae,
    -------  Gentianae,
    -------  Croci,
    -------  Rhei,
    -------  Agarici,
    Syrupi, aa. gj.
To be mixed into a quart of brandy.   This is the celebrated Baume
  de Vie, or Elixir of Life.  It is a powerful  tonic, and one of the
  most  effectual febrifuge medicines.   In intermittents, especially, it
  is justly celebrated.  Dose.—A table-spoonful three times a-day.

                  Infusion of Sage and Boneset.
R.  Salvia? officinalis,
    Eupatoria? perfoliatae, aa. gss.
    Corticis cascarillae, gj.
Mix, and infuse in three half pints of boiling water until cold.  Dose.—
  A wine-glassful every two or three hours.  In the colliquative per-
  spiration of hectic fever.

                  Decoction of Dog-Wood Bark.
R.  Corticis Corni Florida? contusae, 3j.
    Aquae fontana?, Oj.
Boil for twenty or thirty minutes, and strain.—A wine-glassful may
  be given every hour, as a substitute for Peruvian Bark in intermit-
  tents.
                         Infusion of Hops.
 R. Humuli lupuli,3j.
    Aquae ferventis, Oj.
Infuse for two hours, and strain by expression.  Of this a wine-glassful
  may be taken three or four times a-day.  In dyspepsia.

                       Infusion of Boneset.
R.  Eupatorii perfoliati, 3j.
    Aqua? bullientis, Oj. 
TONICS.
187
 Infuse  for two hours, and strain.—Of this a wine-glassful may be
   taken every one or two hours, cold.  In intermittent fever.

               Enema of Extract of Bark, SfC.
 R. Extracti Cinchona?, 3ss.
    Aquae tepidae, giv.
 Solve;  dein adde—
    Olei olivarum, gss.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt. x.
 Fiat enema.—Signa.—To be thrown up every fourth hour.  In inter-
   mittents.

   Where  it is  preferred,  the powdered bark may be
 used—say 31J.  mixed with some of the decoction  in-
 stead  of common water.   The bark thus administered
 may  occasionally be made  to arrest an  intermittent
 when the patient cannot swallow  it.   Bark  is also
 employed  externally in  the form of a waistcoat, worn
 next the skin.   A poultice made by mixing the powder
 and decoction into a paste,  is occasionally applied to
 the region of the stomach;  and lastly, the decoction
 may be  used as a semicupium.

                    Enema of Quinine.
 Quinine is employed in enemata, and in this form has an immediate
   and powerful effect  on  intermittent fevers.  From  eight to twelve
   grains of the sulphate of quinine, dissolved in a tea-cupful of flax-
   seed or  other mucilage, may be administered at a time, and repeated
   in twelve hours.

            Infusion of Cinchona with Lime Water.
 R. Cinchona? corticis cordifoliae, 3ij-
   Liquoris calcis, Oij.
 Misce, et  fiat infusio.

   This  infusion was  formerly  much employed and
esteemed as an excellent compound.  A wine-glassful
may be  taken  three  or four times per diem, or once
every  hour, in intermittent and other forms of fever. 
138
TONICS.
                     GENTIAN IN.
  This substance is obtained by an elaborate chemical
process from the root of the gentiana lutea.   It is in-
tensely bitter, but possesses no advantages oyer  the
common preparations of Gentian.  Majendie gives two
formulae for its administration :

R. Gentianinae, gr. v.
   Alcoholis, 3j-
Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—Two tea-spoonsful, which will contain a little
  more than a grain of the medicine.  Commended in scrofulous affec-
  tions.

                   Sirup of Gentianin.
R. Gentianinae, gr. xvj.
   Syrupi, Oj.
Misce.—Dose.—A wine-glassful, which will contain a grain.

               Compound Infusion  of Gentian.
R. Radicis Gentiana? concisae, gss.
   Corticis Aurantii contusae, 3ij.
   Seminis Cardamomi, gss.
   Aqua? ferventis, Oj.
Fiat infusio.

  Gentian is an excellent bitter, and the above will prove
useful in wine-glassful doses, in  debility of the diges-
tive organs,  &c.


                  ALTERATIVES.

   Alteratives  have  been  defined—those  medicines
which are given with a view to re-establish the healthy
functions of the  animal  economy, without  producing
any active evacuation.  This class of remedies, there-
fore, embraces numerous preparations which produce
a slow but decided effect on the various  secreting or-
gans, sometimes  without any sensible increase of the 
TONICS.
189
secretions themselves, but in other instances obviously
augmenting or magnifying  them.   Such is the action
of minute  doses of mercury, iodine and other  sub-
stances upon the  glandular  apparatus.  These  medi-
cines are generally classed with stimulants  and tonics,
and some of them with narcotics, and others have been
placed  with  those preparations to which  they  seem
most allied when given in an over-dose,—Sialagogues,
for example.   Without attempting to investigate this
question farther than  regards  practical  convenience,
we proceed in this place to indicate the more  active
and important  Alteratives; merely premising the fa-
miliar truth,  that medicines of almost every class  of
the materia  medica become alteratives by being ad-
ministered in  very small doses at intervals  of  a few
hours.
                 Mthereal Tincture of Iodine.
R.  Iodini, gr. vj.
    iEtheris Sulphurici, 3j.
Misce.—Thirty drops contain one grain of iodine.—Dose.—Ten drops
  twice or three times a-day.   In cutaneous and glandular diseases.

                Compound Tincture of Iodine.
R.  Iodinae, gj.
    Potassa? iodida?, gij.
    Spiritus rectificati, Oij.
Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—Five to fifteen drops, pro re nata.

            Mixture of the Hydriodale of Potash, ifc.
R.  Iodidi Potassae, gr. ij.
    Sulphatis Magnesiae, gss.
    Tartratis Antimonii et Potassae, gr. ss.
    Aquae destillatae, gvj.
Misce.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful three  or four times  a-day.   In
  scrofula.
              Iodine with Hydriodale of Potash.
R-  Iodinae, gr. iij.
    Potassa?  iodidi, gr. vj.
    Aqua? destillatae, ^]. 
190                      TONICS.

Solve et signa.—Dose.—Six to ten drops thrice a-day in a wine-glass
  of cold water.

   If it produce dizziness, pain in the  bowels, or other
unpleasant symptoms, diminish the quantity.
   Dr.  Morton   (" Illustrations  of  Pulmonary Con-
sumption,")  strongly  recommends  this  mixture  in
catarrh,  phthisis,  &c.  It  has  a  powerful  effect  in
glandular  disease, and in all affections of the mucous
membranes.

               Mixture of Tincture of Iodine, fyc.
R. Tincturae Iodini, f. 3j.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, f. 3ij.
   Aquae destillatae, f. gvj.
Fiat mistura et signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours.   Employed
  in  cases of ulceration accompanied by purulent discharge from the
  meatus auditorius, and where there exists a scrofulous diathesis.
                                           See Astringents.

                Solution of Hydriodale of Iron.
R. Iodidi ferri, gj.
   Aquae destillatae. 3j.
Fiat solutio.—Dose.—Six to ten drops  morning, noon and night, in a
  wine-glass of cold water.

                Solution of Iodide of Potassium.
R. Potassii iodidi, gr. xxxvj.
   Aquae destillatae, gj.
Fiat solutio.—Dose.—Five to twenty drops, morning, noon and night,
  in  a wine-glass of sweetened water.                 Majendie.

        Solution of the Ioduretted Hydriodale of Potassa.
R. Iodinae, gj.
   Potassii iodidi, 9ij.
   Aqua? destillatae, gvij.
Fiat  solutio.—Dose.—Six drops, morning  and  evening,  in  a wine-
  glass of water.  In scrofulous and scirrhus diseases.
                           Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 306. 
                             TONICS.                         191

      Tyrrell's Mixture of Ioduretted Hydriodale of Potassa.
R. Iodinae, gr. ss.
    Potassae iodidi, 3ss.
    Syrupi papaveris, 3ss.
    Aqua? destillatae, tbss-
Fiat mistura.—Given in dose of a wine-glassful three times a-day.  In
   syphilis combined with scrofula.
                                      Vide Dunglison, ut supra.

            Mixture of Iodo-Hydrargyrate of Potassium.
R. Hydrargyri deuto-iodidi, gr. iv.
    Potassii iodidi, 9j.
    Aquae destillatae, 3j.
Misce.—Dose.—Five drops three times a-day, much diluted.

           Tincture of Iodo-Hydrargyrate of Potassium.
R. Potassa? iodo-hydrargyratis, gr. j.
    Spiritus vini tenuioris, 3j.
Fiat tinctura.—Dose.—Ten drops three times a-day, much diluted.

                    Ioduretted Sulphuric Ether.
R. Etheris sulphurici, gj.
    Iodidi puri, gr. vj.
Solve.—Thirty drops of this solution contain a grain of Iodine.   Six
   drops constitute a full dose.

           Majendie's Anti-Epileptic Solution of Iodine.
R. Iodureti potassii, 3iv.
    Iodidi, gr. ij.
    Aqua? menthae destillatae, 3vj.
Fiat solutio.—Dose.—A spoonful thrice per diem.

                          Iodine Waters.

   The physicians of Europe, and especially of Paris, have made ex-
tensive and salutary use  of Iodine waters, both  internally and exter-
nally.  In these the Iodine is very much diluted, and generally  with
the addition of more or less common salt.  These waters are prepared 
192
TONICS.
 on a large scale and with great precision by the Pharmaceutists of
 Paris, but they have been but partially introduced into this country.
 M. Majendie, however, gives formulae for some extemporaneous Iodine
 waters, which  may answer all the purposes of the more elaborate
 preparations.  The following is an example:—

                    Ioduretted Water.
 R. Iodureti Potassii, gr. vj.
   Iodini, gr. j.
   Aquae purae, Oij.
 Fiat solutio.—This solution is directed to be drank at meals, in place
  of common water.

   That  Iodine is one of the most powerful alteratives
 at present known, there can be no question.   There
 are few  diseases dependent upon or  connected  with
 morbid secretion of the  glandular structures, but what
 are more or less modified by its use, while in others it
 acts as a direct curative agent.   It is chiefly, however,
 in scrofulous, glandular and  cutaneous affections that
 it acts most  beneficially, dispersing  indurations of the
 glands, and  restoring the secretions of the cutaneous
 and mucous  apparatus: whence its advantages in erup-
 tive diseases, bronchitis, leucorrhcea, amenorrhcea, &c.
 &c.   It has  been found to restore suppressed hsemorr-
 hoidal and catamenial  discharges, and when  pushed
 too far, has even produced alarming  hemorrhage of the
 lungs, nose and uterus.   These facts should make the
 practitioner  extremely cautious in its administration,
beginning with small doses, and watching their effects.
 Should it produce any of the inconveniences already
 mentioned, or dizziness, nausea,  purging,  burning of
 the skin or swelling of the gums, it should be at once
suspended or  given less frequently and  in smaller
doses.
  It is well known that Iodine was  first discovered in
 sea-weed  and  sponges;  and the  latter having  long
 had the reputation of being a  cure  for Goitre, it was
found that Iodine was the active remedial agent.   We 
TONICS.
193
 give below two prescriptions for the  use of sponge as
 formerly in vogue, but now nearly superseded by  the
 preparations of pure Iodine.

                       Burnt Sponge.
 R.  Spongiae ustae, 3j-
    Sacchari albi, ^j.
 Misce et divide in  chartulas, vj.—One three times a-day, gradually
 . augmenting the dose.  In Bronchocele.

                    Decoction of Sponge.

 R.  Spongiae concisae et torrefactae, 3j.
    Aquae destillatae, Oj.
 Coque et infunde duodecem horas.—Of this, filtered and rendered
  palatable by the addition of a little mint water, a table-spoonful or
  more may be taken every three hours.


                     STRYCHNINE.

  We have already (under the head of Narcotics) given
several prescriptions for using this extremely poisonous
substance; but as it is chiefly given as an alterative,  we
here add  some  additional modes  of  administration.
Strychnine is now much in vogue in the whole class of
nervous diseases, paralysis, whether  general  or local,
neuralgia, chorea, hysteria, &c.  It is also employed in
syphilis, amenorrhcea, dyspepsia, bronchitis, and in fact,
in all cases where an alterative course is indicated.


              Solution of Acetate of Strychnine.

R. Strychnia? acetatis, gr. iij.
   Alcohol, 3J.
   Aqua? cinnamomi, ^vij.
Misce.—Dose.—Five  drops twice a-day, gradually  increasing  the
  quantity.                Dunglison, New Remedies, p. 450.
       25 
194
TONICS.
               Tincture of Acetate of Strychnine.
R. Strychnia? acetatis, gr. iss.
   Alcohol, 5ss.
Fiat  tinctura.—Dose.—Five to twenty drops thrice per diem.  In
  syphilitic pains of the bones.             Dunglison, ut supra.

  A Sulphate of Strichnine  is also in use.  It is prepared like the
Acetate, of course substituting sulphuric acid.  It has no advantages
over the preparations already given, and is little used.
                   See Majendie, Formulaire, 9vme. Ed. p. 30.

                          Brucine.
   The alkaline principle called Brucia or Brucine, is
contained in the Augustura bark, Nux vomica and St.
Ignatius's bean.   That obtained from the bark is pre-
ferable for medicinal  purposes.   It possesses the pro-
perties of Strychnia, but in less degree.  It may  be ad-
ministered in doses  of one to three grains without dan-
ger; but the minimum  dose should be first given, and
the  quantity gradually augmented.

                      Pills of Brucia.
R. Brucia? pura?, gr. xij.
   Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa.
Divide in pilulas xxiv.
Signa.—One pill may be taken four times a-day, and gradually in-
  creased.

                      Tincture of Brucia.
R. Alcoholis, ±j.
   Brucia? purae, gr. xviij.
Fiat  tinctura.—From  six to  twenty-four drops may be taken in a
  draught.

                      Mixture of Brucia.
R. Bruciae, gr. vj.
   Aquae destillatae, 5iv.
   Sacchari albi, gij. 
TONICS.                      195
Fiat mistura.  Dose.—A table-spoonful night  and  morning.  These
  preparations are chiefly used  in paralysis, and the entire series of
  spasmodic affections.
                          Bromine.
   This substance, which is allied to chlorine  and io-
dine, is obtained from salt springs and  other  mineral
waters.   In medicine it is chiefly  used in  combina-
tion with potassa.

               Solution of Bromide of Potassium.
R. Potassii bromidi, gr. xviij.
   Aqua? lactuca? destillatae, giij.
   Syrupi althaea?, ^j.
Fiat  mistura.—Majendie  directs the preceding quantity to be given
  during the twenty-four hours, in doses of a table-spoonful.  It is
  recommended in scrofula, glandular diseases, amenorrhcea, Sic.

                   Pills of Bromide of Iron.
R. Bromidii Furri pulverisate,  gr. xij.
   Conserva? rosarum, gr. xviij.
   Gummi Arabici, gr. xij.
Misce, and fiant pilulae xx secundum artem.  Two pills to be  taken
   in the morning, and two in the evening, or,  one  three times a-day.
   In Hypertrophy of the Heart, and scrofulous affections.
                                                 Majendie.
                          Mercury.
   The mercureal preparations constitute the most de-
cided  and efficient  medicines of this class.   In addi-
tion to  several formulae inserted under  the  head  of
Sialagogues,  the  following  will be  appropriately no-
ticed in this place.
                         Calomel Pills.
R. Calomelanos, gr. ij.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiant pilulae xij.
Of which one may be taken every one or two hours.  In cases of
   marasmus, Sic. Sic. 
196
TONICS.
  The use of calomel  in  minute  doses has  become
very general, and  certainly, if we  may be  allowed to
give our experience, very deservedly so.  In  the  he-
patic and intestinal  complaints of children, it is pro-
ductive of the happiest results when  carefully ma-
naged.
  In infants, for example, the sixteenth or eighth of a
grain, repeated every hour or  two hours, according to
age  and circumstances, will  often  check  diarrhoea,
and even dysentery, which have resisted every treat-
ment.   If the discharges are  attended  by pain and te-
nesmus, small doses of powdered opium or laudanum
may be added; but, as a general rule in  these cases,
the anodyne had better be given by injection.
  The preparation called  blue pill (massa ex hydrar-
gyro) is indicated in similar conditions, and  is espe-
cially  beneficial wherever an  alterative is called  for.
In  these cases a  grain given  at bed time, or  even a
grain in divided portions through  the  day, will often
produce the desired effect.  Hence their extensive use
in chronic and obscure derangements of the digestive
organs, especially  of the stomach and liver;—in the
whole  class  of syphilitic affections, glandular enlarge-
ments,  &c.
  In like manner  all the mercurial preparations men-
tioned under the head of Sialagogtjes, become altera-
tives by cautious administration in doses more or less
minute, and especially when  they are  given  in con-
junction with the  preparations of sarsaparilla.

               Pills of Quinia, Opium, $c.
R. Calomelanos, gr. vj.
   Pulveris Opii, gr. iij.
   Sulphatis Quinia?, gr. xij.
   Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat massa et in pilulae xij dividenda.
Signa —One night and morning.                  Dr. Meigs. 
                          TONICS.                      197

                Pills of Blue Mass, Quinia, fyc.
R. Massa? ex Hydrargyro,
   Sulphatis Quinia?,
   Pulveris Aloes, aa. gr. xij.
   Syrupi Rhaei aromatici, q. s. ut fiant pilulae xij.
Signa.—One three or four times a-day.

   Either of the above prescriptions will be found use-
ful in that condition of the system which supervenes
an attack of bilious  intermittent or  remittent fever.
They may be denominated tonic alteratives.

                           Arsenic.
   Arsenic  is a powerful  alterative,   and one which
should  be  administered with the utmost circumspec-
tion.  In addition to  the  formulae  already given,  the
following will be found useful.

               Pills of Arsenic and Black Pepper.
R. Protoxidi arsenici, gr. iv.
   Piperis nigri, 3ix.
   Pound  these substances in a mortar for a few days at intervals, after
which water enough is to be gradually added to form a pill mass, which
should be divided into one hundred pills: the French physicians direct
double that number, and restrict the patient to one or two pills daily*
This preparation of arsenic is regarded in India  as an infallible cure
for Tuberculous Lepra.

                    Pills of the  Arseniate of Iron.
R. Proto-arseniatis Ferri, gr. iij.
   Extracti humuli lupuli, gij.
   Pulveris althaea?, gss.
   Syrupi, q. s. ut fiat massa.
To be divided  into forty-eight pills, of which one  is given daily.
   Recommended !>y Dr. Biett  in  scrofulous, cancerous, and herpetic
   diseases.
               Hydriodale of Arsenic and Mercury.
R.. Liquoris hydriodatis arsenici et hydrargyri, gij.
   Aqua? destillatae, giiiss.
   Syrupi ziuzibcris, 3*?. 
198
TONICS.
Misce.—To be taken in four draughts, night and morning.  Chiefly
  given in scrofula and cutaneous eruptions.—Donovan, in Dungli-
  son, New Remedies, p. 288.

                    MINERAL ACIDS.

                    Nitro-Muriatic Acid.
R. Acidi nitrici, gj.
   ----Muriatici, 3ss.
   Aqua? destillatae, Svijss.
Misce,  et adde—
   Spiritus aetheris nitrici, gijss.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful to be given every two hours,
  in a wine-glass of sweetened water.

  These acids, in the same proportions, are also em-
ployed as a bath in  hepatic derangements, and by
some are esteemed  highly beneficial.  To accomplish
this end, put a tea-spoonful of the compound acid into
a quart of warm water, and apply it to the region of the
liver night and morning, by means of a soft sponge.


                    Diluted Nitric Acid.
R. Acidi nitrici, gj.
   Aqua? destillatae,  Oij.
   Sacchari albi, 5j.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—This quantity to be taken daily by the patient.
  In Lues Venerea.                       Ferriar, Med. Hist.

                   Mixture of Nitric Acid.
R. Acidi nitrici, giss.
   Pulveris Acacia?,
   Sacchari albi, aa. 3iij.
   Aquae destillatae, gvj.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful pro re nata.

  Nitric  acid  may be prescribed as  a tonic in  the
above form, or  simply diluted with  water.   It is  best 
TONICS.
199
taken through a quill, as the teeth suffer when it comes
in contact with them.   We have seen it arrest the col-
liquative sweats of hectic fever when  other  remedies
had failed.

          Mixture of Nitrous Acid, Laudanum, $c.
R. Acidi nitrici, gj.
   Mistura? Camphorae, gviij.
   Tincturae Opii, guttas xl.
Misce.—Signa.—One fourth part to  be taken every three or four
  hours.

   This  compound  is  highly recommended by Mr.
Thomas Hope, Surgeon, Chatham, in dysentery and
cholera.—N.  A. Medical and Surgical Journal, Oct.
1826. 
(   200   )
CLASS  XV.
             ASTRINGENTS.

  Doctor Cullen describes astringents to be "such
substances as applied  to the  human body, produce
contraction  and condensation  in the soft  solids, and
thereby increase their density  and force of  cohesion."
"And  by the operation of this  corrugating power,"
adds Dr. Murray, " either directly exerted  on a part,
or extended by sympathetic  action, the  morbid affec-
tions arising from a state of relaxation are supposed to
be removed."
  In the  use of this  class of medicines there is one
caution suggests itself; namely, that they  should not
be given  to arrest  evacuations that are critical, and
designed  by nature to relieve  a  plethoric state of the
system; unless, however, such evacuation  exist to an
alarming  extent.

                PILLS, POWDERS, &c.

               Compound Powder of Alum.
R. Aluminis, 9j.
   Pulveris Kino, gr. v.
Misce.—Fiant pulveres, v.—Signa.—One every two hours.  In ob-
  stinate diarrhoea.

  This compound, though much employed, and praised
by some practitioners, contains substances  incompati- 
ASTRINGENTS.
201
ble with each other.   It is, nevertheless, very useful in
menorrhagia, &c.

             Powder of Sugar of Lead and Calomel.
R.  Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr. ij vel iv.
    Acetatis Plumbi, gr. ss ad gr. j.
Fiant pulveres iv.—-One every three  hours.   In Cholera Infantum.
  The above dose is adapted to any period  between ten and twenty
  months of age.                            Dr.  T. D. Mitchell.

                 Powder with Alum and Opium.
R.  Aluminis, 3ss.
    Pulveris Opii, gr. iij.
Fiant pulveris vj.—Signa.—One to be taken every three or four hours.
  In diarrhoea.

                  Powder of Blue  Vitriol, fyc.
R.  Sulphatis Cupri,
    Boli Armenia?,  aa. 5j.
    Camphorae, gij.
Fiat pulvis.—Project 3j. of this powder into a pound of boiling water
  —filter the solution, and  mix gj. of it  with gj. of clear water, and
  apply it  to the purulent eyes of infants by means of a syringe, pro
  re nata.—See Cooper's Surgery.

              Pills of Acetate of Lead and Calomel.
R.  Acetatis plumbi, gss.
    Calomel, gr. v.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s.
Ut  fiant pilula? x.   One  to  be given every two, three, or four hours,
  according to circumstances.  In Hemorrhage, and especially in He-
  matemesis.
                   Sugar of Lead and  Opium.
R.  Acetatis plumbi, 9j.
    Gum Opii, gr. j.
Misce, et divide in pilulas xij.—A pill to  be taken every hour at first,
  and then every two hours.  This is Dr. Graves's  prescription for
  the treatment of Cholera.
        26 
202
ASTRINGENTS.
               Pills of Acetate of Lead and Opium.

R.  Acetatis Plumbi, gr. xij.
    Pulveris Opii, gr. vj.
    Conserva? rosarum, q. s., ut fiat massa, in pilulas vi dividenda.
One to be taken  for a  dose, according to circumstances.   In haemop-
  tysis and other hemorrhages.


             Bolus with Alum and Extract of Bark.

R.  Aluminis,
    Extracti Cinchona?,
    Nucis myristica?, aa. ^ss.
    Syrupi simplicis, q. s., ut fiat bolus.
To be given in uterine and other  hemorrhages, and repeated pro  re
  nata.

                   Pills of Alum, Catechu, fyc.
R.  Aluminis, gr. vj.
    Extracti Opii, gr. j.
    Catechu, gr. j.
Misce.—To be  divided into six pills, one  of which is  to  be  given
  every two, three or four hours.  In passive hemorrhage, and  in
  atonic mucous discharges.


                        Pills of Rhatany.

R.  Extracti Rhatania?,  9j.
    Pulveris kino, q. s,
Ut fiant pilula? viij.—Signa.—A  pill to be given every hour or two
  hours.  In the Profluvia.


                        Pills of Creosote.
R.  Creosoti, gtt. x.
    Pulveris glycyrrhiza?, gj.
    Mucilaginis,  q. s.
Ut fiant xx—Dose—a pill thrice in the day.  In Bronchitis, Neural-
  gia, &c. 
ASTRINGENTS.
203
                       Creosote Mixture.
 R. Creosoti, gtt. xij.
    Mucilaginis Arabici, giv,
    Sacchari albi, gj.
 Fiat mistura.—Dose—a table-spoonful every two or three hours.  In
   Hemorrhages.

                 Alcoholic Solution of Creosote.
 R. Creosoti, gtt. j.
    Alcoholis rectificati, gtt. xvj.
 Misce.—A drop or two of this solution dropped into the cavity of an
   aching tooth, is said to afford immediate relief.        Marinus.

                         Tannin Pills.
 R. Tannina? pura?, gr. ij.
    Gummi vel Syrupi, q. s.
 Ut fiant pilulae viij.  One may be given every two or three hours.  In
   Gonorrhoea, &c-

                        Chalk Mixture.
 R. Cretae praeparatae:  3iss.
    Sacchari albi,
    Gummi Arabici, aa. q. s.
    Aqua? destillata?, 3iv.
    Olei cinnamomi, gtt. ij.
    Tincture Opii, gtt. xl  vel lx.
 Misce.—Dose—a table-spoonful every two hours.  In Diarrhoea and
   Dysentery.

   Another formula  for chalk  mixture will be given
under the head of Absorbents and Antacids.
   When a  strongly astringent chalk mixture is desira-
ble,  we  may add to  the above formula  Tinct. Kino,
3ij.,  or the  same quantity  of Tinctura Rhataniee, or
Catechu, or Nut-galls.

             Camphor, Laudanum and Nitric Acid.
R. Aquae camphorae, giv.
   Acidi nitrici, gtt. iv.
   Tincturae Opii, gtt. xl vel lx. 
204
ASTRINGENTS.
Fiat mistura.  Dose—a table-spoonful every two hours.  In Diarrhrjea
  and Dysentery.

   This is  the well known and very efficacious prepa-
ration  called  Hope's Mixture.   If  the  nitric acid  is
added in  larger proportion, it is very liable  to defeat
the object of the prescription.

                Camphor Water, Lavender, &j-c.
R. Aquae camphorae, giv.
   Tinctura? lavendula? compositae, 3^.
   Tinctura? Opii, gtt xl vel lx.
Fiat mistura.  Dose—a table-spoonful every two hours.

   This prescription is  employed in the same cases as
the  preceding one, and was strongly commended by
the late Dr. Parrish.

                Electuary of Catechu and Opium.
R. Electuarii Catechu, gj.
Suited to cases of diarrhoea, in tea-spoonful doses.   Ten scruples con-
   tain one grain of opium.

                   Pills of Kino, Opium, fyc.
R. Pulveris Kino, gr. xx.
   -------Opii.gr. ij.
   Mucilaginis Acacia?, q. s. ut fiant pilula? iv.
Of which take one every four hours.  In diarrhoea, pyrosis, Sic.

                           Monesia.
 This  substance is the product of a tree  which grows in Chili, but its
   botanical affinities are yet unknown.  It  is given in the  form of
   Extract,  twelve or twenty grains daily, divided  into three grain
   pills.  In Leucorrhcea, Diarrhoea, Menorrhagia, &c. &c. 
                     ASTRINGENTS.                  205


                     COLLYRIA.

  These are preparations applied to the eyes; they are
sometimes dry, but generally liquid—consisting of in-
fusions, decoctions, or distilled waters, with the  addi-
tion of various substances.

                Dry Collyrium of Sugar, fyc.
R. Sacchari albi,
   Oxidi Zinci, aa. partes equales.
Tere in pulverem.                             M. Recamier.

                Dry Collyrium of Mercury, fyc.
R. Sacchari albi, gij.
   Oxidi Hydrargyri rubri, gr. x.
   Oxidi Zinci impuri praeparati, J)j.
Fiat pulvis.                                 M. Dupuytren,

                Dry Collyrium of Opium, fyc.
R. Pulveris Opii, gr. iv.
   Hydrargyri chloridi mitis,
   Sacchari purificati, aa. 9j.
Tere bene.

  These compounds  are blown  into  the  eyes for the
removal of specks on the cornea  resulting from inflam-
mation.

                        Alum Curd.
R. Pulveris Aluminis, gss.
   Albuminem Ovi, j.
Agitate them well until a  coagulum be formed.—To be applied on a
  linen rag to inflamed eyes.  It should be removed in three or four
  hours.

                      Alum Collyrium.
R. Pulveris Aluminis, gr.  xij vel  xx.
   Aqua? rosarum, 5iv.
Fiat solutio.—To be applied to the eye in chronic inflammation 
 206                   ASTRINGENTS,

                Collyrium of Ioduret of Potassium.
 R. Aquae rosarum, 5vj.
    Iodureti potassii, gr. xxiv.
    Iodini, gr. j vel ij.
 Fiat collyrium.  To be applied to the eyes three or four times in the
   day.   In scrofulous ophthalmia, and ulcerations of the  cornea and
   conjunctiva.

                  Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc.
 R. Sulphatis Zinci,
    Acetatis plumbi, aa. gr. vj.
    Aqua? rosarum, 5iv.
 Fiat solutio.

   In this prescription, a  double  decomposition takes
 place.   Acetate of zinc is held in solution, while  sul-
 phate  of lead falls to the bottom.  It should be filtered,
 or used without shaking.

                Collyrium of Acetate of Lead, &/c.
 R. Liquoris plumbi acetatis, gtt.  xij.
    Vini Opii, gtt. xl.
    Aquae rosarum, 5iv.
 Fiat collyrium.

                   Collyrium of Vinegar, &/c.
 R. Aceti destillati, 3J-
    Spiritus Vini diluti, 5ss.
    Aquae rosarum, gviij.
 Fiat mistura.—Signa.—To be applied to weak eyes, and  in ophthal-
  mia after depletion.

         Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia and Camphor.
R. Liquoris Ammonia? acetatis, gij.
   Mistura? Camphorae, gvj.
Misce.—-Signa.—To be applied to eyes  requiring a mild astringent
  and stimulant remedy. 
                      ASTRINGENTS.                  207

         Collyrium of Acetate of Ammonia with Opium.
R. Liquoris Ammoniae acetatis, 5ij.
   Aqua? ferventis, 5vj.
   Extracti Opii mollis, gr. x.
Dissolve  the extract of Opium in the hot water—strain, and add  the
  liquor of acetate of ammonia.  Useful in acute ophthalmia when
  considerable pain remains after depletion.

               Collyrium of Sulphate of Copper.
R. Sulphatis Cupri, gr. vj.
   Camphorae, gj.
   Aqua? ferventis, gviij.
Rub  the  camphor with the water—then  strain, and add the sulphate
  of copper.

   This is nearly the same as the formula recommended
by Mr. Ware in the treatment of purulent ophthalmia.

               Collyrium of Corrosive Su blimate.
R, Hydrargyri chloridi corrosivi, gr. ij.
   Aquae destillatae, gviij.
Fiat solutio.

   The above  may be advantageously used in  gonor-
rhceal ophthalmia, as  also in  that of a  scrofulous cha-
racter.

               Collyrium of Opium and Camphor.
R.  Extracti Opii mollis, gr. x.
   Camphorae, gr. vj.
   Aquae ferventis, gxij.
Rub the camphor and opium well together in a mortar and add the
   water.  Then strain before using.

                   Collyrium  of Poppies, fyc.
R.  Fomenti papaveris capsularum, giv.
    Aqua? rosarum,
    Mistura? Camphora?, aa. gij. 
208
ASTRINGENTS.
Misce.—Either of the last two coUyria may be employed in the early
 _ stages of ophthalmia.

   All of  these remedies can  be  most successfully ap-
plied to the eyes by introducing the point of  a small
syringe into  the outer angle, and gradually injecting
the collyria.

                 Collyrium of Nitrate of Silver.
R. Nitratis Argenti, gr. ij.
   Aquae destillatae, gij.
Fiat solutio.—To be applied at the close of  acute ophthalmia, and to
  promote the absorption of nebulae of the cornea.

                      Emollient Collyrium.

R. Radicis Altha?ae officinalis, 3ij-
   Aquae destillatae, fly.
Infuse for^three hours near the fire, and strain.—Employed in inflam-
  mation of the conjunctiva accompanied with violent irritation.

                      Anodyne Collyrium.
R. Colchici autumnalis, 3J.
   Aqua? Lini bullientis, giv.
   Tinctura? Opii, 3j-
Fiat mistura.—Employed in opthalmia accompanied with great sensi-
  bility.                                           M. Jadelot.

                     Strichnine  Collyrium.
R. Strichnia? purae, gr. ij vel iv.
   Acidi acetici diluti,
   Aqua? destillatae, aa. ?j.
Fiat solutio.—A drop or two, diluted or not according to circumstances,
  to be applied to the eye several times a-day.  Commended  by Dr.
  Ryan in Amaurosis. 
ASTRINGENTS.
209
                  INJECTIONS

  Injections are liquid compositions, containing emol-
lient, astringent, or stimulating substances.  The parts
into which they are thrown are, the external auditory
passages, the canal of the urethra, the bladder, and
also fistulous  cavities, the tunica vaginalis in the case
of hydrocele, and the vagina.   When employed in the
cure of gonorrhoea, two circumstances merit especial
attention, viz. the manner of  throwing them up, and
the  frequency of using  them.  When  the common
syringe is used, the pipe should be perfectly smooth,
short, and conical, so that it cannot pass more than  a
quarter of an inch into the urethra. The patient should
oil the pipe before using it, seat himself on the edge
of a chair so as to avoid pressing the perinaeum, draw
the penis forward on the syringe with the left  hand,
and throw  up the injection  to  the seat of disease,
(previously ascertained,) with the other.   As respects
the frequency of  injecting, it may  be observed, that
six  or eight times  a-day are not too often, and that the
cure will be retarded by using these remedies at longer
intervals.  We cannot forbear remarking, that gonor-
rhceal inflammation, situated near the extremity of the
penis, can be  often cured by a routine plan;  but  when
seated higher up the canal,  and affecting  Cowper's
gland or the prostate, it becomes a serious disease,  the
cure of which ought not to  be undertaken by those
ignorant of the structure of the parts and the nature of
morbid action.

         Injection of Pyroligneous Acid for the Ear.
R. Acidi pyrolignei, 3\j-
  Aquae destillatae, 5vj.
Fiat  injectio.—Signa.—To be injected twice  a-day with a silver
  syringe, in purulent discharge from the meatus auditorius.
                                Buchanan on the Ear.
       27 
210
ASTRINGENTS.
                Injection for Catechu for the Ear.

R. Extracti Catechu, gr. xij.
   Aquae bullientis, gvj.
Fiat injectio.—To be used four or five times a-day.  Idem.

           Pyroligneous Acid, Ether, fyc.,for the Ear.

R. Acidi pyrolignei,
    Spiritus jEtheris sulphurici,
    Olei Terebinthinae, aa. partes equales.
Misce.—Signa.—Introduce two drops into the meatus auditorius every
   night, when the cerumen is deficient in quantity.—Idem.

                Injection of Sulphate of Zinc, fyc.

R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x.
    Pulveris Acacia?, 3ij«
    Tinctura? Opii, 3j.
    Aquae destillatae, gviij.
Fiat injectio.—Used in gonorrhoea virulenta.


              Injection  of Corrosive Sublimate, Sic.
R. Sulphatis Zinci, gr. x.
    Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij.
    Aquae rosarum, gviij.
Fiat injectio.—To be used in gleet.

   This powerful remedy  should  be  employed with
great caution.


              Peruvian Balsam, <$rc.,for the Ear.
R. Fellis Bovini, 3iij.
    Balsami peruviani, 3j.
Misce.—Signa.—To be dropped occasionally into the ear to correct a
   fetid discharge, syringing the ear every day with  a weak solution
  of soap and water.                         j)r. Hugh Smith. 
ASTRINGENTS.
211
              Injection of Muriate of Ammonia, Sic.
R.  Muriatis Ammoniae, gr. j vel ij.
    Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij.
    Aquae destillatae, giv.
Fiat injectio.—To be used in chronic gonorrhoea.

                  Injection of Acetate of Zinc.
R.  Acetatis Zinci, gr. viij.
    Aquae rosarum, giv.
Fiat injectio.—Used in gonorrhoea virulenta.

   For  all these preparations,  rose water is an admira-
ble menstruum ; it possesses  the advantages of being
slightly astringent and  rendered  pure by distillation,
and seems therefore  particularly applicable to the for-
mation of injections and collyria.

                   Injection of Armenian Bole.
R.  Sulphatis Zinci, 9j.
    Boli Armenia?, 9ij.
    Pulveris Acacia?, gij.
    Aqua? rosarum, § viij.
Fiat injectio.—To be used in gonorrhoea.

                    Injection of Calomel, Sic.
R.  Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3J-
    Gummi Arabici,
    Tinctura? Opii, aa. gss.
    Aquae destillatae, 3viij.
Fiat injectio.—Signa.—For gonorrhoea or gleet.

                Injection of Sulphate of  Copper.
R.  Cupri sulphatis, gr. vj.
    Aquae destillatae, |vj.
    Tincturae Opii, 3j.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be thrown up the urethra in chronic gonor-
  rhea. 
212
ASTRINGENTS.
                       Injection of Tea.

R. These viridis foliorum, gj.
   Aquae ferventis, gvj.
Fiat infusio et cola.—To be used  as  an  injection in  gonorrhcea viru-
  lenta.

              Injection of Ammoniuret of Copper.
R. Cupri Ammoniureti, gr. v.
   Aquae rosarum, 3viij.
Fiat solutio.—To be used in chronic gonorrhoea.


        GARGLES, MOUTH WASHES, &c.

   Gargles, like injections,  are  astringent and  stimu-
lating; to be of any service they must be frequently
applied and persevered in for some time.

                       Gargle of Brandy.

R. Spiritus vini gallici,
   Aquae fontanae,  aa. partes equales.
Brandy and water form an excellent gargle for some cases of inflamed
  fauces.

                  Gargle of Galls and Alcohol.

R.  Infusionis gallarum, gvij.
    Spiritus vini rectificati, \%y
Fiat gargarysma.—To be used frequently, in relaxation of the  uvula
   and soft palate.

                 Gargle of Infusion of Oak Bark.

 R.  Corticis Querci falcatae, gj.
    Aquae fontanae, fbjss-
 Boil to a pound, and strain ; then add—
    Sulphatis aluminis, 3ss.
    Spiritus vini gallici, 3ij.
 Misce.—To be applied to the uvula when  swelled or relaxed, and to
   be used as an injection in fluor albus. 
ASTRINGENTS.
213
                Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia, fyc.
R. Sulphatis Quinia?, gr. xij,
    -------cupri, gr. xvj.
   Acidi sulphurici aromatici, 3j.
   Aquae fontana?, gviij.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be used three or four times
  a-day, in obstinate sore throat.                Dr. Hartshorne.

                      Gargle of Borax, &;c.
R. Boratis sodae, 3j.
   Tincturae myrrhae, gss.
   Mellis despumati, gj.
   Aquae rosarum, giv.
Fiat gargarysma.—Signa.—To be used as a gargle or mouth wash, in
  ptyalism or scorbutic affections of the gums.

                Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc, &/c.
!*•  Sulphatis Zinci, 3j.
   Mellis, gss.
   Tincturae Myrrhae, gj.
   Spiritus vini gallici, gj.
   Aquae rosarum, giv.
Fiat gargarysma.—To be applied  to ulcerated  gums, occasioned by
  excessive salivation.  Water can be added if it be too strong.

   In  many cases  of mercurial  sore  mouth, common
lead water forms a  most soothing and useful applica-
tion.   It, makes  the  teeth  black—an effect which is
only temporary.

                 Dr. Blake's Toothach Solution.
R. Aluminis, 3ij> (in pulverem subtillissimum triturandum.)
   Spiritus aetheris nitrici, 3vij.
Fiat solutio.—Said by Dr. Blake, of London, to be an infallible cure
  for toothach, where this is not connected with rheumatism.

                        Gargle of Alum.
R. Sulphatis alumina? et potassae, 3ij.
   Aquae, 3iv. 
214
ASTRINGENTS.
 Solve.—This is Dr. Cavarra's gargle for foetor oris, or  offensive
    breath.
                      Gargle of Pomegranate.
 R. Corticis punica? granati, gss.
     Petalarum rosae rubrae, 3ij.
     Aquae  bullientis, gvj.
 Fiat infusio.—Cola et adde—
     Mellis despumati, gj.
     Aluminis,  3ij.
 Fiat gargarysma.—Signa.—To be used in inflammations of the throat
    and fauces.  This gargle is highly praised by Dr. Meigs.

                      Muriatic Acid Gargle.
 R. Infusionis  Cinchona?, giv.
    Mellis  despumati,  gj.
    Acidi muriatici, gtt. xviij.
 Fiat gargarysma.—To be used in chronic inflammation, when pain
   and swelling have been  reduced by depletion—also in cynanche
   maligna.                                Ratier's Formulary.
                  Wash of Sulphate of Copper, fyc.
 R. Sulphatis Cupri, 3ij.
    Pulveris Cinchona?, gss.
    Aquae destillatae, giv.
 Misce.—Signa.—To be used in the gangrenous sore mouth of children;
   and to be applied  to the full extent of the ulceration and  excoria-
   tion.                                       Dr. B. II. Coates.
                  Linctus ivith Muriatic Acid, fyc.
 R. Acidi Muriatici,  3j.
    Mellis,
    Aquae rosarum, aa. gj.
 Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to scorbutic gums  three or four times
   a-day.
             Detergent Gargle—Sulphuric Acid, &;c.
R. Decocti Hordei, giv.
    Mellis despumati, gss.
    Acidi sulphurici,  gtt. xx.
Fiat gargarysma.                           Ratier's Formulary. 
ASTRINGENTS.
215
                       Mercurial Gargle.      '' "" r '
R.  Chloridi Hydrargyri corrosivi, gr. ij.
    Mellis despumati, gss.
    Aquae destillatae, giv.
Fiat solutio.—To be  used in venereal sore throat.           Idem.

                         Acetous Gargle.
R. Acidi acetici, gij.
    Muriatis Ammoniae, 3j.
    Mellis, giss.
    Aquae fontanae, gxij.
Fiat gargarysma.—To be used in inflamed fauces.          Idem.

             Astringent Gargle of Acetate of Lead,  fyc.
R. Acetatis Plumbi, 3ss.
    Syrupi simplicis, gj.
    Decocti Hordei,  Oj.
Fiat solutio.—In mercurial sore mouth, Sic.—Ratier's Formulary.

                 MIXTURES, INFUSIONS, &c.

                        Infusion of Galls.
 R. Gallae contusae, 3ij.
     Aquae bullientis, gx.
 Infuse for four hours, and  strain.—Signa.—To be taken in doses of a
    table-spoonful every hour or two hours.  In diarrhoea.   It may  be
    rendered more agreeable by the addition of some aromatic.

                    Infusion of Galls and Chalk.
 R. Infusionis Gallarum, giv.
     Cretae praeparatae, gss.
     Tincturae Opii, 3j.
     Gummi Acacia?, 3j.
 Fiat mistura.—Dose.—A table-spoonful  every  two hours.   In diar-
    rhoea.
                       Infusion of Logwood.
 U. Haematoxyli ligni, £ss.
     Aqua?  bullientis, Oj. 
216
ASTRINGENTS.
 Infuse for two or thee hours, and strain.—Of this a table-spoonful to,
   be given to children  every  two or three  hours.  In  cholera and
   diarrhoea.
               Mixture of Extract of Logwood, &j-c.
 R. Extracti Haematoxyli, 3iij'
    Tincturae catechu, 3ij«
    Aquae fontanae, 5vij.
 Misce.—Signa.—Two spoonsful to be  given once in  three or four
   hours.  In the advanced stages of diarrhoea and dysentery.

             Mixture with Extract of Bark  and Alum.
 R. Extracti Cinchona?,  5ss.
    Aluminis, 3ij.
    Aqua? Cinnamomi, gv.
    Syrupi Limonis, 5j.
 Misce.—Signa.—Two spoonsful may be taken every two hours.   In
   low diseases accompanied with hemorrhage.

              Mixture with Tincture of Catechu, fyc.
 R.  Tincturae Catechu, ?j.
    ------- Opii, gtt. lx.
    Pulveris Acacia?, 3ij-
    Aquae Cinnamomi, 5yj.
 Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every  two hours.  In diarrhoea.

              Solution of Vitriolated Zinc and Alum.
                        As under Emetics.

                          Alum Whey.
R.  Lactis Vaccinae bullientis, Oj.
    Pulveris Aluminis, ?ij.
Boil them until the  coagulum separates, and strain.   A cupful to be
  taken occasionally.   In diabetes, &c.

               Peruvian  Bark with Lime Water.
R.  Pulveris corticis Cinchona?, gss.
    Aqua? Calcis, gviij.
Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful to be taken every  two hours, or
  oftener if necessary.   In diarrhoea and menorrhagia. 
ASTRINGENTS.
217
                   Sirup of Galls, Brandy, <$r.
R.  Gallarum contusarum, 3>j-
    Spiritus gallici, gviij.
Misce.—Set  the brandy on fire and burn out the spirit;—then add—
    Corticis Cinnamomi,
    Macis, aa. 3ij>
While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy until a
  sirup is formed.—Decant the pure sirup.—Dose.—A table-spoonful
  every two  hours.   In chronic and obstinate diarrhoea.
                                                  Dr. Parrish.

                Clyster of Lime Water and Catechu.
R.  Electuarii Catechu, gss.
    Aqua? Calcis, gx.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—One-half may be  injected at a  time;  in  the
  diarrhoea of continued fevers.

                Solution of Sulphate of Copper, &j-c.

R.  Sulphatis Cupri, gr. iij.
    Acidi sulphurici, gtt. xx.
    Aquae destillatae, 3ij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—From twenty to forty drops to be given every
  one or two hours in sirup, pro re nata.   In menorrhagia.
                                           Thatcher's Practice.

                  Enema of Acetate of Lead, $e.
R.  Acetatis Plumbi, 9j.
    Tincturae Opii, gtt. lx.
    Aquae tepidae, gij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—To be thrown up the rectum in uterine hemor-
  rhage.                         Dewees's Syst. of Mid., p. 420.

             Mixture of Extract of Rhatuny Root, $c.
R.  Extracti Rhataniae, gj.
    Syrupi papaveris,
   Aquae rosarum, aa. gj.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A tea-spoonful for a dose, pro  re nata.   In
  passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery.        M. Fouquier.
           28 
218
ASTRINGENTS.
                LINIMENTS, LOTIONS, &c.

               Lotion of Lime Water, Zinc, 8rc.
R. Oxidi Zinci, gr.  xij.
   Cupri sulphatis, gr. iij vel iv.
   Mellis rosacei, 3j.
   Aqua? calcis, gij.
Fiat lotio.—Recommended as very useful in phagedaenic ulcers of the
  genitals.                         Vide Swediaur on Syphilis.

            Liniment of Lime Water and Linseed Oil.
R. Olei Lini, giij.
   Liquoris Calcis,  gvj.
Fiat linimentum.—To be applied to burns  and scalds by means of a
  feather or soft rag.

              Lotion of Lime Water and Alcohol.
R. Spiritus vini rectificati, gij.
   Liquoris  Calcis, Oss.
Fiat mistura.—To be applied in the same cases as the above.

            Lotion of Goulard's Extract of Lead, &c.
R. Liquoris acetatis plumbi, gj.
   Spiritus Camphorae, 3iij«
   Aquae fontanae, Oj.
Fiat lotio.—To be used  as the former.

                        Chloride of Soda.
R. Chloridi  Sodas, quantum placet.

   This compound  is much  recommended by some of
the  French surgeons, applied by means of lint  in the
treatment of old ulcers.

                   Epithem of Acetate of Lead.
R. Confectionis rosa?, gj.
   Mellis,
   Liquoris plumbi acetatis,
    Tincturae Opii,  aa. Bij. 
ASTRINGENTS.
219
Misce.—Signa.—To be  applied to painful venereal ulcers, and to
  chancres after the use of lunar caustic.

            Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potash.
R. Sulphureti Potassae, gss.
   Saponis venetae, gj.
   Spiritus rectificati, giv.
   Tinctura? Myrrhae, gss.
   Liquoris Calcis, Oj.
Fiat mistura secundum artem.—To be applied to the head night and
  morning, in cases of tenea capitis.   The hair must be shaved pre-
  vious to its employment.

                     Astringent Fomentation.
R. Radicis Bistortae,
   Corticis Punicae granati, aa. gij.
   Muriatis Ammoniae, 3ij.
   Vini rubri, Oj.
Misce.—Signa.—To be applied to indolent inflammatory swellings.
                                          Ratier's Formulary.

                        Lotion of Bark.
R. Cinchona? rubra? contusae, gj.
   Aquae fontanae, Oj.
Boil for ten minutes, strain, then add—
   Alcoholis camphorati, gviij.

   This preparation may be used whenever a tonic and
stimulant lotion is required.

               Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassa, fyc.

1. R. Sulphureti Potassae, gj vel ^ij.
      Aquae, Oj.
Misce.—
2. R. Acidi hydrochlorici, gj  vel |ij.
      Aquae destillatae, Oij.
Mix one ounce of each  lotion with four ounces of warm  water, and
  apply by means of a sponge in cases of psora.—M. Alibert. 
220
ASTRINGENTS
                       OINTMENTS.
                 Ointment of Alum, Calomel, fyc,
 R. Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 3»j«
    Sulphatis Aluminis exsiccati,
    Oxidi plumbi albi, aa. 5ss.
    Olei Terebinthina?, 3ij«
    Cerati simplicis, 5iss.
 Fiat unguentum.

   This ointment is particularly efficacious  in Tinea
 Capitis.   It should  be  applied  every night going to
 bed,  and washed off in  the morning ; as  soon as  the
 child's  head  is dry, it  should  be  dusted over with
 powdered starch, which in the evening is again to give
 place to the  ointment.  The hair  should be cut off
previous to the application of the ointment.

                    Ointment of Gall-nuts.
 R. Pulveris Gallarum, gj vel ij.
    Adipis suillae, gj.
 Fiat unguentum.—Used  in hapmorrhoidal affections.

                  Ointment of Oxide of Zinc.
 R. Oxidi vel florum, 3j-
    Butyri recentis, gvj.
 Fiat unguentum.—To be applied to the eyes  in cases of defluxions
   arising from relaxation or slight inflammation of the lids.

              Ointment of Rhubarb, Opium, &/c.
 R. Pulveris Rhei, gr. x.
    -------  Opii, gr. v.
    Cerati simplicis, giss.
 Fiat unguentum.—This ointment has been found very efficacious in
   indolent ulcers.

                    Ointment of Tar,  S,-c.
 R.  Unguenti picis liquidae, gj.
    --------hydrargyri nitratis vel cilrini, gss.
Fiat mistura.—In  tinea capitis. 
ASTRINGENTS.
221
                Ointment of Tar and Opium.
R. Pulveris Opii, gij.
   Unguenti picis, gj.
Fiat unguentum.—Signa.—Haemorrhoidal ointment.

   This compound has been found very efficacious  in
hsemorrhois.

                   Kirkland's Neutral Cerate.
R. Emplastri plumbi, 3iv.
   Olei olivarum,
   Creta? praeparatae,
   Acidi acetici, aa. 5ij.
   Super-acetatis plumbi, 3JSS-
The plaster and oil are first to be melted over a gentle fire.  The
  prepared chalk is then to be  briskly stirred  in, and when the mix-
  ture is sufficiently cooled, the vinegar and superacetale of lead  are
  to be added, and the whole stirred until nearly cold.

   This cerate, which is not to be met with in the phar-
macopoeia, is strongly recommended  in abraded irrita-
ble surfaces, and the latter stages of  burns.

                 Aromatic Sulphur Ointment.
R. Potassae carbonatis, 5ss.
   Aqua? rosae, ?j.
   Hydrargyri sulphureti rubri, 5j
   Olei essentialis Bergamota?  5ss.
   Sulphuris sublimati et loti,
   Adipis suilli, aa. gx.
Misce secundum artem.—Employed in scabies.
                                       Baleman's  Synopsis. 
(  222   )
CLASS   XVI.
         ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS.

   Absorbents or Antacids form  a class of remedies
 for correcting acidity in the stomach and bowels.  As
 a general rule they should be preceded by an emetic
 or cathartic, or both.   When a permanent effect is de-
 sired, they are usually combined  with tonics,  aroma-
 tics, and sometimes narcotics.   When  given alone,
 they too frequently afford but transient relief.

                     POWDERS.

         Compound Cretaceous Powder with Opium*
R. Cretae praeparatae, 3iss.
   Pulveris Cinnamomi, 3J.
   ------ Piperis longi, gr. viij.
   -------Opii, gr. vj.
Fiat pulvis.—Divide in chartulas xij.—One  three or four times a-day.
  In diarrhoea.

   The above formula,  with a slight alteration, is from
the London Pharmacopoeia.

          Powder with Crabs' Claws and Rhubarb.
R. Chelae cancrorum, gj.
   Pulveris Rhei, 9ij. 
ABSORBENTS OR  ANTACIDS.
223
Misce, et divide in pulveres iv.—Of which one may be  taken once
  or twice a-day, according to circumstances.  In acidity of the Pri-
  mae viae.

   This preparation is called by  the several names of
crabs'  claws,  eyes,  and stones.   It is a  carbonate of
lime united ■, with  some animal  gelatine, and  which,
like prepared oyster shells,  has little or no superiority
over the prepared  chalk.

            Powder with Magnesia, Fennel Seeds, fyc.

R. Magnesia?, gss.
    Pulveris seminum Fceniculi,
    ------ Cinnamomi, aa. gj.
Fiat pulvis.—Dose.—A small tea-spoonful three or four times a-day.

                Powder with Soda, Magnesia, fyc.

R. Magnesiae calcinatae, gss.
    Bi-carbonatis Sodae,
    Pulveris Zingiberis, aa. 9j.
Misce.—Signa.—A small tea-spoonful occasionally.  In cardialgia.

              Powder with Magnesia and Colombo.

 R. Magnesiae ustae, 3jss.
    Pulveris Colomba?, 3j.
 Misce.—Divide in chartulas  vj.—Of which  one maybe taken three
   times a-day, in sugar and water.  In Cardialgia.

                            PILLS.

                   Pills of Soda, Rhubarb, $c.
 R. Pulveris Rhei,
    Carbonatis  Soda? exsiccatae,
    Extracti Gentianae, aa. 9j.
    Hydrargyri chloridi mitis, gr.  iij.
 Misce.—Fiant pilulae xx.—Signa.—Two occasionally.  In dyspepsia, 
224
ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS,
                MIXTURES,  SOLUTIONS,  &c.

                         Chalk Mixture.
R. Cretae praeparatae, 3iij.
    Sacchari albi,
    Pulveris gummi Acaciae, aa.  3iss.
    Aquae Menthae, gvj.
Fiat mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose every two hours.
   When administered in Diarrhoea, Astringents are added.

                   Solution of Salt of Tartar.
R. Carbonatis Potassae, gj.
    Sacchari albi, ?j.
    Tincturae Lavandula? compositee, 31J.
    --------Opii, gtt. xl.
    Aquae Menthae, ^iv.
Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every hour or two hours.   In sick-
   ness of the stomach occasioned by acidity.

   The opium in the above prescriptions  may be omit-
ted at the discretion of the practitioner.

            Mixture of Salt of Tartar, Ammonia, $c.
R. Spiritus Ammonia?,
    Carbonatis  Potassae, aa. 3ij.
    Aquae Cinnamomi, giv.
Misce.—Signa.—A  large tea-spoonful for a dose pro re nata.  In
   Pyrosis.

                     Lime Water and Milk.

R. Aqua? calcis,
    Lactis recentis, aa. giij.
Misce.—Signa.—Two table-spoonsful for a dose.  In sickness of the
   stomach few remedies are more prompt in their effect.  An antacid
   remedy admirably adapted to children, is prepared by pouring four
   ounces of boiling water on  a  heaped tea-spoonful of calcined  mag-
  nesia, and giving a dessert-spoonful of the clear solution every hour
  or two.  It is slightly aperient. 
ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS.
225
            Mixture with Ammonia, Magnesia, 8rc.

R. Magnesia? ustae, 3j.
   Aquae Ammonia?, 2j.
   Spiritus Cinnamomi, 3hj-
   Aquae destillatae, gvss.
Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two hours.  Usually given
  in the sickness accompanying pregnancy.

              Mixture of Magnesia, Camphor, &/c.

R.  Magnesiae alba?, 3j.
    Camphorae, gss.
    Sacchari albi,
    Gummi Acacia?, aa. gij.
    iEtheris sulphurici, 5ss.
    Aqua? destillatae, 5iv.
Misce.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose four or five times a-day.
  In flatulency and irritable stomach.—Dr. E. Griffiths.

                        Dyspeptic Lie.
Take of
  Hickory Ashes  -----    1 quart,
  Soot    ------    6 ounces,
  Boiling Water  -----    1 gallon.
Mix and let them stand for  twenty-four hours, frequently stirring the
  ingredients.   A tea-cupful may be given of this liquor, (decanted,)
  three times a-day.  It should be decanted always  at the end of
  twenty-four hours, for by standing on the materials a long time the
  water acquires almost caustic properties, and may  do serious in-
  jury.

   This domestic  remedy we  have  thought  best to
couch in the English  language.  It deserves an inser-
tion from the circumstance that it was employed by
Dr. Physick in  his own case, and we  are informed
was of decided  advantage  when  the  usual  alkaline
remedies had failed.
29 
226
ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS.
                Solution of Salt of Tartar, Sj-c

R. Carbonatis Potassae, gj.
   Pulveris gummi Acacia?, 3ss.
   Olei Mentha? sativae, gtt. ij.
   Tincturae Opii, gtt. x.
   Aquae aeratae, ^iij.
Fiat solutio.—Signa.—A table-spoonful for a dose, pro re nata.   In
  sickness of the stomach.—Dr. Meigs.


                   Mixture of Colombo, &;c.

R. Radicis Colombae, gss.
   Coque in aqua, ^iij ad Zv.
   Cola et adde—
   Carbonatis Potassae, 9ss.
   Succi limonis, giij.
   Tinctura? Opii, gtt. xij.
Misce.—Signa.—From a tea to a table-spoonful may be given every
  hour.


   This mixture  is  said to be  powerfully anti-emetic;
and is much praised by Dr. Meigs.


                    Anti-Emetic Mixture.

R. Tinctura? corticis Aurantii, ?ss.
   --------Aloes socotrinae,
   --------Castorei, aa. 3j.
Misce.—Signa.—The dose may be from forty to fifty drops, three or
  four times a-day.

   In chronic vomiting, occasioned by atony or spasm
of the  stomach, the above is strongly  recommended  in
Hufeland's Treatise on Scrofula. 
ABSORBENTS OR ANTACIDS.
227
              Mixture with Carbonate of Soda, &/c.
R. Sodae carbonatis, 9iv.
   Infusionis Gentianae compositae,
   Aquae cinnamomi, al. giij.
   Tincturae Cardamomi, gss.
Fiat  mistura.—Signa.—A table-spoonful every two  or  three hours.
  In acidity and flatulency of the stomach, &c. 
(   228  )
APPENDIX,  NO.  I.
    DIETETIC   PREPARATIONS.

  The importance of an acquaintance with those pre-
parations  of diet peculiarly designed  for the patient
during disease and convalescence, is so obvious that it
requires little or no comment.   It was remarked by
Dr. Rush, in his lectures, that a physician should
spend  six months in a kitchen before entering upon
his practical career.  As the medical attendant, there-
fore, is called  upon frequently to give directions and
rules for preparing the diet for the  sick, we have in-
serted a few  formulas for those articles which are in
daily use.  However apparently trifling such a class
may appear to some  persons, the physician will find
that an attention to it will  place  the patient  more
completely under his own control,  and  inspire  con-
fidence in the relations and attendants.  The rules to
be observed  in giving nourishment to the  sick, will
generally, present themselves; but there is one in par-
ticular which should not be overlooked.   In all low
diseases, the nurse should be directed never to give too
much at  once,  but  frequently to repeat a small pro-
portion.  The lapse of a very short time without food,
will frequently in cases of great prostration, reduce
the patient very low, and may endanger his life.
  This rule  is not intended  to  be  applied to  those 
DIETETIC preparations.
229
chronic derangements of the digestive functions, which
are to be remedied principally by a regulation of diet,
and in which, the old adage, " a little and often," has
too frequently, we  are  convinced, been perniciously
advised.

            Decoction of Barley; or, Barley Water.
Take of
    Pearl Barley,    -     -      -      -      -  2 ounces,
    Boiling Water,  -     -      -      -      -  2 quarts.
Before adding the boiling water, let the barley be well washed. Then
  boil it to one-half, and strain the liquor.  A little lemon juice and
  sugar may be added, if desirable.  To be taken  ad libitum in in-
  flammatory diseases.

                        Rice Water.
Take of
    Rice,    -      -      -      -     -      -  3 ounces,
Let it be well washed, and add to it—
    Water,   -      -      -       -      -      -  2 quarts.
Boil it  for an hour and a half, and then add sugar and nutmeg as
  much as may be required.  To be taken ad libitum.

   Rice, when  boiled for  a considerable time, assumes
a gelatinous form, and is a very excellent diet,  mixed
with milk, for  children.   It is believed by  many per-
sons to have a constipating  property.   This opinion,
however, appears to be destitute of foundation.

                    Infusion of Flaxseed.
                   As under Expectorants.

                  Mucilage of Gum Arabic.
                   As under Expectorants.

                     Decoction of Bran.
Take of
   Wheat Bran, recent,     -      -             -  1 pint,
   Water,......3 quarts. 
230           dietetic preparations.

Boil down one-third, strain off the liquor, and add sugar, honey or
  molasses, according to the taste of the patient.

   Bran tea may be made by using boiling water, and
suffering the  mixture to stand in a covered vessel for
three or four hours.

                         Sage Tea.
Take of
   The dried leaves of sage,     -      -       half an ounce,
   Boiling Water,        -     -      -       1 quart.
Intuse for half an hour, and then strain.  Sugar and lemon juice may
  be added in the proportion required by the patient.  In the same
  manner may be made balm and other teas.

   These infusions  form  very agreeable  and  useful
drinks in fever, and their diaphoretic  powers may  be
increased by the addition  of sweet spirits  of  nitre; or,
what is better, by antimonial  wine.

                     Infusion of Malt.
Take of
   Ground Malt,     -       -      -     -      -  1 pint,
   Scalding Water,*  -       -      -     -      -   3 pints.
Infuse for two hours, and  strain off the liquor, to  which  may be
  added sugar or lemon juice, if required.

   This  is  a favourite preparation  with Dr. Parrish,
and employed by him in inflammatory fevers.

                        Lemonade.
Take of
   Fresh Lemon Juice,  -
   Fresh and very thin peel of Lemon,
   White Sugar,
   Boiling Water,
-   4 ounces,
-   half an ounce,
-   4 ounces,
-   3 pints.
* Water not quite brought to the boiling point. 
               DIETETIC PREPARATIONS.              231

 Let them stand until cold, then strain off for use.   When employed
   in fevers, a little nitrate of potash or sweet spirits of nitre may be
   added.

   This preparation, when freely taken by the patient,
 sometimes produces  pain  in the  bowels.   It  must
 therefore be given with some reserve as a  daily drink.

                        Water Gruel.
 Take of
   Oatmeal,  -      -      -      -      -       -2 ounces,
   Water,    -      -      -      -      -       -  1 quart.
 Boil  for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain, adding sugar and  salt to
   make it agreeable.

                      Milk for Infants.
 Take of
   Cow's Milk,      -     -      -      -      -  1 part,
   Water,    -      -      -       -      -       -2 parts.
   Loaf Sugar as much as may be agreeable.

   It is necessary, when   children are to be  raised
 by the hand, to dilute the  milk.   These  proportions
 may be altered  as the  child  advances in age.  The ob-
ject  is  to make  a  diet  as near the qualities of the  ma-
 ternal  milk as possible.

                        Rice Gruel.
 Take of
   Ground Rice,     -      -      -      -      -  1 ounce,
   Cinnamon,      -      -      -      -      -  1 drachm,
   Water,    -      .      -      -      -      -  1 quart.
Boil  for forty  minutes,  adding the  aromatic near  the conclusion.
  Strain and sweeten  it.  Wine may be added if neeessary.

                         Panado.
Take of
   Wheat Bread,     -      -       -      -      -  1 ounce,
   Cinnamon,       -     -      -      -      -  1 drachm,
   Water,    -       -      -       -      -       -  1 pint. 
232
DIATETIC  PREPARATIONS.
Boil them until well mixed, then add a little grated nutmeg and sugar.
  Wine or butter may also be added if desirable.

                   Compound Salep Powders.
R. Salep,
   Gummi Tragacanthi,
   Sago, aa. giv.
   Cochineal, gss.
   Testae ostrearum preparatae, gj.
To be carefully mixed and divided into powders of 3j each.   Stir one
  of these powders into a pint of milk, and boil them together for ten
  or fifteen minutes. To be drank freely in dysentery and diarrhoea.

   These are the dysenteric powders of Dr. Castanello.
A  somewhat  analogous  preparation  which  bears the
same name, is prepared as follows:

R. Pulveris gummi  arabici,
    Gummi Tragacanthi,
    Marantae,
    Sago,
    Tapioca?, aa. 3ij.
Mix them well together, and  boil in a  pint of milk, flavoured with
   nutmeg or cinnamon.   To be  used as  a diet in dysentery, diar-
   rhoea, Sic. Sic.
                             Sago.
 Take of
    Sago,     -----      2 spoonsful,
    Water,    -----      l pint.
 Boil  gently until it thickens, frequently stirring.   Wine, sugar, and
   nutmeg, may be added according to circumstances.

                          Tapioca Jelly.
 Take of
    Tapioca,.......2 spoonsful,
    Water,.......1 pint.
 Boil it gently for an hour, or until  it assume a jelly-like appearance.
   Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with lemon juice, to suit the taste of
   the patient and the nature of the case. 
DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS.
233
                         Arrow Root.
  Take of
     Arrow Root,.....1 table-spoonful,
     Sweet Milk,.....half a pint,
     Boiling Water,.....half a pint.
  Boil them a few moments over the fire.

    Sweetened with loaf sugar it is one of  the best ali-
  ments for children, and more  especially when  their
  bowels  are irritated.

                       Boiled Flour.
  Take of
    Fine Flour,.......a pound.
 Tie it up  in a linen cloth  as tight as possible, and after  frequently dip-
   ping it  in cold water, dredge the outside with flour till a crust is
   formed  round it, which will prevent the water soaking into it while
   boiling.  It is then boiled until it becomes a hard, dry mass.

   Two or three spoonsful of  this  may  be  grated and
 prepared in the same manner  as  arrow  root, for which
 it forms an excellent substitute, and  can be obtained
 in the country,  when perhaps the other  cannot.

                       Vegetable Soup.
 Take one  turnip, one potato, one onion.  Let them  be sliced, and
   boiled in one quart of water for an  hour.   Add  as much salt as is
   agreeable, and pour the  whole upon a piece of dry toast.

   This preparation  forms an  agreeable substitute for
animal food, and may be given when the former  is in-
admissible.

                          Chocolate.
When this is desired by the  patient,  it should  be  suffered to stand
  until  cold, after having  been  made in  the usual way.  The oily
  parts thus  collect on the surface and should be taken off.   The
  liquid may then be boiled again, and sugar, <fec.  added as much as
  inav bo agreeable.
       30 
234            DIETETIC PREPARATIONS.

                         Beef Tea.
Take of
   Lean Beef, cut into shreds,                        1 pound,
   Water,........1 quart.
Boil it for twenty minutes, taking off the  scum as  it rises.  After it
  grows cold, strain the liquor.

   This preparation  is  more nourishing  than ordinary
broths, and is very palatable.

                      Hartshorn Jelly.
Take of
    Hartshorn shavings,.....4 ounces,
    Water,       --.....    j quarL
Boil over a gentle fire until one pint of the water be dissipated.  Strain
  and add lemon juice, sugar and wine.

   This forms,  either with  or  without the last ingre-
dients, a very  nourishing diet for  the  convalescent;
and when  mixed with an equal portion of cow's milk,
is very useful in  the bowel complaints of children.

   Isinglass, or fish  glue, may be used instead of the
hartshorn  shavings, if preferred.

                      Calves' Feet Jelly.

Take two calves' feet, and add to them one  gallon of water, which
  reduce by boiling to one quart.   Strain it,  and when cold skim the
  fat entirely off.  Add to  this, the white of six or eight eggs well
  beaten, a pint of wine, half a pound of  loaf sugar, and the juice of
  four lemons, and let them be well mixed.  Boil the whole for a
  few minutes, stirring it constantly, and then pass it through a flannel
  strainer.

   This forms a  very nutritious  article of diet for the
sick  and convalescent.   When  desired   the wine can
be omitted. 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS.
235
                     Essence of Beef.
Take of
   Lean beef, sliced.
Put a sufficient quantity into a porter bottle to fill up its body, cork it
  loosely and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck by
  means of a string to the handle of the  vessel.  Boil this for three-
  quarters of an hour, then decant the liquor and skim it.

   To  this preparation may be added spices, salt,  wine,
brandy, &c, according to the taste  of the  patient and
nature of the disease.   It is greatly employed in low
fevers, and therefore every one  should be able  to di-
rect its modus praiparandi.
                      Chicken  Water.
Take half a chicken divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to
  this half a gallon of water, and boil for fifteen or twenty minutes.
  Season with salt.

   This water has  been freely employed by some phy-
sicians in the early stages of cholera.   Taken warm it
promotes vomiting and washes out the stomach.

                       Suet Ptisan.
Take of
   Sheep's Suet,......2 ounces,
   Milk,.......1 Pint'
   Starch,.......half an ounce.
Boil slowly for ten minutes.

   This may be used as a common drink in dysentery.

                  Mucilage of Starch, $-c.
Take of
   Starch,      -
   Powdered Cinnamon,
   .------■— Gum Arabic,
   Boiling Water,
Boil until reduced one-third, and strain.
1 ounce,
1 drachm,
1 ounce,
3 pints. 
236
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS.
   The above may be used as  a common drink in dys-
entery.
                  Wine and Mustard Wheys.
                     As under Stimulants.

                        Rennet Whey.
Take of
   New Milk,......] quart,
   Rennet,     ------     a large spoonful.
Warm the milk and then add the rennet.   Boil until the curd sepa-
  rates and is all taken off.

   To many persons this forms a very agreeable nutri-
ment.

                        Vinegar Whey.
Take of
   Milk,     -.......1 pint,
   Vinegar,       ......    half an ounce.
Boil for a few minutes, and separate the curd.

                         Tartar Whey.

Take of
   Milk,.......1 quart,
   Cream of Tartar,.....half an ounce.
Boil until the eurd separates.

                       Sarsaparilla Beer.
R. Sarsaparilla? contusae, tfeij.
    Pulveris corticis Guaiaci, gviij.
    Ligni  Guaiaci concisi,
    Seminum Anisi,
    Radicis Glycyrrhizae contusa?, aa. giv.
    Corticis radicis  Mezereii, gij.
    Sacchari liquidi, J^ij.
    Caryophilli contusi, gss.
    Aquae bullientis, congios iv. 
DIETETIC  PREPARATIONS.
237
Mix these ingredients, and agitate the vessel thrice a-day.  When a
  fermentation has well begun it is fit for use, and may be taken in
  the dose of a small tumblerful twice or thrice a-day.

   "This is the  Spanish recipe for the Jarave or diet
drink, somewhat modified.  If intended for old and
obstinate complaints, as  leprous affections, elephanti-
asis, various anomalous ulcerations and foul disorders
of the  skin, there may be added to the jug, after fer-
mentation has well begun, tartrate of antimony twelve
grains, corrosive sublimate eight or  ten grains, muri-
ate of  ammonia one drachm, dissolved previously in
a little water.   These remedies greatly increase the
alterative  powers  of the   vegetable  infusion, and  so
effectually prevent its decomposition that it may  be
kept for a long time unaltered, even in a hot  climate."—
See Hancock on Sarsaparilla, Journal of the  Philadel-
phia College of Pharmacy, Vol. I. JS"o. 4. 
(   238  )
APPENDIX, NO.  II.
                  POISONS.

  Cases of poisoning are so sudden and so awful that
no time is to be lost in administering relief.  To do this
with judgment and effect, it is requisite to be familiar
with all the usual antidotes: of these we have accord-
ingly selected some which possess  an acknowledged
efficacy, omitting at the same time many others that
are unworthy of confidence.  For the purpose of con-
venience we have arranged the Poisons alphabetically,
with the appropriate antidotes attached to each.   But,
a3 has been remarked when speaking of Emetics, our
chief reliance in these cases is upon free vomiting, in-
duced by those articles which are most speedy in their
effect.   Dr. Beck prefers sulphate of zinc, whenever it
can be procured, and  adds, " but if vomiting be pre-
sent, we may aid it by diluents or a vegetable emetic.
Tartrate of antimony should never be given."  Yet
even from this treatment little can be  expected where
the deleterious substance has remained long in the sto-
mach ; and the stomach tube and syringe will be indis-
pensable.
  To protect the stomach and intestines from the di-
rect operation of poisons, it is generally recommended
to give  milk, lime water, soap,  or drinks sweetened
with sugar or honey.  Oils and other fatty substances
are  rather injurious than otherwise. 
POISONS.
239
  When the vomiting has  ceased, and retching and
pain continue, Mr. Hume advises the free administra-
tion of carbonate of magnesia, with tincture of opium,
suspended in water.

                         A.

   ACIDS, NITRIC, MURIATIC, AND  SUL-
                     PHURIC.

  The proper antidotes to these are the alkalies, alka-
 line earths and soaps; common pearl ash, or carbonate
 of potash; calcined, or carbonate of  magnesia; chalk;
 soap in solution; accompanied with copious draughts
 of  warm water  or warm flaxseed tea.  While the an-
 tidotes are  in preparation, use freely any mild fluid,
 milk or oleaginous matters  being preferred.
                   ALKALIES.

  The best antidote is common vinegar;  it is always
at hand, and  its affinity for thes.e substances is suffi-
ciently strong to neutralize them.  Also,  a fixed oil, as
olive  oil should be given in large quantity—several
pounds being required  wThere a  large portion  of the
alkali has been taken; it acts by rendering the vomit-
ing easy and free,  and partly by  converting the alkali
into a soap.

                   ANTIMONY.

  The preparation of this mineral by which poisoning
is commonly produced, is Emetic  Tartar.   This of
itself produces violent vomiting, and therefore our first
efforts should be directed to keeping up  the emesis by
means of mild diluents and mucilaginous preparations.
Its antidotes are  the alkalies,  bitter and  astringent
infusions,  such as common tea, Peruvian bark, the
 Yellow  Bark and its  tincture—the administration 
240
POISONS.
 of  the bark in powder, before the  decoction  is ready,
 &c. &c.  These,  and especially the  bark, decompose
 the antimonial salt.   Where the vomiting is excessive,
 opium will often assist in allaying it.


                    ARSENIC.

  Until  lately there  has  been no known antidote to
 this deadly poison, and our  sole dependence  has been
 upon mild diluents, albumen, (such  as the whites of
 eggs suspended in  milk) or warm water and sugar.
 Various  substances have  been proposed as antidotes,
 but without success.   It is  best first  (if vomiting has
 been delayed) to give an emetic  of the Sulphate of
 Lime, and milk should be drunk liberally both before
 and after the vomiting has begun.  The patient should
 never be allowed to exhaust his strength  in retching,
 without some milk or other fluid in his stomach to
 act  on.
  The hydrated peroxide of iron, freshly prepared,
 was announced in the year 1834, by Dr. Bunsen of
 Gottingen, as an antidote for poisoning  by  Arsenic;
 and its efficacy has been  confirmed by M. M. Orfila,
 Lesueur,  Soubiain and Miguel, and also  in this  city
 by various chemists,  and by experiments upon  the
inferior animals.  The antidote is thus prepared.

               Hydrated Peroxide of Iron.

R. Sulphuric acid (67° Baume)  8 oz.     -      -    16 parts.
  Iron wire    -      -     8 oz.     -       -    16  "
  Nitric acid  -  (49° Baume) U oz.     -       -    11   "
  Water of Ammonia    -    q. s.
  Water       -      -   H gal.     -      -  384  "
  Mix the Sulphuric Acid with the water in  a glass
vessel; then add the iron, and after the effervescence has
ceased, filter.   Add the Nitric Acid in divided portions, 
POISON'S
241
and apply heat so long as orange-coloured fumes are
given off.  To the heated solution, pour in the Water
of Ammonia until a decided  excess  has been added,
then wash the precipitate by decantation,  until the
washings give no precipitate with Nitrate of  Baryta.
The water is then  to be drawn off until just enough
remains to give the consistence of thick cream.
  Bottles of half a  pint are the most convenient size
for containing it; to each bottle add two ounces of un-
crystallizable sugar or honey to prevent the oxide from
separating from the water.
  The following direction will enable the most igno-
rant to  use this antidote until medical advice can be
obtained.   " This  antidote  must be  administered as
soon as possible after the discovery  that arsenic has
been taken, and as  it causes  no bad effects  itself, it
should be given every five or  ten minutes, until
entire relief is obtained.  The dose for a grown
person is a table-spoonful; for children a tea-spoonful.
The bottle must be well shaken before each  dose.
  Should the patient survive (and he will, if the antidote
prepared as above be faithfully given) the inflamma-
tory symptoms must be combated on the general prin-
ciples for treating  inflammations.  The diet should
consist exclusively of milk, gruel, cream,  rice and si-
milar bland articles.
  In  a  case  of poisoning in this city, where  half an
ounce of the  powdered  arsenic  had  been taken and
which caused  extreme  thirst and vomiting,  all the
symptoms were allayed immediately after freely taking
the Hydrated peroxide of Iron.   Only a slight attack
of Gastritis followed, which  was subdued by the  usual
treatment, cupping, &c. &c.

                         B.

                   BARYTES.

  The carbonate of this earth is poisonous, and might
possibly be taken by mistake.  Its true antidote is sul-
         31 
242
POISONS.
phate of magnesia or soda;  with these  a sulphate of
barytes is formed, which is perfectly insoluble,  and
may be brought off  by emetics  and copious diluents,
oleaginous or albuminous.

                        C.

                    COPPER.

  The sulphate of this  metal  is, perhaps,  the only
chemical preparation that is  likely to be taken into the
stomach.  A more ordinary manner is the careless use
of culinary vessels, or mineral  water fountains.  All
saccharine  preparations, and the prussiates of potash
and iron are considered as antidotes. But our safest
reliance is  upon albumen, with copious draughts of
warm milk,  and brown sugar or molasses.  Vinegar in
all cases should be avoided.


                        G.

                      GOLD.

  The nitro-muriate of gold is a powerful poison. Its
antidotes are sulphate of iron, (which throws down the
gold in a metallic state,) and the free use of mucila-
ginous drinks.


                        L.

                  LAUDANUM.

  Laudanum, when taken in too large quantity, must
be withdrawn from the stomach by active emetics, or
by  tickling the fauces.  The  stomach-tube may be
used to remove whatever remains of the poison.  Di-
luted vegetable acids, and  vinegar  in particular, are
then necessary, and  active  stimulants are also often 
poisons.                  243
required.  Iodine, bromine and chlorine are stated by
M. Donne, of Paris, to be antidotes for poisoning by
nux vomica and opium.   M. Orfila thinks that the de-
coction of galls may with propriety be used as an im-
perfect antidote,  until the  narcotic can be evacuated
from the stomach.

                      LEAD.

  The acetate is the only preparation which is resorted
to as a poison.   The  sulphate of magnesia or soda is
its true antidote,  as it converts the poison into a sul-
phate,  which is  inert;—the alkaline carbonates and
particularly the bi-carbonates.   Phosphate of soda is
also a good antidote.  If the patient does not vomit, it
is best to give an emetic of the sulphate of zinc.

                        M.

                   MERCURY.

  All the preparations of this metal are poisonous, and
corrosive sublimate in particular.   Our chief and only
dependence, according  to  M. Orfila, is upon the al-
bumen of eggs,  copiously swallowed, or introduced
through the stomach tube, which should be resorted to
on all occasions where the  patient cannot swallow or
vomit.  Enemata of the same should also be employed.
  If the albumen be taken in  sufficient quantities, it
decomposes the sublimate, forming a triple compound
of albumen, muriatic 'acid and calomel.   If the re-
medy excite fresh vomiting, so much the better, and if
symptoms of gastritis are present, blood-letting should
not be overlooked.
  The gluten of wheat flour is also strongly recommend-
ed,  on the same principle, as an antidote to corrosive
sublimate.  To administer it, it is only requisite to mix
the flour with  water.   The quantity  taken  must be 
244
POISONS.
very considerable.   This remedy reduces the muriate
to the state of calomel.
   Gluten of wheat flour is best  given  in the form of
an emulsion with soft soap—thus: by  mixing partly
in a mortar and partly with  the  hand,  5 or 6 parts of
fresh gluten with 50 parts of soft soap.
   When neither albumen or gluten is at hand, milk is
a good substitute.


                        N.

                  NARCOTICS.

  The remedies employed in all cases of poisoning from
this class of substances, are nearly the same,  viz:  the
most active emetics, as sulphate of zinc in large doses,
sulphate of copper  and  ipecacuanha.   In all cases
where  it is possible, the  stomach tube  should be em-
ployed to wash out  that  organ.  After  these  evacua-
tions, coffee and  the vegetable  acids are proper.


                     NITRE.

  This salt  is often taken in  mistake  for Epsom  or
Glauber's salts.  When this happens, vomiting should
be excited as speedily as possible, and be followed by
the free use of mucilaginous drinks.


                        O.

                     OPIUM.

   We  cannot do better in this place than  transcribe
what Dr. T. R. Beck, of Albany, says of the antidotes to
opium.
   «' The experiments of Orfila  have  demonstrated that 
POISONS.
245
the administration of vinegar, or other vegetable acids,
previous to the evacuation of the poison by vomiting,
will accelerate and aggravate the action of the opium;
but that when the opium has previously been expelled,
water acidulated with vinegar,  or any other vegetable
acid, will tend to diminish and correct the effects.  Cof-
fee, when prepared in strong  decoction or infusion, ra-
pidly lessens the  symptoms,  but cannot be considered
as an  antidote.  The result of his experiments led
him to give the following directions for the treatment
of a person  poisoned by opium.  Induce vomiting, if
possible, with sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper:
but the administration of watery liquors with the view
of promoting the vomiting,  should be  forbidden, as
they dissolve  the  opium and promote its absorption.
In order to ensure the action  of the  emetic, the patient
must be kept roused either by discharging cold water
over the head and breast, yet cold affusion must be avoid-
ed in the advanced stage, when the body is cold, and
the breathing scarcely perceptible.  To ensure success
in every case, the patient must be kept awake, either by
dragging him up and down  between two men, or by
flagellation on the back and soles of the feet.   Arti-
ficial respiration may be used  in desperate cases  with
propriety.   Bleed the  patient immediately after the
rejection of the poison, and  repeat this if necessary.
Afterwards  administer alternately water  acidulated
with any vegetable  acid, and a strong infusion of cof-
fee warmed—and in ten or  twelve hours exhibit an
enema, and let the arms and  legs of the patient be well
rubbed.   Purgative clysters  should be continued, if it
be suspected that any of the  opium still remains in the
large intestines."—Dr. Beck's Med.  Jurisprudence, Vol.
77.jo.403.

                  OXALIC ACID.

  Death is generally sudden when this poison has been
 taken.   A mixture of chalk and water is recommended 
246
POISONS.
by Dr. Thompson,  for the purpose of converting the
acid into oxalate  of lime.   The  alkalies must be
avoided,  as they act with an energy  very little inferior
to the acid itself.
  It is particularly necessary to avoid giving warm
water with a view to accelerate vomiting;  for dilution
will promote the entrance of the poison into the blood,
if it has not the effect of immediately expelling it.


                        S.

                    SILVER.

  The nitrate  of this metal  is sometimes taken by
mistake: its antidote is  common salt, largely  given,
with copious draughts of mucilaginous drinks to pro-
mote vomiting.  The salt produces an insoluble mu-
riate which has no power on the system.      Beck.


                        T.

                      TIN.

  When any of the salts of tin are  taken, albumen of
eggs, or milk given  freely, is  the appropriate  remedy.
Milk forms a coagulum with  the muriate of tin,  and
renders it innoxious.

                        Z.

                      ZINC.

  The sulphate of this metal  is  occasionally taken in
an over-dose.  Warm water and emollient drinks are
proper in such cases; but milk is particularly useful,
from its power of decomposing the sulphate.  Also al-
bumen. 
POISONS.
247
  The crystallized  sulphate of zinc very closely re-
sembles the sulphate of magnesia, and has been mistaken
for  it.   This fact should be  borne  in mind  by  apo-
thecaries and physicians.

  The following works have been referred to in forming this Chapter
on Poisons.  A Treatise on Poisons, by Robert Christison, M. D.
Turner's Chemistry.  Manuel de M6decine Legale, par A. Brierre de
Boismont.  Orfila, Toxicol.  Generale. Henry, Thompson, &c. &c. 
(  248  )
APPENDIX, NO.  III.
ON   THE  ENDERMIC  USE   OF
               MEDICINES.

  " The science of medicine," says Dr. Gerhard,*
" has recently received an important auxiliary to its
resources, by the discovery that remedial substances
when applied to the cutis, after the removal of the epi-
dermis, produce their peculiar effects with nearly the
same energy as if introduced into the alimentary canal.
This mode of exhibition, which has received the name
of the endermic method, or  endermic medication,  is al-
ways found much more efficacious than the ialatreptic
method of Christien, or  the  administration  of medi-
cines by means of frictions on the cuticle."
  The endermic method requires the previous separa-
tion of the cuticle.  This is best effected by a blister
about four inches square.   A small portion of the cuti-
cle should be removed, and the medicine inserted into
the opening so that it may come in contact with the
vesicated surface.  Substances used in this way,  must
be applied in two or three times the  quantity requisite
when given by the mouth.   " The remains of the sub-
stance applied  are much less than the original quantity,
and sometimes no trace of it can be perceived; the whole
* North Amcr. Med. and Surg. Journ. April, 1830. 
ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES.    249
appearing to be absorbed or mingled with the secre-
tions."
  We avail ourselves of Dr. Gerhard's valuable paper
for the following facts in relation to those medicines
which act most effectually in the endermic method.
  Sulphate of Quinia.—Blister  to be applied to the
epigastrium during the apyrexia; and if the paroxysm
returns before the quinia can be used, defer it until the
next apyrexia.  Apply four grains of powdered quinia,
(either alone or with an equal quantity of starch,) four
times a-day, for two successive days.  A less irritating
plan, however, is to dissolve sixteen grains of quinine in
two ounces of water, with which the  blistered  surface
is to be repeatedly wet during the day, by means of a
soft linen cloth.  There is no occasion to remove the
loose epidermis; it is all-sufficient to  puncture it in se-
veral places to  allow the solution to touch the denuded
surface.                                     .
  Morphia.—The acetate and sulphate act readily and
effectually.  The sulphate is preferable because  more
soluble and less irritating.   It may be applied in pow-
der,  in solution, or in the  form of cerate.—The dose
varies from half a grain to two grains.   Its effects are
speedily perceptible.
  Digitalis.—Dose, two grains three  times a-day.
  Aloes.—This medicine acts on the bowels with near-
ly the same certainty as if taken internally.  Dose, ten
o-rains, to be repeated, if necessary, in a few hours.
 '  Gamboge, owing to its solubility, purges freely in the
endermic method. Dose from five to eight grains.
  Rhubarb, Jalap, Elaterium and Croton Oil, contrary
to what might be expected, do  not produce catharsis,
although they excite severe local irritation.
   Squills.— This  medicine in powder, sprinkled on a
blistered surface three  times a-day in the quantity of
four crrains at each application, causes copious diuresis.
Its power is increased by combination with Digitalis, in
the proportion of four grains of the former to one of  the
latter.
          32 
250       ON THE ENDERMIC USE OF MEDICINES.

  Emetics from the vegetable kingdom all produce their
effect in the endermic  method.  The metallic medi-
cines of this class produce merely local irritation.
  Mercury.—Every practitioner is well aware of the
endermic action of mercury.
  Iodine.—This substance acts rapidly: it is best ap-
plied in  the form of ointment,  made by  rubbing a
drachm with an ounce of cerate. 
INDEX.
                 A.
Absorbents, 222.
Acetate of ammonia, 49,162.
        of ammonia, embrocation, 107.
        of ammonia and camphor, 206.
        of ammonia and opium, 206.
        of lead with calomel, 201.
        of lead with  opium, 201, 202.
          217.
        of lead, epithem of, 218.
        of mercury, 152.
        of morphia, 142.148.
       *of zinc, injection of, 211.
Acorn coffee, 184.
Acid, prussic, 80.
      sulphuric, 166.
      nitrous, 198.
      nitro-muriatic, 198.
      nitric, 37.198.
      pyroligneous, 209.
      linctus of muriatic, 187.
Acids considered as poisons, 239.
Aloes with canella, 26. 88.
      with rhubarb and soap, 31.
      with gentian, 31.186.
      with ipecacuanha, 32.
      with asafoetida and soap, 32.
      with blue pill, 33.
      with guaiacum  and rhubarb, 34.
Alcohol with lime water, (lotion,) 191.
Alkalies considered as poisons, 239.
Alkaline bath,  124.
Alteratives, 188.
Althea collyrium, 208.
Aloetic enema, 100.
Almond emulsion with squills, 75.
Alum, burnt,  124.
       with kino, 200.
       with opium, 201.
       with extract of bark, 202. 216.
       whey, 216.
       curd, 205.
       collyrium of, 205.
Alum and sulphate of zinc, 21.
      with  oak  bark,  (gargle,)^ 212. /

      with spirits of nitre, 186.
      with calomel, 220.
Ammoniated counter-irritants, 106.
Ammonia, nitrate of, 67.
          carbonate  of, with valerian,
             134.
          acetate of, 48. 64.
          muriate of, with arsenic, &c.
             175.
          muriate of, injection, 211.
Amber oil, 116.
       salt with castor, 156.
Ammoniac mixture, 84.
          and squills, 77.
          gum, with squills, 72.
          with conium, 72.
          and nitric acid, 80.
Ammoniuret-of copper, 174. 178.
            of  copper,  injection  of,
               212.
Anodynes, 141.
Anodyne draught, 147.
         pills, 64.
Angustura bark, 171. 185.
Antacids, 222.
Anti-emetic mixture, 226. 18.
Antilithics and lithontriptics, 56.
Anthelmintics, 95.
Antidynous lotions, 106.
Antispasmodics, 156.
Antimonial wine, 20.
           wine with nitre, &c/64.
            wine with water of ammo*
              nia, 64.
           wine with tinctureof tolu,
              64.
           powder,  62.
           powder with calomel, &c.
              63.
Antimony, antidotes  of, 239. 
252
INDEX.
Aromatic Pills, 133.
         sulphur ointment, 221.
Arsenic, white oxide of, 124. 197.
        ointment of, 124.
Arsenic, pills of, 175.
        antidotes to, 240.
Arsenical solution, 182.
Arsenious acid, 124.
Arsenical powder, 125.
Arseniate of iron, 197.
Arrow root, 233.
Asafoetida with magnesia, 35.
          with aloes, 32.
          with tolu, &c. 77.
          milk of, with aq. ammonia?
            78.
          with soap, 156.
          with castor, 158.
          mixture, 158.
          with valerian, &c. 158.
          enema, 159.
Astringents, 200.

                 B.

Baths, 119.
       Bareges, 120.
       sulphureo-gelatino'us, 120.
       nitro-muriatic acid,  120.
       emollient, 120.
       sublimate, 121.
       alkaline, 121.
       artificial Harrowgate, 121.
Barytes, muriate of, 69.
        antidotes of, 241.
Balsam copaiva, mixture of, 51. 54.
        copaiva with cubebs, 53.
        copaiva with calomel, 54.
        copaiva with Bolus, 54.
        copaiva with tolu, 78.
        copaiva in  pills, 46.
        Peruvian, 210. 79.
Barley water, 229.
             with muriatic acid, 56.
             with nitre, 69.
Belladonna, 80. 112. 152. 153.
Beef tea, 234.
     essence of, 235.
Bismuth with cubebs,  134.
         pills, 175.
Blake's toothach solution, 213.
Blister issue, 129.
Blisters, 102.
Blue pill, 164.
Blue pill with jalap and aloes, 29.
         with rhubarb, 29.
         with colocynth, 32.
         with aloes, 33.
Black wash, 127.
      drop, 151.
Blood root, 78.
Boneset, 68. 179.
Boiled flour, 233.
Boracic acid, 159.
Borage flowers with sarsaparilla, 66.
Bougies, 130.
        Sharp's, 130.
        Dr. Swediaur's, 130.
Bole with  sulph. copper, 211.
     with sulph. zinc, (injection,) 211.
Borax, (gargle,) 213.
Brown mixture, 74.
Bran, decoction of, 229.
Brucia, pills of, 194.
       tincture of,  194.
Bromine, 195.
Bromide of potassium,  195.
        of iron, 195.
Butternut, extract of, 32.
Burdock in decoction, 66.
Burnt sponge, 193.
Burnt alum, 124.

                 C.

Cathartics, 24.
Calomel with jalap, 25.
        with jalap and rhubarb, 26.
        with rhubarb, 26.
        with rhubarb and opium, 30.
        with extract of colocynth, 33.
        with squills, 47. 72, 73.
        with squills and digitalis, 47.
        with nitre and tartar emetic,
          60.
        with ipecacuanha,  nitre,  &c.
          60.
        with opium, 61.
        with opium and antim. powder,
          61, 62.
        with gamboge, 95.
        with pink root, 95.
        with lime water, 157.
        with iodine, 108.
        pills, 151.
        with acetate of lead, 201.
        with  laudanum,   (injection,)
          184.
        with alum, ointment of, 220.
        with quinia and opium, 196.
        with quinia and tart, antimon.,
          220.
Calves'  feet jelly, 234.
Camphor with emetic tartar, &c. 63.
          with guaiacum, 138.
          mixture, 92. 136. 
INDEX.
253
 Camphor julep, 123.
          enema, 100.135.
          and mercury, 104.
          liniment, 113.
          with cantharides, 132.
          in milk, 136.
          with magnesia, 136.
          with myrrh, 137.
          with musk, 157.
          with acetate of ammonia, 65.
          with opium, 204.
          with Hoffman's anodyne, 150.
          cinchona, 172.
          with nitric acid, &c. 203.
          water  with  laudanum, &c.
           204.
          with magnesia, 225.
 Canella with aloes, 26.
 Carbonate of soda with  ipecacuanha,
              76.
           of soda with rhubarb, 223.
           of soda with magnesia, 223.
           of soda with gentian, 227.
           of potash with cochineal, 76.
           of potash, 87, 224.
           of  potash with  opium, &c.
             224, 226.
           of iron, 96, 157,172.
 Castor oil, 34.
          with spirits of turpentine, 35.
          enema of, 42.
 Catechu and alum, 202.
        injection of, 210.
        electuary, 204.
        mixture, 216.
        with logwood, 216.
 Castor with amber, 156.
       with asafoetida, 158.
 Cantharides, Dewees's tincture of, 92.
            with spirits of turpentine,
               111.
            liniment of, 113.
            with camphor, 133.
 Cataplasm, antiseptic, 119.
           of pepper, &c. 116.
           of mustard, 117.
           of garlic, 117.
           of yeast, 118.
           of carbon, 118.
           of iodine, 117.
           of salt, 118.
           of yest, 118.
           antiseptic, 119.
           resolvent, 119.
Caustics, 123.
Caustic potash, 123.
       lunar, 123.
Cayenne pepper and alcohol, 116.
Cayenne pepper infusion, 130.
                in pills, 132.
Charcoal, 29.
Chicken water, 235.
Chamomile infusion, 185.
Chiococca anguifuga, 57.
Chocolate, 233.
Chalk with opium, 222.
       with rhubarb, 222.
       mixture, 203,  224.
Cherry tree bark, 173.
Chloride of soda, lotion of, 218.
Chlorine fumigation, 87, 122.
Cider with parsley, &c, 48.
Cinchona, 170.
          with uva ursi, 55.
          with serpentaria, 171.
          with sulph. magnesia, 171.
          with cloves,  171.
          with camphor, 172.
          with Epsom salts, 159.
          extract of, with gentian, 173.
          electuary, 177.
          tincture of, 183.
          decoction of, 179,181.
          in Port wine, 181.
          with valerian, 184.
          extract of, enema of,  187.
          with lime  water, 216.
          extract of, 182.
          lotion, 219.
Cinchonia, 173.
Cinchonina, 181.
Citrate of ammonia, 67.
       of potash, 63.
Cicuta.  See Conium.
Cloves, 118.
Copaiva.  See Balsam.
Colchicum wine 39, 52.
          with  Epsom salts, 40.
          with  magnesia, 39.
          with  elaterium, &c, 41.
          with squills and tobacco, 50.
Cochineal with common salt, 96.
          with carb. potash, 76.
Confection of sulphur, 32.
Conium with tolu, paregoric, &c, 75.
        with ipecacuanha, 71.
        with hyoscyamus, 143.
        extract of,  144.
        with  calomel, 145.
        with  squills,  72.
        infusion  of, 152.
Collyrium, opiate, 205.
          of alum, &c., 205.
          of vinegar, 206.
          of acetate of ammonia and
             camphor, 206. 
254
INDEX.
Collyrium, of acetate of ammonia and
             opium, 206.
           of sulphate of copper, 207.
           of corrosive sublimate, 207.
           of opium and camphor, 207.
           of poppies, 207.
           of nitrate of silver, 208.
           of sugar, 205.
           of mercury, 205.
           of dry opium, 205.
           of acetate  of zinc, 206,
           of acetate  of lead, 206.
           of ioduret of potassium, 206.
           of strychnine, 208.
           emolient, 208.
           anodyne, 208.
           of colchicum, 208.
Colocynth with calomel, 33.
          with antimony,  &c, 33, 34.
Confection of sulphur, 33.
          of opium, 160.
Corrosive sublimate and  lime water,
                       126.
                   pills, 161.
                   with hemlock, 162.
                   mixture of, 165.
                   solution  of,  165,
                     166.
                   collyrium of,  207.
                   injection of; 210.
Cowhage electuary, 97.
Coxe's hive sirup, 23,  75.
Copper, sulphate of, 175.
       ammoniuret of 174, 178.
       sulph. of, with bole, 211.
       sulphate, collyrium of, 207.
       antidotes of, 242.
Cough lozenges, 73.
       mixture, 74.
Columbo with ginger, 172, 183.
         with rhubarb, 172, 183.
         with magnesia, 223.
         mixture of, 226.
Croton oil, pills of, 31.
          mixture of, 36.
          with potash, 36.
Cream of tartar in solution, 48.
              with juniper berries, 49.
              and sulphur, 27.
Creosote liniment, 115.
         ointment, 112.
         pills, 202.
         mixture, 203.
         alcoholic solution of, 203.
Crabs' claws  with rhubarb, 195.
Cretaceous powder and opium, 222.
Cubebs with  copaiva, 53.
       with ergot, 47.
Cubebs lozenges, 75.
       with bismuth, 134.
       with carb. of soda, 134.
Cyanide of potassium, 83.
        of mercury, 163.

                 D.

Dandelion, infusion of, 55.
           pills, 47.
           with blue mass, 47.
Denarcotized laudanum, 150.
Decoction of burdock, 67.
          of cainca, 51.
          of pipsisseway, 55.
          of madder, 91.
          of cantharides, 111.
          of mezereon, 67.
          of lobelia, 67.
          of sarsaparilla, 68.
          of barley, 229.
          of barley, with nitre, 69.
          of Iceland moss, 81.
          of seneka root, 84, 90.
          of aloes, 39.
          of Geoffrea bark, 98.
          of pomegranate, 100.
          of  turpentine and  cantha-
             rides,  111.
          of sponge, 193.
          of bitter sweet, 152.
          of stramonium, in milk, 153.
          of cinchona 179.
          of cinchona  with valerian,
            184.
          of Augustura bark, 185.
          of wild cherry bark, 185.
          of dogwood, 186.
          of bran, 229.
Dewees's tincture of guaiacum, 92.
         tincture of cantharides, 94.
         carminative, 35.
Deuto-iodide of mercury, 132, 168.
Dietetic preparations, 228.
Digitalis with opium and calomel, 46.
         with squills and colomel, 47.
         and acetate of potash, 51.
         tincture of, with opium, &c,
           77.
         with opium, 144.
         tincture of, 151.
         infusion and tincture of, 50.
Diaphoretics, 59.
Diuretics, 45.
Diuretic drops of Ferriar, 49.
        liniment 51.
Doses of laudanum, 147.
Dover's powders, 61. 
IND
Dogwood bark, infusion of, 186.
Dulcamara, decoction of, 152,
Dupuytren's antisipiiilitic pills, 162.
Dyspeptic lie, 225.

               E.
255
Ergot decoction, 91.
      sirup of, 91.
Essence of beef, 235.
Escharotics, 123.
Ether with iodine, 128.
      with laudanum, 159.
Epectorants, 70.
Extract of hyoscyamus,  152.
       of stramonium, 143.
       of conium, 144.
       of belladonna, 152.
       of bark with  gentian, 173.
       of quassia and gentian, 173.
       of cinchona, &c, 187.
       of cinchona with alum, 216.
       of logwood with catechu, 188.
Euphorbia, oil of, 36.
                F.

Febrifuge bolus,  174.
Ferriar's hydragogue cathartic, 55.
Ferrocyanate of quinia, 180.
Fig electuary, 34.
Flaxseed infusion, 81.
Fothergill's pills, 33.
Fowler's solution in mixture, 182.
Fomentation, 119, 121.
Fumigation of chlorine, 87, 122.
           of tar, 85.
                G.

Gamboge with nitre, &c, 52.
         with jalap, &c, 26.
         with calomel, 95.
Garlic cataplasm, 117.
Gargle of galls and alcohol, 212.
       of oak bark, &c, 212.
       of sulphate of zinc, 213.
       of borax, &c, 213.
       of pomegranate, 214.
       of brandy, 212.
       of quinia, 213.
       of muriatic acid, 214.
       detergent, 214.
       mercurial, 215.
       acetous, 215.
       of acetate of lead, 215.
Galls, infusion of, 215, 217.
      sirup of, 217.
      ointment of, 220.
Gelatinous bath, 120.
Gentianin, 188.
Gentian with aloes, 31,  186.
        with magnesia, 56.
Effervescing draught, 64.
Elaterium with nitre and squills, 41.
Electuary of senna and figs, 34.
          of Jalap, nitre, &c, 41.
          of sulphur and senna, 42.
          of tin, 97.
          of cowhage, 97.
          of cinchona, iron, &c. 177.
          of catechu, 204.
Elixir paregoric, 151.
      vitriol with  sulph. of iron, 171.
Embrocations, 114.
Emetics, 18.
Emetina lozenges, 21, 74.
         solution of, 21.
Emmenagogues, 88.
Emulsion of phosphorus, 137.
Endermic use of medicines, 248.
Enema of castor oil, salts, &c, 43.
       of Epsom salts and oil, 43.
       of colocynth and  manna, 43.
       of spirit of turpentine, 43.
       of Epsom salts and senna, 44.
       of tartar emetic, 44.
       of tobacco, 44.
       of aloes, 100.
       of camphor, 100.
       of opium, 153.
       of laudanum, 154.
       of asafoetida, 159.
       of musk, 160.
       of extract of bark, &c, 187.
       of quinine, 187.
       of bark and lime  water, 216.
       of catechu  and lime water, 217.
       of sugar of lead, 217.
Epsom salts with tartar emetic, 28, 38.
            with   senna   and manna,
              38,  39.
            with nitric acid, 37.
            with colchicum, 40.
Epithem  of tincture of cantharides, 115.
                of camphor, and carb.
                  ammonia, 116.
                of acetate of lead, 218.
Epispastic ointment, 104.
Epispastics, 102.
Ergot, 89, 91.
      and cubebs, 47.
      powder of, 89.
      infusion, 91. 
256
INDEX.
Gentian with quassia, 176.
        with sulphuric acid, 182.
        infusion of, 188.
Geoffrea bark, 98.
Gold, nitro-muriate of, 177.
     antidotes of, 242.
Ginger draught, 136.
       with columbo, 172.
Goulard's  extract, 218.
Granville's ammoniated lotions, 106.
Griffith's myrrh mixture, 178.
Griffitts' pills, 28.
Gruel, water, 231.
       rice, 231.
Guaiacum  with aloes and rhubarb, 34.
          volatile tincture of, 92.
          with tartar emetic, &c, 65.
           Dewees's tincture of, 92.
          with camphor, 138.
Gum ammoniac mixture, 83.
                with squills, 77.
II.
Hartshorn jelly, 234.
Hellebore, tincture of, 92.
          with myrrh, &c, 92.
          with savin, 92.
Hemlock mixture, 146.
         See Conium.
Hive sirup, 23, 75.
Hiera picra, 27, 88, 94.
      tincture of, 94.
Honey with borax, 213.
Hoffman's anodyne, 158.
Hooper's pills, 50.
Hop, tincture ofr 149.
     infusion of, 186.
Hope's mixture, 204.
Huxham's tincture of bark, &c. 179.
Hydrogogue draught, 55.
Hydrocyanic acid, 81, 82.
Hydrocyanate of potash, 83.
Hyoscyamus with ipecac, 143.
             with turpentine, 98.
             with conium, 143.
             Dills of, 143.
             infusion of, 142.
             and myrrh, 73.
Hydriodate of potash, 91.
                     ointment of, 109
Hydragogne draught, 52.
Hydrated peroxide of iron, 240.

                I & J.

Jalap with cream of tartar, 26, 41.
      with gamboge, 26.
Jalap with extr. of butternut, 32.
      with squills, 49.
Iceland moss, 80.
Inhalation, 84.
Infusion of parsley, 49.
        of juniper berries, &c, 49.
        of digitalis, 50.
        of digitalis with tine, digit, 50.
        of uva ursi, 52.
        of senega, 74.
        of flaxseed, 81.
        of ergot, 90.
        of pink root, 98.
        of wild cherry bark, 185.
        of gentian with magnesia, 56.
        of boneset, 68, 179, 186.
        of pleurisy root, 63.
        of pipsisseway, 69.
        of malt, 230.
        of flaxseed 80.
        of dandelion, 53.
        of pink root, 96.
        of galls, &c, 215.
        of sassafras, 126.
        of logwood, 215.
        of Cayenne pepper, 139.
        of cloves, 139.
        of ginger, 140.
         of conium, 152.
        of hyoscyamus, 152.
         of columbo and ginger, 172.
        of quassia, 134.
         of chamomile, 185.
        of serpentaria, 185.
        of hops, 186.
        of cinchona with lime water,
           187.
         of gentian, 188.
         of seneka with ipecac, &c 74.
Injections per anum.   See Enemata.
         for gonorrhoea, 209.
Injection of ammoniuret of copper, 212.
         of sulphate of zinc, 210.
         of corrosive sublimate, 210.
         of same with mur. ammonia,
           211.
         of acetate of  zinc, 211.
         of sulphate of zinc and bole,
           211.
         of sulph. of copper, 211.
         of tea, 212.
         for the ear, viz.
         of  pyroligneous  acid,  &c,
           209, 210.
         of infusion of catechu, 210.
         of Peruvian  balsam and Ox-
           gall, 210.
 Iodate of zinc, ointment of, 109. 
INDEX.
257
 Iodate of zinc, 109.
 Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassium, 191.
 Iodine, tincture of, 93. 190.
        ointment, 110.
        liniment, 110.
        ethereal tincture of, 189.
        compound tincture of, 189.
        endermic use of, 250.
        and calomel, 108.
        waters, 191.
        inhalation, 87.
        cataplasm, 117.
 Iodide of potassium, 93. 189. 190.
                     ointment of, 110.
        of arsenic, 111.
        of sulphur, 111.
        of mercury, 163.
        of iron, 190.
 Ioduretted iodide of potassium, 190,191.
           ether, 191.
           waters, 192.
 Ipecacuanha, 18. 22.
             with tartar emetic, 18. 19.
             with rhubarb, 19.
             with squills, 21.
             with aloes, 32.
             with calomel and  opium,
              60, 61.
             with guaiacum, nitre, &c,
              60.
            with myrrh, 70.
            pills, 73.
            with hyoscyamus, 143.
            wine with antimony, 19.
 Iron,  sulphate  of.   See  Sulphate  of
         Iron.
       muriate of, with aloes, 94.
       carbonate of, 96.
       prussiate of, with guaiacum, 173.
       iodide, 190.
       arseniate of, 197.
 Issues and setons, 128.
 Juniper berries, &.c, in cider, 49.
              with cream of tartar, 49.
              oil, 50.

                 K.

 Kentish ointment, 112.
 Kino with alum, 200.
     with opium, 204.
 Kirkland's neutral cerate, 221.

                  L.

Lac sulphuris, 28.
    ammoniac, 80.
Lactucarium, 142.

             33
 Laudanum, graduated doses of, 147.
            with  spirits  of turpentine,
              150.
            denarcotized, 150.
            enema, 154.
            with ether, 159.
            antidotes of, 242.
 Laffecteur,  rob antisyphilitic of, 66.
 Lemonade, 230.
 Lead, acetate of, with calomel, 177.
      acetate, collyrium of, 206.
      acetate, antidotes of, 243.
 Lime water with alcohol, (lotion,) 218.
            with carbonate of potash,
              58.
            with  corrosive sublimate,
              126.
            with calomel, 127.
            with cinchona, 216.
            with  chatechu,  (enema,)
              217.
            and zinc, (lotion,) 218.
            and linseed oil, 218.
            with milk, 224.
 Liquorice with guaiacum, &c, 59.
 Lithontriptics, 56.
 Liniment, of ammonia and turpentine,
            105.
          with camphor, 113.
          with 6oap, 113.
          of oil of amber, 116.
          with ammonia and oil, 113.
          of creosote, 115.
          of oil of amber, 116.
          with ammonia  and  tartar
            emetic, 106.
          of cantharides, 113.
          of opium, 114.
          of tar, 115.
 Linctus, white, 76.
        of spt. of turpentine, 137.
 Lozenges, of emetina, 21.
          of liquorice, opium, &c, 73.
 Logwood, infusion of, 215, 216.
 Lotion of lime water, zinc, &c„ 218.
      of same and alcohol, 218.
      of myrrh, 127.
      antipsoric, 127.
 Lobelia, 67.  22.
        inflata, 22.
 Lugol's  iodine ointment, 110.
 Lupulin pills, 142.
        tincture of, 149.
 Lunar caustic, 123.

                M.

Magnesia with rhubarb, 25. 38. 
258
INDEX.
Magnesia opium and asafotida, 35.
          with sulphur, 27.
          with Epsom salts, 37.
          with colchicum wine, 52.
          with infusion of gentian, 58.
          with fennel seed, 223.
          with carbonate of soda, 223.
          with columbo, 223.
          with aqua ammonia, 225.
Madder, 89. 91.
Marsh-reed grass, 66.
Male fern, 96.
Malt, infusion of, 230.
Mezereon, 67.
Mercury,  acetate of, 162.
          sulphuret of,  with  serpenta-
            ria, 62.
          with  chalk and ipecacuanha,
            164.
          sulphate of, 164.
          red oxide of, 165.
          protoiodide of, 109. 163.
          cyanide of, 112. 162.
          deuto-iodide of,  13:2.
          cyanuret of, 169.
          antidotes of, 243.
Mercurial plaster, 104.
          ointment with camphor, 166.
          cerate, 112.
          solution, 165.
          gargle, 215.
          pills, 164.
          ointment, 166.
          lotion, 167.
          collyrium, 178.
Mineral acids, 124.  198.
Morphia with tolu, 84.
        sulphate of, 142.
        acetate of, 142.
Mosely's solution, 21.
Monesia, 204.
Moxa, 125.
Mucilage  of starch, 235.
Mustard draught, 21.
        cataplasm, 117.
        fomentation, 122.
        seed, 138.
        whey, 139.
Muriatic acid and barley water, 58.
             with nitric acid, 189.
             linctus of, 214.
Muriate of barytes, 69.
        of iron with aloes, &c, 94.
        of iron, tincture of, 183.
        of soda with cochineal, 93.
        of ammonia with arsenic, &c,
          175.
        of ammonia with iron,&c 164.
Muriate of ammonia, injection of, 211.
Muriated tincture of iron, 183.
Mugwort, 125.
Musk and camphor pills, 156.
      with sub-carbonate of ammonia,
         157.
      enema, 160.
      mixture, 158.
Myrrh with henbane, 73.
       with sulphate of iron, 89.
       with hellebore, 89.
       with ipecacuanha, 70.
       lotion, 127.
       with camphor, 137.
       mixture, Griffith's, 178.
       with zinc, 71.
N.
Narcotics, 141.
          antidotes of, 241.
Neutral mixture, 62, 63.
        certate,  Kirkland's, 221.
Nitric acid with Epsom salts, 37.
      acid diluted, 198.
      lac ammoniac, 80.
      with camphor, 203.
Nitrate of silver, 123.
        of silver, pills of, 177.
        of silver, collyrium of, 208.
        of potash with tartar emetic, 59.
       of potash with guaiacum, &c,
          60. 65.
Nitre with barley water, 69.
      antidotes of, 244.
      with calomel and ipecacuanha, 71
Nitro-muriatic acid,  198.
Nitro-muriate of gold, 177.
Nitrous powders, 59. 62.
        acid with laudanum, 167.
Nut galls, infusion of, 215.
Nux vomica powders, 145.
            resin of, 145.
            tincture of, 146.
                 O.

Oak bark gargle, 212.
Oil of amber with tolu, 76.
   of juniper, 50.
   of turpentine, 58. 137. 150.
   of wormseed,  99.
   camphorated,  115.
           liniment, 116.
Ointment of tartar emetic, 105.
          of arsenic,  113. 
INDEX.
259
 Ointment of red precipitate, 126.
           of white precipitate, 126.
           of iodine and calomel, 108.
           of iodide of zinc,  109.
           of hydriodate of potash, 109.
           of iodine and potassium, 109,
             110.
           of ioduretted iodide of potas-
             sium, 110.
           of iodide of arsenic, 111.
           of cyanide and mercury, 110,
             111.
           of iodide of sulphur, 111.
           of bromium, 111.
           of creosote, 112.
           of belladonna, 112.
           of sulphur, 112.
           Kentish, 111.
           of gall nuts, 220.
           of oxide of zinc, 220.
           of rhubarb and opium, 220.
           of tar and opium, 221.
           comp. and sulph. 221.
           of  protoiodide of mercury,
             109.
           of iodide of zinc, 109.
           of belladonna,  152.
           of alum and calomel, 220.
 Oleaginous mixture, 34.
 Olive oil with ammonia,  99.
 Opium with nitre, &c, 60.
        with guaiacum, nitre, &c, 60.
        with ipecacuanha, &c, 61.
        with calomel and ipecacuanha,
          61.
        with camphor, &c, 204.
        liniment, 114.
        with soap in pills, 141.
        with hyoscyamus, 142.
        with digitalis, 46. 144.
        enema, 153.
        with lime water,  154.
        suppository, 154.
        plaster, 154.
        with acetate of lead, 201, 202.
        antidotes  of, 211.
        with quinia and calomel, 196.
 Opiate confection, 144. 160.
       mixture, 146.
       collyrium, 147.
       enema, 153.
 Oxide of bismuth, 175,
      of zinc, 176.218.
      of arsenic, 124.
      of zinc, ointment of, 220.
Oxalic acid, antidotes of, 245.
Paregoric with cicuta, &c. 75.
          with squills, 74.
          elixir, 151.
Parsley infusion, 49.
Panado, 231.
Pea issue, 129.
Peruvian bark.  See Cinchona.
         balsam for the ear, 210.
Pellitory, 16G.
Pectoral mixture, 82.
Phosphoric acid, 126.
Phosphorous emulsion, 137.
Phosphate of soda, 28.
Pipsisseway, 55.
Piperina with gentian, 175.
Pink root with calomel, 95.
          with savin, 96.
          infusion, 98.
Plummer's pills, 64.
Pleurisy root, 68.
Plaster, warm, 119.
        of mercury, 104.
        of opium,  154.
        of mercurial ointment, &c. 104.
        of tartar emetic, 105.
Poppies, collyrium of, 207.
Pomegranate bark, 100.
             gargle, 214.
Potash, sub-carb. of, with lime water,
         58.
       caustic,  114.
Potassium, cyanide of, 83. 113.
          iodide of, 190.
Pommade ammoniacale, 107.
Poultices.  See Cataplasm.
Poisons, 238.
Protoiodide of mercury  with morphia,
  129.
Protoiodide of mercury,  109. 163.
Prunes, decoction of, 38.
Prussic acid solution,  81, 82.
           mixture, 82.
Prussiate of iron and guaiacum, 173.
Pyroligneous acid,  209.
                  mixture of, 182.
                 Q.

(Quassia, infusion of, &c. 184.
        pills of extract of, 176.
        with  ammoniuret of copper,
           165.
        with serpentaria,  172. 
)EX.
260
Quinia pills, 173.
       with  carbonate  of ammonia,
           174.
       in sirup, 179.
       in mixture, 180.
       with calomel, .fcc 196.
       with blue mass, <fcc 197.
       enema, 187.
       gargle, 213.
                 R.

Red precipitate ointment, 168.
Rhatany root, 202. 217.
Rhubarb with calomel, 25, 26.
         with soap, 29, 30.
         with aloes, 31.
         with sulphate of iron, 30.
         with magnesia, 26.
         with ipecacuanha, 128.
         with columbo, 170.
         with opium, (ointment,) 220.
         with chalk, 222.
         with carbonate  of soda, 223.
Rennet whey, 236.
Rice water, 229.
     gruel, 231.
Rob antisyphilitique of Laffecteur, 66.
Rubefacients, 104.
                 S.

Sage tea, 230.
Saline mixture, 62.
Sarsaparilla decoction, 68.
            with senna, &c 66.
            beer, 236.
Sago, 232.
Sal aeratus with Seltzer water, 57.
Salep powders, 232.
Salicine, 173.
Savin with ginger, &c 89.
     with  cantharides, 89.
     with hellebore, 92.
     with  pink root, 93.
     with acetate of copper, 128.
Sassafras infusion, 126.
Scuddamore's gout mixture, 40.
Seltzer water, 55.
Serpentaria with sulphuret of mercury,
             63.
            infusion  of, 185.
Secale cornutum, 89. 91.
Setons, 128, 129.
Senna with figs, 34.
      with manna and salts, 37.
Senna, infusion of, 38.
      infusion of, with rhubarb, 38.
      with pink root, 95.
Serpentaria, 185.
Seneka with squills, 23.
       infusion, 74.
       in decoction, 84.  90.
Seidlitz powders, 28.
Sialagogues, 161.
Sirup of galls and brandy, 189.
Snake root, Virginia.  See Serpentaria.
Soap pills, 57.
     liniment, 113.
Soda, carbonate of, with gentian, 199.
     chloride of, (lotion,) 191.
     solutio vitriolica, 21.
     phosphate of, 28.
     sub-carb. of, with copaiva, 57.
Sponge, burnt, 193.
Spurge, 36.
Spermaceti mixture, 80.
Spirits of turpentine, 58.
                    with castor oil, 36.
                    enema of, 43.
                    mixture of, 50.
                      124.
                    with   hartshorn,
                      100.
                    with ether, 100.
                    with cantharides,
                      105.
                    with   laudanum,
                      «fec 137. 150.
                    linctus of, 137.
Spice plaster, 117.
Spurred rye, 89. 91.
Starch, mucilage of, 235.
Strychnia pills, 145.
          tincture of, 145.
          draught of, 146.
          acetate of, 193.
          collyrium, 208.
Stramonium, extract of, 143. 153.
Stimulants, 132.
Squills with potash, 45.
       with morphia, 83.
       with calomel, 47.
       with calomel and  digitalis, 47.
       with paregoric, &c. 74.
       with colchicum and tobacco, 49.
       with carbonate of potash,  &c.
         51.
       with cicuta, &c. 72.
       with calomel and  ammoniac, 72.
       with calomel, opium, &c. 73.
       with seneka, 22.
Steel  filings, 176. 
INDEX.
261
Sub-carbonate of potash.  See Carbo-1
  nate of Potash.
Sugar of lead.  See Acetate of Lead.
Sulphate of copper, 19. 175. 201. 217.
         of copper, pills  of, 175.
         of copper with bole, 211.
         of copper, collyrium of, 207.
         of copper, injection of, 211.
         of zinc, 19. 21.
         of zinc with alum, 20.
         of zinc with myrrh, 71.
         of zinc in pills, 72.
         of zinc, (injection,) 210.
         of zinc, (gargle,)  214.
         of zinc with bole, (injection,)
           211.
         of potash with  rhubarb, 27.
         of potash with  opium, &c. 60.
         of  magnesia.    See  Epsom
           Salts.
         of alumine with kino, 200.
         of alumine with opium, 201.
         of morphia, 142.
         of iron with senna, jalap, &c.
           90.
         of iron with aloes, &c. 90.
         of  iron with extract of bark,
            &c. 172.
         of  iron with  sulphuric acid,
            184.
         of quinia.  See Quinia,
 Sulphur and magnesia, 27.
         confection of, 32.
        electuary, 42.
        ointment, (aromatic,) 221.
 Sulphuric acid mixture, 178.
 Suet ptisan, 235.
 Supertartrate of potash.   See Cream of
   Tartar.
 Sulphuret of antimony,  61.
           of mercury, 63.
           of potash, lotion  of, 219
 Sulphurous water, 120.
 Sulphureo-gelatinous bath, 120.
 Sublimate bath, 121.
 Suppository of opium, 144. .'
 Sweet spirits of nitre, &c. 64.
 Swaim's panacea, 66.
T.
Tapioca jelly, 232.
Tartar emetic solution, 20.
              and quinine, 20.
              enema, 43.
              with nitre and calomel,
                59.
Tartar emetic with camphor and opium,
               63.
             plaster, 105.
             pills, 72.
             ointment, 105.
Tartar whey, 236.
       salt of.  See Carbonate of Pot-
         ash.
Tar liniment, 115.
    ointment, 220, 221.
    pills, 72.
    water, 79.
    fumigation, 85.
Tannin pills, 203.
Tea injection, 212.
Tin electuary,  97.
    antidotes of, 246.
Tincture of tolu  with antimonial wine,
           64.  78.
         of iodine, 93.
         of blood-root, 77.
         of guaiacum, 92.
         of digitalis, 77. 141.
         of bark with  citrate of potash,
           166.
         of bark, 170.
         of muriate of iron, 170.
         of catechu, (mixture,) 189.
Tolu with digitalis, 79.
      with ammoniac,  84.
      with asafoetida, 77.
      with amber oil, 76.
      inhalation of, 84.
      with morphia, 84.
      inhalation, 85.
      with belladonne, 80.
Tobacco fomentation,  122.
         poultice, 23.
         enema,  44.
         with  squills  and colchicum,
           49.
Tonics, 170.
Turpentine pills, 48. 98. 132.
           and cantharides, 111. 1.
           mixture, 34,35.137.
           oil of.  See Spirits of Tur-
              pentine.

                  U.

 Uva ursi with  soda, 46.
          with  cinchona, &c. 55.
          infusion, 52.
Valerian with cinchona, 184.
         with carb. of iron, 157. 
262
 Valerian bolus, 157.
         with musk and camphor, 158.
         with Hoffman's anodyne, 158,
           159.
 Veratrina, tincture  pills, and ointment
   of, 40, 41.
 Vegetable soup, 233.
 Vermifuges, 95.
 Vermifuge bolus, 97.
 Venice turpentine pills, 96.
 Vitriol, blue.   See Sulphate of Copper
 Verdigris, powder of, 127.
 Vinegar collyrium, 206.
        whey, 236.
        draught, 184.
Volatile tinct. q* guaiac. 92.
                 W.

Warm plaster, 119.
Water gruel, 231.
Warner's cordial, 39.
White's precipitate ointment, 115.
Whey, alum, 216.
       wine, 139.
       rennet, 236.
EX.
Whey, tartar, 236.
       vinegar, 236.
Wine of ipecacuanha with antimony,
         19.
      of colchicum, 39. 52.
      whey,  139.
      mixture, 140.
      of opium, 151.
Wistar's cough lozenges, 73.
Wild cherry bark, 185.
Wormseed  oil, 99.
Worm tea,  98.

                 Y.

Yest poultice, 118.
Yellow wash, 126.
                 Z.

Zinc, pills of oxide of, 176. 218.
     sulphate of, 210.
     antidotes of, 246.
     acetate of,  (collyrium,) 206.
     iodide of, 109.
     ointment of, 220.
THE END. 
Lea Sf Blanchard have lately published.
        NEW  REMEDIES,
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                                   A

                NAVAL   HISTORY
                                  OF

THE   UNITED    STATES,
              BY J. FENIMORE  COOPER, ESQ.
      IN TWO HANDSOME VOLUMES

A new edition revised and correcl
  We have pursued this history with no little
curiosity and with great interest.  Consider-
ing the brief existence of the  American ma-
rine, its  annals are more eventful, more ro-
mantic, and  more various, than any in exis-
tence.  Nothing can surpass the energy which
enabled the United States to form an effective
navy, at a time when they could  hardly be
said to have had a political  existence, and
when they were beset by greater  difficulties
than any which an infant nation had ever yet
to encounter.  This  consideration  has  ani-
mated the present historian, whose enthusiasm
seems to be kindled by his office of chronicler,
even more than when he formerly  sought in-
spirations from the same sourse in  construc-
ting his famous stories of the sea.  His na-
tional pride has, however, not tempted him to
be, after the manner of his countrymen, vain-
glorious  as  regards his  own nntion,  and
abusive  towards others. His work, accor-
dingly, is more fair and candid than could
have been expected on such a theme from an
American pen.  Altogether this history is a
valuable one, and cannot fail to pass into uni-
versal circulation.  The incidents which took
place in  the naval war  with Tripoli, are
grander  and more heroic than any thing in
the circle of romance, and are detailed with
all the vigor and  animation of Mr. Cooper's
genius.—British Naval and Military Maga-
zine.
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States from the earliest period of its exist-
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,  BOUND IN EMBOSSED CLOTH.

ted with an index to the volumes.

 all its discouragements,  reverses, trials and
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 living writer.  The task has been  so per-
 formed as to leave  nothing to desire.  No
 work of higher interest  has been published
 in the  United States for many years.  The
 theme is one which Mr. Cooper seems to treat
 con amore and for which his early  life and
 education fitted him, above all other men.
 If we are not mistaken, the publication of
 this book is calculated to heighten the already
 exalted estimate  in which the Navy is held,
 and to  render it still more, if possible, a fa-
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 has, at all times, given full credit to the offi-
 cers and crews of the vessels whose victories,
 during the late war, shed so much  renown
 upon our arms, he has not been  guilty of the
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 tion would scarcely have  avoided, of indulg-
 ing a vainglorious spirit and a disparaging
 tone in  reference to our great rival upon the
 ocean.  The  glories of  American  victories
 are fully portrayed, whilst, at the same time,
 care is taken,  in every case to exhibit a fair
 and impartial estimate of the strength and
 appointments of antagonists' vessels or fleets.
 In this way the work acquires the credit due
 to a grave and impartial history.  The book
 is splendidly  published by Lea and Blanch-
 ard.—Baltimore Chronicle. 
4                        MISCELLa.Hjv

 SCOTT'S POETICAL WORKS.

A fine edition in  Six  Volumes, Royal
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               THE

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    MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF

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two volumes octavo, done up in embossed cloth, or
bound up in leather.
  We have  here a recurrence  of  that
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world, which was wont to attend the ap-
pearance of each new  " Waverly novel."
The voice of the mighty minstrel  again
rises, as it were, from  the grave, and we
cease for a time in the midst of the anxious
and feverish contentions of faction, to listen
to the tones which delighted and astonished
our early years.—Dundee Chronicle.
To match the above, a new and complete
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          GEOGRAPHY.
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TIMES  OF  THE FRENCH REVO-
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And an Essay on  his Life and Genius,
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the thanks of the present generation, and the
gratitude of posterity, for being the first to
prepare in this language what deserves to be
called, not the Encyclopaedia Americana, but
The I'liopLK'sLiisHAuy."—New York Courier
and Inquirer.
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              RICANA.
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brought down to the Present Time, and
including a copious Collection of Origi-
nal Articles in American Biography;  on
the basis of the Seventh  Edition of the
German Conversations-Lexicon. Edit-
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ward Wigglesworth  and  T.  G.  Brad-
ford,  Esq's"   In  Thirteen  Large Vo-
lumes, Octavos
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   HISTORICAL   SKETCHES  OF
STATESMEN  WHO FLOURISHED
IN  THE  TIMES OF  GEORGE  III.
BY  LORD BROUGHAM.   First  and
second series.   In 4 vols. 12mo.
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are  already familiar  with  these  powerful
sketches of the great English Statesmen and
Orators of the past generation; written by one
who is himself, perhaps, the greatest states-
man and orator of this.   They who have read
them, will need no urging to read them again,
and those who have not, will require no other
inducement than the author's name.  These
sketches deserve to be studied alike for the
strength and purity of the style, and the vir
gorous thought and deep interest of the mat-
ter."—Ev. Gazelle.
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thor, in 2 volumes, 12mo.
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the  most celebrated speeches and writings of
Lord Brougham, but also to develope.'in a
gradual manner, the particular mind and ge-
nius of the man.  This design is well carried
out, and we arise from the earnest perusal of
the  book with our opinion, strengthened,^ 
8                           MISCELLANI

possible, in regard to the extraordinary cha-
racter and exceeding vigour of the intellect
discussed. Perhaps, however, the best por-
tion of the work  is embodied in the Prefa-
tory Memoir, which contains more complete,
accurate,  and satisfactory information about
his Lordship, both in his  public and private
life, than  any thing of the kind hitherto pub-
lished.—Gentleman's Magazine.


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   A Selection of the  Speeches of Lord
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   A CONTINUATION OF THE DIA-
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TIMES  OF GEORGE  IV., interspersed
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arrz op the gzah;
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of 1829—30.  By Thomas Raikes, Esq.  In
two vols. l2mo.
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THE  POETIC WREATH.

   Consisting of Select  Passages from
the   Works  of English  Poets,  from
Chaucer to Wordsworth, Alphabetical-
ly arranged, with Twenty-six Beautiful
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tracts, and to furnish at the same time speci-
mens of the authors from whose works they
are selected. A more delightful little volume,
or one better calculated to grace the centre
table or  the private library, has not been ex-
amined  by us for many a day.—Pennsyl-
vanian Inquirer.


THE LANGUAGE OF FLOWERS.

  With  Illustrative Poetry.  To which  is
now first added, The  Calendar  of Flowers.
Revised by the Editor of "Forget Me Not."
A New  Edition, with New Plates.
  Handsomely done up in embossed leather
and gilt edges.


  THE   SENTIMENT  OF
           FLOWERS;

  Or, Language of Flora.  Embracing  an
account of nearly 300 Different Flowers, with
their powers in language.  With Coloured
Plates.  A small volume in embossed cloth.

  POCKET  Ij A C O IV.

      In iwo handsome volumes.

   The  Pocket  Lacon, comprising near
one thousand extracts from the best au-
thors, selected by John  Taylor.
  A work that, dip where the reader may, he
will find a fund of knowledge: and which  he
may continue to  peruse, lay down and take
up at pleasure, without breaking the thready.,
or interrupting the chain of.reasoning. 
PUELISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.                     9
  These volumes illustrate the advantage of
a practice which we have never had the pa-
tience to adopt, viz: that of keeping a com-
mon-place  book.  The compiler  has read
largely, and to  good purpose; and has read
much that we like to read—that is, among the
old authors.  Adopting the practice of noting
the  best thoughts of the best writers of all
ages; in their own words, he has collected a
casket of literary gems which he spreads out
before us with lavish profusion, and at small
price.—American.
  MRS.  HEMANS  MEMOIRS.

  Memoir of the Life and Writings of
Mrs.  Hemans.  By  her   sister,  Mrs.
Hughes.
  The publishers deserve great praise for
the very handsome manner in which they
have got up this volume.  Its appearance is
as creditable as its contents are agreeable.
  The life of Mrs. Hemans by one who had
access to her at all times—one who was fa-
miliar with her  from her infancy upwards
—one who knew of all her sorrows and her
triumphs,  and who fully understood  the pe-
culiar organization of her mind, is, of course,
a book full of interest.   We have found it
eminently so, and we cordially recommend
it to all who cherish the  memory  of this
gifted woman.—Lady's Book.
THE  YOUNG   WIFE'S  BOOK.

A MANUAL OF RELIGIOUS. MORAL
     AND DOMESTIC DUTIES.
  A small volume bound in extra, with
plates engraved on steel.
 THE YOUNG HUSBAND'S BOOK.

  A Manual of the Duties, Moral,  Reli-
gious, and Domestic, imposed by the  Rela-
tions of Married Life.
  A small volume, bound in extra, with
plates engraved on steel.
LAWS OF  ETIQUETTE;

  Or, Rules and Reflections for Conduct in
Society.  By a Gentleman.
  A Small Pocket  Volume.   A work of
which many thousands have been sold.
  ETIQUETTE FOR THE LADIES.

  With  Hints on the Preservation,  Im-
provement, and Display of Female Beauty.
  A small  volume to match the Laws of
Etiquette.

THE CANNONS OF GOOD BREEDING;

   Or the Hand-Book of the Man of Fa-
shion, by the author of " The Laws of
Etiquette;" a small pocket volume  in
embossed  cloth.
  It is original;  written with remarkable
ease and elegance, most agreeably seasoned
with wit and anecdote; and while it lavs
down with  precision the laws of behaviour
in good society, it affords  a rich  treat of
pleasant  reading.
  " The truth  is, that the volume abounds
in good things.  We  may safely say  that,
in a compass so small, we never before met
with an equal radiancy of fine wit, so  well
commingled with scholar-like observation
and   profound  thought—thought  some-
times luminously logically, and always ele-
gantly expressed."—Gentleman's Maga-
zine.
 ADVICE TO A YOUNG GENTLEMAN.
   Upon Entering Society.  By the Author
 of the " Laws of Etiquette"  A small
 volume, in embossed cloth.
   This is  the work of an original, independ-
 ent and vigorous writer.  It is  in a much
 more serious and  earnest style than  the
 " Laws of Etiquette."  The same acuteness
 of perception, knowledge of human charac-
 ter and fine classical taste, characterise this
 work, of which were so conspicuous in the
 former.  As a monitor to the young gentle-
 man,on his entrance into society, it will be
 variously  estimated according to the pre-
 conceived notions of its readers; but one
 thing is certain, that  no young man can
 read it without learning much that will be
 useful to him in his intercourse with  man-
 kind.— Weekly Messenger.
  The book is replete with a worldly wis-
dom  even  profound ; it is the product of a
vigorous and cultivated mind embued with
a thorough knowledge of its subject, and
discussing it con amore.
  Among  the detailed precepts which form
 its body, there is, perhaps, little to be found
 which the  letters of Lord Chesterfield have
not already given.   But without  the offen-
sive heartlessness of these very  objection-
able  writings, the American work equals
them, at least, in all their reputable points
—in vigour of thought and diction, in acu-
men, in practicability and  in  evidences of
 worldly knowledge.—Gentleman s Maga-
zine. 
 10                        MISCELLAN

  MACKINTOSH'S  REVO-
            LUTIOiY.

  HISTORY OF THE REVOLUTION
IN ENGLAND,  IN KH8:  By the late
Right Hon. Sir James Mackintosh.   And
completed to the settlement of the crown,
by the editor.   In 1 vol. 8vo.

    SISRIONDI'S  ROME.

  SISMONDI'S,  History of the Fall of the
Roman Empire.  Comprising a view of the
Invasion of the Barbarians.  1 volume, Oc-
tavo.

A NEW HISTORY  OF  ROME.

  Principally from the German of Schlos-
ser,  Wachsmuth,  Heeren, Niebuhr, &c.
In 1 volume, Octavo.
  This work is well calculated for the high-
er classes in Seminaries, as well as for the
Library.
  " The book is an indispensable one, from
the complete coup-d'ceil which it presents
of Roman History illustrated  by  modern
lights; it is a very readable one, from the
closeness and rapidity of its march; and it
is a very extraordinary one, from  the im-
mense quantity of matter comprised  in so
small a compass."—Spectator.
  " We recommend this work very strong-
ly to the English reader, as being the first
compendium of Roman history yet published
in England, in which the early ages of the
Roman states have been exhibited in the
new and striking  light thrown upon  them
by the late researches and  speculations of
Niebuhr, Wachsmuth,  and other recent
German writers of eminence.  Such a work
has long been  much wanted, and we trust
it will be as extensively read as it deserves
to be."—Examiner.


  RAUMEK'S  ENGLAND.

         ENGLAND IN  1835.
  Being a Series of letters  written to
Friends in Germany, during  a Residence
in London and Excursions into the  Pro-
vinces.
  By Frederick  Von Raumer, Professor
of the History at University of Berlin.  In 1
Volume, Octavo.

  MOORE'S  IRELAND.

  A HISTORY OF IRELAND: by Tho-
mas Moore.  Complete in 1 volume 8vo.
           (In preparation.)
EOtTS BOOKS,

     LIFE OF R. H. LEE.
   MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF RICH-
 ARD  HENRY LEE.   Together with his
 Correspondence. By his Grandson Richard
 H. Lee.  In 2 vols. Octavo.

  LIFE  OF BAINBRIDGE.

   LTFE  AND SERVICES  OF COM-
 MODORE  WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE,
 UNITED STATES NAVY.
   By Thomas Harris, M. D., Surgeon Uni-
 ted States Navy, and Member of the Ame-
 rican Philosophical Society.
   With a Portait.  1 volume Octavo.

   MEMOIRS  OF  SIR  WILLIAM
     KNIGHTON, BART., G. C. II.
   Keeper of the Privy Purse  during the
 Reign of His Majesty  King  George the
 Fourth.   Including  his Correspondence
 with .many distinguished Personages.  By
 Lady Knighton.  In 1 volume Octavo.

    MEMOIRS OF CABOT.

   A MEMOIR OF  SEBASTIAN CA-
 BOT,  with a Review of the  History  of
 Maratime Discovery.  Illustrated by Docu-
 ments from the Rolls, now first published.
  " Put forth in the most unpretending man-
 ner, and  without a  name: this work is of
 paramount  importance  to the subjects of
 which it  treats."—Literary Gazette.

   IRVING'S  FLORIDA.

   THE CONQUEST OF FLORIDA BY
 HERNANDO DE  SOTO.
   By Theodore Irving, Esq. In 2 volumes,
 12mo.

 IRVINGS INDIAN SKETCH BOOK.

   Indian Sketches taken during an Expedi-
 tion to the Pawnee Tribes.  By John  T.
 Irving, Jun. 2 vols. 12mo.

   CAREY  ON  CREDIT.

  THE CREDIT SYSTEM OF FRANCE,
 GREAT BRIT1AN, &c. By H. C. Carey,
 Author of Principles of Political Economy,
 &c.
             CONTENTS.
   Chapter I.  Rise and  Progress of Credit
 —2. Of Credit in France—3.  Of Credit in
 England—4. Of Credit in the United States
 —5. Insecurity of Property and its Effects:
 England, France, United States—6. Fric- 
PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.                  11
tion: England,  France, Scotland, United
States—7. The United States in 1830-37
—8. England in 1835 and 1830—9. Con-
clusion.

CAREY  ON  CURRENCY'.

  ANSWERS  TO  THE QUESTIONS:
—What constitutes Currency'!   What are
the  causes  of  Unsteadiness of the Cur-
rency!  And what is the Remedy]  By H.
C. Carey.


          0 AX'S 7
                ON

POLITICAL  ECONOMY.
  PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECO-
NOMY.  Of the Laws of the  Production
and Distribution of Wealth.
  By H. C. Carey, Author of an Essay on
the Rate  of  Wages.  In 3 volumes Oc-
tavo.


   CAREY  OTWAGES.
  ESSAY ON THE RATE OF WAGES,
With an Examination of the Causes of the
Differences in  the  Condition of the La-
bouring Population throughout  the World.
  By H. C. Carey.  1  Volume.

GALLATIN ON BANKING.

  CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CUR-
RENCY AND  BANKING SYSTEM OF
THE  UNITED STATES.   By  Albert
Gallatin.

raguet  on Tree trade.

    THE   PRINGIPLES   OF   FREE
TRADE, illustrated  in a series of short and
familiar Essays. By  Condy Raguet, Esq. 1
vol. 8vo.

   LIFE  OF  JESUS,  &c.

  JESUS AND HIS  BIOGRAPHERS;
or the REMARKS  on the FOUR GOS-
PELS, revised  with copious additions, by
W. B. Furness. In 1 volume 8vo.
  To all who are acquainted with the clear-
ness, beauty and accuracy of style; the di-
ligent research, the logical strictness of ar-
gument, and  the profound  truthfulness of
Mr. Furness as  a writer, and especially as
an expositor of the Scriptures, nothing need
besaid to induce them to read with interest
and attention this work on the  Four Gos-
pels.  But we  would say to all who are
seeking for moral truth—for the light of
pure Christianity—thirsting for a real per-
 sonal knowledge of  the Lord Jesus Christ
 —and for a higher and  truer estimation of
 those matchless records, his gospel, turn ye
 to this book—pursue this most remarkable
 exposition, the work of a pure minded, able,
 truth loving man, with the same pure spirit
 and sincere desire after the truth, that ani-
 mates his pages, and ye will not find your
 labour in vain.—Evening Gazette.


 GEISLER'S TEXT BOOK.

  TEXT BOOK OF~ECCLESlASTICAL
 HISTORY.  By J. C. I. Geisler, Doctor of
 Philosophy and Theology, and Professor of
 Theology in Gottingen.
  Translated from the Third German Edi-
 tion, by  Francis Cunningham.   In 3  vols.
 8vo.
  Dr. Giesler's History is  very highly re-
 commended by gentlemen whose testimony
 to its value  will  have  great weight, viz:
 Professors Stuart and Emerson, of Andover;
 Hodge, of Princeton; Sears, of Newton; and
 Ware, of Cambridge.

  THE DISTRICT SCHOOL, OR NA-
 TIONAL EDUCATION.   By J. Orville
 Taylor.   The third  edition.
  •' The style of the ' District School' is simple, in-
 telligible, appropriate, correct and forcible; and the
 author displays much acquaintance with the condi-
 tion of common education.  We regard the general
 circulation of this work as highly desirable, for it
 will carry to every reader a large amount of import-
 ant truths, many sound views of education, and an
 incitement to exertion in its promotion, which must
 produce some good effects."—New-York Daily Adver-
 tiser.

    A  CABINET ATLAS

   THE FAMILY CABINET ATLAS,
 constructed upon an original plan : Be-
 ing a  Companion  to the  Encyclopae-
 dia Americana, Cabinet Cyclopaedia,
 Family Library, Cabinet Library, &c.
  This Atlas comprises, in a volume of the
 Family Library size, nearly 100 Maps and
 Tables, which present equal to fifty Thous-
 and Names of Places; a body of information
 three times as extensive as that supplied by
 the generality of Quarto Atlases.


  MISS  MARTINEAU.

  How to Observe—Morals and Manners.
 By  Miss Martineau.  1 volume, 12 mo.

    WALSH'S DIDACTICS.

  Didactic's Social, Literary, and Political.
 By  Robert Walsh, Esq.
  In 2  volumes, Royal 12mo.   Embossed
 cloth. 
          COATE'S   FAMILY   ADVISER.




                   POPULAR   MEDICINE;


                             OR, FAMILY  ADVISER.

 Consisting of Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene, with such Hints on the Prac-
   tice of Physic, Surgery, and the Diseases of Women and Children, as may prove useful in
   families when regular Physicians cannot be procured: Being a Companion and Guide for
   intelligent Principals of Manufactories,  Plantations, and Boarding Schools, Heads of Fa-
   milies, Masters  of Vessels, Missionaries, or Travellers; and a useful Sketch  for Young
   Men about commencing the Study of Medicine.

                           BY REYNELL COATES, M.  D.

 Fellow to the College of Physicians of Philadelphia—Honorary Member of the Philadelphia
   Medical Society—Correspondent of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York—Mem-
   ber of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia—Formerly Resident  Surgeon of
   the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c.


                           ASSISTED BY SEVERAL MEDICAL FRIENDS.

                                In one handsome volume.

  "It is with great satisfaction that we announce this truly valuable compilation, as the most complete
 and interesting treatise on Popular Medicine ever presented to the public.  Simple and unambitious in its
 language,  free from  technicalities, and embracing the most  important facts on Anatomy, Physiology
 and Hygiene, or the art of preserving health, and the treatment of those affections which require imme-
 diate attention, or are of an acute character, this should be in the hands of every one, more particularly
 of those who, by their situations are prevented  from resorting to the advice of a physician; nor would
 the careful perusal of its pages fail to profit the inhabitants of our cities, by giving them a more accurate
 knowledge of the structure of the human frame,  and of the laws that govern its various  functions, whose
 perfect integrity is absolutely essential to health,  and even to existence; the various systems of medical
charlatanry, daily imagined to take advantage of the credulity and ignorance of mankind, would be ren-
 dered far less prejudicial to the community than they now are. We would particularly direct  attention
to the Chapter on Hygiene, a science in itself of the utmost importance, and ably treated in the small space
allowed to it in this volume."—New York American.
A SERIES OF MEMOIRS of the STATES-
  MEN  of  the   ENGLISH  COMMON-
  WEALTH, commencing  with the Origin
  of the  Popular  Struggle,  in the reign of
  James  I., and closing at  the  Restoration.
  With  original  Portraits of  Elliot,  Pym,
  Hampden, Cromwell;  and  an  Historical
  scene, after a Picture, by Cattermole.  By
  John Forster  Esq., of the Inner Temple.
             (In preparation.)


TRAVELS IN EGYPT, by Prince Puckler
  Muskau,
              (In  preparation.)


 CONVERSATIONS  ON NATURE AND
                   ART.

   For the Use of Schools and Seminaries by
 a Lady.
  With  numerous wood  cuts  in  one  neat 12mo.
 volume, bound  in embossed cloth, and lettered in
 gold.
  This little work embodies a vast amount of useful,
 agreeable, and elegant information,  and  is full of
 truth and beauty.  It is illustrated with engravings —
 Saturday Chronicle.
  "The rich stores, which are freighted in the dis-
 course of Mrs. Fotescue with  Henrietta and  Fre-
 derick, are remarkable for the interest and import-
 ance, as well as the lucid and fascinating mode in
 which they are imparted,  n is an  invaluable as-
 sistant to the mother, who wishes to have useful and
 elevating converse with her little ones."
  "This is a valuable little volume  from the press
 of Lea & Blanchard, full of useful  information, and
 instructive to all  who wish  to acquire a knowledge
 of Nature and Art.  It  is embellished with nearly
 forty cuts, and the whole is well got up. It comes
 from a talented family, the authoress being the sister
 of Captain Marryat."


  CHITTY'S JURISPRUDENCE.

    CHITTY'S MEDICAL  JURISPRU-
 DENCE.  A  valuable  work  for  Lawyers
 or Physicians.  In royal 8vo.


   ADVENTURES OF AN ATTORNEY
 IN SEARCH OF PRACTICE, by the Au-
 thor of  Adventures of a  Gentleman  in
 Search of a Horse, 2 vols. 12mo.


      HERSCHEL'S PHILOSOPHY,

   Preliminary Discourse on the Objects, Ad-
 vantages, and  Pleasures of the Study  of Na-
 tural Philosophy.  By J. T. W. Herschel, A.
 M. Late  Fellow of St. John's College, Cam-
 bridge.

   "Without disparaging any other of the many in-
 teresting and instructive volumes issued in the form
 of cabinet and family libraries, it  is, perhaps, not
 too much to  place at the head of the list, for extent
 and variety of condensed information, Mr. Herschel's
 discourse of Natural  Philosophy in  Dr. Lardner'g
 Cyclopaedia."—Christian Observer.
   " The finest work of philosophical genius which
 this age has  seen."—Mackintosh's England.
   " Mr. Herschel's delightful volume.  * * *  We find
 scattered through the work instances of vivid and
 happy illustration, where the fancy is usefully called
 into action,  so  as sometimes to remind ug of tb#
 splendid pictures which crowd upon us in the style of
I Bacon."—Quarterly Review. . 
WASHINGTON  IRVING'S  WORKS.
THE  WORKS
WASHINGTON  IRVING,
EMBRACING
THE SKETCH BOOK,
KNICKERBOCKER'S  NEW
  YORK,
BRACEBRIDGE HALL,
TALES OF A TRAVELLER,
THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA,
THE ALHAMBRA,
A New and Beautiful Edition, in Two Royal Octavo Volumes, with a Portrait of the
                           the Author.
  THE  ROCKY  MOUNTAINS;   or
Scenes, Incidents and Adventures in the
Far West.
  Digested from the Journal of Capt. B. L.
Bonneville, of the Army of the U. States,
and illustrated from various  other sources.
By Washington Irving.
       With Two Large Maps.
         In Two Volumes.
 ASTORIA; or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise
Beyond the Rocky Mountains.  By Wash-
ington Irving.
  Handsomely bound in Two Volumes,
embossed cloth or in leather.
A History of the Life and Voyages of
Christopher  Columbus  By Washington
Irving.
  Revised and corrected by the Author.
      In Two Volumes,  Octavo.
NEW EDITIONS OF THE FOLLOW-
    ING WORKS MAY BE HAD
           SEPARATE.

  THE SKETCH BOOK, 2 vols. 12mo.
THE CRAYON MISCELLANY.
  By Washington Irving.  In 3 vols.
           Containing,
  A TOUR ON THE PRAIRIES.
  ARBOTSFORD  AND NEWSTEAD
    ARREY
  LEGENDS  OF  THE  CONQUEST
   OF SPAIN.
             2
KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY of
  NEW  YORK, revised and corrected.
  2 vols.  12mo.
BRACEBRIDGE HALL, or the HU-
  MORISTS, 2 vols. 12mo.
TALES of a TRAVELLER, 2 vols.
  12mo.

A CHRONICLE of the CONQUEST
  OF  GRENADA.  In 2 vols. 12mo.
THE ALHAMBRA; a series of Tales
  and Sketches of the Moors and Spa-
  niards.  In 2 vols. 12mo.
THE BEAUTIES OF WASHINGTON
            IRVING.
  A Small Volume for the Pocket, neatly
done up in extra cloth. 
COOPER'S   WORKS.
NAVAL   HISTORY.
or
       THE   UNITED   STATES.

A new Edition, Revised and Corrected with an Index to the Volumes.
                       In 2 volumes, 8vo.
GLEANINGS  IN   EUROPE,
             CONTAINING:
  SKETCHES OF  SWITZERLAND.
In 2 vols. 12mo.
  A RESIDENCE IN FRANCE, with
an Excursion up the Rhine, and a Second
Visit to Switzerland.  In 2 volumes 12mo.
  FRANCE, with Sketches of Parisian So-
ciety.   In 2 volumes, 12mo.
  ENGLAND, with Sketches of Society in
the Metropolis.  In 2 volumes 12mo.
  ITALY with Sketches of Society.  In
2 volumes 12mo.
                Now ready,

 THE   PATHFINDER,
                    OR
THE  INLAND  SEA.  In 2 vols. 12mo.
   THE  MONIKINS.    In  2 volumes
12mo.
  A new Edition of Homeward Bound; or,
the Chase. In 2 volumes 12mo.
  HOME AS FOUND, being a Sequal to
Homeward Bound.  In 2 vols. 12mo.
    PRECAUTION,

            A NOVEL.

  A new edition, revised  by the  Author.
In 2 volumes 12mo.
  This excellent novel, the first that issued
from the prolific pen of our admired coun-
tryman Cooper,  had  become extremely
scarce, if not entirely out of print.  It is
one of the very best productions of its au-
thor, and from the mountains of trash un-
der the titles of novelf, that have accumu-
lated of late years, it may be selected by
the youth of our country as worthy of their
perusal  for its amusing  story  and  pure
English style.—The  Lousianian.
  The great care which the author has be-
stowed upon this edition, is correcting the
errors and amending the faults?, of the ori-
ginal, will  be appreciated by every reader
with  whom "Precaution"  is an old ac-
quaintance.  It is now  much more worthy
of his time  and money.—Evening Gazelle
and Gallaxy.
NOVELS AND  TALES. IN TWENTY-SIX VOLUMES.
containing:
The Spy.           In 2 vols.
    Pioneers.             "
    Pilot.
    Prairie.              "
    Lionel Lincoln.        "
    Last of the Mohicans.  "
    Red Rover.           "
The Wept of the Wish-
         Ton-Wish.  In 2 vols.
    Water Witch.
    Bravo.                "
    Travelling Bachelor    "
    Heidenmauer.         "
    Headsman.            *'
Or any work may be had separate in boards. 
          WORKS   BY   BOZ.
  Illustrated editions of the following works by (BOZ) Charles Dickens, Esq.
printed on fine paper, and handsomely bound in embossed cloth to match.
  The plates are engraved by Yeager, and neatly printed on cream coloured
paper.
       THE  POSTHUMOUS  PAPERS  OF
         THE PI0Z7TI0K  OLTJB;
              WITH NUMEROUS DESIGNS,
                    ILLUSTRATED BY
     SAM WELLER JR., AND ALFRED CROWQUILL, ESQ.
     OLIVER  TWIST^
OR, THE PARISH BOY'S PROGRESS,
   WITH TWENTY-FOUR ILLUSTRATIONS;
          DESIGNED BY CRUIKSHANK.
SKETCHES  BY   BOZ;
Illustrative of Every-Day Life, and Every-Day People.
           A  NEW  EDITION,
    COMPRISING  BOTH THE SERIES;
    AND EMBELLISHED WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS,
           BY GEORGE CRUIKSHANK.
THE  LIFE  AND  ADVENTURES
        NICHOLAS  NICKLEBY,
   WITH THIRTY NINE ILLUSTRATIONS BY PHIZ;
                          AND
           A SPLENDID PORTRAIT OF THE AUTHOR.
 Cheap editions of the last three mentioned works may also be had, each work contain-
ing two plates.            IN PREPARATION.
       A new work by Boz, to be issued in numbers, to match the above. 
       AINSWORTHS NOVELS,  &c.

JACK    SHEPPARD,
A  NEW  ROMANCE
BY THE AUTHOR OF
" ROOKWOOD," " CRITCHTON," &c.

     In 2 vols. 12mo.  With Plates.
  " We are glad to welcome the whole of
Jack Sheppard at last.   It is  one of the
richest books  of  the  day.  W. H. Ains-
worth, the author of Jack Sheppard, has in
this work, established his reputation as a
fine delineator of low life. His novel is
second only to the works of the unrivalled
"Boz,"  for  the  deep  interest,  graphic
sketches of character, and striking views of
crime and its  inevitable consequences.
The hero of  the tale  is the original of
"Captain  Macheath," of  Beggar's Opera
celebrity."—Evening Gazette  $• Galaxy.
  "Jack Sheppard is so worthy of the hand
which gave us the famous Dick Turpin and
his Ride  to York, that we gladly step out
of our way to bid him welcome."—Literary
Gazette}
  " In every respect' Jack Sheppard' pro-
mises well.   He is full of interest, life, and
spirit.  The story is at once startling, im-
pressive, and pathetic."—Courier.
  " The scenes of' Jack Sheppard' are full
of spirit, incident and variety."—Spectator.
  "Full of that interest which Mr. Ains-
worth impairs to all the productions.  It
bids fare to  share that  undisputed sway
which ' Boz' has exercised in these pages."
— Weekly Chronicle.
  "The Author of 'Rookwood' has  here
struck out a new  vein in  fiction. 'Jack
Sheppard' will greatly  advance even the
present high reputation of Mr. Ainsworth."
—Naval and Military Gazette.
                 (In preparation,)
THE  TOWER OF LONDON, with Illustrations
GUY  FAVVKES, with Illustrations.
                 By Ainsworth.
           "SAM  SLICK  THE  CLOCKMAKER."

THE CLOCK-MAKER OR SAYINGS AND DOINGS  OF SAMUEL SLICK OF
  SLICKVILLE, First and second series in 2 vols. 12mo.

                    *** Either Series may be had separately.
  Sam Slick's shrewd observations and odd
quaint humour are admirable.—Athenceum.
  Full of spirit, originality and humour.—
Morning Chronicle.
  The humour of Mr. Slick is by far the
best thing of its kind we have ever  seen.
It is indeed truly delightful.  Such a book
as this stands in need of neither our praiee
nor recommendation.   It will make  its
own way; for  it is of the  right stuff.—
Scotsman.
  Sam Slick is one of the most sagacious
as well as amusing authors of his time and
  The author  of this work,  which has
furnished  the  newspapers  with  so many
bonne bouches in the way of extracts, is a
man of original genius and shrewd observa-
tion, with an inexhaustible vein of wit and
humour.—Dublin Mail.
  One of those genuinely original works
which  carry their  own letter of recom-
mendation, and are every where relished.—
Globe.
  A very clever  and characteristic work.
The humour is  rich and dry, the satire
broad and sharp, without ill-nature.—Spec-
tator.
country.—Atlas.
  THE BUBBLES IN CANADA, by Sam Slick, in 1 vol. 12mo.
  SAM SLICK'S LETTER BAG  of the  GREAT  WESTERN, or  LIFE in a
STEAMER, by the Author of " The Clockmaker," &c. &c.  In 1 vol. 12mo.
                              (In preparation,)
  SAM SLICK IN ENGLAND, By the Author of" The Clockmaker," &c. &c, 
BRIDGEWATER   TREATISES.
     Tm3 series of Treatises is published under the following circumstances:—
  The Right Honourable and Rev.'Francis Henry, Earl of-Bridgewater, died in the month of February,
 1825; he directed certain trustees therein named, to invest in the public funds, the sum of eight thousand
 pounds sterling; this sum, with the accruing dividends thereon, to be held at the disposal of the President,
 for the time being, of the Royal Society of London, to be paid to the person or persons nominated by him.
 The Testator farther directed, that the person or persons selected by the said President, should be appointed
 to write, print and publish  one thousand copies of a work, on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as
 manifested in the Creation; illustrating such work, by all reasonable arguments, as, for instance, the variety
 and formation of God's creatures in the Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral Kingdoms; the effect of digestion,
 and, thereby, of conversion; the construction of the hand of man, and an  infiinite variety of other argu-
 ments; as also by discoveries, ancient and modern", in arts, sciences, and the whole extent of literature.
  He desired, moreover, that the profits arising from tho scale of the woriis so published, should be paid to
 the authors of the works.
  The late  President of the Royal Society,  Davies Gilbert, Esq., requested the assistance of his Grace,
 the Archbishop of Canterbury, and of the Bishop of London, in determining upon the best  mode of carry-
 ing into effect, the intentions of the Testator.  Acting  with their advice, and with the concurrence of a no-
 bleman immediately connected with the deceased, Mr. Davies Gilbert appointed the following eight gentle-
 men to write separate Treatises in the different branches of the subjects here stated :—

 I. The Adaptation  of  External Nature to the  Moral and Intellectual Constitution of
     Man. By the Rev. Thomas Chalmers, D. D, Professor of Divinity in the University
     of Edinburgh.
 II. The Adaptation of External Nature fo the  Physical  Condition of Man, principally
     with reference to  the supply of his wants, and the exercise of his intellectual facul-
     ties.   By John Kidd, M. D, F. 11. &, Regius Professor of Medicine  in the Uni.
     versity of Oxford.
 III. Astronomy and General  Physics, considered with reference to Natural Theology.
     By the Rev.  Wm.  Wiiewell, M. A., F. R. S., Fellow of Trinity College, Can>

     bridge.
 IV. The Hand, its mechanism and vital endowments as evincing design, with numerous
     wood cuts.  By Sir Charles Bell, K. H. F. R. S.
 V. Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function  of Digestion, considered with reference
     to Natural Theology.  By Wm. Protjt,  M. D, F. P.. S.
 VI. The History, Habits, and. Instincts of Animals.   By  the Rev. Wm. Kirby, M. A..
    F. R. S., Illustrated by numerous engravings on copper.
 VII   /Vnimal  and Vegetable Physiology, considered with reference to Natural Theology.
    By Peter Mark Rojbt, M. D.   Illustrated with nearly 500 wood cuts.
 VIII.  Geoloo-y  and  Mineralogy considered with reference to  Natural Theology.  By
    the Rev  Wm. Buckland,  D. D, Canon of Christ  Church, and Reader  m Geology
    and Mineralogy in the University of Oxford.   With  e.ghty-nine copper-plates and

    large coloured  maps.

  The whole  series- forms a beautiful setof books, in seven  volumes octavo, and  to be had
 • u   i       i„ti-. r.r half hound with  calf backs and corners.

'" V ThcvolkofChalntera, B* »W. *- - Kidd' ™' ^  "ad "*"" "*"



8.0*. may also bo hod separate from tho sate of the work.
   -   '        2, 
18
WORKS ON SCIENCE, &C. &C.
HERSCHEL'S ASTRONOMY.
  A TREATISE  ON  ASTRONOMY.
By Sir  John F. W. Herschel., F. R. S., &c.
  A new  Edition,  with  a Preface and a
series of Questions  for the examination of
Students.  By S. C.  Walker.  In  1 vol.
12mo.
  " The  present treatise is in no wise inferior to its
predecessor: it is characterized by the same agreeable
and elegant style, the same facility of illustration-
added to which it possesses unrivalled precision  and
accuracy of demonstration.  Avoiding, therefore, the
abstruce niceties and  the transcendental mathe-
matics of the subject, the author has nevertheless
produced a volume calculated, we are fully persuaded,
to impress upon his readers the magnitude and im-
portance of the science, and to initiate them in no
mean degree into its mysteries."—Literary Gazette.
BREWSTER'S OPTICS.
  TREATISE on OPTICS. By Sir David
Brewster.  A new edition, with Notes and
Additions, by A. D.  Bache, Professor of
Natural Philosophy and Chemistry in the
University of Pennsylvania. 12mo.

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industry, and extensive  acquaintance with the re-
sults of science in every part of Kurope."—Monthly
Magazine.
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and clearly illustrated."—U. t>. Journal.
EVAN'S MILLWRIGHT'S GUIDE.

 MILLWRIGHT and MILLER'S GUIDE.
By Oliver Evan?.  The Tenth Edition with
Additions and Corrections, by the Professor
of Mechanics in the Franklin  Institute  of
Pennsylvania; and a Description of an Im-
proved Merchant Flour  Mill.   With En-
gravings.  By C. & O. Evans, Engineers.
  This is a practical work and has had a
very extended sale.
BONAPARTE'S ORIY1THOLOGY.
  American Ornithology, or Natural His-
tory of Birds, Inhabiting the United States,
by Charles Lucien Bonaparte; designed as
a continuation  of Wilson's Ornitholo«v,
Vols. I. II. III. and IV.
  Gentlemen who possess Wilson, and are
desirous of rendering  the  work complete,
are informed that the  edition of this work
is very small, and that but  a very limited
number of copies remain unsold.
  (Odd volumes can be supplied, to com-
plete sets.)
    BARTON'S  FLORA.


  A Flora of North America, with 108 co-
loured  Plates.  By W. P. C. Barton, M.
D.  In 3 vols. 4to.
 ARNOTT'S  PHYSICS.

  Elements of Physics, or Natural Philoso-
phy, General and  Medical,  explained in-
dependently of Technical Mathematics, and
containing New Disquisitions and Practical
Suggestions.   By Neill  Arnott,  M. D.
Fourth  American  from  the  fifth London
edition, with  Additions by Isaac Hays, M.
D   In  2 vols. 8vo.
  " Dr. Arnott's work has done for Physics
as much as  Locke's Essay did for the sci-
ence of mind."—London  University Ma-
gazine.
  " We may  venture to predict that it will
not be surpassed."—Times.
  " Dr. A. has not done less for Physics
than Blackstonedid for the Law."—Morn-
ing Herald.
  " Dr. A. has made Natural Philosophy
as attractive  as Boffon made Natural His-
tory."—French Critic.
   " A work of the  highest class among the
productions of mind."—Courier.
 GRAY'S  CHEMISTRY.

  The Chemistry of the Arts on the basis
of Gray's Operative Chemist, being an Ex-
hibition of the Arts and Manufactures de-
pendent on Chemical  Principles, with nu-
merous Engravings, by Arthur  L. Porter,
M.  D. late Professor of Chemistry, &c. in
the University of Vermont. In 8vo. With
numerous Plates.
 FARADAY'S  .MANIPULATIONS.

  Chemical Manipulation.  Instruction to
Students on ihe Methods of performing
Experiments of Demonstration or Research,
with  accuracy and  success.  By  Michael
Faraday, F. R. S.  First American from the
second  London  edition, with additions by
J. K.  Mitchell, M. D.

   DELA  BECHE'S  GEOLOGY.

  A  GEOLOGICAL  MANUEL.    By
Henry T. de la Beche, Esq., F. R. S., F. G.
S.,  Member of  the Geological Society of
France, &c.  In 1 vol. 8vo., with 104 wood
cuts* 
PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.
19
         LEA'S GEOLOGY.

  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  GEOLOGY.
Illustrated   by numerous  coloured  En-
gravings.  By Isaac Lea, Member of the
American Philosophical Society, &c. &c.
In 1 vol. 8vo.
         LEA'S  NAIADES.


  A  SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILY OF
NAIADES.   By Isaac  Lea,  Member  of
the American Philosophical Society, &.c.
&c.  1 vol. 8vo. with coloured plates.
 LARDNER'S  HYDROSTATICS.


  A  TREATISE on  HYDROSTATICS
and PNEUMATICS.  By the Rev. Dio-
nysius Lardner, LL. D. F. R. S. &c. A new
American from the  last  London  edition,
with Notes by Benjamin  F. Joslin, M.  D.,
Professor of Natural Philosophy in Union
College.

  " It fully sustains the favourable opinion we have
already expressed as to this valuable compendium of
modern science."—Lit. Gaz.
  " Dr. Lardner has made a good use of his acquain-
tance with the familiar facts whicn  illustrate the
principles of Science."—Monthly Mag.
  "It is written with a full knowledge of the sub-
ject, and in a popular style, abounding in practical
illustrations of the abstruse operations of these im-
portant sciences."—U. S. Jour.
   LARDNER'S MECHANICS.


  A   TREATISE  ON  MECHANICS.
By Captain Kater, and the Rev. Dionysius
Lardner.  With numerous Engravings. In

1 vol. l'2mo.
  " A work which contains an  uncommon amount
of useful information, exhibited in a plain and very
intelligible form."—Olmsted's Nat. Philosophy.
  "Admirable in development  and clear in  prin-
ciples, and especially felicitous in illustration from
familiar subjects."—Monthly Ma;.
  "Though replete with Philosophical information
of the highest order in mechanics, adapted to ordi-
nary capacities in a way to render it at once intel-
ligible and popular."—Lit. Gazette.
  " A work of great merit, full of valuable informa-
tion, not only to the practical mechanic, but to the
man of science."—N. Y. Courier and Enquirer.
  THE BOOK  OF SCIENCE; in three
parts, a familiar introduction to the Princi-
ples of Natural Philosophy, adapted to the
comprehension of Young People.   Illus-
trated  by  many curious  and interesting
Experiments and  Observations, and  in-
cluding Notices of the most recent Dis-
coveries.  Embellished with numerous En-
gravings on wood.
     Part.  1  MECHANICS.
       "    2  HYDROSTATICS, &c.
       "    3  CHEMISTRY.
   RENWICK'S MECHANICS.


  ELEMENTS of  MECHANICS.   By
James Renwick, Esq.  Professor of Natural
and  Experimental  Philosophy,  Columbia
Colleo-e, N. Y.  In  8vo.  with  numerous
Engravings.
  " We think this decidedly the best treatise on Me-
chanics, which has issued from  the American.press
that we have seen; one, too, that is alike cred tab e
to the writer, and to the state of science in this
wuntry."-American Cluarterly Review.
  REID ON CLOCK MAKING.


  TREATISE   ON    CLOCK   AND
WATCH-MAKING.    Theoretical   and
Practical.   By Thomas  Reid, Edinburgh
Honorary Member of the  Worshipful Com-
pany of Clock  Makers,  London.  Royal
Octavo.  Illustrated by Numerous Plates.
  THE  NATIONAL   SCHOOL  MA-
NUAL:  a regular and  connected Course
of Elementary Studies, embracing the ne-
cessary and useful Branches of the Common
Education.  In Four Parts,  with  a quarto
Atlas.  Compiled from the latest and most
approved Authors, by Mr. R. Bartlett.

  The plan of this work was the suggestion  of the
late Governor Clinton, whose zeal and efforts in the
cause of our Public Schools, will be cherished with
grateful remembrance to the latest posterity; and this
work so far as it had advanced up to the time of his
lamented death, received his  favourable regard and
patronage.
  The object of the National School Manual, is to
furnish a System of instruction, for a thorough Eng-
lish education, in a plain, practical, and progressive
Series of Lessons, collaterally arranged.
THE  CLINTON PRIMER.
                   A
  SERIES OF  FIRST LESSONS.
                 WITH
         NUMEROUS CUTS.
 NEUMANS  DICTIONARY.


  A Pocket Dictionary of the Spanish and
English Languages, Compiled from the last
Improved Editions of Neuman and Barretti.
In one small volume.
   DONNEGAN'S LEXICON.

  Greek and  English  Lexicon.   By  D.
Donnegan.   Abridged  for   the  use  of
Schools.   In  1 vol. royal  18mo., contain-
ing above 800 pages. 
BOLMAR'S  FRENCH  SERIES  FOR  SCHOOLS,  &c.
   A SELECTION OF ONE HUNDRED
PERIN'S  FABLES,  accompanied  by  a
Key, containing the text, a literal and a free
translation, arranged in such a manner as
to  point out  the  difference between  the
French  and  the  English  idiom,  also  a
figured pronunciation  of  the  French, ac-
cording to the best French works extant on
the subject;  the whole  preceded by a short
treatise on the sounds  of the French lan-
guage, compared with those of the English.
By A.  Bolmar. In 1 vol. l'2mo.
   The expression  'figured pronunciation,'
is above employed to express that the  words
in the Key to  the French Fables are spelt
and divided as they are pronounced.   It is
what Walker  has done in  his Critical Pro-
nouncing Dictionary; for instance, he indi-
cates the pronunciation of the word enough,
by dividing and spelling it thus, e-nuf.   In
the same manner I  indicate the pronuncia-
tion  of the word  computient thus, kon-te.
As the  understanding  of  the figured pro-
nunciation of  Walker requires the student
to be acquainted with the primitive sounds
of the  English vowels, he must likewise,
before he can understand the figured pronun-
ciation  of the French, make himself ac-
quainted with the  20 primitive  sounds of
the French  vowels.  This any intelligent
person  can get from a native, or from any
body who reads French well,  in a few
hours.
  LES AVENTURES DE TELEMAQUE
PAR FENELON, in 1 vol. r2mo., accom-
panied by a KEY to the  EIGHT FIRST
BOOKS;  in 1 vol. 12mo., containing like
the Fables—the Text a  Literal and Free
Translation;  intended as a Sequel  to  the
Fables.
  A Collection  of Colloquial Phrases on
every Topic necessary to maintain Conver-
sation, arranged under different heads, with
numerous remarks on the peculiar pronun-
ciation and use of various words—the whole
so disposed as considerably to facilitate the
acquisition of a correct pronunciation of the
French.  By A. Bolmar. 1  vol. I8mo.
  A COMPLETE TREATISE ON THE
GENDERS OF FRENCH NOUNS;  in a
small pamphlet of fourteen pages.
  This little work, whi.ch is the most com-
plete of the kind, is  the fruit of great la-
bour, and will prove of immense  servioe
to every learner.
  ALL THE FRENCH VERBS BOTH
REGULAR  AND  IRREGULAR,  in a
small volume.
  The verbs etre to be, avoir to have, par-
ler  to speak  finir to finish, recevoir to re-
ceive, vendre to sell, se lever  to  rise, se
bien porter to be well, s'en aller to go away,
are  here  all conjugated  through—affir-
matively—negatively—interrogatively—
and negatively and  interrogatively—an ar-
rangement which will greatly facilitate the
scholar  in  his learning the  French verbs,
and which will save the master the trouble
of explaining over and  over again  what
may be  much more  easily learned  from
books, thus leaving him more time to give
his  pupil, during the  lesson, that instruc-
tion which  cannot be found in  books, but
which must be learned from a master.
BUTLER'S  ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY.
  GEOGRAPHIA CLASSICA, or the ap-
plication of  Antient Geography  to  the
Classics.  By Samuel  Butler, &c. &c.
Fourth  American edition  with  questions.
In 1 vol.
  BUTLER'S ANTIENT ATLAS.

 ATLAS OF ANTIENT GEOGRAPHY,
consisting of 21 Coloured  Maps,  with a
complete Accentuated Index.  By Samuel
Butler,  D.  D., F. R. S. &c.   Archdeacon
of Derby.
  A new edition revised and corrected, in
cue royal 8vo. volume.

             Extract of'a Letter from Professor Stuart of Andover.
  " I have used Butler's Atlas Classica for 12 or 14 years, and prefer it on tho score of convenience and
correctness to any atlas within  the compass of my knowledge.  It is evidently a work of much care anrf
taste, and most happily adapted to classical readers and indeed all others, who consult the history of past
ages.  I have long cherished a strong desire to see the work brought forward in this country, and I am ex-
ceedingly gratified that you have carried through this undertaking.  TIib beautiful manner in which the
specimen  is executed that you have sent me dons great credit to engravers and publishers.  It cannot be that
ounchools ami colleges will fail to adopt this work, and bring it into very general circulation. I know of
none which in all respects would supply its place."
  " The abridged but classical and excellent work of Butler, on Antient Geography, which you are printing
aa an accompaniment to the maps, I consider one of the most attractive works of the kind, especially for
young persons studying the classics, that has come under my notice.  L wish you. tte most- ample au«c*ss i*n
these highly useful publications." 
PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.
21
                THE   NOVELS
                           OF
JANE    AUSTEN:
CONTAINING
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE,
MANSFIELD PARK,
PERSUATION,
SENSE AND SENSIBILITY,
EMMA, AND
NORTHANGER ABBEY.
                      COMPLETE IN ONE LARGE VOLUME.


Bound in Elegant Embossed Cloth, or neatly half bound with Calf backs and corners.
DR.   B  IRD'S  NOVELS.
THE   ADVENTURES
       ROBIN  DAY.

           IN 2 VOLS. 12mo.

  We have long been accustomed to regard
the  fictions of this author with peculiar re-
spect for their energetic action.  The drama-
tic power of the " novel," in its outlines, the
writer of "Calavar " understands surpassing-
ly well; and if in the detail he is sometimes
untrue to taste, he is seldom if ever faithless
to nature, in what he describes.  This  con-
stitutes, in truth, a charm in what  Bird
writes, that is easily appreciated and under-
stood.  It is his design to be simple in  por-
traiture, and plain in  expression!  He  suc-
ceeds, because he draws his transcri pts, where
colours cannot fail—from  life.  But in his
gust for bold  drawing and large effect, he
sometimes rejects the finish of the  master,
though he never leaves the reader in doubt of
his capacity.
  VICK OF THE WOODS; or, The
Jibbenainosay.   A  Tale of Kentucky.
In two vols. 12mo.
       PETER PILGRIM)

                 OR,

 A RAMBLER'S  RECOLLECTIONS.
             In 2 vols. 12mo.

  It  is  a sort of Decameron of Tales, of
which the scenes are laid in various parts of
our country, and it abounds in rich tradition-
ary lore and national characters.
  THE HAWKS OF HAWK HOL-
LOW;  A Tradition of Pennsylvania.—
In two vols. 12mo.
           A Third Edition of
      CALAVAR:

OR, THE  KNIGHT OF THE CONQUEST.
           In two vols. 12mo.
  THE INFIDEL: or, The Knight
of the Conquest.   A Romance. By the
Author of " Calavar." Two vols. 12mo.
              A New and Handsome Edition of

PICCIOLA, THE PRISONER OF FENESTRELLA;

          OR,  CAPTIVITY  CAPTIVE.

        By M. D.Saintine.  In one neat  royal ISmo. volume.
                    Infancy paper binding.
  For this beautiful little novel we may ven-
ture to predict a degree of popularity in the
English world of letters equal to that enjoyed
by "Paul and Virginia,"  "Elizabeth," and
one or two  other favourites.  It is a produc-
tion of every class, and for every shade of
taste.—Court Journal. 
22
NOVELS, TALES, ROMANCES, &C
ROB  OF  THE  BOWL;
  A  LEGEND OF  ST. INIGOES.

By the Author of " Horse Shoe Robinson," &c. &c.
            In two vols. 12mo.
  " Tho hero, ' Rob of the Bowl,' is a finely
executed  conception.  The perfect original-
ity  of the  design, the bold  colouring  and
elaborate finish of this  character, stamp the
author as an artist of no ordinary power. He
has now produced an able work that  w ill be
read with pleasure wherever the English lan-
guage is understood.  His  well known pow-
ers of description render his  account of the
eventful scenes  of the  early colonists most
life-like and pleasingly  exact.—Gentleman's
Magazine.
HORSESHOE ROBINSON.
A  TALE  OF THE  TORY ASCENDENCY.
    By the Author of " Swallow Barn."
 Fourth Edition.  Two Volumes 12mo.
  ALTHEA VERNON, the Embroidered
Handkerchief,  together with  Henrietta
Harrison,  or the Blue  Cotton  Umbrella.
By Miss Leslie.
 PENCIL  SKETCHES.

Or, Outlines of Character and Manners.
         BY MISS LESLIE.
  ISABEL,  OR  SICILY;


  A  Pilgrimage.   By Henry T. Tucker-
man.   Author of "Italian  Sketch  Book."
In 1 volume.
  This is the production of a good scholar and a man
of taste. It contains much delicacy of sentiment,
prettiness of thought,  and beauty of expression.
The ideas and descriptions of Sicialian scenery, man-
ners, history, &c. are conveyed in the form  of grace-
ful colloquy, by which many unimportant details
are avoided, and the narrative of a connected pil-
grimage preserved.— Madisonian.
  THE COURT AND THE BASTILE,
by M. D. Saintine, Author of Picciola, &c.
            (In preparation.)
SIMMS'  LAST  NOVEL.
   The  Damsel  of Darien, a novel, by the
author  of ' The Yemassee.' ' Guy Rivers,'
' Mellichampe,'  &c, in 2 vols.  12mo.

   " Seldom have we read a tale whieh has
so  perfectly absorbed us  by its interest
Mr. Simms has based  his story upon  the
adventures of Vasco Nunes  de Balboa, as
some have called him, although our author
calls him Vasco Nunes—Ojedaand Nicesa,
as chiefly detailed in Irving's ' Companions
of Columbus,' and from these with the aid
of his vivid imagination to furnish the de-
tails of  soeiety and life, he has composed
what may be considered  with truth, the
Romance of American History.
   " Our author's descriptive powers are of
the very first order, and  in his sketches of
character there is  no writer that better un-
derstands the art of bringing out the salient
features in high relief, and of impressing
an individuality  upon  the portraiture that
fixes the image  perfectly in our mind, un-
til it haunts us like the  figure of one we
have  intimately known.  In  this  novel,
' The Damsel of Darien.'  Mr. Simms has
opened a new and  virgin mine in the trea-
sures of Romance. An  unploughed field,
which only needs cultivation to produce the
richest fruits.—Evening Gazette and Gal-
axy."
STANLEY;
  Or the Recollections of a Man of the
World.
  By an unknown  writer.  In 2  volumes
12mo.

  Stanley is far above the common class of novels.
It is evidently the production of a ripe scholar and
deep thinker; one who has seen much and  meditated
more,  and who, from the affluence of his stores,
sometimes becomes profuse in the distribution of his
knowledge.  The criticisms in  which  the  work
abounds, are original, vigorous, searching, and pro-
found—and the characters of several of the most dis-
tinguished writers of the present century, are drawn
with singular  felicity.   Altogether it is the effort of
a highly cultivated mind, rich  alike in natural en-
dowments and acquired treasures.—Saturday JVeics.
SHELLEY'S   PROSE  WORKS.
  ESSAYS.—LETTERS FROM ABROAD, Translations and Fragments of
Percy Bysshe Shelley, edited by Mrs. Shelley.   In & vols. 12mo. 
PUBLI8HED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.
23
SHAKSPEARE  AND HIS FRIENDS;
                 OR,
THE GOLDEN AGE OF MERRY ENGLAND.
           BY THE AUTHOR OF
"THE YOUTH OF SHAKSPEARE."
" We have been better pleased with this work
than with any we have met with for a long
time-  The ground upon which the author
has ventured is fearfully full of difficulties,
but he has  threaded his way with consider-
able skill.   Shakspeare, Burbage, Ben Jon-
son, Sir W. Raleigh, Lord Burghley, Eliza-
beth, are brought in vivid portraiture  be-
fore us; the generous disposition, ready wit,
and noble bearing of the immortal poet be-
ing pictured with rare success."
 To match the above,  and by the same
               author.
"THE YOUTH OF SHAKSPEARE;'1
  THE  GOVERNESS,  a novel by
the  Countess of Blessington, in 2 vols.
12mo.
  THE  CONFESSIONS  OF  AN
ELDERLY LADY AND GENTLE-
MAN, by the Countess of Blessington,
in 2 vols. 12mo.
  SOLOMON  SEESAW.  A Novel.
By J. P. Robertson, author of " Letters
on Paraguay."  In two vols. 12mo.

  TRIALS OF  THE HEART;  By
Mrs. Bray,  author of " Trelawney,"
" The Talba," &c. In two vols. 12mo.
    THE  DUKE.
          A NOVEL.
B Y  M R S.   GREY.
       In two vols. 12mo.
  HAMILTON KING; or, The Smug-
gler  and the Dwarf.   By the Old
Sailor, author  of  " Tough  Yarns,"
" Stories of Greenwich Hospital," &c.
In two vols. 12mo.
WILHELM  MEISTER.
  A New Translation by Carlisle.
          [In Preparation.)
    GURNEY  MARRIED,
A SEQUEL TO GILBERT GURNEY.
           By the Author of
"SAYINGS AND DOINGS," "JACK BRAG,"
              &c. &c.
          In two volumes 12mo.
           By the Author of
" SAYINGS AND DOINGS," " JACK BRAG."
              &c. <fec.
          In two volumes 12mo.

         COUSIN GEOFFREY,
 THE  OLD  BACHELOR.
         BY THEODORE HOOK.
          In two vols. 12mo.
         (hi  Preparation.)
  THE NAVAL FOUNDLING: by
the  Old Sailor,  author  of  " Tough
Yarns,"  " Nights at Sea,"  " Green-
wich Hospital," Sic.  In 3 vols. 12mo.

  THE HUSBAND HUNTER: By
Dennis Moriarty, Esq., author of " The
Wife Hunter," &c. Sic.   In two vols.
12 mo.
       POE'S  TALES.

  Tales of the Grotesque and  Arabesque,
by Edgar A. Poe, in 2 vols. 12mo.
  " To say we have read this  production
attentively is not enough. We have studied
it.  It  is  every way worthy of such a dis-
tinction, and whoever shall give it a care-
ful study and a philosophical analysis,  will
find in it the evidences of an original, vigo-
rous, and  independent  mind, stored with
rich and  various  learning, and  capable of
successful application to a great variety of
subjects." 
NOVELS,  TALES  AND  ROMANCES.
Austin's Novels, Complete  in one  Royal
  8vo. volume.
American  Lounger, by the  Author of La-
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Althea Vernon, by Miss Leslie, 12mo.
Adam Buff, or Other Men of Character.
Boz's Sketches  of Every-day  Life  and
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Births, Deaths, and Marriages, by Theo-
  dore Hook, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coopers Novels and Tales.
         Spy,
    "    Pioneers.
    "    Pilot.
    "    Prairie.
    "    Lionel Lincoln.
    "    Last of the Mohicans.
    "    Red Rover.
    «    Wept of the Wish-Ton-Wish.
    "    Water-Witch.
    "    Bravo.
    "    Travelling Bachelor.
    "    Headsman.
    "    Heidenmauer.
    "    Homeward Bound.
    "    Home as Found.
    "    Pathfinder.
    "    Precaution.
Calavar, by Dr. Bird, 2 vols.
Country Stories, by Miss Mitford, 1  vol.
Confessions of an Elderly Lady and Gen-
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Concealment, 2 vols. 12mo.
Collin Clink, 2 vols 12mo.
Clinton Bradshaw, 2 vols.
Calderon, by Bulwer, 1 vol.  12mo.
Cousin Geoffrey, by Hook.
Damsel of Darien, by Simms, 2 vols. 12mo.
East and West, 2 vols.
Elvira, the Nabob's Wife, 2  vols. 12mo.
Governess, by Lady Blessington, 12mo.
Guraey Married, by Theodore Hook.
Harry Austin, by an Officer, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hawks of Hawk Hollow, by Dr. Bird,
Horseshoe  Robinson,  by the  Author  of
  Swallow Barn, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hawk Chief, by  the  Author  of Indian
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PREPARING
 Hamilton King, by the Old Sailor, 2 vols.
I Horace Vernon, or Fashionable Life.
 Husband Hunter, by the Author of the
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 Infidel, by Dr. Bird, 2 vols.
 Isabel or Sicily, by Tuckerman, 1 vol.
 Jack  Sheppard,  by  Ainsworth,  2 vols.
   12mo.  With plates.
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 Jane  Lomax, by  Horace Smith, 2 vols.
 Land  Sharks and Sea Gulls, by Captain
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 Little Frenchman  and his Water Lots, by
   G. P.  Morris, 12mo., with Illustrations.
 Mrs. Armytage,  or  Female  Domination,
   by Mrs. Gore 2 vols.
 Mary  Raymond, by Mrs. Gore, 2 vols.
 Naval Foundling, by the Old Sailor, 12mo.
 Nicholas Nickleby, by Boz. Various edi-
   tions.
 Nick  of the  Woods, or the Jibbenainosay,
   a Tale of Kentucky, by Dr. Bird.
 Oliver Twist, by Boz.  Various editions.
 Pascal Bruno, by Theodore Hook, 1 vol.
 Picciola, or Captivity Captive, 18mo.
 Pickwick Club, chronicled by Boz.  Va-
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 Peter Pilgrim, by Dr. Bird, 2 vols. 12mo.
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   12ino.
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 Wood Leighton, by Mary Howitt, 12mo.
 Youth of Shakespeare.  In 12mo.
PUBLICATION.
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be6t novels and romances as  may be deemed Worthy of preeervation in a form ouitabla
for a Library of Standard Literature. 
   MEDICAL  AND  SURGICAL  BOOKS.
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                               BY

LEA   &   BLANCHARD,
                       PHILADELPHIA.
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AMERICAN
MEDICAL  SCIENCES,
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                    SURGEON TO WILLS HOSPITAL, SlC. SlC.

                                 TERMS.

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 "Several of the American Journals are before us.
* * * Of these, the American Journal of the Medical
Sciences is by far the better periodical; it is, indeed,
the best of the trans-atlantic medical publications;
and, to make a comparison nearer home, is in most
respects superior to the great majority of European
works of the same description."—Tlie London Lancet.
 "We need scarcely refer our esteemed and highly
eminent contempory, [The American Journal of Me-
dical Sciences,] from whom we quote, to our critical
remarks of the opinions of our own countrymen, or
to the principles which influence us in the discharge
  MANUAL  of  MATERIA  MEDICA
ano PHARMACY, By H. M.  Edwards,
M. D. and P. Vavasseur, M. D.
  CHEMICAL MANIPULATION.   In-
struction  to Students  on the  Methods of
performing Experiments of Demonstration
nr Research,  with accuracy and success.
By Michael  Farriday, F.  R. S.  First
American, from the second London edition,
with additions by J. K. Mitchell, M. D.
  A  FLORA  of  NORTH  AMERICA,
with 108 coloured Plates.   By W. P. C.
Ba*ton, M. D.   In 3 vols. 4to.
             3
of our editorial duties."—" Our copious extracts from
his unequal'ed publication, unnoticing multitudes of
others which come before us, are the best proof of the
esteem which we entertain  for his talents and
abilities!"—London Medical and SurgicalJournal
  " The Medical Journal of Medical Sciences is one
of the most complete and best edited of the numerous
pHriodical publications of the  United States."—Bui-
letan des Sciences Jffedicales, tome xi v.
  "The Medical Journal of Medical Sciences is con-
ducted  with distinguished ability. Published in one
of the most literary cities in our country, and sup-
ported  by a number of her most gifted and  best
educated physicians, its reputation is deservedly high
as well abroad as at home."—Transylvania Journal.
 A   MEDICAL  ACCOUNT  OF
  THE  MINERAL  SPRINGS
          OF  VIRGINIA.
By Professor Gibson.  (In preparation.)
  A MANUAL OF MEDICAL  JU-
RISPRUDENCE.   By  Professor R.
E.  Griffith.   In one volume.   (Now
preparing.)

  THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
OF MEDICINE.   By Professor Dungli-
sou.  In two volumes, octavo.   (In prepa-
ration.) 
26
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
A   NEW  DICTIONARY,
MEDICAL  SCIENCE  AND  LITERATURE.
                  A  NEW  EDITION,
Completely Revised, with Numerous Additions and Improvements,
                                OF

          DUNGLISON'S  DICTIONARY
       MEDICAL SCIENCE  AND LITERATURE:
                                  CONTAINING
  A concise account of the various Subjects and Terms, with a vocabulary of Syno-
nymes in  different languages, and formulae  for various officinal  and empirical pre-
parations, &c.
                      IN ONE ROYAL 8vo. VOLUME.
  " The  present  undertaking was  sug-
gested by the frequent complaints,  made
by the author's pupils, tlut they were un-
able to meet with information on numerous
topics of professional  inquiry,—especially
of recent introduction,—in the medical dic-
tionaries accessible to them.
  It may, indeed,  be correctly  affirmed,
that we have no dictionary of medical sub-
jects and terms which can be looked upon
as adapted to the state of  the science.  In
proof of this the author need but to remark,
that he has  found occasion to add several
thousand medical terms,  which are not to
be met with in the only medical lexicon at
this time in  circulation in the country.
   The present edition will be  found  to
contain many hundred terms  more  than
the first, and to have experienced numerous
additions and modifications.
   The author's object has not been to make
the work a  mere lexicon or dictionary of
terms, but to afford, under  each, a condensed
view of its  various medical  relations, and
thus to render the work  an epitome of the
existing  condition of medical science."
   " To execute such a work requires great
erudition, unwearied  industry, and exten-
sive  research, and we know no one who
could bring  to the task higher qualifications
of this description than Professor Dungli-
son."—American Medical Journal.
   "This is an  excellent compilation, and
one that cannot fail to be very  much Re-
ferred to.  It is the best medical lexicon in
the English language that has yet appeared.
We do not  know any volume which con-
tains  so much information in a small  com-
pass.   The  Bibliographical notices, though
so short, are very important and useful'; and
altogether  we  can recommend  to  every
medical man to have this work by him, as
the cheapest and best  dictionary of re-
ference he  can have."—London Medical
and Surgical Journal.
  " So far as we have been able to examine
this Dictionary, it is exceedingly thorough
and correct, not only in matters  purely
medical, but in whatever can fairly be ar-
ranged in the various  branches of science,
collateral or contributary to Medicine and
Surgery."—Medical Magazine.
  " So well known are the  merits of this
valuable  work, that, in noticing a  second
edition of it, it will suffice  to  extract the
remark of the author in the preface, 'that
it will be found to contain  many hundred
terms more than the first, and  to have ex-
perienced numerous additions and modifica-
tions.'  It has been got up by the publishers
in very handsome style, and must command,
as it deserves, an  extended  circulation."—
Medical Examiner.
   "It is  wholly unnecessary,  we appre-
hend, to enter into a  long or formal state-
ment of the fact, that  Dr. Dunglison's Dic-
tionary, from the first day of its appearance,
has been regarded with  peculiar  favour.
And we  have now a  revised  edition, con-
structed under the immediate eye of the au-
thor, who is most  favourably circumstanced
for adding to the previous edition what-
ever could give it additional claims on the
score of accuracy.  Here are eight hundred
and twenty-one  pages,  large  octavo, in
double colums, distinct type, of which no
one ought  to complain.   Finally, although
most of our readers may be owners of the
first edition, we cordially and conscientious-
ly recommend to all  future purchasers to
procure this in preference  to  any  medical
lexicon extant. Its true and sterling value,
as a key to medical science, and its mode-
rate price, are so many common-sense re-
commendations which should not be for-
gotten."—Boston Medical  and Surgical
Journal. 
          PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.                     27

A  NEW  AND  VALUABLE  WORK
PHYSICIANS,  APOTHECARIES,  AND  STUDENTS.
              SEW   REMEDIES,

    The JfMethod of Preparing & Administering them;

                           THEIR EFFECTS
                                  UPON THE




             BY  ROBLEY  DUNGLISON,  M. D.

Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Materia Medica in Jefferson Me-
  dical College of  Philadelphia;  Attending Physician to the Philadelphia
  Hospital, <y-c.
                        IN ONE VOLUME, OCTAVO.
  " The value of  this book is hardly to be, practitioners.   It  is Creditable to the in-
estimated;  to'be without it, would be very dustry and wise discrimination of the au-
much like obstinacy, and  amount to the
same thing- as saying, like the Austrian3 in
regard to their government, nothing can be
improved, for we already live in a state of
perfection.  Dr. Dunglison, the  author, has
done an essential service to all classes of
thor, and quite necessary to the libraries
of those who'feel the necessity of keeping
pace with the improvements and discoveries
in the  broad but imperfectly exploded do-
main of medicine."—Boston Medical and
Surgical Journal.
A Third Edition, Improved and Modified, of

      DUNGLISON'S

  HUMAN  PHYSIOLOGY:

    Illustrated With Numerous Engravings.

      IN  TWO VOLUMES, OCTAVO. .
  " We are happy to believe that the rapid
sale of the last edition of this valuable-work
may be regarded as an indication of the ex-
tending taste for sound physiological know-
ledge  in the American schools: and what
we then said of its merits, will show that
we regarded it as  deserving the reception
it has  experienced.  Dr.  Dunglison  has,
we are  glad to' perceive,  anticipated  the
recommendation which we gave in regard
to the addition of references, and has there-
by not only added very considerably to the
value of his-work, but bas shown an extent
of reading which, we confess, we were not
preparedly his former edition  to ex'peCt.
He has also  availed himself of the  addi-
tional materials supplied by the works that
have been published in' the interval, espe-
cially those  of  Muller and Burdach.  So
that as a collection of details  on  human
physiology alone, we do not think that it is
surpassed by any  work in our  language:
and we can  p-'com'mend  it to students in
this country  (England) as containing much
with which they will not be likely to meet
elsewhere."—British and Foreign Medi-
cal Review.
  This work exhibits another  admirable
specimen of  American  industry and  talent,
and contains  an account of every discovery
in Europe up to the period of a few months
prior to its publication'.   Many of the au-
thor's views are original and important."—
Dublin Journal of M< dinal Sciences. 
28
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL WORKS,
      GENERAL.  THERAPEUTICS?

                                    OR,

              PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL PRACTICE.

 With Tables of the Chief Remedial Agents and their Preparations, and of the
                   Different Poisons and their Antidotes.

                By Robert  Dunglison, M. D., &c, &c.

                         One Volume, large 8vo.

                                             #
  "There being at,present before the public several American works on Therapeutics,
written by physicians and teachers of distinction,  it might be deemed unjust in us, and
would certainly be  invidious, to pronounce any of them superior to the others.   We shall
not, therefore, do so. If there be, however, in the English language, any work of the
kind more valuable than that we have been examining, its title is unknown to us.
  "We hope to be able  to give such an account of the work as will strengthen the desire
and determination of our readers to seek for a  farther acquaintance with  it, by a candid
perusal of the volume itself. And, in  so doing, we offer them an assurance that they will
be amply rewarded for their time and labour."—Transylvania Journal, Vol.  IX, No. 3.
  THE MEDICAL STUDENT; or, AMs
to the  Study of Medicine.  Including a
Glossary of the Terms of the Science, and
of the Mode of Prescribing; Bibliographical
Notices of Medical Works;  the Regula-
tions of the Different Medical Colleges of
of the Union, &c.  By Robley Dunglison,
M. D., &c, &c.  In one volume, 8vo.
  ELEMENTS OF HYGIENE; on the
Influence of Atmosphere and  Locality;
Change of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food,
Clothing, Bathing, Sleep, Corporeal  and
Intellectual  Pursuits,  &c,  on  Human
Health, Constituting Elements of Hygiene.
By Robley Dunglison, M. D. &c., &c.  In
1 vol. 8vo.
MEDICAL   ESSAYS
                     THE  CYCLOPEDIA  OF

PRACTICAL   MEDICINE  AND   SURGERY,

Or Essays  on ASTHMA, APHTHAE,  ASPHYXIA, APOPLEXY, ARSE-
  NIC, ATROPA,  AIR,  ABORTION,  ANGINA-PECTORIS, and other
  Subjects Embraced in the Articles from JL to Azote, prepared for the Cyclo-
  pedia of Practical Medicine by
Dr. Chapman,
Dr. Jackson,
Dr. Horner„
Dr. Hodge,
Dr. Wood,
Dr. Dewees,
Dr. Hays,
Dr. Dunglison,
Dr. Mitchell,
Dr. Bache,
Dr. Coates,
Dr. Condie,
Dr. Emerson,
Dr. Geddings,
Dr. Griffith,
Dr. Harris,
Dr. Warren,
Dr. Patterson,
  Each article is complete within itself, and  embraces the practical  experience of its
author, and as they are only to be had in this eollection will be found of great value to
the profession.
  V The two volumes are now offered at a price so low, as to place them within the
reach of every practitioner and student. 
PUBLISHED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.
29
GIBSON'S   SURGERY.
  A  NEW  EDITION OF  GIBSON'S  SURGERY.

  THE INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY; being the Outlines
of a Course of Lectures.  By William Gibson, M. D., Professor of Surgery in
the University of Pennsylvania, &c. &c.  Fifth  edition, greatly enlarged.   In 2
vols. 8vo.  With thirty plates, several of which are coloured.

  " The author  has endeavoured to make this edition as complete as possible,  by
adapting it to the present condition of surgery, and to supply the deficiencies of former
editions  by adding chapters and sections  on subjects not hitherto treated of.   And,
moreover, the arrangement of the work  has been altered by transposing parts of the
second volume  to the first, and  by changing entirely tne order of the  subject in the
second volume.   This  has been done for the  purpose of making the surgical course
in the university correspond  with the anatomical lectures, so that  the account of sur-
gical diseases may follow immediately the anatomy of the parts."
DEWEES'S   WORKS.
  A PRACTICE OF PHYSIC, com-
prising most of the diseases not treated
of in Diseases of Females and Diseases
of Children.   By W. P. Dewees, M.
D., formerly adjunct professor  in the
University of Pennsylvania.  In one
volume, octavo.


A COMPENDIOUS SYSTEM OF
          MIDWIFERY.

           By Dr. Dewees.
  Chiefly designed to  facilitate the Inqui-
ries of those who may be pursuing this
branch of Study.   Illustrated by occasional
cases and with many  plates.  The ninth
edition, with additions and improvements.
In one vol. 8vo.
DEWEES  ON  THE  DISEASES
         OF  FEMALES.
  The seventh  edition,  Revised  and
Corrected.   With  additions,  and  Nu-
merous plates.  In one vol. 8vo.
DEWEES ON  THE PHYSICAL
   AND  MEDICAL TREAT-
     MENT OF CHILDREN.

With Corrections and Improvements.
  The seventh ed. In one volume, 8vo.

  The objects of this work are, 1st, to teach
those who have the charge of children, ei-
ther  as parent or  guardian, the most ap-
proved methods of securing and improving
their physical powers.  This is attempted
by pointing out the duties which the parent
or the guardian owes  for this purpose, to
this interesting but helpless class of beings,
and the manner by which their duties-shall
be fulfilled.   And 2d, to render available a
long experience to these objects of our af-
fection when they become diseased.  In at-
tempting this, the  author has avoided as
much as possible, "'technicality;"' and has
given, if he does  not flatter  himself too
much, to each disease of which he treats,
its appropriate and designating characters,
with a  fidelity that will prevent any two
being confounded together, with the  best
mode of treating them, that either his own
experience or that of others has suggested.
     HORNER'S    SPECIAL   ANATOMY.

     Treatise on Special and  General An
   jf Anatomy in the  University of Penr
and much improved.  In two volumes, 8vo.
  A Treatise on Special and General Anatomy.  By  W. E. Horner, M. D., Profes-
sor of Anatomy in the  University of Pennsylvania, &c. &c.  Fifth edition,  Revisedy 
30
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL BOOKS,
ELLIS'  MEDICAL FORMULARY.
  The Medical Formulary, being a collec-
tion of prescriptions derived from the writ-
ings and practice of many of the most emi-
nent Physicians  in America and Europe.
To which is added an appendix, containing
the usual Dietetic preparations and Anti-
dotes  for Poisons, the whole accompanied
with a few brief Pharmacuetic and Medi-
cal  observations.  By Benjamin Ellis, M.
D., Fifth edition, with additions.  In one
vol.
  Broussais on Inflammation, 2 vols. 8vo.
  Broussais' Pathology, 1 vol. 8vo.
  Colles' Surgical Anatomy, 1 vol. 8vo.
  Costers' Physiological Practice, 1 vol.
8vo.
  Greys' Chemistry applied to  the Arts,
2 vols, with numerous plates.
  ELEMENTS  of  PHYSICS,  or
NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY,  GE-
NERAL  and  MEDICAL, explained
independently of TECHNICAL MA-
THEMATICS, and  containing  New
Disquisitions and Practical Suggestions.
By  Neil Arnott, M. D.   In  two
volumes,  octavo.
  " Dr. Arnott's work has done for Physics
as much  as Locke's  Essays did  for the
science  of  mind."—London  University
Magazine.
  " We may venture to predict that it will
not be surpassed."—Times.
  " Dr.  A. has  not done less for  Physics
than Blaekstone did for the Law."—Morn-
ing Herald.
  "Dr. A. has made Natural  Philosophy
as attractive as Buffon made Natural His-
tory."—French Critic.
  " A work of the highest class among the
productions of mind."—Courier.
ROGET'S  PHYSIOLOGY  AND   PHRENOLOGY.
OUTLINES
                          OF   PHY8IOL.OGY;
                             WITH AN
APPENDIX   ON   PHRENOLOGY;
                   BY P.  M.  ROGET., M. D.
Professor of Physiology in the Royal Institute of Great Britian, &c. &c.
           FIRST  AMERICAN  EDITION,
                   Revised, with numerous notes,
                         In one volume, 8vo.
  From the American Preface.—" Of the
the Author's qualificationsasa physiological
writer  it is  scarcely requisite  to  speak.
The fact of his having been selected to com-
pose the Bridgewater Treatise on  Animal
and Vegetable Physiology, is sufficient evi-
dence of the  reputation which he then en-
joyed; and the mode in which he executed
the task amply evinces that his  reputation
rested on a solid basis.
   "The  present volume  contains  a  con-
cise, well-written epitome of the present
state of Physiology—human  and compara-
tive—not, as a matter to  be  expected, the
copious details and developments to be met
with in the larger treatises on the subject;
but enough to serve as an accompaniment
and guide to the physiological student.
   " The attention of the American Editor
has been directed to the  revision and cor-
rection of the text; to the supplying, in the
form of notes, of omissions;  to  the rectifi-
cation of some of the points that appeared
to him erroneous of doubtful, and to the fur-
nishing of references to works in which the
physiological  inquirer might  meet with
more ample information.
  " In Phrenology, the Author is a well-
known unbeliever, and  his published  ob-
jections to the doctrine have been regarded
as too cogent to be permitted to pass  un-
heeded.   It will be seen on farther exami-
nation in the interval of many years, which
has elapsed  since the publication of  the
sixth edition of the Encyclopaedia, has not
induced  him to modify his sentiments on
this head.  On the contrary, he appears to
be as satisfied at this time, of the fallacy of
the positions of the Phrenologist, as he was
at any former period."
   fj^This work  will be  introduced  into
many of the Medical Colleges of the union
as a Text Book, it being a cheap volume,
and well fitted as an introduction to the
 larger works on Physiology. 
l'UBLISIIED BY LEA AND BLANCHARD.
31
COATES    POPULAR    MEDICINE:
              POPULAR   MEDICINE;

                       OR,  FAMILY  ADVISER.

  Consisting of outlines of  Anatomy, Physiology, and  Hygiene, with
such  Hints  on the  Practice  of Physic, Surgery,  and the Diseases of
Women and Children, as  may prove useful in families  when regular
Physicians cannot be procured : Being a Companion and Guide  for in-
telligent Principals of Manufactories, Plantations, and Boarding Schools;
Heads of Families, Masters of Vessels, Missionaries, or Travellers, and
a useful Sketch for Young Men about commencing the Study of Me-
dicine.
                  BY REYNELL  COATES, M. D.

  Fellow of the College  of Physicians of Piiiladelphia—Honorary  Member of the
Philadelphia  Medical  Society—Correspondent of the  Lyceum  of Natural  Historv
of New York—Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia—Former-
ly Resident Surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital, &c.
  Assisted by several Medical friends.  In One Volume,
  "It is with great satisfaction that we an-
nounce this  truly valuable compilation, as
the most complete and interesting treatise
on Popular Medicine ever presented to the
public.   Simple and unambitious in  its
language, free from the  technicalities, and
embracing the most important facts on Ana-
tomy, Physiology  and  Hygiene, or the
art of preserving health; and the treatment
of those affections which require immediate
attention, or are of an acute character, this
should be in the  hands of every one, more
particularly of those who, by their situations
are prevented from  resorting to the advice
of a physician, nor would the careful peru-
DR. CLARK ON  CONSUMPTION.

  A Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption,
comprehending an inquiry into the Nature,
Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of Tu-
berculous and Scrofulous Diseases  in Ge-
neral.  By James Clark, M. D, F. R. S.
  As a text-book and guide to the inexpe-
rienced practitioner we  know none  equal
to it in  general soundness  and practical
utility—to the general as well  as to the
professional reader, the work  will prove of
the deepest interest, and  its perusal of un-
equivocal advantage."—British  and Fo-
reign Medical Review.
  " The work of Dr. Clark may be regard-
ed as the most complete and instructive
Treatise  on  Consumption in the English
language."—Edinburgh  Medical   and
Surgical Journal.
sal of its pages fail to profit the inhabitants
of our cities, by giving them a more accu-
rate knowledge of the structure of the hu-
man  frame, and the laws  that govern its
various functions; whose perfect integrity
is absolutely essential to health, and even
to existence; the various systems of medical
charlatanry, daily imagined to take advan-
tage of the credulity and ignorance of man-
kind, would be rendered far less prejudicial
to the community than they now are.  We
would particularly direct attention to  the
Chapter on Hygiene, a science in itself of
the utmost importance, and ably treated in
the small space allowed to it in this  vol-
ume."—New York American.
 CHITTY'S  JURISPRUDENCE.

  A Practical Treatise on Medical  Juris-
prudence, with so much of Anatomy, Phy-
siology,  Pathology,  and  the  Practice of
Medicine and Surgery, as are essential to
be known by Members of the Bar and Pri-
vate Gentlemen; and all the laws relating
to Medical Practitioners; with explanatory
plates.   By J. Chitty, Esq.  Second  Ame-
rican edition: with Notes and Additions,
adapted  to American works and Judicial
Decisions. 8vo.
  A TREATISE ON THE PRACTICE
OF'MEDICINE, or a Systematic Digest
of the Principles of General  and Special
Pathology and Theraputics.   By E.  Ged-
dings, (now preparing.) 
32
MEDICINE AND SURGICAL WORKS.
   SMITH  ON  FEVER.

  A  Treatise on Fever.  By Southwood
Smith,  M. D., Physician  to the London
Fever Hospital.  Fourth American edition.
In 1 volume 8vo.
FITCH'S DENTAL SURGERY.
  A Treatise on Dental Surgery.  Second
edition, revised, corrected, and improved,
with new plates. By S. S. Fitch, M. D.  1
vol. 8vo.


 ABERCROMBIE  ON THE BRAIN.
  Pathological  and  Practical  Researches
on Diseases of  the  Brain and  Spinal
Cord.   Second  American, from  the third
Edingburgh edition, enlarged.   By John
Abercrombie, M. D.   In 1 volume 8vo.
ABERCROMBIE ON STOMACH.

  Pathological and Practical  Researches
on Diseases of the Stomach, the Intestinal
Canal, the Liver, and other Viscera of the
Abdomen.  By John Abercrombie  M. D.,
third American from the second London
edition enlarged.   In 1 vol. 8vo.
EWELL'S  MEDICAL COMPANION.

  The Medical Companion or Family Phy-
sician :  treating of the Diseases of  the
United States, with their symptoms, causes,
cure, and means of prevention.
  Manual of the Physiology of Man; or a
concise Description of the Phenomena of
his  Organization.  By P. Hutin.  Trans-
lated from the French, with notes, by J.
Togno.  In 12mo.
BELL  ON  THE  TEETH.

  The Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases
of the Teeth.  By Thomas Bell, F. R. S.,
F. L. S. &c, third American edition.  In
1 vol. 8vo.  With numerous plates.
WILLIAMS  ON  THE  LUNGS.

  A Rational  Exposition  of the Physical
Signs of Diseases of the Lungs and Pleura;
Illustrating their Pathology and facilitating
their Diagnosis.  By Charles J. Williams,
M. D.   In 8vo. with plates.
  THE  BRIDGE WATER TREA-
TISES,  COMPLETE  IN SEVEN
VOLUMES, OCTAVO.  Embracing.
  I. The  Adaptation of External Nature
to the Moral and Intellectual Constitution
of Man.  By the Rev. Thomas Chalmers.
  II. The Adaptation of External Nature
to the Physical Condition of Man.  By
John Kidd, M. D., F. R. S.

  III. Astronomy  and  General Physics,
Considered  with  References to  Natural
Theology.  By the Rev. Wm. Whewell.

  IV. The  Hand:  Its  Mechanism and
Vital  Endowments as  Evincing  Design.
By Sir Charles Bell, K. H., F. R. S.  With
numerous wood cuts.
  V The work of Buckland, Kirby and
Rojet may be had separate.
 BERTIEN ON  THE  HEART.

  A Treatise on  Diseases of the Heart and
Great Vessels.  By J. R. Bertien.  Edited
by G.  Bouillaud.  Translated  from  the
French.  8vo.


BOISSEAU  ON FEVER.

  Physiological  Pyretology;'  or a Treatise
on Fevers, according to the  Principles of
the New Medical Doctrine.   By F.  G.
Boisseau, Doctor in Medicine of the Facul-
ty of Paris, &c. &c.   From  the fourth
French edition.  Translated by J. R. Knox,
M. D.  1 vol. 8vo.


   HUTIN'S   MANUAL.
  V. Chemistry,  Meteorology,  and  the
Function  of  Digestion.  By Wm. Prout,
M. D, F. R. S.
  VI. The History, Habits and Instincts
of Animals.  By the Rev. Wm. Kirby, M.
A., F. R.  S.  Illustrated by numerous En-
gravings on Copper.

  VII.  Anatomy and Vegetable Physiology
Considered  with Reference  to  Natural
Theology. By Peter  Mark Roget, M. D.
Illustrated  with nearly  Five  Hundred
Wood Cuts.

  VIII. Geology and  Mineralogy,  Con-
sidered with  Reference  to Natural Theo-
logy.  By the Rev.  Wm. Buckland, D. D.
with numerous engravings on copper, and
a large coloured map. 
 
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE
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